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■<(-j

McMASTER

UNIVERSITY

LIBRARY

ONTARIO HISTORICAL
SOCIETY COLLECTION

..A

NEW AND

COMPLETE COLLECTION

VOYAGES and TRAVELS:

COKTAIKINQ

All that have been remarlutble from the earlieft Period to the prerent Time; and including not only the Voyages and Travsli

of the Native* of these Kingdom), but alio thofe of

France, Russia, Spain, Portugal, Germany, Italy, Turkey,
Denmark, Sweden, Holland, Switzerland, Prussia, &g.

WITH

An Account of the rife and Progrcft ofNAVioATiov among the Tariout Kationi of ihe Earth, and of the Difcoveiifi of tlie Tortuguere, EngUQ •
Dutch, and French, in Africa and the Eaft-lniliei, and ihofe of Columbut id the Weft-Indie>, and the Coniincnc'of America,

With the Relations of M A G H B L L A N , Drake, Can-dish, Anson, Dampier, and all the Circumnavigators,

Including a mod faithful Recital of the remarkable Voyages and Bifcoveries undertaken at the Expence of the PARLtAMENT of Great BaiTAiif.

and by Order of hit piciiit Majestv-Olorge III. in the Sovth-Si^as, by ibofc great and experienced Navigators,
BYRON, II CARTERET, li COOK, il fORSTER,

WALLIS, II FURNEAUX, | PARKINSON, I[ (^t. ifc.

TOGETHER WITH

An accurate Defcription of NEW HOLLAND, ZEALAND, O-TAHEITEE, TANNA, the SOCIETY,
FRI E N D L Y, and other w.i /y diJcTvtred Iflcs, and their Inhabitants. ^

liikewife the Voy.ige of Mr. de BoucAiNviLtE to the SflttTH Seas, by Order of the French King,

ALSO'

An Ac cou N T of the Right Honourable Lord MULGRAVE*s Expedition, for th«

Difcovery of a PafTage towards the North- Pole.

and

A fuccinit Narrative of the V o v a o e s and Travel! undertaken for Difcoveries in the Northern Hemifjihcre by Oi«ler of he^ j
Moft Serene HIghnefs the prefent 'EMPRESSoFRUSSIAi

With a particular Defcription of the New Archipelago difcovercd in the Profecution of that Plan }

Comprehending an Extenfive Syftem of Geography,

Dcfcribing, in the moft accurate Maimer,

Every Place worthy of Notice, in Europe, AXn, Africa, and America!

ANOCOMPaiSINC ..

A full Difplay of the Situation, Climate, Soil, Produce, Laws, Manners, Cuftomi, &c. of the different Coimtries of the UuivcrTc. A fummarT
View of the various RcvoUitioni n'l Guvcrnmont or changes of Nature which they have undegonc, With a Difcuflion of fcve^'niaMBeok
of Nature hitherto unaccounted for liy Pliilofophcrs.

The whole exhibiting • View of x\tt pr^frni Siait of the VnU, and calculated to gire the Reader a clear Idea ot AtQayeraltf(t(,^Uey>,ttd <
InterclU, of all ilic iliD'cicni Inhabitants! Being the rcl'ult of unweaiicd Afliduity, alGfla|rilllflH|fjlii|lwfiti(i^

By JOHN HAMILTON Ili^rORE,

MASTER pF THi ACAPEMY at HRENTFORD, and AUTHOR o» tm* PRACTICAL NAYIQ^fk'J^pR, M,

AflAca by IhiMcal 'Psatoxi who have made the Suajtcri at Varavta a4f Ta^viia their particular Srvk^.
£mbellilhcd with the moft fupcrb and elcgantSet of Copper- Plates, Slap*, Charts, PUns, Itc. (upwards of Ooe HundMd tn the Whole) that was
ever given with a Wotk of this Kind j engraved from the D*fig4 oTSonv/ »«*, Kfq. Mr. DtJJ, lie. hy Gf^>«, M^ttiri Rt»nlJ/in, Gt/Jar,
Tt^br, CtuMf and other Capital Mailers. < - , *

L O N D O Ni
Ptl^TBD roK TliKPROPR|BTORI»

And ^Id b7 4^£XANDER HOGG, «t N<ii i6, Patcc-

^ '- ,

■ .^"

,«

•■•Hfe-'

Miib

PREFACE.

TN Compliance with cuftom, which prefcribes the ceremony of a preface, and in
deference to the idea entertained by the generality of readers, that wc may not
break in upon them, as it were, abruptly, wc Ihall here offer a few words '-clativc to
the nature of this work.

Every one knows, that a coliedion of voyages and travels, merely confidercd as fuch,
has nothing in it of novelty j numbers of fuch compilations having been publilhcd from
time to time: among the mod remarkable, thofeof Hakluyt, Purchas, Harris, Churchill,
and fome more modern compilers, may be reckoned, whofo produdions, though it
would be very tedious to the reader, and a very difagrceable tafk to us, particularly to
cenfun', — yet truth compels us to fay, that on many accounts we cannot heartily ap-
prove of thcni : to prefent the public with a number of volumes, fwelled to an enor-
mous fize, and filled with trivial circumllances, compofed from the journals of fca-
men, or the memorandums of travellers, we do not conceive to be fuited to the fpirit of
an undertaking of this fort, where much matter ought to be comprifed in little fpace,
left the reader (liould be compelled to fpend a great deal of time in fcleding a few
pearls from an enormous dunghill.

Even thofe colledions which have bidden faireft for fucccfs, have generally been of
great bulk, and confequcntly exceeded in price the convenience of common pur-
chafers : nor is this allj the recent difcoveries made by our later navigators, and mor«
modern travellers, have opened a new field for curious difquifition ; and to give th*
fubftance of their narrations, muft prove a great addition to the fund of ufeful know-
ledge, treafured up in fiich a compilation.

All tliefc have been particularly attended to in the courfe of this work, thfi mate-
rials for which arc felcfted from the moft authentic accounts, and while it draws th«
' line between the obftinacy of Incredulity, and the folly of Supcrftition, it omits na
fpecics of ufeful information!

6 WiA

«■

• 1

a THEPREFACE.

With regard to the method which we have laid down to ourfclves in profccuting
the plan propofcd, it is fimply this : to fcleft every thing worthy of notice from the
voluminous writers already mentioned, as well as from thofc of a more modern date,
including the voyages undertaken by order of his prefcnt Britannic Majcfty, and the
King of France, for making difcovcries in both hemifpheres. For the fake of perfpi-
cuity we fliall begin with the Voyages j which being finiHied, we (hall proceed
to the Travels ; and, to avoid endlefs repetitions, Hull place by thcmfclves thofe
defcriptions of countries, which, for brevity's fiike, will be fclcdtcd from the rela-
tions of voyagers and travellers, whofe more prolix accounts arc not given in the
courfe of the work.

The relation of voyages will begin with vhofe of Columbus and of Vafquez de Gamaj
after which will be found the accounts of all the circumiuivigators, and the voyages
of the Europeans to the EaA-Indics : the reft will follow in a general fucccflion, and
the dates will be affixed in the margin. 1 he reader will likcwifc find in the intro-
duiflion, a fummary account of the rife and progrefs of Nuvigation, together with .
feme other particulars not unworthy the atvention of thofc who would pcrufe the
fubfequent work for inflru^ion, .is well as amufcmcnt.

<i..

INTRODUCTION.

■-*

INTRODUCTION.

MANKIND being intcmlcil by Proviilcnce for focial us well as ratioiril creatures, it feems to
have been the grand defign otGod and Nature, that after having niuliiplieil and ri-[)lenifhed
the earth, they (hould hold intereourle with each other, and thereby derive fuch iiuuual
advantages as without a miraculous intervention could never otherwife aril'e to any leiiarate
community. It may poflibly, be objected that it" this were realK the defign of I k-aven, men
would not have been fcattered at a dirtance from each other with intervening wikis, ilefarts,
mountains, and vail oceans to divide them. But, upon an examination of the dil'penfatiuns of
Providence, this fccming weighty objection will vanilh. Man is a Heing capable of improvi-
ment, and intended to be conllantly employed in exertions either of his corporeal or mental
faculties. It IS for the brute creation alone, to remain, from iheir full period of exillenee, in
their wilds and fordh, till death adimilates them with their original dull. Man has a nobler claim,
by arts enabled to remove the apparent obdacles of nature, to vifit dillant lands, and t'roni
experience to reap advantage and ufeful improvement, and, in all the various changes of the
world, ftill to find •mployment for his rational faculties, and means to occupy his indurtry.

The ftatc wherein wc now fee the terracjueous globe is not that which it always exhibited :
befides the general deluge fo fully defcribeil in fcripture, we have authentic accounts of parti;il
deluges, dreadful earthquakes, and other pliucnomenn, which from time to time have
wrought amazing changes on the face of the earth, levelling mountains, elevating valleys,
rending afunder vaft continents, producing new illands, burying vail trails of laml beneath tho
ocean, and caufing the fea in other places to retire, and the dry laml to appear. How far thefo
changes may have conduced to the feparation of mankind in fome places, and to the alFo-
ciattng them in others, is a matter, perhaps worthy the difcuflion of the philolophic.il enquirer.
VVhetner the various nations of the peopled earth were feparated by fuch vaft tradls of ocean in
the antediluvian world, is more than wc can take upon us to determine; but it feems clear that
after the general deluge, men were fearful of trultii\g thcmfelves upon the world of waters
even for ages, till by flow degrees they were convinced of the utility, when numbers had
experienced the advantages of a certain confined navigation peculiar to thofc ages.
•it wcnild be as tedious as ufelefs for us to take up too nuu h of the readers time with a detail
of the expeditions of all thedefceiulants of Noah, and the ."uin's of fabulous times, of which all
the accounts arc fo mixed with fable, that it is fcarcely i>Oi;i ji • tor the moll accurate invelligator
to diilinguifl) and fejiarate truth from error. Of this fort re the cxj>cdition of the Cretan
Jupiter againft the Sidonians, of I'erfeus into Africa againll Mcdufa, with others, too tedious
here to mention. The relation of the voyage of Jafon in the (hip Argo, faid to be the firft large
veflel built by the Greeks, is likewife immerfed in fabulous obfcurity : it is only to be concluded
that the Argonauts failed under a brave commander of the name of Jafon, to clear the feas of
pirates, and to cllablifti fome branches of ufeful commerce at Colchis and clfewhcre.

From all authentic hirtory, facred anil profane, we have reafon to believe that the Phccniciaas
were the firft, and for a long period of time the moll fuccefsful of the ancient navigators. W*
find the King of Tvrc, whole fubjedls were of that nation, artiftingKing Solomon with gold and
curious materials for building the famous temple at Jerufalem. — Though the virtue of the
magnetic needle was totally unknown in thofc days, ) et it is niorally certain that thtfe bold
navigators not only coafted along the neighbouring ftiorcs of the Mediterranean, but failed
Soutnward to Africa, and North as far as Britain, trading for tin to the coall of Cornwall, at a
time when the cxiflencc of this illand was not known to the greater part of the nations inhabiting
the continent. The Aflyrians, JE^\ ptians and other antient Hates arc reported to have had

treat fleets before the days of David or even of Moles. — The accounts of the naval power of
emiramis arc to be fufpctled as fabulous ; that the ^Egyptians and fome other nations have been
reprefented as covering the feas with their fleets, may probably have arifen from the numbers tit
Phoenician vcflels employed in their fervicc.— The Greeks who learned other arts from them,
actpiircd that of navigation among the rcll, and almoft as Ibon as they were formed into ilates,
began to think of making themlelves refpcdable for their fleets, with which they repeatedly
dcKated thofc of the Pernans, and while the Phoenicians were employed in trading and planting^
colonies in various other parts of the world, made thcmfelves maftcts of the Eaficrn coails ot
the Mediterranean.

B Carthage,

-W"^

ti INTRODUCTION.

Carthage, a colony frotn Tyre, from fmall beginnings rofe to high cftinutloa for her naval
power, by which meani, in a gjreat meafure Ihc was enabled to contend with Rome for the
empire of the world. But the indifatigable induflry, unwearied application, and traundlcft
third of conqucll which marked the chara^er of the Romans, caufed them at lall to triumph.
Though at firft they were linle ikilled in maritime afTairs, to which their ancient geniiu had not
led them, yet finding themfelves thus powerfully on|)ofcd by a people whole great rcfourcei
were in trade, and wliofc naval (Irength contributed chiefly to their fiipport : they rcfblved oil
manning great fleets, in which, though at iirft they were unfuccefsful, they were M length
enabled to combat their enemies, as it were uiwn their own clement, and finally gave them fuch
a terrible overthrow as induced them to accejit of fuch a peace as the con(|uerors were difpofed to
grant.— The fleets at this time cOnfifted ot galleys of various fizcs, with feveral benches of
rowers, and were filled with foldiers who fought with their uAial weapons of war, tu which
were added various engines peculiar to their fituation, and fume of the galleys had towers, from
whence they fliotor threw darts, (tones and other miflliles. By the help of thefe, they could make
fafe approaches to the walls of towns in cfftiffivt war, and when attacked in their own vcl&lt
could carry on a deftntt as from land caflles.

But though the Romans by their alfiduitics had overcome great obftacles, and were become
the mafters at fca, yet we do not find that their genius led them towards </»/<:wrty.— Comjueft
engrofllil their ideas, and as the then known world had furniflied fufficiciit employment for their
arms, and put them in poflcflion of an empire, which was at lad tou cxtcnfive for them to
prefervc entire, they were little folicitous of penetrating farther, and exploring unknown
regions in the manner of the more modern Europeans.

The power which the Romans had thus wrcfted from the Greeks and Carthaginians they
prcfcrved till the divifion of the empire, after which, it began to decline. — The diftant provinces
revolted.— The nations (hook o(f the yoke of the comiucrors ; barbarians whofe names wer*
almoft unknown, poured in upon the various parts of the divided empire; Rome finking under
her own weight, was at laft facked by the Goths, and Conftantinople taken by the Saracens,
in the reign of Michael Pal;eoiogus, which event nut an end to the Eaftern empire.

From this period the Arabs began to date their cunfetiuence.— Though at firft apparently
enemies to learning and the arts, yet as they extended their power, they became encouragcrs of
them, and, while the deftruftion of the Weltern empire had involved Europe in ignorance and dif-
traftion, thefe people began to cultivate ufeful knowledge, and to carry on an cxtenfive trade with
divers nations, though in (hips of a very flight conftruaion. Nor did the divifion of the Arabian
Empire prove the extindion of this commerce, which lone furvived the deftru£lion of the
Khalifate, and the remains of which, were yet vifiblc to the Portuguefe when they entered the
Indian feas, along whofe coafts the pilots, it is faid, were found to have the ufe of fea charts,
and even that of the compafs, the difcovery of which, was then fo recent m Europe.

In the mean time the rival Republics of Genoa and Venice, were almoft the only powers that
attended to trade and navigation >n the Wcflern World, the crufades abroad, and the feudal
fvftcm which prevailed amongd the mod refpeAable powers at home, joined to their inteftine
divifions, proving moft unfavourable to the arts, and prolonging that night of ignorance,
whofe (hades began to be difpelled about the fifteenth century. The conqueds of Jenghiz
Khan, and the wars of the fucceflbrs of Saladin, as well as thofc of Tamerlane, had fucccflively
kept Afia in a ferment ; and the two Republics maintained their naval confequence, till the
Venetians at length prevailed, and fecured to themfelves the fovereignty of the inner feas.— -
Before a way to India was opened by the Cape of Good Hope, the great market for fpices,
drugs, and other valuable commodities of the Ead, was fixed at the city of 'Malakka, from
whence they were fetched for the ufe of the Wedem nations as far a* the Red Sea.— But the
difcoveries of the Portuguefe turned the channel of this trade, and in eflTcdt proved fatal to the
wealth and power of the Venetians, which had for a long fuKcflion of years been at once the
wonder, and the envy of Europe.

It is to the direaive power of the magnetic needle, fird difcovcrcd about the year 1300,
that this change may properly be attributed. Who was the author of this difcovery is
uncertain ; but it is generally afcribed to an inhabitant of Amalfi, in the kii^dom of Naples,
of whofe name there is no authentic account.— Indeed, whoever the perfon was, his claim could
"~" be only as a mere difcoverer of this property, which was not applied till about the year 1405,

by the Portuguefe for the purpofcs of navigation. *

Prince

* The bafSfii or magnet, ai fome (ay, was firil found in Magnrfia, a country of Lydia ; accordin|f to oihcrt.
Mm Magnefiani wen only the fiill who dil'coTered iti propcny of attnkling iron. It ia well known to hare two polei.
Which conftaatlr iBcHnc to thole of the world, if nothing intervene to alter their direAion. This property is (bund (O
kt communicable, and hence th« nautical needle once property touched points conftantly towards the pole, unleA
fome mafs of interpofinv iron, or fomcwhat of a magnenc nature, intcrpolcs to prevent its direction. The caufe of thU
srondeifulcfled U one m thole (ecreta which it has pleafed Heaven hitherto to conceal from the prying fearchen into
natuie's volame. TUs wooder is augmeated by another, namely, the different vtriatioai Of the compafs, which are
found by obferving the fun tad ftait, and appmr not to be guided by parallels of latituidt. nor regulated by meridians t
fome have attributed this to certain maneiic qualitiet ia certain mountains : fome to a pnnciple of magnetifm ui thi
earth coiaBiunicabie from the pole in <u(!eicat demca, tt different dillances.— But what tends to overthrow theft
mrious opinions, and feema almoft to modi conieaure, it a variation of the variation itfclf, as it continues not the
liim* at all time* even in the (hale fitualiooi. ° On the whole, from whatlbcver hidden poweit in nature the caufe of
m^netiiJB oriciBatta, it ia to iti fSidt, at employed in firaning the laaiiMrt compaA, that noaUad owe tht dUiwTcqr
•f a tfmyvom.

i^Mla

#.-

t N T R

D U <J T I O N.

Prince Henry, third fon of Kjng John of Portugal, returning from the ficgc of Cciita, conctivcJ
fuch a violent acfirc of making new dilcoverics that he fpcnt ni-ar lo vcms in tMufing attempts of
that nature to be nude, in the profecution of which he appeared to nave at heart, a filuiue for
rcftoring the trade with Afia, by finding out a palTagc round Africa to the WrU Indies, wliich
mull neceirarily divert it from its old channel, and prove moll beneficial to thofc who firll ae-
compliihed the arduous undertaking.

It feemi that the prince wu the more encouraged to proceed in iii^ fchemc I))' the inforrnation
of certain Moon, concerning the fituation of the Southern coalh of Africa, of which no Ku-
ropcan adventurers had any knowledge, none of them having ventured beyond Cape Nao, lb
called from being confidered as the utmoft boundary of their navigation toward that <iuarier of
the globe. But no ubltaclcs appearing futiicicnt in the eves of I'rincc Henry, who every ilay j^rew
more bent upon his dcfign, in the year 1417, he caufed two vcllcls to be fitted out for the pur-
pofc of difcovcry ; they ran 60 leagues beyond Cape Nao to Cape Wojador, where being dil-
couragcd by a Iwelling fea, breaking on the fands, they returned, and the Prince fent out, i^iS;
Juan Gonzales Zarco, and Trillan Vaz Teixeira, gentlemen of his houlhold, in a fmall Ihip,
with orders to coaft along the coaft of Barbury, till they had palled the Cape, and tlilcover all
the land which the Arabs faid reached beyond the equinodlial line : but their veflel was driven
by a ilorin out of her courfe, till, accidentally, they made an ifland which they called Puerto
Santo, or Holy Ifland, on account of their deliverance. The prince, on their return, plcafeJ
with their difcovcry, lent them thither again, together with Bartholomew Perellrello, with cattle;
as alfo corn and plants ; but the intention was defeated by the fecundity of a couple of rabbits,
thofc aaimals multiplying fo exceedingly, as to deftroy what was planted ; and thus a cir-
cumllance fo trifling, rendered the projett of a fettlemcnt abortive. The year following, the
fiunc gentlemen made another voyage, in which they difcovered the ifland of Madeira, where
they found a chapel, tomb, and ftone, ercdlcd by an Englifliman, who, flying from his country
with a woman whom he loved, was driven thither by ftrclsof weather j the fliip taking advrantagc
of a favouring gale, having left the young couple behind them.* The land being covered with
woods, the Portuguefe fet fire to them, to clear it : thefe are faid to have burned lor feven years,
and when the ifland was at lad fettled, wood became one of the fcarcefl articles in the country.
— A courfe of time being ncceflary for furnilhing the new fettlemcnts, it was not till 15 years
afterwards that Gilianez paflcd the dreadful Cape Bojador, beyond which he failed jo leagues,
and the year following, proceeded 12 leagues farther, returning with a quantity ot fea wolves
ikins, but, on their landing, the inhabitants fled for fear of them, and could not be perfuadcd
to return.

Prince Henry (lill continuing to purfue his plan, Antomr Gonzales, in the year 1442, by his
order, coaflcd as far as Cape Blanco. Nunho Tridan pafling dill further, difcovered one of the
iflands of Arguim, called Adcget, and another, which they named E)e Los Garzas.

Dinis Fernandez, in 1447, difcovered Cabo Verde, or Cape Verde; but venturing up the
river which the Spaniards called Rio Grande, he was cut off by the natives, as were mod of his
followers.

Alvaro Fernandez afterwards failed 40 leagues farther ; and thus Prince Henry had the fatis-
fa^ion of feeing his plans fucccffively executed, till death removed him in the midd of them »
after which they were purfued by his nephew, Alfonfo V. in whofe reign Gonzalo de Velio,
difcovered the iflands called Azores, which are eight in number, viz. St. Michael, St. Mary,
Jcfus, or Terefa, Graciofa, Pico, Fayal, Flores, and Corvo, lying nearly in the fame latitude
with Liflxin.

The next year the iflands of Cape Verde were difcovered by Antonio Nole, a Genocfe, in the
fervice of Portugal. Thefe iflands lie about too leagues to the Wedward of Cape Verde, and
are called Brava, Boavida, du Sal, S. Nicholao, S. Lucia, S. Vincent, and S. Antonio : he alfa
found the ifles Maya, and S. Philip, and S. Jacob.

In 1 47 1, John de Santeren and Peter de Efcobar, went to the place called Mina, on account
of the gold trade there, and proceeded from thence to Cape St. Catharine. The fame year Fer-
dinand Po, found out an ifland which he called Hcrmofa, a name which it has fince lod, but
retains that of him who difcovered it. About the fame time the iflands S. Thomas, Anna Bom»
and Principe, were difcovered.

It was at this period the King of Portugal took upon him the title of Lord of Guinea.— It had
heretofore been the cwflom to let up wooden croflcs in the new difcovered countries, but this
prince ordered that done ones fliould be in future ereded by the captains, whereon his own nams
and theirs were to be infcribed. The fird of thefe captains was called Cam : paffing Cape
Catharine, he came to the river Congo, failing up which, he found by the figns of the blacks,
that they had a king, who lived at a didance from the fea coad. This being all the information
he could get, he returned home ; where being arrived, and bringing fome of the natives with
him, King John gave them many prefents, and ordered Cam to proceed again to Congo, and
endeavour the converfion of the people, who were all heathens.— In this he happily fucceeded,
and returning to Congo, being admitted to the King of that place, perfuaded him to fend
6 fom*

** The Uiy died roon afterwardij and Machtin, With Mi cOmptnioM, having ptid thti tribute to her memory, roado
• boM out of the rrunk of ■ tree, in which without ftUp, or oan, he fiSti vm t» A&i«a i th« Moon pitfeoted hiai
r* their kio{, who lent him to Ac King of Caftile.

144^

1484.

'-v^

VUl

I N T

D l)

I o N.

Ionic of the foiiH of hii chief nun to Portugal, to be l>nj»rifal and inftruAed in ilio pilncijilc* of
the chrilliim ri'li^ioiu

Sohu' rinu' aftir, rhc King of Ittnin, a tcrriforv fimntc bctwien fort St. Gcnrer and Coneo.
.........i:..» • A.f, I .....^...1 i..:n:.._:... ,• i _.ti ._ .l . •.•• P.. i •;

n Ihifl", with a iu-ail und a irol'*, like that of Malta s i»«t addrd, that thi- |Krf<>iii nciiving tlulV,
mviT were ;illovMil tu Ulioltl hi* face, his foot only iKiiig put out from behind u curtain, in
token of iiis gruntini; their rcquell.

The wonderful account* of a certain prince called Prcfter John, reigning in thofe parti, be-
ing ai that tiiiie airrent in Kuro|ic, King John concUuled ihi* nuirt be that very extraordinary
perfon;^e. — To farinty hinifelf in thi« particular, a« well as to get fome account of India, I'etef
lie Covdiain, and Alimfo de Papa, were font over land for intelligence: by wav of Grand
Cairo, they went to Toi- on the coall of Arabia, where they feparated, Covillani fctting out for
India, and Payva, for Kthiopia, l>oth agreeing to meet again at Grand Cairo, by a certain ap.
pointed time ; the former prtKeeded to Canauor, Calicut and Goa, pafling from thence to So-
tala, and afterwards to Aden, at the Mouth of the Red Sea, on the fulc of Arabia ; wh/.n,
coming at lart to Grand Cairo, he fouiul the companion of his travels was no more j from hence
he lent the king an account of his proceedings by a Jew come from Portugal, and afterwards went
into I-thiopia, where he was kintlly entcnaincd, but from whence he was never permitted to return.
At the lame time that thefe fct out by land, Bartholomew Diaz put to lea, with three (hips :
lie difcovered the mountains called Serra I'rada, and ynffvii on in light of a bay, which he
named Dt lu I'aqutnt, on ;H:count of the great herds ot cattle, that he faw there; he touched
nfterwards at the illand of Santa Cru7., entered the movith of the river del Infante, and at lalt
came to the famous Cape which is the utmort Southern boun<lary of Africa : to this Cape he
;ave the name of Tornientolb, on account of the llorms which he there met with. But King
ohn changed the apj>cllati»n to that of Cabo dc Buena Ulpcran/.a, on account of the hopes he
entertained of difcmering a pallage rouinl it by fea to the liall Indies : however this (which wa«
of more confecpicncc than finding out I'rtller John's donvnions) did not take place in
the reign of King John, who, having fixed the Portugucfc dominion in Guinea, died, and was
luccceucd by King Emanuel.

It was in the reign of this monarch that Vafqucz de Gama, being intmftcd with the command
of three (hips and a tender, palled the Ca|>c, and made his wav to India by ii::\ : previous ru
which, ChnfVopher Columbus, had failed to the Weft Indies ; the new world was thus difco-
vered, and the conipied of Mexico and Peru followed in confetiuence of that difcovery.

In 1 4\)4, Sebaftian Cabot difcovered North America, in the reign of King Henry VII. of Eng-
land.— In the year 1 500, Brafil was firrt found out by Peter Alvarez Cabral, who was fent on an cx-
{Kdition with 1 200 men, to gain footing in In<lia, but was driven by a llorm on that part of the coalt
of South America ; and, in 1510, Ferdinand Maghellan found a pall'age from the Wcilcrn to the
Southern ocean, by thofe Straits which have < vcr fince borne the name of tneir unfortunate difcoverer.
The wa)' thus oitcned, each fucceedin^ period fumilhed new difcoveries of the EngliHi, the
Dutch, the French, and in cfti-i>, all the nations of Europe, whole fituation would i>ermit them ;
eagerly followed the example of the fuccefsful Portugucfc and Spaniards, who, equally jcalou*
of them, and of each other, took all manner of pains to prefenc their dominion where they had
cained footing, ami as much as iHilTible to thwan alt thole who atlopted the ulan of making new
difcoveries. But notwithftan<ling this, we find the Dutch, at various perioils, bxjfy in fettling
thcmfelves in India, and fecuring the poireOicn of the fpice trade. In 1600, an Englilh Eaft-
India companv, was eftablilhed by Queen Elizabeth) fettlcircuts in Afia were alfo obtained. A
ercat part of the continent of North America, firft difcovered by SebaAian Cabot, wat alfo peopled
after that time bv Britilli fubje^ts : nor were the French idle, they alfo got footing in Afia,
the Weft-Indies, and North America, in fpite of all the obftacles that at firlt appeared to hinder
them; while the Portuguefe and Spaniards, ef{Kcially the latter, often found themfelvcs much
cmbarra^ed to prcfervc their new |>olleflions. A nallage being ojK-ned from the Atlantic to the
South Sea, by Cape Horn, and the Straits of Maghellan, and the poflibility of circum-navigating
the globe, which before exifted in idi-a, confirmed by experience, the fettlcments on the
coafts of the Pacific Ocean were exiH)fetl to allkults from enemies whom the Spaniards little cx-
ncded to vifit them in thofe feas, the richesof the new world being alone fulficient rocxcite them
to fuch an undertaking. Drake, Candifti, ami others, following the track, afterwards
failed round the world, and to their difcoveries much has been added l>y more rnodern naviga-
tors. But as all thefe, together with all that is found remarkable in the relation of voyagers and
travellers will be found at large in the following flieets, we forbear to dwell upon them
here having alreadv given the reader a view of the rife and progrefs of the «rt of navieation,
and a fumniary account of the undertakings oi thofe firft adventurers, whofe names will ever

be had in remembrance. - , . , . , .^ ,/• . . • • 1. .1.

Having finilhcd this (ketch, we fliall now proceed with the work itfelf, bcginmng with the
voyages of Chriftopher Columbus and Vafcpicz dc Gama, w hole difcoveries form an (Bra the molt
remarkable in the hiftory of navigation, as they firft poured the treafurcs of the Eaftern and
Wcftcm world into the lap of Europe, and thereby laid th« foundation ot her prefcnt gnindcur
and refinement. ^ VOYAGES

*%-

VOYAGES

AMD

TRAVELS.

THE FIRST VOYAGE OF CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS.

CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS, who
adtkd a fourth quarter to the world hy hii
dircoverie* toward) the latter end of the
fiUcciith century, was a native of Genoa,
1)1' unoertitin parentage, but of confvOed
ali.liries. He had a ftiong propiiifity to the ftudy of
niiv'ijation, early in life he difcovcred an inclination
to nuthcmitical refcarches, and had been employed
in trading vnyages to divers parti of the world before
he attempted to fet out upon this grand difcovcry.
Hit motives to the undertaking, according to his own
account, were the following : Firft, 1 nc figure of
the earth fuggeftod to him the probability that there
mud be fomc counterbalance of land, toanfwcr to the
vaii trad of ocean which appeared to furround the
habitable world. Secondly, He greatly relied upon
fome hints of this kind, which he thought he tr:wed
in feveral ancient writers, at veil as on the observa-
tions which he himfelf had made in the courfe of foi.ie
of his own voyages. Thefc were confirmed hy thofe
of other navigators, among whom was on« who
mentioned a large ifland, which he faid he had dif-
ccArered to the wcftward of Ireland, fince fuppofed to
be Newfoundland. One Martin Vincent, who ufed
to fait to the Azores, is faid to have lold Columbus,
that being 450 leagues to the wcftward of Cape St.
Vincent, he took up a piece of timber which leemed
to be wrought by fome artifan, but apparently, with-
out the help of iron. Peter Correa, who haa married
Columbus^ wife's fifter, reported that he had fecn
another piece of the fame fort at Puerto Santo, and that
there had alfo been canes found fo thick that every joint
would hold a gallon of wine, which were fliewn to the
king of Portugal. Such canes being eenerally found in
India, concurred with other circumilance* to infpirc
Columbus with the notion of Ciiling wcftward to the
Eaft Indies i which, if no intervening lands obftruAed,
he concluded there was a moral certainty of accom-
pliOiing. The calling upof pines and dead bodies at the
Floras, which latter, by their fieatures, filmed to have
been the inhabitants of fome remoter region, tended
ftill farther to confirm him in his opioion.

PoflefTed with the rcfolution of making the experi-
racnt, he firft propofed the matter to his coutUvmen
the Genoele, by whom it was rejeAed. He thtll ad-
dicfled himfelf to the King of Portugal, in Whofe
domiqloiia he livwlt uid where he had married ami in-
tended to ftttle. But tiMt monaich feemed e«tteihely
backward tocii|aM in fuch an eittenfive mtdertakinK.
The reafiMU urged were, that bit Mijcfty had aktady
been at gtctt expenoe in fendinK pcrfont to make
dircoverica along the African cow, anl to find out
an eaftcm paffiige to the In^ln bjr fNi, vitltoM hMring
Vot. I. N« I. J ■

reaped the expeAed advantages i and that there ap<
peared little profpc^t of attaining the end by an ex-
pedition tu the wi-ftward where frefli difficulties and
dangers would arife, fince after all the labour ih^t
had Dcen beftoweil on the favourite fchcme of the Por«
tuKUcfe, carried on fince Prince Henry's time, there
had not been fouml any navigators yet fucrcfsful enough
to we.ithcr the Cane of Good Hope, and fpread their
fails upon the Indian Ocean.

However plaufible this reafoning might feem, it
appeared in the fequd, that his Portucuefc Majefty
was not fo much bent agiiinft a expedition o( thil
fort, as he was averfc to employing Columbus 1 for,
by the advice of fume who (harvJ his confidence, the
king fecretly caufcd a vclfcl to be fitted out, which
was fent to difcovcr what fomc, in jcft, had termed
Columbus's world 1 but for w.int ofcoiiflancy and a
proper idea of what courfe to take, the fchcme mif-
carried, and thole who had thus been fent to circum-
vent the firft propofer, returned withort having cf-.
fe£)cd anything, and fully convinced that there could
be no lands to the weftward beyond thofe already dif-
covcred i becaufe they had nut the fortune to find
them out.

Columbus being informed of what had pafled, was Columbui
fo much difguftcd at this duplicity, that (his wife l°>vit Potiu*
being already dead) he determined to leave Portugal, (*'■
and accordingly departed privately from that kingdom,
taking with him his fan James, and proceeded to
Caftiie. Then, having left the child in a monaftery at
Palot, he went to Cordova, where the SpanilK court
then waSf and where he recommended himfelf by his
knowledge and abilities to the notice and friendfliip of
feveral perfons whom bethought moft likely tu favour
his fcheme, which he intended to propofe to the
reignine princes King Ferdiiund and Queen Ifabclla.
But left he fliould meet with another repulfe in
Spain, in order that no time might be loft, he difpatched
his brother Bartholomew to England to make propofalf
to King Henry VII. but hit meflenger Killing into
the hands of pirates, and afterwards not getting a
<pecdy audience of the king, thefe ami other circum-
flances occafioned Columbus no longer to rely upon
the EngliOi, who might otherwife have inlured to
themfelves the Weft India iflands and moft probably
a lafting Eiiglifh eftablilhment in South Atnerica.

The application at firft intcttdcd was now made to
their Catholic Majefties, but tto matter beihg refsrred
to. certain Spanifh coTmogtaphers, by the prior of
Brado, afterwards archbil£>p of Grenada, whom the
kinc had thoueht fit to confuli upon the occafioiri
thcie men whole ideas were by no means fo extcnfive
ai thoft of Golumbut, gave their opinions agairdl the
C expedition.

''^v

THE

FIRST

VOYAGE OF

1402 Mrpcdit?bil» urging « vaficty orTiitilc rtitfbn^i • Which
^ V ■ ' however, hail ib much weight with the cnurt, that
after a tnlious and rniitlcrs attendance, hcircccivcd Tcir
aafwcr, that their Majcllics were then To much en-
gaged in their wars with the Moors, that they could
not attend to any new undertaking : and in the end
it was fignitied to him, that they would not liflen to
the propofals which the piojeAof of. the f-henic
offered tHcm.

In effeiit, after many conferences, Columbus, for
that time, received a flat refufal, though the Duke:.
Medina, Celi, and other perfons of note were by this
time become his advocates: live years having been
thus walled in folicitations, he at lall refolvcd to leave
Spain as he had quitted Portugal. He therefore fet out
for the i.ionaftery of Palos, to take his fon from thence^
but there F. Jp'n Here/, pcrAiadcd him once more to-
apply to their Cltholic M^jiAies, then carrying on
the fiege of Grenada. He was prevailed on to do fo ;
t)Ut his terms t being difapproved, hercfumed his rcfo-
Ijltion of leaving the country, and was got two leagues,
on his way, whtn the queen fcnt to rccal him. He
lobeycd the fummons, and her Majefty having refotved
to gratify his dclirc, even to the pledging of her jewels,
an agreement fully to his fatisfadion wK.drawn up,
at the camp of St. Faith, before the town of Gren.-ida,
on the 17th of April in 1492.

All things being thus adjufted, it wias not long
before the proper preparations were made for that
vayagc, which Was to determine whether the opinion
of Cfolumbus were the reveries of an enthufiaftic
dreamer, or Were fuch as originated in a depth of com-
prehenfion, and defcrved the cncouraganant of the,
princes of the eartht
Columhtis With a flcej confifting only 6f three caravels the

cmharksoiihii^Jinlrjl f^t out from Palos, on Friday the ad of
««Veaition. ^yg„j^^ himfelf commanding the St. Maria, and
Martin Alonfo Pinfon the Pinta, of whi<ih his bro-
ther Francifco was mailer, the third vefTel, called the
Kinna, was under the condufl of Vincent Y*iineZ|
Pinfon ; and all the three Caravels contained no?
above 120 mtn. They arrived at the Canaribs 'dW
the nth of the fame month, without any o^hcr kcci.;
dent except that of the Pinta"s rudder breaking lodfe j
and having rcfrcflied themfelvcs at Gomera, on the 6th
' of September dtparted from thofe iflands. Moft of
the failors loft their fpirts When they loft flght of the
land} Columbosj however* h:-illured thera, and
whenever they talked of danger, difiourfed of ridhes
and honours, by which means, together with making
it a conftant rule to falfify the reckoning In fliiiha
manner as that the marirters might not imagine thdm-
fclvcs fo diftant from home as they really were, he
contrived fVom time to time to keep them quiet. On
the 14th of SeptemlKr he firtt obferved the variation
of the compafii ; two days after they faw' weeds Aoatr
ing on the water, and fomc fmall animals aiive among
them, and as they proceetird, obferved fev«ral flight*
of birds holding their courfc weftwWrdi

Thefe favourable figns c6ntinuing for Tome days,,
but no land appcafing, the mariners wtrc loud in
li.e ftjmcn complaints .tgainft the admiral, who, they faid, in,
tiiuroiur. the vain cxpeftation of gratifying his own avarice;
and ambition had brought them thither to be ftafved
to death or fwallowcd up by tl»e mercllefs OCCan.
They added, that having already done more thah
could be txpcAed, in venturing lit far, it were better
they fliould rtturn, and in cafe of oppofltion froin
Columbus, kmii'at them were of opinion, that, like

lead of
rfumg^^

• One of th« reifont ■Hedged wit, tint if inj m«n ftinuM
fill ftrait iwiv wtllwtrd beyond the known hrmifplieic, Iw
wotittl go down, 9» accouDi .cf the ntuodky of tlic cat 1I1, toil
would never return >K>in, (ince to •nem|X ic waiiU be like ■
veirel'i climbing a hill, which tuuld not li« done by the
ftionnngalc.

t Thtf.- wrmi vftti, " Tim lie Pwulil b* (itrtfriKon the
« occaiit tliU all eivil cm)iluynicnii n well of government •■
•• adini:iinrauon of lull ice in all ilic landt dilcoVfred llioald k<
" v«l)oily at bit dilpolal, ami ilut all coveriwe'i of Moeincei
'• Didulif be cliofen out u>' one nf clirn petfArii «'h6ni M Aioulil
■• naiiMf^d Uwt be llMwld a^'point jtidgec is all {bid al

another Jona<i, he fliould be thrown ovtrbocrd to fa-
cilitate their project.

The aJitiir;,!, who was not i;>norant of their mtir-
miiiiiigs, ftill tarried himfilf with ileadintfs and re-
folution, fomclimes ufing foothing words, foiiietimek
more ftcrnly reproving them, vvit'n a fcCret dcter-
min.ition of proceeding at ail eirtnts uiion the >xpt-
dition, which .lie doubted not in the end would an-
ther his cxpcjtitions. He failed not always to put
them in mind of the good figiis which they had fecn,
but thelc had fo frequently dif.ippoiiitcd the failors,
that they began to give litile credit to fucli tokens.

Oh the 25th, Pinfon, whofc veflel was a-head of
the rcll, thought he difeovcred land, but this prg
an illulion. On (landing all night toward^
quarter where he thouj-ht he had perccivvd it, in
morning it,was found thcAtet had been only purfumg^
a ridge of Cftotflls, which ■grpatly ;idded to tlie admiral's
cmbarrairmcnt, r.s v/ell a^ to their vexation.

A: lall, when the patience of the feamen was ex-
haullcd, and Columbus himfelf, to pacify them»
talked of reluming, in cafe land was not difeovcred in
three uays, at the liime time oflering thirty crowns a
year to the difcoverer; juft at thiscrifis, on the night
of the iith of Oilober, the admh-al beinr then in his The a.'miril
cabin, thought he faw a linht, and callciTtwo of his "I'f""'" '•"<*.
men to obfcrve it, but it Jifappeared prefcntly, and
left them in fomc uncertainty, till about two the nent
mttrning. When P.odcric dc "Iriana, of the Pinta, gave
the fiijilal agreed on, being then at the diftancc of two
leagues from the (hor'e. When day-light appcar«d,
they found it to be an ifland about 15 leagues in
length, the ground level, covered with trees anil
verdure, a lake of good water in the niiddh;, and well
inhabited. This proved to be one of the Lucayos,
which was Called Guanahani by the natives, but to
which Columbus gave the name of San Salvador -.S*" SaWadot
landing herewith his men in fight of a multitude of the '''f"""*'
natives, who ftood on the ftiotr in filent admiration :
he took pofleifEmi Of the place in the name of their
Catholic Majefties.

Perceiving the ptraple to be 6f a peaceable and
fricnJ.y difpofition, he made them fome fmall pre-
fents, and afterwards began to barter with them, ex-
changing glafs beads and fuch toys, for fruits, parrots,
fpun cotton, and more valuable things. The Indians
were naked, of amiddlcfize, and olive complexion, but
iMintett according to their particular fancies. 7 hey had
fmall plates of gold hanging at their nollrlls, which
they laid came from a laud to the fisuthward, where
that precious metal was to be foiind in abundance.
Thefe Indians took the Ihips fbi'llviog creatures, re-
verenced the Span'irds as lupcritM' beings, and being
totally ignorant of ihe ufe of iron and fuch kind ^
Weapons as their new guifts wore, they innocently
laid their hands on the edges of thofc ^ord« that
were afterwards employed in the deftrutSion of fuch
numbers of their countrymen.

The intelligence the Spaniards had received con-
cerning a country where gold abounded, contributed
to haftcn their departure from San Salvador, from
whence they accordingly fet fail on Sunday the 15th
of OAober, and at the dlftance of feven leagues, dif-
trovercd an iRand which they called St. Maria de la
Concention, where every thing fo nearly refembled CoietpticA.
what they had feen at St. Salvador, that they did not
think fit to make any long ftay there, hut weighing
anchor in the 17th proceeded wcftward, where they
found another ifland, which was bigger than the two
, former.

Tern
Ifabc

Cuh

i'::

Spain trailing 10 tlic tndiii, to drcid« iMitcrt tclating to ihofe

■tint. And that he Oiould have one «inth of all tkatwru

bnuitliti bartered for, or tuiuid' tritkirf'Shd HmitaaC hk'ad-

' miraliy, ovcrnd above th^faVy and pee^ttiOieicf kit ca*

pinyifleat." Due tu fiicw lUi be wai williiic 10 veotura fome-

ihing on bit own tetOdnt, 'oB'enniliiion arnrtlng the eigbtla

pan of what he miglM^ brtr^ home in lii<-<lNtt' Itrkfmd 10 lie

M the eifthth'pan of-ili< Mtpcnct of th« uadwoklig. TWe

were Ugh dfii(||«di,.lniiiltejMtanlfc«iaa la hi«-» beta adeqaiae

to ib(<ie,enalt^whi<lv are fpniut recitcl and^ uranttdby their

CaiKblirWiJillia^M' Avii ijirittal ifti't hit (enin Ira* bi^

6rrt Taj'aic.

CHRISTOPHER COLUMDUS.

hninctiiii,
IftUllt.

Cub*.

he i(*mira|
fcovcrt laud.

n Salfidot
Isortni.

■i^;

ciptico.

former, whort the women wor^ fliort coats of cotton,
rraching from their navcU to the mid-tliiuh, whicli
was the whole of their drcfs. To this the admiral
rave the name of Fernandiiia ; and departing from
tncnpe, -lifcovcrcd another, which he called Iliibella ;
Chcfe two latter appellations being given in honour of
the king and queen of Spain. And he fct fail as foon
M he bad k'vncd itsprodutS^ and the manners of the
people, Wt chufing to fcend any more tin\e ainongft
■Hands which he found <o nearly fimilar to each other,
i'he licet next proceeded to Cuba, where the
Spaniards cxpcAcd to get farther intelligence con-
cerning tlic gold which was the principal objcft of
their lewch. Two Chriftians were fent with two
Indians, the one from St. .Salvador, and the other
^em tlut country, to fcarch the ifland. On their
return they reported that they had fcen a town con-
lilting of »bout fifty houfes, where they were well
treated, the new guefts being reverenced as deities by
the people. _ Here they faw cotton growing, as alio
many ftrange birds and trees, and an animal refcm-
))lin£ a dog, but which could not bark. I'he Indians
Ijcing oucRioned whether they had any gold or pearls
in their country, made figns that plenty of thofc
commodities was V> he found in a place called Bohio,
and Columbus following their diredlions as well as he
could underftfind them, having feizcd twelve of the
natives, tri carry them with them to Spain, fteered
caftward till he reached the ifland which is now called
jHifpaniou, from the Spanifli appellation of Efpag-
nola, given it by theadmintl.
„, . , This ifland is about fixteen leagues diflant from

Krpaiuoli. Q,^ ,|jj firjt pjyt of ^hich CoFumbus called St.
Nicholas, becaufe he anchored there on the feftival
of that faint. Here he took a young woman, whom
they treated well, ai)^ who proved very ferviceable
to them ^afterwards, and the natives having a high
.opinion of the 3p3niards, who had hitherto treated
tncm yvcll, the new comers ftill found thcmfelvcs
honoured aivl .refpe£led wherever they came A
ipuflcipal cacique, called Guacanaeari, conceived a
^fong^edion for. his new guefts, which he difplayed
on fcvecal occafions, efpccially by ordering all pof-
fihle .ai&ftsnce to be given to Columbus when
jbme of bis iqiiriners through ignorance had run one
•f the {^ravels upon the flats. Another veflel, which
Wtf commanded by Alonfo Pinfon, had left him
while at Cuba,.and gone in fcarch of Hifpaniola be
foj-e him, underftanaing that there was gold to be
. found there, the arfatm flure of which he thought
. to fequre to himftif by this proceeding. Neverthefefs
the adipiral, when he met rum afterwards at fea, did
4l0t.held.it prud^t to tjdce notice of what had paflcd,
hut chofe to accept e-tcufes which he could not bc-
liave, r^itherth^n to enter into any altercation with
.him upon the fubjc£l. In the mean while both parties
had c:arricd jpn a gainful trafl&c, receiving gold and
.other things.of yalyein exchanse for glafs beads and
fuch fort of tQ}'s, with which to^fe people were par-
ticularly delighted.

As the iflanders had exprefled great fears of the

neighbouring Caribbees, whom they reprcfented as

fierce cannibals, the Spaniards formed a good excufe

for b.uildine a fort in their country, which was gar-

ri/i)iied with 38 foldiers, who were left there by way

T** "'I* ^P?" of prQte£ling them againft the invafions of thefe fa-

SwWtftYn!" *»8" > «•<• 'h"* ^" firft colony, was planted at the

dits. V'^ which they called the Nativity, becftufe they had

firll landed there on Chrifftnas day.

On Friday, the. 4th of January, the admiral fet

£iil fro.m , the illand, and' bemg joined by the Pinta,

.fitfic^eifid to fume other capes and harbours, and

.Junong the reft, being near the place called the Lo-

ver't Cape, he met with feme fierce Indians, witN

.vthoinliTs inenhail a (kumlfli, which terminated ti)

f the.advaittage.of the. ||ttiQpc>*i whofe weapon*

xottU: not Iw nfiAed lt|! a peniple vmcd only witH

^ It ■ B, 'Giub»aiid4i«iwsand«iToir«,Mfi.]2no(antortheufe.af

CoHo de Fie- • -j-a thi, place »he» jjave dw .mmie of Golfo ds

Flechaf , or the gulf of mm*, hut the,.li4*fi>».«al|fd

it Samana.

From hence Coliimhus departed on the if)ti\ dav of i.;-_^
the fame month, fctting fail for Spain, Imt Intcre '— — ^^ — ■*
he could reach the A'/.orts was ovcitakiii by a viuliiit
dorm, in which, on the 24th oT February, the cT.ra-
vcl Pinta was fcparated from the admiral, whofe nun
iKgan again to murmur, provifum falling lliortj and
his veflel being fcarctly able to weather the tcmpifl'
which a few days afterwards drove him to St. Mary%,T| ^. n,i,.,:,,i
one of the Azores, where lie calt anchor, on the lamK at il t
l8th, after havin;; fudered as much by difeafc as bv .\.:ou>.
the violence of the llorm, during the continuaiiro of
which he hail thrown his paper:; over buard, In onlcr
that the account of his difcovcries might not be lolt
though the vclFel which carried him might have
foundered. The admiral and his men renitinbering
that they had m.idc a vow in their diftrefs to go baie-
footed in their Ihirts to fomc church dedicated to the
blclfcd virgin, at the firft land they made, were all
refolvcd to jKrforin it at this Ifland. To this they
were yet more induced by the friendly profeflions of
the people who were fubjeiSs to a prince In alliance
with the king of Caflile. Half the (hip's crew cm-
barking in one of the boats for this purpofc, had but
juft landed, when the eovernor attended by a num-
ber of people, who had lain in ambulh for that pur-
pofe, rulhcd out upon them, and, contrary to honour
and the laws of nations, feizcd and made them pri- Hit iieople
foncrs, taking care alfo to ftcure the boat to prevent ft.itd »t St.
the poflibility of their return. But the admiral ^'"y'*.
brought his Ihip round to a point from whence tTic
church might be difcerncd to which th? Spaniards
had intended to make their proccflii'i. Here he came
to an anchor, and demanded his men and boat,
which were refufed him ; but as he perfcvcred in his
refolution, and, though forced out to fea by the wind,
returned, uflng threats as well as perfuaflons, he at
laft obtained them, with many afluranccs of fricnd-
fliip from thote dilTcmblers, on his producing their
catholic majefties commiflion.

From hence he failed on the 24th day of February, .

and was foon after overtaken by another ftorm as
dreadful as the former, on which account the Spaniards
made a lecond vow, in cafe of being delivered, to fend
one of their people on pilgrimage to our Lady dc
Cinta, at Guelva, and the lot fell upon the. idmiral.
In the end they were forced upon the rock o, Lilboii,
and he found himfclf obliged to put in at that port,
where the Portuguefe much admired at the prtferva-
tion of his veflel from the fury of the fighting ele-
ments. Here the captain ofaguard-lhip interrogated
him very clofely, but at laft was fatisficd with feeing
the letter which he brought from the king and queen
of Caftile, to whom he had immediately difpatchcd
an exprefs, giving an account of what had hapjicncd
fince his departure from Palos. In the mean time the '^•

king of Portugal, fent for the admiral, and obfervcd,
that having been formerly in his employ, the difco-
vcries newly made belonged of right to him. Co-
lumbus anfwering that he knew of no fuch agree-
ment, theking faid he doubted not but juftice would
be done, and fo the matter dropped ; and the admiral
was afterwards mod courteoufly entertained, and had
the oiFer of being fafely conveyed over land to Spain,
whichhowevcr he chofe to decline. Setting fail from
Lilbon on Wcdnefday the 13th of March, Tie arrived ^

on the Friday following, at the Port of Palos, from
whence, as the reader may remember, he had departed Arrivti at

on the 23d of Auguft in the forcgoins year

Thus did Columbus accompli(h his firft voyagr,
lay the foundation of the Spanith empire in th6 weft
Indies, and mark out a way for the difcovery of
that New World, to which he had not even the honour .
of giving a name. Marked out as he was by provi-
dence and nature for a perfeverinK and much enaurine
man, he Had fiairce arrived in Spain before he percdvM
the firft .appeaiapce of that'malice which afterwards
putfuedhl'P^'' afuccefltonof years, and contributed
to render uneafy the life which he was fo willing to
fpend in promoting the honuur and advantagcof a proud
andthntUcftnilitMi. ' o

a Thofc

Falgt.

k..

■%

SECOND V0YAG6 Ot

T'liolc \'c:'y people who had laughed at his projcA
' and atlcilUd to treat him as little better than a mad-
man, at fooit a.', the^ heard of his Aiccef:!, pretended
to makccxtrenu'ly li^htof .it, faying that he had done
no iiiorc than any pilot might have pctformed, and
that on the whole, he was rather forwarded by chance
than (kill in his boallcd expedition.

But their Catholic Majcftics at this time appeutd
to have adopted another opinion. They received him
ill the mod honourable niajiner, and (hewed himcvcrjr
pol)ible mark of diftinftion*. Yet, that he had fe«ict
k-ncniics about the court, was a circumftance which
he dill fufpcQcd, nnd which proved too true in the
fcquvl. Among thrfc was the bifliop of Burgos, a
man of a narrow mind and envious difpofitior.. I'his
ecclcfiallir, having from the firft ihcwn himfdf ini-
mical toColumhas and his undertaking, was ; .uJy to
burft with malice at his fucccf;, and refolvcd for ever
to thvrart the man whofe genius was fupcrior to his
own t.

Thcfe difcoveries, however, wtrc r vtn then drcnifd
of fo much importance that their Catholic Majeftics
thought proper to apply to the Pope for a bull to con-
firm their right in them, which was accordingly
gnuited in a very ample manner, thoush not without
occafMnine the king of Portugal to lignify his dif-
pleafure. But at length, ceruin wticlct were agreed
on, and eaftern and weftcrn iimin fixed by the con-
lirntof both crowns, and the approbation of the court
of Rome I the circumnavigation of the globe, vhich
muft ncceflarily midcr all fuch limits v:iin, being a
matter of which neither party had an idi-a, though it
fccms lomething of this kiii'd fug^flcd itfcif to the
more '■xienfive genius and iinderAanoing of Columbus.

Letters patent were now granted to the admiral in
the name of Kerdinaiid and Ifabella, confirming his
privileges, and it was rcfulved that he (hould return
with a ileet to Hifpaniola, to reinforce the Spanifli
colony planted there, and to complete the rcduttion of
the iflands.

.'\'

it' J

THE SECOND VOYAGE OF CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS.

', TjREPARATIONS ncceflary for the undertaking

X being mado) Columbus fut fail from Cadiz on
llVednefday the 35th of September, on his fccood
voyage ; and, on the 2d of Octubcr came to Gran Ca-
naria, from whence the fame night he failed for Go-
mera, where he arrived on the 5th, and tw o days af-
' terwards proceeded on his voyage to the Indies, hav-

ing appointed the general rendezvous, in cafe of fepa-
ration, at the port of the Nativity, in Hifpaniola.
In his way he difcovcrcd Marigalante, Guadalupe,
Mitifrilinte, Antigua, and other of the Weft India iflands, and
fiu«JiUi[K:, hearanew* of the continent before he reached Hifpa-
<nii Antieua niola, though that was the firft port at which he in-
UilcortrcJ. tcjedtoland.

But when the admiral arrived there, he found afFairs
. in a fituation far different from that wherein he had
left them. On the Spaniards firfl fending their boat
on fliorc, they foand fey the anfwers returned to the
enquiries it was natural for them to make concerning
their countrymen, that the colony of the Nativity
was no more ; on this they fufpeued fome treachery ;
but Columbus c'hofc to take no notice of what was
told him, till there fliould be proof fulKcicnt cither to
confirm or overthrow his fufpicione.

The fleet coming to an anchor in the port on the
Thurfday following, they found their ftttlement
abandoned, the town burned, and the dead bodies of
feveral Chriflians lying in the neighbouring fields ;
nor could they for fome time find any Indians from
whom to gain intelligence, as the lutives conffauttly
fled, till at leneth they met with the brother of Gua-
cananri (the friendly cacique already mentioned) at
the head of a party, from whom they learned, that
foon after the departure of the admiral, the Spaniards
began to quarrel amone themfelves, bcine almoft ;kll
equally covetous of goM, and defiroui of having as
many women as pofnble ; that two of them having
flzin one of their fellows, went over to Caunabo, a
fierce cacique, who killed them, together with nine
mhers that had accompanied them in their flight |
^' The Spaniudi that fome time after Caunabo, by night, furpriccd
.IcfcuHifp*- thefbiT, burning the houfcs of the Chrimans, who fled
niola dcflroy- towards the fea-more.and fome were drowned and others
"'* died liy famine or difeaA on (hore. As a confirma-

tion iH the truth of (hit report, they found the ca-
cique hiasfelf fo ill that he could not leavt hit houfe.

• Whca Columbu came to hhn, KnOa (whol* vtflcl had
Wen icparued rrom the •ilmiril't ia 8 flana) Ma( airimd
M GalUcM, would liavi attenikd on the king aad qana, bat
they lUolnttly fcilwd bin to come to court widMW hi* coai>
maadoT, as which he rctamed to hii aatirt couatryi where
ha is faid A have died of grief for bis fa much dcfetmd 4U^
point mcnt.

t Tbt ftory which is related af COluabnt's nptl^wat viA

: k

he and feveral of his men having been wounded \a •

defence of the Spaniards. Thefe misfortunes deter-
mined Columbus to feek fome other place upon the
idand, where he might plant a colony, being little fa-
tisfied with fuch a difafirous beginning.

With this refolution, he left the Nativity in the be- .;

ginning of December, after having completed the
converfion of Guacanagari to the Chriftian Aith ; and
anchoring at Monte Chrifto, foon after proceeded to
a place \vhere there was a town of Indians. Landing
on a plain near a rock, where be thought a fort might
conveniently be ereA«i, he founded a town, which
he called Iiabella, in compliment to her Catholic
Majcfty. Soon after the admiral fell fick, and fome
of his men entered into a confpiracy to revolt
from him, but the intended confpiracy was difco- y^ eonrinracr-
vered, and the rineleadcr fecured. In the mean time
having received intelligence of tiie gold minet of
Cibao, he fent Alonfo de Hojeda with a party to ex-
plore them. This indefittigable man brought a fii-
vourable account of the countrv, confirmins that
report, on which, when Columout recovered from
his ficknefs, having taken proper precaution for pre-
venting the diforders which might othcrwife arife in
his abfence, he himfelf fet out at tliehead of as many
men as could be fpared from the charge of the town
and the defence of the fhipping, in order to penetrate
into that provincr, and happily efl'eAed his defigni
meeting with much civility mm the Indians. Pafs- '
ing over the mountains in tbt middle of March»
Columbus cnteffd Cibao, and, in a ftrong and plea- ,— , . ,
fant fituation cauicd a fort to be ctcaed, which he I?,''/-R£.'^
called the Caftle of St Thomas, where he placed ""^
fifty-fix men is garrifon, under the command of Don
Peter Margerite. I'hcn he fet out upon his return to
IfUbella, which he reached on Sunday the 29th of
March, where the Spaniardt found melons already
ripe, though it was but two months fince the ffcd was
put into the earth. Within twenty days cucumbers -^

came up, and a countryman gathered wheat ears the
the next day, though the corn had been fown only in < ■'' -
the latter end of January. , ■• '»

In April that year, the admiral lent a re-inforce-
ment to St. Thomas's Caftle, it being reported that
tlie natives meditated an attack upon the finrt. But
this fuccour prevented themj and in the mean time

feveral.

>,
« 1,1

an egg, which, when none canld Maprigh* aa its Unk tad, he
accooiplilked by cracking ihelWIi, BMy btvt to iMwthatho
didoM want for ready wh. Iliis bchg iccoaipUfcBd, allia ih«
nauMBy laughed, crjlag that it was a« man ibia any body
■aigltMTe done, « Vet, (Ijud ih* admiial) astav bodycia
" fiad the way ta ihtatw «er l4 b at it it bMWifc I hirafilft
« fl««r«4 it tbcat.'*

; S . . ■* 'I

■ M *m

"^ft^

CHRIStOPrtER GOLUMBUS;

Oatn)^ of

Ike iQuidcrii

ftreral Indian* being taken prifoners, were put in
irons and fcilt to Ifabclla, for having plundered the
Chriftian!!, but Columbui releafed them at the inler-
ceffion of a friendly caciqiie, in order to conciliate
the aiicAions of his countrymen. In the mean time
he alfo appointed a council to govern the ifland, at
the head of which he placed his brother James, and
then fat out upon freth difcoveries.

His firft objca wm Cuba, for which he proceeded
on the 24th of April in the afternoon, and after
having failed along the coaft, went over to Jamaica,
where the Spaniards being threatened in a hoJh e
manner by the Indians, repulfed them with miffile
weapons from their boats, after which fome canoes
coming on b«ird, furniftied them with provifions
in a peaceable manner. Neverthelefs, the admiral
thought proper again to return to Cuba, which all
this while had been mUhkcn for the continent 5 and
the fleet came to a point, which they called Cabo de
Sanu Cruz, or of the holy crofs, after which, failing
along the coaft they met with very tempettuous wea-
ther, and were not a little incommoded and endanfrered
by the flats and fmall iflands. The admiral ftill held on
his courfc, without ftopping till he came to one of
them rather larger than the reft, where he landed,
naming it St. Mary. Here was a town which all the
Indians deferted on the arrival of theChriftians, fothat
finding nothing remarkable there except fome par-
rots, and certain birds, of which none knew the
name, as was the cafe on moft of the other iflands,
they refumed their courfe, and arriving at Cuba,
tooK an Indian, who came in a canoe to barter for
provifions. This man told them it was an ifland,
and gave them fume farther account of the country.
From hcncr, provifiuns running fliort, Columbus in-
tended to fail immediately for Hifpaniola, but after
enduring much ficknefs and fatigue, was forced back
to Jamaica, where he was obliged to ftay fome time
before he could accomplilh his dcfign. At laft, how-
ever, he attained his end, and arriving at Ifahella,
there found his brother Bartholomew Columbus, who
had been fent to the Englifh court to treat with King
Henry VII. concerning tlie difcovery of the Indies,
which, as he was on his return to Spain, he found
had already been difcovercd. The admiral appointed
him governor, in order to relieve himfl-lf in fome
meafure from the great fatigue which his change oc-
cafioned ; but notwithftanding this meafure, he found
hinifelf involved in much trouble, for the Indians had
revolted, and Don Peter Margerite, who had been
left with near 400 men to command St. Thomas's
Caftie, and keep the province of Cibao in obedience,
had returned to Spain, becaufe he could not bring the
council left by the admiral at Ifabella, under the
controul of his abfolute authority. On his departure
all the men under his command feparatcd, every one

?;oing whither he thought proper, and committing
uch outrages, that the Indians who found themfelves
opprefled beyond meafure, began to eftecm thofe as
infernal dxmons, whom on their (irft arrival, they
had honoured as divinities. The confequence was,
that wherever the natives could conveniently light on
a fingle Chriftian, or furprife a fmall party, they put
them to death without mercy. Columbus indeed at
his return puniflied many who had been concerned in
fuch proceedings, but tl'tis meafure WM fo far from
anfwering the end propofed, that a general revolt en-
fucd. Of four caciques, by whom the ifland was
governed, three declared againft the Chriftians, but
the fourth (Guacanagari) continued in the intereftof
Vol. I. N" ».

• All the inhabitants of Cibaa upward* of fourteen yeart
old, wheie the gold raiiiei were, engaged to pay a Urge hocfc-
Ull full of f;oId dull, and all the ren twenty-live pounds of
cotton each, tickeii Lcine given tu fuch as pcrrormed the con-
ditioii, in order that pUDillunent might U iiiHiaed on thofe who
rcfufed or acgUaed u> fubmii to this ioipofition. It may be
nnarktd bai* that howtvtr nraderate the cooduA of Colunbut
might appear in comparifon with that of foow fuccecding con-
q<«ron in the new world, Vet at it wai plain that hit aim wat
cooqueft, thii circumltance, together trith the infolence of the
•faaiatdi, might weU jiiOify the iflaadsrs ia tbs ttfiatnct of

the Chriftiansi It was natural to think that Colurti- 1497

bus cultivated his frieiidfliip at this critical juncture, *" ■•■>—•'
and indeed he took him with him when he I'ai uut
to give battle to the Indians. The latter met the
Spaniards as men fecure of conqueft, their numb.-r
amounting, according to the Spanlfh account, tu no
lefs than 100,000 men, while Columbus hail with
him but 200 Chriftians, 20^ horfesj and 20 do^s. '1 lii^
fmall body of Spaniards being divided into two bat-
tnlions, the one commanded by the udmtr.it, and
the other by the lieutenant, attafkcd the enemy
in dilFerent places at the fame time, and fuoii having
broken them with a difchargc of their crol's-bows,TliclM!i«r.i
immediately the horfe charged them, and the tiogsi'-'^''''''
fell furiouily upon the unwieldy multitude, and put
them entirely to the rout. What followed was only
the purfuit of a number of poor fearful Wretches,
whom the viflorioUs Spaniards killed or took pri-
foners at pleafure. Caunabo, who had Airprifed the
town of the Nativity on Columbus's firtt departure
from the ifland, being among the captives was fent
to Spain together with his brother , and this tiefeat fo
much difpirited the Indiana, that the country was
foon reduced to obedience, and all the inhabitants
promifed to pay tribute to their Catholic Maiellics.*

The Spaniards fay, that when they had reduced
the ifland, and become thorouirhly acquainted with
the natives, they found their religious opinions to be
made up of a heap of abfurdities. Columbus obferves,
that all the devotion he could perceive they paid was lidian woii
to their Cemies, or houlhold gods, each of their P»i> ■" ''>°
chiefs having a houfc apart, in which nothing was to''^'""''"
be found but certain wooden images fo called, and
what was devoted to their fervice.

Thither they ufed to repair, as to a temple, to
perform certain ceremonies. There they had a roun^
table formed like a dilh, on which lay a kind of
powder that they put on the head of the Cemi, after-
wards fnuffing it up their nofes and muttering foine-
thing to themfelves. When they refortcd to the
Cemies, they fliunned the Chriftians, and frequently
buried their idols in the woods, left they (hould be
deftroyed. Thcfe images they were report<sl to ftca!
from each other, and by means of fome of them, the
caciques praflifed many impofitions. Once it hap-
pened that fome of the Spaniards rufhing into a houfe
where there was a Cemi, the idol on a ludden fecmed
to make a loud exclamation in their language : but
the Chriftians fufpefting fome fraud, immediately
overthrew it, when they found it was hollow, and by
means of a trunk which entered it, a man from a
dark corner of the houfe fpoke whatever the cacique
ordered him j the latter hndiiig the fraud dcte£led,
defired the Chriftians not to mention the matter to
his fubje^s, as he confclTcd that by means of frauds like
this he was bcft enabled to fecure their obedience,
and collect a tribute from the people. Thefe caciques "^^^ fuf erfti-
thus afluming in fome meafure the prieftly charaAer, "'"'•
were accordingly reverenced in a double capacity.
The iflanders hati alfo their jugglers and necromancers
who pretended to talk with the dead, and held a num*
ber of ftrange fables relative to the origin of mankind,
with many others concerning metamorphofes, which
they believed to have happened in former ages ; but
all in general believed the immortality of the foul,
which they fuppofe, after death to go to a certain
neighbouring country, from whence it frequently re-
turned and haunted thofe perfons and places with
which thedeceafed when living was beft acquainted.
All things being fettled at Hifpaniola, Columbus
D fet

which the conqueror, complaiaed. Indeed if we refer to Co-
lumlmi'k chiraclirr of tlit Indiant he firft met with on this
ifland, xvc Ihall incline to think they had hard meafures dealt
iliem. After man v other encomiNms on tliem, he adds, " They
'• love their ncighhourt as themrdves 1 and their convcrfatinn it
" tlie fwectcft in the uuiverfe, being plcafant, anil always finiU
" ing. Surely it mull ret^uire a great degree of provocatioa to
render people of fuch a difporition implacable enemies. TIds
eharaOcr given of them by the firft diftove»er, will ever remain
a lafting taftimony againft the Spaniards, who at laft treateil
them with I barbarity that cvea lavagji would blulh at.

l+>>«

The atlmi

nri ivus in

Rnl.Ur.'s re-
bellion.

-h

THIRD VOYAGE OF

Tit lUil for Spain on the loth of March, touching .it
CT'j.iJalu|)e in his vrny, where the Spaniards had a
(kirniilh with loine fierce Indian women } and from
what tht-y law when they came on (here, concluded
the inaiiJiLs to he canibalsj fu making no Kay there,
they dipartcd for Spain, where they arrived in the be-
ginning of June, wlion provifions were crown fo
1^ .iri-i' 1)11 l)uard the fleet that fome propolol eating
the Indians, and others were for throwing them over-
board 1 all this the admiral by his prudence prevented,
and hrou!;ht them all fafe to land, together with In-
dian birds, bcalls, and plants, various kinds of in-
Itruinents and ornaments, and what was ftill more
valued, fainples of gold which the new world pro-
duced, and which was the I'ouicc of fo much mifery
to the wretched natives, thoufands of whom the
Spaniards afterwards obliged to work in their own
mines to fatisfy the avarice of their imperious nialUrs.

C»lumbus iir)mcdiat>j|y on his landing prepared t<i
fet out for Uurgos, whcro he was received with every
mark of rcfpcct by,t|icii Catholic Majeftics, who had
indeed the grcatelt rtalMi to confer honoiiis and fa-
vour upon the man that had Uvn thus indefatigable in ji;, ifccpiioa
their fervice, and alieady laid the foundation of their «cuu;t.
empire in countrius, the very exigence of which had
been quelHoned,

The admiral having fatisficd the king and queen of
the ftate wherein he left Hifpaniola, preflld to be fent
out again with all convenient fpeid, which w.is pro-
milcdaccordijigly. Yet it was not till February, in
the year 1498, that he obt.iined two fliips to be fent
out undc-r the command of I'etcr Fernandez Co-
ronel, while he himfelf llayid Kliind foliciting for a
fleet projvr for his return, and waiting the ncct (T-iry
orders relative to the government of the Spanifli ac-
quiiitions in the Weft Indies.

THE THIRD AND FOURTH VOYAGES OF CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS.

THOUGH Columbus fpared no pains either in
his felicitations at court, or his preparations for
faa, he could not get all in readinefs till the month
of May, when he fet fail from the Bay c^ St. Lucar de
Berrameda with fix fliips loadetl with neceffaries of
.ill forts for Hifpaniola. On his way he retook a
Spanilh vcfTel from three French fliips which had made
a prize of her : he afterwards failed to Madeira, and
the Cape Verd iflands. In his courfe from thence to
Hifpaniola, he difcovcredan ifland which he called by
the name of the I'rinity, and afterwards the Conti-
nent itfclf, where his men going on fliore found the
natives to be a civil and obliging people, but ftaid not
long enough to come intimately acquainted with their
manners, the admiral being in halte to ftand over for
Hifpaniola, whither he had already difpatched three
fliips with orders to make the beft of their way, and
where on his arrival, he found that his prcfence was
much wanted.

In his abfence one Francis Roldan, whom he had
left chief jufticc, but fubfervient to his brother the
lieutenant James Coltmibus, growing jealous and
envious of James's authority, took advantage of the
ill temper of the people when the Spanifli provifions
failed, and they who were not accuftomed to what
would well fupport the Indians were feized with
divers difeafes, to demand the launching of a caraval
which was left ready to fend to Sp.-.in, in cafe of
neceflity. This Don James would not confent to,
urging the want of tackling and other very weighty
objeftions, on which an open infurrcilion was raifcd,
and the Indians were invited to join the rcvolters.
At one time they plotted to (lab the lieutenant, at
:inother to maflacre the chriflians ; and thus the ifland
was once more thrown into fuch confufion as much
aftonifliedthc admiral, who on his arrival found not
tlie three fliips which he had difpatched before him.
Thefe vefTcls had put in .it Xaragua, where the in-
furgents were who had inveigled many of the Spaniards
to join them, th.it coming afterwards to'St. Domingo,
Columbus got intellipenre of all that had paficd, and
taking care to put all tliinqs there in a Itate of de-
fence, fet on font a treaty with the chief rebel, as
he found his paity very powerful, and was willing
if portiWc to reflore peace in Wis'gtly^rnmcnt. This
treaty met with tnany obftriictions, as Roldan was con-
tinually altering his mind, nt one time demanding
veflels to carry hijtn* and his followers to Spain, at
another Tcfolvtn'g to remain on the ifland. Affairs,
however, were at laft fettled by the prudence of the

' The Mims ajrecd uixin, were, " I. That filtcen ot llic rc-
" vnltcrs (houl.l 1« f«nt m Spain by the firll Oiipt. II. Tint
•• larils anil lioiifis fliouM lie given to tiiofe that reiminerf, for
<■ tlicirpay III. That proclamaliun Oisuld be made that all

admiral, who having made many conccflions • to his
opoonent, the latter returned to his duty.

But fc.-ucely was this matter concludetl, when A-
lonfo de Ojcda, who had been out upon dilirovcric!-,
arrived and began ftirring up the people again to a
revolt, which was fuppreffctl by Roldan, who now
aiEted for tlie admiral, and this revoltcr was forced to
quit the ifland, after which one of his partifans, who
had laid a plot to ftab RoKlan, was hanged, and others
imprifoned. Thus all things promifed the refloratiou
of peace, the Indians lubmitting, aiid the Spaniards
fintiing the mines fo rich, that a private man was
known to dig up 40 ounces of gold in a day, one
third of which was refcrvcd for the ufc of their Ca-
tholic M.ijcftics.

But while thefe things were pafling in Hifpaniola,
the court of Spain was perpetually urged by tlie
murmurs of the people at home to fuperfede the
admiral in his command. Thefe murmurs were
excited by the falfc accounts the rebels had fent of
Hifpaniola ; and at length their defign fucceeded fu
well, that their Majeitics fent thither Francis de
Bovadilla, a poor knight of the order of Calatrava,
with full power to enquire into all things, and if he
found Columbus guilty of what he was charged with,
to fend him to Spain, and remain there himfelf as
governor. Arriving at St. Domingo at the latter end
of Auguft, when the admiral was abfent, he took up ,

his quarters in the palace, fuperfeded him in the go-
vernment before he faw his face, and then com-
manded him to repair to him immediately ; at the
fame time, to Orengthcn his fummons, fending him
their Majcfties letter, which was in form as follows :

" To D. Chriftophcr Columbus, our Admiral Their Catho-
" of the Ocean. '■' Majdiie*

" We have ordered the Commcndary D. Frr.ncis '""'
" de Bovadilla, the bearer, to .ncquaint you with
" fome things from Us : We therefore defire you to
" give him entire credit, and to obey him. Given
" at Madrid, the 21ft day of May, 1499. ^

By commaijd of their Highnelles, ■>«k"'."'"'sf

Mich. Perez de Almazan. I, The King,

I, The Qiietn." ^

Columbus who was about returning to Spain,
attending according to this fummons, came with his ^

brother James to St. Domingo, when Bovadilla,
without any legal information, immediately ordered
them both to be put in irtms, and after having drawn
up the form of a procefs, in which all witnelfes were

heard

" ihit had happened was caufed by falle ruggcltioni, and through
" the fault of ill men. IV. That the adinital diould again ap-
" point RoldaDpcrpttual Judge."

th
Si

a«h>

CHRISTOPHER C O L U -Nf B U S.

hearJ oh the one fitle, and none on the othci , raiirt-J
them to be put on board ihip in their tetters, ;iiid thus
fcnt back to Spain •, wliirc Columbus, on his arrival,
wrote to their Majeftics from Cadiz, whocaulld him
to be relcafcd, anil fully cleared him from all the im-
putations thrown upon him by his enemies.* Yet
they did not think lit to re-inftate him in his govern-
ment, but font the commendary Nicholas do Ohenda
to fuperfcdc Bovadilla, and to do right to t . .'miral
who was to hedifpatchcd to make nev.- liiJ-ovirics.

For this purpole all due diligence was ufed in pre-
paration, and the admiral having requeUtd that
their Majefties would be plcafcd to (hi Iter liim from
all future malicious procclles they re-adured him
by letter 1 obfcrving tlint his inijirifoiiment had
been very difplcafing to them, and promifing him
all privileges and prerogatives grantnl before, which
they offered to renew, it ncced'ary, coneludinj, " And
" be allured that we will honour and favour you in
" greater matters. And be fatirilied that we will
•« take due care of your fons and brothers which
" ftiall be done when you are departed. We thcrc-
•' fore pray you not to delay your departure."

Thefc were the fair words and promifes which
Columbus was obliged to receive inftead of a re-
efebliftiment in his government, and the punifhment
rf thofc men who afterwards proved thcmfelves to
have defcrved as ill of the ftate as they had done of
him. However, being ilill willing to lerve the king,
and more particularly the queen of Spain, he fct lail
The «Jmir.ir«from Cadiz on the gth of May, to make further dif-
tlirj voyage, coveries on the coalt of the great American continent,
which the Spaniards then called Paria. The wiifd
proving favorable, the fleet reached almoft as far as
the Caribbee iflands without handing their fails.
Then (landing immediately for Hifpaniola, withaview
of changing one of his (hips which was leaky, when
Columbus lent his boat alhore to inform the commen-
dary, who h.id been difpatched to fuperfede Bovadilla,
of his purpofe, he found himfcif refufed entrance into
He is refufcil the harbour of that very town which he had C4ufcd to
entrincc into be built on an ifland that he had difcovered and taken
iheliarbour off^ rnuch pains to bring into fubjeition to the crown
St. Domingo, ^f g^^.^^

As he forefaw an approaching dorm, being thus
excluded from the harbour, he fcreened his vctiels by
lying as clofe under the land as poflible, notwithftand-
ing which, three broke from him, and were much
endangered, yet all met again the Sunday following.
But of the fleet then prepared to carry Bovadilla
home, which confifted of eighteen veflcis, not above
four were favcd, Bovadilla himfelf perifhing on board
the admiral's (hip, the governor having been impru-
dent enough to let them put to fca, though Colum-
bus, by his meflage had fignified his apprchenrioii of
the approaching temped.

Having repaired the (hips at Port Azuga, the fleet
holding on their courfe were carried by the force of
the currents among fomc fandy iflands near Jamaica,
and afterwards came to the ifle called CJuania, where
Columbus took a canoe as long as a galley, eight feet
wide, covered in the middle with an .twning of palm-
tree leaves, calculated to keep out the fun and rain.
He took what he thought moft curious out of this
canoe, and afterwards difmifl'ed the people all but one
ojd man, whom he kept till he had got what intelli-
gence he could, and ufed him to converfe with the
Indians wherever they came, after which he was
likcwifc lent away with prcfents.

Indcad oi failine towards the country fincc called
New Spain, the admiral now convinced that tlie con-
tinent, called Paria, mud be feparatcd from the ex-
tremity of the Ead Indies by a vad fea, concluded
from the courfe of the co.id, that it was likely there
might be fome dreigbt which would ferve as an inlet
to that ocean : he therefore decred towards Veragua
and Nombre de Diot, whecc ha conceived that dreight

* It appears that Columbus ftiU retiincil a fenfe of the un-
worthy treatment Ik liail received, as he ufetl to fay he wnulil
tlwt;i keep tliofc feitcri which had beta put on liiin at Hif-

muft be. TIserc was not, however, the dreipht fou;>iit t.)<)3

for, but an iKhmus or narrow neck of land, wliieli ' >— *-^

dilappointed him in his d^fign ; yet his curiofity was
greatly fatisiiid in l.iiliiuf along the coall, where h«
lound the people, in general, friendly, tr.iiitable, and
moded, but ignorant of the uli; of letters, running
away when they law any one make ufe of a pen and
ink, and feeinini;ly much addicted to the belief of iii-
ehanrnunts, anJluch fupeillitions.

Afi'T h.ivini; made fome difcovcries of this kind
upon the continent, coming at lad to the river Be-
lem, wliich the InJians called Vcbra, where he was
intormed the ^old mines of Veragua were, of which
he h.id liiard much during the voyage, Columbus
feiit his broth' r up that river with the boats to the •
town of Qiiiho, an Indian prince, who came down
in his canoe to meet them, and afterwards ventured
on board the admiral's diip. This cacique lent men
to guide .1 party if the Spaniards to fome gold mines,
with which they were well fati»fieJ, but it afterwards
ap|>carcd that tfiefe mines were not tliofe of Veragua
butof Uriraa neighbouring town in enmity with (jui-
bo, for which reafon he had caultd the thrillians to
be conductnl thither.

At length, after h.iving viewed the country, the
adcniral rtlbhed to build a town, and to plant a co-
lony on the banlcs of the river Beleni.

i'h,- jzreat rains, whichhad fufficiently incommoded
the Spaniards, being over, the mouth of tlie river
was lo choaktJ with fand, and fach a I'weil occa-
fioncd by that circumlUnce, that they were in theTI.e (li'r: in
grcated danger of being dallied in pieces by thciiilbcl..
w.ives. And, to add to thcirmisfoi'tunc, tliey jult then
difcovered, that Qiiibo, being difplcafed at th=ir
dclign of planting a colony in thofe parts, had rcfolv-
L-<l to dedroy them all. I'o prevent this delien, the
lieutenant going on ftiorc with 76 men, furpriVed him
at his own houfe, and took him, together with 30
perfons, conliding of his wives, rijations and depen-
dents, but the cacique being put into a boat bound,
efcaped by plunging fudJenly into tin- (ia, before tlw
Cliridiaiis could reach the fhip ; and being now more
drongly fet againd them than ever, as foon as he
perceived the Spaniards failing out of the river, ho
caufed an afliiult to he made upon the town. The new
fettlers were forced to retire to a place, where by
throwing up works, and planting a few cannon they
could better defend themfclves than in the flight
houfcs which they had built in that country. In the
mean time the crew of a boat which was fent on
(hore for frclh water was cut ofF, one man only ex-
cepted, who had efcaped to the town with the un-
welcome tidings.

While Columbus waited till the fca, which had
again been fvvclled, (hould fettle, hoping for an op-
portunity of fending another boat on fliore, to know
what had been the fate of the former, feveral of the ^

Indian prifoners, who had been fafely conveyed on
board the fliip, efcajKHl by fwimming, through the
careleflnefi of the failors, and the red hanged them-
fclves in dcfpair, becauie, being difcovered, they
were hindered from following their companions.
No hodages being now left on board, the admiral
had ever)- reafon to conclude that things went il),
but was tbmewhat comforted when he found that
fome of his men faid there would not be \vanting
thofe who would follow the example of the Inuians,
and fwim to the fliore, if the remaining boat were
permitted to carry them as far as where the water did
not break. This bein;T granted, one Peter de Ledef-
ma, a pilot, offered himfelf, and completed the under-
taking ; and Columbus, by his pieant, being in-
formed of the dedru£lion of the bosft's crew, and the a pilot fwiim
fad fituation of the remain* of his colony, refolved to on lliorc.
remain till the weather wrould permit his relieving
them. While he waited thus, it gie>v fo favourable,
that within eight days, by the help of the boat and

fome

paniola, at a reward of his ferriees t and tAuallv ordered them
10 he hung up in bis cjuunlicr, in«l to be buried witli him at
hit deccafc. a

THE VOYAGES OF

1505 foin« canoMt thofe on (how were got fak ofF. And
* V ' thus the new colony w«t abandoned, nothing facing
left behind but the hulk of anoldihipi which wailo
worm-eaten ax to be unfit for iervice.

The admiral dcfigncd for Hifpaniola, but by retfon
of winds and currenti, could not make that ifland.
He paired by the Tortugas, fo named from the tortoifcs
frequenting thofe fhores, after having weathered a
ilorm, and with much trouble kept hit vefleli above
water, came to an anchor firft at Cuba, and aftcr-
_. u wards at a port named Puerto Bona, in Jamaica -,

forcedTnwI«-^"*"8 "<> t***" '''*'*» ""' •"/ ''*''' *"*"» he pro-
maica. ceeded to a^iother harbour eaitward, where he ran

the leaky (hips a-ground, which were propped and
fliored up. The water coming almoft as hich as the
up|Kr decks, the admiral caufM ihedt to be liuilt on
the planks for the better (L-curity of himfelf and his
people in a country which wai not fubducd, nor at all
inhabited by Chriftians.

In this fituation he difpatched two perfons to Hif-
paniola to delire a (hip might be fent him with am-
munition and provifionit lit to tranfport hit people to
old Spain. At this voyage was undertaken in a canoe
built for the purpofe, the event of it '<n thofe fcas was
very uncertain. Some time after the mc(l(:ngcrs were
gone, numbers of the Spaniards fell fick, many of
thofe who were in health mutinied, and departed in
canoes upon the very fame voyage to Hifpaniola.
But for want of flcill thefe latter were obliged to re-
turn, after having thrown moft of the Indians over-
board whom they had taken to row them.

While the admiral lay thus deferted, to complete
his misfortune, the people of the country began to
In wintof bevery flack in bringing in provifions, which, when
proTifioai. he ob(erved, he had rccourfe to a ftratagem that extri-
cated him and his men from that difficulty. Recol-
lecting that on a certain evening there would be an
_ ,. .. eclipfc of the moon, he fent to call together the prin-
•tlipfe. ^"cipal perfons among the Indians, who being arrived,
he ordered the interpreter to tell them, that the God
of the Chriftians who had driven thefe rebellious
Spaniards back that had deferted him, was now angry
with them for not furni(hing his people provifions,
a token of which would appear the next nieht in the
heavens, when the moon would rife of a bloody co-
lour, and her brightnefs would be obCcured, as a fisn
of peftilence and Amine, with which he intended
to chahifc them. The Indians fufpcnded their belief
of this prediflion, till the time appointed, when per-
ceiving the eclipfe beginning as the moon rofe, and
the darknefs dill increafing, they came from all
parts loaded with provifions, vnd befeeching the ad-
miral to intercede for them with his God. Accord-
ingly he fliut himfelf up while the eclipfe lafted,
and when he perceived it was going off, came out
and told them he had prayfd to God for them, who
•* would caufe the moon to (nine forth again, and avert

the threatened judgments, if they would take care
never to oilend asain in like manner. This had the
defired tfk&, and there was no longer any reafon to
complain of the Indians want of care to fupply the
Chriftians with provifions while they remained upon
the ifland.

In the mean time Mendez and Fiefco, who had
been difpatched to Hifpaniola, ttta fuffering many

hardJhips rrnchcd a little rcicky ifland, whtfre -they Vo «'.;i! of
could find untiling but rain water, vvliitli, tinwcvcr, M**"'"* •"'
fc far relicvid them who Wi:rc iult pcrilhinij; tor thiill, ''"='"'•
fliiit in ihe evening of llmt ouy in<7 ccrrnlitcd their
voyage to HifpaniiSa, which tlis-y knew to be no mora
than tight leagues diftant. When tluv arrivtJ at tlic
neareft port, Mtndcz, thnush ill uf' an uj. uc, went
dirc^ly to the province of Aara^ua, whtru clic go-
vernor then W.1S i and Kicfco would hiivi- atiiriicd, as
he had in charge to acquaint llie admiral of the lui:-
ccfs of the vny.i<re, but the (iifticultici ami dangers
which ihcy liaJ fiift'crvd were fui.')i, that neither Iri' <
dians nor failors could accompany hij.i. .Vs to Mcu-
dex, all that he could obtain ot' the governor, ak.-.
long waiting and much liilicitation was only lc.iv<: :u
go lu St. Domingo, and thereto puixhafca (hiparJ
tit it out, with the admiral's own moncv, whiili v.'a>
accordingly doiio, and the vetl'el lent to Spain, to^^ire
an account to their Catholic Majeflies ol all that
happened.

A finall caraval which arrived one evcnine, caftii'g a ciraval ar-
anchor near the place where Colunibu!>'s (hips wircnvcs li<mi
run a-ground, brought the above acruuiit written hy Ilifptniula,
Mendez. The captain coming in his boat to vifit
the admiral, prcfciitud him with two flirehes of ba-
con and a calk of w ine from the eovernor )f Hifpani-
ola, but declinid to take any of^thc men on board,
and excufcd himfelf by faying that he could not take
them all ; then weighin» anchor, he ftood oft' to fca
again the fame night, ('he mutineers, whom Co-
lumbus thought the arrival of this veflil might have
Quieted, were lent to on this occafioii, and the mcl-
(enger carried fome of the bacon with him by way of
proof. Terms were offered thtin 1 but they prcrciukj
to believe nothing of what wai told them ;' they went
even fo far as to lay, in thiir wifdom, *' That the ap-
" pearanceofthe caraval was nothing but a phantom,
" as it was will Known, that the admiral dc;ilt in cn-
" chantments, for if it had been a ri'ul vcllel he aiid
" his brother would doubtlcfs have embarked in her."
In cfTei^i thefe unreafonabic men would not livnr of-
any terms, till at laft, coming down towards the (hip>,
they were engaged and dcl'ratcd by tiie lieutenant ;
then, by compullion, they fubmitted, and weie par-
doned, and permitted to r.-inge abroad on the ifland,
Columbus (ending them a commander to rcftrain them
within proper bounds, and detaining Porras, tliuir
leader, prifontr.

I'hus matters (lood when the (hip fitted out by
Mendcx with the admiral's money arrival, which tostc
on board, indifcriininately, all the Clirillian!;, and
carried them to Hifpaniola, where the ijovcrnor (hewed,
at before, evident marks of the duplicity of his con-
dud. On the 2d of iiepteiiiber the admiral left th«
ifland, and after experiencing much danger from
ftorms, arrived at length at the port of St. Lucardc
BerraoMda, fr«m whence, in May 1505, he fat out
for the court, where (Queen lubella his patroneli
being dead) he found the Catholic King endeavouring
to abridge thofe privileges which were oncu (o fix'cly
granted him. ilut before any new terms could be
(ettled, Columbus wearied out with toils, and vexed
with repeated difappointmcnts, expired at Valladolid,
on the 20th day of May, in the year, 1506.

THE FIRST VOYAGE OF VAS QJU E Z D E G A M A,

For the DlTcovery of a PafTage by Sea to the Eaft Indici.

HAVING given a recital of all the voyage* of
Columbus, which we thought it not proper to
interrupt by any other relation, at the motives of
them were fo evidently conneAed, we (hiril now pro-
ceei totho(e of Vafqucs de Oanuu whowM fent out
in the reign of King EmaniMl wt P«(tMg»l» tMfitd
3

a palTage to the Eaft Indict by fca, his grand objeft
being to double that Cape which Diaz hM fo luckily
difcovered.

Gama was already known for a man of refelution
and abilities, and ~one who po(rc(red a great fund of
knowledge in the art of navigation. Wiut three fnuril

fhlptt

VASQ,tJEZ D£ GAM A.

Ihips^ and 160 men, he failed from Bclcnijon Satur-
day the 8th of July, 1497 ; his little flut which was
' feparated fome time after, in a dark night, all happily

meeting again at Cape Vcrd. Uartholunicw Diaz, in
■ fmall caraval deftincd for La Mina, bore thrm com-
pany till the 3d of Auguft, when he returned towards
Spain, and Gama proceeded on his voyage of dilcovcry,
and after meeting with very tempeftuous weather, on
the 4th of November came to anchor at an illand
which they called St. Helena.

But finding that the Inhabitants of that ifle, who
had at firft allured them to land, had hoftile inten-
tions, having wounded the ceweral and fome of his
men, the Portuguefe returned the compliment with a
difcharge of crols-bows from their boats, and departed.
They came in fight of the Cape of Go<m1 Hi)|m: in the
evening of the i8th, but the wind being contrary,
they flood out to fca, turning again towards the Ihorc
■t night. And thus they tacked till the 20th, when
at laft they doubled that cape, and fn\ind themfelves
at large in the Indian Ocean, failing along a picafaut
and not unfruitful coaft.
AnCTs Jel Landing, on the 24th, at a place called Angra del

Bli^ Bias ; they were at firft kindly received by the people,

who, notwithftanding, meditated mifchief, and lay in
ambiJlh againft them, which the party on ftiorc per-
ceiving, marched towards their boats, from whence
being fuccoured^n engagement would have enfued, but
the Portuguefe not delmning tohurt any of the natives,
went on board, and only iired two pieces of ordnance,
which fo much affrighted them, that they drop|>ed
their weapons ; fome of the men, however, fetting up
a pillar with the King of Portugal's arms, it was im-
mediately pulled down by the negroes, who would en-
dure no fuch monument of that prince's claims tu be
creililed in their country.

After their departure from hence, they met with
fiormy weather, and on the nth of January, being
near land, along which they coaftcd for fome time,
at length two of the com|»ny (one of whom was
Martin Alonfo) were ordered to go on fhorc. Here
thev prefented the king of the country with a cap, a
jacket, and a pair of (lockings, with which, being all
red, his majelty was highly delighted ; they gave him
alfo a copper bracelet, though the country ubouiulcd
with that metal. The king having dilplayed this
amazing finery to his fubje£ts, invited Alonfo tofup-
per with him on a boiled hen and millet, and, in effect,
he and his people were fo obliging to the Chriffians,
that the general gave the place the appellation of The
knd if gotd peaph. They appeared extremely fond of
linen, which they were willing to purchafe at a high
rate. Their weapons were iron darts, and bows with
arrows o( that metal, and copper, as has been already
obferved, was plentiful among them. Their houfes
were but ftraw-thatched Iheds, yet not ill furniffied.
The proportion of the females to the males was two
to one in favour of the former, and both fexes ap-
peared to be equally obliging and tradlablc.

Having rcfreihed themfelves at this place, they
proceeded 50 leagues beyond Sofalda (ellcemed the
ancient Ophir) where Gama and Captain Coello, on
the 24th of January, went up a wide river in their
boats : here they found a people of a free and civil
difpofition, fome of the women were tolerably liand-
fome, and none lecmed at all furpiifed at the con-
ilru£lio(i of the European fhips, aflcrting, that ihey
had lecn velTels of as large fize, and giving their gueffs
to undcrffand that they were of a diffant country.
Two of their chief men came on board Gamu's Ihips,
where they were well regaled. On their return, they
fent down fome piece* of callico to be fold, feemed
very willing to traffic, and held a friendly corrcfpon-
dence with the Chriftians. Here Gama ereiled a
mark, and hit (hips were repaired, in order to pro-
ceed on their voya2e. But while they were thus
employed, numbm of the men Cell Tick, their bodies
Sjckncfi of tin being oloated, and their gumt fwclling and rotting
Psnuguefc. with an intol«nble ftendl. A* cutting was the
«nly cure, many died «f dw cwft^ueiucs of that
V.OL.L No. ««

operation. Ncvcrilivrlefs from tfic good receptioh 14Q8
the Portuguefe met with here, which Gama look-> ^ , »« ^
cd upon as a good omen of his future fucccfs, he
called this rirer Rio tit Buinos SinefSt or 'fht rivtr if
gtodfigm, which he left on the 14th of January.

Afterwards lliey fell in with leveral Klands, near
one nfwiiich they came to an anchor, when many of
the natives came oft' in their boats. I'liey were of a
black complexion) and cloathcd in cullico, having
tiirh.ins of filk wrought with gold on their heud^,
their weapons and manners relembling thofe of the
.VIoors, though they did not fcem at all willing to
pafs under that denomination^ They fpoke the A-
labic language, in which they informed the Portu-
guele, th.it the country belonged to a great king, and
that the ifland was called Mozambique, adding, that
the people carried oil -i. trade with the Moors o) India, ^ iczambiciur.
for precious Hones, fpices, and other articles of
caffern trade.

On this information, Coello, with the fmaliefl
fliip, failed up the harbour, to which he w.is con-
dudtcd by the natives, and anchored before the prin-
cipal town of Mozambique) which is fituatc in 15
deg. fouth lat. Gama found it inhabited by Moore^
trading to the Red Sea, in large ihlps without decks,
and i'on(lrui5tcd without nails, being fcwcd together
with the filaments of the cocoa tree. The houfes were
built with hurdles, and that of their chief had mud
walls. The inhabitants were Mahometans, the na-
tives of the continent blacksi The Portuguefe were
amazed to find that tlic mariners here had charts, and
made ufe of a compafs of a fqiiarc figure, to direct
them in their trading voyages.

As foon as all the llilps had entered the harbour}
the Scliiek and his principal people came to vifit the
Chrinians, whom they inillook for Moors, and were
afliduous in fending them provifions and prefents ;
but when Gama, in return, fent him brafs bafon<:,
coral, and hawks bells, he feemed much diflalis-
fied becaufc he had not been prefented with any
fcarlet. However, the Moors continued to treat
the Portuguefe with refpe<ft, till by fome queftions
that the Schick put to them, he found out his error,
after which he and his people thwarted them in every
thing. They had promiled Gama two pilot*;, but
having fent him only one, when he went in his boat
to demand the other, they endeavoured to entrap him
by perfuading him to come clofe into the harbour {
but the general fu<pei5ling treachery, fired upon them, Treachery of
and retreated to his Ihips, which were comiiij^ forward ilie ScliiJk.
to his affiftancr. Nor would the Schick afterwards
permit the fliips to take in water, till at lad the men
landed and took it away by force, and the general
being afl'urcd by a white Moor who came on board,
that the Portuguefe muft not expcdl any favour now
they were known to be Chriffians, Gama failed up, and
bringing his guns to bear, cannonaded the town, to the
great terror of the inhabitants, after which he depart-
ed thence, intending for Quiloa, but the currents
carrying him beyond that place, went to Mombafia,
an illand clofc ir, with the continent, where he arrived Mombafli.
on the 7th of April.

He found the country fertile, abounding with or-
chards, and ftored with the moft delicious fruits which ,
grow in thofe latitudes. The city was feated on a
rock, the houfes were well built, and the ftreets con-
veniently difpofed. The produce of tlie land was
ivory, wax, and honey, with a great port for mer-
chandife. The drcfs of the inhabitants in general ^

was rich i the women were arrayed in filks, ornamented,
with gold and jewels.

Gama, who had already feen a fpecimcn of Moor-
ifh treachery, being vifited in the night, as his ihip
lay without the bar, by a boat, in which were 100
armed men, who demanded to be brought to the ge-
neral, he permitted only four to come on board after
having left their weapons behind them. Thefe men
told him there were Chriftians at Mombafla, faid their
king ivould caufe 'the Portuguefe fliips to be loaded
with Alices, and offered lo take feme of thmi Pn ihoie
K and

THE FIRST VOYAOE OP

?fel>n>!>.

and (htw thrm the city. I'he oflfler was accepted, and
CvTtain Portu^iicfe were fcnt to view the place, with
prc-fcnts lor their prince, who received them kindly,
lending them back with famples of fpiccs and corn,
and promii'vd to traffic with them for thefe and other
commodities.

'I"hc gviiial tliinking them fincere in their pro-
feflions, lailed iip the h.irl«iur the next morning,
hut his Qiip llriking on a Ihoal, he was obliged tncalt
anchor again. 'I'hc Moors on board and the pilots
, immediately jum|Kd into the fe>i, nor could the
natives by any mnins be |Krfuadcd to deliver up the
latter. Phis railing fiilpicions, two of the people
broui'ht from Mozambiiiiie being put to the torture,
confcflcd that the dcflruiition of the (hip had been
refolved upon, and that the pilots fearing they were
difcoviri'd, had leaped overboard to avoid punifli-
nient. The Moors in the night attempted to cut the
(hip's ciblc, which they failed of accomplif.ing, and
when (he wai got ott'the (hoal, Gama had no inclin-
ation to remain any longer at Mombafla. He was now
convinced that the Mahometans in that place muft
have heard what the fleet liad dofK at Mozambique,
hr therefore weighed anchor on the 13th, and on the
fame day came before Melinda, having taken in his
way a little pinnace, with 17 Moors and a quantity
of L'old and rtlv er on board.

fllelimla lies in 3' of foiith lat. The city was
found to be feated on a rcKky coaft, hut the country
about it picafant and fruitful. The natives from the
waill downwards were cloathed with filk and cotton
ftufTs, wilh tuibans of filk and gold. They were
gm),1 horfemcn and archers, though molHy left-handed,
and the women, in general, beautiful, and richly
drclRd. The produce of the country confifts of gold,
ivory, pitch and u"ax, which were exchanged with the
merchants of Cambaya and Guzarat fur fpiccs and
other Indian commodities.

^Vhen Gama came to an anchor here, he found
nobotly would venture to fend out any boats from the
town, which he attributed to the fight of the pinnace
he had taken j he therefore iook an old Moor from
among the prifoners he had made, and caufed him to
be left on a flioal, in fight of the city, in order that
he might be fetched ofF by fomc oft" his countrymen.
This llratagem fucceeded, for a boat was immediately
fent for him, and he bL-ing properly inlVruifted, carried
prcfents from the general to the king, with orders «o
fay that thedefign of the Portuguefc was to enter into
a treaty with him, and the next day Gama came up
towards the city, anchoring near lome (hips which
fcemed filled with Indian Chriftian*. Thefe men were
brown, well (haped and wore long white callico
gowns, had large beards and lone; hair, which was
plaited up under their turbans. I'hey paid their de-
votions to a piiJhire of the Virgin Mary and fome
Apoftles, which the general (hewed them to try if they
were really Chriltians. They had fome little know-
ledge of the Arabic language, and came from Cran-
ganor, but could give no account of Calicut, which
was the principal objeift of the general's enquiry.
The king of Melinda came the next day in a great
boat to vifit him richly .-ittired, a fcarf being rolled
round his head, while a hat of crimfon fattin lay on
a cufliion by him. Twenty Moors richly drelTed at-
tended him, he had alfo his fword-bearer and mufi-
cians, and in every refpeil kept much ftate and gran-
deur. Gama went in his boat to meet him, when he
was in\'ite-d on board the royal barge, where the
king having afked him many queftions, and learned
his country and the place of his deftination, promifed
htm a pilot to condudl him to Calicut ; after which
he invited him to court, but this favour the general
declined for the prefent, promifing to call in nis re-
turn. While he ftayed there, however, he was wit-
iiefs to fome mock fights, which (hewed him the
nature of making war in that country. Being pro-
vided with a pilot, and all things necefTary, he pro-
ceeded on his voyage on the 22d of April, having left
with the king the thirteen Moors, wb«m he had taken

rifnncrs, a prefent which proved very aCCfptable n
is Miijclly.

We have already obferved, that Gama's defiena-
tion was for Calicut, which lies on the coaft of Ma-Cntft of M*>
labar. In order to give air idea of that part of India, labti.
it may be prupcr toobfirrvc, that it is 03 leagues from
Mount Oi.hli to Cape Cnmorin, including the Ma>
labar cnalt, which comprifed fevcn gentile kingdoms.
The firftof thefe w.is Cananur 1 the fecond Calicut,
of which the city of the fame name was the metro- .
polis j the third Crangiuior ; the fourth Cochin t
the fifth Horka ; the lixth Coulan ; and the fevenfh
Travaiikor, near Cape Comorin. TI.e kings of Ca-
nanor, Calicut, and Coulaii wore the only indspen-
dent nionarchs in thefe parts ; the rclt were only petty
princes.

'I'hc king of Calicut was cMei The Samorin, or
emperor, for which di(}ini!tlon there were various
reafons alli^ncd. '('he Itorv generally believed at that
lime .tinoiig the native Indians was, that the Arabi-
ans having difeovered India about 6co years fince,
when a pnnee nanud IViimal, reigned over all the
Malabar kingdom--, thefe ftrangers, who were Maho- '
metans, coming to Coulan which was then the
capital, perfuaded the king to change his ancient for
their more modern fu|)erllition, and this bigottcd
monarch going on a pilgrim'.ir;e to Mecca, divided
among his kindred all his dominions except Ca-
licut, which he bequeathed to his page (who was
alfo related to him) giving him the title of Samorin
(or emperor) which the princes of Calicut ftill retained
when Gama grrivcd on their coafts.

He found the city of Calicut fituate on an open
(hore i by which means there was no harbour, but City of r»B.
only an open road for the (hipping. The town«<">
was lari;c, but the palaces and temples were the only
(lone buiUlings in the place, the houfes being gene-
rally compofed of hurdles. Gama came to anchor
on the 20th of May, about fix miles from the city, where Gima
to which he was afterwards condu(fteel, and ca(t an-ancliuu.
chur again on the oiitfide of the bar. As foon as he
found It convenient he i<;nt his boats on (hore with
one of his banifhed men, who found in the city a
Moor called Uontnybo. This man knowing him
for a Portuguefe immediately demanded with tokens
of great nltonilhment. What brought him and hi»
countrymen into thofe feas ? Being afterwards con-
dudte<l to the general, Bontaybogave a(rurances of his
fricndfhip, and congratulate-d him en having difeover-
ed a new paflage to fo rich a country.

By the advice of this friendly Moor, Gama (int
immediate notice of his arrival to the Samorin, who
was then at a village about five leagues diftant, in-
fpired with the exptdlation that his commercial de-
figns would be favoured by a prince, the chief part
of wliofe revenues, as he undcrftuod, arofe from
trade.

In the mean time the Samorin being informed of h^ jj ii,»iiej
all that was pafling, and poflibly at that time well to Padaruic.
enough inclined towards the Kuropeans, fent a pilot to
bring the general to I'adarane, who being cautious
how he trufied to ftrangers, at firft was not very
willing to enter fir into the port. Having received
pcrmiliion to bnd wherever he pleafcd, Gama called
a council, in which he fignified to the members his
intention of eoing to the emperor (whom he conceived
to be a chriftian prince) and fettling a treaty of com-
merce with him. He w.is advifed oy his brother to
fend fome other |>erfon in his Ifcad ; but in this mat-
ter he fuftercd hisearnelHefircof bringing hisprojedt
to bear, to get the better of his caution, though what-
ever opinion he might entertain of the prevalence of .
the Chriftian religion at Calicut, he had been fores-
warned of the inimical difpofition of the Moors that
came to traffic in thofe pajts.

On the 28th of May, Gan» landed in as great ftatc The Portu-
ai his circumftanccs would permit, and fet out for V^* '•""•
the Samorin's palace. On their way thither, the
ftrangers were followed 6y great crowds, and a mi-
nillcr of the emper«F, called the Curvval, (bewed them

. ., much

V A S Q.U E Z D E G A M A.

na-

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I, or
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Ca-

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open
, but City of r»lJ.

town '<"«
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gene-
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city, Wlicre G«ml
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city a

htm

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, in-
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well to Padariuie.

lilot to

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what-

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fbre>-
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ItftatcThePortu-

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, the
mi-
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I much

much refpeA. By him the Kner;il and hi« people
were pcrfuaded to enter a temple, which (having' their
heads full of the idea of Chriltianity in India) they
conceived from certain exprefrionn and cercnionifs
■' '' ' of the Indians to be dedicated to the Virgin Mary.

In thii apprchenfion they fell down and voilhipped
there, though the placi- was full of frightful idols :
One of the company however obfervcd, " That if the
•doration was meant to be paid by the natives to the
devil, yet he meant to pay his devotions to God."

Being arrived at the palace, they tounci it large,
well fitualcd, and accommodated with ildiglitlul gar-
dens. G.ima w:.» received at the gate by an old high
prielt, who conduiSted liini in lliiougU a guard tliat
prcfled ibhard as to (qucczc Icvcral of the natives to
death, and greatly to incommode tiic Hortugiieie,
thouch the latter h.vl officers appointed on puipole
l.«d"la'ibJ">o clear the way for them. When ihey were ad-
mitted, they found the hall ot audience tomcwhat to
refemble a theatre in its interior form, the floor be-
ing covered with velvets, the walls hung with filk,
and the feats rifing above each other in regular grada-
tion. The king was a man of an olive complexion
advanced in years, and of a cominanding »\]v:it
He reclined, under a canopy, on a (ett.e of white
filk, embroidered with gold. His cloat'iing was of
white callico, wrought with flowers of gold, the
buttons being all large pearls. He had rings let with
jewels in his ears, and his fingers and toes were or-
namented in the fame manner. His arms and legs
though otherwifc naked, were likewife adorneil with
cold rings ; and lie was fervetl with betel nut (which
he chewed with fait and areka) in a golden baton,
having another ready for him to I'pit into, which was
m.ndeof the fame metal, and a golden fountain that
furnilhed him with water to wafh his moulh after his
chewing. This prince wore a crown in fti.ipe of a
mitre, which was ornamented with precious (tones of
various colours and fizcs.

In themidft of all this ftate, Gama having made
his reverence, was ordered to advance, and was leatcd
near the emperor, ; his followers, who entered after-
wards, beiiifj placed on the oppofitefide. When they
Cal!e<! *"or drink, water was Icrved them out of a gol-
den cup with a fpout from which they were obliged to
pour it into their mouths w ithout touching their lips,
(which the Moors there reckoned an imiclicatecuftom)
but in endeavouring to ufe this method, fomc of the
Chriftians wetted their cloaths, ami caufcd diverfion
to the courtiers ; whilft others overcharging their
throats, began to fall into fits of coughing or to
throw it up again, which greatly embarraflcd them,
as they had been informed the Samorin kept luch
ftate that it was reckoned an affront to let any one's
breath reach him, or to cough, fpir, or fncezc in his
prcfence.

Gama wasdefired to declare his bufinefs to the cm-
tlinnddiveripero.'s officers, but he rcfufed in quality of an am-
lii> cmLiH)'. balfador, to make it known to any but that prince
himfelf, and a few felefied from his council. This
being agreed to, Gama and Fernan Martinez, were
condiiftcd into another apartment, where the In-
tlian interpreter, the chief bramin, the betel fcrver
and the comptroller of the houfhold, were the only per-
fons prcfeiit when the Samorin received the cmbafTy,
which the general delivered in the name of the king
of Portugal, who, he faid having heard of Chriftian
princes in the Indies, of whom he conceived the em-
peror of Ca4icut to be the chief, was defirous of cor-
re(j)onding with him. The general received a favour-
able anfwer ; and not chufmg to lo<lge among the na-
tives, when it grew late, was conduced to an apart-
f mcnt provided for him by the Samorin's command,

•Thus far all went well ; but the next day when
oij.-flionito Gama refolvedto fend the emperor a prefent, which
the prc'fcnt. confifted of fcarlet, coral, brafs, fugar, oil and ho-
ney, the Cutwal would by no means allow it to be
carried to court, as not being rich enough ; obferv-
ing that his maftcr expelled gold from fo great a mo-
narch as the ktjtg of Portugal ; the general excufcd

himfelf by f.iyiiig that tlulV thing". oiic;ht rather folii* t4;8

corilidcreJ as a prereiil (rem hiiiifilf il'.Jn fniiii his ^ » *
priiicf, who ddiilitlcis wmilJ fi ml liinulliin;^ It.uic
(iiitable as (boil ashelhmildbe iiiinr.iiiil id rhe^iva;-
Mcfs of thccnipirur, .iiiu hi', reli'luin'ii nl currilpoud-
inp with him and tradin.: with hi> liihjecls.

But all this availed nothing, thf iMoois havin-; al-
ready prejudiced the court a^ainll hiiii. Kor tiai,
the arrival of thefe ttraiigrrs at Calicut lliouUI prove Anit'ccs of
a hindrance to th.-it tradr,' which they tliiinftlve.> had '"-^iiwrt.
monopolifed, they rcl.iud with many cxaji.;t rations
all that had happened at Mozambiijiie and along the
African coall : in concliilion, chrerviiij! tli.it tUvU:
things beiiii; confidered, together vvitli tlie fnialhicls
of the prefent which Gama broiijiht, he ought rather
to be confidered as funic pirate or needy adventurer
than as the anihafl'ador of a great kiii^'.

The general war. however admitted again to the .Sa-
morin's prefcnce, who received him at firll with an
angry countenance complaining of his delay of rtfort-
ing to court, which, in fac^, had been occafioneil by
the difpute with the Cutwal and others about llic pre- Tlic ''amnriu'i
fents. Afterwards this piincc demanded, VV'httln^r lui^icion,.
fo extraoTliinary an adventurer had liecii feiit to dillo-
vcr ftojics or men ? b^-'caule he obfervcd that if tlie
latter was the object, prefcnts ought to have been f.nt
to him. At lall (his crcat k'Pj; d.f cniled fo 1< a* as
toafkof the gcncr.d a Saint Maiyihat he conceived Mi- avarice.
to be gold, and which, tliou^h (i.-.ma alRrieJ it w.as
onlv gilt wood, yet he rtfufed to p.irt with oil a liip-
pufition that it had prefcrud him from the dingers of
tlw fea. After h.iving uied all his endeavours to
find out whether his i^uell was really a pirate or a
fugitive, the emperor feenied well pleafcil, on !uar-
ing a letter from the king of Portu.vil read and inter-
preted, as it related to the cdablilhinj a commercial
connexion between his fubjeifts and the mcrcliants of
Calicut, which had all the appearance of a mutual
benefit.

But notwithftanding this interview feemcd to have
produced favourable elfeiils, the Moors equally in-
fluenced by cunfiderations of intereft and of religion,
ceafed not to plot auainil Gama, whom at firft they
would have perfuailed the Cutwal to aflalTinatc.
Though this fchcmedidnot take elVedt, yet that of- 9'''"* '""»"
ficer confined the general, and ufcd evtry artifice to"'"
feizc the Portuguclc (hips j but the firmn.fs of the
prifoncr defeating this dcfign alfo he had recourfc to
another method of proceeding, namely that of urg-
ing him to caufc all his goods to be landed, which
he thought by thofc means fccretiy to fecuie ; and
therefore on that condition promifcd to let him goon
board his vcfll'l in fafety.

Though little confidence was to lie placed in fuch
a man, yet Gama promifcd to fend for the mcrchan-
dife in cafe fomc almadias or Minnaces of the country j,,|, ^f ^^^^
wcredifpatched to bring them o.i (liore, as he faid his cjignfcnton
brother (whom he had prcvioufly infiructed) would llwie.
never truft the (hips boats to land men or j;oods with-
out being authorifed by his prcfence. The matter
being thus fettled, he wrote word. That he was con-
fined, but otherwife well enough ufcd. In this let-
ter he ordered his brother to fend part of thegooils,
obfen'ing, that (hould he afterwards be det.iiind, it
mud be looked upon that the Samorin meant to keep
him prifoncr ; in which cafe he commanded the flrips
to fail back without him, and to folicir the court of
Portugal immediately to difpatch a Itrong fleet to hii
relief.

The goods were fent accordingly, and the general ^••"'^ tct«rin
being fet at liberty, returned ti, i'us (hips ; but the ha- '"""""l"-
trcd of the Moors, who now faw their enemy removed
our of their reach, incrcafing with their difappoint-
ments, they contrived to hinder the faleof his com-
modities ; and though the emperor, on Iwing in-
formed of theCs proceedings by (Jama, appcarcdmnch
oflTended with ihr Cutwal, yet that officer was not
punifhcd, nor was this infolence of the Moors at all
redrained. The goods being however removed to Ca-
licut, the fale was opened, and the Portuguefe, by
11 their

ft^t tu ili« b>-
■orin.

T ML KIR*T VOYAGE Of

The mertlnger
tontincd.

The genecil
iiitkeii rcpri'

Hit plan (uc>
ends.

An attack in-
tended on tlM
Beet.

»*«

ilicir coinni.indcr's permiiTton, vifitcil tlir ■ ity \ but
not without U'ing frequently infultH by tlir Maho-
mct.ina witu wrrc heartily vexui that'ihr i;eiu'ral
would not laml again I from which hv w.tttliiruaded
by the friendly Moor Hontayho.

Gnma, who had little reafontobe f4ti<>rird with hi>
fituatinn, preparing to depart, ordered l)i;iz to ro
with a prefcnt to the emperor, Uefiring, that if the
latter had any intention ot fending an aniball'ador to
Portugal he might be difpatched immediately, at the
fleet was about to fail.

The prcfent was delivered to the faflor, and the Sa-
morinonly anfwcredthat if G.ima wm rL-folvcd to de-
part, he mould cxpct^ 600 lharitin'< to lie paid accord-
ing to the cultom of that port. Diaz wui atfu de-
tained, and a proclamation made, forbidding any one
from the city to go on board the fleet ; yet Bontaybo
went, and having nbferved upon the ticltle temper of
the emperor, warned Guma of the hazard he mult
run, In cafe he ihould (lay till the arrival nf the fleet
from Mecca, which would doubtlcfs take him. There
needed no more to fet a prudent man upon his guard.
Gama contrived foon afterwards to fecure fome prin-
cipal men that came on board, and then fent a letter
demanding his faAor and fecretary, but thefu not be-
ing returned as he expected, he put to fca immedi-
ately.

The Indians perceiving his refolution funt u boat
after him, the crew of which told him th.-it his |>co-
ple were fafe in the king's palace, and that ti.ev
would be fent to him the next day. Gama anfwered.
That it might be fo, but hecxpe«ed to fee them or re-
ceive letters from them, otherwifc he would fink the
next boat that (hould dare to approach him ; adding.
That if they were finally refolved not to re (lore his
men, he would put to death thofc of theirs that he
had in pofleflion.

This threat had the defired efftA ; for the next day
the perfons demanded were brought, and put on board
the (hip's boat at the place where Gnma came to an
anchor, not daring to come near his (hip. By them
a letter was alfo fent to the king of Portugal, which
was to the following purport:

" Vafqutz de Gama, a gentleman of thy hotifc,
" came to my country, of whofe coming I was glad.
" In my country there is plenty of cinnamon, cloves,
" pepper and precious (tones. The things that I am
" deurous to have out of thine are fflver, gold,
«' coral, and fcarlct."

The inftncerity of the emperor's profeflions how-
ever appeared fo plainly that Gama fent back only the
* Nayres, and when, after many endeavour* uled to
deceive him, he found he could not get his merchan-
dife returned, he declared he would take the red of the
natives of the country with him, to confirm his hav-
ingdifcovered the pafface to India, fmce the Samorin
had refufed to fend fuch commodities as he had defired
for a confirmation.

He had not got above a league from Calicut, be-
fore he was furprifed by the apjKarance of a number
of boats which purfued the fleet, but by means of his
ordnance and a fre(h gale that fprung up, he avoided
the danger. Previous to this, Bontaybo's goods be-
ing feized on (here, he had fled to the general for
(helter, and he was now employed to write a letter to
the emperor, expatiating on the advantage that would
rcfult to his fubJKts from trading with the Portueuefe
who, as he promifed, would return as fpeedily as
poffible to thofc coa(h with the wares and mercban-
difes that were required.

• Or nobleman.

•)• Thii man wat >(tcrwards baptifed, became a f;a«l cnho-
lie, and wai carried to Portugal. He (aid the dcl'ifni of the
Lord of Goa was to make the PoRuguere when he had taken
ihciBf (cnre luainliUwanigaiBftlteMighboHringfrincci.

Some davs afterwards another attack wm mida
upon them by piratCK, one of whofe vcAcli they took,
(after having driven the reft clofe to (here ) and found it
lidvii with vocoas and molallcs, having alfo a quantity
of weapons on board. Arriving at a little iflnnd wiin
four others in the neighbourhood, called Anfaiidiva,
the Portiigucfe were in danger of a furpriio from fomt
nf the fame vifitants i but being warned by the nn-
lives, the ordnance waa fired at the free booterit, oiid
they ntrintcd with precipitation.

(laina now received a mvfliige from one Za-
haius the lord of Goa, who invited him in a veif
friendly manner to. his country. Out the mrtlchger
being lufpedied for a fpy, and accordingly put to (he
torture, he ronfi-fled that this iiiviution was meant
only as a fnare to entrap and fci/e the Portuguefv^
which they thus luckily avoided falling into, by the
warincfs of their commander f.

Contrary winds, alternate (lorma and calms, and a
ficknrfs which proved epidemical, rendered the voyage
from Anfandiva very trnublcfome, till, at length a fa>
vourable gale, brought the fleet in fight of Mogadoxo,
at the id of February, at a time when they had rea«
fon to believe they were near Mr>ziimbiutie.

The city appeared larse and well built, furrounded
with walls. In the middle ((ood a large palace on t
rifing ground ■, but the inhabitants being Moors, Ga>
ma was fo far from having an inclination to land there,
that he caufed hisgreat guns to be loaded and fired at
the walls as he pallvd along, which did them confidc-
rable damage, and then purfued his courfo for 117
leagues towards Melinda, as he hod at firU intended.

Here the general and his men met with vi-ry kind cn-
tainmcnt, but (layed only five days, Icll the winter
(houldovertakethemat lhec.ipe( in tlicirwayto which
they touched at the ifland of Zanzibar, where he found
the inhabitants, though Moors, well difpodtd to-
wards the Portugucfc, who had been obliged by this
time to burn one of their veflcls, named tM St. Ra-
pliaci, becaufe ficknefa had fo much leffened their
nimbers, that there were not hands fitfficient to man
th( (hips and bring them home in fafety.

Having again refrcihed his men at St. Bias ; the

n:ral proceeded, and doubled the Cape of Good

upc on the 25th of April, after which a favoura-
ble jale fprung up, which continuing for twenty
days, brought nim to St. Jago, one of the Cape Vera
iflanils, where a tempcft fcparating the (hips, Coello'a
vefl'el was the firft that reached Lilbont , while Gama,
after having weathered the ftorm, leaving his (hip
at St. Jago, hired a velTel to carry him home. He put
in at the Terreras in his way, where his brother
Paul ^vho had lone been in an ill (tate of health ex-
pired. Having pawl the laft tribute to his memory,
the G<.-neral departed from the Tcrccras, and (leering di-
really for Portugal, arrived at Belem in September,
after having been two years and two months upon a
voyage full of perils and difficulties, by the accom-
pli(hinent of which he acquired the honour of being
regiftcred as the firft adventurer that evcrdifcovered a
palTage to the £a(l Indies by fea, and of opening a
frc(h channel of commerce to the nations of Europe
with thofc rich and plentiful countries. Other voy-
agers of the fame nation following his track eftabliihed
fa£lories in thofe remote regions, and Gama himfelf
returned thither in 1 502. Of thefe ccpeditions we
(hall fpeak hereafter ; but (hall now pi^dteed according
to the plan laid down to give an account of the cir«
cumnavigators; beginning with the unfortunate
Maghellan, who peri(hed in the uttdertakinc.

THE

'*9$

Another at-
tack lielaaiadt

tntcndad trta^
chary nf tlic
Lotil of Ook

MogadoKv

f?;

Zinzitiar.

St. Blai,

Tlie RcncraRi
arrival ai Be-
Icm.

X He wai rufpcAed of defign in this reparation, which (mm
affirmed he effcAed oily on puipoTc to be the firll that flioul)!
bring the CMttofPanugal lU aewiadlw impoftani iitut^
very.

[ >i J

THE VOYAGE OT rERDINAM) MAGIIKLLAN'.

•5'?

.u*ti-.l in Pur

AcccptcJ in
Spain.

He i* cnvlc'l
In llic 5|)an-
iardt.

Sets omonli

CipVlllllUl).

nifcciilcit!
onioi'.g liij
men.

MAr.riKLI-AN was ;i n.ili\c of P..ilii|'iil, .1
(■iniUmaii by Imlli, .iml a folJiir liy iirulil-

' dim. Ilu liuil (irvtil histnuiury i" tin" liuii.m ;l^wfll
as Al'iaMii wars I haviiiR been iin|<l">ul in thofe ix-
piilitjoiis whiili lutccfdul Ci.inia'^ ililnmiy, ami
which at I. ii);th brought Malaii.i, tjoa uiiU Oiniuz
uiuIlt the I'ortnguiro iii)minioii.

'I'hoiinh the pallam- from thi.> Allantic to tin l',ici-
fic ocean which Coliniibiis wint in ((.arrh oi, liail ne-
ver bcrn diCcovcrcil, yet V.iCtnK/, Niim/, ilr liill)i..i
having difcoviri.il the \.M iiKiitioneil (x:.i lioni ilic
mountains of I'antas, in the proviiuc ot I'ajiaina,
Ma^hellan from hence concilvnl .in iile.i of unilcr-
t.ikui^r the ilreuninavi(;ation of the -lobe, wliiih lu'

' full loinniunaateil to his court, bui biiiin llii;hteil in
that |Milii.ular, and mecliny with Innif other ilif.ip-
poinlmrnts •, he refolvtd to quit I'm ui^al, and m.ilce
his propof.ds to Charles V. thui kinj vi Spain and
emperoi ot (jerniany.

I'Vl.i-'hi Man failed not to obluvc.lo this prince that
all the llandaand iVlolucta ill.iiuls mull of ri,ht fall
to his h't, according to th^' divilion mutually con-
lentrdloby king John II. of I'oriugal, ami I'erdi-
nand, and If.ibcUa of Callile. 'I'liele ill.uiJ., he pro-
polid to dill over bv a welkin iu\ ligation. And the
project W.1S fo pkaliiiL' tolhekiiij^, that ho (^ave orders
for m.iking the iiceillary preparations with as nuich
expediliuM ;is the nature (f the fehemc would al-
low.

Charlc . (luppid not here, for bcfides orderiii;; five
vellels to be titled out with every conveniir.ee neeefl'ary
for the purpofe, notwithlfandinj; the opp(^llii<in made
by th'.' l'(<rtuguefe anibaliador, hii; iiuijelly conferred
upon ftlai/hellan and his companion Ruy I'alero, the
order of St. Ja^o, as u fpur to this aiduous under-
taking.

Yet, however honoured, the former was at court
there were noi wanting thole who greatly envied him,
and ttilhid to retard the e^peditio^. Hi; received
many iiiliilis on account of his counlry, and when
nil was juli iv.idy for the embarkation, it had nearly
been prevented by Ruy I'alero's conteftini; with the
admir„l thehonourof bearing the royal ihindard ; but
this matter being fettled, and his rival pcrfua-
ded to itay at home, his health not being in a Hate
that rendt red it prudent for him to profecutc fo long
ar.d unc.rtain a voyige, Maghellan took the fole com-
mand oi" the fquadron, and the bufinefs proceeded,
i'lij i''|iiadron which confilU'd of the admiral's fliip,

"the S. Aiuoiiio, Juan de Cartagena, vice admi'al ;
theS.J.u;", Juan Rodriguez- Serrano, and thcCon-
ceptiin, Cialpar de (j^iezada, mailer, lot fail from
Cadi', taking In
fui.h iKiT'-ITaries .Ts they lleod in need of, and on the
2)th continued thoir voyage.

Al tiiis tiaic many dif|nites artfe concerning the
rourfe wiiicli it was heft for them to puifue, and, the
ficti licinj^ aneliorcd on Eaftcr day in Si. Julian's ri-
\(r, wliieli they h.id entered the prcculiiig evening,
when niafs was ordered to be faid on fhnre, the three
cap;..in:., Luys do Mendofa, Gafpar de (ij^iczada,
and Juan do Cartagena did not appear t, acircum-
fliiiee v.liieh nuicli dil'iiuittcd Ivfaghillan, becaufe
from their difolK-diencc, as well .isother circuinftanccs
lie Inferred thsi a fpirit of difcoiucnt reigned ainon^
the majority of the fc|U.idre.n. And thus, fikc Colum-
bas he found it very I'iiUcull to r.dapt u proj^rlineof
cond.ict. To return with difgraee was what he could
not brook ; to piMCecd v.a.i to encounter a variety
Vol. I. No. y..

'rf(>ir.icy
,yr.-liv I.

• I ot

* lie is InitI to have hvvn tlcnicii In the ri i:n fo itnalliin
angmrntation ot liis pay.T^Ii-df a ducat |ii:i iiiuiuli, which un-
kiiiilncl) lie could nut but remember.

of perils at the I'mtk! lime tliai hi- 1';mI every thin s to
.ipprehend from his own penpli. In this lluiaijuii, \
the weathi r growinii I. \ere, the murmuriii'.'s iiiccMf-
iii:', and aeonfiiiraey of the thru eapt.iiit, lieiilir fuf-
putid, the general called his (n/ii Ihip's crew loarn; .
In th<; niiaii time, as Mendofa was re.. i un; a letti r
h'- had fi lit him, this t "iptain was lljlibed to ih. Ii art. |^
At that iiillaiit a boat was ni.mned with ahour {o of
the admiral's friends, who boanUd the V'iitoii ', inid
took (.0 prifoners ful'pecled of being conceiiud in the
coiifpiraey out of that and the other (h'p«. liiu (^11;-
/.ida only w.is iX'.eiit'd, an I .Merdofa's di ul bjd.'
W's oid'-red to Ir; tpi.iit'ud. — Thii , the opji'irifioil
111 led for that lime, and the prn|rr meafure:, were ta-
ken for the lleet to proried .1; I. .on as the Weather
v.'ould permit i lur which purptil.' li.'rrano w.is or
ilereil to examine the Aiiiirican coal! alMi .' '.i li.. li ihey
\.'er. to fail, in ordi.r tu make the ii.liii J^d difcu-
M.ry.

VVhile they had been thii'i detaiiud on the Brafili.ui j_ . ^,^
roall, aetiirdiiig to the Spaiiilh account, lluy law nmi j.^ni,
of a valf (latiire, and wholvoii', ilpxiall; if in.
raged, refemblid the roariii:', of bull .. On et thil'o
came on boaid, vt'hofe voice and f.iCe u..i..- i>pull/
frightful, .iiid whole heiihl wa. fueh, tint lli' li.ti
of a middle-fi/.ed Spaiii.iid feaicily leai.h d to hi^i
waid. There may be realon to think iliis ac r.uni ri-
ther exaggerated 1 however that miilic be, it lUns
that he behaved himfelf very pe.ic.ibly, and \i.e, vve'ij
enough falislieil wilhiverv thing ahuiit bin, till by
way of prcfcnting him with toys, the Spainuds put
(hackles upon his lej's, which as foon a^ he dllVovirid
to be intended to deprive him of his lilcily, ItriviP;',
in vain to get rid of them, he r.ivul and ro.ired molt
hidcoudy. Hisapp.irel conlidedof the Ikin of a Itraniri;
bcalf, and the fame (kin covered his legs an 1 feet ;";
well as hii body, which notwithllanding thev d 'fcril.e
as iK'iiig painted all over i and e.ieh of his clicl;-. was
drawn on the figure of a llag, with |Wo red cirelci
round his eyes, which contributed to' render his .p-
pearaiicc more frightful.

Maghellan's people faid they fou.id inoft of the in-
habitants of thccoall apparrelled much in the fame m.-.n-
ncrasthis man, ami defciilic them as a raie of giant-,
ignorant and fupcrrtitioiis, believing their eniniirv li
be haunted by evil fpirits, at the apprehenfion of which
they fecnicd to lie extremely terrified. Their weapons
were bows and arrows, the bow-llrings King made
of fonie guts or fincws, and the arrows he.ided with
(harp (loiics. Their movrahle cottages v\hich, like
their bo<!ics, were covered with f<in-, they carried with
them from one place to another as occalion lirved ;
they devoured their meat, whieli th-'V d.d m.i Uiiii
to have any method of divfling, with t!i.' v^neiourncfs
of canihals, eating with it a eortain fni.,!l fort of
root, in iheir language ealLil f.',/;i-r, whit li llrvcd them
for bread, and drank vail quantities of v\Mter at tlu-ii"
me^'.ls.

The only religious ideas th^re people enteriai.icd
centered in the belief of two beiiigi, cue t f whom
they teriiiod A'i/,7«.', vho fcxired to be fiipcrio.'-, and
the oth'T wliom tlicy called 6'/;, /.;</<■, and whom th:v
looked on ar. an inferior d"iiv. In tlos barn m coun-
try (the inh.ibitants of which th.- Spaiii.iids termed
P.itagons) th-ry however let up a crofs, and took fo-
lemn polRffion of it. — Hut to return to the lurn-
tion.

Serrano who as we have obferved bcfor.-, wa.s dif- Orc:.r 'evcf-
patchcd on an expedition to recuiinoitro thi coa(t, uU lull,
found a river which wis about a league broad at the
entrance, ti) which he gave the name of S. Clare,
having firftdifcovered it on that Saint's day. He was
V fix

t I'hc lall. was already under .in an ell for difrufpcA Acwcd to
hiscummandcr.

'♦

T rr E VOYAGES OF

i5i'

^tJ,;^rll.m

Ii »\ c^ I'liri I 1

I. .in inti Trti
•n lluiii..

I.' Ii\ i|,iyi tuaniiiKiij li, .tnJ t'ldiiiig for iVal.s and WM

— ' iiltiMwnrdi rxpnlUl ti> a vi'iKnt rini|H-ll, whuh fplii
llie r.iils of lii'i tcOil, :iiiil III till- I'liJ wri-cknl liini
u|ion the ftiiiii-, v-iiili; the b<ui» crivv wen- lli\.J from
ihc fury of ihc ilctiunt-., hut rcJuctd to (;ti;it rx-
ltciiiitie» hy fuiiiiiii' mi ihilc lurrcii coafi*. In their
ililirrfulhi'V feiit Iw" i>l their |)coj»le lolhcii nminunJi-r
to uivc him iiDtiiv of their liiuaiion, whndiijutchiil a
tilfcl to thiir alTuUiur, and thun prtvinfi.-d tJut fati
which mull olhcrwili- have been inctilahle.

The general left the port of St. Julian where he
O.iycd fo lon)s with little fatisfa£lion, on the i4lh
«>f Augii(>, letting Ju.iii de Cartagena on Ihorr, ami
the fame punifliment wa» inflicted on I'cdro Sanchez
Revora, the piiell who had been found guilty ol
being concerned in the cunfpiracV' They were fup-
plieifwith a ({uanlity of provifioiis but were never
ncard of mote.

Sailing friini hence, on St. Urfula'« Jay, in the
latter end of Odlolnr the fleet came to a nromontory
which Vlaghellan called Cape Virgin, and peueiving
iin inlet, fent to examine the roall. Upon tlie dif-
ferent reports of the people of the vcnil.i .md Imati
lUt.iched for this p'.irp<ife, a council of the iluef
officers and pilots was called, in which Kftevan (Jo-
int/, pilot of the .Antonio, decUi\d for returning
lionie, and w.is followid l-y all the member*, the
general only excepted, who declared that though
leinpcll and famine fticulJ threaten the ftronpcil op-

Iiofiticn, he was rcfolved to ptrfevcre. 'I'he Antonio
leliig afterward* fent to find out a neater pallagc than
nny which they had ytt a rcafon to expcil, the pilot
li.'forc-mcntioncd, together with the purler having
ILibhi'd the niafli-r, carried home the Ihip i and the
gincral himfelf having gone in nurfuitof her in vain,
proceeded en his voy.ige, and at length fell in
Ils.liuover. *^''''' ''"^ paffagc which he had fo lone been in fcarch
ilic')Mi!'.if;c ' of, and in yr of fouth lat. entered thofe (Ircights
intoihcb.Scj. \vhich have ever fincc born his name. He was tranf-
ported with joy .it tlii'.. difcovcry, and named the point
of land from which he firft had this agreeable prufpc£t.
Port Defile. After failing through this ncw-difcovered
palfagc with all the caution nec.-flary in fuch a fitua-
tioM, they cnteriJ the great South Sea on the 28th
day of December, being one year four months and
eighteen days, from his fird departure fiom Spain,
.ind four months and foui days from his Laving I'ort
Julian.

On this wide cxtenii>'d ocean the fleet wandered
between three and four months without fi^ht of
land, except two uninluihilej ifland-i. Their dillrefVes
in the courfe of this time wire fo great, that the men
Wire reduced to the r.LCtrtiiy of eating the hides
which covered the (liip- rigjing, which tiny ileeped
in fait w:it<:r in order to wilder ih -m tit for chewing.
To this parfial f i: .'rr, i- was not wonderful that
iiclcmfs fhoiiM fi.tetcil. And thofe who wtre not
fti/cd with imnudiate lils of illncT, had the misfor-
tune to bu liifibltd (rom fubfifting on thefe ha.'d
viand', bv their juins trowing over their teeth,
whtrehv they were (hirvcJ to death. It was happy for
tilt reft th.^ they fallid all this wh !c upon a peaceful
* lea, imp-.lled by Lcnile h-ci?t«, frrm whence it was
dcno" inatcd the r.irilic Oec.iii. It was not till the
f)th of March that they fell in with a parcel of Iflands
iiirtly named the I.acirones, or illes of thieves. Here
"they liii'ded, .InJ f xmd them polleiW by a people
that (xhibitid not the le.ili ;ppearjnrc of having any
order or form of government prevailing among them.
The men went nuirely n.ik.d, their complexion
oli\c, their hair black .md Ion', reacliiite to their
waifts. The women W"re more nioJill in their man-
ners, wore a fort of covcrinj( of palm-tree leaves, and
were generally found to be induOrious. liut while

itiior.c-

* Ir i- rrii'ffil ili.it pre of tl'f ii'siilcrs ofTrrc? I ChTiHian a
rrown ot golcl ami .1 c.»llar, 1 .' iVv fhrciHs of cf. tViI leea.!*., hue
Mai;iittl»ii woulil liot i«itnU j bare^in fo uncquil tn take
j/licc. H'lliis Ik tru!-, it «n a pioof of a inoilcriiion wliicli
tl.c >^juriaiii'i in niofl 'jf !l..u ^xpciiiiiuns, 4cic li'.llc iiKliccil

theftf were bufied at liori.i-, iluii liulbaii.U and mile

relations employed ih'iiif. Ives in lliieviiig abroad ^

and foon bti aine fu iroiililclo'iH' to thru mw ituell-i

that the Spaniards haviii.' 1 mlc .uiinred by thrratinin?,

firing upon them, and buiniiiji foine ot their houli ,

(which wi're built of wood, and covered with p.ilni-

tree leaves) toditcr them from fuch pruiiim >, per-

cciving that all thii wan lu no puriiolr, dcjiartcd

from inencc and landed at /aniul, •^o leagues dillant, 2amul.

on the loth of the fame month, und the next d<>y

came to (luniiiiiin*, whit h illand they found to be Nuinmunt,

plcafant, and the people full of humanity, ready tu

accommodate thent with all the refreflir|icnl> which

the place atTordcd.

I hey aflerwardt failed lietwnn fcveial idinds, and
on the iilth came tu one called ttuthuan, where they Buthui'i.
were honuur.ibly entertained by the kiiii;. The peo-
ple hue, thou){h not aciiuainled with chiitlunity,
were obleived |or fiipnofcdj by Maghellan and liin
company to make the fign of the croft at their meals.
The king's palace fomcwhac rcfeinblcd a hay-loft,
being built fo high upon large pofU, that it wa> not
to be entered without ladders. I'he iflandtrs greatly
admired their new giiello, and treated them with u
kind of vrneratiun. The earth here wai faid to bf
fo rich, that large pieccii of gold, fome of the fite of
hazel-niitt and others as large as erg*<, wire procured
by fifiing the common mould of the country.

'I'he king appeared to be a well featured man, of
an olive complexion, was clothed in cotton, wore
a dagger with a ;;old haft by his fide, and was adorned
with a profulion of gold rings. Maghellan p/c-
fentcd his majelly with cloth ol various colours, and
his attendants with glalles, knives, and cryllal beads*.
1'hc illanders, who were a very lively people, fcemcd
to have no other religious rites than a certain cere-
mony which they pra^tifed, of lifting their hands and
eyes towards heaven, and calling on their cod Abba.

After palling among feveral illands, men of which
afForded barley, figs, oranges, goats, poultry, and
doves, and proved pleafant enough to the failors, the
fleet came to Zubut on the 7th of April, where their Zabui.
falute when they anchored in the port, atfirll put the
inhabitants into great terror, till the manner of the
compliment was explained to them.

Here the king at firU demanded tribute, but this
the general abfolutely rcfufed to pay ; and his Majelty
being told that thef:; ftr.ingers were Portuguefe, who/e
countrymen had before this time llormed Calicut, and
were renowned for their atcliicvements in India, he
thought fit to drop that demand, and entertained them
with great kindncfs and hofpitality. Maghellan had
influence enough to prevail upon this prince, his bro-
ther, and the queen to be baptized i a total abolition
of idolatry through the whole idand was the confe-
qiience, fo that in eight days all the inhabitants em-
braced Chriftianity.

In the ifle of Mathnn, which lies not far from ...
Zubut, Maghellan found his fate. The iiland was
under the government of two kings, from whom the
Chriftians demanded the acknowledgement of tribute.
This being refufed, an open rupture enfued, and th«
general, with only 60 Spaniards, gave battle to the
natives, whofe numbers, as they fav, amounted to
above 6000 men. After a long and /harp difpute, in
which however, the Indians loit not above fifteen, and
the Spaniards only nine men, Maghellan, being too
far engaged, was wounded with a poifoned arrow, and
a thrult III the head with a lance, which put a period T"!' K'"*"'
to his life : nor was even his body recovered from the
enemy.

Greatly difconeerted at the lofs of fo able a com-
mander, they chofe Odoardo Barbofa, a Portugiiefe,
and JuMi Serrano to fucceed him, who, with other!',

was

to i'^'tate. We arc told that the inl.alitanti fuffereil theit
gu-i.i «o cicft t ciofs ami a crown of tlinnis, Uinj; however
induccil to it by a piuui frauil of the gcneial i, who perfHaded
tlicm iliai tills crofs would prutctt tlicm from tin dan^tit fiy
ligl.tning and tcmpcftj to which lliofi coe: tiic! aie lubjeft.

tlisa>

SIR f It A N C I S D R A K I .

CiRhuUn,

Puloan,

BorMU.

w:i|H-* ot ulitaininj; it
ranrom (or him, but thi- rclJ ot the .S|)aniardii nttiling
to trrat with Cut h all 'v my on any tirm«, (.I'Icd 4WJy
and Ifft thin viiHm cnt ly in thi i_i («iwtr.

The romp.iny w<iivh rem . icd, 'to the iiuiiilKr of
80, held (HI llieir courlb luwar(l> il"- M^ 'iii.H, of
which M,i!;hill,in iHti.te his death h . h-u 1 tidinKi.
S.iiliiiii 111 llihol, thiy ihcrt burned one 01 ilu-yr Ihipt.,
n.micii the Clin "•pti"n, in orJ*l ^>" the better niw 11
tiinx and (urnilii , the other Iw Krom hciici
thiy came to l'avil<.a'>.tni inhabited by l»l.trl", iiul
a Urfji: illand called Lhipf'i where there wa. [<m'''i
with plenty of goa'n, rici , r niltrv, and Ipico.
litre they were received in an mnii iililc ni.inncr, and
It parting the prince of the coiintiy marked his bixly
•nd limb* with blood, by way of a covenant ot
peace.

After coming to Caghuiun, and Fuloan, they arrived
at Borneo, having weathcreil a ttm|K(l which overtook
them jull a« they were at the entrance of the port.

They found the illanderii to be numerous, and de-
voted to their king, who wat a Moor, and kept
great ftatc. The illand lies in <° i<" north lat. and
J 76' long, from the meridian of I,ondon. The capital
city contained no lefs thait 25,000 houfe<. Camphire,
cinnamon, oranges and lemons were the chief pro-
duce of the country. They faw elephants here and
Oore of cattle and |xiultr)-. The Spaniards were at-
tacked in this port by an Indian fleet which they de-
feated, taking prifoner t prince of the countr)^, who
however, through negligence or defign was fiiffereil
to efcape out of their hands, and presently after the
Spaniards fct fail, flill holding on their courfe fur the
Moluccas.

From Borneo they came to Cimbubon, Zolo,
Oihtt iflsiiili. and Taghima, and failing north-eaftward, arrived
at Mangandano, where they took fome Indians in
a canoe, who cave them directions which way to
ileer for the Moluccas i and after palling by feveral
other iflands, they reached the chief of thnn, called
Tiridore, or Tidore (after weathering another llorm)
on the morning of the 8th of November.
Moluccii. They found thefe ifles, which were five in num-

ber, ihoundint; in nraii»e«, Icir.mi, pn:iieff.in»t' , 'fJ

mil (pices t and tiilolo, niar I'lridore, w.'i w.'ll — — ,— w

poiplrd by NI'Miis and Hasans ^ the Uttir 01 vvhicii

weien ported, among oth<i ahliirditii'*, to aJori: th ! .

(»r(t iilijoi't ihry met witli m tli; .niiriiin|{, th'ni;h 1:1

their ni.innrrs in griieril, they wiye otho.Wilc lcl>

(iipridiiiiiui thin the M ili.mwtiiiH. — Here 4 w.tr-

liuulL- was o|Hneil, and iIil- Spaniards trad. J v^'ry ad-

vJnta)',('oiilly wirli th; native>, exilun|;iii 1, cloth,

{(III', and quicklilvcr, lor cloves and olh^-r p.'jJuits

of thi- counliy. At the Moluccas, they wi-re will

lupnlied Willi provifion, as thofo couiitrici ;ib luiidid

witli Ihcep, goals, poultry, U^,<>, fug^'r, pnmegia-

nate«, (ii;*, and oranges. They weie aitinded on

tllsir departuie by tlij k oil's of I'onie ot tho ifl:iiid .,

as f.»r as Mitri-, at which place they took ihcir leave, "'"'•

((eeriim SVV. then rompany beinu now reduced to 4')

.Spaniards and it Indians , and palling; by many oth^r

ifles, came to Timor where thry found there was hfllSfr

plitiry of gin^r, and white Sanders wood, and nu

want of necelTliry provilions.

From hence tliey lliapod their courfe for the Cape
of Ciood Mo|)e, after having waited long for the ad-
vantage of the wind, anii run down as far as ^i ,
though the Cape itfelf lies only in 34' foiitli lac.

Having rcfolvi'd not to put in at Mozambiqiu',
though in want of provifioiis wli .n they palled near
that coa(f, for fear of the I'ortugu.-lo who wore there,
thefe adventurers found themfelves in extreme dillrrls: fn dlrtrofs fur
on this account before they reached St. James's, on" I'liviliom.
of the Cape Verd iflands, where, notwithllandini; |,^, ;„ „ .j,
there was as much to be appiiheiiJcd from the fame |<,iits's
enemy, yet their litiiation was (iich, that they defi r
mined to run all ha/ards rather than to pcriOt with
hunger. On this account they put in there, and were
at (ir(l fupplicd with provilions, but 13 of their crew V,'Ucie 1 1 irc
being detained prifoners by the Portucuefc at the I"'"'' '"'"
fecond time of landing, the reft weighed anchor, """'"■
hoiftcd fail, and made the bcft of their way home
without them. Thefe being wafted on by brilk and fa-
vourable gales, arrived in fafety at the port of St.
Lucar, near Seville, on the jtn day of S^-ptember,
under the conduA of John SebaUian Camo • ; the
whole voyage having taken up the fpacc of three
years and thirty-feven days.

«...,

THE VOYAGES OF SIR FRANCIS DRAKE,

The Firft Engiifli Circum-navigator.

Account of
Drike'i
voyice with
Sir lolinlJaw-

FRANCIS DRAKE, was one of the twelve
children of Mr. Edmund Drake, of Tavidock
in Devonfhirc. This gentleman being much in-
clined to the protellant religion, and living in the
reign of Queen Mary I, was obliged to retire from
his native place and fix himfclf in Kent, in order to
avoid the perfccutions of that prejudiced princefs.
In the reign of her lifter and fucceflor, a(rairs t.-iking
a different turn both in regard to religion and politics,
he was made a chaplain in the royal navy.

There appears to be a kind of cloud of uncertainty
generally hanging over the origin of celebrated per-
fons. The patronai^ given to Francis Drake (like
the birth of Columbus, whofc very name was in dif-
pute) Teems to be a matter not cafy to be tracedf.
We can only find that he was one of four brothers
ba-d to the (ca, and took an earlv delight in attend-
ing to nautical (ludies, and practical navigation.

The firff voyage in which he has been noticed was
that in which he iHcd as captain of a ftiip called the
Judith, bound to the Weft Indies, under the com-

• He was urcitly honoureil liv the kini; on liis return, who
B«ve him for liis arms the tcrrcatial glotc, Willi lliis motto,
frlnui mt eircumdedifli.

t Camden fays that F. Drake w« put anprfmlce to the
miflerof airailing vtflbl, who dying left liim Ins (hip. Stoivt
fayi that his great patnn wai Francis Rulli-l, altcrwatd^ Duke
cf Bedford. ChriltojilKr Columbus has generally Ixcn faiU 10

mand of Sir John Hawkins, whom wc find fet down
to be his near relation.

Some of the viceroys and governors, though tlioy
were exprefsly forbidden to encourage the trade of
thefe difcovercrs who failed cowards the new world,
were yet found often fecretly to aflift them, and fome-
tiines after that aflidancc given, when they had ob-
tained all they could cxpe£t, are reportcil to have
feizcd on what had been acquired by this contra-
band trade — which is' no more than an additional
proof of the abufes Incident to power when intereficd
men are in polTeflion of it.

Sir John Hawkins's little fleet, among which was
the Judith (as we have before taken notice) bcinr
forced by (trcfs of weather into the port of S. John
d'Ulloa in the Bay of Mexico, where they waited
to take in piovifions, twelve fail of Spaiiifti vefllls
arriving foon after from Europe, the harbour was di-
vided by agreement between the (hipping of the t^vo
nations, and hottagesj given on cither fjde, for the
prefervation of peace between them.

But

he ori^inilly of the name of Colon, but how he came by hit
oilier sppellation. Is uncertain, and feemi to have remained <
mj'flery even to his own family.

J It appc-irtd attcrwardi that though the Enelilh fent fix
Kiitleimn, the Spanilh hnnjgei Were only fix ion.mon men.
drelfcil up for the occafion.

*r H E VOYAGES OF

1570

But this continucil liot long ; lor th<- viceroy, fome
Weeks after, rcgarJlcfs of an agreement which he
might be inclined to confider as 11 matter of nectf-
Trochery of fity, the Engliih being in abfolutc pollcnion of the
the Mexican harbour on his arrival, ordered a fuddcn attack to be
viccjov, ^^^^ ^^ gjj. j^i^ij Hawkins's fleet, while the officers

were at dinner, and caufed the £ngli(h on fliore to be
maflacred. Jn the fca-fight, out of four trading vef-
fels3werc funk. 'I'he Alinion, Captain Hampton,
was boarded, but the adailants were repulled, and
the Spanifh vice admiral blown up, after which two
veflcls were f.t on fire, and turned adrift in order to
burn the Englifli admiral's Ihip the Jefus, and nlfu
the Minion, from which ihcy liad before fuftercd a
rcpulfc i the former wasdettroycd, after having Jhiftcd
the commander and the crew on board the Judith ; and
the latter put to fea and got clear of them.

But this cfcape infured not fafcty to Sir John Haw-
kins who was didrefled with the crews of two vclTels
on board a fingle one, which had not provifions for
threat pnrt of them, at the Tame time that there was every thing to
tlic cicjv lanil- apprehend from the enemy, along whofe coalt they
fn.ri'!,„", ,,fi failed ; yet 1 00 of ihcfc men chofe to be landed on this
holtile more, all of whom except hvc, pcrilhcd by
fvvord, famine, ficknefs, or fatigue*.

The Judith, however, with the remainder of the
crew arrived in England, Mr. Drake having had the
credit of contributing greatly by his prudent manage-
ment to the lucky cfcape of thofc who were removed
from the Jefus on board his own vcilel, and tonduct-
.iig her under favour of the night from the fcene of
adtion.

This misfortune of Sir John Hawkins, could not
but be felt by his relation, who maJe this period the
sera of his refcntmcnt to the Spaniards, from whom
no reparation could be gotten, as they all'.dged the
Engliih carried (n an illicit trade to then coalh,
which could not be juftificd by the queen of Great
Britain f.

Befides his refentments to Spain, Dr«kc had his pri-
vate inteiefts to gratify, which we (hall find he never
lod fight of in all his undertakings, and to which he
fometimcs even facrificed juftice as will appear in the
fetiuel.

Thus ftimulalcd, he made a voyage in 1570 with
two (hips under his command, called the Dragon and
the Swan, and in 1571 with the Swan only. Both
thefe voyages were undertaken chiefly on his own ac-
count, but it feems that (experience excepted) they
did not turn out much to his advantage.

The next year, when the nation was on the eve of a
war with Spain, this adventurer however fitted out
the P: fcha a letter of marque of 70 tuns, toffcthcr
with the Swan of 50, commanded by his brother John,
having 73 men on board the two vcrfels, and embarked
onanothcrcxpedition. Thcyclearcd theLand's Endon
the 1 2th of May, having favourable winds they pafied
between Dominica and Guadalupe at the end of June,
and, on the 6th of July came in fight of Santa Maria.

Thefe veflcls whofe deftination was for Nombrc dc
Diof, came on the 15th day of the month to Port
Pheafant, which lay at a convenient diftance for the
defigns they had formed, and where Drake intended to
build two or throe finall pinn.iccs, the materials and
frame-work of which he had had the cautioit to take
with him.

(joing on fliorc here, he was furprifed to find a plate
of lead nailed to a tree, with a few lines engraven on
it by an Englifliman, of the name of CJaret, who
ijviit thatcoaft. ^^j ,^j.j j^^j p]^jj. ,^^ j^y ^f^^^ Yhe fubftance of

what he found fet down there, was to advife him to
make no ftay, as the Spaniards had by fome means
found out that he intended to vifit them in thofc partb.

• Sixty-five fell into the SpaniarJs banilt, and were put to tlie
tcrture, and three burnt«li« in the inquilition. Only two of
thefe lived to return home.

t Sir John Hawkinieilabridicd the flave tradeto the coaflof
Guinea. .

t It is faid that the filvcr was piled up in hart, tlic pile in
length 70, in brcaddi lOi and 11 feet in height. It \\n hiu

Other voy-
agers.

•>*.

I> warned to

Notwithftanding tliis friendly advjrtir^rrcnt, Dnlcfj
fortifying himfeif as will as hecmlJ, rel./vid to com-
plcat the building of his pinr.cci;. litre he ir.tt with
one Captain Raufe, who inlorir.cd him of tliefitua-
tioii of the Symeron.', a li;t of revolted ncHioes who
li;id fettled theinfelves on catli fiuc of the neck of land
which feparatcs Nombre de Dios from Panama, and
had become a terror to 1 lie Spixninrds. Tliis captain
being invited by rhe I'.nglllh cmmandtr, aj;retd to
(hare with him tlie dangers and adv»lltogcs of tlie en-
terprise wherein he was < nyigrd. Aceonlin^-lv they
fet fail together, and having touched .it the Ifleot Pinw
on the night of the jiSth of July, cal'iiif anchor iinper-
ceivcd under the iliore. learing tli.'.t'his men iliruld
be difpiritcd from the nction.i which they l-..id con- r . 1 . «
ceived of the Spaniards being prepared for them, j./^^^ 'i,,";!j /""
Drake rcfolved on an immediate atiaclt, l.iiuled with-
out oppofilion, and polleffed himfeif of the quav,
which tlioiigh fiinilied with fi.\ large piece'.; of oiil-
nance, had but one gunner to fcrvc them. He p .e-
fently afterwards engaged and dLl'eiitd! the f,icc!. drawn ,'

toother to oppofe hirr, obliging I'uch as he li.al t?kcn '" ^■~'

prifoners to conduct him and his people to the govLT-
nor's houfe, and to tiie ftorchoiife, wh'T.- thev huiiul
treafures to an amazing union 11 1 j. Vet the CJuic-
ral, in the midll of his futccfs v.as not without his
apprehenfions that the retreat of tli.- com|iU"reroi(,
mij'ht be cut olf, if they were not fpeedv in CACtuting
and well prepared to enforce it. Their greedy d«lirc of
emafling wealth was plainly an oLlliicU; to his plan ;
but at hll, by proniifing to lead than to tiie king's
treafury, where tiicrc was more in amount, and yet
lefs cumbrous in conveyance j he tliiis iK-rfii.ulid ilum
everyone to return with his bar of filverto ilio ni;ir-
ket place, where a body of men had been Icfi, w ho ex-
prerted their fears that the enemy niiuht get poiiellioii
of the boats; but this proved a vain a|piehcnlion, and
the commander led his troops forward, llill entertaii'.-
ing the delignof plundering the royal treafury, whiih
was prefently entered by thisadventiiious ecMup.uiy.

But a wound which Drake li.id received in hin leg
at the beginning of the engagement, and which lun ^•„ ,i;c
had hitherto concealed, being now dilcoveied, he was .m, -^j 1,! ,
conveyed, to all ap|Karancc dead, on board of one of •Vkjund.
the boats ; the plunderers feeing him in this fitu.-ii:in,
were glad to embark at break of day with wiiat tna- .»,

fure they could bcft carry ofi", and t.iking with them a
floop they found laden with wines in the haiboiir,
with which and the fruits of the country, they ro-
frefhed thcmfelves at th? Ifland of Ballimento. f mm
hence the Englifh refolved to return to the Ille if
Pines, were they h.id left their fliips, and parted from
Captain Raufe, the latter not judging it proper to In:
any longer in their company.

But Drake, who had been cured of his wound'-',
notwithftanding this rcfolution of his colleaixue, fkored
alonz the coalt, and endeavoured to fuiprifeCarthaLnna, .^, .
but convinced by the voluntary inlormation ol an old jiji,,,^,!.
man whom he found alone in a frigate, and l.-y tlie
firing of warning gun?, that the enemy was a; a. v of
him, he defifted from this dangerous enterprise, hut
took a Ihip of Seville, and two fmall frigate!:, v. iiii
Icttersof advice relative to his expedii'ji), i\\c iuifr-
cepting which cvuld not hut be uleiul tj lilm in his
defigns.

Being now dtfirous of dcf^roying the Svv.ui, a'- lur ji^ c..,„
feared that the projeiit would he dif^giei.iili- to llv: Jc.h.,- lJ.
officers, who m'.ilt be deprived i4' their coiniiii/fionj,
being llldom at a hifs lur ariifiee, he pirfii.'.dj.i ih-,;
carptntcr to bore luiles in her bottom one iiiglit, .nnd
the next morning having rownl up to lur and invil-.d
his hnither on board, lie pretenJa! to he iu.-i)rii.d at
the hold filling fo lalt with wat^r, and in tiie end,

iirt':d

A treaty «
the byoiero

■■$

:.%

-An iiiteirptto
take the pin-
naces mif-
cartic-s,

Captain fohn fo

DrakcSdcl,. h;

if.

■T

Tlie men nf-
flifled ulrh a
•alentuie.

cd
th
pc

tui

that ihc mulci brinjin;; the treafure Iroin Tan-iinj wire ufjjlly
unloaded,

( .\ Sitarifih (rj-.tlcmin c.imc nn hoird hcfiire thcv fried, 'O
knuw whtiliev theii Kn!<lini arms wie poiloncd, or wlii:th=i'
their Capt.iin w.is that Diakcwhuha.l iicloie liceiion tlicircinlh.
To the loimtrciucrtiou he received a ncgiuivc, to the latter an
alfirmaiive aiilwer.

in <
the

on }
was
hari

read

,-.^ -,-_-. V T

SIR FRANCIS DRAKE.

-7

ur^jrtl the crew to fct fire to her, and go on bflard the
Paltha; by which conduff, he alfo foutid means the
better to man his pinnactf.

VIk fleet failed out next tow.irds Darien, keeping
cleai of the coaft, which had been fo latily alanncd.
IKri; they arrived in the fpace of fix days, carciiiing
their velfeln and taking in wood, water, and friih
provifions, after which they left it on the 5th of Sip-
tember, holding their courfe towards Rio (irande,
and on the <)th of that month, were difcovered by a
f'/ Spaniard from the ftiore, who miltaking them for

' friends, made a fignal for them to land. Tlii'; they

foon did, and when the man found his miftake he fled
with precipitation.
A treaty «itli ^^hat Drake had heard of the Symerons indiicing
the Symerons.him to wifti to treat with them, he h.id fcnt his bro-
ther Captain John Drake in fearch of them. Hy
means of the negroes taken at Nombre de Dios,
touching at the main land, two of thefe Symerons
came on board his fhip, two of the crew being left as
hoftagcs for their fafe return. An interview being
appointed with their leaders, Drake quitted this
place where he had been well fupplied with every
thing, and to which he had given the name of Port
Plenty, and was condufted into a fecret bay, amongft
a number of woody ifland?, extremely beautiful, and
w here they were protefted by a narrow rocky channel
from the fi;ar of a night furprife. In this place a
treaty was concluded on, and thefe fugitive negroes
farther informed their new friends, that had they come
fooner on that coaft, they might have been fupplied
with gold, which was the principal thin^ that they
fought after ; but the rainy feafon now let in, pre-
vented the poflibility of procuring it from the bottoms
of the rivers wherein thejr had lodged great quantities,
;J; in order to hide the trcamre from their niafters.

#r As it was now judged proper to remain in this

iij fecret fituation during the rains, a fort was con-

it ftrufted in furh a manner as the materials aiid fitua-

tions of theEnglifti would admit of, in a place where in
all probability littledefence would be wanted. Drake
however left his brother with a fmall force, and
failed for Rio de la Hacha, and in his way came to
Carthagcna, where a fpy, as he afterwards was found
to be, came on board, who would have perfuaded
the Englifh to remain at anchor there in hopes of
great afliftance from him, but in reality, with a view
of giving the governor an opportunity of railing the
country.
An attempt to This was on the 17th of O.Sober, and on the 20th
t«ke the pin- two frigates endeavoured to furprife the pinnaces,
BMfimil- but this dcfign was difcovered, and Drake ftill kept
times. cruifing along the fliore while the hills were covered

with armed men *, but he found at laft that it was
to little purpofe j yet fortune fo far favoured him, as
to throw in his way a ftjip laden with provifion<:, of
which he happily made prize, at a time when the
fcarcity of thcin was moft fenfibly felt by himfelf and
all his company.

After this (ucccfs, the commander determined to
return to his brother and the Symerons j but he
found that during his abfence Captain John Drake
. had been engaged in an attempt ^ich coft him and
one of his countrymen their lives ; this was an en-
deavour to board and take a Spanifli frigate, that was
well provided for defence. I'his fatafcircumftance
was the confequenceof his complying with the repeat-
ed felicitations of his men to venture on wh.it he
thought 'and reprefented to them to be a mad and dcf-
pcratc undertaking.

At this time a malignant fever, called the Calen-
ture, broke out among the men, and of this diftem-
VoL. I. N" 3.

C«p*aMi Join

Tiie men af-
i!i£)eil \\\t\\ »
Mientuie.

" We hire an account iliat Drake liimfcir leaped on ihort
in (lefianca of their troops an action which, if he wai within
the reach of their arms, was a mod unpartlonahle raflinefs in one
on whofe life the fuccc^t of this ettterprtfu depended, and if he
was out of dancer from them, was totally vain, and fams to
hart been as ridiculous a bravado as ever we rci.icmber to have
read of in hidory.

t At night they relied under wif^vraitit which were naile bj-

per Jofeph Drake diiu, wiio wa; r;noi'.K-r of Mr.
Krancis Drake's hiothirs. In the nic.ui tiir.c, tidings ■-
were brought of the ;uriv:!l ol' tlie .Sp.u.,(!i flrct at
Nombre de Dios and this w,\s tliful^ne tlie f.-iifon '|'"',;^
when the trealuiis of I'tru were to be ti aiifported y^^',
over land from Panama to that port. This was aii
opportunity which it could not be thoni;ht one of
Drake's difpofition would lofe. Thoii;;li hi- had hem
deprived of 28 of his comjiAny by ficknel-, )\.i not nt
all diCpirited, Kavin;.; t tew men to jiiiaril liis Ihip,
he fet out at the head of oiilv iK Lnjjlifti and 30
Symerons, with a diTign of making himlelf mailer ot
this treafurr.

Thefe Synicroii'-. were extremely ufeful as guider.
They were likewife very expert at Itilliiig w ith arroA -
and javelins of various fi/.es, wild l)oais, (lags, an.j
fowls, and with thefe helps togeth' \ "th the prol'u-
(ion of fruits that they found on tlie banks of the
rivers as they palled along, the adventurers found
tlunifelves well fupplied with provifions, hiid beinij
led for the moft part through wonds and lofty ftiades,
marching at tlieir eafe, and repoling every dayatllatcd
times, they foiind nothing vei-y tircfomc in their
journey, t

In their way they came to a town creeled by thefe
Symerons, which was built on the declivity ot a hill
fortified by a mud wall, and encompafled by a ditch.
Here Drake was defired to ftay, and a numlier of men
promifed to him in addition to his prefent force, but
not judging it proper to accept thefe oft'ers, he pro-
cecde-d on his Journey, the Symerons ferving .is guards
and guides, clearing the way before the Englifti.

On the nth day of February, the company ar-
rived at a hill, on the fummit of whieh grew a lofiy
tree, to the top of which -having afcended by ftep.s
cut for the purpofe, they found an alcove, from whence
both feas were to be viewed. y\t the fight of the
great Pacific Ocean, on which as yet no veflel of his
nation ever had failed, Drake carneftly implored hea-
ven to aflitt him in the purpofe he then conceived of
venturing on thole feas in Englifti lhip>, with the
firft favourable opportunity, a dcfign which wc fliall
find after his return home he fpared no pains to ac-
complifii.

The grafs of the level country in this region grow-'
Ing as high .is bulrufties, is obliged to be confumed by
fire, and notwithftanding the conflagration, which
obliges the cattle to fly or perifti, and covers the
ground with afhe;, yet fuch is the ftrcngth of the foil
in thofe parts, that within a month alter this me-
thod has been ufcd, the valley appears again to be
entirely covered with frcfti verdure. Such is the fer-
tility of the foil upon this ifthmus, which however,
is fo fituated that there is great reafon from the various
changes of nature to conclude that it will one dav,
by earthquakes or the force of the watry clement, Ik-
totally dcftroyed, and leave that free communication
between the two oceans, which was was once vainly
fought for there and found only by Cape Horn and
the ftreightsof MajjhcIIan.

A Symeron being difpatched for intelligence, re-
turned with the flattering tidings : That the trea-
furer of Lima would pafs the next night with eight
mules loaded with gold, and one with jewels, towards
Venta Cruz, whither the company immcdi.itcly di-
rected their courfe, and having furprifed a fleeping
Spanifli foldier, had their intelligence confirmed by
the frightened captive. This man likewife cautioned
them not to be deceived by the appearance of the car-
riers from Nombre de Dios, who were to meet the
others by the way, and who had no gold in charge,
though their bcalls would be loaded with merchandife

>:l'.il rwdt

and

fetringpnlls in the pround, wiih poles laid from OM to the
other, in tlie manner of a roof, tliatchinj; them with palmetto
boui;hs and plantain leaves. In the vailicsthcy left almut fout
feet next the j;tound open ; hut on the hills where they virre
more cxpofed to the nurpiicfs of the nif;ht air, ihefc wigwams
were thatched clofe to the ground, t door only '"■"g left tr.i
an oyfDing t* let cut the (make,

THE VOYAGES OF

Attempt oti
tlie mules
loaded wiili
crialurc.

1 573 snd provlflons. He then demanded protcflion, and
y I rcqucftcd, as he had dealt fincerely with the Englifli,
and could never dare to return to his oWn country-
men, that they would be fo good as to allow him fuch
a portion of the treafure as would maintain hinifelf
and family, which requeft he oblcrved was but rea-
fonable, as the Englifn, if they fuccecded, would be
Aire of feizinz more gold and jewels than thcycouli
carry away. This was agreed to, and Drake head-
ing the Englifli, and Oxcnham of Plymouth, to wliofe
charge the riches of Nombrc dc Dios had been com-
mitted, alTifting Pedro the Symeron in the command
of the n^roes, the two parties laid themfelves flat in
the grafs at a convenient diftance for attacking the
convoy in front and rear, and every thing fcemvd to
favour this bold undertaking.

But, as chance will frequently difcon ;crt the mod
prudent meafurcs, fo this defign of plunder was de-
feated by one of thofe accidents which it is not in hu-
man prudence to forefee. — Though cxprcfs orders had
been given not to ineddle with fuch mules as came
from Vcnta Cruz, but only with thofe which came
forward from Panama, yet one Robert Pike, who was
in liquor, and his companion, miftakijig the former
for the latter, put themfelves in motion to be ready
for an attack. Being difcovercd by the officer who
accompanied the merchandife, he caufed the carriers
and their hearts to quicken their pace, acircumftance
which neither Drake nor Oxcnham obferved.

Lying ftill in their ambulh, they fooli after per-
ceived the mules advancing from the road that led to
Panama. Thefe were inftantly attacked in front and
rear, and fecured, as had been agreed upon. Two
only were found laden with filver, and the reft with
provifions. The drivers who were made prifoners
informed Drake that the officer having reported that
he fufpedled an ambufli was laid for the gold, the trea-
furer ordered only two mules loaded with Hlvcr to pro-
ceed from Panama, the others being fent back, and
fix of thofe lately arrived from Vcnta Cruz put in
their room. The experiment fucceeded as we have
found J the drunkenncfs of one of Drake's follow-
'^"t^"'?"'' '''' ^^'' defeated the defign, and the commander himfe'lf
"'"''■ concluding that the country would be alarmed, was

at firft not a little perplexed what to rcfolvc upon,
where (his own people excepted) every one mull be
confidered as an enemy. But one of Drake's beft
qualities for helping him at his need wa;: prcfencc of
mind. In this exigence, at once perceiving the im-
probability of marching back in fafety by the fame
way that he came, he pcrfuaded his people and the
S)rnerons to halkn forward to Vcnta Cruz, where
they .irrived after marching in great fccrecy j yet they
found the Spaniards not unapprifcd of their coming.
An aiition cnfucd i the militia were routed, hnd the
Symerons could not be hindered from plundering the
town J though Drake, who had always much of the
fpccious appearance of virtue, took care to make a
merit of prefcrving the ladies from affronts. He
then continued his march towards the ihipping, in
tlie courfe of which the Englifh were greatly affifted
bv thcSymcrons; as when one of the former fainted,
two of the latter, who were very (lout men, would
carry him betwcin them.

\Vithin five leagues from their (hips they found a
town which the Symerons had conftrufled while they
wtre abfent, one of whom being difpatched for that
purpofe, procured a pinnace to be fent to meet them,
and on the 23d of February, Drake's whole company
were joined, which junction was celebrated by a
tliankjgiving.

They now began to find themfelves in want of pro-
vifions, and fome of the Symerons had propofed a
jouritey over' land, in order to furprife the ftorehoufe
of one Pezaro near Veragua, whofe flaves, as they
' faid, brought him near 20olb. weight of gold every
day. But this was not agreed to j on the contrary
the two pinnaces called the Bearand the Minion, were
manned ; the former was fent for provifions towards
Tolu, and Drake himfclf went in the Utter towards

the Cabezes, dcfigning to intercept the treafure which
was to be tranfpuucd from Veragua and that coalt to
Noinbre df Diiw. As to the Synieronf, he difiniflcd
with priTi'iits futh as chofe to dip.Tt, giving orders
for kind treatment to any that wiiiud to iviiuin. At
the Cabezes he took a frigate, the pilot of wliicli
gave him intelligence that in the harbour of Veragua
there was a fliip which had on board above a million
of gold. It is eafy to be imagined that an adventurer
whofe objeil was plunder, was eager to attempt io rich
a prize \ but no fooner had he arrived in the hailiour,
than he heard warning guns fired, and anliviicj
by others along the coall, l.y which the pilot told liini
he might conclude his deficit was dili-overtd ; and ac-
cordingly hcdefirted from his enterprife.

In the mean time his other pinnace hud taken afii- • "*

gate with 28 fat hogs, and u quantity of poultry.
Phis vefiel they fitted up for war, and as a f.;coiul at-
tempt on Nonibre de Dios was refolvcd on, he fct fi.il
with her alid the IJcar, towards the Cabezes. Arii-somtFrerth-
ving there withing two days, he found a Frenchir.;.-) .r.;i- i in ilic
called Totu, with a (hip of war i having fuppli>il '■ 'ii"'''-
him with water, it was, agreed upon that he lliuuid
be an aflbciatc in the expedition. Proceeding for
Rio Francifco, they arrived there on the 301I1 of
March, the Frenchman accompanying them. After
marching above twenty miles, they at length perceived
an efcort of three droves of mules coming iVi-m Pana-
ma, which confided of 909, each niulecirryini.: .diout
30olb. weight of filver. Tho French C.iptain and Tlicvfcireon
one of the Symerons were woiMided in the .iti.4ck,''"; '''""■■','"'"
which ended in the adventurers niakini; them III vcs „_,,,. j_
mailers of the treafure, a great part of wtiich tlicy hid
in the thickets, and determined torelurn the I'^iiie way
that they came. In their retreat th'.y left the wounded
French captain with two of hisiiuii in the woodr.,
and a third was miflcd on the march ; who being in-
toxicated had not followed the guides, and confe-
quently had loft himfelf in the intricicies of the coun-
try. Arriving at Rio Francifco on the 3d of April,
wnen they went in fearch of their pinnaces, to t.'ieir
no fmall furprife they defcried fevcii Spani/h (loops,
from which circumftancc they concluded that news of
their proceedings had been carried to Nombre de Dio?, Alarmed hir
and were in great anxiety left their pinnaces fliould be"'* '"•' ' ",•. ,
taken, and the crews perhaps be conipelkd to difco- •""'
vcr where their (hips lay. Drake allowed that it
might be poOible the pinnaces might have fallen into
the enemies hands ; yet if this were <b, the taking of
the boats, the examination cf the men, and the dil-
covery of their (liips, could not be the operation of
a moment i he therefore urged that the cafe was not '. •■ •

yet fo defperate as at firft it misht appear. Neverthe-
iefs there were ftill fuch obitacles as it required the
greateft extent of courage and prefence of mind to
overcome. They were not in polTeflion of any boats,
and to get by land to their (hippinn, they muft pali) Drake's
over high mountain*, through woods almoft impene- feiiemc fur
trable, and even then would be interrupted by ftreams''"" il'l""-
and rivers in their courfe. While the men were re- '""■
fleding on thefe difficulties, their commander was de-
vifing the means to extricate himfelf from them, and
to fave his little company. He ordered a raft to be
made of fome trees which were then floating in the ri-
ver, and embarked together with two Englilhmen
named Owen and Smith, and two Frenchmen, and
after having failed three leagues, happily difcovered
his pinnaces : Having hailed them, he refolvcd that
they (hould anchor behind a point of land, in order to
lie concealed, while he returned to the (hore, and ac-
quainted his then with his fuccefs. They rowed to
Rio Francifco the fame night, and all embarked with
what treafure they could convey away, then failing
back,' they returned to the frigate, and afterwards to
the (hip, where they divided their booty.

The Frenchman s (hip remained among the Ca-
bezes, while the £ngli(h were refitting, \ and during
this interval of fourteen days, twelve Englifltmeii and
fixteen Symeruns travelled up the country in fearch of
the French captain. They did not find him, but dif-
• covered

li If.;

}iltlUimmi

itt^

SIR FRANCIS DRAKE.

Account of
llie French

Arriies at
>')vmuuil).

covered one of his countrymen who had ftaid with

his companion to attend their commander. Tliis

man told them that within half an hour after Drake's

departure, a body of Spaniards furprifcd the wounded

captain ; the other Frenchman might have got away as

capmn b mif- ^|.|| ^ jj^ ^.^^^ rtlated the ftory, but cndcavourinj; to

loriuuc. fecure a box of jewels, being already encumbtnd \\ ith

gold, the weight effeflually prevented his efcape. As

to the treafurc hidden in the ground, it appeared that the

other Frenchman, who as we have already mcntion(.(l,

was left drunk in the woods, being found there by the

Spaniards, was forced by torture to confrfs where it

was buried, by which they recovered far the greater

part of it, havmg narrowly examined the fpot for that

purpofc.

TJriV.e hiving Being now convinced that his harvcft in thefe parts

rfifmilTcd ihc ^js pretty well over, the Englifh commander having

^"^^'J'^*^';'"'"difmiiredthc French and Symcrons*, had the good

iL'av'cs'tlU'coail fortune in his way to take a frigate laden with pro-

olAniciica. vi/ioMS and honey, and left the coafts of Ameiica,

which he had fo long been employed in plundering,

or keeping in pLrpau.-tl alarm, having bcfiJes taken

at fea lOO veflels of different fizes, between Carthagtna

and Kombre dc Diosf.

Notwithllanding fcveral difappointmcnts which
thefe adventurers met with, it is certain that they
mud have acquired a confiderable treafurc in this ex-
pedition, which having thus happily accompliihed,
they ftecred direiUy homewards, and alter a profptrous
voyage, arrived at Plymouth on Sunday the 9th of
Auguft, in the afternoon, where the congregation
r«n out of church to congratulate the adveitturers on
their arrival, and to gratify their own curiofity.

Drake, whatever might be his private charafter,
how unjuftifiable foever his depredations might be,
pofllfnng the fpirit of adventure,- for which the age
wherein he lived was particularly diJlinguifhcd, ac-
quired the good-will and rcfpeft of the praple, and
the notice of his fovercign, whofc hatred to Spain
was implacable. This princefs about four years nfttr-
trards thought proper to countenance an undertaking
of his, for which it fcems, on political accounts,
flie never granted him a commilfion, though it is
faid that ihe condcfcended to become a private ad-
venturer.

When a man is thoroughly engaged in views of
ambition or intereft, nothing will fcem hard to him
ToyaKc round ((,,( ^j]) gjyj jjj^^ ^ chance of gratifying his favourite
uic woiiu. pjflion. This was the cafe with Drake : having had
a view of the great South Sea, he was refolved that no
human obftacle (hould oblige him to dcfift from his
endeavours of viflting America again, and fpreading
his fails upon that ocean. Indefatigable as he was in
purfuit of this deflgn, it was not however till the
year 1577 that he collcilcd a force fuflicient to man
five veflels, and by a pretended royal authority, ap-
peared as admiral, or, as the phrafu then was, general
of the fquadron.

The fleet confided of the Pelican, of 100 tons,
Ivhich he commanded, the vice admiral's (hip the
Elizabeth, of 50 tons, John Winter commander ;
the Marygold, of 30 tons, undor John Thomas j the
Swan, of 50 tons. Captain John Chcfter j and the
Chrillopher, of 15 tons, which w.is committed to the
charge of the carpenter who was fo compliant as to
deilroy the Swan, in the manner already related, in
the former voyage.

Drake manned thefe (hips, which were equipped
(partly at his own expcnce and partly at that of
others) with 164 failors, caufing them to be well

rreparitioni
f(ir Oiakt'

'5;;

• Tliefe latter he lewanled hy t;ivinc thtni the iron of the pin-
cacct he liroke up at the Cahc/cst knowing tl<ai ihofe people
vrho were in their infant Hate, thought no prefcnt uf moie va-
lue than a quaniiiv of that metal. Their chief Pctiro, howerer,
being (Icfireil to cliufc from any of the fliipi what h« hked hel>,
feenii lu have been more refined, for lie fined upon a (cvmltar
let with Jewell, which had been prefented to Drake hy tlie
French captain. However he infiOcd un fjivin;; four platet or
quoitt ol guld for it, Khicli the Rnglilk camniandcr at fitU rC'

IJored with neceflary provifions, .md ulfo |1.U;,- l',;r
his own table, and failed nut ivni to tunnlh tliL'
cook-room with filvcr iitiniil.>^, partly lo cixi.ni.uul
what might be deemed a neccll;iiv rjpect, a.iil pr-
haps partly to gratify a vanity kUiie.i 111 fori;' u-
'iar chararters is found to be united with ..a .11 a-
ricious difpofition.

This wary commander, notwithrtandiii;^ his fume Sailors cnyijr.
had been blown abroad, yet confiJering ihjt the dif- e.i lui j>,.\.,te
fic-ulties to which his men had been fubje(!t in a for- "'•'''^''^"'J'lJ.
mer voyage, were not unknown, had engaged tiie
failors whom he now got together for a vu);ii;e to
Alexandria, nor were they made acquainted with his
real dcfign till they had reached the coaft of Brafil.

All things being prepared for the voyage, L)rake if^. f..;^ f,(„„
failed from Plymouth on the 15th of November, but I'lynv,u:!i.
.ifterwards was forced by bad wcarlier into Falmouth, ^ ii^,,n.
where he was obliged to Hay refitting his vcfi'-is till
the 13th of December, when he took his departure
with all the aiil'piccs of a more prol'perous voyiige.

On the 27th of the fame month the fleet t:ime to
an anchor at Mogadore, an illand.tbout a milcilillaiit
from the main on the coall of Barbary. Havini;, as
before got ready the frames of his pinnaces, he- be^;'.n
here to put them together. The Moors obferviiig
what was going forward, fent two of their chiefs on
hoard the admiral's (hip rei'civin^ two of his people as
hoftages, who were extremely well treated bv the com-
mander, with a view of giving thefe llrangers a good
opinion of the Englifli nation.

But the next day this friendly intercourfe ce.ileJ.
One John Frye leaping on (hore from the (hip'.- boat,
which had been fent as before, wa-. made a prliimer,
mounted on horfeback, and conveyed up the coinury.
Though this man was afterwards dlfr.-.iiil.d with apo-
logies and aOurances that the Moors had millaken the
En;5li(h for the Portuguefe, from whieh latter they
expetted an Invafion, yet the comniander refolved to
make no longer Ihiy here but departed on the l.;ll day
of December, and after having taken feveral Spani(h
veflels in his way, arrived at Cape Blanco, on the
17th of January, where the Englilh and the natives
carried on a friendly traffic to the convenience of both
parties.

After this, having plundered and difehargcd their
captives, they failed for the Cape Verd illaiids, and
anchored before Mayo on the 2-th of January, but
could get no provifions, becaufu the Portuguefe in
thofc parts had Doen forbidden to hold any intercourfe
with them.

On the 31ft of the fame month they paffid by St.
Jago, where the Portuguefe who had difpoHefled the
natives of a great part of the illand, under pretence of
traffic, lived very unhappy, on account of the in-
roads of fuch of the aborigines of the country as hav-
ing fled to their wtxxls and mountains, were perpe-
tually making Incurfions upon their conquerors. As
the fleet pafled by this ifland, three pieces of cannon
were difcharged at them, though without doing ex-
ecution. Yet in revenge for the infult they conceived
to be offered them, they took a Portuguefe vefTel la-
den with wines, fetting on (hore all the crew, except
Nuno da Sylva, the pilot, whom they found after-
wards very ufeful to them on account of his know-
ledge of tne American coafts.

About this time a dlftcrcnce happened between the
commander and Mr. Doughty his friend, the occafion
and circumltances of which have Ken differently re-
lated i but according to the bcft authorities it took
its rife in the improper conduct of I'homas Drake {,

which

fufcd, hut being compelled to take it, threw it into the com-
mon IWk, which wai thought only an olU-ntatious difplav o(
hif pcnerofitv.

t He i;^ laid to have been particularly careful not to dedror
anv of tlicfe hut fucti as were fitted out againi^ him.

Z One who was an eye-witncfs of ilw tnnfafiion, relates it
in the following manner : " Captain Drake havinc boarded the
" (hip of Nuno da Svlva, and feallcd his eyes with the view of
" the commotlitiei, iic coininiltcd the cullod^ and welt order-

iog

1 II £ V O Y A G r.

O V

i?/*

Uii-J.

«liicli his hrotluT «.i« fo fir from ptinifliin ' oi rcpre
hciuling, tliut froni tli;: moment he was inroimcd of
it, he conctivi'd iiii implacable hatred agaiiill the
actufer. In the coiiric of their viyagc they came to
Fo^o, which has a burning mountain in the middle
of it J the inhabitants are Pnrtiigm fe. Two If-a^itcs lo
the foiithward they made Hrava, which abounded with
fruits nf all forts, and was beCdes well watered, but
there being no good harbour was the rcafon for which
they conceived that no inhabitants were to b; found
in fo fertile an ifland. Here Drake watered, and then
continued his courfe for Krafil, pafling the equator
on the 17th of l"ebru;MV, after experiencing the in-
mnveniences of calms and ftorins which de&iincd them
for three weeks ( nor did thty reach the Brafilian
coaft till the 5tii of April, having in the mean time
(March 28) loll fight of one of their velTcIs, with 28
men, and n\oft of the frclh water on board, which
happily being found again the next day, relieved
them trom their perplexity.

During this interval the commander took a frelh
occafion to quarrel with Doughty, which, as the
author of the narration obferves, was on the follow-
ing trivial account. " It chanced John Brown, the
" trumpet, whetherof purpofe or of his own volun-
" tarv [will] to go aboard the Pelican, where, for that
" he iiaJ been long abfent, the company offered him a
" hobbev, among the which Mafter Doughty, put-
" ting in his h.uid, faid. Fellow John, you iJiall
" have my hand, although it be but light, amons^ft
" the reft ; and fo, laying his hand on his buttock,
" which being perceived of John [Hrown, the] trum-
•« pet, he began to fwcar wounds and blood to the
•' company, to let him loofc : For thry are not all
" (faid he) the general's friends that be here; and,
" with that, turned him to Mafter Doughty, and
" faid unto him, God's wounds. Doughty, what
" doft thou mean to ufe this familiarity with nic,
*' confidering thou art not the general's friend ? Who
" anfwcred him. What, Fellow John f what moves
•' you to this, and fo ufe thefe words to me, that am
" as good and as fure a friend to mv good general as
" anv in this place ? And I defy him that (hall fay
•' the contrary. But is the matter thus ? Why yet,
*' Fellow John, I pray thee let me live until I come
" into England. Thus John Brown coming again
" prtfcntly alward the prize, had not talked any Ring
*' time with the general, but the boat wcw aboard,
" and reftcd not, but prefontly brought Mafter
*' Douglity to the prize's fide. General Drake fit-
*• ting in the midit of his men, who hearing the
" boat at the (hip's fide, ftood up, and Mafter
" Doughty offering to take hold of the (hip to have
" entered j faid the general. Stay there, 'I'homas
" Doughty, for I muft fend you to another place ;
" and with that, commanded the mariners to row
" him aboard the Fly-boat, faying unto him, it was
" a place more lit for him than that from whence
•' became. But Mafter Doughty, although he craved
•' to fpeak to the general, could not be permitted."

The Fly-boat being foon after feparated, Drake
laid this chance to Doughty's charge, pretending that

inp of thU pri7c unto Mafler Tlirmiai DoueliiVr as ^<i« good
arul clk'cmcil friend, prayinr Mm in anv cafe to fee good
oK'rr kept, and wlinto fliould l>c the breaker tlicrcot. togire
liiiii to unflcrOand of anv fuch, wiiliout exception nf any.
*• Ir tliu! chanfed,tliat General Drake had alirothtr (nt>r the
wiftO man in ClirificmloiTi) whom lie put into 'his prize, as
alfo divers oiiiert. Tliis Tlioiiias Drake, at one inore).'reedv
of prcv tl'an covctnui of jionefly or credit, did not only break
open a chtfl.but did div'r fuddcnly into the fame, that MaHcr
Poiiel.ty knew nor liow to difchargc liimfctf unto tic gene-
ral, but by revealing it unto him 1 vet Srrt Mailer Douglitv
called Thomas Diake unto him, and flicwed Irim hik great
follv in this liehalf, uho yielding unto \i'n fault, prayed
Mailer Ooughty to l>c gfKxf unto him, ami keep it frum the
(rei.tral ; but lie briefly told him he could not keep ir, but
wuuM deliver it with what favour he might. So at the nc-
ncral't next coming on loard the prize, Maf>er Doughty
opencil the fame unto him, who prcfentty falling into 11 rare,
(nQtuilli«utftfinc|;rcattta'.li'; fcemcdM«anilei ihu i'liuiiiat

he was a wizard, .ind w>.cnJvcr' there '*ns li.«J vvt»-
thcr, he ufed to (ay that ♦' it came oat of DoUjjhty's.
cap-cafe. *

Having ftoered after the ftorm fouthvirard tow.irds TIicv lo-: •. M
the land, they came to a cape which thiy named C.;S .:-;,.
Cape Joy, on accotint of the rrcoveiy of t!ie nfl'el
that W.IS inifHilg. Here the; took in water, but find-
ing no inh.ihit.'utts ran ftill farther foutiuvard ifitu x
harbour between two rocks, where the Ihips rode at
anchor fafely, till they chofc to proceed tinvards the
river Plate, in 36° north lat. In their courfe they
again loft fi«ht,of the Fly-boat, 011 which aiet.unt
Drake rcfoKcd to conlr.iiit the number of his (hips.
On the 13th of May failing along the coaft, Drake
difcovered a bay, and went out in his boat to cxaminu
it, founding all the way. Here a ftorm fuddenly Di.ikcin ^rcM
overtook him at the diftaiKe of about three leagues pc"' '»» !»«•
from his (hips ; one of which, however, commanded
by Cajrtain Thomas, failed boldly in to his relief,
and took the admiral on board, lying Iheltcrcd in the
harbour while thole veflels which were at fea were "''

fevcrally feirfible of the cfteifls of the tcmpeft. As foon
as it was over, however, the crews difcovered where
their commmander was, by the fires which he had
lighted, and thus the companies joined again on (hore.

They met with no inhabitants here but found two A deferte*
wigwams built in the manner the Symerons had ufed "•"•
on their journey and alfo fevcraf dried fowls, among
which were fome oftriches. They faw befides a number
of thefe large birds alive, which, though they could
not fly, yet ran fo faft with the aHiftancc of the?r
winos, that there were none of them taken or killed
by the Englilh.

From hence they departed on the 15th of May, The Swan
and on the 19th came to an anchor in a more con- '""''=" "T-'
venient harbour; the .Swan which was feparated from
the fleet, being found, Drake ordered her to be broken
up, and the iron work ftorcd for fomc future oc-
cafion.

They were now on an ifland at the diftancc of
about a mile from the main, to which the fea, at low
water, was fordable. Here they faw a body of In-
dians, who by their grftures invited them on fiiore. ,.',
Drake therefore difpatched his boat with bell?, bugles, *■ .' "
and other toys. The Indians on their landing fent ._
two men who made as if they would come to them,
but ftopped within a little diftancc, on which the '.
Englifh tied wh.it they had brought to a pole, re- «
tiring as the Indians advanced. In return the natives - ->
left fome of that fort of feathers which they wore upon
their heads, and a little bone carved and burni(bedy
about fin inches in length, feeniing by their motions .' '
towards the rifing and fetting of the fun, and lifting -;
their hands towards the moon which then (houe
over their be.ids, to intimate profeflions of friend-
(hip. While they were buficd in thefe ceremonies,
the Englifh tnarchcd up the hill, but perceiving the
natives rather frightened at their near approach, they
retired peaceably, artd thus encouraged the natives to
come forward, who foon opened a traffic, cxchanginj;
arrows, feathers and bones, for any trffles with
which they thought proper to prefent them, and

" Douchtv fhnuld mean to touch hit brotber, and did, as it
** were, allure himfelf that he had fome faribcr meaning In this,
** anil that he meant to Hrikc at /lii credit ; a'ld he would not or
*' inultl not liv (loU*!, life, at be phrafed ir, futfcr it. From this
'* time forth grudges didieem to grcnvlK-iwcesthcm from dav
•• to day, to the no Imall admiration of the fell of the coni-
** pany i although fume envying his foriner favour an.l trienii-
" Ihip with the general, and Tome, 1 think, doubting that hi'.
" capacity might reach too far, to the aggrandizing bis cr^<lic
•* in the country, talked varioufly of the matter.- however,
" Maftei Doughty was put again into the Pelican. 'I°hu
" St>"'K<'''r >ltNUUgh they had not long rcHed, yet were they
" grown to great extremities, fuch and fo gieat as a man or
" jtidgincnt would vetily think tint his love towards him in
" England wat more in brave words ihaa hearty good wijl
*• anil friendly lose."

' Doughty »as a gcntlctnan bred, and 1 man nf fcnrc and
learning, whom Drake had invited in the mai) liiendly nun-
nrr, t» acctMi<p my liim in hii un^rrtakinj. *

SIR FRANCIS DRAKE.

U Tiicv S.O". •. *

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Seal Bay.

in time bccr\mc quite foclal and familiar with their
ne* gucils*. 1 « •

Tht-re Indians were quite naked, except the Ikins
of Ibmc btMlbs that they threw over their ftiouKlers
occsfionally. Their hair, which was long, they rollcil
un with a plume of ortriih's UMllicrs, and here they
ttick their arrows which were made of rccds, headed
with flints; and their bows were about an ell long.
They painted their bodies with various figures, elpe-
cially tholV of the fun and moon, by way of ornament.
Thc-v had no canoe?, nor other method of croflin;; the
water ; and in the other iflands wliich abounded with
bir.ls [moll likely penguins] lb tame, that entertaining
no fears from man, having not been uled to his ty-
ranny, they fuflered themfelvcs to he taken in the
hand. Such a number of feals appeared likewifc on
thele co:i(h, that the tnt^lifti named the place where
tluy hi\j, Seal Hav. I'lie flcfl> of this animal which
the Englilh liad found to be wliolefom, fervcd the
Indians for foo.!, and tin-y feem to h;wc eaten it raw,
as tl-.ry weri.' not ohicrved to have any metliod ot pre-
paring their vidtu.i!s by fire.

The icpniation of Driike's veflels on an expedi-
tion I'ki. ins was gciirr:dly |>roduiflive of a numberot
TI'.- ill Mf'se i„convcniencies. When th- Swan fly-boat had been
r.. 'rdl'l^"* "" feparatod from the red on tli : Riahlian coaft, tlie crew
Swan. def|>airiiig of joiniiu^ ever a;j;,iin, their companion^

bcnn to' fear left th"y ftioiiUl be in want of provi-
fions. Here the malK'r, {nu;(t probably the purfer)
beint^an enemy to Dou;;hty, and then appiehenfive
of a'fcantinefs of provihou' , ehofe to withdriw him-
felf from Doughty's and Cheller's mcfs, the latter of
whom had really been ma^e cnptain of the fly-boat.
To him nouj!;lity applied, finding this overbearing
man pnt them to ihort allowance, wliile he rather
augmented than decreaied his own diet. Many words
palled on this occafion b:tweea the tlirec porii'ns, and
even fonie blows between the malter ;mvJ Doughty.
The former viewing the latter in the light of one liint
onboard in difgrace, toldhinvif he ever came home
toenjoy any advantage from the vovagc, " he wou! '
" be triiflVd up." ' Adding, " I'hou I wilt thou
«« have viiSiials ? tliou (halt he glad if wc do not
«' meet the general, to eat that that falls from my
•' fail on tiie anchor fluke ere wcgct home.ngain. '
The humanity of the declaration being equal to the
politeneis of the exprcflion, incenfed Doughty fo
mucit, that he urged Cliefter to behave as became a
commaiHl.T, adding, " Lole nothing of that autho-
rity that the gcneial committed unto you. If you
will, we will put the fwoni into your hands .igain,
an I you Ihall h.ivc th:: government." This cafe the
writer fivs he will aver to be true j two or three pcr-
f )ns IkIii;; (\\ orn to the articles ; ami tlitfi were imer-
fyalfii ill the nciujatijn, on the ground of v/hkh hi was
to /•< lnharli!.

The Swan having joined the fleet, .nnd being
deftroyed, as wu hive already noticc<l. Doughty was
again taken on board the Pelican, where it fcems what
pafl'ed in the Sv/an was related in fuch a manner as
to aitgravate matters, when high words cnfucd bc-
t.veen'iiiiii and tlr- general, whom in his anger he told
'ih.it iic thoir"',iit ins word was to be believed .as foonas
his commander's oath ; who then Uruck him, and
ordered him to be hound to the mart, for the accom
)dilhnH:it of wliich the maftcr of the fly-boat took no
funll piins." He and his brother John Doughty, were
afler*ards fnt on hoard the Canter, where he had rea
foil to h< lit ve his life would be endangered f.

It is ohfervable that while Mr. Doughty was thus

\,-"\i -m ..f P'-rleeuted, one Thomas Cuttle, who had formerly

rrol'li-i-i"- been Captain of the Pelican under Drake, refolved

in Diraj'.;:)'^ togoovcr to the main, wading with his piece in his

f«»cur Vol. I. No. 3.

' Onr i.f the native", hiving received a cap off the general's
held, uith.iicw to adiftanre, and thrufl an arrow into liislct;,
Iriii.igthc lilocd trickle duwo in Drake's fight, which was duubt-
Iclk .1 token ol |>ratitudc, and was interpreted by that coniman.-ler
.1- an cmtdcm of ihat Indian's wiliingncfs to (hcd his blood in
his (cTii<c.

t 'flit C'ao'.cr was t reflcl taken inm tht Spaniards on the

wsrs

hand through the fliallow water which we have dc-
fcriheil. This man iblcmnly dec'arcd that he thought
himlUf h.irdly ufed on Mr. Doughty"* account, of
whom h. knew no harm, adding that he would rather
truft himfelf in the handsof the cannibals than en-
dure fuch hardtreatment from the hands of the ge-
neral \. , ■ r \c

Before they left this harbour, the admiral himfelf
coming on board the Eliiabeth, told the crew that he
was to fend there the two Doughties, men againft
whom he made heavy complaints as feditious perlbns,
wirard-i, and poilbners, obfcrving that they were the
only obdacles to a voy.agc wherein thcmcanert fliip-boy
mi^'ht make a fortune, and gold would become a»
plentiful as v*-ood in the fleet. After this, the two
brothers being fent on board, as it might be cxpcfted,
v/erc genially treated accordingly, only Thomas
Doughty having agreed to pay the boatfwain 3I. for a
cabin, which was moft uncomfortably fituated 1 the
poor man loll his office, and fell under the heavy dif-
pleafurc of the admiral, on this account.

The fleet failed on the 3d of June for the South
Sea, and iloppin? in their way fix days after at a lit-
tle bay, they broke up the St. Chrilh'pher, being a
vclTel too fmall to live in thofc dangerous feas which
thev fometimcs encountered. As they proceeded, they
found thcmfclves under a ncciflity of anchoring in
another bav, with a drfign to recover the I'ortuguefe
prize which they had not feen fince the 27th of
Aiiril. On the 18th, after prayers put up to Heaven
for fuccefs, they put to fca, and the next day difco- ^|^^^. ^^^.^.^
vcrcd the velTel near Port Julian, which port they en- „ !>„/, jui|j„.
tcrcd, on .account of her proving leaky, and alib to
rcfrclh the crew after the fatigues they had un-
dergone during their feparation. Two of the na-
tives, of who?; fize Maghellan had left fuch an en-
ormous account, and whom Drake's people alfo [^j!^"""' "*'

thought to be fomcwhat gigantic, accoftcd them when
they landed, received whatever was given them, and
foon after began (hooting arrows with them for emula-
tion ; but, as might be expeifted, found themfclves
greatly excelled in the ufe of the bow by their new
giiells.

But another of the natives appearing prcfently af- _, .
ter, feemetl not at all plcafed with the friendly recep- ^\*ll ^
tion which his countrvmen gave the ftrangers. — His
l>erfuafions were not without their eftrft ; for after-'
wards one of the company being willing to Ihew this
third Indian a fpecimen of his (kill, in attempting to
(hoot an arrow broke his bow-firing. The natives,
not knowing of any other ofFenfive weapons which
the Englilh had, followed them .as they were return-
ing to their Aoat, and (howered their arrows upon
them, wounding in the Ihoulder h .1 who aimed thu
bow, and turning about he was pierced with ano-
ther arrow in the brcall. Oliver, the mailer gunner,
who had begun the friendly contcd, was not now back-
ward in entering into this more ferinus one ; he prc-
fentcd his piece, and doubtlefs would have done execu-
tion among the alTailants but that it milled fire, and
the Indians immediatclv difcharging another flight of
arrows he was flain. — All was now furprife and con-
fufion ; but Drake, who was polTelTed of uncommon
intrepidity and prcfence of mind in time of danger,
encouraged his men, diretflcd them brft how to avoid
the eflvQ of their adverlaries weapons by Ihifting their
place as they retreated, and by picking up tlieir ar-
rows and breaking them. At length taking the gun
which had milfed lire in Oliver's hand, he dtfcharged
it at the Indian who had killed the gunner, and the
hail-(hot with which it was loaded tearing open his
belly, he fled with terrible c jtcries. This fo intimi-
dated the Indians, that they in confequence of it
H let

coaO of Africa.

X He purfucd his defign and went up the country, but firinfi
Ids piece, in orderto bring the oatlres to bim, thia being under-
ftood as a fignalthat he wanted to return, a Immc was fent which
brought him back again.— But fuiely adeclaratinn like ihi from
onewliowas gning tn make fu hazardous an ex^Ktiincni, ught
doubtlefv tn allu.Ncd of great weight in a cafe of this naturf.

■578

Trial Kf

THE VOYAGES OF

The clurge
a);iinit liitu
lud over.

let the Admiral tvlthdraw his wounded fiirnds, :ind
the Eiiglith remained on the roafts for tvtomuivthii
after this quarrel without experiencing from tlicm
»ny farther ai^i of hoftility.

It was Iiere that Mr. Tho. DoughtVi againft whom
Drake had fo long entertained fa much hatred, wasex-
ecuted by his onH'r, of which circumftancc there arc
various accounts. Birt tiK moltcircumllautial, and
that which agrees bcft inall its parts being to be found
in the fniuiulcript from wliich our accounts are drawn,
we (hall here prcfent that relation of this tragical advcii-
nire without abridging or interrupting his relation.

" On this iflaud in Port St. Julian, palled many
matters, which, I think, God would not have to be
tondcaled, efpecially for that they tended to mur-
der ) for he (Drake) fjicwcd out againft Thomas
Doughty his venom. Here he ended all his con-
ceived hatred, not by courtefy and friendly reconcile-
ment, but by moft tyrannical blood-fpilling ; for he
was never quiet while he lived,, who in wifdom and
honeft government as far furpafledhim, as he in ty-
ranny lurpaffed all men. 1 he world never com-
mitted a (i£i like unto this ; for here he murdered
him that, if he had well looked unto himfclf,liad been
a more furc and (ledfaft- friend unto him than ever was
Pythias to his friend Damon, as I tliink the fcqucl of
this cafe will flicw.

" Tlielaftdayof June, the general himfelf, being
fct in place of judgment, and having tho wlu)lc com-
pany brought on fhorc, and having Captain John
I'homas fet dole by him, who opened a bundle of
papers that were rolled up togetner, wherein were
written divers and fundry articles, the which, before
they were read, the getural fpoke untotlie Durportof
them, and turning himfelf to Thomas Doughty,
who was there prcfent, being before brought thither
more like a thief than a gentleman of honelt conver-
fation, he began his charge thus ; — Thomas Doughty,
you have here fought by divers means, in as much as
you may, todilcrtdit me, to the great hindrance and
overthrow of this voyage j liefidcs other great mat-
ters with which I have to charge you, the which, if
you can clear yourfelf of, you and I (hall be very
good friends ; whereof if you cannot, you have dc-
ferved death : Maftcr Doughty anfwcred, it <hould
never be approved that he had merited ill by under-
taking any villainv towards him.— ^By whom, quolh
the general, will you be tried ? Why, good gene-
lal, let me live to come unto my country, and
I will be there tried by her majcdy's laws. Nayj
Thomas Douglity, f.iid, he, I will here imp.-innci a
jury on you, tu cuc^uire into thole matters that
I have to charge you withal. Why, general, replied
Doughty, I hojie you will fee your comnvfTion be
good : I'll warrant you, anlwerwl the gcner.il, my
commiflion is good enough. I pray yo'i then let us
fee it, faid Mailer Doup;htv ; it is necclFary that it
Ihould be here flicwn ; Well, quoth he, you Iha'l «)/
Jee it. Then addrelBng himi'clf to f',s company,
you fee, my maftcrs, how this fellow is full of pra-
ting, bind mc, his arms, for I will be fafocf my life.
My matters, you that he my good friends, Thomas,

Good, Gregory, you there, my friends, bind ; fo

thty took .ind bound his arms behind him. Then he
" Hltercd divers furious words unto Thomas Doughty,
as chr.rging him to he the m;m that poifoned my lord
cf Kflcx ; whereas Mailer Doughty vouched it to his
f.KT, that hr was the man th.it brought the general
^r(i to ti; : prcleiice of my lord in Eikghind. Thou
bring m^, quolh the general, to my lord f Sec, my
m:iUirs, fee here, how he goeth about to difcredit me.
Tills fellow, wirlt my lord, was never of any cdlma-
tion i I think he never came about him as a gentle-
man i for I that wa» d;uly with my lord, n.'ver faw
him there above oiice, and thut vtsib long .■.iz^t my tn-
tcrt'iinmcnt with my lord.

** Then, in fine, was there a jury called, whereof
Mailer Jolui Winter was foreman. Then by John
Thomas were the articles read unto them, even cnct
tur for a laft fariKitU for fear that men (houlJ have

carried them away by memory, all which appearetf t»
confill of words of unkinilncl':^, and to proceed at
foilie cho!cr when the pnfoncr v.'a> provoked, all which
Doughty did not greatly deny : until at length came
in one Edward Bright, whole hoiielly of lilc 1 have
nothing to do with, who faid. Nay, I'nomas Doughty,
we have other niatters for you yet, that will a little
nearer loucli you. It will, i'laith, bite you to the
grilkin. 1 piuy thee, Ned Blight, laid llie prifoner,
charge me with nothin;; but truth, and I'parv mc not.
Then John ri)omas ie:id further tor his lall article
to conclude the whole with;il. That Thomas
Doughty fliould lay to KilwaiU Bright in Mjilct
Drake's gauUn, that the queen's inajelly and coun-
cil would be corrupted, bo ijright hoiding up his
linger, faid, Uow like you this gare, firrah ? VVhy,
Ned Bright, laid Mailer Doughty, wll^t Ihould in-
duce thee thus to bt.lye me.' thou knowcll that fuch
familarity was never between thee and me ; but it
may be, that I have laid, if we brought home gold,
we fliouKI be the better welcome ) but yet this is more
than 1 do remember. 'I'hcn it came out, on further
evidence, that Mailer Doughty fhould fay, that my
lord treafurer had a plot of the prefent voyage. No,
that he hath not, quoth General Drake. '1 he other
replicil, that he h^d, and had it of him. See, my
mailers, faid Drake, what this fellow hath done,
God will have this treachery all known \ for her Ma-
jclly gave me fpecial commandment, that of all men
my lord treafurer (hould not know it ; but you fee his
own mouth hath betrayed him. So this was a fpecious
article againll him to hurt his throat, and greatly he
fcemed to rejoice of this ailvanragc.

" Then Mafter Doughty oficred him, if he would
permit him to live, and to anl'wer thcfe objections ii\
tngland, he would fet his hand to whatfo was there
written, or to any thing elfe that he would fet down.
Well, once let theft men, quoth the general, fit ft find
whether you are guilty in this or no, ami then we will
talk further of the matter : And then hedeiivered (af-
ter they had ;ill taken their oaths, given by JohnTho-
mas) the bills of indidment, as I may term them,
unto Mr. John Winter, who was foreman of this in-
quell. Then Mailer Leonard Vicary, a veryaflurcd
triendof Mailer Thomas Doughty, faid unto him.
General, this is not law, nor agreeable to juftice, that
you offer. I have not to do with your crafty lawyers,
neither do I care for the law , but I k(iow what 1 will
do.— —Why, quoth Mailer Vicary, who was one of
hisjury,! knownothow wemayanlwerhislife. Well,
Mailer Vicary, quoth he, you lliall not have todo with
hislifei Ictmt aloncwiththat; youarebuttofindwhe-
ther he be guilty in thefe articles that here are obje^ed
againft him, or no. Why, very well, faid Mailer V icary,
then, there is, I truft, no matter of death. No, no. Hi: is dcclarol
Mailer, \' icary, quoth he. Sowith this the jury went guilty,
together, finding all to be true, without any doubt
or Hop made, but only to that article that Kilward
Bright had ohjciled againft him; for it was doubted
of lome whether Bright were fuflicient with his only"
word to rail away the life of a man. And truly it did
argue finall honclly in a man to conceal fuch a matter
if it had been I'poken in Kngl.ind, end to utter it in
this place where will was law, anu leafon put in ex-
ile; foran honell l'ul-j;il wouKl not have concealed
fuch matter, which in;ide tome doubt of an honeft deal-
ing. But, to be brief, ani'wer was made, that Briglic
was a very honeft man; and fo tht ' -l'^ being gi-
ven in, it was told to the gene. :;, \\i\'. iherewas a
doubt made of Bright's honclly. Wiiy, quoth Mai-
ler Drake, I dare \a fwear that wliat ^itd Bright has
faid is very true, (yet within a fortntghi after, liie fame
iiright was in fuch dilliking with him as he feenicd to
doubt hiv life; and having difplacod him of the Peli-
can, and put him into theMarygold, he jjjvc for rea-
fon, that himfelf would be i'afe, and he would put hitn
far enough from him.) Thus having received in the
verdi(!t he rofe off the place, and departed to the wa-
ter-fidc, were calling all the company with him, ex-
c"pt MalU-r TlionKis Doughty and hi> brother, he there

a opened ,,

SIR FRANCIS DRAKE.

opdicd a cerl«in bundle of letters am! bills, and look-
ing on thcm» faid (jotl's will, / have Irft in my cabin
that IJh^uldifptciallfhavt had, (as if he bad there fur-
gotten his tommiflion : ) but whether he forgot his
commiinon or no, he much forgot himfelf, to fit as
juilgc without (hewing that he liad any ; but, truly, I
think he Ihewcd to the uttLimoft what he had : for
here be (hewed forth, firft, letters that were written,
as he faid, by Mafter Hankins to my Lonl of Kllex
for his entertainment ; fecondly, he (hewed letters of
thanks from my Lordof Eflcx unto him, and how much
hehadpleafurcdhim, thenrcad the letters that part from
my Lord of Effex unto Secretary Walfmgham in his

freat commendation % then (hewed he letters of Mafter
iatton's unto himfelf, tending for the acceptance of
his men John Thomas and John Brewer, for their
well ufage in this voyage j and laftly, he read a bill
of her Majefty's adventure of a thoufand crowns (but
I moft marvelled that fo many noblemen and gentle-
men did leave their letters in his hands, except it were
to (hew in this place for his credit. ) So when he had
all donf, he faid, Now, my mafters, you may fee
whether this follow hath fought my difcreait or no, and
What (hould hereby be meant but the very overthrow
of the voyage ; as (irft, by taking away of my good
name, and altogether difcrediting me, and then my
life i which I being bereaved of, what then will you
do ? you will fain one to drink another's blood, and
fo to rerun; again unto your own country : you will
liever be able to find the way thither. And now, my
ina(iers, confider what a great voyage we are like to
make, the like was never made out of England ; for
by the fame the worft in this fleet (hall become a gentle-
man, and if this voyage go not forward, which I
cannot fee how polTibly it (hould, if this man live,
what a reproach it will be, not only unto our coun-
try, but efpecially unto us, the very fimpleft here
may confider of. Therefore, my mafters, they that
think this man worthy to die, let them with me hold
up their hands ; and they that think him not worthy
to die, hold down their hands ; at the which, divers
that envied his former felicity, held up their hands ;
fome others agdin, for fear of his favourity, ftickcd
not to lift their hands, although againft their hearts ;
but fome, again lifted up their hands and very hearts
unto the Lord, to deliver us of this tyrannous and
Senttnce cjf """^' tyrant j who upon the fame, coming to his for-
<tc«ih pro- iner judgment feat, pronounced him the child of
tiounccd on death, and pcrfuaded him withal, that he would by
Uouglii)'. this means make him the fervant of God : and faid
farther, if any man could, between this and next
meeting, devife any way that might fave his life he
would near it ; and wi(hed himfelf to devife fome way for
his own fafeguard. Well, general, qiioth he, feeing
it is come to this pafs, that 1 fee you would have me
made away, I pray you carry nte with you to Peru,
and there fet me alhore. No, truly, Maftrj- Doughty,
I cannot anfwer it to her Majefty, if I (hould fo do ;
but, how fay you, Thomas Doughty, if any man
will warrant me to be fal« from your hands, and
will undertake to keep you fure, you (hall ice what
I will fay unto you. MafVer Doughty then calling on
Mafter Winter, faid, will you be fo good as to undertake
this for me \ Then Ma(ter Winter faid unto Mafter
Drake, that he (hould be fafe of his pcrfon, and he
would warrant him, if he did commit him to his cuf-
tody. Then Drake, a little paufing, faid. See then,
my mafters, we muft do thus ; we muft nail him clofe
under the hatches, and return home again without
making any voyage, and if you will do fo, then
fpeak your minds. Then a company of defperate
bankrupts that could not live in their own country
without the fpoil of that, as others had by the fweat
p( their brows, cried, God forbid, good pjcneial !
which voice was no lefs attentively heard, for there
needs no fpur to a willing horfc. Thus telling Ma-
imer Doughty to prepare for his death, and having
given him one whole day's refpite, to fet all things in
order, he rofe and departed, promifing that his con-
tinual prayers to God (hould not ceafe, that it would

pleafi him to put it into hi, lij.;J lunv he mi^lit do 15-S

liiin good J but he- \\m\ lb uluii liolore fworn that lie '■—.'—^
would hang him, that, I think, at this pri-fcnt he
meant to do him lirtk-good. Tlius jVI.iftcr Doup.hty
continuing all this nijht, the next il ly, ami the fc-
cond iii^ht in his prnyers, except fonn* fmill time
that he ufed in fi.-tlling his worldly bufinvfs in fome
way, and diftribiiting to fuch as he thu,ii|;ht good,
fuch things as he then had with him, was the 2d d;iv
of July commanded to prepare himfelf, and to make
ready to die. Then Mafter Uouj'.htv, with a morff
chcarful countenance than ever he had in all his life,
to the (hew, ab (Mie that did altoi^thcr contemn life,
prayed him, that ere he died h^; might receive the facra-
ment ; which was not only granted, but Drake him-
felf offered to accompany him to the Lord's tabli*,
for the whichMaftcr Doughtygave him hearty thanks,
never worfc terming him than. My Good Captain.
Mafter Drake offered him withal to make choice of
his own death, and for that h; faid he was a i;cntle-
man, he (hould hut lofe his head, the which kind of
death was moft agreeable to his mind, in as much as
he muft needs die. And, truly, 1 heard fay, that
Mafter Drake offered him if he would, that he Ihould
be (hutten to death with a piece, and that he him-
felf would do that exploit, and fo he (hould die by i^^^^^^;,..,,!,^
the hands of a gentleman. But, in fi;ie, they toge- coimu union »
thcr received the Lord's fupper ; the which I do ever
alTure myfelf that he did take with as uncorrupted a
mind as ever did any innocent of the world ; for he
fure (hewed himfelf^ to have all his affiance and only
truft in God ; he (hewed himfelf fn valiant in this ex-
tremity, as the world might wonder at it ; he feemed to
have conquered death itfclf, and it was not feen, that
on all this day before his death, that ever he altered
one jot of his countenance, but kept it as ftaid and
firm as if he had fome incffage to deliver to fome noble-
man. They having thus received the facramcnt, there Dine^ wiilnht
was a banquet made, fuch as the place might yield, »>linii»l.
and there they dined together, in which time, tht
place of execution being made ready, after dinner, as
one not willing any longer to dcLiy the time, he told
the general that he was ready as foon as pleafed him)
but prayed him, that he might fpeak alone with him a
few words, with the which they talked apart the fpace
of half a quarter of an hour, and then with bills and
ftaves he was brought to th; place of execution, '

where he (hewed himfelf no Itfs valiant than all the
time before; for here kneeling on his knees, he
firft prayed for the queen's majefty of England, his
fovereign lady and niiftrcfs ; he then praved to God
for the happy fuccefs of this x'oyagc, and praved to
God to turn it to the profit of his country : he re-
membered alfo therein divers his good friends, and
efpecially Sir Williiun Winter, praying Mafter John
Winter to commend him to that good knight ; all
which he did with fo chearful a countenance, .ts
if he had gone to fome grjat prepared banquet, th'i
which, I (lire think, that he was fully rcfolved that
(jod had provided for him ; fo at the laft, turning to
the general, he prayed him that he might make water
ere he died. For, quoth he, the flolh is frail, and with-
al turned him about and did fo ; and coming again,
faid, Now truly I may fay as faid Sir Thomas More,
that he that cuts off my hiad (hall have little honcftv
[credit] my neck is {a (hort ; fo turning him, and
looking about on the whole company, he defired thcni
all to forgive him, and efpecially lome that he did
perceive to have difpleafure borne them for his fake,
whereof Thomas Cuttle was one, Hugh Smith was
another, and divers others ; whereupon Smith prayed
him to fay before the general then, whether ever they
had any conference together that might redound to his
(the general's) prejudice or detriment. He declared
it at his death, that neither he nor any man elfe, ever
praAifcd any treachery towards the general with him j
neither did he himlelf ever think any villainous
tRought againft. Then he praved ' the general to be
good unto the fume Hugh Smitfi, and to fori!,i\c him,
for his fjkc. So the (jeneral faiJ, Well, Smith, for

Maftir

THE VOYAGES OF

1578 Miflir Doll

i^.iey'> fakr, and at his requcA, I forgive

thee i but hicome an hnncit man hcrcal'tcr. So then
Mailer Dntighty embracing the gt'ncr.il, naming him
his good captain, bid him farcwcl, :ind bitldini; the
whcHe cnmiiany farewel, he laid his head tu the hicick,
H« li executed the which ix-ing ftrickcn off, Drake moil deCpitet'iilly
nude the head to he taken up ahd ihewed to the whole
company, iiimreirfayinz. Sec this is the end ot'lrai tors."
Wc have already oblerved that there have been va-
rious accounts of this matter. In one of thefo we find
it related, th.it at I'uit St. Julian, Drake called a fort
of council of war or court martial, and (huwid his
commillion, by virtue of which the queen gave him
power of life and death, which was laid to be ilclivcred
witli thefe words from her own mouth : " Wcdo ac-
" count, Drake, that he who (irikes at thee (trikes
•' at u."." Here li^cvife it is pretended that he ex-
pofej Mr. Douj|;hty'.s bad pradices from the time of
their leaving; England, appealing to the company for
his cordinl behaviour to the gentleman accufed, fup-
portiiig his ch.irge Uv producing papers under his own
hand,'" /« whiih Atr. Dtugbtj [a circumllance not
" vcTV probabKJ a<l/ltd a fiillanAj'rti ttnffjii»i." Nor
is wli.it fiillows, at all more likely, vi/. 'I'hat the
iicciilid h.ivlii;; it left to his choice to be cxcciitctl
na the ill.iiid, wlijre they then were, to be fet on (hore
on the main I.in.l, or to be fent home to abide the iuf-
tice of his country ; after a day's confideration, gave
his rcafons [to bj fure they muft have been xuti^hty
eiirs] for chufing to be executed at Port Julian,
•' and having received the facramcnt with the g,-ii;'ial
" from the hands of Mr. Francis Fletcher, chaplain
" to the fleet, and made a full confeflion, his head
" was cut off with an ax, by the provoll marlhal,
" July the id, I 578."

The execution of Doughty was followed by fomc
inihintes of partiality againrt particular perfons, which
at the f.une time that they marked the jiartiality of
Drake, feemed Ifrongly to indicate his doubts relative
to the expedition in which he was engaged, and
wheriin '' appeared plainly enough that all the
queen's Cv >■ .rn was that of h>iving condcfcended to
advance a lonfidirablc fum as a private adventurer.

'I'hc lall proof which we (hall here adduce to fup-
port the opinions wc have advanced we (hall draw
from this commander's fpeech to his men on the 6th
of Aujull, a few days before he left Port Julian.

" Commiiiding his whole company aftiore, and
placing himll'lf in a tent, one fide of which was open,
h: called Mailer Winter on one fide of him, and
John Thomas on the other fide ; his men laid before
him a great paper book, and withal Matter Fletcher
offered hiinfelf to make a fermon. Nay, foft. Mailer
Fletcher (faid he) I muft preach this day myfclf,
,:lthough I h.ive fmall fkill in preaching. Well, all
ye the company, arc ye [all here] or not .' Anfwer
was made that thev were all there. Then commanded
he every ftiip's company feverally to Hand together,
which was .nllb done. Then faid he. My mailers,
am a very bad orator, for my bringing up hath not
been in learning, but whatfo I (hall here fpeak, let
rvery man take good notice of, and let him write it
down, for I fliall fpeak nothing but what I will an-
fwer it In England, yea, anil before her Majeftv, as
I have it here already fct down.*

" Thus it is my mafters, that wc arc very far from
our country and friends ; wc are compailed in on
every fide with our enemies, wherefore wc arc not to
make fmall reckoning of a man, for we cannot have
a man if we would give for him ten thoufand
pounds, wherefore wc muft have thei'e mutinies and
dilirontcnts that are grown amongft us redrefled ; for,
by the life of God, it doth even take my wits from
me to think on it. Here is fuch controverfy between
the failors and the gentlemen, and fuch ftomaching

FtmiiVil.lc
ti^ccch ot
DriVtr ro Ii;s
com{>any.

■' " Biit whcihtr i< were in hit book or not (favs the tutliot)
thit I know not, b«t thi* wis Iht %f[t& of it, and very ncir tlie

word;.'

between tlic eentlcmen and failors, that it doth even
make me maiTtnhe.ii uf it. Uul my mailers, 1 mult
have it leafe i lor 1 mull have the gentlemen to haul
and draw with the marines, and the marine* with the
gentlemen ; and let us fliew ourlelves to be all oi a
company, and lei us not give uccafion to the enemy
to I- jdiir at our decay and overthrow. I would [fain |
know hiin that would refulo tr> lit his hand to a rope j
but I trull, there it not any fuch here ; and us gintle-
nun are very mcefl'ary (or guvcinment Like on the
voyage, fo have | (hipt them for that purpoli', iiid to
fonie further intent, aad yet, though I know I'ailors to
be the moll envious people of the world and lb unruly
without government, yet rruy I not l>e without them.
" Alio if there be any willing to return home, let
mc underilaiid of them, and there is the Marygold,
a fliip that I can ixry well fpare, I will furiiilh her to
fuch as will return, with the moll credit that I can
give them, either by my letter or any way elfe ; but
let them take care that they go hcmninrd; for, if I
meet them in my w.iv, 1 will fink them } therefore
you (hall have time to lonfideriiereof until to-morrow,
for, by my troth, I mull needs be plain with you ; /
haut laktH ihul in hand thai I iniw mt i>i lU Ktrld htw
to g3 ihnugh withal ; it i)aireth my capiicity, it hath
even bereaved me of my wits to think on it. [Well
yet the voice was that none would return, they would
all tiJce fuch part as he did. ) Well then, my mailers,
quoth he, came ye all forth with your own good wills
or no ? 'Fliey aniwered all. Willingly. t .'Vt whofc
hands, mv mailers, di.m:iiided he, take ye to receive
vour wages ? At your's, anlwered the company.
I'hen laid he. How fay you, will you take wages, or
Hand to my good courtely .' To your courtcfy, good
capt.iin, was the reply.

" Then he commanded the ftew.ird to the Elizabeth
to bring him the key of the ftorcs, the which he did.
Then turning him unto Mailer Winter, he laid.
Mailer Winter, I do hero difcharjc you of vour
captainftiip j and lb in brief he faid to all the officers.
I'hen Mailer Winter, and John Thomas .ilked him
what (hould move him to dil'pl.ice thim ? He aiked,
in return, whether they could jiivc any real'on why
he (hould not do fo ? So wiliini; thcni to content
thcinii'lves, he willed filence in thefe mattci', faving,
ye fee here the great difiirders we are entangled into j
and although feme [mtaning Doughty] have already
received condign punithment;:, as by death, who, I
take God to witncfs, as you all know, was to me as
my other hand, yet you fee, over and befidcs the reil,
his own mouth Hid bewray his treacherous dealings ;
and fee how, trufting to the fingularity of his wit, he
over-reached himfelf at unawares. But fee what Gotl
would have to be done ; for her Majcfty commandeJ
that of all men my lord trealurer (hould have no
knowledi^e of this voyage, and to fee that his own
mouth h.itK declared that he had given him a plot
[plan] thereof. Out truly, my mafters, and as I am
a gentleman, there (hall no more die ; I will lay my
hand on no more, although there be here who have
delcrved as much as he: and lb charging [charged]
one Worrall, that was prci'ent, that his cafe was
worfe than Doughtv's, who, in Maftcr Doughtv's
extremities, was one of Drake's confel lows, who [hej
humbling himfelf to Drake, even upon his knees,
prayed him to be good unto him. Well, well, Wor-
rall, faid he, you and I (hall talk weil enough of this
matter hereafter. Then he charged one John Audley
with fome ill dealings towards him, but opened no
matter, but faid he would talk with him alu.ne after
dinner.

" Here is fomc again (faid he) my mafters, not
knowing how elfe to difcredit me, fay and affirm that
I was fet out on this voyage by Mailer Hatton ; fonic,
by Sir William Winter; and fomc, by Mafter ll.xn-

kins i

t But wc have alieadv noiiccd, it was ro fail to Aleiunilria,
anil nut with a view tuihc enieipiirc wlictcin ilicy were now
engaged.

SIR FRANCIS DRAKE.

me as
ic rcH,

in?s :

it, lie
lat Ci(hI

i.iiulcJ

ivf no
IS own

;i plot
1 am
lay my
lin have

largeJ]
alb was
!;litv's
ho [lie]

knees,
Wor-

of this

AuJley
;ned no
nc after

•rs, not
rmthat
; ("onic,
fcr M.1M-
kiiis i

exandriftr

Itini t but thefc arc a company of idle heads that
have nothing clfe to talk of. And, my marters. I
muft tell you, I do know them a» my very good friends ;
but to fay they wetc the fitters fi>rth of this voyage,
or that it was by fheir means, F tell you it was nothing
fo. But indeed thus it was. My lord of Eflex wrote
in my commendation unto Secretary \Valfin(4ham
more than I was worthy, but by lik.: 1 haddclLived
fomewhatathis hands, and he thought [repotted J me
in his letters, a fit man againft the Spaniards for my
praaicc and experience that I had in that [the Spamrii I
trade i whereupon Indeed Secretary Walfinghani did
come to confult with his lordfhip, and dcclanil unto
him that for that her majcfly had received divers in-
juries of the king of Spain, for the which (he de-
filed to have fomc revenge ; and, withal he fhcwed me
a plot [plan] willing me to fct my haml, and to write
down where I thought he might bemolUngagcd ; but
1 told him fume part of my mind, but refufed to fct
my handtoanythiiii', affirming that her majcfty was
mortal, and if it ftould plcafc Cjixl to take her ma-
jefty awiiy, it might be fo that fome perfon might
reign th.at might be in league with the king of Spain,
and then wiU [would] mine own hand be a witnifs
againft myfelf. Then was I very (hortly after, and
on an evening, fent for to her majcfty by Secretary
Walfmjgham ; and the next day coming to her ma-
jcfty, ihcfe or the like words (he faid: Drake, foit is
that I would be gladly revenged on the king of Spain
for divers injuries that I ha<'e itrcivcd. And [as Drake
aflerted,] fhcfaid further that he was the only man
that might do this exploit, and withal craved his ad-
vice therein, who told her majefty of the fmall good
fhai was to be done in Spain, but the only way was to
annoy him by his Indies.

" Then, with many more words he (hewed forth
a bill of her majcfty's adventure of a thoufand crowns
which however he faid at fomc time before, that her
Jii.ijefty did give him towards his charges. He (hewed
alfo a bill of Mafter Hatton's adventure, and divers
Utters of credit that had pafled in his behalf, but ne-
ver let them come out of his own hands. He faid
alfo that her majefty did fwear by her crown, — That
if any within her realm did give the king of Spain
hereof to underftand (as (he (ufpcAed but iwi) they
fhould lofe their heads therefore.

" And now, ma(ters, faid he, let us confider what
Wc have done — We have nowfet together by the ears
three mighty princes ; namely, her majcfty, [and] the
kings »( Spain and Portugal; and if this voyage
(hould not have good fuccefi, we (hould not only be a
fcorning, or a rcpro.ichful fcoffing ftock unto our ene-
mies, but alfo a gteat blot to oUr whole country for
ever, and what triumph would it be to Spain andT*or
tugal, and again the like would never be attempted.

And now, rcftoring every man again to his fdrmcr
office, he ended, (hewing the company that he would
fatiiify every man or elfe nc would fell all that he had,

even unto his lilatc : For, quoth he, I have good

reafon to promifc, and am beft able to perform it ; for I
have fomewhat of mine own in England j and befides
that 1 have as much adventure in this voyage as three
of the bcft whatfoevcr j ami if it ht fo that I never eimi
hstae, yet will htr maje/ly fay even m.jn lis warn ; wbtm
inrlfcd .ou and I aini all cjme tj/eive ; and for to fay
you come to ferve mc, indeed I will not give you
thanks j fir it is only her majtfty that you fervt, and
this voyage is only her fitting forth. So willing
allmui to be friends, he willed them to depart about
their bufinefs.

The reader will cafily perceive that how fiibtly fo-
ever l^rake thought he had formed this fpeech (which

Vol. I. No. 3.

Tin n.iv htlotc tlicy «'ci);Iic<l anchor we find he came on
Jwaiil ilic Kli'/.abctli, antl Ivvoic il':ii lie would liang thirtv of
lin men, «n,l rtpcaiccl liU cli.iri;i: ajjai^il Worral, flill fccming
«o ictiin iliat relontnicnt >i;ainll pariicular porfuns which he had
ftromiitd to h^i'iQi from his brcjll.

t None of nut modern voyapir. lino lietn lefsthan jSilay?.
Ca|it.iJn,\Vallii w.i3 lour inonil\5 in lii. vo\agc throuch thcic
llrcijjlits.

might be well enough calculated to impofc on men
who were under his command, and hcinic fo far diC-
tant from their country, had no other dtpendaiicc than
on him for their future fortunes) jet it abounded with
inconfiftcncies, and feems to fiirnifti lufficicnt reafons
todoilbt the authority by which he ailed, at the fami;
time that it (licws his own doubts and fears about the
expedition in which he was engaged.

The number of the (hips beinc reduced to three, Drake
quitted* Port St. Julian, anil entered the ftreiiihtsof
Maghellan on the 20th of Aueuft, in the intricate
paftagc of which an illand was difcoveicd, to wliieh
the Knglifh gave the name of Elizabeth, in hnnmir

of their queen. They came on the 24th to an

ifland, where they killed 3000 penguins in one day.

At length they palled the Streighls, which for.i;:-
times feem entirely (hut up by capes and head-lands,

yet the (hips made good their pallagc.

" 'aghellan obfcrved many harbours here, hut re-
marked that ill moft of them no bottom was to bo

found, which however dOcs not fecm to appear to be
an accurate account ; the harbours being in [';cni ral
good, though the tides and blalts continually lulhinj;
in from various directions create the danger. The
land on bbth fides rifes into innumerable moun-
tains i the tops of them were encircled with clouds
and vapours, which, being congealed, fell down in
(now, and increafc their apparent height by hardening
into ice ) yet in the winter time, even at that feafou
which anfwcrs to our February, they found the val-
leys in fome places, green, fruitful and pleafant.

Anchoring in a bay near Cape Forward, Drake,
imagining the ftreight quite (hut up, went in his
boat to endeavour to find fomc other paflage out \
and, and having found an inlet towards the north,
was returning to his (hips ; but curiofity occafioiud
him to ftop for the fake of obferving a canoe or boat
with feveral natives of the country in it. He could
not, atadiftance, help admiring the form of this little
vefl'el, which feemed inclining to a fcmicircle, the
ftcrn and prowftandingup, and the body finking in-
ward i but much greater was his wonder when upon
1 nearer infpe<5lion, he perceived it w.is made only
of the barks of trees, fewed together with thongs
or filaments of the feal (kin in fuch a manner, that
fcarcely any water entered the feams of that little vef-
fel. Hefound the people here well (ha|Kd, andpainted
like thofe who have been already dcfcrihed. On the
land they had a hut built with poles, and covered with
(kins, in which they had water veflels and other uten-
fils, made likewife with the barks of trees. Among
thefc people natural fagacity and unwearied induf-
try fupplied the want tif (uch manufaftures or na-
tural produdlions, as appear to us abfolutely ncccf-
fary for the fupporto&life. Though the inhabitants
were wholly ftrangers to iron and tnc ufe we make of
it, yet inftead o(^it, they fublfituted the (hell of a
mu/cle of prodigious fizc found upon their coafts.
This they ground upon a ftone to an edge that was
fo firm and folid, that neither wood nor ftoncwcri;
able to refift it } and with inftrumcnts made of (hells,
they were able to perform all their mechanical ope-
rations.

Thus Drake, though not at a favourable fcafon, parted
the Streights of Maghellan in the fpaceof \ 16 days,
and after he had furvevcd the country, having dirccbt J
his courfe N. VV. antl entered the great South Sea on
the 6th of September, intending to hold on his way
towards the Equinoctial line.

But the very next day* after having obferved an
eclipfe of the moon, the fleet was overtaJtcn with lb f

tcriiliL-
1^01 m tor a

violent a ftorm, that the X (hips were in a manner left n"J,™[,

JThe Marygold was feparatcd from the teftof the fleet, du-
ring the continuance of this florm un the 30th of Scpicmlier.
Haying entered a harlxjur on the 7ih ol OAobcr, they were once
more forced out to fca l>y a violent gull of winil, and Captain
Winter was fo much dllcourujcd, that regaining the Itiei^hci lit
made the bcR of hit v,av to Cnglasd,
S

i(}

1 II b V O V A i; L .s OF

•57')

Macnc

Aml'iifh of
tl.clndi4ni.

A rich (li'p
Ukcn.

lo the meicy ol' ilic w'mJ*, wliich after beating
sSmit in great dilfrci's for abovi; .1 month, (Irnvt ihtni
iOO Icagiick out o( tlicir way, and thiy were fuiicJ at
lall iiitu 5; degrees of foutli latitiulL'.

Here thiy dilcovcrcd a number nf illaiid'>, an>lcan\r
to .111 anihiir clofe liy (Mie of thtni fur Ihi f.ilce of rc-
Irofliiiig thcinfelvcs, where they found good giirMK and
excclhnt water. Knirring another nay, tliey met
with foiue Indiana in their canues, eroding aUin^ niori'
with whom the Lnglifli held » trartir, exchanging for
fuch provilions as they Hood i n n<x'd of, thofu toy^and
bauMi'S tluy found molt \alucd by the nativct.

Another tempeft overtook them after their departure
from theic coalts, and drove ihcm to the very extre-
mity of ihc Somh-American coalt, where they faw for
the lirli time the conflux of the weltern and loullmn
oceans, and at length enjoyed the happinefs of a
fmooth fea, to w hich they had fo long been ftrangers.

Drake now held his courfo for the 30th degree of
foutli latitude, ftiering, at the end of Oe'tobcr, for the
■endezvous appointed in cnlc of fcparatioii for his
little fleet, ha\ing met with certain iflands in his
way, where he fupplied hiinfelf with a great quantity
of fow..- . When he arrived at the diTircd latitude, he
touiul no fliips, nor any fafe port 1 he therefore pro
cetded till he came to Macao, where the Indians
makinj; a (hew of friendfhip, and prefenting the Kn;;-
lifliuiih twofheepand fomc fruits, and Ihewii.g tliem
a watering plan, the latter came the next day with
tiicir barrels ; when two of their company who were
feiit before werenuiii in their way by the natives, who
had alfo laid in ambufll behind the locks, from whence
they difcliarged fuch a Ihowcr of arrows into the
boat, as wounded every one of the crew. The com-
nunder himfclf received a dangerous hurt by an ar-
rou- entering under his eye, while the fituation of
the Engliih and the element itfelf fought fo ftronglv
agninll tliem, that not one of the Indians (ihou^jh
tlii^y came clofe to the boat) was killed or wounded
by their weapons*.

The fame afternoon they fet fail and came to an an-
ilur on the 30th of November in Philip's Bay, where
their boat's crew that had been feiit out upon difco*
very returned with ;;n Indian of a graceful ftature
andcomplacmt iK-haviour, whom tlicy had inade pri-
foncr in the courfc of their expedition : ufing him
well, and fetting him on Ihure again, he pcrluaded
thctiatives tocoine and traffic with the Knglilh, who
were thereby fervcd with wiiat the country aft'orded,
and afterwards accepted of this man as a pilot to con-
duct the fleet to the harbour, called by the Spaniards
Val I'ariiO, in lat 153° 40' S. near the town of St. Ja-
go, wlicro the adventurers were more plentifully fup-
plied with provifions and wines from the (lorehoufes,
and had befides the good fi>rtune to take a fliip which
had on board not only wines, but 6o,oco pezoes of
gold. They weie at firft taken for friends by the
Spaniards, and invited to caroul'e with them. But
when the millake was difeovercd, and the place
alarmed, thetownfmin fled, iiillead of endeavouring
to defeinl their property, which was left to the mercy
of Drake and his men, who found a large booty in
the ehaprl, and employed three days in fccuiiiig what
they had amafled.

IJavini; conveyed the Indian to the place from
whence tliey took him, after givJtiL' him a reward
for his t'ervices, inteiuling to put the u- (hi)i into fomc
plaieof lafcty where they might build a pinnace for

Tlic illind wa< proplej liv Imlian'e who hail flcil from tlic
Sp.iiuth conituertirs ot the cuniinent ot America. They fccnieU
Id linve milukcn Drake and Un crew t'nr S[uiiiartlk, on wiioni
li.tA c(iiilt»|Ui;ntlv i'BticavouicI to rev(ni;c»)iil in-virics.

t Here Drake inviteil ttic Spaniards' 10 traffcU with him,
wliidiihcy ai->.'ep:cd; anJlupplied him with neccllarict, fcllini;
til him, amoni; othei pru^il'ions, fomc id their (hccp, whuie
li.ilk aini'itl ci|u:il1ed tlat iit a cow, and whofc Iticnnli wi>
li'.cti, titat one ut tlteni could carrv three tall men on his hack i
thuir necks heiri}r like a c-amcT'-, hut their heads hkc thole ot
1 uv (hccp- TliL). wercilic nioil ufet'til animaK ul this country,
not unly uiiorOirj; ixcelUn' IImsl-; are vvliolcluiiir ficl!i,hut let*'-

•

the convciiiiiiceoi runnin;; up creek* and h.irbours 1
for this piirpole they failed iuto the bay ne.ir Coquim-
bo on the I7ih of Dccimber. The town was iiilia-
bitiil by Spaniards, a hundred of whom came out
againlt ilieiii on horfeback. DrakJ's men prudently
re tired, one oidy excepted, who oblliintely jierfilKJ
in reiiiaii.iii^ on' (hore, and biing flaiii by the Spa-
niards, after a (lout rtfiftance, lliey urdeied loiiiu of
the liidi.iiis who attended them to the amount of
2CC, to be hi ad and tear the heart out of his body in
light of the Kiij^'lilh, \i ho prefeiitly quitted tilisplaci-
in learch of a nute leciiie harbour.

Havin;; found a b.iy, where they built llieir pinnace,
Drake Went lu feek iiis cumpa)ii(>ns, but returned ia
two days ; the v, ind proving contrary. Landing af-
terwards at a port called S.ircipaxa, and having found
aSpaniaid aflwp witli b.irs of (ilver lyin;; by him, to
the amount of 4,cco Spanirti duckets, they rook aw:iy
the trcafure, leaving the guardian of it to hii reiiofe.
The'i next exploit on this coall WHi taking the bur-
dens from the backs of eight Peruvian fhecp, (driven
by a Spaniard] which loads were of filvcr, each of
thefe animals carrying loolb. weight of that metal
in leathern bags arroi-, his back. 'I'hey found loinc
Indian towiit iarther on, the natives ot which vilited
them palling the watry element fitting on two fcal-
fkins blown up with wind, which they manai;ed very
dextroufly. I'licfc people trafficked with them for
glafs and toys in the ufual maiiiier of thofe coun-
tries f. On the aoth of January tluy 1 r rived at Mor-
morcna, from which place contin'iiiiir their courlS
northward, on the 7th of the next month they cnine
to Arica, which is fituatein latitude H° 36' fouth la-
titudc|. Here they found three rmall vcflbls, on
board of which there were 57 flabu of f.lvcr, about
the fi7.c of a brick, and nearly of the fame form,
weighing near 2olb. each. The crews of the vef-
fels being all on (hore, the F.iii;lifli met with nn rc-
nitance, but made ..n c.ify prize of the tiialiire. Drake
did not think fit to attacK the town, jutl^in^; his num-
bers not fufficicnt for the entcipnze; he therefore
failed to Chuli, af;<;r having ftopj ed a coaUin"; vcf-
fel, whofe ladin • -nififtcd of linen and cloath>, out
of which he took >'ucl<. aiticles as his men mofl winted,
and then fufFercd the Spaniards to proceed on their
voyage.

From Arica an cxprefs had been fent with iiifoi-o
mation of his being on the coaf}, which arriving two
hours before he could reach the port, the maAer of a
fhip that had 300,000 pezoes of filver in ba'rs on
board, had thrown it into the fen, as they were in-
formed by .in Indian that was left alone in the vefl'cl,
the reft of the crew being gone on fliorc for fccurity.
Drake hearing thefe tidings departed immediately for
Lima, where he arrived on the 15th of February.
He found a number of Spanifh (hips§ in the har-
bour, but met with no reliftance from them, and had
a good booty there, taking from one vefl'el a chcll
full of rials of plate; and lilk, and linen cloaths, to
a confiderablc amount frotn other (hips ; the furprile
the Spaniards were in, and the reputation of this ex-
traordinary adventurer not fuflering them to aifl as they
might have done for their own etefencc, the coufc-
quenccof which might have been Drake's deflrui£lion.
But he refted, not here ; having being informed that
the rich (hip called the Cactfuego had failed three
days before for Paita, he rcfolved to go in purfuit of
heri but finding afterwards that, inllead of Paita, (he

was

ingas carritn over roc!:^ and mountains, where no other lieall
can travel 1 their tcet heini; of a panicular form, cnaUlinft thtm
to tread tiim on the llccpeU and moA flipjiery places. On ihi»
coall, it is (aiit^ tlie mountain*; u-cre fu impregnated with filvcr,
tliat Irnmone Imndrcil weight of comtnon earth, fire ounces at
line lilver ini^ht Ik fcparated.

Z At this port the Spaniaidi ufcd to land iheir mcrchandife,
and to cml>..ik the filver which was carried fium thcnceco Ha-
naina, but alter Drake's iocurlion they iliercd Ihcir plan, cu*
ryinj it over land to Lima.

' \ Some writers fav they were fo fail, others mention but li|
however thi'ic were fsir.elhips at farce aniang ilicin,

i • ", ■■"■■)

SIR FRANCIS DRAkt.

WM gone for Panama, he altered hit coiirfc accord-
ingly, promifing that the fi'" man who tf|iic<l her

»iiic>l
arch

nioulil have Ills goM chain, vHich rcw.ir.l wasua
by hit brother John. It was on ihc ill day of M
that they came ui» with this vcllll, and atttr a IliKhr
rcfirtancf took her, when they found her fo riclily
laden that it w:is the 6th day before they could brinu;
■way the trt.ifure with which ftic was frcmhicd,
She had on board a quantity of jewels, l { chcds ot

. .> I ' Li. ^£ ....I.I •••■il im>friii(iyi t

tells u» that news wa» brought of Drake's beinj; upon
thecoafti the governor having before aflcmbltd the
force of the country to oppofc him if ncccflaTy, find-
ing he made (ail and i»ood out of the harbour, ordered
three (hip* with fix piece* of cannon on ooard, and
aco men to be aot ready to po in purfuit of him j but
the time neccflary for couipping; thefe velTeU, gave
Drake the advinuee of clcaping them, and he
came up with the Cacafucgo, offCapc Francifco.
Juan dc Anton, the captain, feeing a (hip coming
towards him, with all her fails let, thought ftn
might be fcnt with fomc mcflage to him from the
viccToy, and lay to, in order to receive her. He did not
perceive his miftake till too late, when his attempt to
efcape proved vain, Drake pouring in the fhot from
his great ordnance faft upon him, which as he could
not anfwer in the fame way, he was obliged to ftrike.f

Thecomm.inderhavingdifmilTedthcSpaniards, flood
olF again to fca, and ftiaped his courfe to the wcftward \
while three Spanifh fliips which were fcnt in qucft of
him by the viceroy of Peru, having been too late to
come up with him, failed with a view to intercept him
at the ftreights of Maghcllan. In the mean time this
fortunate iidr.iiral, in his way, fell in with a vef-
fel from the Eaft Iniies, whofc lading confiftcd of
china ware, filks, and cottons. The owner being on
board, mtde him a prefent of a falcon wrought in folid
gpld, with an emerald of aa extraordinary fize fct in
the breaft, and this) together with a gold cup that he
received from the uilot, proved a ranfom for the veiTol,
which was accordmgly difmlAed by the captors. %

Finding a convenient harbour in a little ifland
which they made on the 13th of March, the Englifli
put in there, anchoring in five fathom water. On
the 20th of the fame month, their pinnace found a
fmall coailiiig veflcl that was pafling by. Thev took
out of her a quantity of farfaparillo, butter, and other
gowls I in the room of which Drake put on board her
the gold and filvcr from his own (hip, which he
wanted to heave, and refit for fca. This employed
his people till the 26th, when they took in the loading
again, and having taken in wood and water, they,
together with the little Spanifh frigate, put to lea
again. They gave chace to a fhip on the evening of
the 6th of April, above two leagues from the main
land, and hoarded her the next day before the crew
were up. They took great quantities of bale goods
from this vcflel ; and among the perfons found one
called Don Francifco Xarate, who had intended to fail

ic
A

|i wa-i
, whi>
• i^tli
(J (hill

.lie

AlulUH

HI but 111

* I-opez de Var..

t " Tliere was in this fiilp (fays the Spaniard In Ills account)
S^OtOOO uczoct of lilver, and 40,000 pczocs of gold, all which
filvcr anti ^oUI was cuOomed \ but what treafurc they had un-
cullomcdi I know not ; for many times ihey cairy almoli as
much more as ihcy pay cuftom for 1 oiherwifc the King would
take it from them if they Ihould \yt known to have any great fum.
Wlicrcfbre crtry (hip carries a bill of cuflom that the king may
fee it. All tht treafures which Drake took was merchants
and other mens nxKis, faving lEoiOao pczoes of the king's,
lie had alfu out oTthis fliip good (lore of vinualsi and other
nccciraiics which were to he carried from Panama, and w*i live
days in taking out fuch things as they needed.

•' This done, he failed to the coali of New S|Ain, without
going 10 1'anama. 1'hc fliips that were fent by the viceroy of
Peru from Lima, ariiveil nlf Cape Francifco 10 days after
Drake had taken the Cacafucgo, and had intelligence by a
fliip coming from Panama, that he had taken a fliip with
Alvci and \\k not gona to PaaasKi whereupon the commander

rpire

for Panama, an. i from ilicncc to .1\>:,.:, Uiiv^ I't.K^td n;()

with lettira troiii the Cniin ftf !i,.>m lu U>o

of the Phillippint!-, as iiUo a at ul ( .1 ch. ■'

voyage, which became viry ulWiil to (In -11

Spanilh pilot, wlioin they tuok hoin thi

likewil'e kept to diicit thtin into ((Uiic UW \

accordingly brought them to Aii(;iiat\ilco on

of April, where tlicy rem, mud till tli • jfjlh,

proceeded tu fea, having dilmilR-d their Sp.iiulti pilot,

and likewil'e Nuno da S)lv.i, whom they h^ul brought

from the Canaries. §

When they landed at Angu^tulco, the admiral Surptift
marched his men immediately up to the town where Si.,Tiiini
the chief m.igillrate was then fitting in jud^nuiu on >"^'i;
fome Indians who wereaccufed of having eiiteied into
a confpir.iiy to fct fire to the place. Thefe wretches
had douhlkfs been fentenccJ to death, but for the ar-
rival of the Englilh, whu made the judges and crimi-
nals alike their prifoners, and conduced them in
proccflion to their commander's (hip. ^Vhen they
were come on board, the juil^c was obliyil to write
an order to the commander to deliver up the town,
where the conquerors found no fmall trcalure.**

Having futeecded thus far, thele lucky .idventurcrs Thev p'
confidcring that Fortune is often licklr, and bciin; f"f '' ••'
equally fcatful of lofing, as they were defirous of"^""
enjoying, what through Co many perils and dangers
they had .icquired, began fcrioufly to think of re-
turning, while their commander reprefented the nc-
ceflity of firft finding out fomc harbour wherein they
might refit, and alfo urged the great convenience as
well as honour which would accrue if they could find
out fome fhortcr pafiiige from one fea to the other, a
matter, which he then faw no reafon to deem imprac-
ticable.

They accordingly failed into a port in the Ide of
Canes, when there they took in wood and water and
prepared for the voyage, intending if polTible to dif-
cover a north-we(t palTagc, but coming to lat.
4.3° the cold proved fo intolerable to them who h.-i(i
to long been cruifing in the warm climates, that they
were obliged to lay afidc their project and change
their courlc.

Not difcouraged by this difappointment, Drake
refolved to put in execution the plan which he had be-
fore laid down in cafe of the failure of his firfl fchemc \
which was to ftcer for the Moluccas, and return by
way of the Cape of Good Hope into the Atlantic
Ocean. In purfuancc of this defign they fpread their
fails to the northern wind';, and (leering fouthward
had arrived in 38" 30'' north lat. when they dilcoxered
a commodious harbour, in which they anchored on
the 17th of June.

The next day a man in a canoe approached the
(hipping, who (ecnied to make a fort of oration in his
language. He repeated his vifits a fecond and a third
time, and at the end of his laft fpecch gave them a
crown of black feathers and a balkct filled with a foit
of herb, that he threw into the boat, and in ex-
change for which he was not willing to receive any
thing.

It was not, however till three days after wartts that

the

of the three (hips thinking that Captain Drake had l«en gone
for the flreights of Maghcllan, diredlcd his courfe that way to
feek him."

X Drake, however, knowing China porcelain to be a fcarce
coinmuility at timt time in Europe, took four chells of that
ware out of her, before he futtcrcil her to depart.

II They alfo took a young negro gii I, whom either the com-
mander or I'nme ol his crew got with child, and afterwards
cruelly defcrtcd her.

i In return for his fervices he was landed on the continenr,
and confequentlv Kft to the mercy of the Spaniards, who car-
rying him to Mexico, put him to the torture, 10 force hini \.o
make difcnvcries. Then he was lent to Spain, where, having
told all that he knew, he » as ill fcliarged and fcnt home in fafet^

"* They are faid to have found there a great pot full of
plate •* as big as a bulhcl," fome Jewell, and a gold chain,
the latter uf which was taken from a gentleman who was in-
tercepted while he was endeavouring to make his cfcapc from
the town.

» .

THE VOYAOES OF

•t

I'l

I57() . the csmnunJtr rli^iri.' t<> brln,; hi* flii|i«, wliith llix^l
— » — '^ ill m\J of ri'paird, il<»(e to thi^ friiiiilly iojII. I.iind-
iiiB, ill orJir In ukv out the lading, the Kiulllh yrt
duliiom of the (liiccrity of the iuti\rs, fiiifor.! fnrtl-
hcaliuii olcn th, Sliced with pjlifjiliKi, a work which
the Indians, wliillt it W4s g'liim iwi, furvcyrd with
admiration. The adniirut, it Uiigth, rniivincrd of
their lincerity, having prevailed on thini to lay aflile
their howi and jrrow*, pnl'entcd them wiih linen
:.iul foine other nccell'iry artiilci, which were imived
liv them with equal dcnu>ii(lratioili of wonder and
reWl.
iitTniliain I'hey returned two dayt arierwirdu, their numf>er>

imi.iur >iul being |',really iiicreafed, (lopping on the tun of a nrigh-
iciiiuniv.. bourinp; hi!l, and hy their voicej and geflure^ draw-
ing the attenliii'i of the Kngtifh, who ronnived by
their manners at the fiift meeting, and the liMid noifeii
they afterwards made, that they were inclined tft pay
thein ,\ fort of worlhip .ucnrding tothe cullom of their
counti) . Drake and hi> follower* were confirmed in
this opinion, hy a lon^ oration that one ut the In-
(4ian» now made, all of them bowing their budiei, at
the md of it ar.d repeatifi'.; the woriffM as r\preflive
vf their appn.batidn. I'lun they laid afide their
bowv, and the nn n coming down toward* the tents
thus imarmed, were kindly reccitcd hy the Knglilh
commander ; while the women, who furveycd what
palled at a difKiiice, began to tear thcmfelves with
fhcir nail«, and throw themfclves on the groMnd, in
token of reverence to the llrangcr*. Soon after came
two amb.ill'adors from the llioh or king, who demand-
ing certain tokens of peace, which requcft beiiiggrant-
ed, the king hinifelf paid a vifit to the fettlement. A
perffin preceded him hearing a kind of fcepfrc of
black wood, orMamrnted with chains made of horn
or bone, which thry iife as tokens of diliinAion,
The monarch himlcli came next. His apparel was a
coat made of fkin*, and on his head he wore a crown
of feathers cirioiilly interwoven. He had a hundred
tall mm for a ^uard. His attendants who followed
him wore a drefs fomcwhat rcfembling his own, and
the common people l>rouj;ht roots ana fifh in baflceti,
which were contrived fo as to Ik capable of holding
water. Though the proceflion had every appearance
tif peace, and the nntiies, notwithlKmding they were
flout men, h.id no v.capons adequate for defending
thtmfclvts or aflaultinj; others, their bows being too
weak to he properly confidcred as warlike implements,
yet Drake took the precaution of drawing up hit men
in order, while they approached, and when they Hop-
ped, the fccptre bearer began a fort of fong and dance,
the men accompanying him. But the wom^^ were
obferved to dance only, without joining in the fonc.
In the me.Tii tiiin- e\ c-y look and gtllurc fo fully
•lenoted their |ieaccab!e ilcfign', that the En^lilh ad-
mitted them into thiir camp, and after a repetition
jif their dance and fon^, another fpcech was made,
the purport of which was the defire the king had ^f
conferring his kin,c;dom on Drake, who was accord-
ingly crowned, h.i(l th'.- title of Hioh given him, and
was invtiled with all the inlignia of roy.^lty that were
lur lilt lutcii. u("j.j fn the invelliture of fovereign princes in that
country. He bavin;; gone through thife ceiemo-
iiies, took pofll'llion of tlu- |>litcc for queen Eli/iilielh,
and then the common ptople retiring, tore their flefli
as before, i.i token of refp.cl, a ceremony which they
repeated till atlaft they weic given to und: rftand that it
was highly difagrceable to theirguells; at the fame time
that bv proper application* thry cured the wot luls bv
iviiieh thel'c poor creature? tellificd their love arid
iub.nufiion When tlufe ceremonies were laid afide.

Prakc take-.
iio!!i.llii)n ot
K-.*v Alliior

' Tltcfi: aic (lLU'ril)eagi under their c^i^t wkich
ffTve 'licni t.>ciriv tun! lotluir jouni', wkU rats tails ami paw^
like tl'Oft: ot a llintc.

+ Tliev J' lull broviiilit fruits «nil otlicr iliini;s of fmall value,
.inif U'VTC contented uirh a rrrular cxch.in{rc i hut afterwards
tliiakiMK lli^luly of die t>rce ofilie En^lilh, a numhcrof men in
i^iiiiswere lint, wlm iadilcntly took wliaicvenhey could lay
;li' ii lisndN on, witltou: ^'Jvlr.^ any tiling iu excliango. Ic fol<
I'j'.vcd, il.at at laltUiry were uciiccd to keep a>var,un which lh:y

they Hill continued tlu fe vifiH, whil>' Drak,' attJ
lonie of his men, in r. turn, went up the countiy,
which they f luiid fertile enough by nature at fomv
dillance fioni th. lea (hole, and lull of lat.'e deer, aiiit
rein.irk.tble (or a partieiilai fort of conies*. 'I'll!- Kn
kjlilh found the houfes of the native like liime already
tlelciihed to Ik- nothing but holes ilii;r to a con\rnient
depth, with ralters meeting fo as to foim the roof at
the top. I hr hrt was made in the middle tif each
houfe, witbtuit a chiiimey, the (iiKjke Iwin;; fuirered
to illue out at the ihior. Kulhei feived thefe Hmplu
[leoplc inlkiid nl beds I the womiii wore nothing
but each a pettimat ot biilriilhes, and the men in ge-
neral went quite naked. 'i'lii,y Icemid ij'norant ol the
uliful arts of life, they took lilh, but wanti-d not the
alTillancc of net*, being (o dextfoiis as to catih tlu in
in their hands whenever they fwam near the (hore.

'I'houuh it doe- not appear that the podillion of thif
land, which was ufeful onlv to Drake by furni(hiii);
hiinwith pr(U ilions andartlling plaac,rouldbe of any
ureat ufc to his tountrv, ut he (cems to have valutif
nimfelf upon the acquilition, and before hi* departure,
caufed fho.iccouiit ot the refignationof it lobeciiL'raveiv
on a brafs pl.ite, and fined up by way of memorial.
The inhabitants greatly lamenttd the lols of thefc
their guells, kept them as long as polTible in their
fight Irom the liiHs, and afti r they fet liiil, lighteii
upfires an if intendeil for faerilices, which the Kiiglilh
condrued as the loiV token of rcl'pe^f they thoughc
they could (hew to fucli wife and beautiful (Irangers,
who bad deigned to honour them with their prefeiice.
Vanity might poflibly have a (hare in (onic of thefo
conclufions ; however, when it is conlidercd with what '

eft'.'cm next to veneration the Spaniards were at firft
received by the Americans, wc may well credit, \ii */
erneral, the account given of the reception of the
r'.nglifli in this hofpitable couiitty, to which the
conimandcr gave the name of New Albion, from tho
white clifFs that furruunded it.

They quitted this harbour on the 23d of July, ajiit
after having touched at fume neighbouring illands, it
was refolved in a general confukution to fail for the
Moluccas, whither they dire^ed their courfe on the Sails for tl.«
aSth of the fame month, (leering welkily, without M"'""*-
coming in fight of land, till they difcovered fome
illands on the 30th of September in ::o' north lat. from
whence the inhabitants at (iril came to- them peace-
ably toexchange provifions for Kuropcan commodities,
but at length growing infolent, Drake thought proper
to give tliem an idea of his |>ower by his ordnance,
which, without hurting them, had the defired cfFedl
of preventing firrther infolcnce from the untutored
fa\'ages. f

It \ns on the 3d of November that our adventurers
arricxd at the Moluccas, intending to touch at Teri-
dore or Tidore : as they coalfed along the ifland of
Mutua, the vicTroy of the king of Ternatc paid them
a viflt recommending to them to make application to
his ma(KT for fupplies, and not to the king of Por-
tugal, who W.1S at cmriity W'th him. The command-
er was accordingly prevailed on, and anchored on
the 5fh before Tcrnate. Three large barges with the
viceroy and feveral of the principal nubility came out
to condui^l the veflel falc into harliour. The king
likeuife, having been prefented with a velvet cloak in
fign ui amity, afterwards caiiit- in gieat Date, and was
received under the dilcliarge of the caiiiiuii, the mufic
Itrikini; up as he approached.!

This prince had guards who undcrftood the ufe of
fire-arms, though javilin.s, and bows und Arrows Were
their principal weapons. He is dclcribcd us a perfun

ot"

liepaa linfliliiifs with a llinwcr of (lones 1 hut Drake In thil
iiil'.ir,LL Oicwcil Itis miiileration. hy l^rin^ liis (;rcat runswithoi.c
hurting them, hut the lounil of which fu ..ttri^htcd ihcm. that
iuii<p;ni2 i:i;n ihe tvater. they hid tlicmlcltci under iheir canoe I,
lor tear of thric icriible ingincs, which iudccd, might havt
Iwcn iife<l for ihcir dellruflion.

t He svii fo svdl falisticd wiili lliis inaik of tcfpcA, that l>«
invited till pcrtoiiticn on beaiil hii own ba[^c, in token st \<a
•pfio! I'i'Hi.

fcTR FRANCIS O k A K ¥..

ttf il mijtftic mien ind ((rarcriil »(\)t(\, — Thnfc iliat
Rttcrulcil him were drrllrij in cottnn* <ir calliciic'i hiiiI
(nmis (>r thciii wen- of a vcikmIiIc Jk'.cil ii|)|M.'auiic( ,
He wiihilrcw when the Ihip liiiiic (o uii anchor, hav-
ing );ivcn hJH luhjiitti leave tiilriillic with the KranKern,
iinil pruiiiirckl tu reliirn Milhiii the (\>»co of two

Drake havinu fcnt fume nenlUmen on ftiore, thi'y
Itftiipilon ulwcreconduiUd tolhcialJIe I, and being introdiucd
htiugitwl at court, fniiiul there near looo people. On raih
!•'•■ ficlv ut the outward gate there wailed four old intir-

pii til •. il other couiilriet. Atnonu the lourtieni were
to ;>ii I'dunfellorii. When hi:, niajcllv apfwared on
ihu iblic occafion he Wan drefl in tloih of gold,
■ml h I lil« hair woven into yolden riimlitB i he had
diamond rinanon his linger*, and a nofd chain rouml
hi* neck. Near hit chair there wat a pa^c with a fan
fit with (apphires, which wasiil'eful in nuHlerating the
heat of the weather, and he fat under a rich canopy,
where he received the Knglilh in (fate, and with niarki
uf honour and rcfpciit (.

On the 9th of Nov. the Knglilh quitted this liar-
liour after having ftiipped hctwun four and five torn
«if clovet, and (ailing I'outhward, put in at an iinin-
h.ibiled in.ind which wrh picafant, woody, and full of
a kind of Diet, which flionc by niulit like fire. Here
they put in to refit their fllip» whicli had become leaky
nnuleul, and landing, (laycd (wenty-fix dayst there
to rcfrefli themlclvcs, where they found fruits of an ex-
cellent flavour, and a remarkable large fori of tor-
toifes.

When the Endifh took the Mul.itto girl on board
the Spnnifll vellcl, as has been already mentioned,
they alfo tcH)k a Negro lad, and it was on this iHand
that they rcfolvcd to fet them both on (hore toi;etlier,
the girl not yet fifteen, being near the time of her de-
livery. I'u tfftti this cruel purpul'e, they found
means to fend both of them a great way up the coun-
try, and while they were far enough on, weighed an-
chor, and left the harbour on >hc nth of December,
abandoning them to their fortune, and they were ne-
ver heard of more.

In tlieircourfe they fell in with a number of iflands,
from which juft when they thouj,lit themfelvts difeii-
ftilkejupoii .tangled, ihcyftruck on a conreaVd rock in the night
tvck. o( the i()th of January. 'I'hc fliock was fo much the

greater as the accident was unexpected. Wlun the
crew (xirceived tlieir fituation murmurs began toarife
ilmong them, and their commander cl'cnpcd not fomc
fcvcre reproaches. Fletcher the chaplain in particular
accufcd him, intimating that the men were likely to
fuffer for the crimes of their captain, an ohfervation
which fevcrcly hurt the latter-, but he well knew this
was no time to t.ike up the matter, and therefore bore
what in other circumftances wouhl have called forth
his refeiumcnt. As matters were now fituated he ra-
ther drove to reconcile differences than to augment
them, at the fame time that he tried all means which

frudencc could fuggeft to furmount this difficulty,
n the firft place, as the vefl'el had not bulged on tfie
rock, he lightncd her by caiifing the guns and water-
rafks to be thrown overboard, and having recourfe to
the pump, found the water did not gain upon them.
After this, he would have tried to bring her to with
an anchor, hut could find no place proper tu fix one.
Vol. I. No. 4.

Tlie lliip

* HottTier he iliil not krep liis woril, liut fcnt his brother
wiih an vxcuTc, He alio inviieil the cummiiidcr on llioie pro-
I'l.rm)! to (lay ii an holla);c i hut Drake not chuHngio go, fcnt
iJihiTt along with the king'i brother, and kept the viceroy ai
a plci'Kc for llicir fafctv.

t Thii for. '. which diil not appear to be of great llrength,
w«i former! ■ rcftti! hy the Portuguefc, who fcttlin(( there
alter murile ,ig the klnr. lad tnifcariicJ in their defign of
hiin);ine the iflanil under faljcAian.

X A t'hincfc gentlemen who reported hiinfelf to b« defccnd-
eJ Iron) the imperial rair, lainc on board Drake's vclTcl while
they remained at Tcrntte. He faid, that having been accufcd
of fomc capital crime in UU own country, not lieing able n>
clear himfelf by evidence, he wa> fcniencVd to ao <:»ile, the
term of which wat to be catciMleil till he cuuM reiurit with fo'nc
intelligence that might Iw honourable or idrantagcoui to the
•nipira, After an abfcccc cf three ytari, thi fami of T/nkc

is the reuk fnfe per|>cndiciilar, and flof)d .ilrt(\f in the I 580
fiM. I Ilia dilcoviiy however hi' was at iin I111.1II pains s ■ , <
to coniiali but .it Imglli lia\ iiii^ Ihth llmk fall lot
labours, he began with thi: till, to lulc all liojies 6f
deliverance 1 on which accoimi he gave his en w an .
exhiiitation to forgive ill injiiius ami prepare tliim-
lilves lor lite worit evriil. Wliile they were in this
lituation, Klctcher adniiniltcred the Sai ramciit to
thiiii .ill, and this confirmed thin recom iliation.

Hill wluneveiy one had gin imp ihc ho| of elcapini
from this |R'rilous fituation, the wind fuiUiiily I hantjed,
and hlowinj brilkly from a difl'ereiit i|iiaitir heaved
the (hip oH the tuck, without doing hir any coiifi-
derahle damage,

Tliiis ulieved, they proceeded (lowly and cautiouny,T|,,y. ,n„,j ,g
fill llnv reaihiil the ill.ind of llaratiiie <|, whcie they ii^rimi*,
repaired their mIRK, and fotiiid the country fertile
ami poUilled hy haiidliinic people.

iJepaiting from thence they prtceeded to the idcof
Jav.i, where they wi re well received by the king,
who entertained Diake on (llore, nd y.wc him li-
berty to get what provifions they lloiul in need of,
hiinlilf coining on hoard to furviy the (hip, which
was victualled there ) and had her bottom payed, to
fit her lor the voy.ige, after which the admiral departed,
and was much mortified to find his coiiipany infilled
on his immed.ate return home, while he entertained
defignsof a dili'erent nature.

It was now that he thought proper tnftiew hisrefent-
ment againll the chaplain : under pretenci' ol his I'pi-
riting up the people to oppofe him, he caufid him tu
Ik m.ide fall by one of his legs with a chain, and a
Itaple knocked fait into the hatches, in the forecadic
of the (hip. He called all the company together, and
then put a lock about one of his legs ; and Drake,
fitting crols-legged on a che((, and a pair of pantoflcs
in his hand, belaid, '• Francis Fletcher, I do here ex-
communicate thee out of the church of God, and
from all the benefits and graces thereof, and, I re-
nounce thee to the devil and all his angels /' and then
he charged him, upon pain of death, not once to come
befttre the mad ; for it he did, he fwore he (hould be
hanged, and Drike caufed a fisfiy to be written and
bound about Fl. ichor's .irm, with charge, that if ho
took it ofT, he (hould then be hanged ) the pofcy was,
" Framii Flitchtr, tin fiilftfl knavt that livtth."

The commander, however, was obliued to com-
ply with the dcfires of his people, and fleering for''''"P*''l''*
the Cape of Good Hope, doubled it on the 15th of ;;^,^^^ '""""»
June, pafl'ed the line on the 12th of July, and arrived
at Sierra Lcona on the aid, without experiencing
thofe great dangers which were generally luppofcd to
attend the navigation, and which the I'ortugucfa
thought it their interell to ex.iggerate. After two
days (lay at Sierra Lcona, they once more fpread their
fails to favouring ijales, the perils and difficulties of
their undertakinc being end-.d, and after a profperous
voyage fell in witli the ifland of Ferrara on the i ith of
Septemlwr, and then proceeded for P^ngland in adi-
redl courfe, all being impatient once more to behold
their native country.

They entered Plymouth harbour on the 3d day of

Noveinlwr, 1580, Drake having brought home an

immenfe treafure, as well as gratified his own private .

pique, and his miflrcfs's rcfentmcnt againll the Spa-

K niards.

had brought him from Tidorc, in order to convrrfe with one
wUo had vifitcd fu many countiics. The Englill. coiiimanilir
ordered one of the company to recite twice over tbofe occur-
rencei which were moll remarkable in the couile of his vovaKe,
and the exile thanking Heaven that he had met with fo iTiuch
information, dtnatted well faiisfied, in order to return to
China, whithci he drove in vain to perfutde Drake to tccom.
pany him.

S The illand was governed by a number of raias fuhjcA to
one principal king, three of thefe having come on lioard toge-
ther, by their favourable repon, induced the monarch himfcU
afterward, to honour the ilrangert with his (.rcfcnce. Vhcy
found die Javnnt to lie at once a warlike, fociallc, haispy peo-
ple, not at all ijlven to that prcttykind of thieving fo common
among the Indians inthofe parts 1 hr.pnyimeng tKtmfclrn.an*
rcmwkitdy Iwfpltabk ic Arangcii.

THE VOYAGES O I

1585 nlardS) who were highly fcnfible of. the affront) and
* w '<> waited but an opportunity to revenge the injury.

In token of her hearty approbation, on the 4th of
April, in the following year, her majefty coming to
D„l„ dine on board Drake's fliip, royally attended, after

km 'lueJ. dinner conferred on the commander the honour of
knighthood in reward of his ferviccs ; though there
Were not wanting thofe that thought the breach with
Spain, which would naturally follow the depredations
that this adventurer had made on their Indian territo-
ries in the new world, would counterbalance all the
wealth that had been acquired by this fuccefsful pi-
racy. The Spanifh writer already quoted (Lopez
Vai by name) fays, " That Drake carried from the
coaft of Peru, 806,000 pezos of filvcr, equal to 866
quintals,cqual to loolb. weight each quintal, amount-
ing to 1,139,200 ducats. He alio carried away
100,000 pezocs of gold, equal to ten quintals, each
quintal valued at 1500 Spanifh ducats; and all this
btlidcs the treafure in the fhip, which was not en-
tered, confiding of gold, tilvcr, pearl, precious ftoncs,
coined money, ana other thinj^s of great value ; he
alfo rifled the fhips from the Philippines, laden with
fpices, filks, velvets, and other rich merohandize,
the value not known." By the above relation, the
filvcr only at 5s. per oz. amounts to 25g,8ocl. and
gold to 48,000!. fterling. But other accounts make the
value of the wliole carg.) brought home by the Golden
Hind (for that was the name that Drake chole his
fliip, the Pelican, fliould be known by) amount to
SoOjOOol. though that which was divided among the
crew was only, 8o,oool. The remainder was moft
likely to be difpofed of at the court, and we can hardly
doubt but that the queen was well recompenfed for
her " adventure of 1000 crowns." We have even the
authority of hiftory for an account of Qiieen Eliza-
beth's refunding a part of the plunder to the Spaniards,
which could hardly have been the cafe if (he had not
been greatly benefited by this voyage. And indeed,
the honour which fhc conferred on Drake at a time
when he was not without enemies, and the people
weredivided in thciropinions of hisexpedition feemed
to verify what Mr. Thomas Doughty was charged fo
heavily for uttering, that " If they brought home
gold, they (hould be the better welcome."

Drake who was thus honoured by his fovereign was
the firft captain that ever furroundtd the globe, and
lived to return home in fafety from his exi>edition.
The paflasje of Maghellan had fo often been tried in
vain, afterthe death of that unfortunate captain, that at
length all men feemed to have laid afidc the proje^ •

> A Knii>l'.t of Malta called nracu dc LoaiTa, with fcven
fliip^ attcin|ncd to (ullow Ma^hcllan's tra{)— tiis own fliip re-
tuincil to Spain, lie paired the (lieiglits, but loft fomc ofhisrcf-
fcN. and his own life — two of the reflcls only reached the Eaft
Indies, where he and his n>cn pcrifiied. The Oenocfe made an
unfviccefsful attempt of this kind in i5ii. The famous Scbaf-
lian Calxit, in the Foduguefe fctvice, tried in Tain to find the
fliein'.!:5i and Americus Vcfpurius, from whom the continent
of America received its name, had afterwards a> ill fucccfs in
the like undertaking. Simon de Alcafara with a ftrong I'qua-
dron failing with an Intention to make his paflagc through the
flreigiit, was forced to return on account of a muiioy among
his men, which put an end to his expedition.

t "Certain Jefuits {fav^Linofclioten a Dutchman then at Ooa)
fame from the illand of Japan, and with them thiea princes, lieing
■ he fons oifro many kini;s of tliai country, wlwlly apparelieal
like lefuits, not one of tliem almre tlie a^c of fifteen yeais, being
minded bv the perfuaTion of the lefuits to vifit I'ortugal, fPor-
tugal and^ Sjials were then both ruled by one fovereign] and
from tlience (o go to Rome to fee the Pope, thereby to pro-
cure great profit, . irileges, and Ilbcttic« for the people of that
illandJ In 1584 tucy fct fail for Portugal, and from thence
Irai'cUed into Spain, where ilicy wcra received with honour b/
tlic king and the Spanifh noliiliiv, and prcfenied with many gifts
—which the Jeluits kept for tlicinfclvct. Out of Spain they
went to fee the Popci that done, tlicy travelled throughout
jtaly, where they were much honoured, and icccircd many rich
presents, by means of the great reports made of them. They
returned to Madrid, where, with grew honour, they took their
leave of the king, who furniflicd them with letters of recam-
mendation to the viceroy and all the ({ovemors of India. So
they went to Liflxin, and there took Aijijiing in 1 jb6, and came I
ta Goa in lh« Slip sailed tbc St. Philip, ^whcH Imth tlw prinsci I

till our navigator accomplilhed it, and attempted 4
north-welt paflage, which had never been the object
of their fearch. All this contributed greatly to r.iife
his fame, and his fhip was ordered to be preferved as
a memorial of the grcatnefs of his undertaking;.

Though we have thus acton.iuiiiul this c.iiraor-
dinary man round the world, jit we (Mnnot I'o far
difappoint the curious reader as to leave him without
a brief relation of (he cntcrprifes wherein iie was
afterwards engaged, As we have begun witii his life,
(o we fhall not finifli our relation till that period
when death, dropping the curtain, put an cud to his
mortal exillencc.

In the vear 1585, our fuccefsful adventurer was
employed by the queen as commander in chief on an
expedition to the Weft Indies } wherein St. Jago, St.
Domingo, Carthagena, and St. Aiiguftine were taken.
Two years afterwards, he was fcnt to Lifbon, but
having had intelligence of a fleet allcnibling at Cadiz
for the purpofe of invading England, he failed thither,
and furpriling the Spaniards, burned io,ooo tons of
fhippingand all their warlike ftorcs, which was a hea-
vy ftroke, and i'evcrcly felt by the enemy. Hoalfofell in
with, and took a rich fhip on his return, called the St.
Philip, which was coming from the Eait Indies, f

Repeated fucccfles promoted Drake to honours. In Drnke mule
1588 lie was advanced to bcvicc-admiral:):, under Lord vicc-aiimaaL
EflSngham Howard, then high-admiral of England,
who commanded the force dcflined to oppole the
Spanifh arm.ida. Every one the leafl acquainted
with hiftory, knows the fate of that unwieldy arma-
ment, which was heiiteii back with difgracc, and the
lofs of fome of the fineft veflels, to appearance, of any
at that time feen in Europe, and which had been for
three years preparing in the ports of Spr.in for the long
projetSed invafion of England,

Drake had his (hare in the honour of this vii£iory,ii|;rnn.'i>.'> is
which however he hazarded in fome nieafurc by pur- tlic 1V.1 fi(:ht
fuing fome of the hulks belonging to the Hans 1 owns, V "'' ''" j**""*
in order fo gratify that dcfire of plunder fo habitual to "" »"""'•■
a man who had turned his attention chiefly to pirati-
cal entcrprifes §. Being intrufted to carry lights to
direft the admiral, he mifled him by his conduii^, and
yet made the mofl advantagp of any by the fucci'ls of
the Englifh arms | .

Thus far good fortune h.id attended him and his He uniirf «lce«
royal employer, who having a great doiiendaiice upon an e«|> diiioD
his abilities, alWl greateronthe terror ot his name, and '" l'or.ui;d.
becaufc hepoflefTeJa fpirit in foine meafure, congenial
toherown,fcnt hitnout next year as admiralof a fqua-
dron intended to place Don Antonio, a pretender to

the

and the Jefuits were received with great rejoicing] which fhip,
on her return to Portugal, was taken by Ciptain Drake, lieiug
ihcfirfl that was taken coming from 'lieEalt Indies, which the
Portugtiefc took for an evil ilgn, hccaule the fliip bore the
king's own oaaie." It fecim tlMt liad weather having ilrivcn
this rclTcl on her way to Goa into Mozambique, meeting with
another vcflcl called the St. Laurence there, whicJi was vciy
much damaged, the former on her return piit in again at M<'-
zamlmiue in order to take in the lading of the other Ihip, which
was rendered unferviceable, which enabled her to make hef
voyage to Ewrnpe, almut the ulual time i and lliil fortunate
circumflancc contributed to Drake's fucccfs.

X He had under hiscommand the Captains Martin Forbifltcr,
Knolles, and other experienced oflicers.

i In ihofe of a mere regular nature h« was generally rather
impatient of fupuiority, and cot a nry agreeable colleague.
His deportment on this occal'ion however, <lid him more ho-
nour as appear! from a letter to tlie k>rd trcafucer, in which
he obfcrves, *' That tJiough the ilrcngth of the cikibv outwent
report, yet the chearfulnels and courage which the lord admiral
cxpreffed, gave all who had the honour to Icrvc under him al-
furance of vi£)orv."

U The admiral, by neansof this mifcandu£t oI'Drake, millaking
the lights of the Spanifh commander for his, got into the mid-
dle ofthe enemy's fleet, in the ni^ht, from whence he happily
efcapcd uwlircnvered. Drake afterwards acquired both honour
and money by taking a large galleon coniniandcd by Don Pe-
dro dc Valdez, wlio was fuppufcil to have planned the invafion,
whofet him at firft at defiance, but as foonas he heard his name
furrendcred to him upon his funiinons. In this fliip be-
fidcs valualdc goods he found (0,000 duiiacs, vtbiclt well re-
warded liiiii (or liii u >uUe.

ii'"-

t:\

I r.iile
id M

ir.uir-
i;i tar
ithout

L- WHS

IS IifL't
period
to his

r was
OB ail
;o, St.
taken.
1, but

Cadiz
hither,
ons of

a hc!i-
) fell in
the St.

rs. Ii> Drake maJe

IT Lord vicc-aiiiiiiiaL

iigland,

lofe the

uainted

f arma-

and the

, of any

wen for

he long

viiftory, Hiscon.'iifUn
by pur- tlic •'•' f't'-'it

[iitual to
) pirati-
ights to
iiiit, and
cctfc of ,

and his He uniifi»!!«»
ce upon »n '•"I' 'I'"'""
nK-,and»'l''"-''t'''-
xigvnial
a fqua-
nder to
the

^lich ihip,
ic, bciug
ihich the
Iborc tlx
Ijr ilriven
ling witli

at M"
Lt, which
itkc ht'i

(ortuDat*

lorbilhcr*

hv tatlier
JiUcaguc.

In whi>:h
louiwei't
iilmiral
I him al-

liiftaking
llic mi>^-
1 happily
] honour
on Pe-
InTaOont
\\% name
hip U-
vcll jc-

SIk FRANCIS DRAKlE,

3»

th' crown of Portugal, on the throne of that kingdom.
The following is Rapin's account of that exptdition.
" As tho C|uccu, (fays the hiltori.iii) was extremely
frugal, and uii undertaking agaiiifl Spain could not
but be \«ry expenfivc, the To ordered it, that Drake
Qnd Norris took upon them to be at the charge, in
hopes of making thcmfclvcs amends by the booty they
(hould meet "'ithi So flic only found them fix fliips
of war, with a prcfcnt of 6o,ooo!. with leave to raifc
fokliirs and failors for tne expedition. Drake had al-
ready tried the Spaniards in America, and in tlie chan-
nel, and was convinced they were more formidable in
common opinion than in reality; wherefore joining
with Sir John Norris, and fome other private pcr-
fons, they eciuipped a fleet, and embarked ii,000
foldiers, and 1500 marines. The Hollanders having
alfo added fome fliips, the fleet confilled, according to
Stow, of 146 fail, tranfports and vii£luallcrs in-
cluded. Drake commanded at fea, and Norris was
general of the land forces. They took with them
Don Antonio, who hoped, by the afliftance of the
Englilh, to be put In pofleffion of his kingdom,
where he pretended ta have many friends.

" They failed from Plymouth on the i8th of
April, and fooii after arrived at the Groyne, where
landing their troop?;, they all'aultcd the lower town,
und carried it by llorm ; but Norris having advice
that the Conde dc Andrada was approaching with a
body of troops to relieve the place, fuddenly railed
the fiegc to marrh ajainft him ; and overtaking him,
flew \ooo of his men. This done, he burnt feve-
ral villages ; and without returning to the ficge, re-
rmbarked his tronj>s, their principal dcfign being
againft Portugal.

" Whilll they wcrefailingtowards the coaftsof that
kingdom, they were joinetl by the earl of Eflex, with
Tome fliipis he hiul armed at his own charge, unknown
to the queen. Some days after, they arrived at Pa-
nicha, a little town in Portugal, and, taking it, re-
ftoriii It to Don .\ntonio; from thence Norris inarched
to Liibon, Sir Francis Drake promifing to follow with
the fleet up the 'l'.i<^us. The army proceeded 40 miles
without oppofitioii I and encamping before Liibon,
took the Aiburbs of Sr. Catharine ; but, as Drake
performed not his promife, and the army wanted can-
non and ammunition, it was refolved in a council of
%var to retire, I'his rcfolution was taken, becaufe
there was no appearance that the Port uguefe were in-
clined to revolt, as Don Antonio had expeded ; and
liecaufc there was no news of the fuccoure he had
boafted of from the king of Morocco. The army
marching towards tlie mouth of the T.igus, met Sir
Francis 1}rakc, who had taken the town of Cafc.ics,
and excufcd himftlf upon the impoflibility of per-
forming his promile } fome days after the caftic of
Cafcaes furrendering, ir was blown up, and to make
themfelvcs amends tor the charges of the expedition,
the Englifli (eized fixty vcHcIs laden with corn, and
all manner of naval (lores (to equip a new fleet againft
England) belonging to the Hans towns. Then they
went and took V igo, which was abandoned by the in-
'"" ''"' "^i^- habitants, and firing the town returned to England."
' ;'"'. ""'""" This expedition (it is added) did fome damatre to the
I'liiiin Sir k'"? "' Spam, but was of no bcneht to Elizabeth ;
whicliitwaj and the booty was not fufficicnt to pay for equipping
lent (Alt. the fleet ; though Camden fays they brought home
1 50 pieces of cannon and a great booty. Above 6,000
men ivriftied In this expedition.

Sir Francis Drake's fun of glory appeared at this
time to have been on the decline. Norris, the gene-
ral of the land forces, made a heavy complaint airainfl
bim, alledging that to his conduct alone the ill fuc-
cefs of the cnterprife was owing. Yet Hawkins and
Drake fceming refolved not to abandon their defign of

' Sir lohn liawkins, Iml been fcizcd with a tllforderwhich
pfovod fatal to liiin. — And on tlie verv evening when that
coninnnde*- died, witilc tlie officers were at Tapper, a cannor.>
ball en'.citd the cabin, wliisli Iciltcil Sit MichoUt Clilfbnl

dillrefling Spain, and enriching themfelvcs •$ long as 1^89

thei-c was an opportunity, procured 26 of the queen's " v '

(hips, which were equipped by private adventurers. Another fiic-
Frum an armament fo conliderablc, jr> at m.itters were cefUcfsesiicili.
cxpeiled ; but the commanders fceincd to have for- tion.
gotten thatfuch a fleet could not be fitted out with as
much fecrecy as three or four veflcls, nor proceed with
fo much expedition. 'Fhe Spaniards received intelli-
gence of their equipment j they heard their deftina-
tion was to the Welt Indies, and found the means, by
threatening a fecond invafion to get the (hips detained
till the 28th of Auguft, before whic<i time the plate fleet
had arrived in fafcty, one (hip only excepted, which had
fprting her mart. The que^ communicated thefe un-
welcome tidings to the adventurers^ advifing them
before they purfucd their principal undertaking to at-
tack Puerto Rico, by which nuMns they might take
the galleon, as they had loft all hopes of intercepting
the flota.

Nor did their main dcfign fucceed according to their
cxpe<Sations, Sir Francis Drake pitching on a plan
foreign from that of the undertaking, T his plan was
to make an attack upon the Canaries in their w<iy. It
was conceived crudely, and failed upon the triah
And, to add to the misfortune of this mifcarriage, one
of the Englifh (hips w.is taken by fome of the Spa-
ni(h frigates, whereby the principal circumltanccs of
the Intended attack were dil'covercd : the enemy be-
ing forewarned, took care to prepare for their recep-
tion. It was on the 12th of November that the
fleet came before Puerto Rico*, and the ofKciirs having
been convened in a council of war, an aflault on the
(hipping in the harbour was refolved upon. This had
not the deflrcd cffedl ; no imprefTion was made upon
the fortifications of the place, and the En?li(h at hill
abandoned their defign. They afterwards came to
Riode la Hacha, where they burned the town, and
made fome other dcfcents upon the coalK At length
arriving at the defired place, they landed their fol-
diers, who were to go acrofs the ifthmus to Panama,
but after enduring a great deal of toil and fatii;uo, they
came back without hr.ving been able to cRcil their
purpofc." And now, (fays Fuller) began the difcoii-
tent of Sir Fr.incis Drake to feed upon him. He con-
ceived that expedlation of a mercilefs ufurcr, com-
puting each day iince his departure, exacted an intc-
reft and return of honour and profit proportionable
to his great preparation, and tranfcending his for-
mer atchievemcnts. He ("aw that all the good which
he had done in his voyage, confifted in the evil he
had done the Spaniards afar off, whereof he could prc-
fcnt but fmall vifible fruits in England. Thefe ap-
prehenfions accompanying, if nqt caufing, the dif- Sir Francis
eafe of the flux, wrought his fudden death j and fick- Drake's diaili.
nefs did not fo much untie his cloaths, as forrow did
rend at once the robe of his mortality afundcr. He
lived by the fea, died on it, and was buried in it."
" And thus (adds he) we fee how great fpirits having
mounted to the higheft pitch of |icrformance, after-
wards (train and break their credit in (Irivine to go be-
yond it." — This account of the death of Sir Francis
Drake bears the marks of authenticity, Difappoint-
ments of fuch a nature are not eafy to be endured by
men ufed to a feries of fuccelTcs, and borne up on the
wings of popular applaufe. The commander, of oiiftrvition- *
whom we are writing, had great perfeverance and for- on his charj';.
titude in danger ; but it will be eafiljr perceived ter.
that this character was not without its defefls,
Drake, was a man of great afliduity and induftry,
calculated not only to plan, but alfo to execute; but
both the plan and execution mult be folcly intruded
to him, or (mall hopes were to be formed upon biscn-
dc:ivours for fuccels. He was not, (as he himfelf
declared) a man. of itami'tn bat all the world muft

wounded two otlirr gentlemen, (.ine •nortalK) and Ihot away
the flool (in which Sir Fr.inc's Drake fate, jurt as he wa; drir.k-
Ing fuccef. to the vJKk, \\hi:h •«« :r<trtil tj kt made the ntxt
day.

THE V a Y A O F. S O t

6wn ttiat he was a mnn of abilities. In tlic art of fia-
'59° vigation at thofctiii r^ lie had not his equal ; wc can-
' ' • ' not find among tht' iMvigatorsof more modern date, in

many rcfpeiJts any that can be confidered as hMjuftiior.
He was the firft man that ever completed the circinn-
navigation of the gloK-, and returned with fafety and
honour to his own country. He palled the Streijjhts
of Maglicllan in lels time than any other commander
had ever done. He failed upon an unknown lla,
guided by his own judgment more than any other help,
as his countrymen being i^rnorant vf the navigation
in thofe parts, he could not have the benefit of fea-
charts, nor the guidance of any thing but the com-
pafs, whole variation was one of the wonders of the
age. Yet, amidft all thefc difficulties, he l<ill pro-
ceeded, furmountcd every oblhicle, and (lands upon
record as one of the moll able mariners that ever
plowed the ocean.

Wc are forry to fay that here his praifc mud end.
As impartiality guides our pen, we cannot give the
tribute of applaule to adfions which arc rather de-
ferving of cenlure. The perlbn in qucllion, what-
ever fome may have faid or wrote of him, in the courfe
of the voyage, moll celebrated by his panegyrills,
afled in a manner which, however it might be the

fafliion of the times, fort.".inlv deferred to ne repro*
bated as cruel and unjulK ^Vithout a conimiilioiiv
without a war declared^ he fiized on the treafures of
the king of S])ain ; .^nd what was infinitely more rc-
pro.tchable, .ifter furprifing men aflcep or unprepa-
red, he pillaged private prnpcrtyv ami bic.une ihfi
tcrroi of numbers of harnilels peo|ile who entertalnej
no ideas of the length to «hich his avarice uouM
carry him, or the confequcnces which they were to
■apprehend from his miftrefs's Pefentment.

It would be ahfurd to deny this adventurer on«
jot of his merit as a naval commander — but this me-
rit ap|)oarcd only when he ftood alone — His attach-
ment to felf-intcreft, joined to his impatience of
controll, generally rindered ahortivc all fchcmes he
was embarked in, v\ hen he had not the folc command }
of which there was a (Iviking inllance in the mifcar-
riage at Li(bon, wherein he was Ibjullly complained
of by Sir John Norris.

On the whole, however, catching the fpirit and
manners of thofe days, and being favoured by his fo-
vereign. Sir Francis Drnkc maintained his reputa-
tion, and has been confidered as a pattern to fuc«
ceeding ages.

THE VOYAGES OF CAPTAIN THOMAS CAVENDISH,

The Second Englifli Circumnavigator.

CivcnJidi ir-
rivcs at Port
Ocfirc.

1586

E arc not fo mueb at a lofs to give an ac
count of Captain Cavendifli [or Candilh as

Account of
Captain Ca-
iciulifli's fa-
mily.

he is called by fome] as yve have been to trace the
family of other illuilrious navigators mentioned in
(his work.— —This gentleman was of an antient fa-
mily, feated in Suffolk, and could trace his defcent
to the time of William the Conqueror. — His father
left him in his minority, heir to three manors j but
of this circitmftance he made little .advantage, being
addicted to the extravagancies of the times, he prc-
fently ran outhiscftate, and finding himf^df reduced
to uncxpedcd ncceflitics, determined to have recourii;
to the chance of the fe.as in order to mend his ftiat-
tercd fortune. This was the sera of adventure, and
he took the advantage of it accordingly.

Mr. Cavcndi(h was firft concerned in a voyage

Ilib i-nnncxinn that Sir Walter Raleigh projected to the New

with Sir Wal-yyofij . f,(,m which however the former reaped but

firKalcii;]. |j,t]j advantage, the experience excepted of what

might be done in thole p;uts to annoy the Spaniards,

with whom the Engliih were nov/ at war. Having

his mind bent upon embarking on an expedition of his

own, and being encoura?:ed by the late example of

Sir Francis Drake, Mr. Cavcn.lifti, raifine a fum of

money upon his eiiate, built two (hips and a bark at

f^f'"''"*^ Harwich, which he propofed to employ on an expe-

•ccouiit. dition to the bpani(h letllements m America.

Having got all things in readinefs with as much fc-
crecv .as the nature of fuch a bufiiieft would admit, he
embarked at Plymouth on Thurfday the 21ft of July
in the year 1506, having with him, the Dcfirc, a
(hip of 120 tons, the Content of 6j, and a bark called
the Hugh Ciallantof 40 tons, taking on board various
artirles for tradc< purcliafing for the picfent only a
fmall quantity of provifions, and privately taking in
arms and amnnioition, the better to cover his ihfign,
nor did any man on board know whither he wat going,
till after the embarkation*.

July the 26th, C.n)taiii Cavei-uli(h found liimfelf
45 le.igues from Cape Finirteric, where their little
flat fell in with five fail of Bilcayners, wiili whom
they engaged three hours, till night jiartcd the com-

£nil;atk^ at
y.uHuutli.

* At lirll he raifcd litit I. .tit Li& complimcni nf men, liking,
llic Tell «ii Lcaiil ai l'l)njuu'.li. 'I lie fciiil uik Luiii at ilai>

batants. They made the Canaries, on the firft day tm a •

,- , ,, ' , , , ' if r> ' Tilt °«t 'r-

ot Auguir, on the 15th were 50 leagues on Cape, j,,.,,, >,,,.;_

Vcrd, and on the 26th came into harbour at Sierra Lcona.

Leona, having ran by account 930 leagues in 36

days.

Hearing by a Negro that came on board them, that
there was a Portugucfe (hip within their harbour, the
admiral fent the Hugh Gallant, which however coulJ
not get above 4 leagues up for want of a pilot, find-
ing tne navigation to be very dangerous.

I'his de(ign thus laid afide, upon the day fol-
lowing being Sunday, feveral of the crew were fent
on fliore, who mixed among the Negros, and joined
in their (ports, with a view to gain intelligence, and
as they were returning defcricd a Portuguei'e that had
hidden himfelf among the bufhes, whom they took
and brought on board. Uy him they learned that the
(hip lay at the town, the palTage to which by water
he affirmed to be very dangerous. But the next day
the captain landing with 70 men, they marched uj>
thither, and burncil two or three houles, taking what
little they could find, while tlie inhabitants fled from
them i but on the retreat of tiie Engli(h kept them in
view, and difchargcil poiloned arrows at them from
their woods and hiding places, by which three or tour
of the men were hurt, but at that time nonedied of their
wotinds. — A number of the crew afterwards landed at
the watering place, and remained uninterrupted while
they were wa(hiiii' their linen, but the next dayasci- n
I. ley were cxpecteil by the enemy, an air.bu(h ot Ne- jn,|, ,1,,. ,1,;,
gros was laid for them, which was luckily dil'co\ crcJ liitanti.
by the carpenter of the captain's (hip — ^ it they
could not be fo quick in returning to their (hips but
that feveral of them were again wounded with ar-
rows, one of whom being fliot in the thigh, breaking
the weapon, and leaving ihe head of it beliind, which
he would not difcovertu the furgeon for fear of its being
cut out ; as the (liult was envenomed, he fwedcd, and
died the next morning,. — Notwithftanding this at-
l.ick, many of the Englifli went on (hole again on
tlij third day, and brought olf fruits and nlfo\aiij;ht
plenty of fidi, wllliout meeting with any mifadven-

ture.

A S^>aniariT
ma<tc jiriloncr.

Afcoiint of a
ttpjnilh town
iarcmlud to
ii'iniiiianil tlic
Ihcig'its.

wicli, anU l.c lit.t tie tii\c miti^^i.,wM ui tlie u!

pr'l"

111
til
til
on
Iw

t.)
Iiii
wi

, »

Captain CAV«KBi§rt.

CnvcnJiHi «r-
rivcs ac Pure
Dcfiir.

A S(>annrit
mivtc priloocr,

Account of a
bpinilh town
iafcntlcj to
ii4)ii)iiianil the
ilititl.ts.

tuK. On thit 6th they left Sierra L«ona> ftear-
cd fur the Capj VcrJ Iflcs, aiiJ anchoring about two
mtks oft' one of thejn about live the faiiic cvcningt
iandoil there. Upon this iflaml ihcy found there
wa« a town whither the negros fomotimes came,
but found no provifion (here. 'Fhe reft of the illand :
appeared like (tns continued wood, iind the fpot on<
which the koufco ftoud was furroundcd with plantain
trees. Leaving this place on the toth, they failed
towards Brafil, and drtipped their anchor between St.
ScbalH:in and the m.iiii land on the firtt of November j
there they remained .about three weeks employing
thrmfelves in building their pinnice ; during this in-
terval a canoe bound from Kio Janijiro to St. Vin-
cent caiiie in their Way. There were mi board fix
ilavcs and one Portuguefe, who knowing Chriftopher
Hare, malkr of the admiral's Ihip, having foeii hinn
in the Minion .it St. Vincent, they let hiin raocced
thither in hopes to have bcoii vlfucd by an Eogfiflnnan
wbo refided there, and to have ha<i fome provifions
lent them. But the PoftuguctL- whom they charged
with a letter to him, neither returning nor fending
atiy Bicfijge to them, they fet fail froin this place on
the 33d, and made tho coaft of America on the i6th
at' December, in lat. 47 degrees 20 in. fouth bearing
about fix league* to the wettward.

Still coaftijtg along ihorc, the next day they entered
a harbour, to whic': they gave the name of Port De-
fire. Here they faw two fmall iHands, on which were
a vaft number of fcals.* They found alfo plenty of
fowls, foine of which burrowed like rabbits in the
(vround, and were not able to Ay, having on their
pinieas nothing but down, iind feeding 011 nfli, which
tkej caught iii the (*a.

Mi the harbour was eoftvenient for making nccef-
larjr repairs in their vcllelfi, the admiral refolved to
ismain there ibin* time fot that purpofc. While
tbey were thu< rcfting in fccnrity, a man and a boy
that went oit flkore were attacked and gricvoudy
««unded by a difcharge of Indian arrows, which were
made of canes headed with flint-ftones ; but the af-
iailaJits, though amou4iting to about fixty in number,
fled when the admiral came up with about 10 mcn.f

Leaving Port Defire On the 18th of December, they
touclicd at an ifland tfcrec kagttes oft", wiwre they
laltcd the penguins which they had taken, and after
falling in with an unknown rock, ftood for the
(beights of Maghellan, anchoring onderaeajX', which
Cavandiflt lays down in ji" 45" fouth, tills great
tem|ieft was o»tr, which renderrA it dangerous for
them to enter thofe ftreight;). In the paffage through,
they took a Spaniard nann!d Hernando, after which
• they anchored off Peagain Ifland, on the 8th day.
Ou the oth proceeding on their courfe SSW. they
came to King Philip's city, which had been built by
the Spamuds, which Mr. Prettie fays had four forts,
and every fort had in it one c»ft piece that was
buried in the ground, the carriages being ftanding }
Cavcndifh's men, however, digeins for them, re-
covered them all, to their no fmall latisfaftion.

" They had contrived their city very well, fays
our author, and had feaCed it in the beft place of
the ftreightt for wood and water, thev had built up
theirchurches by therafclvcsi they had laws very fevere

Vol. I. N" 4.

• Thcr«rc>t<, fayililr. Prettta, (who wrote an account of
»!io vojajje) are of a wondorful Itii^ncfs, liuue and monOrout ol
Ihjpe i ami for llit fore part of their IxmIIcs, cannot he conipateU
to any thing heticr than to a lion ; their heail, neck anti fore
part cj their IkmIi*!, are fuU »( rough liain their feet are in
liia inanntr of a fia* and in form like i»lo' t inlM't hanil 1 iMy
DicolanJ caft every inouh, (living i^eir youjig ntilk, yet

amotig themj for they had crcAed a gibbet, whcrtoh
they had done execution on fome of their company.
It fcuraed unto us, thilt their whol< tivin<' for a great
fpaec was altogether upon mafcles and limpets ; fur
there was not any thing clfe to be had, except fome
deer which came out of the mountains, down to the
frefti rivers to drink. Tlicfe Spaniards came to for"-
tify the ftt«ights, to the end that no nation ftiould
have paflage through into the SAuth Sea, faving tlieir
own only j but as it appeared, it was not God's will
fo to have it ; for during the time that they were there,
which was two years at leaft, they could never have
any thing to graw, or in any way profper j and on
tlieother'fide, the Indians often preyed upon them,
until their vi(£luals grew foHlort, (their ftore being
(pent which they had brought with them out of Spain,
and having no means to renew the f;mie) that they
died like dogs in their houfes, and in their clothes,
wherein wc found fome of them ftill, at our coming,
until thitt, in the end, the town being wonderfully
fainted with the fmell and favour of the dead people,
the reft which remained alive were driven to bury
futh things as they had there in their town, and fo
to fprfake the town, and to go along the fea fide to
feck their viftuals, to preferve them from ftarvingj
taking nothing with them, but every man his haV-
(|utbufs, and his furniture, that was able to do it,
(for fome of them werenotablctocarrythcmforwcak-
ncfii) ami fo lived, for the fpacc of a year and more,
on roots, leaves, and fometimes a fowl which they
might kill with their piece. To conclude, they fct
forwards, determined to travel towards the river of
Plate, there being only 23 perfons left alive, where-
of two of them were women, which were the remain-'
dcr of 400. In this place we watered and wooded
well and quietly. Our general named this town
Port Famine; it ftandcth in 53° by obfervation to
the fouthward."

From hence the admiral failed to Cape Frowardi
and fo continued his courfe. On the 22d he %vent
with the Ihip's Iroat a league up a river on the banks
of which in a plain country the Engliih difcovered
certain favages who fed on raw flefti, and-whom, by their
manners they judged to be canibals ; and the writer
of the voyage afllrts " that they had lately preyed
upon fome of tlie Spaniards before mentionetl. Thcfe
people endeavoured te draw the Englilh farther up
the river j but infteailof bcin* fo deluded the admir.il
gaveorders to fire upon them, in c«niiquence of which
fcveral of the favages were killed ] and the fleet de-
parting, came aftcrwanis to the river St. Jerome, and
then proceeded through the ftreights, finding harbours
at the end of every mile or two for 90 leagues, which
he computed to be the length of the whole pnfliige.

Having eflitftcd their purpofe thus far, they entered ''^'" "'f
the South Sea, oji the 24fh of February (after sS Sew.
being detained for a long time by bad weather and
contrary winds). And now tlicy began to entertain
Hopes of a more agreeable voyage, wTien on the firft
day of March, in lat. 49* 38" fouth, and 45 leagues
from land, the Hugh Gallant was fcparated from the
other fliips in a ftorm, which continued till the 4th
day, in the c»urfe of which time that vcfjfcl proving
leaky, was in danger of being loft and it was not

L till

iiniially get ilicy thtir livinR in the fua, awl line aluwcthc' >»P-
on ftih I their young are cxiriardinary ggud neit, ud licinB
Imded «• roaflni are hardly to he known TtBtn lamb or fnUUon.
•llic olJ onei are of fueli bi|;ner> and foree, that it h as ntuch
at foiii nun are ahlcto do t« kill one of ikcm witKltearftneti
and he muft he beaten down with lUikiog M lU hud «( him,
tur his body u of that bigncft that fcui men could nc«t HI!
htm, bat only on llie head 1 for being (hoi through the IhkIv
wiUi a luriiuil/ufi, or 1 muffutt, yet ht will gohit wav ioio

the fea, and never care for it at the prefcht.

t Mr. Pretticdefcribingthem, fays "Thev arc II wild asarer
was a buck or any wild bca(», for we followed them, and tlwT tatt
from us, (II 1/ WE tad Men the viilJtft l/iingi in i/tf wuli. We

Ito^ the nieafure of their feet, ami it was 1 S inches long, tlttir
'HS?? '*,*'«'' ""V "f 't"* dis, to Iriag him or them to the
clMti by the fca-lule, and upon the top df fheil, ther bury them*
and in tUoir eravej arc buried, with ilitia their botes and at-
i'",!*', •".'' ,»>' '•''i'' J««''» *1'''1> they hail in their life time,
|which are fine fliclU that thcv fin.! by the fca-fide, which ilicv
cut and fquaie sfier an attificial manner j and all are laid under
tlieir headi. The prate is made with large ftones of i;rei<
^length and lujnrls, being (et all along full of the dead nian't
ftarn ubUh he uleJ whea he was liring : and thev colour both
ithju dart! and 1 licit gtivci. tl a red colour, whjcli they ult ia
[colouring (h*(i,lcl\c>. , . ' '

vS.

THE VOYAGES OF

'587

till ihe ijtiv of March that running i;i between St.
Mary and the main, fhc met with her confurts, who
had rid out the ftorra at the ifland of Mocha, in 38"
fouth lat. where the Indians engaged fome of the
crew that landed for refrelhmcnt', taking them for
Spnniiirds, whom tlicy accounted their mortal ene-
mies.

Thefe Indians arc dcfcribed as fierce and warlike,
coming from a place called Aranco, which they had
defended from the Spanifli power, though the place
being reported to be full of gold was fufficicnt to
bring them perpetually into jeopardy from a cruel ajid
rapacious enemy.
Tl • t It ^"'"'"B "> '"•-■ ^^"^'^ ''"''-■ "f ^'- Mary's ifland the
St.AIirY'i.' "dniiral went on (hore on the i6tli at the head of be-
tween 70 and 80 men, who were met by the Indians
Acciiuntofthe heaJcd by two of their chiefs. The Natives here
Imiuns ihcrc. were Chriftians and had been brought into the greateft
flavery by the Spaniards who had however converted
them to the Chriltian faith. I'hey conducted the
Engliih to a place where their mailers had crcfie a
church, about which flood fome ftorchoufes full of
ready threflied wheat and barlev, as good as any in
Europe. Potatoes were likewife maile up ready in
ordir in the fame manner. All thefe things were
kept untouched till the Spiiniaids fhould come for
their tribute, who kept thefe people in fuch ftridl
fubjtition, that though they had fwine and poultry
in plenty, yet they durft not eat a pig or a hen
themfelves. The Lnglifli, taking advant.ige of thefe
peoples ilka, that they were fuUjecls of the king of
Spain, got thcmfelves plentifully fupplied with pro-
vifioiis here ; alter which they invited the two chiefs
iind fcailed them on board the admiral's velTel, when
they began to difcover their miftake, but fecmed by
no means to diflike tlu; ftrangers for not being
Spaniards. On the contrary, they endeavoured, as
it was fuppofed, to make them unilerftand by figns,
that there was abundance of gold to he found in Aran-
co, being fenfible that to point out one place where
that metal was to be h.id, was the greateft mark they
could give of their friendlhip to any of the natives of
Europe.

Whether the admiral did or did not well under-
ftand them, or whether he was unwilling from other
motives to undertake an expedition to Aranco, it ap-
pears that he paid no regard to this intelligence but
departed from this ifland on the I5t!i day of the month,
and on the 30th came to the bay of Qiiintero which
he computecl to lie in 33" 50' fouth.
f , . Soon after the ftiips had come to an anchor in this

.,'l."' ' bay, a man who kept cattle on an hill which com-
manded the rond, who w;\s aflccp when the veflels
tame in, awaking prcfcntly .iftcrvvards, mounted a
horfe and ruling off at full fpccd, alarmed the coun-
'■' try. In conftiiuciuc of this, three horft men came

d.iun foon .ifter the Englifli h.id landed, and pre-
tended to treat with two of them by means of Her-
naiulo the Spiniard, wlio w.is fent to fpeak to them.
As they would not admit C:uriidi(li's men to come
near them, fo the admirai was obliged to take what
palled upon his report, lie laid, that the refult of
the converfation wa«, th.it tlie Englifb fliould be fur-
nilhed with provirio(is ; but being lent Ap\n to bring
this treaty to a eonclufion, ;ind 1< fr alone with fiis
■|!i! ^fn-iiar.l coiintrynun, he got en horli.b.u-k bihind oneof them
and roile up -into the conntrv : on thi', the admiral
finding that he had been deceived in this man, who
had promilltl him very fair, ordered the crews to take
in water, and rcfclveil to fend in fearch of the Spa-
nirt) town, with a view to<!cftroy it.

" The next day (fays my autlior) Captain Havers
accordingly went up into the country, on the 31ft of
March, 'with 50 or 60 men, with their fhot and fur-
jiiture with them, and they travelled feven or eight
miles into the land : and as they were marching
alonti, they cfpicd a number of herds of cattle, of
kine and bullock^, which were wonderfully wild:
they'faw alio great plriitv of horfes, mares, and colts,
which were vcr" wild arid unhandlcd : there was al-
5 ' ■ 1^

clty^'C-,

An cxpnlifion
I'p thticoun*

fo ercat ftorc of hjres and conies, and of partridge*, •
ana mber wild fowls. The country was very fruit-
ful, with fair frelh rivers all along, full of wild
fowls of all forts. They travelh-d (u fur, that they
could go no farther for the monKrous high moimiains ;
they refttd ihemlelves at a very fair freih river, run-
ning in, and along fair low meadows, at the foot of
the mountains, where every man drank of the river
and refreihed himfelf : having fo^one they returned 10
their ftiips the likeliett way they thought their [the
Spaniards] town would be.

" So they travelled nil the day long, not feeing
any man, but they met with many wild does ; yrt
there were 200 horfemen abroad that fame il;iy, by
means of the Spaniard whom they had taken from
them the day before, who had tuld them that their
force was but fmall, and that they were wonderfully
weak i and though they did efpy them that day, yet
durft they not ^ive the onfct upon them, for they
ma. .bed along in array, and obferved good orderj
whereby they leemed a greater number than they were,
until they came unto their (hips that night again.

" The next day being the firft of April, 1387,
their men went on ftiore to fill water at a pit which
was a quarter of a mile from the waterfide : and,
being hard at their bufinefs, were in no readinefs,
mean while, there came pouring down from the hills
almoft two hundred horlemen, and before our peo-
ple could return to the rocks from the watering place, .
twelve of them were cut off, part killed, and part
taken prifoners ; the reft 'were refcued by the foldi-
ers who came from the rocks to meet with them ; for
though only fifteen of them had any weapons on (hore
yet they made the enemy retire in the end, with the
lofs of twcnty-fotir of tneir men, after they had Ikir-
miftied with them for an hour." The Englifli afttr-
wards continuing at anchor, fupplied themfelves with
wood and water, and then departed out of the bay
on the 5th of March, and alio took a number of
penguins on a little ifland at about a league diftant.
HavinK ftocked themfelves with thefe birds they failed
to a place called Mono Moreno, in 23" 30' fouth lat.
where they found a convenient harbour.

At this place the admiral went on ftiore with 30
men, and the Indians, who were a peaceable fet of
people, came down with provifions to meet them.
Thefe people lived in a moft fimple manner, their
lioufes confiftine only of a few Iticks laid acrofs,
ftandiug upon others that were forked, and ftuck in
the ground, with 'boughs laid over them by way of
covering. Their food was chiefly raw fifti, which
they often kept till it ftunk. At the death of any
one, they were accuftomed to ^^ury his bow and ar-
rows with him. Their boats, like fome we have be-
fore defcribed, were made of (i:al (kins blown up with
wind, which fervod them for the purpofc of fifliing.

A fmall bark coming out of Arica Road, was taken They take a
by the pinnace on the 23d. They alfo laid aboard a ""P ?' '""
ftiip of 100 tons, but found in her neither men nor '
goods. In the mean time the fort fired upon them,
and the whole power of the place being aflcmbled,
the ContePi ftaying 14. leagues behind, to feiae on
fome wine, Cavendifli did not think proper to attack
the town.

A flag of truce was afterwards fent, to know of
the Spaniards whether they would redeem their great
ftlip 1 but they refufed to enter into any treaty of
ranfom or exchange, according to pofitive orders
which they had received for that purpofc from the
viceroy at Lima.

A fail coming from the fouthward, the admiral fent
his pinnace and boats to take her, but fignals being
made from the town, this bark on board of which were
fome friars, was run on (hore, and moft of her cargo'
taken out before the Engtilh could come up with her.
At length they took her and funk her and fet the great
ftlip on fire, and not being able farther to annoy the
Spaniards, they departed from the harbour.

In their way they took another fmall bark, on
board which was one George, a Greek pilot, well

ai'qii.iinl(d

loni burthen.

*■

CAPTAIN CAVENDISH.

acquainted with the coafts of Chili. They found alfo

' three Spaniards and a Fleming, all of whom had been

fworn to throw overboard fonic letters of advice

which they were carrying to Lima, in cafe of mcet-

ing with Cavendifli.
formetl ; but at laft

torn buiilico.

Phis they accordingly pcr-
by the force of torture were
obliged toconfefstheirerrand *.

'Vbc fleet came next to a bay near which there were
three little towns. Here fome of the crew landed,
and plundered certain houfes, in which they found
bread, wine, poultry and figs ( but the fea ran too
high for them to land at the bcft of thefc towns, fo
thoy failed from thence, having left the Content,
which was the vice-admiral, at the ifland of Seals ;
and on the lOth of May the Hugh Gallant loft fight
of the admiral's ftiip, which former vcfll-l the next
day put into a place where they found a river, rnd go-
ing on (bore to take <n water, luckily for them, as
they were in want of provifions, they found near 500
bags of meal, of which they took what they thought
proper for an immediate (upply, and after experi-
encing fome trouble before they could regain their
boat, havirg at length happily got o/i board, they
left this place on the I4tli in tlic morning, and after-
wards the Hugh Gallant, with only 16 men, took a
large veflel that came from Guianil, of 300 tons bur-
den, and manned with 24 mariners. The Englifli
took on board a Negro called Emanuel, and a pi-
lot of the name of Gonfalvo deRibas. Timber and
proviflons were the fliip's lading, which tlicy left
leaky, after having taken away the forefail, bcfidcs
what elfe they wanted, and funic her boat. The fleet
,^, , . joined again on the i7th of May, when it appeared
l^,f^,JJlj*,j.tha,t the inip from whicn they had been feparated, had
liel. taken two prizes, one laden with meal and marmalade,

and the other with thefe articles, and a thoufand hens,
" befides one of thefe Ihins (fays the voyager) was
worth 20,00ol. had it been in England, or in any other
port of Chriftendom, where we could have fold it.
We filled all our (hips with as much as we could of thefe
goods, burning thereft, and thefliips[//;ri> (hips] alfo,
and fet the men and women that were not killed afhore
ilniT* at After this the fleet came to Paita, where they an-

run. chored on the 20th day of the month. — There the ad-

miral landing at the head of about 70 men, had fome
(kirmi(hes with the townfmcn, '« At laft, (fays my
author) the Engli(h drove them all to the top of a hill
over the town, except a few flaves, and fome others
of the meaner fort, who were commanded by the go-
vernor to ftay below at a place which was building for
a fort, having with them a bloody enfign, and being
¥i\ number about loo men. Now, as we were rowing
between the (hips and the (hore, our gunner (hot off'
a Great piece out of one of the barks, and the (hot
fell among them, and made them to fly from the un-
fini(hed fort as faft as they could run ; but having got
upon the hill, they, in their turn, (hot among us
with their fmall (hot. After we were landed, and
had taken the town, we ran upon them, and chaccd
them fo fiercely for the fpace of an hour, that we
drove them in the end away by force ; and being got
up the hill, we found where tliey had hid what they
brought out of the touAi. We alio found the quan-
tity of 251b. weight of filvcr, in pieces of eight, and
abundance of houfehold goods, and ftorchoulcs full
of all kinds of wares. But our general would not
fuflFer the men to carry too much cloth or apparel
away, becaufe they (hould not clog themfelves with
burdens ) for he knew not whether our enemies were
provided with firt: arms, act ording to the number of
their men, for they were five men to one of us, and
we had an' Engli/n mile and a half to our (hips.
Being come down in fafety to the town, which was
very well built, and kept very clean in every ftreet,
witn a town houfe or guild-hall in the midft of it,
and had to the number of two or three hundred houfes

■* Though ihcytlircitcnol tlic Fleming, who was an old mini
with death, and even put a rope round liis neck, and lie(;an 10
l^uili himv^ii }«i he continued tiim, dreading dcaih itrdf k(i

at Icaft in it, we fct it on fire, and burnt it to the Tiicy kurn t! e
ground, and goods to the value of about five or fix 'own-
thoufand pounds. — There was alfo a bark riding ;it
anchor in the road, which we burnt and departed,
directing our courfe to the ifland of Puna. Un the
25lh we arrived at that ifland, where is a very good
harbour. There we found a great (hip of 250 tons'^'^ir »rri»al
riding at anchor, with all her furniture which was" *"""*•
rc-idy to be hauled on ground, for there is a fpccial
place for that purpofe. We funk it, and went uiv
(hnre, where the lord of the ifland dwelt, which was
by the water-fide, exceedingly well contrived with
many fingular good rooms and chambers in it, and
out of every chamber was framed a gallery, with a
(tatcly profpcfl towards the fea on one fide, and into
the illaiid on the other ; with a magnificent hall be-
low, and a very great ftorehoufc at the end of the
hall, which waj filled with pitch and baft to make
cables with -, for the moft part of the cables of the
South fea were made upon that ifland. This great
Cacitjue obliged all the Indians to work and trudge
for him ; he is an Indian born, but is married to a
beautiful woman who is a Spaniard, by reafon of his
plcafant habitation, and his great wealth. And this
Spanifh woman his wife, is honoured as queen of the
whole ifl;ind, and never walkcth upon the ground on
foot, but accounted! it too bafe a thing for her : But
when her pleafure is to take the air, or go abroa<l,
(he is always carried uponalcdan, [a fort of palan-
quin] upon four mens (houlders, with a veil or cano-
py over her, to (hade her from the fun and the wind,
having her gentlewoman ftiil attending about her,
with a great troop of the bcft men in the ifland with
her.

*' Both (he and the lord of the iflanJ (with ail the
Indians in the town, were nearly fled out of the ifland
before we could get to an anchor, by reafon we were
becalmed before we could get in, [they] were gontf
over the main land, carrying with them 100,000
crowns, which we knew by a captain of the ifland^
an Indian, whom we had taken at fea, as we were
coming into the road, being in a balfa or canoe, for
a ipy to fee what we were. — On the 25th (adds he^
our general himfclf, with certain (hot and fome tar-
getecrs, went over to the main unto the place where
this Indian captain told us the Cacique, who was lord
of all the ifland, was gone, and had carried all his
treafure with him : But at our coming to the place
where we went to land, we found newly arrived three
or four great balfas, laden with plantains, bags o?
meal, and many other kinds of vi£tuals. Our gene-
ral marvelled what they were, and what they meant,
afliing the Indian guide, and commanding him to fpeak
the truth upon his life. Being then bound fall, he
anfwercd, being much aba(hed[furprifedj as well as
our company were, that he neither knew from whence
they (hould come, nor who they (hould be ; for never
a man was in cither of the balfas : Yet he told our
general before, that it was an eafy matter, to take the
laid Cacique and all his treafure, and that there were
but three or four hotifes (landing in a defart place,
and no rcfiftance : — and that if he found it not fo, he
might hang him.— —Again, being demanded upon
his life, to fpeak what he thought thofe ball'as (liould
be } He anfwered that he could not fay what they
were, nor from whence they (hould come, except it
was to carry fifty foldiers, who he did hear were to go to
a place called Guiaquil, which was about fix league^
from the ifland, where two or three of the king's
(hips were on the ftocks in building, and where there
were continually an hundred foldiers in garrifon,' who
had heard of us, and had fent for fixty more for fear'
of our burning the (hips and the town.

" Our general, not any whit difcouraged either at
the fight of the balfas unlooked for, or at the hearing
of the fixty foldiers, not until then fpoken of, bravely

ani"

than peijuty.
UU ciicmici.

Thus ie this man hanourtti bj tiie tccouat q{

tHE VOYAGES OF

1587 mimatine tiis company to the exploit, went prermtly
, II 1/ forward, {it] being in the night, in a moll defart
path through the woods,, until he came to the place,
where, as it fecmed, they had kept watch either at the
watcr-fide, or at the houfe, or at both, and were
nervly gone out of the houfes, having fo (hort warn-
ing that they left their meat both boiling and rOaftine
at the fire, and were fled with their treafurc, or elfc
[ha<l] buried it where it could not be found. Our
company took hens, and fuch things as they thought
good, and came away."

Cavendifli's people afterwards went in the (hip's
ioat to an ifland adjoining, whither the hangings and
furniture of theChrillian Cacique's houfe were con-
veyed. There they burned a church, and took away
the bells, and were afterwards attacked (on the n\ of
June) by an hundred Spanifli foldiers, withwiiom
they (kirmiflied, according to their own account, kill-
ing 46 of the Spaniards, with the lofs of only iz
Kngliflimen. In the end, the latter fet fire to the
town, deftroyed a number of the gardens and or-
chards, burned four ihips, and departed.

Thry tht.'> failed towards Anguatuico, and took a
new fhip of 1 20 tons in their wav, on board of which
they found and made prifoner Michael Sancius, a
native of Marfeilles, one of the bcft coaftcrs in tliofc
parts. At Anguatuico they landed, and burned the
(irwn and cuftom-houfr, with a great deal of public
and private property.

Arriving on the 24.th at the haven called de Nativi-
dad, Michael Sancius informed the Englilh there
would be a pinnace, but before they came thither flie
MfM gone out on the pearl fifliery. However, Ca-
vendifli's people took there a Mulatto, who woa lent
with advice of their arrival, whole horfe they killed.
They left him, but took his letters, fet fire to two
new ihips, each of 100 tons burthen, which were
building there, and lb returned to their (hipping.

The fleet afterwards touched at St. Jago, and came
to a little bay called Malacca, a league to the wed-
warcl of Port Natividad, and on the gth day of the
month, having come into the bay of Cli.icalla, Cap-
tain Havers going up the country with forty people,
took three men with their wives and fiunilics; t'.A-
women the Ent^lifh obliged to fetch them plantains,
pine-apples, lemons, andor.itiges, and other fruits of
•he country, and afterwards fcnt away their huihands,
keeping only one Diego a Purtugucfe, and Scmbnao,
a Spiinilh caqienter.

Thus they proceeded to the road of Mafcatlan,
and fioin thence to an ifland about three miles from
that road, where they trimmed and refitted their
Ihips, and digging in a fandy foil, found water at the
depth of three feet. Afterwards they failed for Cape
St. Lucar, on the weft fide of California, which they
fell in with on the 14th, where they found a bay,
called by the Spaniards, Aguada Secara. They wa-
tered in a river which they found there, and kept oiF
and on the cape with wclterly winds.

" The 4th of No\'ember, (fays my author] beating
op and down upon the he.-id-land of California in
23 degrees 40 minutes to the northward, between
feven and eight o'clock in the morning, one of the
company "f our admiral, who was the trumpeter of
the (nip, going up unto the top, cfpied a (kil bcanng
in from the fea with the cape ; whereupon he cried.
With no fmall joy to himfelf and all the company,
A (ail, a fail ! With which chearful words, the maf-
tcr of the (hip, and divers others of the company,
went alio up to the main-top, who perceiving his
fpeech to be very true, gave information unto our ce-
oeraj of this happy news, who was no lefs glad than
tlie cau(c required i whereupon he gave m charge

Srefently unto the whok company, to put all things
t readinefs ; which being performed, he gave tbem
«hace for three or four hours, (landing with our bcft
advantage, and working fur the wind i in the after'

* It arpcirs, however, ilut in (httiog the treifurc liken
I bond ins TcfTcly. fo much dlftoBicBl uaCs titat ilicte w>i

noon we got up to thctn, giving them a broad-flJe
with our great ordnance, and a vollcv of (hiallfhot,
and prcfently laid the (hip aboard, whereof the king The Rnglilli
of Spain was owner, which was admiral of the South cvnity,i: atnl
Sea, called St. Anna, and thouc'ut to be 700 tons i" ',•'"=, ''I"''' ,'!''„"
burthen. Now, as we were reidy on the (hip's fide ii"n^ „? spiiiu
to enter her, there not being above fifty or fixty men
at moft in our (hip, we perceived that the captain uf
the Santa Anna had made fights fore and aft, and laid
their fails clofe on their poop, their mid-(hip, with
their forecaftle, and not one man to be fcen, they
(landing fo dole under their fights with lances, jave-
lins, rapiers, targets, and an innumerable quantity of
large ftones,whichthey threw overboard upon otir head) ,
and into our (hips fo fail, and being lb many of ih in,
that they put us olF the (hip again, with the |ufs of two
of our men who were flain, and four or five wounded.
But for all this, we now trimmed our fails, and fitted
every man his furniture and gave thcin a frc(h en-
counter with our great ordnance, and alfo with our
fmall (hot, raking them through and through, to the
killing and wounding of many of their men. I'heir
captain. Hill like a valiant man, with his company
llood very lloutly unto his clo(c fights, not yielding
as yet. Our general, encouraging his men afrclh, willv
the whole noifc of trumpets gave them the othet
encounter with our great ordnance, and all eur fmall
(hot, to the great difcouragemcnt of our enemies,
raking them through in divers places, killing and
wounding many of tneir men. They being thus dif'l
couraged and fpoiled, and their (hip being in hazard
of finking, by reafoii of the great (hot which wer«
made, whereof fomc were un(kr water, after five or
fix hours fight, fet out a flag of truce, and parlicd for ' '- '■''■,
mercy, deliring our general to fave their lives, aii4
to take ' ir goods, and that they would prejbntly
yield. ( ur general promifed tbem mercy, and willed
them to (trike their (ails, and to hoift out their boat
and to come on board ; which news they were full
glad to hear, and prclcntlv (truck their fails, huifted
out their boat, and one of their chief merchants came
on board, unto oUi' general, and, (ailing down upoii
his knees, offered tu have kifl'cd our general's feet, >'°"
and craved mercy. Our general pardoned both him
and the reft, upon promilic of their true dealing with
him and his company, concerning fuch riches as were!
in the (hip i and fent for their captain and pilot, who,
at their coming, ufed the like duty and reverence as
the former did. Our general prtimid'd their lives,
and Kood ufage. The Cud captain and pilot prefentir
certified the general what goods they had on board,
viz. 112,000 pezocs of gold; and the reft oftha
riches that the (hip was laden with were filks, fattins,
damafks, with miuk, and divers other merchandife,
and great plenty of all maniKr of provifions, with
the choice of many conlcrves, and feveral iCrts o{
very good wines, 'rtiefe things being made known to
the general by the afnrcfaid captain and pilot, they
were commanded to ftay on board the Dcfire, and ot\
the 6th day of November followiny; we went into an V
harbour, which is called by the Spaniards Aguada
Segura, or Puerto Seguro.

And in this place Cavendi(b fet afhore 190 Spa-
niards of both fexes, where they VK^rc likely to have
good aecommodations, as there was a river of freftx
water, and there were alfo numbers of hares and rab-
bits to be gotten. Befides, the admiral furnifltcd
them with a fuSciencv of provifions and arms for de'
fisnce agaisft the Indians, giving them the fails of
their (hip to make tents, anda quantity of planks for
the purpofi; of building themfelves a boat, which in.<
dalgence proved fome inleviatioa of their misfortune.*
The captain was aTtcrwaids difeharged with a hand-
fome prefent, alter he and his Spaniards had been
entertalited with the fight of fonie fireworks, which
the admiral had caufcd to be played olF in honour ot
the anniverfury of his miftrefs's coronation, being the

7th _■

« length > mutiny, " whith ncverthelefi (fays the luthor)
vtii [itcilicd fur ilic liitie."

CAPTAIN CAVENDISH.

; king The Rnglilli
SoillUcnKiKV""',
ona irt"'^' ***"'" ,'

;y men

!' ».

Aguad»

kgo Spa-
] to have
I of frcOt
uid rab-
Ivirnifhcfl
Is for ite-
TaiU of
lanks for
Ihicb in-
itunc*
haiid-
liaJ been
L which
pnour of
|eing thc

author)

7th of November ; and left thr harbour on the 19th,
carrying with him two lads, who w.rc natives of Ja-
pan, in the language of which country they could
write and read fluently, and three hoys born in the
Manilla ifles, the cldelt 15, the next 13, and the
youngeft about nine years of age. He had alfo taken
a Spaniard, whofe name was 1 homas dc Erfola, who
undcrftood the navigation from Acapulco and the coaft
of New Spain to the Ladroncs iflands, on which ac-
count the Englifti concluded he would be ufcful to
them in tlic courfc of their voyage. Before his de-
parture he burned the king's fhip with 500 tons of
goods on board, to the great fatisfaaion of all lus

company. , .• 1 <•

'I hq wind now proving favourable they failed from
Californi.i, bending their courfc towards the Ladro-
nes, and leaving the Content behind, flic parted com-
pany from the fleet, and they proceeded without her,
with favourable gales, till the beginning of January,
and the 3d day of the month, made one of the iflands
called Guarfa, at a fmall diftancc from which a num-
ber of the natives came oft" in their canoes, which ap-
peared to be conftruiltd with a great deal of art,
having images of their idols Handing; at the prows of
them. Thefc barks were about feven or eight fa-
thoms in length, and about half a fathom wide, their
heads and fterns being made alike. They had mafts
and fails, the latter ot which were made of mats, in
a fquare or.triangular form, and they were able not
only to go on before the wind, but alfo to make good
their way againft it. The people brought fifli and
potatcKs, as alfo plantains, cocoas, and other fruits,
for which they took iron and other things in ex-
change; but when the Englifli had traflickcd as long as
they thought proper, they would not leave them, liut
kept fwarming ftill about the ftiip, till one or t>vo
of the canoes were run down. The crews, however,
favcd thcmfclvcs by fwimming ; as feemcd to be the
cafe afterwards, when the admiral ordered his men
to fire at them becaufc they would not keep oS\ thefe
nimble people efcaping by diving in the fca, into
which they would fall backward with great expedition.
The men were of an olive complexion, generally of
a larger ftaturc than the Europeans, and fomcoftnem
wore their hair long, whilft others had it tied with
a knot >n the crown, according to each man's parti-
cular fancy.

Departing from hence the Enclifli fcllin with Cabodel
Spirito Santo, a cape or iflandat the diftancc of about
310 leagues from the ifle of Guana. They found
the land aboundiiig in wood, and the inhabitants
moftly Pagans. The diftance from Manilla { the
chief of the Philippines) was computed at about 60
leagues. Manilla was at that time inhabited by be-
tween 6and 700 Spaniards, and was well planted, but
thefc Spaniards rcfided in an unwalled town that had
four block houfes of no great ftrcngth. The place
was rich in gold and filver, and had an advantageous
traffic with Acapulco, as alfo with China and other
parts.

After pafling a ftreieht between two ifland';, they
came to another named Capul, where, as they found
the bay convenient, they came to an anchor, and
were prefently vifited by a canoe, on board of which
was one of tne principal caciques of the phicc, who
took them f«r Spaniards, and brought them cocoas
and potatoe roots, in exchange for which the ifland-
crs received at the rate of a yard of cloth fur four
Vol. I. N" 4.

^ While they were it anclior here, Nicholas Rodrigo, the
Portuguefc whom the Englilh had taken ia the great St. Anna,
informed the admiral of a plot laid by a Spaniard, n^med
Thomas de Erfola, (whom we have mentioned, tijcy had taken
for a pilot) to acquaint the people of Manilla by means of the
illander^ where llw fliip now lay, of the atchicTemcnti, dctifnt,
and fituationofihe Englilh, advifrngthcin not only to llrengiiien
their town, hut to endeavoar to fend a foice to furprife their
cnemict at Capul, which he thought might be elfcAed. Tiiis
wriiinf; wai laid to be locked up in the Sjraoiard's trunk ; be
waa examined, found guilty, and fentenced to be hanecd ; pur>
luaot to which fcatencc he was executed on the lith of January

cocoas, and as much linen for a baflcet of potaloe 1587
roots, the quantity of a iiuart ; " which roots, fays ' » ^
our author, arc very go«d eating, and very fwect
ither roaft or boiled — a piece of information which
our readers at this day do not want j but it is to be
obfcrved that potatoes were firlt brought hither from
America, and at the period when Captain Cavcndifh
made hi* voyage were but little known to the Eng-
lifli. Here they were alio fupplieU with hogs and
poultry at the lame rate as the Spaniards were accuf-
tomed to purchafe them, and remained nine days be-
fore the ifland.*

Thenativcswercofanolivc complexion, tliecloatli-
ing (if the men confifted only of a girdle about their
waifts, woven with plantain leaves, and a fort ofaproii
which coming from their backs covers their nakcd-
nefs, being falleiied to their girdles before. I

The chiefs of this ifland as well as of a valt number Ti^iii^fj ,/
of others whom Cavciidifh had made pay him tribute the illc. lum-
in hogs, potatoes, and poultry, weie lummoned onmonul Ny the
the 23d day of January, when h.iving fpread his »'''"''*'■
enfign, with the found of drum and trumpet he de-
clared himfelf and his people to be Eni^lilhmen and
enemies to the Spaniards, and paid them tor all the
articles which they had thus brought in, and thefe
chiefs highly fatislied, promifed in return all their
fervices, in order to alfift them whenever they fliould
come again, to annoy and vanquilh their enemies.
This piomile was received by the admiral with tokens
of t'riendfliip, while the canoes rowed round his fhip
by way of diverfion, and a piece was Ibot off at part -
ing, which was matter of equal pleafurc and furprili;
to thefc friendly people.

Departing from tlijs place, the Englifli failed along
the coaft of Manilla, and in their way chafed a fri-
gate, and their boat took a canoe, in which were fix.
Indians, who efcaped by diving, and a Spaniard who
was made prifoner. Soon after this, about 60 Spanifli
foldiers appeared on the neighbouring beach, who
from the fliorc exchanged a few fliot with them, but
which did no execution. A veflcl was likcwife man-
ned to take the boat, but the latter, by the help of
her oars, got oflf, and regained the fliip, bringing
the Spaniard on board with them, but found him fo
fimple a fellow, that they could get little or no intel-
ligence from him.

In the mean time obferving that the Sp-iniards h.td The Englilh
judicioufly divided, and properly fla'. oned their fol- dilappcinted
diers, the whole place being tho aghly alarmed, •" M*"'"*-
after lying all that night at anci- . the admiral gave
orders to fet fail, and pafled b iween the two iflands
of Panama, and another called the Ifland of Negro'^,
which was very large and inhabited by blacks ; they
at length gained an opening in a S. S. W. dircitlion.
The boat which had gone on before, then coming
on board, and thus they ended their dclign upon
Manilla.):

Cavendifli now proceeded on towards Tava, and
having pafled the ftreights between Java Minor and
Java Major, anchored to the fouth-wcft of the latter,
on the til day of March. Here taking fome of the
fliips crew into the boat with a negro who could
fpeak the Moorifli language, he followed fome of the
inhabitants that were hftiing in a bay. They ran on . - . . .
fliore at firft for fear of the Englifli, but being called
to by the negro, anfwered from the beach. Thefe
fiflicrmen he informed that the Englifli were in want
of frefli water and vidluals, and were alfo difpofed to
M trade

t Tliey had a flrange cuftom of caufing every mate child to
have a jwe thruft through the upper part of hit priritici, the
head of which peg had fomething like a crowp cut on it. This '
was inferted in fuch a manner as to be put in and taken out at
pleafure.

X They fet the Spaniard on fhore, by whom the adiairal fenc '
his compliments to the Spanilh commander, defiring him ta
provide fdmfclf with a quantity of gold, as he (Cavcndilh) in- ■
tended within a few years to fee him at Manilla, adding, that
he only wanted a larger boat| ot he would hare fcea him at ,
that time. ■

THE VOYAGES OF

IS88

uide with their king for diamonds or other rich
jewels. They received a favourable jiifMcr froin the
Afliermcn, ;i« to the article of provlfiuns > and after
having furniflird themlclves with wood aiid water,
foine raiioc!) broucht them frcfli lifli, oranges,
and linir>, gi\ ing them to unde rftand, that if tlicy
would bring their fliip nearer, they fhould be more
plentifully hirnifhed. Accordingly the admiral weigh-
ed anchor, and lluod in ; but in his wny was met by
a canoe, fcnt from the king, for which rcafon he Ihort-
rncd fail, till the canoe came on board, and afterwards
came to anchor again in the hiy. I'his royal boat
brought the kings fccretary and his interpreter.* The
former was all naked except about his wai(l,abruad arrow
was wrought upoa his brcaft i he went barefi»t, but
on his heM wore a turban of died filk. He brought
tlw admiral, a prefcnt confiding of hens eggs, freih
fifls, and a hog, alfo foine fugar canes, ajid a dear
wine, as ftrong at aqua vitx. Cavcndifh fcaftcd and
entertained him with muflc, and ^avc him to under
ftand that he and his men were ot England, and had
been trading to China, adding, that they were on
their way to the Moluccas, aiid that their bufinefs at
Java, was only to make certain necellary enquiries.
In return, he learned that the Portuguefc had failitors
on the ifland who (tayed there to traffic for fugar,
fpices, and many other commodities

The king fup. " On the 5th at break of day, the wind not permit-
P'if*''.", ^"8- ting before, nine of the king of Java's canoes ap-
liW ''"*"?">»«••«'* l»^«n with provifions, confifting of two

oxen, ten hogs, a vaft quantity of hens, ducks, and
geefei befidcseggs, fu^r, cocoas, bitter limes, fwect
oranges, with wme, lalt, and other articles. With
thefe canoes came fomc of the king's officers. There
were likewilc two Portuguefe, drelTed in loofe jer-
kins and liofe, having on line lawn fliirts, but their
legs entirely bare. Thcfe people being ill affe^cd
towards the Spaniards, who held their kingdom in
poflcifion, enquired much concerning Don Antonio,
whom, as we have al ready obfervcd,the £ ngl ifli h.id a de-
fisn of placing on the throne of Portugal, which delign
inifcarried partly Iw the ill condutt of Sir Francis
Drake. Cfavendifh informing them that his queen
was a firm friend to the king of Portugal, and enu-
merating his own exploits undertaken under her
aufpiccs againft the Spaniards, they were highly
pleafed with thcfe tidings, and freely communi-
cated to the admiral all that they knew relative to
the policy, manners, and cuftoms of the kingdom
of Java, the fubftance of which account was to the
following purport :

That the country was fertile, abounding in frui:.;
at well as thenecelTaries of life, and that itscommodi-
ties were well calculated for foreign commerce. That
the king of that part of the ifland was called the Raja
Balamboan, and was a perfon highly feared and le-
fpeAed by his fubje6)s. Without his licence the com-
mon people duril not bargain or deal for any thingwith
the people of another nation, on pain ofdeatli. T'hey
faid that the Raja himfelf was a man advanced in
years, but entertained no lefs than 100 wives — his
fon and heir having 50. At the king's death it was
cuftomary to burn his body and prefcrve the afhes :
five days after this ceremony, the wives were fum-
moned to a particuly place, where the principal one
throwing a ball, wherever it fell they ufed to go all
together, each having a dagger readjr, then turning
to the eaft, they finilned the folemnity by ftabbine
thcmfelves,and, falling flat on tlieir faces, thus reocived
their death. As to the people ; the men were obfcrved
to be of a fuhtle genius, and moft dcfperate in fight,
ready to go on any entcrpf ife, cominandcd by their
king, who generalljr put them to dcat^ if tiiey return-
pi without accompliihing his commands, If wounded

■ Our author fayt, " the fecrctary to tSe king and hit intcr-
prctcr lay one night on board our (bip : the fame oivhi, bcciufc
thty lay 00 hoariT, in the evening, at the Catiag of the watch,
our gcMMt commanded t»iry man on hoard the fliip to proTiHc
lilt hsxiuebiili and liUfliMi andfo^ with fltooiing oA'ao or 50

raa.

in battle, they were ofttn l>iiowii w fu« »ii>flii llie
weapon which hurt iIumh, lel'olvoJ on cuiiqiielt ur im-
mediate death. Tlu' women were lair, ;uij nut with-
out a|iparel, but the mm went niulUy uAid, ;jid
wercot a tawny coniple.xiun.

Having entertained iheti: Portuguefc in the aioik
friendly manner, who arc faid tu liave luld him that
if Don Antonio would cuiiie aniunj' them, tlieic wa»
no doubt oi' his having ull the iNluluecas .liid the
Phillippinc iliaiidsi they were dilinilRd witJi u i'Autf
of ordnance, and the Knulilh failed on the ibth itf
march, for jhe Cape of Ciuod Hope. " The rctt of
March (lays .Mr. Prcttie) we Ipe'iit in travcifin^ that
mighty and vafi fca between the ifland Javaaiid the nuii|
of Atrica, ufallrving the heavens, tiie cruiiers or ttie
fouth pole, the other Itars, the fowl$, whieli aic marks
unto teamen of fair and foul weather, appruichiiig of
lands or iflands, the winds, the tempelts, tlic raiiis, uud
thunder, with the alterations of tides and currents."
On the 10th of May they met with a violent iioriii(
afterwards they faw land, which thcv took for the
Cape of Good Hojie, but which proved to be another
cape between furty ajid fifty leagues iliort of it, wJiieb
is called Cabo Falfu, or Cape Falfe j ajid it was not til)
the i6lh thatthey came in view of the extremity of the
African continent, after having been niue wcektiii theit
courfe from the ifland of Java. Havinz doiihled the
cape, they held on their courfe, and on uie 8th oi the CivwiHa tr-
furceeding month, they miide St. Helena, where lUt jy.J! /" "
admiral canu: to an anchor in 12 fathom water, on the
NW. fide of the ifland, on the c^th, about um. ijixho
afternoon, two or three cables length from the fhoiv.
'Fhe writer of the voyage gave the following uixiuinc
of the ftate wherein he found it in the year 158S.

" This ifland (fays he} is very high lujid, an4
lieth in the main fea, flanding, as it were, in tlie
midll of the fea, between the main laiid of Ai'rica,.
the main of Brafil, and thceail of (luinea ; it lies in
15 ' 48" to the fouthward of the equinoctial line, .inJ
is dijlant from the cape of liuena Efpcranza between
five and fix hundred leagues.

" The fame day, about two or tkree o'clock in tlio
afternoon, wc went on ihore, wlierc we found ait
exceeding fair and pleafant valley, wherein divers
handfome buildings and houfes were fct up, and oua.
particularly, which was a church, was tiled and
whitened on the outfide very fair, and mad« with a,
porch i and within the church, at the upper cod, was
jet au altar, whereon Itood a very large tabic fet Ln u
frame, having in it the picture of our Saviour Chrilt
upon the crois, and the image of our Lady praying,
with divers other hiftories, curioufly painted iu thit
fame. The fides of the church were hung round
with ftaioed cloths, having devices drawn on them.
'I here are two houfes adjoining to the church, on
each fide one, which fervc for kitchens to drcfs meat
in, with necefliiry rooms and houfes of office. I'Jic '
coverings of the faid houfes are made flat, where i«
planted a very fair vine, and thiough both the laid
houfes runneth a very ^(ood and wholefomc ftrcam of ^
frefli water. There is alio over againlt the church a
very fair caufcway, made up with liones, rcachijij^ .
unto a valley by the fea fide, in which valley is f
plantcdagarden, wherein grow pompions and melons i -
and upon the fide caufeway is a frame ercdcd, where-
on hang two bells, wherewith they rii\s to inafs i '
an-J near to it a crofs is fet up, which is fquarcJ,
framed, and made very artificially of free ((one,
whereon is carved in cyphers what time it was built,
\vhich was in the year of our Lord, 1571.

" Tills valley is the faired and largcll low plat in
all the ifland, and is exceeding fwctt and plealaiir,
and pianttJ in every place, either with fruit or wirh
herbs. There are fig-tre«s which bear fruit con- .

tinually '

fmall Dial and a facte, himfcU let ;lic watili." This wa< na
finall wonder to tliefc heathen \ttufW, who had not caminoiiljr
kta aay liip (n tutnillieil with neu a-.d uidaance. The next
morcinp wc difminM t'" fKrcary anil hit uiuiptctar viiih

great lamiaity."

CAPTAIN CAVENDISH.

tinually .inJ vftt pUntifiilly j for on nxry trc
may lee hluflbm>, gii-en Kgn, and ripe figs ;ill nt

' tree you
_ 1 at once,

and' it is fo ill the year loiij; : the rvalbri is, that the
ifland (tandethro near the lun. There is alio great (tore
of lemon trees, orange trees, pomegranate trees, pom;-
citron trees, and U.iic trees, which bear fruit as tlic fig
trees do, and are planted carefully, and very artificiullv,
with pleafant wiillcs under urid between them ; and the
fald walks arc ovei-ftiadowcd with the leaves of the
trees ; and in every void place is planted, parfley, for-
Tel, bafil, fennel, annifeed, muftanl-fecd, radifhcs,
and many very good herbs. The frcfh-water broolt
runneth through divers places in this orchard, and
may with very fmall pains be made to water any one
tree in the valley. This frc(h water ftrcam comcth
from the tops of the mountains, and falleth from the
cliff into the valley the height of a cable } and hath
many arms ifTuing out of it, that refttih the whole
ifland, and almoft every tree in it. The ifland is al-
together high mountains and fteep valleys, except it
be on the tops of fome hills, and down below in fomc
of the vallies, where great plenty of all thofe fruits
before fpoken of do grow. There is much more
growing on the tops of the mountains than below in
the vaflies ; but it is very toilfome and dangerous
travelling up unto them and down anin , by reafon
of the height and fteepnefsof the hills.

" There are alfo upon this ifland great (lore of par-
tridges, which are very tame, not making any great
haftc to Ay away, though one come very near them,
but only run away and get up into the fteep cliffs )
we killed fome of them with a fowling piece ; they
diH«r very much from our partridges which are in
England, both in bignefs and alfo in colour, for they
are almoft as big as hens, and are of an afh colour,
and live in covies, twelve, fixteen and twenty toge-
ther ; you cannot go ten or twelve fcore paces but
you (hall fee or fpring one or two covies at the leaft.

" There are likewife no lefs plenty of pheafants in
the ifland, which are alfo very big and fat, furpafEng
thofe which are in our country in bignefs and in num-
bers in a company ; they differ not very much in co-
lour from the partridges hefore fpoken of. We found,
moreover, on this ifland, plenty of Guinea cocks,
which we call turkeys, of a colour bkck and white,
with red heads i they are much tlie fame in bignefs
with ours in England ; their eggs are white, and as
big as our turkejrs egg.

** There are in this ifland thoufands of goats,
which the Spaniards call cabritos, which are very
wild. You Ihall fee one or two hundred of them to-
gether, and fometimes you may fee them go in a flock
almoft a mile long ; fome of them (whether it be the
nature of the breed of them or of the country, I
know not) are as big as an afs, with a mane like a
horfe, ana a beard hangincr down to the very ground :
they will climb up the cliffs, which are fo fteep, that
a man would think it impoffible that any living crea-
ture could go there. We took and killed many of
them for all their fwiftnefs, for there are thousands of
them upon the mountains. Here are, in like man
ncr, great ftore of fwine, which are very wild and
f.it, and of great bignefr; they keep altogether upon
the mountains, and will very feldom abide iny man
to come near them, except it be by mere chance,
when they are found afleep, or otherwife according
to tlieirkind, are taken l3nng in the mire.

" We found in the houles at our comin?, three
flnves who were negros, and one who was oom in
tlie ifland of Java, who told us that the Eaft Indian
flt>«, ^rhich were in number five fiiil, the leaft
\\ hereof was in buiden eight or nine hundred tons,
(laden with fpices 4ind calicut cloth, with ftore of
trc:iiure, aiui very rich ftores and |icarls) were gone
from the faid iflaiM, St. Helena, but twenty days be-
fore wc came thither.

• Th« vf.TvK were ih« Leiccntr, cofflmanileH bv the idmiral !
lilt I<KbiK;ii,Ci{>tala Cocke, vice idmiitl j #i('Derire, Cipt.

IS8»

This ifl.ind.was found long ago by the Portu-
ttuelc, and hath been altoyi'llier pliinttd hy them for
tneir refreftimcnl as they come, from tlie Kaft-Jrulivi. ;
and when they come, lliey haw all thing), in pkiity
for their relief, by reafon they fuft'er none to inhalut
there, that might cit up the produce of the ifland, ex-
cept fome very few ficic jwrfons of their cimipany,
whom they fulpefl will not live until they come hume ;
thefe they leave there to refrefh themlllvL's, and take*
them.iway the year fcl lowing with the otiier fleet, it'
they live fo long. They tcuch here rather in their
coming home frora the Knft Indies, than at their guiiij;
thither, becaufu they arc thoroughly furnilhcd witli
corn whin they fct out from Portugal j but arc meanly
viAualled at their coming from the Indies, where
there groweth but little corn. The wind is ruin-
monly olf the ftiorc at this ifland of St. Helena."

St. Helena now belongs to the Englilh ; and it is
to be obferved, that in fume relpcdls it dues not now
anfwer the above dcfcription ; neither is corn pro.?
duccd in the ifland, as will be noticed in the cuurfe of
the voyages to the Eaft Indies. The crew having re-
frefliea themfelvcs, and taken in wood and water at
this ifland, of which they had conceived fo good an
opinion, and which by its fituation muft generally
prove agreeable to mariners after fu long a voyage, fee
fail on tne 20th of June, ftcering dirc£iTy homewards.
They paflcd the cquinodlial line in the beginning of
July, and after lying becalmed from the 12th tillthe
15th of the fame month, failed before a conftant north
eaft wind to the latitude of 38° N. They afterwards
came in view of Flores and Corvo, and failing from
thence for England, after weathering a violent ftorm,
arrived fafc at Plymouth on the 9th of September.—

Thus Cavendifliaccompliflicd his voyage round the
world, in the courfe of which, like Drake, he did
much mifchief to the Spaniards, taking and deftroy.-
ing a number of their veflcls, and keeping the Ame-
rican coafts in a continued alarm. This was the inoft
fortunate voyage of that adventurer, who brodehc
home a conUderable treafure. Nevcrthelels wc nnd
him in 1591, engaged in another undertaking of the
fame nature, from whence he promifcd himfeff much,
but which, from a variety of concurring tircum-
ftances, he found in the event, not at all anfwerable
to hi* expe£btions.

Haying colleAed together fome of the ablcft com-c,vcn<li(l»'8
manders, and a company of the ftouteft mariners of fecoml vovags
the times, all things being prepared, they departed t" >)>« Sou'iU
from Plymouth with two large ftiips, and three barks* *"'•
on the 26th of Auguft, holaini; on their courfe to-
wards the Brafilian coaft, .ind fell in with the bay of
Salvador, on the 29th of November, after having
been becalmed 27 days near the equinodial line, a cir-
cumftance which probably contributed not a little to
the difficulties and misfortunes that afterwards at-
tended this unhappy expedition.

In a veflcl which die admiral took in his way, lis
found nothing worth his trouble ; except a friar that
had hid himlclf in a meal tub ; but the pilot of that
veflel informed the Englifli of their diituncc from
Cape Frio, and from Santos. At an ifland called
Placer.tia, they afterwards landed and plundered 2
few Portuguefc houl(:s, and before their arrival at
Santos, the crew began to Ihew fuch a diforderly dil'iKi-
fition, as gave hut an ill preface of their futuie fuccefs.

However, they determined to make an attack on
the laft mentioned town, the Portugucfc having in-
0>rmed them that it was but weakly defended. On
this account alio, the commander iudged that the long-
boat and fliallop properly m.-inned, would be of fuf-
ficicnt ftrensjth to undertake tlie bufinefs ; but his
men being all eager alike for plunder, it caufed a very
warm dil'pute u|>on this point, as only an hundred
men were ordered to make the afTault.

Cavendiih however found meaas to appeafe this dif-

turbance,

0«vi« rear aJiriral ; the Utiaty, Capt. Caffen, anil a liatk i.\]]f.\
ibe BUck Piniicc.

THE VOYAOES OK

i$9z

C.1 n>li(h

Sireiirhts c)t
Mightllaii.

turtuiicf, anJ thf dL-fign, which wan wtli I'-', vji
M luckily cxrcuCcd ; lor .1 p.irty of Etiglifli landing
while the Pmtujjuel'e were .it malj, there wu« little re-
fiftaiiCf i thcilc that had arin« being obliged to deliver
Ihcm, ind the conqiuror* keeping litem prirnncrs till

Uais buiios. ,(,^. J^.^^ pf tilt ir company came up. There were liimc,
however, in the town who retired andbe(>x)k thcinftlvcs
ti) flight, with whatever money or proinrty ihey were
able to Cccuic * i ncverlhi lelV, IwCidcn fueiirii, mc»l,
:ind othfr provi(inn<, they found (nine gold and filver
h^re, which was moft greedily liii. .ht alter in fccret
pi lies by the plunderer>. As to the prifuners, they
were all difchaiged the day alter the town waj taken,
excipt a lew (it tnc principal perfon-., f who were re-
tained as pledgi'* for the farther f'..pp|ieH of neced'arics
while the Ijiglifh reaiaiiied in polielTian. And after
n ftay of two niontlis (which leenis to have been an
imprudent walle of time) the admiral refolvrd to de-
part, fo drrtroying many of the larger mills Iictwcrn
Santos amis. \' lucent, and having burned the latter,
the Dret tailed out of the harbour on the 24th of Ja-
nirary.

Oiree'lrni, their courfe towards the Streiglits of Mag-
hcll.in, a haiJgale arofon the 7th nf Febrnaiy, when

He cnict. tlie,[,^,y ^yj.^g ^^.j,^ jfjj. |.j^,^,, \>l^^^.^ i„„| jncreafal by the

8th to- a moll horrible tcnipelf, in which the fleet was
feparattd ; but it being cencrally underllood that Port
Delirc (hould be the renJciious in cafe of I'uch an ac-
cident, (thouiih it is difputed whether the admiral
ever gave liich an oru...-) asC-ptain Davis in the De-
fire, had met with Cocke in the Roibiick .it fea, and
afterwards with tile Black i'mnate, | tlafo velFels
made that port, after having with great difficulty
weathered the ftorm abovemcntioned. And being
thui met ac.iin, having relrelhed the iiiin at this
port, they failed on the twenty -cii;hth ilay of March,
Cavendrm himfelf, according to Jane'.- account, hav-
ing ftiifted from the iidmiral's fhip, and come on board
Captain Davis, with whom he continued till they en-
tered the Streights. 'I"hev were a confiderable time
detained beatinj oft' Port l''aiTiine, and when at laft
they doubled the Cape, they were ke|)t about eight
days in that port, and forced to fubflK on mufclcs and
what fruits they could find, as the natives, whom
fhiv fometimes faw, were not able to fupply them with
anv thin;: bflter. AVhilc they were on their paflagc
through theic llui ;his they, like many other voyagers
to tliofe partscxperioMCcdas much inconvenience from
cold as from want of provifions. One Knivxt, who
afterwards pafl'ed through a It ries of ftrange aiNenturcs,
lo({ (everal of his toes by the inclemency of the wea-
ther .It Port Famine; and we find it related, that in
the midft of this bad weather, and while the pjilTagc
rem.iimd doubtful, all the fick men belonging to ihu
Leicefter, vsrrc fet on fhore in the woods, while the
admiral reni.iined onboard the Defirc; a circumftancc
which everyone mirfl own to be Diocking to hum.inity.
The difiiculties which they had met with in thisat-
tfmpt, the incapacity of the fbips to proceed, and
every other concurring circuniftancc, occafioned the
univcrfal voice of the mariners to be in favour of rc-
l;4rnin'j' fo thecoaft of Brafil, infteadof purfuingany
•11. 'tawji'iL '•"■''''•■'' ■'"•■ intended voyage to the South Sea, on whicn
tic IJuliliaii the admir.U's heart had been let ; and he was therefore
t »:;. obliged to yield to ihofe whom he deemed a muti-

nous company, and on the 1 5th of May they fet fail, in
<irdcr to repafs the ftrcights, the admiral having re-
turned to his own vcfl'cl.

A^ China was an objci^ of this voyage, it is faid

Hjr.lft'i'-. eii'

tl.ll L'll tlitlC.

* The need in which tl:c En^Ilfli fioo<l of provilions, fvcmcd
to have Li-tri the principal motive for this undertaking ; hut
according to Ionic accounts, Captain Cocke was (o negligent,
thir lie lutlcrLd ilie Indians to carry out what the inluhitams
4-ouIil nut lute Itcnud, lo that when Cav-cndiOi liimfcll came
en ihoie, ci^'iit 01 ten days afterwards, tl.ib circuniftancc oliliKcd
liiin to cndciv(.\;i ^cttinf^ by intrcaty wliat Iwforc lift had in Iiis
puwei, and, after i'!, inif-cnihark without the very tliin^b for
ilie hike t>l which I.l liad cnulcd the town to be furprifcd. As
Harris ol'icivt--, tt.ar the Indians were very frieodiy to the new
c»mct', lo it 1I I'oM'.'j!-: iiut the furmct found mean; ilius to

that the cnmnuuidcr llill deemed it not in.pi'fliblf

for him to put hin delign in execution, tliiiiking to

fiiil thither by «ay of the Cape of CiochI Hope ; yet

here loo he was over- 1 ulcd by the rtlblutiun ut the

marinern, and accuidingly IIimhI lor the llrulilian

v'laft. But on the 20th of May the Dtlirc and the _ .

black pinnaiv were feparatcd from him, which ''Pa- |io',|j|',,i',',, ,

ration Cavendrlh ihargcH upon Capt. Davis, L'ut,|,c a,|„,,,^:,

other accounts lay it upcjii the admiral's having aliereil

his courfe, and give a circuniltaiilial detail of the

matter, the fiibltaucu of which we havo fubjoiiitd in

its proper place.

Not loitg after, the Lcicetlcr hid the Rot buck in
a (form, and :.ut without much difficulty rcachid the
harbour of St. Vincent, where fomc of ihe fliip't
company, being peiluadtd by an Indian, got per-
miflloD lo go on Ihore, to the iiunibt r of 30, iicgleit-
mg the advice of their commander nut to trull thvni-
felves too far up the country, were attacked by Ijo
Portuguefc and ^co favauei, wi mallacad to a man,
the Indian only returning with the tiding.*, whole
iiuelligince relative to the provifions to be got in the
country, had led them into this fatal error, fome
wouivds that he had received in the lonfliii) bcarin|{
tellimony to hi.s honcfty and to their imprudence.

As the admiial had thus loll 30 nun and his boat
befides, he had great reafon to regret this accident,
he had however the good fortune to take an old boat
from the PortHguelir, which made fome fmall aincndu
for his lolv ; but what more contributed to comfort
him was the appearance of ihc Koebuck in this bay i ji . y , .
yet on examination, he found her in Au.h a (hatteiedf„y„,|,
condition that lie could not ar that time vxpciit much
affiltancc from fuch aconCurt.

He Dill ardently wifhed tor an op|M>rtunity to
revenge himfelf upon the Portugucfe, but as on the
Urafilian coall the harbours arc niotily .barred, fo as
not to admit any vcflcis of burden, fo he found that
a defign he entertained of battering the town could
not be accompliflied, and ail that was in the power
of the Englifh was todetlroy a few farm-houfcs.

The Portuguefc next propofed to the admiral the
taking or battering of tne town of Spirito Santo, '-"''^j''''',''
but he was not able to bring the Ihips over the bar,^ jji^ *^*'
and they had thoughts of Jcpartir.g, when they dif-Sanio.
covered three (hips at anchor near the town, which
the admiral propolcU cutting out in the night. His
advice was not followed then, but over-ruled by the
murmurs of his men. The next day, however, they
infiltcd on being fcnt to do what was then become
impoffible. Approaching with their two crazy boats
in the face of the enemy, and landing to attack the
town, whence they were tired on, they were rc-
pulfed with difgrace, two thirds of them were flain,
together with Captain Morgan, who was fcnt to
head them, and whom they forcitd to proceed in this
dcfpcratc ciitcrprifc. All thnfc that returned brought
back nothing but unprofitable v'ounds, as the reward
of their ra(hnefs,§

Cavendifli leaving this place, failed for the i(land.|'|,; Rutin -
of St. Sebaftian, and in his way thither, the Koc-a^ain part^
buck II which he had fu lately regained, voluntarily ciini|iany u.-i:
parted from him ia the night, talcing away both thch<<i<'
furgeons, and above double the proportion of victu-
als necetlary lor the 46 men that flie had on board.

Notwithtlanding all this, yet Cavendiih had not
laid afide his purpuTe of returning to the ftreights ;
but at it may eafily be imagined, this ihip's crew who
were never highly pleafcd with the projettl, now put

a down-

And a'lo

1. 'I

■

Uoih'i.,,

H Tlic I'nrru

■ I'U.lcklll

^M nU'ii!.L-i ot

The crew
. ountila.'ts
Uic adniil.i
dJ.K-i.

Account of

rtieii diltu'tl
l-iuAtion .ii)t
vuyai^c ic
^land.

deceive ilie laner, under the raalk of frienilAip> and afierwirilt
to iiialtc a merit of fupplying them with part ot wliu tlicy had
before taken away.

+ Jane tayi onlv foi».' poor old men were kept as hoflage?.

t Tlie other pinnace (the Dainty) niMlathe b<l> of her way
to I£n);land, leaving her captain on Iwaid the Roebuck, the
crew lakinK with luein all ine pravifions, and even his wear-
ing; appircl.

i He left So men, and had 40 WOiTndtd lA this attack.

anc fays the iiicD expected that h: intended tu burc ttut

flJi
veircf.

CAPTAIN CAVENDISri,

4«

, Ami tVa tl4

Tlic I'ortu-

iijinl'ti i)t It
men.

Tl.i: iicw
< i)unui4> U
ilicNtlnni:)!'}
tlvfiiei.

;TU- KocU.k

Account of

ilieiidillica
ltu.i:ion niitl
\t>vaf^c tc "n

A (lownrigtit iir^atlv(! upon the rcfoliition. Thrralcn-
iii^s were vain, uiul he iiiiiM have hut little to pro-
milut l<> w.is uiulii .1 iicccflity ol uhiindnniiiu hit (u-
vouritc rrhrnie, and lln'rin^ towards St. .Schalliiui,
200 liai'ucs tn tlir vviitwaril ol Spirito Santo, when
lie had no nuiri' ili.in one calk of water loft.

Bchi^ U'paraiul lioin the I'ortut^ui'fe at ihii ifland
6l>ly li) a Cinall irctk, :ind luCpiciou'i of his own
pinplo, hi was ii\ the nviH dillri(»rul filuation that
coiilil iK'imi.'.iiiid.and, as to the fornuT (Ud on as it is
laid h) an Inlhinan Klonninn to his (hip) tlicyiamc
over one night and killed and iiKik pril'uners a iiuniher
. <if his ni< II, molt >f wlioiu were lick and wounded,
and tlion leiirinL":, left parliis of Indians, Co difpoCed
nin<)ni;ll the trees and liulhes that they were per|)C-
tually annoying; the remains of the EngliCh, that they
were forced to depart before they had takfd in (o
much wood and water as was deemed ncceriiiry for
their voyai^e.

Thisiittle remnant Co muchdreadcd their command-
er's dcfigri of returning to the flreights of Ma^^hellan,
tliat having overlhut St. Helena, they could not be
perfuadcd (for the admiral feems to have loll all com-
mand) toticcr thecoall to the fouthward, but inlWled
on failing direiitly to England, whither as it appears,
he never llyed to return. •

As the commander complained much of the condudt
of Captain Davis, of the iJefire, li) were nut the ca))-
tain and crcsv of that velUl in general backward in
jullifying themftlvcs from the imputation. And
(ince the reailer may be curious to know what befel
her after her fepaiation, we have heie (et down the
principal events extrailed from one who wrote a re-
gular account of the voyage.

After hnvini.^ related, journal-wifi.', all that palled
till their entrance into the Itreights of Maghidlan,
he proceeds to obferve, Thnt alter having doubled
'■Cape Froward on the i8th of April, Mr. Cavendilli
being on board the Uefire, the ihips were forced h\
the fury of the dorm to put into a little rove, about
four leagueb from the cape, where they h.id continual
tcmpefts, and fnow, »'•'', their men died of coid and
famine, and the Tick ere put on (horr, as we have
already feen. '• In thefe great extremities of cold
and fnow (he adds) Mr. ( avendilh afked our cap-
tain's opinion, becaufe he was a man that hud good
experience of the N. W. parts, in his three fevcral
difcovcries that way, when cmployetl by the merchants
of London. Our captain told him that this fnow was
a matter of no long continuance, and gave him fuf-
ficient reafon for it, and that thereby lie could not
much be prejudiced or hurt in his proceeding. Not-
withllanding he called together all the company, and
told them, that he purpofcd not to Hay in the
ftreights, but to depart upon fome other voyage, or
e!fc to return a^ain for Brafil : but his refolution was
to go for the Cape of Good Ho^. The company
aniwcred, that if it plcafed him, they did dcfire to
flay God's favour for a wind, and to endure all hard-
nefs [hardfhip] whatfoever, rather than to give over
the voyage, confldering they had been here but a
fmall time ; and becaufe they were within 40 leagues
of the South Sea, it grieved them now to return j
notwithftanding, whatever he ordered, that they
would perform. So ho concluded to go for the Ca|>e
of Good Hope, and to give over this voyage. Then
C'lr captain, after Mr. Cavcndifh was come on board
the Defire, from talking with the company, told him,
that if it pleafed him to confider the great extrtriity
of his fituation, the Henderneis of his provifions, with
the weakncfs of his men, it was no courfc for him
to proceed in that new enterprife. — For if the reft of
your (hips (faid he) be furnilhcd anfwcrablc to this.

Vol. I. N's.

■» In lilt letter to Sir Trinraiii Gor||;ei, which wa> ivritten
not lon^ before iiit deccafr, after mcntioniiii; the death of a eou-
fin uf hia, he fay>, <• What with Ids grief occanoned by tint
event, and the continual trouble endured among fuch hell-
hounds, (hisfliip's crew) I wi<hed tnyfrif upon any defart place
in ilia world, there to die, rather than ihua btfelv to return home
*K«tai which courlc 1 had put in cxcculivn, had I found an

it ii impoflible for you to peiform vour dcteriruiiation,
lor we h.-.vc no more faiU than malls, no viiiliiaU, n >
ground tackling, no cordage more than is nverheaJ,
and among 7; |icrfons, there is but the nialUr alone
that can Older the (hip, and but 14 l.iilors ) th« nit
arc gtntltmei), fcrving-men, and aitiHccrs ; there-
fore It will he a defpcrute cafe to take fo hard an en-
terprife ill hand. riiefe perlualions did our captain
not only life to Mr. Cavendilh, but alio to Mr.
Cocke. In hue, upon u pttition delivered in writ-

"5>

ing, by the ihicf of llie whole comp.my, to the gene-

treigh
Maj^hellan, ami tn return again for Santos in Urafil."

ral.

he determined to depart out uf the freights of

And .iceurdiiigly, we find that they let fail on the
i;tli, Cavendilh being then in the Defire, but on
the 20th they parted from him, after he had gone
again on board the Leiccller, of whole crew he
<wue had fo ill an opinion, that he declared he wa>
inclined to Hay in the Defire. — Uf the feparation,
which the admiral deemed to be wilful, we have the
following account ; " That being athwart of Port
Defire, in the night as they fiippof(;d, the general
lleered his courfc," and thus he was loll ; " For (adds
he) ill the evening he Ihwid clofe by a wind to fea-
ward, having the wind N.N.W. and we (landing
the fame way, the wind not altering, could not on
the next day fee him ; li> that we then jKrfuaded our-
fclves that he was gone for Port Defire to relieve hiiii-
Itlf, or that he ha.l fuftercd fome mifchance at fea,
and was gone thither to remedy it." This being the
gelK ral opinion, notAithllanding they had no boat nor
anchors, nor cnbles fit to truft to, they went thither.
There tluy .irrivctl on the 20fh of May, and fuffered
many difTiculties ; though they were fomcwhat relieved
by j.;etting iood frtfli water uiiexpeftedly, and lived on
mullels and fmelts, in order to prcferve their provi-
fions. While they lay there, the author tells us, that
" the general having in their (hip two pcftilcnt fel-
lows, who had entered into a plot to murder the
captain, and mailer, and their friends, into which
they had drawn the reft of the company, he adds«
" I'here were marks taken in his cabin how to kill
him with muf(|uets through t'ne fhip's fide, and bullets
made ot filver for the execution." — But as fgon as
the boatfwain heard of this plot, he difcovcrcd it tci
the mafter, and fo it came to the captnin ; yet James
Parker and Edward Smith, the two leaders of this in-
tended mutiny were punilhed only with admonitions ;
and as it appeared that the fource of the mifchief was
derived from a re'.blution, of the captain to take the
pinnace, and go in fearch of the admiral, when he
ibund that the ihip's company v/ere all moll violently
bent againft the undertaking, he dcfifted, giving them
good words for their bad, and concluded T«is contro-
vcrfy with Parker and Smith, by faying, " The Lord
judge between you and me — which, fays the author,
came to a moft fharp revenge, even by the punifii-
ment of the Almighty." After this the captain defir-
iiig they v*'ould fet their hands to an account of their
lofing tlic admiral, and of the extremities to which
they were redu.-eil, they agreed to the propofal, in
conlequcncc of which a paper was drawn up in the
following words :

" The teftimonial of the crew of the Defire, touch-
ing the lofing of their general, which appeareth
to have been utterly againft their meanings.

" The 26th of Auguft, 1591, we whofe names
arc here underwritten, with divers others, departed
from Plymouth, under Mr. Thomas Cavendifli our
general, with four ftiips of his, viz. The Leiixfter,
the Roebuck, the Defire, and the Black Pinnace, for
the performance of a voyage into the South fea. [Af-
N ter

■Hand which the chaitt make to be eight degrees to the fouth-
ward nf the line. I fwcartoyou I Tcught it with diliKcocc,
mcaninc (if I had found it) there to have ended my uusrtu*
■ate lite. But God fuffered not fuch happiacfa to luthc upon
me ; for I could liy do meant find it j lo wu forcta to comt
toward! England."

THE V () V A f} E S OF

r?i)» '" ri't.ipiiiil.ifiii' ihtf iliiif fventi thm luil liapprncd
— ,r— ' ill their iiuirlf, ilu- mi-niornl proceni' ihii» | On ihc
IlK of M.iv, bciiiK attiw.irt o( I'ori Defirc, ^b lrigii«
ort the ftmrt, tin- wiiul tlun mn .1 r.iU .inJ by north,
at tur ot the rlnik «t nif-hf, wi- liulilinlv fall .iboiit,
Iwn'X noiili-ra(>, tl«' Wii-'t tullowin^' tlic ailiiiir.il, our
iliip Voriiitig umlrr Iiih Iiv, (hot j-hrnil of him, .iiul to
Crjintil l.iil fit in kfi'p oMiip.my. I'll'' niflit wc wi rr
lirvrrcil, hv wh.\t occ ilioii wi- know not, whilhcrwc
M\ ihriii or tiny its In the niorning wi' only f;iw
tlir Hl.ick I'limicr, thin luppolln^ the .Klmir:il h;i<l
ovviflicit ii<. All thu (liiv Wf (looil ii> ihr i;illwjrJ,
liopiiitf til liiiil him, bccatile it w,i» mil likrlv he IhcpiiM
IJ.iiiil 111 thi- (hoip 1" fiidiliiily. Hut [thvis) miHiiU',
him, t'lMiiriN nipht, wv IhrrcJ to ihr (houwiird,
hopiiij hv tluit coiirli' totinil him.

(Jii till' 72(1 of M.iy at iiiiiht, wc hml a violent
ftorin, with the wind -.w north-\vil>, .ind wi; were
torccd Id hull, not biing ;ilile lo btMr f.iil ; ;ind this
ni;;ht \w p<ri(hvd our m.iin trotli'l triv*, lb lh.it wi-
could not ufe our main top-fail, Ivinj: midi dangir-
tiuflv in the fea. The |iinn.iri' liktwifc rtcvived a j-.reat
le.ik. III that v»c were inloriid llie iK-vt day tola k
the lit At (hnre fur our rtlii I'. And Ixt.nife Limine w,\>
like tnlic ihehvOiiid f til it wcoould othi-rwileeipit'l )
we defiral lo ;;ii fur I'ort IX lire, h<ipiiig with lials
nnd pen;;iiins to relieve ourlilvi<;, and fii lo ni.ike
fhift fii folloAi the pcneral, tir ihrre lo (lay hi . com-
inp from Hrafil. Tiic 24th <if May wc h.id niiuh
wind at iioith. The 25th w.is calm, and the lia
virvliif'v, fii that our (hip liad dan;;eioiis and foul
uviilher. The 2'ith our fore-lhroiid'i bioke ; fo that
if wo had not Ikcm near the ffion , it had bten iin-
pollihle for us to L'et out of the !ia.

" And now, b.iiin here moored in Port Defiie,
our lliioiid!. iircall rotten, nm haviiij; a runniiii; rope,
whereto wo mav trull, ari.l I'eiii;.^' (.rii\ided of oiilv
rue Ihift of faih, all worn, our topfai!^ not able to
tndvirc any (lref» of weaiherj neitlier have we anv
pitch, tar, or nail«, nor any (lore for the fiipplyiiii;
<if lliefe w.inl^, and wc liwonly upon |i , K and iniif-
fvU, havinj! but five ho;;lheads o( poi k within [on]
I111..11I, and meal three ounces a day, with water to
ilrink.

" And forafiiuirh au it hath pleafed CJixI to fepa-
rate our fleet, .Tiid to biin:; us into fuch hard extre-
mities, that onlv ni^w by his mete mercv wecx|Kcl
relief i fhou:'h o'heiwife we are hopelefs of comfort,
vet, b.eaute the vondcrful wiirks of Ciod in liis tx-
cecdinr;(.'reat favour toward- hi-, creatures, are far be-
yond ilie feope of m.iM's cipicilv ; therefoiv hv Him
w hope to liave deliverance in tliis ourdicp diltiefs.
AWo, forafmiif li a- thofe upon wlmm Cj">! v. ill bellow
the favour of life wiih return home to iheir own
rfur.trv, mav '■•l ■ ilv remain blanulif-, but alio
to manifell the tiuth of our .■'Jfions, we have tt'ouilit
•;iiod, in Cliriftiaii rUaritv, to lay down iindir our
h.iiiils tlietrutli of all oiu' pici'-cdings eMii i.iitil this
Tune of (Ui diltrcfs.

G.\in in I'oit Difm., the ficond day of
June, 159.I..

H»vuv; put their hands to tin- p: 'icr, they began
to let Ihimi Ives to wnrk upini 'urh thin;;s as were

lu.id lu-ceirary for tlui; pulVivalr.iii. .■\ccoiiliiij;ly

tin V fet tip a fori;e, to make bolls, nail-, and other
ir.iM wii;k ; and alio iii..de ropes ( iit 01 their cables.
Tin" ot'icr- were eniplovtil in procii.iu fmelts for
them. '1 hev alfo iouiul an ifland aluiunding with
fals, w:iithir ihry lent the piunace, and were highly
latislicd when a quantity of tliem was taki 11,

On tlu- t'.'.i of Augulf having kept watch horn the
hii;li lands in order to diliover the admir.il, but in
vain, it was reiolved to go for the StrcigliCs ol Ma-
glicU.Tn, where his veflcl could not pals by them if flic
i"unc that way. Accordingly tluy fet fail, and .ifter
rnrouiUdiiis; a fturni, and other difficulties, made the
(freights, where they found the weather extremely
rold, yet they ilffcribe the p<o]ilcon the iici;;libour-
ing (hores a^ going naked, pnirting their bodies like
the anilint inhabitaiits of Itrit.iin, and generally

living in the wooils and wildi of ilufe romfoiflrf» r^
^lons, where now it «a» iIk- very niiildle of winter.

Anehoriin; in a rove about 14 lea|>iK's from the
South Sea, by account, thev ll..yvd a lortnif'ht lor
the .idmiral ; but the mriidvinu t.dl ihrou^'h cold and
famine, the nialier of llie vrlkl ailvilid to enter tin.-
F'acitie Oee.in, ami to Iher dini'lly tor the illand ol
Santa M.iri.i, which .idvue iMiii/, lollowul, (not
without a view of niiifiii ; with Ciivuidifh, who, an
they comlililul, inulJ p.if. hv lh.it ill.iiid, they let
fail on the I jih of Diiembii, hut weic Imrcd bark
again on the I4lh, and irtiiined Ion cove .ihout thiee
leagues from iIk' South .Sr 1. Muvvever iIk v went for-
ward again as fuon as llie wim' |K'riiiiitttl, and, willi
the lofs of an anchor in a ((01 m, e.uiie nine aj'.ain in
view of llie defiled ocean. Ili;e a ililputc ainle >
fomcof the company wifliinp to ;.;nai,aiii to I'oit De-
lire, and to 1 ■■ let on (hoie tin le, while others wilheti
t 1 proceed. " V\ iieiriipon (lays J.iiic) the c.iptain laid
to the mailer — M.iltir, you lee the woiideilul exlri.-
inity if our iltaie, and the great iloubls amoii)( our
cnmpar , of the tiiiili of your reports, as loiieh-
ing rel f to he h.ul in llie South Sea. Now, good
mallei, lorafiniieh as you have been in this voyagu
once before, with your mailer the general, fatisfy the
com| any of liith 11 iitlis ,is fo you .ire bed known, and
you, the rtll of the pineral » men, who allolia\e
neen with him iit liis hrll voy.ije, If voii hear anr
tliinu; contr.irv to the truth, fparc not to itprove it, I
pray you. — I hen the mailer laid, if yuu Ihink (.Miod
therefore 10 return, I will not gainl.iv it; but thiii
I think, if life mav be prelerved by any mean'-, it
is proceeding for at the llie of Santa Alaria, I do
allure you of v\he,il, pork, and roots cnou;;h. Alio
1 will bring you to .111 ifle vsliere pelicans lie in guat
.ibundanec) and wc Ihill have meal in great plenty,
hifides a poffibility ol inttretpting lome Ihips upon
the coalf of Chili and IVrii. Itut if we ifiurn, there
is nothing but death to be looked fur fexptiled)
Therefore do as you like , 1 am ready j but my diliio
is to proceed. Thelc his fpeeches being confirmed
by others that were in the former voyages, ihcre was
general confent for proceeding, and (ii, on ihe feri'nd
of Oiilohcr we put io'j the South Se.i, and were fue
of all land."

But whilfc all wcrr a»ieed in purliiing il.is eourilU
of the mallei of the vellel, the elements foii^.hl a;'ainfk
them. That very evening a gale fpian[' up which
increafcd with fuch violence that the eiew on board
the ftiip were informed by thofe in the pinnace, that
Ihe latter had no hope left of outliwBg the iiorm,
but h-inL' t'lemlclves leducid to great extremity, and
in view iif a lee fliore, ihey were obliged to abandon
her vvith all on board to ijuir tito, and the ucxt night
loll fight of iier for ever.

'I'hus they proceeded, laftied on by tcmpcft^, and
drifting fafl upon a dangerous ftiorc. Uiit on the lotli
of Oiftnbcr the fun liuldmly ihiniiij out bright, g-ave
the captain and mailer .111 opportunity of difeovcrin!;
their true fituatioii, and conlii-quenlly' of finding th?
true courfe ihey mull fliape for the'recovcry of the
llreights. '^'et though this at hrfl encour'agul th?
mariners, it could not properly be conlidered as mat-
ter of great confrdation to ihole who were rather fub-
jecl to the courfe of the winds and wa\<s than to the
j;uidancc of their own Ikill aiul jiulgnieiit. And thu<
indeed it happened, that the lefs d.iiij^er was only
pafied .i.nd the greater wa, yet to come, ';> moll (Irik-
ing piiSlure of which iK'ing drawn by the author al-
ready quoted, we (hall give it here in his own words.

" On the nth. of October (fays he) wc (iiw Cape
Defcaldo, the cape 01 the fouth ftjorc (the nortll
(horc bein^ nothing but a company of dangerous
rocks, i Iks and (hoals.) This cape being within two
leagues to the leeward of us, our manrr greatly
doubted that we (hould not double the fame, ncver-
thelcls, being a man of good fpirits, he refolutely
made quick difpatch, anil fit fail. Our fails had
not been half an hour on board [hoiftcd] but the foot-
rope of our forcfail broke,, fo tlut iiolhinj; held but

I <

CAPTAIN C A V F. N D I Ji t(.

k(cj|ic.

llic oytet-hciK'-. Tlic fia« cnntiriiially lirokc over the
(hip't ri'iop, fliw into ific faiU with liirh violence that
wo Hill rxpi-iJtuI the tiariii;; of tiiir r.iil», "f overdt-
lin;; of the lliip ; und l>'(iili-», to our utter Uircoiiifnrt,
wi' pcrciivoil tlial wc fill dill nmii' .ind mme to tin-
leeward, Co tint «c ( Iwliivid wi J loiilJ not doiihic
the C4pe. Wi were now tome within hull a mile of'
the e.i|«', and fit nc:ir llu (liore, that the cmmtii -I'm I
of the I'e.i would rebound aj;.iin(> the (hip't fides '"
ihat we were much ililmaved with the horror ot I'ur
preiinteiKl. Mcinj! tliin fit the very point of oiii
death, the windi and the fca* raginj; beyond mi-afuu,
«mr mailer veered fome of the m.iin-(heet ; and,
whether it \\,i\ hy that orcidlon or by fome eurteiit,
or by the wonderful power of ({(mI (a» we verily
think it was) the lliip <|uiekeiied lier way, and Ihot
pall that rock, where we fliou^ht wc Should have
been <hored. Then between the eape and the (hore
there wan a little bay, lo thnt we were fomewhat far-
ther from (horc i and whi-n we rnme unto eapr, we
yielded unto death : yet ilie father of all nureie^ile-
livercd ii», and we doubled ilie cape about the Kni;lli
of our (hip, or very little more ; beinc (hot palt the
cape, vvc prefently took in our fiiN, wTiich only (iihI
had preferved to us; and when wc (hot in between
the high lands, the wind» blowing trade, without an
inch of fail, fpooncd before the (Va, three men not
being able lo guide the helm, and in fix hours we
were put 25 leagues within the Ikreiyhts, where we
found a fea anfwerable to the ocean."

'I'his was indeed an uncxpedked efcaiK, but the
unfortunate crew of this weather-beaten vefl'el were
far from being near the end of their trouble. In the
midit of this wintry climate, which (li(H'ned tlieir
(Incws with cold, to add to their other misfortunes,
they were almofl devoured with the moft loatlilomc
vermin, that not only I'warmed about them, but alfo
burrowed in their flelh. On this account, having
laboured to clear their vcflel from water, it was judged
proper to put into one of the coves with which it hns
been noticed that thefe (treights abound. This was
accordingly done for the refrethmcnt of the men, and
they (tayeil till the 2i(V of Otiober, when they agai'i
put forward into the channel, with tolerable go(;d
weather. But thefe inclement regions bcfor; night
proiluccd another tempe(f, and the velTel ONxd its
fafety only to the care of the captain, who had drawn
fo accurate a plan of the ftreights, at his firfl paf-
I'agc through them, that being nrntwrly attended to,
it guided her through all the intricacies of that chan-
nel in a moft gloomy and tcmpe(luous night.

While they were at anchor on the coaft, the boat
beine fent in fair weather to collcrt a quantity
of the birds from whence that land takes its name,
one of the ufual ftorms nrofe, and the birds wci-e
obliged to be thrown overboard, led they (hould be
loft.

The interval h.id given them tim': to clear their (hips
from water; hut th'- crews were ftiU in adifagreeable
lituation, and even in the niidll of thefe wintry re-
gions, were alnioll eaten up by the moft loathfome
vermin. Ihus diftrc(red, they had put into one of the
coves of the channel, where thev (laycd till hunger
Ibrced them out in favourable weather ; but the ilorm
foon fuccceded, in the mid(t of which, by means of
a chart drawn by the captain, the fliip was conduced
through what the author calls " The Hell Dark of
Night," where the channel was not in fome places
above a league broiad.

Having efcaned this danger at Penguin Ifland,
where they hati nearly loft their boat, at the fame
time that their veO'cl was driving on a lee (hore, but
both thefe difficulties being furmounted by their in-
dultry and refolution, at length on the 27th of Oc-
tober they got free of the Streights of Magbellan. —
Their boat being fent to the (hore, " Parker, Edward
Smith, and twenty others, (fays Jane) were ap-
pointed to (lay upon the (hore for the killing and
drying of thefe penguins, and the captain promifed
after the ihip was in harbour to fcna the rcfl, not

only for expedition, but .ill'o to fave the fm ill (lore
of uiluals then in the (hip. Hm I'.irker, .Siniili,
anil the rell ot their taction (iilpe^'tnl tli.ii tins w.i-. .1
lievnr of ilie captain'-, lo liave his iiieiiuii Ihore, that
by ilnle means there might be vicliiali for the re(f lo
lei.iver thiir country j and when they remembered
that this was the place wheie iliey Would have (lain
their captain and niilKr, lunly (tiiounhi iliey) for
reviiii'e lieie will they leave us on (lioie , Hhieh,
wilt II oui eaptaiii iiiiilerllood, he e.illed (rod lu \\it-
iiefs th.it iiveiu'i was no part of [hid no put 111 1
I111 thoughts: I'hcy gave him thanks, deliiiiiglu
;',o into itie harbour with the (hip, wliith was granted.
So liicre weie only ten left upon thi illi', aiul [on] the
lall day of OiilolKr we entered the harbour, (our mai-
ler, at our laft bein;j^ beie, haviii'.i, taken careful no-
tice of every ereik in the river) in a very convenient
place, uiion a laiiJy <mic ran the (hip agiound, laying
our anenor toleawaid, and with our ruiiiung ropes,
moored her to rt.ikes upon tlic (hore, whicli lie had
falleiird lor lliat purpofe, where the (hip remained till
our departure. On the -^d of November, our boat,
with water, woml, and as many as (he could carry,
went for the ifle o( I'eiigiiiiis t but being deep, lh»
durft not proeeril, but returned avaiii the lame night.
Thin i'arker. Smith, Towidheiul, I'urpet, with five
oiher«, defired that they might go by land, and that
the boat mij^ht fetch them when they were aiyinft the
ilie, it being fcaree a mile from the (hore. The cap-
tain bade them do what they thou[;ht bi.lt, ailvifing
them lo lake weapims with them ; for (faid he) al-
though we have not at any time feen people in this
place, vet in the country there may be (ai ages.— —
I'hey ani'wercd, " '("hat here were great (tore of
deer, and oltriclies ; but if there were lavages they
would devour them." Notwilhdandinu, the captain
caul'ed tlient to take weapons with them, carlivers,
fwords and targets ; fo the 6th ot November, they
departed by lanil, and the boat by (ia j but from that
day to this day, wc never heard of our men. 'I'hif
nth, while molt of our men weie at the ilie, only
our captain and matter, with fix others, being left in
the (liip, there tame a great m altitude of favages to
the (hip, throwing dud in the air, leaping and run-
ning likebiute hearts, having viz-artls on tlicir,faccs like
dog's laces, or elfe they had dogs faces indeed. Wo
greatly feared le(t they would fet the (hip on fire, fur
they would fuddcnly make fire, whereat we much
marvelled ; they came to windward of our (hip, and
fet the bulhcs on firo, fo that we were in a very (link-
ing fmokc ; but as foon as they came within our (hot
we (hot at them, and llrikingoncof them in tlie thigh,
they all prefently tied j (owe never faw more of 1 hem.
'('hereby wc judged that thefe canibals had (lain our
nine men." " When wc confidered (adds the au-
thor) who they were that were thus murdered, and
found that they were the principal men who would
have murdered the captain and mailer, with their
friends, wc faw the ju(t judgment of God, and made a
fupplieation to his Divine Majcfty to be meicil'iil
unto us." t.

During the time that the Englilh rcmaineil in this
bay, they found on examining the river that they could
EO no farther than twenty milts up. Upon the
Ifle of Penguins, the crew took a q.,antity of tliolL-
birds, which they dried and falted, and much re-
joiced that they could lav in fuch a Horc of provifion.
They alfo took gulls and other birds, and eggs, as well
as many fcals ; and found a quantity of the herb called
Scurvy-grafs, which ufing train oil for butter, they
fried with eggs, and found it very wholefomc, remov-
ing the chief difordcr among the men.

Twenty thoufand [a number almoft incredible] of
penguins were taken, 14,000 of which only the mari-
ners were able to bring on board, and had well nigh
loft their (hip by the uncertainly of tKe winds and
tides.

They afterwards ftood fortheBrafiliati coaft, hav-
ing been reduced to the allowance of (ive ounces of
meal in » week, to be fervcd twice, three fpoonfuls

«f

MQf

*♦

THE VOYAGES OP

'593 '^^ '^'^ '*'''' ^ '''^" three (la^ in a week ; for two days a
' — v— «' pint of peafc for each man. Five penguins for four
men every day, and fix q,uarts of water fur the faiuc
number of people.

Arriving at the IIlc of Placcntia in Br.ifil, on the
jotli of January, twenty-four of the crew went to-
wards the Ihore with the captain ; but it was not till
the next day tliat the company landed, hoping to take
the Portugucfe inhabitants in their beds, and theic to
get Ci/Tavi meal, and what clfe they could find ; but
die Portuguefc had rafed their own hoiifes to tlie
j^rouiul, and were fled up the country. Tlie ftiip was
afterwards brought into a creek, where llicy moored
hcrtotlic trees, and found water and all conveniences
for hooping their calks, a guard being always kept
for the protection of fuch as were cniployeif about
their neccfTary bufinefs. On the 5tli of February
the captain fent the cooper to gather hoops, and |)ro-
vided a guard as ufual, himlelf feeing the weapons
delivered. Notwithltanding which, all his precau-
tions could not prevent that mifchief of which the
writer of the voyage aflerts, that fomc of the crew
had a pre-fentimcnt*.
A niafl'acrc. " All the forenoon they laboured in quictnefs,
and when it was ten o'clock, the heat being extreme,
they came to a rock near the wood's fide, (for all this
country is nothing but thick woods) and there they
boiled caffavi-roots, and dined. After dinner fcinc
flept, others waihcd themfulves in the fea, all being
firippcd to their ihircs, and no man kecpini' watch,
no match lighted,! and not a piece charged. Sud-
denly, as they were thus lleeping .ind fporting, hav-
ing got themfclves into a corner, out of fight of the
Ihip, there came a multitude of Indians and I'ortu-
guefe upon them, and flew them fleepingj only two
pfcaptd, one very fore hurt, the other not touched,
by whom we underftoo<l of this miferable mafi'acre.
VVith nil Ipenl we manned our boat, .md landed to
fuccour our men : but we found them flain and laid
naked i:i ranks one by another, with their faces up-
ward, and a crofs fet by them ; and withal we faw
very great pinjiaces come from the river of Janiero,
very full of men i who we fufpeiTled came from thence
to take us."

The number of the fliip's crew was now reduced
to 27 pcrfons, though flic departed from England with
76. They could t.tke in no more than eight tons of
water for want of calks, and yet if they Hayed with
a view 10 overcome this difficulty^ the ftvip licing
made faft to the trees, they were in fear left their
moorings fliould be cut, or the enemy fhould make
fome fuddeii attack upon them from the fliore. Hav-
ing condoled with each other upon their misfortune
here, and at Port Defire,J they refolved at laft to
'eavc this fat.1l Ihore, and rather truft themfelves to
the mercy of Heaven than remain cxpofed to the dan-
ger which as they concluded thieatcned them every
moment.

Proceeding to Cape Frio, they met with contrary
winds, that proved the more hard on account of
their wanr of water, which was, however, feafonably
fupplied by plentiful (bowers of rain, and their fpirits
began to revive, when a new misfortune came upon
them.

The flcflt of the penguins, which had kept well
in the colder climates, began to corrupt as this un-
happy company appro,iched the warmer latitudes. A
mod loathfome worm bretl in them, which not only
ipoilcd their provifions, but did them otherwilc much

* " Miuy (it the men (fayt he) had dreamed of murder and
of Daughter, one faying t* another, This I [ladj dreamed that
ihou Wirt iiain. — Anoth t anfwercd, And I dreamed that thou
U'crt flain." — A circumfiaiicc which, he obfcrvcs, had occafioncd
tlie oaptain to U more t.ian ordinarily careful for the fafcty of
liis men. ^

t The pieces in uTe in thofe times were let off with mKches,
iirelocki being a more modem inircnlion.

X The wpiicrof the account from whence ours ii cxtraftcd,
adds here, " Ar.d c mfidtrinf; what ihey were whowcrt lift, wt
found thu all lliufc who had cunlpitcd tin murdering our cup-

inifcliicf. Notwithflanding all their endeavours t»
get rid of iJufe animals, they multiplied fo fall and
were (o extremely vor.ttious, that they devoured evyy
thing but iron,, their wearing-apparel, linen, anil
woollen, and even their boots were eaten,, and theic
fleflj bitten by them, nor did the timbers efcape them,
infomuch that the captain and his crew feared they
would cat through the fide of the vcfli;l. Havirn
palled the equator in this diCigrecablc iltuatiqii, thv:
crew weru i^xt attacked with a dillcmper, which
is thus defcribed ; " In their ancles it began tu
fwell, from tlicnce, in two days^ it would be in
their breads, and then fell into their lower pans,
and there did fwell meft grievoufly and moft dreadful
to behold ; fo that they could neither ftand nor go.
The captain in this extremity, declaicd that there
was nothing which he defired fo much as a fpcedy
diflulution. At this time fomc died in the feverelt
pain, and others in a frenzy." The anguiih of the
captain indeed was more mental than bodily fufl'ering,
as, excepting a boy, he was the only pcrfon in health
on board the veflel. By this time only 16 of the
company remained, and on five of th-?m only, a?
being lound perfons, was all the depciitlance for la-
bour and fafcty, the captain and inallt r helping tu
work the fliip, which, for want of better tending, w.is
in a woeful condition, and the l^it-fail and top-fail
Ihattercd in pieces. Yet thus they iiiU held on their
courfe, " and thus(liiys the author) without viituals,
fails, or men, God guided us into Ireland." Thiy
arrived at Bccrhaven on the nth of June, 1593*
and there ran the fliip on Ihore, the Irifh helping to
fit her for Hoating, where the captain left the nialUi
and fume of the crew to keep the veflel, and five days
afterwards he and lomc others of the company took,
their paflage in au English iilhing boat to Padltow in
Cornwall. —

Such were the miferies cndiircd in this unfortunate
voy,ige, in the courle of which, things falling out fu
advcrfe,. thofe who have ftudied the book of human
nature will not much wonder to find the conrunanders
and the men falling out among themfelves, and with
each other. By the 'aft-recited account it feems,
however, that Mr. Cavendifh had not fo much oc-
cafion to blame Capt. Davis, as he, in the height o£
his vexation,.might imagine. The manner of the lat-
tcr's parting from the former, and the pains he took
in endeavouring to rejoin him, togetlier with other
cireumftanccs which the judicious reader muft have
noticed in tlie courfe of the relation, all tend to cor-
roborate tliis opinion, though not adopted by the dif-
appointed .idmiral.

Out of five fliips that went out, onlv* three came
back from this expedition, namely the Dainty, that
parted company with him in the South Sea, the De-
fire havin)); on board but 26 men, though originally
manned with 150, and the admiral's own fhip, of the
number of men loft from which wt are not exadfly
informed, but it feems that not above fifty in all re-
turned in fafety.

When tliefe things are confidercd, and the accounts o,fl„.:„,,
here given are compared, it will not be much matter Oic under-
of wonder that Cavendifh's men were fo unwilling takin);.
to expofe thenili-lves to reiterated dangers. It is one
thing to be bold in attempting the atchievment of a
new but difficult adventure, it is another, after re-
peated repulfes to return to the charge, and combat
with ill fortune through mere raflinefs, when there
is no neceflity to renew the attempt. This leems to

have

tain and maOer weic ouw flain by the f.vtgcst the gunmr onljr
excepted." Tlicie n notliing wonderlul in this and fome other
(linilar icmtrks made by thofe who wrote in that age, cfpi'ci-
ally when we reflcO that, even at this time, men cannot disj'ui'.
the idea of a particular providence from that of dealing tlie
judgments of heaven wliercver they think proper.— In tliii cafe,
at leal), the rcitot the crew fee m to have been involved in dif-
ficuhics and dillrclTes, and fume of tliem, at we And in the fe-
quel, died a innrc miferable death on board, than their coin*
paninns had met with on fhore from the Poriiigiicfe and if
a(?ci.

CAPTAIN C A V E NM) 1 S H.

♦?

have been the error of our adventurer, who likewife
appears to have entertained fomc little prejudices and
partialities, not at all confiftent with the extenfive-
ncfs of his undertaking.

As to the expeditions he undertook, they were
rimllar to otliers, which engaged the high fpirits, and
enriched fome of the fuccefsful plunderers of the maiden
reign. Private fubjcdls of one ftate endeavouring to
plunder another, tho' fan^fied bjr cuftom, is doubtlifs
a barbarous method of carrying on a war. At the pe-

riod of whicli wc .irc writiii';, the Spaniarils liml r^n
evident diradvpnt.ig,c in (In- coiitilt, ;iiid tli'.ir lubjcifls
in the New World li-vcrcly felt ihr conreqiifncc--. A ^
to Captain Cavendifh, he fcU a ficrilti e to tliat do-
fire of wc-ilth and honour which forceil him on a li -
cond voyage to thofe parts, whfru the Ciirrcrs of h;<
fir(t undert.iking had fiirnilhed him with the mean»
which if well manaS'-'d, mitrh: jnobnbJy havi: iiiiiiroi
liim the enjoyment of a c(Miipi.t(.ncc in peace aiid d-
curity in his native country.

THE VOYAGE OF OLIVER VAN NOORT,

le accounts RcHcxiors
uch matter iiic under-
unwillinij taking.

It is one
vment of a
atter ic-
and combat
when there
iiis leems to
have

gunmr only
nd fomc otitcr
»ge, cfprci-
cannot ilisjui'.
if detling tlis
— Inthii cafe,

ulvcd in ilif.

ind in llie ft-

n ihcir com-
cfc and (t-

THE voyageof Oliver VanNoort'and his company
was performed by the ihips Maurice, Concord,
Henry Fredric, and Hope i the two former of which
failed from Rotterdam on the fecond of July, and

I The Dutch hawing reached the Enelifh coaft, remained there wait-
ilnt leavMthe ing for the latter till the 13th of September, and then

I Eoglilh coaft. departed thence upon their grand expcditioI^ having
taken on board an Englifl) pilot, of th« name of
Mellifli,* who proved very ufcful to them in tbc
courfe of their undertaking,

Having pafled between 1 eacfiffie and the Gran Ca-
naria, they proceeded fouthward till they came in
fight of the coaft of Guinea, on the 3d of Novem-
ber. Afterwards, arriving at Prince's Ifland, they
lent in their boats and demanded a fupply of provi-
ftons, which a negro who met them at their lafiding
Oiade them belley« would be readily granted. But
while they were trcatine about this, matter, a great
number or them were fuadcniy cut oiFby a party that
lay in ambufli ; they were purfued to their boats,
which were alfo attacked, and the admiral's brother
was killed in the engagement. The Dutch, in re-
turn, refolved to attack thecaftle i but^as thfv found
the experiment too dangerous, they contented dkem-
Oiives with burning the enenty's fugar houfes, atui
' having fupplicd themfelves with fcefh water, lailod,
to Cape Gonfalv^, where they met with two vefleU
of their country.f Faffing the iAand of Annabo* on
the I ft of January, they held on their courfe till
kaving Cape Frio, they ftood for Rio de Janeiro^,
where they arrived 00 the 9th of Feb. from whence
after fome lols of time and men, by means of the
Portuguefe they went to St. Sebaftian. There they
found no fVuits but were accommodated with a good
harbour, and plenty of wood and water.

Proceeding on thieir courfe, on the 14th of March
• ftorm overtook them, which feparated the vice-
admiral and Hope from the other (hips. The winter
in thofe latitudes approached ; the fcurvy prevailed,
and fearine the extremities to which t!.cy might be
reduced, the admiral refolved to put into St. Helena,
but the fleet could neither make that ifland nor the
Afcenfion ; thev only reached a very barren (horc,

lAitivcsdnthe where they could get nothing but fome fowls which

|caal)ot~Brtril. they knocked down with clubs. Departing from
thence, they were carried to tl\e Brafilian coaft ; but
the Portuguefe npt permitting them to land there,
they proceeded t»-the ifle of St. Clara,, where there
was little elfe to be found but herbs and a fort of
four plumbs, which in about a fortnight cured their
fick, a circumftance that at thu time yielded them
fome confolation.

Intending for the ftreights of Maghcllan, they flood

for Port Defire, which at laft they reachoi, ud fur-

nJihed themfelves with fiih and penguins in great

plenty, from an ifland to the fouthward of that port.

Vol. I. No. 5.

• Mr. Mellilh hiil been with Captain Carendifli io hit vovaec
round tlie world. ' °

• t Bythe crtwi of thefe veffcli. Noort'i people wire in-
fcnned of the niMtartuae of Capttin CttciliigeR »l« wn loft

Sailing up the river-;, they faw a number of hearts re-
fembling itags and buffaloes, as alio olbicbcs and their
nefts. The admiial afterwards landed to view the
country, ordering thole that were left to guard the
boats, not to ftir from them j but thefe men dif-
obtyiug the orders of their commander, fell into an
amhufcade of Indians, by which means three of them
were killed, and one was wounded. Thefe favages
f are defcribcd as tall men, and having tlicir bodies
painted, carrvin^ fhort bows, from whence they (hot
arrows headed with (tone.

Still holding on their coUrle, they endeavoured to
enter the ftreights, but were continually driven back
by tcmpcfts. They loft their anchors, broke their
cables, and were vifited by ficknefs, at the fame time
thatdifputes and contentions preN-ailing among tliem,
rendered their fituation everyday worfu: and thus they
fpent near 15 months from their firft dcpurture, be-
fore they were fairly got into the ftrcights of Ma-
ghcllan.

On two iflands near Cape NaflTau, on the 5th of
November, the Dutch perceiving fome men who
<book their weapons at them by way of defiatice,
land«d and purfued them to a cave, which they d^
fended fo ftubbornly, that the aifailanta could not
enter till evny one of the favages was flain. The
treafure which thefe people were fo fully determined
to preferve or perifli in the attempt was— their wives
and children, whofi: lives the conquerors were fo in-
dulgent as to fpare — bccaufe they had nothing to hopa
from their deftruilion, nor ins fear from their fafety.
Four bovs and two girls being fclefted from among
the children were brought on board the &ips, where
they were kindly entertained.

" One of thefe bovs (according to Harris) having
learned to fpeak Dutch, gave them this intelligence,
that the greater of thefe two iflands was called Caf-
tenune, and the tribe that inhabited it Enno ; that
the fmaller ifland was called Talcke ; and that both
were well ftoicd with penguins, whofe flcfli was their
food, and whofe (kins their cloathing ; and as for
their habitations, they had none but caves ; that the
adjoining continent abounded with oftriches, which
alfo ferved for food ; that they weredirtingui(hed into
fevcral tribes, which had their fevcral diftina itfi-
cknces. The Kcmcnetes, that dwelt in Kacfny j the
Kei.nokin, Karaniay ; the Karaiks, in Morina;— .
all which people were of the common (ire, but broader
brealted } and painted all. The mon tying the pu-
denda up with a firing, and the women covering thofe
parts with penguin (kins ; the former wearing long
hair, and the latter (kiven » but both the(b fexui
naked exicept a cloak of penguia fliins, reaching to
the wai(t. That tliete was alfo a fourth tribe of
them, called Tirimenen, that dvrelt in Coin ; and
theft were «>t a gigantic (Jnture, iting Un «r Witlvtfttt

high,

Willi moft pirt of hit conipany 10 Pti'nccs't IHuid. Thev haA
likcwiicMiineiof rlicTavaucol i>Hcr V<«fliiii»,><, ,|,),o|iiJ tn-

f(t had bjiie4

,~ "tT"" K*f' "" nil company 10 rtinccs « lUiiad.
likewik i.iiingi of rlit fayag* o) I'wcr V «rli,.ei>f, \
tered ibe r,^c^ of Congo, andpnitiD^ .r n '.lii-. ul«t
J J of iiw peop'r. ■

THE VOYAGE OF

1600 high, and were continually at war with the other
H— V — ' tribes."

[The reader will be the better enabled to form a
judgement of the reality of the exiilence of giants on
the Patngonian coafts, when he compares thele uc>
counts of tlie ancient voyagers with thofc of the
circumnavigators of the prcfcnt agej for which rea-
fon, wc fliail for the prelent forbear any comments
upon the fubjc£l. ]

The admiral fet fail on the agth for Port Famine ;
where he found no mark or remains of St. Philip's
city (which has been already mentioned as raifed by
the Spaniards in order to command the ftreights) a
he.ap of ftoncs only excepted, which might fervc for
a memorial of the ill fate that attended that under-
taking. Not finding this place convenient for water-
ing, the fhips departed on the ift of December, and the
next day doubled Cape p'roward, from whence paifing
into a large bay, they caft anchor.— —And here they
found the fliip of Sebald dc Wert, one of Veerha-
gcn's company, which had been driven back with
another veflel from the South Sea. The captain told
them he had been in the ftreights upwards of five
months, that out of too men he had but eight re-
maining, and had put in there, while the reft of the
fleet proceeded, his velfel not bcinj able to fuftitin the
ftorm in the ibuthern ocean. Leaving this place
the admiral fteercd for Maurice Bay, in which he
perceived thatfeveral rivers difgorged themfelves, and
obferved that it extended far caftward.— — " In the
mouth of thefe rivers (fays our author) were vaft
quantities of ice, which fccmed never to melt the year
round ; for though this was near the midfummer fea-
fun in that fouthern climate, yet the See was fo thick
that at ten fathoms founding they could hot feach the
bottom of it. The land alfo leem^ tb bea'he.-tp of
broken iflands, which the height of the mountains
midc appear like one firm and continued piece.

DiilrelTcs of '" '*''' P'*" ^^^V '°'^ ^^'^ of their people, whdm
the Dutch in the favae;cs killed while they were picking muflels,
tlicllrcifilitsot'on which food they chiefly fubfifted, and all the com-
M.iglitll.in. pany had at once hunger and ftorms to contefld with
duririg their continuance in thefe inhofpitablfc re-
gions.

From one bay to another the (hips (hifted their fitu-
ation, but in general only to ' encounter freih diffi-
culties ; till on the laft day of February, they were at
laft relieved from thcfc troubles, by paflingCnpeDe-
fire, and making in their way to the South Sea, \vhic4t'
they entered witli 147 men, but on the 11th tht^'loft
the'vicc-a<Jmiral'« veflel, and not being abIe'*o reco-
ver the fight of her, they went to La Mocha, an illand
in the 38th degree of fouth latitude, which is remark-
able for a high mountain, the top of whieh is cleft,
and from thence pours a ftrcam of water into the
valley. Here they found an lixlian town, the houles<
of wnich were built of ftww. ' The natives bartered
maize, ihccp, and otlicr provifioqs, for knives, Ifatch-
• fts, and the like i and entertained their guelts at their
fimple liabitations with a liquor called C/V;', which was
ninde of maize ftccped in water, and held in great
cUimation amongft them.—— The Dutch accounts
lay that the nxn there are allowed to buy as many
wives as they can aftbrd. In cafe of murder, the kin-
dred of the perfon flain, pronounce fenteiioe and ex-
ecute jufticc on the murderer, as all pnbl'c courts of
l.tw are unknown among them ; nntwithftandiiig they
arc not always equally rigid in thefe matters, as it is
foinctintes |>ofliblc by treating with dci to cfcape pu-
iiilhmtnt. The cloathing of thefe people is made of
the wool of a large fort of fheep, of which they ai«
\ ery choice, and which are alfo ufeful to them in the
carriage of heavy burdens. 'v '

The Dutch came next to St. Mary's Ifland, inlat.
37" '5' ''• S^'ive chace to and took a fliip laden with
meal. 'Ility were told by this pilot that two men of
war wcie waitiiij; for them at Arica, where ihey were
expected by the enemy, who bad fome intelligence
fii thei.' deiigns, and the Englifli pilot perfuaded them
not to attempt j^oing to St. Mary's, where Simon de
6

Cordes, having being invitaj on (liorc, was (lain wittl
23 of his people by the Indians, the Spaiii^rd^ en-
deavouring %Q gft his (hip into their hands, and giv,.^
ing notice all along the coaft of the arfivai oi' thii
Dutch in thoff p^rts, ■ -

Afterwards they failed to. Val Paraifo \vhere tJicf
heard news of the captain of the Flying Ilare, one of
Vecrhagen's company, whvt .was led intua fnurc, and
made prifoner by the enemy.* Here the Dutch took
two (hips, foipe Indians wcr^ alio (lajn, biit thg
Spaniards had quitted the place. From thence 'tney'
proceeded to St. lago, where they heard of the war«
between the-Spani vds and.-theiwtives-ofA^ht who
had taken the town of Baldivia, putting the inhabi-
tants to the l\vord. They entered the bay of La
Uuefcoj.on the ift of April, and after retraining there
about fix d.tys, quitted that harbour, and (iood for
Morre Moreno. They came in view of the rich city
of Lima, on the 25th. \-id here it is faid " They
came to underftand the Vaiftnefs of the treafure which
the Spaniards had r«M«(/'«^eM{>f {|a ftrange pcrvcrfion _,
of laiiBuage] and Which otherwile they had found in viewotTim*
thofe (hips tiiey took at Stt hgo. For by the pilot's
confl-ffion, there were no Icfs than 52 chells of gold
thrown overboard, each cheft containing four aiobes '">^-.

and jOd pots; itvX cachlpot ten dr twelve pound | and
not only this public, but 'tMttf man's pt<ivate ti«afiir<i
was as prodigally flung away, they not carln)^ whkh
way^ it went, Whether to the bottom of chcife«t'or
thebellies of the (i(hes, fo the Dutchmen might be
never the better for it. This gold came from St. Ma-
ry's illand, where three or (bur rich Spaniards en-
erolTed all to themdive's, liJee;pihg'MW thoiulkitd In-<
dians ftarving in the mints. '< ' ''' ' ' 'l;i.^' , 1

Departing from hence the fleet muli-the 'Ladrone; y
Where the Company got a fuppty of cocoM and othi*
fruits, keeping a wary eye upon the nimble' (inured
natives. Coming to tiagia Hay, they got proviliomi
by pretending they were Spaniards. From hence. Arrive at t)it
paffine the Ifleof Oapul, they proceeded towards the' Lndroncs.
Manilla.) ^nli» in' their way, todk a iuhk of Citin*
whicK:itad'(h>reof viflualson boartt,';lnd Was bound
to the very-place whither they Wanted to be dire^ledi'
Prom the mafler Of this ve(rel they got the followIng;^
intelligence, " That there were then at Manilla two
great (hips that ca'nKcfVery year from New Spain thither,'
and a Dutch" (hip alfo that was bought at Malacca i'
tbaethe town w<ls walled, and had tvh (hips riding
befot^ I'w'fot it* better Ifccurity. He mentioned th*
vaft trade carried on from China'thithcryand (hid thi<f
two (hips laden with iron .-md other metals, us Wen^nf
provifions, was expected to arrive from Japan.' >
Holding on their courfe, they made the ifland uf >J Luf-'
Ton (which is dcfcribed as being .iboiit the tic« of
Great Britain) after' having taken' a bark litlcrt witlf-
hogs and iwultrr, defined tbi the i'^iaii trittut^ tW|
ithe Spaniards. At this Iflantf they al(b took one dfi
,the Japan: (hips of 250 ton* btirtkn. and, an the^tft^
of May fell in with two ve(i^l«, wnofe cargoes cuti'*']
rt(h:d of hkms, hog*; and aqua vitx. ....

Falling in with the Manilla fleet on (ho 14th, a-
fmart engagement enfucd, in the courfe of wNk'h thS' irfia- »> 1 ■
Dutch aditiiral Was boarded ibythc Spaniflrd», Olid on' '■'^''l >>>'■
the very point of ftriking to the Spanl(h admii^l,'
When the ftrmcr threatening to blow himfelf and hi**
men up With the veflel, rather than it (houtd bi"
yielded tothe enemy, dcfpair giving them fre(h coU' An erpiri.-
raft:, upon this declar.iiion they exertul lb ijiudi mem w ili :^ii
vigoiu-, that they drove back the Spaniards, and*!"""''^'-
boarded, and .it lalt funk the .idmiraK 'In thid eh-'

fagemcnt. the Dutch loftthcfir piiih<M,wlii(<h wKtn-
en by the enemy's vioe-admiral, amA taad>bV:fid<s'fi\'6
men (lain, and twxnty-fiK'Woundcd ) ^ilc by their
account it appeard that the Spaniards loft fonio huii- 1
drcds, that perilhcd p.vtiy in tlie fij^ht, -and partly

* Thii ctrcumlUnce the cipt^in olifcircd wat ^v^'ii^ tq^thc '
wroinfpl»<iingof ilfgill»ajlitiiheowi>v;.,^,„„ J J ,, ,.,. ,j

<;4k'

OLIVER VAN NOORT.

n with
d^ cu-

•j<t ti\cj

, Que ot°

irc, and

tell took

but tha

icetTiey' .

lie war*

H» whw

: inhabi-

y of La

mg there

Hood for

rich city

" TWey

re wh*cti

crverflon ^,, „„, ;,

Jound in ^icjv ut Lima.

he pilot's

freaclicry of
lie Borncans

AiU"

s ot gold
lur arobes
und I and
;e tPearnra

dic^fed'or
might be
n St. Ma-
n'lards en-
lutkitd Iti-i
t . ! ' , * ' '
iLadroncf^
and othi*
ie' lin^red
provilioMi

)rn hencCi Arrive at tfct
awards the^'Udrones.

of Cltin*
«>as'boun<f

le dircitedf
following
anillu two
tin thither,'
Malacca i'
."ips fMing
ttioned thti
id (hid th^
MS Well- "as.
ipaii. ' ■*
uf" L«f-
the lite of
•ticrt witW-
tril<iutu tW"
ook tme c<P
an the ()tk'
rgoe* con«'

i+th, «■
whkh ths
l»,ahd'On'
. adniii^l,'
elf an^ hit'
(hould be'

frefll CoU- An cnpare-

ib ipuclinient wtt'.i .

ards, andSl""""^'-
n this ert-'
dh w» IB-

iVjfidts'fcx'C

Ic by their

fomo hun- .
>u! partly

JittvntJ, and ktuchd in thi head afiir thi fight was
ovtr."

After this engagement the Dutch fleet failed for
Borneo, i8o miles from Manilla, lying in the 5th de-
gree of north latitude. Here they arrived on the 26th,
and putting into a large bay, fent to aflc the king's
permiflion to trade therr- i but that prince would en-
ter into no treaty with them, till ho wasfatisfied they
were not Spaniards; afterwards they trafficked for
pepi>cr with the P.itarees, a people of Chinefc origi-
nal. But at length they found that the Borneans
wanted to furprir.e them, having fitted out an hun-
dred veflTels called Praws, for that purpofc, who pre-
tended to bring them prefents from the king j but the
Dutch being on their guard, threatened them with a
difcharge of their ordnance if they did not keep off.
This tiireat had the defired effcil i and thus they
efcaped the meditated mifchief.

They found the ifland to be one of the largcft in
tliofc parts, the people all were warlike, and all ranks
going armed ; even the women were bold enough to
refcnt an affront with the point of a javelin. — Before
they left Borneo on the night of the Ath of January,
four of the natives attempted tc cut their cables, but
being difcovered and (hot at, they efcaped, and leav-
ing their praw behind them, it fell into the Dutch-
mens hands.

A Japanefe junk that they fpoke with in thcfe lati-
tudes told them of a great Dutch vcfTel which bad wea-
ther had forced into Japan, only 14 of her crew re-
maining, and which vcflel they concluded to be Veer-
hacen's admiral.

Having but one anchor remaining, ami the cable
very much worn, they were happy in taking a junk
fiom Jor, in which they found a (kilful pilot, of
-."hofe fcrvices they flood in great need, being fur-
■\ . ided with iflanas, and (hoals, and in an unknown
ii'.

I'hus proceeding with caution, they arrived at
Tortan in Java on the aSth, and heard tidings of
Dutch (hips at Bantham. The king of that part of
the ifland they were informed had conquered Balam-
buan, a little ille to the fouthward but a (hort time
before their arrival.

Departing from Java, they fleered for the cape of
Good Hope, and in their way faw a Portuc;uefe vef-
fel of 600 tons faft between the fhoals. I'his fhip
it was faid, was going to Amboyna, in order to engrofs
the trade there.

Having left Java on the N. E. they proceeded on
their voyage, and on the 24th of April at night they
faw a light which they reckoned to be about four miles
north-weft of them, which much furprifcd them as by
account they were 36 leagues from land. But tlie next
day they found themfclves in 34° 45' S. lat. the wea-
ther being calm. At night they faw a light, and the
next morning they difcovered land to the north-eaft
of them, which was the Cape of Good Hope.

From thence they fleered for St. Helena, where

they arrived on the 26th of M.iy, and ha\ lug relVtfhvd i£oi
themfclves with what the ifland aflordtd, they dc- *■ -v *
parted on the 30th, and again crolTed the Line, In
their way to Holland, where they arrived in fafety
in two months and fourteen days, cafling anchor
before Amflerdam, on the 26th of Augull.

The fleet in which Scbald de Wcrr w;i3, of whom
we made mention, confilted of five fliips^ called t'"- i^'j")"", °'
Hope, the charity, the Faith, the Fidelity, and the ^^,|,'',|^^,^"i, .j._
Good News; Sir Jaques Mohu, was the admir.nl, jitiun.
Simon dc Cordes, the vice-admiral ; Benninijham
Beckholt, and Scbald de VVcrt were captains ot the
other vcflels. They fet fail from Amilerdani June
27. 1598.

The admiral dying, when the fleet had reached the
Cape Verd ifles, Simon de Cardes fuccccdcd him in
the command. From thence they proceeded to Gui-
nea, with intention to trade. A French failor came
on board them while they were on this coafl, who
olFcring to do them fervicc with the Negro king, Sc-
bald lie Wert was fent to his majcfty, whom they
found feated on a throne about a foot high,,ind drcflcd
in fomething like a gaudy fuit of livery. But the
place was barren of provifions, fo that the admiral was
obliged to dine upon his own, under the pretext of
(hewing his majcfty his country fare, to whom h'.'.
drank in Spanifn wine ; and this great prince found
the liquor fo agreeable to his palate, that he drank
till he was carried away aflcep. Two bufTaloes, a
boar, and a few fowls were all they could get there ;
fo they left the place on the 8th of November, and
after touching at Annabon, failed for the ftreights of
Maghellan in the beginning of Jdnuary, and entered
them at Penguin Ifland, on the 6th of April.

Having anchored in a bay 54° fouth, on the 15th
of April, they remained t'.iere till the 23d of Auguft,
in the courfe of which time, they loft 100 of their
companv. On May the 7th, while they were em-
ployed in taking gudgeons, tliey were attacked by
fome of the gigantic favages, whom they repulfed
with their (hot, killing fome of them ; which they
afterwards revenged by the death of three Dutchmen.* '
Some of the natives of thefe inhofpitable regions dc- '
faced a monument left by the admiral of a fociety in
which he was engaged with fix of the principal per-
fons} which was ctlled The Fraternity of the Golden _,

Lion; and likewifc pulled the dead out of their grave-. ' ' '' " '
and horribly difinembered them. They left the
ftreights on the 3d of September, but were feparateil
on the 7th, Captain de Wert was obliged to ftay, the
Faith and Fidelity were alfo left behind, and in the
midftof ficknefs.tempefts, and unnumbered difKculties
reached the ftreights, where they met with admiral Van
Noort, whofe fituation did not put it in his powe^'ttj .
relieve his diftrcfTed countrymen. At laft they had'-
the fatisfa£lion of leaving the ftreights on the 22d of •
January, 1600, and arrived in the Maes, on July
14, i6oi.t

.)■-.' .

THE VOYAGE OF GEORGE SPILBERGEN.

: aililiiial
lil^ iiuni liic
>xvl.

THIS admiral, with a fleet of fix fhips, failed
from the Texcl on the 8th of Auguft,-and paf-
fing the Canaries on the nth of Oflober, fteercd for
the coaft of Brafil, which they came in view of on
the 13th of December, and on the aoth of the fame
month, came to the Ifland of Grandes ; on the 30th
one of the (hips in company called the Hunter,

,yiag tp|th*
dij-.uiti^t

* According to tke Dutch> the weapons which tiiefe faviers
ulctl, u'cie darts, with heads tke rokglincl't of which rerembled
I.1US, (o that tlierc wat na relief for a pcifua hurt by udc of
tliem till it was cut out of tlie wound.

engaged with the five barks of Portuguefe and Indiana
as they heard by the firing, and prefently came up to i^' +

help her; but a frefli fupply reinforcing the enemy, *~— v— '
the Dutch were obliged to flieeroft". Lying ftill be-^i,|. „!„;,,!
fore this ifland, a confpiracy was difcovered, for which fai^ rrom ilie
two perlbns who were found guilty, were executed in Texel.
tl\c beginning of the new year. After they left this

place, ; .,

t In the courfe of their voyare they difcovered three ifiandj
without the Strcigliis, to which they gave th« nunc of the Sebal<
dins iOcs.

r !i i: V o Y A cj L s (> )'

iCi:

A mutinv.

plact, they AiilcJ to St. Vincent, ;in<l took a biirlc
which they burned ; i8 Purtugiu'lc- wliom they iiad
made prifoners, being rcfuleU by tlicir cdiuitrymcn
to be exchanged for ;i fmaller number uf Dutchmen
with fome goods token in the prize which were ofilred
into the bargain.

After having weathered a dreadful ftoim on the 7th
of March, huMing on their courfc, a mutiny on the
2lft broke out, which was quelled by the command-
ers. They ciitercil the Sireiglits of Maghellau on the
a4th of the fame month, but the wiiuls and tides
forcing tbem out again, they could not re-enter till
the ad of April. In the latitude of 54, degrees, they
gave the name of Pepper-Haven to a place where they
Mund the bark of the trees in tafte to telcmblc that
fpice. They trafficked with the favages, exchanging
luiives, and fuch fort of commodities for a kind of
pearl ; but thefe people foon after flew two of their
«ien, having furpnfed a company of tliem on
fliore.

At length, on the 6th of May they made gooi their
palTage into the South Sea, where they met with a
dreadful (lorm, by which they were much endangered,
as they were in fear of fplittiog on ibme illands lying
near.

Proceeding in the Pacific Ocean they came to La
Mocha, (which place had been fixed upon for a ren-
dezvous in cafe of ieparation). Here they trafficked
with the natives, whom they found to be a warlike
people, furniihod with military ftores, and enemies
to the Spaniards. Here likewiie the Dutch were
Supplied with (beep ami poultry. Coming on the
a8th to St. Mary's Ifland, they were in\'ited on ihore
by a Spaniard, but finding by the appearance of fome
foldiers, that foul play was intended, they declined the
invitation, and kept the Spaniard prifoner. Landing
afterwards, when they approached the town, the peO'
pie retired, fetting the church on fire ; the Dutch
did the (ame by the houfes ; and four Spaniards were
ilain, and two Dutctdmen wounded in a Ikirmifh.—
Here they t«ok 500 flteep and fome poultry, and af-
terwards (aikd to meet three Spaniih vcflels which
they underftood werefent out in (^nefi of tlvem.

After having pafled Arica, on the 2d of July, and
on the i6th t^cn a fltip with fome valuable commo-
dities on board, they were met by the royal fleet of
Tlie Sptniardi Peru, of eight fail, commanded by Rodrigo de Men-
fca-"V '" * ''"'"» w*"<* **'!^ encaged, funk the vice-admiral and
*' ^ "' one of tlieir Itups oulol the St. Francis, totally de-
feated the enemy, and fo mnch dami^cd the admi-
ral's (hip, that (he 3AC0 went to the bottom, after
the fight was over. By this naisfortune the king of
Spain ]o& a vaft fum expended on the fliips and
their preparation. The commander i» chief died of
his wounds, and it (cems that '• all the Spaniards
who were not killed iir the fight or drowned in the
fca, wtrt difpauhi4 iy tbt Duhh, who, on their part
had 40 men flain, and 58 wounded. After this fight,
the fleet (ailed for Callion dc Lima, in purfnit of the
Spaniffa admiral's ihip, not .tpprchending that (he
was funk at fra. Purfiting their conrfe for Callion
<le Lima, the Spaniards (hoc at them from the fhore,
snd were very near finking one of the Dutcli vcfTels,
called the Hunter, with a 36 pounder, having an
army ofhorfc and foot on fliore, which the viceroy
himfelf commanded.

On the 8th of Auguft they came to Payto^, where
they landed- 300 men, after having battered it with
their great guns. The people, natwithftanding the
fircngtb. of their fortifications, li.id fled to the moun-
tains, taking their property with tlienv fo that the
Dutch found nothing but bai-e walls left tlieni.
Of the Spanilh dominions in that piart of America,

, , Pedro de Madrieo, of Lima, had anxn them the
State of the r 11 • ?

Spimftd, mi- '""O^ire account.

BinniinAme. " That Peru, Cwli, aou Terra FirnM, were

rica, under the command of one and the fame viceroy,

which office was continued for fix or eight years

— that the profits of it were 40,000 diuat', per

annum; with icoe poios' for the cxti^iorJiiury ex-

jmiicc. (it' eiitcrtaininonti m th,- ;V:i;ls of Chrii^mai,
Kpipliimy, &r. aiul liicrwilc Killer; a;id 2000 jitegt*
|)cr iiiiiiuni, whfii he let out tlw fil\ .r fko:, — 'Diat
the vicirtiy livttl in .ill the pomp liud flate ut a kin;:,
iiot llirrlitg out williout lii:> t>'iia,\l 1.1I ,)cnii<>iict>, iiitd
if he wont far, he wa> waitcj uii by 100 liuices, aiii
50 inulkcts. — 'I'liat there wcir jii I'rfii.Tina, Ciiiiti*,.
Carlos, and Lima, ciilaili courts elected loi- the
judging of all taulLs, tivil and ctimuia!, appeal Ik-inj
made to the Oviidorcs iu civil matter^, and to tliu
Alcaids in cnminni, both which otii.:ei were lup-
portcd by a yearly (lipend of 3C00 pcr.ues j ai;U tijerc
was a filth court of this nature too, eftablilhed in
Chili. — The city of Lima (the city of Kings) w.ig
honoured with the refidciicc of the viceroy aiid tlu;
arch-bi(hop ; it ftaiuls in a pleafant valley, extended
a mile and lalf in length, and three quarters in
breadth, and was then reckoned to contain 100,000
inhabitants, beftdes foreign merchant!). It had four
large market-places, and a circado filled with acco
Indian artificers.— It had plenty of large buildings
dedicated to religion, and other pious ufes : here were
thechnrchcs of St. John, St.Marcellus, St. Scbaftian,
and St. Ann. The nionaderius of St. Francis, St.
Dominick, St. Augulline, and of Our Lady de Lm
Meriedes, each of which hhd two cloiftcrs of friar*
of their order, and no Icfs than 250 religious within
the hounds of every confiderable monaftcry. There
were two colleges of Jefuits } the five nunneries of
the Incarnation, Cunceptioiv, Trinity, St. Joicph,
and St. Clare. 'I'he hofpitals of St. Andrew, for the
laity V of St. Peter, for the clergy j of St. Ann, foe
the Indians i of Charity, for women only ; of S.
Spirito, for failors ; and of S. Lazaro, for incurable.
1 here were likewifc in the city two colleges, th«
King's College, and that of S. Tonne ; in the former
24(ludents were maintained by the king, and in the latter
as many by the arc)i-bi(hup. There were reckoned
aoo dociors of all faculties here, 400 matters of arts,
and 1000 inferior (ludeuts. Here were alio the king's
treafury, and a court of inquiAtion ; befules the grand
office of the crufada, or court of the pope's bulls,
with officers and peufions proportionable to the for-
mer. Tliere were reckonal in die city, and the
fuburbs of it, above 20,000 (laves ; and it was de-
fended by a garrifon of eight companies of foot, and
as many of horfe. Sititatc two leagues from the lea,
the walls uf it were wafhed by a river, that fon--
timcs fo much fwelkd by great rains, as to carry
away the ftonc bridge of nine arches. The Indians
who lived here we/c free as well as the Spaniards,
only they paid every fix months, twa pezocs, alfu
a hen, eight rials, and a piece of cotton or vvo<illen
cloths. 'I'he next port of Lima was Callao, in which
were about 800 inhabitants. — He added, tlu i Potofi
wras liunous for its filvcr mines, and there was a good
trade thither from Arica, of bcalh, wheat, meal,
maize, and axicoca, au herb for chewing : and for
carriages they made ufe of a fort of fheep, that were
formed fomcthing like camels. 'Ilicre was a defccnt
of 400 (teps down into the mine, in which, as dark
and deep as it was, there were above 20,000 Indians
continually zt work j and 100 more employed in
grinding and carrying, and other things relating to
the filver trade. This plate was fo col ., that nothing
would grow for four leagues compafs round about,
but a certain herb, which thev call ycho. It w.i»
reported too, that in Potofi (befidcs the other inha-
bitants) there were 1500 gamertcrs, that lived merely
by their wits, and were obliged to a pack of cards for
maintenance. That not far Trom thence was Chuqui->
faca, adorned with religions houfes like Lima, .tnd
had a bilhoprick worth 30,000 ducats per annum.
That at 70 milrs diftance l.nv the filvcr mine called
Knu'o i and about 180 Spani(h kagtus dilbnt wat
the fair haven of Aiica, in the way to which lay
many villages well inhabited— —That there was r.no-
ther filvcr mine, as cold as Potofi, that lay near
Puna, called Cliocola Choca, about which lived ;soo
Spjniard>->— — I ha( Cufco hai) a bi(Lop, iiiank'>,

uid

WILLIAM CORNELISON SCHOUTEN

and two colleges, with fome 6no ftudcnts, and 6000

Spaiiifli inhabitants That Arequippa had about

aooo Inhabitants, ami was honoured with tho reft-

dcnce of a bi(hop, and a corrigidorc That St.

lago was the chief city of Chili, which was cnrichtd

with a gold mine That Baldivia was celebrated

for the fanu', and Coquinibo for its plenty of brai's—
That Auroca was no very rich town, but it was dc-
fended by a tort, in which a company of Spaniards
always lay in garrifon. , , . , ■

They took two ftrangc birds of the eaelc kind in
the ifland called Leubes,and an Indian vcfllT, by which
means a quantity of dried fifti was added to the pro-
viiions of the company. They put to fea again on
theziftof Augull, and on the 23d anchored before
Rio de Tumba. Afterwards they intended to put
back to the I(le of Coqucs, in latitude 5» louth
but could by no means attain their end. A continu-
ation of bad weather left their fhip at the mercy of the
elements : and it was not till the ift of October that
they anchored in the haven of Acapulco.
I „ Here a flag of truce being hung out, they traflicked

hey traffic ^.^^^ ^j^^ Spaniards, receiving provifions in exchange
udUtLim*. for prifoners, and, what was remarkable enough, the
' viceroy's nephew Hernando, came on board to take a
viesv of his enemies (hipping. Sailing from Ikiicc
they took a bark intended for the pearl fifhery, and
anchored in a port in the latitude of 19" north on
the I ft of November : after an engagement with the
Spaniards on the nth, they failed for the Nativity,

where having; got what rcfrcflinHUt they wnnfed, tb.y
departed 1:1 tile 20th, lUeriiv; I"'' 'he l-adronos, whi-
ther the)- ramc on the j ;d o» Ja-ui.iry.

On the 7th of February they nriiv»<l at thi- l.i-
drones, whire tliev found th« lildial.* H-nvilJiii;. t>
trade with ihem, (lei.aule they knew them not to ho
Spaniards; and after h.iviii^ taken levcial Ivirks iti
thefe Teas, they h;,ld on theircoiirfe home ward-', p:<l-
(in^ bv Mindanao, bur not coming clofe in with iho
liiorti.'for fear of the dangerous ihoais upon tWU
co»ft^». ' ,,

Thus priicctdirior, after touching at Tcihatp, the
iDutch fleet came "to J.vatrn on the"" 15th of Seprein-
■ber, wlkrc tlin vellcls were refitted, when thev iin-
derftood that tliey wi.re in no danger from tlie Sp.'.iiilll
fleet lent before to the iVIoluceas, the pre^iaratioii of
which had taken up four years, as the admiral was no
more, and the Ihips li.id retired to (ho Manillas. Here
they mot fomc (hips of their own country full of
Spaniih treafiire ; and on ihc 20ih of t>i3ol)er fell in
with the Concord, a Ihip of Home, which wiis joined
to their little fleet. The Nall'iu came to Baiitham
from Mocha, on the lothof November, aud on tho
I2th nf December the Aniftcrdam, and the Middle-
burgh, came thither from the Streights of Malacca.
The admiral fettinsr fail with thefe, touched at St.
Helena on the laitday of March, ant! having com-
pleated his voyage, arri'veil at Zealand in the month
of July, 1616. '

..-,1?

Tlicv arrive al
Zcii'.a x\.

THE VOYAGE OF WILLIAM CORNELISON SCIIOUTEN,

- r- - . '. Vv,.., ,-;■_, OF HORNE. ■ n' .>,-.-^- •-...-■., .

. T^HIS voyaM was undertaken on the ideas only

' '5 X of Ifaac Le Maire, a merchant of Amfterdam,

and William Cornelifon Schouten of Home, that
there was yet another paflage tu be found to the
South Seas befides that difcovered by Maghcllanf. For
the purpofe of making this experiment, tw6 (hips
were equipped, called the Unity, of 360 tons, and
65 men, the one commanded by the adventurer,
whofe voyage is the fubjcdl of our relation, the other
called the Home, of no tons, of which John Cor-
Iclioutcn "n-|^j|j|-^jjgj.|^Qyjg|^^2j|^j|jf|,|. Being properly provided

with guns, ammunition and provifions, the Unity
came to the Tcxel on the 27th of May, and her
confort joined her on the 3d of June, 1615. From
thence they proceeded on their voyage, touching in
their way at Dover, and having failed by the Cana-
ries, palfed the tropics of Cancer on tlic 15th of
July. Anchoring at Cape Vcrd, they procured a
fupply of fre(h water, and departed on the firft
of Auguft, and on the 21ft of the fame month made
the high land of Sierra Lcona. And, after getting
clear of the (hallow.-!, anchored at the iflaml of Ma-
ri>c fleet drabomba, which the Dutch delVribe as full of bogs,

times to Ma- and mar(hcs, a h.abitation for wild beafts, where they
liiliuiiilja. live unintcrruptetl by mankind. F'om ilicnce they
came before the village in the road <'f Sierra Leona,
where, having given a pledge for theirgooti intentions,
the natives carried on a traflic with them, and the
woods on (hore luruKhed the cicws with lemons in
abundance.

The (liips failed from Siena Lcona, on the 4th
of Odlobcr, and the next day, being in 4' 27" fouth
lat. a (Irange incicfent happened, which ts thus re-
VoL. I. N»5.

♦ In ihcfc pirts [htir bcft prufocft was nnihinf, l>ut a raii^c
of liills covciiil witli ice. Tliey law a vaft iiuaiitii ,' :)f penguin:,
and (uch numhcrs of whales that tlicy wctc obliged 10 be very
cauticusin their (Icerage, Idl they Oiould run fojl of their en-
ormous bodiei.

t The Itaics of Holland hid fotbid^lcn all tiieU diips, (fil-

iated : " This day at noon they were furprifeJ
with a violent ftroke given to one of their ihips in A nrjrign
the Jowcr part of it. No adverfary appeared, no rock '""• " •
was in the w.ay to be encountered with j but while
this amufcd them, the fea all about them began to
change colour, and looked as if fome gicat fountain
of blood had been opened into it. Tliis fuddcn alter-
ation of the water was no lefs furprifing than the
(hock fuftaincd by the (hip. But of the ca^ife both
of the one and of the other they were equally igno-
rant till they had come to Port Defire, and had there
fet the (hip upon the llrand, in order to make her
clean. Then they found a large hornj both in form
and magnitude rclembling an elephant's tooth, kick-
ing fait in the bottom of the ihip : it was a firm,
fmooth, and folid body all over, there being no cavity
or fpungy matter in the midft of it, but all over ^.<
compacl and denfc a fubftancc as it appeared in the
exterior parts. It had pierced through thice tlout
planks of the (hip, and razed f ne of her ribs." Ir
was afterwards concluded that thi^. horn which hud
entered half a foot into the veflel's bottom, leaving
as much more on the outfidc, had belonged to fon^.e
monftrous f.fh, that having m.ade an afiault upon
the (hip, was unable to withdraw its weapon, which
breaking in the attack, occafiontd fuch an effuficn of
blood as difcoloured the furroundlng ocean.

On the third of November they law Afcep*ion
Ifland, and the compajiy having been apprifed of
the defign of this voyage, to which before they weic
Itrangets, the vellels Iteercd for Port Defiiv, but
when they came to 4.7'40 ' fouth lat. milling the chan-
nel, they failed into a crooked ba)', which fiom ihe
P imm-

ccpc lucb as iicloH'^ed to the Kail liu\\.\ cunipanv to pnfs to the
irilics, tiilwr by the Cajic of <iuo.l llo^ ur the brrei^Iiti nf
ALi^hcllan, which piohibiiioii let ihi; i;ivet!iion of iomc to
wotK tolind'tnothet iinflage. It Maire jn'l our advciauicr, in
conluqueutc ot tucb a notion enteted on this (cheme, and the
Ultei einbitkcd iu ihi; oxjtihiiun.

THE VOYAGE OF

numhcr of rmelt« taken there, they called Smelts Bay,
and there they were near lofing the Unity. But this
danger part, they anchored in the haven of Port Dc-
fire, on the 8th of November, in zo fathom water,
but the ground being flippery ftoncs, the thips drove
from their anchors, and both were likely to be loft,
the Unity lying with her fide on the clifts, and the
horn being ftuck in fuch a manner that a pcrfon
might walk under her at low water. Yet a flood and
favour&ble weather brought them both off, beyond
the expeAation of thofc on board. The next d^y (bey
proceeded farther up the river, where they found
abundance of fea mews, and turniflied themfelves with
fome thoufands of the eggs of thofe birds. Two djiys
afterwards they faw oftrichcs and a kind of harts upon
the coaft,and, according to the report of thefe voyagers
fomc burial places were found wherein were depolited
bones of an unufual fize, which apparently had be-
longed to the gip;antic natives of the country. And
here while they were endeavouring to clear the horn,
burning reeds under her bottom, uic took fire by ac-
cident, and was totally confumed ) the guns, anchors,
and iron-work, however, were faved and put on
board the other veflel.

On the 1 5th of January the Unity failed out of Port
Defire, but being becalmed, was obliged to anchor
before the haven, which Schoutcn left with the firft
fair wind, in order to profecute his intended difcovery.
On the 20th he faw btcencrofs Drive, and being 20
Ic-igucs to the fouthward of thcMaghellanic Streights,
by account, ftecrcd fouth by weft, and the next day
faw land to the weft and weft fouth weft, and after-
wards to the fouth i and the north wind made them
take in their top-fails while they were Iving by an
eaft fouth eaft courfe, to get above the land. Coming
clofe with the fltorc to the eaft, on the 25th, they called
it Staten Land, and to that which lay weftward they
gave the name of Maurice-Land. The land upon
the fouth fide of the paflagc at the weft end of Maurice
Land, appeared to tend weft fouth weft, and fouth weft,
being a craggy ftioreas far as was within view.

Tnus proceeding they found thcmfelves in a fair way
forfuccccding in the diftovery, which wasat length put
out of doubt by obferving the high land to the fouth
of the ftrcights of Maghcllan to end in a point or
cape, to which they gave the name of Cape Home,
and laid it down in 59° 48 ' fouth lat. and the ftrcights
they had failed through were termed the Streights ofLc
Maire, who, as we have faid, failed with^chouten
upon the expedition. Having loft fight of land, they
perceived a large fwcll from the fouthward, and a
bluenefs in the fea, that indicated the conflux of
thofe two mighty nccans, which here meet one ano-
ther and extend their mighty arms to circle the vaft
continents of this h.nbitable globe.

During their paflagc through thcfe new difcovered
ftreiahts they had a fcries of blowing wrather, and a
fog./v air, and when they loft fight of land were ftill
foKcd to encounter with heavy gales. But having
fiirmoiintcd all thefe difficulties, and gone .is far as
5g' 25" fouth, they were at length enabled to hold a
northward courfe, and on the 12th of February had
the latisfaiftion of feeing the Maghellanic Streients to
the ealtward of them, on which they celebrated their
fiirccfs in a cup of good wine, and prefently forgot
all former difliculties.

Kiom hence they refolvcd tofteer for Juan Fernan-
dez, which they reached on the ift of March, at
noon, and reckoned it to lie in jT 48" fouth lat.
bi4t though they were picafed with the appearance of
the land, yet not being able to bring the fliip up to
an anchor clofe by it, they departed, having taken a
quantitv of fifti, and fupplied themlelves with frefh
water. Having paflid the tropic of Capricorn, on the
3d of April, at which time the flux raged among
them, on the nth they came to an ifle, to which
they gave the nan>e of Dog Ifland, lying in 15' n''
fouth. Their only refrelhment here was fome herbs,
and they n.-imed the ifland after a fet of animals like dogs
(probably of the Peruvian breed) which could neither
6

fnarl nor bark. «' On the i4tli about fun-fct (fayj
our account} tht-y came within a league of a large low
illand, from whence a canoi? advanced lo meet thcm^
the men naked, with long black hair, and their bodiej
of a reddilh colour. They made fijjns to the Dutcli
to come aftiurc, and called to them in their language^
and though they anfwcrcd them in their own, 3io
Spanifti, Molucca, and javan tongues, yet the In-
dians undcrftoixl them not ; fo that both fides WLrc
in the dark as to each others minds. When they jrot
up to the ifland and founded, they found no bottom,
neither was there any change of water, though they
were within a mulket fliot of the Ihore. Here the
Indians and they had another unintelligible confe-
rence, hut the former couUi not be perfuudeJ to ccrac
up to the ftiip by any figns the Dutch could make to
invite them to it, as neither would tlie Dutch go
afliore to them, though ftill they kept pointing, while
neither fide underftoud one word that was fpoken by
the other.

" Sailing afterwards 10 leagues to the north-weft,
to get above the land, they coaftcd the next mornin<;
along ihore, where they perceived feveral of thole
naked people calling to them (as they gucflcil) to
land. Prefently after ojic of the canoes came towards
the fliip, but would not conic up to it, vet veiuurcj
towards the fliallop, where the Dutch and thofc In-
dians fell to their myfteriuus converfation again.

" The Dutch gave thorn beads and knives, and
leveral things that pleafed thein, which kinJncfs em-
boldened them at laft to come a little nearer the
ftlip, hut ftill they would not go aboard h.'i, but got
back into the fliallop. Neither had they any grt-ar
reafon to be fond of their company flitrc, tor they
were a parcel of ligjit-fingercd fellows, having much
the fame degree of confcicnce and horefty as tliofc
at the Ladrones. They liked iron as th; Ladronians
did, and they loved like them to ftcal it. The very
nails of the cabin windows and the bolts upon the
doors could not keep their places for them, but tlicy
would have them off; this was found to be true, by
an inftance of one of them, who had cunningly flip-
ped into the (hip, and pulled out all the window-
nails, which for fecurity's fake he had ftuck into his
hair. Nay, they were lo very impudent, that what-
ever they laid hands on was their own (tho' the owner
looked on all the while) if he did not rr«wver his
right by force. When the Dutch gave them fomc
wine, they drank the liquor and kept the cup, fo
when they threw oiita rope to bring them to the (hip,
they would neither iife the rope nor return it. Aiid
their qualities were not more odd than the figure they
made ; for (befidcs that they were all naked, except
the pudenda, which they covered with a piece of
mat , their (\f\n was all over figured with fnakes,
dragons, and fuch like vermin, which were very
fignificant emblems of their own fubtle and mifchic-
vous natures."

The Dutch having a mind to try if any thing
were to be done with them, or to be gotten in the
ifland, fcnt their fliallop with eight mufcjuctcers and fix
fvvords-mcn befides other lonipany of the fliip. They
were no fooner landed than 30 ot thcfe people 1 iifticii
out of a wood upon tlicin, armed with great clubs
.md flings and long ftavcs ; they would ha\c fcizcd
the fliallop and taken a.vay the foldiers arms; but
the mufquetccrs letting fly amongft them, kept them
from the fin of robbery at tl1.1t time, and forced them to
be honcft whether they would or not., This ifland
they called tSe Ifle without Ground, hccaufc they
could not anchor there : it w.is not brond, but long,
and full of trees, which the Dutcl» gucflid to be co-
coas and palmettos. It wns a white, fandy ground,
and lay in 15" fouth, about a hundred le.igues from
Dog Ifland.

Leaving thefc people, whofc language they could
not undcrftand, and of whofe manners and niorah
thev had fo bad a fpecimen, the Unity departed, and
in her courfe pafl'ed two idands, to one of which they
gave the appellation of Water Ifland, on account of its

low

William cornelison s c h o u t e n.

low and marfliyfituation.nnd named the other Fly Iflantli
from a quantity of flics, which furrounding loine of
khe crew who landed and went into the woods, be-
came a mere pert to them and tl\eir companions at
their return. It was about four days before they got rid
of this plague of flies, and with an hearty good will
fet fail from I'ly Idand, where, previous to this in-
convenicncej a wild man, (which one would think
was no very extraordinary fight in thofc parts) hud
ftrucit a panic into their company.
Ithc Ditch Atthediftance of about 1510 leagues by accornt

Vkc an Indian from the toaft of Peru, in 15" 20' fouth lat. they took
Wik. a bark, the crew of which would not ftrike when two

pieces of ordnance were fired at thent, but yielded to
the (hallop with \p mufquetcers on board, moft of the
men throwing themfclvcs into the water, and the reft
with their women and children furrtndering to the
conquerors, who ufcd them well (according to their
own relation) drefled their wounds, entertained them
on board the fliip, and ftnt all that they had taken
prifoners freely back again. The bark thtfc Indians
were in, the Dutch fay, w.is formed in the following
manrtcr : " It confiAed of two canoes faftened to-
gether, in the midft of which were laid two broad
phiiks of red wood, to keep <iut the weather, and
feveral othns went crofs from one canoe to the other,
which were made very faft and clofc above, and hung
a aoo<l way over on both fides. At the cud of one of
the canoes on the (larboard fide, there flood a mail with
a fork in the end of it, where the yard lay ; the fail
was made of mats, and •' ropes of fuch ftufl^as the
fig-frails in Spain confift of. They had ncitlier com-
pafy, chart, nor any furniture, for the Teas, but only
a few fifliing hooks, the upper part of each of which
was ftoiu, and the other black bone, tortoife-fticll, or
mother c^i pearl." What was ftill more extraordinary,
Wf are told tli.it thev had no occafion for iVeflj water,
a'^, hcfidts having locourfe to the liquor of a few cocoa
niif:, not only the men and women, but even their
fniiUeft rhiiilren could drink with fatisfuflion out of
thefca whicl I flowed around them. The Dutch faw ano-
ihir of thefe barks on the nth of the fame month,
which failed fo fail, that few Kurope.ins could out go
her. That day they made two iflands, at one of
which they anchored. They reckoned it to lie in
16" 10'' fouth lat. and from the number of cocoas
IC.icoj ir«n<'. growing on the (hores, denominated it Cocoa Ifland.
Here they met with a people who feemed willing to
trade and exchange provifions and other commodities
with them ; but like fome of the other idanders in
thofe parts, they found them treacherous enough when
they had an advantage. Thefe favages afterwards
boardut the fhallop in order to take her, and laughed
at the firft difcharge of the mufquetry, but the fecond
being better diretSed, they were conv inccd of the ex-
ecution which fire-arms could do, and taught better
manners. After this they were as troublefomc in
their importunities to trade with the Chriftians, as
before they had been in their attempts to rob and mur-
der tliein. Admiring much at the fhip's ftrength, they
not only climbed up her fide like cluftering bees, but
dived uiidcr htr, and examined her bottom.

Tlie Dutch were well enough plcafed with this
traffic, which was carried on in a friendly manner, and
the king of the favages fcnt them .1 hog by the way of
prefcnt, for which he had taken nothing in return ;
his fon alfo was kindly entertained on board the fliip,
though his majefty dtcliiied comin;> in jK-rfon. Yet
notwlthftanding all this, on the morning of the 13th,
a vart number of large velfels and canoes, containing
about 800 Indians furroundcd the Dutch fhip. Hav-
ing in vain endeavoured to deceive the ChiilVians by
pretending that they came only to dire>^t them to a

'^' Oi'.c of tlie natives dcte^Vcd^ was purfucil and fcvcrely
t'cnicn liv tUc l.inj;'. oilkcts, who faicl tint vf Lis Majefty hail
kiioun ilic iiLitiir, ihc ortcndcr would have loll his litad. This
«rit much more niipjit ptdTihly he accounted tor hv the fear
wlii.-tcin tliev Oood iif the Dvitch fire ;uni-, which uas hiclithat
the l.ivg. lliuui;ti u(,rn.).:5 '.j licar ll.c oul:i»:'.cc jjo ut), and ap-

platJc where they might be accommodated, thtfc fa- 1616
vages gave a fudden onfet, the king himfelf who was > , '
prcfent, leading the way, and pulhing his vcffel fo
forcibly on to the attack, that the heads of two of
his canoes wcrcdafheil in pieces with the (hock. But
the great ordnance of the Dutch playing upon them,
as well as the fmall arms, they were glad to dcfift
from their purpole. This place the Captain called
Traitor's ifland i yet at the very next ille which hcTiaiut'j
c.ime to, he found much the fame fort of treatment, Iil«a>l-
and would have loft his (hallop but for the fpirited re-
finance of the crew.

When they came under 16° '5' fouth latitudef on
the 1 8th of May, it was refolved to (leer in fuch a
manner as to fall in fouthward with New-Guinea.
In confequencc of this refolution, they dircitcd their
courfe N. N. W. and on the 19th they (aw two iflands«
to one of which they came on the 21ft, where they
were defied by fome Indians coming in two canoes
from thediore ; but having chaftifcd the inlokncc of
thofe favages by a difcharge of their guns, which
killed two of their company, they heard no more of
them, but the next day received from their country-
men a fupply of cocoas, ubes rootSj and roafted
hogs, for which beads, knives and nails were given
in exchange. The habitations of thefe Indians, which
were full in view, were ten or twelve feet in height^
.ibout 25 in compafs, and thatched with leaves 1 thjir
bed was dried herbage, and a club made the whole of
their furniture, as well as their defence againft their
enemies. The Dutch exchanged hoftages with thefe
jieople, fending three of their principal men in the
room of fix Indians, whom they retained. The king,
who feemed to entertain an idea of good faith, caufed
.;reat rcfpedl to Ik; paid to his gucfts on (horc, and
would not fuller any of his fubjeiSls to dlfturb fuch of
tlic crew as came to water.*

But after all, there was very little to be gotten on
this ifland, as the Indians themfelves had not at that
time a plenty of hogs, for which the Dutch chofc
ehiefly to barter. And befidcs, it appeared (though
the king and his company even fet their tiaras of fea-
thers on the heads of two of the Dutchmen) )■ yet they
wanted their euefts to be gone j for they would have
bought their aofence with 18 hogs and a quantity ot
cocoas, and would have eng.tgcd them in a war with
the king of the other ifland. Though all this time
both prince and people continued their marks of re-
fpe£l to the Chriftians, kifling their feet, and laying
them crofs their necks, in token of awe and venera-
tion. The account of thefe voyagers, fays— —" The
30th was made a day of folemnities, by the coming of
the king of the other ifland to vifit the king of tliis. Strange cete-
He came with a train of 300 of his naked Indians, monies of .lie
that had bunches of green herbs fluck about tJieir mid- '"''i»"'-
dies, of which they prepared their drink : And that
he might be fure to be welcome, he alfo brought 116
liogs along with him. When thefe two princes were
within fight of each other, they began to bow and
fcraix:, and muttered out certain prayers to themfelves :
When they met, they both fell down with their faces
flat upon the ground, and after feveral very ftrange
gcftures ufed, they got up upon their legs, and walked
away to the feats provided fur them ; where, after they
had muttered fome more prayers and bowed very reve-
rently toonc another .igain, with much ado they lat down
under a canopy provided for them. And now to make
the flrangc king the more welcome, a meflcngcr was
difpatched to the Dutch fhip, to get drums and trum-
pets afhore ; fo the trumpets founded, and a march
was beat up, to the very great enterfainment of the
two kings. After this thry prepared for a folemn
banquet ; and in order to it, began to make ready their

liquor.

prifcd of the ctfe£l, y.t ran into the woods with all his courticrt,
as foon as he heard the difcharge.

t Tliefc crowns were made of red, green, and white feathers ;
each of ihc king's council had one of the doves fining by him
upon a ftick.

T H K VOYAGE OF

''jl6 liqiim rtliifh ihcv ilid ill tliiv flovciilv inaiiiur: 'I lure

*- — i—t cami-inl(itl)r|)aii.iic>atiiiii|Mii\ i.l tiTi(iu'>, » itii;lj;ooil
tjiumlity III c.iM.i, (llu-luil) oi vvhiih lli' y in.ikc tlicir
tlriiik) cikli lit' wliiim liiw liij; iiinnniil iii a momli-
Itil ol li lluy \k'^m\ t» till w tmicilaT i li.ivino, ilicwcil
it a wliilf tliiy put ll nut iif tluii iiimiilis into alarjic
woollen troiigli, am' |i(iiiail water upon it, ami Till lo
Hiiriiig and I'qiKi/.iiig it, ami liaving prilled out all
the goodncfs, thiv pultiilid it in cups to ilio two
kings. 'I'hcy were l<> civil likcwili.-, us to orter the
Dutch Ibme of it who were ready to vi iiiit at the
li(;lit of tlieprepar.itioii. As lor tlie eating part of the
ciitettainnunt, it conl'ilicd ot' ubes roots rualled, ami
hogs dre/led alter a very nkt manner. They hail
rip|icd up the bcllicii, and laken out tiicguts of them ;
and (lien putting hot Itonea into their bellies, and fin-
ging off thcoutfidc hair, uitliout anv farther ilrdfing,
or eleanfing, they were lit for tlie kind's table. They
prellnted two of thele hogs to tlie l}utch, with all
tlie I'omi ami reremrmy tlicy ul'ed to their kings, lay-
ing tlieiii firft upon their lieads, and then kiKeling
with much jiiimility, left them at their feet. 'I'hey
gave tlieni befides, eleven nioie alive; for which thiy
received a prefent of knives, old nails, and beads,—
Jhefe people were of a dark yellow colour, (Irong,
and well proportioned bodies, fo tall and big, that
the largcll amongft the Dutch would have been ;natch-
id by the lead of them. Some wore their h.iir curled,
fome frizzled, Ibme tied up in knots \ and Ibine had it
Handing up-right on their heads like hogs brillles, a
quartcrof an ell high. 'I'lic king, and lomc of his
courtiers, had long locks hanging down below their
hips, bound up with a knot or two, but the women
were all cropped dole ( and befides, were very ugly
figures, being (hort anil ill fhaped, and their brealls
hanging down to their bellies. Both fexcs went na-
ked all to the pudenda : Tlwy feemeil to be a pcopK'
wholly void of devotion, and all worldly care and
prudence, livinp; jull as the inferior animils do upon
what the earth itl'elf produced, without the folicita-
tionsof art and iiuluftry. 'I'licy neither fowed nor
reaped, nor bouglit nor fold, nor did any thing for a
livelihood, Iea\ iiig all to the care of nature, which
if it failed at any time tlicy muft ftarvc : and they had
,ns little regard to the laws of decency ani modcfty too
as to thofe of civil prudence and policy, for they made
ufe of their wives openly, in the greateft afl'tmblies ;
iven before their king too as much as they reverenced
him " In their manners, in many of"^ thcfe parti-
culars, the reader will find a llriking refemblance with
thofe of the Indians mentioned by our modern cir-
cuinna\ igators.
Htfrnc IflanJ. ' " '''"• p''"^*^ '''<•' Dutch gave the name of Hornc
Ifland, and called the bay Unity B-iy, from whence
they fet fail on the Inll day of June, and for 20 days
law no land, but on the 21ft of the lame month,
difcovered a low ifland, feme of the natives of which
came of!" in a canoe, and were in manner and ap-
pearance much like the Indians already defcribcd, ex-
cept that they had bows and arrows, which were the
firft weapons of that fort that Schouten's company
had i'xn fince their tnteriiig the Pacific Ocean. Thclc
people gave thcfe ftrangeia to underftand by figns, that
there was mere lai.d, and a likelihood ol better con-
\ enicnce farther to the weftward j and the latter fliaped
their courfc according to this information. On the
,14th tli'jy fell in with three ides, which they called tlie
(Jrecn illands, and law another on St. John the Hap-
tift's dny, to which they gave his namt. Difcover-
inj:, at the fame time very high land to the fouth weft ;
thev coniluded it to be the point of New Guinea, anil
J^nv Guinea, flood for it. Having reached it by noon, they coafted
along fhovc, and tlic ftiallop being lent to found, was
alTaulted bv the natives, as was alfo the fliijvthe next
d.iv i but the Dutch having the viOflory in both con-
' tclK, thcfe favage-, who before would not undcrftand
their figns, nor ani'wer to their kind offers, became
more intelligent and tiaitablc, ranfoming a prifoner ta-
ken in the night, at the price of 10 hogs, and fupplying
the (hangers with what they wanted by way of barter.

■Jhe DurU dipatk'd i.n tin- uFih, fli'l liiling v.-iilt
the point of this ill.;iul in vi. w, and .dfu I nv levii.il
nioie. On llu j;;tli loiiif ulin r Iiidi;;n^, mappiji-
aiiiv inoie pe.Ki.ddi' and nindLlI, caiix. to iIkim iit.
their eaiioes 1 and on the fiill of July tli^y aiuh^ircil
betweiii an illaiid .dioiit IwomiUs in tiiigth, and l'ii>:
film l.iiidof Ni w Cjiiinea.

IKie the lliip w.is furiouiid 'd b)' .bout 2^ cinoii
nianiiid willi ihnle people vslm li.id lielVue feuiied (if
lb pi.ieealiK .1 dilpolitiiii, but who iiou came lo f.y
iheir ilieligt'!i ill wai, in which lonleU, as in moil uf
the like ii^.tuii', ihe Kuroptan;. pieleiitly gaining .m
evident advaiilaiie by means of tlieir liu-.iriuv, the
aljiiilants v;^\i:. li. fiat.d, and ihe Dutch were fiilbaid
to proeeid unnioUfted. Thus continuing then cniuje
on the ()ili ihey l.iw a very liigli bill to Uk' S. S. W,
which they thoil;:ht to be the hill (jeemaimpi in liiiii-
da, but found llieir millake, loon aftcrdilcoveriii;; liiree
other hills, Ibme of which were volcanos, on which
account thc'V gave the place the ii.iine of Vulcan's
llland, " 1"he ifland (lays the writer of the voyai'.e) VoUanct.
was well inhabited, and full of ci)co:i>., but iliere
was no anchoring' there, Tlie pcojile were naked,
and extremely fearful of the Dutch, and their lan-
guage li) very difterent liom all thereabouts, lh,il
none of the blacks they [llic DulchJ had with them,
could underftand them. There appeared more ifland.
north and north weft ; but they held their courfe to
one that lay north weft by weft, whither they came
that evening. The water there they obllrvexl to b::
of divers colours, green, white, ami yellow, which
probably was the cftcifl of the mixture of Ibme rivers',
becaule it was far fweeter than the lea water, and w.i>
full of leaves and boughs of trees, anil lonie h.id biidii
and cr.ibs fattened upon them,"

The next ifland they came to, wa.s inhabited by ai'jp.u. .
people calhd Papoos, remark.ible for nothing but lluiv
ill features, which were not ai all let ufi by tin tii»-
comely ornaments of rings in their noles, lows of
hog* teeth worn lound their necks, and fueli lort of
favage finery. In ftiort, their appeaiaiice was fuch
as dilgulled even to loathing, a people not very curi-
ous in the arts of drefs, and who have never bun re-
marked for nicety of tafte .imongft the European nat inns.
The hnufes of thcfe lavages were elevated on ftakcs
.about nine feet above the ground, ,i cullom amongfl
many of the Indian nations, who live as if they were
in continual fears of a general deluge. — Leaving the
country of the Papoos, the Dutch caiiK- to another
ifland, from which they were frightened away, ni t by
the deformity of the people, but by the dear rates at
which they valueil fuch provifionsas they had todifptifc
of. And now Schouten's fleet, ftill proceeding, vet
remained in Miicertaiiity, whether they h<id really been
all this while on the coaft of New Guinea or not, the
charts not agreeing with their obfervations.

As they failed, on the 1 5 tli, along (hore of two ifland',
on which obferving abundance of cocoa lice,.;, the
captain difpatched a party properly atnitd, in the
fhallop and the boat, to procure fome of the fruit,
but, notwithftanding all the advaiiMge of their fire-
arms, thtfe were fo loughly handled by the Indi.ins, j\ (ni- r.; \t
that they were obliged to return without having cf- I'l''':'' "tr'ii!
IVdIed their jiurpole. Afterwards the fliip came to"'''* 'Ik lo-
an aiiehor at the ("mailer ifland, where a number of the '""''■
crew l.iiiJed, and burned leveral hou!'esof the natives, n,
wlio rlttrwariis came auil made peace with them, ,..,„^,i,,i > ,^
brinjrnig fruits of divers kinds, and being prefented il.».ai.
with beads and tny^, the dift'iTence waf, amicalilv ad-
jiilled. Matters- being thus aceommoiUtcd, we find,
" Thi y continued ti,iding for cocoas, banaii.a«, cafla-
iiie [ealliivi or taliadaj and papede, of the former they
got as inuili as came to 50 nutr, and t«o bur.tlics of
banana a man. This papede and calliinic arc alio
Kall-lndia commodities j and the latter j.aiticulailv
is alfo admirably good in the Weft-IndiT, and'lVr
beyond what they met witU here. The pciple iTud.-
all tlu ir bread of it, and baked it into lar^'c rriind
cakes for that purpofe. They called their own illaiid
Moa, which VIMS the mofl eafttily, the otiur, ovir

a^aiiilt

CAPTAIN D A M P I i: U.

asninft it Jufiin, and tl
from New Ciiiiiica, Ar

and the fiirthcrmoft nhout fix leaRues

■thoutcn's
in>nd.

iKircflioUrt
Icait'iiiiiakc
■felt at lea.

Th.ff people had pro-
bahly been vifitcd by fomc Kuropcans before, as they
had Spanifli jars and pots, and wcj-c not fiirprifed at
great giiMs, as the other Indians iifually were, nor fu
curio' s in looking into the (hip as ablglute (trangers
to <\i M a tliina miyht be fuppoled to be.

Proceeding by the land in a north weft they came
on the 2i(l at noon into lat. lo' 13'' north, !><\d
anchored near a cliiftcr of illands where they had tem-
pcftnous weather, and after their departure were over-
taken by fomc canoes of Indiani,' who like the for-
mer fecincd to \k 110 ftrangcrs to the Europeans j but
were larger and of a more yellow complexion than
thofe ot Moa. They brought a fruit like prunes,
cocoas, and bananas, to barter, and others brought
porcelain ware. They wore glafs beads, and car-rings,
and were armed with bows and arrows. The next
day they faw another iflc which they called Schouten's
Ifland.

On the 29th as they were holding on their courfc,
they felt a very fenfiblc (hock, which alarmed the
(hip's company, who thought no Icfs than that the
velfel had ftruck upon fome unknown rock or (hoal,
but (inding tliemfelves evidently clear of all fuch
dangers, and not being able to get ground upon found-
ing, they rcafonably concluded that it was an earth-
quake which had thus (hakcn the watry regions.
And when they put Into a great bay the next day,
the (hock wits repeated, and a moft dreadful thunder-
ftorm cnfued witn torrents of rain, which probably
brelirved them from the pernicious ciFeAs of the
lightnings that glared around them.

In this variable weather, thty had twice palTed the
equinoAial line ; and, on the third of Auguft, being
in 15" north lat. conceived that they, had reached the
cndof New Guinea, having failed 230 leagues along
the coaft.

They how faw two iflands to the weftward, from
wl'iencu came feveral canoes with tobacco, rice, and
Indian beahs. The people of ttiefe parts fpokc the
langu.ige of Teriiate and the Malayan tongue, and
fomc were acquainted alio with the S^ahi(h. Some
' were cloatntd with loofc filks aboUt their waifts, other!
wore breeches, and tht Mahometans ahiong them had
lilken wreaths about their heads, which were alfo
covered with (ine black hair, and they were extremely
fond of wearing rings of gold and filver. .Linen ap-
peared to be what they moft wi(hed to receive in ex-
change 'for ttieir commodities, notwithiltanding they
bartered them alfo for beads and toys. The people
were natives of Tidore, and this was Gilolo, as it
Vas afterwards found, though the Indians were par-
ticularly careful not to tell the name of their country.
The Dutch kept failing round the land with various
vveatheri and, on the 18th, fpoke' with the crews of
two canoes that had hurtg out a (ignal of peace*
Thefe men were of Terhate, and ij^formed them that
an Englilh' (hip, and a Dutch pinnace had lainthrcQ
months lt\ the road of ^oppy to which they offered to
condu£l the ftrangers, commg themfelves from a viU
lage which bore the fame name. On the 19th they
failed inlb a Tandy bi^y, where they bartered for In-
dian comipodities, arid (or poultry, lying about a

c«nnon-(hot from the fliorc. And about the mlil.llc ifi.M
of the next month proceeded on thiir courle to i'ci- v__^__j
nate, whither they (aw another vellil wliith proved
to he the Morning Star, failing with all expedition.
The (hallop whitti had lain in a creek with that vef-
fel reported the intelligence that 10 (hips were wait-
ing at the Manillas with a view to intercept the
Spani(h fleet that was bound for Ternate. They alfo
learned that Peter, Bot, on his return, was wrecked
with four vefll-ls off the ifland of Mauritius, only one
of the four efcapingdcftrudtion. Schouten next came Stiioutcn
to Jacatra, and paffing by the ifland anchored within J^^I^I'^'^J*"**
the harbour. Here they loft one of their crew, bein.^
the firft man that death had deprived their (hip of,
and which, with two that the Home loft, made up
the whole num jcr that died during the whole voyage.

But while the captain was here icfre(hing his men,
he little thought of the misfortune that awaited liim.
The Eaft-India Company, who looked with an en-
vious eye upon all adventurers but thofe of their own
a(rociation having (as has already been ob'erved) ob-
tained a prohibition, preventing any others from
pafling to the eaftern countries by the Cape of Good
Hope, or the Strcights of Maghellan, were not at
all pleafcd with thciuccefs of Schouten's undertaking.
In conlcquenceof this difplcalure, the (hip and goods
of this unfortunate captain were feized by order from llisniliifeizcd
the prefident of the company, coming from 3antam
to Jacatra while he lay there. It was in vain to rc-
monftrate ; he was told he might complain at home,
(the reader will imagine to how little purpofe) he was
therefore obliged to put up with the injury. His (hip's
company afterwards difpofcd of themfelves according
to their various inclinations. While fome went into
the company's firvicc, others failed for their own
country on board the Amilerd.im, and the Zealand,
under Admiral Spilbcrghen's command. And they
had been but 17 days on their voyage when Le Maire,
their principal merchant, died, .and, on New Year's
Day, the Amftcrdam loft fight of the Zealand,

They doubled the cape on the 6th of March, and
made St, Helena on the 31ft of the fame month, \rhcrc
they again f nind and joined company with the Zea-
land. On the 24th of April they palTed the .eqiii-
noftial line ; and at length came into Zealand on the
(irft of July, with the honour of having fuccceded in
the attempt, but deprived of all the" profit which
they might and ought to have reaped from the under-
taking.

The conduct of the Dutch government in this **

ca(e appears to have been as impolitic as it was
unjuft. To give fuch an unlimited encouragement
to monopolies, can never be the intereft of any com-
mercial nation, and to deprive any man or fct of
men of the fruits of their labours muft be a great bar
to check others in the courfc of ufeful improvements,
at the fame time that it (lamps indelible difgrace up-
on the ftate that authorifes fuch monftrous oppreflion.

The Hollanders, however, ill as they uled their
countrymen upon this occafion, feem to have been
proud of the difcovery ; while Schouten may be
ranked among the number of thofe projeftors, who
without ferving himfelf, has contributed to the be-
nefit bf focicty. . , -

THE VOYAGES OF CAPTAIN DAMPIER, '^>^^^ A
With the BUCCANEERS of AMERICA.

THE Buccaneers of America were a fct of people
collected generally from among thofe of low
origin, or of diiperate (ortunes, who from fmall be«
sinnings rofc into fome confequence in naval hiftoryi
being rather famous, however, for the mifchiefs which
they did the Sj^^'iards in the new world, than from
any benefit that Europe received froni them, or indeed
Vol.. I. N'6.

for any profit that moft of them fecured for them-
felves i their irregularities, their want of o(ficcf.
properly commi(rioned, their perpetual difl'enfions
among themfelves, often contributing to defeat their
fchemes, and generally hindering them from enjoying
without interruption, what they had haiarded their
lives to acquire, '

Q. Thefe

TT"

$♦

THE VOYAGE OF

1680 Thfff n»«n, limvdvcr, fuch a> (hey were, became

» ' a perpi'tuul |)l.i|i;uc to the Spaniards in their fcttle-
mcntt, when ( l»l lowing the cxanipk' of Drake, Ca-
vendifli, and others already mentioned) they always
found mean* to plunder and annoy. At hrft, they
fitted out only fmall veflels, but in time as their com-
pany grew Itronger, they became more daring, and
entering the South Seas, ranged the Spanish main to
the no Imall terror ot° the inhabitants.

We cannot licr<^ forbear obferving that this
W.1S one o( llic t<apfy cffeAi of the difcovery
of the American continent in favour of the Spa-
niards, who neither deferved nor well knew how
to prcferve this acquifltion to their own real advan-
tage. Inllead of growing greater, Spain fince that
xra has decrcafed in power, nor can all the gold of
Mexico and Peru, reliorc to her that weight which
ihe once hiui in the balance of Europe, whom the
difc-oveiy of America hat doubtlefs tended to aggrandife
aswcllasri'Knc, and many of whofcftates h.ivu reaped
more fulid advantages fiom it than the Spanish nation,
whofe vail fupply uf gold drawn from tliofe parts has
only made that metal cheaper on the one hand, while,
on the other, it has conKantly invited foreigners to
plunder her richcll I'ettlements on an cxtenfive coaft,
for the defence of which her greateft power has often
proved in.tdequate. — But to return totheRuK ineers:
I'hofc people generally entertained fomc uf ihc Mof-
kito men on board their veflels, of whom the follow-
ing is a true (lefcri|ition :

" I'he Molkitas are a fet of Indians that inhabit
the main between Honduras and Nicar;fgua. I'hey
are tall, well-made, raw-boned, lully, ilrong, and
nimble of foot, Ions; vifaged, have lank, black hair,
look ftern, arc Iiaru favoured, and of a dark copiter-
colourcd complexion. Tlicy arc but a fmall nation,
the fame perhaps that Drake calls Symcroi's. They
arc very dextrous at throwing the lance, fifgig, har-
|>oon, or any manner of dart, being bred to it from
their infancy ; for the children imitating their pa-
rents, never go abroad without a lance, which they
throw indiftlrently .it almoll every objedi that falls
in their way, till, by confl.int praaice, they became
ni.ifiers of the art. I'hey next learn to parry a lance,
arrow, or dart ; and the traininc of them to this ex-
crcifc is in this manner : Two boys place themfelves
at a t'mall didance, and throw light blunt lances at
each other ; one throws the lance and the other par-
ries, altern^itcly. He that parries holds a fmall ftick
in his right hand with which he turns afide the lance
that is darted at him, and by conftantly praAifinc in
this manner, they at laft become fo dextrous, tliat
they will (hoot arrows at each other, and parry them
as fad as they are (hot. This they will do with a
fmall ftick no bigger than the rammer of an ordinary
fowling-piece. Uefore thev arrive at manhood, they
become fo dextrous, that they difregard the arrows of
their enemies ; and, unkfs they are poured thick
upon them, and come more than one at a time, they
will fuft'er not one in a thoufand to hit them. They
are no lefs expert at ftrikingof fifli, and two or three of
them will, in thofc fcas, maintain a (hip's company of
100 men. I'urtlc and manatee are their principal
purfuit ; the former will commonly weieh 600 lb.
and two Mofkito men will (Irike two of them a day
while the feafon lalis, for many days together.

'I'he manatee is known alfo by the name of the fea
cow, and is ftruck with a harpoon, fo contrived by
the Mofkito men as to be thrown with a long ftick ;
but they are very cautious of difcovcring their art
even to the Englifli."

Captain Dampier who was engaged with tbefe buc-
caneers, is the perfon whofe exploits we are about to
relate, and who having circumnavigated the globe, dc-
fcrvcs a place in this department of our work. He
was dcfccndcd from a family cf good reputation in
Somerfctfltirc ) but it does not appear that4iis parents
were bleft with the gifts of fortune. At their death
he was remuvud from a grammar fchool to an EngliOi
one, where he learned writing, ice, which arc often

found more nccefliiry than what is railed 1 learneJ
education. Being alterwards placed with a mafter uf
a (hip at Weymouth, he made a voyage to France, anil
when he returned from thence was employed in the
Newfoundland iiOiery, where his ftatiun fur the fum-
mer proved not at all agreeable. But after his arrival
in England, leading what is generally termed a life of
indolence, which by no means infured the favour of
hit friends, he retired for fome time into the country.
Having at length, however, fallen again into the com-
pany of fome mariners, he was once more perfuaded
to try his fortune, and made a voyage to Bantam*,
in the courfc of which hit curiofity led him to ac-
quire a knowlege of navigation, which proved of ufe
to him in thecourfe of his future life.

The year after his return, he fpent hit time at home
chiefly with his brother, but afterwards entered on
board the Britifli fleet, then employed in the wars of
King Charles U. with the Dutch. Having been in
two engagements, falling fick, he had no part in a
third, after Itis return from which, he wat lent with
the fick and wounded to Harwich, where he remained
till the end of the Dutch war. But he no fooner re-
covered his health than he began to think of embracing
a fea-faring life again.

He was however, for fome time diverted from this
rcfulution, by an ofli'er which one Col. Hellier made
him of going to Jamaica in quality of a fuperintend-
antof his plantation. But a fix-months trial tired
him of this employment. He afterwards turned
logwood-cutter, and coming to England in 1678, went
back to Port Royal in Jamaica tne next year upon a
mercantile fchemc, by which it feeins he was a con-
fiderable gainer. It was at this time a gentleman of
the name of Hobby perfuaded our adventurer to em-
bark on a trading vovage to the Moflcito fliore, of
the natives of whicn coaft we have already given .1
particular account. Sailing from Port-Royal in Ja-
maica with Captain Hobby, they fell in with Coxen,
S?.wkins, Sharp, and fome others of the Buccaneer*
at the weft end of the ifland. Thefe having a defign
upon the Ifthmus of Darien, moft of thole engaged
by Captain Hobby, preferrine plunder to trade, re-
folved to go with them, and Dampier at laft was en-
gaged among the reft, thoush, it feems, he took tlute
or four days to co'hfider of tne matter.

Being all aereed, they put to fea foon after Chrift.
mas, and holding on their courfe towards Porto B«llo,
landed near Golden Ifland on the 5th Of April.
Captain Sawkins was chofen their leader, and the
Buccaneers, to the number of between thnx and four
hundred men, marched towards Santa Martha, on the
Pacific Ocean, which though they took, yet they were
difappointed, and confequently fell to difputing among
themfelves, and they parted company in conlcquence
of thefe contentions.

As the delign upon F'anama was looked on by
fome of the company to be worth attempting, a body
of them went forward and made an attack upon
Puebia Nova, in which attempt, however, tney
were defeated, and Sawkins their commander wast
killed ; while Coxen went to the North Siras, and
there continued his depredations. After the death of
Sawkins, Sharp wat eleAed to the command, but
the company not being pleafed with their choice dif-
placed him, and chofe Captain Watling to fucceed
him. Under his conduct an attack was made upon
Arica, which proved unfucceftfvl, and he experi-
enced the fame fate with Sawkins, falling in the ac-
tion. After this, as it was not probable that the
Buccaneers could accomplifli any of their fchemes
without keeping a proper fubordination } having had
experience of this truth, they proceeded to another
clefiion , when it appeared that fome were for re-
ftoring the former commander, while others at vehe-
mently oppofed the meafure. At length it was agreed

that

* In ihii voyage he ippeari to have bccq inly in the (t>ti«a
of a foumalt ran.

,iS ■ .-i ■: ,tfjy

CAPTAIN DaMPIER.

tKat thefe parties fliould reparatc, and it being put to
the dccifion of loti, wliicii of (liem (hould keep the
(hip, Dampicr'!! party proved unfortunate. I'hii
company confiOcd of 44 armed men, a Spanifti In-
dian, t^o Mofkito Indians, and five flavcs taken in
the South Seas. They had the (hip'ii long-boat, and
twocanoci, with two patararoeii, and feme ammuni-
tion. With this preparation and a fnuli proportion
of provifions, they undertook to fail to Santa Mar-
tha, and from thence to travel by land to the North
Sea) and having parted company with Sharp on the
13th of April, they m.ide good their landing in the
bay of Panama on the firft day of the next month.
But in the river called Santa M.irtha, up which they
were to proceed, wai a veflcl of force which had been
ordered thither on purpofe to intercept them. Ncver-
thelcfs their fituation being fuch as would not admit
of their being difcouraged at a difficulty of tKi.« kind,
they ftruck out a new track which was attended with
much trouble and danger, yet at length they fuccce<le<l
fo far ai to get fafe to the oppofite fhore. Beginning
their journey over land on the firft of May, in the
rpace of 13 days they completed their purpoli;, in
which time they travelled 34 leagues, pafling over
high mountains through unfrequented vaies, ana ford-
ing through or fwimming over deep and dangerous
rivers, or paffing them by fuch bridges as neccllity
prompted them to find out, and opportunity furnifhed
them with the means of fupplying. It isajuft obferva-
tion that there are in the mind and body of man par-
ticular powers which at certain ccnjunuuret only can
be c.illnl forth ; and this is a maxim which was never
more fully verified than in the circumftance of thefe
people, who upon a hoftilc fliore, unfurniflied with a
number of things apptrently neceflary for the un-
dertaking, and having no refourccs left but in them-
fclves, were yet found equal to thetaflcof efFe£lin^ a
paflage which fcarcely any fet of men upon the prin-
ciples of mature and deliberate reafon would ever have
thought of undertaking.

In eflTeA, they arriv^ on the north coaft, and Dam-
pier was amongft the firft of the company who reached
the promifed (nore. They immetliately embarked on
board the fliip of Captain Triftrian, a French com-
mander, and within two days joined tight other Bucca-
neering vcflcls, the adventurers who were embarked in
them, having then a defign of going on another expe-
dition over land to Panama. But the danger attend-
ing fuch an undertaking being reprefentcd to them,
they refolved to lay afide that (cheme, and to proceed
to make an attack upon Spanilh Town, up Carpen-
ter's river, for which purpofe the fliips failed fuccef-
fively. That on board of which Dampier was, ar-
riving at the place of rendezvous, found an Englifli
captam there whofe name was Wright, and who had
Iiitely taken a Spanifh tartan, that with 12 arma-
(lilloes, or fmall frigates of war, had been inqueft of
the pirates. All tnole who had come a tedious jour
ncy over land, joined in requefting him to fit out this
tartan for them, promifingftill toafi under his com-
mand, ai..' on that condition their propofal was agreed
to. As the expeflcd remainder of the fleet did not ar-
rive at the appointed time, it was juftly concluded
that they had been taken or difperfed by thearmadil-
loes already mentioned. This conclufion leaving
them at liberty to purfue their own particular dcfigns.
Captain Wright ftood for Carthagena, and being
joined by Captain Yankey, they took a prize laden
with fugar and tobacco, nnd the fliip by vote fell to
Yankey, whofe veflcl Wright took, which was better
than his own. AAer this the booty being ftiared, the
commanders parted. Captain Wright failing to the
Caracca coaft, and Captain Yankey a different way.
The former took three barks, one laden with hides,
ansthcr with European commodities, and a third
with earthen wares. Captain Yankey faf ling with one
Cook on board, who, as quarter-mafter, was to be
fecond in command according to the buccaneer cuf-
tom, having taken a Spanifli prize, he claimed the
command } in confequcnce of which, all who were fo
3

difpofed were free to join him. There were f<me
among them who h.id come over land from the South
Seas, all of whom chol'e to follow hij fortune i hur
the Frenchmen joining, plundeml the vclTel ofgoodN,
money and armn, and then left i hem on the llleol"
Vaccu, Captain I'riftrian only taking on board about
nine of them, among whom were t\w Captains Cook
and Davis, who were carried into Petit (iuavrc>, and
found means to make themfelvcs mailers of ilie Ihip,'
and failed to V-icca, where their companions came oil
board. Afterwards they made a prize of two velll'K,
with which they refolved to plunder the Peruvian
coafts. All thefe fhips arriTing at Virjjinia, Dampier,
and thnfe who Havelled over land, joined them there-,
and fet fail in the prize commanded oy Captain Cook,
from Achamack river, on the a3d of Ausuft, and
after weathering a violent ftorm came to Cape Verd,
whence, after rcfrefhing thenifclves, they proceeded
to Sal, and thence by advice to Mayo, wnerc the in-
habitants rcfufed to traffic with them on account of
the treacherous dealing of one Captain Bond, who
afterwards furrendcrcd himfelf to the Spaniards, and
taught them by fitting out fire-fhips to annoy his
countrymen. Departin;r from ih-nce they came to the
African coafts, after having got what fupplies they
wanted, they failed for the Strcights of Maghellan,
but having a contrary windj doubled Cape Home ; fit-
ter this they had a ftorm which continued from Feb.
14, till March 3. Yet by the 17th of the month they
came to latitude 48° fouth, by means of a favourable
gale. On the 19th, they met with a (hip which at
nrft they fuppoftd to be Spanifh, but afterwards found
to be an Englifh one, commanded by Captain Eaton.
Thefe vefTcIs kept company to the illaiid of Juan
Fernandez.

As foon as Captain Cook's fliip was moored, Dam-
pier was eager to go afhorc to look for a Moflcito man,
whom they had left in this illand, when they were
driven from it in the year 1681, by three Spiriiln men
of war, Dampier, being at that time in the (hip
commanded by Captain Watling, juft after Captain
Sharp was difplaccd. This man, when Captain
Watling drew off his crew, happened to be in the
woods hunting for goats ; and the (hip Was under fail
before he came back. Dampier was curiotis to know
whether this Mofkito man was yet alive, und if he-
was, how it had fared with him ; and it fcemcd that
the Indian was no Icfs anxious tc enquire after his
friend, when he perceived the (hips that were approach-
ing were Engliln (hips. The poor fellow had obfcrv-
ed them the day before when firft they came in fight,
and judging about v»hat time they would come to an
anchor, he had killed three goats, and gathered
greens, ready to drcfs as foon as the company (hoiil J
be at liberty to come on (hore. He was already upon
the beach before the (hips could be well fccured, and
was feen by one of his countrymen who happened to
be on board, and it was no fmall picafurc to mark the
exceffive ioy of thefe two Indians at their meeting.
The Modcito man belonging to the (hip wau named
Robin : he on the ifland Will. Robin was the firft
who leaped on (hore, and running to Will, threw
himfelf flat on his face at his feet, and who helping
him up, and embracing him, fell flat in like man-
ner with his face at Robin's feet, and was by him ta-
ken up and embraced as before. The furprize, the
tendernefs, the folemnity of the interview, which
was exceedingly afFciEiionnte on both fides, was ad-
mired even by the crew of Buccaneers, who were
fpcdtators from the (hips of what pafled on (here.
" When Dampier, who was his old friend, came up.
Will was no lefs tranfported with joy to fee him than
to meet his countryman, but he exprv-fTcd it in quite
another manner : other friends too he met with wmont
the crew who knew hir.', and they were all overjoyeu
at meeting fo unexpcftilly } fcr thefe men are veiy
much beloved on board he (hips wherever they fail,
for their readinefs to affift •! whatever fervice they are
put upon. When the cen-nonies of congratulation
were over, and they had (imi to make enquiries, he

tol4

i68j

'!• II i: V () Y A (i i; s <) K

U:yi

A (lel'-i'n on
TruxilloaLan'

ii'l.l ihiiiiiliii hi' rtAi fcvfral tiir.n fouglit after by ihc
.'■|iaiiijiil«, who kiiiw thai lir w^i Uri iipim lhi< iHuiul i
KcAiilc \i\ i:i thf <hi|i lit l.il lie wm* in light of the
Ihoiv, .mil V. n lent by thtiii lulcic ht muUI Itcrct
hinilill) Imt .u he wao ccnliiiu.illy upon the watih,
.iiulhail ihliovircJ a r.ifi rclrc;it, ih'-y mv>r h.iil hnii
Me |.) liiiil him. He had with hiiii, hi' Uiil, hi»
f;iiri iiiiil hii kiiit'c, a Ini.ill hem of I'owilcr, and j
WW dim. rhilo bciii.n foori li>nil, lie connived a
w.iy, by noiihing hi» kiiiU-, t'> liw the harnj i.f hit
LUii III mull |)iLii>, with whiih he made harpooni,
rmci-luadH, U(>oV>, and a lonn knilc j htntinn the
jiiccn lirll in the tiu', ivhicli he lichted after the Kiig-
iifti manner, by Hrikiiig hi* gun-flinl agaiiill the b;u;k
o( his knife : The iron, when it wa> hut, he ham-
ipcnd with (lonen, am! lormed it into variou« flia|ici> to
«hiih hi- had oiLafidii to apply it. Hy continued la-
lioiii ;ni>l perllverance, he li.id worked hinifcif Inch a
ijomplili III of iiiftrnmcnts, for killinj' .nnd catchinf;
hi< pioviliuns by land and u.iter, us I'urprifed the
piople wh«n they were hrouu'lit out for their in
(pii'tion. Hnt ((.lysDampier) it is no more than thilV
Molkitii nun are ai'ciillomed to do in their own coun-
try, where they ni.Tke their own Hflting and (hiking
inlliunu'iil*, without cither forge or anvil : and other
Indi.iii!. arc Hill more inj^enious ; for they make h.itch-
ctk of ^ very hard Hone, with which they cut down
trees, make llitir iMniH-», andfianic tlieir lioufes.

" i'uor Will had built hiinfelf a little houfe about a
mile and a half from the ftiore, which he had made
warm and convenient, by lining it with goat-(kin».
He h.id likevvife raifed hiinfelf a eoiich about two feet
above the^iound, which he had alfo made foft with
the fur of the .ininiaU he caught, and with thcdown
of the younj; birds (for he could catch no others} which
he occafionally met with and plucked. Cloalhs he
had none ; for he liad worn them to rags among the
bufln.s and br.imbles, through which he was often
obliged lopurfiic hi.s prey, lie h.id been on theifland
about thrie years, and in all that time had never con
verfed with any human bein;^. He had fecn Spani
ards, but he always took caie, after the firft, that
none of thiin Diould ever fee him."

The Buccaneers rtayed on this ifland tiH the 8tli
of April, and then faile<l towards the Equinoftial
liiu', and afterwards coalled along from the ifland of
Juan Keriiandc?. to the lOlh degree of I'ouih lalitudc.
On the jd of May they took a fliip laden witli tim-
ber ; and at the fame time learneil that tlic Spaniards
were apprifcd of their being in the foutli feas, and
where they had moll leafon to expciit their vifits, had
taken fome pains to prepare for then reception.

After having formed a jiulgment of the ftatc of
tlie coalt, from the intelligence given them by
"their pritoncrs, they determined on attacking Trux-
jlli), hut having taken certain veflels with flour bound
|() Limn, (in which they found a woixlen image of
the Virgin M.iry, and .1 mule intended as a prtfent
from the viceroy at I^ima to the prefidcnt of Panama]
as they found by a letter taken on board, that Truxillo
was fortified ; they laid afide their defign, and re-
folved to go for the Gallapagos iflands with their
prize." Accordingly they failed thither, where they
got together 500 packs of meal, which they laid up,
to fervc them forafta-florc, while thpy had plenty of
turtle to anfwer their prefent occafions.

l'"rom thence they failed for Ria I-exa, wiierc tlicy
were given to underlfand there was much treafure to
betaken. An Indian prifoner proniifed to condudt
tliem thither, to whofe fineerity thcfc adventurers
thought proper to trult, with a ilefign, however, to
touch at theifland of L'ocoas, in 5' 40' fouth lat.
vliere they meant to jlepofit fome part of their meal,
one of the (toutcft fljjps which had it on board being
taken with them for "their purpofej but they were
forced to (leer for the continent, not being .ible,
with all their fltill, to reach the intended port, and on
tlieir way loft Captain Cook, whofe death difcon-
cei ted them, and whom they rcfolvcd to bury in
Cvldcra Bay.

Anchoring there, whiti- fonie of the rrrw wfre
digging the grave, llitie Iiuliins eiiltiid iiitu difioiirl«
with tlieni, who iieiil;; alteiU.itils fei/cd on, |>invid
to be Ipiis lent from a low 11 .itioiit (ti miUs ifill.int.
'ruriiinu tills .ittilice of tlu Sp;iiii.iiils u|>oii them-
felves, ilie mariners dHcoveud, afiir a clofe exami-
nation th.il tile viry men who hail bun feiit to
watch their aiilions, weie capable of direilin;' them
to a fpot where plenty of live cattle nii|;lit lie idi-
tained. — It is eafy to conceive tlijt iliii piece of in-
telligence was altemled to, and accordingly one of the
prifoiurs being pitched on for a guide, 24 of the com-
pany fet out upon the ex|iedition, the fueccfs of
which will be feeii by tile following lirief account :

" After a march ol about four miles, they came
in fight of a .Savannah, where number* of cattle were ''"l'« '"'"••
feeding I of which fome [very wifely] were Cir kil- "'■'^' ■•'''' '"
ling ai many as tiny could cany away, whillt others""*""^"''
were determined to (lay all night, with a view- to
drive them into the pens, in oidei to fuj>ply the fliips
at onee, lielore the owners were .ipprileil of the de-
fign. This niolution feeniing puvaleiit, Dampier
with ni.iiiy of the company withdrew, taking the
Indian guide back with them.

" In the morning when tliefe drovers were ex|K'dUJ
to return with the cattle, none came ; anil as it w:is
confei|ueiitly feared fume difafter had befallen tlieni,
the bo.its were manned and fent out to look (or them.
As they were rowing along, fome of the company
efpied a number of [icople wading up to the middle
in water, and approaching them, (oon perceived that
they were tile very pcrl'ons whom they were in que(l
o(, and therefore made all hafte to take them on hoard. T|,ty ,„ ,,.
H.id they not iKcn thus efpied in time, they muft inliivid,
nil probability have perilhej, as the tid.- would h.ivc
(wallowed them up in the fpace of an hour. It feems
that thcv hail been fulTered to Hi cp all night unirio*
lefted i but, in the morning, wh n they were licattereJ
about amoii;^ the cattle, and driving them 10 the pen^j
were furpriled by the (udileii appearance of about 60
Spanilh foldiers, well armed, who placed themfelves
in a convenient lituation to cut oft" ttieir retreat.
Alarmed at this unexpc^led ambulh, they made hade
to join in a body, relolving to fell their livts Jiar if
the;' fi, ind it impolTible to make tlieir efcape. Ac-
cordingly, they looked round them, in order to dif-
co.er an opening to fome other part of the fliore than
that .igainil which their fliips rode, at tin- Came
time giving the enemy now and then a volley of fliot
to keep them at a diftanre. 'I"he Spaniards, generally
not over eager to come to a clofe eng.igemmt, kept
tliemfelves Iheltered behind the buflies, difcharging
only fome r.andoni (hot at thofc who retreated, wnich
luckily did not take nlace. In this cautious manner
the fmall band flowiy proceeded tow.irds the beach
« here Captain Cook hail been buried. Then look-
ing about lor their boat they, faw her in flames by
the water's fu!e,\vliere they'liad grounded her the
night before. Their hope of retieat now appearing
to be i|uite cut off, the Spaniards with a view to
make Cure of their furrendcr, having polled them-
felves in (uch a manner as to cut olF all communi-
cation with the (hips, this little company conceived
themfelves to be devoted to dcflru^lion ; when for-
tunately, they efpied a rock juft rifing above the
water, at the diflance of .ibout ico yards from the
beach. Reioiceil at this fight, they all iletcrmined
to commit themfelves to the mercy ot' the ocean [tlieir
caufe was (carccly gixxl enough to depend on that of
Hfavtn] rather than to fall into the hands of the
Spaniards. With this rcfolution they rufhed all to-
gether into the tide, holding faft one by anotlier,
and determined that if. one wai loft all fliould perilh.
In this manner they i..ached the rock, where they had
continued (or fevcn hours, when they happened to
be difcovered (in the manner already related) and
their companions were lufFered by the S|)aiiiards to
releafe them without the latter firing a gun.

This W.1S indeed a Iqcky efcape, but the Bucca-
neers could not forget that it had been a vain attempt

t«

■row \v»re

I ilifiiiiiif*
II, JiloVtJ
k% iflll.Ulf.

Hill iluin-
iifc cxnitii-

II fciit to
;lin" ihtin
j.lit'lic nil-
iitf nf in-
line i<( tlie

if ihecoin-
I'luccf* "f
f jccmint ;

lluy came
tattle were T1..IHKCI.

i-.K i;i "•■"'■ '"" '" ■'

,'hilll Others

I a vlnv tu

ily the fliipt

(if tlie (k-
;, Dampicr

taking the

crc ixjicfltJ
11(1 iiK it \v:i'.
fallen tliini,
lie lor thcni.
he com|i:iny
J the nuJdli-
LTCcivid tlut
'cre ill quell
I'm on hoard. Thev »ro "
they mull inlitn-il.
; would have
ur. It fcems
night unmo-
vtre rcattcrcJ
n ic/ the |H'n?,
of about ()0
cd thcmfelves
tlurir retreat,
cy made hallc
livts dear if
tfcapr. At-
ordir to dif-
he fliorc than
at tlie fame
volley of fliot
■iK, miievally
gcniint, kept
diftharu

CAP IAIN UAMPlfeR.

rtharttine
il, whieli

atcd
ious manner
ds the beach
Then look-
in flames by
nded her the
ow appearing
; a view to
)oftcd thcm-
1 comnmni-
ny conceived
when for-
iig above the
rd« from the
II iletcrmineJ
c ocean [ tlitir
nd on that of
hands of the
rufticd all to-
by another,
Ihould perifh.
irhcre tbey had
liappcned to
related) and
Spaniards to
Tun.

t the RucM-
vain attempt
t*

to romc .11 what, by iliit time they flood in greai need
of I but they durlt not hixird a lecond cnierprif e of
_. „!„„. Ihni nature, and therefore weighed anchor, a^nd failed
Luro'jt Ri« for Ri« I-txa, \vhirh in known by a high peaked vol-
||.ik.i rano. A little idand, whereon the Spaniard* kept

an out-guard, was the firfl objeft of the freebooter*.
'I'hey fiirprifed this guard, hut from the intelli.tence
gained from their |irifonrr«, underftood that the
place was too well defended for them to make an
attack upon il w itii any reafonable hopes of fucccfs,
Abandoning this defign therefore, they (Kxred fur
the CJulf of Amapalla, where lb»y carctned their
(hips, having (irf* ngreeJ that Captain Davis (hould

J» before witTi two lanocs, in order to piin intel-
igeiicc, which was accordingly done, as lijoii as
they approached the gulph. On the firll night I)avis
reached an ifland on which there was n town called
Mangcra, hut he could not find it till the next morn-
ing, and when he found it, all the Indian inhabi-
tants were fled, a friar only excepted with two boys,
whofharcd his fortune. From this friar the captain
undcrltoud, that there were feveral Indian villages in
the gulph, but only three towns that had churches,
and only one white man bcfides himfcif who at\td as
a fccretary to the SpaniOl government in ihefe parts.
In cnnfequencc of this information. Captain Davis
took with him the friar and the boys, and approached
the eminence on which Amapallawas fituated. While
they were gaining the afcent, the fccretary, who was
attended by the Indian chief, hailed them. Captain
Davis faid they were Spaoiarda, fent to clear the
coaft, and that their (hip being foul, thev were come
thither to refit, and to demand the aAftance of his
majefty's Indian fubjedli. The following account
includes all the circumftancet of their proceeding :

" They were bidden welcome, and received with
every poflible mark of refpedl, both by the fccretary
and the Indian inhabitants i and, after the firft falu-
tations were oall, they virere conduiled to the church,
where all buhnefs of a public nature was tranfai^rd.
Accordingly, the friar enteied fxtR, and was followed
by Davis and moft of the by-ltanders j but one or two
of the Indians loitering behind, were pulhcd in by
Davis's men I they then fuf|ie(^tini; fome milchief,
fprang back again, and the relt oMhc Indians fol-
lowed their example, leaving Davis and the friar
looking at one another in high confternation, ignorant
of the caufe that had occafloned the defertion ; while
thofe who had fo ftrangely caufed it, fired upon the
innocent Indians, for flying. In this confufion the
fccretary was (lain,- undefervedl^ meeting his death
from his pretended friends. Davis's defign was, when
they were all at church, to have Oiut them in, and
to make his own terms i but there was no need of
praAifing farther treachery with them, for notwith'
ftanding all this brutality, the Indians fhewcd them
every kind of civility. Helping them to repair their ''^
(hips, hewing down timber for them, and bringing '
it to the docks. They fiirniflted them alfo with cattle
and provifions from the main, and aflifteU them in
carrying aboard wood and water. All this time th;.
friar and his two lads were kept prifoners, and i; nis
feared, when they were ready to fail, that the voiild
have carried them off i for tticfe Indian'-, hr • .-. great
veneration for their prieit. He had leai-ncd their
laneuage, and wu veiy uleful to them both by his
kind otbces and admonition*."

On the 3d of Septembe:, however, they fet fail,
and left the friar and his two lads on Ihore, to the
grc-.it fiitisfaAion of the Indians : and the two com-
panies having quarrelled, they were refolved to pur-
iiie different courfes ; Captain Davis directed his
courfe along the main of Peru, and coaftinK alone the
Vol. I.>1°6. *'

* The appcirincc of ihii Iflard it like ihu of a corpfe in a
Aroud, the EsU end rcprel'tntiag the head, tad ihe Welt tlte
feet.

t A perfon who eame (ram the Sfsnilli coaAwith s patent to
Uk for wrackt, wti reported 10 have taken up fome el the plaic j

.|<l.

continent of South America, nt length came to the Jf,^^|
Ifiand cif Plata t while Kalon, who hid failed in a dil- ^^v-i
fcrent dirediun, at laft being in want of wster, tunic
to the lame ifland {where Drake had formerly fhartd
the plunder of the Caciluego). Kafin's men liiJ
that in their rolirle thev hud met w ith thunder and
lightenihg foe'readlul tliat they fearnl every moment
to be involved in elemental fire. This captain pro-
poli-d an acc(inim(xiation, hut when he found it was
reje<>ed, remained only one night off the illand.

Captain Davis's people the next day made an at-
tack upon Maiita, at about eight leagues diliaiitc.
The phite wui delerted by all the inhabitants, an olii
wotr.an cxtcpte-l, whom the Buccaneers brought olt".
By her means they undcrltuod, " That a great many
Krangers had tome over land from the north fea 1 that
they Itill were in canoes and periagocs, and that the
viceroy had comm.inded all the Spanifh trading fhips
on the coal! to be burnt, to prevent their falling inti#
the hands of the enemy.

Thcfe tidings being heard, Davis thought proper
to return tu the Ifle of Plata i and foon after arrived
the Cygnet, an Englifh fhi; , originally fitted out
for :rairc by the London m'r rhants. This velTcl
w.is omma tided by Ciipta'.. Jwan, from London, ''"''•^^"
an<! tended lor trade j but trade being ftonpcd, he"^^' '
wait c'evailed .ipon to .11 his goods by au£lion, and
to join the adventurers whom he had fallen in with
by accident. '"hciie. 'omers were headed by one
Harris, who li.id the command of a bark ir^ iler Swan.
They • 'grcttcd nov that Capt '• Eaton Had been
fuffered to leave them, and thef \rc fitted up a fmall
veflisi, which tliey lent after hii" , - > invite him and
his crew to return and Ihari >' ■:{•■ fortunes.

After this the fhips failed 1 Piiyt», and ( imc into
the road on the 3d of Novrtr'. er, havi' fallen
in with a fhip < ■ 4.' ■ tons, by which n,.- -.- they
were informed riiit ihc viceroy had given orders for
fitting out ten fr jater, -o be employed in checking
their depredations. When they landed at Payta, they
found that the inhabitants had defcrtcd the placr, and
what was worfe, had not left a day's provifion in the
town. By a letter 'eft by thofe on board the bark
fent in fearch of Capt.iin Eaton, they underftood that
he had been there and burned a fhip the week before,
after which he fai'-c! wcftward, fo that they concluded
he was gone hom^ .^^d by way of the Eaft-Indics.

After this information, being under apprehenfiou
that fome of the Spanifh frigates micht fall in with
them, they examined their arms and ammunition,
pitt every thing in order, and burning Cap-
tain Harris's bark, becaufe (he was a heavy failiiij;
veflel, they fitted up another fmall bark to ferve as a
fire fhip, andhaving made all necefTary preparations,
failed for Lobas. They found that Captain Eaton
' . d been there alfo, and heard that their bark was
• )" to Plata, which was the place of rendezvous ap-
^ ..led. Then they departed for the bay of Guia-
quilj which runs in between Cape Blanco on the
fouth fiile, and Point Shanday on the eaftj and irt
the bottom of the bay lies the Ifle of St. Clara.* The
fhips kept to the fouthward in entering the port to
avoid the flioals on the northern fide, where they fay s
lai|e wreck is funkf. The houfcs at Puna, ftanJ upon
pofts ten ortwelve feet high. They are thatched with
Palmetto leaves, and their chambers are well board-
ed. They reckoned 7 leagues from Puna to Guiaqiiil,
which latter they found was confidered as a principal
port in the fouth feas. From this city are exported
hides, tallow, farfaparilla, and other drugs, cocoas,
and woollen cloth made at Qiiito. The buccaneers
took a veflel laden with tins cloth, the mafter of
which told them of the watch at Puna, and informed
**• them

but dyinir, the patent expired. The c«!.61h, a wound from
whole fin IS ii'.nrtal, fvvarming round the ilUnds, rendered the
attempt dant-croui to the Indian divert, who were otherwife
very expert at recovering what was lo« in thofe feai.

1684

Tliey fuipiifc
Tuinaco.

THE V O Y AGE, O F

Tl.cir vtlTil
^■,,ic-Il.;i-.

them that three fliips with 1000 nccros on board were
to fail from Guiaquil, all of which they fell in with and
took i but the town was alarmed, and when theft ad-
venturers made their attack it was fo ill conclui5ied for
want of proper difciplinc and a regular commander,
that it could not but fail of fuccels. — The alTailants
were divided in two bodies, but thefe hy no means
co-operated with each other. Captain Davis's peo-
ple accufed Captain Swan of cowardice, becaufe when
he found how much they were cxiiaullcd he had ad-
vifcd a retreat; in confcqucnce they all proceeded,
having two Indian guides, one of whom was faOcned
by a ftring to one of Captain Davis's men who was
a great boafler, but his courage failing him, as it
feems, when he came within mufquct ihot of the
town, he cut the firing and the Ijidian ran away. —
Then he cried out that fomcbody cllc had cut it on
purpofc to let the guideefcape. Thiscircumftanccfu
much diflieartened the people, that they would ad-
vance no farther. Accordingly having drefTed a cow
and taken a view of the forbidden ground, they em-
barked for Plata, taking 40 of the ableft men out of
the negro fliips, and turning the reft adrift. Thus
ended tlieir hopeful expedition, in which by mifcon-
du£l they loft an opportunity of enriching thenifclvcs,
and returned much dilTatisiicd witlt the repulfc with
each other.

When they arrived at the place of rendezvous they
there found their bark in waiting, but the crew of her
almoft ftarvirig, having been in fcarch of the fliips
from Plata to Lobas and back again. During the ab-
fencc of their companions, who feemed to have paid
little regard to them, thefe wanderers had made a de-
fcentupon Santa Helena, where they took fome maize,
and by the help of that and Tome birds, had made fliift
to keep themfelves alive. The bark was now given to
Captam Swan for a tender, and after a quarrel that
happened between the crews, which was adjufted by
the captains, an attack on Lavclia was refolved upon,
and they fet fail on the 23d of December, to put
their defign in execution.

In thtirwayjthcy furprifed afmall village c.illed To-
mnco, and there took one Don DiegodePinas, a Spanifli
knight that came thither in a vcflcl from Lima, on
board of which they feized about a dozen jars of
wine, and let the veflel depart. Happening after-
wards to fall in with the Panama packet boat, and
recovering the letters the crew had thrown over-board,
by means of a buoy that had been faftencd to the box,
they found by the contents of them, that the prcfidcnt
of Panama had received orders to haflen the Plate
fleet from Lima, which occafioned them to change
their courfe, and alter their refolution. They flood
therefore for the gulph of Panama, and on the i^i
■anchored in the narbour of Gallcriu, and having
I Icared the barks, fent them to cruile in the gulph, —
Four days afterwards one of thefe brought in a prize
l.idcn with fowls, fait beef, and corn, and having
put their (hips in order, failed into the channel to in-
tercept the Plate fleet. While they were here, they
f;.nt the Spanifli knight upon his parole to the prefi-
<lcnt with a letter. He was killed by fome accident, but
the next day they fent another letter, which being d(;-
livered, about 40 Spaniards ^vcre releafed, and Eng-
lifli priuincrs returned in their flcad. Ani.liuriiig be-
fore Toh.'.ao, they hud afterwards a narrow cikipe
from dtftruiilion ; — a perfon who pretended to be a
merchant from Panama, came to tliem, and oftlred to
trade with them fecrctly ; his propofal being uccept-
cd, a bark came out in the ni)^ht as had previuufly
btL-n agreed upon. But notwithftanding flie hailed
the ftiipi with the proper walch-worJs, the buccinccrs
ud the precnution to order her to vAi anchor. This

■ Caprain Boml '.'tcMin^ for the foutli fe.is, and iiictiing \vi:!i
Captain Kalnn, was picvailtd on by hii pilot to jcin company t
Um tliis very man Fcitin^' on Ijoard Captain Eaton's fiiip per-
Uiatlcd liim to (hop hti old commander, wliicii u.is .iccortlingly
iJ'-rc alter mo ni;.;liti Liilini, tiii,-.tlier . Bond thus dcfcrteJ by

not been complied with by tho6 an board, tiicy
were fired upon by the ftiijis. In confequcnce of this
adl of hoftility, finding their fchenic dcteiilcd a few
minutes before it was ripe for execution, the crew , .i''.|.
quitted their bark, and immediately (ct fire to hei,
taking to their canoes. The fliips 'immediately cut
their cables, as they now perceived that this pretended
fmuggling veflel was a fiie-fliip, which without cftciSt-
ing the intended mifchief, drove burning towards
Tobago. She had been fitted out by Captain Uoiid*,
who had furrcudered to the Spaniards, and her direc-
tion, wa:^ againft Captain Davis's fliip, which with
di^culty efcapet) her ) but about the f.ipnc lime tlie
peoplcon board Captain Swan's veflel obfervcJ a (iiiail
float on the water which apj)eared tu have a man in it,
coming towards theni ^ hut obH-rving that he was dif-
covered, he dived, and they faw no niorc of the float,
which thev fuppofed h^ been furniflied with fome
cumbuftibles wjiich were intended to be faflened to
the rudder of Swan's fliiji. This danger being over,
the fliips returned to thejr buoys in thr- morning,
where they perceived a number of r-.,iocs and pri-
vateers, and prefcntly found that they were furniflied
with birds of the lame feather as themfclves. la
eft'eiS, they contained a company of French and Eng-
lifli buccaneers who were come into thofc parts to try
what plunder they could get. Thcjr were commanded
by two captains, the one named Grenet, the other
Lcquie, and reported that 180 EngliflimcA umler the
command of Captain Towaley ftill remained on the
iflhmus i th? Fre;nch having the flour prizes given
them, the Englifli were taken on board Captain Da?
vis and Captain Swan's fliips, and, foon after, Captain
Townley arrived, having taken two prizes, and
learned from the prifoners, tliat the Lima fleet was
ready for lailing. Falling in. with a bark belonging to
one CaptainKnight, which had loft him at lea, flie
was takenbv Captain S wall, and given to Harris in lieu
of that wnich had been' burned on account of her
heavy fiiiline. They were now in high eitpcfiatiens
of making uieir fortunes, bHC the following account
will fliew hoyr much they were disappointed.

While the fleet from Licna was thus anxioufly ex->
peded, fome letters were intercepted t\i:a contained
the inftruftions to the commanders which courfe to
take. In confequcnce whereof the captains of the
buccaneers heldaconfultatioQ in what manner to fleer,
in order to interceptth^m j but while they were yet
undetermined,: won) was brought that the Spanifli
fleet was advancing, and, a^ jt fjiould fesni, to give
them battle. This news w^i^by nomean^ agreeaole.
Such a mingled crew being but ill ftiited to ftand a re- Tlicy are
gular engagement. However, there wijs. ot)w no alter* wuriled by tlw
native, either they muft fieht or run away, in which *''""'"''''"■
cafe being taken finely, they probably would all be
deftroyed ; but by fighting fon)e might cii^nce to ef-
cape. The Spaniards, werf fourteen in number i of
which the admiral carried 40 gi^iti, 'and 540 men i
the vice admiral 40 guns and 40a fien ; the rear ad-
mit ul 36 guns and 360 men i one (hip of 24 guns and
300 itu-n i one, 01 18 guns and B50 nien ; and one of
eight guns and 200 men : they had likewife two fir«.t
fliips, and 6 fliips y(i,tb only fijmll arnis„ fomp pctiagpej
and tenders, having eight huiidmj men among tli«in<
The Englifli who w^re to Engage them, conuftcd of
10 fail J tthefe "^Frc, tiw only flii^is t>(. forge, th«
others being furniflied with none but fmall urms(
Captain Davis's l^ijp pjf 3^ sufisiwd 156 mwuimottly
Englifli i Captain 1 pwiiTeyh4d j jo uwn, all.Englifhi
Cajitain Grenet 308 men all it'reitch i. Captniit Har-
ris 100 men, moftly Englifli 1 Captain. Braiiley 3^
men, fome Englifli, foijie French, i Swan's tender,
eight men i TowAl»y,'s b»rlHighly men ; *«di. Cnall

bark

J — i-ii-.j ■ .

the jxifon whom lii: wameil to <|irc£l itiii couifc in the fuuth
fcai, went for Porto 0cllo, wlierc lie ryric.idcred liiinfclf i«^
tlic ^ovt:rnor, an'd Wki fent tii the viccrov of I. una, and after*

aiicciiupoti
: ii .1

wardi impluycdin clic(kiiig iliuficj)|>^» uf liic llu«i:a
thi; A.mcticaa toads, .,..,,.. ,;, , ..... , .

CAPTAIN DAMPIER.

baric of 30 tons made into a (ire-fliip, with a canoe's
crew in her : the number of men altogether amount-
ing to 960.

The Englifli, notwithftanding the fuperiority of
thetncmy, rcfolvcd to begin the attack^ having the
advantage of the weather-gage, which gave them the
choice cither to fi<;ht or run. Accordinglyv about
three in the afternoon they bore down right before the
wind, on the enemy, who kept clofe upon a wind to
meet tiiem j but night came on without any thing
material being done on either fide.

When it grew dark, the Spanifli admiral nut forth
a light as a fignal for the fleet to caft anchor, and
preiently hoifted a light on his top, which, after con-
tinuing there an hour, was taken down, and in a little
time hoifted again, the Englilh being ftill to wind-
ward, were not aware of this ftratagcm, j for the Spa-
niard, knowing what confequence it was to gain the
i/eathcr-gage, hoilK-d the fecond light upon the top-
maft of one of his barks, and edged away filently
himfelf, followed by his capital (hips, and, as as foon
as it was day-light, appeared to windward of the
Englifli. This w s fuch an unexpeified llroke, as left
themnoolhercourfetotake but tofightor fly. Things
facing thus fituatcd an unequal engagement began.
Captain Townley being hard prefled by the enemy
made a bold pufli through a narrow gut that parted
the ifles, and was followed by feveral of the fmaller
(hips, bywhich means theyefcaped. Captain Harris was
chaced to the weftward ; and Cuptam Davis main-
tained a running fight all day round the bay of Pana-
ma, with the lofs only of a Angle man. At night, the
Spaniards gave over the purfuit, and fufFered the Eng-
lifli to rendezvous at the fame iflands from whence
they failed the day before to begin the attack.

The 30th, the Spaniards, without purfuing their
victory, continued their cotirfe to Panama, and the
Englifli fet fail to the keys of Quibo in fcarch of
Captain Harris, that being the place appointed to
rendezvous in cafe of being difperfed. Here they
cafliiered the French captain, who never came into the
engagement ; and having found Captain Harris they
held a confultation about what courfe they fliould in
future purfue.

The refult of all was. That they fliould attempt
fomething upon the coaft, fince they had no farther
chance of gaining any thing confidcrable upon the
feas ; and, after being joined by Captain Knight, who
when he went in queft of them, thought to have
found them in pofleflion of all the Spanifh treafures ;
they failed for Ria Lexa, the nearen port to Leon,
with eight veflels, having on board 640 men, and
well provided with canoes for navigating the ri
vers.

They quitted their fliips when they arrived within
24. miles of the fliore, to the number of 250 men em'
barked in canoes, which had a very difficult and dan'

trerous patTage, but neverthelefs landed without the
o(s of a man, marching forwards in three diviflons
The fnrcmofl of thofe confifting of 80 men under the
ronduA of Captain Townley, defeated a body of
Spanifli horfemen, entered the town, and drove the
main body of the Spaniards before the other two par
ties came up. In the mean time the governor of
Leon had formed an encampment near the town, and
intended to aflcmble what forces he could, and fall
upon the invaders. Uut a merchant of the name of
Smith being taken among the flragglers, and carried
before this commander } on examination, fo far
exaggerated the forces of the buccaneers, that he laid
afuleall thoughts of that fort, and fent a flag of truce
with propofaTs for ranfoming the city.

* Tlie (liips wire conimandcd by Dtvii, Swan, Townley,
nnil Kiiigtiii and llicy hail betides, a fire-lliip and three ten-

ders.

t How fearlcf'. Tocver the iciliabltants of Guatimala might be,
it is certain iliat they are rometimcs \ifitcd by c.irth(|uakei, ane
of which, fume few years fincc, dcflroyed nuinbcri of people,
overthrew their habiiaiions, and made dreadful havuik in clie

cuuntrv.

But here the avarice of the frce-booters out-going 16S4
their real'on, they demanded to fuch an extravagant * »
amount, as the governor perhaps had it '"" '" his.j.|, i^j,^^,
power to make good — and in confequence the town [ j',,*
was fet on fire. In the mean time a Spunifh gentle-
man was rcleafed on his promife of fending i JO oxen
to Ria Lexa, which promife he faithfully fulhlled.

On the i6th of June they reached that place, and
having forced a body of Spaniards from their in-
trenclunents, and cut a boom laid acrofs the river,
entered the town where they found nothing bur
500 facks of flour, and fome pitc'.i and tar j fome ot
the crew, whether by order, or of their own will, ib
not known, fet fire to the houfes before they departed.
After this expedition the Captains Davis and Swan,
refolved to feparatc ; Townley, with the two barks, RuTeva -
accompanied Swan, while Knight and Harris re-'"'- •" '''^■•
folved to follow the fortunes of Davis*. When this
feparation took place, Captain Davis flood for the
Peruvian coafts, but Swan went weftward, intend-
ing to fail home by way of the Ea'l Indies. On
board his (hip Dampier entered, chuling rather to go
with him than with Davis, whofc voyage was likely
to be confined within a narrower circle.

A fickncfs which it was fuppofcd they had cauglit
at Ria Lexa, and a courfe of tempeftuous weather Ciatlnuli.
marked their voyage to Guatimala, which they came
in fight of on the 14th. On this coaft a high volca-
no, appears with a double peak. From between
thefe peaks fire and fmoke ifTue forth with mod dread-
ful roarings ; yet the inhabitants were not afraid to
refide even at the very foot of the mountainf. The
city is fituate at the diflance of about eight leagues
from the South Sea, and about fifty from the North,
and is remarked for the rich commodities which the
neighbouring hills produce. It is famous for anattat,
filvefter, and cochineal. The volcano is to be fecn
at the diftance of 75 leagues from the fea. Thence •'^^fj^'j^'^;''^' "*
they failed to the latitutie of Togantabcque, and Cap- "
tain Townley, with 100 men attempting to land on
the coaft the furges beating at the bottoms of the
fandy hills, proved very unfavourable to that purpofe.
Thus difappointed, he coafted along, the (hips ftill
following his people who were in canoes, which the
captain refolved to run on (hore, but overfet them in
the attempt. A man or two they loft, and others had
broken bones ; however the landing was made good,
and their boats hauled on (hore, though moft of their
ammunition was damaged by the wet, but they could
difcover no town on the coaft, fo that they were
totally difappointed, in their cxpedations, and, what
was worfe, returned even without any provifions, and
thus continued their courfe to Tangola. They next
came toGuatuIco, (or Aneuatuiro) where they came
to an anchor, and intended prowling up the country,
but after having travelled a few miles, though
they fecured fome Indian guides, they found only a
little village where fome Vanellos were drying. —
There was neither gold nor filver to be got there, nor
any intelligence that might encourage the freebooters
to proceed, they had therefore no inclination to ftay
here longer than to recover their fick, and to prepare
all things for the continuance of their voyage to
parts more favourable to their wifhes. In the interim
they fent four canoes before them, with orders to
take what prifoners they could, and to wait for them
at the Port of Angels ; and following, on the 1 2th, they
met with two of them in a very diilrefsful fituation.
It fecms the crews had miftaken the harbour, and the
boats were overfet on the beach. They reported that
the other two canoes had left them on the 9th in the
night, and, as it was afterwards found, had rowed as far

t The Anatia Is ;i red dye made from the flowert of a flirub.
Silreller ii the feed of a fruit, fomewhat refemUing the prickly
pear ; and Cocliincal has been found to be a collcflion of infc£l),
bred in a furt of fruit of the lair.e fize. The Cochineal and
Silveflcr produce a fimilat dye, but the former is hcUl in llit
highcll eliimation,
3

«a

THE VOYAGE OF

16S5 it Acapulco. However they joined the ill ips when
\i/*V^ they came bctbru the harbour, front whence there
was an extcnlive profpetil of a beautiful country.
I'he brows uf the hills were (haded with lofty treci,
the plains, and favannahs wittered by ftreamt and
rivulets, and the banks crowned with flowering
Ihrubs, which exhibited « moft ureeabie pidure.
Here they landed at the grazing (rat of a Snanifli
Ci-ntlcman, from whence the |K-oplc were all fled,
but they found fait and maize in great plenty. Oa
this coaft alfo they i;ot poultry, hogs, and cabaritos,
and took as much of everv thing they wanted as they
were able to bring off. I'hc harbour lies in 15° of
north latitiiJc.

Leaving Port Angels, they came to anchor, in 16
fathom water, under a fmall rocky ifland about fix
leagues to the weftward. The next day thev were
greatly embarralTcd by the followinjj circunmance :
" 'I'hey weighed and continued their courfc j and,
being a-brealt of a fmall lagune, whence the miffing
boats had a few days before taken a quantity of fifli,
tlicy lay to, and fent in a boat with twelve men to
bring off a more ample fupply. The Spaniards, on
marking the trim of the fhips, fufpecied their intent,
and concealing thcmfelves behind a rock at the nar-
row entrance of the lagune, difcharged a volley of
fmall arms at the boat juft as it pafled the place of
their ambufcade, by which five of the crew were
dangeroufly wounded. Alarmed at this fudden attack,
and finding it impoflibic to retreat, becaufe of the
narrownefs of the channel, they puflied forwards into
the lagune, where they could lie out of gim-fliot till
the enemy difperfod, or till they (hould be relieved b^
the vigilance and valour of their own people. In this
fituation, however, they continued two days and
three nights, till at length. Captain Townly, fearing
fomc dilafter had befallen them, manned his canoes,
and beating the Spaniards from the rocks, o|Kned
the fufferers a free paffage to the fea. Their joy was
the greater, as the pains of the wounded men began
to grow intolerable ; and, had they not been relieved,
they muft in another day, niy perhaps in a few hours,
have died in the created agonies. 'I'his lagune lies in
lat. 16° 40'' nort^.

Hliving paired by a rock called the Algatrofs they
found that the Spaniards had erefled a breaft-work
a little to the weftward ; whence, however, they were
driven, and the buccaneers made good tlieir lauding.
At about three leagues diftancc from the entrance of
the river they came to a houfc wherein they found a
Mulatto fervant who offered to guide them farther up
the river, where they might get pleny of cattle and
maize, and told them that a ftout (hip from Lima
was then at Ac;:pulco, whither Captain Townly,
who wanted a better veflel, was eager for failing
in hopes to exchange his own for it ; but Swan
thought it more proper to infure provifion, that they
might wait well provided for the Manilla Ihip,
which was ex|)e£tcd off the fouthernmoft point of Ca-
lifornia, in her way to Acapulco. The matter be-
ing put to the vote, it was decided in favour of Cap
tain Townley's propofal, and accordingly the fliips
fet fail on the 5th upon this expedition. At the dif-
tancc of 12 leagues the captain embarked with 140
men on board, and a number of canoes, with a view
to take the ihip by furprize ; but had not failed above
four leagues before they met with a dreadful tornado.
Having efcaped the dangers of this dorm, they were
driven into Fort Marquis, about a league from Aca-
pulco, where they ftayeil to refit their fiiviiiturr, and
in the night of the fucceedine day, rowetl foftly into
Alt m the harbour of Acapulco.* Jn order to prevent beinc

take ihe Ijm* heard, we find, " Thev hauled in their o|rs, and
Uiip defeated, paddled foftly by the caftle ; then ftruck over to the
town, and found the (hip riding between the breaft-
work and the fort, about 100 yards from each." . ■
1

, * Tl)c Mill of Acapulcn is diHin^uiOicd hy three hilh, tkat
in the miJdlc rifcs like • fup«r-Io«f, tlic moH weilcrlv o( the
tiiher two hai two hillock] cr. it. top. Acipulcu Ii» in lat. 17'

When they had well vievteJ her, add> Dampier, and
ronfultcd the danger of the defign, they thought it
impoffible to accompli(h it ; therefore they paddled
foftly back again, till they were out of command of
the fort ; and then they attempted to land, but were
oppofed by a company of Spani(h foldicrs, who fired
at them, and kept them at a diftance from the (hore
till day-light; when taking a view of the town and
caftle, and not Kking their appearance, they returned
un board tired, hungry, and heartily mortified at their
difappointment. — Finding that nothing was 10 be
done there, the (hips failed from Acapulco, and con-
tinued coafting along the (hore to the weftward.
The land which is low towards the fea, rifes gradually
to a very great height, and it is hazardous to lancl,
though at a mile's diltance there is a good anchorage,
As they proceeded thus they difcovereda fmall river, at
the entrance of which 170 of their men being landed,
were guided by an old Mulatto woman to a farm-
houfe, where they found 60 mules hiden with flour,
cheefe and chocolate, which they readily eafed of their
burdens, as alfo fome oxen, which together with
18 cows, that they afterwards took they cured,
and Conveyed on board, the lading of the caravan
being carried fafely to tlieir (hips, which quitted the
harbour on the 21 ft, where they had fo happily ac-
commodated them(elves with provifions.

Holding on their courfe, they came in fight of the Volcano oi
volcano of Colima, in lat. 15° 56" north, on the 28th Colima.
day of tlie montli. At the foot of this burning moun-
tain lies the town of the fame name, and all the fur-
rounding valley, according to the Spanifhdefcription,
is remarkably beautiful ; hut as the furf ran fo high
as to prevent the buccaneers from making any attempt
to land there, they proceeded to Sallagua, in lat. 18"
52" north. — Here two hundred men being landed, en-
gaged and defiaited a body of Spaniards, and going up
into the country, were informed rhe road they had
taken led to the city of Oarrah, and that the party
they had defeated, were fent to efcort fome paflcngers
from India, that were expcded to land in Sallagua
Bay, from on board the Manilla (hip ; a piece of
intelligence which haftened their departure, in order
to meet with the long exp"Aed veflel.

With this view they (tecrcd for Cape Corientes,
which they came in fight of on the i ith of December.
In their paflage Captain Dampier was afflicted with a
dropfy and an ague, which he found to be common
dilbrders on this coikft. In the mean time provifions
growing fcarce. Captain I'ownly's bark was feat to
examine the coaft to the weftward of the cape, but
returned on the 17th without having brought any
intelligence. And all the (hips which had been pro-
perly ftationcd, failed for the Ifland of Chametly,
about, 18 leagues to the caftward. Being arrived, they
caught a number of rock fi(h, and Captain Swan re-
turned to his ftation oft' tlic cape, 60 men being fent
to a village to procure provifions. The canoes re-
turning cm the 24th, reported, that they had rowed
to the Bay of Val d'Iris, or Valderas, where they
found a moft beautiful and fruitful country, on at-
tem|>ting to li:ize' fome of the cattle that were feeding
at large in the favannahs, they had a (kirmi(h with a
body of Spaniards fome of whom were horfemcn.
They repulfcd them, but not without the lof* of tour
Englifhmen killed, and two much wounded, after
which they returned without attempting any thing
farther. On Chriftmas-day they took throe Jew fi(h,
and on the 28th Capuin Tnwnley brought 40 bulhels
of maize, and thus they cnntiniKd crutfing till the
ift of January, when they fteeretl towards valderas,
and anchortng that night in 60 fathoms water, landed
the next day, and being divided into two bodies, one
party kept watch while the other leized and killed the
cattle ; (o «hui within five days they had (altcd beef
enough for two months provilion.

The

north, on riic wcdern fide of the American cuntinenc Ittirade
if to the £all-lndi<s and to Lima, in which three Ihtps are rc-

(jularly cin|>luyed.

CAPTAIN D A M P 1 E R,

The time which tlicy thus employed in viiffual-
liiv, as Uam|)ier obfervcs, they fhouid rather have
fpint in cruifmg if they had properly conlidercil the
nature of ihiir ciiterprize, whic^ lie affirms, proved
unfiiccefsful on that account, f

The Captains Swan and .Townlcy, now parted
again ; the former refoivcd to ftcer caftward, and toolc
with hi.n a Mofkito chief and three of his men, w'-o
left Swan's <hip in order to go with him that he nii^jhi
have an oppoi-tunity of fetting them on fliore at ome
convenient place on the coaC, from wlience 'hey
might travel over land to the other lea. Cnpti....
Swan (with whom Dampier continued) held his
coiirfe intending for a weftcrly navigation, and before
iiiyht he palled I'oint Pontique, in lat. ^o' 50" north,
about a league from whence lie two illandsof tlic fame
name. To proceed with the relation — " On the 14th
they came in fight of a fmall white rock, in lat. 21"
is'' north, which at a dilbncc, feenicd like a (hip
under fail. From this place the land ran (till north-
erly, the fea tumbling in with fuch violence upon
the (horc, that, for many leagues together, there- was
no landing, hut they found good anchoring as far as
the inand of Chametly. Thefc illands .nre fix in
number, and difterent from thole of the fame name
on thecaft of Cape Corientcs, being a little xvithin
the tropic of Cancer, and not above three leagues from
the main. On thefe illands grows a fruit called the
penguin, of which there are two forts, the yellow
and the red \ the yellow grows on a thick ftem, about
a foot high, the leaves are narrow, and about half tiie
length of the ftem edged with prickles. The fruit
grows out from' the top of the (tem in two or three
clufters, 16 or 20 in a clufter. It is i-ound and in
fize like a fmall puUet's egg; the outer coat is thick
and tough, and the pulp in the infidc is full of little
hlack feeds. The red penguin is in (hape like a little
nine-pin, grows upon ftooTs from the ground in clul

ters of 6o"or 70 on a llool, ftanding upright like the
leaves of a houfe-Ieek, and is fmaller than the yel-
low; they are furrounded by leaves a foot and a half
long, ctlgcd with prickles like the former. Thefe
have a (harp, pungent taftc, and arc wholefome ; but
thofcwho cat too freely of them, find them very heating.
In the Bay of Campeachy one can hardly range tiie
pl.iiii for their prickly leaves."

Parting IVoni htncc. Captain Swan, with 150 men,
in 12 canoes, entered a lake called Rio de Sal, to the
N.N. W. of Chametly. He landed fome of his men
at a gracing farm, and they perceiving two Indians
wounded one of them with their fmall (hot, who being
brought on boird, informed them thai there was an
Indian town, fituate on a ("av.innah, where was plenty
of cattle at the diftance of about four leagues. In
confcquence of this intelligence they prepared to fet
out for the place defcribed j but, on their wajv were
attacked by a body of Spanifh horfe, but thefe were
defeated by the Englifh, who were ncvcrthelefs after-
wards much cmbarralTcd by a ftratagcm of the enemy.
Their wav lay through a country abounding with
that fort of high grafs, which has already been men-
tioned as growing commonly about the Ifthmus of
Durien ; to this the Spaniards fet fire, and it was not
without great dilKculty that the conquerors cfcapcil
the fury of the flames that every where furrounded
them. In the mean time, their oppofers had leifure to
rccolleit themfelves, and concert meafures for mak-
ing fomc more eftciftual (hmd. This they endeavour-
ed to do at the \ill.ige towards which the Englilh
marched the next day, and found it garrifoned ;
but the want of fire-arms amone the Spaniards, and
the remembrance of their late defeat had fuch an cf-
ic&. upon them, that having loft fome of their ofli-
crrs, they retired, and left the place to the Englilh,
who had only one man killed, and their furgeon much
wounded in this fecond engagement. A few leagues
from hence, they were informed of two rich fcold
Vol. I. N' 6.

* nam) i;r, uliu, as ww have nl- [erred, liati lone twcn afUi^cd
w'liliiiit: (liuprs . wab here cureil hyUiippini; himlclf naked, »ntl
l)'ing du» I upun tiic hot fanO tut half ID iwur. To • piulult

mines, but they were more inclined to plunder the ifiH;

village and fto:e thcinfelves with provifions than to > , — ■'

go in fearch of this trcafiire. The captain with bo
men made another excurfion on the 2d of February,
to feek for the river Rolario, at the entrance of which
he landed, and having marched to an Indian town,
took away 90 bufticis of maize, and fome other pro-
vifions, making no attempt upon the gold mines
wliich it leems were not above two leagues from the
town i the next day the ftiips came to an anchor af
the moiuh of the river, in lat. 22" 51" north, and on
the 7th the captain, with his company, ca: -"; on board,
having but a fmall quantity of any nrcvii'io"? in pro-
portion to the number of his crew {tiic ixxf they had
liiltcd at Valderas excepted) and therefore a party was
fent on the 8th in fearch of Oleta River, but they
found it not, and returned without efleiling any
thinir.

'Iliey next anchored near the river St. lago, up
which 70 men failed on the nth to examine all the
creeks and inlets, and to get what intelligence they
could relative to the neighbouring country. 'I'hcte
people having taken an Indian who was fet to watch
a field of maize were informed by him that there was
a town called Santa Pecaque, about the diflance of
four leagues, and offered to guide them thither, where
he faid there was plenty of provifions. Upon this
information 140 men were embarked in canoe=, and
proceeded with the Indian guide, about five leagues up
the river, landed in the night, and the next morning
entered the town, which they found entirely deferttd.
— As they had not been deceived, in regard to the
quantity of provifions to be found there, they acquaint-
c\l their captain with their fucccfs ; he immediately
fet out for the place, and on his arrival, ufed all his
endeavours to keep fomc order among the men, who
now thought of nothing but plunder, and feemed not
to be under any apprehenfions of an enemy in their
fituation, though thofe that had been left to guard
the canoes in their abfcnce had been attacked by the
Spaniards and loft one of their people in the engage-
ment. Nay, fo infatuated were thefe plunderers, that
though there was intelligence of a thoufand men being
afl'embled to fall upon them, yet they would not de-
part with what they had got, but relolvcd ftill to re-
turn at different times to St. Pecaque till there (hould
not be a fingle load of provifion* left in the town.
Nor would they either be prevailed on by command
or perfuafion to march in a colle£ted body. The
confcquence was that a party of 50 of them, with as
many loaded bcafts, proceeding in a line, each man
leading his horfe, fell into an ambu(h laid for them F'fty of C'p-
bvtheencmv 1 and when Captain Swan, with another"'" Swan's
party, hearing the hring, came up in order to fup- ../net,,
port them, he found them all ftripi>cd of their arms
and plunder, and weltering in their blood, a fcene
which (huck him with horror, and quite damped the
fpirits of the furvivors, though the Spaniards fatis-
fied with this revenge, retired and fu(rcred the reft un-
molefted to repair to their (hipping.

St. Pecaque, in their expedition to plunder which P'^f'-'fip^i'"' "f
town, the followers of Swan fo feverely fuft'ered, is^t. l'c>;aque.
fituate on a fpacious plain at the fide of a wood, and
has a fquare in the middle, where the houfcs are
neatly built, and furnilhed with balconies. It is but
fmall, but has two churches, the Indians are moftly
Chriliians, and, at th.tt time, itwas accounted to be the
conftant refidence of about 70 white families, befides
the carriers from the mines who came thither occa-
fionally, and the merchants of Compeftella.

The Buccaneers not thinking it expedient after Captain Swia
their late check, to attempt any thing farther upon li:"'es the
this coaft, Ihaped tlieir courfe for Cape St. Lucar, '°''^'
on the Idand of California, but could not reach their
port, and were obliged to put in at the Maria
IHands, in lat. 21° 40' north, and at the diftance
of 40 leagues from the cape, for which they intended.*
S At

fwcat occafioncU hv the cxctflivc heal he attributci the fucctfs
of thii rcmcily, wluch actually rtflutrd him to hit haalih.

THE VOYAGE OF

1685 At thcii fiift coming hither they lived only upon fculs,
Vi. I , I but ill a (cw clays were iupplied with turtle, conies,
and pigeons, and while the crew were working upon
the mips, the officers employed themfelves in furvey-
ing the ftorcs, as Captain Swan declared his defljjn of
coining home by way of the Eaft-Indics. This de-
claration caufcd a divifion of the company, fome ap-
plauding, and others com'.-mning the mcalure. On
the whole, it aj)prared that many difficulties were
likely to attend this feheme. At the utmoft, they ha>l
but 60 days provifiun on board — the maize rated at
little more than half a pint a day lor each man, be-
fides that the rats were continually devouring a part
of it. From Cape Corientcs to the neareft land (the
liland of Guam) was accounted 7000 mile;:, and
that iflnnd was fuhjc£l to their mortal enemies the
Spaniards. On thefc confldcrations, nothing couid
have prevailed on the majority of the adventurers to
proceed on this voyage but a promife which they, in
a manner, extorted from Captain Swan, to endea-
vour to intercept the Maiiilla fliip, by the Mking of
which they reckoned they (hould make them amends
for all the difficulties and dangers they had fuftained
in the courfc of their South Sea expedition.
Takes Ills lie- All things, however, being now agreed, (thcCyg'
p.inuicForthe net] Captain Swan, with 100 men, tne bark. Captain
Eilt-Icidics. Teat, with 50, took their departure from Cape Co-
rientcs, on the 31(1 of March. At noon the next
morning, they were carried by variable winds to the
diflance of about 30 leagues from the cape, and then
by a frelh gale were carried into the courfe of an
L. N. £. wind, which continuing, they proceeded with
all the fail they could fpread, and h.-id frequent
ubfervations ; but in a track of 6700 miles in latitude,
faw none of the idands, fuch numbers of which
(ie in the fume latitude on the other Tide of the line
Though every thing feemed favourable to their wiflies,
a conltant w.ud carrying them on with great fwiftnefs,
yet when about three weeks had clapfed, the mariners
began to grow impatient, and innfted upon having
their allowancccnlargeti, with which requifition Cap-
tain Swan was obliged to comply, notwithftanding the
imprudence of it was evident, as there was ftill a
danger that the wind might fail them, or that they
miglit not get fupplies when they fliould arrive at
Guam. The allowance, when fo enlarged, was 10
fpoonfulsof maize for each man. Some of the (hip's
company did not drink above once in nine or ten days;
foitir not in twelve, and there was one who did not
drink in fevcnteen days, and then faid that he was
not thirfty.

But this fpare diet fo he.i.ily felt by moft of the
ircw that were in health, contributed to the eftablifh-
ment of Dampic r's health, who was flrengtiicned by
it. He was not, liowever, one of thofe who could fub-
fill without drink, (a thing almolt incredible in thole
latitudes) on the contr.-iry, though he had been (ok-
vertly ;UHicled with the dropfy, he drank three times
iu a day, and continued mending daily. At this time
we arc told of an inllance of feverity in Captain
Swan, which in fuch a fituation might well have
hien omitted. He ordered a man found guilty of
theft to receive three ladies with a two inch rope from
every one on board, hliiifelf fetting the example by
giving the flrii firoke.— ^This ftricrnefs in punifliing
lobbirv by a buccaneer captain, who, as fuch, might
be euiiiidered in the light of a common plunderer was
rather extiaoidinary ; but with all Captain Swan's
lituits, it mull be obferved that he was led into buc-
caneering with fome reluctance, and feemed all along
defirous of quitting that bad employment, as foon as
Dpportunity flioultf offer. As to his general line of
cunduc^ itappi-ars to have been diiiiateiiby afpirit of
difcunteiit, ariling from the difagreeable circumflances
in wlilch he fuund himfelf with a company of men
who were head-llrong and ungovernable, and whofe
ebjcifl was nothing but plunder, while he had his
views ftill Hxed upon trade, to which they had an utter
averfion.
The murmuring of the mariners increafing, Swan

had endeavoured toperfuadc his people that though if w.'.s

nolefsthan 7200 miles from Cape Corientcs to Guan;,

by thf Spaiiilh account, yet tliey might run it in 50

days, as Drake and CavenJilh iiad done before tiiem,

adding that by tlic Engl ifli account it was but 5700

miles i but tills only lervcd for a temporary expedient,

for, when they had run down this reckoning, the men

began to be quite mutinous, and to throw out bitter in- Impjuct-: o-

veciives a^'ainll their commander. During their courfe, il>e cicu .

t'lTy had' hitherto feen neither fowl, bird, or inledt,

ixcept once when at the dillancc of 4975 miles

from Cape Coiientes they faw ruabies, wliieh they

imagined might have comu from fome neighbouring

land, but they fell in with none, in confequcncc olf

thcfe tokens.

Swan was now obliged to change his manner of

reafonin§ i he obferved that it was ttill prob.ible

the Spanifh reckoning might be right, and .is they had
ftill the continuance of the breeze if it lallcd but a
few days longer they would be likely to fee an end of
their hardfhips. Thus encouraged, they proceeded
with foine little hopes, which were kept alive by their
having fome rain on the i8th of iVlay, the clouds fett-
ling in the weft, and giving tokens of their approach-
ing land. The barks being three leagues iidvanced
before the (hip, on the 20th, ran over a fhoal where
there was only four fathoms water, and numbers of
fifties were feen fwimming about upon the flioal.
On this Captain Teat lay by, to fpeak with the fhip,
and coming on board, reported what he had feen.
They were in li" 55' north latitude, and, clapping
on a wind, fleered to the northwarJ, as CJuam w.'s laid
down in 13^ north in the Spanifh charts, vc: as no
fuch ftioal as they had juft pafl(:d was noticed by them,
there was yet a room to doubt whether they wei^; in
the right track. Trufting therefore the event to for-
tune, they followed the moft probable courfe, and to
their great fatisfaflion, faw the ifland of Guam, at_ , .
the diftancc of about eight leagues at four in the af- J^^ '•"•;om|
tcrnoon, — " A<id happy it was, fays Dampier, that
we got fight of ir before our provifions were gone, of
which we had but enough for three days more, for, as
I was afterwards informed, the crew combined to kill
Captain Swan and cat him when the victuals were
^one, and, after him, all of us who were acceflary
in promoting the voy.ige." Such was the favagcdiO-
pontion of thefc men, whofe behaviour had all along
been fufficicnt to four a milder temper than that of
their commander, whom though they did not kill and
eat at fea, yet they afterwards found means to aban-
don to his fortune, as will be feen in the feqiicl.

Guam is one of the Ladrone iflands, which Dam- 1'l'<ya"in«|
pier places in lat. 13° 21' north, computing the me- *^"*"^
ridian diftancc from Cape Corientcs to be about 7302
miles, fuppofing the fouth feas to be 2(; degrees broader
than it is generally computed. I'his ifland is about
36 miles long and 12 broad. There was a Spanifli
fort of fix guns, with between 20 and 30 foldicrs in
garrifon, commanded by a governor, with one or t^vo
fubordinate officers. They found the climate healthy,
and the people a^ive and ingenious, being particu-
larly expert in building and navigating their boats,
which would run 24 miles within the hour. A Spa-
nifti friar and three Indians came on board as foon as
they had caft anchor ; and being received with great
civility, and acqu.iinted that the Englifh came thither
in a friendly manner to pui'chafe provifions •, the cap-
tain was informed that they were rather fcarce at that
time upon the ifland, but that the governor would
fupply them to the beft of his power. To him thev
fent letters wit^ a prcfent, and in the mean time, a boat
of theirs which was difpatched to purchafe cocoa nuts
came back laden to their fatisfadion. Afterwards
the governor fent the captain half a dozen hogs, a do-
zen of mu(k melons, and as many water-melons ;
and gave orders to the Indians toaffilt them in fifliing
and gathering fruits, and to take bread-fruit for them
every day. But while they were carrying on this
friendly intercourfe, the Manilla ftiip coming in fighf,
was warned to bear away, in doing which <hc ftruck
. , , upon

CAPTAIN DAM PIER.

though it wrs
tcstoCiuaiij,
: run it in 50
bel'ore tiicni,
WIS but 5700
ry expedient,
ling, the men
out bitter in- Imiiailc! ■:
jtlieircourfe.iliciicrt.
d, or inl'eilt,
4975 miles
, which they
neighbouring
jnfeijucncc vt

ait>, yc: as no

iiiceil b/ tti'.-m,

rr they wei.; in

»e event to for-

cuurfe, and to

1 of Guam, at^_ ,;f.^, I

jur in the af- i„j' |

Dampler, that

were gone, of

more, for, as

unbined to kill

visuals were

were acceflary

the favagcdil-
had all along
than that of
d not kill and

neans to abaii-

Ibqucl. ,

which Dam- Tlieyartii.«j

.uting the me- '^"•»''
be about 7302
legrees broader
iland is about
'as a SpaniQl
|0 foldicrs in
n one or two
imate healthy,
being particu-
g their boats,
our. A Spa-
lard as foon as
;ed with great
h came thither
^ns ; the cap-
fcarce at that
tvernor would
To him they
time, a boat
ifc cocoa nuts
Afterward*
n hogs, a do-
•ater-mclons ;
[em in iifliing
Tuit for then*
ing on this
ling in fighr,
tch flic ftruck

Upon a (hoal, and might have fallen into the hands of
. ^jf, the'''* "dventurcrs, but that Swan found means to prc-
i!aiiill«<hip. vent his men from attempting this entcrprife. They
flayed at Guam all the remainder of May ; on the
30th of the month the governor fent the captain ajar
of bread made of fine flower, two jars of pickled
mangoes and pickled fifti, fome hogs, and a quantity
of rice, and was furnilhed with wwdcr and (hot in
return, and prefcntcd a fine Englim dog, to which he
had taken a particular fancy. Swan was likewife de-
firous of the governor's letter to the merchants of
Manilla, with a view to trade, but this wasafccrct
which he did not communicate to his men.

As to the friar, the commander gave him an allro-

• labe, a large telefcope, and a brafs cluck, who in

return for the civility fent the captain fix hogs, a pig,

fome bulhcis of potatoes, and half a hundred weight

of Manilla tobacco.

The fhip and bark being plentifully provided with
lieyanclior all things that the ifland afforded, h.wing on board
iioit Mind»- cocoa nuts, bread-fruit, and 50 hogs in pickle, fet
fail from Guam on the 2d of June, (leering for Min-
danao, which is the principal of the Philippine iflands.
They arrived on the coaft about the middle of June,
but not coming to that fide of the ifland where the
principal town was fituated, they courfed round the
land, till the middle of next month, before they came
to an anchor, which as foon as they had done, they
fired fcvoii guns, and were anfwered by three from the
(hore. A raja, and one of the emperor's fons after-
wards coming on board, demanded who they were,
and being anSvered that they were Engliih, were bid
welcome to tfie ifland, at the fame time they were
aflced whether their intention was to fettle a fadlory.
This at firft furprifed Captain Swanj but it lecmed
that one Captain Goodluck had been there before,
witii propofals of that kind from the Englifh Eafl
India company.

At the time that they lay before Mindanao, the
princeof oncof the neighbouring iflands privately fent
his nephew to Captain Swan to invite him to come
and li:ttlc in his dominions ; but for fome unknown
reafons, no regard was paid to this propofal. In the
mean time, it was forefcen that the wefterly mon-
foon which was near approaching, would oblige the
Ihips to continue in the port; on which account Capt.
Swan, having laid afide all thoughts of continuing
his piratical depredations, refolved to take pains
to ingratii;:e himfelf with the fultan of Mindanao,
to whom accordingly he fent rich prefeiits, nor were
his chief minilters forgotten upon the occafion.
I'heli; civilities had a very nood effe£l j the prefents
were gracioufly received, and the fultan had an hour's
cunverfation with Mr. Moore (who had failed from
London in quality of a fupercargo) in the courfe of
which he aflced many quellions by means of aSpanifh
interpreter. Captain Swan was the next day invited
on fliore, with whom alfothe king difcourfed much, and
once more demanded whether the Englifli were conic
to fettle there in confequence of the letters he had re-
ceived from the Eaft India company. This convcr
fation, as may be cafily imagined, was very enter-
taining, Swandcfcribing to the fultnn the adventures
he had gone through, and the various countries ho had
fecn, and the Indian prince entertaining him with
accounts of the nature and produce of his country.
After Captain Swan left the royal prclence he was en-
Iiptun Sivin '"■'*'""' ''y '^'J* Laut, the fultan's uncle, with a
>iLiair,cdl>y banquet of boiled rice, fifli, and fowls, after the Eaft
laja Laiit. India fafhion. In order to fljew the raja's rcf^ard for
the captain, the latter was given to underftand,
" That while Mr. Goodluck refided in that city, he
had been robbed by a lervant belonging to Raja Laut,
and that the fellow abfconded till Mr. Goodluck took
his leave: but that he now returned, and was ready
to be delivered up, to be punilhed in fuch manner,
and with fuch feverity, as crimes of the like nature
are punilhed with by the laws of England. But Capt.
Swan told him, that in his country none but the in-
jured purtjr could profccute the criminal ; and as the

man had committed no oflitnce againil him, he cc.ild
take no cognifancc of hiscrimc. The raja licaid him
with altonilhment ; and, to (hew that the princes ot
Mindanao were f.ir from countenancing fuch piaciices,
he caufcd the fellow to be ftript naked, tied to a poll,
and expofcd a whole day with his face to thj burning
fun J while the moflcitos continually toiniented him,
without a poflibility of being able to brulh them off,
a kind of torture that few arc hardy enough to fiir-
vivc. This condcfccnfion was followed by a like of-
fer from the captain, of delivering up every one of
his men who (hould offend againft tlie laws of the
Mindaneians; but the minifter returned the compli-
ment, and left the puniflimcnt to the captain himfelf,
who, upon the Icafl: complaint, puniflicd his men witli
a feverity that fhcwed more of revenge than of juf-
tice. Among thofe who felt the cffcdts of his indig-
nation was Captain Teat, his thief mate, who com-
manded the bark that accompanied him in his run
acrofs the fouthcrn ocean ; and others who had offend-
ed him on board he remembered, now he had the couii'
tenance of the court on fhore."

All this time Captain Swan was greatly honour.d
by the chiefs of the iflartd, and the water running low,
a number of the natives aflifted his men in lightening
the fhip to float her up the river, and moor her (c-
curcly. The natives came on bo,-ird, and the Englilh,
in return were invited on fhore, where they were well
entertained, and many of them formed connexions
with the bell families of the ifland. In the mean time
the young women were not wanting in difplaying at-
traaions, which to failors - ;me on fiiore from fuch .-i
vovage, could not but be agreeable. Thofe who had
gold, as is always the cafe in fuch circumftanccs, h.id
the preference, and the females generally took cars
thvy fhouM pay well for their favours. As there were
artificers who worked in the gold and jewelling way
on the ifland, they took care to come in for their fliare
of the advantage, making thofe who befpoke toys for
their miftrefles give a fuflicient price for their lovc-
prefents. When they took the ingots of gold prc-
fented by the Englifii for exchange, they gave them
juft what fum they pleafed :— — Thus fome got 16 or
18 dollars an ounce, while they put others off with
12 J and even the price of nccefl'arics was advanced
after the arrival of thefe adventurers at Mindanao.
The captain himfelf, though generally fuppofed by
his people not to be of the moft generous dilpofition,
yet gave countenance in a great meafurc to the diflipa-
tion of his followers. The fultan's piilace, or that of
Raja Laut, was his conflant refort, efpccially the lat-
ter, where fome of his followers who were not pol-
fcffed of any property came, and were entertained
with vi<auals dreffcd up in the fame manner of the
natives, who made no ufe either of knives or forks,
but crammed themfclvcs with as much as their mouths
would hold. To the hoggifli cuftoms even of the
lowcft of thefe people, the voyagers could have no
obje<5tion while they were received hofpitably, and
made no doubt but they were entertained at free coft.
Some apologies were made to the commander on
account of its being the Ramadam or Lent in thofu
parts. On this account likewife there was a fufpen-
iion of the diverfiuns of the country, the people being
Mahometans.

The expelled rains coming on in the month of
Auguft, with ftormy weather, the river fwelled and
large trees driving down upon the veflels, they were
in perpetual danger of driving on fhore. The fealon
fufpcnded bufinefs as well as pleafure, in the city,
which flood in the midft of water, without any
other communication between the houfes, while the
inundation continued, in which cafe the pofls where-
on their dwellings were ereiSed, proved very fcrvicc-
able in fecuring them from the effeiils of the water.

Having paffed the Ramadam, and waited for the
fubfiding of the waters. Raja Laut entertained Cap-
fain Swan, with fome of the dances of the country j
thofe who were employed in them, performing to
vocal mufic, which from flow went on to fwift time,

Wlli

i6Ss

*rriK VOYAGE OF

j6S6 and tKedahcers moved thi-ir Iicad?, arniF, and bodici

' V- — ' with nmnziiig quicknefs, their legs and lict bring hut

The raptain ''"'^ employed in thefc tatitartic mcaturts. In order
the to return this compliment, Capt;iin Swiin, who nl-

Iniliiiiti

•ri,c R.ii.'s
c..ii.!u« fuf-

ways wiflicd toimprefson the idanders a high idea ot'
his own confequence, gave them a dance after the
Encli(h manner, to which the ("ultan, the chiels, and
their women were invited. The room being hung
itrith fillts, adorned with gold and filvcr lace, imd il-
luminated with a great number of wax candles, made
fuch an appearance as aftcnifhed the Indians. After
the dancing was over, they were unwilling to with-
draw, though their appetite as well as their fi[;ht
had been feafted, favoury dlftics and fwcctmcats bav-
in;;; been provldeil for the purpofc. It was near day-
break when the fultan retired, and his women reluc-
tantly accompanied him. — R.ija Laut and bis fe-
male train ftaid after his iiKijelty w.is departed j and
wine wes drank among them, notwitl'ltanding the
prohibition of the Mahometan law. 'I'liis entertain-
ment furniflicd great matter of convtrf^.tlon among
rfic Mindaneian.s who of all the dancers tliey had
lien, liked none fo well as one Jack 'I'liackcr, a com-
mon failor, who had learned to I'ance horn-pipes at
VVappin;;, with which he had exceedingly diverted
them.— i'rh'e Raja enquiring who hv was, one of his
mellinates told his highnefs that In; was an Englilh
nobleman,' who travelled plerely for his divcrfion,
adding that the rell were gentlemen who had left
England from a dcfiie of travelling. Captain Swan
hearing of this, vexed perhaps at the impofition, and
confulting an ill fupportcd dignity rather than the
di<J>ates of good-nature,- cxhibiteil on this occafion
another inftancc of ill-timed feveritv. He caufed this
man, who, it is faid, was ignorant of what had been
repented of him, to be ftrip|x:d of his fine clothes and
lathed in the prcfencc of the Raja.

This prince, who had fo long been confulered by
the Englifli, and particularly bv their commander, as
their bell friend, when tliey preparol for their de-
parture, gave fome tokens of his infincerity. Ex-
aminina; the bottoms of the vcflcis, they found that
of the bark to be eaten by the worms into holes
like the cells of a honeycomb, and unfit for fervicc,
the fliip being fheathed, had onlv her falfe bottom
dtdioyed. In thefc cirtumdances, application was
made to ihc Raja, for planks to renew the fhcathing
of the latter, who coming down to view it, fcemcd
much difconcerted, obferving, this was the firft fhip
he had fecn with two bottoms. This give occafion
to fufpeiSl that he wifticd the fhip h.id been rendered
unlerviceable as well as the bark, by which means
he might have had her gun?, as he had fecn a Dutch
fliip thus dilahled, tliat could never put to fea
again. His never apprifing Captain Swan of the
danger which he coukt not but be acquainted with,
coiihimcd the fufpicion. As to the natives, they gc-
ncrallv hauled their vefllls uiion the beach, to burn
their bottoms, and let them lie there till they were
wanted again. It was about the middle of November
that the Eiiglifh began to examine their veflids, and
having repaired the (heathing, and put the ballaft,
llores, and ^:;unt on board, the month of December
was taken up in their ncccffary employment, and it
W.1S tlie beginning of January when they began to
Hll water. At this time they applieil to Raja Laut
to furnifh them with buffaloes, which he had iiro-
mifed them (hould not be wanting. Thefc buffaloes,
being wild, he pretended every day to take his men
out to hunt them, but, on their return, their gucfts
were always given to underftand that they had not
met with fuccefs. Nor did Captain Swan himfelf
feem very eager to fet fail. In return for lead and
iron fold to tl>c Raja he expelled a certain quantity of
rice and beefi but the Raja, had not fulfilled his
agreement. He had befidcs borrowed 20 ounces of
gold of the captain, but would not return it ; charg-
ing him a greater fum for his own and his mens board,
'i'hus things went ill on fliore, and all was (till worfc
oji board, where the majority were for continuing

their piratical ravages j fome Wi ru ivt gctriiig homft
as loon as poflibic, and fojiie having formed connex-
ions witii the natives, would wiUJM^'yhavc li.iyed nt
MiiTdanao. In the midll of thi'. B.ibel ofccmfufion,
thiife who wifhed to return hmne, piirchaled a vellbl,
defigning privately to depart for Borneo, where they
underllood they ftiould meet with an KnL'lifh failory ;
and from thence they fdppofcd they might lindancafy
paffage fo England. But the dtlign was difcovered,
and thofe concerned in it were threatened to be punifh-
cd .isdefcrters. AiiMlior fit of malr-coiitents withdrew
and coMcialcd thmifelvrs, in order that they might be nif'"'''"
left behind in the country. In the mean tiinc,"thofe »'""''p ^'l'.
who continued on board the flilp f. iit iron on (liorc, ' ' "" "'
to be exchanged for honey and arrack, the latter of
which intoxicating them, added to their dif(udt'rs.

Reprcllntations) had been made to Captains wan, th.it
in oidi.r to fettle all thefc dillinbanccs, it was highly
neccd'ary for him to declare himfelf, and it i^ highly
probable that if he had exertid his good fenfc upon
the occafion, and fettled m;aicrs on board inftead of
attetKiing fo much to his iuterells on Oiorr, he might
ftill have brought matters to a happy iffuo. A day
w.-is, liowcver, fixed (the 13th of January) when he
promifed to come on board and ordered the mIioIo
crew to attend him ; but two days before his gunner
going on board for fomcthing, which the captain
wantetl, his journal fell into the hands of John Hmd,
an aitill, who finding tlie mutinous behaviour of the
crew noted in it, and particularly the coiiduifl of .1
namefakc of his, a Jamaica man, this journal was
handed about, and the confequence was, that the
whole lli'p's crew, Simulated by Captain Tent,
fworc that they would never fail again under their
old commander. This refolution being taken, molt
of them were for departing immediately, but neither
of fht furgeons w " 0:1 board.

The next morning they fcnt to dcfire the prefence
of the furgeons, on pretence of a man's having broken Thtir nr»u«
his leg. riic chief furgeon did not come, but fcnt his fi^'"-
mate, Mr. Herman Coppingcr, and Uampicr went
with him. Having fo far crfcdled their purpofe, they
difpatched their canoe to the fliorc to bring .iway all
who chofe to come on hoard v.iihouC making Swan
acquainted with the matter. On the 1 -jth in the
morning, they weighed and fired a gun, whereupon
Mr. Nelly, the chief mate, was fent to demand the
reafon of this proceeding. They Ihcwed him the
journal, and complained heavily of the captain's
treatment. By him, however, they were perfuaded to
wait for the captain, though they declared againll a
reconciliation. But Captain Swan, whofc cnaraiSlcr
was rcferve and diffident either chofe not to truft him-
felf with thofe who conceived he had injured them,
or difdained entering into a conference with men
whom, from his heart, he hated and defpifed, and who
h^d lb often give pioofs of their wilhes to Ihakc off
ail authority.

However that might h?, lie and 36 others were left
behind in the town. When to thefc were added 16
who died, as fome fuppofed, of poifon, and feveral
who deferted, the number of thofe that departed wan
redurcel from I50to-8o, who fet fail on the 14th of ttk,. fj, f^y H
January, at three o'clock in the afternoon, refolving without tlic.;RJ
to trufl to thcmfelves for the chance of their future commamlrr.
fortunes.

On the i7th they anchored in a bay on the weft fide
of a fmall Ifland, where they proccede-d to the eleftion
of their officers.* Having fupplied thcmfelves with
water, they afterwards continued their courfe : In their
w.iy they Aruck upon a rock, on which they lay for
two hours, but being heaved off by the rifing of the
tide, got clear of the danger, with the lofs of a piece
of their rudder. They anchored afterwards at the
north well end of the Ifland Mindcra, and here »
canoe with fome Indians coming up with them, told

them

^ On tliis occafion jolin Rca(!, the Tarnaica mani was clitifcn
cap-ain, I'lioiiii^ 1'cit, mitkr, IDU Henry Mote, rjuutcro
iiullii.

tAPTAIN DAMPIERi

liiig tiomft
i coniH'X-

c Hayocl at ,

confufion,
:i a vdlbl,
khcrc they
h lartory ;
inilnncafy
difcovcred,
be piinifti-
s withdrew
ymiKhtK-^'f"';^--"

time, thote ^^^..j„f;_ ^,5^,.

II oil fliorc.

If latter of

irmdors.

1 Swan, that

wivs highly

It i< highly

fenfc upon
J inftead of
c, he might
u'. A day
y) when he
( the whole
• his gunner

the captain
•John Bead,
ivioiir of »ho
conduifl of a
journal was
as, that the
ptaiii Tent,
I under their

taken, moft
, but neither

: the prcfence

laving broken TlKirnriti.

kbutfenthisK^'"-
ampler went
purpofe, they

>n^

awav all

aking Swan

iyh in the

whereupon

demand the

wed him the

the captain's

: perl'uaded to

red againft a

lofc charaftcr

to truft him-

injurcd them,

ce with men

ifetl, and who

to (hake off

hers were left

ere added l6
and feveral

departed wa»
II the 14th of They fet f/i! I
on, rcfolving without il«i; I
f their future commamlfr.

the weft fide

:o the eleflion

;mfelves with

rfe: in their

they lay for

rifing of the

lofs of a piece

rwards at the

(, md here a

ih them, told

them

thetti ttiit if they had any intention of trafficking with
the Spanifli merchants they might obtain tor a trifle a
recommendatory letter from a certain friar which would
be ferviceable to them had they been inclincil to fuch an
honeft occupation. But they were diftcrcntly difpofed.
havock and fpoil were thtir delight, they therefore
declined this offer, and proceeded on their courfc to
Luconia, which they reached on the 23d of February,
where they took a Spanilh bark, bound for Manilla,
laden with rice and cotton cloth. The mafter of this
veffel was boatfwain to the Acapulco ftiip that paflcd
by Guam, and he was the perfon who related by what
means fte had efcaped them there, with the reft oj
the circumftances already mentioned. This piratical
crew now determined to go to Pulo Condore, to wait
there for the Acupulco fliip which generally arrives
at Manilla about the Utter end of the month of May.
They caft anchor at Condore on the coalt of Cam-
bodia,* on the lAth of March, and on tlie i6th en-
tered a harbour where they ciu-cened their fliip, being
aflifted by the Indians, whobrought themho;',s and turtle
in exchange for rice, of which thev had a great quan-
tity in ftorc. While they were thus employed, two
men who were fuppofed to have been poii'oned at Min-
danao, died, and when thev weic opened by the I'urgcon,
their livers were found dry and black, foinewhac re-
fembling pieces of cork. The reafon D.inipier af-
fignsfor thcMlndaneians thu< poi:'oni;i!j; the Kiiglith
was, that Ibmeoftheirguefts had made toe IrLc-wiili their
wives, and the hiifbands thereupon took this method
of revenging themfelves.

From Condore they failed for Siam on the 21ft of
kef fail for April, being piloted thitlter by an I'.d Indian who
^ was convcrfant in the Malayan tongue. Thus con

dufted, they arrived in the bay of Siam aAer a run of
three days : Their intention here was to get foine dried
fifli i but being difappointed in that particular, they
left the place on the 21ft of May, and returned to
Pulo Condore. In their coune they overtook a
Chinefe junk, which accompanied them all the way,
and by her crtw they were told that the Englifli had a
fa£lory at a place called Silleber, on the ifland of Su-
matra. When they reached the place of their defti-
nation, Read ohferving a Malayan vefl'el at anchor
within fliore, fent a canoe to know from whence they
came, at the fame time eiving his men a caution not
to truft themfelves with the ftrangers, but to hail them
from the canoe. But they, as regardlcfs of his advice,
•s many of them had been of their old commander's,
went on board unarmed. The confequence was that the
Indians fuddenly falling upon them, ftabbed five or fix
with their fhort daggers. The reft jumped overboard
and reached the boat, and amongft them one Daniel
Wallis who knew nothing of the art of fwimming,
nor ever fwam before or after that time ; yet he got to
the boat as well as his companions. This alfo is ano-
ther inftance to illuftrate that maxim of thofe hidden
powers in man which arc never known till they are
exerted upon fome prefTing emergency. At this place
Herman Coppingcr went on fliore with an intention
of fcparating himfelf from the fhip's company whofe
manners ana proceedings were by no means agrc'e-
able to him ; but Read fent an armed party to bring
him on board again ; and thus his defign was defeated.
They remained on this ifland, being detained by bad
weather, till the 4th of June, and then departed,
after having taken on board a Malayan Portuguefe
from the junk, as an interpreter, and at lafl, they
weighed anchor with a contrary wind. Ten days they
expe£lcd its ihifting, fo as to carry them to Manilla ;
hwy jlinndon but at laft perceiving all their hopes were vain, they
leir dcfi('n on direiSed their courfc towards Prata, in the 20th de-
Ic.'icaimko grcc of north lat. with the idea of (ilhing up fome of
rl'- the treafure faid to be loft in the China (hips that had

been caft iiway there. But they could not make this
ifland, the wind driving them to that called St. John's on
Vol. I. N- 7.

nin, was chiifsn

iMlHC, ilUMttl*

* Dampier obfcrict that ainr/n^ the priKluitions ef the cluHcr
of iflandi upon this coalt, there is a tree thici- or four fret in
girt, froin which tbcoatifcs draw 1 juice Uiat whca boiled U-

thccoaftof China, where, however, tlicy were Ibp- 1687

plied with hogs and buffaloes. * >, '

Some of the (hip's company went over to the con-
tinent, but found nothing there that anfvv-ered their ex-
peaations: And on the 3d of July thiy left St.
John's, weighing anchor with a gentle gale ; but the
next day began a moft violent fform, the wind blow-
ing from the north-eaft. This tempeft continued to
increafe till midnight. At that difinal feafon, the
clouds poured down all their torrents, the thunders A ilrti.'ti.l
roared, the lightenings flafhed inccll'ant, and the feattnifni.
itfelf refemblcd a ftieet of liquid fire, except when at
intervals the moft horrid darknefs rcftcd upon the
ocean. In the mean time the rifing furees at one mo-
ment were ready to lift the (hip to the clouds, and the
next threatened to plunge her for ever in the gulphi
Ix math. The fcas continued breaking fliort upon the
vedcl, which laboured dreadfully in this conflidl of
the lighting elements. The rails of the head were
carricil away by a breach the waves made: over them,
and by the fame furje the fhert anchor, though llrongly
lafhed was dillociged, and ftrlk'ng ag jmIV tne bows of
the vefTel, was expected to pierrc throuLilk her planks.
To prevent this, they were oblii^ed to Rucr befoie the
wind i and having once taken this courfe they lould
by no means alter it while the ftorm continued, but
were obliged to be driven juft whither the winds and
feas impelled them. The violence of the tempelt
continued till four in the morning, when it abated,
and the failois faw that well-known met.'or called a
Corpus Sant, (hining like a flar at the mall-head,
in which cafe it is reckoned a favourable token ; but if
it apjrears on the deck, is deemed a very bad fij' n ;
for whieS conclufions there may be philofophical rea-
fons a(rigi."d ! but iea-faring men never i;ivc tlum-
felves the trciblc to inquire into them.

The gale tiiough ftill ftrong, fubfided by degrees
into a perfeft calm. So that, after fcudding before the
wind till feven in the morning, they then lay to under
their mizzen till eleven. Then the gale died away ;
but ftill the heavens wore a lowring afpeift, fuch as
prefaged another ftorm, which accordingly came on
from the fouth-weft, attended with violent (howers
and the (hip was once more obliged to be driven be-
fore the wind, till ten at night, when all was calm and
tranquil again. Having referred to their charts, they
were now of opinion that the beft courfe they could
take would be to fteer for the iflands called Pifcadores,
fituatc in 23° north lat. and by the aotli of July they J

came in fight of them. As they knew nothing more
of thefe iflands than their name, they were furprifed
to find a fpacious harbour, and to fee a number of
junks palling and repalling. As foon as they had
anchored, and attempted to land, a Tartarian officer
afked who they were, and to what port they were
bound. Being anfwered, that they were from Eng-
land, and in diftrds!, they were given to underftand
that they (hould be furnimed with what they wanted,
but that they muft not come on fhore. Accordingly
they wrere fupplied with the beft of prnvifions, and
ftayed till the 29th, when they departed, after the
captain had prefented the governor with a filvcr-hilted
rapier, a carbine, and a gold chain, in return for his
civility.

The Englifh then dirciaed their courfc to a duller
of iflands which lie between Formofa and Luconia,
the place on which their hearts were fct, and arrived
in fight of them on the 2d of Auguft. They found ^•'"'" '"=
them well inhabited, and ftored with goats and fwine,
but by no means abounding in i>oultry. Thefe ifles
not having received any names before, Rc.id gave them
the ccneral name of Bafhee iflands.

The accounts of this voyage inform us that the

fituation of their towns were very remarkable •* They

\vere built on precipices on every fide inacccffible but

by ladders placed at the end of the ftreets, which

T ran

comet cxa£lly the fame as our tar, fofTcinng all iia quali-
ties, i'

*•

THE VOYAGE OP

* Capiain Dampier fays the fiiiiihs l>e1Iows arc conHrufled in
the foliowinf^ manner : Tlie inlirumcnt is compofed of two
hollow cvlindcr'., like lar^e wootfcn water-pipes : they are cut
flat at both cmli, about four feet lon^, placed upright at the
tlillancc of al>uut four feet from each otlKr, oa a Hone hearth,
before the fire. A pipe is placed within two inches of the bot-
tom of each, which projcft like a cock towards the fire, l>cndinp
to fucli a inanucr that the pipes from both cylinders meet aut) '

1687 Ian in parnllcl lines, whereon the houfes lofe in ranges
^^V^' one .lbove another, till they ended at hft in a fingle
row. The inhabitants were acquainted with the ufe
of iron, and liad a fort of yellow metal, like gold,
among them, which they exchanged fur it j but un-
fortunately Dampier could get none of it, bccaufv he
had nothing to give in return. They were very in-
genious, had Urge filhing boats, and lived in a dif-
ferent manner frum any whom thcCe Buccaneers had
ever (ccn. In regard to their fooil, they were lb far
from being nice, that they would gather up the goats
fkins and goats paunches, which the I'ailors threw
away and alter finging would broil and eat the for-
mer, and having ftewcd the other without much
trouble in cleanfing, would mix it with raw fifli,
and llrewing it with (alt, make a ftrange fort of fal-
magundy. But the paunches of the fwine they did
not ehul'e to eat. They feemed to be very cleanly in
their perlbns, and were good-natured, and Co honefl
that they would take nothing but what was given to
them ; neither were they ever made angry with Gran-
gers, though cauf'.' Iiifficicnt was frequently given j
nor did they quarrel with each other. They had this
praife, that no provocation could make them angry,
nor any tem|)tation induce them lu tranfgrefs the
rule:; of honclty.

Thefe Indians conftantty fupplicd the (hips with
hogs, Boats, potatoes, and the fruits of the country ;
where Read having remained till the vellel was ac-
commodated with provifions and their calks filled with
water, after a ftay of a month, and ten days, prepared
to fail on the 24th of September, when, juft as they
were ready to fet fail, a tempcll forced them to cut
their cables, and though fix of their beft hands were
left behind, to put to fea in the utmoft confufinn.

Thus driven by the winds, they ran under their
bare poles, nor were they able to return to their fta-
tion till the iirft of Oiitober, when their men were
brou;^ht on board by the natives, who had been re-
markably kind to them in the abfence of their compa-
nions, endeavouring, however, to perfuadc them to ad-
opt the Indian cufioms, and ofFering each the choice
of a wife, with a little piece of land, and planters im-
plements by way of a dowry. For their care and hu-
manity thty were rewarded with three bars of iron,
which was the only fort of metal that they coveted.
The crew by this time b?gan to be heartily tired of
their voyage, and defirous to return j but llcad .uid
4 Teat ftill wifhed for opportunities to try their fortune.

Howxver, finding the men determined to ft.iy no
longer on thofe coafts, they perfiuided them (for there
was no fuch thing as commanding) to have patience
till they fhould arrive at Cape Comorin, after which
-s every man fliould be at liberty to take his own courfc

if he difapprovcd that of the commander. This point
being fettled, they propoftd to coaft along the cait fide
' of the Philippines, and to keep fouth to the fpice

iflands, for fear of meeting Englifll or Dutch (hips,
and fo pafs into the Indian Ocean near Timor. With
this defign they proceeded on their voyage, on the 3d
of October, leaving the illand of Luconia on the weft
and quitting all thole golden projects with which once
they had flattered tliemftlvcs. And thus they ftood
Tliev return on to the fouthward till they came in fight of the
to Minilan.io. Ifland of ,St. John, on the coaft of Mindanao, and,
on the 1 6th came to an anchor on the fouth-caft fide
of that illand. — Having thus conducted our adventur-
ers once again to the fame country, where they left
their captain, we will here give a (hort (ketch of the
illand, and the manners of its inhabitants before we
proceed with our narrative.

The Illand of Mindanao lies in y of north lat. yet
by means of the gentle fea breezes in the day and the

cooling land winds at night, the aii' \% generally tent'

perate, and the country fruitful and covered with a

perpetual verdure. The hills abound with gold, ami Dcfcrlpiion of

the plains arc watered by rivers and fprings. The tlic illand.

lawns are interfperfed with groves and trees, fome of

which yield n cooling (hade, whilft others are more

ufcful, producing food for the natives of that happy

climate.

Their houfes, as we have already obferved« arc all
built upon polls, ami even the fultan's palace has but
one floor though it has a number of apartments, ftands
upon itto polls, and is 20 feet above the level of thu
ground. I'ho roofs of all their dwellings confift of
palmetto leaves. As to the area beiKath their houfrs
they confidcr it as a fort of common (ewer, into which
all manner of filth is thrown, and remains there till the
violence of the currents, which arc fometimes foftrong
as to overturn the houfes, carries itaway. Theiflandcii
bathe conftantly evciy day, and are very clean in their

jKrfons, ufing generally the ablutions of the Maho'
metan?, and holding fwine in abomination. BrcaJ
fruit, rice, fago, plantains, cocoa nuts, and other
fruits of the country form the chief part of their diet.
Beef and fowls are more rarely ufed, and confidereJ
rather as dainty dilhes than common or fubftanti;il
food. The people in general are lowof ftatuic, with
fmall heads, and of a copper complexion. 'Che wo-
men are fairer than the men, but their nofes arc fmall
and flat, which renders them on a near approach,
rather difagrccable. They were found to be exuemely
amorous, and fond of while men, who could fcartely
walk the llreets without being invited and almolt
forced into their dwellings. Their hair is black and
long, and they .ire better drcflid than the men. The
habit generally worn confifts of a looliS jacket and a
petticoat. The jacket flceves are wide at the (houldcrs,
but cut in the flopc to the waift, where they are ex-
tremely ftraiyht and tight. Silks and fine calicoes
arc ufed for cloathing by the higher fort of people,
but for the lower ranks an ordinary fort of cloth
called Saggen, wliich is woven from the plantain tree.
They had (hip-builders, carpenters, fmiths, and
goldfmiths, ainon^ them, who work by no means
contemptibly conlidering the fimpic nature of the
tools which they employ.* There is only one mofquc
in Mindanao, which is not much refortcd to. In
the room of a clock they notify the hour by means
of a vaft drum kept in the mofque for that purjxjfe,
which is bcll-(haped and pl.iced over a large cavity,
and the hciid of it is covered with brafs. This in-
ftrument is called a Gong, and is attendeil by a number
of pcrfons who relieve each other watching by night
and day. Thefe people have a ftick, which h.is a
ball at the end of it ; with this at certain intervals
they ftrike thegong, and the found that proceeds from
it is loud enough to be heard through all the town.
The natives make uli; of circumcifion, which is not
performed among the common people till about the
age of twelve, but the princes of the blood undergo
this operation (which is attended with much cere-
mony) at thu end of eight dnyt.

With regard to the trees and fruits of Mindanan,
the following is a fummary of the account given of
them in this voyage. On the hilly ground the natives
cultivate potiitocs, yams, mtlons, and many other
vegetables, and rice grows in the marihy grounds.
They make a fort of bread out of the pith of fome t)f
their trees as well as extradf a pic ifant drink from the
fap of others. Here are found cloves and nutmegs ;
alfo oranges, plantains, banan.is, betel nuts, duriaiis,
and cocoas, befides the bread-fruit of which we have
mailc mention.

As to the plantain, Dampier prefers it to all the

left

end in one before they reach it. Bcine Axed linn, a man ktcps
up a perpetual bltll with two light brufiics, inaiie nf feathers
which they work alternately like two pilhins, nor have they any
other vice or anvil thw > large llnnt: or the Imi-cnd of an old
cannon. The car|icnters have neither planes nor fawi, vet by
pcrfcverancc they continue tofplitand Imoutli tlicir boards I'crf
neailv, and the wotk piurc. uiure durable, the j>i am of the waa4
icmaiiiing unbiokca.

Captain dampieR.

eratty tent'

■red with a

h gold, ami Ocfcripiiim «(

ngs. 'rile''"'"""''

cs, Tome of

s are moro

that happy

ve<]< arc all
ilaci- has but
Lciits, flands

level of till!

p confifl of
their houfrs
, into which
there till the
nes foftrong
['he illandcii
lean in their

the Maho-
ion. Bread
, and other
^f their diet.
1 conlideicJ
' fubft<inti:d
Haturc, wiili
. The wo-
jfcs arc fnvill
u approach,
bcexianKly
Dulil fcarccly

and almolc
is black and
c men. The
jacket and a
he {houldcrs,
they are cx-
fine c.ilicocs
t of people,
brt of cloth
plantain tree.

finiths, and
ly no means
atiire of the

one mofque
[rtcd to. In
[ir by means

hat pur]>ofe,
large cavity.
This in-

bya number

ng by night

ihich has a

in intervals

rocceds from
1 the town.

ihich is not

|ill about thu
undergo

much ccrc-

Mindanan,
lint given of
1 the natives
[many other
ly grounds.
i\ of fonie of
Ink from the
Id nutmegs ;
lits, duriaiis,
I'th we have

to all the
iclt

I. a man kteps
lie of fL-athcrt
!iavc tl.cy any
knil ut an old
J (aws, vtt bv
lit boarils very
In ot [lie ;vi>a4

rtft, tailing It the king of fruits. " The tree that
bean it it between three and four feet in circumfe-
rence, and rifct about ten or twelve feet high. When
•t its height, there fprings from the top a Item about
the fixe of a man's arm, round which the fruit grows
in clufters in fhapc, not unlike the Turky cucumber,
the coat of which is of a yellow colour when ri|)e.
The inclofed fruit is of a delicate flavour and melts
in the mouth like marmalade, [when over-ripe it has
a tafte fomewhat like that of a mellow |)ear]. Ft is
highly eftcemcd by all Europeans, and all their fettle-
ments are furniflied with plantain walks, fome fami-
lies fubfilling wholly upon that fruit. The bonanoe
for banana] differs but little from the phintain except
in fric, being fmaller and lefslufcious.

•' The nutmeg and clovc-trccsarc rare in this ifland,
but thofc that grow are large and fine. The natives
difcouragc their growth, for fear of exciting the jca-
loufy of the Dutch who have monopolifed the whole
trade for fpiccs, and who keep a company of armed
foldiers in p.iy to cut down the fpicc trees in the un-
inhabited illands, left the European nations IhouM
avail themfelves of their plenty. In fame of the call-
cm illands, it is ufual to fee, at the Ihedding time,
cloyes lying three or four inches thick under the trees.

" Of the betel nut all the caftern people are im-
moderately fond. It is the fruit of a tree that grows
like a cabb.igc-tree, to the height of ten or twelve
feet, without cither leaf or branch, and llun fends
forth Ihoots on every fide, among which the fruit is
found in cluders, on tough ftalks, about the hignefs
of a man's finger. It is larger than a nutmeg and
rounder j they cut it in quarters, (when green) wrap-
ping each quarter up in an Arkca-leaf, and chewin;?
loth together. It taites rough, dyes the lips red, and
makes the teeth black.

As to the durian it grows on trees like npplc-trccs,
and are in fizc as large as pompions, covered with a
rind, which, when ripe, opens and fends forth a
flrong fccnt, not unlike that of roafted onions : It
divides into chives, each about the fize of a pullet's
egg, the infidc of which is of the confidence of
cream, and if not eaten in its prime, there is no
enduring its rankncfs. The jacca differs very little
from the durians ; except the mfide of the former is
yellow, and that of the latter is white."

To return to the thread of Dampier's narrative, he
fays, Th.1t while they lay in the bay they had intel-
ligence by means of the young prince whom we have
already mentioned as coming from a neighbouring
ifland, that Captain Swan* and his people remained
ftill at Mindanao, and had acquired great honour in
the wars of Raja Laut, thougli thofc who had defert-
ed him always pretended to doubt the courage of their
commander. It fecms he had offered 40 ounces of

gold for a (hip to convey him from the ifland, but the
[aja (a circumftance not uncommon anions the
the caftern princes) would not fuffer his departure.

The prince of Meangis having prohiifed to give
Readahandfome reward for conveying him to his own
ifland, the Engl ifliman promifed to wait three days,
during which time Dampier, who approved not the
behaviour of his companions to their old captain,
took occafion to try how far there was any likelihood
of reftoring him to his command. His firft trial with
a party that was on fhore filling water, gave him hopes
of fucccf^, as they feemed well enough affeitcd to his
project, and were intrcated to take no notice of the
matter ; however it happened unluckily that one of
them though he apnea- cd very zealous for the caufe
betrayed the matter, and the confequence was that
Read immediately took mcafures for his departure, and

» He ami his men (wc arc tolil) lljvc.l « Ions 'in'c « Min-
danao i Harili >p.inil Smith, In, iiicrch'anis ilicil in tliel'c remote
partii MelT. Nelly ami Rofv, Lis mjtev, got tlieir palFaije to
Batavia in a Dutch (hip, anil Iroin thence at lad came fafc to
£uropc.

As to the commander he was run down ami drowned, •« he
wai trying to get on board a Dutch vi (III. This was done by
the nativci, by order of his old friend Kaji I.iut, and was i.r«-

weighing anchor, on the 2d of November fet fail, and iGH^
ftood to the weflward, without •aitiiii- for the prince, ««*V*ii»
who was to have come on board that day.

On the qlh the wind changing they came to Ubesj
in 3" of north lat. and anchored in a landy bay.
Here they found a fort of creeping vine, the leaves of
which being pounded and boiled with hog's lard
proved a cure for ulcers. The people being informed
of its ufc, filled their cherts with it, and found they
were not deceived in their ideas of its virtues. They
fet fail on the 30th to the fouthward, and in the after-
noon met with a violent tornado, and faw a water
fpout. Afterwards they continued proceeding flowly
till, on the 4th of December they came up with thu
north-weft end of the ifland of Boutun, where they
found an Indian that brought thr.n to a harbour where
they faw the fultan, who ga\c them liberty to purchafe
fome turtle, which proved very fer. -cable to them. t
Having taken leave of him they fet about weighing up
their anchor, but as it had ituck in a rock, they
were obliged to bo contented witn the cable only, and
ftecred to the fouth-weft. f.iiliiig hv fome idands where
the natives beat drums in the night uiiring their paf-
fagc. In their courfc towards I'imor they paded by
Omba, and itccred to the fouthward, with a defign
to touch at New Holland. They fell in with tliis Tlieyarrivcon
coaft on the 4th of January, in 15" 6' fouth lat. and ''."■' '"'" "•
Mm"? to a point, from whence the land tended eaft "^''^^ ilulUnd.
and fouthcrly for 10 leagues. They fell in upon the
weft fide, of which part of the country (uncertain
whether an ifland or continent) Uampicr gives tlic
following defcription.

" The land is of a dry fandy foil, deftitutc of water,
except you make wells. There are divers forts of
trees ; but the woods arc not thick, nor trees lari^e.
Moft of them were dragon trees of the fize of apple-
trees. — We compared the gum with the gum dragon
[Trag.icanth] we had aboard, and found it the fame.
Wcfaw no trees that bore fruit. We faw no animal
nor any track of animal but one, and that was of the
fize of^ a maftift'-dog. Few land birds, and none big-
ger than a black-bird i few fea fowls; few fifti, (tur-
tle and manatee excepted.) The inhabitants are the
moft mifcrable people in the world ; without houfes,
without clo.ithing ; without conveniences of any
kind s and fetting afide their human fliapc, very little
different from brutes. They are tall, ftrait-bodied,
thin, have fmall limbs, great heads, round foreheads,
and large brows ; their eye-lids are al way half-clofed ;
thev have great bottle-nofcs, full lips, wide mouthsy
and two fore teeth in the upper jaw wanting in all of
them J but whether they draw them out or not, I
know not. They are long vifaged, without beards,
of an unpleafing afixrft, with no one graceful feature
in their faces ; their hair black, (hort and curled like
the ncgros, and their colour coal-black. They live I

in companies, 20 or 30 men women and children to- •''

gcther } their food is h(h, and their manner of catch-
ing them is in weirs, acrofs little inlets of the fea, in
which every tide leaves fome ; they have no inftru-
ments to take great fifti. In other places they fifti for
cockles, mufcles, periwinkles, but of thefc there arc
but few J of what they catch all partake alike ; all
watch the tides, for all depend upon the fea for their
fupport i the earth producing neither herb, root, pulfc,
or any fort of grains. Thefe poor creatures have a
fort of weapons confifting of a piece of wood, (haped
fomewhat like acutlafs, and a long ftraight pole with
a ftiarp end hardened in the fire } with thefe they made
a Oicw of frightening us j but on firing one gun they
all ran away frightened t."

Dampier tells us that, wretched as the .ippeanince

r«.i

lably owing to the avarice of the Indian, as well as to his de-
fire of keeping an experienced Euro|ican in liis country.

■;--4,

t The fultan alfb prefented Read with a boy who had'a double
ngc ot teeth, one fet within the other in each jaw.
} 1'"=/"^". ^'''l', fi"'' ''"» Mcount to Iw different in many
given by Captain Cooke, who touched here
It is however to be obfervtd that h* rifited

rcfpefls from that

in tbu Endeavour.

the cjllcra fide of the ifland,

THE VOYAGE OP

r •:;rf

',5

1688 o( thcfe natives w«rr, tlie crew made acquaintance
1,1.1 / with them, anil gave thrm meat. 'I'hit they devoured
riMiJily cnuugh, Dut paid no rcgnrd tu the Ihip, nor
any tiling thnt they law ahout them, appearing to he
quite devoid of thai fort of ciiriolity which might na-
turally he expettcd upon fuih an occafion.*

Finding that nothing wan likely to b« had here, they
ciuiitrtl the roaft on the nth of March, intending at
tirrt for the Ifleof Coc(«s in the 12th degree of fouth
latitude ; but the wind proving unfavourable to their
dcfign, they ftood for the ides on the welt of Sumatra,
tin the iHin they c.une to an idand where they killed
fevcriilof thebirdi called Boobiea, and men of war's
birds, and nifo found a large animal in Ihape like a
crnb, without clawn, which burrowed in the ground
after the manner of rabbits, and proved to be excellent
meat. Leaving this illand, tliey held on their courfe,
anil came in light of Sumatra on the 7th of April, and
tm the 17th niiule an illand named Trifte, where they
fupplicd thcmfi Ives with turtle. As they were cruil-
in^ among thefe iflands, they chaceti and took a praw
of Achin, laden with cocoa-nutt, and cocoa-nut
oil, with four men on board, whom thev detained
prifcncrs,and, boriny, a hole, in the bottom of the praw,
funk her, after tlicy had taken out of her what thev
thought lit. The men thus taken flicwed them all
the channels and openings which led to Achin, where
the Englilh had a fai^lory.

About 40 leagues to the N. N. W. of Sumatra
they fell in with one of the Nicobar iflands, the inha-
bitants of which were an independent people, trading
with any nation that came among them. Ambergris
and fruits were the lommodities in which they traded,
but the ambergris they were very apt to adulterate
The illand of Nicobar lies in 7" 30^ of north lati-
tude.

It was here that Dampicr at lafl found means to
bring his fchemc to bear, of leaving thefe pirates, to
whole condu(5l he had I'o great a diflike. Indeed their
behaviour was in every refpe£t fuch as none but the
worll of men could approve. Their defertion of their
commander which they juftilied on principles of re-
taliation was cruel, and contrary even to thofe rules
which Buccaneers for the fake of order ihould ob-
ferve. It is true that Captain Swan did not aft pru-
dently in fullering them to remain together at liberty
to urge each other to mifchief. But it is moft pro-
bable that being highly cnibarraflcd by thelofsof his
bark, into which he might have put fome of the moft
mutinous of his crew, and then dropped their com-
pany, and finding himfelf deceived in Raja Laut, he
fcarcely knew which way to proceed. He had thus
loft his hopes of trading with the 5000I. which he had
in his hands, the money refulting from the fale of
commodities which he had been led to put up at auc-
tion, when this motley crew forced themfelves upon
him for the purpofe of buccaneering, and thus difap-
pointed in his aims, he was unfettled in his relblutions,
and began at laft to be unwilling to truft himfelf with
thole who gave tokens of the depth of former refent-
ments. When all thefe things are confidercd, it may
he faid that his death was, in effeift, occafioned by the
diforderly conduct of his crew. But, to return to
Dampier : having conlidcrcd his own fituation and
the difpofition of his companions, he concluded that
it would not be eal'y for him to make his efcape i he
refolved therefore to alk Read to fct him on (hore at this
illand as foon as he found that the (hip was about to
fhil, and Read confenting, with a view of getting rid
of one who was continually finding fault with his
conduifV, our adventurer quickly colleiSed all his
moveables, and perfuaded fome of the crew to row
him on fliorc in the (hip's canoe +. Accordingly he
was landed in a fandy bay, and had reafon to think
6

♦ Darapicr emicaroureil to perfuaile the men to go to feme
Englilh fjft.irv, but was threatened to he fet on fliorc for hav-
ing fuggefted fiich a fchemc, as foon >i P « ul was infc . med of the
prupulal.

t B*fides Dampict's wifli to leave Rex) and his crew, he hid

he was now fairly delivered from his dif.igreeabl« af-
fociates. But in an hour's time Teat came with art
armed force to fetch him on board aijain. When h«
entered the (hip, he found all there in confullont
many others inlilHng on bcin[( fct on (hore likewilir,
among whom wasCoppinger the furgeon, who jumped
into trie boat with a gun in his hand, threatening to
fire it on thofe who fhould endeavour to prevent his

fturpofe, but they were fo fully determined not to
ofe fo ufeful a pcrfon, that one of tliem ventured his
life to ^ctthe'gun from him, and others following,
he was once more brought on boiinl. Read, however,
when matters were quiet, confcnted to let Dampier
be carried on (hore, together with one Mr. Hall, anil
Ambrufe a failor. The four prifoncrs taken from the
praw, and the Portuguefe from the Chincfc junk be-
ing alio left at Nicobar before the (hip departed, they Dimrierls
all joined company i and thefe eight pcrfons dc- »' Nuubar,
termined to row to Sumatra, at the diliancc of forty
leagues, for which purpofe they bought a canor of
the natives for an axe, (with which the man who
rowed the Knglifhmenon (nore had prcfented them on
parting] and having on board a fufficient quantity of
provilums, embarked for this purpofe on the lotfi of
Ma\', 1688.

But ahnoft ai foon as they had put to fea, their canoe
overl'et. However as they were near the (llore they
fwnm toit in fnfcty. The chtfts .ind fire-arms were
recovered, and the powder being fealed up «a» pre-
fcrved from the wet, but the books and papers of the
Englifh were much damaged by the fca-water. While
they were employed in drying thefe, the Achinefe
were not idle : they provided a ftout mart and a fail
for their boat, and to prevent her from being again
overfet, they furni(hcd her with out-leaguers, a fort
of beams or poles which arc placed acrols the body of
the canoe, which proje£l a yard or two over the fides,
and are united at the extremities by tr.inf\ crfe boards,
joined to the end, which while they rcnu in firm will
never fufTer the boat to fink or overfet.

Their little velTel, not much bigger than a wherrjr,
being thus fitted up, they next thought of recruiting
their provifions, for which purpofe they were obliged
to have recourfe to a dift'erent part of the ifland, where
fomedifputes at firftarofe between the Englifh and the
Indians, which Dampier by his prudent management
found means to accommodate, and having brought
the natives into good humour again, the provifions
were accordingly obtained.

Dampier has obferved that there is not a people on
the face of the earth that he (hould be afraid to ap-
proach unarmed and alone, provided no previous in-
jury had been done them by any of his company un-
provoked. For, he fays, that an European has it
always in his power to infinuate himfelf into the favour
of the moft fiivage people by fome flight, by (hewing
them Ibme toy, by fmilcs and fubmimon, or even by
(hewing them the method of lighting a match with a
flint and fteel. As they are apt to lie in ambu(h and
kill by furprife, he fays, the only danger is from
their hrft onfet, and if tint can be avoided, thefierceft
of them may be brought to be as gentle as a lamb.
This obfervation is generally true ; nut it is a rule to
which we conceive there are fome exceptions, as, if the
accounts of voyagers may be credited, there are fome
barbarians of fuch a ferocious difpofition as neither
force nor kindncfs can tame. And befides, in the
ideas of fome, the very attempt of any man or fet of
men to land upon their coaft may be <x>nfidered as an
indication of an intended injury, which they imagine
they ought to refcnt.

Be that as it may, Dampier fucceeded fo well in
his endeavour at Nicobar, that nothing farther oe-
curring to prevent tlie adventurers from purfuing

their

Icfi

alfo at lirll an idea of cflablilhinf* a trade for ambergris with the
natives of Nicobar, and thus gaining > confiderablc fortune ;
as, bv rowing with the natives, mixinf; amone them and con-
foniiiogtotlicir manners, he ihoueht he fliould hn<l tlic fcctetof
their getting and jiceparing this valuable commodity.

LAPTAIN .DAMPIER.

their piojccV H>>e Engl'1'. PortiigjitlV, ami tlic Atli
niftc

ill. ir cjnoi' lo tlic

k <lrM>irul
■nipcll.

nek, coiiimiffej thrnilVKc»
mrrcy of ihr watrv tloimiit.

TIk- winil ill tliiirfiift r.'UiiU'; out, was favourablu,
the wcaltier hd, iiiicl iht-y proci ainl, royvinu; iimi (ail-
ing oci;(lionally, Uampicf .iiul Mr. Mill takiiilt turns
at the hi \m. Yet after two day . l.ilour, the) touiiil
that thry liad j'ot no mure th.iii f')ur leagues troni
NitolLir. On this they ch.iiij;.il ili-ir ouffe, but
a coiitr.iry eurnnt opiiDliii;; them, they touil 1 that
they had made bm little way on the third day.

Haviiip thus milled of improvinp the fair wiathcr,
fluy were threatened on the i8th with an approach-
ing ftorrn. The wind hej^an to rife, tbe Iky whs
chniJed our, and a circle round tin; fun (;avc tokoii
of thiir dan!;tr. In this litiiation, haviii;; lon-
fultcd wli;'.t ' was belt to lie <lonc, thiy drU:i-
min'.d lo full the Ciils to (Ittlu the y..rd ab.iut three
fut alio; e the boats liile, and Hand liulori- tho t\iiid
to v.'hatl'oevcr l.'nd iiii;:ht be ri[;ht a- head of them.
'I'lielc preparations bcinii; made, they waited v. i.h
very imcafy apprehenholis '''.e expected teirpelt.

About noon the pile came on, and continued iii-
crcaling for many Tiour''. In the mean time the
fca ran mountain high, and perpetually threatened
by brealcinj; over the canoe, to fend her to the bot-
torn of the deep. Hut her out-Icayucrs, which we
haw already defcribcd, effectually prevented her over-
fettinjr, and the thinnel'sof her body, with a hi^^h Item
and narrow pioiv, cutting the waves, inliircd her fe-
ciuily. Even the feas that broke over lur were fo
divided, that inltead of coming down with a thunder-
ing weight fufticient to fever her frame, the water
fclT only in fhowcrs which could not fink a vcflll fo
iccuritl, and which was baled out by the Achinefe,
who laboured cbearfully while D.impier and his friend
Hall were attentive to every circumilancc that could
Icfftii the appiircnt danp;er. Notwithltanding what
wc have obfcrved of thofe fortunate circiiinftances that
contributed to the f.ifety of this little veflel, yet when
the fituation of thcfc adventurers is confidercd, the
re.idcr will eahly perceive that they had the greateft
orcafion to be under the mod terrible apprehenfions,
and the more fo, as had their out-leagucrs failed them
in Inch a fea, the canoe could not have lived a mo-
ment. Tlic evening of this day was dreadful, and
no lefs dreadful was the operation which this fcenehad
upon the minds of thofe who were embarked on this
tcnificfliious ocean. In times of danger a multitude,
of ideas ruHi into the licid, a thoufanu feelings affei5f
the heart of man, which inprol'pcrity are totally un-
known, in times of tran(|uility are not attended to,
Dampicr who had paiTcd through many perils, found
himfelf here quite at a lofs to maintain his forti-
tude, as the following defcriptlon of the (lorm and
oflus own feelin^D will fulficicntly evince,

i" The (ky.(lay8 he) looked very black, being
covered with dafkf clouds; the wind blew hard, and
tlie fea was already roaring in a white foam about us ::
a dark night coming on, and no land to fhelter us,
«nd our little nrjc in deoger to be fwallowed up by
every wave ; and what was worft of all, none of us
thought ourfelvQS prepared for another world. I had
been in many imminent daiigcrs before now, but the
wprft of them all was but a play-game i:t .cDoiparUbn
with liiis. I mult confdk that I wa.s in preat con-
iliift nfinihd at this time. Other dangers came not
upon mc with fuch a leifure and dreadtul folemnity.
A fudden fkirmifti or eng.tgeinent was nothing when
the blood was warm, and ruflied forward with eager
ej(p?(ftations ; but here I had a lingering view of
.npproaching death, and little or no hope,; of cfoaping
it: And I mud confc-ft, that my courage that hnd
hitherto kept me up, failed me here, and I m:idc very fad
rcAe<5tloiis on my former life, and looked backward
witli horror ami detcftation upon a£lions which before
1 dillikcd, but now I trembled at the remembrance
of them, I had long before this .repented me of that
joving life, but never with fuch concern as now-. In'

Vol, I. N";.

this temper of mind, we fiibniilttd ouri'lvei. to Uo.I'h l61i9

(50(h1 pruvidcme, ukinj; all tlie i.iie wc muKI to |iit- ^— v— ^

lervc our lives, Mr. Il.dl and t took luiiw to II. cr,

jiid the red ti ok luins lo U ive cuil the wa' r ; :iii 1

thus we pioudcd to liieiid ihe iiujll doh lul iii^'jil I

evci vtus III. About ten o'eloi.k it h;gaii l.i tliuiidLi,

lightiii, and i.nui but tlu rain \\*l w<Koiue to w ,

haviiiy drank ii|> all the waur wc bion 'lit from the

illand. J'bc wind at lirll blew harder ilriii b^-'lore •,

b'jt, within h.iir .111 lioiii, it lucamr more inodn ilc,

ajjil the (la afl'iiaped [abated | of its fury. And then

by .1 lighted niatch,wliich we kept burning en purpofc

wc hulked (Ml our conipaf., to feu how we (Ic. rut, and

(mind wcviiieilbui liiilefionuuicouifcindlini'- 'i/ouv

vilKl luclyeiiou;.',liHilhlhc liaail fail that w.'.^ ..boaril,

we hc(;.iii io btar up to the irue point, to which our

vicrth «i.-rc direclcd. Hut uhoui tvcoiii Ihc miJin ng,

wc had aiio'licr yuii ul wind, with thuiuler, li:;hi.-

iiiiiu', and r.iMi, which obli(;cd u^ ,it,ain lo put before

the v/i.ul. Tlie liav.l rain lo.ikcd us thorougl.ly that

we had not one dry thread .ihoiit us, ;.iid the cold

rain chilled us cMrenicly, lor any liclli 'V.iti r is nuich

colder than the fca-waler, and much more unwhblfuinu

for man's body.

" In this wet, ftarvin;.; corditicn, v.c I'p.nt the tc»
dious night. Never did poor mariners on a Ue-lliorc
more carntftly long for the dawning lii'jil tli.iii we
did. At Icniyih the d;iy appeared, hul with Inch dark,
black clouds near ihe horizon, that the full tliinpli;
of il.iw II appealed ihcadl'iil. Wc continued our courlij
before th" wind till ci;;lii o'clock in t'le niurnin,^ of the
igth, and then one of our Aeliindi.in fi lends cried ou',
Puh /f-'ri): We thinking the (cllo.v had f;;id I'uii r:zi..ij;
were at a lofs to conceive his nalon j but prcfcntly,
obferving his motions, we J'ouiid he pointed to his
companion-:, to (hew them land. Wc, d;oppini; with
wcl, cold, and hungry, were overjoyed at ihi^ li^'Jit.
Itborefuuth, and the wind was Hill at well, artmng
gale I yet with our fniall fail, no bigf;cr th.,ii an
apron, we changed our courfe, and bore ii;i to it.
Here our out-lea^ucrs did usgoodfervicc ; iind, tliciixh
our boat's fide w.as prefl'ed down very much, wc could
brook it well enough ; and the next day we ran to the
mouth of a river in the ifland of iiumatra, called
PalTagc Jonca, where all fell ill of fevers, of which
fome died j and I that furvivcd was a whole year be-
fore I recovered my llrength,"

Having reached the fliorc the Englifli were kindly
entertained by the natives, as the Achincfe had i^iven
thefe Indians to underltand that the(lran;;ers wen pri-
foners on board the piratical velTels as well as them-
lelves, and had been fet on fhorc altogether, the truth
of which latter part of the information fetinLd to ton-
firm that of the former.

In this place the natives ufcd many cmleavnur^ to n.nr.pici'? re«
pcrfuadc Dampier and his companion Mr. Hall, toc-,''"":!
ilay in order to improve them in the art of buiidin(!; ■^'''^"'
and navigating veflels; but it will readily be conceiveti
that people who had gone through fo much shroad
were not .villing to lilfen to fuch propofals. On the
other hniiu as there was an Englift fadlory at Achin,
they made ir their choice to be conveyed thithjr, and
•embarking on board a veflel provided accoixlinp,ly, they
arrived there in three days. At Acliin the two En '-
liflimeh were received with great kindiicfh, and en-
tertained by an Irilh gentleman ef the name ofttriical,
but Dampier's ill health fhll continuing, he had r-
courfc to a Malayan profeflbr of phyfic, who gave
him fuch a ftrong meilicine as prgcured6o evacuations
in one day; this feemed to. be adopting a fort of danr
4;erous if not defperate remedy; but our adventurer
who fecnis to have had the ground- work of a good
coitilitution to carry him through, bore it all, ant.',
afterwards gathered Arength daily.

The Achincle were reflored to their families, but '

the Portuguefe died the Jay after their arrival, and
Ambrole the failor liveil but a little ;'iile after him.

Dampiu- when he found his health j^rowing better, r),in,p;„.j
unJcrt.iuk 10 fail to Nicobar with one Caption v.iyjj'tsin ,
'■' ■ - o . v. 1 -■-» I Bowry, 1^. Indies.

THE VOYAGE O F

i6qo Brtwry*. Accoroingly thty tmbaikrtl and let fail from
» 1 ^ 1-' the r(H4il of Achiii, In the beginning of the mnnth
uf June, but I llnrm oblij^ril them to return i and
Captain VVclder at thin tiiiic arrlvinv ni Kort St.
CiiDrge engaged Dampier to go with liiin on a voynp
to Tonquin, hii ilcfcriplitm uf which, an well ui ol
the rity of Malacca [or Malakka] we have hrru
nmittcd, as they will be liiiind more at Urj;<' in the
fiibfiqiK'nt part uf thit work, which treali ul voyagmi
to the Kail Indlci.

They left the river of Tonquin in the month of
February, Ihrnling ayv-iy to (he luiilh, the IIki.iIh of
Dram being on tho larboard, and thecnaltaof Cochm-
china, Camp:i and Cambodia on the KarUianl, the
l.itter of which li.impier ilelcnhts as a low, woody
country, limicwhat like Tonquin, liiualc on a large
liver, which riling in the north, palFci through ;i
l.irj^e tnii of land, and rrnptiei iti'cif into the fe.i
near the Ifle of Condore. Thence they llcered well-
ward, and palletl through the llrei^ht* of Mabcc.i,
niul after a (hort Hay there, made tor Achin, where
D.impicr had lirll landed, with whofc account uf the
country we (hall here prcfent our readers.
n.e. • .• . I " This kinedom, (lavs he) is the moll populous uf

DtlCriptlOn 01 ,1 , .^ I ■" 1 ' ,1 tn r L- I

Achin. *" 'he petty kin(;doms mi the Ille of Sumatr.i, and ex-

tends fifty or lixty miles from the north-well to the
call. Near the north-well end of Sumatra Hands the
Golden Mountain, within two leagues of the city of
Achin, which mountain may be fecn at the dillance ol
40 leagues at lica. 'I'he road of Achin is inclolc^d by a
range of id.inds, the eallernmoft of which is called
the Ifle of Way, a circumdance that accounts for the
Achlncfe in Dampicr's canoe having tailed out Pule
/f'liy, Hulo fignifying an illand in their language.

'* Plantains, bananas, durians, citrons, oranges,
and moH of the fruits known in the torrid zone, grow
in the ifland,as likcwiferice and pepper; canipliire alfo
and gold, .ire found in the kingdom of Achin. Their
land animals arc elephants, bullocks, deer, hogs,
goats, horfes, porcupines, monkeys, I'qiiirrels, liz-
ards, and ferpcnts, &c. Of tame fowls they have
only dunghill fowls and ducks ; but the woods af-
ford macaws, parrots, paroquitcs, pigeons, and tur-
tle doves of divers forts ) and the fea and rivers fur-
nifti them with plenty of fifti.

•* Tlie inhabitants of the kingdom of Achin are<
originally Malayans, fpeaking the f.mie language

f'with them] with very little dirfcrencc, being of the
amc Mahometan religion, and of the fame temper.
For the reft j — they are of a middle fizc and well
(haped : — Their complexion is dark like thcrcllof the
Indians ; their hair lank and black ) with black eyes,
tolerable good nofcs, thin lips, and black teeth. 'I hey
arc naturally lazy and idle, and the poorer fort aread-
di£led to theft, but good-natured to llrangers. They
build their houfes on pods : Their common food is
rice; but the better fort eat fowls, filh, and bullaloes
flerti, fcafoncd with garlic and J'^pper, and drelFcd
with pickles. 1'hc poor wear a pair uf breeches only,
and a turban ; the rich a cap fitted to their heads, and
a piece of filk thrown over their Ihoulders ; alfo a
pair of fandals, but no ftockings.

•' The city of Achin, the metropolis of the whole
kingdom, is feated on the banks of a river two miles
from the fea ; not far from the north weft end of the
Ifle of Sumatra." <' It contains (adds Dampier)
about 8000 houfes, much larger and better furnilhed
than thofc of Mindanao, and inhabited, bcfiUcs the na-
tives, by the Englilh, Dutch, thanes, Portugucfe,Chi-
ncfc, and thofc of Gu7,ar.-it. The chief trades of Achin
arc carpenters, goldfmiths, blackfmiths, and fiflier-
men ; the laft of whom are the richeft and moft in
number. 'I'heir gold mines arc near the golden
mountain 1 none but Mahometans arc permitted to
go thither; thefe carry fuch commodities, through
very difficult ways, as are wanted by the miners, in

* Captain Bovvry wa"! ihe perlon who ("cnr t!ie letter frtim Su-
mitra iu \Iini4anao, i^licrc lie iui>polc(l an En;;lilJi laftory lUen

lieu whereof iliey bring back (told,. The F.nj-
lifti air highly till emed here; luch of the lloT-
landers as are trie nieielunts nu) tiadr hither i but
the Chtnefe uiitdo all the reft 1 many nf thi in dwell
ronftantly in the city, the reft come with the Ihips ill
June, and lake up their (hops in the Chinele quarter,
where they fall thiir eommoditirt, for two or three
months. They do not much frequent the inofqiics,
yet arc very zealous in their religion. Tin y are very
ftridt and lliort in the adminillralton of jiiltice ) fur
a* f<Kin as a criniiiul ia hrou^ht before the nai^illrato
lie Is eltlici acquitted or puniftied upon th^' fpot.
I'heft is puMiOied with the cutting ott'a hand or a leu,
the Hump they bind up tight with a pieec of ha;her
or bladder, to Hop the bloiHl. .Such as defeivc death
are generally impalnl : but thofe of a noble extraction
have the privilege to fight for tlicir lives with their
iiIimI weapons, whirh, however. Hand iheni in little
Head i for the whole multitude fall upon them and
dilpalch them in an liiHant.

'* The kingdom Is governed by a queen who is
clei'led out of the royal tutnlly. She mull be a maid,
and is in a manner eoiilined to her own palace ; tin-
management uf all affairs belonging to twelve Oron-
key's, or great men of the kinnihmi." The cap-
tain ubiervi's, that there was mention made of a klnt(
III James the Firll's time, yet ho was fure that in
liter years Achin had been governed by queens, and
that tnerc was a-i election for a new female fovcreign
during his voyage to Tonquin, that nccafloncd a civil
war, which, however, was at laft fettled to the new
queen's advanta^. He fays the weather at Achin is
much the fame as in other countries to the north uf
the line i and fo are the dry and wet feafons, and the
floods, and the river running only a Ihort courfe fur
ever overflows its banks and the city. It feems they
frequently wafti in this river, both upon a rcligiou*
account and in rcfpedt to health. " For my part
(adds he) I can aflcrt, by my own experience, that
It cured nic of the flux, that had aA1i(^tcd me fo long
before, which I attributed to its cooling quality, of
which I found the cfledls in my bowels, as often at
I waftied in the river. The heat is not fo exceflive
here at at Tonquin, for they arc conftantly refrtlhed
every twenty-four hours by the fea and land breezes."

From Achin, Dampier fet fail as mate to Captain

Minchin, who had purchafed a vefl'cl there, and made

a voy.igc to Malacca.

remarkable occurred ;. they arrived in fafety, loadeil

a voy.igc to Malacca, in the courfe of which nothing

■ id

tiieir Ihips and departed

On their return, they touched at a Dutch ifland'"/"'' <•'
near the continent, called Dinding. 'I'hey found *^""'"'i'
it inhabited only by Dutchmen, who had a fort there,
without baftions, in extent about 12 feet fquarr.
Handing in a finall creek defended by 14 guns and a
gari ifon of jo (oldicrs. Here the governor treated the
Fnglifti kindly, and invited them to fupper ; in the
midft of which they were difturbcd by an alarm that
was fpread of the approach of a number of Malayan*
from the continent ) but this turned out to be a falfc
re)K>rt. I'he next day they fet fail, and returned to
Achin about the beginning of November,

During Dampier s Hay at Fort St, George, a veflel
laden with clove-bark from Mindanao, arrived there
having oit board on? Mr. Moody, in quality of a fupcr-
cargo. — The reader may remember our having made
mention'of a prince of Mcangis who had folicitcd Read Accouiii
tocarryhimfromMlndanaoto his own country. This '" '' '
prince and his mother having been driven olF their
own coaft in a tcmix-ft, had been feizedat fea by fome
MIndancian fiftiermen, who fold them as (laves at
Mindan.10, Mr. Moody being at that time on the
iflaiul, his attention was attracted by the curious
manner in which this Indian prince was painted ; he
therefore purchafed the royal flavc with an intention of
bringing him over to England, But the governor of

Fort

the Inilik
Idcv

fulilnleJ, O'liilc Ills countrj:mcn concluded from that letter ther<

was dicn one a Sumatra,

CAPTAIN DAM PIER.

F.n«-
iM-
k but
ilwcll
\\\n ill
iiarKr«
1 three

lllt|UC«,

iti- vtry
;c I fof

j^illraw

,;• fpct.

or i» lcR«

It n! hot
vcilejtti
itratlion
■iih their

ill little
;hcm anJ

n who i«

ic a luai'U
laccv til.-
Ivc Oron-
Thc cap-

re th.it ill
ui-cns, anJ
; fiivcreiitn
jiicJ a civil
to the new
It Achin i»
he iiiirtU of
,ns, ai»l tl»^
; cDurfe for
I fams they

a reVii;iou»
"or my p»f'
rieiice, that

me fi> long.

r qVLlVlty, ot

as often a«

• lo cxctflive

tly rcfiifhejl

indbrccies."

5 to Captain

re, anil made

hich nothing

alciy, loadeJ

1 hey fouml*^
I a fort there,

feet fquare,
L gun» and *
lor treated the
Wr i in the
bn alarm that
[of Malayan*
It to be afalle
It returned to

Ir. n- 1 •

Jcoree, » velTel
[arrivid there
Ity of a fuper-

I havinc made
|folicit.SReadA«o-.

Ijuntry. 1 his,„iotu
[yen oiF their'
It fca by fome
as (laves at

; time on the
. the curious
Is painted j he
lin intention of

lie aovcrnor of

I ^ Fort

I il\« letter there

Fort if. Oeorg«, offering thii f^ntleman the place
of chitfof InJtapiiic, in the rnoin of one Mi. iiib-
honi, who haii l.ilely rcfigiicd, he en>lc.iv<iured lo
cn^aip U'mpiiT t.igu willi him ai hii gunner, and lo
cncouiu|;e him lu cumply made himapromifc of pur-
chafing a velHI (u carry the prince and hit mother to
their couiitrv, of which he would fend him an ;i com-
mander, and alfo give him power to eOahlilh a trade
at Mcani;i>.. Uampier thought ihin fuch un urt'cr us
he ought by no me ins to rrjeiit, and accordingly em-
barked for the new frttlemcnt.

The weather was fair and pleafant till thcycime to
the weftern coalt of Sumatra, when a ftorm a.-ifin;;
drove them into the harbour of lUncouli. fitie
I hey Were well rcciivcd, and (uir adventurer being
ottered the pl.ice of gunner of the frirt, accepted of
it with Mr. Mixxly's leave, who w.n uit furc
that he couUI nccomplift the prnmil'c lie made of fend-
ing him with the prince to Meanifi*,

Moody alfo afftgned him a hilf ftiarc in t!ie two
flaves, wnoiemained with him at Hcncouli, while the
new chief repaired to his ftalion at Indrapore, Dam-
pier, however, at length grew weary of his llation,
and made application (or hii difchargc to the i^ovcr-
nor and council : the latter thought his requelt rca-
fonable, and the former made no oDJei^lions i but that
was at a time when there wu no vclfcl lo be obtained,
to carry him home. Afterwards, when the fhip called
the Defence, Captain Heath, which was bound for
England, came thither, he atfirll foundexcufes, and
at lall peremptorily refuied to let Dampier go. Itfeems
that this fhip before her arrival at Rencouli, touched
at Indrapore, Moody had conrigncd his half (hare of
the Haves to Goddard, the chief mate of the Ihip
who in vain joined all his intercft to that of the cup-
lain in order to prevail on him for our adventurer's
difcharge, Moody having been previoufly acquainted
with his dcfign, of returning home. In conloquencc
of his aflignment, the prince of Mcangis who was re-
duced to the fituation of a common (lave, was put on
hoard the Defence. He was but jud recovered from an
infectious diftempcr, of which his mother had died
in India, and at her death he had given fuch an ex
ample of filial aff'et^lion as well drferves remembrance
among the more refined and civil!]. 'd people of Europe.
I TnOanfe nf This Indian, who was known by the name of

I Will ilVttlion Yeoly or Jcoly, was confoled as much as poffible by
[in an Indian. Dampier, on the lofs of his parent ; yet it was feared
that he would not long furvivc her. A grave was
therefore, immediately dug in order to hide the body
from him, which was ftirouilcd in a piece of fine n-.w
calico i but the fon could not be fatisfied till he faw
all her cloaths wrapped round her, together with two
new pieces of chintz, given her by Mr. Moody, fay-
ing, as they were hers, (he muft have them. At laft
(he was interred in a very folemn manner, but it was
long before her fon ceaJed to grieve for his mother's
death.

The governor continuing inflexible. Captain Hcsth
fecrctly agreed that D.impier fltoiild be rcccivc<l on
board his fliip, provided he could make his efcapc.
This adventurer who had no other chance for rcvilit-
ing his native countr)', depended intircly on the c.^p
tain's honour in which dependence he was not difap
pointed.
■ampicr When the letters were put on board, and all things

|tip« from in readinefs for failing, proper notice being given,
|c gaol. Dampier after many efiiiys got away about the middle

'* One of the caufct of tliii fliOcinjicr, according to Datnpicr,
wai tlicir bad water, whicli they filled fruiii a river into whicli
feveral Itreams emptied their dregs in the dry feafnn. He alio
inentiont another circumnance, namely, ill beine Onwtd among
the pciipcr in the liold, which rendered ic fo hot that a man
could fcuccly hold a hoillc filled with it in his hand. Either of
thefc caufcs, though fo widely diHcicnt might hare produced
very difagrceahle effefts i^ the fitft ft.cms, however, to have lieeii
the mol\ probable fource of the evil.

t Among the rell, they told a talc of his having a beautiful
pnet at MinO«nao, whom the fultan took to his lied. They
laid alfo, that the paint with which he was adorned mjs a fe-

of the night ond creeping through one nf the pArN i6()i

holes of the ftirt tfcaptd to the (liips Imjt, v liith ^— v—
carried him on board , and on tlie 25th nf J.inuur),
till- captain failed for the Cape of (looil Hep-.

They had at full fair .iiul favourable wiailic r .ind
the pruljwi^t of a fuetufsful vi)y;i^e ; butlhey h.ul i.nt
been long at fea before a lliange dillempcr (lole upon
the crew, which provd fo uiiiverfal, that there was
lurdly one to he found who did not ex|uileiicc it in
a greater or lets degree, lo that tlic peo|ili. vvere (^ne-
lally unable to work the Ihip when nrcelliiy required
their utmod exertion.* While thry were in this
condition, they were feafonably relieved by the hu- Car'nin _
nunity of the captain, who having brought I'.iino "'■"'' ^ """
jars ot tamarinds from India, dillributcd thcin d.iily '"■''"'>•
anioii^ his crew, at this time of general fickncfs and
dillrcih.

but the wind coming foul, and the pnfl^i;;c which
lull already bcrii a long one, bein:; likelv 10 prove
ftill more tedious, Capt liii Heath, callin;; all his men
together, delired the oiiinion of every individual rc-
l.itivc to what was belt to bo dune in the prefent c>:i-
gency. The refult wis, that iiotwitlid.iiuliii.; the
wind w.ts unfavourable, tlicy (hould Hill proceed
towards the Cape,

But now another difficulty arofe : — to put this refo-
lution in force, it was nccclFary for thofe who were in
health to exert themfelves in an extraordinary manner,
in order to fupply the place of thofe that were fiek
on board. Here the captain's policy appeartd as c<'n-
fpicuous as his humanity had btx-n in the inllancc jiift
related. He promifed a month's extra p.iy to every
one who would eng.igc to alTill on all oceafions wli 11
required, whether it were his watch or not. The
prnpofal was firll embraced by the officer' , ami then
all the men capable of duty entered into the fame en-
gagement.

This falutary expedient had fhcdcfired efTecl. And
(fays Dampier) " In a fliort timcitpleafcd (jo<l to fa-
vour us with a fair wind, which being improved to
the beft advantage by the incelVant labour of thd'c
new-lifted men, wafted us in a ffiort time to the capo (
and being brought f.ife to anchor by the affillancc of
100 Dutch failors, who unbent the fails and did
every thing for us they were required to do, tlie lick
were prefently fent on (hore, where they remained lor
fix weeks, and all but three or four recovered."

They look their departure from the cape in com-

fany with the James and Mary, and the Joleph, Eali-
ndiamen, fhaping their courle towards St. Helena,
and in their way were incommoded with a fwcllin!'-
fea, foon after they had doubled the capr, wliicH
Dampier obfervcs was a token " That the fouth-well
vyinds were violent in the higher latitudes towards the
I'outh pole (^wherc it was almoft the middle of winter]
wc having lound clear weather all the while." They
arrived at St. Helena on the 20th of June, from
whence, after four or five days Hay, they fct fail for
England, and without meeting with any thing rc«
markable, after a profpcrous voyage, arrived in the
Downs on the 16th of September, in the year lOgi.

Thus Dampier returned in fafety to his country}
but this was a blcfTinc denied the prince of Meangis.
This unfortunate Indian, it fcems, was fold to people
who carried him about the kingdom for a fliow, and
told a number of ridiculous talcs about him, which it
was not in his power to contradict.f After having
experienced all the viciflitudcs of this roving life,

prince

curity againft venomous creatures. Both thefc reports were
ciniaHy laife. With regard to the colouring, it feenis that li«
was fainted all down his bread, Iwtween his (liouljers, on hit
thirhs, and round kis legs and arms like InMccIets- Dampier
oblcrves, that he cnuld not liken the drauings to the form of
any animals j hut, he nddi, " Tliey were very curious, full of
great variety of lines, flourinics, clic'iuertil woik, and innume-
rable cnnvolmionsi keeping a very graceful proportion, and
appcarin^.r very aititicial, even to the wonder «f all that Uhelil
him." Accurdin^ to this account it feems that this prince wai
marked atici liie mannei called latltmn^, in ufc among tin
natives of Niw Zeuland.

THE VOYAGE OT

3703

Anotlicr
vu\a;;c.

(inncc Jcoly dicil at OxforJ, an inftancc of llic iiifla-
bility ot loitiiiic.

DanipitTtwho (as the reader will rcmcmbi-r) had
m\cr yet been advanced to the ftation ot a tom-
niandtr, was I'oniiicli recomnKinled byhis voya!;cs, that
he was afterv/ards employed by the government, to
make dileoveiies, in whiih line, however, he docs
not kcm to have met with any great luccel's. Sailing;
(Vom the Downs on ilie r4ili'( I Jan. ibyS, in his nia-
JLlly"s lliip the IloJiiiek wirli i.-. ni>"^> ""'' S^"" ■"<•'"'
.inJ 20 months picn ilion on board, he proceeded till
\w fell in with ih.- eoaft of New Holland,, where
l.ltk- was found btlldes what Dampirr had before fecn
;'iul d -leribed whin his voyage round the world was
IMiblilhul. '1 /ley f;.w on this coalj no othv.r land
liiiini.d ih.m a fort of racoon, tliat dilfers from tliofe
in tiie Well Indies chiefly in the (hapc of iheir legs,
w'lieli beini; lliort before, ihey jump as they run
a'niig ; and a (ort of lizards which havinc legs fo
f.irinul that they can walk eiiher fcrv\ard or backward,
and being without a tail, feem to havt two heads, tho'
pliiluliiphcrs arc of opinion that there is not fuch a
double form'd animal in nature. Here Dampier was
much diltrellld for want of \v;.tcr, and while he was
on (hoie d.igging a v\ell, he was attackwl by ten or
taelveof the natives. A vounp;man being furrounded
by three of them, and -.vounded with a lance, it was
«liou;:ht proper to Ihoot amongft thim. When a ;iun
was bred over tlieir hc.-.ds, thuughit made tlicni ftart at
f.rlt, had not the defired cfftcl; however, wlie;: a man
fell bv another difchargc, they exhibited figns of dictd
and alfonUhment, and fled precipitately fioni thi
fcvne of action. There was one among the fivage
who were in this cnjagement, that had the appearance
of a chief. He was neither 16 tall nor fo agreeable
•as the reft, bu. was more adlive and courageous. He
had a white circle painted round his eyes, and a white
ftnak down his nole from his forche.id to the tip of it
This feeiiied to be done not to make him api>ear more
Kautiful to his fricrids, but more terrible to his cnc
mies. In this fecond voyage. Captain Dampier con
firms what he faid in his (irlf. That the natives of
New Hollai.d are the moil dilagrecabic people he ever
f.uv, wliile Captain Cook gives a quite different v
count of them. In endeavouring t» reconcile thefe
dilTercnt relations if will feem flrange that there (hould
be fo LH'eat a difterence between the people inhabiting
the cailern and weftern coads of the fame land ; yet
we hue no aiithoritv fordifputing the authci-.icity ol
either of th.f; accounts.

In September 1690, Dampier K f f this ilifigrec
able coalf, when he cciild neither lind frefli water
nor a harbour proper for careening his vcflcl, and ar-
rived at Timor on the 15th of the fame month, where
he was fupplied with water and pro\ ifions. by the
chi.f ol' tl.e Dutch fatforv, and was alfo well enter-
tained by ihc Hortuguele fettled there. Froin thence
he failed to New (Juiiiea, where finding the land di-
vided into two pan?, In- ga'.e the name of New Kritain
to the eaftern 'hore. On his return, he touched a;;;iin
at Timor, and from thence failed to Batavia, where he
took ill lupplies. Thus provided, he proceeded for
the Cape of Good Ho])c in Oilobcr, and having
iloubkd it continued his voyage to S. Helena,
wliere he arrived on the laft day of January, 1700. —
In his courfe homeward his yeffel fprung a leak, and
he was forced to run her a-groiind at Afcenfion llland.
'I'hi re the crew landed, a- 3 took on ftiorc their pro-
vifions. Afterwards tiicydifeovered a fine fpring of
water, and remained on the ifland till fume Englilh
niLii of war touched thrio, which were convoving the
Canterbury Eafl Indiaman, and thcic brought them
home at lall to England. The reader may here per-
ceive that no fuccefs attending this voyage was (uf-
fieient to en^.ige a man to einbiirk in another ; but
D.uiipier w.is of a roving diljiolilion, and not ealily
difeoiKvrled by difappointmcnls.

S'ill wifiiing to I, didinguifhi-J in his prof-flion,
it was not eafyfor fuch a oin. to refifl the op|)ortiiiiiiii.s
UiW. otiaeU to .gratify his d:',rliiig paflioii. Accord I

ingly, in the year i-rj, wc find Iilm-inain employed,
in confort with Capt. I'ulling in an expedition to thj
South Seas. Kach of theli; had a ihip of lO guns
under his cimiinand, manned by 120 men. Dam-
pier's Ihip w as called the St. George, and I'ulling's tho
Kamc : thiy h.d a commitlion from Prince George of
Denmark, the Lord Hi ;h Adm. of Kii'j;land, to proeecd
againft the J'rench and Spaniards, ami were victualled
lor nine months ; but the expedition, as it feeins, par-
taking of the nature of thofe fitted out by private ad-
venturers, though countenanced by a governinenC
commiflion, began in the tirll fetting olF to give to-
kens of thofe difagrcemcnts which arc common in
thefj cafes amon^; the commanders and olHcers of
Ihips under this predicament. They hnd not got out
of the Downs before fomc difi'erenccs arofe between
tile captains, in conficiiienee of which rullingfct fail
alone. Dampier thus left to take his ov.ti cmirfi;
flopped fomc time on the coaff of Ireland, where he
was Joined iiy the Ciiupie I'ort Galley, commanded
by Captain Charles Pickering : fhc was of 90 tonu
burden, and carried 16 guns, and 63 men.

Ourvoy.iger let fail from Kinlale in Ireland on the
tithof Scptembir, 170^, little doubting of tlie fuc-
cefs of the projeiSs ho had formed, which wcr.?— — .
If pofTible to furprili the Spaniih galle(>ns at l!uc;io»
Ayr.s J if they ihould mif's of them 10 fail ihrongh
thcMaghcllanic Streights, and cruileon rhecoalts jfp^
Peru for the Baldivia fhips, which carried gi>ld tol'>
Lima ; or if they (hould fail in both thcle tnteipritijs,
then to endeavour to intercept on tl'c coalls of .\fcxico
the Manilla Ihip that annu.itly comes to the town 01
Acapulco.

Dampier's fhip, and Pickerint^'s !>;allev arrivinfi; at
the M.adeir.as, they were given to uivdertfaiul that the
galleons had left liucnos Ay res, and v.'ere then at Te-
neriffj and thus they found the firft part of tbeiv
fcheme had pro\eJ abortive. As ;hey had no time to
lofe, on receiving this intilligencr, the two vcffeis piot.
ceeded on their courfe to the Ifland Le Grand, on the
coall of Hrafil, where the captain of the galluy died,
and Lieutenant Siridling was choltn tocommand her.

They failed from this ifland on the 8th of Decem-
ber, and doubled Cape Horn on the 20th of Jan. anJ
the two vcflels parted company in a violent ftorm, then
Dampier changing his direftion, and flecrin::; north-
ward, procccilcd towards Juan Kernandcz. Anchor-
ing in the great bay there, the St. George met with
her confort, and they continued at the ifl.ind till the
2gth, refitting their fliips, when defcrying a fail, they
pirt to fi a and came up with her; Dai ipicr fought
her about feven hours, after which ftvc Ihccreil oft'.,
the galley having taken little part in the engagcircnt.
Rcturniii!; to Juan Fernandez the next day, th"y
narrowly cfcapcd from two French men of war, aOkl
left their anchors, cables, and five of their men, with
a fet of fails ) alt of which they could but ill tpur;
behind tliem.

The Baldivhin ftiips were the next objrd they had
in view ; but the Baldivian fhips were failed, .md tht-
gold was fccurcd. T'.us difappointed, they detoi -
mined to attack the town of Santa Maria, in the
gulph of Panama ; but their intention having Iten
difcovervd by the Spaniards, an ambufcade wa. Iiiid
for them j four were killed, fome wouiulnl, nud the
reft were glad to favc themfelves by Hirjhr. Tbis
ended that expedition. The comiii injurs difpir.ied
by tlieir ill fuccefs, were now ready to part from cacli
otlur, when, luckily for til- m, a l.irge fliij) ea'nc i^ an
:'nehor clofe by them, which was deeply ladtii \\ illi
flour, fugar, brandy, wir.e, luarnialiide of (jiiiiue ,
;'nd fait j alfo a <]iiantity of linen and woolljn cloili.
They boarded and took her, and were li.ipjjy in thii;
fuppl), which came at a time wlitn fiv.? green plujir
tains was the allowance for fix men. Notwitliit,.nd-
iii'^ this the captains detcrmini d to frpnriie from eich
ottur; and within three d.iys aiierrt..id:: C.ipluiii
Dampier fell in with a Spaniflifliip of wai', which ic
leeins had been fitted out witii a view v 1 tai.e'h:l.i ;
but tl;e t'AO Ihips p-.uled in the ni^'it bycoiif.nt, af-
(j, tct

jl)illf]p[

le'iinliii.
fri;;.,.„i
[^J.m;IU

iv.l'jer em-

Account of
1 Kcail'u 4dvcr
[ turct.

CAPTAIN DAMPIER.

T'?

[li^lifippoint-
\ci\ m liu tlt-
Ifi;; I III! tilc
]M.ui:IU (hip.

tcr a finarl cngajjcmcnt. Not long after this, the
dicinon of difcurd raging among them, Clippington,
our v<iy.igcr's fiift lieutenant fc-izcd the (hip's tender,
with the (tores, ammunition, and 21 of the men, and
when he had cleared the illands, gave an invitation to
all that chofe to follow his fortunes to come on board ;
iiiid it is liivrly Dampier would have been leftalmoft
alone, had it not been for the hopes formed of his laft

1>roje<^t, that of attacking the Manilla fliip, which
Lept thofc remaining on board his ihip dill fteady to
l)iir. Clippington too had the gencrofity to rcftorc all
the powder and ammunition, except what he wanted
for his own ufe. In the mean time, Dampier took a
fmallbark laden ivith plantains in the, bay of Tacca-
mes, which he named the Dragon, and dcfigned to
keep her for a tender. The mailer of tliis bark was
named Chiiftian Martin, born in Spain, but having
been taken prifoner when a boy, was brought up in
England. Him they fccured, and proceeded on their
laft gr.-ind projeft to attack the Manilla fhip, which
they came up with on the 6th of December, and bear-
ing down on her, gave her fcveral broadfldcs before
{he could bring her guns to bear, which threw the
crew into great confuhon. It was now that their pri-
I'uiier Captain Martin gave them fuch advice as had it
been followed would probably have fecurcd their prize ;
for ho advifed them to lay their veflel aboard imme-
diately, before the Spaniards could have time to re-
co\cr from their diforder. If a proper authority had
been exerted, and the fcamcn on board the St. George
(lifpofcd to obey inftcad of wrangling among thcm-
feh'cs, the fchcme might h.wc t.aken c(fc£l ; but in-
ftcid of this, there were two parties, the one for fol-
lowing Martin's advice, the other againft it. In the
mean time the Spaniards got out a tier of 24 pound-
er';, whofe weight was too much for the Englifli vef-
fcl. After having received a {hot between wind and
water in the powder-room, by which two feet of her
pl.nnks were driven in on each fide of the {lern, the
St. George w.as beaten off with difgracc, and all the
golden projeiSs of the adventurers were at an end.
—The mariners were, however, prevailed on to
cruife for fome weeks upon the Mexican coaft, and
pafled the ports of Acapulco, Port Angels, Angua-
tulco, and many other places, but met with nothing
of any confequcncc, and therefore the people grew
more and more impatient every day.
Account of At this time a number of the men projected adefign

Rcid's advcn- of returning home by way of the Eaft-Indies. Tne
tarct. encourager of this party was Mr. Funnel, the chief

mate, who commamled the Spani{h prize. The
owner's agent dividing the provifions between them.
Funnel feparated himlelf and 33 men from Dampier,
and having watered at Amapalla prepared for his
voyage. The other party confifling of 27 pcrfons
remained with their old commander ; but of the ad-
ventures they ,met with we have no other accoulits
except that Dampier returned home in fafety, but
publiilied no account of this voyage. As for his
thief mate, and thofc who failed under his condufl,
ihey quitted the Ciulph of Amapalla on the firft of
February, 1705. On his return, his veflel was feized
by the Dutch, the efFeifts confifcatcd, and mo{t of the
crew confined and half (tarvcd. Funnel being relcafed
however, got fumethiiiglikc a redref';, though by no
means what he had a right to exptd. With two of

)• • • ; ':. >. ; . .'. .
,:;•■•..■ I ■;.:!:
■J 'i^i i\i » -.1 ,
... ■ ; .i.i -t ^•

his company, he embarked for Europe, on the zd of
November, and arrived in the TixlI in July tlie
next year. After vifiting the principal towns in Hol-
land he returned to Enjiand and publi(hc«l his voyage,
from whence the accounts of this la{l expedition of
Dampier are extracted.

As the reader may be curious to know what became
of Read and Teat our adventurer's old companions in
his voyage With Captain Swan, it may be proper to
obfervc that after Dampier's return to Achin from hi»
voyage to Malacca, lit ntet with one Mr, Morgan,
that had formerly belonged to the Cygnet, but was
then on board a Dani{h veflel, who gave him the fi)l-
lowing account of them : " That when they left
Nicobar, they {leered for Ceylon, but not being
able to weather that ifland, they went to the coaft of
Coromandel, where they began to form new prO-
jcifis, which not fucceeding. Read's people left him.
Morgan and Coppinger, with fontc others, entered
into the Dani{h fervicc, two or three others rep.ii red
to Fort St. George, but the main body went up the
country and inliited in the Great Mogul's fervice,
where a few of them continued orderly for fome time j
but Oliver, the quarter-mafter, and a party with him
foonleft the camp, and rambled about, plundering
and robbing the villages. He added, that Captain
Re.id h.iving thus loH the better half of his men,.
after having taken rice and water on board, failed
again, ftili intending for the Red Sea. Off Ceylon
he had taken u rich Portugucfc Diip and plunJcred
her of what he liked; but not being able to bear
up againft the woftcrly winds, he flood for Ma-
dagascar. There, after various adventures, Re.id.
with half adozenof his followers, flipping away from
the reft of the company, embarked for New York..
Teat, who fuccecded to his command, having joined
Captain Knight, their old companion, they failed
fome time in company ; but as the Cygnet proved
leaky. Knight got away from her, on which ihc re-
turned to Madagafcar, and funk at laft in the Bay of
St. Auguftin."

Such was the end of all the fchcmes of Captain
Swan's piratical crew, from whom our voyager fo
luckily leparated himfelf at Nicobar. Of his other
undertakings we have given a fummary of all that
was worth notice as far as our authorities extend. Of
tlie latter part of his life we have no account. ,\ye
have followed him through allhisbufyfccnes, and have
endeavoured to reprefent him to the reader fuch as
he ajjpears to have been, one of a fpirit rather reftlefs,
with a thirft for gold, to which, however, [if we fct
afide the depredations he committed in common with
others on the Spani{h coafts] he does, not feein to have
facrificed his idea of ftri<£l hbnefty. With a bluntnefs
of manners he feems to have joined no fmull Ib.'ire of
humanity ; and more than once we (tnd him exprefs-
ing in high terms his difapprohation of cruelty and
injuftice. A defire of knowledge feems to have been
one of his predominant paflions, and this he had many
opportunities to gratify, but in his wiftics to attain
richci he feems generally to have been difappointed.
On the whole, Dampier, though not the beif calcu-
lated to command, appears to have been a mati of good
natural parts, and was certainly a very able nuvi<
gator.

4... iV

.>!'.

--'-i'.-'. *;

/ 1 ,..',

fit

1! t>,»

■1 •: ■!

Vol. I. N- 7.

T U E

( 74 J

THE VOYAGE OF MASTER COWLEY,
ROUND THE WORLD. . '

GuaiT

1684 /^OWLEY, as ^t-cll as Dampier was engaced in a
* > ' v>) league with the Buccanctrs of America. Hisfirft
fetting out was in the fame prize wherein Dampier
tailed from Virginia under the conduft of Captain
Cook ; and during his life, he continued to ferve him in
quality of maftcr, after which he failed with Captain
Eaton into the South Seas. The account of his
voyage is Written by bimfelf, from which the fubfe-
qucnt relation is extrafted.

He failed from Cape Charles in Virginia, in the
Revenge, Captain Cook, in the month of Auguft,
1683, under an idea of navigating the (hip to Petit
Guavres, whither he accordingly direfted his courfe ;
but was foon given to underftand, as he quitted the
fhore, that the veflbl muft be brought to Guinea,
from whence, as foon as a Ihip could be gotten, they
were to fail into the Pacific Ocean.

Standing for the Cajte Vcrd Iflands j when they

came to St. Nicholas, a confultation was held, the

fubjeft of which Was, whether they (hould fail dired-

ly for the South Seas, in the ihtp they had, or whe-

tner they (hould proceed to Guinea, to accommodate

themfelves with a better, as had been at (irft intended.

It was at laft concluded that they (hould try the

road of St. Jago, one of the Cape Vcrd Iflands, and

if they could there find a veflel that might fuit their

purpofe, they (hould immediately endeavour to make

prize of her.

A dtfiiin of «« On our approach to this ifland (fays Cowley)

taking a Dutch on the eallern fide, we defcricd a large (hip from tne

ihipmUearrics ^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^|^^ p^.^^^^^ ^^ ^ ^ p^j,,^ g^jj Indiaman,

df 50 guns, and, as we afterwards learned, of 400
men, moft of whom were on (hore ; but ^ing us
(tand towards the road, they inftantly repaired to
their ports, clapped a fpring upon their cable, heaved
their broadfide to us, run out their lower tier of
guns, and made themfelves ready to receive us. We
had now advanced too near ; but marking their force,
and that it was in vain to attempt a coutjUfft, we put
before the wind, and failed direftly for the ccaft of
Guinea, where we had no fooner arrived than we
(til In with a new (hip of 40 guns, which we boarded
and carrietl away. Upon examination, we found her
well rtored with brandy, water, and provifions ; and,
in order to furnifh het with other nccclTaries from
our old (hip, we put into Sherborough, refolvin^ to
put iiito no o'lhcr port till we (hould come to the
the Ifland of Juan Fernandez."

Their firft defign being thus accompli(hcd, they
ftccred for the Brafilian coart, and afterwards came
into 47' fouth lat. " Where {fays our voyager) we
found l.ind never before difcovcred. It proved an un-
Ptpy'i Ifland. inh.ibitcd ifland, to which I gave the i.ame of Pepy's
Ifland, and at which fliips may conveniently wood
and water, having a good harbour where a tnoufand
fliTps may_ride in fafcty. On this ifland we faw plenty
of fowls, and round it there is no doubt of fi(h, but it
blowing a ftorm we could neither dare approach it
nor examine its coafts."

They now ftood to the fouthward, intending not to
attempt the Maphillanic ftreights, but to make Terra
del Fucgo, where (inding great riplings, and being
apprcl.infivc of danger, they determined to attempt
the palTagc difcovcred by Bartholomew Sharp in l68l,
and to fail round all, leaving Staten Land to the
north. Tlicy came abrea(} of Cape Horn on the 14th
of Ftbruary, " where chufing Valentines, and dif-

* Cnwley favt, lie foun*! the weather fo coI<) there, that they
cmilil <lriiiK tliice <iuarcs o( burnt brandy a-picce withsui being
at all iDtoxicaccd.

courfing of the witchcraft of women, there nroCe a
ftorm which continued till the Ia(t day of the month,
and drove the veflbl into latitude 60^ 30' -fouth."* Ac-
cording to the notions entertained in thofc days, they
concluded that talking of the wiles of women at fca
was ^very unlucky difcourfe. However the wind
coming to the fouih in the beginning of March they
were carried into a warmer latitude. Steering north-
ward, they met with the Nicholas, Captain Eaton,
in the 40th degree of touth latitude, in confort with
whom they faileil to the ifland of Ju:tn Fernandez,
which was the place where the Mofl<ito men met each
other, as has been related in Dampier's account.—
From thence they failed north-north-ea(V, till the/
made the high land of Arica, in j8 degrees fouth la-
titude. Being before the bay, they held a confultation
\ffhether they (hould enter, the refult of which was
that they (hould proceed to Cape Planco, and wait
there for the Plate fleet coming to the bay of Panama.f
In their way they t' ok a (hip laden with timber, hav-
ing 30 men on board, with which th^-y failed to Lo-
bos, and afterwards refolved on an attack upon Trux-
iilo ; they alfo made prize of three (hip* laden with
flour and fwcet-mcats, and aflcrwiirds lav bv at the
Gallapagos or Inchanted iflands, as the reader Kat^ I'een
in Dampier's relation.

They came to an anchor in a very good harbour to-
wards the northernmoft end of a fine ifland under the
Equinodlial Line, where there was plenty of fifh and

land tortoifes- Cowley adds, " That there were

fowls of various forts, and fo tame (Cays he) that at
firft they would often light upon the hats and (houlders
of our men, as they walked abroad j but not being
able to fatisfy their hungry appetite by catching thcin
alire, the failors fo feared them by frequently firing
upon them, that they became at lall like other birds,
very (hy. Cowley called this the Duke of Ydrk's
Ifland, and to another which he obferved when
viewed in various direftions to aflume a difierent (hape,
he gave the name of Cowley's Inchanted Ifland.—
It was on the Duke of York's Ifland alone that he
(bund frc(h water.

Sailing from hence the firft land thcv made upon
the main was Cape Trefpontew, where the C;iptuin
died. The fecond d.-iy, fays he, three Indians came
down, whom our men brought en board. Being
ftridlly examined concerning tlie ftrcngth .iiid opu-
lence of Ria Lexa, they gave very fatisf.ittory anfwcrs ;
but, while they were under examination, our long-boat
being fent on (hore to get beef, a party of Spanifli
Indians came down, and fct their boat on fire, and
drove their crew for (helter to a roek, where they were
forced to remain till we fent another boat with ao
men to fecure them. Wc retained the three Indian's,
and led them, with ropes about the-r necks, as guides to
conduft us afterwards to Ria Lcxa; but one of them
having cot his neck out of the collar, made his cf-
cape, and alarmed the town ; fo that rur men returned
very much difcouraged at this fecund difappoint-
mcnt."

Cowley afterwards mentions their having c?.rccncd
their verfbls in the bay of Amapalla, where C ipt jln
Davis and Cook's fuccelTor parted from Capt.iin Ea-
ton, and'our voyager accompanied the latter. They
then ftecrcd for Cape St. Francifco, and coming to
Payta, they fet two (hips on fire th.at were lying at
anchor there, the Spaniards rcfufing to ranfom them.

Standing

The go
koi'sci

f By iliit determination they iuitTe<l of a (hip with joo cous
of filTcr on bgaid, then lyiog m Aiica Bay,

THE VOYAGE OF MASTER COWLEY

Uuani.

The gover-
feoi's civility,

Standing W. N. W. they came almoft as low as the
rocks of St. Bartholomew, and at lalt having pafled
the rocks, went for the Ifland of Guam.

'« It was on the 14th of March (fays Cowley) that
Tlicy^amve «t^^ f^^ jj^j^j^ Wlien wc arrii eil, we nad a very ficlcly
(hip, no man being free from the fcurvy. At twelve
o'clock we were in latitude 13° 2' north by obfcrva-
tion. The next day we 'ailed about the louth-weil
part of the ifland, and rime to an anchor in a fair bay
from whence we lent a boat afliorc with a flag of truce ;
but, on landing, we found that the natives had burned
their houfes, and had fled. However, our men felled
fome cocoa trees, and brought a hundred or two of
the nuts on board, to refrefh the crew. In the mean
time, a party of Indians ruflied from behind the
bufhes, and in a hoftile manner threatened to attack
us ; but wc made figns of friendfliip, and one of the
Indians returned to the wood, and having peeled a
ftick fo as to make it appear white, he came forward,
when one of his companions perceiving that he had
no cap, to compliment our people, called him back,
and prcfented him with one for that purpofe. From
Sunday the 15th, till Tucfday the 17th, we con-
tinued a firce trade with the Indians ; but, on that day,
our men going over to a fmall ifland on the wcil fide
of Guam, the Indians fell upon them with Hones and
lances, which occafioned a fray, wherein four of the
Indians were killed upon the (pot. Two days after,
the governor, who was a Spaniard, came to n point of
land near the (hip, and fcnt a letter, written in Spa-
nifh, French, and Dutch, demanding in the name of
the king his ma(ter. Who wc were, whither we were
bound, and from whence we c-unc ? Our anfwer waj
written in French [importing] that we were employed
by fome gentlemen in France upon the difcovcry of
the unknown parts of the world. On the return of
the meflenger, the governor fent a letter of invitation
to the captain to come on fliore, with which lie in-
ftantly complied, and was received under a triple
difcharge of cannon from the fort, which was anfwer-
«d by the fame number of guns from the ihip. They
(bon came to a good underftandi'"'. Our Captain
made an ipology for killing fome o 1 ' w- Indians in his
own defence, and the governor anfv.^rcd, That If he
bad killed them all, helhould have cftcemed the favour
the ercatej'. We were afterwards told that the Indians
ca the fmall ifland were in rebellion."

Mutiial civilities now pafled between the governor
and the Englifh. A Spaniih Captain was fent on
board who continued 24 hours in the fliip. He brought
to hogs tc^thcr, with potatc ;s, plantains, and other
fruits of the country, and ih. captain in return made
the officer a prtlentcr a rich fword, and fent the go-
vernor a diamond ring.

A captain, a jefuit, and a fri.ir, were afterwards
icnt on hoard with a requcft to Captain Eaton to fparc
the governor fome powder ; four barrels were accord-
iflgly fent, and an offer wan made him of four great

funs, which offer he decline<l with great poUtenefs,
ut accepted tiie powder, and fcnt a box with i6co
pieces of eight, defiring the captain to pay himfcif
out of the money. However the box was returned
with th? money untouched, but tlie governor after-
wards fent a very valuable prefent to ihe captain.

In the mean time the Englifii went out every day
chacing the Indians with licence to kill and deftroy
them. But it fecms that thi: latter finding they were
not Spaniards, became fo tra£iablc- as to do all that
could be expected from them. But fome time after
when the Englifh thought that all was peace, " The
Indians (fays Cowley) made figns for as manv of
our men as chofc it, to come on (hore and fee them
haul »hc fcine. Our men, not fufpccling any dc-
Jign, manned the boat, and went to look at them :
But while tliey were amufing themfelves with the
fport, the Indians had very artfully brought their feine
round the boat with an intention to draw it on fliore,
and thereby entanglr both boat and crew i but the
failori difcovering the plot, gave the Indians no time
to put it in execution ; for being provided with firs-
6

arms, they fired amongfV the thickefl of them, killed 1685
a great many of them, and drove the reft away. > ,— -^

Cowley adds th.it " Thefc Indians are large of fta-
turc, fome of them being fcven feet and a half hiffh.
He fays they go ftark naked and never bury their dead,
but leaving them in the fun to rot. They have no
arms but flings and lances, the iharp ends of the lat-
ter are pointed with dead mens bones, being cut like
fcoops, and jagged at the edges like faws, if a man
happens to be wounded by them and is not cured in nine
days, he certainly dies. Our people took four of thcfe
treacherous favages prifoners, bound them and brought
them on board ; but they had not been long amongft
us before three of them leaped into the fea, and with
their hands tied behind them, fwam away like fiihcs.
However we fcnt a boat after them, and found that a
ili'ongmanat the firft blow could not penetrate their
flcins with a cutlafs." — He adds, " One of them, in
my judgment, rtctivtdfortt bultits in his boJy beferi he
Hied, and the laft of the three that was killed, fwnm
a good Englifh mile, not only with his hands tied be-
hind him, but v/ith his arms pinioned, before he ex-
pired."

The Englifh here had good encouragement for de-
ftroying the Indians, as the more harm was done to
thele people, the better the Spaniih governor was
pleafed, who, the day after the affair abovementioned,
lent the captain a prefent of 30 hogs, and fome of the
fruits of the cpuntry.

When they had rigged their veflTel, and taken '" xhev leave th»
wood and water, they prepared for their departure, i'.Und.
weighing anchor on the firfl of April, and having re-
ceived the governor's laft prefent on the 3d. On the
4th they fct fail, and proceeded till they came to a
clufter of iflands, lying to the northward of Luconia,
where they perceived no inhabitants, but faw fome
goats, and found a g.-eat many nutmegs. From hence
they ftecrcd for Luconia, and afterwards came up
with Cape Mindato, where the fouth-weit munfoon
overtakingthcm, they were forced to go for Canton in
China. There they might have taken 13 Tartarian
vefTels, full of rich goods, of which the Tartars had
plundered the Chinefe two years before, but they being
under no command refufed to attack them. From Can-
ton they proceeded for Manilla, in queft of the (hip that
annually failed thither, but though they came in light
of her, ihe efcapcd them by fwift failing, which was
no fmall difappointment. Afterwards they bore away
for an ifland to the north of Luconia, intending to
remain there till the wind would permit th.'ir failing
for Bantam, which they knew not had been ti'ken from
the Englifh by the Dutch. At this ifland 1 hey fup-
plied themfelves with goats, guanoes and fruit, and
found an Indian who gave them a direction to a place
where there was plenty of cattle. As foon as the
wind was fair, they proceeded to the fouthward, and
in the tenth degree of north latitude, were fo much
intangled among a clufter of iflands, that tlicy ex-
pefteiT to be wrecked, but happily efcapcd that danger,
and held on 'heir cnurfe to an ifland at the north end
of the Borneo. There they hauled the (hip on fhorc,
fet up a tent and fortified themfelves, creating a bat-
tery on (hore. At firft the nitives were very fhy of
them, having never feen any white )>copic, and having
met with on'.'of their canoes full of women, ail ong whom
was the <]ueen of the country, all that were on board
leaped into the fen at fight of^ the ftrangers ; but thefe
being taken up, and treated with kindnefs, the peo-
ple by degrees grew more familiar, and fupplied the
EngliOi with fucn fruits as the ifland produced, befides
trafficking with tliem for mufk, civet and bezuar,
while they ftayed in tht courvtry.

Towards the end of the year, they left this place
and fteered for Timor. — There finding the crew mu- Cowliy fcpj.
tinous and not under command of their captain, Cow- "'^ ^ "!'!^
ley, one Hill, and eighteen others, bought a large EitgnWrew.
boat, in which they failed to Java. The wind not
proving favourable to wry them to Batavia, they
went to Cheribot, a Dutch faftory, totheeaftward of
that place, where the Dutah geverno: received them

with

.t ,

-».

76
i68$

THE VOYAGE OP

writli kinJnefs. The worthy perfons bcfoicmcntioncd
now divided themfelves into three parties, two of
which concluded to fail for the Bay of Bengal, hut
the third remained with Cowley. Confidering that
Batavia was the Dutch magazine in India, they re-

fiiired thither and met with an agreeable reception, and
(fays the author) with Mr. Hill, and another friend,
who were all my party, were promifcd our paflage to
Europcin thcir£:i({ India fleet. At this time the general
Vras fending five fhips of war with foldicrs, in order to
procure fatisfaiftion from the king of the ifland, for
the flaughter of a party of 80 Hollanders. Thefe
(hips, however, were Arft defigned againft Sillebar,
an Englifli fcttlement on the welurn coaft of the
ifland of Sumatra, but the outrage abovementioned,
had ciufed the Dutch to change their purpofe.

The Engliftimen at Batuvia hearing thofe tidings,
would willingly have gone to Sillebar ; but this was
what the Dutch would not fuiTer ; .-md they fcized
a flo«)p which had been bought for that purpofe, the
prime coll of which they returned, but according to
a law forbidding the fubjedls of the republic in India
to fell a veflcl to any forcifjiicr, they punilhcd thofe
that tranfgrefled it ; and Cowley, together with Mr.
Hill, and another friend emb-ukcd on board the Sulida
Indiaman, bound to Holland, and faw their old com-
mander's (hip coming in, juft as they were going
out of the road, i'lie wind not being fan, they
turned down to Bantam to take in provifions, and
from thence fleered to Prince's Ifland, where they lay
three weeks, and then ftood for the Cape of Ciootl
Hope. In their courfe thither the Dutch loft their
captain who died on the 27th of May, at which time
they found thcj- were coming in with the land in
30" 2 " of (buth lat. and on the 3d of that month at
night they came to an anchor at the cape in nine fa-
thom water. The following is Cowley's defcription
of the place, and of the natives of the country.
" This day (fays he) four of the natives came
Misilcfcriptionjown to the city, dancing naked, and ottering their
ct tiie HettcH- y,iy^^ to the Hollanders for bits of tobacco [other
voyagers have ohferved tliat they are fcvere in punifh-
ing adultery]. They were the filthieft men I ever
faw. The next day my two friends and I walked about
the town in which were about 100 houfcs, built very
low to favc them from tljc boifterous gales of wind,
■ that blow here, in the months of December, Janu-
ary, and February : but the Dutch have here a ffrong
caftle, with 80 guns well mounted, and a fpacious

fardcn with walks, and planted with alinoft every
ind of fruit, flowers, and herbs. — This was the
greateft rarity that we faw at the cape. We walked,
moreover, without the town, to the village, inhabit-
ed by the Hodmandoils [Hottentots] fo called by the
Hollanders. Thefe people are faid to be born white,
but make themfclves black by anointing their bodies,
and expofmg thejr infants to the fun and fmoke. Their
houfes or huts are built round (like the cabins in
Ireland of the wW /r/^) with the fire-place in the
middle, round which they lie in common, covered
only with the Htiiis of fome beaft, and without any
other bed than the afhes of the wood on which tltey
tirefs their meat. They eat any thing that is foul,
and will gather from the dunghill the offal that is
thrown out by the Dutch, to feed their dogs. Their
m?n arc not at all jealous of foreigners ; but will beat
their wives unmercifully for lying with their neigh-
bours. When the women marry, they cut off a joint
of the middle finder, and if the hulband dies, (he
cuts ofF. -mother joint, and fo many men as they mar-
ry, fo many joints they lofe. They are fuppoled to
worftiip the moon, becaufe at the full and change
they aflcmbic in great numbers, dancing and rejoicing
when file (hines, but howlini; and lamenting when
they are deprived of her light.

It happened while wc lyerc . t the Cape, that one of
the natives diank himfcif dead at the fort, of which
his countrymen getting intclliecnce, they afl'embled
about him, and with oil and milk endeavoured 10 re-
cover him ) but fuiding all their cfforti' v^in and that
I

they could perceive no fpark of life remaififng, thc«
began to make preparations for his funeral, which
they performed in the following manner : They firll
brought knives and fbaved him from head to foot.
Then, digging a hole in the ground they carefully
placed him in a fitting pofturc, with his body and
head ere£t, anci hit legs and thighs ftretched out hori-
zontally, and prefled down Di.iit. This being per-
formed, they propped him up in this attitude wi^h
ftones ; and then came a company of their women tu
howl over him, who accompanied their lamentations
with a hideous (hricking, as if death had appeared
before them in the fliape of a monfter, and was ready
to devour them. After their time of mourning wan
over, they filled up the hole with earth, and covered
it over with green turf."

While they ftayed at the cnpc, the people there were
employed in cleanfing and fcowcring the fhip, in
Oiifting the mails, and trimming the rigging ; and
liaving taken the wood and water they departed oit
the 15th of June, having three (hips in company, the
Solidnaud the Critfman that came together, and the
Ireland that came from Bengal.

On the i6th there was much feading on board the
velTel, the captains of the other (hips being invited,
and while they were thus employed (Cowley lays) they
were alarmed by a (Iranje voice crying, ceme htlp^
comthelp I a man ovtrbcard! The veflel being brought
to, they fought in vain for the drowned perfoii ; nor
was there a man miffing on board any of the veflels.
On which they drew a conclufion founded on the
mod grofs notions of fuperilition, that this circum-
ftance (probably the contrivance of fome wag among
them) was occafioned by the lamentations of the
fpirit of fomebody that had been drowned by accident
in thole latitudes.

They threw overboard an old Dane on the 4th of
July, who died the night before, without any one's
knowing that he had been difordered, and his cheft
v/ould have been plundered by fome of the crew, but
that they difputed among thcmfelves about (haring the
booty ; to that the matter coming to the captain's cars,
he iecured the cffcdls for the benefit of the family of
the decealcd.

Having pafTed Afcenfion Ifland, on the 20th of July,
theyfoundthemfclvesin 15" of north latitude. — " And
now (fays our voyager) a council of war was called
upon our captain. The accufation was, that be h-id
formed a confpiracy with five men more to murder a
perfon of quality and his lady, with fome other paf*
iengcrs on board, and that when the murders were
accomplifhed, they were to feize upon their richea
and run away with the ihip. The purfer wasr
the chief accufer ; but, upon examination the wholo
charge feemcd fo improbable (and the man who
broached the (lory denying, upon trial, what be had
before fo confidently affirmed to the purfer) the cap'
tain w«s honourably acquitted, and the villain pu'<
niflied.

On the 2d day of Auguft thecaptain died of a pain
in his bowels, and his (teerfman was promoted to thq
command in his room, though not without oppofition.
On the igth of Septemlier Cowley faw lanif, which
he fuppofed to be the Ifle of Shetknd, but the Cap*
tain would not be perfuaded, till about fix in the even-
ing the Critfman's people let go the flag, they havings
by that time likewife fecn the land.

On the aad they came up with the Ifle of Farley,
and on the 25th Cowley fays they had the wind all
round the compafs. Before their arrival in Holland
Cowley and his friends would willingly have gone on
board an £ngli(h (hip, that they fpokc with in their
way to be carried to their own country, but tha
Dutchmen infifted on brinijiriir them to Helvoetfluys,
where they arrived on the firft of 0£lober, having
been fevcn months on their paflage from Batavia
thither. After a (hort (lay there, owe of Cowley's
companions died, and he went to Rotterdam, from
VvKcMce he got his pafftgc in the Ann yacht to En-
gland,

ki'. u
Toyag
eovcM

MASTER COWLIY.

It will be obfcrvcd that wc have here ffle£led tliofe
circumflances in Cowley's account, which in general
were not to be found in Dampier's, or were not re-
lated cxadtly in the fame manner. As to his hiftory,
we have no other traces than thtifc which arc to be
found in this voyage. He ap|)ears to have been a (kil-
ful navigator, not nuicli given to wrangling, and

i does not feem to have approved of the fchemes of tlic
Buccaneers, as he quitted tlicm as foon as he h:id an
opportunity. It is to be remembered, that thouj',h he
is complimented by fome with the name of Captain
Cowley, yet he never was iti a higher (tatinn than
that of nialfcr, in which he acqiiittijd himlell to the
general fatisfaftion of his employers.

ACCOUNT OF THE VOY.GE OF JACOB ROGGEWEIN.

S in the voyages of thccircnmnavii;ators, particu-
lar notice is taken of the idands in the South
Seas, and fome of a more modern date have been
undertaken for the purpofc of making difcovcrics in
thcfc partf, fo we have throught proper here to pre-
feiit the reader with the account given by Jacob
Ro;fgewein,a Dutchman, of a newdifcovered ill.ind.
_ _ . This navigator was furniflied hy the Dutch Eaft-

)t"'^uut\'ii" a India Company, with three veflels, called the Eagle,
\ovage ot (lif-the Tienhoven, and the African galley. With tliefe
ooCciy. he fet fail from Amfterdam on the i6th of July in the

year 1721, and came in fight of Brafil towar<ls the
latter end of November. After a fliort ilay at Rio

ianciro, the Dutch -.jcnt in fcarch of Hawkins's
>and, fuppofcd to lie in lat. 30" fouth, but could not
find it, and meeting with a ftorm in lat. 40'' the-
Tienhoven was feparatcd from the other velTels. But
about the beginning of January they difcovercd a large
illand about 200 leagues in circumference lyiiig in 52'
fouth lat. gj" weft long, about 80 leagues diilant
by computation, from the American co:ilK This
land to which he gave the name of Belgia Au-
ftralis, is the f.unc which is now known by the
name of Falkland's Iflanil. He left this ifle to the
windward, and having pafled the Streights of Le
Maire, on the 24th came to Ju.in Fernandez, which
bting the place ^' rendezvous appointed, Roggewein
there luckily f .id the Tienhoven, and after tliree
weeks ftay, prepared to proceed on this voyage, going
ill (isirch of Davis's Land, but he could not diicovcr
any fuch place. *

Afterwards, being in 27° fouth lat. they faw many
birds, and other figns of land but met with none till
they h.-id I'ailcd tz leagues farther, when, on the 6th of
April, being E.ifter-day, tliey came up with an ifland
which they concluded to be unknown before to any
European, to which, according to the day on which
it was dill'jvered, they gave the name ol Eaftcr Ifland.
The ni'iil n markable pnrts of this relation being ex-
actly copied iVoni the Dutch account, we fhall, in
fencral, give them in .he author's own manner,
wherthy the re.ider may he the better enabled to form
his judgment 0.'' this difcoverv. " As foon (fays he
as the anclicrs were rei;dy 10 drop, we obferved at a
diftanee 1 neat boat of a very remarkable conftruiUon,
V,-i.. I. N'8.

' Tilt O'ltowing is the rt'uidn pivcn jjivcn us oftiiat ilifco.
vcrv. Tlic writer of tlie vovayc favs •* Tlicv were f.iilint; frnm
ihc(ialli|>at;nsunt!crttie liiu-, to the fDutlivynril, without intentl-
in(* to touch uiy where till thcv came to tlic i:Lin(( nt |uan Per-
ratMUv. Ill their w.iy tliirlicr nr (ea» in i .1 ilcir. to ti.iti. Liuth
lati utile ihfv Mi the fltock ol an eaithijuakejWhirh was at that time
fevM.;lv t'>:li at Calh■^ where ;he f 1 a ehUed fo tar tioin thclhorc
that thechuinelwa^futliljiilv dry, aiul, rctuiniii}^ with iriendahle
violence carrieii the fhips tn t)ie road ahv'vc a Ieat>,i!c up the
cnunirv.dcltrovin^ man ant! hc.ill tor ^o Ica^ucsi along thccoalt
ami doint; much inilchit^f at I.iiita.

*• Having recovered from our frij^lit, (favs t-,r *'rircr) wc
fltcrctl fouth by call hall caHorlj, til! we ei.itic >.- iititude i>
dct! 10 min. fouth, when aliout two hours bt;fw.(. .!.iv we tell in
u-ith a tnialt, low, fandy iltaiul, ami heard a grci,; > uut.g noif',
lil^c that of the fca Iwaling upcn t\ic fliore, riyiit - iit;ul of the
flit)i, wliercupo'i t!ie tailors, fearing tu f.iU foil v: m l!\e tliorc
before dav, dt.'-red the captain to put the Ihiji .\i)uut, ar.o to
Hand ntftill dav ap|)eared, to which he confciited. So we plied
ort'till dav, and ihen ftooil in again witlt tlie land, which pK*ved
1 fiiiail flat iiUuil, withuuc li": guard of aiiv rocks: wc t1ou<

the whole pafhcd up together out of pieces of wood,
which could hardly make up the fi/.e of half a foot.
This boar was managei. by a giant of twelve feet high,
who exerted all his ftrength to efeapc us — but in vain ;
for he was furrounded and taken. His body was
painted witli a dark colour. We tried with fuch
figns and words .as are ufcd here and there among the
illands 01' the South Sea, to get fome intelligence from
him, but could not perceive tiiat he underllood any
thing. Wherefore we permitted him to go into his
boat again and depart. Two days afterward,s, the
whole lea was covered with the favagc inhabitants of
this ifland, who came fwimm.ing round the (hip ia
fuch multitudes that we neither could, nor did we
think it advifeable to land. They clambered like cats
up the fhip's fides, with the utmoft afi"urance, and
came on hoard, where they did not appear to be in
the leaft afraid of us ; but they feemcd very much fur-
prifed at the largencfs and e.\tent of our fliip and rig-
ging, and could not conceive the meaning of all that
they faw : but their curiofitv was chiefly engaged by
the great guns which they could t enough admire,
and which they freiuently Ifruck tiieir hands upon, to
try if they could lift thein up, a: d carry them ofF;
but when tliey found that fuch logs, by inch an at-
tempt, were too heavy for them, and would not be
moved, thefe overgrown fellows ftoou abaflied, and
w. re in appearance, very much outot humour. 'I'hey
nil I'ooner came aboard, than wc immediately found
that thi-y were naturally as thicvifli and nimble-finger-
ed as tne inhabitaitts of thofc iflcs to which voyagers
have affixed the name of the Iflands of Thieves, from
the great propenfity of the people to rob and Ileal, if
they were not beaten from it. Rufty nails, old iron,
.and whatever they could catch or lay hold on, was
equal to them, with which they jumped overboard.
'I hey .attempted with their nails to fcratch the bolts
out of the fliip, but thefe were too faft for them.

" Thefe huge fellows at laft came on board in I'uch
numbers, that we were hardly capable of keeping them
in order, or keeping a watchful eye upon their mo-
tions, fo that fearing they would become te'O many
for us, we tiled our bcft endeavours to get rid of them
in a friendly manner ; but they not feeming inclin-
able to leave us, wc were obliged to ufc harflier
Y method--.

in within .ijuancrof a mile of the (horc, and could fee it pl&in
for it was a clear murnintr, not ft^^py nor ha/y. To the well
ward alnjut 11 leagues, hy iudtjcmenr, wc law a ran^c of lii^li
land, which wc took to he illands, for there were lercral par.
titivns in the prolpeft. 'I'hij lanti feeireti to reach about four-
teen 01 ii.xtecn leagues in a range, and there came here a iiieat
(lock of fowls. I and manv inoic of our men weuld have luade
this land, and have t^unc alhorc at it, hut the captain would no:
permit us. The fniall i1)and he.irs from Copayjio aliuoil due
eal^, coo leagues from ihc Gallipagos, under the line, (too
league:,.

Dampicr fays, " Captain Davis toM me lately, Thar aftrr his
dcpantire from Hia l.cxa, he went, after ftvnal travorfe. ,to tin:
Galtipagos, and that, ilandinir fre>m thc;.ce luuthvvaid for^'intl,
to brin}; ah^t Tena del Fucgo, in z dc^. 27 min. lat. foutli,
about 500 leagues, from Copaypo, on the e.iail of Chili, he law
a fmall fandy ifland iult by hiin, and that he faw to ihe well-
ward of It a longtiaiH; of pix-ity high land, liearing av'.'v ti the
north welt, out of light. NoiwithUandinff this defciiptinn, the
more modern navigators, a; well as Koggev/cin, base 01 been
able to nnd Davi,'s Ifland.

THE VOYAGE OI*

1 711 methods, and drive tliefe favagcs out of the (hips by

" On the icth of April, we made for the ifland
Eallct Iflani). ,^j,|, „yj. \,o^^^ yn.\\ armed, in ordtr to lu:iJ and lake
a view of their country ; where an innumerable com-
pany of favages flood en tlie beach, to guard the
ihore, and to prevent our Ijndinji. 'I'hey threatened
us mightily, by their ceftures, and fliewed an inclina-
tion to await us, and turn us out of their country;
but, as foon as wc, through neccflity, g.wc them a
difehargc of our mufqucts, and here and there brought
one of them to the ground, ihey loll their courage.
They made the moft furprifing ^jcftures in the world,
and received their fallen companions with the utmolt
alloniftinicnt, wondering at the wounds which the
bullets had made in their bodies i and tlien rhey
lialtily fled, with a dreadful howling, dragging the
dead bodies along with them : So rhe Ihorc was
cKaud, and wc landed in ,1 cty. Thefe per 1) ■ do
not po naked :.s other favagcs do j evtiy ptiion is
clnathetl in dilFermt colours of cotto.i and worfted,
turioudy woven cr ftripcd. But nothing niilbecomes
them more f.'an t'leir ea' , which are abominably
Ion,-;, ami ii. moft of r.^m hang upon the (boul-
ders, fo that hou",'i thii. thLinlclves look upon this
as the greateft irnsmcnt, they ; opearr.l very uncouth
to us, who'Acrt :■.'. ace jftn .id to fuch, cfpecially as
there were in ihem '' eh o> travagantly large holes and
openings, that we ■ ■ ' iraliiyput lur hands in them.
" 'll'i.s fnr f '■ Ji. v- my nn-: itac will gain credit i
bec.iufe it ( is n 'thin,, uncommon ; yet I mud

dccbrc 'r.it ilK'le f. ' agi'.- .'.re of a more than gigiinlii
Gums iliirc. 7'^' ■ *''^'; mcaCurcd, oiu .vith ; lother, t/ie h/i^ht ef
fweh ■ f\it , fo ti,:it We couij eafily without (focping,
have paficd oftweci. 'li ''.'i; ■ ci thefe fons o.'' Goliah.
According; t) th'.T hcY,hi, 'u :' their thicknefsj
and ihcy aic :■!!, < "e wirl' .iMothcr-^ nell proportioned,
fo that each could have p.iTed for a Hercules : But
none of their wives came up to the height of the men,
being commonly not above ten or eleven feet. The
nun had their bodies painted with a red or dark brown,
and the women witr a fcarlct colour. I doubt not
(f;iys the voyager) hut moll people wiio read this
voyage, w ill give no credit to what I relate, and that
this account of the height of thefe giants will pro-
bably pafs with them for a mere fable or fiftioii : But
this I declare, I have fet down nothing but the real
truth, and that this people, upon the niccft infjxjc-
tion, were in foft of fuch a furpafling height as I
have here defcribed."

The writer fays that the Gods of thefe favagcs were
two large (tones j one was exceflively broad, and lay
upon the ground. Upon this the other ftood, which
was fo large, " <hat feven men with out-ftretched
arms, would hardly have been able to ii rcle it, and
befides this thieknefs it was fully as high ;i ;reemen,"
fo that it fcemed wonderful (thus as fironc as thefe
people were) how they could have contrived to place
them one upon another." There was a fort of head
carved on the top of this ftone which was adorned
with a garland that w.as fet fomewhat in the manner
of inlaid work. By what the Dutch could under-
ffand, one of thefe idols was called Tdurice, and the
other Dagc, as by thefe words they addrefs them. They
Tlie idanckrs paid great regard to thefe idols, tlapping their hands
iiioli. and jumping, when they approached them ; and be-

ing in great terror when the great guns were fired among
them, they applied, as it (hou.ld feem, to one of their
gods for ailiftance, (houting and howling out Dago!
D,ngo ! whofe fuccour they thought fiu nccert'ary in
that time of danger.

Aftci having experienced a great ftorm while they
lay before Eafttr Ifland, they ditp.irted trom thence on
the I2tli of April ; and on the 2Cth of May they fell
in with a number of ftioals and fmall iflands, amon^
which the galley ftrurk and went to pieces? but the
crew were faved, and they were diftributcd among
the other fliip^. The higheft of thefe iilatids had been
named by Schoutcn, Watcr-Ifland, on accnuat of the
fpi ingf and Itreaws with which it aboMiidi."d.
1

Thev leave
the ifland.

There v>»s no fafc anchorage here, and neiihtf jial-
mettos nor cocoa trees growing on the ifland, w.is the
reafon, as theDutch conceived, it was uninhjhital. Five
of their people however went on (hore there, and vo-
luntarily rtmained behind, not thufing any longer to
follow the fortune cf their companions.

They palled by the Ifland of I'lits on the 25th of
Mav, and were vifited by thofe dil'.igreeablc gueih al-
ready mentioned in Schouten's voyage. And on the
29th they pafled among a number of rocks and iflands,
in latitude 15' 17', from fome of the. latter of which
they faw a fnioke ajcend, from whidi the voyagers
concluded them to be inhabited ; but they had no op-
portunity of going on. Ihore.

" On the hrit of June (continues the narrator) in
15" 47' we came in fight of an ifland hitherto unknown
to, and unlooked for . by any European. Hither wc
went in our boats in order to take a view of it, and to
procure refrelhments j when the inhabitants who faw
US approach from afar, came down upon the <hor«
to make us return, and to prevent our landing. They
arc people of an (.xeelhnt fliape, well proportioned,
and comely in pcrfon ; aiul what is furprifing, their
fkin is as clear and white as that of a native of Hol-
land. They feenied to Ihew a rcfolution to Hay fov
us J for as foon as we came near, they jumped like
madmen into the water to meet us, and pullied with
great cruelty with their weapons, which confided of
fpears and lances, whofe points were armed with a
very fliarp wood as hard as iron ; wherefore being
obliged to fave onrfelvcs, and preferve our lives fron»
this hoftile attack, we liicd upon them with our luurv-
cts, which mailc thefe lavage wairiors immediately
to take to their heels, and obliged them to look out
for a place of fafety ; for as foon as they had tailed tin:
deadly effects of thefe weapons, they turned their
backs upon us, and fled to a high deep rock, which
they fcrambled up like monkeys, with ine'rediblc fwilc-
neft.

From thence, being convinced of our fupcrior force,
they gave us to underltand, that all liollilities flioull
ceafeon their part, and they would treat witli us as
friends; and on our fide, wc ufed every means to al-
lure them to us, being in the utmod want of :i]| man-
ner of refreftiments. Every thing fucceeded accord-
ing to our wilhes ; they brought us their commodi-
ties, confiding of cocoa nuts, and a certain bitter herb
of the tadc of Dutcli crefles, which is found here in
great plenty. For thcle we gave them in exeli \ il,j
feverai trifles and trinkets; luch as fmall look'ii ;-
glaflcs, glafs beads of all colours, combs, bells, and
a number of fuch toys of little value, with which
they were as well and even better pleafed, than wc
were with the cocoa-nuts and h'tter .•-,:. bs, which
however were muci more agrccible and ufeful to us
in our ))refent con 1 .ion than •• 'd and filvr, as we
thereby "njoyed a lemarkabh benefit and amaxing re-
lief ag.^nd the fcurvy, which had already brought
us iiito a mod depIor.abIe fituation.

*' Although it api' .ed by thefe mutual exchanges
tha I lefe fav;i..'S were t'ot into a good underftanding
and ti cndftiij: n'ith us, we li« n difcovcied that this
was 1 > more than a fcijjnci! '. eon illation, ferving only
to d ( "ivc us and make us t, mo. ^'eafily fall into their
fna' s. with whi 1 ■ llain /US inclinations almod all
the I. I .ibi'.ants of the iflands Iving in thofe feas are
infjiSed : For .as fom^ of our -wpk (in order to view
and mdk'. a farther difcoverv •; the countrv) were
parting let vixt the rocks and eliJKalonga draight and
narrow paih, fo <to the form and condition of the
place, they were met by an oldgrev-heaeled man who,
although he neither underdood them nor they him,
endeavoured bymanv fignsand motion', to make them
fenfiblethat they wcie not in fafety, and that it would
be better for tliein to return : he pointed to the road
that brought them thither; ami the bettei to make
them undcrdand the fecret ambufli and the approjich-
ing danger, he tr>»k up a done from the grouni' and
threw it down before hini. How well l<)tver our peo-
ple aujjht to have uiKlerdood from this, thai thofe

barb.iriatis

#'■■

J A d O B R O () G F W E I N.

bai barians wOuld attack them fiom ilic tops of the
rocki with ftonci, yvt they paid iiu regard to the i'l^m
and admonitions ut the good old favnge, but inarched
forward, truftiiig to their arms. Thry had not gone
far before a dreadful (hower uf fluiies came pouring
upon them frojn all quarters, when they Icult thotighr
of !t, with fuch violence, that many of our people
were theieby lamed and wounded without being able lu
make relillance in defending thcmftlvts or driving the
favagrs from above them, who had made their ali'ault
from too fecure a place \ fo that our people were con-
ftrained to flncken their pace, cojitraiy to thiiir incli-
nations, and return back with their wimnJcd heads,
being very well plcafcd, however, that they had efcaped
fowell.

" Thefe people (he adds) as I hive obfervcd, are
comely and well-proportioned in their perf'ins, a«id
wear as an ornament pearls of a large die in ihcir ears.
About their necks and bodies they wtar as a fingular
ornament, the fhells of pearl oyfters. As we re-
ceived great benefit and relief from our Qcknefs by
means of the bitter herb whicli Is found here in great
plenty, and was given us by tlie favages, in exchange
lor our toys, ; fo this new difcoveitd idand was by
us chriftcned by the name of the Verkwiikings
laand.

" After this adventure with thefe roguilh fav.ngcs
no delay was made there, but wc got at-un ur. ' r fail ;
.md bccaufethe provilioni leflencd gradually from day
to d ly, and tire difordcr, notwithftanding the relief
from the bitter herbs continued to incrcal'e to the great
!;iii-l of us all i it was rcfolved, in a council of the
principal officers, to return home by the Eart Indiij.
VVc then l.iy up to latitude 15" 47' fouth, and accord-
ing to our reckoning zi^- 13' longitude, being then
about 1 200 le.igues from the calt of Peru.

" On the 12th of June we were in latitude 15' 16'
fouth, and on the 14th we dil'covered two iflands
whicli wc could not approach near enough to take a
proper view of, by reafon of the rough and ftrong

Vf's' in cu-

fe.n i but, on the other hand, we had this fatijfaiAion,
that the inhabitants (aiiic to take a view of ii<, and '■
kept hovering about the- fhips in a number of boats of
fu.h neat and exquiliteworkmanfhip, as is almoll in-
credible that any tiling of this kind ihould have been
found among lavages ; they being of fuch an ajlful
conUruclion, the furniture fo pretty, and thi; form fo S
neatly adorned with a numlier of the moll curious rioiu Luai
carved fi;^iirc5, tliat it is iiii|)onihJe for the imagination
to conceive any thing more cK'gant i and really their
cnrved image work (whidi was the greatcft ornament
ii( thefe boats) was fo exquifite, that I much doubt
if there are many engravers in Europe capable of pro-
ducing more curious workmanfhip. 1 he people in
thd'e line boats were armed with darts, and hail their
heads adorned with green leaves, and their bodies
doathed with reeds. This illand got the name of
Bauman's Illand, from a captain of that name. It
was yery picafant and delightful to behold, fruitful,
and furrounded with trees, among which the palmetto
(hewed itfelf.

On the 15th, wc came in fight of an ifland about
feven miles in length, lying in lat. 13' 40' fouth.
Many of us felt ■ longing dtfire to touch at this ifland,
in hopes of procuring (i>me rcfrcflmitnt ; but it was
deferred, and we purfued our voyage without landing,
in order to favc time, becaufe our miferies and incun-
vcnicncies daily increafed, and the diforders from many
caulbs increafed alfo.

On the 18th of July we perceived many ifland^',
;uid among the reft New Zealand, which we com-
puted to be in extent about 300 leagues, being under
6' fouth latitude, and longitude i66^."

The commander purfuing his courfe homeward by
way of the Eaft Indies with as much expedition as
poffible ; nothing farther was done worthy of notice,
nor was tlie exiftencc of a fouthern continent proved
or difproved by thuli: who had undertaken this
voyage.

./■'AnU

THE VOYAGES OF CAPTAIN COOKE.

t"* /^ apt AW DAMPIER, notwithftandin^ the ill
\. A fuccefs he had met with in the South beas, o.>
Ir nrturn to England endeavoured to engage the mer-
chuit, of London in fitting out feme vclllls, to make
prices ' ' the Manilla Ihip, wh«ch was a favourite
jirojeft . his, that he thought mrrht (till be brought
to bear. Failing, however, in his attempts in the me-
tropolii he repaired to Briltol, where he pcrfuaded
niiiet«-n gentlemen and merchants to form an alfocia-
tion for this purpofe ; and accordingly two private
P. ips of war were prepared, whofe oSi.ev.i confifted
ot perfon- o ■xpcricnc, or fuch as \\x:t highly in-
tcrelK'd in the undertakinff : the crews were put under
better reliricHons and regulations, and the veflels in
j;cneral b.tter provided againft accidents, than moft of
thofc that had been employed in fuch undertakings.
Befides I "is, rewards were held out to the men,
fuch as might eiici.uragc them to behave with fpirit,
am' 30I. was awarded to every failor that Ihould lofe
a ii.nh in the I'rvicc. The fti:ps were named the
Duke, and the Duche.is. C .ptain Woodes Rogers
commanded the firft, ■.vhirfi carried three hundred
tons, thirty-fix guns, a,v\ jcjmeiv, ami Captain Ste-
phen Courtney had the command of the other, which
was of 270 tons, and carried thirty guns, and 151
men. The former of thefe commanders was a r si

• The inflru^tiors of the owners were " Torcptir to jtreland,
r.>r provifions, and then tti proceed iinmediarcly on their voy«t?c,
iiiil tn fend any pr.zcs they might chinco to take in their way
eitltcr hcjiue ur to America. They were ordereil to Iterp to-
gether, and to »(\ in cunccrt, and to undertake nothing of confe-

who had a peculiar art of keeping his authority and
prcferving his influence over the feamcn, and was one
who had been a confiderable lofer by the French, and
ei:ferfp.iiicd a fort of diflike to that people. The latter
was ,' Dcrfon of rank and fortune, was of an amiable
difpofiti.Mi, and had contributed largely to the under-
taking, i'here was on board the Duke one Mr. Tho-
mas Dover, w ho was well known for his recommen-
dation of quickulver, fomewhat more than 40 years
ago, in a little boOK called " Dover's Laft Legacy
to his Country") he was fecond in command to
Captain Rogers, as was Captain Cooke to Captain
Courtney, on board the Duchefs : Cooke was an ex-
perienced feaman who had been t,' ice taken prifoner by
the enemy, and now ventured his perfon and whole for-
tune on this expedition, and Dampiei was made pilot
of the Duke ; both fliips being provided with proper, vj

legal commiffions to cruife againft her majefty's ene-
mies in the South Seas.*

All things being prepared, thu' left Kingfroadon
the firft of Auguft, in thf y .r 17c 8, and came to an '''!'' "f^'
anchor in the Cove of Corke, on the 4th of the fame'^'' ''"'"
month, where they tooi in refiefliments, changing '"S ""
fomeot their men, and cnliftin;; ethers, till the firft o.
September. Then they '. t fail agai 1, and proceeded
on their voyage in company with th^ Haftings man of

quencc without delilieratingon themittci in a council of odiicri
ot Imth fliips." And above >!!, they w»re inllrui:>cd mutually
to afli(t each other in regard tu provifioiis,. water, &c. fo that
thofe in one vclTel Ihould sever be in want while there was any
fupply rciMiBing.

THE VOYAGES 01^

!-oS war. iJiit llay liaJ oi»ly bcon nine days at fea bcfurc
» \i • funic of the cruv took occufioii to mutiny< <>f which
rircumltancc our voyager gives the follciwiiig account.
— '* C)n thr lotli of Scptcmlicr (fays he) wc faw a
AS«T lirtivef- fail, which wc chacctl and came up with, Ihc hap-
!<.[ t»kvn. p^iuil to he a Swede, bound for Cadiz j and though
from fcvcr.il circumllaiiics there was reafon to fufpedt
th.it (he had coi\tr.iband goods on bo.ird, yet it being
difficult to prove it, and hcini; in hafle, wc difmilltfl
Her ilirmiil'ijii her. This cauf.d a muiiny on board the Duke, ho.idcd
c.miti .iiiiu- by the boatf«ain and three inferior officers, who
"">• perfuaded the men not to give her up. Captain Ro-

gers confined the authors of this difordcr, in which
there was not one foreigner concerned, lie put ten of
the niuliiiccrs in iron>, i failor being firlt foundly
whipped for exciting the relt to join him j others lc(»
guiltv, he puniihed and difcharged j but the officers
continued armed, fearing what might happen, the
(hip's company fecming too much to favour the muii-
iKtrs. 'I'hey had afterwards a great deal of trouble
wiili thcfe fellows, who did more mifchlcf when in
irons thanbcforc,bv (lirring up thtmcnto rclcafethem,
prelcndin;;, 'Ihatthcy futtcrcd inth'"caiife of the crew,
and lli-refore the crew ought to rife and releafe them.
This determined th? ca^/tain to ir.akc fome examples,
but not to irritate them too much. He therefore
began by runovin; tlic boatfwain from his office, and
appointing an' ther in his room, without intending
any thing fa' .litr. liut, on the 14th, this intcrtine
ftorm rufe higher than ever; for thenalailor, w itii
the bell pr.rt of thefliip's company at his heels, went
lip to the captain and demanded the boatfwain out of
cuftoJy. With this man the captain ilcfired to fpeak
aline ; and, when became upon the quarter-deck, the
officer^ feizcd him, and caufcd one of his chief com-
r.idfs t ) whip him."

It wjs by fuch piiniflimcnts as thefc that the com-
bination was at length broken. As to the boatfwain,
they Ant h.ni home in irons ; the red of the prifoners
were rekafed upon a proper fubmiffion \ and the cap-
tain even rcllored the petty officers to their places
ord..iing them to be obtyed as before, and giving
clnrge that none Ihoild reproach them for their for-
mer error. In this manner all things were quieted
and the two velTels proceeded on their voyage, .llid on
the 1 5th, being to the fouthward, and to the caftward
of M.ideira, they bore away for the canaries. Thus
proceeding, on the 15th they took a fmall Spanilh
Pifpiitf jliout J,,^^|j hounj lYom TencrifF to Fuertovcntura, havinu
' ' lundry lorts ot goods and pallengers or l>oth lexes on

board. " The next ilay, fays our author, we bore
away for Oratavia Roail, where we llood oft' and on,
and fcnt away the prize's boats with one of our
owners agents, a prieft, and the mailer of the prize,
to treat about the runfom of her, and to get wine,
provifions, and oiher necedaries, for the icfrelhmcut
of both the Iliips. About eight the next morning, a
boat came from the town, with a letter from the
Enjilifli merchants rci-Jing there, wherein thev ex-
pnltiil.ctcd with u^ lor making prize of the baric, al-
icilging iliat there was .. rec tiade .agreed to, in thefe
illanJs, between her m '^lly of Great Britain and
the kings of France anu .ipain, which was fo rcligi-
<.iifly obfervcd by the latrcr, that they had caufed an
Knglilh fliip taken there be a French privateer, to be
rirltored ; and farther jirefenting ilie danger that
might arife to tiicmfilvn, (living by permilfion in an
enemy's countiy) if the bark were not given up, for
which reprifals would be made on them ; as alfo that
we Ihould be anfwerablc at home tor interrupting the
fettled commerce. This letter was figned by the eon-
fiil and three capital merchanis. Our captains im-
nicdiatclv returned for anfwe.. That having no in
firinStions relatm,; to the Spanilh vellcls trading among
thofc iflands, they could not juftify rcleafing the fliip
on thirir bare opinions, without fome' order or pro-
clamation of her m.ajcfty j the Englilh being proteifted
there only on anchming ground, and the bark Lving
taken on the open feas ; that in cafe Mr. Vanbrugh
[who had not returntdj was not riitoied, thev would
6

carry away all the prifon..-rs tiny had, and if thoy
[the Englilh merchants on Ihorej apprehended any
detriment to the fai-'torv, thn might ranlbm thi!
bark, and feck their rcdiefs in lEngland. They con-
cluded with defiring difpateh, as they h.id no time toi
lofe, and added, lliat upon (ending back Mr, \'an-
brugh, they would releale their priloncrs. At night
another letter came in aniwer, from the confiil, im-
porting, that the Englilh men of war «erc civilly
received there, and never committed anv hollilitiis t
rnd that it was llrange we Ihould infill on ranfomin;.;
any Spaniards, who were never made priloners ii*
England or elltwhere j and the governor ilicre de-
livered up to him any Englilh prifoners that were
brought 111 by Spanilh privaueis: wheiekire he in-
lifted that thole in our cuftody fhould be difmifled,
and the bark difchar>>ed, on accepting a prcfent of
wine in return. With this from the conful at the
city of Lawiina, came another letter from the mer-
chants at Oratavia I'ort, much the fame in purport,
only offering to pay to the value of 450 pieces of
eight, the fum demanded for the bark, in wine,
brandy, fugar, oil, barley, and greens, to prevent
inccnfing the natives againft them, not doubting but
that reparation would be made them in Pingland. Our
captains replied by threatening to cruil'c anion,'; the
iflands, to avail thcnifelves for their lof, of time, and
to cannon.ide the town of Oratavia, unlcfs tlicy re-
ceived immediate fatisfartion.

" On the 22d, at four in the morning, we fJroJ
in for the fhorc, making a clear Ihip. Hut loon
after we faw a boat coming with our owner's agent,
and Mr. Crofs, one of the Englilh merchants, bring-
ing five butts of wine and other refclhments. Wc lay
off the town, took the goods out of the prize, fold
the bark to Mr. Crofs, and put the priloners on
board her. Thus ended this troublefome bufinefs, '
which being unanimoully approved of at a council
of officers of both Ihips, we proceeded on our voyage,
and feeing a fail to the welKvard gave cliace to her i
but night coming on wc loft her. On the 24th wu
crofl'cd the tropic of Cancer, and the Sunday follow-
ing |)€rformcd the ceremony of dijiping the men of
both Ihips, who had not croflld it before — a cere-
mony that caufes a good deal of mirth among the
common men.

" On the 30th wc paffed by St. Lucia, one of the
Cape Verd lilands — by eight in the morning came in
fight of St. Vincent, and about eleven, anchored in
ten fathoms water, within the rock. As we knew the
ifland not to be inhabited, we were not a little fur-
prifed to fee fome people on (hoic ; and, in order to
learn who they were, and what their bufinefs was, I
armed the pinnace and went on Ihorc ; when we
found them to be Portugucfe, come fnim the ifland 01
St. Anthony, to catch turtle, who rold us we might
wootl and water here. 'I"his ifland lies in i6" 58'
north lat. and in 25" 36' weft long, from the meridian
of London. There are on it (luinea hens, ho^s, and
goats, and about the lliorc plenty of (ilh. In the
worxis there are fpiders as large as little birds, whole
webs are not eafil;' broken through, being woven with
a fubftance neatly as ftiong as ordinary thread."

During the time they lay at St. Vincent's, other
^lifturbances arolc among the crew, with regard *^'"^ ' ■""'''■
to plunder. Having an opportunity to trade, all
were alike wiftiing to have fomeihing to exchange.
On this account tiiere was nothing but murmuring in
the Ihips about the effects which had been taken in
the prize. In order to fettle this point, fuch ar-
ti.les were formed, as without doing any ini iry to
the owners, were dc^meil moft proper tor infpiring
the I'camen with courage and conftancy. Thcfe being
adjufted, all the people returned with cheart'ulnefs to
their duty, two or thr .-e of the Duke's men only cx-
•xptrd, who efcaped and remained on Ihore. Among
theic was the linguilf, who was fuppofed to have .
ftayed behind againft his will, having neglefled to
come on board, according to the notice tent hiin,
ihey, in return, fet fail without him.

CAPTAIN COOKE.

On the 8tJi of Ortobtr the Alp fet fail for Brafil,
but frefll tliffcrenccs arofc imong tlie men on tlicir
pnflagc thither i and, at length, as one mode of accom-
modating them, it wan rvfulved to find Mr. Page,
who was frconJ mate of the Duchcfs, cu fervc on
board the Dtikc, and that Mr. Ballet fliould cuine
from the Duke to fervc, in hit (lead, on board the
Ducheb. Page refufinj; to obey tlie order, force was
ufcd to compel him to obtJicncc, and when he was
br(iu|;ht on board the Duico, he was .-iccufcd of mutiny.
fieini; permitted to go to the head for a neccflarjr pur-
pofe, he jumped overboard, with a view of fwimming
Dack to his old Ihip again ; but was taken up, tried
aiid punilhed.

They crolTcd the equator on the a7th, and the 14th
t>{ November made Lapc Frio, on the coaft Brafil.
Coming to an anchor on the 18th at the iflcof Grande,
()ne of the men zoing from the (hip without leave, and
giving the firll lieutenant foul language, and threat-
ening foon to be revenged, he was put in irons, when
his mefs-mates demaniTing that he ihould be relcafcd,
or that they Would (hare his puni(hmcnt, feven of
them went voluntarily into irons.

♦* On the 2irt (fays our voyager) I went on(hore
In the pinnace, with a prefcnt to the governor, and
to acquaint him that we were friends. At our fir(t
landing, they fired feveral (hot, taking us for French
but auer\7ards made an apology, and received us
civilly. On the 23d, twoof the mutineers were \/hip-
ped, ajid put in irons again. On the 24th four of the
eight men in irons were rcleafed on their fubmitTion }
and two men went on (hore, dcfigning tu leave the
fllip, and having bargained with a canoe to carry them
to the main, they were, by miftakc, put a(horc at a
different part of the illand, where, finding thcmfelves
on an uninhabited coafV, they began to relent, and,
after (laying a night in the woods, where they were
terrified -.vith the loaring of wild be.i(ls, they came in
Cj^ht of the (hip, and made figns of repentance, hum-
bling thcmfelves in the moft fuppliant manner, and
en their knees with their hands lifted up, endeavoured
to move compa/Iion. After fome time, the boat
vent off and brought them on board, where they were
confined in irons till tlie next day, and then relcafcd."
On the Z5th two Irifhmen flole aw.iy fiom the Duke,
and fecreied thcmfelves in the woods as the twro fea-
men had done from the Duchefs. About four the next
morning, the watch on the quarter deck efpied a ca-
noe, and hailed her to come on board. The rowers
not anfwcring, but driving to efcipe, the Duke's
pinnace purfuL-d the canoe, nicd into her, and mor-
tally wounded one of the Indian rowers. He that
owned and (leered the canoe was a friar, and had a quan-
tity of gold on board, which, after runningthe canoe
on (hore, he had juft time to hide before the Duke's
pinnace reached the land. A Portuguefe who was in
the canoe, having no gold to lole, would not fol-
low the example of the friar, but on the contrary,
knowing the tnglifh to be friends, called him back,
who, on his return, was carried with the wounded
Indian on board the Duke, where the poor man was
drcflcd hy the (iir^rons, but died in a few hours.
The officers in both (liips were very lorry for this un-
fortunate accident, entered their proted againft it, and
cauftd the man to be buried on (hore in a very folemn
manner. The friar, however, who had lolt his gold
was not to bo appe;ifetl, but threatened to feek for
jufticc in Portugal or England. In rowing the (hip
about the ea(li-rnmoft part of the iflanJ, we cfpicd the
Duke's two men waiting for a canoe to cany them
over to the main ; and two of our lieutenants manned
the boat, and landing the men in a convenient
place to get behind them to prevent their cfcaping to
the woods, they rowed to the place where the fellows
were fcen to lurk. — When the latter fo\inJ thcmfelves
befet, they endeavoured to fly, but being intercepted,
they were broui-ht on board, put in irons, and fent
to their own (nip, where they were afterwards fe-
vertly punifhed.

The principal officers of both (hips went on the

Vol. I. N- 8.

at Tea.

27th to the town of Anj^ra dos Rey<;, on the iniiin j 1708

carrying along with them their (liip's mulic. They > ,— «

were kindly received by the yovernor and fathers, who

with their fervants were the p.incipal inhabitants, as J,' J' J'"',';" J ^

they did nut fee above 60 low built lioufes inthelu»ii. An^-iadu,

'Che governor received them at the guard-houfe with Rc^i.

to men under arms, ajld entertained them with A

dinner, fwectmeats, and rum. It being a fcdival, he

and the fathers afked the Eiiglifh to go and fee their

Francifcan church, whither they went accordingly t

and their muficians being feated in the gallery, played

in concert with the church mufic, ani^ after divintf

fervicc was over, walked with them in procclTion,

each carrying a large wax candle in his hand. After

this they were brought to a large hall, where the

fathera entertained them with (ifli, fruits, and fwcet->

meats. The Engli(li were told that 15 miles up the

country there were gold mines, more profitable thail

thofu of Mexico and Peru, but it was obfervcd that

the Tupayans inhabiting tlie inland plains were a racti

of men taller and ftronjer than the Portuguefe, un*

conquerable uiul having an utter averfion tu labour.

'I he (hips weighed anchor on the lad day of No-
vember ; but a tornado coming on, they thought fit
to take the flieltcr of the iflanJ till it abated, wheut
on the id of December, both (hips failed out of the
bay to proceed on their voyage. On the 23d they
m.idc an illand in hit. ^t" 25 by account, which they
fuppofcd tu be Falkland's Illand.

On the 5th of January they had a violent gale of Tlwy arc in
wind at north-call. " At two in the afternoon of Kr'-;»"'''"i;«»
this day (fays my author) we reefed both courfes,
then lowered our fuic-yard, and lay by till five, at
which time our walle was filled with water, and wu
ex|H:ilcd the (hip to fink every moment. We got
down our fore-yard as well as we could, and loofej
the fprit-fail to veer the (hip, which at lad we accom-
plilhed, but in veering we thought we (hould h.ivc
foundered with the weight of water that was in her
wade. Thus we fcuddetl before the wind, the Duke
following, and, at nine, (hipped a fea in the poop, av
we in the cabin were going to fuppcr. It beat in all
the cabin windows and bulk-head, and heaved the
fird lieutenant half way between the decks, with fe-
veral mufquets and piftols that hung there, darting a
fword that was againd the hulk-head of the cabin
through my man s hammock and rug, that hung
againd the bulk-head of the deerage ; and had not the
bulk-head of the great cabin given way, all we who
were there mud inevitably have been drowned before
the water could have been difcharged. Our yaul was
ftavcd on t**e deck, and it was a wonder that many
were not killed by the (hutters, the bulk-head, and
the arms that were driven with a prodigious force.
But providence delivered us from this andmany other
danp s, only one majt or two were hurt, and fome
bruiijd, but not one rag of dry cloaths was left us }
our cheds, beds, and bedding being all foakcd in fca-
water. Next day the dorm abated, and we continued
our courfe, coading very far to the fouth, where we
endured much cold, by which our men were greatly
afpeifled, infomuch that a third part or both (liips
companies fell Tick, occa(ioned, as I fuppofe, by their
having been wet and cold, being in fouth lat, 61" 48'.
On Monday the 17 th by a good obfervation, I found
that we were got round Cape Horne,lVrra del Fuego,
and the Streiglits of Maghellan, and to the northward
of Cape Vilerdos. On the icjth I reckoned we were
to the northward of Port St. Stephen, on the coad
of Patagonia in the great South Sea. On the 3111, al
eight in the morning, we made the ifland of Juan
Fornandez, where we defigned to wood and water.
In the afternoon. Captain Dover went off in the pin-
nace to get tome provifions, and in the evening faw
a fire on (hore, which made us conclude there were
(hips in the road, as we were alHired the illand had
no inhabitants : we therefore made the (ignal for the
boat to return, and (he accordingly came on board
about twelve o'clock at night. On Tuefday we row-ed
and towed into the great bay, and came to auchof in
2 JO fathom

"TTpr-

THE VOYAGES OP

Altixntidcr
bclkirk.

l(^

■«■.,

i;o8 50 f.itliom water. All this day wc had ■ clnr (hip,
» > I cxpciling a rencountcri but were much dirappoiiued
when, iiillead of a valuable prizci wc difcovcrcd an
ExirinnliiiAryodd figure of a man, who had been the folc rcfidcnt
•ccouiit nf on the ifland lor four ycara. His name was Alex-
ander Selkirk, a Scotchman, who had been niullcr
of the Ciiiiiue Ports, the Ihip that accompanied i)am-
picr in his voyage to the South Seas, and was, as
Dumpier faid, one of the bcft men in her. Captain
Kogcrs immediately agreed with hitn to be his male.
It was this man who made the fire in the night when
he faw our fliips, which he judged to be Englifti.
During his ftay here, he faw fcveral (hips pafs by, but
only two came to an anchor. As he went to view
them, he found them to be Spaniards, and retired
from ilicm, Upon which they (hot at him. Had
thov been French, he would have fubmittcd ; but he
chn'fi; to rifque his dying alone on the ifland, rather
than fall into the hands of the Spauiards, bccaufc he
apprehended they would either murder or make a
Have of him in the mines ; for he feared they would
fpaio nollrangcr that might be capable of difcovering
the South Seas. The Spaniards had landed before he
knew what they were, and they came fo near him that
lie had much adotoefcape ; for they not only (hot at
Mm, but purfucd him to the woods, where he climbed
to the top of a tree, at the foot of which they charged
tlieir pieces, and killed feveral goats hard by, but went
off without difcovering him. He told us that he was
born at I,argo, in the county of Fife, and was bred
a Jailor from l.is youth. The renfun of his being left
heic, was a ditterence between liim and his ciptain,
t\hich, together with the (hip's being leaky, maje him
tvilling rather to (la) here than to go along with him
atfirft) and when he >vas at lart willing to go, his Cap-
tain would not rcceivs him. He had been at the ifland
before to wood and water, when two of the (hip s
company were left upon it for fix months, tilt the
fliip returned, being chaced from thence by two
Fixneh Sovith-Sta fliips. He had wit'i him his cloaths
and bedding with a firelock, frinic ))owdei, bnllct>,
and tobacco; rt hatchet, a knife, a kettle, a bible,
fomc practical pieces, and his mathematical iiiflru-
inent:i and books. He div'eitedand pro\ iuid forhim-
ftlf as well as lie could ; but for the tirll eight moiulis
he had inuch .ido to bear up againft melancholy, ;ind
the terror of being left alone in fuch a defolate place
He built t*o huts in pimento trees, covered them
with long fafs, and lined them with the fici;is of
goats, whicli he killed with his gun as he wanted, fo
Ion" as his powder laded, which was but u pound ;
and that being Jnioft fpcnt, he got fire bv rubbing
two (licks of pimento wood together upon his knees.
In the fmaller hut, at fomc diftance from the other, he
clrelied his vifiuals, and in the larger he flept ; and
employed himfclf in rer.i'ing and fingine pfalms, and
prayi'':', fo that he faid he was a better CTiriftian while
in th!» 'olitude, than ever he was before, or than he
was afriid, he (hould ever be again. At full he ne-
ver cat any thing till hunger conftrained him f partly
for grief,'an<l partly for want of bre.id and fait) nor
<iid lie go to bed till he could watch no longer. The
pimento wood, which burned very clear, Icrved him
for both fire and candle, and rcfrefhcd him with its fra-
grant fmcU. He ipight have had fi(h enough, but
could not eat them for want of fait, hecaufe they oc-
cafioned a loofenefs, except Cray fifh, which are as large
as lobftcrs, and very good. Thcfe he fometimes
broiled, and at other times boiled, as he did the goat's
flefh, of which he made good broth. He kept an ac-
count of 500 that he killed while there, and caught
as many more which he marked on the car, and then
let them go. When his powder failed he took them
by fwiftnefs of foot ; for his way of living, and con-
tinual cxcrcifc cleared him of all grofs humours, fo
that he ran with wonderful celerity through the woods,
and up the rocks and hills, as we perceived, when we
employed him to catch goats for us. We had a buU-
wnich we fint with feveral of cur nimblcft run

dog

ncr;, t» help him to catch goats i

but he didanccd

both the dog and the mrn t caueht the goad, tii
brought them to ui on his back, tie told ui that bi«
agility in purfuing .1 goat was once likely to have coH
him his life : he purfuid it with fo much eagernelii
that he caught hold of it on the brink of a precipice,
of which he was not aware, the bufhcs hiding it from
him i fo that he fell with the goat down the preci-
pice a great height, and was fo much bruifcd with the
fall, that he narrowly efcaped with his life i and when
he came to his fenles found the goat dead under hi>ii.
He lay there about 24 hours, and was (barcely able Co
crawl to hit hut, which was about a mile dilfanet , or
toftir abroad again in ten days. He came at Inll ta
relifh his meat without fait or bread. He had a con-
flant fupply of good turnips, which had been fown
there by Captain Dumpier, and had now overfpread
(omc »eies of ground. He had good cabbage from the
cabbage-trees that grow wild upon the illand, and
feafoned his meat with the fruit of the pimento, which
is the fame with the Jamaica pepper, and finclls de-
licioufly. He found alfo a black pepper called Mala-
trcta, which was very good to expel wind and to
flrengthcn the (lomach. He foon wore out all hi*
(hoes and cloaths by running in the woods; and,
at laft, being forced to (hift without them, his feet
became fo hard, that he ran every where without
difficulty { and it was fomc lime before he could wear
(hoes after we found him ; for not being ufcd to any
fo long, his feet fvvcllcd when he came to wear them
again. After he had conquered his melancholy, he
(luTrtcd himfelf fometimes with cutting his name
upon the trees; fometimes with contrivances to vary
and increafe his fluck of tools ; and fometimes, in clear
evenings, in counting the (tars. He was at firft much
diflurbed with cats and ruts that h.id bred in greai'
numbers, from fome of each fpccics which had got on
fhorc from (hi|)s tlut had put in there to wood and
water. The rats gnaned his feet and cloaths whila
he flept, which obliged him to chcri(h the cats with
goat's fle(h, by which means many of them became fo
tame, that they would come about him in hundreds,
and foon delivered him from the rats. He likcwife-
tamed his kids, and to vary his diverfions, would
fometimes fing and teach them to dance. So that, by
his natural flow of humour, and the vigour of his
youth, being now but thirty years old, he came at
lafl to conquer all the inconveniences of his folitudc,
and to be very eafy. When his cloaths were worih
out, he made Iiimfclf a coat and a cap of goats (kins,
an' which he (litchcd together with little thongs of
the fame, that he cut with his knife. He had no
other needle hut a nail, and when his knife was worn
out to the back, he made others of (bme iron h(x>p»
that were on (horc, which he beat thin, and ground
upon ftoncs. Having fome linen cloth by him, he
fewed himfelf fome (hirts with a nail, and (litchcd
them with the worded of his old (lockings, which he
pulled out on purpofe. He had his lad (hirt on, when
wc found hin> on the ifland. At his coming on board
us, he had fo miich forgotten his lanfjuage for want of
ufc, that wc couid fcarccly under(land him; for hp
feemed to fpeak his words by halves. Wc offered him
a dram, but he would not touch it, having drank no-
thing but wat'.r fincc his being there, and it was fomc
time before he could relilh our victuals. He could
give us no account of any other produift of the ifl.ind
(except what has been here mentioned) but fomc
bl.ick plumbs, which were very good, but difficult to
come at, the trees which bear them growing on high
mountains and rocks.. The officers that went fird on
(hore were invited to his retreat,; but the way to it
being very rut^gcd and intricate, only a very few of
them had curiofity enough to viilt it. He had an ir-
rcconcileable averfion to an officer on board the Cinque
Ports, who, as he was informed, was on board the
Duke, but not being a principal in command, he
was prevailed upon to wave that circiimdance, and to
accompany Captain Dampier, for whom he had a
friendfnip. He was very- ufeful while the (hips dayed
at Juan Fcrnainlti, in fupplyiiig them with frcfh pro-

viAons,

CAPTAIN COOKE.

«3

vlfionf, and fxcilitttin^ t|ic biifiiirA of talcin)/ in
WuotI uiiil water. He laiJ he had Iccn liiow unJ ice
in July, which it the miildlc uf wintir iu th:\t climntc,
but ihc months ot' September, Oduber iiiiJ Nuvcm-
bcr, are inconceivably pteaf.int i the air luing per-
fumed with a frngranre thiit chcridies and levives the
fpiritu, and ha« a woi\derful eflcd tifun animaU as
Well as men, which Selkirk tcniatkid by thrir play-
fulnclt and plumpncft. Ilu partijulaily dincttd uh
tu a plant nul much unlike fcvcriew, o( a molt gr:itc-
ful and rnrdial fc-nt, with \. liicli w^ Drewtd tiic tiM>,
v( the fick, and who were thereby much cumforttd,
and their cure facilitated. ^Vc gailiend many bun-
dleH uf it, and dried them in the ihadc, and fcnt them
en board.

A general council of officers w.is held on board the
Duke, on the 14th uf February, when llveral ufeful
rc)^ulations were agreed to, and .tmong the red, two
inlpedlors were fent out of the Duke, on board the
Duchefs, to take .iccount of what prizes ftie might
make, while two of her people were fent on board
Captain Rogers fur the fame purpofe ) and the pin-
n.ices, which had been fitted up while they lay in the
bay, being launched, they departed, and palFcd the tro-
l)ic of Capricorn, and afterwards had the fea as I'mooth
as apund i whereupon the men were ordered tu attend
prayers twice every day, at the fame time that ga-
ming w.'\s privately prohibited.

1 ncy now concluded to bear away for Lobo>, in-
tcndinp there to fupply themfelves with boats, to land
at Guiaquil : but feeing a fail in the afternoon, they
gave chace, took her, and found that flie was from
Guiaquil, and was bound for Cheripc, in order to
take in a lading of flour, to pay for which they had 50I.
on board, and nothing tife of value. By the people of
this vefTel they were told, thatGuiaquil had been lately
burned j that the Jcfu Maria, lately a man of war,
was coming thither from Lima to be rebuilt, and that
nnother Ihip was expedcd from Panama or Payta :
'I'liefc people added, that they had not hcardof any men
of war or privateers being in thofe feas. Continuing
tlicir courfe after this information, they m.'ide Lobos,
and anchored in the road on the i6tli in the evening.
•' Here they fitted up the prize, (fays my author) and
it was agreed upon that I (hould go out in her with
331 men to cruilc in company with the Duchefs ; and
with that view, (he (the prize) was new named, and
called The Beginning^ Galley, At day-break, on the
26th, we came up with a fliip which they faw (land-
ing to the fouthward, and found her to be a bark of
50 tons, from Guiaquil to 7'ruxillo with timber and
cocoa-nuts. It w.is agreed that Captain Courtney
(hould (land in with her in the night, and that I (hould
continue to cruife till farther orders, which on the
27th I received, and the fame evening came to an an-
chor by the Duke and Duchefs, in Lobos Road. The
liext day the prifoncrs being examined, renortcd that a
(hip of 36 brafs suns was expe£lcd from Lima, with
the viceroy of Mexico and his mother onboard ; and
that they were bound to Panama. Upon this intelli-
gence, It was rcfolved in full council to cruife in
quell of this (hip, and, if (he cfcaped, to attack Guia-
quil.

The fick men from both the (hips were put on board
the prize, wliich was named The Increaft Galley,
and the carpenters built a boat while they lay at Lo-
bos ; and on the 31(1 of March they left Lobos with
a defign to cruife to the windward of Payta. On the
firft of April, they tooka laigc (hip of 400 tons from
Panama, having 50 or 60 blacks on board, and
the next day they tooic another prize havine about
lool. in plate on board and fome timber. — On the
9th it was refolvcd in council to prepare for an attempt
upon Puna and Guiaquil, and it was alfo agreed, that
the Captains Rogers and Courtney (hould each com-
mand a company of feamen, and Captain Dover a
party of landmen : That Captain Dover (hould give
the word of command the tirft night, and that the
other two captains (hould take their turns. Mr.
Vaitbi'ugh, the owners agent, was removed from the

council on the lolh, on ch'^rgc of killingtlie Indian, tyoR
as alio engaging on all uccalioiis to vote with Captain « , /
Rogers, and difubeying urderi*.

The plan for attacking Guiaquil being fettled, on
the 12th, the fleet failed for that harbour, and the com-
manding officers chofe their parlies, Captain Dover
taking llie marinris, and the Captains Rogers and
Couiiney two parties of failurs, 75 men in each 1
Captain Dampier Commanded the artillery, and wai
to futin .1 b(»ly of refcrvc. The whole number
amounted to 238 cft'c^ivemen. The Captains Cooke
and Fry had the care of the (hips and prizes, having
226 Indians and blacks on board, bcfidei a fmall bo-
dy of failors.

" On the 15th (fays my author] we faw a fail near
the (liore, and having little wind, the Duke's boat '^ "'[''''''''•
commanded by Captain Fry, and ours by myfcif, ""' '"*'
made dire£lly for her, Roinu oft' in fuch hade that
neither of us had the fwivclguns wc ufed to carry,
nor our full compliment uf men. I'he Duke's boat
nearing her firft, (he put out Spani(h colours, fired a
gun, andhoifted hcrSpanilh flag at the maintop-maft
head. The Duke's boat then lay by for us to ccmo
up. We f.iw the vefTel was French-built, .tnd, by
thedcfcription the prifoners had given us, concluded
it muflbc the (hip wc had been lo long cruifing for i
which was to carry the bifhop. Our (hips being al>
mufl out of (ight, and the Spaniards fo near the coaft,
we rcfolved to lay her on board on each bow, and ac-
cordingly fell to it. The difpute was hot for a long
time, we keeping a conflant fire, andthecncniy re-
turning it, who killed two of Captain Fry's men,
bcfidcs wounding one of his, and two of mine. One of
the killed was Mr. John Rogers our fecond lieutenant
and brother to Captain Rogers. The Duke's boat,
finding the entcrprife dcfperate, bore away; and fome
timc-tftcr, wedid thelikc. But Captain Fry ha/ing
put fome uf his men on board us, given us fome pow-
der and (hot, and taken in our wounded, I made again
to the chace, refolving to keep her from the (horc,
and rather than fail, to clap her aboard. The Spa-
niards perceiving our defign, edged ofF to fea, and we
followed them. Our (hips came up apace ; and tl>e
Duchefs having fired a (hot or two, the vcfTcl flruck
her colours, and furrcndered. The men begged for
good i^uarter, and we promil'ed them all civility.

This (hip came from Panama, and was hound for
Lima, to be fitted out for a man of war. Tlierc
were 70 blacks, and many palTengers, with a quantity
of pearls on board. 1 he lading confifltd of bale
goods, and fome things belonging to the bifhup ; but
they had fet him with his attendants on (horc at Point
S. Helena ; from whence he was to go to Guiaquil by
land. While the French pofTefled this vefTel, (he was
called La Lune d'Or. She was of 270 tons burden,
and commanded by Don Jofcph de Arizabella.

After having taken a fmall bark laden with flour,
the boats rowetl to Puna, and came to a grappling
clofc under the land. 'I'he Englifh fcizcd the jiover-
nor of the ifland, and fent a detachment along tiia
(hore, to cut in pieces all the canoes and barks, that
there might not be any alarm given at Guiaquil,
whither the tranfjuirts rowed, and, at eleven at night,
were fo near as to hear one centinel call to another
for fire to be brought. Then perceiving that they
were difcovered, they rowed to the other fide, where
they faw a fire made. I'hey likewifc heard the alarth-
bcll rung, and faw a fire lighted on the hills. Oa
this, the boats came to a grappling, when the officert
had fuch a hot difpute about the propriety uf landing
that night, that they were heard on (hore. It wat
at length aei'ced, that it was beft to (lay till day-light,
as they did not know the ground.

" Accordingly (fays the writer) on Friday the'
22d our forces being all joined, we fent a flag ©("^truce
with the captain of the French (hip, and aitcther
prifoncr to the Corrigidor, who a(kcd him our num-
ber, which the captain magnified. The Corrigidor
fug^eftcd that we Were mere boys, but the '.aptain
replied, he Would find we were men ; for wc IiaJ

fought

IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)

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Photographic

^Sciences

Corporation

23 WiST MAIN STRUT

WEBSTfR.N.Y. MSM

(716) •72-4503

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THE VOYAGES OF

1708 Aiu^ht Mm bravely in ourepcn bont«, and killed one
» » ' or tlic commanifer s brothers, itnd killed and wounded
uthiT!) ; and therefore advifcd liim lo agree for the ran-
fom of the town. On Saturday the pinnace went up
the river after fome vefTeit, and brought fix of them
to anchor by our barki s aitd we alio took pofll-tfion
of two new fhip.t, of about 400 tons each. We then
went afhorc with a flag of truce, and the governor
came on bo.ird to agree for the ranfom of tnc town
and Ihips i but this not being then concluded, he
promilcd to meet the caprnin at (even in the evening,
Dut was not fo good as his word. But on Sunday he
came off a^ain to treat, and our captain would have
fcizcdhim for having forfeited his word ; but hcatledging
that it was incompatible with his coming with a flag
of truce, was fet alhorc again, and all things were
Thcf aittck ">^dc rtady for the attack. — Accordingly, the men
tiauiiuil. landed, and being commanded to proceed, they went
on with fo much bravery, that the Spaniards fired
only their firft volley, and fled, our people preffing,
and purfuing them to their cannon, which they foon
defertcd, the gunner only who was an Irifbman, (land-
ing by them till he was wounded in four places, of
nhich wounds he foon after died. Our men then
marched in a body through the towns, drove out the
enemy, and placmg three guards in three churches,
fet fire to fix houfes adjoiniiijr the wood, left the
ciiemy fhould annoy our guard, which was within
piftol (hot. AH the night they kept firing out of the
woods at our centinels, but did them no harm. In
the mean time the Duchcfs's pinnace, commanded
by Lieutenant Connely, went up the river, landed at
every houfe, took the plate, and what clfe of value
they found, and had fome (kirmifhes with the enemy,
in which one of our men was wounded. In the night
of the 25th one of our centinels (hot another who was
[>ing from his poft, and did not anfwer when chal-

Our
and

rented three times, [this man died on the 29th1. O
firft lieutenant's piftol went o<F by his fid?, ai
wounded him in the leg ; and another o((>ur|mcn v.as alfo

fliot through the foot by one of our own people ; more'
over, our furgeon cut off a man's arm that had been
hurt by one of our grenade (hells, which broke in the
bnrk when fired out of the cohom. The afternoon
W.1S fpcnt in (Lipping oft' provifions from the town,
and difpofing all things, m cafe of an attack in the
night."
TlitSt-.niints •At l»ft 'he town was agreed to be ranCamed for
jprct Ml lan- sO,ooo dollars, and hoftagcs were given for the per-
kiiii liic iu»n. tcrmance of the articles which were in part fulfilled.
While they were thus waiting, Captain Rogers
went on board the French (hip, to carry her to
Puna, thinking to difpofe of her cargo and fome
of the blacks, and to bring down fome pruvinoiis ; hut
he returned again on the sth of May, the Spaniards
having bought none of her cargo : however, they hid
34,000 dollars of the ftipulated Turn, upon which
the governor of Puna was difchargcd, but the three
hoftages were. kept. A boat came with about 3000
dollars in money and plate, and the crew faid that
tlic remaining 3000 would foon be fent, together with
12,000 more for the purpo/e of purchafing uoods.
But conceiving this to be only a ftratagcm dcflgned
to keep them till the men of war arrived from Lima,
ihcy lent their prifunerson (hon^, detaining, however,
the three hoftages, and failed out of the bay, with
all po(lib!e expedition. The B^gihninr gMvy being of
no other ufe wlien they had better vellcls, they fold tier
to the Spaniards for the value of fifty pounds in pearl,
sold chains, &c. On board of her they put the pri-
ioners, but kept pilot* ^nd a man that could fpeak
Englifli, the pttfidcnt of Panama's fon and the hof-
tages.

I'his done, they failed for the Gallapagos, having
too men fick on bawd, and among them Capuin
Courtncv. Having fallen in with tbefe iflands, they
Sfnf on (nore for water, but could find none in any
they fearehed, though Cowley (bund good water
in one of them which probably they milTcd upon
4kis eccafidn. They found, however, a quantity of

Th> iir,|;lilh

turtle, large rock-fifh, «n>l guanoes, tlie latter of
which were oblerved, iti general, to be larger hvit: than
in the Weft Indies.

A council being holden, it was refolved to run into
the illand »i Plata, to water, and fo to come oft" again, J, S,°;f,™
to avoid meeting with two French (hips, one of 60, '
the other of 46 guns, and the Spanilh men of war
which ihcy had icafon to believe were in qucft of
them. A little before this, they lol^ Mr. Hatlcy, who
was in one of the prizcii, having on board Icarcely
any water or proviiions, and being without a boat.
rhcy never heard of him more ; and with him they
loftdvc or fix white men, four blacks, and an Indian.

Afterwards they refolved to fail for Gorgona, and,
on their way, were alarmed with a report of a con*
fpiracy being formed among the prifoners and blacks t
J)ut tnc former proteftcd they knew nothing of the
affair, however, as fome of them faid, that a matter of
the kind had been talked of, though not in earneft, in
order lo prevent or break their combination, they
were difperfcd into different veflels. On the cth of
June the Englifh took a velTel from Panama to Guia-
quil, laden with iron and other merchandife ; on board
of which, amongft other pulTcngcrs of note, was ths
governor of Baldivia. And when they came into the
harbour of Gorgona, the pinnace alfo took a bark of
50 tons called £1 Soldado, which hod on board in
gold chains and money, to^ the value of five or fix
hundred pounds, defigned to purch:ifc for her cargo
fait, brandy, and fome other goods.

While they remained in this harbour, they plun-
dered a fettlcment oppofite to them on the main
where they let moil of their prifoners on (bore, get
fome beeves, hogs, and Indian corn, and procured
certain merchants to purchafe fome of their blacks.
Here they fitted up the veflel called the Marquis,
which carried 20 guns, fix white men, and 16 blacks.
The command of her was now given to Captaiq
Cooke,

By means of the crew of another bark of 70 tons
which they took on the i8th of Auguft, they un-
dcrftood tnat five or fix (hips had been ordered
after them, two of them being Frnnch, of 48 guns i
and ibme Spani(h of the fame fotcr; ari that the
whole coaft was alarmed with the news Of the progrefl
of the Englifh in thofi; parts.

They next came to 'I'acames, and anchored within
the bay on the 24th of Auguft, from whence the
Duchefs's pinnace was fent toget water, but returned
without fuccefs.

The village called Tacame* has only fevcn houfes _ .
and a church. It ftands in a bay about fcven leagues '=•'"''•
to the northward of Cape Francifco. The houfes are
conftrudcd of fplit banibocs, and covered with pal-
metto leaves ; they ftand on pofts, indead of ftairs,
having a piece of timber cut in notches to afccnd by.
l°hc men employ themfelves in killing wild fwine,
with bows and arrows, and ftriking filh with their'
lances, at which they are very dextrous. The wo-
men have only a piece of baizo tied about (heir mid-
dles, and carry their children at their backs. They
are under the authority of the Spanifh priefts, and are
not permitted to trade without licence. A letter of
leave, however, being obtained, the Engtifh went on
fliore to the houfes for cattle, and continued to trade,
and take in wood and water till they were fuflicicntly
fupplied.

" In return for the civility of thefc fathers, fayv
Captain Cooke, I feiii, as a prefent to the church of
Tacamcs, four large images, one of which was of
the Virgin Mary with our Lord and Saviour in .hir
arms : and I believe Captains Rogers and Courtney
alfo gave them fomething to adorn their church.'

They failed from hence on the lift day of Auguft
with the wind at (uuth-wcft, and on The 9th of Sep-
tember made one of the Gallapagos Iftands. Here
they caught a number of turtle, but found no water.
And here alio they faw feveral jars, aind fume of the
rudder of a veflTcl which they would have guefTcd to-
be Captain Hatlcy's velfd tronv whidi they were fe-
6 poratcdf

KTar
dcfc

loff oat

CVPTAIN COOKE.

Ti:>mc».

ttarated, as has been nlrcady mcntioneil, rut that the
rudder fecmcd tou fmall to confirm the fu, imfition.
Setting Tail again on the morning of the isth, they
found the weather cold, owing (as they fuppoled) to
the chilly fouthern winds prevailing in thefe parts
though the fun appeared jull over their heads.

At a general confultation which they held on board
the Oiifec, it was refolved to ftccr to the iflands
Alarias, and from thence to go on .1 cruifc for the
Manilla fliip, which they had heard was worth
a,ooo,oool. llerlina;.

They made the Iflands Tres iMarias on the 4th of
October ; thefe iflands being then at the diftunce of
about 16 leagues. On the 6th they got under the
Ice of them, when a boat was fi-nt on Thorc to pro-
cure water and turtle, but the furf prevented their
getting cither.

«' Before our coming to this place f fays the Cap-
tain) wedifcovcred the white rock which Dampier
faw, and took it for a (hip ; on the fight of which the
Duchefs let go the bark (he had in tow, telling her
to make the bcft of her way to the middle ifland j
under the lee of which both the Duke and Duchefs
came to an anchor on the 7th and 8th, and I might
have been there as foon, had I not feen the bark fix
or fcven leagues to leeward. It was fortunate that I
came in time to relieve her ; otherwife fhc mud have
perifhed, havine neither wood nor water on board,
and not belne able to make againft the wind and cur-
rent, to reach the land. I bore down to her, fup-
plied her wants, and took her in tow, till the 20th
in the mprning, when theiniddle ifland bearing north,
(liftant about (even leagues, we faw a fail coming from
the ifland before the wind, which proved to be the Du-
chefs, that came in fearch of us, and was glad to find
us fafe i (he brought us water and turtle, and told us
there was game enough on the ifland, if we could
bear up to it. Captain Courtney took us in tow, tr
help us in the fooner, having cleaned his (hip's bot-
tom before he fet fail, to come to our alHftance. On
the I ith, I came to an anchor, after much trouble
and fatigue, in plying fo long againft the wind and
current. Seven of Captain Rogers's beft blacks this
day left him, and ran away. We continued till Mon-
day the 24th, when a general council was holden, at
which it was refolved to fail toCapc St. Lucas, to cruife
for the Manilla (hip, all our (hips being now very well
(itted, wooded, watered, and provided with turtle.
Several warm debates happened in council among our
chief officers ; and Captain Dover quitted the Duke
and went on board tlie Duchefs, by his own free
choice. I endeavoured (adds our author) to accom-
modate thefe differences, but to no purpofc, which
gave feveral of us great concern.

Of the iflands above-mentioned and their produc-
Msriu Iflcs tionswehave thefollowingdcfcription : "Theiflands
dcfcribcd. of Tres Marias,abound with animals of various kinds,
and the (hores with fi(h, among thefe the fea and land
turtle may be accounted of inoft ufe to navigators
Of the lea turtle there are various forts | at the green,
which are the fweetcft and bcft ; the hawk's-bill, wh^cli
are very good ; and the logger-head, which the fail-
ors never refule when the others are not to be caught.
The method of taking them is by turning them upon
their backs.

*' The land turtle lives conftantly on (hore, feeds
upon grafs, moves very flow, and when an enemy ap-
proaches, covers itfelf under its (hell, fquatting clufe
to the ground, from which it is not eafily difcernible,
appearing like a bare patrh without verdure. I'he
(hells of^thefe animaU are fo hard, that a man mav
tread upon them without hurting them. Their ficln
is veryeood and nouri(hing. They will live five oj-
fix weeks without food and appear to be never the
worfe. They lay round eggs, about ihc fize of a
hen's, which are very good to cat. Some of the fea-
turtle taken in the bay where thiy anchored had 200
eggs in them. Our men lived almoft wholly upon
turtle, and their egj{f, from the time they went firft
to the Gallapagus, till their dcpaiture tor tli; £aft
Vot. I. N^ 8.

Indies, faving their (liii'-pioufioiu till thvir run acrofi 1710

the South Seas. ''— •<""■

' At thefe iflands our men caught plenty of fifli
called old wives. 'I'hey have very (mail inoutli.-;
large eyes, and a high fin on the bark. 'I'lic colour i>i
the body is a deep blue, the fini of a lighter colour,
tipped with yellow. Otlitr^ are of an ;ifti eoloiii on
the back, and white under the belly. Tin: rock-iilli
we caught in the Iflands of Ties Marias w.iv I.11 u>-,
hail great mottled fins, yellow backs, red billies ami
red and black tails. Another fi(h our nun caii:;lii
was the cavallo, in (ha|ie not much unlike the dolphin,
with a large eye, black back| white belly, and a Uin^
ftrcak from his gills to the middle of hisi tail, and u'a>
about the fize of a mackerel. A fniall fifli we found
there, about fix inches long, was vciy delicious ) the
back was of an Indigo blue, a deep yellow ftreak run-
ning from the gills to the tail, the belly while, and
the tail forked: it fccmed peculiar to tlicfe iflaiuU',
and wants a name."

Of the animals, the racoon was the moft plen^
tiful. It has a large black eye, whifkers, and a note
like a pig, tail and feet like a rat, a browni(h fur on
its back, and a white belly.

Of the venomous creatures the fcorpioli is the
moft noxious, its tail is jointed, with a fmall fting
at the tip i it has two claws like thofc of the lobftcr^
and its head and feet have a near rcfcmbiance to thofe
of the (ame fi(h.

Among the finging birds found in thofe iflands
the cardinal bird was feen in the grcateft abundance.
It is a very beautiful bird, with fcarlct feathers, ind
on his head the male has a tuft of the fame colour.
They arc of the fame kind with thofe we call the
Virginian Nightingale i but the Sp.miards call them
cardinal birds, from their Icarlet featliers.

" Among the vegetables we found the maguey pl.:ii'.,
or filk-grals, of which the Indians make ropes, faiis,
facks, and all their curious netting. It alfuyieldsa liquor
of which they make wine, honey, and a good halfam.
The liquor as it comes from the plant is as fwcct at
fugar i after ftanding it becomes a wine and will in-
toxicate powerfully. It has thick, juicy leaver, not
unlike thofc of the houfc-leck, but grows up to a con-
fiderable height. And when it has flood about fix
years, the Indians cut out the middle leaves, leav-
ing the heart of the plant hollow, which of itfelf fills
with the juice, and is every morning, during the fcafon
taken out and preferved. Of this juice the Spaniards
make fpirits j and it is fo univerfally ufed in one
(hape or other by the Spaniards or Indians in New
Spain, that the duty arifing from it in one year is
faid to have amountc-d to 11 0,000 pieces of eight, at
the port of Angels alone. The prickly tree found on
the(e iflands is eftecmed a great curiofity. I'he trunk
of it is angular, and covered with prickles ; is of a
pale green, and yields a gum which the driiggifts call
euphorbitum, which is faid to be powerful in reniov-
ine p<'>>ns in the head.

T he vcfTcls failed for Cape St. Lucas, on the fecond Tlievfill from
day of OAober at two in the afternoon, fpreadingCapi- St. l.u-
themfelvcs, left the Manilla (hip ihould cfcapc them t 's^-
and on the 21ft, the Marquis (which had been leaky
before) fpning two great leaks and broke the collar of
the forc-ftay, on which the captain wore (hip to fix
the ftay, and then hauled up aftir the other (hips, and
flopped the leaks. Thus they proceeded, having
varied their ftations as they judged tonvenient for
theaccomplilhmiiit of their plan, nothing of ronle-

3uencc occurring till the 1 3th of December, which
ay was marked by a general confultation to enquitc
into the flatc of tlie flock on board the (hips, when
it appeared that only three months meat at (hort al-
lowance, nnJ two months brcail remained on hand.
In this fituation, there being no a|ipvarancc of the
Manilla (hip, though the time when (he was expeAed
elapfi'd, it was agreed to refit the (hips and n ake
the bcft of their way acrofs the Pacinc Ocean, fo
as to infurc their paiTage to Juan Fernandez j ihu Mar-
quis therefore wanting more repairs than any of the
A a tvii.

THE VOYAGES O t

1710 rrfl, wa< oidorrd into harSour, while tlic Duke aiiJ
^^V"^ Duihi-fs wire tocruife a liw d.iy.'> longer,

For this piirpofe, Capuin Cooke linre nw.'v fur
Puerto Si (rum, and on ihc 15th :ii midnight rMtin-ti
the harbcur. The captain prnci-edrd to hiiliticls <ni
the 16th, hit firft onlcrs licing to lici^in ciuifin;; again
as loon ai pofliblr, but thcCe orders were rounter-
manded atterwards, on account of the necitlity there
wa< that biforc tlie ftiips departed from the American
co.ill, they flinidd rendezvouti together.

This place is inhabited by about 20a Indi.ins, liv-
ing in huts made of houghs of ireen und reods, built
like a bowir, with a tire in the middle, round which
they lie and llcep. They all go naked, except that the
wujjien have ftiort petticoats made nf filk and grafs, or
clli' ot i<clicant or doer's (kin. The nH-n aiu llrail
nnd well limbed, live by fiOiing and huntln";, and va-
lue knives, fcilHirs, nails, or iron, bcyoiHl gold and
filver. They have long black hair, and areot adark-
bioun c<>mplcxion. 'I'hc women arc very ordinary,
and employ tliemfelvet in gathering and grindin:' corn,
and in making hlhing-lines. They aie \cry honcll
and very civil. They afHIted in fitting up the (hips,
anil took nutliing aw.'iv, but what was given them.

'I'hcEnglilh, at their firfl coming, got fame peails
among th<.rn, hut never could fee any afterwards.
Signs were made to them to bring gcdd, but they point-
ed up to the mount.tins. They ufed bows and arrows,
and even fume of the boys were fodix-trous withlhum
as to kill birds flying.

On the 22d of December, the Manilla Oiip was
engaged, and taken by the Lnglifh, but the fra.hixT7r
prcvcntin;; Captain Cooke wlio was behind the reft
from coming up to the aflift.-ince of his conforls, he
furvoyid the hulit from the fhore. Captain Rogers
give- t'lt following account of the engagement.

*' At ilav break, we faw the chace upon our wcn-
A Minil'i thcrbow, .ihout a league from us, the Duchefs a-hend
(hill isuktn. of her to leeward, near about half as far. Towards
(ix in the morning, our boat came on hoard, having
ktjit very near the chace all nii;ht, and received no
tlanuge ) but told us the Duchels palled by lur in the
night, and flie Urai two (hot M iiim j but tlirv re-
turned none. We had nowind, but got out ei;rlit of
our oars, and rowed about an hour, when there fprung
up a foiall breeze, I ordered a targe kettle of chocolate
to be made for our (hip's company, having no fpiri-
tuous liquors to give them, then we went to prayers,
and before we li.id concluded, were difturlwd by the
enemy's firing at us. They had barrels hanging at
each yard-arm, that looked like powdcr-harrrls to
deter us from boarding them. About eight o'clock we
beR.in to engage her oy ourfelves, for the Duchcfs
being to leeward, and having little wind, did not
come up. The enemy fired her (tcrn-chace upoD us
(irit, v\hich we returned with our fore-chace (evcral
times till we came nearer, and went clofc en board each
other, then wegavel'everal broad-fidcs, plying our fmall
arms very brilkly, which they returned as thick foi
a while, but did not ply their great guns with the
fame alacrity. After fome lime, we (hot a little a
head of her, lying athwart her hawfe, dole aboard,
and plied her fowarmlv, that (lie (truck her col oars
two-thirdi down. By this time the Duchcfs came up,
and lircd about fix guns, with a volley of fmall (hot,
but the enemy, having lubmitled, made no return.
We lent our pinnace on board and brought the cap-
tain with ttiet officers away, and having eicaniined
them, found there came anotlKr (hip out from Manilla
wiih tlicin, of larger burden, having about 40 brafs
gulls mounted, and as many pataraiocs ; but tiiey told
us they lolbher company about three months ago, and
reckoned (he was got to Acapulco bcture this time,
jSie hilling; belter than this (hip.

" This prize was called by the founding name of
Nolira .Si^niura de la Incariucton Defenginio, Sir
John I'ieberty commander. She had 20 guns, 40
pat iraroc?, and igj men on board, where'f nine were
killed, ten wounded, and fuveral blown u|i with gun-
powder. We eiiga^juii chcm three glades, in which

time we had only myfelf ami another mm wmimlpi.
I was (hot ihr.Migh the left cheek; llic biilht llruik
away 'In- u|i|Hr pait of my upper jaw, and (ruTal
of mv iiith, pan (if which drop|H-d down ii|kiii the
diek, while I tell i .inil the other, an IriOi landman
was (lightly wounded in the hip. 'I'licy did us no
great daiiiage in our rigging, but their (hot dilabled
our mi/zen malK I was fuii-cd to write what I h:Ki to
fnv, to prevent the lofs of blood, and brcaufe of the
pain I fiirtViol hv Ipeiikin!:.

"• Oil the 2 {il of December, after putting oar fliip
to ri(!ht», wc flood in for the haibour, which vi'sdii-
lant alwut ftven lenguOs, to the north-c;ifl. Our
furgeons went on board tlic pii/c, to drefj their
wounded men. About foiir in thv altrrnoon,wec;unc
to nil anchor, and ri-ceivetl the compliments of nil on
boaid the Manpiis, on our fuilden ami Mncxpei^cd
fuccefs, nhicli gave us no fmill I'atisfaAiun. \\'c
found that (hip in good condition, and reatly to (liilj
all tltemcn on board hor were bride nnd eager for ac-
tion. At eight in th« eveniiig, y/n. held a Ptinfulia-
tion on the two great points ; (irft, What 1'ioiild ha
done with the prifimers -nd hofVages ? and nexi, II itv
wc (hould ait with regard to the other Manilla (hip,
which we ihoupht .it leaft there was a great probability
of taking; ? With refpiiSt to the firft, we propofetf (a*
the hofta!,'es from (Juaiiiuit were men of honour, and
as we had g<iod resfon to believe that the Chevalier
I'icberty being brother to the famous M. du Cafs, was
the fame) to make the beff term'; we could with them,
and let iliem at lib<rty. Accordingly, we put apart of
the goods on IkmihI the bark ii to the priie, and tlien
otfet'. .1 the ix'maiiidcr with the bark, to<;cther with
what remained unpaid of tin* ranfom, for 6050 pieces
of eight, and to take ihe clwvalier's bill, payable M
London for the money. 'This ihev accejited, anil
g.avrusaii acknowleJi^mi nt.al thefanie time, that they
tluiu»hi il a ^ood barg.'.in When this was fettled, wre
had nothing moretodo th.'.n to provide for our own
feciiri<y, and to .look after the otlVr galleon.

" I was VI ry defirom of going out with the Du-
chcfs, ad^ls C:ipiain Rogers, to cruize foi her, but there
having Iteen fome reflexions ca(t, on account of tlw
Diichefs's not engaging oui laft prize (o toon as it was
thought (he might have done. Captain Courtney w.i»
abfoliitrly bent on going out with the Marcjiiis } iinO
the ofHcf rs of both (hips voting (or this in council,
my propofal was over-ruled, and we were finceil to
(tay in the harbonr againft our will. It was, however,
agreed that we (hould put ten of our belt hands oft
bnnrd the Dachefs and on Chriftmas-eve (he atiJ tlie
Marquis failed."

Things being thus fettled, on the 25th of Deeeini.
bcr about eight in the morning, beinj twolcngues off
Cape S. Lucas, they fhw a tail, d'.ll.int about k\i.n
leaeues, which they concluded to be the other Ma-
nilla (hip. At this time the Duchcfs was two,-,
leagues to the wedward, ami both gave chace. It was ,1,5 '*i"''*'''j.
twelve o'clock at night before the Duthefs pot along ij^,,.
(iac alid began the engagement. Tl.isveliel fought
her bravely for about four glnlTrs, and then Captaift
Courtney lay by, to fcciire his malfs, and knot his rig.
ging, wiiich were much wounded nnd (battered.
7 bu Marquis could not come up, not being fo good
afaihra. the Diichefs. On Monday, the 26th, as
fofin ;is it was day, (fays Captain Cooke) we faw the
.Spaniard's fla;>, and knew him to be the admiral of
the Vlanilla. At eight \>c perceived the Duke coming
out to us. At two in the afternoon we got along
fide of the enemv ; but the wind (hitting, cculd fetch
no nearer than about half a mufket (hot to leew ard of
her. .She then fired two (hot at us, and we returned
a hroandii and a volley offmalt arms, beginning the
combat with three cheers. .

•' Wh.n wc had fought two glafTi', the Duehrfi
tame up under her ftern, and rakitl her fore and aft,
and then fell a-(Vern again, we (fill continuing hot at
her for five glafi'e;. Then we wear> d, and ftood to
thewellwaid, to fetch nearer up to her, for firing fo
many guns had laid us to leeward. The Ducncft

Wtui

CAPTAIN COOKE.

Tl,tveiip«ce
the oiIki {>*-

S Icmi.

went up, and engaged again very briHtly for half an
hour, and then iTntchcd a-liead of her. We could
perceive many flvit in her Ijctwc-on «ind and water. —
At five wo tacki'd, and raked In-r fore and ;ift with'
our ftartviard brAad-ftdr. Ity tliin time it grew dnrk,
and wctvll a-fVern to Ipeak witii the Uiiriiefs, aiid to
pet more animiinition, we having but thm; rounds of
ftjoffdrmoft of our guns loft. At eight, I went on
board the i)uchcf<:, and found her muchdif.iblcd in her
mafts and ri««(irtc, and hiid fevcn men killed and
wounded. Captain Courtney and 1 ai5reed to be yard-
arm and yanl-arnt with the enemy in tlic morning ;
he to lie on thtbow,' and Ion the i]u;irter) and if he
boarded, I wa> to clkp him aboard, and enter my
men over him. Being fupplicd with more ammuni-
tion, I returned on board the Marquis, both of us
keeping clofe under the Spaniard's quarter, and firing
euno alt night, to annoy the enemy, and to giro the
UuklB notice where wc were. Before day, the Duke
joined us. Thochace, iniftaking him for her confort,
Mtd'made fignaU all night, and edged away to meet
him I otherwifc the Duke could not have come up,
there being but littl* wind, and that contniry. Then
we all thi«: agroed to f.UI ujion the enemy at once, as
fooii M'it; WBi light; but while wc lay athwart her
hawfc, thofe (hot that milled the enemv, flew throu(;h
the Duke's mads and rigging, which obliged the Duke
to change hi> ilation, and to draw up along-fidr, dole
n-board her, where he kept up a Warm itout fire of
UMnd <hot, all other fort proving ine<Ie£lual, bccauie
of the ftrcngth of the (hip's fides, which no other (hot
would penetrate : And as none of the Spaniards ap-
peared in light, but all kept to clofc quarters, it was
in vain to make ufe of fmall arms, except now and
then, when a mqn appeared, to obferve our fituation,
and to keep an eye upon their enfign. •

" In this manner, the Duchcfs lying upon her
bawfi:, tlie Duke along her broad-fidr, 'Snd the Mar-
quis athwart her llern, wc kept pelting her fur four
glatl'js ; in the mean time, the Duke received a fliot
in his main-malf, which much disabled it -, and, in
ihifting, both he and the Duclirfs came clufc back
under the enemy, and had like to have been all on
board her. The Duke, in endeavouring to recovci
his liatiiin, received a fire-ball, which lighting u|>on
his quarter-deck, blew up a cheit of arms and cartouch
boxes, all loaded, and feveral cartridges of powilcr in
the itecmgc, by which means Mr. Vanbrugh our
agent, and two others were very much burnt : The
Duchcfs, going to lafli tlu: enemy, was forced to caft
off, and get clear, for fear of being fet on fire. The
enemy fired at us ail three at once, but ilowly, feUlom
miffing our malls and rigging, and fometimes hulling
us. After lying half an hour along tlie chace's fide,
the Duchefs lay by to ftop her leaks, and to fecUrc
Ixr forcmaA, lieiiig very much difabled, having 2;
men killed aad wounded, ami the rigging much fhat-
tcred. Cafitain Rogers ibine time after, lay by, to fc-
cure his mafts. I'hen I lay athwart the enemy's
hawfe, till I had fired three broad-fides, foine odd
suns, and feveral volleys; then gave another broad'
fide, and fome volleys into her Hern. The Duke
oame up again, and firtd feveral guns ; and both fell
a-ftcrn the citacc, keeping under fail, and Handing to
the weltward. We knotted fome of our rigging, and
Hopped our leaks made with I a pounders. Our
main-maH was difabled alfo ; the fails and rigging
much (hattcred ; but the enemy aiming to difabic my
mails, I had the good fortune to have only my fecond
mate and fome others blown up with the powder.
The (hip was once fet on fire by the enemy's flink-
pots, but we foon put it out. About, eleven, I wore
ihip, and dcfigned to have attacked the enemy again ;
but f -ing the Duke ami Duchcfs lying bv, the one
With a waift in his enfign, and the other with a Spa-
nith jack, (the fignals to fpeak with one another) I
brought to. — Ctiuain Courtney came on board of me,
and we both went on board the Duke; whenswc con-
Iklercd the condition the three (hips were in, the mads
and rii;:ging being much damaged, in a place whciv

We coulJ get nf> rr-cniit : Tli:'tif wo cr.gr^p^d the ch.icc 1710

again we lould |)io]iofe to do no ivni'.- than what we > >— ^

liad alre.i;ly I'dii.', wliirli, it w,\s evi.leiu, did no great
hurt i liciaiife we eoiild p;ieiive that fev/ of mir (h"t
entered her lidis to iiny purpufe ; and our fm:ill anns

ailed lef' , there liriii.; not a m^'ii to h.- fern ahjvc
hoard ; that tlij leall thing in tlie v.orl.i would bring
the Duke's ni.'.ln-ir.a(l, and llkrwile the Dii-.h' C-'s
fore -mail bv llie board ; eitlur of which hv its fall
might carry iway (onic other mall, and to li.wc us a
peilecl hull for the enemy, and notliin^; to command
our (hi]) w ith : That if we went to hoard the enemy,
we (hoiild run a great hn^iinl, in lofin; a great many
men, with little h(i]H"; of fuccefs, they h.ivinp; above
treble the numher on board to oppofe us, and there
Ijcing now in all our three (hipa not above 120 men
fit for boardini; j and thole but weak, having been
very (hort of provifions : So that if wc had boarded
her, and been li'rred off, or left any of our men be-
hind, the cni.mv l.y that menus would have known our
llrcngth, and then gone into the harbour, and took
poli'elliun of the prize in fpitcof all wc could have
done to prevent it. Befules, our ammunition was
very (hort, having only enough to engage a few glaffes
longer. All this btin"; fcriouflyconfidered, and know-
ing the diflicully we mould have to get malls, and the
time and provifions wc mull fpend before wc could
get them htted, we rcfolvcd to forbear attempting her
farther ; fiiice our battering her fignificd little, and we —.
had not ftrcngth enough to board her. Therefore we fi„cc.i m
agreed to keep her company till night, and then to abmu.Ji tlieit-
lofc he-r, and make the beft of out way into the bar- ili-nyn.
hour to fecure the priec we had alrcacly taken. We
had engaged firft and laft about feven hours ; dur-
ing which time they h.id on board the Duke but
eleven wounded men j among whom was the captain,
(or the fecond time, who li.ad part of his heel-hone
(truck out with a fplinter, and all under his ancle cut
above half through with the fame. On board the
Duchcfs, they had eleven killed, and more than that
number wounded j and on board us [the Marquis]
only two men fcorched with gun powder. — Theenc
my s was a brave, lofty, new (hip, named the Vir-
ginia, and this the firft voyage (he had made. Her
burden was 900 tons, and hi r complement of men
450, bcfidcs paffengefs, 150 of wliom were Euro-
jwaii pirates, who having now got all their wealth on
board, were refolved to defend it to the lad. The
gunner, who had a poll at Manilla, was an expert
man, and had provided for her defence with great (kill.
He had filled up all the fpace between the guns with
bales to fecure themen. ^Vcfliatteredherfaihandrig-
ging very much, (hot away her niizzen yard, and killed
two of the men out of the tops, which was all the
damage we could lee done, though we could not have
placed lefs than 500 (hot in her hull.

" Thefe large (hipsare built at Manilla, of excellent
timber that will not fplinter, and their fides arc thicker
and (Irongcr than thofe of fliips of the fiime burden
conftruftcd in Kurope. Had we been together at firil,
and boarded her, perhaps we might have taken her ;
but after her netting and clofe quarters were fixed, (he
valuod us but little. Wc might, indeed, at the ex-
pence of one of our (hips, have burnt her ; but that
was objcded to, not only from a principle of huma-
nity, but becaufc we had goods of great value on
board all our (hips. The enemy ha<l heard at M,i-
nilla that there were two (hips fitted out at Briftol, to
cruife in the South Seas, and th, t Captain Dampier
was their pilot. They had therefore provided for their
defence accordingly. However, to do them jullice,
rhcy fought gallantly, and, had the two (hips been
together, it is more than jirobable that neither of them
would have been taken ; bur, as it happened, had not
our unrcalonabic friuahbks prevented ourfaillnc out
ui(i;ether, the chance would have rather been in c.ur
favour. Yet this misfortune, inftcad of leading to a
lecomillatioii, fervcd only as a foundation for new
dilpuiC}."

Thus

■ limit— jM

THE VOYAGES OF

Thui enJcd llicir fvcontt nlti-mpt with the loft
of fume brave failors, arul to the gicut rcgu-c uf the
tiffictrs, who thought by their I'licccTs to crown their
fortunes i but who now thought of nothing but re-
turning home with what they had iilready sot with all
pnflibic cxpcditiun. Thry were delayed by the nc-
ccflary repairs of their fliii|>s, and taking in wood, water,
tic. till the 7th of January ; after which they were
well enough fatisficd to iind as much bread on board
the prize as joined to their own ftock« would fervc
tlicm on their run to Guam, at Aiort allowance.

" About this time (fays Captain Cooke) a warm
contcll arofc concerning the a|>poinimcfit of a com-
mander of the Manilla Ihip, which wai looked upon
as, a trull of no finall confcqucncc. Captain Dover,
bi'iiig an owner, dcfirod he might command on board
her. Captain Rogers, aiHl feveral officers of the
council coMtemlud, 'I'hat as Capuin Dover was
wholly unacquainted with the navigating part of the
bufinelk, the command (houKI be given to Captain
1'ry or to me ; but as I had already the command
of the Marquis, I declined any further charge, and
voted for Captain Dover ; at the fame time recom-
mending Captain Fry and Captain SttettontoaA under
him, againft which Captain Rogers and his officers
entered their proteft. However, on the 9th of Janu-
ary, in a full council, it was carried againft them,
and voted by a great majority, that the Captains Fry
and Strctton fliould both a^t in equal polt in the fole
navigating the Bachelor frigate (for that was the name
now given to the Manilla prize) and in fighting her,
if occafion fliould Kquire, under Captain Dover, who
at the fame time was retrained from interrupting them
in their bufincfs ; but charged to be careful of what
was in the fliip, and to fee that nothing was aAed on
board contrary to the inrrreft of the owners and cap-
tors. I'lic matter being thus qualified, the nominal
command given to Captain Dover, and the executive
power veiled in the naval officers. Captain Roeers
withdrew his proteft, and tlic council proceeded to
the choice of inferior officers, appointing Alexander
Selkirk, mailer, and Jofcph Smith, chief mate. They
alfo agreed to furnifl) her complement of men by I'e-
Iei5ling 30 from the Duke, 25 from the Duchcfs, and
13 from the Marquis j which, with 36 Lafcarstrken
on board her, formed a tolerable crew of more than
100 mariners. This bufincfs being fully fettletl, and
the Illand of Guam pitched upon as the place of ren-
dezvous in calcof fcparation ; on the loth of January,
we weighed anchor, and run out at midnight. At
twelve the next day. Cape St. Lucas bore north,
dillunt about five leagues. We fleered away forfomc
days fouth-weli by fouth, till we got into the trade
winds, and then our courfe was uniform.
Dcrcrlptlonof " All ihc natives of California (continues our
ilic nati c> of author) that we fuw durin^our (hy at Puerto Scguro,
Cilitunua. ,iij not amount to 300. I'hey had large limbs, were
very flrait and tall, and of a much darker complexioK
tlian anv that we had met with in the South Seas.
Their hair was lofig, lank, and black, and hune
down to tlieir hips. The men were all ftark naked,
but the women had a covering about their waifts,
made of filk grafs, fringed and knotted. All of them
that we law were Ad and wrinkled : perhaps tliey con-
cealed from IIS their maidens, for reafons that need not
be explained. The l.inguagc of the natives was gut-
tural, very harlh and unplcafant. I'hey fecmed to
covet nothing that we had, except axes, faws, and
knives, and even ihofc .they did not fleal. Their
huts were low, and wholly made up of branches of
trees, and Itcnicd rather a kind of temporary covering
than fettled dwellings. While we lay in jwrt, they
fuhfilled chiefly on nfh, and though they made ule
neither of nets nor lines, yet they had a method of
(hiking them with lances, that was very dextrous,
and at which they wire very expert. They were,
b^fides, moll excellent divers, and inftead of canoes,
jnadc ufc of rafts. They were very civil and inof-
fcnfivc, and were ohfcrved to pay great tefpefl to one
among them, whole head was ailoritcd with feathers,

very artificially combintJ, aad whopruli»l>1v wis their
wizard or cunning-muii. Some of them had firing*
of pearls, or parti-colourcd Ihells fo prettily intei-
mixed, that though we had glafs beads and other
flkewy trinkets, yet they paid no fori of allcntion to
them, but prized their own ornaments above every
thing but cutting inflmments. Their arms wcro
bows and arrows, with which their boys couM flioot
flying. I'hey grew very familiar with us while wa
flaid, and came frequently to gasc at the men whila
they cut wood and hlled water, but ne^ct ofTeicd to
aflill in any thing like labour. They get fiiv^ like
other Indians, by rubbing two ftick* together, which
(in that couniryj kittdle -almofl inflantaneouOy."

Departing from this harbour^ the crew were foon
afterwards put to fbort allowance ; but, in the articio
of brct'l, were relieved by the Bachelor, as a larg*
quantity had been found on board tlut vefTcl con-
cealed among Ibme fwcttmeats. On the loth of
March they mailc Saroua, one of the Ladrones Iftandt,
and came in fight of Guam the fame evening. The
next day the vcflels came to an anchor in the port of
Umatta, at the dillance of about a mile from the
koufcSf in 13' 30' north lat. by cftimation. Here
they went in, at firfl, under French and Spaniflt co^
lours. They faw feveral of the iflanders boats ( bat
none would go on board, till being off the anchoring
place, there wiw one fcnt by the Spanifh governor,
dcfiring to know who they were, and what they
wanted there. On this, the interpreter was difpatchcd
with a letter, the purport of which wras, that they
were Britifh fubje^ts, driven thither by neceffity, that
they wifhed to purchafc provifions, Arc. which if they
could obtain in a friendly manner, they would act
with all civility, if not they (hould proceed accord-
ing to the rules of war. A very agreeable anfwer
was fent by Dun Juan Antonio Pimcntat, the Spanifh
governor, and they were furnifhed with maize, rice,
oxen, hogs, poultry, and other necefTaries in plenty,
and at very rcafonable rates.

While they lemaincd there, mutiul civilities pnlTedciriiitici nf
between the governor, the Britifh officers, and thetlicS|>aniarils
gentlemen ot the ifland.— They found the variations Guam,
in thefe parts only half a point to the eaflward,
though in their run acrofs the great South Seas they
had it 12° i " The reafon (fays our author) I take
to be the unevcnnefs [fpb 'r>idal figure] of the globe,
and it* unequal mixture . ; much matter, differing in
itfelf as to the magnetic quality { having large and
ilony mountains, fp.tcious vallies, deep lieas, long-
continued continents, with mighty fcattered rocks of
loadftone, iron mines, and other magnetic fubftanccs."

" The natives of Guam arc of a dark complexion, Defcriniian of
not fvj>lack as the Indians of California ) they are in the nuion.
general, (fays he) the largeftand beft limbed itKii I ever
faw and fome of them hairy and very ftrong. I'he wo-
men are ftrait and tall, and in the neighbourhood of
the Spaniards, go decently cloathed } but in the re-
mote parts of the ifland, they go quite naked. They
are laid to be man-caters, and have no fettled way of
worfliip, but every one pays a kind of adontion to
they know not what. 1 he ifland is plentifully fup-
plicd with cattle, and mieht be made the gaiuen of
the world, if the Span'ards were not as idle as the
lndi.ins ; but as nature fpontancoufly produces fuf-
ficient for fuflcnance, they avail themfclvet but little
of cultivation. Of all the works of art for which the
Indians arc remarkable, the paroas [praws] or boat*,
of this ifland are certaini" the mofl wonderful, as they
exceed in fwift-failing :very other velFel yet feeii
throughout the world. It is faid they will fail Iimm^t
/m/km an hinr, " This is furely an ejcaggcratcd ac-
count s yet the ciptain of the SjMinifh guard faid, he )
would lofe his head if they did not perform it.

They left the Iflnnd of Guam, on the aifl of
March, fleering away weft by fouth, with a moderate
breeze from the north-north-caft. This continued
to waft them along for fome weeks ; but bad weather
overtook them hy the middle of April. The gale was
fo flrong that mull oi their main fbrouds, tiieir flays

Mid

Bit

at I

CAPTAIN C O () K E

[Tiliiici nf
>|i<niarill
uanu

fcripiinn ct
nuion.

and running rnpcs gave way bcfori- it ; and the yard
comin}r by the board, wuundtU tlic tirH lieutenant
ill fuel) a manner that his recovery was doubiriil.
** Mull of our fails (fays Captain C<xike] were alfu
fplit, but being fupplieO willi new flirouJs by Cap-
tain Courtney, I bent new fails, but found the fliip
very leaky. I'lie Ouke and Duclicfs too furt'erud
much by the tenijieltudus weather ; the Bachelor
fplit her fails ) but being othcrwife lloully built
aitd rigged, nothing; but running againll a roik could
hurt her. 1 had no conception of nieclinf; with fuch
buiftcruus weather fo near the line, which proved as
bad as that we encountered in furrouiulnin Cape
Home, with this difference only, that the one was
Bill 'vtither '"'e'l'fi-ly cold, and the other intolerably hot. And
•ttliec'iui- b>;ing now eroded by violent winds [which experi-
njdul liue. cnce has proved, with fudden f>|ualls and alternate
calms, to be common near the line at the equino<itlal
feafouj fomctimes lying by, fumetinics fcudding be-
fore the wind, and unable topurfue our direct couife,
our provilions began to fail. The (hips, hcfides,
were leaky, and our men began to be fickly, with ex-
ccflive labour and hard living.

" A general council, therefore was called, in oriler
to confider what was belt to be donu in our prefent
condition, when it was agiecd to endeavour to make
the idaiid of 1'al.-io, or that of Ternatc ; or il neither
of them could be reached, then to put inio fomc port
of Mindanao. Proceeding thus, on the 2d of May
u'u obferved a circle round the fun, nud were appre-
hcnfive of more bad weather. In the ni;;lu wc p.illcd
by Tnlao, without feeing; it j and Captain Uampier,
'ifho h.id been twice in thefe feas b^lore, gave out,
that if wc could not reach Ternato, It would be impof-
fibk' for us to get rcfreflimcnt on the coait of New
Cjuinca, which proved true; yet it was with the
greated difficulty that the men could lie prevailed on
to fubiiiit to fhort allowance. On Monday, having had
tcm[Kftuous Weather, wc perceived that a llrong cur-
rent had driven us to thceullAard, and toour adoniih-
nient wc found the land in fight to be Cape Noba, a
promontory at the call end of Gilolo, bctring fouth-
fouth-ead, didancc 15 leagues. Perceiving now :liat
wo could not get to the ifuind of Ternate, nor to that
of Mindanao, we refolved to make the boll of our
way through the ftreights of Uilolo ; but notwith-
ilanding all our efforts, wc continued failing amongft
a duller of iflaiuls (mod of them uninhabited, but all
capable of prmlucing fpices) during the whole month
of May, without being able to avail ourfelves of any
of their rcfrrdiments. On the 20th of May, we
came in fight of the ifland of Ceram, as we then
thought, but afterwards found it to be the ifland of
Ij'juro.

On the 2sth we came in fight of a low ifland right a-
hcad of us, and about noon,ohfervcdan opening, which
when we came near wc found to be a pafllige between
two little iflands that almod joined. They were very
full of green trees ; and by the fca-fide wc beheld
many groves of cocoa-nut, plantain, and other fruit-
trees, which exhibited a very pleafant appearance.
In a capacious bay wc likewit'e took notice of a little
town, and faw feveral of the inhabitants pading and
repalling along the fl]ore. We fcnt in our boats, for
provilions amrpilots, and the Duke and myfelf turneil
up towards the village ; but on founding, found no
ground. The natives informed us that there was a
bank oppafitc to the land mark, where we might an-
chor. Abundance of people came ofF with Indian
wheat, cocoa-nuts, v.-ims, potatoes, poultry, and
feveral beautiful birds, which they exchanged for
knives, fcilTats, and other toys, being very civil, and,
to all appearance, honed. I'liey arc Mahometans ;
of a middle dature, and tawny, but the women are
fairer than the men, havin:; long, black hair, their
mouths, lips, and nof^s, remarkably fmall. The
women were decently covered, but the men, in gene-
ral, were naked. Tiir iflands were named Canhava and
Wandiut. But thefc nut anfwrringour purpofe, we
agreed to deer fur Uonlou, where wc auivcd on Mon-
VvL. 1. N-g.

day the ir)lh of M.iy, and the firiicdjy Ciptain D.im- 1710

pier, Mr. Connelly, and Mr. Vanbrugh, wvnt with a >~-v —
prefent to the king ol Itontoii ) at the lame tnne le-
(|uediiig him to fupply us with piuvilions and to
lend Us a pilot to cairy us to liatavia.

" On the jcth a paroii (or praw | citiric from ti'.i: MiMiro.n.
king with one of his nubles on bu;.ril, iiid a pilot to
eariyus into harbour. He puton anairol iiiipurtanei',
and afkcd, How we diirll come to an aiKJior there,
without leave from the great king of Donion ? Mow -
ever, he biouirht each commander a pi-ee of his
country eluih, a bottle ol arrack, lunie nn' in biflcets
as a prefent from the king i as alio a letter liuni the
officers we had lint on Ihure, giving an account, that
they had been well receiveil, and tliat the town where
the king lefided was lar(;>-, w.illed, foitified, and dc-
iended alter the Lui(ijh..iu iiiiniur, with a 1. umber of
hL'avy cannon. Another pn ' 1 w.is relurnul, and five
guns tired by eveiy Ihip ;it the iirII^ iiv.< i's f"J"'o "d*
at which he fecmcd veiy well plealid. Our proplc
trafficked with the natives for poultry, mai/.e, poiii-
pions, papas, lemonf, (iuinea-eorn, dc. ami gave
them in exeliange, knives, (cillarSjoM tlotli, and old
nails. The people were civil, but our ollic;.TS mak-
ing a longer day than they intended, we began to fuf-
pect that the Moors had detained them, as they arc
very treacherous. However, we heaid fioin them
every day ; and at length the Duchcls's pinnace cnmu
down with Lieutenant Connelly, who told us they
had purchafed four lall of rice, which cod 600 dollar!^,
and that Mr. Vanbru,;h was tletained for the payment
of the money. 'I'hc next nioiiiiiig it came, and was
equally didributcd among the I'o.ir diips, fume great
men coming to deliver it, and receive the money. —
The town of Uontoii is viiy populviu=, and by it runs
a fine river, but it is barred fo that Ihips of burden
cannot approach it. About 50 iflands are tributors to
this king who gives audience in a chair of date covered
with fcarlet cloth, and is always attended by a guard
of nine men, armed after the Kuropean manner, with
mufquets and fcyniitars. He has befides four or five
Haves, who fit at his fctt, and are ready whenever hu
commands to do the mod fervilc officcj. Tlic petty
princes and great men fit on liis left hand, and the
ilrangers dand before him."

Having fupplicd themfelves with all th.it the town
afTorded, and the officers that had been to wait 011
the king, being retained, the Englilh weighed anchor,
and as no pilot was to be had there fct fail without
one, at four in the afternoon. " Captain Dampier
(fays our author) pretended to be acquainted with the
palfage, and mentions the fame in his buok, hut now
he rcmcmbered nothing of it but the dory. On the
Qth we came in fight of Solayo, lying clofe to the
ifland of Celebes, and inhabited by Malayans, who
arc tributaries to the Dutch. Between the ifland of
Solayo and the fouth end of thefe are three finall low
iflands, and the bed paflage is between that which lies
next to Sulayo and a little one lying to the north-
ward of it. It is very dangerous going to the fouth-
ward of Solayo, the Dutch never daring to attempt
it." They made prize of a country veli'el on the-
16th and brought her mader on board the Duchefs.
He was a Malayan, who came lad from Bonton ; and,
for a good reward, undertook to pilot them to Batavia,
on condition that they Hiould keep the matter a fecici.
from the Dutch. 'I'hcfe conditions were agreed to ;
and the vellcls pad'ed through the dreights of ^lalucca,
and then deercd to the wcdward, the pilot's boat at-
tending them till they palled the lail dreight, and
then bore away for Macaflar. They came to an an-
chor in Batavia Road, on I'ucfday th; 20tli of June
1710, according to the Englifli reckoning, but by
the Dutch account it was VVcdnefday the 2 id of June.
As foon as the veiTels dropped their anchors, the
Duchefs fired 13 guns, but the falutc was not returned
till the next morning, when the commander fl-qt an
apology bv his buat, and fired gun for gun with every
fliip. — Alterwaids the commander went on fliorc, and,
havine waited on the Shcbandcr, wat introduced to
Bb the

THE VOYAGES OF

It'

171 1 the covcriior, \v1io received them with a great deal of
» , ^ civility, ;in<l having examined their cummiffiont, and
enquired iihoiit the lurccfs of the voyage, though, not
being king's (liips, they would nut admit of their
heaving down at Orereft, yet gave them leave to ca-
reen at the Ifland of Herni at no great diHancc, and
nifo allowed of their hiring fome Malayan caulk-
ers in order to be employed in the bufinefs of flopping
their leaks.

** As the Marquis was in the word condition,
(favs Captain Cooke) (he was ordered to belaid down
hrlt ) but upon examination, ftic was judged unfit to
proceed upon the voyage ; and therefore wu unladen
and put up to fale. Wv then hove down the Duke
and Duchefs, and found their Iheathing much worm-
eaten ) but othcrwifc not much damaged ; the Baehe-
Jor wanted no repairs but in her rigging. The wea-
ther was extremely hot during our ft;\y at this city :
many of our men and officers fell flclc j and I was
among the number. The mafler of the Duke, the
gunner of the Duchefs, and feveral of the common
men, fell a facrificc to this unfriendly climate. One
Read, a young man belonging to the Duchefs, ven-
turing to fwim, had both his legs fnapped off* by a
Ihark, which at the (ccend bite, before we cciuld
get him on board, cut him in two in the middle, and
put an end tohismifcry. During our flay, though
wc had the run of the markets, we found it very dif-
ficult to procure proviflons, to lay in a flock to (crvc
us till we fhould arrive at the Cape of Good Hope,
and therefore were obliged to purchafc live cattle,
and to kill and pickle them ourfvlves. All manner
of traffic, except for provifions, was prohibited with
the natives or inhabitants of the city, upon the fe-
vered penalties, to avoid every occafion of difpute
with the Eaft-India companies of both nations : and
having fettled all our aftairs in a very amicable man-
nir, new rigged our fhips, and difpofcd of the men
belonging to the Marquis among the other (hips, wc
began on the 15th of December to prepare for failing,
when I was appointed I'ccond captain in the Duchd's,
and Mr. Ballot, mailer ; Captain Pojw, (irfl lieu-
tenant of the Duke, and Mr. Selkirk, mafter i Cap-
tain Dampier Iccond captain in the Bachelor, and
Mr. Knolman, mailer On the 20th of September
we repaired on board, but before we were ready to
iiiil, it was the 14th of October ; when, about fix in
the morning we weighiil nnchor ; but in the afternoon
the fea-breeze overtook us, and we weie forced to re-
turn.

" On tire 19th we made fail with a frefli breeze,
and at two in the afternoon, came to Java Head,
when two Englilh gentlemen came off to us to de-
mand the relcafc of a man that had concealed himfelf
unknown to the officers, on board the Bachelor, and
who was given up without oppoCtion. In the mean
time, while the gentlemen were in convcrfation with
the officers, a party from the (hip went off to buy
fowls, for v.hicn they gave in exchange knives, toys,
and other triflCs, which the natives valued more than
money. On the 23d the gentlemen took their leave ;
and the party that went on to truck for fowls having
reported that there were buffaloes to be had for (hoot-
ing, another party was fent off to bring fome on
board, but tney returned without fuccefs. They
tame in fight of whole herds, but fo exceedingly wild,
tliat it was impoffible to come within mufleet (hot of
them. One of the party, who had ventured to fol-
low them into the woods, was furprifed by a tyger,
that was within an hundred yards of him before he
thought proper to make his retreat ; and he was pur-
fuc'd hy the creature fo clofcly, that had he not reached
the water, he mud have been devoured. His com-
panions fired more than twenty (hot at the tygcr be-
fore he went off, and which he did at laft forely
wounded."

From hence they made fail on the 26th, ftecrine for

Thcv anivc at th* Cape of Good Hope, and arriving there in fafcty,

the Cape. came to an anchor in 'Cable Bay, and the officers going

on (hore were well received by the Dutch, While

the Engli(h (layed at the Cape, itiiir time wn« ctn^
|>li>Yed in raking in wood and water, and refitting their
vcrfels. And here the captains wrote their owners .-in
account of their voyage, and cxprcffed their inten-
tion of leturning home in company with the Dutcb
fleet, which arrived, to tlw numlier of 12 foil, on the
22d of February.

Mr. Vniibrugh, the owner's agent, and Mr. Ap-
pleby, with fome others, died hrroi many werciicklyy
and all impatient tu fct fail for England, which how-
ever, they were not able to do till the fnonthof April.
Then the whole fleet, confifting of 25 fiiil of Ene-
lilh and Dutch tefTils tcft the Cape, aad (leered (vr
S. Helena, where thcV arrived on the 3d of Augull.
'I'hedefcription of this iflaad by our voyager, it like
that of many others who purfucd the fame track, and
were douhtlefs well enough plealcd at having fuch a
port to touch at to relieve the Tick, and breathe a
while from their toils. The captain owna, however,

that the refidencc in a place fo loaely in the middle
of a vail ocean, remote from all communication witK
the world, has rather the appearance of living in
exile than in a laud of freedom." Were fome ot'
thofe who have written in fuch a romantic manner of
the beauties of ibis ille to rcfide oh it a twelvemonth*
inflead of remaining iliere only a few days to refreflt
themfclvcs, it is probable they would give its ano-
ther ibrt of defcripiion of a place, of which may bo
truly afTcrted what the Romans once faid of Britain,
" 'I'hat it is entirely drvided from the red of the ha-
bitable world."

The fleet left Santa Helena on the fird of May,
and made the ifland of Afccnfion on the 7th of the
I'.imc month. On the 27th tw* Dutch faiiors dying,
WHO committed to the ocean. About this time, all
the flag-diips (truck their flngs ; and the admiral
hoided a broad pcnd.-iiit. This was done, that if iU»
enemy fhould conic in fight, they might be taken for
a fqu.idriin of Dutch men of war.

i'hus they proceeded, without any thing remark-
able happening, except a mutiny, for which two
Dutchmen who were the ring-leaders were whipped
and put in irons ; and the Bachelor's pinnace having
her back broken on the 26th of June by the fliip
running fuul of her ; but all on board were Cived.—
The fleet failed on till they came into 60° of north la-
titude, " where (fays our author) we had no night,
but cold, driz7.Ting weather, yet nothing to compare
to the cold in the fame latitude fouth, in going round
Cape Home, for there the cold was (o intenfe, that
many of our men fickciicd ; yet wc were here and at
Cape Home much .ihuiit the fame time, allowing for
the difference of the climates.

" (111 till; 14th (continues he) we came in (ight of
Bcra, and fpoke with a Danifh (nip bound to Dublin,
which informed us that the war dill continued, and
that he had fpuken a day or two before, with a fqua-
dron of Dutch men of war, and three viAualiers,
lying off the ifland tn wait for us j fo that by keep-
ing between that and Fair Ifland, wc could not pol-
fibfy mifs of feeing them. The next day we came in
fight of them ; when all the fleet falutea the commo-
dore, and he made the fienal for all the commanders to
come on board of him for failing orders. The Cap-
tains Courtney and Dover went accoMingly, and were
well received, and given to underdand that they might
he fupplied with what provifions they dood in need
of, on payi.ig for the fame, having, he faid, brought
vi£luals from Holland for the purpole. We lay off
Shetland fome days, and caught ling and cod in ibund-
dance ; during which time the Shetlandcrs came r<fl%
to us; and brought fowls and (heep, which we pur-'
chafed at a much cheaper rate than of our Dutch
vifluallcrs.

'* At length our (hip's company grew fickly, hav-
ing been more than three months in our paffagc from
the Cape to this place, and we were bcfides very pcev-
i(h and quarellbmc among ourHlves ; now we came
nearhomc, jcaloufies arofe about ember. 7.lements. The
•igcnts had been to the Duke, to demand the gold-,

plate.

CLIPPERTON AND SHEI. VOCK!.

plate, pearl, ami jeweU on bnnnl ) and they returned
not very well fatisficd with tlieir reception. But,
while tlicfe diTputcs were at their height, order* Were
given to fet luil. In the mean timC| letter!) were
(tifpatched to London and Amilerdam, acquainting
our owners with our progref!!, and prefent Atuation,
and deflring their inftruitions, to regulate our future
proceedings,' — In confequence of thefe difpatches,
the writer lays, '• A general letter was received from
our owners, dated Briftol, June 6, 1710, in which
they acquainted us, 'I'hat the Kaft India Company
was incenlcd againlt u>, and had appointed a lecrut
committee to infpeA their charter, as to privileges ;
and that they were refolvcd to take all advantages,
in cafe of the lead infringement of what they pre-
tended to be their exclufive right of trading to the
£aft Indies. I'his letter likewife recommended the
greati'ft caution, on our part, with regard to the
Dutch Eaft Indi^ Company ) or elfc from that as well
as from our own, they had rcafon to fear all poflible
obftruAion. It was, therefore, moft ftrifily enjoined.
That neither officer nor failor fliould, on any pretence
whatfoever, be fullered to take any goods on (hore, nor
Were we to allow any ftranger to come on board to
purchafe the leaft trifle, for that if any fuch thing
Ihould be proved, the whole cargo would be forfeited.
It was a creat relief to us, when, on the 5th of Auguft,
Mr. HolTidge, one of our principal owners, came on
board us ; for though we kept the (IriAeft watch, it
was hardly poflible to prevent the failors from run-
ning things afliore in the night. On this gentleman's
arrival, it was judged neceflary to draw up a ftiort

(l>

accniiMt of our voyajic from the journ;ils of the rc-
ipcitivc comnianilcrs i to v. Iiiih iill tin; ofliciisand
moll of the ftaniiii v<iliint:<rily fwoic and (tt their
hands." It was not till the ^oth of September that
the EnElilb failed from the 'I'excl, uiiikr convoy nf
the Eliex, Canterbiiiy, Malv.ay, and DulliJgc, niiJ
iinriiorcd in the Downs, on the ad of Ottober, 171 1.
Ihc produce of ihe cargo and tieafurc in tito lh\\i Mas
fuppolcd to amount to near 400,000!. and alter law-
I'uits and every oilier kind of trouble and exjKiicf,
170,0001. clear remained.

Mr. Hatlry wliom they had loft with his little crew
near the Gallapagns illand was fuppol'ul with ihim
to have pcrilhed, but it fell out otherwife ; they m:i('a
direAly for the main, and coming to Cape Pafl'ao
they furremlercd themlclvcs to the enemy. The per-
fons to whom they fubmittcd were not European
Spainiards, and had no ideas of the laws of nation.)
(laws which thouu;h originating in peace, are ftill
preferved by civilifed |)eople amidlt the horrors of war).
'I'hefe half Chriftians whipped their prifoner!i,and with
their tortures would probably have ended their lives (
but that the Snanifh pried interfering, rcfcued them,
and thus ended their lufFerings. Mr. Hatley being
afterwards carried to a Spaniui feltlcmcnt was civilly
treated, and was fet fet at liberty as foon as peace was
proclaimed between the two nations.—

Such was the end of this expedition, which, though
greater matters might have been expe<£ted, yet all
things conAdered, it muft be confcfled that the com-
manders did whatever lay in their power to promote
tlie buftnefs, and to benefit their country.

1711

THE VOYAGES OF THE CAPTAINS CLIPPERTON AND SHELVOCK.

THE voyageof the Captains Rogers, Courtney, and
Cooke, which we nave juft related, though not
crowned with all the fuccefs which they at one time
expe£led, was yet fo advantageous to thofe concerned
in it, that it revived the fpirit of privateering, and
gave rife to the undertaking which we arc about to
treat, and for which the perfons concerned took oc-
cafion from a war fubfifting between the emperor and
Spain, to apply to the Imperial court for a commif-
fion to countenance an expedition, which they meant
to fit out againft the Spaniards, who were not at
that time in aAual war with England.

The perfon who was (irft thought on to command
the veflels prepared for this purpofe, was Captain
George Shelvock, who had been thirty years in the
royal navy, wherein he had arrived at the rank of firft
lieutenant. He was politic in his manners, and ap-
pearance, was of a winning addrcfs, but not infenfible
of hit own merit. It is probable if he had been
finally intrufted with the command, as at firft intend-
ed, the voyage might have proved a fortunate one i
but icveral concurring circumftances intervened to
alter the difBofition of it, and in confequence the
main intantion of thofe concerned was defeated, as
will be feen in the fequcl.

The captain received orders to repair to Oflcnd,
with the Speedwell, and there, as foon as the com-
mifBon was obtained, to take on board the proper
compliment of Flemings, which were to give colour
to the expedition, and then to join the Succefs, which
lay in the Downs, under the command of Captain
Mitcbel. The names of the (hips were alfo to be
changed { the Succefs was to be called the Prince
Eueene, and the Speedwell the Starenberg.

Captain Shelvock had orders to lay in fuch a
quantity of fpirituous liquors as he ihould judge fuf-
hcient for the ufe of both Ibips. In the fiillilfing of
their commilGon it leems, however, that the captain
did not aA intircly to tW fatisf^lion of the owners.

who thought the voyasc alrciidy too long delayed. t'/'Q*
And when the FIcmim foldiers arrived, they were
found fo infolent, that it was judged proper to return
the imperial coinmiflion, and to proceed without
them.

The plan of the voyage being thus .ilccred the
owners next determined to lay afiJe the dcfign of con-
ftituting Captain Shelvock the commander in chief.
By this time war with Spain was declared, and as tS.y
conceived no other accumplifhment neceflary thai '<:.'(:
of knowing the buflnefs whereon he was to nccmp.^v
cd, and having an acquaintance with the wcftern coai;
of America, they caft their eyes upon Captain Clip-
perton (orClippington), To this man, a rough, blunt
failor, known to fome of the owners, and recom-
mended by other merchants, they refolvcd to intruft
the condufi of the expedition. Captain Shelvock,
however, was continued captain of the Speedwell,
Captain Mitchel was appointed fecond in command
to Captain Clipperton, and Mr. Hatley fecond Cap-
tain to the fuperfeded commander.

Unanimity was ftrongly reconimcndc<l in their in-
ftruflions, tnoiigh the very bafis of it fecmcd to be
removed by this proceeding, and diflcnlions arofc be-
tween them before they quitted England. The veflels,
however, (after waiting three months for fair wea-
ther at Plymouth) fet fail on the 13th of February, Clipperton
Captain Clipperton's ftiip, callcil the Succefs, carried""''^'"'""''
36 guns and 180 men, and the Speedwell, Captain , J/ ™"^
Shelvock's veflcl carried 24 cuns and 106 men. The
latter of thefe Ihips had on board the whole ftock of
liquors, whilft her confort h.-id almoll all the other
ftores neceflary .'or the voyage. Frcfli gales, fqualls,
and rain, accompanied them after they left the Chan-
nel. And on the 19th a ftorm began which obliged
both the ve/Tels to take in their top-fails. Cajitain
Shelvock, it feems, had fpokcn with Clipperton, and
defired him to take fome of the liquor on board, that
he might ftrikc down fome of the guns into his hold,

which

♦»

THE V () Y A CJ F. S O K

I7><)

Cinary Iflci

which he r.iiJ wouUI enable him to fail better, lint
tins his ilclirc wai nut attended tn. On the 20th »
li^'Miil was niadu for the Spc'cdwcll lu btinj; to, which
WM obeyed, and the vvllils were under their bare
Arifc|>ar<uJ. poles by about eleven at night. On the iOth, how-
ever, in the afternoon, thc~ llorm abalin);, tha (hi|is
iinaeciiuntably fepvated, Clippcrton, when he mail.;
fail, (leering S. by V,. and Shclvoeic N. \V. By thi-.
Ilran^c management, which each comni.uuler aftei-
wardi laid to tlic charge of the other, Clippcrton was
hit to proceed on his voyage without lii|Ui>rs and
without his cwnl'ort. 'I'hus lituale, he rcfolved to
iteer fur the Canaries, the place of rendezvous agreed
on bctu'ciii them, and having taken in wine at Uo-
niera and cruiled about ten Jays near the iflands, he
dcparteil fur thofc of Cape Verd, and anchored on the
2ill at Si. Vincent.

I'he Canaries, of which wc have fo often fpokcn, arc
fuppolinl to have been denominated the Fortunate
Iflands, by the ancients, on account of their fertility.
They are eight in number, and the largeft of them,
called CJreat Canary, is far diiUnt from the others.
It contains 9000 inhabitants, and is the feat of the
bilhop, the council royal, and the inquifition. 'I'here
is n mountain on the I'tnerilV called the Hike of Te-
ncritF, tllccmcti to be one of the liiiiheik in the world.
It IS reckoned three days journey to the top of it, which
is generally covered with fnow. The in<nd of Fer-
ro IS one of the larger ifles ) but there is no water to
bt found on it, except in tew places, by thcfea-fide ;
10 fupply this want, however, in fome meafurc, there
is a Ibrt of tree in almolt all parts of the ifland, which
is prelly large, is full of leaves that arc always green,
and covered with a little cloud that wets the leaves with
ilsdew,lo that a finedewdrops from it into little pails,
wherein it is caught by the inhabitants, and is fufficienc
ill quantitv to water the cattle as well as fupply the
peoi>ie. iMiefe irtands were called Canaries, or Dog-
lllands, by the Spaniards, who on firft difcovcring
them, in 1+02, found no other creatures upon the
land. They abound with wine, which is tranfported
into all parts of the world.

Clipperton cruifed ten days likewifc about the
Cape Verd IHands, but feeing no probability of meet-
ing with his confort, he departed : And it was after-
>vards with difficulty that he prevailed on his men to
continue on the voyage to the Streights without the
affillanceof fpirituous liquors to comfort them in their
courfe. — Thcfc iflands arc generally fuppofed to be de-
nominated from the Green Cape of Africa, which is
tippofite to them ; others think they were called the
Green Iflands, on account of the furrounding fea
being covered l"o thick with a green herb, that the wa-
ter can ftarcelv be fecn j and it recjuiresa flrong wind
to carry a vellcl thiough it. This weed produces a
berry, fomtwhat like white goofeberries, whence it
tomes is uii.iccoiiiitable ; it cannot arifc from the
bottom, as the lia is there unfathomable, and the
nei"hbuurini; lands viiKls no fuch produrtion.

'if'hcy left'St. Viiicijit's on the firft of April, and
bv the 2gih of May found thcmfclvcs in 52" 15' of
foutli latitude, bein^ then oft" Cape Virgin in the
north point of tiu: cntiance of the Maghcllanic
llreights, into whicii they failed the next day, atid fent
their pinnate alhore on the main to get frcfh water
from a river whicli was then frozen up. Here they
faw flocks of geeic and ducks, but all appeared very
Qw. The furgeoii's male having been left on fliorc by
accident for one night, was brought on board the next
morning alnioft dead with cold. Anchoring at Qiieen
Llizabetir, Ifland, they found plenty of fmallaje, an
htrb which greatly relieved thofe who were afflidled
kVjjili the fturvy. They found alfo plenty of wild
"fowl and fifli, and having filled their calks with wa-
t'ir, they held on their courfe.

They afterwards came into a fine bay, to which
tlisy gave the name of No Bottom, on account of the
depth of the water there. The trees on the ftorc
were hii;li, and their boughs were loaded with fnow,
which fuimcd but a difiiial profpedt. While they

Cape Venl

lay here a canoe came off m ilii-m, in,«ii- fi.iir In.
iluns oil board, who werr ui a iin.ldle Kaluie, iheii
foreheiuli wcie low, iheir fues lunad :>nd j.iuiid,
their hair lank and Ihurt. They 11:, J uuuihei elu.ilh-
ing but a piuco of Ikin about iIkii wjiits, round
which they had likcwile a circle ol a bii<ht a/.uii;
hue. I'hey wiie veiy jealDUs ut their Iciiialei ) nor
could they uc picvaih.l upuii, on any atcuuiii, tn lul-
fer a woman who wan among iIkiii m cuiiic on bo.iid.
I'he c.iplain gave them l<<mcl)le.i.l and cheeli.', and allv
offered them a di.im of brandy, thoui^ii the laiur was
then lb le.irce aiiKin^ll the Kaj^liili. I'hey dtvuiiiid
the biead and cheele, but would nut talie the braiidv.
I hey had liows .ind ariiisys, and luiiie lilhiiij; tMckle :
they ftayed two huitis, and 011 iheir deparluic made
fignalsol their deiigii lu return. The pinnace being
lent on fluire the next day, came back miiIi the In-
dian canoe in the evening, laden wiili niulcU'>, whicli
the natives h.id given them in exchange fui briad,
knives and to)s. I'hey apiK-aied to Clip|Krloii'«
men to be a harnilels people, and oiieul his crew thiU
hatl been left on fhorc lived aniiing thcni two nights
and a day, and met with very kind treatment.

In the mean time the Ihip's company giew ficklv,
and one or other of them gencr.illy died every day.
About the beginning of July the wvalhei was rattier
moderate; on the 8lh of this munth Utcy buried their
mafter-gunner, and caufed a llroitg plank to be dri-
ven at the head of his grave, whereon was this in-
fcription, " Mr, William Pridham, gunner of tl»o
Succefs, deceafed July 7, 1719, in this Strcight,
and was buried here." — Captain Michell, and Lieu-
tenant Davidfon went in the pinnace to Teriau.'.
Fuego, on the 20th, to make difcovery of the paf-
fage that a French Tartan is laid to have gone thro'
into the South Sea in May, 171 ;, and to try if thc<e
were any anchoring beyond Cape Qiiad. They re-
turned on the 20th, having found the palTagi', hut lu
narrow that it was deemed hazardous to go that way.
They however fouitd fcvcral good bays to tlw north-
weft of Cape Quad, to anchor in.

They proceeded on their voyage on the firft of Au-
guft, meeting with the ul'u.il dangers and difficulties
on their palTage,and, arriving on the 18th in the Soulli
Seas, ftecrcd diretlly for Juan Fernandez, in older tu
rcfrefti themfelves. They came to this ifland on the
7th of September, where ihcy fcarchcd in vain ID
find fome tokens of the Speedwell. Afier having
cruifed for a month in thefc parts, Captain Clipper-
ton preparing for his departure, caufed the following
infcripti<m to he cut on a tree fronting the landing;
place, '• Captain John W. Magcc, 1719." Magec
was a furgeon on board the Succefs, and well known
10 Captain Shclvock and his company. 'I'he reafon
of making choice of his'namc, was in order to blind
the Spaniards in cafe they (hould read the infcription.
All means were ufed here for the recovery of thcfick,
who were fet on ftiore for this purpofc, but a drjcflioii
prevailed, owing to the reflcxitn of having no cor-
dial to revive their drooping fpirits. They fouixi
the weather at this time changeable, and much rain
fell while they ftayed near the ifland. 'I'hey took
abundance of goats, fo as to fervc them for future
ftorc, as well as for prcfent life ; and they faltc<l a great
number with fait which they found ready made on the
ifland. They wooded and watered here, and cleared
their fliip, Clipperton, hy this time apprehending
that he fliould be obliged to proceed on his cruilu
alone. As to the Speedwell, he declared it was his
opinion that Ihe was loft.

Before they took their departure from hence, fotir
of the Ihip's crcwbcteok themfelves to the mountains,
with a view of renmining upon the ifland, but tn-u
of them were made priloners by the goaf-hunters,
who before they fiirrendcrcd, were obliged to fire at
them feveral times.

They prepared for failing on the 7th, previous to

which Captain Mitchell went on (horr, and erected a

crofs, at tlie foot of which he buried a bottle, con-

aining a letter addrclTed to Captain i>helvock, dircft-

<» in^

Strttti
Spanij
uin.

His vtl
Igft.

CLlPPE RTON AND SHE LVOCfi.

Ing him to inothfr place of rcinlrzvou*, andnppoitit-
lim a proper ritual whereby thvy iniKhc know each
other ill calc thi y (houM meet ;il kjt. The lummandir
then weighed anchur, and failed northwardt' till he
got into the parallel of Lima, where he intended to
»i\, though he had loft 30 of hit men, and fomc un-
cafinefTct hjd already broken out among the crew in
Kgard to plunder. They look a fmall vcd'el on the
a5lh of Octuber, which proved to be a fnow of 40
torn, laden with fand and ruhbifli for manure, liuving
on board fcvcn Indiana and two negros. In this
bark they found nothing worth taking except two jars
of eggi, as much treacle, and two nieces of cieht. The
next day they met with a (hip called the St. Vincent,
of 150 tons, with two friars, 161 Indian** iind four
negros on board. She was laden with wood from
Gui.iquil. Another prize they took on the 30th day
of the fame month, was a laree fliip, called the Tri-
nity, of 400 tons, which had been taken by Captain
Rogers, ten years before, when Uuiaquil WM plun-
dered by that adventurer. Her cargo was valuable,
and ftie had a great many paflcngers on board. On
the ad of November they took a fourth prize, which
was a veflel of 70 tons, having on board thecountcfs
of Laguna, and fcveral other paiTengers. Theylikc-
wife tound a great deal of money, and two jars of
wine and brandy. The captain gave the countcfs
her choice of ftaying in the prize, or coming on board
tlie Succefs. Shechofethc former, and an officer was
fent with orders to fuft'cr none but her own domcftics
to enter her cabin.

Captain Clipperton was now much weakened by
the detachments he had made to take care of his prizes.
Yet he was (till bent on making more. Difcovcring
a pink of 200 tons, on the 12th he bore up to her,
and the vclTel (truck to him. Lieutenant Scrjeantfoii
was then fent on board with eight men to take pof-
fcffion of her. He immedi.itely ordered all thofc whom
he faw into the crcat cabin, and polled a centincl at the
door. After this, thinking all things fecurr, he went
*"■•*??'"'"' 'down with fomc of his men into the (hip's hold, to
bptnilh c«p- gxaminc her lading, when a concealed party fell upon
the captors, knocked down him and his party, and
ordered than to be bound. In the mean time thofe in
the cabin had fecured the centincl ; and thus the (hip
was recovered, owing to the art(ul management of
the captain, who gucding that his opponent could
not fend any great number of men on board him to
take polTedion, had ordered i a of his paiTengers, under
theconduA of a French boatfwain, to conceal them-
felvcs in the hold, and then to ru(h out, on a certain
fignal, and fecurc the Englilh, which (Iratagem fuc-
ceedcd, as we have fecn according to tlie common cx-
pefhition.

But as Toon as the Spaniards had thus retaken the
(hip, they made for the (horcwith fomuch haltc and
fo little caution, that they ran their own veflll upon
tlie rocks, where (he was loft ; but when the captain
perceived the danger, he ordered all his Eiiglifti pri-
ibners to be unbuuiul, ami every man favcd hiinfelf
upon the rocks. They were however fecured on
ihorc, and fent to to the viceroy of Lima.

As foon as Clipperton knew that he had loft his
prize and his men likcwifc, he determined to releafc
his Spani(h prifoners, by which means there would
neceflariiy be a favingof his pruviflons, as well as a
chance for his people to be butter treated, when the
enemy knew that their countrymen had not been ill
ufed when in his power. In his way to the ifland of
La Plata, he took another prite of 200 tons, having
on board 30 Spaniards, and 40 negros. This vcflcl
was called the Cayetan, and moft of the Spaniards
were paflcngers. By this time the captain knew that
the coaft was alarmed, and underftood that two men
of war, one of 50, and the other of 30 guns, had
been (itted out to cruife for him. As (or the goods
on board, he had good reafon to believe they would
fetch no price in Europe, and in thofe parts where he
now was, he did not fee any likelihood of their being
ranfomed. On this account, he concluded, a thought

Vol. L N« 9.

uin.

His velTel is
itll.

which ha ' incc fiim;efted iti'cif to C.'p' liti Roj;:r', of l7?o
feiidiliy i\ cargoc of iliclc j;iioJs to Hi.ilil ; lor tin' ' v '
purpolc he made Mr. Mildull roiiiiiundi.r I'f the
pri/.vbaik whtriin the couiilil'. of I.lgiina li id been
taken, niouiiiiiij' liir tight j;uiis, and rp.it.ii; ij
Engliflimcn iinJ ten lu'^ri"-, ac(.oniiiioil.itin ; liiiu
with provifions and ncciflarii-., and imtiin:; on hoard
a cargoc of Kuroneaii coiiinu'diiit . v.iluij ..t i?,"Col.
ifpatrhlii^ him for the Hr.ililuii kmI). Alitr iMs
he preliiUed his other prizes to the l>p.iiiiili pnlorui-.,
taking out of them fuch things a> he tlioii^hl proper,
only detaining the captain ol one of them, to li'tvo
him .is a pilot.

Thus dirnicumhered, Capt.olii Clipprrioii now prr-
pared to rrliirn 10 cruile in his fonnii l*.itioii. A*
they were thus IidMiiig on tlicir tourfe, oji die 4th of
December they fell ill Willi, and tt>«k u iMik ealliJ
the Rofary. — Having taken what they pUalcJ
out of her, tlicy let her go, ^iker thoy h.id cut lier
main-malt by the board, in order to prevent her ov(i-
fctting. On the Jjih, they looked into (iii.iiiata
Bay, and finding two (hi|)s at anchor tin re, find .1 (hot
at each, but they made no return ) whereupon, lending
their boats on board, they found the people had quitted
them, leaving nothing but fome bread and a lew jar»
of water behind them. After this the Englilh hung
out a flag of truce, and fired two guns at intervals oF
half an nour. They were anfwered from the (liorc,
but nobody appearing to treat about the ranfuin of the
vcfl'els, they let them en fire, and departed for the
Gallapagos illands, intending to remain there till the
alarm occafioned by their progrcfs (hould liibfide.
Accordingly they put their defij^n in execution, and
arrived at tlie Duke of York's lilaiul under the Equi-
noclial Line, where they cleaned their (liips, and
found water, in which latter circunilK.ncc, as wc
have already related. Captain Rogers had heendif.ip-
pointed. On the 21ft of January they took a veli'cl
called the Prince Eugene, bound tor Lima, and having
the Marquis de Villo Roche on board, which ftruck on ]^v,,!; "'1^".'
their firing the firft gun. A prieft, who was on board Ij\^.n_'' '^' ^
the prize, having got leave to go on (horc at the ifland
of V'elas, on his promifc of perfuading the inhabi-
tants to traffic with them for I'ome cattle ; he returned
on the l6th with a herd of black cattle, lome fowls,
and fruit, which he brought as a prcfent to the Mar-
quis J but he faid the governor would not permit the
inhabitants to trade with Captain Clippei ton's peo-
ple. He added, that C.iptain Mitchell had been there,
and had got fome cattle, but 200 men beiiiggot toge-
ther, had forced him to retreat. 'I'he very next day
it appeared by fome intercepted letters that the Mar-
quis was tampering with the people on (horc to fei/.c
the (hip's boat when it next came for water. On this
account that nobleman was confined for fome time,
but on the 20th he w.is fuftcrcd to goon Ihorc with his
lady, their only child remaining as an ho(\a2e fur dicir
return.

Accordingly, they came on board on the 14th of
April, and the governor with them, when Clipper-
ton having agreed with them about their ranfom, the
lady and the child were fet on (horc, the marquis re-
maining as an hoftaije for the performance of the articles,
which were never fultilled. They failed to Amapalla
on the 20th, with an intent fo w.Tter there, but be-
ing difappointed, repaired to the Id e of Tv;;cr«, and
afterwards on the gth of June to Gorgona, for the
fame purpofe. On the 24th they took, the feconj
time, the St. Vincent, which w.»s now commanded by
Don Clement de Aiulrada, and was laden with tim-
ber and cocoa-nuts ; and on the nth of Auguft they
anchored at the ifland of Lobos de Mar with their
prize. Here they fet up tents on the (horc, r.nd
cleared their vcllll, and here the crew, who had al-
ready begun to murmur, appeared much difcontcnted.
Thev blamed their captain for proceeding on his un-
dertaking without his confort ; they arraigned his
condiidl with r':jaid to the marcjuis, from whom they
firmly believed neither he nor they would ever re-
ceive any .idvantagc, and at length (omc of the male-
C c contents.

'J*
t:2t

THE VOYAOFS OF

rotiKnt", ^IhIii}; flirred up by one J.imrt Rofli, ihr
ll)in'> i»r|iui<>li turu<cJ a plot lor lii<iii|> ClipprtiiM
.iiitl liiN ulHii ', .iimI running aw.iy with tin. (hip i
" lh.it il thiy iiiulk rtill go lhr(>U(',h tnun h.iiilfliip>,"
it mull Ik', ,i> Kuih lUiil, lor their own bcnrlit lutlici
ih.iii lor ih.it ul tiic people. Hut the plot king ilil-
KHirnl, Iwocil thtiii Wire fi'verily puniftirti, ;inJ thi'
rill pjidonid ('II piuniile itC lutuie aincndniiiit.

Till y look ;\ lilhing liual, with a brgc au.intity ol
('.ill liDi on the I7lh ; on ho.inl ol this vill'd they put
{8 Sp.uiilh pi I onus, ami (ml them awuy. Hut they
i<'un>l till' St. Vincent, whieli W.AS left at anchor un-
der the ide ol' I.iihos, iliiven on Ihorr and funk.
On the tiill of Noveniln-r they entered the b.iy of
Conception, uherc li:uiiig milled of a pri7c by her
out-failing them, they went for Coquiinbo, and in
their way, took a fliip laden with cloth, fucar, .ind
(uliacco. Uut they had no I'lKiner come in full fi^ht
of the haibour, than thev were perceived by three
men of war, wliirh were lying there with their top-
faili lool'e, which immcdiateTy cut their cables, and
m.«le altiT tliem. The Succefj and the pri/.c imme-
diately hauled their wind, and bore away, the former
rCeaped by gomi failing, though narrowly puifued by
ih'.' two Spanifh (hip^, but the latter fell into the
h;inds «f the cnimy. Thin were taken in her, Mr.
Jnnio Milne, Clip)x:rloii's third lieutenant, and la
men. Don Uias de Leflb, who was governor of Car-
thagcna, when attacked by Ailmiral Vernon, was
tile captain who took the pri/.e, which he imagined to
have been the privateer. He w.is (o much enraged at
this dirappoliiiment, that ill the heat of hi> anger he
(Iruek Air. Milne on the head with the flat of his
("word i hut afterwards recolleifling the impropriety
of his beiijt iour, fent for his prilbner, and was lo
ceneiousas to a(k his pardon fur the affront, and find-
iiij; him dripped by the foldiers, ordered him a new
fuit of cloaths. 'When at Lima he procured his li-
berty, and paid for his pafl'age to Panama, where he
ni.ide him a prelc'nt of ajar of wine, .ind .mother of
brandy, and after giving him zco pieces of eight fent
him home to his own country. Such .tn inirancc of
generofity in an exafperated enemy, dclerves to be
had in honourable remembrance. — Kut to return to
Capt.iin Clipperton. He and his puiple were much
difpirited with this lofs, and ilicir ill humours were
kept alive by continued dangers and difappointment.
They attacked a (hip on the i6th, which bore away
from them after having fired a few i;uns, which was
a happy circuniftance, as this was a (hip of force, and
wliieh was intended to cruil'e for Captain Shelvockj
but knowing this not to be the veflel which he was in
quefl of, and not being acquainted with her (Irength,
the Captain, whofe name was Fitzgerald, did not think
proper to continue the cngagcinent. Being in want
of pre. ilioiis they continued cruifing to the north ;
bui .IS ihey met with little fuccefs, they relblved to go
once iv.uie to the Gallapagos iflands for refrefhmcnt,
after h.ivin;; fct on (horc the remainder of their Spa-
nifh piifi'mis.

While Clippcrton's people were indulging their
ill humours, the captain himfelf fell into a practice
too coniiiion uith people who know not well how to
be.'.r up agaiiilt misfortune". He gave himfelf up to
di inking in fuch a manner, that at length he was
fcarctly ever fcen fober, or free from the bad cITeiSs of
this ill cuurfe, which, at this time, he lb imprudently
adopted. It was on the 4th of Ueccmbcr that they
perceived tliemfelvcs near the iflands which they were
in qu.lt of; but through fome unaccountable niiflake
or ill contrivance, they could neither find frc(h water
nor an anchoring place. On account of this difap-
pointment they failed for the ifle of Cocoas, fo often
mentioned in our accounts, with the gteateft expe-
dition. They came in fight of it on the 17th, and all
that couM be fpared went on (hore, on the 18th, when
a fort of bark was built for the entertainment of the
(ick, at the fame time that Clipperton did all he could
for the recovery and encouragement of the men. They
prepared for failing on the 27th of January, but when

the men were niiilhiiA tlirri! F.iii(I.llrn<<n anJ ••i(',Ii*
iii^ni'- wrie milling i an I il .•ppcu.cil ttiat they ilhittf
10 lein.iin on that iinfort vin.iic itl ind.

Auuiiij^ on the coatt of .Vjexicn, ClipiHfton'J
prople difcuvrred a fail, to which their pinn.ice ^.ive
I hate, and the vtfli."l imniciliately ((ruck. .Sir ptuv -'I
to be the Jefu-Maria, which mw\ then eomiii 'mini by
Captain JiheKoek 1 and the report they rectivtd \vj«,
" I ill! lie h.iil no more than 10 men alive) lh.it he
had loti the .Sjicedwfll at Juan rVrn.iMde/, Hhrre thev
hid built a lurk out ul the wieik, that lliry Ii.kI
I'oalted along Chili and Peru, till they came to Pitci»
near Lima, vihirc they took this prite ; that thev
had no regular command among them i that thry li:iil
chofen a aiiarter-maltrr by a niajotify of vole> \ and
that they had quite broken their articles with their
owners, and hud (h.ired all among themlrlvcs. Cap-
tain Slielvock came on board on the 'i/ih ) the boat
brought Captain Dod, who was faid to have been ill
ufed on account of hi> attachment to the owners i
fix chclts of pitch and dammer with two barrels of
tar, and fix flabs of copper were fent on board by
Captain Shelvock, to whom Clipperton fpared 24
quarter-deck guns, fome great (hot, a compifs ami
other nccelTaries. His people likcwifc houi;hl cloaths,
(hoes, hats, kc. and here Hcndric and I)od deferred
Captain Shelvock, intending never more to full with
their commander. It was defigncd to attempt the
Manilla (hip before (he entered Acapulco. Thisde-
teimination was made In the burying of March :
on the 13th they again met Captain Shelvock, when,
according to Clipperton's account, that gentleman
rejcfled a propolal he made of burying all former
mifcarri.iges in oblivion, and acting together for the
benefit of the owners } whereupon the Succefs pro-
ceeded without him, and It being refolvrd to return
home by way of the £a(l Indies, the vefTel failed im-
mediately for Guam.

After a run of 53 days they re.uhed that ifland,an(l
anchored off Umatta, on the 13th of May. The pin-
nace being (ent with a flag of truce to the governor,
in order to obtain provifionsi a quantity of chocolate
cakes, cattle, bread, fiigar, greens, itc. were lent
them, with a favourable anfwer, and the governor'*
health was drank by the whole (hips compiny. But
the Marquis de Ville Roche having agreed about his
ranfom, going on (hore acconiniinied with the M\
lieutenant and do>^or, a foundation was laid for a
difpute which was near proving fatal to Clipperton
and all his crew. For after the £ngli(h had taken in
wood, water, and provlfions, in exchange for which
they furnifhed the governor with arms and ammuni-
tion, the latter fent them a letter, on the 1 5th, wherein he
demanded the relloration of thcMarqiiis'sjrwels, fome
confecrated plate, and two negros that were Chrif-
tians. At the fame time hedcfired a certificate under
the captain's hand, that peace was proclaimed. Clip-
pcrton's anfwer was That from the people on board
the laft prize taken on the coaft of Chili, he had
heard that England and Spain were at peace -, but he
afTiircd the governor if he cfid not fend the ranfom, and
return MelTrs. Goilfrey and Pretty whom he li.id de-
tained on (hore, within 24 hours, the Englifh would
burn the (hip in the harbour, deflroy all the houfes on
the (hore, and do whatever damage they could among
the iflands. Inftead of complying witn his demands,
the governor caufed a battery to be erefted, from Tlic Rue ctf« ii
whence the Spaniards fired at the pinnace. As to the r"">''''\ '""*'"
(hip, (he ran aground between the (ire from the battery " "«*'»•
and that from the velTel in the harbour. In endeavour-
ing to get her off, (he went foul of the rocks. Thus
they lay cxpofed to the fury of the enemy, whilft their
captain was fo much in liquor that the officers were
obliged to chufe Mr. Cook, prt Itmparr, to the com-
mand in this exigency. In the mean time they had
their (irft lieutenant, Mr. Davidlbn, killed, and three
men wounded ; and it was not without great difficulty
that, having lightened their (hip, they towed her ojt
with the pinnace, and, juft as they got her afloat, the
enemy firing at her from their battery, raked them
6 thfou^

' IcU at tiMiu.

id
lid

)n
'S

!»»

[m Til' Suc«r» c>

.. rou^liU liand-

. I '-•■

in'

ir-
|us
•ir
:rc

lad

Irce

I in

CMPPERTON AKD SHE LVOCK

«l

thraogh between vsinJ ami watir, killnl <mc mnn aiiJ
wouuucd l^^u olIicTi. At li.ii{',th tiny got Ikt i<>
flit, hut III n nun)(li'(J I'MiiJition, ami wiiit oil' on llic
lOlh willi tlic lull ul bulh llii'ir liow iiuliort uiul
cablet, the Hern aiul kcdije iinchiiis, four h.i«(<rs,
(bur of their luwir deck guns, iinil 19 b»rtil> ul
jMivder. They hud rcniiiiiinl a mark fur the enemy
near 50 huiirt, and had the vclUI lU't gul clear Ufiire
Illuming, It \\:\s tliouulit (ha mult have funk oiit-
liglil. When they had done all in thrir power to ic-
pair their djiiiakv they were ubligid tu depart, and
leave Mr. Gudliey and Mr. I'reltv behind tliiiii,
Clinperion havin)' lull hit failhlelk Marquit, together
with all hopcinrhis ranfitni.

Having paflld the Ualhee Iflct on the 20lh of June,
they came on th»- ll* of July to fome other illands
not laid down In the chart* i but nut beina able to
learn their way to Macao, nor 10 get a piFot, they
failed to Amoy, which lus in the piuviiicu of 'I'on-

Jiuin, where they anchuicd on ilic 8ih, and were pre-
ently boarded by ten cuUom-houfe ofliccri, who de-
manded what the lliip was, and what was their bufi-
nefi ill thofc parts. 'I'hey were aiifwered^ That the
ihip belonged to the Linn of i'leat Britain, and that
flic put in there in urd-.r tu obtain pidvifions and ne-
ccflarici. 'I'hu next day there was a mutiiiv among
the crew, who demanded immeJiately to uiurc tiic
prize-money, Mr. Cook claiming ;)o (hares to him-
Iflf as full lieutenant, he having lueceeded Mr. Da-
vidfon in that pull. The men went on lliure at
will, and refufcdlo work till ihcy h.id thtir money,
which (thofc on (horc takin;j their part) Clippcrtun
was at lalt obliged to grant tlum.

_.. ..,. I'hc diltiibution being made on the 16th of Scp-

tlim mi« teniber it amounteil to 419 dollar< tur each loiemalt
msncy. man, no rel'urvc U'ing made tur thule wlio had the

misfortune to be taken prifoncrs, for the rcprefinta-
tivcf. of thole that were dead, nor for the two gentle-
men who had fcrvcd on board tlie Speedwell.

The (hare of the owners, in ready money, wrought
plate, gold, and jewels, nmoiiming to 7C00I. ftcrling,
L'lippcrton (hipiK'd on buard the Qtieeii of Angels, a
Portugueic veflel, commanded by l)on Francifco Ic
Vero I but (he was burnt at Rio Janeiro, on the 6th
of June 1727.. And out ot the eite£)s, the falvage
being dcUuifled, no mure than 1800I. remained.

HaviiiK left Amoy, where they paid no left than
1700 doWai* for port charges, they held on their
courfc to Macao, where he found the Portugucfe cap-
tain who had undertaken to carry what belonged to
the owners to Brafil. Here the crew met with an
oppofition i for this captain declared in favour of their
commander. Uii this, Captain Cook and another
o(Bccr went to confult one of the principal proprie-
tors what meafurc* were proper to be taken for
briiiglng home the (hip. After his return, (he was
furvcycd and condemned ; but being fold for 4000
dollars, Clipperton, who did not think it wasdange-
Tous to make a voyage in her, agreed with thofc who
bought her, furhispali'age in her toUat.ivia. The Suc-
ccfs s crew now (hifted each for himfelf. As to Cap-
tain Mitclu'll and his crew, they were now pretty
well convinced that thcfo were killed, or taken, or
loft at (ea. Twenty of Captain Clipiicrton's men
intending to go in a Chinefe velTel to Canton, were
taken by pirates : Mr. I'aylur, the chief mate, and
fnme others, got fafc to Ciuiton in an armed boat,
from whence they cot a paflagc home, and arrived
fafc in London in May, 17.2. Captain Clipperton
came to Uatavia in the Succcfs, and got his palTage
home in a Dutch Ea(i-Indiaman. He arrived at
Galwav in Ireland, in the beginning of July, 1722,
but broken with toils ana difappointments, died in
about a week after his arrival.
CtpLiin Slid- C.iptain Slielvock having written a very particular
Toc's'i voyage, ^^j circumftantial account of his voyage we (ball for
the moll pnrt deliver the relation in his own words,
omitting only fuch palTagcs as arc immaterial, and
fueh occurrences as have been already noticed. The
reader has been informed of the feparation of the two

pi.,
CI

commandti», \shi. h C.'pt.iiii Shilvoik fays was un-
aNoidable. lie .id'K, that ll>c men weie fu teiiilied )>/
the lloim, that had not Iik olliii'i< appeared aniKJ,
ihi-y would have (u/.<d iIk' lliip and n-luiind to Kng-
Uiid. And the veiy luxi ev^nini' adir tlii» niniiny
was quelled, he la) k Mr. Ilathy, hi^ feeoiid e i|it uii
was neai throwing .ill in toiifnlinn a^aiii, tilliif' him
on deck, that he had private orilir» Irom one of the
o.vners, and from Captain Clip|>irt<in, to t.ike the
tliarge of the fliip upon himlelfi hut hein^ .ifkMl,
" Vvhelhtr lie ha I a |iiiv.>tccuinniiflioii too," anluir-
id only in teiins uf 1 piuach. Captain Shtlvuek thus
proceeds ill his acinmil :

" VVc haJ :i very tedious voyage to our fiift plato
uf lendezvoiH, the Canary Ill.inils, and did not ar-
live there till M.irih 17, when havini] (iniflied our
erulfe without any thing remarkalilc happfnint', ex-
cept taking an opt n boat with fait and wine, and having
heard nulhiiig uf the Sueiefvj un Maieh the ii^th wc
touk our departure from the idand ufl'erro, 111 hopes
of meeting with Captain Clippcrtun ainoiig the illaiid*
of Cape Verd ; and we touk our pi'^e along with u .

1-1)1

■ ape
But in our paflagc, my [K-ople lu^an again to mur-
mur ; and one Turner St»'Vtn», my gunner, vtry
gravely made a propol'al 10 me in the hearing of all
llie other officers, that we fliould gu cruifin;; in the
Red Sea, " For (fiid he) there can bo no harm in rob-
bing thofc Mahometans) but as for the poor Spaniards
(continued lie) they are good Chrillians ami it would
douhtlefs be a (in to iiijuie them." Upon this 1 order-
ed him under conhnenieiit, and the man, afterwards
having threatened in a very outrageous manner to
blow up the (hip, 1, at his own ie(|uell, difcharged
liim as foon as \vc arrived, together with my chief
male, who had likewife been guilty of many and
great mifdemeanors.

On the 14th of April wc made the ifle of Afay,
and running along (hore, \vc faw a wreck, which wc
were told w.ts the Vanzittcin Indiamaii, Captain
Hide, that three weeks before had been caft away.
1 endeavoured to avail myfelf of this accident to fup-
ply the neceflTarics wc Hood in need of, but could
procure nothing but two or three (heathing bo.-irds.
At this place I fold our prize for 150 dollars to the
governor, and we filled all our water cafks, and gave
our (hip a very good heel. Six of my people having
deferted, I applied in vain to the ofK'-er on (horc to
deliver them up to me ; but threatening the mnfler
of a Portugucfe (hip to make rcprifals, he hiought
mc two of them that happened to be the Iwll. They fell
on their knees, and aflccd pardon, afliiriiig mc the
governor on (horc had feduccd them, his dcngn bi-ing
to fend the bark I fold him on Vanzittcrn's wrcek,
where he faid they might all make their fortunes ; lo
I loft the other four. Finding I could neither hear
of the Succeft, nor get what might be fervice.ibic iii
this place i and having read in Frczier's voyage, that
in the illand of St. Catherine on the coaft of Brafil,
in lat. 27" 30' fouth every thing might be had that wc
Hood in need of, 1 concluded it would be bcft for me
to put in there. On the 20th of April, we failed from
the Illand of May, having wrenched the drum head
of our capllan in weighing anchor, which took U4
up the remainder of the day to repair. Wc were 5$
days in going to St. Catherine's, during which littlt;
remarkable happened, except that on the 5th of June
we faw a (hip Hemming with us, and fpokc with hrr.
I ordered the (ivc-oared boat out, and fcnt Captain
Hatley in her, to enquire after news, .md gave him
money to buy tobticco [this was among the ar-
ticles of which the Succcfs had got the whole on board
her, as the Speedwell had all the flri'ng liquors. How-
ever, Mr. Hatley faid he could get no tobacco, nml
laid out thi^ money in china ware and fwcetmcats, and
other tilings, to the difpleafure of Captain Shelvock].
On Friday, June 19, wc made the Ifl.ind of St. Ca-
therine, and at ten the next morning anchored in ten
fathom water j the Ifland of Gall bearing E. N. E.
diftant two leagues, and the eafternmoft point of Sr.
Catherine £. by S. diftant four leagues. The firft

thini*

THE VOYAGES O

1721 thine I did was to fcnJ the carpenter on <hnrc, with
^•V^^ all the people that could be ufcful to him iii felling
of trees, and I'awing them into planks, and to order
the cooper and his crew to trim the cafk.-!, and fill
them with water. Ti. ^fc who remained on board I
employed in difPcrcnt fervices. Mean while the in-
habitants came off to us every day with the produiSt
of the place, which wc purchalcd with fait.
He mtits with On the 2d of July we were alajf'mcd at break ofday,
a viiTcl >t lc«, hy the appearance of a large flrip at anchor, four or
five miles below the place where we lay. I lent an
officer in the launch, welT manned and armed, to fee
what he could make of her, and put my (hip into the
bed pofture of defence I couUI. About noon my
Ltunch returned, and bror.ght word that this fliip Was
the Ruby, formerly an E«gli(h man of war, and now
one of M. Martinet's fquadron ; that (he came from
the South Seas, and was commanded by M. la Jon-
^uiere ; that he, his officers, and (earner., to the num-
ber of 420 were all French, and though in the Span-
i(h fervicc, they had not the Icaft dcfien to moled
us. My lieutenant became thus piiniSluany infurmedV
by a dirc£l breach of orders, in going aboard, and his
temerity might have coft me very dear ; for, had they
been enemies, I (hould have loft 23 of my beft hands ;.
but their return confirmed the truth of his (tory^ yet
it was a great misfortune, that I had not, to' the bc(t
of my knowledge, one man of experience or capacity
fufficient to enable him to perform the common duty
of an officer. The next day the Ruby turned up to-
wards us, and the captain lent one of his Picutcnants
and a prieft, to afTurc me of his friendfhip, and to
defire I would dine with him, which I did, and met
with a very handfome reception, with offers of what
money I would have on my bills on London, or in
general, any thing clfe his (hip nflbrdcd. He infbrmcd
me that the Spaniards in the South Seas had advice
of our two (hip<i, and that they talked of fitting out
fomc men of war to receive us.

About this time there was a report fpread that TFat-
Icy had taken a bribe of the maftcr of the Portugucfe
wc met on the 5th of June, or had robbed him of
80 or 100 moidorcs, had given ten to his cockfwain,
and fix to each of his boat's crew, not to divulge it.
I charged him with what had been faid againll him :
his aniwer was, He had done nothing he was a(hamed
of, or that he tould not juftify. All I could do, was to
proteft againft h'ti, and I gave the protcft to.Captain
Clippcrton in the South Seas. On the 6th of July,
M. la Jonquiere, accompanied by fcvcral of his of-
ficers and paflcngcrs, cimc to dine with me ; but in
the midft of our entertainment, my boatfwain took it
into his head to create a difturbance, bccaufe he had
not been invited into the c.tbin as a gueft. He fir((
afTaulted Mr. Betagh, the captain of marines, .ind
then Mr. Adams the furgeon. This outrage, which
was fupporttd by a party he h.id furmcd, being by the
help of my officers and French gentlemen, pretty
well quieted, M. la Jonquiere declared, that if they
perfiftcd in their difobkdicncc, ht would fee the ring-
leaders punifhed by carrying them home in irons ; and
as they crew a little quieter, he cxpoftulated with
them, and appealed to themfclves, whether thcv did
not think it monftrous for people to behave themfclves
in fuch a manner. The next morning I was informed
that the authors of the diflurbancc were moftof them
forry for what had happened the night before, attri
butmg it to having too much liquor. I was glad to
hear this, and therefore palled it all over, with only
threatening how 1 would manage them if ever they
were guilty of the like again. I had rcfolved to pu-
ni(h the hoatfwain in the fcvcreft mnnncr ; but I was
prevailed on not to do it, he, in very humble plight,
afking my pardon, and begging I would»not ufe any
fcvcrity touards him. He faid it was drink that had
made nirn mad, and withal defircd I would give him
leave to go home in the French (hip. This I wil-
lingly agreed to, he being a very odd fort of a fellow,
and always inccnfing the people againft the number of
officers, whom he termed bleodfuckcrs.

July 15, wcfawagreat fliip plying into the hat*'
hour's mouth ; but when (he difcovcred Us, (he made
tj:e beft of her way out again. This poflcfll-d M. Ix
Joni^uicic with a notion of her bcirtg our confort, and
put him in a hurry to be gone. Accordingly, when
the night c«me on, he weighed, and put to fca thr
next nioriiing, and, at his departure falutcd me with
five guns. 7'hfee Frenchmen belonging to me went
away with him, but I had two Frenchmen and one
Morphew an Irifhman'T in Iteu' of them : durin" all'
this time our carpenter went on but (lowly in the
wood's i a^id, at laft, when wc Ciimc to cafe the fterii
all over with thick plank, we could not iind (to my
aftonifhment) any nails for that ufc. I was now tolif
that the (irl( carpenter and hrs crew, had fold molt of
the (lores before the (hip. came tof Plymouth, whiclt
was before I comiYianded her.

On the 25lh of Julvctinw: in a (Hip called The
Wife' Solomon of St. Alaloes, of 40 guns, and about
160' mert; commanded by M. Dumam (Jirard, anif
bound to rhe coaft of Chili and Peru, to trade. She
WHS the (lime (hip wc faw before, and had fjKikc- witlr
the Ruby at fea. This gtntleman [M. Dumaiit
G'irardJ I foon pcrccivcdy notwithfhinding a little
forced civility at his firfl arrival, wm a defigning mer-
cenary man, andfVillof all the deceit and vanity af-
cribed to his nation. Dcfiring him to ^arc me fome
nails, he readily anfwered he wrould', but at the famn
time, gave me to undcrftand that he could not afforJ
them lor lefs than 30 dollars a hundnxfy which fum
I was forced to give him : I Klccwife bought of hint
6<. --hcefes, and 300 weight of Butter; fo that ft was
well for me that I had fome money from one of the
Ruby-'s people. This done, I now thought of making,
a quick ilifpatch from this pLicc, when there came »
letter from my fhip's company to me, witharriclcs an-
nexed to it for the immediate diviflon of prize-money
which they faid they were refolvcd to' infifl on, al-
ledging, that they knew by woeful experience how
they wcrpufcd on bo.ird the Duke and Duchcfs ; that
they were never paid more than half their due, anit
that they had been well informed what a paymallcr, a
certain gmntlcman' would make, if ever their fortunes
fhoiild Tall into his hands. They were fo very im-
portunate whh me to comply With their articles, that
both myfelf andall my chief officers thought it wouli
be beft and mofl^ advifeable to fign their papers with,
tliem, rather than run the rifaue when they fhould
get out to fc.i, of their proceeding to ads of piracy.
As foon as they had gained their point they exprcfled
great fatisfaiflion, .nnd promifi:d to be ahvayn ready tn
hazard their lives in any undertaking that I (houltt
think conducive to the ends which we were fitted out
for. On the 3d of Auguft came in thrSt. Krancifctr
Xavier, a Portugucfe man of war, of 40 gans, and
300 men from Lifbon, bound to Macao in China,
commanded by C»ptain La Riviere, a Frenchman.
I made no doubt but thatCaptain Hatley's affair woulti
he reported to this gentleman ; and therefore I tolrf
Hatley th.it I expcttcd he would go and vindicate him-
felf to the I'ortuguefe captain, to prevent any dif-
turbanccs that mignt arife on his account. To which
he readily replied he would. Hatley, at his return,
told me that thcc.iptain fecmcd to be angry with him
for thinking he could harbour any ill tliought of a
gentleman bound on a voyage which, to his know-
ledge c'luld hardly fail of cnfiiring the largeft cx-
pciStations.—— Three of my men dcfcrtcd on the
third of Auguft, and the mate and his party
went up to the Portugucfe plantations in feareh of
them. It being almoft midnight, the inh.thitants were
alarmed, and planted thcmfelvos in ambufcadr, in
order to deftrov them as they came back. No fooiicr
had thcv returned into the boat than they heard them
rufliini'out of the woods, crying " Kill the dogs,
kill all the Knulifh dogs." This outcry w-as inftant-
ly followed by a volley of fmall arms, which wounded
three of my men, two through the thi^h, and another
throiij;h the nun. 1 font a letter of complaint by
Hatli y to the captain of the Portiiguefc man of war

J'.

■3-

CLIPPERTON AND SHELVOCK.

in the h:.rbour ; but Hatlcy, at his entrance into the
(hip, was furiouny afl'aultcilby Kmanuel Mania, (the
captain of the iflund) who cried out that this was the
man who had committed I'o many infolcncics towards
them, and had made it a praiilicc to abul'c and aftVoiic
him with the opprobrious name of cuckold. Upon
this exclamation the (hip's company fided with Man-
Outraf;eofihefa, and fell upon Hatley, :\nd would certainly have
I'uriugucfc. ufed both him and his boat's crew very fcvcrelv, had
not the captain and his officers, with much difliLulty,
prevented it ; for the Portuguefe fcamen were exaf-
perated to fuch a degree, that it is more than likely
they would have murdered him, had they not been
timely hindered. The captain, In his anfwcr to mv
letter, cxprefled his forrow for what had happcjicif,
but faid that the people were without law, and it w.is
not in his power to puniih them, adding, that they
were wild, and lurked in the woods, and that feeking
revenge would only expofe my men to butchery. He
aflceil my pardon for the ill ufagc my officer liad met
with on board his (hip ; but withal gave me to under-
ftand there could be no greater provocation to the
people of that nation, than that which Hatley was
accufedofby Manfa ; that his (hip's company had
got Hatley amongft them before he knew ; and, that
ne was obliged to call his prielt to his affittance be-
fore he could get him out of their hands ; and in a
very handfome manner touched upon Hatlcy's (lory.
1 made no long (lay after this difaller, but took my
departure from the northcrnmoft point of St. Catherine's
on the 9th of Augufl, and on the 19th Mr. La Port,
my third lieutenant, broke his leg. From the time
we left St. Catherine's, we had, for the nioft part,
fqually weather. As we advanced to the fouthward,
my people's ftomachs increafed to fuch a degree, thwt
the allowance which the government gave in the navy
*ias not fuffirient to fatisfy their hunger. Some of
my officers, in particular Mr. Bctagh, my captain of
marines, who had been purfer of a man of war, and
was a man whom I had a great regard for, was the
champion for an addition of allowance at my table ;
for, he told me that he had orders from the adven-
turers, to cat with me, and what was my table, if I
did not eat better than the cook i He did not ftop
here, but, urged by his intemperance, and (tnding me
unwilling to Iquander away our provi(ions without
knowing where or when we might get any mure, he
at length had the infolence to tell me publicly ' That
• the voyage (houl J be (hort with me ;' which he often
repeated. I (hould have had reafon to fear it, had he
been capable of commanding ; but, for his puni(h-
ment, I excluded him both from my mels and the
great cabin. Upon this, (inding I was in earneft with
nim, and fearing fome heavier puni(hment, he lent
me a letter, afking my pardon for what h>- had done ;
upon which I reftorcJ him in a handfomer manner
than he afterwards deferved, as will be feen by the
fcqucl. On the 19th of September, ,ibout midnight,
I perceived the water to be difcolourcd all at once j
and, upon heaving the lead, we found ourfelvcs to be
in 26 fathoms water, I (lood off again to fca, but we
did not deepen our water in the running of five
leagues. This fcems to be a bent very near to the
entrance of the Streights of Maghellan. I had a fine
opportunity of going through thefe ftreights ; but
Captain Clipperton in his plans pretended, out of the
abundance of his judgement inul experience, that the
Streights of Lc Maire, would be the beft navigation,
though he himfelf palTed through the Streights of
Maglielhn. From this, I might have conjediured,
that he, who never was fond of having a confort with
him, defigncd to make ule uf this as a likely expe-
dient to feparate himfelf, for he was a man that would
do .-my thmg, though ever fu di(honeft or inhuman.

On the 13th of September, the fog clearing up,
xvc had a full but mtlanclioly profpeit of the molt de-
folate country that can be conceived, Teeming no
other than continued rid<!;cs and chains of moun-
tains, one within another, perpetually burled in fnow.
Towards noon wc were becalmed within three
Vol. I. N^ 9. '

leagues of the mountains called the Three Biothcrs,
fonamcd from their equal lieight,near rcftmblanee,aiid
proximity to ono another. Till now, we haJ nut
been I'ei.liblc of any helps or hindiaiices by currents ;
but this afternoon we were hurried wilii incredible
impetuofity into the (treights, and jult as wc haJ
gained fomcwh.it more than the niid-pairagc, the
iiorlhern tide camo ru(hing upon us witli a violence
equal to that of the tide which had brouglit us in,
and, to our great alloni(hment, drove u> out of the
Itrciglifs again at a great and extmordinary rate, not-
witliltanding wc had a frelh and fair gale with us at
N. W. Upon the (hifting of this tide to windward,
there arofe fuch a (bort, and, while it laKed, fu lioUow
a fea, and fo lofty withal, that we alternately dipped
our bowfprit and pooplanthorns into the water. Our
(liip laboured in the molt alarming manner, and be-
came infenfible of the guidance of her helm ; but at
midnij^iht the tide (hifted, and we got through the
ftreights without feeing the land on cither fide, and,
in the morning, had a very good offing to the fouth-
ward. We had found it very cold betore we came
this lengi.h ; wcllerly winds of thcmfelves would have
been fufficicntly piercini;, but they were always at-
tended with drifts either of fnow or fleet, which con-
tinually beating on our fails and ringing, calld the
malts and every rope with ice, fo that there was no
handling them. It was common with us to be two
or three days together lying to, under our bare poles,
cxpofed all the while to the aflaults of prodigious leas,
much larger than any 1 had ever obferved before. 'I'he
winds reigning thus tem|K'(luoufly, without intcr-
miffion, in the wcdcrn board, wc had (Iretched away
into 61° 30' fouth hit. where wc were in continual
dread of falling foul of iflands of ice, and v.-here wo
found the variation to be /i ' 6' to the north-eaftward.
As we wc were furling the main-fail, on the 3d of
Oflober, one William Camcll cried out that his hands
were fo benumbed he could not keep his hold j but
before thofe that were next him could ky hold of him
he fell into the fea; and the (hip makinjj fre(h way,
and the fea running high, we lo(l fight of him before
wc could bring to.

In the 22d of Oflobcr, at eight o'clock at night,
we carried away our fore-top mall, and the next morn-
ing wc rigged another. Wecrept by very (low degrees,
aftf<i' wc had ventured to tack and (land to the north-
ward, in hopes to weather our way into the great
South Seas ; and indeed it may be averred, that from
the time wc nalTed the ftreights of Le Maire till we
had the firft fight of the coaft of Chili, we had been
continually diltrcflld by the wind, and difcouraged by
the bad weather. November 10, wc faw the coaft of
Chili, diftant ten leagues, the latitude, by obferva-
tion, 47° 28' fouth, [Captain Shelvock, who was by
this time in want of wood and water, here mentions
his not being able to reach the idand of Juan Fernan-
dez, the common rendezvous of palling into the South
Seas, and where he might have met with Captain
Clipperton, but notwitlmandingall he fays about the
matter, it is probable he had no great dcfire to fail
in company with one whom he thought not fo well
qualilied as himfelf to conduct the expedition. He
thus refumes his narrative.]

Surrounded with doubts and apprehenfions left we
(hould be obliged to advance too far on thcfu coafts,
without a competent ftock of provifions, one Jofeph
de la Fontaine, a Frenchman, aflured me that if 1
would goto the ifland ofChiloc, which w.is at that time
a little to the northward of us, there was no place for
our purpofe like it in all the South Seas ; that the
towns of Chacaoand Calibuco, the firft on the illand,
and the fecond on the continent, were rich places i
that the former was the ufual refidenceof the governor,
and that at (he latter there was a wealthy college of
Jefuits, and that there were confiderable magazines
kept up, which were always well ftockcd with pro-
vifions of all kinds. On thefe confiderations, I
formed a refolution of going toChiloe; and on the
30th of November wc cntereu the channel, with an in-
D d tent

1-2?.

9»

THE VOYAGES OF

tent to furprlzc the towns of Clincno and Calibuco ;
■> Hut immediately alter wc had come to, the windward
tide m:ulc out with prodigious r.ipidiiy, whith in-
flanily caulLd a great fca, tlic wind iiRrealiiig at the
lame time, the channel all about us appeared like one
continued breach. In the midii of lliis, our fliip hiid
a great ftrain upon her cable-, which unforfunalely
parted, and wc loll our ;;nclior. We p;illed by two
coinnmdious lays, anil ai length wc rounded a point
of land out of the tidc';^ way, where we were tom-
niodioullv (hehered from all inconvenience's ; and the
next morning I fcnt my fccond lieutenant to make a
diCcovery of the town of Chacuo aiid Calibuco, and
Captain flatley at the fame time, to And out a water-
ing place. He foon rctuintd again, and brought
with him an Indian, who gave us hoixs of a fuflicient
fui>plv of all wc wanted, but afterwards cime in the
evening to tell us the country was forbidden to fur-
iiifli us with any thing. The lieutenant not being
yet returned, the information made me apprehend the
enemy had taken him, and by that means learned who
v.cwire. However, on the 3d of December, a Spa-
nifli ifticcr came to us in a piragua, rowed by eight
Indians. As foon as we h.id fight of the piragua I
hoilkd French colours i and when the Spaniard came
on board, I told him ours was a homeward bound
trench (hip, called the S. Rofe, and that my name
was Le Janis le Breton. Under this notion he (laid
with us all night, and the next morning departid, not
fecming to fulpeiit us. I wrote to the governor by this
gentleman, fignifying, that 1 wanted a I'upply ot pro-
vifions, to carry me b.ick to France, and received for
anfwcr, a complaint ag.iinft the violences of our men,
in killing their fliecp, and driving aw.-iy their cattle ;
by which 1 knew they had fcen my lieutenant ; and I
was in defpair of ever feeing him or tlie people who
were w ith him any more. I therefore fent a mellhgc
to the governor, fignifying, that provifions 1 wanted,
and provifions I mull h.ive, and that very fpecdily ;
and that all the force of Chacao, Calibuco Carcl-
mapo, or Caftro, fhould not frighten or d:tcr nic
Irom fupplying myiblf. Soon after there came a pi-
nigua with a mefiage, fignifying that if I would fend
an officer to Chacao, they would treat w ith me. But
I gave him for anfwcr, that I would treat no where
but on board my own fhip, and farther, that it was
now too late, fince I had already difpatched Ho men to
take all they could find. Soon after this, the pinnace
arrived, which I had fo long given over for loll, with
all her crew, but they were lo much terrified that I
h.td no hopes of their being fit for fervice in any
reafonable time. The officer had no excufe for not
returning as foon as he got fight of the town, but that
the tide hurried him away at unawares, and that in
the night he had forgot that he had a grappling in the
boat, to come to with, till the tide fhifted. I faid
but little, and only made the officer fenfible of his
mifmanagement, which had been the ruin of the ad-
vantageous views I might have had in taking either
Ch.icao or Calibuco.

Uy the i6th of December we had our decks full of
live cattle, fuch as EuroiKian (heep, hogs, poultry,
bi fides wheat, barhy, potatoes, maize, and Indian
corn ; and, in fliort, I computed that I had added
ouc month's provifions to what remained of our In-
dian (lock, and that without thclcaft moleltation from
the enemy. The next day we began to unmoor, and
at noon we weighed, and failed out with the w ind at
W. S. W. The day before wc departed, one of our
men made his efcape into the woods. It was beyond
all difpute that this fellow would give a full account
of us. This, added to the ill conduct of my lieuten-
ant, together with the contrary execution of all my
orders by thofe officers whom I had hitherto intruded
in affairs of importance, made me defpair of e\er
having any thing done to the purpofe ; and, on this
occafion, I could not forbear reflecting on the con-
duiSt of fomc gentlemen in England, who blindlv
made ufcof their intercft to prefer perfons to poll;, for
v.liich they were utterly unfit,

I failed from Chiloc with adefign fo go ftrait to the
ifland of Juan Fernandez, but was prevented by my
people, who were polUlkd willi notions of valt ad-
vantages to be made by go:ng lo the port of Concep-
tion. It was our Frenchm.ni, who had been fo hh
ilrumeni.d in our attempt in Cliiloe that was the cauiij
of this. Finding his accounts hitherto tuler.ibly juft,
they once more lillencd to liini ; and every one of my
Ihip's company who would f.iy any thing at this junc-
ture, did not fail to fpeak his mind foniewhat inlo-
lently j particularly William Morphew, one of the
men I had out of the Ruby, and who had been in
thele leas ('evcral years, took upon him to tell me lliitt
it would not fignify much whether we arrived two or
three days fooner or later at Juan Fernandez. That
I was a (Iranger here; but that the Fuiichinan and
himfelf were well acquainted with thcfc ix:!;, and
that every body hoped I would be advifed, a:J go to
the port of Conception, and not put a mere punc-
tilio of orders in the balance againll a certainty of
fucccfs, if we were fo hap))y as to arrive in time at
that port. Confidcring how cafily tlicy might Ikj
brought to throw off all command, and how little 1
was able lohclp my(-lf .ilone, I complied with them
[as people are cafily perfuaded to what they like] and
on December the 23d wc arrived in the bav, from Captain Sid-
w hence 1 oideri'd the boats well manned and aimed to ™'^''- aimo a
go up in the niglit, to farprife what vcliels might be ^•'""'^'^r'"'"-
in the harbour, and to make what obfervations they
could concerning the place. Captain Hatley returned
about noon with the pinnace, and informed me t'lat
he h.id taken the Solidad de And.iy of 150 tons (the
only fliip in the road or port) which was ! itcly como
from Baldivia, laden with timber, but hud on board
only the boatfwain, an old negro, and four Indian
boys. He took alfo a fn..ill vellbl of 25 tons, near
the ifle of Quiriquine, which belonged to a pricjl who
had been gathering fruits, and was now mode a pri-
foner in her, together with four or five Indians. This
veflel we found very ufeful, and called her the Mer-
cury, being well built, and ready on all occafions to
look into the port. There was another finall vcffel
that paflcd within piffol-lhot, but Captain Hatley ne-
ver once offered to follow her, or bring her to. He
truly faid he did not mind [obfervcj her, though hi.)
boat's crew all .igreed ftie was full of men. This veflel
was bringing advice of us from Chiloe. I did not
fail to reprimand him for this, but to no effect.

On the 20th of December, the prieft being very
folicitous to ranfotn his bark, he left the (hip in the
morning, and, in my pinnace rowed by Indians, went
a-fliorc to get money for that purpofe. At noon, Mr.
Brooks, the firft lieutenant, brought down thc'lliip
we had taken, and anchored her about half a mile
Hiort of us. The boatfwain of her had not been on
board above two hours before he gave nic information
of a veffel lailcn with wine, brandy, and other things,
bound to the ifland of Chiloe, lying at anchor in the
bay of Herr.id.ura, about two leagues to the north-
ward of us. Hither I ordered Mi. R^iiulal, our fe-
cond lieutenant, with the boatfwain of the Solidad,
and 25 men to go ; with pofiilve orders not to fet a
foot on fliorc, or make any hazardous atteni|it what-
ever. But the next evening they returned with a dif-
inal ftory, that they went into the bay, and finding
the veffel hauled dry on fllore, the officer ordered the
people to land, and bring away what they could out
of her ; but their carrctr w.is foon (lopped ; for they
had no fooner got upon the bank j than they difco\ered '^ Sl.irm.ih
the enemy ruffling out furioufly upon tliem. They ''"'-•
all cfcapcd except five, who were o\ertakrn in flioal
water, and they all agreed that thofe five were cut to
pieces. The Spaniards came down upon them, pre-
ceded by 20 or 30 horfes ahreall, linked to each other.
Thcfe were two deep, then came the enemy, mounted,
andlving ujion their horfes n'-ek'i, driving the others
before them. They were not once lecn to fit upright
in their fiddles, except when the'-e was no danger, or
to fire their mufqucf^. — IMiis new addition to our mif-
fortuiics quite dilpiritcd lliegiea'.eU pait of iny fuip'»

couipuny.

C L I P P K R T O N AND S H E L V O C K.

;>pTain SIcl-
k-ock aliivcsat
L'unccftKW.

A Sl.iiir/.lli

I^oihpany. Notliiiij; was hdvv IkmrI but murmuring,
nml curling the South Stas, and declarin;; It this was
making theii forlinu-, they had better Itaid at home,
and begged about the lirttts ; liutjultasi was expof-
tulatlng with Mr. R.uulall, who conducted tliis un-
fortunate undcrtakinr;, I was agreeably lurpril'ed with
the fight of a large Ihip, which we law comina; about
the northcrnmort point of the iflarid of Qiiiriiiuine.
It was almoll dark, and Ihe could not perceive what
we were, fo that (he flood towards us without fear.
Asfoon as ihe approached near enough, I hailtd her,
to which flie returned no anfwcr, ami 1 fired into her.
This was no fooner done, th in (hi: came to, and called
for quarter. She was called the St. Kermin, and came
from Calao, burden about 300 tons, and « as laden
with fugar, melafles, rice, coarfe French linen, and
fome cloaths of Quito, together with a fmall quan-
tity of chocolate, and about 5 or 6c30 ilollars in mo-
ney and wrought plate. I lent Mr. Hcndric (the agent
for prizes) to iiifpeck her lading, and to order every
thing he could lind valuable out of her, and the Ihip's
company fent their agent likcwile. In the afternoon
they returned, and brought all the bales, boxes,
chelts, portmanteau'-:, &c. that were in her ; ..iuh'lfo
all the rice, witii a large quantity of fugar, MLhiile'.,
and chocolate, and about 7000 welLrht of good rufk,
with all her cables and ftores. Don Krantiico Lar-
rayn, her captain, dcfired to ranfom his (hip, to wliich
I willingly conicnted, and fuffered him to l;o in hi-.
own launch for that purpofc. On the 30th :.e.cn; cami-
a boat with a flag of ti uce, which biouj;lit word th.i;
three only of our people were killed in the (kirmilhat
Herradura, the otller two wounded, bu; in a fair wav
of recovery, ^;ld th.nt the boat had brought advice 01
us, as I fufpei^ted, from the illand. The officer
brought me feveii jarsof very good wine, as a prefent
from the goveriu'r, with a letter full of civility, but
written with a ur.at deal of craft. He therein de-
ft red to fej my I -Jinmiflion, and then he would treat
witli me according to the law of arms. I therefore
font Mr. Betagh to Conception, with a copy of my
commiflion, the declaration of war, &c. ami foon
after Ut: returned with a Flemifli Jefuit, a Spanifll
lawyer, an Engliihman, and a Scotchman. The
Jefuit allured me he was only come to pay his refpeii's
tome, and to do his utmoit to promote . the affair of
the ranfom, and bring it to an immediate conclufion
'I'hcreforc, the firll thing I did was to (hew my com-
million to the £ngli(hman, who read it in Spaniih
The Jefuit then told me that the captain of the St
Fermin and Solidad, had refolvcd to give me 12,000
dollars, and the Mercury ineliided, inllead of i6,oco
dollars, which I had infilled on for the St. Fermin
only. To this I pofitively anfweied, that all their
perfu,ifions, artifices, and pretences, (hould never
make me agree with them. We had taken, in the St.
Fermin, ten large filvcr candlefticks, each of them
weighing about 25 pounds fterling. The holy fa-
ther, in a very fuppliant manner, reprcfented to me
that they were a legacy to his convent, and faid he
hopcil I would make no difpujtc of fo noble a charity.
I offered to let him have them for their weight,
which confidering the great price they pay in thofe
parts for the fafliion of wrought plate, was a \ery ad-
vantageous offer i but he faid they never bought any
tiling for facred ufes j ' and that, as the workmen put a
great ileal of alloy into plate, it would be difficult to
determine the different value of the dollars and the
candleflicks : So, after many needltfs difputes,
both about this and the ranfom of the (hips, the Je-
fuit and the red affirming that the captain of the St.
Fermin, &c. were not able toraife above 12,000 dol-
lars, there was nothing done. Two days palfing with-
out any news from the governor, I began to be cer-
tainly convinced that they had fomcthing in view
more than the accoramodationxif the ranfom j but on the
4th, my two wounded men came on board, and brought
a letter with them, importing, 'I'hat as the prifoners
were now fent back, the governor hoped 110 difficulty
would remain to prevent my fending on (hyrc all the
6

prifoners belonging to him. [But the Ciptain bearing
no further news from the tnwn, he biuiud lii- lliips, <—
and at length let fail t<i Juan I iiaiidez ; .■.ikI wlnllt
tlieywereon their v. ay the pliii. ;■.:■ was fold b'f'ire th';
mafl, and the men had their rerpetl.Ne Ihi'res .illntti'.l
them. They arrived at the ill.tnd, in the middle ct
January, and found the name ol .Ma.:ce cut en the
tree, as has been related in Ciipperton',-, vtiy '.;:.■. The
writer here takes octil'on to cxci.u;n a';ainU the e^'m-
mtinJer for not having left him any direclioa , ■•.Inch
he fays wis a lign that he n^ver inlendid they
(hould J!:iii again j. however he could not but be cer-
tain ihit the Sucecl'i had been there, and leaving the
illand, let fail to iheiioriliwnrd. 1

(Jnthejill of January (continues he) havi'ig a
ilefign to look into Copaipo, as 1 went along Ihore, 1
fent Mr. Dodd, the fecond lieutenant of marines, with
eight men, as a reinforcement to the Mercury's crew ;
and the next evening tluy left us, fleering for the
land, whilfl I kept a proper oiling, to pivvent our
being difcovered. The next day the officer returned,
and toM me he had looked into the port, but could
l(?e no (hipi ing there ; on which I niaJe him fcn-
li'ole of h:. ernn', and lent him to the rij,ht pl.ice,
which was about hx Ka^':..s i.i the norihward of us,
and ordered him to be ready to look into C.ildern by
day-light the next morning. They did lo, ar.J law
nothing; but inflead of making life "f [lie l.;nd-wind
tocomcoff tome, they kept along ihovc till the lea-
I'reeze came on, and could not cume to me till the
iiiorninjj after, bv which means the\ liinderej ire ot
.ilmoll a whole day and night's f.iiling ; and in this
vexatious manner weie all my orders executed. On
the 5th of February, 1 dil'patched Air. Drooks a-litaJ
to difcovcr if there were any (hijiping in Arica, and
the next day I had light of the head-land of Arica,
and the illand of (Juano, with a (hip at anchor on the
northern fide of it. I law the Mercury Ihuuling out
of the bay, by which 1 judged the (liip was too warm
for her, and therefore made all pollible haflc to get up
to her with ourlhip. When 1 came into the port, 1
found that theveflbl w.ns already taken, and the Mer-
cury only accidentally went a-drift. This prize was
called 'I'hc Rofario, of about 100 tons, laden with
cormorant's dung, which the Spaniards call guana,
and which is brought from the illand of Iquique for
the culture of the agi or cod-pepper, in the vale of
Arica. There was no white face in her but the pilot,
to whom I fent, to fee if her owner would ranfom her.
At fovcn o'clock in the morning I received a letter
from the owner, cxprcffing his poverty, and declaring
his readinefs to comply, to the utmoli of his power;
and the hoiicft man was as good as his word. 1
agreed upon reftoring him his fliip and fix negros, for
1500 pieces of eight, and he was fo punflual and ex-
peditious, that at ten the next night he brought the
ranjbin agreed for. Soon after the receipt of this,
we took a velli:l of about ten tons, as (he w.as coming
into the road with a cargo of dried fi(h and guana,
within a mile of the town. The mafter of this bark
likcwifc came off uponabalfe [one of the feal-lkiii
boats already defcribcd.] On this he brought off two
jars of brandy, and 40 pieces of eight for his ran-
fom, which, confidering his mean appearance, was
as much as I could have cxpeded. One n.irt of his
freight was valuable, which was the drieil filli.

Salingfrom Arica, Captain Shclvock tell in again
with the Wile Solomon, in the road of Hillo, who
feemingdctermined to proteft certain vcU'els that were
with him, the Engl ifh m-ule no attempt upon them,
but proceeded on their voyage, a moiety of the mon.y
taken at Arica being divided among them on the 2d of
February ; and on the 22d of the fame month, they
came a-brcall of Callao, but attempted nothing. —

On the 26th, fays Captain SheUock, the officers
in the Mercury defired to be relieved ; and it being
Captain Hatley's turn to go in her, he propofed to me
that he might continue along (hore, till wc had got
the length of Lobos, in 7" fouth lat. I could not but
approve of this, confidering the probabilitv there was

•t

1(^0

THE V O Y A (5 E S OF

'7«3

of his meeting wit!i tiic P.uuma flilps ; anil f vtry body
being well pItalcJ, I adiitd to thrlr rompleincnt ot'
men, and gave them a month's provifions, mounted
two of our quarter-deck j;uns on the .Mercury, and
lent Captain Hatlcy my pinnace. As ("o(«i as every
thing was ready for their departure. Captain Uctagh,
whole duty it was to relieve the marine otGccr in the
Mercury, being unwilliii;; to go on this party* ad-
(Ireded himfelf to the |)cople, and with a fearful coun-
tenance faid, that he and they who were to go with him
were fcnt for a facrilice, and many other expreflions
tending to create a general mutiny., I now imai;ined
no lefs than that he was about to adt what he had
tlire.itt-niil me, when he told mc it fhouUI be 4 flioit
voyaijc with me j and therefore I dciircd to Icnon' of
the (hip's company, who amongft them was of Ue-
taph's opinion ? 'I'heir anfvver, with one voice., was,
" None." This done, I orilercd the Mcrcurv along-
Tidc, and Hatley and Betagh went on board of lier j
putting oft' from us, they gave us three rKccrs, and
Aood right in for tlie land, in latitude, by cofervation,
of 10' 9' fouth. The very next day, ihcy took a
fmall bark laden with rice, chocolate, wheat flour,
and the like. The day followinc; they took another.
On the 7th day of their abfencc they made thcmfelves
maftcis of a (hip of near 200 tons burden, wor'h
150,000 pieces of eight. Fluflied with this Cuccels,
it fcems Betagh prevailed on Hat'ey and the greater
jiart of the people with them, to lay hold of the op-
portunity, and go to India. But t'.icv had nofoonor
clapped their liclm a-weather, than they faw a fail
ftanding towards them, which in cffciSf proved to be
a Spanijh man of war, that caught them, and put an
end to their India voyage, I'hc Engliih prifoncrs
were treated but indift'erently ; but it appears that Be-
t.igh, who was of their religion, and of a nation that
the Spaniards aft'e<£l to be fond of, was made an officer,
and ufed very refpcclfully. This he certainly defervetl,
at their hands ; for he gave them an account of the
whole fcheme of our voyage, and not only informed
them of what we had done, hut all'o of what I de-
figned to do ; fo that thcv did not doubt but I my-
(elf (hould be in the fame hands very fpecdily. We faw
a fail at anchor in the roads of (juanacho, on the 29th
day of February ; and at<I«v.-n in the morning we
came up and anchored along-Ade of her. There was
nobody on board, but two India men and a boy, who
informed us that there was a rich (hip in the Cove
of Payta,

March 21, at three in the afternoon, we faw the
Pena Oradado, or the Hf-lt iHthe rtit; and in an hour
afterwards, we entered the Cove of Pa\ta with French
colours flying. There we found only a frnall ftiip
at anchor, with her foiemaft cut, and her main-top-
maft unrigged; but the taking of this town being con-
(idercd in the fcheme of our \oyage as a matter of
great importance, I confiiltevl wit^ my officers con-
cerning the propereft method* of £;oing about it, at,
two o'clock the next morning I laiic^ed with 46 men,
leaving Mr, Coldfea, the maUer, and fome others, to
bring the (hip nearer in, that we might the more cx-
peditioully embark the plunder we might get, lieing
now on (horc, 1 marched up to the great church with-
out meeting any oppofition ; and indeed I found the
townentirelydei'crled by the inhabitants. At day-light
we faw what fcemed great bodies of men on the hill,
on each fide of us, who I expelled, when they had
viewed our ftrength, would have paid us a vlfit ; but
I found that at, we marclied up towards them, we
drove them before us. The remainder of the (fay
was fpent in (hipping o(Fwhat plunder we had got,
which confiited of hogs, fowle, brown and white ga-
ravanahs, Indian corn, wheat, flour, fugar, and as
much cocoa nut as we were able to ftow away, wiih
pans, and other conveniences for preparing it ; fo
thai we weic fupplied .with breakfa(t meat lor the
whole voyage, and were full of provifion's of one kind
or other. In the afternoon a meflcnger ciimc to us,
to know what I would take (or the raiif im of the
town, and (hip ; to which I aiifwered, That I would

have io,oco pieces ofii;.;!!!, and lima- to be paid in
twenty-four hours, if tlav intendi-d to f.ue ejiher.
But the goieinor ga\e m'ic Id undeittand, in plain
terms, that he neither could nor would i.inloni liie
town, and did not care what 1 diil with it, lo I Ipaiti
the churches. Having received this negative anlwer,
1 got every thing fcrvicc»blc out of the town, and in-
ftantly ordered it to be fct <m fire j and the houfifi Thc> luia
being extremely dry, confumed away apace. But nol'jyu.
fooncr was Payta in a blaze, tlian thufe on hoard made
fignals for mc to come off, and kept incedimtly firing
tow.vdii the muulli of the harbour, . On. dii$ i ordeicS
all my hands oft', and went firft on board my-
lelf in a canoe with three hands only 4 but be-
fore I had got half-way, (aw a large fliip lyijig with
her fore-top ("ails a-brack, and with a SpaniSi flag
flying at her fure-top-m.ilt ,hc.id. At thi* profpeiEt
two of my three people were ready to (ink, and when
I looked b.nck on the town,. I could not ibrbear
wifhing that I had not been fo bafty. Ai the admiral
was coming in with all his fails fp'rerd, Mr. ColUiea,
by the afli(fance of the few on buiird, tired .it him ('•
fmartly, that he ftoppcd the eiumv's career. The
Spaniard apprehending he (hould have hot work with
us, biought his (hip to, that he •might put himfelf
into a condition of making a vigorous attack upon
us. 'I'his ina(5tivity of the enemy i»ava me ai» op-
portunity of getting on board, and (uftcrcil- my men
to conic oft', about 50 in number ; but the Spaniard
was within pitf(d (l»t brfore they had all got into tin
fliip ; upon which we cut our cable, but our (hip fall-
ing the wrong way, I had but juit room enough to
fail clear of him. Being nowcloli: by him, hisiormi-
dubic ap|)earance (fiuck an unKerfal damp on every
one's. fpirits ; .and I myfclf could tbrefce nothing but
that wc (hould be torn to pieces by him, and longed
for an opportunity to try our heels with him, while
our malts were (landing. I cxpcded every minute
that he would board us, and upon hearing a (hout
among them, I concluded they had now come to that
refolution ; but I prefcntly faw that the occafion of
this joy was their having (hot down our enfign ftafF,
upon which, they (being our enfign trailing in the
wiUer, were in hopes we had Aruck ; however, I foon
undeceived them by fpreading a new enfign in themiz-
zcn Ihrouds. Upon this Tight they lay fnug, and
held their way upon our quarter. At laft-, defign-
ingtodoourbufinelsatonce, they clapjied their helm
well a-ftarboard, to bring their whole broadfidc to
point at us, but their fire had but little eft'eft, they
muzzled themfclvcs, and all flood faft with us. This
gave me time to get both a-hcad and to windward of
him, before he could fill his fails again. And now I
found that if our mafts, which were by this time but
flcndcrly fuppurtcd, would bear what fail we h,-id
aboard, wc ftiould foon (leal away from him. After
this, he was in,a great hurry to get his fprit-fail yard
fore and aft, threatening us very bird, and plying
us with his fore chace j but wc were f(X)n out of his
reach, and all hands were immediately emidovcd in
repairing our diunages. This (hip was called the
Perearine, of 56 guns, with upwards of 450 men on
board her. During this adlion, we had not a man
killed or wounded, although the enemy often hulled
us iind CHicc in particular, a (hot coining into one
of our ports, difmounied one of our guns V^^'een
decks, tearing o(f the nut of the gun, and breaking it
into a great many piecrs, which flew fore and aft, in
the micd of a crowd of people, but without hurting
any of them. Our ftcrn was much (battered, and our
rigging much difahluJ, Our main-mad w;;b a little
wounded, yet (lood a long while with only one good
(hroud to fupport it. Our forcmaft fared little bet-
ter, yet I kept all the canvas, except the main-top.
gallant-lail at hard-bat's end. An utducky (hot
took llie bow of our launch, as (he lay upon the
quarter, and let fire to (i>ine cartridges of powder,
which were liegligintly loft in her, and which blew
away her moorings ^ and we loft her. Seeing agre.it
fmukt aril'e from the quarccr, at tirft I ima;^ini'd fome

about

.^^'-.

••♦•

*«.

CLIP"K RTON AND S H E L V O C K.

lOI

acciiloiit hail lia|>|H-iied within b<)a)-d. In fliort, in
about three clalLs, wc ggt clcir ol' the admiral, who
tucked and (tuud in t'ur rayta, and we Ihoncncd fail.
A narrower cfciipe Irum an enemy could not well
have been made, cunlideriiig the valt difFeroncc be-
tween us as to force. I'lie Spaniard had 56 guns,
as has been faid, and we, on the contrary, had but 20
mounted j they 450 men, we, on our part did not
exceed 75 J and 11 negros and two Indians were in-
cluded in that number. He had farther this great
cxlds over u!>, of being in a fettled rcadinefs, whiUl
we were in tiie utinoll confufion. As for our fmall
arnif, they were wet and ufelefs to us ( and what was
more, in the midft of the engagement, one third of my
people inftead of fighting were hard at work to make
farther preparation for an obftinate refinance, if we
had been puihed to extremities i and, particularly the
carpenter and his crew, were bufy in making ports
for ftcrn-chafc guns, which, as it happened, we made
no ufe of. Upon the whole, we had the good fortune
to cfcape this danger, which was the more to be
dreaded, becaufe, as we had fet fire to the town, they
were probably exafpcrAted, on account of the churches
which I never intended to deliroy ; and if we had
fallen into their hands, they might have given us but
uncomfortable quarters. At the beft, nowcver, it
cannot but be allowed to have been a moll unfoitunate
affair. The lofs of my boat and anchor was irrepar-
able, and may be faid to be the caufe of that fcenc of
trouble which will take up the remainder of this nar-
rative i for we had now but one anchor, that at
Payta being the third we had loft and we were
beiides deftitute of a boat of any kind. At five the
fame evening, we faw n fail tmdcr our lee-bow, which
I look to be the prize that we had left to cruife for
us near the Saddle of Payta, and we therefore flood
to the weftward all night, and the next morning we
(aw two fail a-flern of us. I tacked, and ftood to-
wards them, and, in a little time could fee that one
of them was ftanding in for Payta, while the other
kept ftcmminz with us i but the nearer I approached
her, the lefs I liked her, and could not but think it
advifeablc to put my (hip about and crowd fail
from her. However, Ihc gained upon us, and ad-
vanced near enough to (hew us Ihc was the Brilliant,
the admiral's contort. She was a French-built fliip, I
of 36 guns, manned with ])eople of that nation and |
other huropcans. She was handfomely rigged, which
is rare to be fecn in thofe parts, and failed almoft two
feet for our one i fo that notwilhltanding we had a
calm almoft all the heat of the day, fhe neared us
apace. But night coming on I m.idc ufe of the old
ilratagrm (I thought it might be new here) of turn-
ing a light adrift in a half tub, inftead of a boat,
darkening one part of the lanthorn, that it might ap-
pear the more like a fhip's light, and then immediately
altered my courfe. As the day broke, I hauled all
my fails, and in full day- light could perceive nothing
of the enemy. I'his was the fhip wherein Betagh
was fo much rcfpcdled ; and by his advice it was, as 1
have been told, that the admiral ordered hisconfort to
ply up to windward to Lobos, our firft place of ren
dczvous, while he himfelf came to Payta, in fearch of
us. This feparation, though intended as a fure me-
thod to catch us, very fortunately proved to be the
means of our prcfervation. Being thus clofely pur-
fued, I took an offing of thirty leagues from the
ihore, and then brought to, in order to confldcr what
I had beft do. I was flill in the dark, as to my con-
fort, an embargo, as I was told at Payta, was laid on
•11 Ihipping to leeward, for the term of fix months,
our prize, which I deftgned to make a fire-(hip
of, was taken by the Brilliant, and I was ignorant
what was become of the Mercury.

In the midft of all this peril and perplfxity, I
called my officers together, to let them know that it
was my opinion, as we were then circumftanccd, we
had a better profpc£l to windward than to leeward ;
that on the coaft cf Chili we fhould not be in the
leaft fufpeiSled, and fhould ac tltc fame time, in
Vol. I. N' 10.

17;.')

, C;i|v.ain Slitl-

the mofl eficklual manner, efcapc the enemy's men
of war ) that after taking in watir at Ju in Kern.indez,
wc might cruile out the whole d-.ilon oft' tlie I'orts
Conception, Valparaifo, and Co(|ulniboi where,
among the fhippin^^ we might he Itockeu a ith anchor:;,
cables, boats, and a vell'e' to ■'••.ut into a hie-fhip,
on which IgreatlydepenJed. Ah tu;- liciii^\ iinivtrliliy .
approved of, we llretched away to 'lie wiiulwiiil. My
intentions, after this, »veie tixed upon 11 ■ eo-.dl of
Mexico. I'lierc I pii/pofed to run to the hui, lit of
Tres Marias, and C.ilifornia, as thcmoii likely places
to meet with the Succcfs. 'I'hefe two places would
have Ixen commixlious, the firft for falling ol tuitle,
and the laft for wood and water, and for layiiiL myfelf
in the tra£l of the Manilla (hip, which if 1 lliould
have had the fortune to meet with, and a lire-fhip « ith
me, 1 would have tried what I could have done willi
her. [As they were purfuinc their courfe, Captain
Shelvock's people found a leak in the powder room;
which fpoilcd all the powder except fix barrels ; the
leak, however, being Uopped they proceeded on their
voyage.]

On the nth of May, continues the Captain, 'we
faw the illand of Juan Fernandez. Here I plied off
and on, till the 21ft a hard gate arolc, and brought
with it a tumbling fe», I'u that in a few hours our
cable, which was never wet before, parted, and in-
evitable fhipwrcck appeared before our eyes. But
Providence fo far intcrpofed in our behalf, that if wu
had ftruck but a cable's length farther to the eaftward
or weftward of the place where we did, wc muft all
certainly have perifhcd. Our main-maft, fore-maft,
and mizzen top-mail went all away together
happy it was for us that they did fo ; for, by making (hunviti-k
them ferve by way of raft, and by the help of thofe
who were on fliore before the wind came on, we were
all faved except one man. In the midll of this fur-
prife, the firft thing I took care o(, was my commilTion,
and, remembering the powder to be uppermoft in
the bread-room, Igot moft of it up, with about feven
or eight bags of bread. Thefe wc faved, as the fhip
did not go to pieces immediately ; however, in a few
minutes after fhe ftruck, fhe was full of water. We
faved, notwithftanding, two or three compalTes and
fome of our mathematical inftruments, and books.
When wc firft got on fhore, wc were without any
thing necefTary for our relief; not fo much as a
feat whereon to reft our harraffcd limbs, except the
cold ground, which was to be our bed and pillow.—
In the evening all the officers came to confult with
me how we fhould get fome nccefliirics out of the
wreck j and having, ny this time, lighted a fire, wc
wrapped ourfelves in what we could get, laid ourfclvcs
round it, and, notwithftanding the badnefs of the
weather, flept very found. But the next morning,
getting up with the firft glimpfe of day-light, wc
looked at each other like men awaked out of a dream ;
fo great and fo fudden was the melancholy change in
our condition, that we could fcarcely truft to our
fenfes. I went immediately among the people, to fct
them about the work wc h.id refolved upon the ni;>ht
before ; but they were fo far fcattered that there was
no getting them together, or we might probably have
regained all our beef and pork. This opportunity was
loft by their eagernefs to build huts and tenti^, in
order to fettle themfelves for good ; for, while they
were thus employed, a furious gale of wind came on,
which deftroyed all the provifions in the ftiip, except
one cafk of beef, and one of Farina de Pao, which
were wafhed whole on the ftrand. I had faved
1 100 dollars, belonging to the gentlemen adventurers,
which were kept in my cheft in the great cabin ; the
reft being put in the bottom of tlie bread-room for fe-
curity, could not poffibly be come at. — I found a
very commodious fpot of ground, about half a mile
from the fi;a, on which I fet up my tent. There was
a fine run of uatcr within a ftone'scaft of it, on each
fide, with firing near at hand, and trees proper for our
ufe. The people fetrled within call about me, in the
beft manner they could ; and having fccured ourli^lves
I £ e agaijift

103

THE VOYAGES OP

720

wreck.

againfl tiie inclemencies of the weather> we ufed to pafs
our time in the even round a great lire, reading cray-
fifti In the irnbcrs.

I now began to thinic of building fuch a veflel from
the wreck ns might carry us all oft at once from this
illand ; and, fur that purpofe, confulled with the
carpenter, but was alloniihed at his anfwcrin^, " That
he could not make brick without llraw," and walking
aw;iy from me in a furly humour. From him I went
to the armourer, and alked him what he could do to-
^va^ds building a fmall vclTel for us. He anfwcrcd.
That he hoped he could do all the iron work ; that
he had with much labour got his bellows out of the
wreck, and that he did not doubt but we (hould find
a great many other ufeful things when we came to f.-t
about a fearcli for them in good earncit. [In effeil
after much trouble the captain perfuaded them to fct
about the bark, but they went on with the work jull
.18 thev picafed ; and one among them of the name of
Morphcw, in the name of the company ufeil his com-
mander with much inl'olence. 'I'hty were divided
into parties, but this difagreemcnt among themfelves
at length brought them b.ick in fome degree to their
duty, and after paying the carpenter afumof money
agreed on, the veilel at length was linifhed, but
patched up in a ftrange manner to fcrve the prcfent
exigency. In the mean time the boat was completed
which liad been begun by the armourer ; this boat was
cmplnytd in hilling, and a quantity of conger eels
was cured for a fupply of pro\ ifions.J

I!ut now (continues our voyager) having done all
A l>srk Iiuilt ^yg could when we came to put in water, to {ry the
u'rciii tightncfs of our work, it was (ollowcd by an univerfal

outcry (if " A fieve ! A ficve!" I was afraid the
people would have dctpaired, and dcfilied from ufing
any farther means ; but in a little time, with incelTant
labour, we repaired the (hip's pumps, and fitted them
tijoiirbark, and the next Ipring-tide, which was on
the 5rh of October, we found means t<i launch her.
As lliL- went otf the blocks, 1 named her 77i/ Recovtry ;
ihuu^'h I was fadiy afraid of hearing ill news from
thtiff a-float in her : but all proved indifterently
\vc!l : and I knew it to be dangerous to lie here long,
cfpieially having no other anchor than a great ftone
and a flight ropu to hold her with, while the leaft putF
of wind might have driven her upon the rocks, and
deftroyed lier ; we therefore got all the water oft' that
dav, which we did fo much theeafierand quieter be-
c.iufe the calks were ready flowed in the hold. Our
vefll'l had two mafts, and was about 20 tons burden ;
and, to my great latisfa(5iion, I found that one pump
conftantly working kept her free. The next day we
got every one on board, and embarked, leaving behind
us eleven or twelve who hnd delcrtcd us. They were
deaf to all perfuafions, and, in fliort, fcnt me word,
'l"hcv were not yet prepared for the other world j fo
they, together with the like number of blacks and
Indians, remained on the iOand.

This ifland enjoys a fine wholefom air ; infomuch
, that out of 70 of us that were on it for the fpace of
five months and eleven days, not one of us had an
hour's ficknefs, notwithftanding wc fed on foul diet
without bread or fait. For my own part, I muft .ic-
knowledge the bounty of providence ; for altho' I loft
iniicli of my flelh ; yet from being before very corpu-
lent, and almoft crippled with the gout, I became one
of ilie ftrongefb.ind moft aftive men on the idand. —
On tlie tops of fomcof the mountains here, are plains
covered with groves of Italian laurel. Palm-trees are
liktvvifc found in moft parts, growing in fmooth joints
like a cane, to the height of 30 or 40 feet : what fea-
nu II call palm cabbage, is the very fubftance of the
hind of this tree, which being cut off", there is found
inclofid in it a white and tender young cabbage ; but
fur every one that wc got, we were obliged to cut down
a fine lofty tree. The northern part of the id; nd is
very well watered, and the water keeps well at fca, and
is as good as sny in the world, Down the weftern
peak del(:eiid two cafcades, to appearance at leafl ^00
kct perpendicular, which, with the palm-trees that

Sliclvock's
fiLTciiptto'i
tl.i iiUdiI.

hunger by one meal of it, than by four or five from

Sc.1 linns a' d

grow up clofc by the edges of them, exhibit a Very
grand and romantic profpcdt. We might have found
goats enough on the mountains, if wc had been able
to follow them, and cats were fo numerous that there
was hardly fuch a thing as taking a Hep without ftart*
ing one. Thofe whole ftomachs could bear their
flelh for food, found a more fubllantial relief from

that"of filh

The Spaniards, who firft ftocked this ifland with
goats, endeavoured afterwards todelfroy thefe goats by
Jogs, which are likewife very nunlerous ) but the
former have many inacceflible places of refuge where
no dogs can follow them -, and Itill continue to alford
a fpecial fupply to ftrftngcrs.

While we were here, it was the feafon for the fea
lionelFes to come to land, to bring forth their ?'j',J'|""^'
young. Thefe have bodies of a monftrous bulk, be-
ing from ten to twelve feet long, and nearly as much
in circumference. I may venture to affirm that, one
with another, they would yield each a butt of train
oil. They are fo indolent, that as ltx)n as they have
gained the land, they fallaflc-ep, and in that condition
remain for a month fo torpid, that one might fire a
pillol at their heads without difturbing them : But
where the fea lionelTes lie, as they do in companies
after they have yeaned, to give fuck to their young,
there is always an old fea lion of the largcft fize incef-
fantly on the watch ; who at the approach of an ene-
my, makes a hideous roaring, threatening death to
him who fhould be fo hardy as to moleff his charge ;
and, in truth, were they not fo unwieldy, they would
be dcfperatc creatures to encounter. VVe were accuf-
tomed to walk among them without dread ; for all
hit thefe that were to take care of the young were bu-
ried in the prolbundeft flumbers. On the land they
ingender, and bring forth their young, who ingendcr
alio before they go oft", kgainft the next feafon ; (a
quickly do they increafe and propagate. The leals
here may be properly called fea woIvcj from the refeni-
blance their heads bear to thofe of wolves, dilfering in
that particular from thole of the northern Kemifphere,
where their heads are more like the dog's. They arc
naturally furly, and fnarl in a very angry manner, on
the approach of any body. Two fins compofe their
tails ( and with thefe they get along much fafter than
the fea lions.

Every thing one fees or hears on this ifland is dif-
ferent trom what is clfcwhere to be found. 1'hc
very ftru^iure of the ille, in all its parts, appears
with a certain favage, irregular beauty not to be ex-
prefted. The feveral prolpefls of lofty, inacceflible
hills in the day, and the folitarinefsof the gloomy,
narrow valleys in the night, added to the mixed, con-
fufed noife of the I urge, continually beating againft
the ftiore, the tumbling of the waters from an im-
menfe prccipice ; the roaring of the fca lions, and
fea wol/es, whofc voices are more or lefs Ihrill or
hoarli;, according to their youth or age, compofe fo
wild and horrible a medley, that the ftouteft man muft
be long accuftomed to it, before he can tafte the fweets
of refrefliing fleep, or wholly divert himfelf of ter-
ror.

We fet fail (continues the captain) on the Cth of
Oiflober, having nothing to fubfift on at fea but
fmoked conger eels, one calk of beef, four live hogs,
with three or four buflicls of farina. Wc were forty
in number, crowded together, and lying upon bun-
dles of the eels, with no convenience of keeping the
men clean, nor any thing to defend us from their
abominable ftench ; nor was there a drop of water to
be had, without fucking it out of the calk through a
pipe, which being ufed promilcuoully became intoler-
ably naufeous. The unfavouiy morfels daily eaten
amonft us, created perpetual quarrels, every one con-
tending for the frying-pan. All the convenience we
had for firing was only a half-tub filled with raith,
which rendered our cooking I'o tcdiou , that we h id a
continual noife of frying, from morning till night.—
Thus wc travcrfcd the ocean; happy, lit<wcver, in

ths

>'»'

CLIPPpRTON AND SHELVOCK.

•03

Sea linns a J

the thought of beins once more aflaat« and cherifliing
the hope that fumething would liK-eJily fall into our
hands like to it i for not having above fix inches free
board, and our bark tumbling prodigioudy, the water
continually ran over us i and having only a grating
deck, and no tarpaulin to cover it, our pumps could
but iuil keep us free.

[Upon the fourth day of their new expedition they
fell in with a Spanilh veftcl called the Margarita,
which they attacked with vigour, but were three times
rcpulfcd. All night they lay by to provide flugs,
ammunition being extremely fcarce, and when dlf-
pofitions were made in the morning for boarding the
Spaniard, with a rclolution of carrying their pointer
fubmittinc to fupcrior force, a frcfli gale fpringing
up, bore tnc enemy away from the Englifli, and left
them to their own difagreeable reflexions. In their
engagements with this ftip the gunner was killed, and
the hrrt lieutenant, the mailer, and one of the Ihilors
were wounded.]——

*' Our condition (fays the captain) now grew
worfe and worfe, for foon after we had parted from this
veflel, a hard gale came on, which lalKd for four days
without ccafing, during all which time, we had not
an hour's hope of living a minute. We were obligi-d
to feud away under bare poles, with our yaul in tow,
and, having but a fliort piece of boat-rnpc, on the
dcfccnt of every fw, we were in the grcatclt danger of
having the bark's item broken by the violence of the
boat's precipitate fall after us ; and once, in particular,
a great hollow fca was near throwing her on our deck
which would immediately have put an end to our
Captain Shcl- voyage. The excelfivc fright into which our people
»«k iaiU for were put by this ftorm, made many of them form a
I<iui(iue. refolution of going on ftjore with the firft opportu-
nity. In this extremity, calling to mind Mr. Fre-
zier's account of iquique, I mentioned the furprifal
of that place to the crew, which being univcrfally ap-
proved of, we directed our courfc tnithcr. It was
three weeks before wc got this length, and having
nothing to ride the hark with, we were obliged to
keep the fca with her, while the boat went between
the rocks, and was received by fnme Indians on the
They plunder ftrand with a kind of welcome. The men being land-
tlic village, ed, went to the lieutenant'^ houfe, broki it open, and
rummaged the whole village, where they found a booty
more valuable at that time than gold and filver. It
confined of about 50 bulhels of wheat flour, 120 of
calavances [or garavances] fome jerked beef, pork,
and mutton, fomc thoufand pounds weight of well
cured lifli ; a good number of fowls ; fomc rulk, and
four or five days eating of foft bread, together with
five or lix jars of Peruvian wine and brandy j and, to
crown all, they had the good fortune to find a boat
near the (hore, to brine oft-' the booty, which other-
wife would have been ot little ufe to us, our own boat
being alrc.idy fuflRciently laden with the men. The
fettlement of Iquique conftlts of about forty fcattered,
ill-built houfcs, which fcarcely deferve that name,
and a (mM church. There is not the lead verdure
to be feen in or about it, nor docs it afford of itfelf
the Icaft neceflary of life, not even water, which the
inhabitants are obliged to fetch in boats from Pifagua,
ten leagues to the northward.

Hy two Indian prifoi\ers that we took here, we were
informed that the lieutenant's boat was then at Pifa-
itua, and that it would not be long before her return.
Howcx-cr, being determined to make fome attempt in
the road of Le Nafco, in lat. 16" 1 and at Pil'co in
1 3' 45' fouth, we fet fail ; and the very morning we
rameofl^ the Sierra, or high-land of Le Nafco, two
hours before day-light we fell in with a large fliip,
the cireMinttances of our engaging her were much the
fame with thofe we had with the Margarita. We
met both at the fame time in the morning, and whilft
in purluit, had the misfortune of being becalmed.
We Itrugglcd with this laft for fix or kven hours,
and svere at lad obliged to leave her, becaufe the fea-
breezecameon fo ftrong, and the fea ran fo high, that
had (he been of no forte, our flight bark mull hare

gone in pieces before a third part of its could have 1720
entered her. The (hip was called the St. Krancifeo \jr\'>j»
Palaciot carrying 700 tons, eight guns, and ten pa-
tararoes, and was well manned, and provided with
fmall arms. This laft repulfc was made a pretence for
much murmuring : many defpairing of ever being able
to take any thing as our condition w.is, weie for
furrendering to the enemy who was all the night be-
calmed near uj. To prevent their dtfign, I took care
to remove the two boats out of their power, by order-
ing two men tnto each of them, fucli as I thought I
could trull, and to cad oflf from us at a little dlflancc^
fo that none mi^rht cfcaue in them. Hut, notwith-
(landing the confidence I had in thefe four, the two
in the bed boat ran .away with her ; and, the next day
I was informe<l that the lieutenant and Morphcw had
made a party too llrong for me to oppofe, to go away
with the boat that was left ; but, it blowing frefli the
next night, they were prevented from executing their
dcflgn.

The next day we (tood into the road of Pifco, as
I had defigned, where we difcovered what appeared to
be a large (hip. We bore down to her, with a rel'olutd
defpair, and laid her athwart the huwl'e ) but, to our
great fatisfaflion, we met with no rcfift.uice, and weie j-^^^, ,^5 ^ ,^^^
received by the captain and his officers „ith their ha'-; j^ij Mana.
off', in the mod fubmiflive manner, afking for quarter.
Before we came up, I bad ortlercd our boat to inter-
cept theirs, which, was going on fliore. The men
clapped her on board, but not holding fad, the y fell
adern, and could not fetch up with her a;:aiii j fo
that in this boat we lod every thing that nii;j;lit have
been valuable in the prize. She was a go(Kl (hip, of
about JOO tons, called the Jefu Maria, almoll l.ulen
with pitch, tar, copper, and plank, but nothing elfci
The captain ottered me 1600 dollars for her raiifom,
but, in my condition, I could not give ear to the
propofal. He informed me that the Margarita had
been arrived fome time at Callao, where Ihe had given
a full account of us ; that the captain of her and three
more were killed in the engagement, and the pried
and feveral others were wounded ; he laid (lie was
ready to put to fen again, with an addition of ten
guns and 50 men, to cruifc for us, and moreover,
that the Flying Fifh, a frigate of 28 guns was alrc.idy
out with the fame intent. Upon this advice, having
cleared our bark we g.ive her to the Spanilh captain,
and, as foon as the breeze fprung up, we weighed
and went to fca, and in going out met w ith our boat,
which left us in the night : they edged towards us,
imagining us to be Spaniards, by which means wc
got them again. The two fellows in her were almoll
dead, having had nothing to cat or drink for three
days, and had jud been afhore to kill feals, in order
to drink their blood. They had no excul'e forthem-
li'lves, but that they fell aflcep, and the faint breezes
of the night had wafted us awiiy from them,

Pifco being forty leagues to the windward of Cal-
lao. I kept clofe hauled till I had gained two degrees
ofling, and kept that didance till we had got well
to the northward of Callao, and hauled In again for
the land, a little to the fouthwnrd of Truxillo, and
looked into the roads of Malabriga and Cheripc j but
fe-eing; no (hips at thofe places, f palled between the
illands of LohosdcTierraand the continent, and, on
the 25th of November we found ourfelves near the
Saddle of Payta, where, having made fome prifoncrs, I
examined thcmconcerning the condition of the town,
which they anfwered was very poor at prel'ent, having
neither money nor provifions in it, and (hewed nie
a fmall bark on the (hore, which Captain ClippertoM
had fent in a little while before with fome of his pri-
foncrs, which had given them fuch an alarm, that
every thing h.id been again removed into the coun-
try. This unwelcome news did not hinder us from
keeping on our way, with our Spanilh colours flyings
till we came to the place of anchorage. No fooner
was our anchor down than I fent away Mr. Brooks
with both the boats armed with 24 men ; no more of
them, however, appeared than thofe who rowed, anJ

two

104

1720

THE VOYAGES OF

.!^

two or tlirec Titters in each, the reft with their vms
lying ill the buttom ut' the boat. Thus they .idvaitccd
towards tlic town, without giving the leait umbrage
to the ii.hubitaiits, who were lb thoroughly pcrfuatleil
of our beiiiK Sp^uiiardt, that whcji the pioplu IjiideJ,
thoy I'ounJ tliuchiUlrcii phiying on (he b^'U-'h, who ran
away at the fight of ariiiitl men. In an inllaiit the
whole place was in conlulion 1 the town was ilelii ted,
and nothing lel't in it, but a icw bales ofcoarli' cloth,
about 5CO ol' dried dog lilb, two or three pedlars packs,
iuid a trifling quantity uf bread and iMett meats,
fo that nc unluckily had but little employment for
our boats. As we lay at anchor, we took a boat with
about 50 jars of Peruvian W'ine and brandy. The
mailer of which told us he was come by ftcalth from
Callao, there being orders that nqnc but ihips of
force fhould liir out. This man was the firft that
acquainted me with Captain Hatlcy's being taken.
From this place we diret^ted our courfc for the illand
of Gorgona, in the bay of Panama, and in our palF-
agc thither built a wooden cilterii, big enough to
hold ten tons of water, wherewith to fuuply our want
of cafks, as without the help of fome fuch contrivance,
we Ihould have but little hopes of ever being; able to
return home. In our way, we made the iflanuof Plate,
Cape St. Francis, and Gorgonella ; and on the 2d of
December v.q came to aji anchor to the leeward of the
northcrnmoft point of Goreona, witliin lei's than a
quarter of a mile from the fliore. Here we had the
advantage of filling our water cafks in tiic boat, the
water running in linall llreams into the lea, and cut
iIo'A'n our wood at high-water mark ; fo that in lefs
than 48 hours we had done our bufinefs here, and
hurried away to fea for fear of thefe who might be in
queft of us.

Having got out of the track of the enemies, we con-
fuUed on tlie bell methods of proceeding, when the
majority were for going directly over to the coaft of
Alia. Upon which we changed the fliip's name to
the Happy Return, and applied all our endeavours to-
wards abandoning thefe coafts ; but the winds and
currents were avcrfe to it; and thofe who oppofed our
departure clandeftincly, did fo much damage to our
ciltcrn, that the greatell part of our water leaked out
This, together with continual contrary winds and
dead calms, which detained us till our provilions were
milch exhaufted, rendered us incapable to undertake
fo long a run ; and therefore to furnifh us.with what
we wanted, I propofed a defcent on the ifland of
Quibo, inlat. 7''4o' north, where, by Captain Rogers's
account, I guelFcd there mull be people who lived in a
plentiful manner on the products of the country.

On the 13th of January, we anchored between
Qiiibo and the Ifle of Quivetta, in a fandy bay, com
modious for wooding and watering. The morning
after our arrival, we faw two large piraguas rowing
in for Quivetta with Spanilh colours flying, and after
a little debate whether it would be prudent for us to
attack them in our boat or not, it was now refolved at
all hazard, to go after them in our yawl. This en
terprize was commanded by Mr. Brooks, who found
the men on fhore, and brought away their piraguas,
nnd two prifoners, the ones mulatto, the other a ne-
gro : The reft fought for refuge in the wtxjds. The
mulatto mortified us very mucn, by telling us that a
velfel laden with provifions had pafled by us in the
night ; but, to make amends, promifed to condufl us
to a place where we might fupply ourfelves without
nny hazard, provided wc were not above two or three
days about it. No news could be more welcome to
us J wherefore we were very brifk in getting off our
wood and water ; and on the 19th of January, we got
I'afe in between Mariato and the illand of Sebaco, and
anchored in fix fathom water, over againft a green
field. Our guide defired we might be going three
hours at leaftl>efore day light, and faid that we fliould
be in good time at the plantations. Accordingly I
embarked at two the next morning in our own boat,
nnd ordered the two lieutenants in the two piraguas,
Ifcaving my foil and a few men with him to take care
6

of the (hip. Our guide cai rieJ ut up feme part of
iho river S. Martin, ami out of that into kveral u-
runchcs of vtrycuiious tMetks, anion;; mangroves,
where we had not room to row, which in:ule me lul-
ped heli.idnorooddelign iiiliisbtadi but We landed
jull at day bieuk, in a line lavanHah 01 phiin, and,
after a march vi' about llircc miles, came to twi>
farm-houfcs, the owners of which had made tliiir cf-
cape, except the wife and children of one houfe. The
place anfwered the man's defcription, being furround-
ed by numerous herds of black cattle, hogs, and
plenty of fowls of all forts | and here wc found fnmc
dried beef, plantains, and Indian corn, and were fup-
plied with a wholfome breakfall of hot cakcaiid milkj
a diet we had been lung unacquainted with. When
it came to be broad day, 1 faw our fliip clofo by us,
upon which I alked our mulatto how he came to bring
us fo far about ? Ho anfwered. There was a river be-
tween us, and he did not know whether it was ford-
able or not. I therefore lent fome men to try, who
found it was not above knee-deep. VVhireture, to
avoid the trouble of carrying our plunder fo far as we
had been led, I ordered our boats to row down the
river S. Martin, and to come to the beach ovcr-againft
the (hip. We had not been long here before the maf-
ter of the family we were with, being anxious for their
fafety, returned, and made .-in offer of as many of his
black cattle as we (hould think fit to require, which
offer we kindly received; and he brought us the number
we thought wc could favc ; for having but little fait,
ami not being able to Ipare water, to Keep them alive
when at lea, all our demands were modeiate i and the
few we required were killed as fuon .-is they were car-
ried on board. Their fle(h we prelcrved, by cutting
it into lung flips of the thicknefs of a linger, and
then fprinkling it with fofinall a quantity <if l:ilt, that
we did not ufe above four or five pounds to an hundred
weight : I'lien letting it lie together two or three
hours, wc hung it up to dry in the fun, which per-
fei^ly cured it, and that better than it could have been
done any other way. Having done all we propofed in
coming here, we departed, with our decks full of fowls
and hogs, among which there was one with its navel,
or fomethine like it, on its back. The Spaniards
fay, that when wild in tJie woods, this is a terrible
animal.

On the 25th of January, we made a fail about twoTIicir-nenini;
leagues to the leeward of us. We gave her chacetill with tiiijjxi-
wc found Ihcwas of Euro|)ean ftru.ituro, when, fear-'""-
ing (he might be one of the enemy's Ihips of war, I
clapped on a wind, and, in ha! fan hour after, it fell
calm. Soon after we faw a boat rowing towards us
which proved to be the Succcfs's pinnace, commanded
by Mr. Davidfon their lirft lieutenant. Our firli in-
terview was attended with equal altonifliment on both
fides : he could hardly believe that he faw us in (n
mean and forlorn a condition, and I could fcarcely
believe that the Succefs (if in being) had been all this
while wandering up and down thefe leas. I entertained
himwitharehearl'al of theconftant run of misfortunes
which had befallen us in the long interval fince we
feparated near the coaft of England, till our prefent
meeting that day. He on his part, entertained ma
with feveral remarkable incidents, which had happen-
ed to them in the courfe of their voyage.

[At this time Mr. D.ividfon, in (hort, pivc a
relation of all that had pall'ed on board the Succefs,
from the time of their feparation ; in the courfe of
which narrative, according to Captain Shelvock's ac-
count, Clippcrton loft many opportunities of bene-
fiting his owners ; hut we have already remarked how
glad thefe commanders were of finding matter of com-
plaint againft each other. While they were thus dif-
courfing, a gale fprang up, and they bore down to
the Succefs. The reader has fecn Clippcrton's ac-
count of this matter, we (hall now give him Cap-
tain Shelvock's relation of their various meetings in-
the South Seas.]

Here, fays he, I gave Captain Clipperton and Mr.
Godfrey the agent general, the whole hiitory of my

voyage

i.-L

«»»

CLIPPERTON AND SHELVOCK.

««l

voyage hitherto, and exiKiSlcd that I (houl J have been
treated by thcni as one liclungini' tu the lame intcrcli ;
but found I was miftakin ; for tlicy were unwilling tu
have any thing tu do witli mc, fuKc my Ihip was
loft. However I conceived that he could not be fo in-
human aj to deny mc thclupply of fuch ncccHariesas
I wanted, and he could conveniently fparc. The
anfwer I had to this was, That I (houKI know more
of his mind the next day. Amongft the reft of thedif-
courfel had with him, hetoldmehcwasjuitcomefrom
the ifland of Cocoas, that his people were fickly and at
Ihort allowance. Upon this, I offered my fervice to
pilot him to Mariato, which was not above thirty
league* diftant from us, where he might rcfrefli his
people, and fupply himfclf with what he wanted.
But this was not accepted, he being rclblvcd to make
the beft of his way to Trcs Marias, where he faid
there was turtle enough to be had. So I left hin> for
that night. The next morning, as I was going on
board of him with fome of my officers, he fuddcnly
fpread all his canvas, and crowded away from us who
were in the boat ; upon which I returned to our fliip,
and made fienals of difirefs, and fired our gun fcveral
times, whicn was not regarded by him, till his very
officers cried out on his barbarity ; and, at laft, he
brought to. When I had failed up to him (being
exafperated at fuch inhuman treatment) I fent Mr.
Brooks my firll lieutenant to know the rcafon of his
abrupt departure, and to tell him that we flood in
need of feveral neccfTaries, which if he was not in-
clined to give, I would purchafeof him. Upon thefe
terms, he fpnred me two of his quarter-deck guns,
fixty round fhot, fome mufquct balls and flints, and a
Spanifh chart of the coallof Mexico and part of In-
dia and China, a half-hour and a half-minute glafs,
a compafs, and about 300 weight of fait ; but, with
all the arguments I could ufe, I could not prevail on
him to rp;ire us the leaft thing out of his furgeon's
cheft for the relief of Mr. Coldfea our mailer who
had been ready to die of his wounds received in the
engagement with the Margarita, fur above three
montlis pad. When this was concluded, I again
alked him, if I could be of any fervice to him, and
aflurcd him, I had a pretty good fhip under foot,
though the made but a poor figure, and believed I could
hold nim w.iy, and that he knew our cargo was pretty
valuable. Toull thisheanfwered. That if I had a
cargo of gold, he had no bufinel's with me, and that
I mufl take care of myfelf. Mr. Hendric the agent,
and Mr. Raincr and Mr. Dodd, lieutenants of ma-
rines, feeing but little profpe£l that we (hould ever
get home, and being weary of the work impofed upon
them, defiredl would let them go on board the Suc-
ccfs, for a pallage to England, which I complying to,
they went on board accordingly, and Clipperton left
us to fliift for ourfelvcs, near the ifland of Cano.
Having purchafed this fupply, I was for going to the
fouthward Into the Bay of Panama, to try our fortune
there, but the majority oppofed me through fear, and
were for going to Trcs Marias, to fait turtle there,
and then to flretch over to India. We dire£led our
courfe thither, and a few days after, met with the
Succefs, in qued of Sanfonnate, where they expected
to receive the Marquis of V ilia Roche's ranlom. That
nobleman had been fome time a prifoner with them,
and his wife was now at Guatimala, a city within
thirty leagues of that port. We ranged clofe under
their flern, ami afked how Captain Clipperton and the
rell of the gentlemen did; but it Was not thought proper
to return an anfwer : Without any concern, he fleered
one way and we anotlier. After this, calms and con-
trary winds and unaccountable currents, reduced us
to a very finall allowance which wc were obliged
to diminifh daily, and ihould have been in greater
difirefs than ever, had it not been for the turtle
which we took upon the furface of the water ; we had
a continual look-out for them, and tliey were eafily
known at a great diflance, by the number of fea-
birds that perched oi\ their backs. Upon fight of
thefc, we uCed to lay afid« the advantages wc might
Voi. I. N" 10.

have made of the wind, to enibi.icc tlu opportunity
of prolonging our provifioiis. Upon the wliolt,
though we lofl fome of our way In putliiit ot turllu
after this manner, it w.is not the (!;reatcll inconveni-
ence that attended us j the drefBiij; ut a made a greater
confumption of our water, the quantity of which
Jecreafcd upon us very fuddenly, by the continual
ufe of it in boiling the turtle with plam;iin flour.
'I'his relapfc into a flate of fntnine, threatening us
with a certain and fpecdy perdition, if means were
notufed to avert it, made me proiiole the plundciiiig
of fome finall town, as we coalled along the fhore.
Uuatuko was the nearell port j but the very morning
we were fleering in for this pl.ice, at fun-rife we f.iw
a fail a confiderable way to the keward of us. We
thought it would be belter to take tlii fliip than to vm-
ture on fhore ; and therefore we b'lre down to her,
and fhc, in the end proved to be the Suctcl's. We
now met with a double baulk, both as to uur hopes
of Guatuico, and the ihip) for uc were, by this
accident, got to f.ir to the leeward of Guatuico, thit
it wasnecJiefs to beat up fo f.ir u|t;aiilt the wind upon
an uncertainty, when wc had a gale, that had it con-
tinued, would have carried us to fume better port.

But the winds were only a few hours propitious,
and, fuccccded by perpetual contrary gahs, dellroytd
all our hopes, and brought u» duwn to a fniall
earthen plate of calavances, [or garavanees] for
24,hours, which not being fufiicieiit to keep us alive,
we had recourfe to the remainder of our fnioked con-
gers, which had for fome months been negledcd, and
lain foaking and rotting in the bilge water. They
were certainly as difagrceable food as ever men eat.
Under thefe calamitous circumftanccs did wc meet
with the Succefs a fourth time, near the port of An-
gels i and, after having made the appointed fignal,
we Aood fo near to one another, that, to ufe the fca-
phrafc, a bifcuit might have been tolled from thip to
fbip, but we did not change a word with each other ;
for. Captain Clipperton, as I have fince been in-
formed, had ordered all his officers and fliip's com-
pany to take no notice of us : and though he was fo
truly fenfiblc of the difficulties and hazards we had to
cope with, if our dcfigii was to go fur India, that he
faid, the child that was born the day before, would
be grey-headed with age before we fhuuld arrive there,
(by that cxprefTion intimatini; that it was impoflihlu
for us to do it) yet, notv^ithflanding he, without
any rcmorfe could lee us on the brink of fullering the
greatefl hardfhipsour ill fortune could load us with,
and not lend us a helping hand to deliver us from
the impending ruin.

Thus furrounded on all fides by prcfent want, and
threatening difallers, we, on the 12th of March, be-
ing off the port of Acapuico, taw a fhip between us
and the (hore: 1 bore down to her, till, perceiving
her to be a large European built fhip, with Spanifh
colours flying, I concluded (he was the Peregrine,
which, as I had been informed, had carried the prince
of S. Bueno, who had been viceroy of Peru, to this port,
in his way to Spain. With thefe fufpicions, being
as yet unwilling to run ourfelves immediately into the
enemies clutches, I hauled my wind again, which
he feeing, pulled down his Spanifh, and hoilled an
Englifh enfign, and made the fignal agreed on be<-
tween Clipperton and me for knowing one another.
Had they been in any other part, I fhould have been
fo far from any thoughts of fuch a change in him,
th.1t I flioiild have looked on all his fignals as the ar-
tifice of the enemy ; who might have acquainted them-
felvcs with them by the information of fuch of our
men as they had taken prifoners i but now, making
no doubt that it was he, I bore down to him, and,
being come along-iide, he fent Mr, Cooke, his fecond
lieutenant in his yawl, with an obliging letter to mr,
to inform mc that he was cruiflng for the homeward-
hound Manilla (hip, and defiring that I would affifl
him in thecnterprife, and come on board of him the
next morning, propofing an union of the two (hipe
companies : 1 was very well pleafed with (his offet,
V ( ■ and.

l7io

%■'

ibi

THE VOYAGES OV

17J1

ftml, witlinut litfit.iiion, fcnt him word that I would
lie v.-itli him c.iily. In the mc;in tiitic, I nail over hi»
litter publicly to my people, aiiil txhortcil them to
C'Mifulcr the gii'.Tt briu'hts thnt would accrue to uj on
nil (iilis fr(m\ it, upiin which they all exprtHeil the
Inoll refignecl williiii;iicr« to join iri the iimlertakinp
liut as Clippcrtoii h.i.l ufcd us (a unhandlomely bc-
I'ori", iheydelired I would jict them Come fccurity tor
th'.ir ftiiires, ligurd by Captain Clippcrton, Mr.
Goi'lVey the ngint, and the reft of the officers. I
went on hn.iril, and, nccordinc to their rcqucft, Cap-
tain Ciipperton and Mr. (Jodtrty immediately drew
up ail inltrumcnt fully worded for the purpolc, and
thty, and ;;1! the other officers figned it. 'I'his was
all my people wanted to make them eafy.

We then proceeded upon our main buflnefs, and,
after mature deliberation, it was thought moll ad-
vifiable, ih:'.t 1 fliouKI fend the createft part of my
men (in board the Succcfv, a» Toon as we faw the
Manilla lliip, come out of Acapuico, and leave only
a boat's crew with me in cafe I ihould have occaflon
Jo make ufc of my (hip as a fire-fliip, or a fmoker,
which we jointly propofed to do, if wc found the ene-
my too hard for us j and it was determined to board
her at once, as wc fliould otherwife have much the
word o( it, on account of their fuperior weight of
metal, and the better capacity of their (hips, which
are built very ftrone, to bear a cannonading. Ciip-
perton afliired me, he was certain of the time when
(he would fail from the port, which the Spaniards fay
is always within a day or two after Paffion-weck, of
which we had a fortnight yet to come.

Before I returned to my own fliip, I acquainted
Captain Clippcrton with our flcnder (lockof provifion,
but particularly with our Ihortnefs of water 1 he told
me he had 80 tons of it on board, and he would fpare
me as much of it as I would have, or any thing elfe
his fhip afforded. I had now the pleafurc of oeing
redored to my command in as regular a manner as
ever ; every one, from the higheft to the lowefl, ex-
prcfling the fatisfaiflion he had in the profpeft before
us i but Morphew, that ringleader of all diforders,
fcarin" my refentment, thought it was the beft way
to inlinuatc himfelf into the favour of the Captain and
officers of the Succefs, which he did efFctStually, by
an humble, fubmiffivc outward deportment, and pre-
vailing prefcnts, in (hort he had his end, and left me ;
but, the next morning, Mr. Rainer, Who adled with
us afterwards as captain of marines, came on board
of us, to vifit his old (hipmates, and fo continued.

Thus we cruifed in good order, and with a great
deal of hope, until March i;?, when, towards even-
ing, Ciipperton, contrary to his ufual cuftom, (Iretched
a-head of us about two lea:;ues, without lowering fo
much as his top-gallant-fail for us to come up with
him : I cou'd not but be a little ftartled at this, as
being quite contrary to his ufual method. However, I
kept ftanding after him, as I thought, in the night,
till wc wee almoft in with the breakers on the
fliore, which, of courfc, obliged us to tack, and
Jiand out to fea again, admiring all the time that
we had had no finht of any (hip near us ; which laid
me under the moll terrible apprehcnfions, conflderine
the bad condition wc were in, for want of water, and
the vaft diftance we were from any place where we
could expefl to get a recruit of it, having now no
choice left, but cither to beat up 200 leagues againft
the w ind, to go to Tres Marias, or bear away a much
more confiderable diftance for the gulph of Amapalla,
or the Ifland of Cocoas.

But notwithftandingourdiftrcfs, I kept ourcruifing
flation for him two or three days, at laft it was re-
folvcd to bear away to the firft convenient place to
water at ; and, in troth, it was time 5 for we were now
above 40 men, who had but three butts of water for
a run of ;joo leagues, and upwards, on a coaft fubjcA
to long calms, variable winds, and uncertain currents.
It was afterwards told me, that the night Clipper-
ton left us, he aflembled all his officers, and told them
it was his intention immediately to quit the coaft.
6

His officers rrmonftrated to him on the barbarity of
doing this without acquaintini! I'.iptaili Shelvoek with
his intention^, and (nartng ui fome water, but he put
(ift'theirfiriouscxportulations with an inhuman fiuer,
fayinjr, 'I'hat if I ftjould, ihiouch want, bco6lige«!to
fuiruider to the enemy, I fhotild only fhare the fame
fate that, perhaps fome others hatf met with befoijme.
Thus this man, perhaps, through an cxccfs of
mcan-fpintcdncfs, and dreading the engagement with
a ftiip ih.it was alwavs known to defend itiilf with
fome obftiiucy, ncelc^ed as fine an ppportunity at
moll of our nation have ever had, of taking this Inip,-
which, (as I was informed by fome Spaniards from
Manilla, when I was. in China) came out of Aca-
puico, about a week after we left the cruife. [The
reader will obferve, wli.it a different account of thii
tranfaftion is given by Captain Ciipperton, and will
probably cimclude, on the whole, the commander*
were once more heartily weary of one another.]

On the 30th of March in ine evening, we enterrj
the road of^anfonnate, and, as the fun fet, faw a ftiip
at anchor there. It being a moon-light night, I
fent the tirft lieutenant, with fome of the beft hands,
to difcover what this Ihip might be. On his return,
he informed mc, (he was a Targe one, of one tier of
guns at leaft ; I neverthelefs continued to ply in all
night,and prepared foradlion. Atday-light we found
they had hoifted a jar of powder, containing aboat
ten gallons, with a lighted match, at each main and
fore-yard arm, and at the bowfprit end, with dcfign
to let them fall on our deck, if we boarded them.
This contrivance, if it had taken elfeA, would have
foon made an crd of both (hips, and of all that were
in them. Seeing them fo dcfpcrate in their prepara-
tions, I expected a warm difpute with them 1 and,
by what I could fee, they were in alt points, by much
fuperior to us in ftrength.

At eleven in the morning, the fea-breeze came in,
and ran us upon them very faft, whilft, our fmall
arms were brifkly and rffeflually employed to
break their powder iars, before we came on board
them, which we did without delay, and, after the
exchange of a few fhot when on board of each other,
they fubmitted.

This (hip was called the Sacra Familia, of 300 g^i,,,,!^^, ^^
tons, fix guns, and 86 men, befides a oieat number taoilmt fliivr
of fmall arms, with fome grenade (hells and (hot.
She had been, fome time arrived from Callao, la-
den with wine and brandy j but had now nothing in
her but fifty jars of gun-powder, and a fmall parcel
of rufk, and jerked beef: in (hort (he could hardly be
faid to be worth the trouble we took, and the rifque
we ran for her, but (he was reputed to be a better
failor, and was vifibly better fitted out than our own ;
therefore I changed (nips, and we all went on board
our prize, which was equipped in the warlike manner
we found her, and commi(Koned,on purpofe to take us.
A merchant (the efcrivan of the (hip) beine on
board, defired we would fell him the Jcfu-Maria,
which we agreed to, and fent him on (horc to raife
the money for that purpofe. At night he came olF
with another Spanifh gentleman, and brought us a
letter of advice from the governor on (hore, fignifying
that there was a treaty of peace on foot between their
Britannic and Catholic Majefties, which was what
we had not before heard of. However, I fent to the
governor, fignifying that I (hould be very glad to fee
the proclamation and articles, and that thereupon I
(hould be ready to obey the commands of my fove-
reign. So we came to an agreement with the gover-
nor to lie in the road till he fent to Guatimafa (50
leagues diftant) for thofe papers, provided he would
fupply us with water an^ provifions. On the 5th
of April, the governor fent on board two papers,
which by the beft interpretation we could get of
them, did not appear to us to be in the form of pro-
clamations. Wc told thofc who brought the papers
on board, that we were in great want of an inter-
preter ; upon which they laid there were fome
knglifhmen at Guatimala, whom they would lend

fur

-^5*

cLlPPERTON AND SHELVOCK.

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for, if (♦c would flay three days for them, and
that they wntild I'upply uh with water and provifions
for that lime i which we a(;iriil to, and they dt fired
we would fend uur biMt on llinre every niotjiing lor
a fuppiy ; accordingly wc fcnr her on the 7th iif
April, with our tirlt lieutenant, Mr. Brooks, and
five men. 'I'his officer, men and boat, the governor
detained under a flag of truce, and, at ni(^ht, Centort'a
fmall boat with two of our men, with a letter fium
himfeir, and another from Mr. Hrooks. The govern-
or's lettei lignifietl. That if we did not deliver upowr
(hip to him, he would declare u> pirate* i an I Mr.
Brooks by his, informed me, it was his opinion that
the governor was endeavouring to bully inc into
a furrender, having fpokcn very ambiguoufly of a
cefliition of arm!!. Notwithllanding which, I lent the
governor a letter fignifying, that if we could be fecurcd
of a fafe and fure cundudt for ourfelvcs and ctt'c£is
to Panama, and fro;n thence, by the way of Porto
Bcllo, be conveyed to any of our Uritifli plantations,
we would come to a farther treaty, which if he In-
tended, he was defircd to fignify by firing two guns
as foon as he h.id received this advice, and by fending
back my officer and men ) and if not, necelTiiy would
oblige us to fail. At three in the morning (the go-
vernor having (hewn no fignal, nor fent any word)
wc weighed our anchor, yet lay to, in the bay, till
ten, but then made fall, being forced thereto for
want of water ; having, however, no other intent,
in cafe of the certainty of a peace, than to deliver
up the fliip wc were now in, at the firll convenient
|»ort, as was fignifud to the governor by letter.

Being now got out to fea, we reduced ourfclves to a
pint of water for 24 hours each man, and diiciflcd
our coUrl'e to the gulph of Amapalla, which was
about thirty>-five leagues to the E. S. E. of this place,
in order to cii a freih fuppiy. The lofs of my of-
ficer and boars crew fenlibly diminiflied the number of
white faces ; and wc (hould have been fomuch weak-
ened by it, that wc Ihould never have been able to
manage this great ftiip with her heavy cotton fails, if
wc had not t.iken with us our negro prifoners who
proved to be very good tailors. The lofs of our boat
W.1S alf:) a very great inconvenience to us ; but as I
only thought of taking in water enough to fcrve us to
Panama, where we were fully refolvcd to furrender,
if it was really peace, I imagined we might make fliift
without her, and get fuch a quantity as we might
want in two or three days time. The w inds were fa-
vourable, and wc arrived there on the lotli following,
in the tvenMg. As foon as we entered the gulph, we
found ourfclves in the middle of 'rvcral fmall iflands,
one of which was the Id and of Tygers, where we ex-
pcdlcd to find water, but our expedtation proved vain ;
for, after a hazardous and fruitlefs fcarch not only on
that, but on fome of the grcateft of the other iflcs,
there was not the Icall drop of frefll water to be found
on any of them. In this niiferabic condition, threa-
tened on all fides with inevitable deftru<5tion, unfit for
the fea, fearful of trulHng ourfelves in the cruel hands
of the inhabitants on Inore, quite difpirited by the
continued courfe of misfortunes, which had hitherto
been our conftant attendants, but above all, lament-
ing this unhappy baulk, in not finding water » here
wc fo much txpefted it, which had reduced us to fuch
extremity as wc had never known before ; in fliort,
ready to fink under the burden of our calamities, we
weighed our anchor on the 1 3th of April before day-
brc.ik, and flood out from this gulph. And now,
having the open fea before us, I brought my people to
thcobllinatc refolution not to furrender on this part of
tliecoail, let the confcqiiences be never fo miferable.
Upon this unanimous agreement, without 40 gallons
of water in the (hip, and no other liquids to fuppiy the
want of it, wc came to lb fmall an allowance as half
a pint of water for 24 hours ; and even this allowance
was too large, there being no place that we knew of
where wc could get any more, n'-arcr than Quibo, to
which ifland, (about 200 leagues diflant from us) we
Ihapcd our courfe ; but having very uncertain winds,

for

and weather, we were ijdnys at tlii< .iIIi-w.ukp. f)uf
fulferings from the extremity nf thirll are h.inlh to lie
conceived ; Some drank their ou'ii wiitcr, to iiil.iy 'he
burning hc;it within them ; but thr)Ugh tjuy nimlt-
ened their mouths, it iiKrcarnl thtir inlfery : foiiic
drank large dr.iughts of lta-w;iter, «hlch w.is iv ar
putting a period to their llvts, v.liilrt others Ci't jult
enough of the cal.iv.iiice'i innilKn il withu.iter, tu
lultain life ; and tliefe fufteied the Um\.

At length we were fortunately relle\td, by I'.illiit;; In
uncxpcfiedly with the illaitd of Cano, in iiititiii'e
9' north) where feeing a run of water, Mr. Rand.ill,
without dreading the J.uwrous furf, palled thiuii^h
the breakers ; and, to the unfpeakable joy of the com-
pany, foon returned with his jars filled ; but as he
could not bring oft' more th.m 60 or yo gallons, I took
care to reftiain our people to the proper ufe of it ; al-
lowing to each man only a quart for their imniedi;ito
ufe I and I was the more liritl^t in thlsdillribution, be-
cauic Mr. Rand;ill allured me tlie breakers were lb
dangerous that he believed we Ihould not he able to get
any more. Being willing, however, to make another
trial, the next day I fent the boatfwain to endeavour to
procure a further fuppiy ; but after wadin;; the wholi:
day, in fearch of a fmooth beach to hind upon, ho
could not fee one fpot where he could venture oti
(hore. Therefore, thinking wc h.id (lock fuilicitnt to
carry us to Quibo, I weii>hfd anchor, and, in ranging
the ifland, I accidentally difcovcred a fmooth bvacli,'
where the boat getting on ftiorc, the crew filled nine
jars, which laded till We arrived at Qiiibo, where wij
anchored, at the f.ime place wc h.'id twice .iiichored at
before. Here we confulted about furrenderin'^ourfelvcH
to the Spaniards, being within 80 leagues uf Panama*
a place of little or no llrcngth towards the fea, and
but little frequented by the enemy's fliips of war,
where wc could treat with them at a dllhuice, and be
truly informed how affairs ilood in Europe. During
our deliberations, wc wooded and watered at Icifure ;
and fome fearched the woods for fruits torefreflt us, by
way of preventing the fcurvy, which we had been
all along lefs fuhjeiTl to than any fliip I ever faw or
heard of in fuch long runs. Thofc who were thus
ufefully employed, brought us papas, guavas, calfia,
limes, and a fmall kind of white, four plumb, which
was much eaten, and admired bv moll of us ; but,
by its violent operation, put a flop to our proceed-
ings for fome days. However, wc foon recovered
without any bad fymptoms, made an end of wooding
and watering, and let fail, fully determined to furrender
at Panama [So after did they change their minds in
regard to this circumftance.J In our way we palled
by a great many fmall ifiandsj but the mod remark-
able were, Montuofa, Sebaco, and the IHe of Picara,
which lies on the wellern fide of Quibo.

On the 1 5th of May, a fmall bark taking us for
Spaniards, bore down to us, the mailer of which
was in the grcateft confternatioii when he found hii
miftakc, but recovered when he heard we were bound
to Panama to furrender, and readily oftered his pilot
thither i his vcflel calletl The Holy Sacrament, being
bound to that port, laden with dried beef, port, and
live hogs, and as Ihe was leaky, defircd I would take
her in tow. I was glad this bark fell into our hand;,
and ready complied with his requeft ; becauf.-, if we
found the governor of Sanfonnate's account to be
falfe, we might be thoroughly enabled, by this help,
to go to India. In the mean while it had remained :i
point yet undetermined, which (hould be the perfon
intruft'ed with the flag of truce ; for my people hav-
ing known much treachery, were apprehenfivc that the
perfon who might be fent, would only or chiefly
make good his own cafe and that of his friends to the
governor, and not care what became of the men. At
Fall, my fon was judged the fitteft to go, as he would
farcly return, if it were only for my fake. Other
difficulties were darted that could not be fo cafily re-
movc'l, notwithdanding which, we kept on our way
fully fixed in our refolution.
On the 17th of May another fmall bark came down

upon

io8

THE VOYAGKS OF

i7ii

upon ui, but hdving ftt>o<l pretty near tu ui, (he bore
iiw.iy ii;;.!!!)! uiul rjii on Ihore iliredly, at the ha/anl
ur the lives of every foul un board. Thii uthcrwile
iin.iciiiuiit.itilc bi'h.iviour give ut good leafun to be-
lieve ih^i tlu' guvcriiur uf Sanruntuic't account ul a
celllilioii olarnii wi> grouiidlel!!.

On ihe ijih of May we law a I'.iil a-heaJ of u»
l).iniliii|j aluiig (horc t »n>i bcinu dcCnous uf ijuMking
Hiih lur, I Ul go the bark uc had in tow, and made
all the (ail we could after her. We gained very little
upon hiT all the day, but had, neverthclef>, got a
gnat way a-hcad of our bark, whercii) were 4 of our
iiwn people and 5 Spaniard*. Huwever, notwithOand-
111; ni|;ht cjine on, all our fail was kept abroad, and
ii.\t iii.'iniML; we were within gun-lhot of her. I ini-
iiK'.li.iitlv oidcred our ciilourn tobcfprcad, Hredagun
1.) IcL w.iid, and fet a man to wave a flag of truce i
but, on fight of iiur Englilh enfign (he tired at u»,
,iiid l» continued to do, with her decki full of men,
alniliiir Us with the arolIKt .ippellatmns. I made no
ruinn'till 1 came elufc upon lur quarter, and then
1 lent one of trteir couiiiiyiiu'n 10 the bowlpiit end,
to inlorm them, in Spaiiith, That we were hound to
l'.m:inia, and defired to treat pe.ire.ibly with them,
aiul hoped at Icall they would have fome regard to ihe
wlv:e A ig wliich they f.iw flying, but they ttill con-
liiiucd their file i and pii fuming, as I fuppuftd, by
our iiuict beh.iviour that we were unable to defend
ouifelves, they weie preparing to bo.ird us, whirh 1
nofooiKT iKrceiveil than 1 {tive tlieni fowarin a f.ilute
that the\ (leered round oH' Irom us. We iull miflid
•^e'ting hold of them ( hut, it filling almoll iniinedi-
alely c.ilni, we eominui-d our cii;;a.;enieiil lor the
fpace of iivo or three hours. At length, a biiefi
M.ifliiL; us nearer to them, we found that as fall as
v\e approjehed, fo faft did their courage cool. I'lieir
c.i])tain, however, (llll bravely cncour.iging his peo-
j'l,', and expoling hinifelfiii the oixnefl manner, w;i,s
(hut tliruiigh, and dropped down dead, on which his
piople inm.edulely and with one voice, cried out for
Hii.irter, and put an eiul to the difpule. Mr. KanJall
anil two or thrcL- more went on board the pii^e, ami
Inmd the prili.iurs in the moll fubmillive pollure,
.il'is!ii_' for nurcy, which was graiitcil, though they
I..11I no gre.it iialoii to expeiil it, alter then direct
In.iih oi the laws of arms and nations, in firing at
a 11 1;; of truce.

rill' mud coMfiderable prifoncrs being brought on
I'l.irJ, iiifornicd me, that their (hip calleil theConccp-
I .Midf RiCii.i, belonging to Ciill.10, wasof ;iOO tons
biiiJcii, and l.idiii with flour, loaves of fuwr, bales
r,( h.iMs of Marmalade i jars of prefcrvtd peaches,
j;r:ip.>, lime-, and the like. She mounted fix guns,
iiiul li.id upwards of 70 men on board. In this cn-
i:.i'.;iiiii nt only the .Spanlfh captain and a negro were
kili.-.l .iiJ one or two flightly wounded. (Jn our part,
our .■uiuur wis llightlv wounded by a piitol ball, and
on niain-niaft had a (light piece carried out of itsfiJe.
\Vc li.iu now about eighty prifoners on board, of all co-
lours, thoii'h we oiirl'elves were but 26. Among thefc
priloiurs were feveral cd' note, particularly Don Bal-
t..///ar de Aliarca, Conde de Rofa, an European
nolilem.ui, V. !io had been governor of I'ifco, and was now
ii|ion his reiiirn to Spain, together with Captain Mo-
r^l wh > had formerly been taken by Captain Rogers,
rill y wie all treated with the iitmoft civility j .md
this ihev the more wondered at, becaufc, from a felf-
i ■nviclioiiof their own ungenerous behaviour to us,
ihey could not but expect to have been dealt with
Ijilile otll; rwilc.

Ihe wild; and calms prevented our joining the
lli.ly b.ii.!.iiiK-iit (the priie we li.ul left behind us) till
tiK- 2i'\ ol M IV, when We bore down to her, and were
lui j.iil.d tu liaJ no foul on board, but her decks and
iiiurti-is c.nacd wiih blood. By many circuinftances
ii pl.iiiil\ ijV) ired lliat theSpanilh crew had butchered
liiofc who lu'id 1)11 n lift to affilUhem, while they were
ailetpj oilunva'e It could not have happened that
tive un.iiiii:J Sp..iii.;id.-. could have overpowered four
tiii'Iillain.a coti.pUuly provided with aims for tjieir

defence. It ii very probable, however, that llicf*
murdercra paid with their lives, the loit ol ihofelivet
they h.id taken «way | (or, being above four league*
fiom the land, and having no boat with them, thry
probably juin|>i'd into the lea on our approach, teai-
ing, if they fell into ou< liandi, to meet ine veiigianco
due to fo horrid a crime. That p.irtiif the deck whult
wat dyed with gore ihey endeavouied to cover, by
throwing the fliK'ki and liuHingii of liedt over it 1 la
that till theli: were removed, the bltxid wat not to bo
lecii. Thin tiagical accident put a damp to ihu
pleafurc wc had enjoyed for a day or two pal), on ihu
account of our late prize. Our prifoneri, at luch a
fail and fuilden change, began to be alarmed, and
looked at one another a* il they all cxpeiitcd to bo
the vitiiiini of our revenge upon this unhappy occa-
fion. On the other hand, I was fearful le(t thefe ap-
prehrnfions (hould urge them to fomc defperale at-
tempt. In this dilcmmi, I ordered all the prifoncrH
into the ftern gallery, except the nobleman and fonie
of the chief ofticers, and a guard to be kept in th«
cabin. The Spmilh gentleman obferving this, let
fall fomc cxprelhoiis, whereby I perceived they Mcro
afraid I intended to jiroceed to feveritiet towards their
people J but I allured them, that if I were of fore-
vengeful a nature, the laws of my country forbade
my indulging it ) that I acted under my king's com*
niand, and that the natural abhorrence our nation had
to barbarity, might quiet their fears, and make thcnt
perfectly eafy. T"hey then, on their part, in the moft
folemn manner, difclaimed the molldiOant thought of
an attempt upon our lives, and alfured us, on their
honour, that they never (hould he able to make a jull
return for the generous treatment they had met with.
It was however prudent to fecure our prifoncrs of the
meaner fort ) and, when wc had fo done, we hauled the
Holy Sacrament along-lidc of us. She was half full
of H ntcr, and the cieater part of her dried beef waa
wet and fpolled. We alfo took out of the Concep-
tion a twelvemonth's piovifion of bread, flour, fugar,
.iiul fwcitmeats, and a like proportion tor the fauc-
et Is, uhieh 1 ex|>ccted to find at the Tres Marias,
being then a (Iranger to Clipperton't faithlefs deler-
tion. I likewife took from them their launch and
their ncgros i for, confidering we had a large (hip, and
a run ot 175" of longitude to fail, which was little lefs
than half way round the world, I thought we could
do no other than to reinforce ourfelves with thefe
blacks ; and indeed wc afterwards found that we
(hould never have reached the coafts of A/la without
them.

Having thus fupplied ourfclves with every thing
the Conception aliorded, I fuffercd our priloners to
return to their own (hip 1 but the chief of them would)
not leave us till they had drawn up a writing which
they figned, wherein they acknowledged the circum-
(laiices of our engagement, in the manner I have al-
ready related. In fliort, no people, circumilanccd as we
were, could part in a more friendly manner than we did.
Thus were wc put by out defign of furrendering,
and were going to take a lonn; voyage to Afia. Our
itrength was indeed confidcrally augmented ; for we
had 15 guns, and ammunition fufficient to fupply
the n : But before we proceeded any farther, it was ne-
ccflary to get in a full ftock of water. The ifland of
Quibo was hazardous for us, being too near Panama,
it w.is therefore determined to ply up to Cano, where
we fonn did our bufincfs. In our paiTage thither, the
fweet-meats of all kinds, which we had taken out of
our late prize, were divided among the melTcs. It Inp-
pciied that one of the failors one day complained that
lie had a box of marmalade which lie could not ftick
his knife into, and defired it might be changed. I
opened it, and found it a cake of virgin filver, moulded
on purpole to fill fuch boxes ; and being very porous,
it was nearly the fame weight as fo much marmalade.
In overhauling the reft, we found five more of thefe
boxes. This was a contrivance to defraud the king
of Spain of his fifths, which he claims In all the lil-
vur taken out of any of the mines of Peru, W 1:
J ilo'.ibili'i*

Mtih.

lilt s

•<l Cllll

Ihtir

CLIPPERTON AND SHE LVOCK.

»»f

M«thn.ti nf doiibtlcCt left * ftttt manv of tluTi lioxet behind u> i
lilt 8pa*Ui>lifQ that thii (leceu lervcd fhcin in » doiiblf cnpjcily to

•hti'i"uf»furi '''^'•'"* *'**'' '''"B" "fllc^ ". "id blind ihiir iiirmii*.*
'"I muft here obfi-rvr, th.it cvuv ibiiig we took in ihi-
Conception wa> divided .tmonuit u<, according to the
Juan Vernnndez articles, und that I had no mure
than fix, inftcad of fixty (h.iri*. They would not
To much n« allow me the inum-y I had laid out at St.
Catharines, which was upward* of inol. I had
fnmc difKcully to perfuadc them to run to the north-
ward lb far ai Calilurnia, and wan obliwd to ufc many
argumentii to prevail upon thun to believe thut the
harbour of Puerto Scgiiro was the only pore of fe-
curlty where we could fafciv lay down iuid refit our
(hiu i but having at Lift ubtained their confent, I
weighed from Canu, fteeriiig tu liiu northward, and
had favourable gales for 48 hours, but thenc.imcon
■^ theconltant, or what may be called the trade winds

^ on thin coart, which were as contrary to us at tlicy well

could be. I was willinj; tn try how far off thd'e wind>
might prevail, which in my opinion, may be called
the eddy of the true trade wind, whofe cuurfe may be
prevented by the inlerpufltinn of the vaft muiintaiiiuus
continent. Accordingly, I found that, at the dif-
tance of fixty leagues, wc had light, variable brce/cs,
and that at the diftance of between fevcnty and eijjhty
leagues, the wind fettled at E. N.K. and N. L. 1
therefore kept at this diltance fiom the land, till we
had run up tu the height of 20" north lat. In all this
pafl'agc we were nut in the Icaft renfiblc of any cur-
rents, and entirely out of the way uf certain riplings
and ovcr-falU of water, which wc frequently met
with near to the land, and which often furpriicd us
when we were becalmed in deep water. I n our courfe
wc were accumpanied by vaft ihoals of filh, and were
continually incommo<lcd by numerous flock* uf the
birds called Uuobies, making our fliip their refting
place, and fouling our (hips and yards with their
dung, .-IS faft as we could clean them. However fur
change of diet, fome of my people made ragouts of
them, and the finokers made ftems for their pipes of
their large wing-bones.

We fell in with Cape Corlentes in the beginning of
the month of Auouft, and were carried away to the
Tres Marias by a hard gale at fouth, and came to an
anchor under the Ice of the middle ifland, but could
fee no fign of the Succefs having been there. After
a tedious I'eerch on all the three iflaiuls for frefli water,
there was nothing like a ftream on it that wc could
find. This was the more extriordinarv to us, as one
or two of our late navigators reported that frelh water
was to he found there in plenty. It might have been
fo when they were there, but wc were unfortunate
enough to feck when there was none to be found. Af-
ter employing three days in a fruiilefs fearch, I
ftretchi-d over for the coaft of California, and.-irrived
there on the nth of Auguft. The inhabitants, as
foon as they difcovcrcd us, made iires all along
the ftiore, as the fhip ran by them ; and, towards the
evening, it falling calm, two of them cameoft'to us
on a bark-log, but were a long while before they would
accept of our invitation to come on board of us. At
length they ventured in, when, in a moment, feeing
our blacks promifcuoully ftanding together with thc
white men, they with very angry countenances, fepa-
rated them from us, and would hardly luffer them to
look at us. They talked to us with great vehemence,
but we could comprehend no more of their meaning
than that they rejoiced to fee •<%. Night coming on,
they took their leave, and wc gave them a knife or
two, an old coat, and fome other trifles, which feemed
to pleafe them very well. They expreflcd themfelvcs
by figns in fuch a manner, that we could giiefs they
gave us repeated invitations to goon fhurc with them.
On Sunday the 13th of Auguft, at day-break we
Vol. I. N" 10.

* An affair, ai Tcxatiout at ihii, ilic captain fays, wai dif-
•ovcrol I'Ki late, on Iward a prize uktn l)V tlie Succifi, where
Ihay fuuml a coorulcrahlc quantity of virgin filver in ilie form
•f Mcki, plaiflcrcd ovir witli i:Iay, wliicli had l>c(a dried inthi

fbund ourfilx-s near Puirt" Si-Mirf», fiir'oumliJ hy
niinibi.r« of dn.ill entbjrl iiiiiii> of the iiih.ihitani>,
whik (111. ftr waseiowilid with liwli. 11-, whole mim-
hcri vilibly 111. .'f'^d by multitude', u hi< h flui ked to.
gethir fiO»>< tlic iulj.*t^iit part*. Our .iiuhor \\.t\
no fooner down, than fl'^y run'* "ft' to ii« in lho;il«,
Come few on lh?if b«rk-lo|*, but inoft of tlmu Iwiin-
miii?, talking, *fld calUnj out ttj "' v another in .»
eonliil'l manner, bu< li**+ as plainly ihf*rd how ile-
firous II , .vire to tome |i> ii« Our (hip was in an
inft.mt r.ill ' ''.rle Iwarthy afntli'men, ijuite ii.iked i
and amfing tlw icii was then king or thiif man, wlio
iinexjieiK'dl)' delivered 'o ik hi] battim or eriliirn i>l
royalty, which I immeii,j"|y ritiiriied to hini. fhii
m.in, ii'itwiihit Hiding tlie wilJni'ls of hii> appearance
to ui, h.id a good countenance^ and hi> neh:iviuur
had tomrthing th.it was cni'.igiiig in it. I was r.t tlrl^
at a lufs how to entrrt.iin our numerous guells ; tmt
at length I thuiiglit uf regaling tliein with Ionic of
our liqtiid Iweetrncats, which we h.id in great plenty.
Thcfe they liked extremely, and the fpiioni, which
were moftly filver, they returned with gieat honcfly.
Having thus comniencisl a friendfhip with them, at
day-break the next m«tniiig our boat went on Ihure to
cut wood and fill water ; and before the fun was up,
we were. igain crowded with cur former (.'iiefts, wlio
feemed at if they would never be weary of g.iring at
u<. I ordered a great boiler to bu carried on ftiore,
with great ftorc of flour and fugir, and a ne(;roco<ik,
who wascontiiiu.illy bulling uf^hafty pudding for the
numbe-is of fpiftators on the beach ) and it really be-
hovcd us tu keep in their favour, for on feeing a few
uf our men rolling great and cumbrous caflcs uf water
over the heavy fand, it inclined them to help us. I'o
this may be added a fenfe of the kind treatment they
met with from us, and the particular readinefs of their
chief to ferve us, by (hewing his people n goodex-
.-imple ; for, after Mr. RaniTall, my lieui<-nant, he
himfelf took up the fecond log of woo<l, to carry to
the boat, and was immediately followed by 300 men,
who encouraged by his cximpir, all took to the work,
repaying our civilities with their (ervices } and every
day they were more and more fond of u<. Mean-
whilc tnc rumour of our arrival was fpread through
all the neighbouring parts ; and fome uf the clans,
diflivrcnt frum thofe that inhabited the (hores, came
daily to take a view of us. Thole who came from
any diftance in the country, could not fwim ; and
that they were different from thofe we had firft feen on
our arrival here, appeared by their manner of paint-
ing themfelves, and fcveral other little diftimStions
that were vifible among them ; but they all united to
aflift us } nor were any of them idle but the women,
who ufed to fit in companies on the fcorchiiig fands,
waiting for their (hare of what was going forward,
which they received very thankfully, and without
quarrelling.

Having done all our bufinefs here in the fp.tcc of
five days, on the i8th of Aiiuulf we prepared lor our
departure in the afternoon. \Ve employed the morn-
ing in making a large diftribution of fugnr amongll
the women. To the men wc gave a great many
knives, old axes, and old iron, which we had taken
in our prizes. Thefo w^re the moft ufeful to them,
and of which they ftood moft in need ; in return for
which, fomeof them gave us bows and arrows, dcer-
fkin bags, live foxes, fquirrels, and the like. A
great many of the men ftaid in the (hipall the while we
were purchafing our anchor, and it was not till we
were under way that they all jumped overboard to join
the lamentation* of their countrymen on (hore.

The men in this fouthcrn part of California are

tall, ftrait, and well made ; their limbs are large ;

their hair is black and coarfe, and barely reaches

down to their (houlders. Their women arc of a much

U g fmaller

fun I (t))« only confiilsnce they give their bricki in thcfe pirti>
a great number of ihct'e had been tbrown overboard u rubbilh,
nor waa ii difeovcred whu they were till they cam* ts tht four
ot five lall pieces of this curiaut ceisfsfiiioiw

I7il

- Kj»' -^fBt'v

ll«

T il E VOYAGES O i'

'il

rmullcr Ct/x ; their lair is much longer than tii': mcnsi
and with it !'>..iie of their faces arc alnioft covertil.
'I'iie men go quite naked, and have not the leaft tiling
to cover any part of them except their heads, round
which they wear a band of red and white fillc crafs,
wlii«h hangs down to their knees, and have either a
deer's ikin, or that of a larec bird curioufly wrapped
round their fliouldcrs. m)thing can be more wild
and favagc to look at than thcfc people at firft fight :
but there is a wide difference between what they
("ecin and what they really arc ; for, by all we could
ilifccrn in their behaviour towards on-j another, and in
their deportment towards us, they arc endued witii
great good nature. They feem to lead a carelcfs life,
and to enjoy every tiling in common among them :
hai ing nothing but their daily food to provide, they
arc Grangers to thofc numerous gratifications, the want
of which multiplies diftrcflcs among nations more
civiiifed and more refined. Their contentment makes
them honeft, for they never offered to ileal the things
moft ufeful to them. In a word, they feem to pafs
their lives, according to the notions we have of tiie
purelt fimplicity of the earlieft ages of the world, be-
fore Jifcord aiicl contention were heard of among men.
Having no enemies, they live in perfect peace and
harmony with one another. Hunting and tifhing are
their only employments, except making the inltru-
ments, they iife in thefe purfuits, which arc the
fimpleft that can be. They have no canoes, and go
to fea on bark-logs j hut they are the mod expert
divers I ever beheld. By their fimple manner of liv-
ing, and their continual cxercil'c, they live to a great
age, and yet, whut is furprifii.g, they do not ap-
jicar to be \ery numerous, confiuering the extent of
tli-iir country. 'I'hcir ni'Ay enemies arc the wild beads ;
and of thefe there arc plenty in the vyoods and forcAs.
They do not feem to be fo jealous of their wo.-ne.T as
they have been rcprefented ; for we had the com-
pany of ibme hundreds of them, young and old, with-
out any rcllr-iint from the men. 'I'wo things were
remarkable, that the)- never would fuffer us to tukc
tnuff, but would carneftly take it from us, whenever
*e attempted it ; nor would they ever fuffer us to look
tlirougli a fpying-glafs, which I had frequent lefjrt
to, to fee how our work of wooding and watering
went on. In thcfc two inftances they always took
upon them to controul us, and in thefe two only, the
caufes of which we could never learn. They go out
(o fea on the bark-logs above-mentioned, which are
«nly compofed of five logs of a light wood made faff
to cacli other by wooden pegs, rowing with a double
p.iddle J and with their harpoons (which are made of
a fort of hard wood) the ttrikc they largeft albicores,
and bring thcni in when (truck. 1 his was altogether
furprifing to us, who had fo often experienced the
ilrength of tliat fifli, and the difficulty of getting
them into our Ihip, when either hooked or ijruck.
One would imagine, that as an Indian had (truck one
of thefe Albicores, it would run away with him and
his bark-log j but they either ftrikc them fo as to
give them a mo(^tal wound, or have fume particular
way of managing them ; for they ftruggle and refift
in vain. When we were in this port, it was apparently
their fifhing feafon ; but by the number of deer-fkins
one tecs among them, it is natural to conclude they
have .alfo their Icafon for hunting. T'hc fkins of their
deer aie grey, and fo are alfo thofe of their foxes and
(quirrels,of all which it is likely they cat indifterently,
as of moll other animals that become their prey. Of
birds we faw fcarcely any among them except a few
p?licans. What thefe Indians ufe inftead of bread,
is very remarkable. It is a fmall black fred, of an
oily (ubflance, which they grind, much in the fame
inanner as wc do our chocolate. The look of thcfc
black lump; or rolls, fo made up, is not very inviting,
yet the tafte is not very difagreeable. When they
want to drink, thev go to the river.

Their arms are bows and arrows, the former are
about fix feet in length j the arrows feem to be fomc-
uhat too long for the bows. Their bow-ftrings are

made of deer's fincwj, and their arrowi are compofed • ■ •){

of a hnliinv cane, for two thirds of their length, the . ;

other third next the point, ii of a heavy kind qf > '

wood, with a piece of llint, and fometimes with a ' •■ ' •'- '
fortofaMte, the edges of which are indexucd or cuf
in teeth Tike a faw. They made no nxiiuier df fluiif
of their arms to us ; and it was rarely that we ikw tlunH
in the hands of the men. The women had them in
the woods, in fearch of game, which may there be
prcfumed to be fomc part of their cmploymeikt. Upon
the whole, they may be faid to be a happ) people.

Sailing form Puerto Seguro, as alreadAr- mentioned,
we took our departure from Cape. St^ Lucas on the
evening of the j8th of Aiigufl, designing for Canton
in China, the mtift likely place to meet with Englifli
ihips homeward bound. On the 2i(l wc difcovcreJ
an ifland bearing W. S. AV. about no league* dif-
tant. I endeavoured to get in with it ; hut, night
coming on, I coi4ld not lofc time to view it. I'lii^
ifle my people canted after my name. From hence wi;
(leered gradually into the parallel of 13" noJ'th lat.
but h.id our courlt; (topped tor two or three days by
wederly winds. We were allonifhed at fuch an un-
torefcen delay, and began to dread th;it we might
meet with many fuch rcverfes of wituls in this paffagc{
nor could wc conjciturc or conceive the cauic of
them. In the midff of this, the ufual irade-winii
prevailed again, and delivered us from the fears an4
apprehenfions in which we had been involved upon
the occafion. With this we proceeded on our palTagc,
keeping the parallel of 13° north lat. except when we
judged ourfelves to be near the (hoals ot St. Bartho-
lomew. We then ventured to fail a degree mor«
northerly, and fo continued to do for a run of Co or
70 leagues.

[A fortnight after they left California, Captain
Shelvock's people who had hitherto enjoyed their
health, grew fickly. This he attributes to the quan-
tity of Iwect-meats eaten by the crew ; and to the
dried beef half devoured bv the ants, cock-roachcs,
and other vermin. — The latter is the mo(l probable 1
and perhaps a great number of the diltempcrs that ..f-
fliil voyagers and travellers in the warmer climates arc
owing to the baleful cffeiSls of infe£is, their eggs or ex-?
Clements, fwallowed in corrupted meat, or had water.
At this time they lolt their ingenious armourer, who
had been fo ufeful to them in con(lru£ling their bout,
and with a fickly cicw they had likewili: a leaky vef-
fel.]

Under thefe circumdanccB, continues the captain,
we met with bleak and difnial weather, with tcinpef-
tous winds, flying and varying all round the compafs.
Thefe boifteious gales raifed fuch a tumbling fea, aiut
oL. (hip laboured fo much in it, that the knee of he(
head, and her whole beak-head became loofe ; lb that
the bowfprit fetched away, and playlnl with the motioH
of the (hip, which \l continued to do a!l the time that
we were out at fea, and till we arrived at Cantou.
Our mainmaft diKxl for finne time without (hiouds on
the larboard fide, till wecoiiUI Unlay our belt liable tt*
make more, having knotted and fpliced the old (iirouds
till our labour was in vain. In the midd of all tliu»
ficknefs and didrefs, I myfclf was taken violently ill,
and had no hope to recover, till a fit of the gout gave
me fome relief. Great was our want of every thing
fit or comfortable for pcrfons in fuch a date of fiek-
ncls ; yet, about the beginning of October wc pafl'ed Tl.i.y pjf, l,y
by Guam i and, though upon the very brink of pc- '■"•'"ii and
ri(hing, we durd cot venture in, fearing that the in-
habitants (hould take the advantage of our weaknels, '
and make fome attempt upon our lives. From Guam
we diiedled our courfc for the ifland of Forniofa.
And now, ihoiich the length of our voyai^ewas dc-
creafing very fall, yet our ficknefs was incicaCiig upon
us in a much grcatc;- proportion ; and moll truly it
may be faid, that both our (hip and ourfeKcs were no
longer fit for the fea. It was the 3d of No' ember be-
fore we had fight of the iHand, and the icth before
we could get any fort of dirciftions to inible us tq
reach our intended port. At length, as we vcrc pafting

. tluought.

iijiiit

re lu I-"or*

inula.

.11. [

.1*.

l>~

C L I P 1' E R '!• O N A N P SHE L,.V () C K.

through a viiy i.-iiow chaiiiK:, between a couple. of
iflaiids, n fiflacniiaii tpvk iHtici, by our wulious Uiji)-
ncr of ,v\orkii)jj th;>t "c n<;r'^ lh;uii;ti;b, ,ai)tl piaijcjjig.-
liulsto uiito hrjug oi.li- fliip to, till Kc eiiniH|Up to u»i
v.hi a \\x in.iJi; liim unucfUiU'.J iiii^tr.cpil thati '.vc s^ ere
bound to Macao, and lie then made a figh.thut, lie-
would condutl us thitliL-r, if wc H'oul^ give him a.^
many pieces of ll'vtr as he counted little fiflics out of
his bafket, whicli amounted to fixtv. We accord-
ii.yly counted out forty dv)Ilars into a hat, and the next
day lit- took Ui into charge and anchottd us fafe in the
ro;id of Macao near tUe rive-r'of Canton.

[As we'havi; giVell our readers in Capt. Clipperton's
vo)a!:e-, the relation of his affair at (juam, we (hall
here piefent thcin witlj Capt. SUehock's account of
tluit bujTincfs which he fifys,, he had from fevcral of
the Siicccfs's peeiRlt tliat ^^HK o^ to him while h?,
wa-s ill tliefe parts.] V • '■ ' • .,

SI I d' A "^'"-y '•"'^ ""^ (Giys he) that tVir , commander
corn.M,! Clip! Clipp.Stlou,; left me'defigncdlyi that they wc"t di-
fierions alljir reitLy to.Guani, wl«.rc they were very well lefrcthed,
«i fjmin. and fupulied with pro^jGoiiSi that their captain, fpld
thcgovu-nuia gieat tju-u'itity of powder and Ihot, and
I'cveral ji^jec valuable tliinj^ y iyid that he pcrmij[tc4
hispri/b^itVi thcMurq^i^■ of Villa Roche, tp go, ^p
flioxe th'(,ie :' ^"IiatMt. Godfrey tfic ajjejit, aiid,a mifp,
rine officer, went ta fettle the accoimts for what i\\^T\
ply of thiuijs. tlicy had had i and that, as foon «s they
\yere landed, and the boat, come oft" again, Captain
Clippertou weighed with his fbip, in order to attack a
(hip of 20 guns from Manilla, that had lain quietly
in the gtoud with him all the time, . In approaching
her, hf ran His o-,vn (hi^ a-ground, and foon found that
the enemy v.-as prepared, for him ; his condition being
tlien defpcrate, and fuppofing the lofs of his (hip int
cvitable, he had recoUrfe to his calk of brandy, and
took fo abundantly of it that he fell on the deck, and
fjiorcd outhii time in a beaftly manner, whillt his
iirll lieutenant, Mr. Davidfon, in his (lead, undertook
the command of the (li'ip, which he bravely cxccujted
till, he was killat. , He was fucceedcd by Mr. Cook
the fccond lieutenant, who made a handfora? rcdft-
a'lice, and got the (hip a-Hoat again, after (he had lain
on the rocks forty-eight hours. It was ae'.Jcd that their
tlius loling the Marquis Villa Kochc, and alfo Mr.
Godfrey th,c aient^gencral, together with the officer
that went on (norc, gave thp4Jiip's,cpn^p.;iny fo much
(lifta(tc, that jthey would , not if^ff{:t hiin to have thf
command ^f^hcra any ^bnj;;u-, bu^, locking him up
in his ciibiif,. chofe Captjin Cool^ to take charge of
tlie (hi)). It Teems, they had much bad weather be-
twi^ Guiiin and Amoy in China,' to which Ult.place
they got wi^h great difficulty, and there made a divi-
dend of all thev had taken, hplf to the owners, and
half to the fljip s company. C^ipperton dcfigncd for
the ftreights of \L'^cca ;' but his people, fearing jhfl
had no good uvtent^ would go no fu ther With him
than Maciio, that being a Chriftian port. Upon their
arrival there the gov^nor ordsrcd ,Clipp6rtv^ .,,ipto
cuftoJy. It fe-ems lit had brokca_|>rifon ,jforracrly
t'roin thence, being confined upon having, rail; ^yvay
with Damgicr'scommiiruin, and one of bi« prizes*.
But upon proilucing bii> majcfty's comnti^nion tui;
ilic Huceefs, they gave him uu (iirther trpubJp, and
oul^' contented tJiemftlves with flecciaghim jjlittk,
Here he fold the Succefs for loool. (ferling. [il.h^
ilift^irent relation of faitsgivui by thefe voyi'ga'b, can
<):ily he accounleJ for by the (jhaniiel of ipl'onna;tioii,
.i^J by the h|vj;teTatc liatred vyhich they borp to ca?h
tithcr. In .the circiimftanccs jull' rejat^.^tif j)fo-
bj>le die account f^itcn iu Clippur^n's voyage an4
confirmed hy^ Mr. Taylor his chief mate, is tnoretoi]
be depended on tiian that u hich Captain Shelvock de

'I lie rf.iil!r will oklerve lierc, tliat Cipiain Cllpperton, or
Clippliio:iin, whole vovaecwc have related, was the fame man
w)iu, wi(li a hark of ten tun^, having two malU, two fiiuarc fails,
MvUtvn^iataiarocs, left Captain Danipior, in the vcar 1704, on
the coafl uf Mexico, and, alter inluliini Uia I, cxa, undertook
to fail in her 1 uund half the globe, lie look in provifioni at

Ijvcr^ by iK^^-layjiOnJ haf .pofTibly t::n;^e-ri(ted v.ith
all thebitti-nH-fs of,^^,ii\jdc'jnviviiHler.] ', „

Ahiiut,,p,Q(jii^,cyii(i;:,izi!i vf November, ffiontitnies
Ke)-4, p.Uki't (;!;!ipe|ol][^'^!^,U>, ajid we imri'.ediati'Iy we.yli-
fd, an|J cntcr{;d the ,»-fj(er of Ci'iiion, when; Imaihg
the Boiiita an^'Haftihtr's,' t,wo'EngIiili coaflingfliip-,
I anchored. ,'aii4 f«iH<>/J an officer, to defire them to
ijinrudt us how to bchiive on'rfelves in this part, and
to acquaint me will), tlte ijijftojps o.' it._ J'o this thiy

cordingly did the next day. I how thought 1 w.i;.
going to reft a, little from my, bbpur ; but, to my
niisfortunc I fuffercd as mitch here, all cii;cuijm;'.i:ek.b
iconfidered, as thiid in any former , p., i^t «f inyi((\va^:u ;
For, the evening, wtf anchored at Xv ;^nipyj ..\v,here the
Englifh (hips commonly Ijc, there liapj;ei)oJ an acci-
dent that gave occafioii to much trouble. One of my
men, being in fa hurry to remove his eiTecl^ cu boaid
theBonita, was (lopped by a Hoppo, or cullom-houl'c
officer, tha; waj^tcd to make a leare'i. The fellow
being in liquon,' and fearinK they w.yuld take aw.-y the
Alyer he hajcl witli himi fircd-a mufquet at the purlfei,-,
ant^ ki^ieij the officer. pai;ly't)i<; pcxt iiiornlng the
(;orpfe was laid at the duor pi'one of the Englifh houfes
ot fa(Jtorics, whcTe Chjnc^j: pffi^jeis appointed for that
purpofc, waited for the nrll confiderable Englifhn.an
that (hould con;? oijt, withpiit regard to whom this aol
of violence and n^urder was to be imputed. ItJiap-
pened that one of the Fupercargocs of the Bonita v\ as
the firil that came out ; Uim they fci-icd,, put him in
cliaihs, ?nd led him, by way of example, about the
fuburbs of Canton. All that could be faid or done by
the moft confiderable of the Chincfc merchants th.u
were in commerce with the Englifli, av.iiled nothing,
till my man who cpmmittcd tljc i\\ci was delivered to
them, and foon after the Boiiita's fupercargo was rc-
leafed. ,It Is the cuftom .-it Caiuonto exaiil a certain
funi of jiioncy from all (liips that come there, accord-
ing to their mcafuremcnt, which is divided into rates
or ppnions of firft, fccond, and third. I therefore
every day expelled the Hoppo to come to meafuie
,n>y (hip, but was given to undi-rftand that I muft go
up, to Canton, before that could be. done, though
cv*n at the hazard of my life. I accordingly went,
and ftaid two days at the Cidogan's f.iclory, during
which time I was hourly alarmed by fuch (lories as
made me fear that I (^oul^, indifpofed as I was, he
dragged away from my bed, and put in irons : but, at
the end of two days, I was obliged to go down .igaiii
ifltf) tiic.Alip, to, be jircfent at the inealyrqment, and
a di>y aiterwards the Hoppo came, witli a numerous
retinue, and feemed todohjsbudnefs very quietly, but
would not let me know what was the luiii he in-
tended to e*ai!i. 'I'his ga\c me much trouble ; fur 1
began.to think the Chinefe^ through a falle teprelenta-
tioi) of our great riclicis had :.n intention to gratilv
theirilove o| nijoney, by a heavy impplltioii, and in
this I was not jnillakcn. 1 ^lad not been here many
days bcA)re I vyasdefertite! by all my;Officeis, and lhip'>
cciu)|>aii}' who were contiaiually emploved in removing
tlvsir clte|iJlj from on board my (hip to fome of the
£yr9pcan)j,,,w/4vawt,»iiy knowledge, as I was then
cMibiied to njy b?d. My officers were engaging the
Indian gentlcnitei^ in their intcceft, and left me and my
(poi with:'a few neg^ps, ;to look alter the (hip. In
jQ^ort, iny pe^plf: tud '.fp many ways of difpofing 9f
theif efie^^st^thikt it was impomble to oblige them to
do %v|>>it I (bould h-we thought jullice to the ecntla-
ipcn in England and tu myfelf. In a word, tll^/

were

the Philippines, tlien he failed to Pulo Condore, and from
thence came to Macao, where, .-is Captain Shclvock aflirmi,
half his crew were hanged for pliatei, and afterwards found
means to Ket on hoard an Eaft-lndiaman at Canton, and thus
got liii (lallage home, arriving fafe in England in ihcyttr 1:07.

r-'

■-.■■.■■»(|pP4-

'THE VOYAGES Of, &c

1 72 1 were nil foon recovered of their illnefs by the alGftance
*^VX^ they met with here, and were become their own mailers.
The gentlemen who prcfidcd over the trade, fo little
coiifulcrcJ our cale, that tiny htd btlf a mind to tei\xk
me a paiFaM in one of their fliips ; and, in cfTeA, I
was treated by them almoft as one enemy might treat
another, in a neutral port. The Captains Hill and
Ncwfljam, when they firft came to fee me, were
aOonilhcd at the ruinous appearance of my fliip ; and,
when I had given tbcm a (hort hillory of my voyage,
and defired they would receive me with my elfcns,
tlicy anfwercd. That fince they plainly faw my ihip
<A .IS in no condition to ftir any farther, upon pay-
ing; our pall'.inc they would entertain us as foon as
ueplcifed. This I depended on, and expelled we
Ihould have no farther trouble than to remove our-
lolves at any time j but, on the contrary, I found
•.hat I had ignorantly applied to the wrong pcrfons,
■.<nA that my .'«ddrcfs Ihould have be«n to the fupcr-
cargoes ; by which meant I was then neglected, while
tlic Englilb captains were ordered to fall down with
their hvc fhlps, five or fix miles below us : Thus
was I left dcltitutc in the company of five foreign
lliips, whofe captains perceiving my own country-
nicii io carclcfs of me, were fo kind as to offer me
thi'ir fcrvicc, and aflilled nic with what they could :
Had it not been for them, I know not what I might
h.we fuffcrcd, for I was under perpetual alarms left
the Chinefe Ihould feize my fhip.—— Having found
my error in applying to the captains, and not to the
liipcrcargocs, I fcnt a letter to them, not to Jefire,
but to demand a palTngc for me, my officers, andihip's
company, which I was fenfible they could not rcfufc ;
Ani indeed they did not ; but their condcfcenfion was
accompanied with a charge to the Englifli Captains
not to receive any thing belonging to us, except it was
rnnfigncil to the Eall India company in England.
This was an article which my people utterly rcjiCled,
\(>.ving that they would as foon throw what they had
into the fen, as comply with fuch a demand. For
mv part, it gave me no concern, being confcious to
nivfelf that I h.ul intVingeil none of their nrivileccs.
At the fame time that I was acquainted with theirin-
tention of receiving us as pafTengcrs, I was alfo in-
formed of the Hoppo's demand tor anchorage in the
riier, which was no lefs than 6oco tahel ; and, to
quicken me in the payment ofrhi'.e\horbitantfum, there
was a penalty of 5C0 ailditional t.ihtl for every day that
we failed in the payment of it. In fliort, there were no
me-ans bv which I could evade this unconfcionablc im-
iiofitinn ; and as it w.ns a day before I could pofllbly
fend the 6000 taliel up to Canton, they required 500
t.ihol more, for ncglecl of payment. So that they re-
cei\ul from me, upon this extraordinary occafion,
the full fum of 6500 tahel, equal to 2166I. 13s. 4d.
of our Englilh money. This, it was apprehended,
was about Vix times as much as the Cadogan paid,
whicl- was the largeft Englilh Ihip there, and meafured
a third more than mine. It was now h^gh timt'togct
ou: of my ihip : but, before I quitted her, I fold her Tor
20cn tahel, which money, and the reft of my eficils,
were confij^ned to theEalt India company. Towards
the latter end of December, I failed in the Cadogan,
tommandcd by Captain John Hill, in company with
the Frances, 'Captain Newlham, who failing better
than we, left us as foon as wc were out at fea. Cap
tain Hill finding his (hip very tender, put into Bata
via, where we continual about ten days, and were
int.<imed there were feveral pirates in thofe fcas.
Tlirrcfore, when we departed from Batavia, wcjoined
the homeward bound Dutch Beet in Banum Bay.
T'he commander promilcd to aflift us in wooding and
watering at Mcw-lfland, the water at Oatavia being

very bad : But, on our joinine Captain Ncwfliam,
in the Streights of Sunda, the Dutch made it a pre-
tence for leaving us before we got the length of Mcw
Ifland, and Captain Ncwfliam alio dclerted us the
fame evening, fo that wc wcrs left to mirfchTS.

For feveral days we continued at Mew Ifland, dur-
ing which time feveral boats came off to us from
Princes Ifland, and brought us turtle, cocoa nuts, pine-
apples, and other fruits. Some of the people having
feen wild cattle grazing near the ftrand, went on flioru
to kill them ; but before they had advanced near
enough, they difcovcred a fmall tygcr, and faw the
track of an old one ; whereupon they returned to the
boat. From Mew Ifland wc had a very pleafant paf-
fnge to and about the Cape of Good Hope, which
was greatly owing to Captain Hill's good con-
duA, in coming in with the land be-times upon the
cafternmoft part of the bank, and keeping a moderate
diftance from the land, which I think never exceeded
a degree, aiid fomctiines we even made the land k-
felf. In this courfe wc did not take in our top-faiU
above twice ; once for a fqaall, which was over in
an hour's time ; and another time, being threatened
bv the appearance of bad weather. Captain Hill made
all the neceffary preparations to receive it ; which be-
ing done, he ftood in for the land j and, in a few
hours we had fair weather and a favourable gale, and
all our fmall fails fct at the fame time that there re-
mained great appearance of foul weather to the fouth-
ward, which continued for feveral days afterwards.
Though the Frances and the Dutch fljips had fevcn
days the advantage of us by leaving us in the ftrcights
of Sunda, yet we gained the cape as many days before
the Frances, though fhc failed fo much better than wc
did ; and, as to the Dutch fliips, there was no ap-
pearance of their arrival when we left the Cape. The
officers 6f our fliip, by comparing their accounts with
thofe of fome of the gentlemen belonging to the
Frances, found that flie had fuffcrcd a great deal of
bad weather, whilft vtrc, who were about ten feagiies
to the northward of them, or nearer the fhore, enjoy-
ed fine pleafant weather, and a fair wind, continually*
till we arrived in the Table Bay, which vas in the
latter end of March. This I fhould think of fufficient
weight for any other to purine the ftme track. Here
we found Governor Boon, in the London Eaft-
Indiaman, and fome others, bound for England.
From the Cape wc hud an agreeable paflage to St.
Helena, and from thence to England. We anchored
under Dungenefs on the 30th ot July, and the fame
night fome of the fupercargoes and paffengers, with
myfelf, hired a fmall veffel to carry us to Dover, whi-
ther we came early the next morning, and the fame
day proceeded towards London, where wc arrived on
the nrft of Auguft. Thus ended a long and unfortu-
nate V'~>yagc of three years, fcven months, and fome
days, in the courfe of which we failed very confider-
ably more than round the circumference of the earth,
and went through a great variety of dangers, both at
fca and on fhore. "

Such was the end of this expedition, from which the
owners promifed themfclves lb much, and which as
we have feen was defeated chiefly by the diffenAoti
th?.t prevailed between the commiflioners. Shelvock ap-
pears to have been the ableft of the rwo, but difplealed
with the flight cad upon him in the preferment of
Clipperton to the command he feems to have been
implacable in his refentment. The account we have
taken of his voyrtge, as written by himfcif, (hews hira
to be an experienced mariner, and an obfervcr of men
and manners. Both he and Clipperton in this voyage
contributed to extend the nautical kiiov.'icdgc of tne
navigators of their age and country.

mill I .IS na bi«j i ;i ■

THE

t "3 ] •

THE VOYAGE Of COMMODORE ANSON,
ROUND THE WORLD.

A War with Spain being rcfolved upon in the year
lyjq, two expeditions were planned by Sir
(^harles Waecr, then at the head of the Admiralty,
Captain Anion then out on a cruifr, was ordered to
return with his fhip the Centurion, to command the
one, and Mr. Cornwall was defigned to conduct tlie
other. As the fcheme was firft intended, two ftrong
fquadrons were to be fitted out. Captain Anfon was
to take on board three indepcndant companies of loo
men each, and Bland's regiment of foot (who was
himfelf to command the land forces) and \m to fail
round the Cape of Good Hope, to Manilla, in the
ifland of Luconia ; while Captain Cornwall was to
proceed round Cape Home, into the South Seas,
tliere to range the coads of Chili, Peru, and Mexico,
and when he had gotten the trcafures in thole parts
into his poflclHon, he was to join Captain Anfon at
the Philippine Iflands ; then they were to »St in con-
jundion, as occafion might oft'cr, nr wait for orders
from government to proceed on frtlh enterprizes.

It was the loth of September, before Captain
Anfon arrived in town. By the 13th of the fiune
month, he received orders to take under his command
the Argyle, Severn, Pearl, Wager, and Trial Sloop,
and to proceed to victual them with the utmoft ex-
pedition. They were ready to take the troops on
board by the end of December ; but when Captain
Anfon attended the board in January, he was told that
the intended Manilla expedition was laid afide, but
that to the South Seas, being ftill intended he fhould
command the fquadron. It was not, however, till
the end of June that he received his majefty'sinftruc-
tions, nor did he fail till the latter end of September,
by which unaccountable delay it appeared afterwards
that the Spaniards got full intelligence of bis ilrength
and deftination.

At length, however, the fquadron was prepared for
fta. It confided of five men of war, a floop, and
two vi£iualling fhips, namely. The Centurion, of
60 guns, 400 men, as commodore ; the Gloucefter, of
50 guns, and 300 men, Richard Norris, Efq; com-
mander i the Severn, of 50 guns, and 300 men, the
Hon. Edward Legg, commander ; the Pearl, of 40
guns, and 250 men, Matthew Mitchell, Efq; com-
mander ; and the Wager of 28 guns, and 160 men,
the Hon. John Murray, commander, befides which
the commodore had two viduallcrs, the Induftry and
Anne pinks, the larger of which was of 400, the
fmaller of about 200 tons burden. The troops were
ordered to be taken on board at St. Helen's, but
their numbers and ftrength were dimini(hed by the
delay before-mentioned. The deficiency in the crews
amounting to 300 men, was made up only by 100
people fcnt from the hoipitals, and a party of marines,
who had never been at lea. Indead of the three in-
ijependant companies, and Bland's regiment of foot,
as had been defigned, they had 400 invalids from
Chelfca, many of whom perifhed upon the voyage
before they nrrived at the fccne of aition. The ac-
counts we have of this voyage, are two, the one writ-
ten bv Mr. Thomas, the mathematical mafter on
board the Centurion, and by the Rev. Mr. Richard
Walters, who has explained many circumftances, and
from thefe relations ours will chiefly be extracted.

" Being quite ready, fays our author, about the
beginning of 1740, we put to fea three different times,
but as often put back by contrary winds, ; d ftormy
weather. At lad, on Thurfday tiie i8th of September,
we failed in company with the Lark and St. Albans,
two of his majedy's fliips of 13 guns each. The
king's (hips which joined us here were, the Dragon,
the Winchefter, the Chatham, and South Sea Cattle,

V-t. I. N' 11. , ....,..•..

',i

and near 200 fail of merchantmen, under convoy,
fome of which were bound to the Mediterranean, and
others to North America. We had at prefent the
command of the whole fleet ; and, this afternoon,
leeing a (hip to the S. W. we made the Dragon a fignal
fur chafing ; but (he proved one of our own fliips, too
far a-head of her dation. On Monday the 22d we
faw two fail to the wedward, and fent the Trial floop
to fpcak with them. They were Dutch (hips, bound to
Curacoa with foldicrs for garrifons there. The Win-
chcdcr, and South ScaCadle, with the merchant veflels
under their convoy, parted fromusonthe25th. And on
Monday the 29th the Dragon, St. Albans, and Lark,
with the merchant Ihips in their charge for the Me-
diterranean, did the fame ; and we had now no fliips
left in company but our own proper fquadron. I'he
next day we fpoke with a Dutch man of war bound
from Malta for Amflerdam. On the third of Odlober
we fpoke with two Englifli merchant fliips, and on
the bth with a French iloop from Rochcllc. On the
13th died one Philip Merrit, a common failor, who
was the fird man that we loft on the voyage. At fix
o'clock in the morningof the i6th, we faw land, bear-
ing W. N. W. at the diftance of about fix leagues,
and, at four in the afternoon we anchored in Fonchalc
Road, abreaft of the town, .ind about half a mile from
it. During this whole paflage, we had almod con-
tinual contrary winds, and boiderous, uncertain
weather, by which means a paflage that is very com-
monly made in ten or twelve days, took up thirty-
eight. Our bufinefs in this place was only to take in
water and wine, and fome private dock ; but foon
after our arrival, we were informed that they had feen
from the iflnnd 10 the wedward, about 16 or 18 fail
of fhips, for fcvcral d.iys together, which were fup-
pofed to be a junflion of French and Spanidi (hips of
war ; and, as we had reafon to imagine that our ex-
pedition had been long known, there was little room -
to doubt but that thole fliips were defigned to inter-
cept and deftroy us before we could attempt any
thing to the prejudice of Spain. On thcfc tidings, the
commodore fent out an Englifh privateer that lay in
the road, with one of his own officers, to fee if ihey
could difcover tliem at fea, and what they were ; but
flie returned the next day without having made any
difcovery. Captain Norris, at his own requed, on
accountof his ill date of health, with the commodore's
confent, quitted the command of the Glouceder, in
order to return to England. The Gloucefter was here-
upon given to Captain Mitchell, the Pearl to Captain
Kidd, the Wager to the Hon. Captain Murray, and
the Trial floop to Mr. David Cheap, our fird lieu-
tenant i and as one of the lieutenants of the Glou-
ceder had quitted with Captain Norris, our two
mates, who had long depended on the commodore, were
promoted to be lieutenants on this occafion. On
the afternoon of the 4th we weighed, and put to fea,
with all the fquadron under our command. An Eng-
lifli floop that lay in the road, faluted us with nine
guns, which we returned with five. On the 6th
of November, at four o'clock in the evening, w«
faw Palma, in 29° of north lat. and 19" 44' weft
long, from the meridian of London. The fame day
we fpoke with a French fliip from Marfeilles, bound
to Martinico, and the next morning with a Dutch
fliip bound to Batavia, the metropolis of the Dutch '
fettlements in the Eaft-Indies. Or. the nth, about
four in the morning, we crofled the northern tropic,
for the firft time in this voyage, in long. 24" 24' weft
from London. The Anne pink fired a gun, and
hoifted a red flag at her fore-t jp-maft head, to give
us notice of it. The next day all the lieutenants of'
1 H h .. ,.... : ^ , ■ . the

1740

THE VOYAGIE OF

1741

the fquaJron wen, by a fignal, ordered on board the
Centurion ) and orders were given to unload the In-
dultry pinJc, nud each fliip tq (alt «i) board' from hi^
their rcfpci^ive quotas of provifions ; in purAiance of
whicli wc immediately began to unload'lier, lying by
in tlie day, and making an ealy fail in the night. On
the 19th, having unloaded and difcharged the Induftry,
(he parted from us at eight in the cVeUing, in onkr
tu proceed for Barbadoes, whither ihe was bound ;
but the commodore having entered into a new con-
tract with themader of the Aiuto piink, the was de-
tained with us for his nk^ciiy's fervice, our IbipS being
too much incumbered to admit of taking on board any
more provilloiis at this tiftne. We criminl theequi-
no>^ti;il line on the 28th, about five in the morning,
in 28" 15' weil long, from London, obferving the va<
riation of the compafs to be 34.' eaft.

On the 2d of December, at eight i« the momiiig,
we faw a fail to the N. W. to which we gave chace.
At night we loll fight of her; next morning we faw
aiul chaled her again, but quitted her in the after
noon. We imagined this fail to be a tender belong'
ing to the Spanilh fleet, fcnt purpofely to gain intel
ligencc of us ; but, on our arrival at the Cape of
Good Hope, in our return home, we learned that ihe
was the Eaft-Iiidia Company's packet, bound for the
illanil of St. Helena.

[Thus they proceeded on their voyage, anchor'
cd on the 17th, at fevcn in the evening, at the ifland
of St. Catherine, and Tent a lieuteuant on fhore to
compliment the governor, and defirc a pilot to carry
them, who .'-eturncd a civil anfwer, and their requcft
was granted.]

Accordingly, fays my author, we weighed and ran
up the harbour, and, about noon, anchored in five fa
thorn and an half water, in a place they call Boon
Portoj but being ftill too far from the watering place,
we weighed on the 20th about eleven in the morning,
ami r.in f.irthcr up between St. Catherine's, and the
main-land of Hr;izil, and, in the s'.liernoon, anchored
and moored In live fathoms, about two miles from
the W2teriii;j place. The fame evening our firft lieu-
tenant went on fliore, with materials for building a
tent to Culti-r the people who were to be employed in
waterliiJ. Our Ihip's crew beginning to be very
ficklv, "tents were eredied on Ihore, one for every
fhip,' t'j which the fick were fent, with proper fur
gcons to attend t'lem. The at^ents for viAualling
were ordered to procure what proviCons we could ex-
p"nd during our Itay here, which they accordingly
did ; but though their meat, wliich is altogether beef,
was both cheap and plentiful, it was, for the greateft
part, carrion, and Icarccly fit to be eaten. The men
t!irou?,liout the whole fquadron began to drop off
apace" with fevers and fluxes, proUibly occafioned
by the violent heat of the climate, and the bad air,
which Is ftagnited in this woody country. We con-
tinued here, wooding, watering, and overhauling our
rigging, till Sunday the i8th of January, during
which time we had fliort, variable, uncertain wea-
ther, with thunder, lightening, and exceflive heat.
While we lav here, we pave our fliip a thorough
clcanfing, fnioked her between decks, in orttcr
to dcltroy the vermin, and waflied every part with
vinegar. Which I mention, bccaufe it is abfolutety
necellary in all fhips, the ftench of fo many ficK
perfons being nolfome in hot clinuktes. Before wear-
rived at thls'ifland, from the defcriptioms of M. Frc-
zier, a French author, and fome other perfons who
h.id Iv'cn on the fpot, we had received fucli accounts as,
togctiicr with the climate wherein it is fituated, gave
uj very threat ideas of its fruitfulnefs, and hopes of a
plentiful lupply of every thing that we wanted f6r a
long run ; but wc found ourfelves mifcrably miiiaken
inalmolt every article we expected.

As here are fcvcral fine, fandy bays, wc had very
good fifliin;:, with a feine for mullctts, old wives,
ning-ray>, maids, turbots, and other flat fifli, bafs,
tic. Saflifras ishrre in great plehtv, guiacum is re-
ported tob'. |il^ntiful likewilci but /faw none of it.

nor heard of anyperfon who did, daring our ftajr.
Rum and fugar they have in fmall quantities, but
p/iiy in8ifitlentiihd,ae»r. ■Tliei<ihabtoi«4 ait" a mix-
ture of Portuguefe and Indians incorporated together,
Mdrnppear toboverypoor, idle, lazy, ignorant and
rude. I belrev'i the Original of the Portuguefe here
was chiefly from felons, who fled hither from other
par(»of'the Bfaails, to fltelter' ihemfeivts fi^Mjuf-
ticc} they were, till lately, without any regular
form of government, eKoept • chief, chofen frohaiteng'
theimfelvesy who was- mow likeaicaptUA'af tobbcik'
than the conunanijef of a ci>lony< When wecime'
there, they had fome £uropean foloiert, auda governor'
front Rio Jahetio, calleid Don Jofle SilvadePaz,'
a very expert engineer, who underftood one part uf <
his bufipefs vtry well ; namely, the advanta^ which'
accrue from new works to thofe who are intniftcd'
with the care of .ereAing them : for, befidct ■ batter/'
on a ntck of land that najfroMed the channtl to a littls
more than a quarter of a mile ) there were three otheT'
forts carrying on for the defence of the harbour, nci- '
ther of which was completed.

The country (including the main and the iAand) ■•
mountainous, and overgrown with thick woods, and'
thofe fo much intaneled with the under-growth of'
briars, . brambles, and the like, that in moft placet
they are fcarcely penetrable. Thefe woods are report'-
ed to be full of tygers, which makes any excwfion
into the country dangerous, unlets one goes well
armed ; and even then much caution is neceff.try.—
They have here forae hoes and fiowls, but 1 believe
not in great plenty. In the woods are monkeys, apes,
armadilloes, and other wild creatures, as alfo parrots,
paroquites, and other forts of birds proper to the cli-
mate. Alligators are faid to be plentiful in the
lakes, and yet we faw none of them. The couiw
try Icems to have a good toil, and to be capableof inw
provcment, were the inhabitants morecivilifed and in-
duftrious. On the 29th we difcovered a fail in the
oiling, on which the eighteen oared barge was manned
ami armed, and was fent under the ccmmand of the
fecond lieutenant of the Centurion, to examine her
before {he arrived within the protedtion of the fort.
She proved to be a Portuguefe brigantine from Rio
Grande, but though tiK officer behaved to the matter
with the greateft civility, yet the governor took of-
fence St our lending our boat.; complained of the tIo-
lation of the peace, and made that a pretence for fend-
ing Don Pifarro the moft circumftantial intelli-
gence of our force and condition, as we afterwards
learned, by letters intercepted in the South Seas.

We left this illand on the i8th of January, havine
had a melancholly proof how much the faealthinels oF
the place had been over-rated by former writers ; far
we found that though the Centurion alone had buried
twenty-eight men fince our arrival, the number of the
fick had increaled to ninety-five { and three men died
this very day.

Before our departure, the commodore took everjr
precaution to prevent a feparation ; but, confidering
that, in fuch boifterous fcas as we were about to en-
counter, he himfelf might be difabled, he called the
oflicers together, and, in a full council fo ordered it,
that if but one fhip efcaped, the expedition (houldnot
be abandoned. Proper places of rendezvous were ap-
pointed i the time was lettled for ftaying at thefe
places ; and if the commodore did not arrive in that
time, the captains were ordered to put themfelve*
under the command of the fenior, and to proceed with-
out farther delay.

We had very ilormy weather with thunder and light-
ening on the morning of the a2d, and the Trial car-
ried away the head of her main-maft : A thick fog fuc- flie ftips fc-
ceeding, we foon after loft fight of the Pearl, thepinti.
Trial, and the Anne pink. In the afternoon, how-
ever, we joined company with the Trial and the
Anne, but the Pearl was ftill milling. From thia
time, to the i «h of February, we had very variable'
weather, moftly foggy, from 35 to 39 degrees of fouth-
latitude, the reft of the weathur being a mixture not

much

hik-i

,,^;.„;i,tit

COMMODORE ANSON.

1ie (hipi f(-
linu.

much unlike oun In England in the month of Octo-
ber, excrpt that we had ot'cen thunder and lightning.
Being paft the ht, of 36" we obfervcd the current
which had hitherto fet routherly,vtasnow to the north-
waixl and the great river of Plata being between 35'
and 36" ftrcngthens my conjcfture, that thofe cur-
rents are occafioncd by the flux and reflux of that
mighty river. On the 13th of February wc faw the
land vt-ry plain, and, at four in the afternoon of the
fame day, found ourfdves within four niilesof Cape
Blanco, on the coaft of Patagonia, in 1 2 fathom water ;
on which we hauled off, and ran along the coali. At
live the nt-xt morning we faw the land froin vyeft by
north to fouth-wcft, half-weft, which I believe to
have been the harbour of Port Defire. The norther-
mod land in fight was Cape Blanco, and the fouther-
moft, Pcneuin ifland.— —

We anchored on the 17th in the evening, .ibout 18
leagues fliort of the harbour of Port St. Julian,
where Drake touched in his voyage, and where Mr.
Doughty was condemned and executed, on pretence
of a confpiracy to murder him and ruin the expedition ;
from whence a fmall ifland within the harbour is to
this day called the Ifland of True JuUice. The next
morning we faw a liiil at S. by E. which wc believing
to be the Pearl, made the fignal for the return of ull
cruifcrs ; but flie not minding or not feeing it, the
Gloucefter was ordered to chace, ami returned, to our
ereat fatisfaAion, with her at two in the afternoon.
The Pearl's company informed us, that their com-
mander. Captain Dandy Kidd, died on the 31ft of
January, and th.it they were cliaccd on the 7th in-
llant, hy five large lliip', which they believed to
be Spanilh men of war, and were Ibmctimes within
guii-lhot of them, though they never fired, having
endeavoured to decoy, the Pearl, by hoifting a broad
red pendant, like that of thcEiiglifti commodore, at
the admiral's main top-maft head, and hoping hy
that means to inveigle and make furc of their prey.
Captain Mitchell thus decoyed, narrowly efcapcd
the enemy, by running through a fpacc of water,
where the tides or currents making a great rippling,
the Spaniards, who thought it was rocky and broken
£round, were afraid to follow her. Thcfe we fup-
pofed to be the fquadron of Admiral's Pifarro who
got fo great a name for bringing the Aota fafe home,
the preceding yt^r, by eluding the vigilance of our
fquadrons then waiting off" Cadiz, and was therefore
looked on IS the moft proper pcrfon to be fent to in-
tercept us. We were now, on the i8th, failing along
fliore for the harbour of St. Julian, I found the tide
to fet in here north and fouth, about a mile an hour
Thctimeof flowine, on the full and change days, is
N.E.byE. andS. W. byW. nearcft. Wc fent one of
our boats with an officer on (bore, to found, and en-
deavour todifcover the mouth of the harbour. At fix
in the evening, we came to an anchor in twelve fa-
thom water. At eight the lieutenant returned, hav-
ing found the harbour, we fent our boats alhore, to
make farther dilcoverics, and to endeavour to get fome
frcfh water, and others to procure fait. Wc con-
tinued here till the 27th, during which time we ft.ivcd
moft of our cinpty cafks, in order to clear our fliips
as much as poflible, and got up, and mounted fuch
of our guns as wc had before put down in the hold,
ill order to eafc the (hips } for now, not knowing how
fuon wr might meet with the Spanilh fquadion, it
was nccrflaiy to have thcro all in rcadinefs. Wc
could find no frelh water here, and but a very fmall
quantity of fait, and no other rcfrefhmcnts whatever,
all the country, as for as wc could difcover, being
quite barren and defulate. We got fome provifions
out of the Anne viifhiallcr, on board each of the other
fliips, repaired the Trial's maft, and alGfted her and
tUr. viftualler to overhaul and new fix moft of their
rigging. Having loft the hopes of a fupply of water,
we were put to tiie allowance of one quart a man for
one d.iy, and three pints for another, alternately ;
bu: confidrring our paflage had hitherto proved ex-
tremely ftormy, and a dead time of the year coming on
7

very faft, it w»» thought proper in order to keep the
people in as good heart as poflible, to give them whole
allowance ofall other provifions, which was ordered
accordingly. Here we farther fecured our lower deck
guns, by nailing quoins under the truck;, in cafe
the tackles, breachings, or iron-work might give
way, or fail in the ftormy weather, which wc had'
realbn to cxpeil. Here the commodore removed the
Hon. Captaiti Murray into the PcatI, in the room of '
Captain iCidd, and Captain Cheap into the Waiter,
ill the room of Captain Murray. He advanced Mr.
Charles Saunders, his firft lieutenant, to be commander
of the Trial floop, in the room of Captain Cheap,
and made Mr. Piercy Brett firft lieutenant of ilie Glou-
cefter, fecond lieutenant of his own (hip. The Trial
being prepared, and the Pearl which had thrown about
14 tons of water overboard, when chaced by the Span-
iards, being fupplied from the other ihips, we prepared
to profecutc our voyage.

This harbour of Port St. Julian is a barren har-
bour, fit only to receive fmall veflels. We lay off
in the road about two miles from the niouth of it.
It is not to be I'cen open from where wc lay, one point
fliutting in another ; and before any fmall Ihip or vef-
fcl pretends to venture into the harbour, they ou;^;ht
to fend in their boats at low water, and fix pol;.- or
buoys at the end of the Ilior.Is, which in a manner
block up the palTage. Th? country around is pretty
much on the level, except a few hillocks to the
northwavd, and a pretty high one in the b;iy, which
bears W. S. W. from the place w here we lay at an-
chor. The latitude of Port S. Julian is 49" 10' its
longitude from London 69' 48 well, and the v.iiation
of the compafs 17" 20' eaft. We had uncertain
weather here, with much rain, fi.ine fiiow , aiul ge-
nerally a thick fog, with fo much wind ami fea as
made us ride hard, and haftencd our d.parturc from
this utieafy fituation. Sir John Narboroutjh and others
write that they have often fccn and converfed with
the inhabitants of this and other parts of Patagonia,
and have given wonderful defcriptions of them ; but
as we faw none of them, I have nothing to fay of
that fort ; nor indeed do I think there is any thing
in this wild part of the world worthy of the lean
notice.

On the 27th, at fix in the morning, wc made the
fignal, weighed, and put to fea ; but the Gloucefter
being long in weighing her anchor, and the weather
proving thick and hazy, we foon loft fight of her j
and, at one in the afternoon, tacked and lay by for
her coming up. At fevcn, we fired a gun, as a iignal
for her, and foon after (lie joined us, having broken
he main yard in the flings.

Previous to our leaving this port, a council was
held on board the Centurion, at which all the officers
by fea and land attended 1 when it was propofcd by
the commodore that their firft attempt ihould be on
the town of Baldivin, the principal frontier of the
diftri£t of Chili. To this propofition of the council
unanimouily agreed ; in confequence of which, new
inftrudtions were given to the captain of the fquadron,
by which they were dircfled, in cafe of feparation, to
rendezvous at the ifland ofNueftra Senorodel Seccoro,
and there to cruife for ten days j after which they
were ordered to repair to the height of Baldivia, and
there, 30° and 40° 30' to continue eruifing 14 days
longer ; and, if in that time they were not joined by
the reft of the fquadron, they were then to quit that
ftation, and dirciEl their courfc to the ifland of Juan
Fernandez.

On the 5th of March, in the mornine, wc pafl'ed
by the ftreigiits of Maghcllan, fo near, tnat wc faW
tnen> very plainly } the northermoft point of which,
|(;nown by the name of Cape Vircin Mary, I found to
be in 52'" 28' of fouth lat. and long, from London
jro" 55' weft, variation of the compafs 18" 50' eaft.
The Joundings when it bore S. W. by S. at the diA>
tance of eight leagues, from 32 to 50 fathoms, the hot*
torn black grey fand and mud.

The afternoon of this day being Very bright and

clear*

1741

..tf-^

Ii6

THE VOYAGES OF

«74>

l'^.

...

ctear, with light breeze*, inclinable to be calm,
nioft o( the captuins took the opportunity of the fa-
vourable weather to pay a vifit to the commotion:, but
while they were in company together, they were ul
greatly alarmed by a fuilden flame which burfl out
on buard the Centurion, and whicli was fuccceded
by a cloud of fmokc. However, they were fix)n re-
lieved from their apprchenfions, by receiving informa-
tion that the blall was occafioned by a fpark from the
fari^e lighting on fome gunpowder and other combuf-
tibles, whicii the officers were preparing for their ufc.
in cafe wc fhould fall in with the Spanilh fleet, and
that it had been cxtinguilhcd without any damage to
the ihip.

In the morning of the 6th, wc faw the land of
Terra del Fuego, confilting of high, craggy hills,
towering above each oilier, moftly covered with fnow;
with deep, horrid vallcy<i, fome few fcattered trees,
no plains, nor one chcari'ul green, through all the hor-
rid profpecl ; fo that the whole may not impro|M;rly
becalled The Land of nefolation ; and I much quel-
tion whether a more dreary profpe£t is to be feen in
any other part of the habitable earth ; for voyagers
fay this is inhabited ; but furely its inhabitants muft
ba the moft miferable of human beings. This even-
ing wc lay by, that wc might not ovcrlhoot the
Streights of Lc Mairc in the night, though 1 believe,
had wc kept on, and paflcd round Staten Land, and a
fmall ifland or two, which lie to the eaftward of thofe
ftreights, and, together with Terra del Fucgo, frame
them, it might have been more to our advantage than
paiTuig through them. The 7th, at eight in the morn-
ing, we were very near a point of land on Terra del
Fuego, called Cane St. James, bearing E. S. t". ano-
ther called Cape St. Vincent, S. E. half E. thcmid-
dleiiioft of the Three Brothers, being three high hills
on this land Monte (jorda appearing above, farther
up in the country and bearing fouth from us. It is by
tliefc marks that the mariner knows he is near the
Streights of Le Mairc, and indeed we began toopcn
tliem in this pofition. By noon we were almofi
through them, bcin^; adifted by a very llrong tide,
with much rippling, and which made to the fouth-
ward lorricwhat before ten o'clock in the morning.
The coiirfc llirouL,h is ;;lm')ft divei^tly fouth, and there
arc no ftioals nor rocks in the pallagc, from whence
nny danger may be incurred, the only thing to be
feared is the tide's turning, after the ftreights are en-
tered, in which calc the veflel will certainly be hur-
ried back again, and can have no paflagc there till the
next turn of the tide. The breadth of this paflagc ap-
pears to be about fix or fevcn leagues, and its length
about feven or eight. The ftrcight lies in 55 degrees
fouth latitude, longitude by" 30 weft from London ;
the foundings from 43 to 58 fathoms j thf bottom
bhick fand and jjebblcs.

In pafling through, our joy was incrcafed by the
brightncfs of the fky and the fercnity of the weather,
which was indeed remarkably pleafmg ; for though
the winter was now advancing a-pacc, yet the morn-
ini; of this day, for its brilliancy and mildncfs gave
place to none we had feen fincc we had left England.
Hilt wc here found, what was conftantly verified by
all our obfervations in thefe high latitudes, that fair
wfathcr was always the fore-runner of a fuccceding
dorm, and that fun-(hine and tempeft followed one
another like light and (hade. We had fcircely reach-
cilthc extremity of the ftreights when tne ferenity of
the (kv, which had fo much flattered our hopes, was
all at once obfcured ; the wind fhifted to the fouth-
waro, and the fea began to fwcll to an aftoniftiing
hrlght. Before night the tempeft arnfc, and the tide,
which had hitherto favoured us, turned furioufly
againl^ us ; fo t'.iat inftcad of purfuing our intended
cuurle, we were driven to the eaftward, by the united
force of wind and current, with fo much precipta-
tion, that in the morning we found ourfelves fevcn
le;igucs to the caft of the Streights of Lc Mairc. From
this time, wc had fuch a coucinual fucccftion of tcm-
1

peftuous weather as furprifed tiic oldeft and moft tX'
perienced mariners on board, and obliged them to
confcfs that what they had hitherto called ftorms were
inconfiderable gales, compared with the violence of
thefe winds, which raifed fuch fliort, and at the fame
time, fuch mountainous waves, as greatly furpafled in
danger all fcas known in any other parts of the gloK-^
and it was not without rcafon that this unufual appear-
ance filled us with continual terror; for had any one
of thofe waves broke fairly over us, it muft in all pro-
bability, have fent us to tne bottom. Nor did we cf-
cape with terror only j for our veflel inccflantly rolling
gunwale to, gave us fuch quick and violent motions
that we were in perpetual danger of being daflicd
againft the mafts or fides' of the iliip : And though wc
were extremely careful to fccurc ourfehes from thefe
fudden (hocks, by grafping at fome fixed hotly, yet
many of our people were forced from their holds,
fome of whom were killed, and others grcitly injured:
In 'particular, one of our bcft feamen was carried
oveiboard, and drowned, another diflocated his neck,
a third was thrown into the main-hold, and broke his
thigh, and one of our boatfwain's mates broke his
collar-bone twice, befides other accidents of the fame
nature. Thefe tempefts, fo dreadful in thcmfelves,
(even though unattended by any other unfavourable
circumftance,) were rendered more mifchievous to u»
by their inequality, and the deceitful intervals whicli
they at fome times afforded j for though we were of-
ten obliged to lie to for four days together under a
heavy wind, and were frequently reduced to remain at
the mercy of the waves, under our bare poles ; yet
now and then wc ventured to make fail, with our
courfcs double-reefed, and the weather proving more
tolerable, would encourage us to fetour topfails; af-
ter which the wind without any previous notice,
would return upon us with redoubled force, and, in
an inftant, tear our fails from the yards ; and that no-
thing might be wanting to aggravate our diftrefs, thefe
blafts generally brought with them a great quantity of .
fnow and fleet, which cafedour rigging and froze our
fails, thereby rendering them and our cordage bri'tlc
and apt to fnap upon the flightcft ftrain, adding inex-
prefliblc difliculty and labour to the working of the
(hip, benumbing the limbs of the people employed in
handling the fails, or handling the ropes, and making
them incapable of exerting themfclves with their ufual
aftivity, and even difabling many by mortifying their
fingers and toes. And now, as it were, to add to the
finifhing ftroke of our misfortunes, our people be-
gan to be univcrfally afilided with that moft terrible,
and at fca, incurable difeafe, the fcurvy, which quickly
made a moft dreadful havock among us, beginning at
firft to carry ofF two or three a day ; but foon increaf-
ing, and at laft carrying off eight or ten ; and as
moft of the living were ill of the fame diftempcr,
and the little remainder who prcferved their health
better, were quite worn out with inceflant labour,
I have fome times feen four or five dead bodies, iome
fown up in their hammocks, others not ; lying
about the decks, for want of help to bury them in thu
fca.

[In fliort, the voyagers met with nothing but
difficulties and dangers, fplitting their fails, and hav-
ing their feamen kilhd or difabled in almoft every
gale. The Pearl and Severn were feparatcd from the
fleet on the loth of April, and from that time they
faw no more of them, but afterwards, by letters ta-
ken on board fome of the Spanifh fhips, they heard T|j.'|''"' ' J*^
of the arrival of thofe veflel s at Rio. On the 23d gj'ijjf" jj|"|s
of the fame month, they loft fight of the Gloucciler, arc fcparated
Wager, Trial, and Anne, being all the remainder of f'uni tlie flcifc
the fquadron. The Wager fuftercd fhip-wreck at the
Ifland del Seguro, the reft joined the commodore at
the Ifland of Juan Fernandez. The bad weather
with fonij few intervals ftill continued. On the 8th
of May the commodore faw the main land of Pata-
gonia, as alfo fevcral iflands, one of which lie look to
be Seguro, which owing to Sir John Narborough's

a-jiceablc ■

COMMODORE ANSON.

»«7

The Pcai I uA

Stjvcin antl
other Tcllels
arc fcparatetl
from tlic flcifc

ureeable defcription of it* was appointed for the
nrft place of rendezvous for the fleet in the South
Seas.

This (fays my author) was an unhappy appoint-
ment In Its conleauences, for when the people, already
reduced to the laft extremity, found this to be the
place of rendezvous, where they had hoped to meet
the reft of their companions with joy, and faw what
a miferablc part of the world it appeared to be, their
grief was fucceeded by defpair ; they faw no end of
their fuflfcrings, nor any door open to their fafety.
Thofe that had hitherto been well, and in heart, were
now full of defpondency, fell down, fickened, and
died I and, to fum up this melancholy part, I ve-
rily believe that our touching on this coaft, the long
ftay we made here, and our hindrance by crofs winds,
which we ihould have avoided in a direift courfe to
Juan Ornandez, loft us at leaft 60 of as ftout and
able men as any in the navy. This unlpcakable dif-
trefs was ftiti aggravated by the difficulties which we
found in working the (hip, as the fcurvy had dvftroyed,
in all, no lefs than 200 of our men, and had, in lome
decree, affe£led the whole crew. Indeed, it were
cndlefs to recite minutely the various difafters, fa-
tigues, and terrors, which wc encountered on this
coaft. All thefe went on increafing till the izd
of May, at which time the fury of all the ftorms
that we had hitherto experienced, fecmed to be com-
bined, and to have confirmed our dcftruftion. In
this hurricane almoft all our fails were fplit, and
great part of our ftanding rigging was broken. About
eight in the evening, a mountainous fea took us on
our ftarboard quarter, and gave us fo prodigious a
Ibock, that feveral of our (hrouds broke with the
jerk, by which our mafts were in danger of coming
by the board, and our ballaft and ftores were fo
ftrangely Ihifted, that the ihip heeled afterwards two
llreaks apart. It was a moft tremendous blow, and
we were all thrown into the utmoft confternation,
from the apprehenfion of inftantly foundering. Our
deplorable ftuation no longer allowing any room for
deliberation, wc ftood for Juan Fernandez ; and, to
fave time, which was now very precious, (our men
dying, four, five, or fix in a day,) wc endeavoured to
hit the ifland on a meridian courf'c. On the 28th of
May, being nearly in the parallel in which it is laid
down, we expcAed to have feen it ; and indeed the
commodore was perfuaded that he did fee it ; but all
the officers being of opinion that it was only a cloud,
to which the hazinefs of the weather gave too much
colour, wc made fail to the caft w.ird, and, by fo doing
loft above 14 dajrs in recovering our wefting again.
This was a moft fatal difappointment ; for in this
run we loft above 80 of our men, moft of whom would
probably have been faved, if the commodore's advice
had been attended to. On the 8th of June, at fix in
theevening, we at laft faw the ifland, bearing north by
eaft, half-eaft, about 15 or 16 leagues oft'. On the
loth, at two in the morning, we anchored in 56
fathom water, clofe under the north-caft part of the
ifland. At ten in the morning of the nth, with much
labour and difficulty, we weighed our anchor, and,
at noon, happily moored our (hip in the great bay,
about a mile from the fliorc, in 52 fathom water, to
our iiirxpreffible joy ; having been from St. Catherine's
in the Bnzils to this place, 148 days on fuch a dread-
ful and fatal paflage, as I believe very few other per-
fons ever expci';nced. At two in the afternoon, the
*°tiiL T :il '^''''' ^PPt'U'fd in tlic offing ; on which we immedi-
»t Imiu rei'. a'cly fent fome hands on Iward her, by which affift-
aaiidcz. ance flic was brought to an anchor between us and

the land. Wc foon found that the floop had not b?en
exempted from calamities fimilar to thofe which we
had fo fevercly felt ; for her commander. Captain
Saunders, waiting on the commodore, informed him,
that out of his finall complement he had buried 34,

• He had been therein the height of fummcr i whereas winter
was approaching, when Anion arrived in thofe pjiis.

Vol. I. N»n.

Tliey : .

and thofe who recovered were fo univerfally affli£lcd
with thcfaurvy, that only himfclf, his lieutenant, and
three of his men were able to ftand by the fails. The
fame day wc got Out our long boat, and fent her on
Ihore, with materials for building tents for the flck,
and with orders to bring on board fome wat' r. On
the 17th the Trial came again to an anchor, and
moored : This day and the next, we fent on Ihorc the
remainder of eur nek people, the whole number now
on ftiore being 135, many of whom as they were too
far gone in the fcurvy died, to the number of fixty.
We now began to fend on fhore materials lor the tents,
for the coopers, fail-makers, and fome ot tlic officers :
we fent alfo a copper oven, whitli wc had with us for
baking foft bread for the (hip's company, and the
fmith s forge, for making or repairing liieh iron-work
as was nccclfary. After a Ihort interval 01 relaxation, all
haifds were bufity employed in cutting large quanti-
ties of wood for the (nip's ufe, fome in making char-
coal for the fmith, and for a farther ftorc ) the bakent
in preparing bread | the coopers in making up and
cleaning the cafks for water j the fail-ninkers in
mending the fails and making others. Some were
fifhing for the fick, and others were othcrwifc cm-
ployed. Here being great plenty of line fi(h, all to
be taken by the hook, two or three people couKI never
fail to take as much in about two hours, as all the
(hip's company could eat. Befides wu took great
quantities for falting and curing; ) and fome private
perfons who had hooks and lines, hfhed for themfelves,
and caught enough for their own ufo, and to give to
thofe who had none. In the mean time, the people on
board were employed in cleaning the vellel, which was
in a very filthy condition, and in ftripping the maffs,
and overhauling the rigging. One of the boatfwain's
mates, (with fome affillfants) having run up a rope-
walk on (hore, was employed in making what finall
cordage we might want; others in watering; in
(hort, in every thing that might contribute to put us
in as good a condition, and in as (hort a time as pof-
fible i and as faftas the fick recovered, they were put
on the like employments.

At firft fight ot this ifland it appeared with a moft
unpromifine afpeft, being extremely mountainous,
rugged, and irregular 1 but, on our near approach
it improved upon us i and, when we were landed,
we found all the vegetables which are ufually efteemed
to be peculiarly adapted '9 the cure of thole fcorbutic
difordcrs that are contraitcd by fait diet, and lon<»
continuance at fea i for here were water-crelTes, will
forrel,andSicilianradi(hes, in profufion. Thefi; vege-
tables (not to mention the turnips which now.:bound
in every plain with the fifti and fle(h we got here) were
not only extremely grateful to us, but were likcwife
very refreftiing to the fick, and contributed not a
little to the recovery of thole who weie not already
too far advanced in the diforder to admit of relief, and
to the reftoring of others to their wonted vigour, who
though not apparently under themalignancyof thedif-
temper and its baleful concomitants, were yet greatly
debilitated by continual watching and anxiety of mind,
from which not one on board was exempt.

During the time of our refidence hem, we found
the inland parts of the ifland no way to fall (hort of
the fanguinc prepofl'effions we had firft cntirt.-.incd in
its favour : For the woods which covered moft of the
fteepeft hills and precipices, were free from all buflics
and underwood, and affiorded an eafy pafl'age through
every part of them ; and the irregularities of the hills
and precipices in the northern parts of the ifl.ind, ne-
cefl'arily traced out, by their various combinations,
a great number of romantic valleys, moft of which
had a ftreara of the clcareft water running thix)ugh
them, which tumbled in rafcades from one rock to
another, as the bottom of the valley, by the courle of
the neighbouring hills, was at any time broken into
a Iharp and fudden dcfcent. Some particular fpots oc-
curred in thefe valleys, where the ftiades and fragrance
of the contiguous woods, the lof^lnefs of the over-
hanging rocks, and the tranfparency and frequent
^ ' fall*

1740

Ill

tHE VOYAGE O V

■ 740 ''•>l)> of the neiglibourinjg Aieami, prefenred fccnes

■ n I ■> of fuch elegance njul dignity, as coiilU witli <lif-

ficujty b« rivalled in any other part of the gjiobc. It
in la thii place that the fccpes of finaplc natune may
perhaps be laid to excel all the ^itiout defcriplion* of
the inoft animated ima^inacioo. The fpot where the
commodore chofc to hx hie rdidcncc, exceeded in
beauty any thing that words can be (u\. -wfud to re-
prcfeiu. It was adi'lightful little lawn that lay on an
cafy afccnt, at the diltancc of about half a mile from
the fea, and was probably the very fj>ot whereon Cap-
tain SIicIvocIl had pitched his tent twenty yean before.
In front there was a lirge avenue cut through the woods
to the fca-fide, which ifoping to the water with a gen-
tle dcfccnt, opened a profpedt to the bay with the
(hips at anchor. This lawn was fcreened behind by
a tall wood of myrtle, f weeping round it in the form
oi' a theatre, the dope on which the wood flood, riflng
with a much fliarper afpent than the lawn itfelf, yet
not fo much but that the hill* and precipices without
land towered confiderably above the tops of the trees,
and added to the grandeur of the \'iew. There were
bcfidcs, two dreams of chryftal water, which ran on
the right and left of the tent, within an hundred
yards diftance, and were (haded by the trees that
Ikirtcd the lawn on either fide, and completed the
fymmetry of the whole.

It is aftonifbine (continues the writer) that among
all the voyagers wlto have vifited this illand before us,
and who have obliged the world with defcriptions of
it, none of them have mentioned a charming little
bird, that with its wild, various, and irregular notes
inchants the ear, and makes the woods refound with
its melody. This untutored chorittcr is fomcwhat
Icfs in flze than the gold-hnch, its plumage beauti-
fully intermingled with red and other vivid colours,
and the golden crown on its head fo bright and glow-
ing, that when feen in the full light of the fun, it fur-
paJTesall dcfcription. Thefe lituc birds are far from
being uncommon or unfamiliar : I'hey perched on
the branches of the myrtle trees fo near us, and fang
fo chcarfully, as if they had been confcious that we
were ftrangcrs and had come to bid us welcome. Be-
fldcs the above, there is another little bird unnoticed
by any former writer, and which feems likewifc to be
peculiar to the iflnnd, and is confequently without a
name. It is fiill lefs than the former in flze, but not
inferior in beauty, though not fo mufical. The
back, wings, and head, are of a lively green, inter-
mixed with (hining golden fpots, and the belly is
a liiow-whitc ground with ebony coloured fpots, fo
elegantly varied, that no art can imitate. To the ca-
talogue of birds mentioned by former writers, fliould
alfo DC added blackbirds and thruflies very likethofeof
England, and owlt, but of a very diminutive fize. Of
four-footed animals we faw none but cats, rats, dogs,
and goats, and of the latter but few, as the dogs of
various kinds, gray-hounds, maftifTs, pointers, fpa-
nlcls, and mut.grcls, have thinned them in plains,
and driven them to inacceffible mountains ; yet ibme
were (hot by the hunters, and virere preferred by them
to the bcft venifon. Among tholi: preientcd to the
commodore were two or three venerable through age,
which had been marked more than thirty years before
by Selkirk.

We once had an opportunity of obferving a re-
markable difpute between a herd of thefc animals and
a number of dogs ; for going in our boat into the eaft-
crn bay, we perceived fome dogs run very eagerly
upon the foot, and being willing to obfervc what game
they were after, we lay on our oars fome time to view
them, and atlaft faw them take a hill, where looking
a little farther, weoblerved, upon the ridge of it, an
herd of goats, which feemed drawn up for their re-
ception. There was a very narrow path (kirted on
each fide by precipices^ in which the leader of the herd
pofted himfelf fronting the enemy, the reft of the
goats being ranged behind him where the ground was
more open. As this fpot was inacceiTible by any other
^th except that where this champion had placed him-

felf, the dogs, (hougli ilicy ran np hill with great
alacrity, yet, wh<n(h('y came withui about 20 y.irdi,
found they duril not encounter this (ornud.il)ic (Jo-
liah ) for he would 4af:illibly haw driven the tirll that
approached him down the precipice ( they thuvfoie
laid thcmfelves quietly down, panting', aud did not
oft'cr to flir while wc were in fight. 'T hilc dogs have
multiplied prodigioufly, and have deOroycd molt of
thecals as well a<> goats : the rats, however keep pij|-
feflion, ami were very troubleluine giiclls in the night,
when they generally paid us their vifite. It is n»i
eafy to determine in what majincr fuch « number ut
dogs fubfift, as they are much more mimiruus than
all the other four-footed creatures upon the IHuud.
Our people were inclined to think they livul in agru^t
meafuie upon the young fea-lions :uid I'eals ; and liip-
ported their opinion by the report of tlw failurs, liimc
of whom killed the dogs for food, and faid they tailed
fi(by : and indeed there is hardly any other way uf ac-
counting for the fubfinenrc of thefc animals i for, as
has been laid, they have already dell ruycd all the goats
in the acccflible part of the country ; lio that there re-
main now only a few, among the crags and preci-
pices, where the dogs coanot fulU>w thcni. I'helii
are divided into feparatc herds of twenty or thirty
each, which inhabit diftiuct fdlliiiiles ni.ii iv ver min-
gle with each other : by thele niiKiis >vt I'otind >i ex-
tremely difficult to kill them; and vet «•: «Y!e f.' tic-
firous of their flcih, that wedikovi I'^l I bcli< .;, .ill
their herds i and it was thought, on coii.|' iii), a.r
numbers, that they fcarcely exceeded 200 upon tnc
vkholc ifland. The dogs liad dedroyed the parddlas
likcwife, fo that there was not one of them to be fecii ;
we found, indeed, their boroughs in the earth, which
leaves no doubt of tlicir being in plenty there in Sel-
kirk's time, as well as cats, of which there is now
fcarcely one left alive. Flc(h-meat being very fcarce,
our people, tired of fi(h, though excellent in its kind,
at length condefcended to eat fe.nls, which, by degrees
they came to relilh, and called them lamb. Of thefe,
it being their breeding time, and of the fta-lions
the numbe > ere incredible. Thefc animals have
frequently fi . .ous battles Among thcmfelves, princi-
pally about their females i and wc were one day fur-
prifcd by the light of two animals, which at (irft
feemed di(tcrent from all wc had ever obferved ; but,
on a nearer approach, they proved to be two fca-Iioni
that had being goring each other with their tulks, and
were covered with blood, with which they plentifully
abound. This led us to watch them more clofely ;
and one was obferved larger than the red, and from
his driving off other males, and keeping a great num-
ber of females to himfelf, he was humoroufly dyled
the Balhaw. To this pre-eminence, however, he
had not arrived without many bloody cnntcds ; for on
our people's attacking himinthemidft of hisfeniglio
of females, being overpowered after having made a
defperatc defence, the figiis of his bravery appeared in
numerous fears on cacry part of his body.

Wc had now been ten days on this illand, when fome
of our people difcovercd from .in emincicc a ihipto
the leeward, with hercourfes even with the horizon,
without any other fail abroad but the main-top-fail i
from whence it was concluded flic was one of our own
fquadron ; but the weather being h.i7V, no definitive
determination could be formed concerning her. She
dilappeared for forac days, and we were all under the
deepeft concern, fearing that the weaknefs of her con-
dition had difabled Iter from working to windward,
and that all on board had periibed. We continued our
employ till the 20th, when we faw the (hip again,
and, on her near approach, could didinguilh her to
be the Gloucedcr; and, making no doubt of her be-
ing in didrefs, the commodore fent our boat on board
her with water and refrefliments. We found her in a
miferable condition, havine not many more than an
hundred people alive, anualmod all thofc hclplcfs
with the fcurvy ; their water (o vc.-y fliort that they
were obliged to allow but a pint a day to a man, and
the continual flaws ofF the land, to^^ct'hcr with their
6 bcin^

■m^

■-M

COMMODORE ANSON.

bring dffnblcil in their fails anil yards hindered them
from getting into the bay. The next day wc fcnt
them a frcfti fiipply of tilti, greens, and water, and
men to help tu uuric the (hip; Icon after which the
flaws drove them off again, and the Ihip appeared no
more till the .)Oth, when (he tired a p^n, and made
a fii^nal of didrefs. She continued in thit manner off*
amlon, fometlmes in fight, and fometimcii not, till the
ajd of July ; during which time, though we often re-
lieved the people on board with water and other nc-
cellaries, yet their lufterings were infupportable and
their whole complement was by this time reduced to 96
men, all of whom muft have pcrilhcd in a few days
more, hod not the wind proved favourable tobrin^ them
into the bay ; but providentially a frefti gale fprung
up from the fea, which brought them to an anchor.
Tlie nioucef- ' immediately fent men on board to aflilt in moor-
ter joinj them '"g 'be ihip, and continued our alfiftance during our
•gain. Aay at this place.

On the 5th of Auguft the commodore fcnt the
Trial floop to fearch the ifland of Little Juan Fer-
n.indei, left any of the fquadron ftiould have miftaken
that ifland for the place of rendezvous, and might re-
main there, in expectation of meeting with the reft of
the fliips. On the ijlb, the Anne pink, which had
been fepitrated from us, with the reft of the fquadron,
on the 23d of April, appeared in fight. Her arrival
gave us new fpirits, fhe being principally laden with
Thevmeet provifions, and we were immeJiiitely ordered full al-
»:"'"l'"^""« Jowance of bread. This Ihip had been about two
f'" months in a fafe harbour, on the main land, near the

fame parallel with del Soccoro, whither (lie had been
diredlcd by Providence, and where (he lay in fecu-
rity, and enjo; .d plenty, and her people, fixtecn in
number being freed from their fears of (hipwreck, very
<i;on rxovcred their wonted vigour, having experienced
none of thole hardfliips which were cniuired by the
rtii of the fleet. They told us they had fcen fome
Indians, and, once took one of tlicir canoes, with a
man, a woman, (bmc children, a dog, a cat, tic.
but the day after this capture, all efcaped, the dog
excepted, in the (hip's boat, and left the canoe in her
itead. Thofc IiKJi-ins, they faid, underftood a few
Spani(h words, and probably might have fome little
corrcfpondencc with the Spaniards of Chili, or their
nearer bordering Indians, or fome of the fathers for
propagating the faith, might fometimes have been
among them. The principal refrc(hment the crew
met with in this port were wild nettle-tops, celery,
and forrel j cockles and mufclcs of .in extraordinary
fize J and good ftore of (hecp, gcefe, and penguins.
'I'hey judged the place to lie in lat. 45° 30' fouth, and
might be known by an ifland which faces it, which
the inhabitants cilllnchin, and by a river in which
they found fome excellent fi(h. The Anne pink was
the laft that joined us at Juan Fernandez. The re-
maining (hips o( the fquadron were (he Severn, the
Pearl, and the Wager ftore-(hip. The Severn and
Pearl, which parted company at Cape Noir, (as has
been already obferved) put back to the Brafils, fo that
of all the (nips that came into the South Seas, the
Wager alone was mifling. [Of the fate of this fliip
a relation will be given Ixiforr the conchifion of tliis
voyage, as alfo of the expedition of the Spanifli ad-
miral Pifarro, who by this time was fct out to inter-
cept the Engli(h fqu.idron.j

On the 22d the Trial returned from fearching the
ifland of Little Fernandez, and reported it to be about
20 leagues diftant from the place where we lay, being
about three leagues in compafs, very mountainous,
and having fome woods, and good runs of water ;
with multitudes of goats, fi(h, fea-lions, feals, as
with us i but no (hips were to be feen, nor the marks
of any having been there. While we were at Juan
Fernandez, we began, and pretty far advanced a
wharf for the better landing anci embarking fuch
neceliaries as we had occafion for. Wc kept two
ovens employed in baking bread for the (hip's com-
panies, two Smith's forges for repairing old, and Rt
ting new iron work, and continued miking charcoal

for future ufe. The commodore liken ife ordered thn
carpenters to take a careful furvey of thi. Anne pink,
the mafter of which kt forth that (he was in fo rotten
a condition, as not to be able to proceed or return,
without very confiderablc repairs ; which reprcfenfa-
tion, upon a furvey, being fuuiid to be true, the
coMimotlore purchaled her m.iterials at a fair '-..lua-
tion, and ordered her to be broken up, and her crew
to be put on lioard the Ciloucelier, that (hip
not having hands enough left to navigate her,
much lefs to light her, in cafe of an attack from the
enemy.

We reckoned this ifland (Juan Fernandez) to be in
3j"40'(outhlat. and in 87° 37' weft Ion. from London.
The diftance from the main continent is 150 league!,
and the compafs, by the beft accounts of thofe who
have been round it, is about 12 or 13 leagues. There
arc two fmall and very commodious hays within the
points, which form a large one where wc lay ; one to
the eaftward, the other to the we(Vward of us, and
no doubt fevcral others in other parts of the ifland.
The variation, bv an obferv.ition taken on the morn-
ing of the 2d of July, was 8" 4' half-eaft. It was re-
fiortcd that the toulh-wcftcnd of the ifland was more
evel than that where wc refided, and the goats more
numerous, but wood fcarcer.

On Tuefday, September the 8th, at noon, we faw
a fail, bearing N. E. by E. and perceiving by our
glafles, that (he could be none of our fquadron, nor was
an Engli(h built (hip, wc fired a gun, as a fignal for
getting all our people on board ; and having taken fe-
vcral men out of the Trial, bent our fails, fet up
our ringing, and flipped our fmall bower cable ; and
at fix in the evening we weighed, in purfuit of her.
In the morning of the next day we got down our
ftumps, which are generally fet up in bad weather
inftead of top-gallant marts and yards, rigged them
and bent their fails. At eleven the fame morning,
we muftered and quartered the (hip's company. At
noon the ifland of Juan Fernandez bore half (outh at
diftance eight leagues. The two next d.iys wc faw
nothing of the chacc, nor any thing rcmark.ible.

On Saturday, September the 12th, at five in the
morning, we faw a fail to the windward, which
bore down to us; and about two leagues diftance,
(he hauled up the Ice clue-garnet of her main-fail, and
fired a gun, which we fuppofed to be a fii|nal con-
certed between her and others that came out in her
company ; but we not anfwering nor regarding it, (he
hauled clofe on a wind, and ftood from us, cniu-avour-
ing to efcape; upon which we gave chace; but
the weather fometimes proving hazy and foggy, we
were in danger o" lofing fight of her. About nine
in the morning we tacked, and at noon coming with-
in gun (hot, we fired five (hot at her rigging, to
bring her to ; but (he keeping on her courfe, we fired
four more, on which (he ftruck her colours, and fur-
rendered without making any oppufition. This (hip,
however, happened not to be the fame that we went
out after. She proved to be a rich merchant (hip,
having on board i8,oool. in dollars and plate, with
fome jewels and abundance of gold and (ilver twift;
but the bulk of her cargo confined of fugars and bale
goods, moftof the latter European, but from the pro-
duce of the country. Shft was called the Nueftra
Senora del Monte Carmelo, was of about 500 tons
burthen, and was commanded by Don Manuel Za-
mora, and had on board thirteen padengers, moft of
them perfons of fortune, amongft whom was the go-
vernor of the city of S. Jago, the capital of Chili.
She came from Callao in Peru, and was bound for
Valparaifo in Chili, where thofe (hips .-innually
trade, exchanging filver in return for gold and corn,
the latter being very fcarce in Peru. Some of the
prifoners informed us, that if we had taken this vef-
fel on her return from Chili to Peru, we (hould hav^
met with as much gold in her as we had now found
filver. She had on board her, in the whole, fifty-
feven perfons, many of them Indians and black
(laves, who were aRerwardt very ufeful to us in af-
I fifting

1740

lao

THE VOYAGE OF

1740 (ifting towarJi the fltip'i duty. She had been a7 day*
■ from Callau, and wanted not ubove twodayi to com-

plete her voyage when we took her.

[In this ftiip the commodore found an account of
the mifadvcnturei of the Spanilh admiral Pifarro's
fquadron, who in hi> courfr, had met with two (hip*
which they fuppofcd to be Eiiglifh, but the fca ran fo
high, that they could not pretend tu purfuc them.
Thtfefliipt were fuppofcd to be the Pearl and Severn.
As to the reft they found that the Spaniard had been
forced to put back, but hcird alio that he had fcnt ad-
vice to the viceroy of Peru concerning them, inti-
mating. That thougli he had been forced back, yet
poOibly the Englifli, who were obftinate enough to per-
iift in dcfperatc undertaking*, might come into thefe
fcas ) but knowing experimentally what they muft have
furtcred in that dreadful paflage, he doubted not but
that they muft be in a very weak and dcfencelefi con-
dition i he therefore advifed the viceroy to fit out all
the ftrength of (hipping that he could, and to fend
them tocruife at Ju.tn I'Vrnandez, where it was likely
th.-vt they might meet their enemy i in which cafe he
farther advifed that the Spaniards (hould not waftethe
time in a diftant cannonading, but board the Englilh
fword in hand, which, in their weak condition was
likely to prove an infallible method of taking
them.]

This, (fays our author) was a well laid fcheme, andj
in puifuaiicc of it, the viceroy cquipt three (hips at
Callao, one of 54, one of 30, and one of 20 {;uns,
all double manned with tiie chuiccft men tliey coulti
poflibly procure, and fmt them to wait for us accord-
ingly. Thofe (hips arrived at Juan Fernandez fome
time in May, and continued till about June the 6tl>,
when, imagining that we mull be cither put back or
loft, they quitted their llatinn, and failed for the port
of Conception inChili, and, by thefe means, wc luck-
ily milTed them : had it ha))pened otiierwile, as wc
arrived there with only our lingle (hip, in fuch ade-
fencelefs condition, and liad thiy put ihcir orders in
execution with any toleriiblc degree of refolution, we
mull, in all human probability, have fallen into their
hands. Our pril'oners iiifoimol us further, that thofe
(hips, during their cruilV, had met with a ftorm, in
which thev had received fomuch damage, that it muft
be at leaft two months before they could again be lit
to go to fea, ; the whole of this intelligence war as
favourable as wc could have wiflied ; and now we were
at no lofs to account for the frcfti marks that wc found
at Juan Fernandez, of that illand's having been
lately vifited by fome white people.

On Sunday tlie 13th, having got on board moft of
the prifoners of note, and all tnc filver, we made tail
for Juan Fernandez j and the weather proving very
moderate, at fix in the evening that iHand bore N. w.
by N. at the dillance of five leagues. At fix the
next morning we (ired three guns, as a fignal to the
fliips in the bay. At four we anchored, got in our
fmall bower cable, which we had flipped at leaving
the place, and moored our (hip. The 15th we em-
ployed in watering, and fctting up our rigging, in or-
der to purfue our voyage. And this day, the commo-
dore being informed that fevcral merchant-(hips were
now purTuing their trade without fear of any fur-
prize, the trial was ordered out on a cruife, and pro-
ceeded immediately. On the i6th we got up a new
top-pnllint maft, and wanting fome cordage we were
fupplicd with it from the Gloucefter. This and the
following days until the 19th, we Ipcnt in getting
every thing ready for fea with the utmoft expedition
The 19th wcfent28 of our orifoners on board the
Gloucefter, (he being weakly manned, and thefe
prifoners being good (ailors. Wc likewife fupplicd
the prize with two months proviflons of all forts, at
full .lUowance, for 20 men ; put all the guns be-
longing to the Anne pink on board of her ; and, hav-
jnc left orders with Captain Mitchell, of the Glou-
cefter, to burn the |)ink, together with her ufclefs
ftores, and appointed him his ftation off the town of
Payta, (where the (hips between Lima and Panama

generally touch to deliver part of their caigoct to b«
(iif|Krled through the inland parts of Peru) with or-
ders to fail to that ftation as foon as poflibic ; w«
weighed, and took leave of our winter refidence, in
company with the prixe, which the commodore bad
litted up to cruife againit the enemy. The aift at
four in the evening, we had the laft fight of thii
ifland, it then bearing from us VV. by N. at the dif-
tance of 17 Ic-igues. 'I'hc remaining days, until
the 24th, we h.id v.iriable and uncertain weather, in
which we fplit our main-top-fail and fore-fail, and K'
ceived fome other flight damage.

I'he 24th, at five in the evening, being fomcwhat
hazy, we faw two fail to windward, on which wc
cleared (hip, in order to be rc^dy to cng:)gc i the
largeft of the two (hips bearing down u|>on uf.
At feven (he came lo near, that wc hailed her in
Spani(h, and (he anfwcrcd in Enelifti, and told ut,
that (he wa* a prize taken by the 'l rial, and that her
confort was the Trial itfelf, which was vcrv much
difabled. At eleven the next <iorning, there being a
hard gale, and high fea, the i . A tind two guns ai
a fignal of diftrefs, and bore a»ay before the wind,
and we after her. The fame day at half an hour paft
noon, we fpokc with her, and tuuiid (he had I'prung
her main-iiiaft, and that her main top-nuft had gone
by the board j and us we were all of us ftanding to
the caftv/ard next .norning, vith a frdh gale at fouth,
(he had the additional misfurtunc to fpring her fore-
maft, fo that now flic had not a maft left. This was
a great obftruiflion ; for now we had intelligence bjr
the Trial's prize, that there were many (hips at fea
richly laden, and that they had no apprehenfions of
br-ing attacked by us, havine received int'dlinnce that
ourlquadron waseitherputback,ordeftroyed. I'hetc-
fore in the courfe of 28 hours, which we were detainnl
in waiting upon the Tri.1l, I am perfuaded we milM
the taking many valuable prizes. I'he rcfult was,
that a council being called, and all the officers con-
vened together on board our (hip, it was there con-
cluded that, in her prefent condition, the Trial could
beof no farther fei vice i and the commodore, being
refolved to feparate the (hips in order tu cruife upon
the coaft ts the greateft advantage, gave orders to
Captain Charles Saunders, the commander, to burn
the Trial, and in her room comminioned the Trial's
prize for his majefty's fervice, m ith the fame com-
mander, ofGccrs, and people. This (hip was called
by the Spaniards the Nueftra Seiiura de Arinzazie j
but, being now commi/Iioncd for his mnicfty's ler-
vice, (he was henceforth called the I'rial's prize.
She was the largeft (hip we took in thofe feas, being
between five aiid fix hundred tons, and laden with
bale goods, fugar, and other commodities to a con-
fideranle value, and about 5000I. in (pecie and
wrought filver.

On the 28th, at nine in the morninp, wc parted
with the Trial and both the prizes. And on the 30th
we faw the main land of Chili. This day we began
to exercife our people with fmall arms, which W3S
the firft time we had done it fince we came into tho(e
fras, and which we continued at all proper opportu-
nities during the voyage.

On the (irft of OiTobcr we ;anie in fight of the
hiKh land of Valparaifo, bearinc N. E. half E. at the
diftance of about 14 leagues. This city lies in tlie
latitude of 32' 58' fouth, its longitude from London
is by my account 80' 37 weft. On tlie 5th, the
commodore, being infomicd that there were mur-
murings amongft the people, becaufe the prize-monejr
was not immediately divided, ordered the articles of
war to be read j and, after that, remonftrated to them
on the danger of mutiny, and faid he had heard the
reafon of their difcontcnt, but alTurcd them their pro-
perties were fecured by »£t of parliament as firmly
as any one's own inheritance, and that the money,
plate, &c. were weighed, and marked in public ; fo
that any capable pcrfon, if he pleafed, might take an
inventory of the whole. He then read an account of
the particulars, and told thcni they might (if thev
7 pleafca)

COMMODORE A N S O N.

tzi

plcirrtl) make clioirc of any pt'rfim to take an invcn-
tiiry I'M tli.'in, or liuy llna |v'.iisi wliich IpicuJ «
villlil'' j'>y anil ;;.ivi; content to lury oik'.

Wr continued criiil'int; oft' the cdad of Vaiparaifo,
till the Kill, will n, .It twilvo at nipht we limkr the
tnain-t<i|i-l.iil y.inl in iIil- fling'^, on which we unlitnt
the t^p-^Jll, and pit dnwn the broken yard. At ten
in the iTi'irniiV!, w: f.vx the hijjh-Iand of Chfi.\ii;i,
und over it thi- Cor>lilk'ra niount.iins, heing part of
that Ion,; lu'.^v of niount.iiiu called the Andes, which
run fioiii one i:ni\ of .South America to the other, ap-
peal iir; excefliwly hi^h, with their tops covered with
Cni'W. We crollul the fmith tropic to the northward
on the 14th, and from this tinv, till «c were fomc
degrees to the northward of the equator, met with
nothinu; hut fair weather and a finooth fca.

'I'he'jiid, at no.ui, the high land of Morro Qiic-
m.i'h boie K, by N. at the didance of four leagues ;
and hero wc continued crulfing off and on till the id
of November, when, about fix in the iiiorninj;, we
fuv two fail oilhips ftaiulinj; towards us ; upon which
we made a clear (hip, and immediately gave them
cliace, when we fooii perceived that they were the
Trial and Ceniiirioii prizes. As wc h.ld the wind of
them, we broiij;ht to, and hailed their comiiif; up,
when Captain Saunders camcoii board, nndacquainttd
the cominodoic that he had cleared the Trial, purfuant
to his orders, andhavins.^ feuttlcd her, he remained by
iur till Ihe funk ; but t1iat it was not till the 4th of
Oeb'ber, that this was cfteiScd, by rcafon of the great
(well and hollow fea ; that, during his attendance on
the Hoop, th 'y were all driven fo far to leeward, that
•hey were afterwards obliged to ffrctch a lone way to
the weltward, to regain the ground, they had lolK
He added that ir their cruife they had met no prize,
nor h.ld feen any vcfl'el on all the coaft. At four in
the afternoon, on the 5tli inltant, we difcovcred the
high land of Baranca, and half .in hour after, we faw
a fail to t'le northward, to which wc gave chace, and
cleared cur fliip for engaging; and at ten in the
cvenini;, coniinj up with her, we fired eight puns,
and took her. She came from Ciuiaquil, and was
bound for CalLao, with timber, cacao, cordage, to-
bacco, and a fmall trunk of bate raods, all of little
\.\\u': to lis, but a confiderable lols to the Spaniards.
SIk- was called the Santa Teiefa, and was commanded
by Don Bartolo Urunaga, having between 30 and 40
people on boar<l, paflcngers included, and five or fix
women befides children. Our third lieutenant, two
other officers, and a party of failors were lent on
board to tak-; care of her j and our other prizes being
far a-ftern, occafioned by our chacing this fliip, wc
lay by till four the next morning, and fired a gun
every hour, as a fignal for their joining us.

On the 1 2th of this month, at five in the morning,
wc faw 3 fail, to which we gave chace ; but there
being very little wind, wc manned and armed our
barge, pinnace, and the Trial's pinnace, and Cent them
to take her, and at eight thev boarded and took her,
and brought her to us at half an hour paft ten. She
was called the Carmen, commanded by Signor Mar-
cus Marina, and came out of I'ayta the day before.
She was bound toCall.ao,and laden with iron and cloth.
Wc found an Iri(hman on board named John Wil-
liams, who pretended to be a prifoncr amongft them,
and with much fecming Joy entered with us. He
informed u?, that amongft other fliips in the port of
Payta, they left in the road a bark which was taking
in 400,000 dollars, with which (he would fail for
Panama, in a day or two at farthcft ; and the Spanifli
prifoncrs on being examined, confirming the intel-
ligence, and farther giving fome account of the
, flrcngth of the place, the commotlore refolved to at-
tack it that very night, and made preparations ac-
cordingly. Mr. Tiiomas Simmers, mate of ourfliip,
with one midlhipman, and .about ten or twelve men,
were fcnt to command and take care of this laft prize.
At ten at night we fcnt our barge, and the
Trial's pinnace to attack the town of Payta, and to
take it by furprize. They had 49 men well armed,

Vut. I. N-' 11.

and were commanded by the Lieutenant* llrcft, Den-
nis, and Hughes, who h.ul order', if polfilile, to fc-
cure till' governor of Piyta, and iln.l hiin prifoneroii
board, in order to procure a fup]>ly of privilions, and
a raiifom tor the to.vn. At hilf an hour p.ill eleven
we founded, and foiin I 4 5 fathom watir, the ground
mud 1 the ifland of I, olios bearing N. N. K. at the
diftance of three or four miles. At fevrii in the
morning, Point Otiado, beiii^ the point that forms
the B,iy of Payta, bore S. S. L. two miles dillant, and
the town of Payta, at the fame time, began to opvn in
a diret'l line with it, dillant about four miles j fooii
after which wc f.iw i>iir Britifli colours flying on the
caftle. At ten, the Trial's boat came on board, Jaden
with gold and filver,corn, Wrought plate, jewels, and
rich moveables. The crew informed u«, that they
took the town about two in the iiiorning ; and fhit
though the Spaniards had fomc time bef Me been an-
prifed of our intent, yet they made a very faint refift-
ancc, having fired but two guns t'rom their caftle he-
fore our men landed, and ,1 few fmall arms afterwards j
and then they all quitted the town with th.- grcat.lt
precipitation. The governor and his family m.ade
their efcape in fo much hafte, that his lady was handed
out of a window with no other clothes to cover her
but her (hift. All the inhabitants lied in the like
confufion ; except fome women and children. In
this atlion wc loft one man, Peter Obrian, the com-
modore's fteward, who was ftiot through the brraft
by a mufquet ball ; and had two wounded, namely,
Arthur Lulk, a quarter-mafter, and the Spanilh pilot
of the Tcrefa, wliom we had made u!'c of as a guide,
the firft through the flelhy part of the arm, near the
flioulder, the fecond through the wrlft, but neither
dangeroufly : and I have had it reported from fevcral
officers then on fliore, that our men ran to the attack,
and fired in fo irregular a manner, that it was, and
ftill remains a doubt whether thofc were not fliot by
our people rather than by the enemy. Payta, at the
time of the attack, had a fort with eight guns mounted,
which commanded the town and harbour ; and the
balcony of the governor's houfe, which again com-
manded that fort, and fevcral other houfes were lined
with armed men, of which there might be about 400
in the town j but thefe people having enjoyed a long
|>eace, and being enervated by luxury fo cuftomary in
thofe parts, their arms in a bad condition, and noper-
fon of experience or courage to head them, it is no won-
der that they made fo fmall a refiftance, and were all
driven out of the town in lefs than half an hour, by
only 49 men, but I believe the noife of two drums
which we made ufe of, together with thefuddenefs
of the furprifc, contributed to intimidate them, and
facilitated our fuccefs.

On our getting pofleflion of the caftle, our com*
manding officer very inconfiderately ordered the guns
to be thrown over the walls, w hich accordingly was
executed ; but fome time after, reflecling on the ill
confequencc which might attend that proceeding, he
ordered two of them to begot up and remounted.

This town contained 140 or 150 houfes; We
found in it two churches, which, together with the
governor's houfe and caftle, were the only remarkable
buildings. There were fcveral large ftore-houfes full
of rich European goods, all which were deftroyed
when we fct the town on fire. This afternoon wc
employed in getting ofF the plunder, and provifions
of hogs and fowls, which were here in great plenty.
On tne evening we anchored in ten fathom water,
the town bearing fronvus S. byE. half E. at about
three miles diftance, not being able to get farther in,
by reafon of the flaws of wind from oft the land.

From this time to the 15th we were employed
in getting on board the plunder, which chiefly
conlifted of rich brocades, laced clothes, bales of
fine linens and woolens, and the like ; together
with a great number of hogs, as alfo fome fheep
and fowls, cafes of Spanilh brandies and wines,
a quantity of onions, olives, fweet-meats, &c. all
which the failors hoped would have been equally di-
K k Cided

i7-f

123

THE VOYAGE OF

•74«

vitldl amonf; the fhipt companici, but tlicy fuuiitl
tlictnl't'lvi> dirjppniiitcij.

Wc luuiid in the road one (hip, two fnown, one
fchouiirr, and two quarter g.ilK'ys, all which \vc tuuk
pulFcnion of. The 14th in tlic morning, we faiv u
burk-log, as thry call it, bcin); a fort ol raft, made ol
tlic llumpt of trcci, falicnni together, overlaid with
poU.s, ami covered with fnull tw ig< twilled mat-wile,
with fcveral people in her cuniiiig along Ihore, from
the fouthwaid, Ihe had a fort of mall and fail in her,
and at firlk (i;;ht we knew not what to make of her 1
anil none of our bcati being on board, we lent the
C.iniKii'sbd.il with Mr. i^anj^don, amidlhipman, who
conmiaiuled in the fecoiul plate on board that lliip,
mid li>ine armed peo)<lu to purfue them, wlioperceiv-
im; ii I'lit on llinre, and made their efcapc over the
rucks, Mr. {..ingdoii took their bark-log, whieh he
found to be laden with dried tilli, whiefi we fuppolu
they «trc carrying; lo I'ayta for a market. 'I'liis even-
ing the Spaniard", whn had .ill along api'iared in j;reat
nuii.ber)! from the hills, and were now confideiably
increafed, making a Ihow of vvarlike priparalions ai
if they defigned in the night to attack our people in
the town, they thereu)ion barricaded the (trLef., and
kept very llrict w.itehes, to prevent v fuipiik. Several
iKCios ilelivered tluinfelves up, ilefiring to lie m.ide
pnfoners, that they mi;;ht have foiiie food, and moie
tfpecially water, to keep them from pei ilhiiig ; for the
country thereabouts being for many miles round quite
barren and faiuly, w ithoiit either water or any other
thinj; neeeflary for life, aiwl the nearell tiAvii to them,
nam.il, .IS I tliiiik, Santa Cru/,, whence ii-litf nii.'ht
be got, being a day ami a half or two days journey I'rt',
the people who had left the tnvn were ilia lt.ir\in!.
condition, and we h.id nul.iiuholy accounts of livera
dying among thim chiefly for want of water during
our fniall Hay i anl yet I" gieatly were they inlatu'
ated or frightened, that they n^wrotfered to treat for
the ranfom of thi place, which if they had done, I
belie\c it would iMt have been dillroyedj in which
cafe ihey miirht have feCureJ to themlelves not only
tlnir habitations, but inovifinn and w.iter enough
(till ihey could liiive got a fiefli recruit) which wc
fli'iuKl, on that cuiiditioii, have readily left tlum.

'I'he town terns to be \ery uiilia;ipily fituated on
that and fome other accounts. They having no water
but what is hroueht them by laiul cirri.ige fium fcve-
ral leagues otf'j fo that they are obliged to keep very
confiderable quantities by them in earthen jars, not
only for th^ir own uT.', but for the ihips which
frequently touch here, where they likewife often un-
load, ami take in frelh cargoes. They are in the
fame cafe as 10 plain, bread, anil almoll all other ne-
tedarics of lite i and lie fo open to an enemy, that
the town has been often taken and ruined by the Eng-
lilh, Dutch, iiiid French ; all which inconvcnicncies,
one would imaL'inc, fliould tempt tlum to chan;^e
their fituation : but then the convenience of their trade
is fo ^reat, being the only proper place they can pitch
on for a marl bv-'tween Panama and i'eru, that they
prefer this lucrative convenience to all other con-
fiderations.

Anion" the (laves who had defircd to be entertained
incur ftrviee, was one, who, having been a flave in

Jamaica, had, on the death of his mailer, nbtaiiied his
ilicrtv, and thncujion entered himfelf a fervant to
one of the South-Sea Company's labors, whom he
accompanied to Porto Bello and Panama, and there
got into the fervicc of a Spanilh gentleman, who took
a ureat fancy to him, and with whom he went to Lima
iiil'eru, V. here his mailer likewife dyinir, left him a
very c i.Tulcrablc legacy ; but the power Tjeing now in
tlie'huiids of his executors they not only defrauded
him of his legac\', but made him a flavc a fccond time.
He was ii'Av at Payta with one of his mailers, on his
pafiiigc frmn Lima to Panama, when he took this op-
portunity to come over to us j and being :i handy fel-
low, and .leeurtonicil to w.nit upon gentlemen, he was
inimcdiatdy taken into the commodore's fcrvice, came
with us into Cnjland j anJ, I believe, continued

w ilh him to hi* death. Thii pcrfon p;avf u« fome in-
formation of the defi^ns of the Spaniard, on (liore,
and told uh that wc had killed one or two of them,
and wounded fcveral otheriii but thii account wa<
never, that I know of, f.irther confirmed.

The 15th in the morning, wc lent on Ihore all our
Spanifli, and leveial Indian piilonri!., keepiii)/, all tlu-
blacks, and Inmeoftlie liidi.ins, in .uhll in vvnikiii;'
thefliips, &:c. lo the bl.ick ., who weie .ill or the molt
of them flaves, was uromili.'d tliiir liberty in Liii'.lamI,
in cafe they would Aand by and alhlt u% againll our
enemies the Spaniards j which they all promifed \eiy
cordially ; but ■.'/e cmild foon dilcmer, tliat, notwith-
Handing their li<ining condclcinlinii, molt of theiit
would much rather have continued in their old maf-
ter'j lerviee, ih.in to lail to accept of liberty with
US) not that I believe tliofe people were in love with
llavery, but then it mull be on their own terms, the
Spaitiarils in thole parts being in gieat fe.ir of the In-
dians, whom, thouuh thiy nave fubdiied, ami linn
to have incorporated amoni, ihem, iliev dire not tiull,
but keep tlufe blacks as uuaids, ami iile them well.
The tiuth is, thole Indi.ins h.ive llill piefuvid, by
tradition, from father to ("ii, the memory ot the
great cruelties which the firll Spaniards exercilid in
thofe parts, and are angry enough at their prelVnt
hard uf.ige. They look on theiiililves as the natural
lords of the country, and the Spaniards as covetoui
intruders, ami eruel and inhuman tyrants ; and want
only opportunity to make them fenfible of their re-
feiitment, and to recover their loll country and liber-
ty. It is on this account that the Spaniard, are very
kind to their bl.iek (laves, whom they clitrilh and
encourage highly, and look on them in the fame Ii, lit
as a ftaiiding militia, always ready to arm againll tin IB
Indians ; fothat, th mgh the negros in .ill othei plan-
tations in the Well-Indies are ever ready for re-
volts and tebelliiiiis, iliele, on the contrary, are always
re.idy to defend their kind maflers with their li\es.
In eft'e(5l, they li\e very eafy, are favoured by the
Spaniards, and fcorn and infult the poor Indians,
who in return hate and dctefl both them and their
mailers ; that being all that is left in their power.

This day an order was given to Mr. Brett, the then
commanding officer on fliorc, to burn and deflroy the
town entirely, the two churches, which Hood a little
way from the rell, only excepted, the Spaniards, as hat
been already faid, never having made any advance
towards treatiiii; for its ranfoin.

But now, before I entirely quit the relation of our
tranlaiftion, at this place, it may, perhaps, be ex-
pci'lcd, that I fliould give a more particular account
of the booty we made, and of the lofs the Spaniards
fullained, I have already obfcrved, that there were
great quantities of valuable clleifls in the town, but
as nioii of them were, what wo could neither difpoli;
of, nor carry away, the total of this nitrchandife can
only be gucfTed at. The Spaniards, in their repie-
fentations fent to the court of Madrid fas we weie
afterwards afl'urcd) edimated thkiir whole lofs at a
million and a half of dollars j and when it is con-
fidered, that no fmall part of the goods wc kit be-
hind us, Wire of the richell rnd mod exiicnlive ijiecies,
as broadcloths, filks, cambrics, iclvets, Sic. I c.in-
iiot but think their valuation fuflleicntly iiioderati.

As to ourfclves, the acqiiifition we made, thou; It
inconfidcrablc in comparifon of what wcdellrove.l,
was yet far from defpicable ; for the wrought plate,
dollars, and other coin, which fell into our hands,
amounted to upwards of 30,o?ol. bclides llveral rings,
bracelets, jewels, whofc intiinfic value wc could not
then crtimate : and over and above all this, the ]ilun-
der, which became the property of the immediate
captors, was very great ; fo that, upon the whole, it
was by much the moll imj>ortant booty we met with
upon that coall.

There remains dill another matter to be related,
which on accoutit of the fignal honour, that our na-
tional ch,.ra6lcr in thofe parts has thence received,
and the reputation which our commodore in particular,

has

COMMODORE ANSON.

ha« thereby nrquirnl, merit* a tlifliiiifl anJ circuni-
(liintinl Jilciifli'in, I h.ivc ulriRdy oblcrvol, ih.ii ;itl
thcprilimiis l.ikui by us, wirr iKlbrc iiiir ilc|i.imHi ,
|)ut oil (hiiir .ii<<l ililVli.irj'/il, aiiiciigd whom ilnrt. »Tit
Ibinu iK'iroii* (it I'onlulc i'.ihlu diltiiiiiliuii, c(|,>r( i.iUy a
yuulh about 17 years (it agi', Ion of the viii' |iii.lulciit
of thorouiiiil oi Chili. A'i the baih.irity of the bucia-
nccis, ami thcailliil iilis the ccildi.iltics had mailc
of the aicduiit, h^il lilUil ihc native* of th<ili naintucs
with the mull till iblc iilta* of Kunlilh crv/i|t\, wi
always roiiiiil our iirilbiiris, at their fiilt comi: on
bojid u^, to be ixtriinely ilijicltil, anil uiili ^real
honor anil aiiMity ; |iarticularly this youth, *hii,
having never having been lioin home belure, l.iiiienteil
hi« captivity in the moll niovniL; inaniKi, regretting,
in very |ilaintivc tcrm^ his parents, his brothers, his
fiftcrs, anj liis native country, of all whieh.liewas
fully perfuaJeil, lie bail taken his lall farewel, be-
lieving that he was now devoted lor the remaining part
of his life to an abjedt and cruel lervitudc. Iiuleed,
hi* companions on board, and all the Spaniards thai
came into our power, h.id the lame ilclpoiiding opi-
nion of their fituation. Mr. Anfon conltantly exerted
his utmoll endeavours to efface tliolc tirritying im-
preirions they had received of ui, always taking c.ire,
that as many ot the principal people among them as
there vsas roimi Im, Ihoulil dine at his table by
turns, and giving tlie nmli peremptory orders that they
fhould bo treated with the utmoU decency and human-
ity ; but notwithftaniling all his precaution, it was ge-
nerally obli-rvcd, that (or the firll day or two they
did not quit their fears, fulpeiting the gentlenel's of
their uCagc to be only preparatory to fome unthought
of calamity. However, being at length convinced of
our linccnty, they grew perfectly ealy in their fitua-
tion, and leniatkably chearful ; lb thnt it was often
difpulable whether they confidered their being detain-
ed by us as .1 real misfortune j for the youth 1 have
incntioncil, who w.is ne.ir two months on board us,
had at lali conquereil his melancholy fiirmifes, and
had taken Uieh an aHiition to Mr. Anion, th:it it is
doubtful to mc, whether, if his own opinion had
been alked, he would not have piefericl a voyage to
England in the Centurion, to the being fet on more
:it I'ayta, where he was at libtity to return to li is
country and friend..

I'liis conduct of the comniodure to bis pril'oncis,
which was continued without interruption or devia-
tion, gave tliem all the hi^helHilea of his liumanitv
and bi iii'Miienec, and cce.ilioned tluni likewlfo (as
niunlNJnd are to: id of forming general opinions) toen-
trrLiin very favourable tlioiiij;lirs of the whole Kti'^-
lifti nation ; but whatever tliey might be difpoled to
think of Mr. Anion, before the capture of the Terela,
their veneration for him was prodigioufly increali'dby
his condui^i towards the ladies, whom he took in that
vcfl'el i fo , being informed that there were amo.'-.g
them a niotlier and two dau<;liters of cxquifite beau-
ty, he not only ordered that tluy Ihoiild be left in full
poflHIion of their own apartments, but alio on the I'e-
v.red penalty lorbade any of the common people to
approaih them : and that they might be the more cer-
tain of having tlKli- ori!crs complied with, or other-
wife of havi;ig the means of complaining, he per-
mitted the pilot, who in Spanifh fliips is generally the
fecond perfon on board, to (lay with thcni as a guar-
di^in and proteitor. 'I'hefe were nieafiins that feemcd
fo ditti-renl from what might have been expected fiom
an eiiiniy and a heretic, that the Spaniards on board,
thoii^li thcv h id experienced his benelicence were I'lir-
priled at this new inllance of it ; and the more fo, as
all was done wiihout the folicitation or the interpofi-
tion of one friend in their favour. 'I"hc ladies were
fo fenfible of tho obligations thev owed the com-
mander, that they abfolutely rertitld to go on (hore at
Fnyta til! they had been permitted to wait on him on
board the Centurion, there perfonally to return thanks
for his civilities. Indeed all thcpriloners left us with
the ftrongell alliirantes of their grateful remembrance
gf his uncommon Irc.'.tnunt. A Jel'uit, in particu-
7

lar, wliom the commodore had taken, unJ wliow.uin 17.(1
eceUliallic of fome diftinCllon, eoull not help ex- ^— v— -^
prelling hmilelf with great thanklulntl« for thetiuli-
lies whiih heand hiscountrymrn hail loiiiid onboard)
declaring, that he would conlider it .is hu duty to du
Ml. Anliin julhce at all times 1 a.lding, Ihit hi*
iilage <if the men prilimcrs was fuch as never could be
tiirgolteii, and I'ueh as he fliould never fill to .itknow-
leilge on all otc.dioiis, but that his behaviour to the
I idles was lo extraordinary, and fo extremely honour-
.iblr, that he doubted if a'l the regard due to his own
etelel'ialtieal character would be liifficieiit lo render it
ciedible. Indeed ue were afterwards informed that ho
and the relt of our priloners had not bun .'iUnt on this
head, but that at Lima, and at other places, they bad
given ihe greatelt encomiums to our commodore. The
Jefuit, in particular, as we wcic told, on this account,
in a lax and hypothetieal (end- inteinreted tlic article
of his cluirch which alVcrts the impolhbility of heretics
being laved.

After we had fininied oiir bufinefv, fit tlic town
inflames, and got the trealiire on board, Mr. Hrett, _., ., k„ „
theolficir who commanded the attack, having col- p^. ,',.
leiiled his men together, was directing his march to-
wards the beach, where the boats waited to take them
on board, when the .Spaniards on the hill behind the
town, oblerving his relieat, refolved to tiy if they
could not precipitate his departure i and thereby lay
fome foundation for future bo.iftlng. To this end, a
party of horfe, all picked men, lingltd out for this
daring enterpri/,e, marched down the hill with mucli
feeming lel'oliition ; lo that, had we not ent' rtained 11
jull opinion of their piowel's, we nii^ht h:". e ima-
gined, that, now we were upon the op.n be.;cii, with
no advantages of lituatioii, they would certainly iiavc
charged us : but W'- prefumed, and we were not mil-
taken, that all this »as mere oltcntation; for, not-
witblfaiuling the pomp and parade they at firll came
on with, Mr. Urett had no fooncr ordered his men to
halt and face about, tli.in the enemy (topped their ca-
reer and never dared to advance a Hep lanher.

When our people arrived .nt their boats and were
ready to go on board, they were for fome time retarded
by mining one of their number; and biing unable,
on their miitii;'.! enquiries among each other, to in-
form themfeKes where he was left, or by what acci-
dent he w.is detained, after a confiderable delay, they
refolved to get into their boats, and to depart without
him : but, when the lalf man was actually embarked,
and the boats were jiift put off, they he.aid him call-
ing to them to take him in. The place was by this
time fo thoroughly on (ire, ami the finokc covered the
beach (b effectually, that they could fearccly diieern
him, though they heard his voice. However, llie lieu-
tenant inltantly ordered one of the boats to his relief
whofe crew found him up to his chin in water, for he
had wadeil as faras he durlt,l)eing extremely frightened
with the apprehenfions of falling into the hands of the
enemy, enraged, as they mull be at the pillage
and dellruclion of their town. On enquiry into
thccauleof his Aaying behind, it was found that he
had taken that morning too large a do;e cf brandy,
which had thrown him into fo found a flcep, that he
did not awake till the fire came near enough to I'eorch
him. He was flrangely amar.cd, at the lirlt opening
of his eyes, to fee the houfes in a blaze on one fide, and
feveral Sjianinrds and Indians not far from him on the
other, the gre.itnefs and fuddennefs of his fright, in-
(lai '\v reduced him into a itate of fobriety, ami gnve
hir 1 iflicieiit prefence of mind to piifli through the
thii .elt of the (iiioke, as the likclicft means to efc.-pe
the enemy; and making the beft of his way to the
beach, he ran as fir into the water as he could (for he
could not Iw'im,) lieforc he ventured to look back.
By the time our people had helped their comrade
out of the water, and were making the belt of their
way to the fquadron, the flames had taken p.)lTeflionof
every part of the town, and burned fo furfouflv, both
by means ol cumbuftibles that had been ditlributcd
for that purpofc, and by the flightnels of the ma-
terials

114

THE VOYAGE OK

'741

tcriatsof which the hou(cs were compofcd, and their
nptitude to take fire, that it was futficiently appa-
rent no efforts of the enemy (tliough they flocked
down in great numbers) could poflibly put a ftop to
it, or prevent the entire dtftrui5lion of tiie place, and
all the merchandile contained therein. Our detach-
ment having now fafeiy joined thefquadron, the com-
modore prepared to leave the place the fame evening,
at feven. Cape Blanco in lat. 4deg. 28 min. S. and
lone. 88 deg. 16 min. W. from London, bore from us
S. S. E. half £. about fcven or eight miles diUant.
This afternoon and the next day we employed in ta-
king the mod ufeful and valuable things out of the
Santa Tcrefa and the Payta bark : we likewifc de
figning to take every necelFary thing which we con
venicntly could out of the Santa Terefa, in order to
dcftroy her, and bring our ftrength into a Icfscom-
pnfs, took her in tow, and fet the Payta bark on
fire, with the fame view. The next day we deftroyed
the Santa Terefa in the fame manner, Laving got out
of them both fome anchors, cables, hawfers, yards,
and iop-mafts, blocks, bales of goods, and Icveraj
other neccflaries.

On the 17th, at three in the afternoon, the Glou-
celler, with a prize of her's in tow, joined us. This
prize was called The Del Oro, and was chiefly
laden with wine ) however, out of her, and a fmafl
boat which they took going along ftiore, they got, in
gold, filver, and wrought plate, to about the value of
i7ori8,oool. Thefe two were all the prizes the
Gloucefter took in thofe feas.

On board this prize of the Gloucefter, ((ays our
author) were twohorfes, which being, I fuppolc, fat,
and probably better in tallc than their fait beef or pork,
tlicy killed for food ; and this, I imagine, gave ground
to that fiiSlion which one of the fpurious accounts of
our voyage has given, of our eagerly hunting and
eating wild horfes, whereas in reality we never faw
nor heard of a wild horfe during the voyage.

The Gloucefter had chaced two or three mips, which
had efcaped her, and one of thofe touched at Payta ;
and though they could give no certain account that
the fliip which had chaced them was an enemy, yet the
circumftances they gave were fo ftrong, that it put
the people of Payta, upon fecuring their treafure,
and the bcft of their eftlcls, not caring to be too
well provided for the profit of fuch unwelcome vifi-
tants.

The Jift, at half paft five in the morning, we faw
the ifland of Plata, fo called from Sir Francis Drake's
having, as it is faid, divided the treafure he took in
the South Seas, at this place. At two this afternoon,
the port of Manta bore S. E. by E. diftant about eight
or nine leagues ; we at this time fent fix months pro-
vifions on board the Carmen ; and all the (hips had
orders, in cafe of fcparation, for feveral places of ren-
dezvous, on the coaft of Mexico, or, in cafe of not
meeting there, to make the beft of their way to Ma-
cao in China, where they were to wait for the arrival
of the commodore.

Onthe22dadiviAonwasmadeof the plunderof Pay-
t.n, and here we cannot but nbfervc a great difference
between the relations given by Pafcoe Thomas, and
that given by Mr. Walters ; the former having af-
fertecT, that the commodore did not interfere in the
diltribution ; the latter, that it was by his prudent
management, th.it a jcaloufy, which had anfen be-
tween thofe who were the real captors, ...d thofe who
remained on board the fhip, was accommodated.
Mr. Walters's account of the matter is as follows: —
And now, fays he, (while the ihips lay to, in hopes
of joining the Gloucefter) a jeatoufy, which had
taken its rife at Payta, between thofe who h.id been
commanded on fliore for the attack, and thofe who
Had continued on board, grew to fuch a height, that
the commodore, beingmade acquainted with it thought
it ncceflary to interpole his au^ority to oppofe it.
The ground of this animofity was the plunder gotten
at Payta, which thofe who had afled on fhore had ap-
propriated to themfclvcs, confidcring it as a cewardfor
6

the rifques they had run, and the refolution they had
fhevvn in that fervice. But thofe who had remained
on board, looked on this as a very pa'rtial and uniuft
procedure, urging th.it, had it been left to their
choice, they fhouTd have i)referrcd the ading on fhorc
to the continuing on board j that their duty while
their commanders were on fhore was extremely fa-
tiguing : for, befides the labour of the day, they were
conltantly under arms all night, to fecure the pri-
foners, whofe numbers exceeded their own, and of
vthomit was then neceffary to be extremely watchful,
to prevent any attempts there might have been formed
in that critical conjun£iurc, that, upon the whole, it
could not be denied, but that the prcfence of a fufli-
cicnt force on board was as neceflary to the fuccefs of
the entcrprize, as the .iftion of the others on fhore ;
and, therefore, thofe who had continued on board,
maintained, that they could not be deprived of their
fhare of plunder without manifefl injuftice. Thefe
were the contefts amongft our men, which were carried
on with great heat on both fides ; and, though the
plunder in queftion was a very trifle in comparTfon of
the treafure taken in the place (in which there was no
doubt but thufe on board had an equal rit>ht) yet as
the obftinacy of failors is not always reguFatcd by the
importance of the matter in difpute, the commodore
thought it neceffary to put a flop to this ferment
betimes. Accordingly, on the morning after our
leaving Payta, he ordered all hands upon the quarter
deck, where, addreffing liimfelf to thofe who had been
detached on fhore, he commended their behaviour,
and thanked them for their fervices on that occafion ;
but then, reprefenting to them the reafons urged by
thofe who had continued on board, for an equal dif-
tribution of the plunder, he told them that bethought
thofe reafons very concluftve, and that the expei^lations
of their comrades were juftly founded } and therefore,
he infifted that not only the men, but all the officers
likcwife who had been employed in caking the place,
fhould produce the whole of their plunder immediately
upon the quarter-deck, and that it fhould be impar-
tially divided amongft the whole crew, in proportioit
to each man's rank and commiilion : and, to prevent
thofe who had been in pofleflion of the plunder from
murmuring at this diminution of their fhare, the
commodore added, that, is an encouragement tu
others who might be hereafter employed on like fer-
vices, he would give his entire fhare to be diftributed
amongft thofe who had been detached for the attack
of the place. I'hus, this troublefome aft'air, which,
if permitted to have gone on, might, perhaps, have
been attended with mifchievous conlcquences, was,
by the commodore's prudence, foon appcafed, to the
general fatisfadlion of the fhip's company; not but
there were fome few whofe fellifh difpofitiuns were
uninfluenced by the juftice of this procedure, and who
were incipableof dilcerning the force of equity, how-
ever glaring, while it tended to deprive them of any
part uf what they had once got into their hands.

Being now joined by the Gloucefter and her prize,
it was refolved that we fhould ftand to the northward
and make the beft of our way either to Cape St. Lu-
cas, in California, or to Cape Coricntes, on the
coafl of Mexico; indeed, the commodore, when at
Juan Fernandez, had determined to touch in the
neighbourhood of Panama, and to endeavour to get
fome currefpondcnce over land with the fleet under
the command of Admiral Vernon, for when he de-
parted from England, he left a large force at 'Portf-
mouth, which was intended to be lent to the Weft-
Indies, there to be employed in an expedition againft
fome of the Spanifh fettlements, and Mr. Anion,
taking it for granted that this enterprize had fuccecded,
and that Porto Bcllo might perhaps be then garrifoned
with Britifh troops, he hoped that, on his arrival at
the ifthmus, he fhould eafily procure an intercourle
with our countrymen on the other fide, either by
means of the Indians, who were gieatly difpofed in
our favour, or through the Spaniards themfelves,
fome of whom, for proper rewards might be induced to

fttif

COMMODORE ANSON.

I2S

tarry on his intelligence, which, after it w:is once
begun might be continued viith very little difficulty,
lb that Mr. Anfon flattcreil him by thcle means he
might h.ive received a reinforcement fioni the otlier
fide, and by lettling a prudent planofoiierntions with
our commanders in the Wcit-lndies, he might even
have taken Panama itfelf, which would have given to
the Jjritilh nation, the pofleinoa of that ilthmus,
whereby we Ihould have been in ctt'eit, maftcrs of all
the treafure-i of Peru.

Such were the projcfls which the commodore rc-
volvLil in his thoughts, at the id.md of Juan Fernan-
dei, r.otwilhftmJing the feeble condition to which
he was then reduced; but on examining the papers
which *erc found on board the Carmelo, the firft prize
that we took, we learned that the attempt .igainft Car-
thagena had failed, and that there was no probability
tliatour fleet in that part of the world wouldengage in
any new cntcrprize which would at all facilitate this
plan. Mr. Anfon therefore gave over all hopes of be-
ing reinforced acrofs the ifthmus, and conl'equently
had no inducement at prcfent to proceed to Pan.ama,
as he was incapable of attacking the place, and there
was great rcafon to believe that, by this time, there was
a general embargo on all die coalt. The only feafible
meafure then which was left us, was to llcer a-; foon
as pofliblc to the fouthern parts of California, or to
the adjacent coaft of Mexico, there to cruife for the
Manilla galleon, which, we knew was now at fea,
bound to ihc port of Acapulco ; and we doubted not
but we IhoulJ get on that flation time enough to in-
tercept her : but there was a bufnefs which we fore-
faw would occafion fdme delay, and that was recruit-
ing our water, it being impolfible to think of ven-
turing upon this paflage to the coail of Mexico till
we had procured a frcfu fupply. It was for fome time
a matter of deliberation, where we (hould take in this
ncceflary article ; but by confulting the accounts of
former navigators, and, examining our prifoners,
wc at lall refolvcd for the illand of Quibo, fuuated at
the mouth of the bay of Panama ; nor was it but on
good grounds that the commodore conceived this to be
the propereft place for watering the fquadron. Indeed,
there was the fmall ifland called Cocoas, which was
Icfs out of our way than Quibo, where fome of the
buccaneers had pretended to find water, but none of
our prifoners knew any thing of it, and it was thought
too dangerous to rifque the fafety of the fquadron,
by cxponiig ourfelves to the hazard of not meeting with
water when we came there on the mere authority of
thofc legendary writers, of whofc mifrcprefentations
and falfitics we had almoft daily experience. Deter-
mined, therefore to take in water at Quibo, we di-
recled our courfe northward, being eight fail in com-
pany, and confequently having the appearance of a
very formidable fleet ; and on the igth, at day-break,
we difcovered Ca|>e Blanco, bearing S. S. K. half E.
fevcn miles diftant. By this time wc found that
our laft prize, the Solidad, was far from anfwcring
the charadlcr given of her as a good failor ; and ihe and
the Santa Terefa delaying us confiderably, the com-
modore commanded thcin to be cleared of every thing
that might prove ufeful to the reft of the (hips, and
then to be burnt. And having given proper inftruc-
tions, and appointed a rendezvous to the Gloucefter,
and to the prizes in cafe of feparation, we proceeded
in our courfe to Quibo.

On the 25th, Point Manta bore S. E. by S. at
fevcn miles diftance, and there being a town of the
fame name in the neighbourhood. Captain Mitchell,
in the Gloucefter, took the opportunity of fettingon
fliore feveral of his prifoners. The boats were now
daily employed in diftributing provifions on board
the prizes to complete their fix months flock, and that
the Centurion might be the better prepared to give the
Manilla Ihip a warm reception, if happily (he fliould
fall in our way, the carpenters were ordered to fix
eight flocks on the main and fore-tops, which were
properly fitted for the mounting of fwivcl guns.

r After coming in fight of the ifland of Uallo, they

Vol. I. N» la.

crofted the Bay of Panama, and in their pafTago
had fultry weather, frequent calms and heavy rains,
which attended them as far as the 7th degree of
north latitude. They burned Captain Mitchell's
largeft prize on the 27th, and on the 3d of December
they faw Quibo, the tall end of it bearing, W. N. W.
but kept oft' all night on account of the ihonls at the
entrance of the channel. At fix the next morning*
they faw Point Manta, at the dittancc of about three
leagues, and all the vefl'els, except the Centurion, were
very near point in weathering it i and the Gloucefter,-
being moft to the leeward, wasobliged to tack and ftand
to the fouthwaid. At length the reft of the vefills
came to an anchor at (even in the evening.]

The next morning, fays my author, an ofiiccr was
difpatched on ftiore to difcover the watering placey
who having found it, returned before noon ; and then
we lent our long-boat for water, and, at the lame
time, weighed and ftood farther in with our (hips,
for the convenience of being fooner fupplied ; To that
we were little more than two days in laying in all the
wood and water wc wanted.

Wiiile the fliip continued at anchor here, the com-
modore, attended by fome of his officers, went to ex-
amine a bay which lay to the northward, and they
afterwards ringed all along the eaftern fide of the
ifland. In the places where they put on (hore in the
courfe of this expedition, they gi-nerally found the
foil to be rich, and met with great plenty of excel-
lent water. In particular, near the north-weft part
of the ifland, they difcovered a natural cafcade, which
furpafl'ed, as they conceived every thing of this kind^
which human art had ever yet produced. It was a
river of tranfparent water, about forty yards wide,
which rolled down a declivity of near a huiulieJ
and fifty feet in length. The channel itfelf wa? very
irregular, entirely compofed of rocks, both its fides
and bottom being made up of large detached blocks,
and by thcfe the courfe of the water was frequently in-
terrupted i for in fome parts it ran floping with a rapiJ
but un^orm motion, whilft in others it tumbled over
rocks with a perpendicular defcent. In the neighbour-
hood of this ftream was a fine wood, and even the
huge malTcs of rock which over-hung the water, and
which, by their various projedions, formed the in-
equalities of the channel, were covered with lofty
foreft trees. While the commodore, with thofe that
accompanied him, were attentively viewing this place
and were remarking the different blendings of the water,
the rocks, and the wood, there came in figlit, as it
were to heighten and animate the profpedt, a pro-
digious flight of Macaws, which hovering over this
fpot, .-ind often wheeling and playing on the wing
above it, afforded a moft brilliant appearance by the
glittering of their variegated plumage.

Within three days we completed our bufinefs in
this place, and were impatient to depart, that wc
might arrive time enough on the Mexican coaft to
intercept the galleon j but the wind being contrary,
detained us a night ; and when we had gained an
ofling, while wc were hovering about, in hopes of
getting fight of the Gloucefter, on the 2Cth we dif-
ccrned a fmall fail to the northward, to which we
gave chace, and took her. She proved to be a bark
from.Panama, called the Jefu Nazarciui, laden with
oakum, rock fait, and a fmall quantity of money to
purchafc a cargo of provifions at Cheripc, which
has a good market, though it is but an incon-
fidcrable village on the continent. On the 12th of
September wc joined the Gloucefter, and found that,
in tacking to the fouthward on her firft approach to
the ifland, (he had fprung her forc-top-maft w hich had
difabled her from working to windward, and prevented
her from joining us fooner. We now fcuttlcd and
funk the Jefu Nazareno, and on the 12th of Decem-
ber ftood to the wcftward, having prcvioufly delivered
fre(h inftruAions for the conduit of the fleet.

Wc had now little doubt of arriving foon cnouglt

upon our intended ftation, as we expedcd to fall iii

with the regular trade wind ; but, to our extreme

L 1 vexation.

1741

126

THE VOYAGE OF

1742

vexation, we were baffled (or near a month, fo that it
was the 25th of December before we law ihc ifland of
Cocoas, which, according to our rcikoniiijr, was only
an hundred leagues from the continent ; and even then
we had the mortification to malce lb little way that
wc did not lofe fight of that idand again in five days.
We had flattered ourl'elves that the uncertain and
weftern gales we met with, were owing to the neigh-
bourhood of the continent, from which, as wc got
more diftant, we hoped to be relieved, by falling in
with the regular eallcrly wind; but being likcwil'c
diCippointcd in this, we began at length to defpair
of the great purpofe which wc hail in view. This
produced a general dejedtion amoncft us, having con-
iidcrcd the projeft as almoft infallible, and indulged
ourfelvcs in the boundlefs hopes of the advantages we
Ihould receive from it. However, our defpondcncy
was in fomc meafurc alleviated by a favour.ible change
of the wind ; and as wc now advanced apace to our
Ifation, our hopes began to revive. On the 17th of
January we were .advanced to the lat. of 12" 50'
north ; and, on the 26th of Januar)-, finding our-
felvcs to the northward of Acapuico, we tacked and
llood to the eaftward, with a view of making the
l.md ; and wc cxpefted by our reckonings to have
fallen in with it on the 28th, yet though the weather
was perfectly clear, wc had no fign of it at fun-fet.
About ten at night, we dilcoverea a light on the lar-
board bow bearing N. N. E. from us, and foon after
the Trial's prize made the fignal for feeing a fail.
As none of us had any doubt but that what wc faw
was a fliip's light, we were all extremely ani-
mated with a firm perfuafion that it was the Manilla
galleon, which had h long been the obje£V of our
wiflies. We immediately caft off the Carmelo, and
prefled forwards with all our canvas, making a fignal
to the Gloucefter to do the fame. 'I'hus we chaced
the light, keeping all our hands at their refpeftive
quarters, under an expectation of engaging within
half an hour, as at fome times we conceived the ch.ice
to be about a mile diftant, and at others to be within
the reach of our guns. In this conftant and eager
cxpeftation we continued all night, always prefuming
that another quarter of an hour would bring us up
to this Manilla ftiip ; but when day-li"ht came we
were vcxatioudy difappointed, finding that the light
which had occafioned all the cxpedtancy, was only
a fire on the fhorc. At fun-rife, after this mortifying
delufion, we found ourfelvcs about nine leagues off
land. Being now in the track of the Manilla galleon,
it was a doubt with us, being near the end of January,
whether flie was arrived or not ; but, exarhining our
prifoners about it, they affured us that (he was fome-
times known to come in after the middle of February ;
and they endeavoured to pcrfuade us that the fire we
had feen on fhoic was a proof that (he was yet at fea,
it being cuftom.ary, they laid, to make ulc of thcfe
fires as fignals for her direction when flie continued
cut longer than ordinary. On account of this rea-
foning of our prifoners, we refolvcd to cruife for her
fome days j and wc accordingly fpread our (hips at
the dift.ance of 12 leagues from the coaft, in fucli a
manner that it wasimpolfible (he (hould pafs us uii-
cbfervcd ; however, not feeing her foon, wc were fo-
licitous to gain fomc pofitive intelligence. With
this view, tiie commodore refolvcd to fend a boat,
under cover of the night, into the harbour of Aca-
puico, to fee whether the Manilla (hips were there or
not. To execute this enterprifc, the barge was dif-
patched on the 6th of February, carrying a fulficient
crew, and two ofHcers, alfo a Spani(h pilot and an
Indian. She did not return till the iith, when the
officers acquainted Mr. Anfon, that they had miltaken
the harbour, and that Acapuico lav confiderably
more to the eaftward ; fo that not having a fuffi-
cicnt quantity of provifions, they were obliged to
return, to make known their dilappointmcnt. On
this intelligence, we made f.iil to the eaftward ; and,
the next d;iy, we difpatched the barge with particu-
lar inftruftions to the crew to keep at a fufKcicnt

diftance not to be feen from the fliorc. We watched
fix days without receiving any intelligence, fo that
wc began to be iineal'y for hci lately ; but on the ytli
(he returned with advice that being at the very place
they fought for, though they were then ii^nurant of
their fituation, they lurprifed a fiihing canoe with
three nep, roes on board, who told them that the Ma-
nilla (hip had arrived at Acapuico on the 9th of Ja-
nuary, but tliat having delivered her cargo, (he was
taking in water and provifions in order to reiinn,
and that the Viceroy of Mexico had fixed herdipai-
tureforthc 14th of March. 'I'liis lalt intelligeiKc
was mod joyfully received by us, fince wc hail no
doubt but that (he mult fjll into our hands ; and it wa»
much more eligible to Icize her on her return than be-
fore her arrival, as the money for which (he had fold
her cargo, and which (he would have now on board
would be much more tlteemed by us than the cargu
itfelf. 'i bus were wea fccond time engaged in an eai^er
expcdtation of meeting with this Manilla (hip, whi'eli,
by the fame of its wealth, we had been taught to con-
fider as the moft dcfirable capture that could be made
on any part of the ocean. As it was the 17th of
February when the barge returned ;'nd brought us our
intelligence, the commodore rel'olved to continue the
greater part of the intermediate time in his ilation to
the weftward of Acapuico, in order to avoid a difeo-
vcry from the (Ijorc. During this interval we were fd
flrongly prcpoflclTed with tlie certainty of our intel-
ligence, and with an affurance of her coming out of
port,thatoneor other was conftantlyimagiiiinij that he
difcovcrcdoneofour cutlers returning with the fignal.
Thus difappointed, however, we did not defpair, nor
did wc abate of our vigilance ; but after remaining till
the 25th of March, wc at length concluded (and we
afterwards found it true) that we h.-ul beei. difcovcred,
and that, in confequrnce, an embargo had been laid
upon the galleon, and her departure poltponcd till the
next year. The cutters having finiihed their cruife
before the harbour, returned to the fquadron, and the
(ignal being given for the fleet to join, it was deter-
mined to retire to Chcquctan, in order to take in a
frefh fupply of water, our (lock being then nearly cx-
haufted. In the mean time, a cutler commanded by
Mr. Hughes, lieutenant of the Trial's prize, wasor-
dered to continue off the harbour of Acapuico for 24
days, that if the galleon (hould fet fait in that time
wc might be fpcedily informed of it.

Wc entered the harbour of Chequetan on the
5th of April. It lies in i7'"36'of north latitude,
and is about 30 leiigucs to the weflward of Acapuico.
The watering place iias the appeariince of a large
(tanding lake, without any vifible outlet to the t'vj,
from which it is fcpnrated by a partof tlic (Irand. The
origin of this lake is a fpring that bubbles out of the
ground, near half a mile up the country. Wc found
its water a little l>racki(li, but cnnlidcrably more fo to-
wards the fea fide, but the nearer we advanced tow.iros
the fpring head, the foftcr and frefiier it proved. TiiK
laid us under a nccedity of filling all our ca(l;s from
the fartheft part of the lake, which, however, wai
facilitated by means of canoes that travcrfed the lake,
and brought a number of fmall calks to the iidc
next the beach ; there the water was (larted into 1: rger
velTtls in the boats, and by that contrivance brought
on board with very little trouble.

The country hereabouts, particularly the tra£t nf^
the coaft contiguous to Acapuleo, appearing tobcj',
well cultivated and peopled, we hop<'d eafily to pro-
cure from thence fome fie(h piuvilions and other re-
frefhmeiits of which wc (food in need. To facilitate
thefe views, the morning after uc came to an anchor,
the commodore ordered a party of 40 men well armed,
to march into the country, and endeavour to difcover
fome town where they were to fet on foot a correfpon-
dence with the inhabitants ; as, when we once begin
this inlercourfe, wc doubted not but by projier prefcnts
we (liould allure them to brinj' us down whatever
fruits or fre(h provifions were in tin ir power. As our
prizes abounded with various furt^ of coarfe merchan-
6 iiir

Icfl'.icuaile-

COMMODORE ANSON.

157

Icf^iic'.an ilc-

diff which were of liulcconfcqucnce tous, though to
them they would bi; extremely valuabK-, ojr piople
were directed to proceed with thegrcatLll lirniml'pec-
tioiionthis occalion, and to make as little flicw of
hoftility a.-i polFible j for we were fenfiblc '.h it we could
find no wealth in thole parts worth our notice ;
and thought that what neceflaries we really wanted,
would be better, and more abundantly fupplicd, by
an open, amicable traffic, than by violence and
force of arms. But this endeavour of opening a com-
merce with the inhabitants proved ineftcctual, and
thertlore wc defifted from any more attempts of the
fame nature, contentinR ourfclvcs with what we could
procure in the neighbourhood of the port where we
lay. We caught fiflj in abundance ; among the reft
were bream, mullets, foals, fiddle-fifh, and Icib-
ftcrs i and we here, and in no other place met with
that extraordinary tilh called the totpedo, which is
in ftiapc very much refembling the fiddle-hili, and is
only diftinguifticd from it in appearance by a brown
circular fl>ot of about the bipnefs of a crown piece
near the center of its back. This fiflj is, indeed, of
amoft iingular nature, benumbing whoever touches it
all over his body, but more particularly that limb which
happens to come immediately in contact wiih it ; the
iame effeft, too, will be in fomc tlegree produced by
touching the filh with any thing held in the hand ;
and it has lately been difcovercd, that it may be com-
municated like the clciftrical ftrokc to a large circle, by
means of a certain apparatus much more fimple than
that which is ufed in experiments in elciSricity.

The animals which we met with on (horc, were
chiefly guanoes, with which the country abounds, and
which by fome arc reckoned dclitious-food. We faw
no beads of prey, except we (hould cftcem tliat am-
phibious creature the alligator as fuch ; I'everal of
which our people difcovercd, but none of them very
large. It is, however, certain, that there were great
numbers of tygers in the woods, t- ,ugh none of them
happened to make their appearance while we remained
upon the coaft. Parrots and pheafants were found in
plenty, but by no means proper food, being dry and
tafteli'fs, though they were often killed and eaten, be-
ing by fome thought preferable to fait provifions.

the papah, lime, and a little four plumb, were all
the fruits the woods furniihed, and of thefe there were
but a fcanty portion ; nor was there any other ufeful
vegetable, except brook-lime, which, being eftccmed
an anlifcorbutic, was frequently eaten, though from
its hitterncfs it was exceedingly unpalatable.

While we lay at Chequctan, it was refolved, after
mature deliberation, to deftroy all our prizes, as the
whole number of men on board our fquadron did not
amount to the complement of a fourth-rate man of
war. It was therefore judged moft prudent to fct
fire to the fllips, and to divide the men between the
Centurion ami Glouccfter, now, preparing to fet fail
for China. Bcfides the ncceflary repairs for a voyage
of fuch a length, the removal of their (fores and car-
goes into the men of war took up fo much time,
that it W.1S the end of April before we were in a con-
dition to leave the place.

It fliould have been remarked, that from this har-
bour of Chequetan wc difcovercd but one path-way
through the woods into the country j and ;is this was
much beaten, we were from that circumllance con-
vinced, that it was not unfrequented by the natives.
As it pafl'cd by the fpring-head, and was the only
avenue by which the Spaniards could approach to fur-
prife us, we, at fome diil.ance from the fpring-head,
felled feveral large trees, and laid them one upon ano-
ther, acrofs the path, and at this barricadoe wc con-
ttantly kept a guard. We, bcfides, ordered our men,
cmplo)^^! in watering, to have their arms always in
re.idincfs, in cafe of an alarm, and to march inftantly
to his port. And, though our princip.il intention
herein was to prevent our being dillurbed by the ene-
my's horfe, yet it anfwered another purpofe, which
was, to hinder our people from llraggling fmgly into
the country, where we had rcafon to believe they

would he furprifid by the Sp.iniarili;, wlio wiuUl
doubllefs be very folicitou^ to pick up f inieot th m,
n hopes of getting intelligence of our lutuie diliiiii-.
To avoid this inconvenieme, tl>e flricUd orocrs weie
given to the centinels, to let nopeifon whatever puii
beyond this poft, but notwithlUnding this p;ec:iutiui),
wc miflcd one Lewis 1 ejjere, who was ilie comnui-
lore's cook, as he was a frenchman and a Roman ca-
tholic, it wasfiriHniaiiincd tli:;t he h.ul deferl.'d with
a view of betraying alF that he knew to liie enemv,
though this appeared by the event, to be an ill-
group.ded furmile : for it was al'ierwards know n, that
he had been t.ikcn by fome Indians, who carried him
prifoner to Ac:ipuleo, from whence he was tranl|)orlid
to Mexico, and from ihence to Vera Crii/i where ho
was Ihippeil on board a vcflcl bound to Uld Spain.
lint, the veflM Iwing obliged by finic accident to put
into Lilbon, Legere clcaped on (liorc, and was by the
BriliHl coiilut feiit from ihenie to Kni'l.iiid, where
he gave the firft autheiiiic ;Kci>uiit of the l.ifety of th.'
commodore, and of liis priiicipiil tranf.ictii lis in the
South Seas. The relation he gave of liis own
fei/.uie, was tliat he rambled into the wood-, at fi.iiio
diftance from the barricadoe w here he had fult at-
tempted to pafs, but had been ilopt and threatened to
be puniflied j that his principal view was together a
quantity of limes for his mailer's Itores, and that in
this occupation he was furpriled unawares by four In-
dians, who Aript him naked, aiidcarriedhiminlii.it
condition to Acapuico, expofed to thcfcorching heat
of the fun, which at that time of the year (hone wiili
its grcateft violence ; that afterwards, at Mexico, his
treatment was fufSciently fevere ; fo that the whole
courfe of his captivity was a 'oiitinued indaiicc of
the hatred which the Spaniards h^M to all thofe who
endeavour todillurb them in the peaceiiblepon'^fhoM of
the coafts of the South Seas. Indeed, Legerc's for-
tune was, upon the whole, extremciv fiiiL'.ular ; as,
after the hazards he had run in the commodore's fqua-
dron, and the fevcrities he had fuftered in his Ion.;
confinement among the enemy, a more fatal difailer
attended him on his return to En<;Iand ; for though,
when he arrived in London, fome of Mr. Anion's
friends intcrefted tliemfelves in relieving him from tlic
poverty to which his captivity had reduced him, vet
he did I'ot long enjoy the benefit of their hiinianitv,
fince he was kill'.d in an infignificajit night-brawl,
the caufe of which could fcarcely ever be dilcovered.
When we were necc(ritated to proceed to Chequetan
to recruit our water, the commodore confidcred that
our arrival in that harbour would foon be known at
Acapuico: and therefore he hoped, that on the intel-
ligence of our being employed in that part, the gal-
leon might put to fea, efpecialJy as Chequctan is (o
very remote from the courfe generally fleered by the
galleons : he therefore ordered the cutter, as has been
already noticed, to cruize 24 days ofl" the port of Aca-
puico, and her commander wasdirecl'id, on perceiv-
ing the galleon under fjil, to make the bell of his
way to the commodore at Chequct.in. As the Cen-
turion was certainly a much better failor than the cal-
leon. Mr. Anion, in this cafe, relolved to have got
to fea as foon as podiblc, and to have purfucd the gal-
leon .tcrofsthc Pacific ocean j however the viccrov of
Mexico ruined this project, by detaining the galleon
in port all the year.

Towards the latter end of April, all things bcir.g
In readinefs for failing, the Centurion and Gloucefler
weighed anchor > and, having gained an o(Hii^, the
prizes were fet on fire, and a canoe fixed to a grap-
ple in the middle of the harbour, with a bottle in it«
well corked, inclofing a letter to Mr, Hughes, dirciTl-
ing him to go back immediately to his former Ifation,
before Acapuico, where he would find Mr. Anion,
who refolved to cruife for him in that ftation fom.-
days. Indeed, it was no fmall mortification to us,
now we were at fea, and the ftormy feafon approach-
ing, that we were detained by the abfenceof the cut-
Itcr, and under the necelTity of ifanding towards Aca-
puico in fcarch of her. As the time of her cruife
had

174/

Ail'rr.'ei
l.trtl'. l.<

THE VOYAGE OF

i-.H

haJ boon ckiiiicJ near a fortnight, we fufpcacd that
(he hail been difcovcrcd from the ihore, and that the
governor of Acapulco had thereupon fent out a force
to Icize her ; which as flie carried but fix hands, was
no very difficult enterprifc. However, this being
only conjecture, the commodore, as he was got clear
of the harbour of Chcquetan, flood along the coaft
to the eaftward in fcarch of her j and, to prevent her
from pafling by u.> in the darli, we hrought-ta every
night, and carried lights, which the cutler could not
but perceive.

13y the 2d of May \vc were advanced within three
leagues of Acapulco ; and, having fecn nothinj; of our
boat, wc gave her over for loll ; which, bcfides the
compallionate concern for our fhipmates, and for
what it was apprehended they might have fulFered was
in itfelf a misfortune, that in our prcfent fcarcity
of hands we were greatly interefted in ; finci; the crew
of the cutter were the flower of our people, purpofely
picked out for this fervice, as known to be everyone
of them of tried and approved refolution, and as flcil-
ful Itamcn as ever troil a deck. However, as it was
the general belief amongft us, that they were taken
and carried into Acapulco, the commodore's prudence
fuggeftcd a projedl which we hoped would recover
them. This was founded on our having many Spanifli
and Indian prifoncrs onboard, fomcofthcm of quali-
ty. The commodore, therefore, wrote a letter to
the governor of Acapulco, telling him that he would
rcleafe them all, provided the governor returned the
cutter's crew. This letter wasdil'patchedby a Spanifli
officer, of whofc honour wc hrd a high opinion and
who was furniflicd with a launch belonging to one of
our prizes, and a crew of Spaniards, who gave their
parole for their return. The Spanifli officer, too,
befidcs the commodore's letter, carried with him a
joint petition figned by all the reft of the prifoners,
befeeching the governor to acquiefce in the terms pro-
pofcd for their liberty. But while wc were thus con-
triving their rcleafe, the centinci called out from the
maft-head that he faw a boat under fail at a confider-
able diftance to the fouth-eaftward, which to our un-
fpcakablc joy upon her nearer approach, wc found was
our own cutter, the wan and meagre countenances of
whofe crew, the length of their beards, and the feeble
and hollow tone of their voices, convinced us that
they had futTered much greater hardCiips than could
be cxpcclcd from e\en the fevcrities of the Spanifli
prifon. They were obliged to be helped into the
(hip, and were immediately put to bed, when by reft
and nourifliing diet, with which they were plentifully
fupplied from the commodore's table, they recovered
their health and vigour.

And now we learned that they had kept the fea the
%v!iole time of their abfence, which was above fix
weeks, and that when they had finiflied their cruife,
and had iuft began to plv to the weflward, in order to
join the fquadron, a flrong adverfc current had forced
them upwards of 80 leagues to the leeward, where
they found to great a furf, that there was no fuch
thing as landing. They pafTcd fomc days in the moft
difaerecablc fituation, without water, having no other
means left them to allay their tliirft than fucking the
blood of the turtles which they caught. At latt,
giving up all hopes of fuccour, the heat of the cli-
mate likcvvife augmenting tlieir neceffities, and rend-
ering their fuft'erings infupportable, they abandoned
themfelves todefpair, fully perfuaded that they fliould
perifli by the moft terrible of all deaths ; but foon af-
ter, a moft unexjiedled incident happily relieved them ;
•for thcie fell fo heavy a rain that, on fprcading their
fails horizontally, and putting bullets in the centre of
them, they caught as much water as filled their caflcs.
Immediatelv upon this fortunate fuppiy, they ftood to
the wertward in fcarcli of the commixlorc ; and being
now luckily favoureil by a ftrong current, thiy joined
him in Icfs than 50 hours from that time, after having
been abfcnt in the whole full 43 days.

And now havinu got on board our people, to our
intire fatisfai-tion, and the fcafun of tiie year for fail-

ing to Afia being far advanced, the commodore rcfoIvcJ
not to wait for any return from Acapulco, but gavd
orders to equip two large |irixe launches, to carry ort
ftiorc the Spanifli and Indian prifoners both from our
ftiipand the CJIouceftcr; and, having given them pro-
yifions and all ntcelTaries for Panama, whither they
intended to fail, ihcy left us about four in the after*
noon, to the amount of about fixty pcrfons i hjving
firft (though enemies) obfervtd the cuftom of (a-
faring [K-opIc at parting, and wiihed us a profperou*
voyage.

From the fixth of May, the day we took our de-
parture, we met with little that was remarkable for a
month, except that the true trade-wind, which is
faid never to fail at about to or 70 leagues from the
fliore of Mexico at the farlhefl, was fo far from an-
fwering oor expectations, that we had nothing but
crofs winds, rain, thunder, and lightening, till by
account we were 600 leagues to the weftwartl of Aca-
pulco, having been above 40 days in getting lb far.
On the 9th wc found the forcmaftlprung in a danger-
ous manner, and thereupon fattened and fecurcd it
very ftrongly. A leak that was fprung on the 22d was
flopped by the carpenter with very little trouble.'
On the nth of June wc found a current fct to the
fouthward about 24 miles a day, but could not ilif-
cover whether to the caft or weft, for want of oppor-
tunity to try it. 'i"liiswas, by account, 450 leagues
from Acapulco. About this time, abundance of fcor-
butic fymptoms, fuch as niacknefs in the flcin, hardl"''' ""p''
nodes in the flefli, fliortnefs of breath, and a ge;ierar'''|r''^''T""
laflitude of all the parts, began to prevail abnoft uni-,!,*;. ("urvv.
verfally among our people. This, with the great
mortality we experienced from this dillcmper in our
Cape Horn pafliige, added to the time we might ftill
expeift to be at fea, formed a melancholy pro(pci>, as
we had flill 1800 leagues to run to the Ladrones,
which the Spaniards call the Marian [Hands. Thefe
confldcrations gave us dreadful .ipprehenfions of wh.it
this paflage might terminate in, and the event fliewcd
that wc had but too much reafon for them.

[For fome days we find nothing remarkable related
except the fpringing and damaging of marts and yards,
Hihich were repaired or replaced as expeditioully as pof-
fiblc; but theGlouceflerwas obligedtohaverecourfe to
a jury mart, on which flie made fail on the agtliof June.]

We had not only now (continues our author) but
for almoft our whole paflage, abundance of birds
of prey, alfo flying fifli, which are their pro|KT food,
and vaft quantities offlcipjack^, albicores,&c. whereof
wc took a great number, which contributed much to
our refrefliment after the lofs of the tortoifes that ge-
nerally leave all the fliips .about twenty or thirty
leagues off the land. I think this more worthy of
notice, becaufe Dampier, Rogers, Ccok, and other
voyagers, fome of whom have been not only once,
but fcver.al times on this voyage have reported, that
they never faw a fifli or fowl in this whole run.
[Here a very ])robable caufe is afiigncd for the diffe-
rent accounts of voyagers in this particular, namely,
the dirt'erent feafons of the year, in which they might
have arrived in thefe latitudes. On the icth d.ty of
the month they faw three gannets, birds whicli are
defcribed to rcfcmble what aie called Solaiid geeic, in
Scotland.]

On the 12th at noon, the lon^'itude by account was
180° 41 to the weftward of London, which is juft
11' more than half the circumference of the globe,
being then 1429 leagues diftant from the port of Aca-
pulco. From this time till the i6th wc had frcih
gales with fqualls and rain, the 17th and i8th we
had moderate and cloudy, the 19th and 20th frefli
gales, with abundance of rain. vVc made this ob-
k-rvation, that with rainy \vcather, or even flight
tranficnt ftiowers, the fifti bit more freely, and were
caught in greater numbers than with fair weather,
which made our fifticrmen the more attentive at fucll
times. It wasllkewife remarked that when the Glou-
cefttr's peoplccould fin I an opportunity to fi(h they had
always mure fucccfs tuaii we; whether tlieir fiflier-

nea

CbMMODORE ANSON.

ii9

t (hip's

kc<l with
; Icurvy.

men had more rirt, or whatever elfc occafioncd it, the
fudl is true. They h.id alio a better way otiliCpoling
of them, when talcen ; for Captain Mitchell conltanl:-
ly ordered fcveal boys, who were very dextrous at
it, to catch fiih for the fhip's company, efpccially for
the fick, and w lat was taken was very jultly and re-
gularly divided among them ; whereas our fisher-
men were left at liberty to m.ikc their advantage of
what they took, and to prey upon their fuft'ering ihip-
niates. I'hefc took care not to let flip the opportu-
nity; for the leaft fifh you could purchal'c of them
would coft a bottle of br-indy (which at this time was
worth four, or perhaps fix, and fometiii;.?s eight (hil-
lings, or half a guinea) and you mull be very thank-
ful, and .icknowledg>'! yourfelf to be highly obliged
into the bargain, or die cxik-iS none the next time,
and very often fail of i notwithftanding. About this
time, our people begai to die very fall, and, I believe,
five parts out of fix oftie ftiip's company that wireill,
rxpeflcd to follow in a fhort time. 'I'hofo whofc
breath was any way affci ted, dropped off immediately ;
but thofc who were attacked firll in the more remote
parts of the body, languilhed generally a month or
fix weeks ; the dillempet advancing, in the mean
time, towards the lungs, bv a very Icnfihle and regu-
lar approach. As I niyfcli' was one of thofc who
Were fcvcrely affliiScd in thi; latter manner, I fliall
give fuch an account of its pro^refs as I found in my-
l<;lf, and which was corroborated by the fimilar re-
port of niy fellow-fuffercrs.

I was full taken about the beginning of this month
with a flight pain on the joint if my left great toe,
but having hurt that a little while before, I imagined
it to be the effeifl of that hurt, a id minded it the lefs ;
but here I muft obferve once for all, that if ever any
part of the body had received a >ruifc, drain, or con-
tufion, if it was not perfedlly cured, the fcurvy was
furc to attack that part firlf. In a little time, a large
blacle fpot appearing on the part aft'eiiled, with very
intenfc pains at the bone, gave m.^ to undcrftand my
cafe. I now took phyfic often, by way of prevention,
but to little purpofe. Several hard nodes began to rife
in my legs, thighs, and arms, and not only many
more black fpots appeared in the Ikin, but thole
(prcad till my legs and thighs were for the mort part,
as black .as a negro ; and this was accom;>anied with
fuch excelfive pains in the joints of the t.-necs, and
ancles, as I thought before I experienced them,
that human nature could never have fupportcd. It
next advanced to the mouth: all my teeth were pre-
Jently loofe, and my gums overcharged with cxtra-
vafatcd blood, fell down over my teeth, which occa-
fionod my breath to fmell much, yet I believe, with-
out affcciing my lungs. But I believe, one week
more at fea would have ended me, and lefs than a
month more all the reft. One thing wss very re-
markable, and likcwife univcrfal ; which was, that
when the diftempcr had far prevailed, if the afflii^ed
pcriiin lay quiet in his hammock he fcemcd to be pcr-
(vMy well and hearty i but if he was removed out of
it on any neccflity, he immediately fainted aw.iy ; and
this was always a fure fign of the party's diflbluMon.

[This account is the more extraordinarj- finc^ the
laflitude incurred by lying ftill, generally encourages
the fcurvy, if it docs not bring it on in the fiift in-
/laiice. Of this wc have been con\inced by ocular
demouftration, and have experienced the great efficacy
of moderate cxercife, in preventing the dreadful el-
fecls of this diftempcr. Perhaps it may be affirmed,
upon the whole, that the diforder is not thoroughly
uuiL'rftood ; bccaufo the fea fcurvy has this in com-
mon with that which we contrail on (horc ; namely,
that it puts on various appearances accordln:^ to the
fituation, climate, time of life and conllitution of
the patient. In conclufion, our author feems willing
to adopt a contrary hypothefis to that generally re-
ceived ; for he is of opinion that rell rather than ex-
ercil'c is good in cafe of the fea fcurvy j but this ap-
pears to be only in the laft (lagcof it, when the patient
may be incapable of motion./

Vol. I, N' 12.

Since our parting Cape Home (fays he) o>ir fur-
gcon, Mr. Henry t ttrick, who was a veiy good
practical furgeon, had been viry huly in clij;elting a
theory of Icurvics, wherein he eiiumirattd many
cafes very particularly, liavin;; been alloweil to opeji
and examine as many bodies as were abundantly luf-
ficient for that purpofe. His fyllem was principally
grounded on trie obiervatiims made on a long pall'age
in a very cold climate. He took abundance of pains
to prove by manv inftance?, that the tone of the
blood was broken by the cold nipping air, and render-
ed fo thin as to be unfit for circulation, or any other
of the ufes of life, and being thus deprived of force
and vigour, ilagnation and death mult Jieceflhrily cn-
fuc. From this fuppofition, he had laid it down as nil
infallible rule, that food of a glutinous nature, fuch
as filh, bread, and feveral forts of grain were alone
proper on fuch voyages. As for liquids, I know not
which he pitched on, as the moft lalubrious on this
occafion. But this palVage, in a very hot climate^
where the fymptoms were not only more dre.-idful, but
the mortality much more quick and fatal in propor-
tion to the number of people, put our fcheming doc-
tor to a non-pins. All this obliged him at hill
(though he was fliU endeavouring to reconcile con
tradictions) to own that though fome of the concur-
rent circumilancesofthisdifcafe were plain enough, yet
the grand caufe *as the long continuance at fea, or an
entire fecrct ; ard that no cure but the fliore would
ever be eftcdtual.

Tlie commodore, on this great mort.ality, having
by him a quantity of Ward's pills and drops, in
order to experience whether they would b? c any
ufe, firft tried them on himfelf, and then gave what
he had left to the furgeon, to adminiller to fuch of
the fick people as cholc to take them. The furgeon
would not recommend them to any perfon ; but
feveral took them, though I know of none that be-
lieved they were of any fervicc. They worked moft
people who took them very violently j after which, as
feveral told me, they would fcem to be a little eafier
though weaker for a day or two, but then they always
relapfed, and became worfe than before j and this,
together with the inefficacy of all that our furgeon
could do in the cafe, fufficiently fhcwed the vanity of
attempting the cure of their diftemper at fea. [After
a digreffion tending to inculcate the ulefulncfs of reft
to people affiidted with the fcurvy, and an ohfcrvatinn
on contrary winds .ind bad provilions, the relation
proceeds as follows.]

On the 29th in the morning, the Gloucefter's fore-
cap fplitting, her fore-top-mail came by the board,
and meeting with the fore-yard, broke it in the flings.
As (he was hereby rendered incapable of making any
fail for fome time, wc were under a neceffity, as foon
as the gale fprang up, to take her in tow, and near
20 of the healthieft of our feamen were removed from
the duty of our own fhip, and were continued for
eight or ten days together to allift in repairing her
damages, but thefe things, mortifying as wc thought
them, were onl y the commencement of our misfortunes i
for fcarcely had our people finifhed their bufinefs in
the (jloucefter before we met with a violent ftoini
from the weft, which obliged us to lie to. This
ftorm, which lafted from tlie loth to the 13th of
Auguft was attended with rain, thunder and light-
ning, and fuch a lofty fea as I have feldnm feen, and
could not have believed in latitudes between the tro-
pics, for fuch a long duration. Moft of the time that
wc lay to, we drove to the northward. Abundance
of our people died daily, and the fhip proving very
leaky, every perlbn that could llir, (the principal offi-
cers not excepted) was obliged to take his turn at the
pumps, and all little enough to keep us above water.

On the i;}th of Auguft at ten in the morning, the
Gloucefter made a fignal of diftrcfs, and being to
windward, bore down to us ; but wc obferved flie
was long in veering, rolled very much, and mada
bad fteerage. About half an hour after noon, her peo-
ple fpokc with us, and told us they were (q leaky that
Al m they

I741

-:Mi'-

130

THE VOYAGE OF

1741 they mud quit their (hip; thnt they had fcvcn feet
» . V J water in the hold ) and tliat all the men they had ca-
pable oflliniiig, were quite exhaufted with pumping,
and could work no longer. This was an additionil
misfortune, and fcemed to be without rcfourcc j for
while the GloucclUr's crew were thus enfeebled, our
own fick were fo much incrcafcd, and thofe who Hill
remained in health, fo over-fatigued with labour, that
it was impoflible for us to lend them any aid. There-
fore all th:it could be done was to fend oui boat on
board fur a more particular account of thelhip's con-
dition ; as it was foon fufpefted, that the talcing lier
people on board us \ and then deftroying the dlou-
cclkr was the only meafure that could be profccuted
in the prcfent emergency, both for the prefervation
of their lives and for our own. Our boat foon re-
turned with a reprefentiitioii of th» melancholy ftatc
of the Glouccfter, and of her feveral defeats, fiened
by Captain Mitchell and all his ofKccrs ; by which
it appeared that the Ihip was decayed in cvcrv part ;
that her crew was greatly reduced ; they added that
there remained alive no more than 77 men (officers
included) i8 boys, and two prifoners ; that of the
whole number only 16 men, and 11 boys were capable
of keeping the deck, and feveral of thcfc very infirm,
and that the water was fo deep in the hold, that
thofe who were yet alive were ftarving, and could
neither come at frefh water nor provifions. On .nc-
count of this rcprcfentation, which was in no inftance
cxagger.ited, the commodore fent immediately an order
to Captain Mitchell, to bring his people on board the
Centurion, and take out furh (lores as could moft
eafily he come at, among which he was very de-
lirous of faving two cables, and a ftjeet anchor.
But the fhip rolled fo much, and the men were fo ex-
ccflivclv fatigued, that it was with the greateft diffi-
culty tfio prize-money was fecured, the prize goods
amounting to many thoufand pounds being abandoned)
nor could any other provifions be got at, than five
calks of flour, (three of which were fpoiled by the falt-
water), a fmall quantify of b-andy, and fome living
flock. Even this little b . wa« fo languifliingly

performed, that two days were wafted in the execution,
during which time three or four of tlie fick periflicdon
being removed. As the weather was now calm, and
we were uncertain how far diftant we might be from
Guam, a fcttlement in poflcffion of the enemy, to
whom the wreck of fuch a fhip with guns and ammu-
nition on boari' would have been a very valuable ac-
quifition, the commodore judged the moft effedlual
way to prevent her falling into their hands was to fet
her on fire : and, accordingly, as foon as the captain
and his officers had quitted her, the combuftibles
placed for that purpofe were lighted, and ftie continued
'J'lic Glouccf- burning the whole night, and at fix the next morn-
utlttua liic.jijg ^g blew up. Thus periftied his majefty's (hip
tlie Glouccfter ; and now it might have been expeiEled,
that being freed from the cmbarraflinent in which her
frequent difafters had involved us, wc fliould have
proceeded on our way much brilkcr than we had hi-
therto done. ■ However, we were foon taught that
our anxieties were not foto be relieved.

VVc were at this time in the utmoft diftrefs j the
{hip confiderably lumbered with prize goods, and the
fmall room we had left thronged with the fick, whofe
numbers were now very much increafed with thofe
from the Glouccfter, the dirt, naufeoufnefs, and
ftcnch almoft intolerable, more people daily difabled
with the difeafc; no fignof land, and but very little
wind, and that not fair but variable ; very bad pro-
vifions and water, and the (hip very leaky ; and though
wc -■ I'covered the leak to be in her bows on each fide
the ftern, it lay in fuch a manner that we could not
ftop it, nay, the attempting it rather made it worfe.
In this diftrefs we made the beft of every fpurt of
wind.

Nothing farther remarkable happened till Sunday
the 22d, when abeut eight in the evening, we dif-
covercd two illands ; one bearing weft half foiith, and
the •ther S. W. by W. at thc'diftance of about 10

leagues. We were overjoyed at this fip.ht, and ftonit
toward them with all our fail : but tlicVe being little
wind, we did not get near them till the ntxtdav about
noon, when being about three miles oft' the largtft
and moftpromifing of them, which opened very hilly
and full of trees, we fent on Ihore one of our lieute-
nants in the cutter to make difcovcries, «ho rctuined
at nine in the evening, and gave us but a very iiiJil-
ferent account of the Ihorc.

'I'hc trees were nioftly cocoa-nut trees, of which
there were prodigious quiintities : they brought alunit
60 cocoa-nuts on boaM with them, but they could
find no water, nor any good place to anchor in, Ow
this account it was thought fit to ftand fartlur to the
fouthward, for fome mpre proper place. This was a
feverc difappointment to moft of the fick, who, on
the fight of land, (or hearing that it w.is fo near)
had begun fenfibly to revive : but as perfons in fucli
circumftanccs are foon driven to defpond, when an
aid they depended upon deferts them, fo this difap-
pointment deftroyed our hopes, and increafed our de-
jeftion. We feared, that, if we met with more idands
in the famv run, rhey might be either as bad, worfe,
or inhabited by our enemies the Spaniards, who in our
weak condition, might eafily be able to hinder us
from proper refrcfhments : add to this, how many of
us were near to death, and how little we cculd cxpt>;t
to furvive any time in fearching for other ifland';, 1
know not whether thcfe were the general thoughts of
the fick, but I muft own they were mii>c, and made
our fituation at th.it time appear ten times worfe to mi;
than at any other in the whole courfe of our voyaj^e ; 1
was indeed very ill, and my illncfs mi^^ht poflibly oc-
cafion every thing to appear in its worft light, yet f
was never one of thofe who were frightened at the
apprehcnfion, or even the vifible approach of death ;
it had no unreafonable terrors in any of its profpeits
tome J and I always could, meet it with ivlignntion ;
but I believe the healthieft and ftoutcft at tliat time,
had probably the greateft apprchcnlions; and I have
fincc heard from many of thofe, that they expcdlcJ
all to have pcrifhal, had wc been io little as tlu'co
weeks longer at lea; and I much queftion whether
they were not right in that expectation.

On the 26*h at five in the morning, wc faw three
other illands, being from S. E. by S. to N. 1". the
middlemoft of the three, which was the lar';c(l, Jus
eaft. The 7.7th, at three in the afternoon, K'lig !;ot
pretty near the (horeof the middle iftarid, we (cut our
cutter and pinnace in-ftiore for difcovery. At four,
the pinnace came oft", and brought with her an Indian
praw, with a Spaniard and four Indians whom they
took in her. They likewife told us, that they had
inftiore a fmall bark of about 16 tons, and between
20 and 30 mere people on theiftand, all of whom had
been fent thither from Guam, to kill cattle and hogs,
and make jerked beef and cocoa-nut oU, &c. for tha
Spanifli garrifon there j and that there arc people coii-
ftantly fent on that account, who, after fome month*
ftay at that place, are relieved by frefh parties for tha
fame purpofe. We fecured both the bark and praw,
together with all the Indians who fell into our liands,
to hinder their carrying intelligence of us to the Spa-
niari'" at Guam. One of thofe Indians was a car-
penter by trade, and his father was one of the princi-
pal builders at Manilla. This young in.Tn having
been ill ufed by the governor at Guam, voluntarily
entered with us, became one of our carpenter's crew,
and proved a very uleful handy fellow.

The Spaniard being examined as to the ft.ttc of the
ifland we were now approaching, the account he guo
furpafled even our moft fanguiiie hopes ; and, though
uninhabited, he faid, it wanted none of thofe accom-
modations with which the beft cultivated countries
are furniflicd. On muflering up our whole force, as
we drew near, all the hands we could collei'l, capable
of any kind of duty, even on the moft prefting occa-
cafions, amounted to not more than 71 nun, (offirers
included). I'his number, inconfidcrablc as it may
fecm, were all of the united crews of the Centurion,
I Glou-

Tinij
btd.

COMMODORE ANSON.

♦3»

Tinisn dcfcii-

18
'»
Sf

a-
r-
i-

I'S

lie

n-
ifi
as
bis
:a-
rrs
lay
jn.

(jlouceltcf, and "tVial, that coiil J move without be-
ing afliftcil, nmtwithltanding when they left England
they confllicilof near looo men.

When v'c had entered the road, our flrft buAncrs,
after furling (hu fails and feciiring the lhip« was to
provide an hufpitil on fliorc for the fick : but the of-
ficer and feainen who were fent upon this fervice, re-
turned joyfully, and acquainted u9 that the Indians
on Ihoro had f.wcd them that trouble, and had pro-
vided for us better than wc could have done for our-
fclves i for, having creftcd a number of little cabins
for their accommodations during their refidence on the
idand, and one in particular which they made ufe of
by way of ftorehoufe to ftow their provifions in, there
could be nothing more fuitably adapted for the recep-
tion of both the tick and the healthy, than thefc erec-
tions. Accordinf^ly we began fending alhore as many
of the ftck as could pofTibly be conveyed, among which
number I myfclf was one : I fay, as m.iny as poflibly
could be conveyed, for we were fo extremely feeble an J
helplefs, that we were nootlierwife to be landed than
by b:ing carried in our hammocks, both in and out of
the boats, on mens fliouldcrs, in which fervice both
the commodore himlcif and his officers very humanely
aflilled i and indeed they were almoft the only perfons
onboard capable of performing it, the healthiell fea-
mcn being fo much enfeebled, that they had but jull
ftrength enough left to help thcmfelves, The nex'
i»y, being the 29th, the remainder of the fick were
brought on Ihorc, when 21 men died ; but the greateft
part of the reft recovered furprifingly. The foil,
upon examination, wo found to be every where dry
and healthy; and being withal fomewhat fandy, it
was thereby the lefs difpofed to a rank and over-lxuri-
ant vegetation : and lience the meadows and woods
were neater and fmoother than is ufual in hot climates.
The valleys and hills were moll beautifully diverfified
by the mutu.il incroachments of woods and lawns,
which (kirtcd e.ich other, and traverfed the iflands in
large tradts. The woods confifted of tail and well-
fpread trees, fomc celebrated for their beauty, and fomc
for their fruit : wliilft the lawns were generally
crowded with herds of cattle, of which it was not un-
common to fee ihoufands feeding in a herd, and being
ull milk-white, it was no wonder th.it fuch an appcar-
imce excited our longings, and cnrreafcd our impa-
tience, to kill and eat. Add to this, the innumerable
fvvarms of poultry that filled the woods, and, by
tlieir frequent crowings, gave us in idea the picafing
apprchenfion of being in the neighbourhood of farms
and villages; and we even fancied, that in the covert
o( the woods wc ftinuld find fuch concealed. The
cattle wc had fight of were computed at 10,000; and,
befidts tliefc .nnd the poultry, we likewife found abun-
dance of wild hogs, which were excellent food, but
fierce, and not ealily maftered. At firft we killed them
byihooting; but our ammunition failing, owiiig to
un accident, wc at Lift hunted them down with dogs,
fcvcral of which joined us on the ifland, and being
trained to the fport by the Indians, readily enough
followed U5, and afforded good divcrfion. In their
conflicts with the hoars, fome indeed were killed ; but
thole that came off victorious, were ftill more eager
to engage in every new purfuit. ♦

This ifland was no Icfs fortunate to us in its vege-
table than in its animal produflions, more particu-
larly in abounding in fuch fruits and plants as were
bcft adapted to the cure of that difeafc by which we
had been lb dreadfully debilitated. In the woods
cctoa-nuts were to be gathered without number ; and,
what is remarkable, cabbages grew on the fame trees.
There were, bcfides, giiavas, limes, fwcct and four
oran»:s, and, what is common to all the tropical
iflands, bread fruit; in the plains we found water-
melions, dandelion, creeping-purflain, mint, fcurvy-
grnfs, and forrcl : all which, together with the frelh
meats of the place, were fuch Uilutary refrcfliments,

* Tlie iflanil of Ti«i«n it difltrcntly dtfciibtd by Coiniso-
^e Ilyron.

that the fick, who were at death's door when they 1741
landed, before they had been a week on ftiore, put on \,^y^^
very different countenances, and with their new com-
plexion received a frefli recruit of fpirits.

Amidft fuch a variety of provifions as the land fur-
niflicd, it WHS thought unneceflary to indulge our-
felves in thufc offered us by tlie fca. From fifli,
therefore, we wholly refrained : and the rather, as
fome we caught at our firft arrival, furfcitcd thofe
who ate of them. This, however, was not rp;'rettcd,
as beef, pork, poultry, and wild-fowl, were m fiicli
plenty, that except the trouble of bringing thrni ito'.n
aconliJt.rabli; dillancc I'omctimcs, there was nodifii-
culty attending their procurement. It were indeed,
an endlefs talk to recount all the excell-ncics and deli-
cacies we met with in tliis delightful ifland; nor is it
eafy to fay which to prefer where every thinij is wor-
thy of admiration, the ncatiiefs of its lawns, the
ftatclincfs, frefhnefs, and fragrance of its wonds, the
happy inequality of its fjrfacc, nnd tlie v;iriet,y Mid
elegance of the views it afforded. All thcle ctn-
(pircd to charm the fight, while, at the fame time, ihc
extcllency of its produiSlions could not fail to gratify
the appctitr. And thefe .tdvantaccs were greatly en-
hanced by the healthincfs of the climate, by thcalmoft
conftant breezes that prevailed, and by the frequent,
gentle Ihowers that fcenied to fall juft to refrcfti the
earth, and add to its fertility; for thefe, inftead of
the long continued rains that in other countries fill
tht!air with noxious vapours, and overflow the c.lMh,
with wafteful inundations, feemed juft enough to pu-
rify the air, and to refrclh the foil; which was ob-
fervablc enough by thecftcdls it had in iticreafingour
appetites, and promoting our digeftion. Thiscffci'
was indeed remarkable, (ince thofe among our officer!:
who were at all other times fpare and temperate eater;,
were here in appearance transformed into gluttons ;
as inftead of one rcafonable flefti-meal a day, they
were fcarcely fa'.is.'ied with three : and yet our digef-
tion fo well correfp'jnded to tlic kccnnefs of cur appe-
tites, that we were neither difordercd nor even
loaded by this uncommon repletion ; for after hnviiiT
made a large beef breakfaft, it was not long before
we began to confider the approach of dinner as a very
defireable and fomewhat tardy event : The principal
inconveniences that attended our lefidencc upon this
ifland arofe from the vaft number of muflcittos and
other troublefome infeiSs, by which we v.ere pcr-
petually teafed : there was likewife a venomous little
infeft that, like the fteep-ticks in England, would
bury its head in the fltin, and if not loon removed,
caufe an inflammation. Running water there was
none in the ifland, but that defeft was fupplicd by a
large lagune or lake, almoft in the centre of it, to
which the cattle, in times of drought, generally re-
forted } but the frelhnefs of their pafture, and thn
copious dews and gentle Ihowers that often moiftened
it, rendered that refource almoft unneceffary. There
were bcfides fprings of excellent water, and, near the
furface, wells might every where be dug, whofe waters
in any other place, would not have been complain-
ed of.

But the great danger we had to dread, remains to be
told. During four months in the year ; that is, from
the middle of June to the middle of Oftober, when "
the weftcrn monfoons prevail, the winds about the
full and change of the moon are variable, and blow
with fuch fury, that the ftouteft cat" -s afford no fe-
curity to Ihips riding at anchor in the road : and what
adds to the danger in the rapidity of the tide, which
fets to the S. E. and occafions fuch a hollow and
overgrown fea as is fcarcely to be conceived ; infomuch
that though we were in a fixty-giin ftiip, we were
under the dreadful apprchenfion of being pooped by
it. During the reft of the year, the weather is con-
ftantly fettled, and when fliips have nothing to fear,
if their cables are well armed, which othcrwife will
foften from the foulnefs of the ground. From the
19th of Auguft, when our fick were all put on ftiore,
to the I2th of September, when the co.mmodore him-
" felf

t3»

tHE VOVAOE 0**

1741

A Tiiiknt

fclf UnilcJ, tliufc tlut rcmninctlon board wcrcchirfly
emplciyecl iiiniouiing tlicir Ihip, inlhtftiiig tlivir guns,
to cumc at their leaks, and in fccuilng thu cabl«8 from
being g;illcd againtl the rocky bottom ; at the fame
time an anchor and cable were put on board the Spaniih
bark, her own being only a heavy log uf wood, and
a rope made of bafs, and fmne barrels of powder,
which by ionj; keeping were become moid, to bedried
and lecovered. From the 12th to the Ijth, their hands
were continually fhifting ; thofc who were fo well re
covered as to be capable of duty, were fent on board,
and thofe who had borne thu burden of the labour
were nlievcd and fent on ihore.

'I 'lie weather began to alter on the ■9th, and to
KiiVpciViiihcs threaten a ftorm. On that day, the next, and the
ilii: Ccntuiiiin 21II, it blew hard ; however, we rode it out, and flat-
fidiii liirari- tered ourfelves that the prudence of our meafiires had
cbor. fecurcd us from accidents. On the 22d the hurricane

came on, and our only hope of fafety rccmcd to de-
pend on our putting out to fea i but the commodore
was on fhore, and all communication with the land
ablblutdy cut off. At five in the afternoon, the fmall
bower parted, and the fhip fprang off to the bell
bower. As night approached, the violence of the
Dorm incrcafcd ; yet, notwithlianding its incxprcf-
fible fury, the rapidity of the tide was fuch as to pre-
vail over it, and to force the vedel before it, as it were.
In dcf;)ight of its utmoll rage. It was now that the
fea broki: ri>un<l us in a tremendous manner, and a large
tumbling fAell tlirealcned to ingulph us in its bofum.
The long-boat which was moored a-llern, was, on a fud-
dcn, thrown fo high that it broke the tranfum of the
commodore's galley, and would, doubtlel's, havcrilen
as high as the taft'eril, had it not been for the ftroke,
which (love her to pieces ; yet the poor boat-keeper,
. though mucli bruifed, was faved almoll by miracle.

• About eight o'clock the tide flackcned, but the wind

did not abate ; and the bell bower cable by which
alone we held, parted at eleven. In this extremity,
Mr. Sauniartz, our firft lieutenant, who commanded
in the abfence of the commoilore, ordered guns to be
lircd, and lights to be (hewn, as fignals of diilrefs.
In a Ihort time after, the night being exceflively dark,
the ftorm ragin;;, the thunder roaring, and nothing
to be fecn but the blue lightning flafliing through the
rain, we were driven to (ea ; and by this cat.illrophe
'^, the whole crew, both by fea and land, were reduced

to a (late of defpair ; thofc on (bore, coiicludina; that
they had now no means left them ever to get home,
while thofe on board, being utterly unable to drug-
gie with fuch winds and leas, expected each moment
to be 'Heir lad. In this defpondent (late, while the
I rcw on board were every moment expedling to be
dallied againil the rocks of Aiguignan, an illand about
three leagues from Tinian, thofc on flior* were pcr-
Juaded the fhip could not furvive the ftorm, the whole
channel between the two iflands, appearing from the
land like one continued breach ; the fea fwclling,
breaking, and rraring, like mountains over moun-
tains, and forming the moft aweful and terrifying
fight that the mind of man can pol&bly conceive.
Indec<! the condition of thofe driven to fea was truly
jjttiablc : they were in a leaky velTel, with three
c.;blcs in their hawfes, to one of which Hill hung
tiieir yet remaining anchor : thty h.ad not a gun on
board lalbed, nor a port barred in. Their mrouds
were loofe, their fore-top-maft was unrigged, and
they had ftruck their fore and main vards down be-
fore the hurricane came on, fo that there was no fail
they could fet except the mizzen. To add to their
misfortunes, they were no fooner at fea than by the
labouring of the (hip, whole floods of water ruflied
in at the hawfe-holes, ports, and fcuppers, whi^h,
with the ufujl leakage, kept the pumps conltantly at
work. Perfuaded that their deftrudlion was inevitable,
vet fiiiking was but their fecondary concern, for they
judged by the driving of the fhip, that they were mak-
ing towards the land, and in the darknefs of the night
that they fliouldno otherwife perceive it than by ftrik-
iiig upon it. Day-light, however, relieved tlicm from
6

that uneafy apprchenfion, by (hewing them that tho
illand which they had fii much dreaded was at a con*
lidcralile dillaiice, and that the northern ciiireiit had
proved the means of their prefcrvation. It was not,
however, till the expiraiiun of three days, tliat tht
turbulent Wwaiher wliith had driven them from J i-
nian, bei;aii 10 abate ; whin every man in the lliip
was <o worn out u itii futijjue, that they found it ini'
polUMe to man the pumps, and hand the fails at ilie
fame lime. They had twice attempted tu get up the
main and fore yards, in which they had as often mif-
carried, by the breaking of the jeers j and in the lall
etlbrt, one of their beft men penihcd.

All this lime the fliip was driving to leeward, and
dragging her fhect-anchor, the only one flie had, with
two cables on end at her bows. Thij was a circum-
(t.ince of the greateft confequence, and required •
fpecdy remedy ; for though, upon a third exertion of
their whole lurce, they h<id replaced their yards, they
durft not, while the anchor remained in that fituation,
venture to fpread their canvas. Some reft and refrefli-
ment became nccetlary before a work of fuch labour
could be propofed to a feeble and diminifhed crew,
that hardly confifted of 100 men. It was therefore
five days after their departure, before they could fc-
cure their anchor. Then they ftt their courfcf,and,
for the firft time, ftood to the eaftward, in hopes of
fuon regaining the illand, and rejoining their com-
mander, and the reft of the company. But in this
they were unhappily difappointcd ) for having run,
as they thought, the diftance necefl'ary, and bemg In
full expeiftation of feeing the ifland, they found ihem-
lelves bewildered by the irregularity of the currents,
and knew not what courfe to fteer, till, after many
days uncertainty, they came at laft in fight of Cjuam,
from whence, with infinite labour, they direiSlcd their
courfe to Tinian, the wind being conft;mtly againft
them, and the tide variable. This fevere employ-
ment held till thetith of October, when, after 19
days abfcnce, they ap)K'ared again in the oftin;;, and
were reinforced from the (liore, to the inexpreiTiblejoy
of the whole crew.

A few days after the fliip was driven ofF, fome of
the people on fhorc cried out, A [ail! This fpread
a general jo/, they fuppofing it to be the Centurion
returning -, but prelt;ntly another fail was defcried,
which wholly dcilroycd the firft conjeitiure, andmad«
it difticult to guefs what they were. 'I'hc commo-
dore, by the help of his glafs, faw they were two
boats ; on which he inftantly concluded, that the
Crnturion was gone to the bottom, and th.-it thofe
were her bo.its, returning with the remains of her
people. Tins fudden fuggeftion wrought fo power-
fully upon him, that, in order to conceal his emotion,
he was obliged to retire to his tent, where he fpenc
fome bitter moments in the firm perfuafion that all
his hopes were now at an end, and that, inftead of
diftrelling the enemy, he muft himfelf, with his people,
fall a prey to their cruelty. He was, however, foon
relieved from this mortifying thought, they appearing,
on their near approach, to be Indian proas [or prawsj
direifling their courfe towards the bav with a view, as
was fuppoled, to relieve their countrymen, or take
on board their provifions.

On this intelligence, the commodore ordered his
people to conceal thcmfelves j but the praws, after
advancing v.'ithin a quarter of a mile of the fhore,
lay by for the fpajc of a few hours j and, probably
obferving fome change in the appearance of the place,
which might raifc their fufpicion that an enemy lay
in ambufii, they got again under fail, and fteered to
the fouthward.

After this incident, an opinion began generally to
prevail that the Centurion would never more appear
at this iHaud ; and that fhc was either loft, or forced
upon the coaft of China, from whence, in her cmzy
condition,, it would he iwipoffible for her ever tore-
turn. Though the commodore did not apparently
give into this opinion, yet he was not without his
fears j and to provide aj^ainft the worft, he propofed

cutting

4 i

S \

COMMODORE ANSON.

cutting afunder the Indian baric which they toolc, on
their hrll arriv:'.!, nnd lengthening her in I'uch a man-
ner as to render her capable of taking nn board all who
were then upon the illund, and t'ulluw the (hip, if pcr-
adventure flic fhouUI be driven to Mocao. After fomehe-
fitat ion, owing to the difficulty attending thecxecution,
they were prevailed upon toengage in the work, and the
commodore by his example encouraged their diligence)
for, being always at work by day-brcalc himlelf, it
was thought a Jilgracc to be idle when their chief
was cmpToyeil. U fortunately happened, that the
carpenters both of the Glouceller and the Trial were
on fliore, and that they had brought for fafety their
cheft of tools with them. The fmith too, was on
fllorc with his forge, but his bellows was l(ill in the
fljip. This dcfeit occafioncd fume delay j hut was
foon fupplicd by the ingenuity of his fliip-mates, one
or other of them never being at a lofs for expedients
on fuch occnflons. They limed a frcfh hide for leather j
the carpenters fliapcd out a wooden frame, and a gun
barrel fcrvcd for a nozcl } the fmith being now in rca-
dinefs to prepare the iron work, feme were employed
in cutting down trees, and fawing them into planks,
whilft the main body were buficd in digging out a
draw-dock to receive the bark, and laying of ways to
heave her up and down. All, in fliort, were varioufly
employed; and the work went on fuccefsfully for 16
days i in which time the bark was fawn afundcr, aiid
her two parts were feparated, and placed at the proper
diftancc from each other i and, the materials being all
in rcadinefs before hand, they proceeded with no I'mall
difpatch in the enlargement, infomuch that they fixed
on the 5th of November as the day when they fliould
be ready to depart. The alacrity with which the bu-
ilnefs was carried on, left no room for reflexion among
Ihc common failors, though their fuperiors were, not
without their fears. They had no fca provifions, ex-
cept the jerked beef, which the Indians had prepared,
and abandoned when they fled, and they had a run of
600 leagues before they could prcfume upon a fupply.
They had no bread, and the brc.id fruit on this ifland
could not be preferved at foa ; they wanted fait } and,
what was ftill a more necefliiry artiele in their prefcnt
fituation, they wanted ammunition for tliiir defence,
in cafe of an attack from an enemy; for, upon tlie
ftri£teft fearch, no more than 90 thargi-s of pow der
could be colleitlcd, which was fhoit of one round
a-piecc for each of the company. They were in an
unknown fea, and vvantcd inftruments to direi^^ their
cuurfe ; in fhort, though the common men had no
other thought than how theyfliould get on board, the
oiHccrs forefaw a thoufand difficulties, which were al-
moA infurmountablc to human apprehenfion, but
which they carefully concealed, that the main bufinefs
might not be retarded. But, in the midll of thefe
gloomy apprehcnfions, which, the nearer the time of
their depart ureapproached,llill became the more fcrious,
and when all hopes of feeing the Centurion at Tinian
had fubfidcd, one of the Gloucellcr's men, being upon
a hill at a didance, looking out fur cattle, perceived,
fory thing like a (hip in the clouds, which, on (leady
obfervingit, feemed to move flowl y towards the land,
it was not long before he was fcnfiblcof its approach,
and pcrfuaded himfclf it was the Centurion. The
man with cxtafy ran towards the lanJing-place, cry
ing to his comrades, the Jhipl The fnip ! This
being heard by the ncareft, was echoed from mouth to
mouth, till it reached the fpot where the commodore
WiU! at work, who, on hearing the joyful news, threw
down his axe, and joined in the general tranfport. In a
few hours, the Centurion appeared in the offing, and a
boat with iB men was fcnt off to reinforce her, and
to carry frc(h meat, fruits anil refrc(hmcnt8, for the
crew. In the afternoon of the nth of OiSobcr, (he
happily call anchor; the commodore went inflantly
onboard, and the joy and congratulation on thatoc-
cafion were equally nncere and mutual.

The labour of the artificers was now at an end, and
another kind of employment fuccceded, which was
that of laying in water for the voyage. Now alfo

Vot. I. W J2.

hunting, fliooting, and every device that could be
contrived to catch live cattle, hogs, and poultry, for ^
florcs, took place } while, at the fame time, the com-
modore and officers amufed tliemfelvcs with traverf-
ing the ifland, and examining more minutely its Ic-
veral parts. In one of thefe excurfiuns, being on a
rifing ground, they obferved, in a valley beneath
them, tlie apncr.rancc of a fmall thicket, which, by
attending to it, feemed to have a progreffivc motion,
as indeed it h.ad, but was no other than a parcel of
cocoa-bu(hes trailed upon the ground by perlons con-
cealed beneath them. From this uncommon tircum-
ftance, it was immediately concluded, that the In-
dians, whofe boat they had furprifcd upon their fird
arrival, muft he the perfons who were dragging the
bu(hcs, and that it could not be far to the place of
their concealment. They therefore kept their eye upon
them, and traced them to their cell ; but, to their
furprife, when they entered it, they found it aban-
doned, though all things were ready prepared for din-
ner, .inil Itood fmoaking hot on a table of turf. The
officers, having in vain endeavoured to track them
returned, and, with an appetite incrcafed by the
kecnefs of the purluit, fat down to eat that meal
which the poor hungry favages had abandoned. It
confided of falted fpear-ribs, and bread fruit; all
which they found ready drelTcd, and in quantity as
much as they all could eat.

On tlic third day, after the fecond arrival of the
(hip, the commodore being on hoard, a fuddcn gu(t
of wind arofe, and again brought home our anchor,
and drove us out to fea. Our chief officers were now
all on board ; and only about 70 of our men, with a
midflilpman or two to command them, were employed
on (hore in filling water and catching cattle. Of
thefe about 30 came off to us in a cutter, and the
eighteen-oarcd barge was lent for the rell : but they
not being in rcadinefs, and the (hip quickly driving
out of fight, it was no longer in their power to join
us. However, as the weather foon proved favourable,
and \vc were now Itronp-r and healthier than when
we met with our firll difafter, in about five days we
regained the road, and anchored fafe in our former
ftation. On our return we found the bark reftored to
lierold dimenfions, ami the parts brought together,
and in good forwardnefs to be completed ; for the few
remaining people, defpairing of the return of the (hipt
had determined to follow her to her dtilinod port.
We now' laboured indefatigably to get in our water,
in order to liiil, in which fervice two of our men,
employed in the well, unfortunately perilhed ; for
the fides of the well being loofc earth, by the carelef-
ncfs of thofe above, in not properly attending the
filling, the bank gave way by the weight of a heavy
cadi, and both that and the bank fell in upon them
together. Some other misfortunes happened through
hallc in rafting the cafks to the (hip, which yet, not-
withftanding, were fuch as are generally accounted,
trifling on board a man of war. Our w.itering went
on folucccfsfully, that by the 20th of October it was
completed ; and on that day leave was given for a man
from each mcfs to go on (hore and gather as many
oranges, lemons, cocoa-nuts, and other fruits of the
ifland as (hould be fufficient for us all, while at (ea<
This being accompli(hed, and the Spanilh bark fet on
fire, the men returned on board, and the boats were
hoiiled in. On the 2i(t we fet fail, and the wind being
fair, and the weather moderate, notliing remarkable
happened till we arrived on the coaft of China, ex-
cept that while we were paffing by the rocks of Vale
Rctc, near the fouth end of the Ifland Formofa, we
were alarmed by a cry of fire on the fore-caftle, which
brought the whole crew together in the utmoft con-
fufion, fo that it was difficult for fome time to reduce
them to order; but, as foOn asdifcipline took place,
and a proper examination could be made, it was found
to proceed from the furnace, where the bricks, being
ovcr-heatcd, had begun to communicate the fire to
the wood-work, which, had it not been timely dif-
covcred, might have been of the moft dreadful confe-
N n quence}

«3J

1742

, »

«!♦

THE V O Y A CJ I-: C) J-'

1741

quenee 1 bur, an it fell out, it wn^extinguiflirtl \vith
the griMtcIl lacility, and the brick-work In Iccurvd,
that no itcciiknt of the like kind could liappcn
■gain.

From the ifland of Formofu we dirci5ted our cnurfc
fb an to fall in with the cnall of China, tu the call-
war>l ul' Hcdro HIanco ) an that rock it generally cf-
tccnicil the bcti liirutitionii fur Ihipn bouniTto Mucan ;
and, on the bth of Novemlicr we fell in with it, and
Were prclently fiirronnded by an incredible number of
iilhing boats, wliich covea-d the furfacc of the fra a.s
far as the eye could reach. Nor wao thin fwarm of
fifhing vell'els peculiar to that place, for, a« we ran on
to (liL- wetlnard, we found them a> abundant on every
other p.irt of the coall. From among thcfc we hnd
no fort of doubt of procuring a pilot to Mocao; but,
when we thought ourli'lves near it, though we tempt-
ed them with (hewing them bags of Spaniflt dollars,
(uT which, it is faid, a Chinefe would lell his father,
yet not one of them would venture to come on boiird
Us, nor give us the leaK intelligence ) neither did our
fliin, the like of which fo armed and filled, probably,
had never before appeared upon their coalb, fcem to
excite in them any curiofity. They continued their
liOiing with the fame apparent indiftercncc as if any
trading <hip had been paOing by ( and, when we
maile them fignali, they difregarded them as much,
though they certainly umlerllood them, as if wc had
been in Iport. The next day, however, about two
in the afternoon, as we were (landing to tlic weft-
ward, within two leagues of the fliore, ftill fur-
rounded as before, we obfervcd that a boat a-head of
us waved a red flag and blew a horn. This we ap-
prehended was ,1 fignal for us, and accordingly hoilled
out our cutter, and lent to know the meaning of it ;
when we prefcntly difcovcrcd the miilakc, and that
it was only the ulual notice to leave oft' fifliing, uhich
the whole fleet inftantly obeyed. Being thus difap-
pointed, we kept on our cruife till we came to a
groupc of iflands, round the wefternmoft of which we
Merc direded to \nCti, and then to haul up. While
we were thus employed, a Chinefe pilot came on
board, and, in broken Portuguefe, undertook tn pilot
us into harbour for 30 dollars; and on the 12th of
November, anchored us fafe in Mocao road, where
the Arft thing we did was to falute the firt, and to
lend to the Portuguefe governor, to advifc with his ex-
cellency in what manner to behave, to avoid giving
oftence to the Chinefe. The difliculty the commodore
principally apprehended, related to the port charges
ufually paid by the fhips in the river Canton, from
which charges men of war are exempted in every
port of Europe, and which the commodore was deter-
mined not to be forced to pay in this.

In the evening the boat returned with two officers,
u-ho delivered it as the governor's opinion, that, if
the Centurion ventured into the river of Canton, the
duty would mott certainly be expected j and, there-
fore, if the commodore approved of it, he would fend
a pilot to condud the Ihip into another harbour,
called the Typa, where it was probablu the port
■barges would never be demanded. To this propofal
our commander agreed ; the pilot was fent and the
Ihip fafely moored.

Next day the commodore paid a vifir, in pcrfon, to
the governor, to folicit a fupply of provifions, and
of naval ftorcs to refit the fliip. 7'he governor very
frankly acquainted Mr. Anion, that he durft not
openly furnifh either the one or the other : for that
he himfelf never received provifions for his nrrifon
but from day to day, by pcrmiflion from theChincfc
government, nor any thing elle but what his prefent
neceflarles required. However, he aftured the com-
modore in a friendly manner, that he would give him
all the alGftance in his power. On this declaration,
the commander refolved to go to Canton himlelf, to
procure a licence from the viccrov to purchafe a fup-
ply, and his attendants to carry them into port. But
juit as they were ready to embark, the Hoppo rcfufed
to ^rant them a permit ; nor would he, for all the
6

intireft the commodore fniild mike, wltlijnw luo
priihihition, till .le was threatinnl In he c<in'|ull,d t<J
.1 by foi'O. 'I'liis cptnitrd when fair nii-.iv.* h.ii
failed ; the next day a [xiiiiit w.is li.nt on b«i;ird ; aiuf
the ciiniMuxlon ]'i.ii.cei!cil to ihi- KnglKh fu'lory, tn
eonluil « ith tlu pi iiiri; .il ofliecri there, about the pre-
cautions that were In he ufcd, Icll the fat'lory there
QloiiM futt'er by vioKiit nic.il'iire<, ■.•hiih he was (<)-
lieiiiiiis to avoid. 'I'lu\ advikdhim to tr.inf.iiH the
matter with the Cliinil'e nKich:mt , who, at firft,
undertiHik to aecompliflt it; but .'.lur trillinj; wii!«
him for more than :t month, thev dreUr)'d thev ihiill
not interfere in it. 'I !uy then undertiKik to procure
him piovifions elandeftiiiily, but that iMiulil not ful-
fiee. On his return, he found the Ihip lb much out
of repair that (he could not proceed withi'ut beini^
hove down. The next d.iy, therefore, he wintc .i
letter to the viceroy, acquaiminj; him, that he wa»
commoduie of a fquadron of his Hritannic Majeftv's
ftjips of war, that had been ctuifinj; iji the South
Seas againft the Spaniards, who were at war with his
nation 1 that His (hip was Icaltv ; that his people were
in want of provifions ; that he had put into Mocao,
a friendly port for a fupply ; but that, hein;^ a Uianjer
to the cultoms of the country, he h;id been unable to
I'uccccd J and therefore he reqiiefted he nii;;lit be per-
mitted to employ workmen to repair his ftujvv, and
that he might be Aipplicd w ith proviliniis at the accul-
tomed rates at which »hc articlci which he ftooil in
need of were generally fold.

Another difhculty was now ftartcd as to the deli-
very of this letter, the Hoppo at firll refufing to in-
termeddle with it i but on the commodore's exprcilinj
fome rclcntmcnt, and threatening; to convey it in
Canton, by his own meflengers, he at length under-
took not only to deliver it, but to procure an anfwer j
accordingly, though the letter was only dated on the
17th of December, on the 19th a mamlarinc of the lirft
rank, together with two others of an inferior chifv,
and their attendants, having in their retimi:- iH half
galleys, decorated with (Ir.iincrs, .nnd furnidicd with
bands of mufic, came to a (jr.ipple a-head of the Cen-
turion, whence the mandarine fent in to acquaint
the commodore, chat he came hy order of ihc vice-
roy to examine the condiiioii of the fhip, and to re-
port the fame as it ihould appear to him upon a jull
furvcy. On this mcflage, prepaiations were inlbntly
made to receive him ; in particular, a hundred of the
moft fightly men on board, uniformly dreft in the
regimentals of the marines, were drawn up under ami*
on the main dv-cic, againft his arrival. When he
entered the fhip, he was fainted by the drums and
military mufic, and condudUd by fome of the princi-
p;»l oflicersto the quarter-deck, where he w.is received
in ftateby thccomiiiodure, and then introduced to the
great cabip ; then he explained his comniiffion, and
ueputed the perfons he haJ broui;ht with him to take
the furvey. The mandarine appeared to be a perfoii
of fupcrior abilitii-s, and endowed with a franknifs
and honefty not ufually to be met with among the
ordinary ranks of Chinefe officers, and being an cyc-
witnefs, of the dangerous (tate of the leaks, and of
the neccility there was for a thorough repair, he cx-
prefled his entire acquiefcence in the report tk.it had
been given, ;uid promifcd to lay the fame immcdi.ifely
before the council upon his return. He was exceed-
ingly curious in infpc<ff ing the ftiip, in examining her
guns, and poifing her great ftiot. He cxpreu his
aftonifhment at her 'hength and magnitude; and
the commodore, to increafe his wonder, and fhew hn
own power, let him know how eafy it would be for
him to deltroy the whole navigable force of China,
and lay the city of Canton in ruins j but, nevcrthe-
lefs, he afflired him, that not the leaft violence fhould
be offered, provided his wants were fuppllcd upon
reafonablc terms.

At the fame time the commodore complained of the
behaviour of the officer at Mocao, who had prohibited
the country people from felling provifions to his com-
pany, though tbey bad paid for what th/.y purcb^fed

■A

COMMODORE Al^SON.

in ftorling rilvci. The manJariiie heard the rom-
ntuiiil without emotion, but f.iiil it DkhiM he icnK'dii.il
for ihi" fiifiirr. After the hufuKTs w.n dvcr, Jinru-r
was ordered, and the commiulore apologifed for the
meannefs of the fare, from the difficulty he had to
procure bct'.rr ; hut the two inferior mand.irinm, who
were the only pcrfons of the retinue permitted to
fit at talilr with them, Ihcwed no dillike to any thing
fct before them, except the betf, to which they have
the lame averfion an the Jewi have to pork, from a
prejudice derived fiom their anceftori ) of which the
rommcHlore Wa« not apprized, nor were they otFended
at its being fet before them. They were indeed, very
uukward in the ufe of knives and forks, and it was
found necefTary to introduce their own fervanti to
tarve for them before they could make an enti of their
dinner. But if they were deKcicnt in their manner
of eating, they were no novices in putting about the
Ijl.ifs I for, there was not an officer at table that durft
engage with them. Seeing they were fond of Fron-
tii ac, and tliat they prelently emptied four or five
bottles without any cffcA, the commodore ordered a
bottle of citron water to be brought up, which on
tailing, they liked, and, hethen excufing himfelf, on
account of an illnefs from which he had not yet re-
covered, they clapped a ruddy faced officer on the
(houlder, and dcfired him to pledge them, f.iying, by
their interpreter, they were lure ne could nut plead
illnefs for declining his glafa. When the bottle was
out, they all rofe from the table, without appearing to
be in the Icall difordered ) and after the uiual cere-
monies, departed very well picafed with their enter-
tainment.

I'hc commodore now eagerly expeAed the licence
which he had rcquefted } but it was feveral days be-
fore it palTcd the iiecelTary forms, chiefly owing tothc
intrigues of a Frenchman, who having the advantage
of fpcaking the language Huently, was at no lofs in
travcrfing the meafures of the friemlly mandarine}
yet a repetition of the threats already Kferred to, pro-
duced the defired effeA.

The licence was received on the 6th of January,
and the carpenters fet to work, and the prohibition
being prevliiufly taken off, provifions were every day
brought to the fliip in plenty. However, it was
the beginning of April before the repairs could be
completed ; and the Chincle began to be very uneafy
at the commodore's long i>ay. 7'hey had frequently
fent nicflcngers to him to haflcn his departure; not
knowing or Dclieving that he was no lefs in earneft
to be gone than they were defirous to be freed from
his long (tay. At lad, on the third of April, two
mandarines came on board from Mocao, with a pe-
remptory command, .iddrefled to the commodore, re-
Suiriii^ him to depart ; to which he made anfwer in a
ttrrniiiied tone, Tliat he fliould go when he thought
propel, and not when they |>rcfumcd to command
him. After this rebuke, ho.\cver, all communica-
tion was forbidden, and no more provifions t«ere fuf-
fered to go on board ; and fo ftriiitly were thofe in-
junclioiis carried into execution, that, from thence-
forward, nothing could be purchased at any rate what-
foevrr.

On the 6tli the Centurion weighed, and warped to
the fuiith\vard,and by the :5th (he w.is fafe in Mocao
road. Long before (his, fomc time in the month of
November, Captain Saunders, commander of the
1'rl:i1 prize, had taken paflagn on board a Swediih
(liip, with difpatclus from the commodore for go-
vernment. And about the middle of December,
Captain Mit(hLll, Col. Crockcrode, Mr. Tafwel,
•with his nephew, Mr. Charles Herriot, and the Rev.
Mr. VValtcr, embarked on board the company's fllips,
on their rctiiui home, .\huiit this lime we received
the firft news ot" the .nriival ;it Rio Janeiro of the Se-
vern and Pearl, the two fliips of our fquadron, that
parted from us at Cape Home. The former had been
remarkable for the cxtraord'nary fickncfs which had
been more fatal on board her than any other vclTcl in
the whole fqiiadroa ; inromuch that though her hands

were twice recruited from the Centurion, duiinj
her voyage to the (lrei(;hts of I,e Mane, yet when
(lie p;irted company /he w.uuc.l hainK to navljjatt li-r
in a llorm, wliicli was the reaf m of her return. It
was from the knowledge of ihil unconimnn mortality
that prevailed ainoiii; the crew, that tlic conuiio-
dorc concluded the Severn to be loll. The ihvv»»
therefore, of hers and the I'carl's fafcty was received
with the greater pleafuie, as «c had long entertained
an opinion that both of them had pcrilhed. But, to
proceed. — From the ill to the 15th of Apiit, we had
ilormy weather, with heavy rains, and fiieh amazing
and terrifying claps of thuiuler and flaihes of lighten-
ing, as nothing of the kind I had ever feen, bore any
propoition to. This was upon the breaking up
of the caftcrly monfoon, when fuch Horms are ufual
in the country, and fometimes are accompanied with
dreadful gulls of wind, which they rail tuffoons, of
the effects of which the Chinefv relate wonderful
ftorici.

While we were warping out of the harbour, the
commodore went on flioic to Mocao, to take leave of
the PortugUcfe governor, who, had Uliaved in a very
friendly manner to us ; at hi:> coming from the tort
he wasfalutcd with 15 guns.

During our flay, uc had entered about 10 freflt
hands, being chiefly Lafcars, Pcrfiiins, and Duteh-
mcn, fo that our whole complement, when we f.nlid,
amounted to a24 men and boys, amon^ whim were
fome ofalmollall nations, language', and religions.

Being now at fea, wc were fi'r fome time in a
ftate of uncertainty what courfe (he commodore in-
tended to (leer. He gave out at Mocao, that he wm
bound for Batavia, and from thence to England ; but
his real delign was very different. The project which
the commodore h.id refolved upon in his mind was
to cruifc for the annual (hip from Acapuico to Ma-
nilla i and, not difcouragcd by his former difaftcrs^
he refolved again to rifque the dangers of the Pacific
Ocean, and to til;e his (lation off Cape Spirito
Santo, on the iflaiid of Jamal, beins the firll land
the Acapulco (hips make in approaching the Philip-
pines. When wc were thus got out to lea, it was no
longer n' cffary to conceal liis project, he thertforei
fummor.-d all his people on the quarter-deck, and
in a (hort, but fpirited fpecch, informed them of hi*
de(ign, whic!. was received by them with figns of
hiKiicli approbation. Such a confidence of fuccel's had
dimiled itfclf through all the (hip's comp-nny, that the
commodore, who had taken fomc Chincle lliecp to fea
with him for his own provifion, enquiring one day
of his butcher. Why he had lately feen no mutton at
his table ? the man replied. That there were but two
(hecp left, and thefe, with his honour's leave, he would
referve for the entertainment of the general of the
galleons.

When the Centurion left the port of Mocao, (he
ffood fome days to the wcdward, and on the firft of
May, paffcd tfie Ifland of Formofa. Steering to the
fouthward, on the 4th in the evenint; they came irt
fight of tlw Ba(hce Klands, which tluy fufpciflcd to
be wrong laid down by Dampicr, and, from obferv-
ation found them 25 leagues too far to the wcUward.
On the 20th of May they came in fight of SpiritoSanto.

As it was known that there were ccntinels placed
upon the cape to make fignals to the Acapulco (hips,*
the commodore tacked, and ordered the top-Kallant-fails
to be taken in, to prevent a difcovery ; and this being
the (lation in which he propofed to cruifc, he fixed the
limits between the latitude of 12° ;o' north, and 13'
5' the Cape it(clf lying in 12° 4" north, and four de.*
grees eaft longitude from Pibtel Tob.igo Xima. It
was now the inip from Manilla was every hour ex-
pelled i for (he feldom fails of making land in the
month of June, and fometimes fooncr, and it was
the laft day of May New Style, when the commodore
took his (tation.

* 1 hrra wcr< two expc£tcil, bcoufe&ane baitltcui peiiniitcil
to fail the (Jreccilipg \c»r.

[;Aficr

1747.

136

THE VOYAGE OF

i-+a

TIcv mrtt
uitli tl>e Ac

[Arter a month of tcdioin expc^uuon in which
hnpcsanrf fear* nllcrn.itrly reigned in tilt tirraft^of our
uilvcniurir*, on llic joih of Jiim-, Mr. C'harlo
i'r>)by a midlhipinan, ililciniiid a liiil frnin the nvlill-
licid ) un which it was itnincdialcly concluded that
this mufl be one of the gallcun^, and accordingly they
ftuod towards her. They could fi'e her from the deck at
half an hour pall fcviii in the niornin);, when flic
firrd a gun to leeward, which the Engiifh thought
had been a fignnl to her confort, but which they after-
wards found wa> intended as a ilgnal for her own pec-
jile to prrp.ire for engaging. ]

The commodore was furprifed to fee the vchel ftea-
dily purl'ue her courfe, and \va< now in no fear of
lohng her, as, at noon, he could fctcli her wake.
- Her confort not appearing, it was concluded that they
hiiH parted company, and it now became vifihlc that
the Spaniard did not intend to Ay, but to fight.
Every preparation had been previoully m.idc on board
the Centurion, and all hands jiroperly inllru^ed i to
that every man on board repaired to his poll with as
much regularity and unconcern as if prep.iring for a
review. Thirty of tlie bert markfmen lined the tops ;
two men placed thcmfelves at each );un, to lo.\il it, and
gangs of ten menc.uh, were appointed to go from gun
to gun, to run them out, and lire them as fuon as
they i—.Te loaded. Thus a conlt.int running fire was
kept up, and no interval allowed for the enemy to
ftand In their guns in I'afety, as is common when whole
broad-fiiles arc difchargedat once.

At one in the afterncxin, the galleon hauled up her
for«-fail, and brought tn, under top-fails, with her
hciid to the northward, h'jIiHii'; SpanKh colours, and
having the Itandard of Spain flying at her top-gallant
mall-head. About the fame time the Centurion hoifted
her broad pendant and colours j and feeing the enemy
clearing the decks of tlieir cattle and lumber, gave
orders to fire the chacc Run<, to dlllurb them in their
employment. The galleon returned the fire with her
Hern chace guns, one of which carricil aw.iy one of
our rore-fliroudi, which coulj not have hec.i done by
»n ordinary ball. The Englifli fetting their fprit-fail
fore and aft for boarding, the Spaniards, out of a br.i-
v.u!o did the f.mic. Soon after the Centurion Shot a-
breaftof the enemy, within piftol (hot j and now the
engagement became hot and fierce. For the firft half
hour, the Centurion over-reached the galleon, and lay
on her bow, while by the widenefs ot her ports, (he
rould tr.averfe alnioft all her guns upon the enemy, but,
in return,. the gal Icon could only bring a part of her's
to hear.

[In the midft of the aiSion, the mats with which
the galleon had ft'ifted her netting, took fire, blazing
up nearly as high as the mizzcn-top. This accident
threw tiie Spaniards into the utmoll terror, and alfo
alarmed the commodore, he fcarinp; left the galleon
Should be burnt, and that he hiinfelf might fuffer by
being clol'cly gr.ipplcd by her. Happily, however,
both thefc dangers were averted, and the fire was cx-
tinguifhed by cutting away the netting, and letting
the whole tumble into the fca.]

All this time the commodore kept his firft advan-
tageous pofition, firing with great regularity and
bnfknefs i while, at the fame time the galleon's decks
lay open to our top-men, who having, with their
firft volley, driven the Spaniards from their tops,
made prodigious havock with their fmall arms, &c.
killing or wounding every officer but one that appeared
upon the quarter-deck, and woundiiw; in particular
the general of the galleon himfclf. 'I hus the adlion
continuedfor more than half an hour: after which the
Centurionloft the fupcriorityof hcrfituation, and came
dofc along-fide of the galleon, when the enemy con-
tinued their fire with great aftivity for ne,ir an hour
longer : yet, even in this fituation, the commodore's
grape-fliot f'.v.j-r 'hoir decks fo cffedlually, and the
number of the i' •' I ..'id wounded became (o confider-
able, that tl:. y W^:..i to fall into great confufion, ef-
prcinlly as tli. p-r-nrnl, who was the lifeof the aiflion,
was no longer able to exert hinUclf. The difordcr was

fo great, that their ofllcert were ficn running about to
prevent the dvfertion of ihi: nun Irurn iliiirp.>lUj
but all their endtavoiini wrrcu v.iln ) for, .ifl<i hav-
ing, as a laft cfl'ort, fired five or lix guns with nioia
judgment than iifual, they yielded up the conlcit ; and,
the galleon's colours being fingcd r'V the ciilign-ll.iir
at the beginning of the engagemciu, (he llruilc the
llar.dard at the nuin-top-gallant-nial)-lic,id ) but eveii
this office would have been at tlie peril ui the nun'*
lite, had not the cummoJure, obferving what he wat
about, given exprefi orders to leave oft firing.

The commodore, when the action wan ended, re-
folvcd to make the ntft of his way with his prize tu
the river Canton, being, in the mean time, fully cm-
ployed in Iccuring his prifonvrs, and in removing the
treafurc from on board the galleon into the Centurion.
His firft bufiiiefs was to conimiflion the ftiip, and put
licr under the command of proper olHcers : Lieuten-
ant Saumarcz was appointed Captain, and was liiinic-
diatcly ordered on board tu take poU'efljon of hit
charge. ,

But, juft as the galleon had ftruck, the officer who
commanded between decks came up, feeinlngly co
congratulate the commodore on his conaueft i but at
the fame time privately whifjK-rcd to him, that the
Centurion was dangerouily on fire near the powder-
room. Itfcemsoneof the lads, called powder mon-
keys, being heedlcfs, a cartridge that he was carrying
blew up in his hands ; this fired another, and that
three of the lower-deck guns on the oft' fide of the
(hip, which being happily lo.ided arul laid down for
fcrvicc, and the |<orts hauled up tn vent the fmoke,
they did not occafion the leaft mli'chlcf i however, the
cartridges and guns together raifed fuch a fmothcr,
that it was at firft doubtful whether it proccctled from
the cxplofion, or from a part of the lliip being on
firci in fd£\, upon examination, it was found to
proceed from both : for part of a cartridge having
fallen between the planks of the cieling, clofe aft bf
the fcuttle of the chaplain's cabin, not only a confi-
dcraWc finoke iftiied out, but a very fcnfihlc heat, and,
had it not been immediately cxtinguiflicd, the conic-
quencc would have been dicaJlul : to be brief, a few
pails of water feafnnably applied, did more than all
the water of the ocean could have tfttiiltd after au
hour's delay.

This alarm being thus happily fubfided, we drafted
out 50 of ourpco|)le (of whom myfelf was one) to
board and man the prize. I heard we killed them 60
men, and wounded as many more, and expei^lcd to
havcfcen the horrid fpeflaclesof mangled limbs, dcail
carcafcs, and decks covered with blood : but no fuch
fpcflacles appeared, a party having been properly fta-
tioned, during the time of a£llon, to walh away the
bloo' and to tlirow the dead over-board. We found,
however, many dcfperately wounded, and among
them the general, who had received a mulkct ball in
his breaft, and was, or pretended tobcfo ill, that
it was judged unfafc to remove him from his cabin :
but all the other officers, together with the paf-
fengcrs of note, were fcnt on hoard the Centurion.
Among the latter was an old gentleman, governor of
Guam, who was going to Manilla to renew his com-
miffion, and who had fcarccly mouuted the Centurion'^
fide before he was received with open arms by Mr.
Croodcn, captain of marines, who, 36 years before,
at the battle of Almanza, had been his prilbner, and
honourably ufed by him. Thefc two renewed their
old acquaintance, and Captain Croodcn had a long-
wifticd for opportunity of returning the favour he haid
formerly received, and which he gratefully remem-
bered.

The Ihip, which upon examination, was found to con-
tain to the value of more than a million and a half of
dollars, was called the Nueftra Signora de Cabadonga,
Don Jeronimo dc Montero, commander, by nation a
Portuguefc, and accounted the moft intrepid officer
employed in the Spanifti mercantile fcrvicc : and, in-
deed, in my opinion, he was more brave than p: udcnt j
ror, furcly, no wife man, intruftcd with fuch a cargo,
7 fix

C () M M O D O R K A N 8 O N.

Tx lenguf* to ihf wiiidw.inl of ;i m.in ol war, pur-
polcly llatiimcil to intiru'pf hiin, would li.uc lioriU!
down upon liik (luniy, ami lii.ivoJ Imim (o Iiih tcclh,
when, with the a(lv.iiita(;i' ol the wiiul, he nii^ht h.ivt
got (ato to port, Iroin whi iicf he was not Jiiore tluii
lo ur I a I'M;',iii« diit.iiit, and wliciu Ik iiii^lil ihiii
have let his puirii'rat deti.iiKe.

Hi» galleon was indicil larger than the man of
war, was pineeil for 64 (^iirx, hut had only \f>
mounted, molt of thcni 1 ji noiinders and 17 of them
brafs : (he had, helidcs, jH patararoes in hei ;.Min-
Wale, quarters, and tops, raryin/, e.uh a 4lh. hall )
and, Ixlore the engigement, Ihc nuilh nd ().( ) men
lapahle of btariiiL; arms, oiro(is ami palhnjMis In-
cluded ; (lie was Titlides, well (iintilheil with fmall
arnn, and was partieul.irly provide d ag.iinll hoardini;,
lioth liy her ilole nuarlir-, and hy a llion^', net -work ol
two-ineli rn|ic laeed over her walle, and loitihed with
h.df-pikcs plaeed in tin mniner olrheiaux de tri/i';
but, notAithllandiii^j; all h'r dif'iues (he had 64
men killed, and 84 wounilcd, uhillt tin.' Centinion
had only two men killed, and a lieutenant and |l> men
wounded, all uf whom rccu\ered, one man only ex-
cepted.

And now the commcxlorc learned from fomc of the
prlfoncrs, that the other (hip, which had been kept in
the port of Ai:apulco the year Uefori, inllead ot re-
turninj in company with this, as was expicled, had
failed earlier in the liafon th.in ul'ual, and was pro-
bably [lot inio Manilla belorc the Centurion fet fail
from .Vlocao i fo that, notwitlillaiuling our prtlcnt
fuccefs, \vc had reafon to ree,ret the lofs of lime occa-
fioned by the delays of the C'hinefi', which prcvilitnl
our takinj;two rich prizes inllead of one, thounh to fay
the truth, it would not have been an cafy talk to dil-
pol'c of th? priloncrs, which, even as it fell out, was
a matter that gave the commodore n<i fniall dilcpiie-
tu,h- i for they were above double the nuniber ol <iur
people i and fomc of thiiii obl'ervcd, when they were
brought abroad, how flenderly we weremanneil t and
the general hinifelf could not help exprellin;!; his in-
dignation to be thus beaten by a handful of boys. It
was therefore ncctlVary for our own pnfervation t>
prevent th ir rlfing j and that could not be fLCurily

tlRcted without exercifmg u degree of leverity

ot lie iLCurily
everity whieli
in any other circumllaiices eouM not have been jurti-
fied on the principle!; 01 Immaniiy ; for llure was no
method practicable but that of llowing the men in the
holds of the two (hips i and ns fji the otlieers, 1 j in
nunib.r, they were contincd in thj f\i{\ lieutenant's
cabin, under a guard of fix men, (irit deprivin.; th.m
of their arms, and then keeping a (Irict watch on ;dl
their motions. Indeed, the lult'erings of the conmum
men. Inch of them, in particular, who were not em-
ployed in navigating the (hip, were much to be pitied;
for, the weather being extremely hot, the (tench of
the hiild was loalhfomc beyond conception, and their
allowance of water but juft futficient to keep them
alive, being only a. pint a day, for each man. It was
next to a niir.icic that not a man of them died, during
their confinement, except five of the wounded, who
cxpiied the very night ihcy were brought ;ibo:\rd the
Centurion. Thus circumftanccd, the motives of
humanity, as well as interelt, (Irongly urged the com-
modore to lialten his return to China ; and the prize
being much damaged, both in her hull and rigging
it was found ncccdary to take her in tow for a (juickcr
dil'patch.

On the 21ft of June It blew a ftorm, which con-
tinu d till the 25tli when the Tea ran mountains high ;
in this ftorm the Centurion lod her long-boat, and
the prize a launch.

()n the 2d of July wc palTed between the Ba(hcc
in.mds, tliough the rippling of the fea feemed to in-
dicate breakers or rocky ground ; but, the wind bear-
ing fo far to th;; northward as to render it difHcult to
vrathcr them, we rifqucd the danger to Ihorten the
vovagc. On the Xth ol July wc made- the conft of
China, and on the nth came to an anchor otT the
city Mocio J from thence wc proceeded to the river

Vol. I. N13.

of Canton, where wc nut with tlif ufu.il obflriii51ion«
from the cultom-houle ollieii ., and v, hi te the cum-
modore wai aijain obliged, as it were, lefolulely lo
force hit way to his iniciidul (lation. The odicir*
who came to take the dum nlions of hi', (hip-, ill the
uliial manner, feemul allonilli<il \\\u\\ he lalkul of
hi ing exenipleil lioiii the .111 ultoiiuil r.ne-, and gave
him to undtiltand, that the emperor's lUily mult bo
paiil hy rverv (hip that came into his ports i and the
pilot had private iiiltruClions not to carry the (h'p*
through the llocca r)gris,or nariow pals thai form*
the enlranee into the rner Canton, till feeuiity wa>
;',lven fir the .iciiiilomed charges.

And h'le it .n.iy be neeill.iiy jult to mention that
this p. lis, not nioie th.iii a i|u.Nterofa mile inbie.iddi
is del'iiiili .1 by two l\irts on the oppnilte fides; but
lliele the lOMiiiiOili.ie diliegaiding, .'iid beirg deter-
mined lo enter the river u ilhuiit delnv, as the lloimy
leafon w.is approaching, caiiled the pilot to be
brought before him, and, in a deti rmii.ed tone, threa-
tened to h.ing hiin to the yanl arm, if he did not in-
(tanlly take charge of the fliip, and carry her fiiie,
without Itriking ground, throu|'h the lioeca Tygris
into iiie open liver. The poor nilm perfoimid hiil
olhei', but did not eleape punilnni. nt fur what he
could nut hel)), lie was iiiH^imly li' /ed, o;i being
ri leafed from the Centurion, coiiiniitud to |'rilivii,
ind ri ;oroully i|ileiplini.d with the b.jiih'O. Iluw-
ever, he found means to get accefs to the tommudorc
afterwards, to fupplicate a rtconipenee, who, ever
ready toieward the full'erers in his lervite, !»;i\e hiin
I'uch a funi as more than contented him for his whip-
ping. Nor was the poor pilot the only fuftinr, for
the governors ol the forts, were both dilpl.ieed for not
preventing vshat it was in valu for them to aitcinpt
to oppofe, and lor not doing w hat all the council niulb
know was impolTiblc to he dune.

On the 161I1 the commodore feiit his fecond lieu-
tenant to Canton, with a letter to the viceroy, ;iHign-
ing his reafon for putting into that port, demanding
a licence for piiiehafing provilions and llores, and in-
timating an intention of waiting upon his exeelkney
ill perfoii to make his ackiiuwlcdgemcnts, Theliiu-
teiiant was civilly received, and promiled an anf.^e^
the ne> t day. In the mean lime, the principal odicers
of the prize deliied pirmiflioii to go lo Canton on
their parole, which was readily granti J 1 thefe no fuoner
arrived, tlian they were called I'.linr a mauHlraey
and examined ; wlKii they gen''V'.illy and fr.inki) .le-
knowledged, that tliiy III.' into the h.nids oi liic
commodore by the chance ot war, and though they
were prifoneis, they were notwiihlt.iiuling at liheitv to
treat for their reUa'e ; they (aid fanlur, that iho' it w as
not the cultom among European nations to put pri-
foners to death ; yet that the laws of war auiliorifed
much leverer treatment than they had hitherto met
with fiom tlicir coiinuerors. This confellion from an
enemy h.;d great weight with the Chinefe, who, till
then, thougli theyh.id reviewed the commodore's naval
force, had yet fufpectcd his morals, and li.id confidered
him rather as a lawlcfs free-hooter, than as one com-
miflloncd by the (late for the revenge of public injur its.
On the 20th of July, three man Jarincs with thvir
retinue came on board, and brought the viceroy's puniit
for a daily fupply of provifions, and for piluts to carry
the (hip up the river as high as the I'econd bar ; and,
at llie fame time, they deli\ered a mellage (rom the
viceroy, in anfwer to that par: of the commodore's
letter which related to vifiting his excellency, thefub-
(tance of which inertagcwas. That the viceroy willuj
the commoilore to defer his vifit till the hot fcafon was
over; but that in September, when the weather would
be more tempoiate, he (hould be glad to receive him.
This the commodore looked upon as a tinefl'e, know-
iiiB an cxprcfs was fcnt up to the emperor's court at
PcTcin 1 whence the real motive for putting otF the
vifit feemed to be to gain time to receive the emperor's
indruJlions concerning the ceremony to be olilerved
at his reception. The mandarines, having difpatched
this part of their commiflion, next entered upon the
O o bufiiK'ls

<74»

•38

THE VOYAGE OP"

1742 bufincfsofthe port charges ; whereupon the commo-

^^ ' <lorc at once cut them ftiort, by telling them that as

he dill not come to trade, he was not to be treated
upon the fame tooting with trading Ihips ; that his
Britannic Majcdy's ftips never paid cuftoms in the
ports of Kuropc, nor ever would be fubjedl to pccuni-
du'e rctunto ^'■y impoft' '" any <"her port whatever. Finding
pay cuUoins. nothing to be gained on this head, they told the
commodore, that they had ftill another matter in
char^i', and that was the a-leafe of the prifoners
taken on board the galleon, for that the emperor
would never permit the fubjedtsof princes with whom
he was in alliance, to be held in bondage in his do-
minions, nor could the viceroy anfwer it to his fo-
vcrcign, if he fuffered it ; and that therefore his cy-
ccllency hoped that the commodore would give im-
mediate orders for their releafe. Though nothing
could be more agreeable to the commodore, who
wanted much to be rid of the incumbrance, than
this rcquifition, yet to inhancc the favour, he at firll
r.iifcd difficulties, but at length fuftercd himfelf to be
prevailed upon by their intrcaties, and concluded,
bv alluring them, that, to (hew his rcadinefs to
oblige, he would deliver up the prifoners whenever
the viceroy would order bouts to fetch them. Mat-
ters being thus adjuftcd, the mandarines departed ; and,
in a few days, two Chincfe junks were fent from
Canton to carry them to Mocao, under the direction
ot one Captain Kial, commander of a Spanilh nicr-
c!.a:it-man, to whole (hip we gave chace in our paf-
("a^e from the Bafliee lllaiuls to Mocao, but loft fight
of her in the ni_!;ht.

To this gentleman the genera! of the galleon, and
all his officers, except one who accompanied us to
Kn^land, were delivered up. And now I have occa
(ion to mention the general, I cannot help relating an
art'air which gave us on board the prize a great deal of
concern, and fuificiently (hewed the meanncfs of his
f, ''it, and his beggarly craft. I have already taken
r.<;i'ce of his being wounded in the engagement, and
t;i his being indulged with the ufe of his own cabin
til! he was tit to be removed. The commodore, over
and above t'liis indulgenc-.-, lent him a fuigcon from
his own ihip, upon a c<.mplaint that the Spanini fiir-
pron or. board the galleon was quite ignorant in his
prot'edion ; but at the fame time he lint an officer to
demand his commiflion. Pretending tothis officer that
he was iiiKible to move, lie referred him to a fmall
box in the locker of his private cabin, in which, he
f.iiJ, it was, and likewife a l\void-belt let with dia-
monds of great value, his own property : hut, upon
fearch, neither the comniiffion nor belt could be found,
sine!, as lomc of our people had been rummaging both
that and the other parts of the (hip, he pioteltcd, that,
if thi-y could not be there found, they mull have been
taken away and concealed. Under colour of this
concealnv.iit, though he nevrT produced his commil-
linn, he all along received the moll humane and gen-
tleuLinlike treatment, that the moft worthy officer
could d..rrc or expect, and luch was continued till
his depirturc, when neither his cbcltn, of which he
had two vcrv lar^gc ones, nor any of his trunks or
cafes were futfered to be feaa-hed, but every thing that
he el.iinied as his perl'onal effects were delivered to him
with ihe grcatel! care and punctuality ; though, as I
was aftcrivarls infonneil, he had manvvaluable ven-
tures concealed, whieli ought to have been delivered
up .IS prize to tlie captcrs ; but, that was never exa-
mined into, he carried them oft' with the relt, and, it
waifuppofed, was not the lealt among the gainers by
th • capture of his Oiip. lie perfilted, however, to the
lalt, in the lofs of his commilTion and belt, and,
thoiiith there were none on board on whom h' could
charge the theft, yet the commodore fufficiently cx-
prefl'ed his difpleafurc againft the whole crew, by the
prohibition he laid upon us, asfoonasthe prize came to
an anchor in the river, by which all communication
was cut off between us and the country people, and
no boat furi'ered to come near us but our own, hy which
(c/crc order we wireenlirtly debarred from purchafing
7 I

our own provifions and ncccfTaries from the Chineft,
which the people in the Centurion were at full liberty
to do, neither could wc employ theChinefe tradelmcii
to fupply us with apparel, of which we ftood greatly
in need, though in that too the Centurion's people
were indulged ; and all this for no other reafon, ever
afTigned than that the commodore was determined
the fccreter (hould have no opportunity of difpofing
of them without being difcovered. Had this precau-
tion been taken as it ought, for the fatisfai^f ion of thufe
futFering under the leverity of the cenfure j and hati
the cft'etSts of the Spani(h general been propenly in-
fpedted, the fecrcter would l;ave been publicly cx-
pofed ; for when wc afterwards fell down to Mocao
with the (hips, where we fold the prize, I was my-
felf told by an Irifli pricft that the general had both
hisconimimon and his belt, that he made no fecrct of
the matter at Mocao, and that he had offered the jewels
(made up only by way of blind) among the merchants
for fale.

During our ftay in the river Canton, our people
were employed in repairing the Centurion, overhaul-
ing her fails and rigging ; alfo in ventilating her
decks and quarters below, and in paying and deco-
rating her hull j infomuch that when (he came to fail,
(lie had more the appearance of a (hip newly fitted
out, than of one that had been a three years voyage
round the globe. While thcfe things were doing in
the Centurion, wc on board the prize were bufied
in rummaging for treafure, till about the latter end
of Auguft, when we made a full end of our fearcli,
and found, upon account of the captors, 1,278,5+6
dollars in fpecie, and 1,324 of wrought plate and vir-
gin filver. The jewels found were not then valued.
While the inferior officers and feamen were thus em-
ployed, the commodore had a (till more important bu-
llncfs in hand. He knew it was impoffible for us to
proceed to Kurope, without an am|ile fupply of pro-
vifions and other i'ca (lores ; and though v\e were fur-
nifhed vitli a daily allowance, yet no order h,ad Iven
obtained for victualling us for our intended voyage.
Application had indeed been made, and terms agreed
upon with the contractors to furnifli whatever was
ncccfl'ary ; and thcv had the viceroy's perniifTion for
the delivery; hut when, a!)Oiit the middle of Septem-
ber the jiroper officer was lent to inquire in what for-
wardncls thcfe things were, he found that the baker
had not begun to bake the bread, nor the butcher to
kill the oxen ; nor was the lead (Icp taken to comply
with any one article of the agrf^ment. Wc could
no otherwife account for this faithlefs procedure of
the Chinefe, 'ban by fuppofiiig they meant to (tarve
us into a compliance with their accultomcd demands
for port charges, with which the commcKlore was
determined never to acquiefcc Indeed it was fiifpeclcd
that the contractors themfelvcs had fomc intercfl in
promoting the delay, thougli it was not eafy to pene-
trate the views by which they were influenced, as it
may with truth be aflertcd, that in artifice, falfehood,
and attachment' to all kinds of lucre, the Chinefe, as
a nation, are not to be parallelled by any other people
under the fun. It were endlefs to recount all the ar-
tifices, extortions, and frauds, which were pradtifcd
on the commodore and his people by this Interefted
race. The method of buying provifions in China
being by weight, the tricks made ufe of to make them
heavy, were almo(t incredible. At one time a number
of fowls and ducks being brought for the (liip's (tore,
thegreateft part of them picfcntly died, which fpread
a general alarm on board, for fear they (houKI have
died of poifon ; but, on examination, it was difco-
vered that they had crammed them with fmall (tones
and gra'.'cl, to incrcal'e their weight. The hogs too
bought of the Chinefe ready killed were found to have
water injcdled irto the carcafes for the fame purpofe,
and when, to avoid this cheat, the hogs were bought
alive, it was found that fait had been given them to in-
creafc th.ir third, and methods ufed to fupprefs tliiir
urine, and that the tortured animals had been fold in that
inflated (late, — Mr. Walter adds, That as the Chinefe

never

COMMODORE ANSON.

139

never fcrupleto eat thtTc nnimals that die of them-
felvcs, they contrived by their fccrct practices when
the commoJorc put tofca, that part of his live ftock
Ihould die in a Ihort time after it was put on board.
In order, therefore to make a fecond prufit of the dead
carcafes, which they cxpcftcd would be thrown over-
board, they followed in boats, to pick up the carrion ;
and accordingly two thirds of the hog'- dying, before
the fhip was out of fight, their labour could nut be
in vain.

The treachery of the contraftors being now dif-
covercd, the commodore determined to renew his
former requifition for an audience with the viceroy.
With this view, he notified his intentions to the pro-
per mandarine, and deflrcd he would fix the time with
the viceroy when he would be picafed to receive him j
at the fame time giving him to underftand that, on the
firft of October he intended to proceed in his boat to
Canton. The mandarine returned for anfwcr. That
he would make the viceroy acquainted with his inten-
tions.

As it was apprehended that the pa-'ment of the cuf-
tomary duties would be demanded nc this interview,
the commodore took the neceffary precautions to pre-
vent the Chinefe from facilitating the fuccefs of their
pretentions by having him in their power at Canton,
and therefore gave the command of the Centurion to
his firft lieuteuant, Mr. Brett, (now Sir Piercy) with
orders if he Aiould be detained, to lie at the mouth of
the river, and to fuffcr no boat or fllip to pafs or re-
pafs till he was rcleafed. This being known to the
Chinefe, they were now more embarrafled than ever
in their deliberations. On the morning of the firft
of 0(3ober the boat's crew, to the number of 18,
whom the commodore intended to take with him, ap-
peared in their uniform, confifting of fcarict jackets
and blue lilk w.iiftcoats, the whole trimmed with fil-
vcr, havinc; .tITo filvcr b.idgcs on their jackets and
caps. JiiU at this time Mr. Anfon's linguift came
to him from the mandarine, to tell him that a letter
had been received from the viceroy, defiring the com-
modore to defer his intended purpofe for two or tlircc
days, the men were ordered to be undrefled, and the
preparations were all laid aficle. But, in the after-
noon of the fame d.iy, another linguift came on board,
fcemingly in a great panic, to "inform him tliat the
viceroy had expe£^cd him up that dav ; that the
council had been aftcmbled, ami the troops put under
arms to receive him j and ;illb that the viceroy, highly in-
ccnfed at thcdilappoiiitnuiit, had fent the commodore's
linguift to prifon, fuppuliiv^ him to be the folc caufe
of this contempt. This plaulibic talc gave the com-
modore great uneafinef';, at th.it time, not fufpedting
any oppofition : and though it aftc-rwards appeared to
be all a farce, yet the falfehood was (ii well fiipported
by the artifices of the Cliinefe merchants, that the
coinmodore read a letter three afterwards fiirned

by all the fupeicargocs of the I lifti ftiips then at
the plate, exprefling their anxiety about what had
happened, and intimating their fears that fome infiilt
would be offered to his boat, if he attempted to come
to Canton before the viceroy was fully fatisfied of the
miftake. To this letter the commodore replied. That
he did not believe there had been a miftake, but was
perfuadcd it was a forgery of the Chinefe, to prevent
his vifiting the viceroy, and that therefore he would
certainly come up to Canton on the 13th of Otftoher,
confident that the Chinefe would not dare to offer him
any infult, as well knowing he ftioiild neither want
the power nor inclination to make them a proper re-
turn. Accordingly, on the day appointed, the com-
modore continuing firm to his refolutions, all the
fiipercargoes of the Englifli, Danifb, and Swedifti
(hips came on board the Centurion, to accompany
him to Canton, for which place he fct out in his barge
the fame day, attended by his own bo.its, and by thofc
of the tr.iding veflcls, which, on this occafion, were
fcnt to augment his retinue. As he pafFed by VVam-
po, where the European veftl-ls lay, he was filuted
by all of them except the French ; and in the even-

ing he arrived fafc at Canton. Tlic Chinefe mer- 1742

chants, who afFefled to appear very much pical'ed V' » ^

that he met with no oppofition in his way, pretended

that the viceroy was then fully employed in preparing

his difpatches for Pekin, that there was no getting

admittance to him, but that they had cng:i,;ed one of

the officers of his court, as foon as he was at leilure,

to notify the commodore's arrival, and endeavour to fix

the time of audience. Though Mr. Anfon knew this

to be a fiilfehood, yet he fuffcred himfelf to be perfuaded

by the F^uropeaii fupercargoes not to appear to doubt

it, provided the Chinefe merchants would undertake

that his bread ftiould be baked, and all his ftorcs in

rcadinefs within forty days ; after which time if the

Icaft article was forgotten, he would force his way to

the viceroy, and prefer his complaint.

During the interval; while the contraftors .vereen- A fire at Can-
deavouring in carneft to fulfil the terms of the agree- '"".J^'j'I"
ment on their part, (which however they '"''ftcd |"'*i,'^ * ''
ftiould be paid for in advance on his) a fire broke out
in the fuburbs of Canton, which, on the firft alarm
being fpread, might eafily have been cxtinguilhed by
pulling down fome of the adjoining Iheds ; which the
commodore with his officers and crew obfcrving, were
about inftantly to carry into execution ; bi;t they were
told that whatever they pulled dowa they mu(t build
up again at their own expence, and that none but a
mandarine muft prefumc to direct upon lu li occafion?.
On receiving this admonition, the coivnii.dore dil-
patched his people to the Englifh fachuy, toafTill his
countrymen there in fecuriiig their t-dlct^, a^ it w.is .
eafy to conclude no diftance was fafe from fire where
the common people contented themfclves with gazing
at it, and now and then holding u|i an idol byway of
e^tinguifliing it. At length a mandarine came out of
the city with fourorfive hundred firemen, » iio made
fome feeble efforts to pull down the neighbouring
houfi's, but by this time the fire extended itl'clf", and
had fpread among the merchants warehouf'es, where
the Chinefe firemen had neither fpirit nor fkill to en-
counter it ; fo thai it was feared the whole city would
have been laid in .aflics. In this emergency the vice-
roy vouchfafed to make his appearance j and a mel-
f.ige was fent to the commodore requefting his alTift-
ance. Accordingly he haftened a fecond time with
about forty of his men to the place where the fire raged
with the gieateft violence ; and they, in the fight of
the whole city, performed fuch daring, and to the
people who beheld them fuch aftonifhing feats, that
they looked upon their guefts as falamanders, and cried
out that they could live in the fire. In reality, it was
no uncommon thing to fee fome of the boldeft and
moft aftive among the Englifli, tumble on the roofs,
amidft the ruins of the houfes which their own ef-
forts had brought down under them. And thus, by
their agility, the fire was very foon fubducd, to the
aftonifhment of the Chinefe, who were fpcflators of
the wonders which they performed. The Swcdifh
was the only faftory that fuftercd on this occafion,
though an .account widely different was afterwards
given in the Paris Gazei.,:.

This fignal affiftnnce gained the Englifh com-
mander much refpect. He was the next clay waited
on by the principal inhabitants with prefenf, and
thanks ; and, foon after, a mcflligc came from the
viceroy, appointing the 30th of November for the
day of^audience. Being highly plealed with this luft
intimation, Mr. Anfon, inftantly gave orders for the
neceffary preparations, and engaged Mr. I'llnt, a
gentleman belonging 10 the Englifh factory, for his
interpreter, who having been trained up from his in-
fancy among the Chinefe, fpoke their language flu-
ently, and who was not afraid to deliver with bold-
nefs what the commodore gave him in cliargc, a part
which the Chinefe interpreters would not have dared
to perform with equal fidelity.

On the day appointed, the commodore and his re-
tinue fet out ; and, as he entered the outer gates of
the city he was met by a guard of 200 foldiers, that
conducted him to the great parade before the emperor'*

palace,

140

THE VOYAGE OF

>743

The commo-
tliMc lias an
auJicncc (it'
the viceroy.

Enlace, in which the viceroy then refided, where a
ody of troops to the number of 10,000 were drawn
up under arms, who made a fine appearance, being
all new cloathcd for this ceremony. Through the
middle of thefe the commodore marched with liis re-
tinue to the hall of audience, where he found the
viceroy fcatcd under a canopy, in tlie emperor's chair
of itatc, with all his council of mandarines attend-
ing. He was feated the third in order from the vice-
roy, the chiefs of the law and treafury being the only
perfons placid above. Mr. Anfun then addrefling
the viceroy, by his interpreter, complained of the
dilavs which he had met with, enumerating the in-
fnictrity of thofe whom he had employed, the various
impxfitions of the officers of the culloms ; the griev-
ances of tlie Britilh fubjedls ; and, finally, mentioned
the lofs fufiaincd by the Ilallingtitld Imiiaman, which
had arrived there dilinalkd but a few days before the
fire h;ippened, by which the crew h.id been great
furtcrt r>, and the captain in particular, who hail lofl
a chelf of treafure, of the value of 4500 tahcl. To
the latter article, the commodore received for anl'wer.
That in fettling the emi>eror's culloms with that fliip,
the Captain (hould be conlidered. To the other com-
plaints the commodore received no anfwer. Having
now gone through the fevcral articles which he had in
cliarge from the company, he next entered upon his
own artairs, and particularly concerning the licence to
fliip otK his provilions and llnrcs, which he faid were
all ready, and the leal'on forl'ailing now fct in. The
viceroy replied to this. That the licence ftiuuld be
immediately iliuid, and that every thing Ihnuld be or-
dered oil board the following day. The bufinefs be-
in^ now at an end the vie -my continued the convcr-
fatioii f-ir Ibinc lime on ililterence and ciiriofity ; and,
after ol)i'erving that the Centurion had been long on
the coalt, he concluded with acknowledgments for the
fer\ ices which the commodore had rendered the Clii-
Jiel'e, I1V tlie activity of his people at the late fire, and
vitli wiihing him a good voyage to Great Britain.

I'lius h;ip])ily concluded this lonj expected audi-
ence J and, III purfuance of the viceroy's promifes,
the provifions were begun tobefliipped the very next
day. And now all the preparations for putnni; to
lea were purfucd w ith fo iiuich expedition, that by the
5th, the Centurion and the prize were ready to un-
moor j on the ictli, they |)alii.'d through the Uocca
Tygris into the open road, and, on the 12th anchored
belore tlie town of Mocao. \Vhile they lay there,
the Poriiiguefe merehants inleied into tii.itywitli tin
commodore tor the |Hircliafe of the prize, lor which
they would i;ive no nioic th.in toco doll.-.rs, though
worth doulilc that fum : but the impatience of Air.
Anfon to lie gone, that he niiuht hinilelf he the mel'-
I'eiiuer of his o.^n gooil lortuiie, and thereby prevent
thicnterpriles of me enemy to intercciit him, pre-
vailtil upon him to conclude the bargain j and (he he-
ir/.'; iVIivered on the 15th of iJccenilicr, and the mo-
jiey received in ihe afternoon of the fame day, he
hoilled tail, ajiu took his departure fur his native
country.

On the -jd of January he came to an anchor at
Prince's Ki.md, in the ilrei;;hts of Sunda, and, on
the 8th wei;."hed, and continued his couife. From
tliis time till th>' 23d, we had foul and ftormy w ea-
th'r; and the wind blowing againft us, we were
driven pretty nenr the co:ift of New Holland ; and
lirid it coatiiuied blowing in the fame diieeiion for
4H hours longer, we fhou'.d have found it difficult
to have clean d the co„ll i but on the 21ft the wind
aljatcd, aJid the weather became moderate. On the
24tli the trade-wind ftt in, and then we proceeded on
our pi'lfage with the greatelt alaciity. On the 24th
ol I'lb.uary, at half aUi r four in the morning, I dif-
coverexi a cor. u to the ealtward, near the horizon,
beiiii', as I judgeil, lately emerged from the fun's
r.<v'. Its tail was at this time about ten degrees in
leiiath 1 hut in LTs than a fortnight, it increaled, and
cxtuuliJ illilf to near 40 degrees. Its head appeared
very Urge and bii^hti and, on a nice itiiucction, I

have perceived it when the fun has been about half itt
diameter above the horizon. The next time 1 ob-
lerved its diftancc from the planet Venus, to be afa'
50' following the order of the planets ; but not having
inftruments fit for taicinu altitudes without a very ob-
vious fcnfible horizon, fwas prevented from makiiia;
more fatisfaclory obfsrvations. From this time till
the 6th of March, we had pleafant weather with few
exceptions, but on that and the three following days,
being near the Cape of Good Hope, we had fome
boilterous ilorms j yet, when we arrived at Table-
Bay, on the I Ith, the Dutch knew not that any fuch
had happened. We found riding here two tnglifli
Eaft-lniliamcn, the Salifbury and Warwick, each of
which falutcd us with thirteen guns, and we returned
eleven. We alfo found five Dutch fliips, one of which
as admiral, having a flag at his main top-mall lie.ad,
faluted us with nine guns, and we returned feven.
At eleven at night we parted our beft bower cable
and hawfer, both of which were very rotten, and the
next day moored again with others purchafed from the
Dutch. Here the commodore continued till the be-
ginning of April, highly delighted with the place,
and during his ftay entered 40 new men. Having
completed the taking in of our water and provifions
on the third of May, we weighed anchor. On the
19th we p.iil'ed w'thin fight of St. Helena, which
however, we did iu)t vifitj and, on the 26th we caught
on board a fnakc that mcafurcd fix feet two inches in
length, which our furgeon on examination, pronounced
to be perfeiSly harmlefs ; this ferpcnt was fuppofed to
have been brought on board with our wood, at Prince's
Idand, in the freights of Sunda. Being before the
wind on the 30th, with a fine breeze and a gentle
rain, a violent and fuddcn fquall took us a-head,
which threw »ll the fails a-back, carried awav our fore
top-fail yard, fplit the fore-fail, fore top-fail, and
fore top-gallant fail, as alio the mizzen and mizzeii
top-fail. During this fiiuall, the fliip lay down vciy
much, and We were in the utnioll danger of our malls
coming by the bo.ird ; bul, providentially, wcefcaped
without farther damage.

On the ()th of June, it being a thick fog, on a
fudden, wefjwa lhi]>clofeby u^, find a ihot and
brought her to. She proved to be an Kngliih Ihip
from Amlleidam, bound for Noilli America, with Pa-
latine emigrants j after having given us the firll no-
tice of a war, flic proceeded on her voyage.

We came into (buildings on the loih, and on the
lltli, at half pall eleven in the moiniiig, dilcovertd
three fail, one of which we fpoke with, at one in the
afternoon, which proved to be a Dutch vedel from
Dublin : at the f.inie tiiiio, the fecond being pretty
near us, (hewed Duti.li colours. The third, whicn
had been in chace of thefe two the w hole day, per-
ceiving that v\c ilefigned to fpeak with hir, flood from
us with all the fail ihe could crowd. We gave her
ch.ice for .about three hours, when, finding wS did not
gain upon her, we relumed our former courfc. On
the 1 2th, in the morning, tlic fog clearing up, we
perceived the Lizard Point j but that the iignal pe-
rils which had (b often threatened us, and from
whence v.c had more than once been providentially
delivered, might be dilcovtrable to the la(l, as we
were afterwards told, theie was a French fleet of coii-
fiderable force cruifiiig in the chops of ihcchanml,
through the middle of which we had failed this night
unperceived. On the I3tl>, between Portland and the
Ifle of Wight we fawa fliip towing another which was
ilifabled in her malls. The former proved to be the
Salamander privateer, the latter, a French prize,
which fhe h.id taken. We anchored on the 14th, at
eleven in the morning, at the back of the Ifle of
Wight, and in the evening weighed, and again an-
chored at Spithcad, after having been three years and
nine months abfent from England.

Thus ended Mr. Anfon's voyage, the chief fuccefs of
which was the taking of the Manilla Ihip, and which,
how ever well conducted by the commodore, by no means
aiifwcrcd (lie cnUt for which it wan at firll nropofed.

With

COMMODORE ANSON.

„cf.

pcr-

loin

Kcr

not

pc-

lum

Wiih regard to the Wager floop, which we have
already mentioned as having been feparated from the
(quadron, wc have the following account : Captain
Cheap, who commanded the velTel, knowing the im-
portance of the charge which he had in truit, with-
out which no cntcrprize of importance on (hore could
be undertaken, was extremely folicitous to reach Bal-
divia, the laft place of rendezvous and tlie firft to be
attacked, before the fquadron fhould have finiflied the
cruife, that no blame might reft upon him if the at-
tack of the city (hould be rendered improper to be
carried into execution. But while he was exerting
himfcif to keep clear of the land, in making the
Ifland del Soccoro, he had the misfortune todillocate
his flioulder, and thereby to difable himfcif from pro-
fc-cuting with vigour the defign that he had in view.
The (hip being little better than a wreck ; the offi-
cers quite cxhaufted, the weather cold, and ftormy,
the crew in a miferable defponding condition, and the
currents bearing ftrongly in fliore ; all thefe cir-
cumftances concurring, fo intanglcd the fllip with
the land, that all the efforts of her feeble crew could
not prevent her from running upon a funken rock,
where (he grounded, between two fmall iflands not
a mufquet inot from the Ihore. She continued en-
tire in this fttuation fo lone that all who were on board
might have reached the land in fafety, and ftored them-
felvcs with provifions, and every necefliiry for their
prefent fubfiftcnce, and future efcape ; but the mo-
ment the fllip ftruck, all fubordination ceafed ; one
part of the crew got poffeflion of the liquors, intoxi-
cated themfelvcs, and grew frantic in their cups ;
another part began to furnifh themfelves with arms,
and to make themfelves mafters of the money and
things of moft value, on board ; while the captain
and fomeof the principal officers endeavoured, in vain,
to maintain tlieir authority, and to prefcrve a proper
difcipline, in order to efteft th- 'Mivrrance of as
many as poffible from the comn.on trer, in which
all were involved. Butthemui.' '^^ ^fitionthat

prevailed rendered incfFcftual f i for their

prcfcrvation. Thofe who rcmai ; •. .; jfTcflion of
the fllip and her llorcs pointed the Odnnon, and fired
at thofe who had gained the land. The latter party,
on the other hand, grew riotous for want of pro-
vifions i but what completed the fcene of confufion
was, that a midfhipman, named Cozens, who had
bufied himfcif in oppofition to all good, government,
was, by the captain fliot dead upon the Ipot. [I'hc
occafion of this adlion is varioufly related; but ac-
cording to the beft accounts, the captain conflderlng
the fituation of affairs could not be juftly blamed for
his feverity.] However that might be, the confcqucncc
of Cozens's death was thcabcHition of every uiadow
of remaining order. The idea of fubfervicncy ccafcd,
and all thought of nothing but fliifting for themfelvcs,
as opportunity offered, or circumftances would ad-
mit.*] Of about 130 perfons t'lat reached the (horc,
30 died upon the place. About 80 others, having
converted the long boat into a fchooner, failed to the
fouthwnrd .attended by the cutier. Thcfc being dif-
trcffed for provifions, in doubling Cape Home, on
their return, and having loft the cutter in a ftorm,
fuffered innumerable hardftiips in their courfe to the
coaft of Brafil, where only 30 of the crew arrived to
give an account of the miferable fate of their com-
panions, fcvcral of whom had died of hunger, others
aefiri-d to be fet on ftiore, and fome beginning to be
mutinous, they landed nnddefertcd. Of 19 that were
left behind on Wagcrlflaiid,with the Captain, 16 em-
barked on board the barge and yawl, anct attempted to
cfcapcto the northward ; of thelc,oncwas drowned in
the vawl, and four were left on a dcfart part of the
coal^, where moll probably they pcrifhed. The ele-
ven reniaininz afterafruitlefs attempt to \\e:Mher Cape
Vol. I. N" 13.

1:66

Trefmontes were forced to return to Wngcr Illanil,
from whence they had firft fct out j where niirting " v ' '
with a Chilean Indian, who could fpcalc a little
Spanifh, they agreed with him to pilot tlitin to Chiloe;
but after coafting along for four days, the ca]itaiii and
his officers being on Ihore, five in number, the other
fix pcrfuaded the Indian to put to fea without them ;
by which perfidy the remaining fix were nJuccd to
the fad ncceffity of travelling near 600 miles, fomc-
times by land, and fometimcs by water ; till at length,
after a variety of misfortunes and hardftiips, four of
them, viz. Captain Cheap, the Hon. Mr. Byron,
[who lately went round the world, and whofe voyage the
reader will find related in the following fhcets.] Mr.
Hamilton, and Mr. Campbell arrived at Chiloe, and
were there treated very humanely by the Spaniards.
From thence they were fcnt firft to Valparaifo, and
afterwards to St. lago, the capital of Chiloe, where
they remained above a twelvemonth. On advice of a
cartel being eftabliftied, Captain Cheap, Mr. Byron,
and Mr. Hamilton were allowed to return to Europe ;
and Mr. Campbell, who, in the mean time, had
changed his religion, embarked for Spain. However,
as he did not there meet with fuch encouragement as
he expcfled, he returned foon after to his native
country, where he publifhed an account of his ad-
ventures.

In order to fulfil our other promife we fliall now Fate nf Ailmi-
^relent the reader with an account of what befcl thc"^^' •*''»""'»
fquadron of the Spanifli admiral Pifarro, which ftood 'l""'"'""
a very good chance of defeating the intention with
which Mr. Anfon's was fitted out, but from a num-
ber of concurring circumftances, failed in the at-
tempt, experiencing nothing but a variety of misfor.^
tunes and difappointmcnts.

This fquadron confifted of the following fliips :
The Afia, of 66 guns and 700 men, commanded by
Don Jofeph Pifarro, as admiral ; the Guipufcoa, of
64 guns and 700 men ; the Hcrmionc, of 54. guns and
500 men ; the Efperanza, of 40 guns and 450 men ;
the Eftevan, of 40 guns and 350 men ; and a patachc
of 20 guns and 120 men. And, befides this comple-
ment they had on board an old Spanifli regiment of
foot, intended to reinforce their garrifons in the South
Seas, and to counterbalance the land forces which
they well knew were intended to be fent out with
commodore Anfon.

The Spanifli admiral having gained the latitude of
Madeira, cruifcd for fome time to the eaftwaid of
that ifland, till, feeing nothing of the Englifli fleet,
he determined to purfue his inftruflions, and hold
on his courfe to the South Seas. Had he cruifcd to
the weftward, the two fleets muft have met, and had
they engaged, it is moft probable, that which ever
way fortune h,id inclined, the commodore would not
have been in a proper condition to profecute his in-
tended voyage.

But matters fell out otherwife and Pifarro, difap-
pointed in his expeditions, ftood for the Brafilian
coaft, quitting his ftation oft" the Madeiras in the be-
ginning of November, and arrived at the river Plata
on the 5th of January following, when, coming to an
anchor in the bay of Maldando, he immediately lent for
afupply to Buenos Ayres. It was here that by means
of the Portuguefe governor of St. Catherine's, he re-
ceived intelligence of the arrival of the commodore at
that port, and of the condition he was then in. Pi-
farro, however, made no other ufc of this informa-
tion than endeavouring to be beforehand with Mr.
Anfon, in doubling the Cajie, intending, if he could
firft enter the South Seas, effcdlually to alarm the coaft,
and fo far ftrcngthen the forts as to render vain all
the projefted attacks of the Englifli in thofe parts,
and entirely to deprive them of the means of procur-
ing what was neccflary for their fubfiftence. His
P P precautions

* It is not a little rcmarkibU: tlut the pl.tce where the Wa-
ger Druck, was fo near that where the Anne pink found fhelicr,
u liu keen already related, that the Wagcr'a people were even

within hearing of the Anne's morning and evening gun!, and
yet never tliought of following tlw found, or cxuninin|; from
what vcflcl it frcccedcd.

.:^-
■^-m'

14a

THE VOYAGE OF

744

precautions, however, proved iiieffvAual ; the com-
modore, hud put to lea four days before him, and
in fomc part ot' the palTage round the cnpe, the fleets
were fo near each other, that the Pearl being fcparated
from the rcll of tlic Knglllh fleet, by a liorm, was
near being decoyed by Admiral I'ifarro, as has already
been related. At that temjieftuous fcafon it was with
the utmoil difliculty, and not without the promife of
great rewards that the Spanifli failors were prevailed
on to attempt their pafTage round Cape Home. By
the latter end of Febniary, however, they had run
the length of the cape, and when turning to the welt-
ward, a llorm arofe wherein the Guipulcoa, Hcrmi-
oiie, and Efpcranv.a loll fight of the admiral ; and,
on the 6th of March, the Ciuipufcoa was feparatcd
fiom the other two. The Itorm increafingon the 7th
of March, drove the fquadron, in fpitcofall theircftbrts,
to the eallward, and at lalt fcrceil them to Brafil.
The Afia (hcltered herfelf in the river Plata, and was
joined by the Efperan/.a, and Eftivan, about the
middle of May. As to the Hcrmione it was fuppofcd
that flic had foundered at fea ; and the Guipufcoa was
run on fliorc and funk on the Brafilian coalh I'he
patachc had been condemned before they quitted
Brafil the firtt time, and her crew diltrib'.ited among
the other fliips ; fo that only three veflcls now re-
mained of the fix which had fet out on this expedi-
tion, and thefe three were in a moft wretched fitua-
tion. For though the Spaniaids had not experienced
luch dreadful efit<Ss from the I'eurvy, yet thc>' were
reduced to the grcatell diftrels by famine, inlorouch
that they caught r.itj for food, which Ibid at four
dollars apiece.*

About this time a confpiracy broke out amen" the
foldiers on board the .\fu\, to murder the admirafand
the ftiip's crew for the fake of getting all the provifions
into their own pofl'eflion. But a dying man confefs-
ing this matter to his prieft, the father purfued pro-
per methods to defeat the bloody purpoles of the con-
i'pirators. However, though they were delivered from
this danger their dillreiles multiplied. They were
pcrjictuallv attacked bv enemies which it was moft dif-
ficult to vaiujuifh : hunger, thirft, dillafe and fa-
tigue, incre.ifed upon them daily ; tlic Ihips grew more
and more lealft', and the men could not ftanJ at the
pimips. The marks of difpondency were vifible in
every countenance, and nothing wns to be heard but
complaints from every quarter. In eft'ecl the Afia
w:is near finking, when at laft flie arrived at Monte
V'edio in a moft wretched condition, having loft near
half her crew in the courfe of her voyage. When
the Eftevan anchored in the bay of Barragon, flje h.id
alfo loft the like number of her people; and the Ef-
pernn/.a, which brought 450 feamen from Spain, as
has been already noticed, had only 58 alive that
reached the fliore, and of the whole regiment of fol-
diers there were only 60 furviving.

All kinds of neccll'aries, naval ftorcs, mafts, rig-
ginvr, and nionev, the grand means '•!' purchafing
everv thing, bciii^ eipially wanted by the Spanifli ad-
mir.i!, he difpntciied an exprcfs over land by an In-
dian to St. lago in Chili, from whence it was to be
forwarded to <hc viceroy of Peru. 'I'he mellenger
charge;! with this difpatch, though it was then the
depth of w inter when the Cordilleras arc generally
fuppofed to be impalllible, on account of the fiiow,
was only 13 davs in travelling from Buenos Ayres to
S. Jiigo, which arc 300 S]>anifli leagues diftant from
c-.uh other. Admiral I'ifarro's requifition of the
viceroy was to fend him 200,000 dollars ; at the fame
time an advice boat was lent to Rio Janeiro, with a
letter of credit to purchal'e what was neecfliiry of the
Portuguefc. Neither of tliefe difpatches fuccccded as
the admiral wiflied. Inftead of 200,000 dollars, he
received but half that lum from the viceroy, and the
PortiiL;ucfe, inftead of furniftiing him with mafts and

'hi- fjiil tint a Spaiiidi failor cunccalcd Mb tirntlicr'i ticaili
foi iL-icral ilavs anij nii^lits lyint; in tticraulc liaiiuiKick with tile
cjrplc lur iIjc tilr.e ol Kccitiii); tJic dead iiian'k allowmwc.

yards, lent him only fome pitch, tar, and cordage.
And to complete the feries of his difappointments in
titofe parts, a carpenter whom he had intruftcd with a
confidcrable fum of money, fending him to Paraguay
to cut mafts, inftead of obeying his orders, intirely
dcferted the fcrvice, and married and fettled in the
country. This circumftance obliged him tolhiftthe
mafts of the Efperanza into the Afia, and to fit up
the Eftevan u ith what fparc mafts and yards they could
colle(5>, and with thefe two ftiips, as it was now fum-
mer, once more attempt doubling Cape Home. But
nothing but ill fuccefs attended all their dcficns.
This being accompliflicd, the Eftevan ran on a Ihoal
and beat ofl^ her rudder in coming de/wn the river
Plata, and the Afia proceeded alone \Vith moderate
weather ; but when flic came to the height of Cape
Hornc, and was tacking to change her eourfe to the
weftward, by fome mifmanagenient in wearing fliip,
flic rolled away her mafts and was forced back a fe-
cond time to the river Plata, when Pifarro undertook
to crofs the continent, which defign he accompliflicd.
J.i the mean time Don Mindinuetta, commander of
the Guipufcoa, which had been wrecked on the Br.t-
filian coaft, with thofe of his crew that had cfcaped,
arrived at the place of general rendezvous ; and find-
ing the Eftevan without mafts, made a li-cond appli-
cation to the Portugucfe, and fucceeded fu well as to
repair her, and carry her round the Cape. Arriving
in the South Seas, he met Pifarro, who claimed the
command of the Efj^cranza, which Mindinuetta dif-
putcd, and an enmity arofe between thofe commanders
which the viceroy in vain attempted to reconcile, each
being equally obftinatc in aflerting his claim. They
both returned over land in the year 1755 to the coaft
of Brafil, where they found the Afia in a fliattered
condition. They refolved, however, to bring this fhip
to Europe, and having fitted her up as we-ll as cir-
cumftances would permit, they manned her partly
with Spaniaids, partly with Portugucfe j together with
fome Englifliprifoners and fomc Indians whom they
had forced into the fetvice.

Thus equipped, in the beginning of November
they put to fea. But they had not long purfued their
courfe, before the Indians, who were ele\en in num-
ber, formed a confpiracy agaiiift the Spaniards, in
which they doubted not but the Portuguefe and In-
dians, who were treated with a degree of infolcnce
would join them. They had not, however, concerted
meafures properly for their purpoles, and therefore the
weight of the uiulert.iking refteil upon them alone.

About nine o'clock one evening, their chief, whofe
name was Orellana, with all his companions, came
upon the quarter-deck, and dix'W near the great cabin ;
which the boatfwain obfcrving reprimandc 1 them,
and ordered them to be gone. On this the Indian
who had laid his plan with wifdom, as far as the
infuflicicncy of his numbers would allow, fpokc to
his countrymen in his own language, on which
four of them drawing oflf, as if in obedience to the
boatfwain, two took pofl'eflion of each gang-way ;
while their chief and the reft fexmed to be quitting
the quarter-deck with a flow pace ; but as foon as
Orellana faw his orders were executed, he planed his
hands hollow to his mouth, and fet up the war cry ef
his country. Immediately the Indians fell upon the
Spaniards, and laid near forty of them at their feet,
twenty of whom were killed on the fpot, and the reij
di fabled.

When this tumult began, miny of the oflicers cf-
caped into the great cabin, where they put out the
lights, and barricadocd the door ; whilft tome of the
reft, endeavoured to cfcape along the gang-ways to the
fore-caftic, whftethc Indians placed for that purpofi:
ftabbcd the greater part as they attempted to pafs by :
others threw thcmfelves into the walte in order to lie
conccale-d among the cattle ; but the greater number
of the fugitives cfcaped up the main flirouds, to favc
themftlves in the tops or the rigging ; and though the
fore-caftle watch had not been att.icked, yet finding
their communication with the qturter-dcck cirt oft'

tUcy

COMMODORE BYRON.

they h.-ul reeourfc to the fame expedient of flicltcring
thcmrulves in the rigging.

Had the Indians been joined by the Englifli and
Purtuguefc, as they expci^ted, the command of the
Spaniards here would have ended i but as no fuch
event took place, they could not improve the advan-
tage which they had gained by purfuirj^ the enemy
any farther. The latter, in confequcnce gained time
to recover from their confufion ; and Pifarro and his
officers half-opened the cabin door. Orcllana in-
ftantly attempted to force it, but being (hot dead by
Miridinuctta, the Indians feeing him fall, leaped into
the fca, tcftifying their rcfolution by their death, and

leaving their enemies to proceed on their voyage, who
held on their courfe for Spain, where they arrived in
the beginning of the year 1746.

Thus ended an expedition in which Spain loft about
3000 of her beft failors, and a whole regiment of ve-
teran foldiers, four (hips of war and a patache, the
Afia alone returning to Europe, as the Eftevan

I was found unable to redouble Cape Home.— •The
Spaniards were entirely unfortunate, and if we ex-
cept the treafure taken in the Acapuico (hip, it will

I appear that the Engli(h rather diftielTcd the enemy than

, really benefited thcmfclves by Commodore Anfou's

I cnterprize.

THE VOY-^GE OF COMMODORE BYRON

ROUND THE WORLD.

rri

' 7

-f<.

Cnmmoilnre
Byron fiilt
from tite
Voviat.

le
le

IN the year 1764, government having formed a
defign of prolecuting the difcovcries in the South
Seas, the Honourable Mr. Byron was pitched upon
to condu(£l an expedition planned for that purpofe.
Two vcfTels being fitted out for that purpofe, this
gentleman was nominated to command the Dolphin
Blip of war in quality of commodore, attended by the
Tamai frigate. Captain Mouat commander.

Thefc vcfll-ls failed from the Downs on the firft of
June, 1764. Before they had cleared the channel,
the Dolphin ran a-ground, on which account (he was
brought into Plymouth dock ; but on examination, it
appearing that (he had received no injury, (he was in
rcadincf^ topurfuc her voyage by the id of July, when
the commodore gave the (ignal for failing.

Shaping their courfe for Madcir.i, th«y arrived at
the iflaud, and anchored in the bay of Fonchiale on
the joth, the governor of which falutcd the £ngli(h
with n guns, and the falutewas returned by the com-
modore. From hence they fct fail on the iglh ; on
the 2 lit they came in fight of Palma, one of the Ca-
nary in.uiJs * and on the 30th they anchored in the
bay lit" Port Praya. As foon as they liad taken in
water, and fuch other things a^they Itood in need of,
they tiuittcd the port with all poflible expedition,
being apprchcnfive that otherwifc they mi"ht cn-
foimter the tornadoes and hurricanes whicli gene-
rally nigc here from the month of Auguft till about the
middle of the winter feafon. They came to an anchor
in tlie road of Riode Janeiro on the coaft of Brafil,
when the commodore vifited the governor, who re-
ceived him in (late ; putting the guard under .irms be-
fore the palace ; 1 5 guns were iired in honour of
the Britifli flag, and his excellency afterwards returned
the vifit, and was received by the commodore in a
fuitabic manner on board the Dolphin. Lodgings
were here provided on (hore for a great many of the
T.unar's people who were fick ; as to thofe on board
the Dolphin, the fre(h meat and greens which they
iifid plentlfiilly, kept them in a more healthy fttuation.
However, whtle the (hips lay in this harbour, the
Portugucl'e found means to decoy away nine of the
Dolpliiu's, and five of the Tamar s |ieople, the latter
were recovered, but the commodore loft his men,
whom probably they intoxicated with liquor, and af-
terwaiiis fint up the country, there to remain till the
Eni;lilh vtdels departed.

On the 16th of Oi'^obcv, the commodore weighed
anihor, and on the 2i<i he informed the (hip's com-
pany that they were not bound to the Eaft-Indies, as

at (irft they had fuppofed, but on a voyage of difcovery,
their good behaviour in the courfe of which, would
be rewarded by order of the lords of the Admiralty,
with double pay, and other emoluments. This
fpecch was received with marks of the higheft
fatisfa£lion, and the crew promifed obedience to
the commodore, and cxprelTed their willingnefs to
do all in their power for the fcrvicc and honour of
their country.

A violent (torm arofc on the a9th, in the courfe of
which they were obliged to throvv four of their guns
overboard ; it continued all night, but fubfided on the
morning of the 30th, they made fail, and being ar-
rived at 35" 30' fouth lat. found the weather extremely
cold, though it was then the latter end of Oiflobcr^
which anfwcrs to our April, in the northern climates,
infomuch that the failors were now forry that they
had parted with their old cloaths f ; but as fuflicient
precautions had been taken, they were foon relieved
by being furni(hed with cloathing which had been
taken on board by the commodore, in order to accom-
modate hiri men in cafe of ncccflity on fo long a voyage.

On the the 2d of November Mr. Byron deli-
vered the oflicers their commiflions after the cuftomary
oath had been taken. The (hip was now furroundcd
with vaft flocks of birds, and perceiving the water
difcoloured, they ftood in for the land on the nth
of this month, and at the depth of 45 fathoms they
found ground. The next day they imagined they faw
land a-hcad of them, but it proved to be what they
call a fog bank and fuddenlyvani(hcdt. Thefe decep-
tions are frequently occafioned by ridges of clouds,
and fometimes in the higher latitudes by an cxtraordi-

Inary quality of the air, to be accounted for only by
the dodrinc of refraiElion, of which we (liall have oc>
cafion to fay more in the courfe of this work.

It is remarkable that this falfe appearance was fuc-
cecded on the 13th by a violent hurricane. In the
afternoon the iky grew black to windward, and a
noifc was heard, which refemblcd the beating of the
fea upon a (hallow beach. The birds were obfcrved
flying from the point whence the ftorm proceeded, and
(bricking through the apprthenfion of its approach.
It was not poflibte to tmkr the necefTary preparations
before it reached the Dolphin and laid her on her fide.
The firft lieutenant was ftruck down by the main
(heet, had fomc of his teeth knocked out, and was
otherwifc bruifed. The Tamar, though not fo fud-
denly taken by the dorm, as being to leeward had .
yet her main-fail I'plit, and confidcring the violence

* At titik time tlu'ir water liavini; Itccomc foul, tlicy purificil
it liv forcing a III rain iif aii .liinu^li it, by iiioanii ol a venti-
lating tulie. wliicl) liad tlic propt-rcnc^.t.

+ Stvcralot the liii,»'i cu-w luil purcluifttl fnwU, ^c. in cx-
chantrc ttir their olil Ihirts and jackets. As to tith^ thuv founil
tlicv li.i>l liitlcdiatK-o of catcliini^ anv wliilll at fca, for none of
|lic fiiiit) tiibc wvulii conu' near iht- Ihip Ucawfc Oic wa> llicailwA

with cn|iper.

t Among otiicr icinarl^alilc ilcccptiont, a mailer of arcITcl
not many years ago made oatli itiat he had fcen an illand with
trees growing onit, httwccn Newfoundland and the wcftern
cuall of Ireland : fomc Oii|i!i were fent in (carch of it, but il
proved to be a dehiUcn,

144

THE VOYAGE OF

i *>

of the hurricane, it was wonderful that no more da-
mage was done. The wind continued all night, but
abated in the morning when the fca was found to be
covered with a fmall red fifh, numbers of which were
caught by the fliip's company.

Steering for Cape Blanco, they got fi^ht of it on
the 17th and were two days cndeivourmc to gain
Port Defirc, Thcv ftood into a bay to the fouth-
ward of the cape, out co\ild find no port. On the
20th thffv faw Penguin Illand, and as they undcrftood
Port Dij/irc, to be a few leagues to the north- weft of
it, they fcnt their boat in karcU of it, which fuc-
cccdc('. to their wifli, and they entered the harbour
on th.- 2 1 (I, the commodore in his boat, attended by
two c thcr boats proceeded to found the bay. In thefc
fcas I here were thoufands of fcals and |)cnguins obferv-
cd n:ar the fliip.

7'hc country appeared to Mr. Byron on his land-
inr,, lilic one continued down, without cither flirub
CI tree to adorn it. They faw here four beads near
I I hands high, in fliapc like a deer, anfwcring the
dc/crlption of the animals called Ciuanicoes. Pro-
cfcdinu higher up the harbour, they went to an ifland
ahounuiiig with feals, above 50 of*^ which they killed,
and f'luncT fome of them nearly as lar'-. as our Eng-
lilh oxen. Among a variety of birds thit they killed,
there was one that had a head refembling that of an
eagle with a large comb on it, and a white ruft' like
a tippet round its neck. The feathers on its back were
of a fliining black, its legs were large and Itrong,
with talons like thofe of an eajrlc ; the wings being
extended meafured twelve feet trom one extremity to
the other. The Tamar failed ijito the harbour on
the 2lft with the rifing of the tide ; but the Dol-
phin, waiting for a wind ran a-ground. She re-
mained in that Htuation all night .ind the next day in
ftormy weather. They faw the track of a tygcr, and
fevcral other heafts on the 23d. On the 24th both
fliips were at length mooied in the harbour where at
fpring tides tl.j w.iter rifes no lefs than 27 feet. The
fame day the commodore went on fhore, and fliot a
hare, weighing 26 pounds, and faw fevcral others
which appeared to be as large as fawns. Landing
again on the 25th, he found the barrel of an old muf-
quet with tlic king's broad arrow on it, and an oar
of a fmgular form. The former of thefe crumbled to
dull on being touched. They had probably been left
there by Sir John Narborough, when he was in thofe
parts. Here they faw fome remains of fires, but dif-
covered no inhabitants. They ftiot feveral wild ducks,
and a hare which ran two miles before it dropped,
with the ball in its body, the flefti of which creature
was of an excellent flavour, and as white as fnow.
Anotlier party killed a fawn and two guanicoes, and
found fome of fhe latter animals in thefc parts to
weigh full ^CX) weight. Here were found the flcull
and bones of a man which were brought on board the
veflel. They alfo caught a young guanicoe, which
was very beautiful, and grew tame on board, but died
in a (hort time afterwards.

They diicovcred two fprings of tolerable water on
27th, and a ton of it was brought on board the next
day. When the commodore next went on (hore he
faw fuch a number of birds take flight, as darkened
the (ky, nor could the nen walk without treading
on eggp, a great many of which they chofe to cat,
though there were frequently young birds in them.
Some of the crew being fcnt on fliore for water, on
the 30th, two of them difcovered a tyger lying on
the ground ; the animal taking no notice of them,
they threw ftoncs at him, but could by no means pro-
voke him. He remained on the fpot till their com-
psiiions, who were a little behind them came up,
and then he walked away at his leifure. They found
the country near this bay to abound with gcclc, ducks,
widj',e'.>!i, and fca pies, befides feveral other birds, the
namis of which were unknown to them.

The fliii;- got under fail on the 5th of November,
with fair and plcai'ant weather, and a favourable gale.
Thus they h»W on their courfe for Pepy's Ifland,
7

which is laid down in 47" of fouth lat. The weather
being clear, the (hips fpread themfelves in fuch a man-
ner that they could command a profpeft of 20 leagues
between them ; but after fearching for this ifland in
vain, till the nth, the commodore concluded that
there was no fuch place, and ftood in for the main,
in order to take in wood and water. Having thus
changed his courfe, large whales were obferved to
fwim frequently about the fliip, and birds in great
numbers flew round them. A gre.it hurricane fucceeded
on the 15th before which the veflcls might have raii
more fafely than beat up againft it, but their want of
water and wood made them chufe the latter, and en.
deavour to weather it, which they did till eight
o'clock the next morning, when it abated.

They faw land on the i8tli, which, like that near
Port Dcfire, was of the downy kind without trees.
Here they obferved white porpoifcs, with black fpots,
purfuing the fi(h in the fea, which appeared in great
numbers in thefc latitudes.

_ " On the 20th they ran clofe in fliore to Cajie Vir-
gin, and having obferved a fmoke on the fliore, and
a gicat many guanicoes feeding in the valley, they came
to an anchor. The next day they failed again, and,
at length, anchored about two miles from the fliore,
near the place where they had feen the fmoke the pre-
ceding day. Here the commodore obferved a number
of men on horfeback, riding to and fro, oppofltc the ■
fliip, and waving fomething white, which he con-
ceived to be intended as an invitation for him to land ;
and as he was anxious to know what people thefe
were, he went in one boat with a party of men well
armed ; the firft lieutenant following with a feparate
party in another. When they came near the fliorr,
they faw a great number of people, horfe and foot, to
the number as was fuppofed of 500, who were drawn
up on a ftony point of land which ran far into the fca.
Though the commodore did not obferve that they had
any weapons, yet he made figns that they fliould re-
treat a little, which they very readily did, and kept
ftiouting very loudly while the crew were landing;
which was no fooner eflcfted than they were muftercd
on the bcarh, with their officers at their head. Mr.
Byron then advanced alone ; but the Indians retreated;
on which he made figns that one of them fhould come
forward. This was complied with, and tlie perfon
who advanced, appeared to be a chief, and was very
near feven feet in height Round one of his eyes was
a circle of black paint, and one of white round the
other : the reft of his face was painted with various
colours, and he had the fkin of a beaft with the hair
turned inwards, thrown over his flioulders. The
commodore and the Indian having paid their compli-
ments to each other in language mutually unintelli-
gible to the perfon to whom it was addrcflcd, they
walked together towards the main body of the nntii-cs,
few of whom were fliorter than the abovcmentioncd
ftandard, and the women large in proportion. Mr.
Byron made figns for them to fit on the ground,
which they did, chaunting in a moft ferious and me-
lancholy tone. The eyes of any one face were never
painted with the fame colours, fome being white and
red, fome black and red, and Ibine black and white ;
their teeth were white and even. They were all
drefled much alike, except that fome wore a kind of
boots, with a fpur of peaked wood faftened to each
heel. The commodore having prevailed on fome of
them that were ftill gallopping about to alight, and fit
down with the reft, diftributed fome white and yellow
beads among them, which they very gladly accepted.
He then took a piece of rihtiand, and putting the
end of it into the hands of the firft Indian, he con-
tinued it to the next, and fo on, as they fat, to the
end of the ribband. He then cut with a pair of fcif-
fars between every two of them, tying each man's
(hare round his head, which they did not attempt to
remove. It was remarked, that though the prefents
were infufficient to fupp'y them all, not one palled for-
ward from the ftation aifigncd him, nor fcemed to envy
the fuperior good fortune of his neighbour.

Among

tx.

COMMODORE BYRON.

Among there gigantic people, one woman who was
of the lurgcft fize, and moitdiragrccablv painted, had
her hair adorned witli beads of blue glafs, hanging,
in two divifions, down before her fliouidcrs, and flic
kad bracelets of pale gold, or brafs on her armsi but
there was no learning how flie obtained this finery.
One of the men fliewcd Mr. Byron the bowl of a
tobacco pipe, made of red earth, and made figns that
he wanted Ibmc tobacco, none of which they had
among them.

On this the commodore beckoned to the Teamen,
who ftill remained drawn up on the beach, three or
four of them inftantly running forward, the Indians
were alarmed, and rifing up in an inftant, were
preparing to retire, as it was fuppnfud, to fetch their
arms. Mr. Byron, therefore, ran and flopped the
failors, directing one of them only to come forward,
when he had got all the tobacco he could muftcr
among them. This reflorcd peace, and all the In-
dians refumed their places except an old man, who
£ing a long fong to Mr. Byron, at nearly the con-
clufion of which Mr. Gumming, the firfl lieutenant,
brought the tobacco. This gentleman, though fix
feet two inches high, was himfelf aftoniftied at the
diminutive figure ne cut among the ftrangers, who
were broad and mufcular, in proportion to their
height. The commodore having diftributed the tobac-
co, they made figns to him to ride to their huts i but he
intimated that he mufl return to the fhip ; on which
they fat down again, apparently much concerned.
Their horfes, though not large, were a£iive and much
under command, their faddles were like an Englifh
pad, and the bridle was formed of a thong of leatlier,
with the bit made of wood ; they had no flirrups, and
both men and women rode aftridc. When the com-
modore left them, they kept their feats, not one ofier-
ing to follow him.

On the 21 ft of December, they began failing up
the ftreight of Maghellan, with a view to take in a
proper (lock of wood and water, as the finding Falk-
land's Ifland was yet a matter of uncertainty. They
remarked a finglc Indian on this fliore, who waved
his hand to them till he loft fight of the fliip ; they
likewifc faw fcveral guanicoes on the hills. On the
evening of the aid, fix Indians came on the beach
hallooing, and making figns that they wiflied an ac-

J|uaintancc with the crew ; but, as tne feamen were
aticued, the commodore would not fend off' a boat
to them. On the 25th they faw a point of land near
St. George's Ifland, to which they gave the name of
Pirptifi Pelnt,

Having anchored at ten at night, the commodore
went the next morning in queft of wood and water,
plenty of wliich they found on the point abuve-men
tione<l. A fine level country lies over the point, the
foil of which appeared to be very luxuriant, producing
innumerable flowers of fvvcral kinds, the fmell of
which was extremely fragrant ; there was alfo a plenty
of good grafs, among which grew pcafc that were then
in olofTom. They faw hundreds of painted geefe,
(fo called from their beauty) which were feeding
among this variety of fweets ; they likcwife found an
abundance of plants, and wild celery in great quan-
tities. Many Indian wigwams were feen fituated in
the woods near flreams of water ; thcfe had been
lately occupied, as the fires appeared but juft burnt
out. In a walk of twelve miles they faw no place
proper for a boat to land, the fea breaking high on
the ftiore. Mr. Byron returned in the evening, and
found that fomc of the men had been fliooting geefe,
teal, ar^l fnipes, while others had employed tnem-
felves, with equal fucccfs in fifliing j thele employ-
ments, indeed, became ncceflfary, as the men could
have eaten thrice their allowance, owing to the keen
air of the country. On tlic 26th they fleered for
Port Famine, and came to an anchor, clofe to the
Ihore, the next day at noon. In this place'they found
drift-wood enough to have fupplicd athoufand vefTels.
The commodore went four miles up the river, but
could proceed no farther, the Uks which had fallen
Vol.. I. N- 13.

acrofs the ftream impeding the boat's way; oitc of I765

the flumps of them having made a hole in her bot- ^ ■ » ■<

torn, flic was immediately filled with water : but they

made fliift to get her on fliore, and flopped the Ituk,

fo as to return in her to the mouth of the river. The

banks of this ftream were furniflied wiili the noblcft

trees, fufficicnt in number to fupply malls for the

whole navy of Great Britain. Some of thiTe were

fu large, that four men joined hand in hand could not

cnclole them j and among the rcfl, the pepper tree

was found. Thcfe woods abounded in parrots, and

other beautiful birds. The quantity of lilh that was

daily taken was equal to the fupply of both the crews,

and the commodore fliot as mnnv geefe and ducks

as furnifhed fevcral tables bcfidcs his own.

WhiU the fliips lay at anchor htre, Mr. Byron
and a party went on fliore ; but, being caught in a
violent rain, they flopped where fonic Indians had
left a fire, the wood of which wab yet warm and
kindling a fire to dry their cloaths another fire was
inflantly made on Terra del Fucgo, the oppofitc fliore,
which they imagined to be a fignal, on a fuppofition
that they were Indians. The' hills were craggy, of
an amazing height, and wholly covered with fnow ;
but the plains were adorned with (lowers equal in fra-
grance and beauty to tliofe in the guldens in Eiif^Iand.
The commodore having ordered a tent to be ti\.ci;d
on the borders of a wood and joinini; to a livulrt,
three of the failors were there ftationed to wafli liiicn,
and they lay in the tent. One evening, foon after
they had retired to reft, tlicv were awakenctl by the
deep and hollow roarings of fome wild hearts, which
came near"- • tliem every moment. Tcnificd with ap-
prehenfiv , they made and kept up a blazing fire,
round which the hearts walked at a fmall dirtance till
the dawn of the morning, when they retired.

Near where the fliif^s rode at anchor was a hiU
cleared of wood, which they imagined to have been
a Spanifii fettlcment. Both fliips having taken in fuf-
ficient wood and water by the 4th of January, 1765,
they failed at four o'clock in the morning, in quert of
Falkland's Iflands ; but the wind dying away, they
were obliged to come to an anchor the day following.
On Sunday the 6th, they again made fail, and the
commodore, who had been 24 hours on deck, retired
to reft i but he was foon awakened by the vefTei's beat-
ing on a bank. Happily at this inftant, it was a
perfeA calm, fo that the rifing of the tide foon car-
ried the fliip fafe oft' again. On the 8th the officer of
the watch difcovered that the head of the mart was
fprung, which they fuppofed to have happened in. a
violent gale fome time before ; but ert'eflual mctliods
were immediately taken to repair the damage.

They faw land on the 12th, which was taken for
De Wert's Iflands, and at the fame time other land
to the fouth, which was judged to be what is called
New Iflands in the charts. This land confifts chiefly
of mountainous and barren rocks, on which was a
great number of birds. Seals abound here, and large
whales were feen fporting round the fliip. On the
14th they faw a flat ifland, covered with tufts of grafs
as large as buflies ; and on the following day the
commodore fent a boat from each ftiip, to examine
an opening that had the appearance of an harbour;
which being difcovered, they flood in for it in the
a.''ternoon, and found it excellent beyond their moft Port Egmont.
fanguinc hopes. Soon after this they entered ano-
ther harbour to which Mr. Byron gave the name of
Port Egmont, from the title of the nobleman at that
time, the firft lord of the Admiralty. This harbour is
reprefented to be one of the fineft in the world, and large
enough to contain the whole navy of England, in
full Kcurity : there is plenty of frcfli water in every
part of it, and geefe, ducks, fnipes, and other edible
birds abound in fuch numbers, that the failors were
tired with eating them. The geefe were generally
knocked down with ftones, fo that it was no unufual
thing to bring ofl° 60 or 70 of thefe birds, without the
neccmty of fhooting a fingle one ; feals and penguins
abound here ; ka lions of a prodigious fize were found
Q,q on

«46

THE VOYAGE O K

1 165 oiiiheioaft: and there are plfnty of mulclcs, clarns,
— y—- ail J liinptts. The woods produce forrcl and wild
celery in great abundance.

Thi' lommodorc was once iinrriiefledly attacked
by a fi-.i-lion, and cxtrirnntl hinill-lf from the impind-
in^; danucr with (rreat difficulty. They had many bat-
tles with this animal, the killinR of one of which was
frequently an hour's work for fix men i one of them
almofl tore to pieces Mr. Byron's mailifF do^, by
a finjle bite. The matter having been fent to iound
the coaft, four very fierce animals ran after the
bo.it"s crew, till they were up to their bellies in
water, fo that they were obliged to put oft' from the
fliore, as they had no fire-arms in the boat. 'I'he
iieM day, on the oiipofitc ihore, Mr. Byron and his
company faw a fea-Iion of an enormous fize, and the
crew, being well armed, inftantly engaged him.
While thev were thus employed, one of the other ani-
mals polKil towards them, but a ball being lodged in
bi>hodv, he was inlhntly difpatcheil. Five of thefe
beads were killed this day, in their attempts to fcige
the men, whom they always purCued the moment Ihey
i;ot fight of them. ' 'Ihey were of a mixed ihape, be-
tween a wolf ami a fox, moll like the latter, but of
the ii7.c of the former : they burrowed in the gnnind
like a fox, feedinir on feals and penguins, and .ire
very numerous on the coaft. The tailors, in order to
be fid of fucli difagreeabb companions, fet fire to the
graf>, which burnt"" fo rapiilly, that the country was
all in a blaze for fonic days, and thcic animals were
U\ii running tofcik (hi Iter from its fury.

W'liilethev lay in this harbour the crew breakfadcd
on portable iuupand wild celery, thickened with Oat-
meal, which made a vere mitiitivc mefs. The foil
of the land was a lii;ht rl.iv, under a black mould.
The commodore thoUj^ht this was tlie f.imc place which,
in Copley's vovnje, is called Pepy's IHand ; but he
took poflelfion of the harbour, and all tlic adiacent
iflands, bv rlic name of F,tUi'ind'i IJlavis, for George
the Illd. 'King of (Jreat Britain. To ♦he honour
of the furgeon of tlie Tamar frigate, during his
ft.'.v there, he made a fence of turf near the watering
placc; round a trait of lanil, which he planted with
vegetables, for the ufc of thofe who might hereafter
touch at this port.

On Sundav, Jiilv the 27th, they left Port Eumnnt,
and the fame day tliey law a remarkable head-land,
which was named CnfteT^Jwar; foon after which they
pafTed a rock, which Mr. Byron called the Eddljlonr,
and then failed between that .ind a head-land, to which
he gave the n.'.me of Cape Dslthin. Tlic diftance from
Cape Tamar to C:tpc Dolphin, is about eight
leagues, and, from its appearance, was called Car-
lijli S':iin(l, though it is finte known to be the northern
intrancc of the ftreight between the two principal
i (lands. The land feen during thisd.iy was all downs,
having neither trcs nor bulhcs, but large tufts of
gr.ifs in various places.

Having anchored during the night, they failed again
the next dav, when the commodore gave the name of
H.fii/ry' s Siutid to a deep found between the illands.
About four miles to the i'outhwrard of the fouth point
of this fiiuiid the fta breaks very high, on fomc rocks
that appear above water. Thccoa^^ now v^'ore a dan-
gerous al'peif, rocks and breakers being .at a confidc-
rablc diftance from the fhore, and in all directions j
and the country appeared barren and dcfolate. The
fea rifing high, the commodore failed to the north-
wan', to prevent bei'ig driven on the Ice fhore. He
inaglned the whole circumference of Falkland's IHands j
to be little Icfs than yco miles.

At eight in the evening they ftood fo the weftward,,
and held their courfe till the 6th of February, when,
thrv f.w, and ftood in for. Port Defirc, at the mouth
of V. liicli they came to an anchor, and had the plea-
fure <'i' feeing the Florida, a ftorc-fliip which they
type. led from F.ngland. On Thurfday the maftcrof
the flore-lhip went on'board the Dolphin, and in-
formed the comir.odore of the extreme had condition
of his fhip, on which it was rcfolveil to attempt
■ ' 7

unloadint; her in the harbour, thoiigli a place vefy ill
calculated for the purpel«. They theielore enleiwl
the lurbour, but theniglit proving very tempcltiiouv^
the Tamar and the Florida both made fignals of dif-
trefs, having liecn driven from their moorings up
the harbour. On this and the following night tbey
were both near driving on fltore; and m ih«
fhire-fltip was in conttani danger of being loft, Mr,
Byron fent hands on board to'affift in repairing hert
and refolvedtotakeher into the Streights of Mng'hellaii
before he unloaded her. In this haibuur the rudder of
the Dolphin was likewife repaired, there beinj; M
timber proper for making her a new one, '

On the 13th, the Florida put to fea, with orders ♦»
ftcer direiHy for Port Famine i and the next day
file wa* followed by the Dolphin and I'amtr. 'l'h«
three Ftdlow ing days they faw a ftrange vefl'el foUbwinf
them, which fhaped her courfe^ and failed faft or
flow, exadly as they did> a circumKancc that cauled
much f|>eculation. The conimo<'ore being obliged to
wait lor the Florida, which was far a-flern, imagined
the ftranin'r would f|>eak with him, and therefore fnadt
the neceflarydifpofition toglve heraprot)er reception*
When became to an anchor the ftrangerdid the famet
four miles to windward of him ) but in tltc mottling
Ihewasfeen three leagues to the leeward. She noV»
got under way, and approached the Dolphin ! oH
which the commodore got out eight guns, which wet*
nil that could K- come at to one fide of the ftip, tt%
fhe lay at anchor. Neither party hoidexl any colours (
but about this time the (Vore-fliip running a-eroun4>
the III ange vefl'el hoifted F'rench colours, and fent two
boats with an anchor, to aflift her. The commodore
now fent a boat from each of his fliips to the atfiilance
of the F'lorida with [xifitivc orders not to let the
French boats board her, but to acknowledge, in »
proper mnjiiier, the ofi'cr of aflillance. Theli; order*
were obeyed, and the ftore-fhip was got oft.

'J'hev weighed anchor at fix in the evening, and
anchoritl again at eleven: at which time the French
vefle'l did the fame, but in ii fituation that (licwcd \vX
ignorance <if the channel they were in.

On the 19th they again failed ; and as the Frencll
veflll ffeered alttr them, Mr. Byron thought they
came from Falkland's Illandst where there was then *
French fcttlement, to take in wo<id, or that they wcr«
on afur\T;y of the Streights of Maghellan, in which
they were now failing. On the aotli they reached
Port Famine, when the Dolphin and Tamar having
taken as much provifion oirt of the fJorc-ftiip as thnr
could find room for, the maffer received orders to fail
for Kngland as foon as poflible j it being determined to
navlg;ite the other (hips through the ftreight.

On the 28th they pafled the Fiench (hip, which
WHS in a fmall cove, and near her a large quantityof
wotid ) which the commodore had no doubt was in-
tended for their new fettlemcnt. On Mr. Byroti's re-
turn to England this appeared to be the fa£t ; and that
the (hip was commanded by Monf. Bougainville, and
called the Eagle.

That part of the account of their palTage throtigh
the Steights of Maghellan, which confiffs chiefly of the
names of places, and dcfcriptions of foundings, beat^
ings and di(Janccs, we have purpofely omitted, but havse
preferve<l all that can contribute to the entertainment
or improvement of the reader.

The mountains on both fides of the ftreight .ireoo-
vered with (now from top to bottom, arc ftecp and
craggy, and of a molt delbtate ap]x;arance. On the
firfi of March two or three canoes of Indians followed
the fhip, one of which went on board. This canoe
was of bark, and wretchedly made : it ^intainrd
fome men, women, and a boy, who had a 'bow and
arrows, which they exchanged for beads and other
tiinkcts, the bow-ftring was made of the gut of
Ionic heart dried, and the arrows were formed of a
reed, pointed with a green (l-one. The(e pco|)Jc bad
no other garment than a feal-(kin thrown over their
(boulders, and they made on t<ie Whole, a moft wretched
appearance. When the (hip came to an anchor, fcve-

*»a::<^8

COMMODORE DYttON.

'4;

m1 of tlie fndiahi went on board, and gladly accepted
fomc ribbands, beads, and othrr trilling matters, with
which the commodore prcfcntcd them. I'licic [ti.'»-

£lc fiiblift chiefly nn muiclcs and hclries, fume of tit*
ittcr of which tliey gave Mr. Byron, whea ha re-
turned their vifit on ihorc.

Having cfcaptd the dreadful cffedi of a f^orm on
the 3d of March, boats wtrc repeatedly font out till
the 6th, in fearch of a proper place to anchor in ;
and at Icnuth the Dolphin was nwxtrtd in a liulo bay
oppofitc Cape Quod ) and the Tamar, whicU could
not work up fo far, abinit fix milc»to the cattward
•f it. This part of the ftrright being only four
wiles over, its appearance is drcaty and defoLite be-
yond imagination, owing to the pnxliginus mountains
oneachfideof it, which rife above tlic clouds, and
«rc covered with perpetual Ihow. On the 8th they
met with a large number of Ihcll fifh } and on this
day the commodore went np a deep lagune under a
fock, at the head of which was a fine fall of water,
and on the eaft iido of it were fevcral fmall coves, cal-
culated for the fecure reception of fhipaof thegreatclt
burden.

On the latli an officer was fent in b boat, In fc.ircli
of an harbour ; and in two days he returned with an
account that there were five bays between tlic (hip and
Cape Upright, in any one of which they might inchor
lecurely. While this officer was abfent, he met with
fome Indians, who made him a prcfcnt of a dop, and
one of the women having a fucking child, oftercdto
give it him. At this time winter commenced with all
Its fcvcrity, and the hills were foon covered with fnow.
The cold became fo intenfe, that the feamen, whole
clothes were continually wet, fuffcred fevercly : to
fortify them ngainft this inclemency of weather, tli
commodore gave a warm jacket of the woollen ilutt",
called fear-nought, to the crews of both fhips, officers
included.

On the i6th, perceiving they loft (ground on every
tack, they came to an anohor j but finding tho ground
to be rocky, they weighed again, and every man on
board was on deck the reif of the «lay, and the whole
night, during which time the rain poured down on
them in unremitting torrents. Notwithfti\nding tlii
inccliant labour, thcv found, in the morning, that
they had becnonly lofing way, owing to the rapidity
of the current. Thcv were now glad to anchor in
the very bay th«y had left two days before. As it con
tinued to rain and blow violently fur ten days longer,
the commodore fent a boat to Ibuiul the bay on the north
Ihorc i but no anchornge could be found. On the
aoth, rhc vellcl was driven from her moorings ; but by
heaving up the bower anchor, and carrying out ano-
ther they foon altered her to her fituation : After
labouring all day on the aift, they had gained only
two miles on the current, when they came to an an-
chor, but the fea running high, they failed the day
following ; and the current now running to the weft
ward, they made great way, and in the evening, an-
chored in a commodious b-iy, where theTamarhad
arrived before them. It was remarkable that notwith-
Handing thcJateil'Vcrlty of the weather, added to their in-
cefl'ant labour, the crew retained both health and fpirits
On the 23cl they again fet fail, and in a few hours
bad fight of the South fea, which rolled a prodigious
fwcll on them. On the 25th two boats which had
been fent in fearch of anchoring places, returned with
an account that they had found two, but neither of
them very eligible! they, however, made fail the
next morning, and at four in the afternoon found
themfclves within a mile of the fouth fhore, which
the thickncfs of the weather prevented their feeing
fooner ; but as there was no place to anchor in, they
flood for the oppofitu fliore. Between fix and litvcn
the Tainar was ordered under the ftcrn of the Dol-
phin, and then direited to keep a-hcad of her during
the night to Ihew lights, and as often as (he varied her
tnck to fire a gun. At fcvcn in the evening the wea
ther cleared for a minute, fo that they had (tght of the
north-fliore, bearing weft by north', on which thev

inftantly tacked about. The wind now blew a pcr«
fciX hurricane | the rain d< li mikd in torrents, aiul
fome of the lails were t'lii in pieces. Uiirin;tl\is
tempcftuous night, in which ilrj Icn wu« coutiriually
bricking over thcnii the (hips parted company, and
were encompadild with rocks and breakers over them,
however, they happily weathered the llurm, and at
(even in the morning both (hips came to an anchor.
They h.id now been ^wicc within four Icanucs of
TuglUay's Bay, at the weftern.nioutli of the llreight,
ond tWLce driven ten or twelve leagues back again by
(torms ; fo dangerous in the navigatiort of ibis ftreijilil
at an ini]ir()pcr Isiifon of the year. On the iStli ilie
Tainar nairowlv efcapod being dallied to pieces againli
the I'ocks, bv the pMrtirp ot tlic cable of lier be(l
bower anchor. The Dulphin weighed anchor the
next morning, and got under fail, which (he had no
fooner done tlian fignals of diftrcfs were mode on board
the Taniar, the anchor of which could not be pur-
chafed. 'I'lic Dolphin, thrrefurc ftucd apfain inlo tiic
bay, and fent her alfiflance, after which tlicy hi'itb
anchored for the night ; a night tiic mofi dreadful they
had ever yet known. The winds were lu violent as
to raili: up ihe fea, and carry it higher than the heads
of the malls ! a dreadful lea rolled over them and
broke againll the (hore ; with a noili; as loud as tluni-
der. Happily they did not part their cables, or tlicy
mull have liecndalhed in pieces againll the rocks. On
the following day, April the hrft, it was a I moll 11
perfc(if calm } but in the evening it rained much, aiut
the wind bleiv violently ; they therefore remained in
their ft.-ition till the 4th, when the cutter, which had
been fent li.lcarch of apio|jeranchoring-placc, returned
with an account of havimj found one to the well ward of
the north (hora, 'I'he otficei who commanded the cutr
t<!f had met with a party of Indians, whole tance was
of a conftruiftion not before oblirved, being ronipoied
of planks fewed together. Thefe Indians had no
covering but a piece of feal-lkin thrown ever their
(houldcrs. Their food, which was of the moil in-
delicate kind, was eaten raw : One of them tore a
piece of ftinking whale's blubber with his teeth, and
then gave it his companions, who followed his exam-
ple. One of tliefc Indians obferving a failor adccp,
cut of a part of his jacket with a (harp flint.

The(hipscomingtoan anchor in the bay which Iiad
been difcovercd, propofing to take in wood and water ;
while they remained here, fevcral of the natives made
a fire oppofite the (hip in which fignals were made for
them to come on board ; but they would not. The
commodore went on (hore and pave them (bmc trifles
that pleafcd them highly : he fikcwifu divided fome
bifcuit amongft them, and was furprifed to remark,
that if a bit of it fell to the ground not one of them
would (hwp to pick it up without his pcrmiflion.
Some of the failors being at this time cutting grafs
for a few (lieep which the commodore had on board,
the Indians inftantly ran to their affiftance, and tear-
ing up the grafs in large quantities, foon filled the
boat. On Mr. Byron's return, they followed in their
canoe till they came near the (hip, at which they gazed
with the mofi profound aftoniftiment. Four of them
were at length prevailed on to go on board ; and the
commodore, with a view to their divernon, dircdled
one of the midfhipmen to play on the violin, while
fome of the feamen danced. The poor Indians were
extravagantly delighted ; and one of them, to tcftify
his gratitude, took his canoe, and fetching fome red
paint, rubbed it all over the face of the mufician, nor
could the commodore, but with the utmoft difficulty,
efcape the like compliment. When they had been
diverted for fome hours, it was hinted to them, that
they (hould go on (hore, which they at length did,
though with evident rcludtance.

On the 7th the commodore failed from the bay, and
on the 8th again encountered very bad weather, as it
rained and fnowed, while the wind blew a hurricane.
On the t)th they ppfTcd fome dangerous rocks, which
Narborough called the Judges, and on which the
furf beat', with prodigious violence. This day, con-
trary

'7f'5

.-:..^;^'«S5»^

149

THE VOYAGE OF

1765

I' I

1 I

trary tn cxpeAati«n, tfteady gile at fouih-weft, nr-
ricd them at the rate of nine miles an hour, To that by
eight in the evening they were 20 leagues from Che
cuall on which they encountered (o many perils.

[Mr. Byron recommends it to future navigatorst to
be at the ealtcrn entrance of the ftreight of Maghellan
in December, in which cafe he thinlcs even a fleet of
fhips might navigate it fafely in three weeks. Heob-
fcrves that the facility with which wood and water are to
bcobtained,thevallplentyofvegetablesonthecoaft,and
the abundance of fiAi which may be almoft every where
procured arc advantacet highly in favour of this paf-
fage. It is remarkable, that in feven weeks and two
days, the time they were in paffing it, not a fingle nun
was fick of the fcurvy, or of any other diforders. J

On the 26th they failed weltward bearing away for
the ifland of Mafafucro, which they were within feven
leagues of the lame evening. The next day they bore
away for the north of the ifland, and then lay oy for
the boats, which had been fent to found the caftern
fide, but could not land on account of the violence
of the furf. The boat returning, brought a number
of fine filb, caught with the hook and line i and the
officer reporting, that he had found a bank where they
might anchor, oppofite to which was a plenty of frciti
water, they madu fail for it, on which they landed at
feven on Sunday morning. I'he boats weru now
fent out for wood and water, their crews haviiie put
en cork jackets, to alKft them In fwimming andpre-
vcnt their being bruifed againft the rocks. In tliefe
feas, were a great number of very large (harks, which
were frequently very near the fwimmcrs, but they
providentially efcapcd them. One of thefe voracious
iifh feized a large feal clofc to one of the watering boatii,
and devoured it in an inftant, and the commodore
faw another do the fame, clofe to the ftern of the (hip.
The id.ind abounds in goats, many of which were
killed and fent on board, and they were deemed equal in
flavour to the fineft venifon. One of thefe goats had
hi^ right ear flit, fu as to make it evident that fome
perfuii had caught him, given him that mark of dif-
tin<^tion, and let him go again. Various forts of ex-
cellent lifli were now fo plentiful that they could
catsh fufliclcnl to fupply the whole crew two days,
in a few hours, with a hook and line only.

The gunner and one of the feamen, who were with
others, on (here for water, were left behind all night,
being afraid to venture in the boat, as the fea ran high.
The commodore being informed of this circumftancc,
fent them word, that as blowing we.ither mig'>t be
cxpcded, the (hip might be driven from hcrmoorint;8,
in the night, in which cafe they would infallibly
be left behind. This mclFage being delivered, the
gunner fwam to the boat ; but the lailor faying, he
had rather die a natural death than be drowned, re-
fu<l'd to make the attempt, and taking a melan-
choly farcwcl of his companions, refolved to abide
his fate i when, jud as the boat was going to put
off, a mid(hipnian ^ook the end of a rope in his
hand, and fwam on (hore, where he remonftrated
with ilic pour tar on the foolilhrcfolution he had taken,
till having an opportunity of throwing the rope in
which was a running knot round his body, he called
to the boat's crew, who inftantly dragged their com-
panion on hoard ; but he had fwallowed fu much
water that he a|5peared to be dead. They recovered
him, however, by holding up his heels, and on the
day following he was perfeiSlly well. The commc-
durc now made a promotion among the officers, he ap-
pointed Captain Mouat, commander of the Dolphin,
under him, making Mr. Gumming, ihe firft lieu-
tenant of the Tamar, and advancing fome otiier in-
ferior officers.

They failed on the 30th of April, (leering in vari-
ous directions till the loth of May, on which, and
the day following, they faw fcvcral dolphins and bo-
nctus round the Oiip, and obfervcd a few birds which
had a (I1U1 c beak ; all (heir bodies being white, except
the back aod upper part of the wings. They faw
likevvife fevcral grampufes the next day, and more

of the birds joft mentioned ; from whenae they con-
cluded, that they were approaching the land.

Two remarkable birds, ms large as geife, with
white bodies and black legs, and which flew very
'ligh, were obferved on the 16th, which confirmed
them in their conJeAure, that thoy had palfeJ fome
main land, or iflands. On the ltd they faw fcveral
tropical birds, and caught two boncuas 1 and on the
26th two large birds, the beak and neck of which wen;
white, and all the re(t was black : there flew about the
(hip on the 28th two other birds, one black and while
and the other brown and while, and would have fettled
on the yards, but they were intimidated \>y the working
of the (hip. For feveral days after they (aw a great
number of birds, and on the 7th of June difcovered
land.

After this they (leered for a fmall ifland, the ap<
pearancc of which was remarkably pleafant. It waa
furrounded by a beach of white fand, and crowned
with lofty trees, whofe (hade was far extended, and
formed mud beautiful proves, unincumbered with
underwood, adorned with a mott dciigbcful vcr-
dure.

It was not long before fome of the natives made their
appearance, armed with long fpears. I'hefe kindled
large (ires, which were anlwered by other fires that
were made on a neighbouring iflana. At this time
a boat being fent to look out for an anchoring
place, returiwd without fuccefs. It was mortify'
ing in the mean time for the failors (fuch of them
as were not confined to their hammocks by the fcur-
vy) to view from the decks thofe delicacies which it
was out of their power to reach. Among the reft, thcv
faw cocoa-nuts, tempting them in vain, whole milk
is reckoned of fovereign ufc in fcorbutic ca(es } and,
beheld the (hells of turtles (Irewed along the fl'.ore.
All this while the natives keeping a-breaft of the
(hip, danced, (houted, and 'Vook their fpears, after
which they fell backwards as if they wete dead, which
was interpreted into a threat of deftruiftion to fuch aa
(hould venture to land up^)n their coafts. Theic fa-
vagcs alfo fixed two fpcarr in the fand, at the top of
which fome things were fecn waving in the air, be-
fore which they knciled, and appeared to be in
prayer to their idols, poffibly with the idea of thereb)(
averting the dreaded iiivafion. In the mean time, the
commodore thought proper to fail round the ifland,
and again fent out boats to found. On this, the na-
tives raifed a terrible outcry, pointing to their fpear*
and poifing large (tones in their hands. In return for
all this the failors made all poffible figns of firiend-
(hip, throwing bread and other things on (hore, none
of which the natives chofe to take, but retreated to
the woodi, dragging their canoes with them. They
afterwards ran into the water, with an apparent in-
tention of hauling the boats on (hore, on which the
failors, irritated by their behaviour, would have fired
on them, but that they were hindered by their ofll-
cer. The crews of the boats having once more re-
ported, that they could find no landing place, the
commodore proceeded to the other ifland and brought
to at the diftance of a quarter of a league from the
(hore, the next morning.

They now faw feveral other iflands coveird with
cocoa-trees, and there again the natives ran to Ihc
beach, armed with clubs and fpears, ufing threaten-
ing gcflures. The commodore fired a cannon (hot
over their heads, on which they returned to the woods.
The boats having been again j<:nt out, returned with
an account, that no landing place Could be found, on
which Mr. Byron named this paradife in appearance,
the Ifland of IJifappointment. I'he natives were (hort, man.) nf Dif-
and well made, very quick runners, and tlieir com- appoiumcni.
plexion that of the deep copper. Havinz failed on
the 8th of June, they difcovered an iflanaon the fol-
lowing day which laid low, and were covered with va-
rious kinds of trees, among which was the cocoa nut.
the ifland was furrounded with a rock of red coral.
The inhabitants on the coaft, having made large firea
(as wasfuppofed to alarm the more inland natives) tiuy

ran

^.J.

COMMODORE BYRON.

M»

ran along the Oiore in multitudes, armed like thofc
of the Ifland of Difappoiiitment. I'he veflcU now
brought to, at a fmall inlet, opening 'nto a lake of
fait water, which appeared more than tw« leaeuei
wide. There was a little town, under the ftadc of
a grove of coroa-nut trees. I'he (hips advancing; to
the mouth of the inlet, fome hundrcdt of the natives,
headed by a kind of an officer, who carried a pole,
on which wai faOencd a piece of mat, ranged them-
fclvcs, up to their waiftt in water, making a hideout
noifc, till they were joined by a number of large ca-
noes, which came down the lake, Two boats were
now out in fcarch of foundini^s, and the crews of them
making every poflible fign ot fricndihip, fome of the
ranocs drew towards them, not with a [lenceable inten-
tion, but with A view to Iiaul the boats on (hore; feveral
of the nntivts, leaping from the rocks, fwam towards
the Kngjifh and one of them fprang into the Tamar's
borif, fiutched up a fcamaii's jacket, and inftantly
dived from the boat to the fliorc, another of them laid
violent hands on a hat, but loft his nriiie through his
ignorance, as he pulled it downwards, inftead of lift-
ing it from the hi;ad of the wearer. They now failed
wcftward, and foon dilcovered another illand, diftant
four leagues. I'hc natives purfued them in two large
double canoes, in each of which were about 30 armed
men. The boats were a confiderable way to leeward
of the fliips, and were chaced by the canoes •, on
vrhich the commodore making a fignal, the boats
turned towards the Indians, who inftantly pulled
down tlicii- tails, and rowed, away with great ra-
pidity i driving through tlie violent furf on the ihorc,
and were followed by the boats, when, being appre-
henfiveofan invafion of the country, thcyarmcd them-
fclves with ftoiics and clubs ; on which, the boat's
crewfircd.andkillcdtwoorthreeofthem, oneof whom
died as he v/as throwing a ftone at the Englilh after
three balls had gone through his body. This fellow
dropping clofe to the boat, his body was brought to
the mip ; but the Iiidi.ms carried off the reft of their
companions. The boats carried the two canoes with
them, as the trophies of their viftory, Thefe veflcls
confilhd of pinnks fcwrd together, with a ftrip of
tortoifc-lhell fixed over each fcam ; they h-id rtiarp
bottoms, and were very narrow, and two of them
were fattened along fide each other by two timbers,
which U'ft a fpacc of full fix feet between the canoes,
and h:'.d a fail, made of matting, paflcd from one veflel
to the other, being fixed to a niaft which was hoifted
in each of them. W hen they lUiled, feveral men fate on
the timbers which lay from' boat to boar, their cord-
age appeared to be formed of the outward covering of
the cocoa-nut, and wasexquifitely well made.

As no rcfreflimeiits coulJ be obtained, owing to the
violence of the furf, the commodore returned to his
former ftation at the inlet, and again fent the boats
infearchofan anchoring place. A number of the
Indians were on the fpot where he had left them, and
wore preparing Ibme large canoes, probably to attack
the boats ; on which a ihot was fired over their heads,
when they inft.mtly ran away and I'ccreted themfelves.
The boats returned in the evening j with a few u.voa-
niits ; and in the morning were fent out again, with
all the invalids, who were able to go on boanl them.
The commodore went on fhore this day, and faw
many Indian huts, which were coveretl with the
brandies of the cocoa-nut tree j they were mean build-
ings, hut finely fituatcd among groves of lofty trees.
The men went naked j but fome women were fecn,
who wore a kind of cloth from the waift to their knees.
The ftiorc abounded with coral and (hells of large
penrl oyfters ; and it f.cmed probable a valuable pearl
fifhcry might be eft.iblilhcd here. There were many
doL;s in the huts, which kept barking continually till
the Englifti went on board.

The next day the feamcii finind, in oneof the huts,
the carved head of a ruddrr ; which had evidently be-
longed to a Dutch long-boat ; they likewife found a
piece of brafs, one of iron, and fiime iron tools ; but
by whom thefe tliiiijs were left, was wholly unknown

Vol. I. N- 14.

irf's

tothem. The bu at-placct of the tiJilives were under
high trees, near their houtes : and their tombs con -
fined of flat ftones laid on perpendicular fidc-fton' s,
like thofc in fome of our church yards. On the
branches which ihaded thefe rcpofitoru's l\ung bafkett
of reeds, containing the head', nnd hones uf turtle
and other filh, and Icvcral boxes filled with human
bones, were found near the graves. The flies on thil
illand were extremely troublcfome, but no venomous
creatures were fi-en. Parrots ami other birds were
very plentiful, and our voyagers faw fome beautiful
doves, fo tame as to follow them into the huti of
the Indians. The water here was good, and the
furface of the ground was alinoft covered with frurvy
grafs. This part of the ifland is fituated in 14.' 29*
fouth lat. and 148" 50' weft long. On Wcdncfday,
June the 12th they failed to another ifland, and a«
they coafted along it, the natives, armed like thofc of
the other iflands, kept even with the fhip for fome
leagues. They frequently plunged into the fea, or
fell into the fund, th.it the furf micht break over them,
to cool and refrcfh themfelves. 'rhe boats l>eing near
the beach, the crew made fignt that they were in
want of water, on which the natives pointed farther
along the fhore, where, when the boats arrived,
they bw a number of ho"f.i., whither they were fol-
lowed by the Indians, many more of whom joined
them at this place. The boats havine got clofe in
fliore, and the (hips lying at a fmall dilTancc, n vene-
rable old man, with a white beard, advanced from
the houfes to the beach, attended by a young fellow.
Having made a fignal for the other Indians to retire,
he came forward to the edge of the water, prefling
his beard to his breaft with one hand, and holding a
branch of a tree in the other. Hcmadeakindof mufical
oration, during Which the people in the boat threw
fome trifling prefcnts, which he would neither take
up, nor permit his attendant to touch, till he had
fini(hed his harangue, when he walked into the water
and throwing the branch to the bbat's crew, he re-
tired, and picked up their prefents. Moft of the na-
tives having complied with a fign made them to lay
down their arms, one of the midfhipmen fwam on
(hore i on which they flocked round him, admiring
his clothes : as his waiftcoat pleafed them moft, he
gave it to them, which he had no fooner done, than
one of them untied his cravat and ran away with it.
He now thought it time to retreat to his boat, whither
feveral of the natives fwam alter him : fome bringing
each a cocoa-nut, and others fre(h water in the Incll.
The boat's crew had taken with them fome (hells of
pearl oyftcrs in order to learn of the natives how to
procure to Tom: pearls ; but they could not poiTibly
make them comprehend their meaning. This ifland
is fituated in 14° 41' fouth Lititudc. and 149" 15'
weft long, and both thefe the commodore called
King Getrgi's IJIandt, in refpeft to his fovereign. In KineGcorse's
a lake belonging to the la'ft ifland, two or three '"*"''*•
very large veflels were feen, one of which had two
malts, with proper cordage. The boats having re-
turned on board, they failed weftward the fame day ;
and the next afternoon defcried another ifland, to-
wards which they immediately fleered, and found that
it was well inhabited, and bad a fine appearance of
verdure ; but a violent fut f broke all along the coaft. .
It lay in 15" fouth lat. and 151° 5 3' weft long, and^y^,',*.,
received the name of the Pr'iKct of lyaln's Ijlmd. i(i«d.

They now failed northward, and from the vaft flocks
of birds they had rcpc.-.tcdly fcen, whit'h always winged
their way to the fouth, on the approach of evening;
and from the iflands being fo well peopled, the com-
modore concluded that there was a chain of them
leading to a continent, the difcovery of which he
would certainly have attempted, but the crews of
both (hips were fo unhealthy, as to render it impofllblc
to fuccccd.

On Monday, June the irth, the voyagers concluded

that land was near, from the multitude of birds which

flocked about the (hip : but thty faw no land till the 2 i(i,

when it was difcovcred at eight leagues diftance, haV-

R r ing

, ija

THE N'OYAGE Of

17^5

*y«

tlifl tlic n|>pc3rance of thrcf iflanJf, with rock»be-
twC' II lliim. They aliouiiJul with iiihabicaiiti, wliule
(jMcllini{« lined th« coall ; and the beauty and fertility
of ihc Idil, fccmcd to i\ccll that uf any plate they
had Iccii : but the rock« and brcakem uitli which it
tvasfiiriounded, was an inlupcrable bar to any attempt
at landing.

Un the night nf the aid all handl were gn deck)
it rain>il hard, iind the wind blew violently, Soun
after nine o'clock the'l'aniar Hrcd again, and the crew
of tlic 0<il|>hin intagiiicd they faw breaker! to leeward,
which however proved to be only the reflexion o( the
feiiini; moon on the rifing furgi .

Oil the 7.4th tlu-y dilcovercd another ifland, which
was naiiuil the iJukt if Vtrk'i IJknJ. A teriible fea
biokc round the coalt, but rhc place iticif had a pleafing
ii|i|)oarancc. The boats landed with fomc didiculty,
an I brought ort'.i ureal quantity of cocoa-nuts, which
furnillieii ureal rJief to the fick. Thoufands of fea
fouls were found filling on their nefts in hijjh trees,
and were fo tanu' as to be calily knocked down, and
tin re were lari;e luiinbers of land cralis on thegrouiu!.
'I'liis illand lias a large lake in the middle of It, but
they found nu inhabitants.

On the 'Jt9th the commodore failed northward, with
a view to crofs the equinoi^iial line, and then itcercd
for the Ladrones. (Jn the zd of July they difcovered
a low flat iiland, abounding with the cocoa-nut, and
other trees, and awarding a molt agreeable profpeiit.
A gri'at number of the natives were L\:i\ on the beach,
many of whom, in above fixty caiUK's, [or prawsj
failed, and formeil a circle lound the ftiip, which
having furveyed for a conl'iderable time, one of the
Indian'! jumped out of his boat, fwam to the veflel, ran
up its tides in a moment, fat down on the deck, and
began laughing moft violently : he then ran about the
fliip, pilfering whatever he could lay his hands on,
all which tilings were taken from him as fail as itolcn.
I'his man having as many antic tricks as a_ monkey,
wasdn-tled in a jacket and trowfers, and aft'ordcd cx-
quifitc diverllon. He devoured fome bifcuits with
treat ca;.n,rnefs, and after having played maiw antics
111 his new drefs, refolvtd at laltto carry it off, which
lie efteited by jumping over the fliip's fide, and fwim
niing to his companions. After this, feveial others
/"warn to the fliip, and getting up to the ^un-room
ports, fhewed their difjiofition to theft by leiaing on
liime petiv pri«c, and tlicii making their way through
the fea, eiifily efcaped with their booty.

Thefe Indians arc defcribed as being of a light cop-

ficr coloured complexion, well made and tall) their
iiir which is long and black, being cither tied in three
knots or hr.nging in a large bunch behind, as fancy
leads the wea' er. They had their cars bored, which
bore the firongell marks of their having woine heavy
ornamenis in tliera, foinc of them being drawn down
ill moft as low as their fhouldcrs. As to their orna-
ments in general, they appeared to be (hells ftrung to-
gether antl worn round the neck, the wrift, and waift:
in other rclpciits they were naked. A ftrinc of hu-
man teeth was the decoration which one of Uc chiefs
chnfe fo.liis vvaift; and fomc of them carried fpears
that for the length of three feet were ftuck with (harks
teeth which were as (harp as any pointed inftrumcnt
of iicel. When fome cocoa-nuts were (hewn them by
the Engli(h, and figns made that more were wanted,
they endeavoured to ftcal what they faw without giv-
ing the ncceflary diredtions. To this place the officers
gave the name of Byron's Ifland, in honour of their
commander. It is laid down in l" 18' of fouth lati-
tude, and 173" 56' of eaft longitude. From hence
they failed on the 3d of July; and on the 21ft the
;rtw were again ill tf the fcurvy, having conlumed
all the cocoa-nuts which niiglit have remedied this dif-
ordcr. The extreme heat of the weather alfo occa-
fiontd fcveial of the crew to be vifited with the flux,
which added to their diftreflcs.

On the 22d the commodore failed for the ifland of
Tiiiian, and, within fix days, the^yfawthe three iflands
ef Saypan, 'linian, and Aiguignan, between two

and three degrees diflant fr.>m rui.li ntKi:. Alidur
n<ion, on the jil), they aiicliiiHd at the Ibiiih-wdt
end of 't'iniin, where Commodore Aiilnii had before
anchuicd with the Cvnlurinn. Though the water
was 144 feet deep here, yet they lound it i.'wlear tlut
the>' could fee the ground at the botioin,

Mr. liyron going on (hore, law many huts uliidi
had been lift there by the Spaniards the ";ar hcluie i
and, having pitched u|ion a proper Iput tvhiieun to
ttctX tents lor the fick, he and Ins conipitiy cent in
fcarcli of tliofe beautiful lawns and me: ds >A v«liich
the reader has had fu luxuriant u dele iption in the
voyage of Commodore Anfuil. In this auempt tliey
worked their way through thick woods, tu. under*
went much difliculty for which they were ill tcw^rded
when they cimc to the place where they exjie-dtcd to
view thile inchanting fccnes. 'I'hey found the lavsus
covered with rccdt, in which their legs, being olun
intanglcd, were cut at with whip-curd. In fume
places thelc reeds grew higher than a man's hi.ad, and
in none lei's than half the height. They were covered
with flies which, when they opened their mouths.

freuiiently got down their throats,
bull, which

Having killi'd

h was all their atchicvement in this fruitleft
xjiedition, they then retired much dillatisHed to tlie
tents, which had been let up while they were ubfent,
and a party was lent afterwards to fetch away their
prize. 1 hu preceding day the invalids had been
brought on (hore, and on the flrft ofAuguft they began
to clear the well, which Mr. Hyron fuppofes to be the
fame where Mr. Anfon's people had watered, but
lie fays the water is bracki(h and full of worms. At
one time while they lay here, (o violent a weA wind
ar<>fe that the veflels were forced to put to fea, for fear
of being driven on the rocks and dafhed to pieces.

They had brought on (hore the armourer s forge to
repair the iron-work of tlie (hips i and the commo-
dore remained In his tent having been violently at-
tacked by the fcurvy. Though the crew in gener.J
recovered from this diforder, yet many fell lick of
fevers, two of whom died, being the (irft they had
loft fincc they had left )'>^^l;'.nd. The rains were
continual and violent, and the heat cxccflivc. I'hef
were conftantly tormented with infei5ls ;* flies bjr
day, and niiifliittos by night, were their conftanu
troublefomc companions. Scorpions, the reptile called
Centipieds and black ants were alfo found here in a-
bundance. Some of the crew were fent out to kill cat-
tle. When they h.id bcenabfent two days and nights
killing a bullock, they had near eight miles to drajr it
to the beach, «nd when it arrived it was gener;niy
fly-blown and (luiik. In the mean time this toil con-
tributed to add to the number of tbofe afflidied with
fevers, and fo continued to heighten the inconve-
niences they fu(rere(l in this part of the world. The
wild hogs furnilhed their chief fupply of fre(h pri^
vifions ; they killed fome of thefe that weighed near
200 pounds. Their grcatcft convenience arofe (rom
a method found out oy a negro for cnfnariiig thefo
creatures, by which means they had frc(h meat in the
veflels as well as on (bore, a number of them being
fent on board .nlivc. As to poultry, the (hip's cnx\r-
pany could kill a fufliciency of them, but, in leCs ihan
anliour after they had killed them, their flefh turned
green, and fwarmcd with maggots : However, .it
length finding a fpot where there was plenty of cattle,
an<r contriving to b;Jcc bread every day lor the &ck,
they got a tolerable fupplyjof provifions to relievciheni.

The ifland of Saypan is defcribeJ as larger and more iflanJar Say»
pleafant than that of Tinian. It is generally cm ered i«».
withtrees^'and abounds with the animals called Gua-
nicoes. There was reafon to believe that the Spani-
ards carried on a pearl filhery there at certain periods -,
large heaps of the pearl oyfter (hells were feen, as well
as other marks of fome Europeans having lately been
in thofe parts.

* It it rclsied cIih ihe tlitrmomeicr generally flood at ]t be-
iiR only f Jcgtcci lets thu the lic«t «l tlic L>lu«d at the human
iieait.

TlK

CAPTAIN W A L L I s.

».U

The fiek being tolerably well rccoveiwl, tlic com
mcxiorc weiuhcd anclinr Hiid r.iilcd froin Tiiiiun on
the 30tli of ^••ptcnlbcr, Orerinu tnthenorlhwiird. On
theitithol' thi. next inunlh Icvcral land birdi thai
fecmed niucli fatigued flew near the vellcl, and one of
them reftcd on the bowi, abijut a« large as a goofe, il»
beak, whii'h wa« of an extraordinary lingtli and thlck-
nefi, wat black, as alfo were iti Icgn i the other parts
of the b'jdy were white.
TimotDt They came to an anchor off the ifland of Timoan,

on the jfh of November, where Mr. Byron laiultd the
next day. The inhahit*nts proved to be Malays,
many ot whom when they faw the boat approaching
the ihore, c^uic down to the beach, having c.ich u
fpcar in one hand and a long knife in the otncr, and
a d.igger by his fide. However, the boat's crew landed
and exch.iriged a few handkerchiefs for a doxen of
fowls a kid and a Roat. 'I'licfc Malays were well
made but fmall of ftaturc, and of a copper complex-
ion. On their heads they wore turbans, and had
pieces of cloth faftened witn Tilver clafpt round their
waiils ) only one old man among them wai habited
nearly in the njanner of the Perfians. Aj to their
houfcs they are built accordins to the cuftom which
wc have already noticed on poftt about eight feet from
theground, arecompofed of flit bamboo and very neatly
contrive<l. The cocoa-nut and cabbage trees arc to
be found here in abundance, and there arc alfo fome
free grounds upon the illand. An animal was brough
on board alive, while the fhips lay here at anchor
that had legs like thofc of a deer, with a body like
a hare, which proved to be very fine eating. The
crews catched large quantities of^ fifh ii\ the harbour,
from whence they failed on the 7th of the month. Mr.
Byron having anchored in the narbour of Pulo Tou-
poa, nothing happened worth notice till the 14th,
when he faw a floop at anchor in the fame harbour,
The vefTel hoiftcd Dutch colours, and he fent an of-
ficer on board her, who was received with great po-
litencfs, tea being immediately ordered for him and
his attendants, but he could not make them undcrfland
him, the crew confifting entirely of Malays. This
vcirel, was made of flit bamboo, which had on each
quarter a piece of timber that fcrvcd to (leer her
inOead of a rudder.

The commodore failed the following d.iy, and held
his courfe till the igth when he fpoke with an Englifh
fnow, bound from Beneoolcn to Malacca and Ben-
gal, in the Eaft-India Company's fervicc. At this
time their hifcuit was filled with worms and rotten,
and their beef and pork were ftinking. The mafler of
the fnow being apprifcd of this circumftancc, fent
Mr. Byron two gallons of arrack, a turtle, twelve
fowN, and a (hcep, which is fuppofed to h.ive been
half his (lock, and for which he refufed to accept the
llighteft return. They dropped their anchor this day
in the rond of Sum.ttra ; and on the 27th came to an
anchor in that of Batavia. Having anchored nearer
the town on the following day, they fired eleven guns,
which were returned ; and an Englifh (hip from Bom-
bay fired thirteen guns in honour of the commodore.
Tfie Dutch commodore fent his boat on board the
Dolphin, under the command of his cockfwain, who
made but a Ihabby appearance } he put fevcral queflions

to Mr. UyriPM rilpi i;!!!^ 1 i> \fiy(if,r uiid dilliiKiiiOf,
and tiiok a bunk Ihhii his ,H)tkit t" Wiite iIovmi 1i'>
.ilifweis, which Ml. liyroii (HifiilLriiu; .in .mi ilulij;
nity, ilefued him inllantly tu icave ihi' liiip, and lliu<>
iiickd his vilit.

Mr. Bvron vifiting the Dutch commnjorc at hi-
country hoiifc was received with (',uut p'.llit^•n^•^^, aii<l
toUl that he mi^ht t.ikc a hoii^' in any p irt ol tl'i- city,
or be loilj;ed at the hotel. Any inhabit.iiif of Bafav ;i
pvrniitliii,'. .1 (liMiiwr to (lecp, tlii)ii;.',li liiii foi a fiiig. •
night ill Ins houle, incurs a P'li lit/ "t 500 dnlLiis,
the hotil being the only licenfed lud;.;ing hoiid-, tin:
fjovernor appoints the keeper of it, wlio at this time
was a Frenchman. This hotel is the moll fii|Ril)
building in the i y, having nioivof tlic .111 of.i iiaiai."
than an inn. All the llreetsofUafavi.i which aic well
difpofcd, have can.ils riiiiniiig throur^li them, andrc-
femblc the cities of Holland.

The inhabitants are a motley licr.l of Dutch, Portu-
ffucfe, C'hiiiefe, I'erfiaiis, Mooi>-, Malays, Jaianele,
Jvc. and their numbers are aina/.iiigly guat, the
Chinefc live in a kind of fvparatc towns, without the
city w.iIIh, and dial very largelv, having annually ten
or twelve vcllels laden from Cliina. The road,<, for
fevcral miles round the city, are very wiile, and have n
can.nl, (liaded with trees, running by them i which i«
broad enough for the navigators of la ;e vcflcls.
Adjoining to this canal arc the country ' .iiifes nj
gardens of Jhe citizens. The (hips rem., i.d in t.iis
harbour till the loth of December, when t ley faili !,
being faluted with eleven guns from the fort, anil
thirteen by the Dutch commotlore, during their r,i,
from hence to Prince's Illand, in the (Ireijjht of Sunda,
they were (o abundantly fupplied with tuitle, . y boat*
from Java (hore, that the common failors fubliftcd
wholly on that fi(h.

At Prince's Idand they (laid till the tgth, wheti
they failed for the cape of'^Good Hope. On the loth
of February, they faw a great (hioke arlfing from a
fandy be.-ich, which they fuppofed to have been made
by the Hottentots. On the 13th they came to anchor,
and the next morning the governor lent his coach and
fix for the commodore, and received him with great
politcnefs, offering him the .iccommodations ot the
company's houfe in the garden, and the ulc of his
coach. The cape is a fine country, fituated in a
healthy climate, and abounding with various kinds of
refrefliments. In a paddock, adjoining the Compa*
ny's garden, which is extremely elegant, odrichcs,
and other curious birds and animals arc con-
(lantly kept. The commodore frequently gave his
men permiflion to g:o on (hore, and they as condantly
returned intoxicated with the Cape wine. They failed
on the jth of March, and on the 25th crofted the
equinoflial line.

At this time an accident happening to the rud-
der of the Tamar, and it being impolTible to make a
perfe£l repair of it at Tea, the captain was ordered to
bear for Antigua, in confequcnc. ' 'hich, they
parted company on the fird of April . •' 'lo Dolphin,
without meeting with any other m?.;ei;..i occurrence,
came to an anchor in the Downs, on the 9th of May,
1766, after having circumnavigated the globe in about
22 months.

■I.',

The

THE VOYAGE OF CAPTAIN WALLIS,
ROUND THE WORLD.

THE command of hisMajefty's (hip the Dolphin,
being given to Samuel Wallis, Efq; which
vcHcl was dellined for a voyage round the world, he
fell down the river on the 26th of July, and on the
l6th of Aiigud came to an anchor off Plymouth found.
Three days afterwards he received failing orders, with
dircAions to take alfo the Prince Frederic and the

Swallow under his command. On the aid, the
veffels failed, and on the 7th of September came to
an anchor in the road of Madeira.

They failed from thence on the i2tli, after having
taken in beef, wine, and onions, as fea (lores. On
the'i6th as they were failing off the Ifland of Palma,
at the rate of eight niilc« an hour, the wind fuddenly

died

4^^

inWi^^

151

THE VOYAGE OF

766 (lied away, fo that the vcflcl lay quite ftill. On the
V— — ' 20th they catclicd feveral boncttas, out of a great
number which furrounded the (hip; and thisdayihey
f.uv fome herons flying to the eaftward. The fwallow,
which was a bad tailor, parted from the other vcflels,
in the night between the 21ft and 22d ; but (he joined
company again on the 24th at the diftance of about
fiN leagues from the ifle of May. On the fame day
three veflcK came to an anchor at Port Praya, in that
ifland. The next morning they got leave from the
commanding ofiicer at the fort to cet water and other
neccli'arics. As this was the fickly feafon, and the
fmall-pox ' .as very fatal in thofe parts, every man
who had not had th?t diftemper was detained on board
by the captain. Great quantities of fifli were cauglit
here, aivl fume wild purflain was found, which proved
very refrclhing.

Having procured cattle and water, they failed from
hence on the 28th, and in the night faw the burning
mountain of Terra del Fucgo. Captain Wallis now
ordered every man to be furnifhcd with a hook and
line, in order that he might fupply himfelf with iifli,
and likewifc to prevent infc<Stion, he ordered that no
fifh fhould be kept above 24 hours. The butter and
checfe being all expended, they began to fcrve the
crew on the 20th with oil, and orders were given for
the remainder of the voyage, that once a fortnight
they (hnuld be fervcd with niullard and vinegar. On
the 22tl they judged that they were not at a great dif-
tance from land, from the fight of a great number of
birds. Two days after this, orders were given for ferv-
ing the men with brandy and the wine was referred
for fuch as were fick among tliem.

The Prince Frederic fprang a leak on the 27th, and
at the fame time her crew were (o fickly, through the
fatigue of pumping and the badnefs of their provi-
(ions, that Lieutenant Brine, iur commander, was
appiehenfive he could not keep company much longer
unlefs he could have fome aiCftance given him. 1 he
carp<'Mtcr and lix failors were fent on board, but
the captain was unable to fupply her with better pro-
viHons ; and as the carpenter found he could do little
towards (topping the leak in the llore-fliip, the Dol-
phin and Swallow completed their provillons from
her, and put empty oil jars, flavcs, and iron hoops
uji board her.

Arriving at the 30th degree of f( uth latitude on
the 12th of November, though it is then the fum-
mer feafon in theft climates, the men found the wea-
ther fo cold that they were obliged to put on their
thick jackets. A meteor was obferved on the i8th of
this month about nine at night, which flew from the
north-call to the fouth-weft, leaving fuch a train of
liglit as equalled the brightnefs of mid-day. Three
or four days afterwards they faw, befides whales,
fcals, fnipcs, plovers, and other birds, the tokens of
l;md, which they difcovercd on the 8th of Decemb.:r,
and un the Qth a fort of red Ihrimps furrounded the
fliip, which difcolourcd the fca about them.

Being near Cape Virgin on the l6th, they faw
feveral men riding on the (horc, by whofe ligns it was
undcrftood that they wifticd them toland. When the
vclTcb came to an anchor, it was obferved that the na-
tives fliuuted aloud, and keeping up large Arcs, re-
mained oppofitc the fbip all night. 7'hc captain,
with a bo.it's crew from each ftiip, went on fliorc in
the inornmg, and having made ftgns to the Jndiatts to
lit down, diliributed among them, combs, buttons,
knives, and various toyr, and picafcd the women
much by giving them fome ribbands. Afterwards he
took fume pains to make them underlland that he
wnuMgive them fome bill-hooks and hacchets, whicli
lie fticwid them, in exchange for guanicocs and of-
triehcs, but they were cither ignorant of his mean-
ing, or did not chufe to underftand him.

With rc?,Trd to the fize of thefc |ieople, according
to the moiiexacit account, the talleft among them were
alxiiitfix feecfevcn inches in hei;;Ut, feveral others were
an inch or two Ihorter ; but from Ave feet ten inches,
to fix feet and upwards fecnied to be the ilandard,
7

which hy the mod moderate calculation is three inches
at Icaft above that of our country ; and as to a man
of fix feet feven, the reader need not be told that he
is lookcdonat agiantamongft us. Tbefe people wci;e
mufcular and well made, but their hands and feet
were remarked to be fmall in proportion to their bo-
dies. Their drefs was the fkin of the guanicoe, with
the hairy fide turned inwards ; and fome of them wore
a fort of fuuare piece of cloth wove from iht^ hair 6f
that animal, a hole being cut to admit the head ; and
the garment thus made, refiChcd to the knees. They
had i)efides a fort of bufltin that reached frorn the
middle of the leg to tlie inftep, and was alfo conveyed
under the heel ; but the reft of the foot was bare.
Their hair, which was very long and coarfc, was tied
back with a piece of' cotton, and their complexion
was of the dark copper colour. Their horfes, on
which both men and women rode aflride, were about
14 hands high, and their dpg» ap|)earcd to be of the
SpanUh kind. Some of the men h;td wooden (puts,
and feveral of them had their arms painted ; the faces
of others were varioufly marked, and ibme were fecn
that had their eyes inclofed with a painted circle.
Two round (tones inclofed with leather, formed their
arms, one beinc; held in the hand, the other was
fwung round the head for fome time, and then dif-
chargcd from a firing of eight feet in leaath, with
great violence as from a fling. By this cord they alfo
caught guanicoes and oftriches, throwing it in (uch a
manner as to hamper the legs of their prey*. The peo-
ple were found here to be great talkers, and frequently
ufing the word Ca-pi-ta-ne, they were fpoken to in
Portugucfe, Spanifh, French and Dutch* of neither
of which languages they appeared to have any idea :
But it was remarked that they learned to pronounce
Englifh words readily enough, and particularly ufed
the fentence, " £ngli(hmen come on Ihorc, with
great facility.

As they <ecmcd defirous of going on board, the
captain took eight of them into the boats, on which
they inftantly beean finging for joy j but when they
came into the fhip, they cxpreiusd no kind of fur-
prife at the novelties they l>ehcld, till a looking glafs
being (hewn them, they a£ted many antic ge(turcs before
it, occafionally walking to and from it, talking car-
ncAly and laughing immoderately. They would drink
nothing but water, but they eagerly ate every article
of the (hip's provifions. They were highly pleafed
with the turkies, guinea-hens, hogs, and flicep on
board ; and one of them making figns that he (hould
be glad of fome clothes, the captain gave him a pair
of (liocs and buckles, and prefented each of the reft
with a little bag, in which were new fixpenccs and
half-pence, with a ribband pa(red through a hole in
them, to hang round their necks ) there were alfo in
it a looking-glafs, a comb, fome beads, a knife, a
pair of fcifliirs, fome twine, and a few flips of cloth :
fome tobacco being ofl^ered them, they fn\oked a few
minutes, but did not fecm to like it. On the marines
being exercifed before them, they were terrified at the
firing of the mufkets, and one of them falling down
(hut his eyes, and lay without motion, which was
fuppofed to intimate that he knewtlic deftruftivc nature
of thole weapons. It was with difficulty that they
were at length prevailed on to go on (horc ; one of
them in particular would not leave the (hip till h: had
fvtng a long kind of prayer, and petitioned to (tay till
evening, by pointing to the fuii, and then moving liis
hand round to the weftward. They liegan tofing as
foon as tlicy were in the bdht, and did not ccafe ti't
they had reached the (hore 1 where many of their com-
panions prefled eagerly to be taken on board, and were
highly affronted at being refufed that favour.

They turnd into the Strciehts of Maghcllan this
day with the tide of flood, and the fame day faw many
people on herfcback hunting the guanicoes, which

* Capiiin Willli't people oliTcrved fame of the nttivet de-
vouring the paunch of in aftrich rasv, after hiving turned the
infiilc outwards, fad Ihakca off fame af the filth.

ran

CAPTAIN ' W A L L'l 3.

ran

rait up the coantry with pfoJigious rwiftnef!); The
hatives tig;hted fires oppofite tlic fhips, and in the
morning about 400 of them were obfcrved in a valley
with tlteir horfe;) feeding near thenii This being the
(pot where Mr. Byron (aw the Patagonians, Come of-
ficers werefeiit towards tho fliorct but with orders not
ro land, as the (hips were too far off to give them af-
fiftance. i*.s tliey drew near the fhorc^ many of the
natives flocked towards themj among- whom were wo-
men and ciiildren, and Ibmc of the fame meh they had
iecn the preceding day : thole waded towards the boat«
frequently callmg out, " Engliihmen come on
Ihore i" and were with difHculty ke|>t from coming on
board, when they found the crews would not laitdi
Some bread, tobarco, and toyit, were diftributcd, but
no provifiohs could be obtained in exchartge for thefe
articles. The tide was fo violent on the 23d, that
the ihips were driven three feveral ways i but in the
evening they were fafcty anchored. On Chriftmas-
day they procured « quantity of celery from Eliza-
beth's I Hand, which being boiled with portable-foup
and wheat, the crews brcakfafted on it for feveral
daysi Upon this ifland were foutid many huts, and
two dogs were feen ; but the Indians had quitted their
abodes for the prefent. They obferved tnatiy moun-
tains, which, though it was then the midft of fum-
mer, were in a great degree covered with fnow.

They antihorod in the bay of Port Famine on the
26th, and the fiek were fent on ftiore. Where a tent
wa$ere<5ied for their reception, as was another for
the accommodation of the fail-makers, and thofe who
landed to get wood ; the empty water-caflcs were landed
on the 28th, and 011 the fame day great quantities of
fifli were caught, among which were fmelts. On fhfir
arrival hare, many of the people were very ill of the
fcurvy } but by the plentiful ttfe of vegetables, and boih-
ingia thefea, in aifaorttirae they recovered. And now
all hands were employed in repairing and ftoring the
fhips, and thoufands of young trees were carefully
taken up with tlie mottkl about them, tohc carriiid to
Falkland's Iflamls, which produce no timber. The
mafter of the Dolphin^ who had hten in fearch of
anchoring places, returned on the- 17th of January
with an accounr, that he found fuch an were proper for
the purpofe, and the Prince Frederick (hiled for Falk-
land's Iflands the fame day.

They -ame to an airchor on the 17th, half a mile
from thefhore, oppofite a current of frefh water, that
falls rapidly from the mountains. But having difco-
vered a more convenient anchoring place, and at the
fame time better adapted f<)r procuring wood and wa-
ter, they failed again the next day, and came to an
anchor in the bay of Cape Gallant on the 23d. ' Here
they C4ught wild ducks in fuch numbers as to afford
them vciy fcafonible relief. The mafter of the Swal-
low climbed on^ of the high mountains, with the
hope of getting a view of tlte South Sea'i but being
difappointed in his expectations, he erected a pyramid,
and havinc written the (hip's ilame, and' (he date of
t'ke year, he left: the fame, with a (hilling within the
itiuAure.

They faw an im^mal on the 24th, that was as fwtfl
as a deer, and had a^ cloven foot) but in other refpeAs
was like an *fs. The country here has a moft fnr-
bidding stlpbA. The lo*er pkrt oi" the vaft moun-
tains oh both fides (he (freight are covered with trees,
A fpice 6f which is occupied by Avithered'fhrabs j
higher up are fragments of broken rocks and heaps of
&10W, and the tops are intirely naked and defolate.
On the «8th they faw a great fmoke on the fouthern
(hore, and another on Prince Rupert's Ifland ; fome
peopit being fent on (hore the ne« morning for wa-
Ur, they had no fooner landed, than (feveral of the
natives came o(F in three canoes, and having advanced
towards the Tailors, made figns of friendfhip, which
being anfwered to their wi(h, they (houtcd aloud, and
the Englilh (houted in return. When the Indians
came up, they were eating the flefh of feals raw, and
were covered with the (kins, which ftunk intolerably.
Tlify h.-td' hrtws, arrowst *'«1 javelins, the two lad

V'ot. I. N" 14.

of wliich wet« pointed #!th flint, "tite talteft of 1767
thefe people did not meafurc more than five feet fix * > <
inches, and they were of a deep copper complexion. -
Three of the natives who were taken on board the
Dolphin) aie whatever food was-giventlum, but, like
the Patagoniansi would drink only water, they were
likewiie'highly diverted with a looking-glafs« in which
they at firlt looked with great furprife, till, having
become more familiar with it* they fmilcd at the nO'
vcltyt and when they obferved the figure in the glafs
fmiltd alfo, they bur(t -tMo moft immoderate fits of
laughter at its effcAs. Hlthc captain going on (hore
with thi^m, prefented fome trinkets to nisir wives and
children, niid received fome of their arm!)^ and piece*
of mundic, of the kind found in the Corni(h tilt
mines, in return. Thefe Indians went off in canoei
that had feaUlkin fails.

On the 3d of February the (hip« failed, and came
to an anchor in York Road on the fame d.iy. Capti
Wallis went on (hore the next morning with aparty«
near Bachelor's river, where he faw fome Indiait
huts, and feveral dogs which ran away the moment
they were obferved ; they likewife faw oftriches, and
colleifted various kinds of fi(h and fome vegetables of
the country. There is a catara£t near this river, the
jioifeof which is tremendous, the water falling more
than 400 yards, partly over a very fteep defcent, and
partly in a perpendicular line. Having failed on the
14th, they came to an anchor again tiic fame day in
York Rood, after having loft ground by the contrary
winds, and were driven with fuch violence the next
morning by the current, as tobe in continual ex peiftiition
of being daflied againft the rocks, from which they were
frequently not haJf the length of the (hip j but they
were providentially preferved, and came to an anchor
in Butler's Bay, which was fo called from die name B^tjjt-jBjyj
of one of the mates, by whom it was firft difcovercd.
Keeping their ftation here till tlie 20th, they were
then encountered by a moft violent ftorm, attended
with hail ,artd rain, whicii increafed till the evenings
the fea breaking over the fore-caftle upon the quarter-
deck : yet, as the cables did not part, they were again
wonderfully preferved. Here they rerr^aincd eight
days, taking in wood and water, and repairing the
little damage the (hip had fuftained in the ftorm. In
the mean time they caught fi(h, among which were
mufclesnear fix inches long, and procured plenty of
vegetables. The mountains in this neighbourhood
had the moft rugged and defolate appearance. Their
heads fecmcd to be loft in the clouds ; and fome of
them on the fouthern (hore, produced not a fingle
blade of grafs, while the valleys, equally barren, and
almoft covered with fnow, had a very melancholy ap-
pearance. They fct fail again on the firft of March)
and anchored on the fame day in a bay which was
called Lim's Cmt, from whence they failed on Moif.
day. The five following days they had fuch tem-^
peftuouj) weatherj that they had no profj>etft before
them, but that of immediate de(tru<ition : and the
crew ori board the Dolphin were fo prepoftefled that
the Swallow could not ride out the ftorm, that they
fancied they ftiw fome of her hands coming towards
them over the rocks. During a fortnight that they re-
mained at this place, they were at two-thirds alIo\v<-
ance, brandy excepted, which was found highly ufei
ful to keep up their fpirits. Both the veHSls were
fafcly anchored in a place called Swallow Harbourj
on the 15th, from whence they failed tho next morn-'
ingi and on the following day the Swallow, being
driven among breakers, made a fignal of diftrefs ; but
a breeze from the (hore happily relcafed her.

The waves ran high that aay, and there was fo
thick a fog, that they narrowly efcapcd (hip-wreck
among a number of fmall iflands : the weather how-
ever clearing up.a little in the afternoon, they came to
an anchor in a bay under Cape Upright. Two ca-
noes having on boairl feveral Indians, on the 19th
cime along-fide the Dolphin, who had with them a
great quanty Of feal's flefh, blubber, and penguins,
which they ate without any kind of drclTing. A
!> f, . . failot

^tijI^Mj^;

»v

«S*

•»!^

THE VOYAGE OF

f«ilor having elugkt t fifli bigger than a herring, gave
it to one of them, who killed it by a bite near the
gills, and inftantl/ devoured it'. They would not
drink any liquor but water, they eagerly ate provifiont
of any kind, boiled, roafted, raw, fait or frefli.
Though the weather was very cold, thcfe favages had
no covering but a f»l-<kin, and even that they did
not wear when they were rowing. They had all fore
eyes, probably occaftoned by the fmoke of their fires,
and they live in fuch a nafty way that they fmcll
^uite rank. They had a kiod of javelin pointed with
bone, which they ufe in ItrUcing fifli. The captain
gave them a few baubles, with which they departed
extremely well pleafed. One nicht 22 of the Tailors
ftaying on .-in ifland, 30 of the natives hurried
to their boats, and began to make free with its
contents. I'he failors had juft time to hinder their
intended depredations, at which the favages appeared
to be much inraged, and betook themfclves to their
poles and javelins ; but fome I'mall prefents made them
by the own, pacified them on this occafion. It
proving a fine day on the 30th, the crew employed
themfelves in drying the lails. The next day fume
Indians coming oti board, proved to be the fame peo-
ple whom they had fecn on fliore before.

Some of the natives, on the firft of April, fold thenv
feveral of the birds called racc-horfcs, and the day fol-
lowing eiglit of the Indians brought fix of their chil-
dren on board, to whom the Captain gave necklaces
and bracelets. The Indians here appeared to be re-
markably tender of their children, and delicate in re-
gard to their women. A boat having been ordered
on fliore in order to procure wood and water, fome of
the natives had come on board, and others were in
canoes along-fide of the (hip. The latter kept their
eyes fixetl u|)on the boat, and when (be put off, called
loudly to their companions, who diredly handed down
the children, and jumped into the canoes which
had followed the boat with the grcateft expedition,
all the time crying out as if they were in the utmoft
dilhcfs. When the boat came near the land, fome
women ap|»cartd among the neks to whom the In-
dians called in like manner, on which tliey all ran
away. The crew, however, remarking their jealous
fear, lay on their oars in order to convince them, that
thc-y intended no injury. The Indians, however,
drew their canoes on Chore, and halhly followed the
women.

The men now began to be troubled with fluxes,
on which account, at the rcqucft of the furgeon, it
was ordered, that no more muCcles (which hadhither-
tu been found in plenty) (hould be brought on board.
Tlic two veflels failed nt company on tlie loth of this
month, and, on the nth they lolt fightofeach other,
nor did they meet again during the whole courfc of
the voyage. The iJolphin cleared the ftreights this
day, after having encountered innumerable difficulties
and ilanj;ers on Iter paflage through theni, for the fpace
of three calendar months and 25 days. •

Among the obfcrvations of our author, he takes
particular notice of the Spanifti town built with
a view to command the Maghellanic Streights.
As the reader has had an account already ot the
wretched fate of the colony left there in 1581, we
fllall only take notice that mod of them were ftarved
tu death, and this uncomfortable place received the
appellation of Fort Famine, which it retains to this
d ly. Cape Holland Bay, and the adjacent country
whi-re fi(h wire caught in great plenty, produced alio
cranberries and wild celery j but no birds were to be
found thereon. At Cape Gallant Bay they found
wood, water, vegetables, and fifll as well as at
Elizabeth's Biiy, and York Road. At Butler's Bay
Wire procured rock-filh, mufcles, wild fowl, &c.
i^ion Cove, and Goodluck Bay, were found to pro-
duce nothing but wood and water. At Swallow har-
bour, where the mountains were the mod defolate

» Itik to Im ul)kricd licic, a> in lie former voyiB, ihit ivc
b»ic .; 11 ''I rxj.ilj cii|.iiil ili« writer', account of ail the lieir
ingi, ui-.Miu-tii^. m ilie i:auiU ut tlic vcllcii tlirou^h tlicP

that ever could be imagined they procured mufcies and
rock fifh, and wild fowl and fiih were taken, while
they were at anchor in Upright Bay.

Holding a weflward courle on Sunday the 12th of
April, a number of gannets, pintadoes, and other
birds were feen flying about the fliip, the upper works
of which being open, and the clothes and bedding
always wet, in a few day* the failors were attacked
with colds and fevers. The fick were brought on
deck, on the 27th of this month, which proved a
fine day ; and they were nouriflied with falop and
portable foup in which wheat was boiled ; but the
violent winds loon vifiting them again, the bedding
was wet through as before ; and the ihip being in
danger of lofing her mails, it was thought neceiliiry
to alter their courfc. From this time till the 14th of
May, nothing material happened. On that day
fumething like high land appeared, and a number of
brown birds were feen, but fteering for the quarter
where they expend to fall in with it, they found
themfclves difappointed } though the figns were fome-
times renewed. In fliort, it was not till the 6th of
June that land was really difcovered to the W. N. W.
This proved to be a low ifland, at five or fix leagues
diftance, which was at length difcovered from the
deck, to the great joy of the fliip's company.

When they came within five miles of this ifland
another was difcovered. To the firfl of tbefe iflands
a boat was fent, under the command of the fecond
lieutenant, the crew being properly provided with
arms. On their approaching the (hore, two canoes
were feen to put off to the other ifland. The crews
however landed, gathered fome cocoa-nuts and a
quantity of fcurvy-grafs, and then returned to the
ihips, bringing with them fome fifli-hooks made of
oyfter fhells, that had belonged to the natives. In this
excurfion they faw three huts, fupported on pofts, and
open all routui, but thatched with cocoa and palm
leaves, ingenioufly wrought together. As no anchor-
age was to be found, and the whole ifland was cncom-
pafl'ed with rocks and breakers, the captain refolvcd
to fteer for the other ifland, giving the name of Whit-
fun Ifland to this, bccaufe it was difcovered on the Whitfua
eve of Whitfunday, Having approached the other'"*
ifland, about 50 of the natives, armed with pikes, and
fome having fire-brands in their hands, were obferved
running on the coaft. Two boats were fent out
mannedand armed, and the lieutenant was inftruAcd
to lleer to that part of the (hore where the people had
been ken ; to avoid ofKcnding tliem, and to endeavour
to procure water and fruit in exchange for fuch com-
modities as he took with him. When the boat came
near the (hore, the natives put themfclves in a po-
fition as if they would defend it with their pikes ;
but the crew making figns of friendlhip, and expof-
ing their trinkets, fome of the Indians walked into
the water ; to whom it was hinted, that fome cocoa-
nuts and water would be acceptable | which was no
fooncr dune, than they fetched a fmall quantity of
each, which they ventured to bring to the boats, and
received fume nails and other trifles in exchange.
While they were dealing, one of the Indians Dole a
filk handkerehief with its contents, but the thief
could by no means be difcovered. The boats wc/e
again difpatched the next morning, with orders to
land, if they could do it u.thot/t oiTence to the na-
tives. As they approached the (hore, they obferved
fcven large canoes, each with two mails, lying ready
for the Indians to embark in them i thcfe having
made figns to the crew to proceed farther, and this be-
ing done, the Indians embarked and failed wellward,
being joined by two canoes, at another part of the ifland.
Thefe latter, two of which were lalhed together,
appeared to be 30 feet in length, four in breadtn, and
three in depth. The people had long black hair
hanging over their (houldcrs, were of a dark com-
plexion, and uf a middle fize, and Ureflcd in a kind of

matting

d
111

RIou(
IflaiK

Cuml]
llland
Prince
Willi
K.nrjr

Ofnitif
llUad.

llreigliti, but liave only fclcAed what wc tliouglit ini^lit I14
molt ciuettiining or inftruiUvc to the reader.

CAPTAIN WALLIS.

««

Queen

Chirlolte't

lOuu).

Eement
iSmi.

Rloucefter
lAand.

WliiifuB
. lOand.

r.
id

>ir

of
'g

mittine made faft round the middle ; and it was re-
marlced that the women were beautiful, and themen
juftly proportioned.

The lieutenant being again fent on fhore, the cap-
tain commanded him to take pofleflion of the ifland
in the Icing's name, and to call it Suitn Charlottt $
JJIand. llie boats returned loaded with cocoa-nuts
and fcurvy-grafs after having found two wells of ex-
cellent water. Provifions for a week were now al-
lotcd for a mate and twenty men, who were left on
ihore to fill water \ the Tick were landed for the be-
nefit of the air; and a number of hands were ap-
pointed to climb the cocoa-trcet and gather the nuts,
which, in their fituation, were very dcftreable. The
Water wis brought on board on the lOth, but the
cocoa-nuts, and vegetables, which the cutter was
bringing off, were loft by the rolling of the waves,
that almoft filled her with water. Afterwards they made
an ifland where were found fcveral tools, refembling
•dzes, awls, and chiiTcls, which were formed of (hells
and (tones. The dead bodies were not buried, but left
under a kind of canopy, to decay above ground.

The (hip failed again this day, after taking DolTeflton
of the illands for the king; in teflimonvof which they
left a flag flying, and carved his majclty's name on a

Itiece of wood, and on the bark of finreral trees. They
eft (hillings, fixpences, halfpence, bottles, nails,
hatchets, and other things for the ufe of the natives.
It was remarkable, that on this ifland they found the
very people who had fled from Queen Charlotte's
Ifland, with feveral others, in the whole near lOO.
It lies in 19° 20' fouth lat. and 138'' 30^ weft long,
and received the nameof f^mtn/ IJUinii.

On the I ith they obferved about ftxtcen perfons on
an ifland which was called Gloucifitr Ifland; but as it
was furrounded with rocks and breakers, they did not
attempt to land. This day they likewife difcovcrcd

CumlKtland another, which was called Cumi/riStnt/^ni; and, on

Illand. th, djy folhiwing, a third, which received the name

WillUm "f '*""«^'= lyittiam Htnry', Ifland.

U.nty'ilflanit On the 17th they again difcovered land, and at ten
at ni^ht faw a light, which convinced them that it*
was inhabited, and remarked, that there was a plenty
of cocoa-trees, a certain proof that there was no want
of water. An officer was fcnt onfhore the day follow-
ing, with inftriiitions to exchange fome toys for fuch
tilings as the ifland produced. He faw a great num-
ber of the people, but could find no place where the
fhip miKht anchor. Some of the natives, who had
white fticks in their hands, appeared to have an
authority over the reft. While the lieutenant was
trafficking with them, an Indian diving into the
water, fcized the grappling of the boat, while his
companions on (hore laid hold of the rope b;^ which
(he was faftcned, and attempted to draw her into the
furf, but their endeavours were fruftrated by the fir-
ing of a mufquet, on which they all let go their hold.
Thefe Indians were drefTed in a kind of cloth, a piece
of which was brought to the (liip. It was concluded
from the number of the people (ecn, 9i>d their having
fomc large double canoes on the Ihore, that there were
larger iflands at no great diftance : the captain, there-
fore, having named this place Ufnabrugh Ifland,
made fail and foon difcoverlng high-land, came to an
anchor, becaufe the weather was very foggy.

The next morning early they law land, diftant
four or five leagues ; but, after havinjj failed towards
it f^Hne time, tnought it prudent again to anchor, on
accountof the thicknel's of the fog j but itnofooner
cleared away, than thev found the (hip encompaflixl
by a number of canoes, in which were many hundreds
of people. Havinc; approached the (hip, they be-
held it with wonder, and talked with great carneft-
nefs. Some bauhleo were now (hewn them, and ftgns
were made for them to come on board, on which they
rowed the cano towards each other, atld a general
confultation tc 'lace) at the conclufion of which
they all furro- '«A the (hip With an appdarance of
friend(hip,und -' of them delivered an oration, at the
ctMwlulion of M^icblhe ihrti* iniu tiu> (i»i(lit branch

*— 1

Ofntlirugh
lllud.

of a plantain-trecf which he had held in his hand.
This being done, a young Indian, of more apparent *
courage than the reft, ventured on board the (hip.
The captain would have given him fome baubles, but
he refufed the acceptance of them till thufe in the
canoes came along-(ide, and, having held a confulta*
tion, threw on board feveral branches of the plantain-
tree. Others now ventured on board ; but it was r»»
marked, that they all got into the (hip at fome im-
proper part, not one of them, even by accident, find*
ing the right place of afcent.

A goat belonging to the (liir, having run his horns
againtt the back of one of the Indians, he looked
round with furprize, and feting ihc animal ready to
renew the attack he fpran^'ccr the (hip's fide,
and was inftantly followed"" .^y all his country-
men. Their terror, however, ibon fubfuled, and
they returned to the (hip ; and the fhccp, hog?, and
poultry being (hewn them, they intimated that they
pofTeflcd the two latter fpecies.

The captain then gave them nails and other trifles
and made (igns that he wanted hogs, fowls, and fruit i
but ey could not comprehend him. They were
dctetted in feveral attempts to take away any thing
they could lay hold of ; but one of them, at length
jumped overboard with a laced hat which he had
fnatched from one of the officers.

The inner parts of the ifland abounds in hills,
cloathed with timber trees, above them are high peaks,
from which large rivers dcfccnd to the fea ) the houfes,
when feen at a diftance, refemblc barns, having no
(heltcr but a roof; the land towards the' fea is level,
and produces the cocoa-nut, with a variety of other
fruits, and the face of the wholecotintry is piiflurefque
beyond delcription. They now failetl along the (hore,
while the canoes, which could not keep pace with
them, made towards the land. In the ai'cernoon the
(hip brought to,and the boats being fent to found a bay
thatpromifcd good anchorage, the Indian canoes flocked
round them. The captain, apprehenfive that their
defigns were hoftile, made a fignal for the boats to
return to the (hip, and fired a gun over the heads of.
the Indians. Though they were frightened at the
report, they attempted to prevent the return of the
cutter; but (he eafily out-failed them. This being'
obferved by fome canoes in a different ftation, they
intercepted her, and wounded fome of her people
with ftones, which occafioncd the firing a mufquet,
and fome (hot were lodged in the (houlder of the man
who began the attack j which the Indians obfcrving,
they all made off with theutitaoft preclpittttioh. The
boats having reached the (hip preparations were made'
for failing, but a large caho6 making towards hef
at a great rate, it was refolved to wait the event
of her arrival \ on which an Indian, making a fpeech^
threw a plantain branch on board, and the captain'
returned the compliment of peace, by giving them a
branch, which had been left on board by the other'
Indians j fome tovs being likewife given them, they
departed very well fatisfied. They now failed, and
the next morning were off a peak of land Which was
almoft covered with the natives and their houfes. On '
the 2lft the (hip anchored, and feveral canoes came
along-fide of her, bringing a large quantity of fruit,
with fowls and hogs, for which they received nail» :
and toys in e^chanjge.

The boats having been fent to found' iloH^thti'
coaft, were followed iy> Urge double Onoes, thttei ^l
which ran at the cutttr, fttived in her quarter, HA)
otherwife damaged her, the Indians at the fame^ime,
armed with clubs, endeavouring to board her; the'
crew now fired, and wounded one inan daneeroufly, '
and killing anotiicr, they both fell iftto the fea, wKhher I
thfir companions dived after thimi,'feiid^eo< thtfih Wto •
the canoe. They now fried if fh^^ coitlil IWhd'or fit, '
but as one was quite dead, th^y laid htni at thi^boc- '
torn of the canoe, and the- wounded man was fup- '
borted ill a fitting poftnre. The (hfps boats noW '
kept on their way, while (hllte of the canoes went
on (hore, .and others fctum^uto the ftioito Kn^ >
i ■,-.,.- .V- ■;- ■*.■■-- »he«

1767

«16

THE V O V A GEO?)

3 !

their merchandiijc. Whilp thelK>ats continued out
in ieveral founding^t tho. natives fwiin off 'to th<;m
with water and fruit., T1»P *"',■«'«<' wwe. pjr^cularly
urgent for th« bilori to land, and, putting off »ll
tfieir cloiiths, gave hii>t9,. of the moft indelicate na-
ture, liowiacceptablc their company would be... The
boats j^ing fcn^ on fliore with f'ofae fmall caflts to_get
water, the Indians AIW two pf.thcm, and k^pt all
tlic reft for their trouble. When the boats came off
the (bore was crowded with thoufands of men, women,
and children.

During this time, feveral canoes remained alongfidc
the fliipi but the captain would t\ot permit a single.
Indian to go on board, as , there was no guaiiding
iigainft their artful difpoAtions.

On the 22d, the natives brought hogs, poultry and-
fruit to the ihip, which they bartered for knives and
other things, fo that the \yhole crpw was fupplied
with meat for two days, by means of this traffic. The
boats having been this day fent for water, every inr
ducement was ufed by the inhabitants to perfuade them
to land, and the behaviour of the women was flill
more lafcivious than before. Having procured a fmall
quantity of water, the boats put off: on which the
women (houted aloud, pelted them with apples and
bananas, and fltewed every mark of contempt and dc-
teftation.

I'hey made fail the fallowing day, with int^n-
tfon to anchor off the watering-place, but, the mad
at the maft-head difcovering a bay a few miles to the
leeward, they immediately ilood for it. I'hc boats,
which were a-hcad, making a fignal for an anchorage,
thejr prepared to bring to ; bi;^t when the fliip hud »1-
molt icaciicd the place, (he fuddcniy ftruck, and her
head remained immoveable, hxed ot> a cor;al rock i' in
which fituation (he remained near an hour, when (he
was hcippily relieved by a breeze from thefhpro,
During the whole time that (he was in danger of being
wreck^, (he was cncompaffcd by hundreds of India'/is
in their canoes ; but not one of them attempted to
board her.

The veflel was now piloctd round's reef, into ^
harbour,, where (he moored. The mpllcr was then
fent to foifnd the bay, and found fafe artchorjge in
every part 9f it. In the mean time (pme fmall canoes
btouglit provffions on board ; but as the (hpre was
c/owded with large canoes, filled with men, the cap-
tain loafled, and primed his guns, fupptic.d hi» boats,
vjith mu(i)ueteers, and kept a number of men under
arips.

' ^he.lhip failed up thf. harhoiir oi^ the »4th and
ruay canoes followed (hns.; bringing provifons,
v^hkb WBTQ exchanged .(»r, naiU^ Jci^ivfs, &i«« i A
number of yery large, canoes advanced. i|t the evening,
laden with ffores, on which the captain ordered the
((ri^bft watch to be kept. At length fome canoes :
came offj which had on board ajnuv^r of women,
who being brought almo^M^Mn FhVOfip, began to
Ma&ife thofe arts of. llV)f''<=i>^yi=^^<'y ''''^"''on^'i
Dk^ring this (tiW't'i; e;(hib.ition tM |f rge canoes cgme'
rp>ind thu (hiB,,Tp^?p«f the Indian»,i>laying on a kind
of aOutc, others fuigingj.ikiHl the reft blowing a fort
ti (hylls, Soqn.jiftei; .^,l?*gf canpe advanced, in
which was iff awqing j, and on the top qf it fat one
cif the naMves, hoUfn| fonye yell9w aqdired feathers in.
h» hands. The captain having cpi»(utte4 to his com-
i9g,alopgfifi%, hsdeUver^d ,^ fsf^itheril, 4nd while a
pixtm wa»,pfsparin| ivr.binf. MiW* tapk fronj the
(kin, add tlu^«i die bnu>ch of ««pcoa/^trqe in the air.
Tilis was, d<)Hbpcft, thefignal fpr an on(et, for there
WW aniiqf^nc (houit froia all the cafioes, which, ap-
prpaf^ung^lMi O^ip, peurqd v^kyyof ftqnes into (verv

par^^he;;'^ 0«V.4j»i «H!» f«Mt !«»«*«* with fmjdl
(l»o^ !«r^ Iredk iMid,tU ftofh on guard difebtrged
thcif qinfiiiiptj), 'nf. •MinM' of Indians rottad the

fliip were (mII acKtOsiand'AhOif^ ^^Y '"f*'^ '^ ^"^
dif^otxerted, xbef &«» pcoim^ their fpirits, ajid
Topewed the atta«k. ' ThpM(iiiide of the Indians wwe
n^w observed on (hoK, Mrihafkii^ m f»ft » thccpnoc*
C911I4 Wiflg Jrvn # i 'Oi4MMnr« tbenftue gjvcn fof

Mittl

idttng thacinnnpifi.'fytMl 0^i«l»iej» 1tcro,1}iiougK»'t»-
bcM uppn the (hw. T)»i» fcijig pu< a Aap to »\i
hoftihtics, on the part of the Indians, for a fmllll:
times but thefcattcredcftnoesfofln f;ot together ag.lin,'
iajpd, having haifl^ediwl^ite flre^nxirB, I advanced, an*
threw ftones of-.twp pounds fWdightii from (lings, by
Kvhich a numhjwjof.thq f«8m»ni wew.,vigHiv)ed, ■ A«
jthis time fever*^!, caoofs .qppr<iaciipd itlvi bpw of the
!(hip, from whence no (Kot had beeij y<;t diiehnrgcd.
In one of thefe was s,u Indian, .who,;j|p|)«ared to have
an authority oveK (he reft, ai'guu traf therefore le^'ellut(
at hjs. canoe, th* (hot, pf which fplit \t m two pitcts.i
This puit an.end ito the conteft, >th^ canots rowed (tff
with the utmoff i'peed, and fhe pqople^'oB (hore ttuk
pn4 CQiicealed.theroriflvRS: behind the hilla^
: Aftf(j^is,thi) captain fail«|l for bis imcndedanchoty^
Sng place, and moored his (hip within a little diAanc«
pf a (ine,river. Sonterofbispeopiewhohad been (kntto
purvey the (Kore, neturned the next morning with an
account that they liad. found gopd.l>e(h water (inhi-
ductd fftjeitfeerjver abovementioneri) hut .that thtro
,was nipitit canoe to be feert. A liou(en.1nt wijl fent th«
iiune day ^th ia|l the boats, Yell naaiWed (^wdwnied,
and a number of marines, liai-ing oiders t« tftnd'li'is
men under cover of the (hip andi boats. This; betn^
accoiidingly effected,, he turned a piece of turf, nnii
having hoilieda broad pendant u|>«n a Ijff, toulcpof-
^feflion .of thp.iflelor hisiArttiuinic ntfjefty^, n;imiiiipit!
•Xihg fSttrge iht nir4'i f^md" .Someitu^j. being ihcit
imixed with the river-watali Ihjf king's hfdllji wa» |,'j'^.[Jjj.''S'
idrank by erery peffon prefeht. During lh(;; pcr-'iJi'a„,i!" *
formancepf this ceremony, two old men were feeri on
•the oppofite rideof the river, who put themfelveS in
'afuppltcating poflure, and apjieared to be' much 'ter-
rified. On thisj the ^nglKta'inivie fignif to th^nta t-J.-y ';
jcrofs the river. One of the* obeying th* (ignal. e;ime • • '

over, aodiCrawled on his haAdsantt knees towards the
jlicutenwit, who (bcwed hhn Come ftone»'th«ti had jmu'i"'
been thrown at the veffel, but took pains at the fama '■

time, to intimate, th*t no jnJMry mould he. done to ,, m ;;

the Indians, if ^hby were not the aggrefforc. He then . '\ j!'
caufed foriip hatchets to be produced, giving the Iitx
jdiif) to underftand that his people would-be gbd tt>
Ufichenge them for various kiiids-of provifiunt. iSnme
jtrifles Were alfo given: tp this old man, wh». exprcffol
|his gratitude by bis geftures, and by dancing ruuntt
the flag-ftaff, but when they faw the pendant (haken bjr
the. wind,, they ran back, with figns of fear and I'ur-
,pri(e. When they had recovered themfelves from their
if right, tliey brought two hogs whicti they laid downy
ajid began dancing round the pendant as beibre. The
hogs wereafbiFftardsiput into ^nvatioc, which theolt^
jindiao rowed toWettls the (hipi and when hc,caiii«'
'ajbog-fide of her, pronounced a feilous oration,' ia
the conriepf which be delivered a number of plantaia
ieaves,,(o'*e '^ a time, fomewliAt in the manner of the
N'orth Americans: doling their perio^b w'tinhelts of
wamgum,) After .this he rowed backngiiio, rifufuig'
^ttettime.to.aQ^eptof nny prcfeitis.
' . Thelwpifc wf. druAs and other infttumenl* war
fi'eard thid nigh;, and the next morning it wasob-
fervedthat the pendant was taken away, and the na-
tures had quitted the coaft-. While the caSiu were
fijiliilg with water, the old Indian already mentioned,
croffcd the river, and brought the £ngli(n (ome, fowl*,
hnd fruits. At this time the captaw was ill, but
though hd Was confinfld to the vedisi, he had remarkcdi
fcpm, thence by the help of ^Iitiei what was doing orii
Ihore. In the courfe of hts obfervations, he per-,
ceivcd many pf, the mtives Creeping behind the bufties
towards the watering-place, at the (ame time that

I'aftmimbers.advancfed through the i*Oods, imd a-
arjge party carnedown the MU in view t ail tending tot
heifalnle<)uarteri , TwoiUvifiona of candes were be-r
ides fefcn making rosHid. the oppofite fide«< of the bay.'
As the lieuURaot Mad liJ(ewi(e obfervcd the threatened:
danger, be got hi* people oil board the boats } pre-
vious to which its hM fent tke old Indian to intimate
to hit cotiMrymen that th* cimT wanted' nothialg buti
W«tv»i.aaito.pi««aU on them toltcep m a ptoper di- <
i ilance.

All
«itl
live

hsid

till

A IkinB'ilh
with the na-
livei o( Ota-

. KinprJcorge'

•tlicTliirJ'*
■ inaml.

at
o
le
d
la
:o
n .

tit

le
n)

;ir
nv

!<ik

lin
he
of

»S'

fa$
>b-
la-
ere

«1.
twit,
but
kedt

Dtll

icr-.
Ihcfi
iiat
A •'
l-toi
be-<
ity.i
;ne<l<
pre-
natt-
butt
di..
nee.

i.ii

:;iul

CAiTAlN WALtll

Itnee whiUl it was filling ; but To fir was this from
having the proner tffie&, that the iflanders made a
prise of the caflcs, and thofc at fome diftanco from
the watering-place, went forward with all expedition,
in order to keep pace with the canoes, which rowed
along very fwiftly. At the fame time a number of
women and children took their ftation on a hill,
vhich commanded a profpedl of the (hipping. I'hc
canoes drawing near that part of the bay where the
veflel was at anchor, took in many from the fliore
who were laden with bags filled with ftones. I'hen
they rowed towards the (hip, on which orders were given
to (ire on the iirll party that approached in the canoes,
which being done, the Indians made off frightened
and aftoni(hed. Capuin Wallis being now refolved
that this adion (hould put an end to all difputes, in-
cenfed at the behaviour of the natives, commanded
his people to fire (irft into the wood, and afterwards
towards the hill, whither the iflanders had retreated ;
when (inding at what adiftance the guns could reach
them, they difperfed and difappeared.

After this, the boats were (ent out, a ftrong guard
being appointed to attend the carpenters, who, accord-
ing to orders, deftroyed all the Indian canoes which
could be met with. At length a fmall party of the
natives came to the beach, (luck up fome fmall
branches of trees, as if for tokens, and then retreated
to the woods ; however they came again, and brought
fome hogs and dogs with their legs tied, which they
left on the (hore, together with a quantity of fuch
cloth as they wore, all which thev made figns to the
Ailors to take away. On this, a boat was difpatched.
which conveyed the hogs on board, but left behind the
o^raiticles; hatchets and nails were alfo depofited
on the beach in return for thefe prefents, but the In-
dians would by no means accept them till the cloth
was taken away.

A party being employed in (illing water on the 27th
of this month, the old Indian was feen on the oppo-
fite fide of the river. After having delivered an ora-
tion in his manner, he came over, when the officer
referred him to the bags and (hines which had been
brought down, and ufed his endeavours to convince
him that the Engli(h in the late aflion had a£led only
from motives of felf-defence. The old man, how-
ever feemed to think his countrymen much aggrieved,
and withereatopennefs intimated his opinion. How-
ever m Im he fumved himfelf to be reconciled, (hook
hands with the lieutenant, and accepted fome pre-
&nts from him. It was then hinted to him that it
would be beft (or the people of the idand to appear
only in fmall parties for the future, with which t. rr..s,
the Indian appeared fatisfied, and an advantageous
traffic was afterwards e(hbli(hed with the natives.

Matters beine thus fettled, the fick were fent on
fltore, and were lodged, under the care of the furgcon,
in tents near the watering place. This gentleman
Aooting awildduck, it dropped on the oppofite fide
of the river, in the piefence of fome Indians, who
fled direAly ( but ftopping within a (hort fpace, one
•f them was at laft perfuaded to brine the duck over,
which he laid at the furgeon's fiwt, but, at the fame
time, the agitation of his mind was vifible in his
countenance. Three ducks were killed by a fecond
fliot, and the natives were by this time pottttttA with
fiich a notion of the eSe&i of (ire-arms, as whilfl it
raifed their admiration, was fuppofed to contribute in
a great meafure to their good behaviour towards the
Englifh durias their (hiy in thefe parts, though there
night be another reafon affigned for this before their
departure, as will be apparent in the fequel.

Xhe gunner was now appointed to manage all affairs
•f trade betwaen the Indians and the failors, in order
to prevent quarrelling and pilfering. This was a ju-
dicious choice I tht natives fometimes ftole certain
trifles, but immediate reftitution was made on the
ii^tof agun. Befides, the old Indian made himfelf
very ferviccable in recovering any thin? that might
have been taken away. In particular, an Indian fwam
«ne day over the river, and pilfered « hatchet, on

Vot. I. N« 14.

which the gunner making preparation;;, as if he mciint
to go in (earch of hin, the gooils were rcftorcd by
the old man's means, and theofTciider was nlfo deli-,
vered up to the gunner. Thi ugh he had coirmittcd
other robberies, yet the captain dil'chargcd him ; ond
all his piinifhment conn{h.-d In his terriblu apprchcn-
fions. Being reftorcil to his countrytncn, he was con-
duiSed to the woods in the miuA of their (liouts of ap-
plaufc. I'his man had the gratitude to brin^aroafled
nog and fome bread fruit to the gunncrncxt day, as an
acknowledgement for the lenity (hewn him.

The captain, firft lieutenant, and purfcr, were at
this time very ill ; fo that the charge of the ycfTel, and
the caro of the fick, were committed to the fccond
lieutenant, who difcharged his duty with zeal and
fidelity; and fruit, fowls, and frcfh pork, were pro-
cured in fuch plenty that at the end of fourteen
(lays almoft every man had pcrt'cAly rccovLtcd his.
health.

A piece of falt-pctre, of the fi/.e of a fmall egg,
was found on the 25th on the (here ; but whether it,
was brought from the (hip, or not, could not be.
learned, after the moA diligent enquiry i but liow-
ever, no other piece was found. On the 2d of July,
they began to want fruit and freilx meat, owing to the
abfence of the old Indian, but they had {(ill a fufE>
cient fupply for the fick. On the 3d, the (hip's bot-
tom was examined, uhen its condition was found to;
be nearly the fame as when (he left Englaml. This
day a (hark was caught, which proved :.ii accep-
table prelent to the natives. The old Indian, who
had vifited the interior parts of tlie iHand in quell of
provifions, returned on the 5th, and brought with
him a roafted hog as a prcfcnt fur the captain, who in
return, gave him a looking-glafs, an iron pot, &c<
His return wasfoon followed by Tome of the natives,
who had never yet vifited the market, and who brought
fome hogs that were larger than any yet purcbafcd.

Another fort of traffic was now cftablidied between
the Indian girls and the Tailors. I'he price of a fe-
male's favours waS a nail or two ; but as the feamen
could not always get at the nails, they drew them out
of feveral parts of the (hip ; nor could the offenders
be difcovered by the ftrideft enquiry. The damage
done to the velTel might have been cafily repiircd ; but
a worfc confequence arofe from this traffic ; for on the
gunner's oflering fmall nails for hogs, the Indians
produced large fpikes, demanding fuch as thofe. Some
of the men made ufe of a particular device to gratify
their palBons ; for when they could procure no more
nails, they cut lead into the (hape of them, and paficd
thofe pieces on their unfufpeAing paramours. When
the Indians difcovered the fraud, they demanded nails
for the lead ; but this juft demand could not be grant-
ed, becaufe it would have promoted the dealing of
lead, and likewife injured the traffic with iron. In
confequence of their conne£iion with the uomen*
the failors became fo impatient of contioul, that the
articles of war were read, to awe them into obedience }
and a corporal of marines was fcverely puniflied, for
ftriking the matter at arms. The captain's health
being nearly reftored, he went in his boat to furvey
the ifland, which he found extremely delightful, and.
every where Well peopled.

On the 8th, the wood-cutters were entertained in
a friendly manner by certain Indians, who feemed to
be of a rank above tho(e, they had yet feen, and fomo
of thefe vifiting the captain, belaid before them a thirty.,
fix-fhilling piece, a guinea, a crown-piccc, a dollar,
fome (hillings, fome new half-pence, and two largo
nails, intimating that they might take their choice,
when they eagerly leized the nails, and then took a
few half-pence, but left all the other pieces un^
touched.

The Indians now refufed to fupply the market, un.»
lefs they could get large nails in exchange ; the cap-
tain therefore ordered the (hip to be fearchcl, uhcn it
was found that almolt all the hammock-nails were
(h)len, and great numbers drawn from different places ;
on which every man was ordered before the captain :
T t '^ wh<.

'767

J I

»J«

THE VOYAGE O t

1767 wHo told thrm, that not a man fliould go en ihore
* » ^ till the thiirvcs were difcovercd ; but no good confu-
qucnce arofe from his threats, at that time.

Three days after this, the gunner conducted to the
(hip a lady of an agreeable face, and portly mein,
Cantiin Wat- ^^°^^ *& feemcd to be upwards of forty. This lady
liVs mccMne ' ^'^^ butlately arrived in that part of the ifland, and
Willi tiic the gunner obfcrving that (he feemed to have great
■(jccn. authority, prefented her with fome toys ; on which

(he invited him to her houfe, and gave him fome fine
hoes. She was afterwards tiilccn on board, at her own
dcttrc. Her whole behaviour (hewed her to be a wo-
man of fine fenfe and fupcrior rank ; the captain pre-
fented her with a looking-glafs and fome toys, and
gave her a handfomc blue mantle, which he tied round
ncr with ribbands. As (he then intimated that (he
(hould be glad to fee him on (hore, he fignificd his in-
tention of vifiting her the next day. Accordingly,
on Saturday the 12th, Captain Wallis went on (hore,
where (he met him, attended by a numerous reti-
nue, fome of whom (he dirc£ied to carry the captain,
and others who had been ill, over the river, and from
thence to her habitation, and the proccfTion was
clofed by a guard of marines and fcamen. As tlicy
advanced, a great number of Indians crowded to fee
them i but, on a (light motion of her hand, they made
room for the proceilion to pafs. When they drew near
her dwelling, many perfons of both fcxcs advanced to
meet her, whom (he caufed to Icifs the captain's hand,
while (he fignificd that they were related to her.
Her houfe was 320 feet in length, and about 40 in
breadth. The roof, which was covered with the
leaves of palm-tree, was fupportcd by a row of pil-
lars on eacli fide, and another in the middle. The
higheft part of the thatch on the infute, was 30 feet
from the ground, and' the fpacc between the fides of
the building and the edge of the roof, which was
about 12 feet, was left open.

The captain, lieutenant, and purfcr, being (rated,
the lady helped four of her femnle attendants to pull
off the gcntlemens coats, (hoes, and (lockings, which
was aukwardly performed ; the girls howevtr fmoothed
down the (kin, and rubbed it lightly with their hands
for more than half an hour. The furgeon, being
heated with walking, having pulled oft' his wig, one
of the Indians fcrcamcd out, and the eyes of the whole
company were inftantly fixed on the wonderful fight,
and they remained for fome time fixed in furpriie.
After this, the queen ordered fcvcral bales of cloth to
be brought out, which were the produce of the coun-
try, wliich were now dcftiiied f<ir the drefs of the
captain and his attendants. It was intended that
the Captain (hould be carried as he had been before,
but as he refufed the offer, the queen walked arm in
arm with him, and lifted him like an infant overfuch
wet and dirty places as they came to in their way.
She gave him a fow big with young, and took her
leave whrn fhe had attended him to the beach. The
gui::ur b>jii^ difpatchcd to wait on her the next day
with a prefent of bill-hooks, hatchets, Sec. found
her bufied in entertaining fome hundreds of the In-
dians who were regularly feated round her. She or-
dered a mefs to be provided for the gunner, which he
found to be very agreeable, and fuppofed to be fowls
and apples cut fmall, and mixed with fait water. The
provifions which were diflribtited by the queen, were
ferved in cocoa (hells, which her Icrvants brought in a
(brt of trays. This lady took her feat fomewhat
above the reft of the company, and when they were
fupplieJ, was fed by two women fervants, (landing
on each (ide of her.

It was obferved that (he received the captain's pre-
knti with an air of great fatisfa<£tiun, and the fupply
of provifions brought to market was now greater than
ever, but the piiccs were raifcd, in a great meafure

* On cli* loili one of tlic failori wat fcntcncct) co luo ihe

viuntlct three timci round the deck, while the crew whipped

hiB with nettlci. This puniOimenc (which lioweirer u:ai not

ttjl (ncttlj infii£lc(l by die nica) wis uidcird un account of

owing to the commerce between the EngHfh (camen
and the women of theilland, of wliich w« have taken
notice } (or which rcafon, befide* the orders given *or
rellraining the people belonging to the crew from go-
ing on (hore, it was alfo thought proper to prohibit
any women from paffing the river.

On the 14th of this month, the gunner being on
(liore, difcovered a woman on the oppofitc fide of the
river, who feemed to be weeping in a mod piteous
manner. Perceiving that he leemed to take notice of
her apparent diflrels, (he li;nt a youth to him, who
having made a long oration, laid a branch of plan-
tain at his feet, after which he went to fetch the wo-
man, and alfo brought two hogs with him. The
youth now made a long fpeech, and, in the end, tlie
aunner was given to underfland that her hulband and
three of her fons, had been killed when the Englilh
(ired on the Indians as above related. She (ell fpecch-
lefs on the ground after (he had told her tale of woe,
and two lads that attended her, feemed alfo to be much
a(re£led. 7'he gunner feeing her diftreiTed fituation
endeavoured to confolc her, and at lad (he became a
little calmer, offered him her hand, and dire£le<l the
hogs to be given him, nor would (he accept any thing
in return for her prefent. A large party rowed round
the ifland in their boats on the 1 5th, in order to take a
view of it, and to purchafe provifions. Returning,
thev brought with them a number of hogs and fowlsi
and fome cocoa-nuts. They found the ifland to be
pleafant, and abounding with the neccfTaries of life,
and faw a great number of canoes, fevcral of which
were not quite finifhed. The natives tools were
formed of bones, (lones, and (hells. No other four-
footed bcafls but dogs and hogs, were feen. The in-
habitants ate all their meat either baked or roafted, as
thev neither had any ve(rcl wherein water could be
boiled, nor feemed to entertain an idea that it could
be heated by (ire fo as to anfwcr any ufeful purpoTc.
One morning, when the lady we have mentioned was
at brenkfafl, an Indian that attended her having ob-
ferved the cock of an urn turned, to fill a tea-pot, he
alfo turned the cock, when the fcalding water falling
upon his hand, he cried out and jumped about the
cabin, while the Indians were equally furprifed and
terrified at the ciraumdance. The Captain received
another vifit from the queen on the 17th, and the
fame day a great quantity of provifions was purchafad
of fome of the natives, whom the Eoglifh had never
before dealt with. The next day the queen repeated
her vifit, and made the captain a prefent of two hogs,
and the malkr attending her home, (he doathed him
in the drefs of the country, as (he had dona the cap-
tain and his retinue. 1 heir provifions received an
increafeon the 19th, by the gunner's fending on board
a number of hogs and pigs, and abundance of fowls
and fruits which he had purchafed in the country.
At this time an order was made that none of the failors
(hould be allowed to go on (hore, except tho(e that
were appointed to procure wood, water, or other ne-
cefTaries. •

On the it& the queen came again to vifit Captain
Wallis and prefented him with fome hogs. She like-
wife invited the captain to her houfe who attended
her home with fome of his officers. She tied wreaths
of plaited hair round their hats, and on the captain's
(he put a tuft of feathers of various colours, by way
of diflindlion. She came back with them as far a*
the water-fide on tlieir return and ordered fome pre*
fents to be put into the boat at their departure. Cap.i
tain Wallis having intimated before they put oft',
that he (hould leave the ifiand in fcven days time, (be
made figns that (he wifhed him to (lay twenty days }
but he relocating his rcfolution, (he burfted into a
flood of tears.

The velTcl was fo well Rated with hogs and poul-

•^^^

hit hairinf; drawn nails froni the Slip ; and it WM thought pro-
per to prevent this praAice lor the future, by hinderiiig iti* fea-
incn from going on ihore, and tlicrcby removing toe tciopta-

liuo.

CAPTAIN WALLIS.

'59

try, that the decks were covered with them, and u
the men were more inclined to eat fruit than meat,
they were Icillcd farter than had been intended. • The
captain prefented hit friend the old Indian with fome
cloth and other articles, and fent a number of things
to the queen, among which were a cat with kitten,
turkie*, gecfc, hens, and fcverai forts of garden feeds.
This compliment was returned by a prefcnt of fruit
and hogs. Peafe and other European feeds were fowcd
here, and the captain ftaid long cnouch to fee them
come up, and to oofervc that they were Rkcly to thrive
in the country.

A party was fent on (hore on the a5th in order to
examine the country, and a tent was erected for the
purpofe of obfcrving an cclipfe of the fun. When it
was ended, the captain took his tclcfcope to the queen,
who Ihewcd a furprife fcarccly to be cxprcflcd, on dif-
covering feveral obicAs with which (he was well ac-
quainted, but which were too diftant to be feen with-
out the help of a glafs. He afterwards invited
her and her retinue to come on board the fliip,
where an elegant dinner was prepared, of which all
but the queen ate heartily ; but (he would neither cit
nor drink. On the return of the party from their ex-
curfion, the queen was landed with her train. The
captain ftill keeping in the fame mind as to the time
of his departure, (he wept again on being informed
•f his refolution.

The party fent out this'dav, reported, That on their
firft landing they calletl on the old Indian, and took
him into tncir company, walking fume on one fide
of the river, and fome on the other, till the ground
rifing almoft perpendicular, they were all obliged to
walk on one fide. On the borders of. the valley
through wliich the river flowed, the foil was black
and there were fcverai houfcs with wailed gardens,
and plenty of fowls and hogs. In many places chan-
nels were cut to conduct the water from the hills to
the plantations. No underwood was found beneath
the trees, but there was good grafs ; the bread-fruit
and apple-trees were fct in rows upon the hills, and
the cocoa-nut grew open the level ground. The
ftreams now meandered through various windings, and
the crags of mountains hung over the travellers heads.
When they had walked about four miles they refted,
and began their brcakfaft under an apple tree. At
this time they were alarmed by a loud (hout from a
number of natives. On this they were going to be-
take themfelvcsto their arms, but the old Indian made
figns that they (hould fit ftill. He then went to his
countrymen, and it was prcfcntly obfcrved that they
became filent and withdrew. They afterwards re-
turned, bringing with them fome tcfrc/hmcnts, in
exchange for which they received buttons and other
trifles from the lieutenant. The party then pro-
ceeded, looking every where for metals and ores, but
found nothing of that fort worth attending to. And
now the old Indian being tired, gave his Engli(h com-
panions to underftand that he was dcflrous of returning ;
but he did not leave them till he had given dirc6lions
to the Indians to clear the way over a mountain.
After his departure his countrymen cut branches from
the trees, and laid them in a ceremonious manner at
the feet of the feanien ; they then painciid themfelves
red with the berries of a tree, and flaiiicd their gar-
ments yellow wi'h the bark of another. By the af-
fiftnncc of thcfc people, the moft difficult parts of the
mountains were climbed, and they again rcfre(hcd
themfelves at its fummit, when they faw other moun-
tains fo much above them, that they fccined as in a
valley.

Towards the fea the profpeft was inexprcflibly
beautiful, the fides of the hills bemg covered with
Uees, ami the vallics with crafs, while the whole
country was interfpcrlcd with villages. They faw
but few houfcs on the mountains above their, but as

♦ A boar «n<l fow of tliis kinJ were fent over and prefcnteil
to Mr. Stephens, feciciat)i (o the Ailiiiralty, the latter of
which died m raiiuwng.

1767

fmoke was obferved in many places, it was conjec-
tured, that the higheft were inhabited. Many fprings
gu(hed from the fides of the mountains, all of which
were covered with wood on the fides and with fern on
the fummit. The foil even on the high land was
rich, and the fugar cane grew without cultivation j
as did likewifc turmeric and ginger.

Having a third time refre(hcd themfelves, they de- Captain W.it-
fccnded towards the (hip, ocCafionally deviating from lit pitnarcs 10
thcdircAway, tempted by the plcalant fituation of l««ve Otahiie.
fcverai houfcs, the inhabitants of which entertained
therii in the moft hofpitable manner. They law par-
rots, parroquets, green doves, and ducks. Thelieu*
tenant planted the (tones of cherries, peaches and

filumbs, feveral kinds of garden feeds, and oranges,
emons and limes. In the aftertlnon they rerted on a
delightful fpot, where the inhabitants drcflcd them
two hogs and feveral fowls. Here they (laid till even-
ing, when they rewarded the diligence of their guides,
and repaired to the (hip.

On the 26th, the captain was vifitcd by the queen
with her ufual prefents, and this day they di (con-
tinued taking in wood and water, and prepared for
failing. A greater number of Indians now came to
the fea-(horc, than they had ever yet feen ; and of
thefe feveral appeared to be pcrfons of conlequcncc.
In the afternoon the queen vidtcd Captain Wnllif,
and folicitcd him to remain ten Jays longer ; but being
informed that he (hould certainly fail on the following
day, (he burft into tears. She now demanded when
he would come again, and was told in 50 days ; (he
remained on board till evening, when bein^ informed
that the boat waited for her, (he wept with more vio-
lence than (he had yet done. At length th's afFeftion*
ate woman went over the (hip's fide, as a'A the old
Indian who had been fo ferviceable to the crew This
man had figniiied that his fon (hould fail wiih the
captain ; but when the time came the youth was not
to be found, from whence it was concluded that pa-
rental afl^cftion had caufed the old man to forfeit hie
word. The next morning early two boats were fent
to fill a few cafks of water ; but the o(Hcer, alarmed
at finding the (hore crowded with the natives, prepared
to return. This occafioned the queen to come forward,
who ordered the Indians to retire to the other fide
of the river, after which (he made figns for the boats
to come on (hore. While they were"'filling the water
(he ordered fome prefents to be put into the boat, and
earneftly defircd to go once more to the (hip, but the
officer being ordered not to bring ofF a Cngle native,
(he ordered her double canoe out, and was followed
by many others. When (he had been on board for
an hour, weeping and lamenting, the £ngli(h took
advantige of a fre(h breeze j and mt under hi\. She
now embraced the captain and officers, and left the
(hip i but as the wind fell, the canoes put back, and
reached the (hip again, to which the queen's was
matle fa(V, and advancing to the bow of it (he there
renewed her lamentations. Captain Wallis prefented
her with feveral articles of ufe and ornament, all
whicji (he received in mournful filence. The breeze
'prilling up again, the queen and her attendants took
their final leave, and tears were (hed on both fides.

The place where the (hip had lain at anchor, was
called Port Royal Harbour, and is fituate in 17° 30*
offouthlat. and 150° of weft long.

The following are the particulars of Captain Cufioms and
Wallis's farther account of cuftoms, manners, &c. of n,,^,^^
the people of Otaheite. With regard to their (lature
he fays, the men are from five feet frven to five (eet
ten inches high, the ftandard of the women, in genc«
ral, near three inches (horter, the talleft among them
being about five feet fevcn inches, they were moftly
handibme, and fome of them are dcfcribed as being
really beautiful. The complexion of fuch of the
men as are much emploj-ed on the water is reddi(h,
but their natural colour is what is called tawny. The
colour of their hair is not like that of the Eaft Indians
3«d Americans, black, but k diverfified like that of
the Europeans, having among them black, brown,
• 7 red

.mannersot'in

■■^'

16«

1767

r tit VOYAGE OP

red and flaxen, mod of the childrrn being remarked
for ilie latter. When it is left loofe, it has a Itrong
natural curl ; but they arc accuftomed to tic it in
two hunches, one on each fide of the head, or in a
lingle one in the middle. Thvy anoint their heads
with cocoa-nut oil, mixed with a fragrant fnictling
root.

The females, as has been mentioned, have not the
idea of rhaftity's being a virtue, but the beauty of
their perfons generally hxes the price of their charms.
If a man offered a girl to a feaman, he (hewed a (lick
«f the fiie of the nail which was to be given for the
gratification of the Engli(hman's deflres.

Two pieces of cloth, which bear fome rcfemblance
to China paper, form their apparel ; in one of thefe
a hole is made for the head to pafs through, and this
hangs to the middle of the leg : the whole is wrapped
round the body, and forms a drapery which is not in-
elegant. The cloth is made of the bark of a tree ;
tnS their ornaments condft of pearls, (hells, flowers,
and feathers.

The hinder parts of the thighs and loins of both
fcxef are marked with black lines in dilTecent forms,
which is ciFeAed by forcing the teeth of an inftru-
ment through the Ikin, and then rubbing foot and
and oil into the holes fo made. There were fome of
the men who fccmcd to be of rank among them, that
had their legs marked, but neither boys nor girls under
the age of twelve years had this ceremony performed
upon them.

One of the queen's attendants who took great plea-
iure in imitating the Engli(b, was prcfcnted with a
fuit of the lieutenant's cloaths, in which he looked
very-well. The officers being carried on (hore by
the Indians, becaufe it was Ihoal-watcr at the land-
ing place ; this man was cat'ried in the fame manner,
rciolving not to be out of the fa(hion. It was laugh-
able enough to obferve his firft attempts to make ufe
of a knife and fork, his hand going to his mouth
regulaily enough, while the fork retained the meat
which he intended to fwallow.

The people of Otaheite eat doe's fle(h, bcfides fi{h
and the articles already, mentioned. Of the common
method of drefling their food, we have the following
account : Having made a (ire by rubbing two drv
flicks together, thev dig a pit which they pave with
ftoncs, and put their (ire in it. Thefe (tones being
well heated, they clear away the a(hes, and having
]aid green leaves of the cocoa-nut at the bottom of
the pit, they put in their meat, wrapped up in plan-
tain leaves, and cover it over with the hot a(hcs, on
which they alfo place a layer of the bread-fruit wrap-
ped up in the (amt manner : thefe again they cover
with the embers intermixed with hot (tones, and clofe
the whole with a covering of earth. In this manner
a fmall hogmay be dre(red whole, but a large one ir cut
in two. This method of drefling. Captain Wallis
found perfcAly agre<:able to his palate, and thought it
excelled any oiat he had ever known before. It ap-
pears t? be nearly the fame with that which was faid
to be ufed by the Iri(h (efjKcially their militia) at an
early period of their hiftory. The fauces which the
Indians ufed were fruit and fait water, and thev had
no other knives but fuch as were made of fliells.
When they faw meat boiled they were amazed, hav-
ing, as before obferved, no idea of heating water ;
the captain, however, gave the queen and her chiefs
fome iron pots, which brouLht them into ufe, and the
old Indian generally boiled bis meat. Their only
liquor is water.

The Englifh concluded from the fears which they

perceived on the bodies of thefe Indians, that they

Were not without their wars, and it appeared that they

were not icnorant of furgery. •

Several Iheds were ob(ervcd upon the ifland, on the

* One of ilie failort htvinK ruB a fplinter into lilt footi his
mcfTmate tried in rain to extra£t>it with l>is pen-knife, wliich
•DC of tlie nativci olifciving, foimcd an ioflrumeot out at »

outfide of which wtre polh (ixid in the ground,
whereon wtre the refemblances of human cieutiiria
as well as of dogs and hogs. The area incloltd was
paved with broad (tones, the grafs growing between
them i tiic natives entering thefe inclorurci with an
appearance of forrow, they were judged to be the
burial-places of their anceftors. Captain Wallis dif- t*

covered no traces of religious wor(hip among theft
iflanders. The arms of the inhabitants were bow» and
arrows, clubs, and flings for (tones, as we have al-
ready mentioned. With regard to their navigation,
they had three kinds of canoes ; one made of a fingle
tree, in which thev go out to fifh, another made of
pknks fewed together, and large enough to hold ao
or 30 men , in which they fail round the ifland and
come home laden with fruits } and a third fort noc
unlike the gondolas of Venice, and which they ufed
when they failed on parties of pleafure. They make
a proccffion in thefe two or three times a week, witfc
(Ireamcrs (lying, attended bv the fmaller canoes, their
countrymen crowding the (nores to view them. They
are arrayed in their beft garments on thefe occafion!,
and while fome are under a large awning others Rtf
upon it. On the prow of each vefTel two men lie
habited in red, but white is the drefs of the ftcerf-
man.

The ifland is irprefented by our voyagers as one of
the moft pleafant in the world. The air is pure, th* _^ ,

country abounds in wood and herbage. It harbour;
no venomous animals. The fouth-ealt parts wliicli
produced abundance of fruit, were the befl pcoplcJ
of any place on the ifland.

From this harbour the Dolphin failed on the 27th
of July, and pafTed by the Dui' of Tt^k's IflaniL
and on the 28th difcovered land, which they called
Sir Charit! Suundtrs's IJhnd. There were but few in-
habitants there, who lived in huts, and the cocoa-
nut and other trees grow along the (hore.

They made land again on the 30th day of the month,' , , ,
which they ciWed Ztrti Hmi's l/land; coming aft^r{j°'_;' "<•"••
wards to fome very dangerous (hoals, they gave
them the appellation of Scilly Iflands, from the re- Scilly Uand.
femblancethey bore to that rocky part of Britain.

They now fleered wedward, and came within fight
oftwoifles, one of which they denominated Jt>/>/>c/'j, Kenpel's tod
and the other Bofiawtn'i IJlanJ, They difcovered B'>i'««'">'»
feveral inhabitants on the former, but (leered towards*""'"**
the latter, as they thought its appearance more pro-
mifing i but fome breakers at a confiderable diftanci
from the land prevented their attempting to anchor
there. The boats being fent to the ifland brought tw4
fowls befides cocoa-nuts and other fruit. TheOflicet
who was fent, obferved that the inhabitants fomewhat
rcfembled thofe of Otabtite. Some of them had ven>
tured into the boat, but foon jumped out and fwani
back again. Thefe people were drefTcd in a fort of
matting, and were remarkable for having the joint*
of their little (ingcrs cut o(r. Finding no convenient
watering-place here, and theve(rel havingrcceived fuch
damages as rendered it unfafie for her to encounter a
rough fea. Captain Wallis refolved to fleer for Tinian,
to fail from thence to Batavia, and (b return by way, .
of the Cape of Good hope to England. On this ac-
count, he pafTed by this ifland, of which we have no
farther account than it appeared to be well inhabited^
and was of a circular figure.

Land was again difcovered on the i6th of Augu(l,ta
which theoflicers gave the name of fra/lii's l/Iand. The WalUt^
coafl of it is very rocky, and the trees grow almoft to IflaniL
the water edge. The natives wore no covering but a
fort of mat, which each of them had about the waift,
and they all carried large clubs, two of which the
boat's crew purchafed. Thefe favagcs endeavoured
to (leal the cutter, by hauling her upon the rocks }
but a gun being fired clofe to tne face of one of them, -

tbej

Sanl
Smf
I.«4

Ihell with hit leeth with wliich he prclently extracted it, and the
old Indian applied fome of the gum of the applc-tre* to the
wound, which ia two dayi wai liealed.

CAPTAIN W A L L I S.

i6i

I Honrt'*

111.

If Iflud.

ipcl's in4

:>wcat

vlt.

Sanitv Ifland,
Small Kcyaiul
l.un^ Iflanil.

land.

fhcy ■retreated with precipitation. Obfcrving the boats
on their return to the Ihip, to be much hindered by
loints of rocks, the Indians followed them, but rowed
ack »gain, as foon as they faw them in deep water,
Though no fort of metal was fccn on any of thcfe
new-difcovcrcd iflands, yet as foon as the natives pro-
cured a piece of iron, they began endeavouring to
iharpcn it, ai\d were not obfervcd to do the fame either
to brafs or copper.

From hence they failed to the north-weft, and ob*
ferved a great number of birds flying about tlie fhips
on the 28th. Having caught oneofthem, it was ob-
fervcd to be wcb-footed, but in every other particular
it rcfembled a dove. They faw land on the 3d of
September, which they fuppofed to be two of the
Pifcadores. 'I'he f.ime day an Indian praw anproached
the veilel, on which they hoifted Spanifti colours, but
flie flopped at two miles diftance. They faw fcveral
birds on tlic 9th ; on the i8th they made the ifland of
Saypan, and foon after that of Tinian, at which lat-
ter they came to an anchor the next day.

The boats were now fcnt on fhorc, and returned in
due time, laden with cocoa-nuts, oranges, and limes,
when the fick were fcnt onlhore, where tents were pro-
vided for their reception. The carpenter's cheft, and
the fmith's forge were alfo landed, and the captain
and tirft lieutenant, who Hill continued ill, went on
Ihorc, as did alio a party of men to hunt for cattle,
who prefently cnuglit a young bull of great weight,
and found bread-fruit in great plenty, as well as
oranges and limc!. Thefe hunting expolitions, how-
ever, were rendered fo fatiguing, by going through
thickets for many miles, that one party was ordered
to relieve another. In the mean time, the fccond
lieutenant being fent to refidc in the northern quarter
of the iflanti, where they judged cattle to be moft
plcmiful, a boat was fcnt every day to bring ofFwhat
he caught. Thus, at length, they fupplied thcm-
fclves with beef, pork, and poultry, and all fuch fryits
atiJ refreftiments as Commodore Anfon met with
when he touched at this place.

They left Tinian on the 15th of Oftober, their
fick being recovered, and direfled their courfe to
the wcflward. On the 21ft and 2id they faw fe-
veril gannets, and on tlic 23d a violent ftorin arofc,
whilcThc (hip made more water than (lie had ever done
before. 'IMiis bad weather was accompanied by thun-
der, lightning, rain, and a fea fo violent, as to wafh
overboard many heavy things, and even to break the
iron-work of the gunwale. It did not abate till the
S/th, when they once more faw the fun, and the next
d.iy the weather grew more moderate. They loft one
man at this time, vvlio, as it was generally fuppofcd,
had taken too much liquor and fallen overboard.

They difcovcrcd three iflands on the 3d of Novem-
ber, to which they gave the names 01 Sandy IJlanil,
Smati Kty, and Long IJland j and the next day they faw
.another, which Captain Wallis called Nnv fjland.
All thefe lay,by account, in the lothdeg. of fouthlat.
and 24 7" of weft' long. They kept on their courfe till
the 8th, when it was altered, and the inferior officers
and men delivered up the log and journal books of the
voyage. On the 13th they law the iflands of Timoan,
Arns, and Pefaiig. They crolTed the equinoctial line
on the i6th, and came again into fouth latitude.

The next day they faw I'ulo Totd, and Pulo Wefte,
[Pulo as we have before obfervcd, fignifies an ifland]
and had fight of the feven iflands foon after. The fol-
lowing night W.1S extremely tempeftuous, and fodark
that, except by the flafhes of lightning, they coulf!
not iee acrofs the (hip. One of thefe flafhes, how-
ever, afforded them fo much light as to perceive a
vcflcl of coiilideralilc fi/.c, which was almoft aboard
them, brforo (he was di (covered'; but as the ftorm
w.is too loij.! fur thenj to hear each other, they could
Vol.. I. N-15.

* W'liitc tliey lay at andior there, one of tlic failorf fell from
tlic mainvaiil into tin Iwrnr, whicli was .ilonj;Hilc tlic (hip, aail
tlircw down two others, one of wliom was fo much bruifcd,

not difcovcr whence flic came, nor to what nation (he
belonged. Thi» was the hrlt (liip they had kai Inaa
their icparation from the Swallow floop. Piilo Taya
was difcovered the next n, .ning, nt.ir «hich they
came loan anchor in the evening. The fucccedini;
morning they failed, but the currtiitocciCioning them
to lofc way that evening alio, they anchored again.
They loft an anchor the next day, the cable being cut
away by the rocks.

'1 hey made the coaft of Sumatra, on the 22d, and
came to anchor in the road of Batavia on the 31I of
November. The captain faluted the Dutch governor,
the next day with 13 guns which compliment was re-
turned with an additional gun ; and beef, vegclahlis,
and other neccfl'aries were foon fupplied, permiflioij
having been obtained for that purpofe. At this time,
however, it was thought prop. 1 to threaten with
puniftiment any of the crew that (hguld briiiii; liquor
on board. None were fufteted to leave the (hip but
fuch as were called on (hore by their duty, and even
thcfe were not allowed to enter the to.\n, to prevent
the ill conlcquences which might arife from the im-
moderate ufe of the Batavia arrack.

The Falmouth (hip of war was now lying in the Ti'
road in a moft (battered condition. '1 he warrant ' •i
oflicers of this (hip fcnt a petition to Captain Wallis,
on the 5th of December, wherein they fet forth.
That the Dutch had caufed tlitir powder to be
thrown into the fea j that the gunr.cr w;:; Jcau j that
their misfortunes had deprived the boatluain of his
fenfes, who was then a lunatic in the Dutch hofpital ;
that his ftores were all fpoilcd \ that the rook had
been wounded, and remained a cripple; and that the
carpenter was near death." On thife accounts, they
intreated that the captain would give them a palFagu
to England, or at leaft difmifs them from the fliip.
But they received for anfwer that neither of thele re-
quelis could bo granted, for as they had taken charge
of ftores, they mulV wait for orders from England.
In their reply to this they obfervecl, " That they had
not received a (ingle order fince their being left in the
Batavia road ; that they had ten years pay due, and
would rather go home (weepers than remain in thai:
wretched fituation ; that they were never permitted
to flecp on (hore, and when they were fick, no pcrfon
had the humanity to attend them ; that the Malays
frequently robbed them, and that they expeifted no-
thing but deftrudion from thofe people, as they had
burned the Siam prize not long before the arrival of
the Dolphin." AH they could obtain from the cap-
tain, in alleviation of theie diltreft'cs, was that he would
make their cafe known in England.

Several neccflary ftores being now wanted. Captain
Wallis went on (hore, with a dcfign of providing
them, but when he attempted to treat with the Dutch,
their demands were fo high that he did not think it
prudent to comply with them, but dctennined to do-
part, and accordingly failed on the 8th of December,
without lofmg a (ingle man, and having only two
fick on board. But on the nth the fliip's company
were vifitcd by the flux, which proved a great afflic-
tion. On the 12th they faw the coaft of Java, where
there were a number of lights placed, as it was fup-
pofcd, in order to decoy the fifh and bring them near
thcfhore. They came to an anchor oftPrincc's Ifland
on the 14th, where they took in wood and water, and
purchafed turtle, poultry, and other rcfrcfhmcnts, and
remained till the 20th *. They buried three men
here, and befides the flu. , many were feized with a
putrid fever, the nature of which latter diforder ren-
dered it dangerous to .ittciul the fick. The (hip at
this time made four feet water in three hours, and thus
they proceeded on their voyage till the loth of Janu-
ary, wlK-n the ficknefs began to abate. They were
attacke<l by a violent tcmpcft on the 24th, which tore
U u their

that lie expired in four days, the other had only his toe lirnkcn.
The man that f.U was tcrriLily hruifeJ, and broke fevcral ot his
bones.

I -'7

llr.isiif llic
tgulh.

■ .^,sa.i.sui!^s,-

1«1

1768

THE VOYAGE OK

thrirfaiNt carried five of their boom* overboard, and
broke » rudder chain. It was remiirlivblc that feverni
hirdn and butterflies were fcen during the continuance
vl' tliis ftorm. They faw lund on the toth, and on the
4th of February anchored in Table-Bay, at the Capv
of Ciood Hope.

Tlie captain having faluted the governor and the
vefleU in the harbour, and the falutc being ttiurned,
frcfli meat and vegetables were fent for, and obtain-
ed, to the great refrefliinrnt of the crew. Orders
were likewile given the furgcon to endeavour to pro-
cure lodgings on (hore for the Tick ; but the rate do
manded was fu exorbitant at the fame time that the
I'mall pox made great havock, that the captain, with
pcrmiflion of the governor, erected tents on a plain
about two miles dillant from the town, and the Tick
were foon after fent on fiiore.

Stridi orders were given that no ftrong liquors fliould
be brought into thole tents, but extra provifions were
procured for thofe that were moft weakened by fick-
nefs, and none were permitted to enter the town.
In the mean time all thole that were able to labour, were
fct about refitting tlie fliip, a ncceflary work, which
was almoft finiftied by the loth of February. The
orders were now in lome meafure relaxed, as, after
this time, many of the (hip's company that had had
the fmall-pox were allowed to vifit the town, and the
others made country excurfions, which were likely to
contribute to the prefervation of their health. As to
the captain, he was dill ill, and all the time thefliip
remained here, he rcfided at a country iioufe fomc miles
diftant from the (horc. Here thufe neceflaries which

were fo dear at BataVia, were purchafed at maieute
prices, and frefli water waa procur*) by dilhlla-
tion, to convince the captains of the Indiamcn lying
in the Ky, how eafily wholefome water might be pro-
cured at fea. *

All hands beinc ordered on board, on the ijth,
there were only three found not able to do duty,
and the fliip failed on the 3d of March, after haviiii;
taken fomc flieep on board for their fea-ftore.

They anchored at St. Helena on the 17th where
they lent people to gather purflain, and procure water.
The captain goinc on (hure, was faluted from the fon,
where he was invited to take up his refidcnce as long
as he chole to rr!-.ialn on the ifland ; but the wind
proving favourable the next d.iy, he weighed anchor
and departed.

They crolTed the equinoAial line on the 28th and
proceedine on their voyage towards England, on the
nth of May, they dllrovcred the Savage floop of
war, in full cKace of a floop, at which (he (ired
feyeral guns : Captain Wallis, obfcrving this, like-
wife (ired at the chace, and bringing her to, >}:• wa*

without meeting with any thing worth notice, till he
came to an anchor in the Downs, on the 20th of May,
1768, having thus accompliflied the circumnavigation
of the globe. The adventures which .befel his con-
fort the Swallow, the reader will (ind' related in th«
fubfequent pages.

THE VOYAGE OF CAPTAIN CARTERET,

Round the World, in the Swallow Sloop.

THIS gentleman who had failed with Commodore
Byron on his expedition, fnon after his return,
wasappointcd commander of the Swallow floop, which
was dclHiied to accompany the Dolphin and Prince
Frederic ftore-ihip. Nothing material happened be-
fore the reparation of the two vcflels, except that
while the Swallow lay in the road of Madeira, nine
of her bert failors took it into their heads to fwim on
(hore, taking nnthin(» with them except their money
which tliev tied in their handkerchiefs round their
bodies. When the captain was about to write to
the conful, to requeft his aflilfaince for the recover-
ing thele men, he received information that they had
been found naked on the (hore, a(hamed of their ridi-
culous fituation, and heartily tired of their frolic.
A boat was fent to fetch them on board, and when
they where brought back, all the reafnn they could
give for this temporary defertion was only that they
were refolvcd to have a (kinful of liquor, as they were
on a long voyage and it was uncertain whether they
might live or'dic. The captain thinking they had
contributed fuflficiently to their o»n puniihment,
pafTcd the matter by, to the fatis(a£lion of the whole
(hip's company.

The reader will remember that on the i ith of April
the Swallow parted from the Dolphin and Prince
Frederic. At nine o'clock that day Captain Carteret
had intircly loft fight of the Dolphin, which he judged
to be thf n clear of the ftreights mouth, and his own
veflel being under land where (he had not any con-
fiderablc breeze, he entertained but little hope of
meeting with his confort again.

They had not been long feparated before the Swal-
low cxixrienced a violent' tempeft, during which tho'

• This w»5 performed in the following itiinner : Fifty-fix
gallnni of witcr were put into tlie Hill at fin in the morning,
and tliircy-fix gallons of frclh water were got by a bout >

they were within half a mile of a mountainous land,
it could not be difcerncd. The boat was then gone
off, in (earch of an anchoring place, and when night
fuccecded, the darknefs was fuch that they could not
fee half the length of the (hip. In thcfc circumfianccs
it was judged proper to hoitl lights, and to (ire a gun
every half hour, by means of which precautions the
boat was enabled to return to them in fafety. The
next morning (he was fent olF again upon the fame
«rrand, and the captain had given over the hopes of
her return, when, in the afternoon, he difcovcred her
founding a bay, on which he immediately ftood to-
wards her, and came to an anchor in the lame place.

The veflel being thus fecured. Captain Carteret had
iuft retired to repofe himfelf when he was difiurbed
by a noife on the deck, and he heard numbers running
up to join their companions; being alarmed, he quitted
the cabin to know the caufe ol this hurry. He
had fcarcely come forward before he heard all the men
crying out. The Dolphin! the Dolphin I But this
appearance of a fail foon vanifhed, originating only
from water forced up and whirled in the air by a gutt
of wind from fome of the neighbouring hills.— \fuf-
cles are found in this bay, and the bortCrs of it aiTord
wood and water, and abound with wild geefe.— They
failed from hence on the 15th of April.

While Captain Carteret was thus proceedine on fo
long a voyage, it was but an uncomfortable releAion
that the clotn, linen, cutlery wares, and toys, were 011
board the Dolphin, fo that he had no articles (it for
Indian commerce. However, he encouraged his men,
from the iirft, to proceed, being refolvcd to accompli(h
what he had undertaken.

Soon after they had left this bay, the wind fuddenly

(hifting

(luancr after ten 1 thirteen gillom and a half remaining in the
llill. But the proeeft confumcd futy-ninc pounds of 4mK, ud
fix pounds of waod.

CAPTAIN CARTERtT.

'^3

Ihircing, iliey met with another (torm, fo violent that
Ihey were in danger of finking. They durft not how-
ever, take in any fails, for fear of running foul of
feme rocky iflandu, which in Narborough'i voysige are
called the Idands of Oircdiion* i nor could they go
back into the ftreight, without the danger of runniiie
foul of the Ice-Oiurc ( yet, notwithftanding their bcft
endeavouri, the (hip made haftily towards it. They
were therefore compelled to flave the watcr-cafks on
and between the (leeks, in order to carry lietter fail (
and by this expedient, efcaped ftiip-wrick, and got
into the open fea, after a very fcafonabledclivrrancci
for, had the wind fhiftcd again, the fliip muft have
been unavoidably loft.

They now itcercd a northward courfc along the
coait or Chili i but as the water on biMrd was deemed
infullicient for the lensth of the voyage, the captain
propofed touching at the ifland of Juan Fernandec, or
at Maflafuero, to take in a proper (quantity. On the
15th, the wind which had been hitherto favourable
for their failing northward, and confequently getting
into a more temperate climate, fuddenly fliiftra, and
continued contrary till the 18th of April, blowing vi-
olently all the time, with thunder, lightening, rain and
hail, at intervals, adding to the horror of the tempeil.

They faw abundance of fca-birds at this time,
among which were two forts ; one like a pigeon,
which the feamen called the Cape of Good Hope Hen }
and the Peterch, which they term. Mother Carey's
Chickens, and are reckoned to forebode a Itorm. They
had continual bad weather from the 27th of this month,
till the firll of May, and on this day a prodigious fea
laid the whole fhip under water for fome time, while it
Mew a hurricane, and the rain poured down in torrents.
The wind now fhiftcd fo that the head of the vcfTel
came right againft a mount.iinous fea, which repeatedly
broke over the forccaftle, as far ai the main-maft, K>
that it was in danger of finking.

The weather became afterwards fomcthing more mo-
derate, and they repnired in fome degree the damage
the (hip had fuftaiiied during the (lorm ; but ihey had
not much fine weather afterwards till the oth of May,
when they were in fight of the ifland of Malfafuero :
and on the loth they faw Juan Fcinandct, and failed
■ round to Cumberland Bay on the ca(t fide of it. The
Spaniards had fortified this illaiid, a circumftance till
then unknown to Captain C.nrteret. A number of
men wvrc fcenon the (horr, .niid two large boats lying
on the beach. A houfcand four pieces of cannon were
obferved near the fca-fidc ; and on the brow of a hill,
at a fmall dillance, was a fort with Spanilh colours
(lying on it. Many cattle were (een on the hills, and
about 20 houfes 011 different parts of the ifland. The
wind blew fo ftrong out of the bay, that it was im-
pofliblc to got very near it : they therefore failed weft-
«vard, and were followed by one of the Spanifh boats ;
but (he foon returned, on obfcrving that the wind kept
them out of the harbour. On the caftern fide of the
weft h.iy, they faw a kind of guard-houfc with two
pieces of cannon, on carriages near it. They now re-
turned towards Cumbeilana Bay, when the boat again
put after them ; but night coming on they loft fight
of her. Captain Carteret did not hoift any colours
during all this time, bvcaufc he had none but Englifh
ones on board.

Heartily ch.igrincd at this difappointment, they
fteered for Mafiafucro, where they came to an anchor
on the i2th, hut found it then impoflible to land, as
the beach was rocky, and the furt ran fo violently,
that the ableft fwimmcrs could not force their Way
through the brcailies. However, the boats landed
and filled fome w.itcr-cadcs the next morning. They
anchorcxi on the eaft fide of the ifland on the 15th,
but were driven from their mooriiiB?!, and kept out at
fca all night. The cutter was lent for water in the
morning, and the fhip got near the (horc, where (he
took fcveral calks on board, and fent back for more,
employing the long-boat likewife 01, this fcrvicc, and
alio to carry provifions to thofe of the crew that
were on the ifl.iiid. The boits being fcen run

ni,ng along the (bore in the afternoon, the (hip followed
and took them in i but in fuch a condition that the
whole niiht was fpent by the carnrntcrs in refitting
them, and repairing the damage. The cutter was fciit
again for watcron the 17th, and returning, the lieu-
tenimt brought information that fuch torrents of ra'n
and overflowing water had deluged the land, that
many of thecafks were loft i and the men had iiiouih
to do, to fave themfclves from being drowned. The
lieutenant having feen feveral rivulets produced by the
rain that h.id fallen, propofed to go and fill the remain-
ing cafle, but he had not licen long gone before there
were all the figns of an approaching florm. It thun-
dered and lightened furprilingty, and as it was grown
quite dark, thofe in the (hip (which kept near the
(note) began to fear their boat was loft i but (he came
along-fide juft in time to fave her from a fquall which,
in all human probability, inuft have feni her to the
bottom. It appeared that three of the Tailors having
fwam on (hore with the cafks, before the ftorm began,
the lieutenant was under a nccclBty of leaving tnrm
behind him, naked and expofcd to all the fury of the
tempcft.

They returned however, the next day, and related
what had paflcd while they were left upon the iflnnd.—
As long as theday-light continued, tliey had ftill fome
hopes of regaining the boat ; but when the darkncfs
came on, finding their fituation cold and damp, they
began to think it was in vain at that time to cxpe£i a
deliverance ; and therefore began to confider by what
means they (hould bcft he able to abide the inconve*
niencef of the weather. The only expedient they
could hit on, was to lie alternately each between the
other two, till day-light. Then they rofe and pro-
ceeded by the fca-(hore towards the tent ; but being
often interrupted by high points of land, they ven-
tured to fwim round them, and that at fuch a diftance,
as to avoid the danger of the rocks ; but they cer-
tainly ran as great a ril'que from the (harks which
abound in thofe latitudes. They were fortunate
enough, however, to fuimount all didiculties, and
arrived in fafety at the watering-place, where their
brother iailors chearfully (hared with tbcm their
cloaths and provifions. When they came on board,
they were allowed a whole night's reft, and appeared
to be in perfefl health the next morning. Thefc were
three of the nine men who had fwam on (hore at Ma-
deira, as has been already related.

Such a quantity of fi(h was taken this day by the
boat's crew with hooks and lines only as proved fuf-
ficient for the whole (hip's company. On the 20th,
the (hip which had been ftanding ov and on for fome
time, came to an anchor again. That night, and all
the next day they had bad weather, but as foon as it

frew a little calmer, the feamen were font on (hore to
ill feals, and make oil of their fat to burn for their
lamps. The boats being icnt on (hore on the 22d,
returned with a number of Pintado birds, which they
got from the natives, who faid that when the wind blew
high on the night, thefc birds flew into the fire in
fuch numbers, that they caught fever^'' hundreds of
them.

As much water as the wcather'would admit of being
brought off, was (hipped on the 23d, but by the vio-
lence of the furf feveral of the ca(kt were loft. This
fucceflion of bad weather made the captain impatient
to be gone. Accordingly, orders were ilfucd for all
thofe on lliore to repair on board with the greateft ex-
pedition. The velTel was at the fame time driven
from her moorings into deep water, dragging the an-
chor after her. They were obliged to lie to, now under
bare poles, waiting for the boats ; in the mean time
the wind was fo violent as to raife the (ea above the
maft-head. The long-boat was taken on board with
ten of the men in the evening ; but the cutter with
the lieutenant and eighteen more ftill remained.— .
About midnight, the weather became fomewhat more
moderate ; on which the (hip ftood in for the land,
and was near the (hore the next morning. The cut-
ter was not then in fight, but being difcovercd about
7 noon

«v; :

104

Mairifucra.

Pitciiiri's

THE VOYAGE OF

noon rlofe Qnder the land, hrr new were got on lioard
-' within three houri. I'he pvo|>le had made iin attempt
to come ort' the preceding evening, hut had liarrcly
quitted the Hiurc whin their biMt tilled with water,
and was in danger ol i^oing ti> the bulloin. With dif-
ficulty they rcKait'cd the ihore, where (he renuined
all night. The crew not having lien the Oiip in the
niorniiij';, had given her nvir lor lo(t, and, having ta-
ken thepnipf r iniaiis to fecure ilieir liltl : vcilel, ihuughc
of nothing hut waitin;; tu'l the fiimnier, when they
might tmnaik in her for Ju .n I'lriKiiuK-*,

i'lic illanil of Mall'utiiiK , on the coall of which
the Swallow was in inch daii;^ i, is about a miles in
circumferciu'e : it is of a triangular form, and ap-
pears like a liiigle rncic at a ililhiliec. It has many
g«u I aiH'lioriiig places, and there are abundance of
goats upon the iliand : coil, hallibut, and cray-hlh arc
got tliere in great numbers, and thcl'c:<Ii are al moll in-
liunicr.dile. There are plenty of bini;., amonj; which
are fume very large hawki) and the mountain cabbage
is found in this country.

Having quitted this coaft, the c.iptain failed north-
ward, with a vi> w of catshing the Ibulh-euft traile
wind. When he had gone farther north than he at firll
iiitLnded, he fiaicheiT for the illaiidsof St. Felix, and
St. Ambr.jfe, but could not hit upon either of them ;
lie alio fought lor the fuppoled continent called Davis's
Land, but wil!i no belter luccefs. Indetd, as to the
latter, he eoneluded that there was no fuch land in
rciiliiy exilling. I Ik y continued thus wandering over
the ocean till ihe lytli of June, when the weather was
cold and dark, with frequent fleet and rain, and thunder
nnd iiglitning. In the midll of this gluom, which
was fcaiccly ever cheared by lun-fliinc, bein^the rery
fport of the winds, they were obliged to carry as
much fail as poinble, lert they (hould perllh by fa-
mine before the ihip could be brought into any port
whire the crew might be fupplied with provifions.

At hnuth, on the 2d of July, they faw an ifland
that was tloaciied with verdure, and down the fiile of
wliieh i.in a lUeam of frefh water. 'I'his they called
afitr the name of the perfon that firft diftovered it,
Pll, not' I 1/liinJ.

The vcll'il admitted a great quantity of water on
the 4lh, and w.is In a fliattered condition. The men
alio be;;an to be vifited by the fcurvy j but they were
Well ftippliid with water by that which fell from the
clouds, which tlicy caught on an awniiig of painted
cauvas. Cijitain Carleict dilcovcrid an ifland this
day, w liich he called Ujnahrugh Ijl.mdy and on the 1 2lh
faw two other illes, wlierc were found birds fo tame,
that the boat's crew caught them in their hands.
'i'he other illaiul was about tivclea(;ues diltant, but no
water nor vegetables could be found on either of
ihem. 1 hev were called the Duki of Qhucifttr' i Ijlandi,
I'rom this time to the 7.21I of the month, alternate
itorms and calms perplexed them. They had I'ecn
no figns of the foutherii continent, and they were
no.v bv account 5400 miles from the continent of
America.

The I'curvy now daily increafed among the fiiip's
companv, ami thefliip being likewife in fo bad a con-
dition. Captain Carteret fleered northward, in hopes
, of havinjj the advantage of the trade wind, whereby
he thniigfu he might reach fomc ifland, and get the
neccfl'ary refiefiiments for his crew.

From the great number of birds, which they faw
on the 25th, they fiippofed that they were near land,
but ihcy difcovered none. On the 3d of Auguft thev
faw a number of fea-birds, and the current, which
Kiore had fet to the northward, now ran ftiong to the
fouthward *, being in 10" 18' of fouth latitude, and
177' 13' of call longitude.-^— On the loih the fliip
fpiang a leak in a place which they could not come al
to llop it, which was the fource of no fmall anxiety

' I-iuiii thii circamllance the captain conduclcil that t)it
pi:T3i;c bittvci;!) New Huilani! to New Zealand opened ui i!>i> la-
tiude.

to the voyagfrs. tlowtver, two dayi afterwaidi, thry
law land. Captam CaiterctdileoMring fexui illjnd»,
failed toward* two which lay very iie;u to|i iher j
ind they came to an anchor olf tin;
iheni in the evening, where they faw t
tive.s, who were woolly-heatlcJ Nejr,

la,,.

It of

; n
oci, and went

iheni in the cveiiinj;, where they faw two of "the na-
tives, who »■<
intircly naked.

Hav inf; lint their boat on (horc, the officer rcporteJ
that llu re Was tine lieflj water near llie coall, but llut
it could not be procuiid without dirtieully, an the
couiuiy was coveiid with thick viootl, quite tu the
beach: The conlider.itiun of this difficulty, and the
danger that the natives, if they weie dilpolid to loni-
meiice hoftilities, might attack them under ci>vcr of
thefe v\oods, (jce.ifioncd the captain to ilifpateli the
cutter the next day to feck lor fouie more ci'iuenient
anchoring place. The mailer was at the lie.ul of the
party, and w'as ordered to lleer to the wedwaid.
He Was particularly injoined to be on his euard agaiiift
the natives, and had leveral trinkets on toard projier
to prefenf them with, in order to licure their favour.
They alfo lent off the lonp-boat, which brought a
lading of water. After this fuccefs Ihe was ordered
out a licond time j but, as the natives weie obfcrvcd to
come down in numbers towards the landing-place, u
fignal was made for her to return imnieJiaiily. A
little while afterwards, three Indians were remaikcd
fittinc down on the fliorc, who for I'oinc hours con-
tinued fledfaftly looking at the (hip. On the lieu-
tenant's approaching th.in in the boat, they moved
along the (hoie, and were prefently joined by three
others. When their conference was over, the former
went on, and the latter came towaids tlu- boat with
great eXpeilitioM. Thi lieutenant having cdiferved Uy
a fignal made from the Ihip, that the captain and his
people had watched the motions of thofe on (hore, in
coiifequence of which it was lequifite for him to aiht
with caution, he landed, and onered his prefenis, to
engage theii attention. Uut thefe people, indiad of
aicejiiiiig wli.it he oll'eicd, difcharged a Hight of .ir-
rows ;it him and his men, and then betook tlieinlclve.s
to Hight. None of tlie linglilh were hurt ; they firiil
however, iit return, but it did not ajipear that their
lire did any execution.

'I'he mailer and liis party a£ling with lefs caution,
and either ignoraiilly or wantonly provoking the ni-
lives, fell to fkirmilliiiig with than, after they hail
penetrated into the couiiiry. This officer, who camu
on board with three arrows flicking in his body, gave
the following account of the traiif.iction.

He faid, that being arrived at a place which was
about live leagues ilillant from the Ihip feeing fonic
houl'es, but only a few of the inh.ibitants, he relulved
to land with four of his crew, well armed. The
Indians recovering from the fears they had lirll con-
ceived on his approach, received what he prel'enlcd
them with marks of laiisfaltion, and gave him Ibiiic
fifli, yams, and cocoa-nuts, in return. He then pro-
ceeded to the lioufes j but, loon after, perceiving a
number of people among the trees, and leveral eani»-»
being defcried coming round a point, he m.ide hattc
to return to the boat ; but before he could accomplifh
his purpofe, a general attack was maJc both on his
people and thofe in the boat. The Kngiifh, in return,
fired among the Indians, and killed and vi'ounded many
of them i notwithllandiiig vthich the nativesconlinued
the fight. Some of them ran into the water as high as
their brcafts, and when the boat got farther o(}' from
the Ihore, the canoes purfucd her, till one of them
was funk, and feveral people killed and wounded in
the others by the fire of the Englifh.

But fomc of thofe who were witnefTes of the whole
tranfadion, gave a different account of the matter.
They airerted, that the Indians had demeaned thein-
filves in an amicable manner, towards their guefts,
till the mailer provoked them by fellin;r a cocoa-tree,
which they had given him to undeifland, they wilhed
that he would not meddle with on any account. They
added, that as the natives, one man excepted, left
the fpot, as foon as the tree was cut down, a .nidfhip-

uian

Fccid

Cirri

Pol 11

Trel
lllal

Cap

niail

.-^iS'-

CAPTAIN C A R T E R i: T.

iti

E)^ont Ifliiiiil
Swallow Uay

rortland
lajnil.

nvron't llir-
Uiur.

Bloody n<y.

InilUn liour.'s
Slid iuduluic

Craniille't
Ktvcr.

Fcncrt'iPbin:

Cirtcrct'i
Poiot.

Trevaijlan
Iltand.

Cape Trev-
Dian.

man begged that the miDer woiiM immrdiaiely re-
pair on Duard ( but he would by iki mcins uticiid tu
Ihit counfcl, iinr did hr retire till the attack wii be-
gun. Hnwcver lh.it ini^'ht be, the ciiifequcntc was
fatal to him, .ih he and three u( the fcanien afterwards
died (il the wuiindt rcct ivcd in thi< Ikirmifh.

'riiouiih ihty were f.ii from being agreeably fitiiateil,
yet the capt.iiii rulolvcd to cndeuvour rei>airin^ the
Ihip. The wind letting into the b.iy on the I4il\ ilic
Vn% driven neui the Ihiirr, at which time the Indi.ms
cxpedting her to run .li^rniind, were obfervcd watch -
in^ her t'lom the covert of the woods. A party was
fent on (hore tlic next day, after a gnn had been hrcd
into tlic woods, in order to dil'perfe any who might
be lying in ambulh there. 'I'hc cutter was likewilc
fcnt, under the command of Ihi' lieutenant, in order,
by repeated firing, to keep the coaft clear for Ciich as
tvcre taking in water. Hut notwithltanding all this
caution, a dikhargc of arrow* was made by the In-
dians, whereby one of the Tailors received a dangerous
Vound. The captain perceiving what uafled, ntaile
• fignal for the return of the boats, and as loon as
that was eft'eiied, fired his cannon into the woods.
Another large party being afterwards ohlcrved on a
point of the bay, a great gun w:is fired towards thiit
<|uarter, and the ball fuliing among them, thev dif-
perfril immedi.itely. A conltant liriiig towarJs the
woods was afterwards kept up, iind by the dying
groans that were heard, it appeared th.it the poor
wretches wew puiiilhcd (perhaps too fevercly) for
their temerity.

The captain gave this place the name of Kgrninl
Ijlnnilt and the bay Swalhw Bay. The maftcr now
(lying of his wounds, and the captain and lieutenant
were fo ill that it was doubtful ^ and as there was
little likelihood of procuring proper refrtlhmcnts
where the vefTcl then lay, there was no longer any
entouiagement for proceeding to the foutnwara.
They laileil from this hay on the 27th of Auj;iill, and
on that day difcovercd an illand, to which thiy gave
the name of Pirilanl IjlcinJ, and difcovering an har-
bour at about the dillancc of four miles, gave it the
appellation of Epon'i llarhur. Tiircc leagues from
hence, iheycaniein fight of tl\e bay where ilic Indians
hail attaelud the cutler's crew, and gave it the de-
nomination of Btocdy Hay. Heie they faw a number
of Iioufcs not ill built on the (liore j and ohferved one
th It much exceeded the rcll in leni;ih, where it fecnis
th.' maimer and liii party had been entertained before
the (kirmini, and which feemcd to be conllrudied for
a kind of public hall. The fides of the room were
covered with matting, and great number'! of arrows
were fi-en hangin(^ in this apartment. Many gardens
planted with vegetable?, and inclofed with ilon; walls,
were obferved in thin neighbourhood. They alfofaw
a large town defended by nn angular fortification of
flonc at about three miles dittance from this village.
A bay was dii'covrred about a league farther on the
coaft, into which a river emptied itfelf, which they
denominated Granville's River, and called the Point
Ojf the Bay, Fcrre.'-s's Point. From hence the knd
forms the bay, near wliich was a large Indian town
that was extremely well built. As the vcU'el palled
by, the natives came out and danced before their
houfes, moved round in circles, and holding what
appeared to be bundles of grai's in their hands with
which they rtroke<l each other.

Proceeding a few miles farther, they faw another
point, which tUe^' called Cnrleret'i Point, where they
perceiveil a large canoe with an awning over it, and
faw a town fortified like that which we have jull de-
fcribnl; and here alfo the Indians danced as before.
Some Indians put off in tlieir canoes, to take a view
of th'' fhip, but would not come on board.

Afterwards they came to anothci fmall ifland, to
which they gave the appell.ition o( Trevanlan ljl„iit/,
and the north part of it was called Cti/tt Trtvanian.
Hoth thin iflp and the main land abounded with in-
habitant:. Several canoes advanced to att.ick the
.boat that was lent to found, as foon as the Indians

Vol. I. N-I5.

17^7

thought (he vi»% nt a convenient diflancr from the
(hip. Havinr; dileharged a Hipht of arroW", the
boat's crew firing, in return, killed one m.ui and
wmmded another. A gun loidtd wiih grape-lliot
being alio fired from the Ihip, all the cniUH's made fjr
the Ihore, except that wlk'rem w.istho woun Uil nmn,
which was taken to the Ihip, and the furgecii employ.
cd to examine his wounds. It .ippcared that cue of
this man's arms was brokit, and a inut lia<l gone thru'
his head I and the furgemi being of opinion lh.it iho
latter wouiul was mortal, lie was placed in hit ca-
noe again, and with one h.iiid rowed towards the
lliore. The canoe was formed only of the hollow
tiunk of a tree, he was a young fellow, almoll as tdacic
as the negroes of Guinea j his features weie ;;ood, his
hair was woolty, and he wore no cloathin.;.

Ah they failed along the fhorc they law plantains,
bananas, and cocoa-nut trees, and great numbrrs <.f
hogs and poultry 1 but the captain bcini' yet viry ill,
and n'lt having officers fiidieient to dinCt "ii bo.ml
the fhip, he had no opportunity of edalilKhin' i frii'nd-
ly traffic with the Indians ) and wa'- iiiuilde t'> obiaiii
by force thole refrefhmenis v, hiih th. crew bcc:imo
e/ery hour iiitire and more in want of. It being 'uu
impoflible to proceed fiuthri to the fiiuth, and in dan-
ger of being too late fir tile monfoon, he gave imme-
diate orders lo proceed northwards, in hopes of dil-
covering the country which IJampier has diilin-
guilhed oy the name of Nova Urilannla.

Captain Cartiret gave thefe idands the pcneral
name of <^u,cn Chmlollt' s Ijliimls, and befides thofe [;^"'J,',°«"»»
already mentioiiet^ he faw (everal which he named as i.ol,i\;,|!ie.
follow, viz. Lortl HjUi'i IjhnH, K'P;ti'i Ijknd, t,i>r7cimiliL\,
E.lgeaonle'i Ijhmd, Ouny's Iflund, «w/ / c/crtiJ //Mrfj <Hii"'»i and
this latl being fo denominated from a fmoke that ill'ued J/''"]""
from its top, which is of an aniaiing height, and *"'*'
Ihaped like a I'ligar loaf.

'rhe canoes of the inhabirants arc made of the trunk
of a trtc hollowed, are lar;;e enough to contain ten
or twelve people, and are furnifheu with out-rigger«,
but have no fails.

The natives of the country which Captain Carte-
ret called Egmont Ifland, were expert at fwimminf;
and diving j and very avlHve and vigorous. Their
arrows were lb fharp, and dilchargcd with fucli
rtrcngth, th't one of them wounded a man in the thigh,
after palfipg through the wadi-board of the boat.
The points of theic arrows arc Hint, and no metal
was fcen among the natives. There arc good har-
bours on the coafts of thefc iflands, which likewifo
abound in rivers, and have fomc valleys { but for the
nuift part they arc mountainous, and covered with wood.

On the 19th of Auguft the captain failed, and
kecpin;.; a W. N. W. courfc, on the aoth he dilcovcr-
ed a fmall ifland, which was called Gcwtr's //IfiiJ, Oovtet'ttatni
the people of which did not differ in any thing ma-
terial from the Indians he had fccn on the other
iflands.

They here procured fome cocoa-nuts in exchange
for nails, and the inhabitants had intimated, that
they would furnifh a farther fupply the next morning }
but it (.■•as then found, that the current had carried
the fhip confiderably to the fouth during the night,
and brought them within fight of two other iflands, siirpfon's
one of which was called Simpfm's IJIand, and the Idaml,
other Cartirtt't Ijland. Thefe iflands bore to windward Carteret's
of tlie fhip. Thus fituated they failed again to "'»'"'•
Gower's Ifland^' which abounds with fine trees, many
of which are the cocoa-nut. A boat being fent on
fbore, the Indians attempted to fci'zc her, and in re-
turn the crew made prize of .1 canoe, in which they
found a number of cocoa-nuts. The natives were
armed with bows and arrows and fpears.

The current futing ftrnng to the fouthward, they
now fteercd a north-weftcrly courfe, b-jcaufe the bad
condition of the fhip, and urknefs of the crew, would
have rendered it impoflible for them ever to have got
to fca .ipain, if they had been driven into any gulpH
or deep hay. On the 22d one of the marines fell over-
board and was drowned,

Xx Tho

;%;

■*

ii6

THE V O Y A G t O F

wv>»'

•^.iCIwrlci
II rtli'sllllnd

n-,„clic;fta's
Ji'.mhI.

It'uiKi,

Kii^l.lli Cove.

Carteret'sHai'
Imur.

Lcii'i'iMfland

Cocni-nut

lOand.

The fh!p fell in with iiinc iflands in the niglit of
the 24th, which Captain Carteret ftippores to be the
fame that were dilcovcred by Tafman, and are named
Ohang Java: eight of theii; are very fmall, but the
other IS more extenfive, and they are all inhabited by
blacks, whofc heads are woolly, like thofe on the
coad of Africa. On the 25th they fa\T an ifland
co\ci€d with verdure, which was called Sir Charlts
ILirdy'sljland; and, from tlie number of fires that were
ffcfi on it, they fuppollu it to be inliabitcd. This
day they had liglit of a large iflani!, formed of three
hii^h hills, which took the name of ll/inchilfa! Ijland.
On the 26th they faw another large ill.ind to the
npith, which Captain Carteret imagines to be the
ifland of St. John, that was difcovered by Schoiitcn.
I'licy were now within fight of Nova Biitannia, and
the ;icxt morning the current drove the ihip into a
il'.op bay, which in Danipier's voyages was called St.
George's Bay. On the 28th, they gave the name of
»7'<j//;j'j^i<Wtoafmall ifland in a b'a' , off which they
came to an anchor, and were wtN 75oomilesduc
weft from the main land of America. The cultcr
was fent out to catch fifli ; but not fucceeding, flie
returned with a lading of cocoa-nuts. The next day,
after great fatigue, they weighed anchor, and failed
to a place they called Englijh Cove, and began im-
mediately to take in uood and water. They now at-
tempted to catch filh with hooks and lines, and alfo
with their i.ets, but did not fuccecd in either attempt :
turtle likcwife were very plentiful, yet they could not
take any of them ; but, at low water, they procured
fome largo cockles and rock oydcrs. They procured
cocoa-nuts and the cabbage of the cocoa-tree, which
i trifp and juicy ; this, whcr eaten raw, taltes like
a chefnut j but when boiled, has a more agreeable
flavour than a parfuip ; it was found particularly
good whi \ boiled with portable foup and oat-meal.
They llk^ivife gathered fome plumbs, which tailed
like thofe of (he \V>ft-lndies which they called Ja-
maica plumbs J and by thisfupply of vegetables, they
ibpn grew more 'lealthy.

This idand appeared to have been lately inhabited,
as feveral wretched huts were feen, in which there
were remains of fires, and the (hells of filh, which
did not fccm to have been long taken : they likcwife
faw two animuls refembliiia; do;^-:. The foil licre pro-
duces palm-trees of various kin^j.^ ; aloe?, canes, bam-
bo I . Tttans, betel-nut, and the nutmeg- trees j
with a variety of other tree's, anU maii^ ftirubs and
plants, of which the names were not known. In
the woo<ls was a lari;e bl.iek-birJ, wiiofe note was
fomewhat like the barking of a do"; there were like-
wife parrots, rooks, pigeons, and doves j and cen-
tipieds, ferijcits, and Icorp'ons, were feen on the
ifland.

I'hey took in wood and water here, repaired
the fliip in the belt manner that cirrumftances would
admit, and took poU'eirioii of the country, with all
the neie;hbourifig iflands, for the kinir of tJreat Bri-
tain. 1 his was done by nailing on a lofty tree a piece
of boaril faced with le.nd, on which was engraved the
name of the ved'el and of the captain, the time of
their entering and leaving the harbour, and the repre-
fentation of the union fl.ig. Tliey left the cove on
the 7th of September and anchored on the fame day
almoft clofe to a grove of cocoa-nut trees, where they
plentifully fupphcd thcmfclvcs with fruit, and the
tabb;ige. Thiy called the place, Ctirtcret's Hariour,
which being formed by tlie main and two iflands, one
of them was named Leigh's Ijhnd, and the other
Cocca-nut Ijland,

The captain now rcfolvcd to fai! for Datavia, while
the mnnfoon continued favourable : on the gth of
September, therefore they weighed anchor, apd
when they were about four leagues from lard, the
wind and current being both againft them, they fleeieil
round the coad into a channel between two iflands,
which channel was divided by another ifland, to which
Captain Carteret gave the name of the Dute of i'crk'i
Ijland, and near which arc ."everal fmallcr iflauds. To

the fouth of tbelaigeftol t'n.n; arelliiee iiilUof f;n^u!ar
form, which were called the .Uot.ln a!:d Duur:l.u>t,
one of which was fuppofud to be a volcaiio liwn
the Urge clouds of fmoke that were leen iiluing trom
it. A point they c:illcd Ciift Pallij'er, lies to tlic eaft p _ ,,.,
of thtfehill«, and Caps Slephet.s to the veil ; north ofc,'f;^s,, ,'„"•
which laU. lies an illand, which took the name of the
Ifleof Man. The country in general is mountainous ^'^ '"''^
and woody, and was fiippiifed to be inhabited, fiom
the numbers of fires feen on it ia the night. On the
Duke of York'j Ifland, the houles were fmiated among
groves of cocoa-nut trees, and thus formed a molt
beautiful pioliiciil. They brought to, for the night,
and failed agiiin in the morning, when lomc of the
Indians put oft' in canoes towards the fliip ; but the
wind being fair and blowing fredi, it was not thought
prudent to wait for them. 'I'hey now iletrcd iiorih-
weft by well, and loft fight of New Britain 011 the
nth, when it w.as found that what had been t.Tien for
a bay, was a ftreight, and it was called i"<. G'«i;f'j St. Georgt's
Channel, whilft the liland on the north of itreccivid theChannel.
name of A/iric Ijlaml. In the evening they dil(:ovcred i{c„,ig,gj,
a large ifland, well clothed with veidurc, which was
dcmuninated Sandwich JJland : off this illand the IhipSandwIcIi
lay great part of he nijht, during which time a Ifland-
perpetual noifc refembling the found of a drum
was heard from the fliore. When they had almoft
cleared thcftreiglits, the weather fallingcalm, a num-
berof canoes approached thelhip, and tho' their crews
could not lie prevailed on to go on board, they ex-
changed fome trifles with thcKngliflifor nails and bits
of iron, which they preferred to every thing elfe that
was oftered them. 'I'hough the canoes of ilicfe pc-o-
|>le were formed ^ut of fingle trees, they were between
80 and I oo feet in length. The natives wire negroes,
and their hair was ol the w oolly kind ; but they had
neither thick lips nor flr.t nofes. They wore ftii 11-
work on their legs and arms, but were othervvife
naked. Their hair and beards were powdered with
white powder, and a leather was ftruck into the head
of each, above the ear. 1 heir weapons confiftcd of a
long ftick and a fpear ; aiid it was obfervcd, that they
had fifliing-ncts and eordai^e.

Sailing from hence welhvar,!, they came in fight
of the fouih-weft jioiiit of the ifland, it was called
Cape Byron; near which is an illaiid of confiderablc ■* ''''™"'
extent, which received the name of \ew Hunover. 'the NewHjnorer.
ftreight tlicy had now pafled was called jSj' on'/ Bynm'j
Utreifht ; one of the largelt ill inds they had fecn,S"eiKl«.
Byron's Ijland and the fouth-well puint of Ne* ^^An-^nmtWdtnA.
over, i^ucen ChiirLlle's Foreland. On tilL' folloAingQiiemChar-
day they faw feveral fmall ifland', which received the ">•"'» P""-

nameof the D. cf Portland's Ilta-nls. Haviiii: eomplet. Iir ';1"'|- , „

. 1 e. /' '11 u 1 1 1 I vDukcof Port-

navigated St. (jcorge s channel, the wiiole length ol i^^j., jjjj^j,

which is about 100 leagues, they held on a weft-
ward courfe, and on the 14th of September dilcovcred
feveral iflands. The next morning fome hundreds of
the natives came oft" in canoes towards the fliip, and
were invited on board by every token of friendfhip and
good will ; notwithllanding which, when tiny came
within reach, they threw feveral lances at the in-
men on the deck. A great gun and feveral mul<j»i-t«
were then fired at them, by which foinc were killed
or wounded; on which they rowc-d towards fliorc;
and after they had got to a diftance, a {hot w.is fired,
fo as to fall beyond them, to convince them that they
were not out of the rcich of the g'ins. Soon after, Coiue
other canoes advanced from a diltaiit part of the illand,
and one of 'l.cin coming nearer than the reft, the peo-
ple in it were invited on board thi- (hip: inftead of
complying, tliey threw in a number of darts and
laiiccs. I'hisairault was returned by the firing of fe-
veral mufquets. bv which one of the Indians wa*
killed; on which his companions jumped over-board,
and fwam to the other canoes, all of whom rowed to
the fhore. The canoe bei^g taktn on board, was
found to contain turtle, anil fome other fifti, alfo a
fruit of a fpecies between an apple and a [•Uimb, hi-
theito unknown to Kiiropcanv. Thcfe pi.opij were
moftly negroes, wi:li woolly hair, which they jx)w-

dcrtd.

CAPTAIN CARTERET,

.67

tt'i,

limn
Irom

til ofc,pcSitplien«-

tmm
In the
iiiong

molt
night,
)t the
lut the
lought
iiorih-
oii the
kcii for

j«';''» St. George's
ivid thet^h"""''-
covered New Wand,
ich was
the IhipSunilwich

time alfl«'»»-
i drum
d almoft
, a num-
cir crews
thcv cx-
i and bits
^ elfr that
'licil- P'-o-
e tdtwceii
: ncr;rocs,
tthcy hail
.oreftiill;

others lie
Icrcd \vith
to the head
nfillcd cf a
, that they

ne infigUt

was <:^1J<;" Cape Byron.

jnlidcrable

Ncver. ThcNewHanortr.

led By'rot't By"."'*

>;c« H.in- BvrnnMfland.
■•|ollo«ingQ«etnCh«r-

oceivcd the;..'"-'"""-
r complet. ly i,„v,c of Port-
,le Uiiglh ol iind', Iftudt-

,,1 a wcft-
, (iiicovcrcd
hundreds of
le (liip, ""<'
riciidftlip ami
•n iii<-y laiTie
i at the I'-i-
ral muliiviet*
e v-cre ixiUtil
vvnrds Ihorc;
lu.tvvai t^rt-d,
hem that thi.-y
on after, loiije
tof the 1 11 and,

reft, the peo-
p: infteadof

,)f darts and
le firms of (c-
c Indians wa»
)cd over-board,
vhoni rowed to
on board, wa»

icr fifti, "l'".*
1 a plumb, hi-
•k pt:o\)i« *«re
liich they pow-
dered.

Ailmiralty
IflanJs.

Steplien's
lllands.

tiered, and went naked, except the ornaments of
flielU round their arms and legs.

Captain Carteret now conlted along the inands, to
which he gave the general name of the Mmiralty JJIantls.
He dcfcribcs them as having a beautiful appearance,
being covered with woods, groves of cocoa-nut trees
and the houlcs of the natives. The largeft is com-
puted to be about 50 miles in length ; and he lup-
poles that they produce many valuable articles, parti-
cularly fpices. They difcovered two finall verdant
Durnuri andiflandson the 19th, which were called /)«i»tt>'j ^r7ffrf,
Matty'slfland.and Matty's Ijland, the inhabitants of which laft ran
along the coall with lights during the night. They
had light of other two fmall illands on the 24th,
which were called Stephen's Ijhnds, and which abounded
with beautiful trees. They faw alfo three itlands
on the 25th in the evening, when the natives came otf
in canoes, and went on board the fllip. They bar-
tered cocoa-nuts for fome bits of iron, with which
metal they did not feem unacquainted, and appeared
cxtrav.igantly fond of it. They called it pannm,
and hinted that a fliip fometimes touched at their
illands. Thcfc people were of the copper colour,
and had fine black hair j but their beards were very
fmall, as they were continually plucking the hair
from their facss. Their teeth were even and white,
and their countenances very ai^rccablc. They were
fo extremely aiitive that they ran up to the malt-head
quicker than the failors. hvcry thing that was given
them they ate and drank with freedom, and fcemed to
have no fort of referve in their behaviour. A piece
of fine mattinj; '.vrapped round their waifts, conlli-
tuted the whole of their drefs, and good-nature ap-
peared to be the only rule of their .ne'lions.

The current carrying the (hip fwiftW along, the
capt.iin had not the opportunity of landing ; and was
therefore obliged to reful'e gratifying thcfe friendly
people in that particular, though they readily oftVrcd
that fome of their people fliould remain as hoilages
for the fafe return of any of the officers or Ihip's com-
pany who fhould "ih||t|iLto go on fhore. Finding that
their oft'er was nam|Hitcd, one of the Indians abfo-
lutely refufed to qittt tne ftiip : he was carried in on-
f?quence, as far as the ifland of Celebes, where he
died. Jthis man was named Jofeph Freewill, and they
called the larn[eft of the iflcs, Frrewill Ijhtrul, (by the
natives *alleil Pegan.) 'The names of the two other

Pcj'in.or

FrccwiU

m.uui.

Oiiitta and
Uiiclla.

iflands were Onatnm^ Ontikmi

An ifland was dfTcovred irom the maft-hcad as they

Current
Illaiul.

held on their courfe, on tiie 28th in the evening, but
they neither landed there nor gave it a name. On the
1 2th of Oftober they faw a fmall ifle which the"
named Current IJlawl, from the great llrcngth of the
foutiicrly current in thofc parts ; and the next day
two iflands were difcovered, to which they gai:; the
name of St. Andrew's IJhrd.

The next land api)carcil to be Mindanao, .along t!ie
Captain Car- fouth-eail part of which they coaik'd, feekini; for a
j,Y' ""^■'^ '■ " bay which Dampicr had defcribed ; but this they could
not find. The boat, however, found a little creek at
the fouthern extremity of the ifle, near which a town
and a fort were fecn. The people having dcfcried the
boat from the fliore, a gun was fired, and feveral ca-
noes came otF after it. The lieutenant therefore re-
treated towards theihip, which, when the canoes dif-
covered, they retired and made towards the (hore.

The captain now ftood to the ealhvaid, and on
the 2d of November anchored in a bay near the fhorc,
whither the boats were difpatched to take in water.
No figns appeared of that part of the itbnd being in-
habited ; a canoe however came round a 'point, feem-
inglywitha view of obl'erving them, which rowed
back again, after having taken a furvey of the vcf-

But, in the nifht, a ^reat noife was he.ard on the
fliorc, fomewhat like the war-fong of the Americans.
The captain therefore made proper preparations to de-
fend himt'clf in cafe hoftilities fliould b'- commenced
on the part of the illanders.

One of the boats was fent on Ciore for water the

next mornintr, and the oilier was ordered 10 hold !ior- 17^7
lelf in rcadiiiefs, in cafe her afliflaiue fliould hi ne- v.^v"^'
ceflary. The crew had no I'ooncr Indtil than (ever.il
arme^d men came forward from the v. nod , ;iMd one 01
them held up fomething white, uiiieh living con-
ftrued as a fign of amity, the Ciptuiii h.uii.g iiowhife
flag on board, determined to (end the lieuteii.nit wi;h
a table cloth in order to aiifwcr the token nf pen<e.
I'or the prelelit this bad the defired elFect. '{'.'■o In-
dians, who (jiokc bad Dutch and Spanilh, having at
lalt made themfelves underltood by the odirti in ihi
latter language, made fevcial inquiries v. iiicli chiefs'
turned upon defiring to be informed whither theihip
belonged to the (Vatcs of Holland, and whether l!ie
Was bound to llatavia or elfewhere. H^allowaiUid
to know whtthcr (he \v.i> a (hip ot war, and wh.u
number of gunsllie carried. H;iving liceii reli)Ked .'is
to thefe particulars, lie (.lid tlicy nii'^ht procicd to tha
town J I'omc armed Indians were ordered to retreat,
and the lieutenant prelented a filk handkerchief to tlie
peif'on he tonverlld with, receiving .1 neck-cloth in
return.

When thecaptain heard this, he was highlv phMllJ, p.-.;.i,,i
thinking that all matters were now in a prujKr train, ,i,.,i., .. , 1 i!.c
cipecially as he had received a fupply of water; hut ii. I. iiU. ..«;:.
while he was enjoying this profU'iit, he perccfvcd lome
hundreds of armed Indians on the ihore, who held up
their targets, and brandiflied their fwords, by way of
defiance, and at the fame time difeharirtd their lames
and arrows towards the velfel. Notwiiliflanding this
hoftilo appearance, the captain wa> (HU v\'illinir, if
poffiblc, to avoid coming to extremities with the
iflanTlers, and for that purpoie, (ent the licu'enr.nt on
^fbrc to difplay again the former fign of peace.' As
the boat approached the (horc, but v/ithotit landing her
men, one of the natives beckoned them to come where
he llooil, but the lieutenant did not chule to obey this
fummons, left he fhould come within reach of the ar-
rows of the illanders. He now concluded that there
were Dutchmen or people in the Dutch intcreft on
fhore, to whole interference this apparent alteration
in the difpofition of the n.uives was owing, and who
had irritated the natives againft the Swallow's crew,
on being informed that Ihe was an Englilh vefl'el.
Captain Carteret however Cilcd from this place, which
he called Dneiiful Btiy with a full intention to vifir.

the town ; but foon after the wind hlowing vio- r. -.it,
11/1 11 1 1 ■ /- 1 • I ^1 , DtccittulBay.

lently 111 (hore, he altered his refolution, and (leered

dircdtly for Batavia, which was probably the btft
courfe he could have taken in fucli a critical fitua-
tion.

He reached the ftreight of MacafTar, on the 14th
of November, which ftreight lies between the iflands
of Celebes and Borneo. To a point of the former they
at this time gave the name of Hutnmtci Point ; and ,, ,

to the weftward of this point they dit'covered a great i"[l'^°''
many boats filhing upon the fhoals. On the 21 ft,
they were in fight of two very fmall iflands, whic-li
were covered with verdure, andCapt. Carteret Ciippofed
them to be the Taba Ifles, mentioned in the !• -ench
charts. They eroded the equinoiSlial line,, and came
into fouthern latitude, on the agth of this month,
the tornadoes becoming violent, and the current
fetting againft them. Death had nowdiminifhed the
crew, and ficknefs was daily weakening^ the remain-
der. They had fight of the Little Pater-Noftcrs
(iflands fo called) which are fituatc fomething more
than two degrees to the fouthward of the cquinoifial
line, but the winds and currents would not fuffer
them at that time to land for any refreflimcnt. At
this time the whole crew were alike afilickd with the
fcurvy, and what was very diftrelfing they were attacked
ibon after in the night by a piratical vellel, which had
been feeii the evening before. She engaged them with
( wivcl guns anu fmall arms ; but though they could not
(ec their enemy, they returned her fire fo warmly that
they fent her to the bottom, and .ill her crew perilhed.
.As' to the SwiiUow (he received ("ome fmall dam:.ge,
and h.id two perions wounded on board. The veflrl
that (he funk belonged to a pirate who had no lefsihan

thirty »

ibS

1767

TU arrjv
M.i:.i:'.or

111 n-'isv
ct tl:= Ui
jovclnor.

THE VOYAGE OF

thirty of them engaged in the bufincls of plunder,
which conlhntly infeltcd ihcle feas.

The ilil'c;ifcs of Captain Carteret's men now daily
incuafcd. hy the i2ch of this month he had lulf
thirteen of his crew, and thirty others were almull on
the point of death. The welferly monfoon being fct
ill they could have no liopcs of rcacliing Batavia, and
their litiiatioii was fiich that they mult perifh if they
could not fpeedily make land. On this account, it
was rcfolved to llecr for Macallar, a Dutch fettle-
mcnt on the ifland of Celebes ; and happily they ac-
complilhed their dclign, coming to anchor off that
ifland, at the dillance of more than a league from
'" Macaifar, on the 15th of December.

The governor fent a Dutchman on board the Swal-
low late that night, wlio fecmed much alarmed on
finding that fhc was an Knglifli ihip of war, and
would not truft himfelf in the cabin. Early the next
morning the captain difpatched a letter to the govern-
or rcquclling Lave to buy provifions, and to Ihclter
his (hip till the feafon lor failing wellward came on.
The boat arriving at the fliorc, none of the crew were
luff..' red to land; aiiil, tlie lieutenant having refiifej
to deliver the letter to any but the governor himl'elf,
twoofficers, callcdtlie Sliebaiidar and tin- Fifcal, came
to him with a n.eli'a»/,c, importing that the governor
was ficlc and had cojnm.inded them to come for the
letter. The lieiitcnanl, though he ili'iuglu this was
only a mere pretence, at lei^th dclivereJ the letter,
wliieh they took away with them. After the boat's
crew hud waiteil without any refreftiment for feveral
hours in the luat of the lun, they were told that the
governor had ordered two g< nileinen to wait on their
c.ipuin with an anfwer. As the boat lay off the
\\ ii.iff, the people on board oblerved a great luiirv on
fliorc, and coniliided that all hands were biify in lu-
ting out armed Vwll.ls, a cireiimilance which could
not n.uch contrilmte to tiieir fatisl.iction.
our AeeorJinj to the pruriiire given, fooii a'tcr the boat's
-'h return, tuo j,uiiliinen of tile names of De Cerf and
Duuejas came with difp.itihe^, deliring, " That
th.j Ihip m:^',ht li-.ltaiitly dep.irt liimi the port, without
coming any n.r.ier to the tnvvn ; iiifilting that fhe
fhoiihi not .intlmi on anv part of the coalt, and that
the c.plain iliuuld not permit anv of ihe people to
I;uid on any |'lace under the governors jurildiction."
The cpptaiii could not but Imfibly feel the cruelty
of this proceeding. As the ffion5;elt argument that
cuulj liL ul^d in aiifwer to the Utter, he Ihewtd his
dying men to thegimlenun, and urged the neceflity
of tiiceale; n'.'r could they but feel the piopriety ol
gr.uuing ri.fri(hmeiit> to tlie fiibjict-. of a power at
police wall their couiitrv, and who wire in fueli a Je-
jilorable fiiuatiun ; but ihey obfcrved that their orders
W-re ubfiiKile and mull be obeyed. Iiicciifed at this
treatment, Captain Culeret, at laft, declared, that
he would con'.e to an anchor dofe to the town, and
th'ii, if tluy perfiUcd in rclufing him nccellary le-
frLfliiiKiUi:, th;\t he would run the fliip aground, whui
his crew would fell their llies as dear as pollible.
Beina; alar.ne I :\t this diilaration, they intreateU tut
captain to remain in his prclenl fituation till further
orders lli;>ulJ arrive. Tliis he promifed, on condition
thnt an anlwer ihould be fent before the letting in of
th- f.d-breeze the next day.

In the niorniiv; early, it was obfcrved that a floop
of war, and aiioiher vell'el with foldiers on boiixd,
anchored umler the (liip's bows. Tlicy refufed to
(peak with Captain Carteret, and as he \*'eighcd and
fa fail with the fet-brteze, they did llie fame, and
clofely followed him. As he proceeded, a vcffel from
the town ajiproached him, wherein «crc fevcal gen-
ti'Mi'en, .,iid Mr. Dougl.is ai.iiiigthemj but, till tlie
Swj'i.j'v dri,ip<d anchor th' 7 could not come on
b.'.itl. Til') cXjirelied foiiie i'urpii/c at the Lnijlifti
vcfi' I's h.iviii" advanced lo f'V ; but the capt.iin al-
leilg'd 1I1..1 Ik., iial only acted according to his former
deilar'tion, whii h his profent fituation would I'utii-
cieiitly julMy to every Candid perfon.

Theic gctillcnicn brought with them two Ihcrp, fonic
7

fowls, fruit, and other provifions, which were ex-
tremely welcome to the Englilh ; but, after they had
made feveral propofals, with which he could not com-
ply, he fliewcd them the dead body of a man who had
expired but a few hours before, and whofu life might
probably have been faved, had tlie Dutch fent them
a timely fupply of refrclhments, and again declared
lis relolution of executing what be had threatened,
f they would not comply with his requilition. His
guelts now enquired whether thefliip had touched at
the fpice iflands, and were anfwertd in the negative.
At lalt it was agreed, that the Swallow fliould fail
for a bay at a little diftancc, where an holpital for
the fick might be provided, and where jirovilions were
generally plentiful, and, if there was a want of any
articles, they might be fupplied occafiolially from the
town.

It will be imagined that a propofal of this kind
was readily agreed to by Captain Carteret ; all he in-
filled upon was, that it Ihould be ratified by the
governor and council, which was afterwards done in
tlie proper manner. He could not forbear afking,
however, for wliatrcafun the t.vo vellllshad ai^hored
under his ftiip's bows. H." received foraiifwer, that
this was only done in a friendly manner, to pioted
her from any infult that might be offered by the na-
tives of the country. While this treaty was going
forward, the Englilh captain had nothing to give his
guelts but rotten bifeuit and bad fait meat ; however,
they had ordered an elegant dinner to be drcU'ed on
board their own veffel, which was afterwards ferved
up at his table, and they parted in friendlhip.

I'lie next day an officer from the town came on
board, to uhom the captain applied to get money for
his bills on the Englilh government, lleproniiled to
endeavour to do this, and for that purjvife went on
Ihore, but wncn hu returned in the evening, he laid
that there was no perlon in the town that had any
c.ilh to remit to Europe ; that the company's cheit
was quite empty. This was a great difficulty ; how-
ever it was lurmounted at lall by an order being fent
to tile Kelidciit at IJoiuhain, W&ohad money to remit,
anti v/ho, in conli.quenee received the bills in qucltion.
Matters being thus aceominodatcd, they failed on the
20lh of December, and anchored in the road of
Bonthuin on the nil, at which time the guard-boats
were moored between them and the Ihore, to prevent
anv communication between the fhi|>'s boats and the
nativekof the country. The captain having waitedun
the rcfideiit, to fettle the mode of procuring provifions,
he had a huule appointed for him near aimall Dutch
fort. Ttic lick being now lanrled at this jdacc, which
was fitted up in the manner of an holpital, they were
put under a guard v, Inch was commanded by M. Le
Cerf, who would not fuffer them to go above thirty
yards from the Ipot, nor would he let the feanicn car-
ry on any fort of trei.ty with the natives, lo that all
the profits \, ere cngrofl^.d by the Dutch liildiers, vvholi
jains v.'ere immoderate j lo great indeed, that foinc of
tliem fold at more than a thoufand per cent, after
having extorted the proviiions from Ihe natives, at
what price they pleafed. Captain Carteret having
remonltrateil with the Refiileiit, on the injullice of
this procedure, he fpokc to the loluiers on the fubjciil,
but this produced no good eh'ect j and it was known that
after this Le Cerl's wife fold ]>rovifions at more than
double the prime colt while it was fufpcdtcd that her
hulliaiid f'llcl arrack to the leainen.

On the 26th and 27lh, three veffels arrived, one
of which hail troops on board, dellincd for the Hand*
Iflaiuls ; luit their boats not being allowed to go on
board the fliip, the captain prevailed on the Relldent
to purfeliale, for his ufe, tour calks of f.dt provifions.
Above one hundred f.iil of praws arrived in Bonlhain
Bay on the 2l;lli. Thefe veflels, which filli KHinl
the illiiid, ca;ry Dutch Cfdours, and fend the pro-
duce of their labours to China lor fale.

On the 1 8th of January a letter from MacafTar in-
formed Captain Caileu t, that the Dolphin, hi.i olJ
confurt, had arrived at liatavia. Ten days aftcrwaixis

the

M^;^;^

^^ ■

ti A P T A i N C A R r i. li T. 1

inc
1>

on
nt

lis.
iiin
ml

lO-

In-

oU
nils
the

the fccrewry, wlio liad been fcnt with LcCirfhad
orders to return to Macaflar. On the 19th of Feb.
Lc Ccrf liimfclf was recalled, and oh the 17th of
March the largcft of the guard-boats was ordered back.
On the nth the rcfidciit received a letter from the go-
vernor of Macafliir, enquirinff when Captain Cirterct
would fail for Batavia, though he muft know it could
rot be before the eaftt-rn moiifonn fct inj which would
not be till May. Aft thefe were fufpitious circum-
ftanccs; and toward thecnd of the month a cailoc was fre-
quently obfcrved paddling round thcfliipftvcral timr-s
in the night, but returned as foon as fhe « as difcovcred.
Various conjcilurcs were formed, relative to this
circumftancc and fomc others which appeared not to
wear a very favourable afpctt. In the mean time, a
letter was fcnt to the captain, wherein he wa» given
to underftand, th:it a defi^n was formed for his de-
ftruiftion : thefcheme w.ts laid to be laid by the Dutch,
but the fon of the king of Boily was to be the chief
p(*rfon to put it into execution, as he was on terms of
fricndfhip with them, ,who had often afliftcd Jiim in
his attempts to rcducethe rdft'of the ifland of Cclcfccf.
The pretended grounds for thefe proceedings were to
prevent the Englifli from forming connexions with
anyofthofc unlubducd natives. On receiving this
intelligence, though the captain could not be certain
whether it was true or net, yet he thought it highly
proper to put liimfalf in a pofture of defence. In re-
ality, lie fufpedtcd that the refident was concerned in
this piece of treachery, of which he had now received
information ; though as to this particular he had after-
wards fufficient reafon to believe orherwife ; but it
appeared that one of the princes, fubjcA to the kin^
of Bony, and a minifter of that monareh had been
privately at Bonthaii',, but of 800 men who were fai< j
to be there, no traces couKI be found.

On the 7th of May the captain received, through
the hands of the refident, a letter from the governor
of Macafl'ar, denying his hslvin-; any knowledj^e of
the above-mentioned projedf, and requiring that the
writer of the letter might be given up ; but this
requidtion was not complied with, as the captain
knew he would be equally puniftied, whether his in-
formation was true or falfe.

At this place they purchafed plentj- of frefii pro-
vifions, at moderate prices; and, among the reft,
beef of an excellent quality. 'I"he bullocks of this
country arc thofe that have the bunch on the back ;
and it abounds in buffaloes, horfes, fliccp, '"dei r,
and goats. The natives neither cat pork nor turtle;
but tlicy fold the latter, as well as other fifh, toCap-
tain Carteret.

Having taken in wood and water, they failed hence
on the 22d of May, and, (Jeering along the fliorc, came
to an anchor the fame evening between the iflaiids of
Celebes and To:iikaky. They failed again in the
morning, and at night faw the fouthcrninoft of she
iflands of Salombo. On the 26th they faw the ifland
of Luback; and on the 29th a numbcrof iinall iflands,
called Carimon Java.

On the 2d of June they had fight of the land of
Java, and on the following day came to an anchor in
the road ol Batavia, after having with difficulty pre-
vented the ftiip from finking, by thcconftant w'orking
of the pumps, during her whole pafTai^e from Celebes,
having fired guns of f«lut«tion, the captain attcndid-
the governor, reque.lKng pcrmiflion to repair the de-
fci5ls of the fhip ; but he was dircif.td to petition the
council. The council met on the Monday following,
when the captain fuit a letter, ftating tlic defrfls of
the ftiip, and requelHiig pcrmiflion to repair her. The
time from this day till the T ith of the month, was lo(i
in altercation', rcfpc'lini; the affair nt Bonth.nin Bay ;
the governor and council infifting, that Captain Car-
teret (hotild (ign a formal di-claration, that he believed
the report of an intention formed at CeUbey, for cut-
tine off the fliip, was falfe and malicious ; and he
on his part refolutcly pcrliiting in his refuf.il to fign
any fuch paper.

The captain learned, m\ the 18th that orders had
VvL. I. N 15.

been ifl'ued for repairing the (liii- :•■. OdmiH >• ii '"''
a pilot had attended her, and v heie Iht unnr u, -11
anchor, on the ^idof June. Tlie u'lviifs, liowe'. ■ ■,
being pre-engaged by other vell'els, it w.is the n'h
of July, bef/re the repiiir^ cor.r.uiixcd. The liii;>
when txa-.iiined, w.is l"und to he in lo dicnyed .wi
rotten a condition, that the Dutch carpenter v fiiild
not undertake to repair her witlunit fliiltinghcr v.lnle
bottmi, till thecajitain had certified umler Ins liaiv',_
tliat whatever fliould be done wi'.s in r(,rJ-(|uuK-e v.t
his own expref, dircificn. This pieciuiti'.n tli-
Outchman inlirtcd on, left, if the (h'p flioiikl iuv> ;
reach Ena-land, the blame miglit rimiiiii with hi'n.

Wliite""Captain Carteret ftaid :it this p'<;ri, hv d-.n
vifitcd Mr. Houtin;:;, an admiral in the Dutch lei-
-vicc. This gentleman wa-i remarkable lor his ))o-
litenefs and aft'ability, from w !iom the capt.iin r> eeived
great civilities. — 'l"he governor of Hataviri l;ee|'s the
(tatc of a fovcreign prince. \Vlicn he goes puhl'ely
abroad is attendeil by hoife-guards, and twi)hl;;ek fuot-
men run before his carriage. Iiaiiy othi r coach meets
the governor's, it is obliged to be drawn or. one fide,
and thofe who are in arc Oicii to get out, in order to
pay their refpcfts to him. Nor nuill any one that
is behind, pafs by that of his excellency, thc-ii^li
never fo much in haffe. The fame rules are obfcned
with regard to the honour Ihcwn thole of the couiir;!.
Only that the f.dute is given by the pcrfon wha'
meets him ftanding upright in his tarriiigc, inftcad of
getting out of it, and a member of the council has
only one black footman running before hi;, coach.
The blacks carry fticks, and threaten to ehaflife fuch
as do not comply with thefe arbitrary ciH'omS.

The mafter of the hotel where the Eijglifli captain
xlged, failed not to give his giicft notice of what
was cxpcifed from him n thefe particulars, but the
captain difdaincd to pay .uch homage to the governor
or council belongin;^ to the province of a npublic as
was not cxpeftcd by the king of Great Britain, he
therefore, in plain terms rcfuled to comply, and when
the hIAck fellows were mentioned to l;im r.s pe.fons
th^t were appointed to infirce compliance, he inti-
mated that he fhould have rccourfc to his piUols, if
.my infult was offered him. To prevent a contcit of
this nature, however, the governor thought proper to
fend him word that he mi^ht ac^ as he pleaTtd.

The Swallow failed from Onruft on the 5th of
September, the captain having recruited his crew by
engaging fume Englifti feanten, and the next day came
to an anchor oft'the llrei'j;hts of Suiida. Here he took
in wood i.nd w.ater, and laileil again on the 25th with
a favourable gale, which continued to carry him on
their courfe for the (pace of 700 leagues, and on the
23d of Nov. he anchored in Table Bay, at the Cai'c
of Good Hope. From hence they failed .-i!>ain on the
26th of January, the captain during his jlay havini'
received a number of civilities from the governor and
the gentlemen of this fcttlcmcnt. On the 20th of
January they came to an anchor oft' St. Helena, and
quitting that ifland, took their dqiartuie from thence
for Ensrland, on the 24th of the fame rr.onth. They
touched at AfcenfioR Ifland in their courfe, ancliorin"
on the laft day of Janu.iry, in a bay where they found
plenty of turtle.^ Thb veflVl failed again the (ucceed-
ing day. Th^' ifland is uninhabited and it has been
cuftomary to Ic.-ivc a letter in a bottle, containini^ an
account of the name and dcftination of any veflel that
might touch there, with which Captain Carteret com-
plied before he proceeded on his voyaK.

They obfcrvcd a ftiip on the iofli of Fchrunry
ft.indinjj towards tlicm. This vefTcl had been feen far
to the lcewar(^ the day before, but had outfailed the
Sw dlow in the night. She proved to be a French-
man, and tent her boat onboard, with a \oun» of-
licer, who had it in charge to endeavour to learn trom
Cajitain Carteret all the intercfting particulars of his
voyage, at the fame time that he took great pains to
difguife what related to his own. It was however af-
terwards difeovortd that the fhip from wiicncc he
had beeh fcnt, was M. Bougainville's, which, like'
^y the-

170

THE VOYAGE OF

the Swallow, was returning from a voyage round the
world, and which, as we have already noticed, had
followed Captain Wallis fo clofely through the
Strcights of JMaghell.in. The French captain had
learned the name of the Enelifli fhip from the letter
left in the bottle at Afcenhon Ifland, and took this
i fair nictLod of attempting to inform himfelf of
all that he wanted to know concerning the expedi-
tion.

But Captain Carteret was fo cautious and guarded
ill his converfation, that the French officer got no in-
formation of any confccjuencc to his nation from this
proceeding, while his own fecrct was difcovered by
his countrymen ; for the boat's crew that had brought

him on board, told the whole matter to one of the
Engliflimen who was able to convcrfe with him in hit
own language.

Nothing material happened to the Swallow from this
time, during the ivft of the voyage. Captain Car,
""■"cwe in fight of the Weftern IQands on the 27111
of March, 1769, and holding on his courfc, came to
ananchoratSpitheadon the fame month, after hav-
ing accomplilhed her voyage round the world, for
which it was fcarccljr pofliblc to conceive any vcflel
more unfit, and having fingly combatted fuch diffi-
culties as even whole fquadrons have found it impof-
fible to furmount.

THE VOYAGE OF CAPTAIN COOK ROUND THE WORLD,

2 -V ^i

In his Majcfty's Ship the Enoeavovr

vn !<j'«j;<.

: Undertaken in the Year 1768.

•rt

CAPTAIN COOK failed on this voyage the
latter end of Aucuft, 1768, having on board
Mr. Banks and Dr. Solander, two gentlemen of dif-
tinguiflied abilities, of whom we fhall fay a few
words, before we proceed with our relation.

The firfl of thele gentlemen, who was pofle/Ted of a
cnnlidcrable fortune in Lincolnihir? , had already been
on a voyage to Newfoundland, and was now defirous
of obferving the tranfit of Venus, in the fouthern
hemifphcre. On this expedition he engaged his
friend Dr. Solander to accompany him. The Doftor
had been appointed to a place in the Britifb Mufeum,
'"iMch he filled with credit to himfelf, and in which
he gave univerfal fati^fafiion. He was a native of
Sweden, and a man of great learning and capacity,
an adept in natural philofophy, and had (ludied under
the famous Linnxus. Mr. Banks took two draughtf-
incn with him, the one being intended to paint fub-
jcftsof nntural hiftory, the other to diliiicate figuies
and 'nndfrapcs. He had likcwife a fccrctary and four
fcrvants in his retinue.

The Endeavour quitted Plymouth on the 26th of
Cairtain C^iok Aii!;uft, and faw land between Cape Finiilerre, and
laiKii ir ' Iv Capi- Ortcgal, on the cooft of Gallicia in Spain,
mouMi with on the 2d of September. During their courfe, thefc
''"' two gentlemen faw feveral marine animals hitherto
unnoticed by naturalifts. One of thcfe is defcribcd
as a new fpecies. It is of an angular figure, near
three inches in length, and about one in thicknefs ;
it has a hollow quite through it, and a brown fnot at
one end. It fcemed that four of thefc animals were
joined together ; but when they were put into water
they feparated and fwam .tbout, fhining with a gem-like
brinhtnefs. There was alfo another animal of a beau-
tiful colour, fomcwhat rcferabling an opal. They
ohfcrved likewifefcveral birds not dcfcribedby Linnseus
at the diftance of about ten leagues from Caiie Finif-
terrc.

They difcovered the iflands of Puerto Santo and
Madeira, on the 1 2th, and on the 13th they came
tn an anchor in the road of Fonchial. In heaving
the anchor Mr. Weir, the raaftcr's mate, was un-
fortunately carried over-board and drowned. Mr.
Banks found here the tree called Laura Indicus,
the wood of which he fuppofes to be what is called
the .Madeira mahogany, as there is no real mahogany
upon the idand.

The people of Madeira appear to have no other ar-
ticle proper for trade than wine, which is made by
prcfling the juice out in ti fquare vcflel. The fize of
this vefll'l is proportioned to the quantity of wine,
and the perfons employed, taking ofF their cloaths,
get into it, and with their elbows and feet, prefs out
as much of the juice as ^hcy can ; in the fame man-
ni^r, the flalks bting tied together,arc alfo preflcd under
another fquare piece of wood by a lever, and a ftoiie to
7

fciiljcd.

extra£l the remainder of the juice. Wheeled car-
riages are not in ufe in Madeira, nor have they any
thin,; that refembles them, except a hollow boar«l
whicn is more properly a fledge, upon which theit
wineveflels are drawn. The foil is fo very rich, and
there is fuch a variety in the climate, that there is fcarce-
ly any article ei'.her of theneceflariesor luxuries of life,
which might not probably be cultivated here. On
the hills, walnuts, chefnuts, and apples flourifh, al-
moft without culture. Pine-apples, mangqes, gua-
nas, and bananas, grow almoft f])ontaneoufly in the
town. They have corn which is large-grained and
fine ) and it might be produced in plenty ; but for want
of being attended to, this is not the cafo, but all that
they confume here is imported from other countries.
Beef, mutton, and pork, are remarkably good here,
and the captain took fome of the former on board for
his ufe. Fonchial (which took its name from Fonclia,
fignifying fennel, in thePortuguefc language) is fttuate
at the bottom of a bay, and though it is extenfive in
proportion to the reft of the iflanu, it is but poorly
built, and the ftrects are narrow and badly paved.
The churches are full of ornaments, with pi£iure$
and images of faints ; the firft are, for the moll part,
wretchedly executed, and the latter are drcflcd in
laced cloaths. I'hc tafte of the convents, efpecially
of the'^.ancifcans is better; neatnefs and fiinplicity
being united in moftof thedefignsof the latter. The
Infirmary alfo is a piece of good archite£iure, and one
of the moft confidcrablc in the place. There are many
high hills here, and PicoRuivo in particular, is near
5100 feet in height. To a certain height thefe hills
are covered with vines, above which are numbers of
chufnuts and pine-trees ; and above thefe again whole
forefts of various forts of trees. The Mirmulano and.
Paobranco which are found among them, are un-
known in Europe. The latter of thefe is very beau-
tiful, and woukl be a great ornament to our gar-
dens.

The inhabitants of Madeira xrc computed to amount
to between feventy and eighty thoufand, and the re-
venue that arifes from the cuftoms is between twenty
and thirty thoufand pounds a year. Befides wine,
water is to be had here in plenty; alfo onions, and a
great number of fruits may eafily be procured, but fur
the obtaining of poultry and frelh meat it is neceflary
to get the governor's pcrmiffion.

The velTel failed from Madeira on the 19th of Sep-
tember, and on the 22d they faw the iflands of Sal-
vages to the northward of the Canaries. The prin-
cipal of thefe iflands was about five leagues to the ibuth
half-weft. They faw the Peak of TencrilF on the
23d, hearing wf ft by f'luth. The height of thismoun-
t.iin i.i cftimated at about 15,400 feet. On the 29th
they faw Bona Vifta, one of the C:\pe Verd iflands,
in 16" north laiituJe, and 21" 48' of w«ft longitude.

. lllitK.

CAPTAIN COOK.

'71

fei.

In their courfe from Bona Vifta to Teneriffthcy ob-
ferved great numbers of flying fiOi, which appeared
very beautiful, their fiJcs relcmbling burniOied lilvcr ;
umf Mr. Banks »ent out in a boat on the 7th of Oc-
tober, and caught what is called a Portuguefe Man of
War, together with feveral marine animals, which were
objedls of his curiofity.

They had now variable winds, with fome ihowers
of rain, and the air was fo damp as confiderably to da-
mage their utenflls. On the 2Sth of this month, Mr.
Banks {hot a black-toed gull, a fort of bird which
Linnaius has not defcribed, and whofe dung is of a
lively red.

On the 25th of Oftobcr they crofled the line with
the ufual ceremonies ; and on the 28th of the fame
month, when the (hip was in the latitude of Ferdi-
nand Noronha, and in 32° < weft long, they began
to look out for the ifland, and the Ihoals which are laid
down as fituate between it and the main ; but neither
the ifland nor the flioals rould be difcovered by our
voyagers. On the evening of the 29th they perceived
, . that luminous appearance of the fea mentioned by

-"S^n the "»*'g«»"' which fent forth ray. like thofe of light-
ning. As Mr. Banks and his friend were not
thoroughly fatisfied with any of the caufes which
have hitherto been afligned for this phcenomcnon,*
but rather thought it was occaficned by fome lumi-
nous animals, they threw out a calling net, in order
to try by experiment whether they were right in their
conjectures. A ffiecies of the Medula was taken,
which bore fome rel'emblance to a metalline fubftance
greatly heated, and emitted a whitifh light ; they
caught alfo fome fmall crabs which glittered very
much ; animals which had not before been taken notice
of by thecurious refearchers into the fecrets of nature. —
As provifions by this time began to grow fhort, they
rcfolvcdtoputintotheharbourof Riodc Janeiro. On
the 8th of November they faw the coail of Brafil,
ami Ipcaking with the cicw cf a Portuguefe filhing
boat, were informed by them, that the land which
thiry f.iw W.1S tothefouthofSantoEfpirito. Mr. Banks
buying fome fifti of thefe people was I'urprifed that
they required Lnglifli (hillings, and rcfufed Spanilh
filver. t

They made fail for Rio de Janeiro on the 13th in
the morning, and the hrft lieutenant was fcnt before
to the city to acquaint the governor thr; " c put into
tliat port ill order to procure gi pilot ant, proper re-
freshments. The pinnace returned, but the lieute-
nant had been detained by the viceroy, till the captain
flioulJ come on fliorc. When the Ihip had come to an
anchor, a ten-oared boat filled with foldicrs, ap-
proached, and rowed round her, but no converfation
took place. Prcfcntly afterwards another boat appeared
which had feveral of the viceroy's oflicers on board.
They enquired from whence the Endeavour cainc, and
what was her cargo ? They alfodcfircd to know the
number of men and guns (he carriejj, -.ind to what port
flic was bound ! All thefe quefiions bein^ puiidiually
and truly anfwered by the tnglifti, the otficcrs apo-
louized for having detained the lieutenant, and be-
haved ill the manner already related, pleading the cuf-
tom of the place in e xcufe for their conduft.

On the 14th the captain went on fhoie, and got
leave to furnifli himielf with provifioir;, which pcc-
miflion was clogged with tlic condition of employ-
ing an inhabitant as a faiilor. He alio found that it
was judged proper to fend a foldicr in the boat every
time (he cainc from (hore to the vcfliil. To both thele
circumftances Captain Cook made objeftions, but the
viceroy was determined to infilt on them, neither
would he by any means permit the gentlemen to remain
on (hore, nor allow Mr. Banks to go up the country
to colleiSl plants. The captain conceiving from thele

■■* Some have fupporcil it to b-: cAiiftd hy fiditstUnine; attlicir
prev i fome liavc ccnclu.ii:.! It to arifc from llit jtutrtTaflion ol
uiaiiiie ariniaU ; aiul otlicvs liave attiibutc<l it to ctcdricity.

+ Their \ cr.ctiaii and Toriugutlc intuprttcis toKl ihviiitlic

and other marks of jealoufy, that the viceroy thought i ;68

they were come to tr.ide, ufed all his endt:avours to *— — , '

convince him of the contrary ; and acquiintcd him
that thev were bound to the fouthwaid, »o ohi'erve
the tranlit of Venus over the diflc of the (u.., which
was an objedl of great confequence to the improve-
ment of navigation ) but the perfon to whom he ad-
drefled himfelf, feemed to be entirely ignorant of this
phoenomenon. An officer now was appointed to at-
tend the captain : this he was told muft be underftood
as a compliment. However, when he would have
declined fuch a ceremony, the viceroy very politely
forced it upon him.

The two gentlemen were not a little dif.ippointcd ,|,|, '',"c" "'
and chiigrined on hearing that they muft not be per-
mitted to rcfide on (hore, and ftill morefo when they
underftood that they were not even to be allowed fo
much as to quit the velfel. For the viceroy had or-
dered that none but the captain and fuch failors as
were required by their duty, (hould come on (hore.
Whether this arofe from his jealoufy in rcjrard to trade,
or from the apprehcnfions he entertained of the extra-
ordinary abilities of gentlemen fent on voyages of dif-
covery, it is certain that they were highly difagreeable
to the perfons prohibited, who were rciolvcd, if pofliblc,
to evade the order. They attempted to come on (hore,
but were ftopped by the guard-boat ; yet feveral of
the crew, without the knowledge of the centinel, let
themfelves down by a rope from the cabin window
into the boat, about midnight, and drove away with
the tide, till they were out of hearing. They after-
wards rowed to an unfrequented part of the country,
where they landed, and from thence went up the
country.

The captain failed not to remonftratc to the vice-
roy on the unreafonablenefs of thefe reftriiStions, but
the latter gave him for anfwer, that thefe were his
maftcr's orders, and mult be obeyed. Thus repulfed.
Captain Cook, much difpleafcd at this condu<5l, re-
folved to go no more on (hore, rather than whcn-evcr
hedid fo, to be treated as aprifoncr inhisown boat, the
oflicer who was fo polite as to accompany him, con-
(tantly attending him both to and from the (tiorc. A
refolution was now taken to dr.iw up two memorials,
to be prelented to the viceroy, one written by the
captain, and the other by Mr. Banks ; but the an-
fwers fent to thefe were by no means fuch as gave
fatisfaftion. In efFeft, fevtial papers paflcd between
them and the viceroy, to no good purpofe, the pro-
hibitions ftill'remaining as before. This caufed the
captain to judge it necclTary in order to vindicate his
own compliance, to urge the viceroy to fome att of
force in the execution of his orders. For this pur-
pofe he fent Lieutenant Hicks with a packet, giving
him orders not to admit of a guard in his boat. As
this gentleman was refolved to obey his captain's com-
mand, the officer of the guard-boat did not oppofe him
by force, but accompanying him to the viceroy, ac-
quainted him with what had happened, on which the
lieutenant was fent away with the packet unopened.
When he returned, he found a guard of foldiers had
been placed in his boat, which he infilled on their
quitting. The olficer then feized the bo.it's crew,
and conducted them under an efcort to prifon. The
lieutenant being fent back to the (hip, guarded. As
foon as the captain was informed of the tranfa£lion,
he wrote to the viceroy '.'" demand his boat and her
crew, inclofing the memorial which Mr. Hicks had
brought back with him. He fent thefe papers by a
petty olHcer, to avoid continuing the difpute con-
cerning ' guard, which muft have been kept up by a
commiflioncd officer.

An anfwer was now proinifcd by the viceroy, but
before this could well arrive, the long-boat, which

had

cicwof the i'!"'ni; vcfiil afTcitcii, that they had not fccn a fliip for
eight v"is ; . .1 as thefe men f[ioke the Enirlilli language very
itiipi:rlc.M\, 1:\ itifiural lo conclude dial lucre mult have L«a
loiiii; niilUki; in the iateip'^ctauon.

171

THE V O Y A G t (3 F

■68

■*•-

Kiu J<

JlCllU.

J-

had four pipes of rum on board (the rope breaking
tli.it was thrown from the ihip) wus driven to wind-
ward of her, together with a. fniull fkilF which was
fuHeiicd to her ; while the pinnace was (till de-
tained on lliore. Immediate oiders were given for
manning the yawl, which being dil'palcTied ac-
cordinglv with proper dirct^tions, returned, and
brought the people on board the next morning.
Captain Cooic learned from them that the long-btut
having tilled with water, tlicy had brought her to a
grappling, and quitted her, and falling in with a reef
€>( rocks on their r'.-tui >i, they were forced to cut the
falleiiiiig of Mr. Banks's little boat, and fend her
adrift. The captain now thought it would be proper
to fend again to the viceroy ; and accordingly liedif-
patched another Utter to his excellency, wherein he
informed him of the accid4.-nt, deftrcd he would affitt
him with . boat to recover his own, and at the fame
lime, renewed his demand of \\w delivery of the pin-
nace, and her crew. The viceroy at length complied
with the demand, and granted the requell . but in
his anfwer to the captain's renionftrance, I'uggcfted
fonie doubts that he entertained, whether the Endea-
vour was really a king's fhip, acculing thudenv of
finuggling. *

Captain Cook in his reply laid, that .'io\.'i;h the
viceroy h.id ulrcidy fccn his commiiric. , h: wis
willing to fhew itj adding, if my attei ut ihouM
be made to carry on a contrabaml 'rade, hv reqii .lied
his excellency would order the otii'.'nder iv, ■ t,.k('ii
into culbxiy.

The difpute was thus terminated j b:it M.'. I' '^< '",
thirll of natural knowledge led bm to it 'j.T.pt ;lu' .,i
the vigilance of the guar.!, wh. h nc ''.'U j.n:, t >

do, and got fafe on inore on the 26th i. . ....; niorrin";.

He took care to avoid the town ^nd ;ij<ild the ■'.;;/
in the fields, where be could beft { rati!/ 'ils cjiioiity.
He found the cotintry people ifieliiKil ;o i.'cat h. ■
with civility, and was invited to tli 'r habitr'.ions.
But as it was afterwards heard thn Can h had been
making for him while he was abfent, he and Di. So-
biider relblved to run no more rlliiues in going on
ihore, while they remained at this pl.ice.

Having taken in water and provHlioiis, they g* t a
pilot on board on the ftrft of l^ecember, when a co 1-
trary wind prevented them frum putting to ka. \
Spanifli packet from Buenos Ayres, bound for Spain,
arriviii'^ the next day, tlie captain of her was fo po-
lite as to offer his fjrvice toc.Miv Mr. Cook's dif-
patchcs to Europe, who accordn.itly fcnt by him all
the pa]>ers which li.ij pallid between him and the vice-
roy, leaving the uuplicatei of llieni with his excel-
lency.

It was not till the 7th that the (Endeavour got under
way, when having palLd the tort, tlie guard-boat left
them, and the pilot was dill harged. It was obferved
that during the three lalt months of their itay in this
place, the air was tilled with a certain Ipccies of but-
torflies. Of the town and luighbouring country we
have the follow ing defcripticin.

Rio dc Janeiro is fuppoled to have been called fo
Itecaufe it was difcovered oji the fcllival of St. Janu-
nrius. The town, which is the capital of the domi-
nions of the Po:tugiiefe, ia America, borrows iis
name from thiscircumllance.

It is lituated on the wetf fide of the river, from
which it extends itfelf about tiireequ.irters of a mile.
'Vh: ground whereon it Hands is a level plain ; it is
defended on the north tide by a hill that extends from
the river, having a fmall plain, which contains the
fuburbs and king's dock. On the t'outh tide is ano-
ther hill running towards the mountains which are
behind the town. Some of its Itreets run parallel
from north to (butli, and uro inteilciled by others at
ri'ht angles. The principal .'treet is near lOO feet in
widtl;, and extends from St. iienediil to the loot o(

Callle-liill. The other ftrecu itr c.7nilt)fn!y tyrarfj
or thirty feet wide. I'he Iiouks Adjoining to tin*
principal (trett ui« throe Hones high, but 111 other
places they are ycry irregular, though built after t!ie
fame manner a> at Lilboii, Jn the iovmi aie lourcon-
vents ) t*o Mt is that of the Ikiiedictine*, livnatid
near it^ northern extremity : t4xe (iruduie affords an
agreeable prolpuit, and contains an el, gaiit chapel,
.which isuiiijinentcd viih feveral valuable paintings,
'I'he lecund is tiiat of the Carmelite«, which forms
the centre angle of thu royal fquaie, and Ironts the
harbour ) its church had fallen fome time before, bat
it was rebuilding in a very el ;j..iit .naiiiiLr, with liiM
freollone brought thither from Lilbui;, I'he third it
that of St. Anthony, fituated on the point of a hill,
on the fuulh fide of the town ; before this convent
Hands a lars^e bafon of brown granite, in the form of
a parallelogram, which is employul in waihing. Tha
fourth is fituated at theeall'.-rn extremity of the town,
and was formerly the Jefuit's convent, but is now
converted into a military hol'pital.

The viceroy'^s p hce forms the rh;ht angle of fh«
royal fquare : ;hi ,->-lacc, mint, llables, goal, tic,
compote but one large buikling, which has two llories,
and is 90 feet fron. the water. In palfing through the
pilace, the firit entrance is to a large hall orguard-
.oom, to which there is an afcent of three or four
fte;)'.- Ill the guard-roam arc (fatioiicd the body of
gua ro., wli<! attend the viceroy, and are relieved
ev.y inorniiig between eight and nine: Adjoining lu
ti>L- hall are the Unbles, the prifon beinir in the back
part of the building. Witliin the guard-room is a
ilighi • I ilairs lor afcending to the upper ftory ; this
di' <!. .. at a landing-place about h.df v.av, and form*
■■' o branches, one leailing to the right, and the other
jiothelrft. The former leads ton falooii, where there
ja-'; tro officeis in conftant attendance- the viceroy's
I aid-'.'ii-camp at the tame time waiting in an anti-
j ; ami ?i- 'oriceivc me(la;j,e5 and deliver orders.
I I If. .at uiiig of the loyal fquarc is nn irrerjiihr
iiuilding, which coiifilh cliiifly ol (liops occupird by
trading people In the centre of tbe fijuare is a foun-
tain I'upplied witli water from a fprin:^ at the diftance
of three niile>, lioin which it isbiou"ht by an aqiic—
diift. Kioni this fountain both the lliippiiig and in-
habitants ,ire ;'u;)plied with water, the place being
eontiiuially crowded with negros of both lixes wait-
ing to (ill their jars. At the comer of everv iirect is
an altar. The niaiket-pLice extiiids from tiie north-
eaft end of the kjuare along the fliore ; and tl-.is fitu-
ation is very cuiucnient fur the lilliiny-boats, and
thofe who briiii; lenitablts from the (uher tide of the
river to market. Negros are almolt: the only people
employed in tilling the different commodities ex|Hile«l
in the market, and they employ their leilure '.imc in
fpinning cotton.

Without the Jefuit's college on the ftjore, is a vil-
lage called "^ueftra Seienora del 'Gloria, which i«
joined to th •■11 by a very few intervening '. nfes.
Three or to .1 hu.'ulred yard?, within the f.l'uit's
convent, thuds a very high cattle, i at it is falling to
decay. The hithop's palace is ; .»t jCO yards behind
the cenedicline co.ivent, and contiguous to it i-. a
magaiine of arm.i, furrounded \ a rampart.

'I'he gentry keep thiir chaile' vhich a . hawnbjf
mules; the ladies iiowever ule. i .Ian cbair, boardeJ
before and behind, with cur iis on each liJi\
which is earned by two iiegi - on a po)'.- con-
nected to the top of the chair v iwo rods ix>minj'
Irom under it:, bottom, one 1 11 eaciv tide, and iciling to
the top. The iiilLikuaiits Im-ewile iite hammocks or
taJAS, fupporlod in like niaiiner, a I 1 irouiided with
curtains. The apotliee.iries lliops in .his town com-
monly ferve the piirpolc of cofFee-houlCs, ce. the peo-
ple meet in thi.ni to diiiik ca^ill.iirc, am' pl.iy at
back-gammon. W hen tlie gentry are bxa abroad thcjr

^ It fi-eiu^ lli^c Mr. UaMli&'h t'crvjutw luU ^>>c on Itliir^ i)^
lliauj;i;iii, ui> ilu. >>d, carl) in die uiucoing, tnd iciiuincd lilt

nikilitt li-jt thtv hii.l binuf lit on lH..ir(i n«ltttU|^ ,jut ptmtk Md

•la'eds tu Liari/v tiicii uiallci\ cuiiotnv-
1 fc .

?v-."

CAPTAIN COOOK.

•73

are wcll-drcfled, though at home they are but loofely
covered. 'I'he Oiop-kci-pcrs have generally fliort hair,
and wear linen jackets with fleevts,

«• The women here, as in mod of the Portugucfc
and Spanifli fctrl mci.ts in South America, are more
prompt to grant i"iiorous favours than thofe of any
other civilifed parts of the world. As foon as the
evening began, females appeared at the windows on
every hde, who diftinguilhcd fuch of the men as bed
plealcd their fancies by giving them nofegays, and the
doAor and two other gentlemen, received lb many
of them, that they threw away thefe love-tokens by
hindfuls.

" As to the climate of Rio de J; .iro, it is healthy
and agreeable, and free from mo*, 'if thofe inconve-
niences incident to tropical countries. The air is
feldom found immoderately hot, as the fea-breezc
conltantly begins to blow about ten o'clock in the
morning, and continues till night, when it is gene-
rally fucceeded by a land wind ; though that does not
always happen. The fcafons are divided into dry
and rainy, though their commencement of late has
been irregular and uncertain. It appeared that the
rainy fcalons had almoft failed for four years preceding
Captain Cook's arrival in thofe parts i but at this
time the rain hadjuft began, and it fell in large quan-
tities during their ftay : formerly the ftreets have
been overflowed by the rain, and rendered impaflablc
with canoes.

" The atljaccnt country is mountainous, and chiefly
covered witii wood, but a fmall part of it appearing
to be cultivated. 'I'he foil near the town is loole and
f;indy ; but farther from the river it is a fine black
mnuld. It produces all the tropical fruits, fuch as
oranges, lemons, limes, melons, mangoes, cocoa-nuts,
&c. in great abundance, and without much cultiva-
tion, a circumllancc which is agreeable to the in-
habitants, who are very indolent.

" The mines, wliich lie far up in the country, are
very rich ; but their fituatinn is concealed, and nobody
can view them, except thofe v\ho work in them. Ilie
experiment is very dangerous", for every one found
upon the road wliich leads to tliem, is hung upon the
next tree, uiilifs he can give a fatislactory account of
the caufe of his being '••\ that fituation. About twelve
months before their i.irival, the government had de-
tctled fcveral jewellers in carrying on an illicit tr.ide
for diamonds, with the Haves in.the mines •, and im-
mediately afterwards a law pafled, making it felony
to work at t trade, or h;i>- any tools fit for it in pol-
fcflion, the civil olhccis i i .ng indifcriminately feized
on ?11 that could >• found. Near 40,000 negros are
arnually importto co dig 'i: ■• ik mines : tlicfe works
are fo pernicious to the numpa frame, and occufion
fo grc?' a mortality at. ont.'t the poor wretches cm-
ployed in them, that, in the year IT 1 , 20,coo more
were draughted from the town of Rio dc j[aneiro to
fupply the deficiency ot •!.. former number. There
are fi;veral courts of Jii.hce in the town, at all of
which the viceroy prcfiJcs. In criminal taufcs the
fentence is regulated by the mMority of voices in the
fupreme court. The vicer ; 1; .-> a counci' appointed
from Kurope by the king, to ulfid him in a.s private
department, where lie has two voices.

" The inhabitants of Rio de Janeiro maintain a
whale-fifhery, which fupplies then with lamp-oil.
They import brandy in.'.a the Azores, nnd their (laves
and taft India goods truiii their fettlcments in Africa,
their wine from Madeira "nd their European goods
from Lift- .n. The current ; >in is Portugi;efr,
which is hiuck here : She filvc. pieces arc called Pe-
t;icksof different value; and the copper arc five ani?
ten rcc pieces.

" Rio de Jar.rrr . i^ very ufeful for (hips that are in
want of refrefliPi (1 j the harbour is fafe and com-
n- .dii!.\«, a-i.' may be diftinguiflied by a remarkable
1 ill, '11 the ;l..ipc of a cone, at the weft point of the
hj). The entrance is not wide, but it is cafv, from
the fea-brery.e which prevails from noon to (iin-fet,
for :iny (hip r > eiitoi btfore the wind. The entrance of
/o).. I. N" 16.

the narrow part is dcfendeft by two forts. La Criir, 1769

and Lozia, ; they arc about three quarters of a mile *■ • v '

from each other. The bottom being rocky, renders

it dangerous to anchor there, but there is a way to

avoid that danger, which is to keep in the mid-channel.

The coaft abounds with a variety of fifh, among

which are dolphins and mackarel."

An amazing number of atoms were taken out of the F.xtr.innlinsry
fea on thegth of December. Thefe were of a yellow- [ubiLiicc.
iOt colour, and few of thtm were more than the 5tli [|^'^'"' '" "'•!
part of an inch long 1 nor could the bcft microfcope
on board the Endeavour difcover whether they be-
longed to the animal or vegetable creation. The fca
was tinged in fuch a manner with thefe equivocal fub-
(lances, as to exhibit broad ftrcaks of a fimilar co-
lour, for near the fpace of a mile in length, and for
feveral hundred yards in breadth. — Perhaps thel'e might
be the fpawn of fome marine animal, unknown ci-
ther to ancient or modern philofnphers.

Having procured idl necefTary fupplies. Captain
Cook left Rio de Janeiro on Thurfday, the 8th of
December, and met with nothing worth relating till
the 22d of the fame month, when numbers of birds
of the prtfitlaria genui were difcoveJ in 39" 37' of
fouth latitude, and in longitude 49° 16' weir, a num-
ber of porpoifes of a fingular fpccies alfo furrounded
them I thefe were of an afh-colour, and about 15
feet long.

On the 23d, an eclipfeof the moon was obfervcd ^
and a fmall white cloud appeared about feven o'clock
in the weft, from v' ich ifTued a train of fire, ex-
tending itfelf wefteny ; in two minutes time, they
heard two dillindl loud explofions like thofe of a ca-
non, immediately fucceeding each otlicrj and the cloud
difappeared foon afterwards.

They caught a large tortoifc called a logger-head,
on the 24th, and likewile (hot feveral birds, among
which was one of thofe called i\\q Jlbttroji, nicafuring
between the tips of its wings nine feet and an inch,
and two feet one inch and a half from the beak to the
tail. They ran upwards of fifty leagues on the 30th
through great numbers of land iiiled^s, fome in the air,
and fome upon the water, which appeared ex.iiftly to
refemblc our flies in England. This w.is the more
remarkable as our voyagers accounted thcmlcives to be
30 leagues from land.

Captain Cook now fuppofcd himfelf to be nearly
oppofite the bay called Sans Fond [or bottomlil'sj
where fome have coiijedlured there is a palTage that
divides America ; but the gentlemen on board rather
thought it might be a large river which had caul'cd an
inundation. They had much thunder and lightning
and rain on the ^ft, and the three following days.
They now faw (bme birds, about the fize of our pi-
geon, with white bellies and grey breails. They had
alio figh" of feveral whales.

On the 4th of January they perceived the appijar-
nnce of land, which they millook for Pepys Kland;
but (landing towards it, it proved one of thofe decep-
tions whick we have alrc.idy noticed. At this time
the I'ailori were fV./niflied with fear-nought jackett,
as is cuilo"!..! • in thefecold climates. Having palled
Falkland's Iflands at about thcdiitanccof four leagues,
they faw Terra del Fuego. Perceiving a fmokc they
took it for a fignal, as it did not continue after they
hadpafTed along the ihore to the fouth-eaft.

They entered the (freights of Le Maire on the
14th, but were afterwards driven out again with fuch
violence, (the tide being againft them) that thelhip's
bow-fprit was frequently under water.

J*', length however they got anchorage in a little „, ^
cce, which was called St. Vincent's Bay, where ],^. '"*'"'
the weeds, that were obfcrved upon rocky ground were
very remarkable. They appeared above the furface of
the water, where it is erght or nine fathoms in
depth. Their leaves v/tf. four feet long, and many
of the (talks of the Iciji . of an hundred feet, tho'
their circumference was not above an inch and an
half. Mr. Banks and the Doc>or went on (horo, md
returned with upwards of an hundred diftercnt plants
Z z »ttd

'7*

THE VOYAGE OF

Strang! In-
dians.

Mr. Banks
an Or. Sob
del ^0 u|> Li
couairy .

ami flowers, »f which none of the European botanifts
hid taken any notice near this bay. The country in
general was flat, and the bottom, in particular, was
a giafly plain. Here was plenty of wood, water, and
fnwl, and winter bark w.rs found in great plenty.
The trees appealed to be a fpccics of the birch, but nei-
ther large nor lofty. The wood was white and they
bore a Imall leaf. White and red cranberries were
found in thefc parts.

They came to an anchor on Sunday, the i8th in
twelve fathom water, upon coral rocks, bvfire a fniall
cove, at the diftancc of about a mile from the (bore.
At this time two of the natives came down upon th-:
beach, as if they cxpedtcd that the ftrangers would
land ; but as there was no (hclter here, the (hip was
got under fail again, and the Indians retired difap-
pointed.

The fame afternoon about two o'clock, they came
into the hay of Good Succefs, and the veiTcl coming
to an anchor, the captain went on fliorc, accompanied
by Mr. Banks and Ur. Solnnder, in order to li-arch
for a watering place, and difcourfc with the Indians.
Thefe gentlemen had not proceeded above loo yards
before the captain, when two of the Indians that
had fcatcd thcmfelves, rofe up, and threw away the
fmall (licks which they held in their hands, as a token
of amity. They afterwards returned to their com-
panions, who had remained at fnmcdiftance behind them
and made figns to their gucfts to advance, whom they
received in a friendly tho' uncouth manner. In return
for their civility, fome ribbands and bends were di-
ftributcd among them. Thus a fort of mutual con-
fidence was efl.iblilhcd, and the reft of the Englifh
joined the party, the Indians convcrfing with them
in their way, in an amicable manner. Captain Cook
and his friends took three of them to the (hip, dreflcd
them in jackets, and gave them bread and other pro-
vlfions, part of which tliey carried on (hore with them ;
but tluy refufcd to drink rum or brandy, making
figns that it burned their throats, as their proper drink
was water.

" One of thefe people {(ays our author) made fe-
vcral Icng and loud fpecches, but no part of them was
inteili,!;iblo to any of us. Another ftole the covering
of a globe, which he concealed under his gar-ncnt that
was made of (Itin. After having remained on board
aboui two hours, they returned on (hare, Mr. Banks
accnmpanyin;^ them. He conduiled them to their
companions, who Teemed no way curious to know
what thuir friends had fecn, and the latter were as
little dilpuftd lo relate as tiie former were to enquire.
Nonecl thefe piople exceeded five feet ten inches in
heii^ht, but their bodies appeared Jarije iuid robufV,
Ihounh their limbs were fniull. They had broad, flat
%:i.», high chocks, nofes inclining to flatncls, wide
noftnls, fni.il! Slack eyes, laige mouths, fmall, but
iodiffcftnt terth, ajid ftrai;;ht black hair, falling down
ever their cars and foreheads, the latter being gene-
rally inicaied with brown and red paints, and like all
the original n.itives of America, they were beaidlefs.
Their ^armtntb were the Ikins of feals and lanicoes,
which they wrapped round their (houldcrs. f"ho meu
likewife w.ire on their lieads a bunch of varn, which
fell over their foiehead», and was tied behnu with
the linews or tendons of fome animals. Vl.iny oi
both fcxei we:c painted on different paits uf their
boiiies with reil, \\liitr, and brown colours, and had
alfo three or four perpendicular lines prickid aciofs
tlieir checks, and nofes. The wimicn had a fmall
firing tied round each a.icle, and e-ach wore a flap of
(kin laftencd round iheniidille. 'J'lieycarricd their chil-
dren upon their backs, and were generally employed
in domL'ftie 1,-ibour and drudgery.

" Mi. Banks and Dr. Solandcr, attended by iHeir
r.i vaiit^, fet out lioin the (hip on the i6th, with » ii -
" fi. n of going into the country ».-, far as thoy could
it),it Jay, and returning ill. the evcnin;;. Havinacn-
lend a wood, ih' y afctnded a hill through a pat'ilefs
wild( rncfs till the afternooij. Alter thiy had reached
what .lie/ to<»k fpr a pUin, they were jjrcatlv difap-
.... 7

pointed to find it a fwamp, covered with birch, the
nufhcs interwoven and lo inflexible that they could
not be dividcti : however, a( they were not above three
feet high, they (lepped over them, but were up to the
ancles in boggy ground. The morniii); had beeii
very fine, but now the weather became cold and dif-
agrceablei the bladsof wind were very piercing, ami
the fnow fell thick ; neverthcleft they purfued their
route in hope of finding a better mad. Before thry
had got over this fwamp, an accident happened that
reativ difconcerted them : Mr. Buchan, one of the
raughtfmen, whom Mr. Baokt had taken with him,
fell into a (it. It was abfolutely ncccflary to ilop and
kindle a (ire, and fuch as were moft-fstiKucd rtfmoinrd
to affift hiin>{ but Mr. Banks, Dr. bolandcr, and
Mr. Monkhoufe proceeded, and attaiiwd the fpot
they had in view, where they found a great va-
riety of plants that iirati(ied tneir curiofity, and re-
paid their toil. On returning to the company
amidft the fnow which now fell in greater abundance,
they found Mr. Buchan much recovered. They had
prcvioufly fent Mr. Monkhonti and Mr. Green back
to him and thole that remained with him, in order
to bring them to a hill which was conjediurcd to lia .
in a better track for returning to the wood, and which
was accordingly (ixcd on as a place of rtndeavou;.
They refolved from this hill to pals through the fwamp, Tlu;ii JiOitl-
which this way did not appear to be more than hal(^°"
a mile in extent, into the covert of the wood, in which
they propofed building a hut, and kindling a (ire, to
defend thcmfelves from the fcverity of the weather.
Accordingly, the whole partv met at the place ap-
pointed, about eight in tlte evening, whilft it was ftili
day-light, and proceeded towards the next valley.

" Dr. Sohnder, having often pafled over moun-
tains in cold countries, was fenfible, that extreme cold
when joined with fatigue, occafions a drowfinefs that
is notcafily rrlirted ; he therefore intrcated his friends to
keep in mot ion, however difagrccable it might be to thehi.
His words were — Whoever fits down will deep, and
whoever fleeps will wake no more. — Every one ieemed
accordingly armed with refolution ; but, on a fuddcn,
the cold became fo very intenfe as to threaten the mnfl
dreadful cttcdls. It was now very remarkable, that
the Doflor himfelf, who had fo forcibly adnionifheJ
and alarmed his partv, was the firft that infiftcd to be
fuficred to lepnle. In fjutc of the moll earned intrca-
ties of his friends, he lay down amiilft the fnow, and
it was with difficulty thjt they kept him .iwake. One
of the black (crvants alfo became weak and faint, and
was on the point of following this b.nd example.
Mr, Buchan was therefore detached with a party to
make a fire at the iirft commodious fpot they could
find. Mr. Banks and four more remained with the
doilor and Richmond the black, who with the utmod
difficulty were perluadcd to come on ; .ind when they
had traverl'ed the greateft part of the fwamp, they
cxprelTed their inability of going any farther. When
the black was told that if he remained there he would
(oon be frozen to death, his reply was. That he was
lo much exhaullcd with fatigue, that death would be
a relief to him. Dotlor Solandcr faid he was not un-
willing to go, but that he muft fird take fome
deep, (lill porlllHng in ailing contrary to the opinion
winch he himl'elf had delivered to the company. Ihiis
refolved,thcy boili fat down.ftipporfcd by fomebufhes,
and inafhorttime fell alleep. Intelligence now came
from the advanced partv, that a fire was kindled about
a quarter of a mile farther on the way. Mr. Banks
then awakened the do(5tor who had already almoll loft
the u(i: of his limbs, though it w .s but a few, minui.cs
fincc he fat down i nevcrthrlefs, he confentcd to go
on, luit every nicafurc taken to relieve the black proved
inell'citual. He remained motionlcfs, and they were
obliged to leave him to the care of a failor, anJ the
other black lervant, who appeared to be the Icpft
hurt by the cold, and they were to be reliiMcl as foon
as two others were fufficiently warmed, ii fill their
places, '("he dodtoi, wiih much diffici:'l\-, was got to
the iitc ; am' at tu lliolc who were lint to relieve the

com-

^'-V

CAPTAIN COOK

-li

p, Tliiii Jil'ii-l-

.Ijlc-

rh
to
:r.

<1J
mt

itO

m.
inJ
u-i
pu

nft
fiat
K-cl
ibc
ca-
iiid
)ne
ind
)le.

to
uld

le
loft

•y

ly
iin
uld
was

n-
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KS,

lOUt

nks

left

I .'S

jvca
k'cre
tlie
cult
boil
heir
t to
• the
;cm-

cnmpanlont of Richmond they returned without hav-
injj been able to find them. Vviut rendered the mor-
lihcation flill greater was that a bnttle of rum (the
whole (iock ot the party) could nut be found, and
was judged to have been left with one of the three
that were milling.

" There was now a fall of fiiow which continued
for near two liours, and there remained no hopes of
feeing the three abfent perfons again. At twelve
o'cluck, however, a great fhoutinc was heard at a
dillance, which nive incxpreflible latisfiition to every
one prefcMt. Mr. Uanks and four others now went
forward and met the failor, who had juft ftrcngth
enough left to walk. He was immediately fent to the
fire, and they proceeded to feck for the other two.
I'hey found Richmond upon his legs, but incapable
of moving them ; the other black was lying fenlelefs
upon the ground. All endeavours to bring them to
the fire was fruitlcfs ; nor was it poiTiblc to kindle
one upon tlie'fpot, on account of the fnow that had
fallen, and was falling i fo that there remained no
alternative, and they were compelled to leave the two
unfortunate ncgros to their fate, after they had made
them a bed of the boughs of fomc trees, and covered
them over thick with the fame. As all hands had been
employed in endeavouring to move thcfe poor blacks
to the lire, and had been expofed to the cold for near
an hour and an half in the attempt, fome of them be-
gan to be a/Hiv,Vd in the fame manner as thofc whom
they were to rdievc. Brifcoe, another fervant of
Mr. Banks, in particular, began to lofe his fenfi-
bility. At lad they reached the fire, and pafTcd the
night in a very difagrecable manner,

" The party that fet out from the fliip had confifled
of twelve i two of thefe were already judged to
be dead, it was doubtful whether the third would be
able to return on board, and Mr. Buchan, a fourth,
feemed to be threatened with a return of his- fits. The
ihip they m I oned to be at the diftance of a long day's
journey, through an unfrequented wood, in which
they might probably be bewildered till night, and
having b en equipped only fora journey of few hours,
•hey had not a lutHciency of provifions left to afford
the coil ;iany a finglc meal.

" On th'! i^iii .It day-break nothing prcfentcd it
frlf to the V ew all around but fnow, which covered
alike the trees and the ground ; and the blafts of wind
were lo frequent and violent, that their journey feemed
to be rendered imprailicahic, and tt.ey h.id reafon to
dread periflting with cold and famine. However,
about fix in the morniuj', they were flattered with
a diiwn of hope of being delivered, by difcovering the
tun tlirough the clouds, which gradually diminiflted.
Before their fetting out, melTtngers were difpatchcd
to the unhappy ncgros ; but thele returned with the
melancholy news of their d ath. Though the (ky
liad fl itterci! the hopes of the furvivors, the fnow con-
tinued fallini; very fall, a circumftancc which im-
)>eded their journey, hut a breeze fpiiiiging up about
eight o'clock, addtd to tlic influence of the fun, he-
pan to clear the air, and the fnow falling in large
flakes from the trees, gave tokens of a thaw. Hun-
ger prevailing over every other confidcration, induced
ourtravcUers to dividethc fmall rcmainderof tlieir pro
vifione, and to fet forward on their journey about ten
in the morniiisr. lo their great alioniihmcnt and
fatisfaflion, in about three hours they found th^n
fclvcs on the (liore, and much nearer to the (hip than
t1ii:ir moll faii:;uin:; expectations could have fuggeftcd.
When th.'v 1 oked back upon their former route from
the fen, they f.iiinl lh.it iulieaJ of afccndinu; the hill
in a diretf l;u; , i:i-y hid m.ide a circle almoft round
the countrv. l.h\ their return, thefe wanderers re-
ceived iiieli congratulations from tliofe on board as
can nic eafily Ik- ini.ijjinrj tlian exprelFed."

Mr. Haul:- an ! Dr. ijolander went on fliorc again

in the j'llh < ( iliis nionlh, landing in the bottom of
111- b;'v, wh re they eolliifled a number of fliclls
and jiianti, hiihertu unknown. After having re-

turned to dinner, they went to vifit an Indian town,
about two milcs'up the country, theaccefs tn \vliich,
on account of the niud, was difficult. When they
approached the town, two of the natives came out to
meet them, who began to fliuut in their ufual manner.
They afterwards conduiSted Mr. Banks and the Doe-
tor to their town. It was fituate on a fmall hill,
over-fhaded with wood, and conlillcd of about a dozen
huts, conftrudted without art or regularity. They
were compol'ed of a few poles inclining to each other
in the (hape of a fugar-loaf, which were covered on
the weather fide with grafs and boughs, and on the
other fide a fpace was left open, which fervcd at once
tor a fire-place and a door. They were of the famo
nature of the hutii that had been leen at St. Vincent's
Bay. A little grafs ferved for beds and chairs, and
their utenfils were a bafkct for the hand, a fatchel
to hang -iiion the back, and a bladder for water, out
of whicji they drank through a hole near the top.
This town was inhabited by a tribe of about 50 men,
women, and children. Their bows and arrows were
conftruiled with neatnefs and ingenu'ty, being made
ofwooil highly polifhcd, and the point which was
either glafs or flint, very Ikilfully fitted. Thefe lat-
ter fubltanccs wercobferved among them unwrought,
as alfo cloth, rings, buttons, &c. from whenc' it
was concluded that they fometimcs travelled to the
northward, as no fliip, for years paft, had touched at
this part of Terra del Fucgo, The natives here did not
(hew any furprife at the fight of fire arms, but appeared
to be well acquainted with their ufe. It is likely that
the fpot on which the Doitor and Mr. Hanks met
them, was not a fixed habitation, as their houfes did
not feem as if they were ercded to ftand for any long
time, and they had no boats or canoes .imong them.
They did not appear to have any form of government
or any ideas of i'ubordination. I'hey feemed to be the
very out-cafts of men ; and a people that pafied their
lives in wandering in a forlorn manner over dreary
waftes i their dwelling being a thatched hovel,
and their cloathing fcarcely fufficient to keep them
from pcrifliing with cold, even in thefe uncoiulortable
climates. Their only food was fhell-fifh, which on
any one fpot mud foon be exhaufted ; nor h.ad
they the rudefl implement of art, not even fo much
as was neccflary to drcfs their food, yet amidfl all
this, we arc told, that they appeared to enjc- that
content which n feldom found in great and populous
cities i a fpccics of content, which if they really enjoy-
ed it, mufl have arifen from ftupidity, afatisfaaion
the offspring of the greateft ignorance.

Such is the ftate of uncultivated nature j fuch the
rude form which uncivilifed man puts on. The
wants of thefe people feemed to be few ; but fome wants
all mankind muff have, and even the moft liinple of
thcni, thefe poor favnges appeared fcH'cely in a con-
dition to gratify. The calls of hunger and thirft mu!:
be (■beyed, or man mult pcrifh, yet the people in
qucllion feemed to depend on chance for the means of
anfwering them. Thofc who ciin be happy in fuch
a fituation, can only be fo, uecaufe they have not a
due feeling of their mifery.

Wc know that there have been admirers of fimpic
nature amongft the philofophcrs of all ages and na-
tions 1 and certainly fimple nature h.is her beauties.
In regard to the vegetative and brute creation, fhe
operates with rcfiftlefs energy 1 her power is prevalent
as her pencil is inimitable ; but when wc afcend in
the fcale of beings, and come to examine the human
race, whatfliall vvcfind thfm, without cultivation .' It
is here that inftinft ends and reafon begins, and with-
out entering into the quellion, Whether a {{ate of
nature is a ftate of war .' when we obferve the innu-
merable inconveniences to which thofe are fubjeifl on
whom the light of icicncc never dawned, we may eafily
determine in the favour of thofe arts which have civi-
lifcd mankind, formed ihcm into focieties, refined
(heir manners, and taught the nations where they have
prevailed, to protcil thole rights which the untutored

ravages

»7I

'769

176

THE VOYAGE OP

1769 favaje« have ever bwn obliged to yield to ihc fuperior
, i< abilities of their better inllriidlcd invaders, and have
thin fallen a prey to Kuropean tyranny. •

No other quadrupeds than leals, tra-lioni, and
does were obfcrveH here. From a hill, Mr. Banks,
indeed, remarked the impreflion of the foot-ilept of a
large animal, on the furf.icc of a bog, but of what
kind it was he could not determine. There wore no
land-birds fecn here larger than an Lnglifh ',i!ack-biid,
hawks anil vultures exicplcd ; there were ducks and
other water-fowls in abundance. Shcll-fifh, clams,
and limpetD, were very plentiful here. The country,
though not cleared, produced no fpecies of hurtful
or troublcfome animaU. A great variety of plants
were found by the Dodor and Mr. Hanks. 'I'hc
beach and the birch which grow here may be ufcd for
timber. The wild celery (as well as the fcurvy-
grais) is fuppofed to poflcfs antifcorbutic qualitiis,
which cannot but be of fervice to tlic crews of fuch
ftiips as touch here after having been on a long voyage.
The latter is found in abundance near fpniigs and
in damp places, particularly at the watc'ini;-place in
the bay of good Succefs, and rcfcmblcs the Knglifh
cuckow-flower or laJy's-fmock. The wild celery is
like that of our gardens, but the leaves arc of a deeper
green. It grows in plenty near the beach and upon
the land above the fpring-tides, and taftcs fomcwhat
like pardey mixed with celery.

On Sunday, January 22, Captain Cook having
got in his wood and water, failed out of the bay, and
iiecrcd his courfc through the Strcights of Ma
ghellan.

Notwithftanding the terrible defcription which fome
voyagers have given of Tnrra del Kucgo, the people
on board the Endeavour did not lind that it had fuch
a very forbiddine aCpeit- On the contrary, they
found the fca coalts and the fides of the hills cloathed
with verdure. The fummits of thefe hills were in-
deed barren, Va; the valleys appeared rich, and a brook
was generally f( und at the foot of almoft every hill.
Though the water had a rcddifli tinge, it was far from
bcinj ill-taltcd.

The ftrcight of Le Mairc is bounded on the weft by
Terra del i ucgo, and on the caft by the well end of
St;.[cn Land, and is near five leagues in length, and
as many i.i breadth. The bay of Good Succefs is
fiti'.atc about the middle of it, on the fide of Terra
del Kuigo, which piofcnts itfelf on entering the
ftrcight from the northward. The fouth head of it
may be diftinguiflied by a land mark, rcfembling a
road from the fea into the country. It aft'onls good
anchomge, and plenty of wood and water. Statcn
Land did not appear to nptain Cook in the fam'; man
ner a« it did to Commodore Anfon. The horror and
wildnefs with which it appeared to the commodore
was not difcernible to our voyager On the contrary,
theland feemed not to bedeftitutc of wooil and ver
dure, nor covered with fnow ; and on the nortli fiJe
there was the appearance of bays and harbours. It i.,
moft probable that the ftafon of ir.i- year snd other cir-
cumftances have concurred to furnish us with tliefedif-
fcrent dclcriptions of a land which at beft mud be
owned to be difagreeably fitu/tted.

The fliip .uTetl from Cape Home on the 26th
of January, the weather being then very calm ; and
Mr. Banks went on board a fmall i'oat in order So
fiioot birds, when he killed fome fheer- water s, and
albetrofles, the latter were larger than thofe caught to
the northward of the Areight, and proved to be very
good food.

Captain Cook had the good luck to find no diffi-
culty in doubling Cape Horn, and had a very diftiniV
view of the coaft, the weather being fair and tempe-
rate. On the firft of March they were in 38 " 44' of

* For t comprehenfu c: fyllcm of all die ufcfii] arts, fee tlic
Kew and Comnleis Diftionary of Arts and Sciences, written
by tlie Rev. Mr. Midttlctnn, and other gentlemen uf abilities,
wlxreclie principle; uf every ait a,c trrau-d in lueti a iiiannei

fouth latitude, and no' 3-}' of weft longitiiJe, both
by the log und by the obtervalion, a coiuurreiiie very
fingular in a run of 660 leagues, and wl 'th tuuled to
prove that no current had att'e<;ted the fhip in her
courfe, and it was likewife concluded that Iht had not
come near a continent of very lariT extern fioiii a pa-
rity of reafoning. Mr. Bank killc.l nioit th-ii Oo
birds in one day, and caught two forcU flies, luch a«
had never yet been dikribcd ) he alfu found a cutilc-
Hlh different from thofe of this name gtnerally
feribed in Europe. This liili which h*i a ''.-uble
row of talons, refrmbling thofe of a cat, wjiich it
could put forth or withdraw at pleafure, when drediil
made good foup.

A youne fellow about twenty threw himfclf over-
board on tlic 25th, on accoi.nt of a tjuarrel alxiut ■
piece of fcal-lkin which he took by way of frolic, but
being charged with it as a theft, he took it lb much
toheait, that he could not endure tu live after fudi an
accufation.

On Tuefday the i4lh of April, Peter Brifcoe, fer-
vant to Mr. Banks, difcovered land to the fouth, at the
dillance of about three or four leagues. Tlte captain
imiTicdiately gave orders to haul up for it, arid found it
was an ifland of an oval form, with a lagune [or lake]
in the middle which extended over the grealeft part
of it. The furrounding border of land was low ami
narrow in many places, efpccially towards tiie fouth«
where the beach confillcd of a reef of rocks; three
places on the north lide had the fame appearance ; fa
that on the whole, this l.iiul feemed to refemble
feveral woody iilands. There was a large ci>iinpof
trees to the weft ward, and in the centre were two co-
coa-trees. The veflel came within a mile on the
north fide, but no bottom could be found at 130 fa-
thom, nor any good anchorage. I'he ifland was co-
vered with trees ; but no other fpeciet than the paiia
and the cocoa-nut tree could be ilifccrued from on
board. Several of the natives were difcovered on
ftiore. They appeared to be tall, with heads remark-
ably lari;e, which probably fome baml.iee might have
incieafed. 'i'hcir complexion was of the copper co-
lour, :ind their hair was black. Some of thefe peo-
ple were I'ecn a-brca/1 of the fhip, holding polei or
pikes of twice their own height. They then ap-
peared naked, but when they retired, on the fliip'a
pafling by the i.lands, they put on a light-coloured
covering. Some clunipr of palm-trees fervcd for their
habitation., and the ;ippearance of the grove* was
very agreeable. The/ called this place Lagune liland;. ,. .

it lay m latitude 18" fouth, and longitude 139' weft. ^
In tiic afternoon the captain faw land again to the
north-weft, by fun-fet he re ched it, and found it
a low circular illaiul, in circumference about a mile.
The land appeared here covered with verdure, but of
various forts, but no inhabitants were ieen, nor any-. _

cocoa-trees. It was called Thrumb-Cap by the gen'i ,™"""^*
tlemen on board.

Thev continued their courfe on the sth, with a fa-
vourable trace wind, and faw land .ibout three o'clock p ij„j
to the w'-ftward. It was a low land, in form rcfem-
bling a bow, and appeared to be about ten or twelve
leagues round. Its length was between thr,x: and
four leagues, its width that of above two hundred
yards. The beach was flat, and feemed to have no
other herbage than fea weeds upon it. T)ie refem-
blance of a bow was picfervcd in the nic\\ and cord
forming the land, while tlic intermediate fpacc was ta-
ken up by water; the arch in general was covered
with trees of* various verdure, and of dift'erent
heights.

Having failed along the beach within a league till
fun-fet, concluding that they were half way between
the two tufts of trees that they had fecn, they founded.

From

CI.

.15 to he fuited to all capacities, and the whole circle of fcienicv
U fully illuliiatcd and explained. This Diflionan i' riiK.priled
in only eiphty nuinhcis, and includci all the ucvv difcovctin ir
the Uvcial ^rtt. and Sciences.

,-«siJit*.-

T^^r^^^

P T A I N COOK.

in
it

■oc
fa
;>lc
of
»-
the
fi-
co-
ilra

on
jk-

lave
c«-
leo-

or
ap-

ircd
heir

'"J-'Ulunelflind.

reft.

the

lile.

""yThnimb Cip

fa-

cni-
rclve

?nd
drcd

cno
fem-
cord
ta-

ered

rent

; t'.n

wccn
ided.
'roiti

tic. ir

f inm the fmukc th.it had been fccn here, our voyagers
coiK liidcd the place to be inliabitcd, and gave it the
naino nf Haw IJIanil.

On Thurfday the 6th, «bout noon, land wai again
ffcn to (lie well j at three o'clock they came up with
it. It (ecmed to be divided xntit two parts, which
had the appearance of two coIlcAions of illands, tu
the extent of about nine Icacues. Tht two lar^rft
were divided froin the others by a (Ireiglif, the breadth
of which was about hilf a mile. , ^,

There Wert fonieof thcfc iflands about ten miles m
length J tut they appeared like long narrow ftrinus
nf land, not above a quarter of a mile in breadth.
They produced trees, howeVer, of different kinds,
amon'^ which the cocd^i-tre'e was fcen. Some of the
inhabitants came but iii their canbes, and two uf them
made at if they intended to come on boaid ; but thcfc,
like the reft, ftopped at the reef. After the captain had
got about a league fi'oifl the fiiore, he faw foine of the
natives following \i\ l canoe with a faili but (he
like'Wife ftopped after ftie palled the reef. From tbe
nbfervatlolis ma'Je oh thefe pcuple, they appeared to
be about the common fize, and well made, their com-
plexion was browli, ar.d they were naked. — In
eeneral, they bore two weapons, ohe of tticm was a
lone pole, ipear-pointed, and the bther rcfemliled a
toaddlc. Several of their canoes wtTQ conftrudVcd in
liich a manner as not to carry more than three peV-
fons J others wtrre fitted up for fix or fcvcn j one of
thefe boats hoiftcd 'a fail, which was converted into
an awning when a (how'e'r of rain fell. The captain
did not chufe to ftay far aViy of them ; neither could
fie no^ his offfccrs determine whether the fig-
nals made by the natives were meant for defiance
or for invitation. However, the captain did not think
proper to try theexpcriment, being fatisfied that fhould
thefe people endeavour to oppofenis landing, itmuft
toft them drnr, whereas the ifland appeared to be of
ho impoVta'ncc, at (Irrfdiitirtg nothing of Which the
Ihip's company were at that time deftitute. He there-
fore refolved to pafs by this place, and proceed to the
ifland where illrcdlions were given to make the aftro-
linmical obfervations already mentioned, the natives
of which he conceived would make no refiftance, as
they had already experienced the danger of oppoflng
the force of an European nation'.

On t'.ic 7th, about fix in (lie itiorning, another
ifland v. ' Jhcdvcl-cd, which was about five miles in
circuml. .ICC, I'lting very low and had a piece of
water in the midJle of it. It was woody, and cover-
ed witft verdure, but no inhabitants were fecn upon
It by thofc on board. The Englifh called this
Bird in«nJ. li,ri} IJUttnl, from the birds that were fecn flying
round it.

la the afternoon of Saturday, they faw land to thi
northward, ahd cabib abreaft of it in the evening, at
about fltrc ihilcs diltahce. It feemcd to be a chain of
Iflaiids. It was of an oval figure, and confiftcd of
coral and fand, with fome clumps of fmall trees, and
a lagunc [or lake] was in the middleof it. It received
Clitin Iflaad. the name of Chain Ifandi on accoliht of its appeair-
ancej i ^ ,

Ofilabdrgh Iflaiid, already mentioned, was fcen on
the idth, aud the fame day they made Otahcite, or
King George the Third's Ifland, as Captain Wallis
bad denominated it. The (hip wais prevented from
approaching it by the calms, till the i2th, when a
breeze fprang up, and feveral canoes were feen hiak-
ing towards the fliip, biit tKofe who were in tlie near-
eft of thefe canoes feemcd to be very fhy of coming
on board. They had brotlght with them young plan-
tains and branches of trees, which Vvere handed up
the fhip's fide, and, by their dcfirc; were ftuirk in
confpicuous parts of the rigging; as tokens of peace
and friendOiip. Then the Engfifh battened WitK the
Vol. I. N» i6.

* The trtt which bears this fruit is thout the file of the horfc
clicfnut i iti letvct >re near * foot and a half in length,
in Ihapc olilong, and very much rcfcmble ihofe of the fig-
lice, Tlic fiuli it fuinciliing like that of the Cantalou^ic nialuii,

Indians for their carpocs, \sliiili toiiiillid nf bicad
fruit, Wiianas, apples, and figs.

•*7
I76(]i

They o|Hned the iiorlh-wtft point of thi illi, I.:
iich tlie Dolphin's people had j^ivin ihi.- .i|
>f York Ifland, on tlie eveni:ig nf this \\.v

which

I polLiliuPl" i|viin rifii
Thi V ^iii>x' «• ""
■ay ofi'aiidun ill night, and enUted I'ort Un.il I l.u- '''•''•
hour on the 13th, in tlic morniii^.', ami i mk to .in
anchor within half a miiv' of the Dioic. S>.\i'ial('l
the natives came off iminediately in tlKii i..iiiik<>, ji. I
brought with them bread-fruit,* cocoa-i.u;.-, anii .i|>-
ples, belidcs fome hcgs which they bautrcU for b'.uii*
and other trinkets with the fhip's coinp;ui)'. The i>l<l
Indian that was fo well known to .Mr (Jorc .11. d
others who had been on the ifl.Mid with Mr. V\'alli>l,
came on board. His name was Oii/v/iii ) and bciii,(
looked upon as a >ery ufeful man, they \\i.re gl.'.d uf
his cotnp.my. , .

The veflel being fctured in a pro|)cr manner, the
caplaiii, Mr. Banks, and Dr. Sulandir v.cnt on ihure
with a party under arms. Some hundreds of thi- na-
tives recei\ed them \\ilh awe ard reverence ; and t'le
tokens of peace being exchanged the Indians (.jfl'eri\1
to conduit them to a fpot of ground whr.h it would
be more convenient for them to uccup), tlian that
where they had landed. The offer was accepted, and,
on I'^eir way, the Knglifh made the Indians fome pre-
fcnts vhich the latter very thankfully received. I hey
now took a circuit of about four miles through groves
of the bread-fruit and cocoa-trees. Intermingkd with
thefe were the dwellings of the natives, v.liith con-
fifted of huts without walls.. They found but few
fowls or hogs in tlieccurfcoftheii journey, and under -
flood that ncinc of their conductors, nor any of the
people they had hitherto lien were |)crfons of rank in
th'; iP.and. Such as h.id before been at Otaheite iii
the Dolphin, were like»ife of opinion, that the
queen's refidcnce was removed', as there Were no trace*
of it now tobc difcoVered.

Before they left the (liip the next morning, feveral
canoes were (ccn full of ptoplc wliofe drefj indicated
them to be of a fuperior clalV. Two of ihem eame on
board, when each fixed upnn a friend, one rhofe
Captain Cook, and the other Mr. Banks, at the fame
time performing the ceremony of taking off great part
of their cloaths to put on the Englifh geiulenitn, « ho
prelen'ted tht^m wi'.h fonic trinkets in return fi.r iheij
compliment. They afterwards made figns for their
new friends logo with tliun to their habitation. As
the captain was defirous of being .^cquaintcd with the
people, and of finding out a more convenient huibour,
he accepted the invitation, and went with lhi.in, ac-
companied by Mr. Banksj Dr. Solandtr^ and others.
They landqd at the diilance of abolit tlirtc miles,
among a great number of the natives who brought
them to a large houfc; where they were intioiluced to
a middle-aged i^an, named I'ootahah. As loon .is ihcv
were ifeated, this Indian prefentcd Mr. Banks with li
cock and a hen and a piece of perfumed cloth; whicll
compliment was Vcturned b^r a prcfent from the En-
glifh gentleman. After this they were conducted to
feveral large houf^s built in the manner we have al-
ready defcribed, where they were kindly received by
many of the natives of both fexes, and afterwards
met with another thief, whpfe name was Tubora Tu-
maida, with whom they fettled a treaty according
to the fafhion of the country. This chief gave them
to underftand thit if they chofe to eat he had provl-
fioi^s at their fervicei which he vcorjingly prodiji:edi
*' In the courfe of this vifit (iVys my author) To-
mio, the chiefs wife plnqed herfclf upon the fainc mat
with Mr. Banks, clofe by him ; but as.fhe was not
young, nor appeared ever to have polfeflcd many
charms, this gentleman paid little attention to her,
ant) ftie received the additional mortification of Mr.
Banks's beckoning to a pretty girli who; with fome
A » » reluiaancei

it -I inclofeil in a thin (kin, and its core is as larpc as a man'a
thum'j, its fubltance is fomewliJt like ihat of nirw luta,), iml
of the whitenefs of a blanched almond. It it roalleU bilurc it
it eaten, and hat very little tailed

•^v^

IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)

/(
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^^5^

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v.-

1.0

L^12.8

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11.25

Hiotographic

Sciences
Corporation

33 WEST MAIN STREET

WEBSTER, N.Y. 145S0

(716) S72-4S03

^^ ^\ '^^rS

'4^

f.i

THE VOYA«E OV

|-Cl»

• I

! A

ri!iKl,.iKV, i-.Tfin: .iiiit |)I.ii<il horfilf by him. The
luincilV was I'lincrthat ch.iyrincd :it this preference
;,'ni.ii to her livali iii verthelels (he cnntiiiueil hir
.iilijiiiiiev tolK-rpiKll. Ihiswhlnificil liieiic wasintcr-
nijitiJ In an iviiii ul a mcirclerious nature ; Dr. S<>-
JaiuliT ha' in^', mjUld his opera k'^'S ■' timiplaiiit ua*
mailc to llie ehiet, which intcmiptoj the convivini
party. 'I'hi. lompl.iiiit was iiiforced hy Mr. Banks's
itariiny up and tfrlkin^ the butc-cnd of his muCquct
.1;. iiill tlie ".round, which ftruck the Indians with
iiK-h a panii that all of tliun ran precipitately out of
(lie hniifo, < xcept ihc chief and a few others of the fn-
(I'lior clais, I'htt nudiliulfant.'vgcous notions mi^;ht
'\ enlcria'ncd .if them on account of this circuni-
il.iMcc, theehiil ohicrvrd, with aji .lir of great pro-
ln(\. Tint th.'pla.e which thi Doctor Imd mentioned
tui tills xccafioii, was not within liis dilirifl, but that
lu' \vc<uU k'nd to the chief ot it, and endeavour to
r^'co^cr it, aidin.', tliai if this could not be done,
he W(>u!i'. rr.;>i c t!ic Dodor compcnfation, by giving
liii'i :.i n.kl; new cloth, (of which he produced large
i)'Miit('i.".; .''.s fliould b.' thought equal to the value.
i'lij cr.fi however w.Ti brought in a little time, and
ilurlafs itfcH ;o()n after, which deprived us of the
111- lit v.e (liould othcrwife have had in refufing the
' loll, which had been ofFer^-d us. Hut it afforded an
opportunity of convincing the natives of our gcnc-
loiity, by hviOiing rewards upon them for an ac-
tion, to which fc!(-intercft had been the motive, ra-
ilicr than any fcntiment of probity ; to which, from
numerous tr.inf.iJtions, they appeared to be abfolutely
ifrangcr^. After this adventure was amicably ternii-
natcir, we returned to the ftiip about fix o'clock in
the cveninj. On Saturday the 1 5th, in the morning,
fcvcral of tlic chiefs, one of whom was very corpu-
lent, came on board from the other point, bringing
with them hogs, bread-fruit, and other refrefhments,
in cxchmgc for which they received linen, beads, anil
other trinkets i but foine of them took the liberty of
ftealing the linhtning chain. This day the captain,
atteiidinl by Mr. Banks, and fomc of the other gen
tlenien, went on fliorc to fix on a proper fpot to eredt
a fort for their defer.ce, during their ftayon ihe ifland,
and the ground was accordiiiirly marked out for that
purpofe J a great n'lmher of the natives looking on
all the while, and behaving in the moft peaceable and
friendly maiiiirr."

As Mr. Banks and his frierds had feen fo few hogs
and poultiy in their vt-alks, they fufiie<5led that they had
been driven up the eouiitry ; for which reafon they
determined to penetrate into the woods, the tent be-
ing guarded by a petty officer and a party of marines.
t)n this c.xcuifion fevtral of the natives accompanied
the Englilh. While the party were on their march
they were alarmed by the diichr.rge of two pieces
fired by the guard of the tent. Owhaw having now
called together the captain's party, difpcrfed all the
Indians, except three, who in token of their fidelity
broke branches of trees, according to their cultom,
and whom it was thought proper to retain. When
they returned to the tent, they found that .nn Indian
having fnatchcd away one of the tcntinel's mufqucts,
u young niidlhipman, who commanded the party, was
fo imprudent as to give the marines orders to fire,
which were obeyed, and many of the natives were
wounded J but this did not fatisfy them, as the of-
f( iider had not fallen, they therefore purfuetl him and
revenged the theft by his death.

This acHon which was equally inconfiftcnt with
policy and humanity, could not but be very difpleafiiig
Co Mr. Banks ; but as what had pafled could not be
recalled, nothinj remained but to endeavour to ac-
commodate matters with the Indians. Accoidingly
he cnllc'd the river where he met an old man, thiough
whofj mediation feveral of the natives were prevailed
to come over to them, and fo give the ufual tokens of
fri.Tallhip. The next morning, however, they faw
ba! lew of tile natives on the b-anks, and none canie
on board, from whence it was concluded that the treat-
ment they had received the former day was not yet

forgotten, anri the Etigtifli vvfrc confiimcd in iliii
opinion by Owhaw'shnving leh thrm. Iii c<uifei,ueiuc
of thefe circtiniftances, the captain biou^lii the fl.ip
nearer 10 the Ihore, and niemrcd her in futh a manner
as to make her bruad-fide I>c;u on the fjiot which they
had marked out for eredijig their little forti«icatu.ii.
But in the evening the captain and fomc of the gen-
tlemen going onfiiore, the Indians caiiie round them,
anil trafficked with them as ul'ual.

On the 17th, Mr. Banks had the tnisfortunc to lofe
Mr Buchan. The fame day they received a vifit from
I'ubora Tumaid.!, and Tootaliah. They brought
with them fomc plantain braoclics, tni till thefe were
received, thev would not venture on board. They bat-
tered feme bread-fruit and a hoe which was ready
dreflcd, for nails, with the Engliu.

On the 1 8th the fort began to be erc£lcJ. And
now fume of the company were cmploycj in throw*
ing up intrcnchments, whilft others were buficd ia
cutting f.ifcincs and pickets, in which work the In-
dians aliiftcd them. They fortified three lides of tfae
place, with intrcnchments and pallifadocs, and upoa
the other which was flanked by a river, where a breaii-
work was formed by the water-calks. The natives
brought doMn fuch quantities of bread-fruit and co-
coa-nuis this day, that it was neceflary to tefufc them,
and to let thctn know that none would be wanting fur
two dap. Mr. Banks flept for the firll time on uioie
this ni^ht. None of the Indians attempted to .ap-
proach his tent, he had however taken the precaution
of placing centinels about it, for its defence, in cafe
any attack fiiouUI be meditated.

Tubora Tumaida vifitcd Mr. Banks at hit tent on
Wednelday the 19th, and brought with him his wife
and family with the materials for crc£iing ahoufc, in-
tending [o build it near the fort. He afterward*
alked that gentleman to accompany him to the woodsy
On their arrival at a place where be fometimes re-
fidcd, he prefentcd his guefts with two garments, one
of which \.'as of red cloth, and the other was made
of fine matting ; having thus clothed Mr. Banks, he
conducted him to the (hip, and flaid to dinner with
his wife and fon. They had a di/h fcrved up that day,
which was prepared by the attendants of Tubora
Tumaida, which Iccmed like wheat flour, and being
mixed with cocoa-nut liquor, it was ftirred about till
it became a jelly. Us flavour was fomcthine like
blancmange. A fort of market was now cftabliflied
without the lines of the fort, which was tolerably well
fupplicd, and Tubora Tumaida was a frequent gueft
to Mr. Banks, and the other Englifli gentlemen. He
was the only native that attempted to ufc a knife and
fork, being fond of adopting European manncm.
The furgeon being abroad on bis evening walk, re-
ported that he h-id feen the body of the man who had
been <hot from the tent, of which he gave the follow-
ing account. ." The corpfc was dcpofitcd in a
fhed, clofe to the houfe where the deceafcd had refidcd
when he was alive, and others were within ten yards
of it. It was about fifteen feet in length, and eleven
in breadth, and the height was proportionable. The
fides and one end were inclofid with a fort of wicker
work ; the other end was intirely open. The body
lay on a bier, the frame of which was of wood, fup-
ported by |h>(Is about five feet high, and was covered
with a mat, over which lay a white cloth: By the
fide of it lay a wooden mace, and towards the he.> '
two cocoa (hells ; towards the feet was a bunch of
grei n leaves, and fmall dried boughs tied together,
and (luck in the ground, near which was a (lone about
the fizc of a cocoa-nut ; here were alfo placed a young
plantain tree, and a ftone axe. A great many palm-
nuts were hung in (Irings at the open end uf the (hcd ;
and iho (1cm of a palm-tree was (luck up on the out-
fide of it, upon which was placed a cocoa-(hell filled
with water. Ac the fide of one of the poOs there
hung a little bag with fome roadcd pieces of bread-
fruit." — The natives -ATre not pleafed at his approach-
ing the body, their jealoiify appearing plainly in their
countenances and geflurcs.

7 On

Captain cbbK.

Iheir
On

On the 22d they were cntert;iincd by fomc of the
Kiuficans of the country, who pci formed on an inftru-
ment foracwhat refcmbling a Cicrman flute; but the
performer blew wirh his noftril inllcad of his mouth ;
feveral of the native* accoirpanied this inflrument
with a particular tune.

Some axes were brought by the natives to the Rng-
liflt to grind and repair, and moll of them appeared
to have been left there by Captain Wallis and his
people. There was however a i* rench one among the
rcll, which it was found at lall they hnd received from
M. Bougainville when he vifited thif'e parts; in th^
courfe of his voyage round the world; as the reudcr will
fee in its proper place.

Mr. Banks and the Uoflor mode an exciirrmn into
thecountiy on the24th, and found it level and fer-
tile for about two miles along thelhcireto the eaft-
ward ; farther onv they found the hills ftrctch to the
water's edge, till at laft they r.-in quite out into the
fca. Having pafled thcfe hillsv which continued
about three milcsi they dcfcricd an extenlive plain
where the houfcs were good ; the people feemed to
enjoy aconfiderable (hareof property; and the place
was rendered ftill more agreeable bv a wide river ifl'u-
ing from a valley that watered it.-^ — When they
had eroded this river, perceiving that they vierecome
into a barren country, they rcfoived to return i but juft
u they were about to put their refolvc into execution,
they were offered fome rcfrcOiment by a man whofe
fkin was of a dead white, and his hair and eyebrows
were as white as his (kin. I'ubora I'umaidir and his
women expreflld great joy when they bet the Eng-
lifli on their return.

Several of the gentlcmens knives being miflingon
the 25th, Mr. Banks who had loll his amongll the
reft, accufed Tuborn Tumaida of having taken it,
which, as he was innocent, occafioned liim a great
deal of unmerited anxiety. It was fomc time before
he could forget the injury, and at lail it was found
that Mr. Banks's fervnnt had millaid it. I'he In-
dian, with the teirs ftarting from his eyesj made
ligns that if he ever had been guilty of fuch an ac-
tion as was imputed to him, he would fufFer his throat
to be cut. But though he was innocent of this nccu-
£ition, it appeared that the natives of tliis ifland were
very much addicted to thieving.

Six fwivel guns were mounted upon the fort oh the
24th, on which the Indians feenicd to be in ereat trou-
ble^ and feveral of the fifhirmcn removed tnemfelves<,
fearingi hotwithftanding all the marks of friendfliip
which had palled between them, that within a few
days they (hould be fired at from the forti

Notwithftanding this jealoufy, Tubora Tlimaida
came with three of his women, and an acquaintance
of hit who was .1 remarkable glutton^ to dine at the
fort} aflv which he went back to his own houfe in the
wood. It was not long after that he returned, to com-
plain to Mr. Banks that the (hip's butcher had threa-
tened to cut his wife's throat, becaufe (he would not
barter a ftone hatchet for a naih As it appeared that
he was to blame, he was flogged in the veflcl in fight of
feveral of the natives, who were humane enough to
interfere, and beg for his releafci — they (heweil great
concern, and even burft into tears when that favour
was denied them.

In the forenoon of the 28th the Indian canoes
were continually coming in, and people of both
fexes filled the tents at the fort. The maftcr of the
Eitdeavour now wcnton (hore, where having feen a
female whofe name was Obcrca) he declared (he was
the (ame perfon whom he judged to be the queen of the
ifland when he was there with Captain Wallis.

It will naturally be im.igincd that the attention of
all was fixed on a perfon of whom fo much had been
faid bv the captain and crew ot the Dolphin; With
regard to her perfon, (he was tall, and rather large
made { her (kin was white, and (he had once been
handfome, but as (he was near forty, it was no won-
der that her beauty was on the decline ; hct* eyes, how-
ever, (till retained gr«at cxprelHon. It was not long

before this lady was conduclnl fii hnnrd v. ith loiiK 0:
tier familv. Among fcvtrni |iri.ltnts tli;il (liiTvCcl^i. I,
was acliild'sdull th..t (he fctmiJ to In- very ntti-ntivu
in viewing. She was cfcorted 011 flioiv liy the c;)- ."
lain, to whom (he pave a hog and fonu' plantain?, in
return for his prelints ; — tlicf'; marks of hir I'jvoui
were carried in a fort of prnci/Ton, the rear nf \\ liith
was clofcd by th*; qtiecn and the ciptiin. — Fiuy is
found among thofe who are fiippofcd to ht- the rhililan
of fimple nature ; this pert is but too .ipt to f<iw h- 1
bakfiil fnds in every breall. Her influence was plai'i
enough here, though in a matter which to an l'.iiri>
pcan was raihera lubjcdl of laMi;hter than of firious
confideralioii. As thiy proceeded they met Tootaliah
who, though he did not appear to be king of the
ifland, yet aiilcd .is if he thought he had a right td
fomething like fovireign command. He immediately
(hewed figns of jealoufy at Oberea's having tlitdoll ;
nor could there be any means found of conciliating
his friendfliip (however abfurd the prcfcht tnighl ftcm)
without complimenting this chief with " the baby of
a child" and fo prevalent is fafliion in every countryi
when the great ones lead the way, that no* a
doll was preferred to a hatchet ; but a very (hort
time taught the Indians to find their miftake, and the
ufefulncfsof iron in the end prevailed over every other
confideration. As to the natives who now came on
board) the men ate heartily of the (hip's provifions,
but the women did not chufe to partake of any of
them ; and though they were Courted to dine with
the gcntlemehj yetv for reafons which remained a fecrct
to thofc who folieited them, they chofe to cat of plart-
tains with the fcrvants.

Mr. Banks paid a vifit to Obci-ea on the igth day
of the month, but foUnd that (he was aflecp under the
awning of her canoe-, and going to call her up, was
not a little furprifed at finding her in bed with a youn'r
fellow of about twenty-five years of age, a circuni-
fiance which caulcd him to retire rather (JifconcL-rtc-Ji
and with fome precipitation. But as wc have alrddv
obfcrvcd, a commerce of this kind was by no meari^s
uncommon in the ifland of Otahcite ; the .ladies br-
ingall of eaf'y virtue, frequently tourtinc; t"ic nun to
their arms, and making no ft-crit of t'leir amorrus
dalliance. On this occafionj Mr. Banks was giica tu
underftand that fuch an intrigue as this was not ton-
fidcrcd as Icandalous, and that the perfon found in bed
with the queen, whofe name was Obadie, was well
known to her fubjeifts to be the companion of her looftf
hours.

Oberea-, however) foon fpt iip and drclTti! licrrdf
to Wait on her Englifh friend. After dreflinr» hirn
inafuitof fine cloth; they proceeded together'^to the
tent; and Mr. Banks paid a Vifit toTubora Tumaida
in the evening. He was aflonifhed to find this chief
and his family in tears, nor could hedifcovcr the rea-
fon while he remained with them : But, on his return,
the ofliccrs acquainted him that Owhaw had been fo
weak as to pretend to forrtcll that the guns would be
fired within four days, and this was the eve of the
thirdj which had occafiohed thcit- alarm- As the
gentlemen Were apprehenfive that fome ill confcqiicncc
might arife from this preporTcfTioni the centihcls were
doubled at the fort^ and they themfelvcs thnui>ht it
neceflary to keep under arms j but Mr. Banks walk-
ing his bounds about two in the afternoon; finding
nothing that might tend to encourage his luCpiciohs;
he dropped them and refted fecUre in the fort.

On the 30th Tomio came in great haftc to the tchtf ,
and taking Mr. Banks by the arm, told him that Tu-
bora Tumaida was dying, owing to fomething that
had been ^iven by fome of the Englilbj and entreated
he would inllantly go tohim.

Mr. Banks weht accordihg tb ttieii- defire, and found
the Indian very ftck: He was told that he had been
vomltingi and had thrown iip a leaf which thrv faid
contained fbhieof the poifon. Mr. Banks having ex-
amined the leaf, found it was nothing but tobacco
which the Indian had begged of fomc of the {hip'<
company. '

ivfi-,

4k-

THE VOYAGE OF

1769

I { ![

■ i

«*^

The matter, however, appeared in » very frrious
light to Tubora TumaiJa, who really concluded
from the violent ricknelt he I'uA'ercd, that he had fwal-
liitvcd Tome deadly drug, the terror ol which no doubt
contributed to niukc him yet more rick. While Mr,
lianks was examining the leaf, he looked up to him, a>
if he had been jult on the point of death. But when the
n.iturcuf this dreadful puifon was found out, he only
orJcrcd him to drink of cocoa-nut milk, which fijoii
rrliored him to health, and he was as chcarful at be-
fore the accident happjned.

"I'hcfe people feemed In particular inAances to be
iTonictimcs lirangely affli£ied from flight caiifcs. At
Vine time a certain female attendant of Tubora Tu-
maidji c.ime to the tent in the ereatcft feeming aiHic-
tion, the caufe of which coulii not be difcovcred :
the tears gufticd from her eyes, and (he feemed to be
In all the bitternefs of grief. When flic was afkcd
thcoccafion of all this, ihc refuted to make any an-
fwer, but ftruck herfelf with a fliark's tdotli Icvcral
times upon tlie head, till flie caufed the blood to flow
plentifully ; yet fevcral other lndi.ins who were pre-
ient, continued talking and laughing without being in
the lead concerned at her forrow. She afterwards
picked u|> liimc pieces of cloth that flie had thrown
down to citch the blood, and call them into the fea,
as if flie meant to fignify that flie wiflied her unac-
countable behaviour might be forgotten. Afterwards
flic bathed herfelf in the river, and returned with great
chonrfulnefs to the tent ; and focndcd the whole matter.

Capt.iin Cook having produced an iron adze, which
was made in imitation of the flone ones ufcd by the
native;, fliewed it to Tootiihah, as a curiofity. The
latter fnatched it up and infilled on having it; and
though he was offered the choice of any of the articles
in the cherts which were opened before him# yet he
would not accept of any thing in its Dead. A chief
dined with them that day, who haJ been on board
fome time before, accompanied by fome of his women
that ufed to feed him. He now came alone ; and when
all things were fet ready for dinner, the captain helped
him to fome viifiuuls, fuppofing that he would have
difpeiifed with the ceremony of being fed ; b.it he was
dceuvcd ; for the chief never attempted to eat, and
would have gone without his dinner, if one of the
fcrvantt liad n-it fed him.

They took the allronomical quadrant and (bme of
tile inrtruinents on fliore that afternoon ; and to their
^reat furprife when they wanted to make ule of the
cjiiaJrant, tlic next day, it was not to be found ; a
ni^iiter which wa'i looked upon as the more extraor-
dinary, as a ccntinel had been placed for the whole
nj^lit within a few yards of the place where it was
depiiflteil.

At (irrt-(heir own people u'iera fufpeAed of being
concerned in this theft, and, as the inftrumeht had
never been taken out of the cafe, it was fufpet^ied that
fume perfon might have carried it off, under the fup-
pofitiim that its contents were articles ufed in traffic.
A Itrici fearch was made in and about the fort, and a
conn<Icrablc reward ottered in order to obtain it again.
But all this proving fruitlefs, Mr. Banks, accom-
panied by Mr. Green and fome other gentlemen,
fct out for the woods, where they thought they might
proliably get feme tidings of what was ftolen. In
their way, they met with Tubora Tumaida, and fume
t>f the natives. This chief was made to underfland
bv figiis, that they liad loll the quadrant, and that as
fume of his countrymen mult have taken it, they in-
filled upon being fliewA the place where it was con-
tealed. Havin^procecded a few miles together, after
loinc Hiqiiiry, Tubora Tumaida was informed who
the thief was, and it was found that he was then at a
plarc about four miles dirtanti As they had no arms
Iiut J brace of pifluls, not caring to truft themfelves
fo fir fiom the fort, a mcflage was difpatched to
Captain Cook, fequefting him to fend out a party
to fupport them. The captain accordingly fet out,
with a party propi-rly armed, after having laid an cm-
tar-jo upon all the canoes In the bay.

In the mean time, Mr. Banks and Mr. Green )>ro-
cceded on their way, j^ndat the place which had beAi
mentioned, were met by one>ot'l'ubora Tumaida's
own people, bringing with him pari of the quadrant ;
the rail? and the other part* of the inftrumcnt wen;
recovered fuon afterwards, when it wai found that it
had received no real injury, though it had been taken
to pieces.

When the^ returned in the evening, they were much
furprifed to nnd I'ootahah under coniineroent in the
fort, while a crowd of the natives, (who thought he
would be put to death) furrounding the gate, dif-
covcred marks of the greatcft anxiety for the fate of
their chief.

I'he caufe of his detention originated from the con-
du£l of the Indians : alarmed at Captain Cook's
having gone up the country with an armed party^
mod of the natives left the fort that evening, and one
of the canoes attempted to quit the bay. The lieui'
tenant who commanded on board the wip, having it
in charge not to fuffcr any canoe to depart^ fent a
boat to detain her, but flie no fooner approached;
than the Indians jumped into the fea. Tootaluih being
of the number, was taken up, and fent by the lieu'
tenant to the officer that commanded at the foctf who
concluded he fliould du right to detain him prifonen
while the poor chief thousht of nothing but being put
to death, till Captain Cook caufed him to be re<
turned to the great joy of his countrymen. .

But the natives were ftiil inclined t9 bear this
affair in their minds, and as a proof of it, they neg-
Iei5led to fupply the market with provifions. Mr.
Banks walking into the woods, heard great murmur4
ings concerning the treatment of I'ootahah, who, as
they faid, had been ill ufed and beaten, though Mrj
Banks declared he was quite ignorant of his having
received fuch treatment.

The chief now fent for fuch hdgs to be reflor>
ed as he had left behind him at AtA, intending
them as a prefcnt, which by this time, perhapsj
he did not ihitik the Englifli had merited j but
they refuted to lt:nd them unlefs he would come
himtelf, thinking by an interview to promote a re-
conciliation ; and this they were the more defirous of(
as they were told it would be a fortnight before he
would pay them a vifit.

Provifions were How extremely fcarce, as the
iqarkets continued to be ill fUppIied on the account
already mentioned i and it was not without fome dif-
ficulty that Mr. Banks got a few baflceis of bread-
fruit from Tubora Tumaida. Tootahah now fent
for an axe and a fliirt in return for the hogs, which
were accordingly promifed to be brought him the next
day. He fent again early in the morning of the 5th,
and Mr. Banks and the DoAor fet out in the pinnace,
taking with them one of Tootahah's people^ and (boa
reached Eparre, where he refided, which was a few
miles to the weftward. When they arrived there^
they found a great number of the natives waiting for
them on the fliore^ and were c<mdufled direilly to
the chief, the people notwithflanding the oftence they
had fo lately taken, flioutine out in their language,
" I'ootahah is your friend. He was fitting under a
tree, and fome old men were ftanding about him. Hav-
ing made figns for them to be feated, he aflced for the
ax«, which was then given him bv Captain Cook,
as alfo the fliirt that he had demandetl, and a broad-
cloath garment, which latter he put on, and was well
pleafed'with the prefent. They ate a mouthful toge-
ther in the boat, and were afterwards conduced to a
large court-yard oil one fide of the chiefs houfe where
they were to be entertained with wreftling after the
manner of the coiintryi He himfelf fat at the upper
end of the area, having feveral of his principal men
on each fide of him, who appeared as judges of the
fport, which is dcfcrlbed in the following manner.

" Ten or twelve combatants entered the area 1 :
and after many fimple ceremonies of challenging, .
they engaged, and each endeavoured to throw his
antagonift by mere ftrcogth : thus they I'eized each

uthtfr

CAPTAIN COOK.

ii>

ntlicr by the hani!, tlic ihi^h, llic liair, or the deaths,
grappling, without the lialiart, till mn; was thrown
CHI liis back. Ihe conqukll was applautkd by I'omc
Words rrom the oM men, and three fliouts. After
one engagement fuccecded another, but if they could
not determine tlie victory in about a minute, they
parted, eitlier by confent or the inlerventioii of their
friends. Several women of rank, in the countiy
were prcfent, but it was thought they only attended
this auiufemeiit in compliment to the En^lifli gentle-
men. A man with a ilick, who made way for them
wl>en they landed, officiated here as mailer of the cere-
monies, keeping order amonj; the people.

As foon as this entertainment was ended, the gen-
tlemen were acquainted that fome hogs and a quanti-
ty of bread-fruit were ordered to be ))rc|)arcd for their
dinner, which intelligence was plcafini; enough to
them, as tluJr journey had fl)ar|)ened their appetite.
However, they neither dined on (hore nor in the
boat, but went as far as the (hip, at the defire of the
chief i ;. id as foon as he was known to be on board tlie
Indians brought to the fort plenty of bread-fruit, co-
coa-nuts, and other provifions.

Karly in the mornin;; of the 8th, Mr. Molincux,
the maitrr, and Mr. Green, fet out in the pinnace to
the cadward, with a view of procuring; fonie poultry
or hogs ; they faw fome of the latter, anJ a turtle, but
could not purchafe either, bccaufe tliey bilongej to
'I'ootahah, and without his |>ermiirion the people
would not prcfume to fell them. However, fome
tinte afterwards, bringing; out their nails to purchafe
provifions, they obtained near 20 cocoa-nuts and
ibme bre.^d-fruit, for one of the fmallell fize, fo that
they foon had plenty of thtfe articles. On thegtli in
the forenoon, (Jberea ami her favourite Obadie paid
the Livjifli a vilit, and made them a preknt of a hog
and fome bread fruit.

By this time the f'>rp;c was fet up and frequently
employed, which gieally excited the curlofity of the
Indians, and they were belldcs fomctlmes more mate-
rially obliged by the fmith's having pcnr.iflion to
make ther various forts of tools out of fome old
iron wliicii was fuppofed to have been left on the
ifland by Captain Wallis's people.

A very extraordinary ceremony was performed by
fonie of the natives, on the I2th of this month. As
Mr. Banks was fitting in his boat, fome ladies who were
firangers, came, in a lurt of proceOion, the Indians
each fide giving way to them. They then prefented
him with fome plantains and other plants, as alfo
with feme parrots feathers. After this they brought
fome large bundles of cloth, confiding of nine pieces,
which being divided into three parcels, one of the
women, who appeared to be the principal, ftepping
on one of them, pulled up all her cloaths as high as
her wai(f, and then turned round three limes with an
air of the greatcll fimplicity. She did the fame on the
other two parcels, .ind then the ladies laluting Mr.
B.inks, the whole was prefented to him, and he, in
return, gave them fuch prcfents as he fuppofed would
prove moil acceptable to them: fo ended this cere-
mony.

Tuhora Tiimaiiia the next evening much furprifed
nnd offended Mr. Banks, by fnatching his gun out of
his hand, and firing it in the air, whereas tlie Knj^lifh
pcatlcnien hail no idea that the Indian knew any thing
of the method of ufing it. And as the ignorance of
thk- people of thefe countries in regard to this parti-
cular muft alwnvs caufc them to reverence and fear
their guetls, Mr. Hanks made a ferious matter of
what probably the other meant as a joke, and, not
without threats, gave him ro imderlland, that for him
to touch the piece w.is a high infult. The offender
made no reply, but fet out immediately with his fa-
mily lor Eparrc. However, as he was really an ufe-
ful man, and his abfence might in ibmc mealiire im-
pede tho dealings of lb? F.ngliih with the Indians,
Mr. lianks and Mr. Molincux went after him, and
fiiiiiul hlr.i among his people, appaienlly much de-
jicL'd on account of what had happened. On thif.

Vol. I. N 16.

they made up tlic nftair with lilm, and brought him
hack to fupjier, and both he and lii.^ wife palLJ the
ihc night ill Ml. Banks's tent, 'i'iiit very evening,
while they were there, one of tlio natives tried lu
fcale the walls of the fort, but tli!> ccntiiifl pre-
vented him. The ttniptutmii wliiili eaufed him to
attempt what inig'it have coll him his lif ■, v.-.s ilunbt-
lefs the iron which he expected to find wit';iii in tlio
fortification.

On Sunday the Hth, in the mornlii;.', diviii." fervicc
WM.. performed on lli.jre, which was done with a view
of having the prefcnce of fome of the Imliaiis ; but
before ihc time fixed lui for beginnin;.', mufl <■< ilicm
were gone home ; Tuhora Tumaida and his wife in-
deed wcreprefent, b.it though they bihavid with j'.ic.it
decency, they took no notice of what palled, and their
brctlinn, at their u turn, madeasfew viii) jirics of them
as tli; V lia i bteii dil'pof.d to make of (he K.ii:;li/!i. the
day thus bec,un,on the one hand, wiili an nci o: piety,
was concluded with fcvcral acts of lewdncl'-, 'ii the
other, which were exhibited by the natives, b,' w.iyof
entertainment. Among the rclf, a young fellinv pub-
licly lay with a girl about eleven or twelve years ol a.e,
while qiKcn Oborca and fome women of the liid r..iik.
ill ihcciiiintry were fpeclators of the exiubiti m.

Mr. Hanks having a good ojiinion, in geni'ial, of
Tuhora Tumaida, was rcfolved to put his hcntfly
to the telt, in order to prove whether he \>as as
much inf ited a; his countrymen, with the common
vice of the ifland. For this purpofe, he threw ftvfal
temptations in his way ; a bafket of nail.s at latt proved
an objeit fo defireable as to conquer his honefiy. He
confeflcd the fa£l ; but when rcilituticn was talked
of, he laid the nails were at Eparre. High vso.'-ds
patlcd on the occafion, and, in the end, the Indian
pi:.duced one of the nails, and was to be forgiven on
relforing the reft ; but his virtue was not cqur.l totho
talk, and he withdrew himfelf, as ufual, when he had
committed any offence.

One of thefe nimble-fingcrcd Indians came before
day-light, on the 17th, in order to Ileal fome cafks,
and as this was not the iirft attempt of the fame na-
ture, he was near paying dear for his temerity, for
the centinel levelled his piece at him, and he efcaped
only by its miiling fire.

'i'ootahah having fent feveral times to intreat that
the captain would vifit him, and promi fed to acknow-
ledge the favour by prefenting him fome hogs, Mr.
Hicks was fent to him on the 24th, in order, if pofTiblc,
to obtain the hogs without the required vifit. Com-
ing to a place called Tettehah, where the chief had
taken up his refidcnce, he was received in a friendly
manner, but procured only one hog, though when
this was produced, which was on his firft arrival,
he w as promifed more the next morning ; but when
the time arrived, he was obliged to go away without
them.

Mr. Banks feeing Tuhora Tumaida at the tent, for
the firft time after the affair of the nails, once more
endeavoured to prevail on him to make reftitution,
bur he did not fuccccd in his attempt, for which rca-
fon the Indian was treated very coolly while he llayed ;
and as he could not but perceive it, he departed in a
very abrupt manner.

'rootahah having removed to a place called Ataho-
roa, the captain with Mr. Banks .-.nd Dr. Solmder,
and fome others fet out in the pinnace, to pay him a
vifit. After making prcfents of a few articles, they
were invited to pafs the whole night there. Mr.
Banks accepted of a place in Obcrea's canoe, to whom
he gave charge of his cloaths ; but notwithllanding
lier care, they were flolcn, as were alfo hispillols, his
powder-horn, and fcvcral other things that were in
ills waiftcoat pockets. Tootahah, who flept in the
next canoe, being alarmed, rofe and went in purfuit
of the thief, ()b,rca accompanying him. As to Mr.
Hanks ho waited for them, having nothing on but his
biecchi ; and when they returned, found that he mull
be obli-id to put up with his lofs, as their fearch had
been unfuccefsful. lull as he had compofcd himfelf
Bbb t«

17G9

THK VOYAOE OF

fit rtcrp 3f»^in, hr xw^ rraiW hy Pimr mufic, and oli-
ffryc*! lijjhM at a litde diftAiire (roin the Jliorc. He
tlun rofv to go ant) Tiiid his coiiipani'in^. Aoii a>
hv approachrH jh« lighi<, he found ihc hut whcrv
C'.ipiAin Cook and tSux others of tlie pcnilcnitii l.iy,
wlitn h; brgan to n.-!ate Ins niifadvi-nturt tn them, they
toll! him, in n-lurii, thai thiy had \oH llieir (torkings
Hivd jjrktls. Ill cffW^, Dr. SoUnikTi who joined
thitn the next niurnin^, was the only one (hat elcaped
hcinj; rohbed, and he lind ficpt at a hoiifc that wa^ a
tiiJIc ditlant. This a<*eidrnt, however, di.l ii<it pre-
vent Captain Cook, Mr. Hanks, and the nlf that
were at the hut, froin attending to the niufic which
\va» a fort of conceit called lieiva, and ronfilli'd of
ilrums, flutr<, and fcveral voices. I'hey retind again
to their repofe, after this entirrainmciit was over.

'i fieir cloa'h', and the other things which had been
ftolin, were never heard of afterwards, but Mr.
BaniL. jot fomc rloaths from Obcrea, in which he
made an inld appearance. The next morning they let
out for the boat, having obtained only one hog, which
had been iiifcndcJ for their fiip|icr the pivcediiig niplit ;
fo th:it all things confidcred they had little reafon to
be faiislied with ihcir exciiriion. ( )n their return, to
the boat, they had a (iiecimeii of the aijility of the
Indian fwiminers, fonic of whom, merely for divcr-
liun, fwaniinafurf where no European boat could
have lived, and where our btft fuimmcrs mufl have
periftieii, htd they accidentally fallen in with it.

At this time the pri paiatioiH were made for viewing
thetranfic of VcniK, and two parties were fent out
to maWeobfervationsfiom dirterent fpots, that in cafe
of failing in one place, they might fucceed in another.
They employed themlelves for fome time in pre|raring
their inftruments, and inilrudting thofe gentlemen
wno were to go out, in the uli; of them ; and on
Thur(ilay the hrft of June tliey feirt the long-boat
with Mr. Gore, Mr. Monkhoulc, and Mr. Sporing,
the latter of whom was a fiiend of Mr. Kanks, with
pro])er inftruments to Emayo. Others were fcnt to
iind out afpot that mii^ht anfwer the pwrpofc, at a con-
venient diiiancc from their principal ifation.

I'he party that went towards Kmayo, afier rowing
the grt.iter oart of the night, havin;^ hailed a canoe.
Were informed of a proper place by the Indians on
board, which was Jud.'ed pr<)|Kr for tlieii obfervatorv,
where they accordingly fixed their tents. It was a
rock that rofc out of the water about ^o yards from
the (hore.

As foon as it wasli^ht on Saturday the 3d (the day
of the tr.Tiilit) Mr. Hanks left them in order to go and
gft fielh pro\ifions on the ifland. The king, whofe
name w as I'arrao, came to p.iy him a vifit, as he was
trading w ith the natives, and brought with him Nuna
his filler. As it was cullomary for the people in thefe
parts to be feated at their conferences, Mr. Banks
fpread his turban of Indian cloth, which he wore as
a hat, upon the ground, on which they all fat down.
Then a hog and a dog, fome cocoa-nuts, and bread-
fruit wetv broiiahl, being the king's prefent, and Mr.
Banks fcnt for :ui adze, a fhirt, and fome beads, which
were picfenti-d to his majeliy, who received them with
app.Trent fati^faclion. 'iubora Tiimaida, and To-
itiio, who had gancwith Mr. Banks, came from the
obfervatory, when Tomio, who was faid to be related
to Tarr.to, pave him a long nail, and left a ftiirt as a
prefent I'or Nuna. Afterwards the king, his fiftcr,
and three beautiful young women their attendants,
rctunieJ with Mr. Banks to the obfervatory, where
he {hewed them the tranfit of Venus, and acquainted
the-ilk, that to view it in that fituation was the caufc of
his umlertakinj? a voyage to thofe remoter parts. Ac-
cording to this gentleman's account, the produce of this

* .Mr. Green't account uas as '.ollou's :

Hours. Min.
TlicfirtVextffnal C(»ntaft 9 B5

Tlie fit:) ii.uinil cuiilldl or tolil

tmtiluuip 9 44

Sec.

4 ',

illand is nearly tire fame with that of OtalKitc; the

pi-opic alio leleniblrd thofe of that ifl.md : he li.id feeil

many of them upon it who who iu(iHAinted with

ihe nature of tr.uling articles. 'I~hc parties that were

lent out to make their obf ••vatioiis on the Iraiilit, hati

good lutcHs in the iindertaiting ; though they ditt'eml

rather mom than might have 'x'cn exiwiiicd in their ^^'I'^^^y'^"

account of thctontait. • pj,_

Some of th.- Ihip'scompany having broke into the
florc-room while the gentienien and officers were
bulled in viewing thefr.iiifit, took the liberty of Weal-
ing a quantity of fpike-nails. After a ftri£l Itjaith
the thief w.is found out •, he had, however but few of
the nails in his pollefTion ; but he was ordered to re-
ceive two docen of ladies, by way of example.

An old female of fome diltinition dying, gave the
Knglifh an opjiortunity of obferving the ceremonies
ufed by thefe illanders iti dil'pofing of the dead bodies
of their people ; which, as we have obferved, they do
not directly bury. The reader has already (cen thcde-
fcription of the bier, the placing the brcid-fniit,
6ic. which, according to Tuliora Tuinaida's account,
was a fort of offering to their Uods, In the front of
the Iquare fpace, a lort of llile was phiced where (he
relations of the decealed Hood to give token of thcif
grief. There were under the awning fome pieces of
cloth, whereon were the tears and blood of the mourn-
ers, who ufed to wound thcmfelvcs with a fliark'fl
tooth upon thefe occafions. Four fmall temporary
houfvs were cieited at a fmall diiiancc, in one of
which remained fome of the relations df the deccafedr
the chief mourner relidcd in the other j and was drcflid
in a particular manner, in order to perform a certain
ceremony. Wltcn the corpfe is rotten, the bones are
buried near the fpot, and thefe places were found to
anfwer the purpofes of religious worfliip, though
Captain Wallis could not perceive the traces of any
fuch worfhip among them.

As to the ceremony wc are about to fpeak of, theFurrml ctrc-
following is the account we have of it, which may not monie*.
be unentcrtainingto the curious reader : " It was per-
formed on the loth, and Mr. Banks was fo defirous of
bcingYrelent, that hcagrttd to take a part in it when he
was informed, that he could not be a tjtcflator on jny
other condition. He went accordingly in the even-
ing, (o the place where the bo<ly was depofited, where
he was met by the relations of the deccalcd, and was
afterwards joined by Icveral other pcrfons. Tubora
Tumaida was the principal mourner, whofe drefs was
whimfical, though not altogether ungraceful. Mr.
Banks was obliged to quit his Euro|K'an drefs, and
had no other covering than a fmall piece of cloth that
was tied round his middle ; his bo<ly was blacked
over with charcoal and water, as were the bodies
of feveral others, and among them fome females, » hi>
were no more covered than himfelf. The proceflion
then began, and the chief mourner uttered fume words
which were judged to be a prayer, when he approached
the body, and he repeated thefe words as he came up
to his own houfe. They afterwards went on, by
pcrmiflion, towards tiie fort. It is ufual for the rcil:
of the Indians :o (hun thefe procefTions as much as
p' fl';ble i they accordingly ran into the woods in gre.it
halfc, as foon as (his came in view. From the fort
the mourners proceeded along the Ihore, crolfed the
rivci, then entered the woods, pafTing feveral houfes,
which became immediately uninhabited, and during
the relt of the proceflion, which continued for half an
hour, not an Indian was vifible. Mr. Banks filled an
office that they called Niiiivth, and there were twi>
others in the lame charadler. When none of the
other natives were to be feen, they approached the
chief mourner, (ay'ing Imatela ; then thofe who had

alfifled

7'he fccnnd inicrnal contaO, or be- ffourt. Min. Sec.

ginning uf the cnicrlioni ] 14 I -t >

The fecond cxiernil contact, or total | ?

cmevfion ) 31 10 ' 9

Latitude of the olilervntorv »7 ilep. n min. ■; fee. fouilii—

longitude, 149 Ueg. 31 niin. 30 fee. well from Greenwich.

,Liiiv.„-,i.^

itivluof V«-
nui.

the

ii-n
ith
rcns
hail

■r..l
heir

the
vrre

III h
w <>(
I rc-

I tlie
nics
xlic*
y<lo
rde-
ruit,
unt,
it of
r «hc
their
rs of
urn-
»rk'«
»rary
c of
ifcl r

cfl'id
rt»in
s are
id to
jugh
any

, theFuncril ettt-
y not moiiiei.
t Ptr-
is of
he

*ny

I'cn-

t-re

bora

was

Mr.

and

that

ckcd

lies

nrds

hcd

lip

rell

rc.1t

fort

the

fes,

ing

I an

the

a<{

(led

CAPTAIN COOK.

183

nffiflol at the cfrfmony bathrd in the rivir, and rc-
fumi'd their tormcr ilrils," Mr. H:iiik.s «ho h.id [hm-
formcd a cijiital p.irt in this ceremony, received ap-
plaufc (roni I'lib.ia Tiinuida.

'I'he lndi.iii>. hai ini; loH lome of their bows .ind ar-
row;., and lunie ([rings of plaited hair, »n the 121I1
of tins month, a coniplaint was made un the fubjiit
to the c.iptaiii, whereiii'on the affair was iiuiiiired
inti>, and ilie otienJers wlio had l.ik'-n thtin aw.iv re-
ceived each two doitn of l.ilhes. The fame day I'u-
bora Tuinuida brought liis bow and arrow-, in order
to decide a challenge ot (liooling iKtweiii him and
Mr. Ciorc, tjt it appeared that tli> v had miltaken
r.ich other, Mr. Gore inrcnding to difehar;;c his ar-
row at a mark, while the iMdi.in meant only to try
wlio could Ihoot farthcff. As loon this was appre-
hended, tiic challenge was dropped ; 1 ni Tiihora Tii-
nuida, in order to fluw Ins Ikill, kiuvlm;.; down,
(hot an arrow (unf-athcred, as thry .ill arc) near tin
fixth part of a mile, dropping the bow the inll.int
the Ihot is difchargrd.

Mr. Banks having this morniii;r met fcvcral of th?
natives, and learning that thefe people had a kind of
mufical entertainment in the even' up, he and the
Englilh gentlemen refoUed to be prefeiit at it. 'I'liey
went accordingly, and heard a p.-rformance on drums
and flutes by a fort of itinerant muficians. The drum-
mers fung to the miific, and the Englifli perceived
thcfr mult be mere extempore compofitions, as them-
lelves were the fubjcifl of the fong.
Tliccaptjin The continued diftoncfty of the natives, (wliofe
itiTcs tlic ei-,„2„ncrs were in other refpedts agreeable cnou;j,li) oc-
JJ^lJ^°, „„'',^. cafioncd Captain Cook to try if he could not at once
cimni of ilicir P"t "" end to this evil by making rcprilals ; .m iron
llitfM. coal rake for the oven being ftoleii in the night cf the

14th, this cnnfideratlon, added to many other faifls of
the like nature fKcafiotied him to give orders for feizing
twenty-fcvcii of their double caiuH-s, which were
jnltcomc in, laden with fifh. I'licy were told that
unlcfs the rake and all the other tilings were returned
thefc canoes «ith their cnrgoes fhoiild certainly be
burnt ; but Captain Cook who had very humanely
nlre.idy given orders to the centinels not to tire on t!'.e
Indians, even if they Ihould detect them in the act of
thieving, never meant to make this fae'itirc to iuC-
ticc. However, the natives were alarmed by a ihieit
of fuch a nature, as he was furnilhed with the power
to put it into immediate execution. Vet fo much aver fe
were they to rellitution, that tlic cnlc-rakc only was
broui'lit home, the relt being dill retained in their pof-
feifion. The captain, however, gave up tlic cargoes of
the Indian vellijls, as tlic poor natives were greatly
diftrc(li;d by the feizurc, and afterwards promifed to
releafe the canoes, in order to prevent the confufion
arifing from the difputes concerning the property of
thcditiercnt lots of goods which they had on board.

But a boat being lent on fiiorc, in order to procure
ballaft, the imprudence of the officer was near in-
volving his countrymen in another quarrel with the
Indians. As he could not readily procure what he
wanted, he very improperly began to violate the mnn-
fions of the dead, and was immediately oppofed by
the inr.iged iflandcrs. Intelligence of this difputc be-
ing received by Mr. Ranks, he went to the place
where it had commenced, when, asit appeared that there
was a fufficient quantity of ftones to be got cHcwhcic,
the affair was amicably fettled. And this was the only
oppofition which they met with, and the only pcrfonal
infult received, properly fo called (except at the affair
of the fort, which has been already related) wa.i by
Mr. Monkhouff, the furgeon, whom one of the In
dians Uruck for pluckinp; a flower within one of
thtfc burial iiulofiires. This gentleman laid hold of
him, but two of his countrymen pulled his hair, till
he "as obliged to let him go J and then they all ran
oft" as faff as they could. In the evening of the igth
foon after the canoes were detained. Queen 01>c-
na anil llveral of her attendants came from Toota-
hah's houfe in a double canoe, and brought a hog,
a dog, foine bread-fruit, and other prefcnts ; but as
7

flie hid brought none of thofe things which ihr rap-
t.iin h.id lecjiiiicd 10 be ivlloud, lu would not ampt
Ihim, at winch iheappeand to be nuKli ci'iauiKil ;
elpLcially as a chiMilh Itoiy that flie told alout
Oliadie'.s takini^ Ihini, and In r li.niii« beaten him
for fo doing did not gain cndii. N.'tw iihff.Mid-
ing all this and thr)uj,h at fiiff ffn d.il not fan
to be without h^r fe.irs, yet at linrth (lie fur-
mounted llicm fo far as to off', r to llicp in Mr.
H.uiks's tent ; but being ttlulid (lie went to nit in
her canoe.

She returned to the fort next morniny, whtn the
captain thought ht toaccept lur prefmis when iwc ot
her atteiuiaiits were very afliiluou,-; to malch thcm-
lelves with mates, in which defign they found the
grcatcff likelihood of fuceeeding by means of the 'ur-
geon and one of the lnuteiiants. All were very
agreeable till btd-timr, when fone words arifing be-
tween the furgeon and one of them, Mr. Banks tliriilt
her out, and the rtll followed. As Mr. Monkhoufc
thought his niirtrel's not well ufed, it w.is f.ariil ibis
affair woulil have nec^lioned a duel ; but li;ippily the
matter v. as amicably ailiiifted.

'Ihe n.itives of Ot.ihciti. hold doirs flifli In 'ilglier
eftetm than tluy do p..rk I but it is to be olluied
that thofe dogs which thry breed for food, live only
upon veg' tables. In order to try an experiment,
Tupia undertook to kill and baker ne of thefc arimals;
and they all allowed that the difh was agreeable.

On the ziftof this month they were vifitcd b^r many
of the natives, who brought them various prefents.
Among the relt was a thief of (cveral diffridts on tlie
ifland, named Oamo, whom the Kngliffi gentlen.en
had never yet feen. He had a boy and a young wo-
man with him) and the former was carri.d upon a
man's back though he was able to walk. Obi r< 1 and
fomeof the Indians bareheaded, and uncovered as low
as the w.iiff, went forth to meet them; acircum-
ffance which was confidercd as a mark of refpett.
When Oamo entered the tent, the young girl, though
feemingly very curious, did not follow him. The
youth was bruu.;lit in by Dr. Solander, but was foon
got out again by the Indians, who were avcvfe to the
boy's entrance.

Mr. Banks and the reft of the gentlemen, being cu-
rious to know who their new guelts were, receivid the
following account : " That Oamo was the hulbnnd
of Oln-rta ; but that this couple hr.d been feparated by
confcnt along time, and the boy and giil were their
children. The former was called Tcrridiri ; he was
heir apparent to the fovercignty of the iflands, and
when he came to a proper age, was to marry his fiffer.
The prefent fovereign, Outou, was a minor, and was
thefon of a prince, called Whapi^ai. — Whappai,Oama,
andTootahah, were all brothers, of whom Oamawas
the cldeft, the hifl-namcd was the yoiingeft; and
Whappai having no other child bcfidcs Outou, Ter-
ridiri, his brother's fon, according to the cuftom of
the country, was heir to the fovcreignty." It is here
to be noticed, that in the ifland of Otaheite, a boy, as
foon as he is born, fuccrcds to his father's authoi-ity ;
but a regent being necifl'ary, that office, though elec-
tive, generally (alls upon the father, who holds the
reins of government till the child is of .nge. The rea-
fon that the clciStion in this cafe had fallen upon Too-
tahah was, his being celebrated for his warlike ex-
ploits among his countrymen. Oamo afked a num-
ber of queffions concerning the Engllfh, and, by his
converfation appeared to be a perfoii of gooii under-
ftanding.

Captain Cook received an clegnnt garment fi«»n a
woman that came from the wcftcrn part of the ifland.
The ground was a bright yellow; it was bordered
with red j and there were fevj.-ral croires in the middle
of it. As the French had been on the coaff, it was fup-
pofcd that they had taught the natives the notion of
making thefe figures.

One of the fcngliflt being mKTingon the 23d, pro-
per inquiries were made for him among the natives ;
and at laft it was found that he was at Eparrc, from

whence

17(9

l84

T rr E V o Y A c; t o ?

' i»

li li'

i-6o whence one <•( tlic Iivll.in": fitihcd liim the fame
»-— V-— ' evfiiini^. WIrii Iv uiuiiitl, he acm'aiiua' tlicm
• liar hi- h,\<\ Ikci iikrn I'V ilitce men Irom thi- loii,
anJiMiriivl up to t!ir lo;> nt die b.iv ; thit they llrip|>ctl
him, lorciil iiini lnt» :i c iixir, ;in.l concliictcJ hiiiitu
Eparrc, wh^ic Tuotiiliali liail^iMii him l'<>inc cluathn,
and w.iiitui toprilii.uk' liiiii to r.iiiiii anion^ his |k-u-
pli". As foon ;■.•! ilu' ii.itivcs kiuwolhis return, thty
quilted the t'oit wliuh v..n rondru.J u« a contirina-
tion ni' wh.it tlii'. man h.ul alilrtcl.

Ciptain Ccpok lltiin;; out in iIk pinnace with Mr.
Biiiksjl.uliil to thr i.illw.ii J with a ilili ;n otcircum-
navK'iitiii^i; the itliiul. Thi-v wint on iliorc- in the
I 'r'"" ."i tori'Moan, in a ilillri..'l in tlie govcriimtnt of Aluo,
iHiiiJ, " yoiin^ cliiL't', w ho at t'.ic tcnl> had frequently Ixcn

their vilitaiit. Ami hue alio tluy faw fevcial other
natives whom ll;ev knew. Alierward* they proceeded
to the harbciir wheie .M. Uiiuij;ain\ille's vcllcl lay,
when he eanie to Otah^ite, and were ftiewn the
wateiiiig-placf, and the ij'ot where he pitched hij
t'-nt.

C'omino: to a large baj, when the Englifli gentle-
men miiu iMud their dilign of going to the other fide,
tluir In.li 11 ;;inde, whiile name was 'I'ilubaola, faid
he v.ii'.il.l iii't iieet'inpaiiv thiin, .tad alio ciidea\our-
cd to dill lade the ciptain and his |ieople from going j
oMirvin;', " I li.it rouiitiv was inhabited by people
who wue not liiliiet't lo I Hot.iliah, and who woulil
ilellrov llicni all. Notwithltaiii'ing ihev refoUed to
put till II di(i;.'n in eveeutioii, I'M.lin^ their pieces with
ball ; and at lalt 'I'itiib.iola ventured to i7> with thtm.
Ilavin;; i.iwal till it was dark, thiy reached aiiarro.\
ilthnnisv. liicli fevered ilu' illaml intwo parts, and thelt
formed dill I IK tumLrnnieiif!. However, asthey hadnot
yct^'ot inloih-'li .Hilepartortliccoiintrv',it waMhouijht
propir to !:■) on Ihore to Iji.nd the iiiLiht where C)o-
ratov.i, the l..dy who had paid her compliments in fn
extr.;ordin:iry a m. inner at the f>it, pnnidul then
with a fiippr, and thry proiccdtd for the otlwr ;;i.-
veriinuiit in the morniiiir.

Tlu V afii rwards landed in the Jillrit^ cf a ihi«.i
called Mriraitata, an 1 hi'- 1. ll.er was called I'ahairc !. . '
'I'liele picple j;a\ e thi' eaplain a virv R'>o^l tccepiion,
fold them a hog for a h.itchei, ?.nd lurnifh' d tlvini with
provifinns. A crowd of the nati\"s came round th
Ennlilh pntkiiien, airnniill whom however they
met only two v.i:!« whom they -.vere acquainted j but
though ihrvi;:wf veral Kuro|HaneommtKlitie»,yctihey
perceived none that came i nt of tl.e Endeavour. Here
thi-y fi .' two twelve pound fhot, one of which ha.l
the kinti' broad arrow upon it, vet the native;' I'aid
they ha3 them from M. Hoiigainvillc. I'hey after-
wards :idvanced till thev icieheil th..t dirtriit whicli
was under thcge.vcrnment of VVahe.itua, who had a(bn,
it Was not known in whet.j hands the (overeign power
was depofited. I'lu're they found a fpacious plain
with a ri'.ir which they were obliged to pafs ovir in
a canoe, thoiii;h the Indians that followed them, f>cam
over uitliout any dillieiilty. They proceedeil on their
joiirn; V f r a coofidcralile way along the fliorr, till
at I.ilf they were ma bv the chief, who had with him
an ajrrceahle woman, of about twenty-two yc.irs of
aize, who was called Toudiddc. Her name was n'>t
unknown to the Knslifh who li.id ot'ten heard of it ;
and (he was fiip|;ofi.d to bear the fame rank here as
Oberc.i bore in the other part of th;; idand. The
parts throii'dt which they now pallid, appearetl to be
better ciiliivalcd than anv of the reO, and the burial-
places WLrc nioi'; in number. Thev were neat, and
oinani'-iitcd with carvings ; and in one a cf^k was
V feen, which was painted with the various colours ol

the bird. Th..ir;h thecountry was apparently fertile,
vcrv little bread-fruit wa> to be found here, a nut
e.illed Alice, furnilhing the principal fubfiflance of
the iul'.abit.'.nts.

H inr; fitijai'd with their journey, they went on
board thin boat, and 1. udcd in the evening on an

ifland which w.is called Otoonreile, tofetk for iTfreft-
mcnt. Mr. iiaiiks i*oin); into the wood,, lor ihii
piirpofr, when it w.is d.iric could dil'cover only onu
houfe, wherein he found fonvc of the nutii liclorc-
inentioncd, ant! a little bread-fruit. There was a
good harbour in the fouthcrn part of this iflaml, ami
the furruuiiding country ap|>earcd to be cxtienuly
fruitful. Landing at about three miles (iiftance they
found fome of the natives whom they well knew, yet
it was itot without dilliculty that they obtained a lew
cocoa-nuts before thty departed. When they came
a little farther to the caftwaid, they landed again, and
here they wers; met by Mathiabo, the chief, with
whom they were not at all acquainted. He fupplied
them with bread-fruit and cocoa-nuts, and thry pur-
chafed a hog of him for a glafs bottle which hechuli;
in preference to all the other articles prcfenttd before
him. A turkey-cock and a goofc were feen here, which
were much admired by the natives, and were fiippofed
to have been hft ihire by Captain •VV.illis's (x-ople.
'I'heyoblerv.'diiiahoulcnearthefamepl.iee leveral hu-
man jaw-bones, which I'eemtd liefii, and had not lolt
any ofthc teeth, and were lalUned to a board, ol a f ini-
circiil.ir fi;;ure j but tin y could not j;ct any inforina-
ti(m of the caulc of tliis i \tiaordinary appi.irance.

When they left the |)l.ice, the cliiel piloted them
over the Iho.ds. In the evening they opened the b.iv
on the north-weft fu!e of the illanil, which aiifwc red
lo that on the foiith-t.dl in Inch a inaniier as to in-
tcifecl it at the illliiniis. Several canoe'. e.iiiic olf here,
and fome beautiful Wdmen givin;; tokens Ih it tiky
Ihould be ghd to fee them on Ihoii, they read, I e ac-
cept) d the invitation. — Of their adventures during
thei.lf ' I their jounuy Wi h.ivi the following account.

" They met with a very friendly reception from
the chief whole name w.is \ViveioH, who rave direc-
tions to l.'ine ot his people to aflitf them in drelfing
their piovilions which were now very plentiliil, and
they luppcd at Wiverou's houfe in company with
.M.ithiabo. i'arl of the houfe W.IS allotted for them
lo flixp in, and foon after fuppcr thev retired to relK
Mathiabo h.iving borrowed a cloak of Mr. Hank*, un-
der the notion of ufinp it as a cove rUt when he lay
down, made olf w ith it without being perceived either
hv that gentlemen tir his companions. Howi-vcr,
n.'wj of the robberv being prcftntly broutdit them by
one of the natives, they fct out in [lurfu it oV Mathiabo,
iiut had jirocecded only a very little way before they
were met by a perfcn bringing back the cloak which
this chief had given up rather thiougli fear than from
any principle of hiHi, :ty. On their return ihev found
the houfe entirely ileitrted ; aiul, about four in the
mornin};,the centinel gave the ..larm that the boat was
mifling. Captain Cook and Mr. Hanks were greatly
aftonifhed at this account, and ran to the water- fide j
but thou.'Ji it was a clear, Itar-light moriiinj; no boat
was to be feen. Thtir (ituation -was now e;<tremcly
difagrecablc. The party coiililted of no more thail
four, having; with tliim only one iiiufiinct and two
pocket piliois. Without a fpare ball or a eharu'c cf
powder. After having remained fome time in a Hate
of anxiety arifing from thcfe circinnllanees, of v.hich
they feared the liidinps might take advant.nre, the
b»)at which had be'-n driven away by the tide, re-
turned i and Mr. Hanks and his companions h.id no
lo^ii'.ir breakfalted thin tluy di p.irted. 'I'liis place i«
lituatcd on thenoitli fnle of I'lrr.ibou, the lotilh-eAft
peninlula of the illand, about five miles call from thn
ifthinu-^, with a harbour equal to any in tholi- puts.
It was fertile .■'nd po| iilous, ,ind the inhabitants
every where behaved with great civility.

'1 helalUlidritl in Tiarraliou, in which they landed
w.ts eovermd by a chief named Omoe. He was ti,en
huil ling a houfe, and was very carncit to piiehafc
a haichct; but the gentlemen had not one left. He
would not trade for nail<, and they emb, irked, the
clii.l, however, following them in his cano,-; with hi»
wile. They were afterwards taken on board, but
when th:-y had failed about a league, defired to be put
on fliore. Thcit requi'ft was omplicd wilJi, when
6 tha

il'. . i^ . .'JaSSfc^ ""'

CAPTAIN C C) O K..

the captain met with fonit ofOmot's p-oiilc, wlui
liroiijjlit vvilli tl\rm :i vciy liit;t lui^. I lu unii u-
greed to ixihaiijic the Uo^ (oi .111 axt- aiul a nail, atid
tobi'inuthi. Ii.afl (o the tuit. Asihchci^wasa wiy line
one, Mr. Hanks accfptid iIil- niKr. I ncy law at this
place one i>t the Indian Katiiav, a lint ol linage, n\.ide
of wicker-work, which rclcniulcd a in.in 111 ligure i 11
Will near Itven feet in height, and Wai covemi with
hiack and white feathers ; on the hiad were four pio-
tilbtraiUL>, lallid liy the name-. /<;/,/ tl,; tll.it is, June
mil- Having taken their leave of Oiiioe, the j;entle-
men fet out on their r^tiun. 'I'hey wt.nt un lliore
ll|>ain, after they had rowed a few miles, hut faw nu-
thiiii;, except a llpulchral bilildin^, which was or-
lununted in an extr.iiirdinary manner. The pave-
ment, <m which was erected n pyramid, was very neat )
at a finall diltan< e there was a ll»iie iin.ige, very un-
coullily carved, but which tlie natives feenicd to hold
in hi^h eltimatiim. They pafud through the harbtiiir
which was the only one fit for (hipping on the foiiih
(jf Opoureonoii, litiiate about live miles to the welt-
ward of the ilthmus, between two fmall illaiids, not far
from the (horc, and w ithin a mile of each other. 'I'hey
were now near tiiedillrict called I'aparra, which was
that where 0;uiia and OlKiea t;o\erned, and where
the travellers intended to IpenJ the nii^ht. Uut
when Mr. Itanks and his comp.iny landed, about an
hour before il was dark, it ap|icared they were both
fet out to pay them avilit at the foit. However, they
ilept at Oheiea's houfe, whiil'. was noat, though not
large, and of which there was nu inhabitant but her
father, who Ihewed thein much civility.

" They tiKik this opportunity of walking out upon
a point up'in which tliev had oblirrvcd at a diltancc
fome trees called Eloa, which ufually grow upon the
burial places of thcfc iHanders. They call thole
buryinu; grounds Moral. And here .Mr, Hanks faw
a vaft building, which he found to be the Moral of
Oama and Obcrca, which was the mull conliderable
|)iccc of architedlurc in the illand. It cimfilled of an
enormous pile of (lone-work, railed in the form of a
pyramid, w ith a fliglit of fteps on each (ide. It was
near 270 feet Ioml':, about oite third as wide, and be-
twc-en 40 and 50 feet hich. The foundation con-
filled of rock Hones j the Iteps were of coral, and the
upper part was of round pebbles, all of the fame
fliapc and fize. The rock and coral-Hones were
fquared with the utmod neatncfs and regularity, and
the whole building ap|>eaied ascompai^t and Arm as if
it had been eredted by the belt workmen in Europe.
What rendered this laft circumlfancc the more extra-
ordinary was the confideration tliat when this pile was
raifcd, the Indians mud have b.-en totally dcftitutv of
iron tools either to fliapc their lloncs, or for any other
necell'ary purpofe, nor had they mortar to cement them
when made lit for ufe ; fo that a llructure of fuch
height and magnitude mud have been a work of in-
finite labour ami fatigue. In the centre of the fummit
W.1S th.' reprefent.ition of a biid carved in wood j clofe
to this was the fijnireofa fiih in done. The pyramid
conditu'ed part of one fulc of a court or fquare, the
fides of which were nearly equal ; and the whole was
walled in, and paved with flat dones, notwithlland-
ing which pavement, feveral plantains and trees which
the natives call Eto.i, grew within the inclofurc. At
a fmall didancc to the weftward of this edifice was
another paved fquaic that contained feveral fmall
dages, called Ewattasby the natives; which appear-
ed to be altars, whereon they placed the oft'erings to
their Crods. Mr. Hanks afterwards obferved whole
hogs placeil upi>ii tliefe dages or altars.

" They arrived at Otahorou on Friday the 30th,
where they found their old ;!C(tuaintancc Tootahah,
who received them with great civility, and provided
them a good fuppcr and convenient lodging j and
though they had bien fo di.imefully plundered the lad
time they fl-pt with this ^hief, they fpent the night
in the greatcd fecurity, none of their deaths nor any
other article being milling the next morning. They
returned to the fort at Port Roval Harbour, un tlie fird

Vol. I. Nm;.

of j . y, luvil.g dil'covcied lii' ill.m.l, including bo'h
peiiiiiliil.is, lo be .iboiit loo ingles in ciicumlerenie. "

Alur llieir riluin fruin iliis Icm, tlRV wtie v^iy
much 111 want ol brLaJ-fitiit, none ol wliii.h they had
been .dile to pro\ide llKii<lel\es with, ai tliey had feen
bill little in theoourleol their jouimv i biif the 1 In-
dian fii< n.U coming idund tiKiii, loon luppiied their
want of provifioii^.

Mr. Hanks made .ti cxriirfion on the ^J, In ordei
to tr.ice tile river up the v.illiy to its fouue, and toie-
m.irk li.iw farilieciuiiitrvwMsinh, hited along tin baiil.5
<d it. lie look fome Indian giiitks with hini, and
altir having feen houfes lor abiut lix miles, tluycamc
10 one which was f.iid to he the lalt lh.it ci'uKl be
met with. The ni.dler preli.nlvd them with eocoa-mif
and olher fruit-, and they proceedid on their walk,
after a fhort ll.iy. I'iiey olt.ii p.iO'.d throii^li
vaults formed by rocky fragments in the couile ol
their jouni'V, in which, as ihey were told, bcni;;lued
travellers lometimislook fltelter. I'urfuing the lourfe
of the river about lix miles faillier, tiny I'oiind it
banked on both fides by rock .alinoll 100 fei t in lici 'hi,
and nearly perpendicular i aw.iy, however, might be
traced up thi le precipices, along whi«-h thiir Indian
guides would have mnducted thun, but they iLcliiied
the ofter as thire did not ajip.ar to beany thing at
the fummit which could repay them for the tiil and
dangers of afcending it. Mr. Binks fought tn v.iin
for minerals among the rocks, which were njktd al-
niod on all fides, but no mineral fubdancis were
found. The dones every where cxhibitid fi'ins of
having been burnr, which w:is the cafe ol all the dolus
that were loiind while they llaid at Ot.dieite, ;ind
both there anil in the neighbouring ill;rids the tr.;cisof
fire were evident in the clay upon the lulls.

A great quantity of the fieds of watcr-rr( Ion«i
or.inges, limes and other pl.ints, biought Iruni Rio de
Janeiro, were planted on lach fide of the fort, by .Mr.
Hanks, who .dfo plentifully fupplied the Iiuliars
with them, and planted many of them in the woods.
Some melons, the feeds of which h.\il been fmvn on the
fird arrival of the Knglidi at the illaiid, grew up .mi
flouridied before they left it.

Hy this time they began to think of m.iking prepa-
rations to depart ; hut Oama, Oberea, and their foii
and daughter vifilcd them before they were ready to
fail. As to the young woman ( .^hofe name w a» 'I'oi-
inata) (h- was curious to fee the fort, butO.ima would
not pi lit her to enter. The fon of VValuatua,
chief • : ;; fouth-ead peiiinfula, was alfo here at the
fame tim-' • and they were favoured with the company
of the Indi. n who had been fo dextrous as to deal the
quadrant, as above related. I'hc carpenters being
ordered to take down the g.itcs and palif.idoes of the
fort, to be converted into fire-wood for the Endea-
vour, one of the natives dole the daple and hook of
the gate ) he was purfued in vain, but the pnpcrty
was afterwards recovered, and returned to the owners
by Tubora Tumaida.

Before their departure, two circumftanccs happen-
ed which gave Captain Cook fome uncafinefs. 'I'he
fird was, that two foreign failors having been abroad^
one of them was robbcil of his knife, which as he was
endeavouring to recover, he was dangeroully hurt with
a done by the natives, and his companion alfo re-
ceived a flight wound in the head. The otfeiiders
efcapcd, and the captain was not anxious to have
them taken, as he did not want to have any difputcs
with the Indians. Of the other matter we have the
following iiccount. —

T'wo young marines one night withdrew thcml'elvcs
from the fort, and in the morning weie not to be met
with. Notice having been given the next day that
the fliip would fail that or theenfiiing day j as they
did not return, Ciptain Cook l>egan to be apprrhen-
five that they defigned to remain on (horc j but as he
was apprifcci in fuch a cafe no eftedlual means could
be taken to recover them without running a rifqueof
dedroyingthe harmony fubfiding between the Englifli
and the natives, he relolved to waitaday, in hopes o(
C c c theif

.;f'.

i8&

4ii

TlIE VOYAGE (3P

llifif returning of tlieir own accord. But at ihrjr
' were Hill mining nn the loth in the mnrnin)!, an cn-
ouiry win mailc »llir thtm, when the Iniliiini declared
ihcy did not propoCc to rrtHrn, huvinn; taken rcluge
amonK the mountaini, where it wai impoflible for
them to he dil'rovered ; anil added, that each of them
li.id t^tken a MJt'e. in confi-quence of this, it wat iii-
liiiuti'd lu fi'veral of the chief> that were in the furt
%vith iheir women, that they would not be fuftcred
to quit it till the dcferters were produced. 'I'hry did
not (hew any lijcn* of fear or dilcontenl upon the oc-
cilion i but alfured the captain thai the pcrlons in
qiultion (hould be lent back. However, in the mean
lime, he fent Mr. Hicki with the pinnace to bring
'I'ooiahah on board the fliip, and he executed hit com-
miflion witliout civingany alarm. VVhen niglitcame
on, Oberea, Tybora I'urnaida, and fome othtrt, were
removed on board the Oiip, which greatly alarmed
Ihem all, and efpecially '.he female?, thefe latter tcf-
lifying their apprchcnliont with great agitation of
mind, and fliwdt of leart, wlien they were condud^ed
<in board. Captain Cook cfcorlcJ them ) but Mr.
Hanks remained on (bore with fome Indians whom he
thought it of lefs conl<.'(|Ucnce to detain. (Jiw of the
marines was brought back in the evening by fome of
the natives, who reported that the other, and the
f>«(i pgople tb.1t were fent to fetch them back, would
be detained while Ttfotahah wasconAned. On this,
Mr. Hicks wat immediately difpatched in the long-
boat, with fcvrral men, to refcuc theEnzlifh prifonersi
at thf fame time C.iptain Cook told 'I ootahah that it
t»-as incumbent on him to aflid them with fome of
his I'cc'pir, and to give orders in liis name that the
men (hould be let at liberty ; for that he would be
cx|)ciflcd to aiifwcr for the event. Tootahah immedi-
ately complying, this party releafed the men without
oppofitlon. They returned on the nth about feven in
the morning, but they did not bring their arms back
with tlicm ; thefc however being fent foon after, the
chiefs on board were allowed to return, and thofethat
had been detained on (horc were al(b let at liberty.
On examining the dcferters it appeared that the
Indians had told the truth, they having chofen two
girls, and would have remained with them at Ota-
hcite if they had not been brought back as above re-
lated. —

The power of Oberea was not fo great when Cap-
tain CiHik came to thefc parts as it was when the Dol-
phin firff difcovtred the ifland. The Engliih gen-
tlemen had ohlervcd all the way from her houfe to
the Moral, a great number of human bones. When
they a(ked what had occalioncd this circumflance, they
were told " That about four or five months bcfoic
the arrival of the Endeavour, the inhabitants of
Tinrrabou, the fouth-ead pcninfula h.id made a dc-
fcent, and llain many of the people, whofc bones were
tlinic which were (Ircwn along the fea-cuall i that
thereupon Oberea and Oama fled to the mountains,
anil that the viii^ors dettroycd all the houfes, and pil-
Itiqcd the country." It feems the turky and goofe
which Mr. Banks had feen in Marhiabu's dillri£t, were
not l#'i thc-rc b\ captain Wallis's people, but were
taken among the plunder from Obcrca's government.
As to thcj.iw-boncs, it fcemsthcy were preferved as
trophies, lieing looked u|>on in much the fame light
therein fcalps arc confidercd by the North-American
Indians.

Tupia, who had been prime minilterof the queen
when in the zenith of her power, had often exprelTed
adcfirc of going uith the Englifh. This Indian was
alfo intimately acquainted with the religion of the
iflanJer^, being himfelf the principal prieft in the
country, lieluies this, ho had'a knowledge of navi-
giition, and wa; acquainted v.ith thcfituation and in-
habitants of the neighbouring iflands. On Wedncfday
the 1 2 th he came on board with n boy about twelve years
©f age, who was his fervant, wliole name was Taiyota,
and rcqucfVc'l that the Kcntlemen on hoard would let
him go with them, ("his being a^^rced to, Tupia
went eu (Lore fur the lalt time to bid farewell to his

friends, to whom he gnvt feveral bnubfrt, by way of
remenibrancr, at parting.

Captain Cook and Mr. Hanks wanting to obtain a
drawing of the Moral, wliich wat in the polKirion of
Tootahah, went to vifit himat Eparrr,aci ompaniedby
Dr. Solandcr, where thy were met by Oberea and fe-
vcral otheri. Tupia came b:ick with tbeni, and dipt on
board the (hip for the Hrit time, the Indian chiefs hav-
ing promifcd once more to vitit the gentlemen before
the vellel fct fail.

Accordingly, thefe friendly |>eople came on board on
inc joth, and a vail number uf canoes filled with In>
diant of the lower fort, furrouiuled the (hip. About
twelve, the captain weiffhed anchor, and notwitliAand-
ing all the little milunuerllandings that had happened
between thu Knglilhand the n.'xiives, who were treated
fumetimet |>crliap« too Irverely, yet ilir latter, wli9

Iiofli'llcd a great fund of good-nature and iruch fenfi-
lility, took their leave weeping in an atfe^ting man-
ner. At to Tupia, he felt the fcene, but wiin more
fortitude than his countrymen i though it might feeni
that he had the mof) caulc for weeping, he fupprcdcd
the darting tiar, and going to tlie mall-head with Mr.
Banks, took a lalt farewell of his country .—Kor
the entertainment of the curious reader, we (hall here
give a fummary account of what has been remarked
by the voyagers who vifitcd this iHaiKl, which is to the
following purport :—

" The people arc in general of a larger make than
thi Europeans. The males are moftly tall, robuil. Further d*-
and finely (haped ; the women of the higher clafs, in fcripiion ol
general are rather above the fizcof thole in England jOianciu,
nut it is remarkable that thofc of the lower rank are
below our Aandard, and fome of them are very (hort.
'I'heir natural complexion is a line clear otivc,or what
we call a imnttlt ; their (kin it delicately fmooth and
agreeably foft. Tlieir faces in general arc handfome,
and their eyes are full of fenfibility. I'hcir teeth are
remarkably white and regular, and their breath it in-
tircly free from any difagreeable fmell ; their hair it
for the maill part black. The men, unlike the at»-
riginti of America, have long beards, which thejr
wear in various forms ) and circumcifion is gcnerallj^
pra£ti(cd among them from a motive of cleanlineft*
wliich is carried fo far, that they have a term of re-
proach with which they upbraid thofc among them
who do not adopt this ciiltom. Both fexes always
er.idicatc the hair from their arm-pits, .ind they often
took ujion them to charge the £ngli(h gentlemen with
want of cleanlinefs, for not making uli- of the fame
method. 7'heir motions are eafy and graceful, and
thcii behaviour when unprovoked (as the reader hat
lecn) affable and courteous. Contrary to the cuOom
of moll other nations, the women of this country
cut their hair quite (hort, whereas the men wear it
long, (bmctimes hanging loofi: upon the (houlders,
and at other times tiedin a knot on the crown of the
held, in which they (lick the feathers of birds of va.
rious colours.

*' A piece of doth of the manufai^ure of the coun-
try it frequently tied round the heads of both fexcs,
in tlicmanner of a turban i and the women take paint
to plait human hair into long (Irings, which being
folded into branches, arc tied on the forehead by
way of ornament. They have a](b a oftom (not pc<
culiar to them, but pra<flifed in many of the hot coun-
tries) of anointing their hair with cocoa-nut oilj
the fmell of which is not very agreeable ; and having
no fort of combs among their various inventions,
they were infefted with vermin, which however they
quickly got rid of as fbon as they were furniflicd by
the Europeans with thefe convenient inllruments.

" The people of this illand (lain their bodies by
indenting or pricking the flelh with a fmall inllrument
made of bone, cut into Ihort teeth ; which indent-
ures they (ill with a dark blue or blackilh mixture,
prepared from the fmoke of an oily nut (burnt by thcn^
inftead of candles) and water; this operation, i\hich
is called by the natives I'at.iowing, is execcdinely
painful, and leaves an indelible mark on the (km.

6 ix

CAPTAIN COO k.

i»7

way of

itiin a
rion of

inii Ic-
lipi on
U luv-
I Man

oard on
ith In-
About
liAand'
ipprned
; (rratc4
r, wh»
h fcnr\-

i|( V.-JM-

in more
;ht (rem
ppriflc4
nth Mr.

For

lall here
cmarkcd
is to the

ike than

robulf. Further d«-
:lu|j, in (cripiion of
ngland i OUImu,
rank arc
ry fltort.
lUr what
rath ami
nifomtf
teeth are
th it in-
r hair i*
the at»-
ch they

ilincff,

of rc-

, thcni

jlwajrs
often

I with
fame

I and
ader has
: cuftom
country
wear it
oulders,

of the

uf va-

rcoun-

fcxcs.

Ice paint

being

cad by
not pc«
: coun-
ut oil 1

having
ntions,
cr they
nicd by
ts.
■dies by

umcnt

ndent-

ixturc,
ly thcn^

uhich

dinely

: ftTn.
It

It ii ufiially performed whrn tliry arc .ibout fen or
twelve years of agf, ami on dirtirnit I'.irts ol iht bo-
dy I but lho(f winch luft'cr rnnlt (iviTrly an' tl"' briTch
and ilu' liiinn, whiih are marked with iirilits, rartiiil
one above aiiollur a conliderablu wiy up iIh' hack.
At tin' operation i ( taiaDwina pertiirintd upDU the
poUi'riors uf a j>irl about twelve ye.if. of aj;e, Mr,
liaiikt w.is pri.fenl ; it wa<t executed with an inftru-
ment that had twenty teeth, and at each llroke, wliii'.!
was repeated every nii>ment, leriiui mixed with blood
ill'iied. She bore It with treat refidiitiun for fcveral
ininutcs ) but at length ine pain became Co intole-
rable, that (he murmured and complaintd, and then
burll into the inort violint lanicntaiioMi ; but her ope-
rator wa» inexorable, whilU f >me fcinalet prcfent chid,
and even beat her; Mr. Banks was a fpccVator for
near an hour, durino; which time it wa* performed
only on one fide, trie other having undergone the
ceremony fome time before j and the arches upon the
loins, which are the moft painful, but which they
moft value, were yet to be made. — Tlfry cloaih thcm-
felves in cloth and inatting of various kinds ; the
fjrft they we:'!- in fair, tlie latter in wet wcatlier.
They are In dilVerent form?, no (hapc being prufcrved
in them, nor arc the pieces fewed toitcthcr. The
women of a fuperior clafs wear three or four pieces.
One which is of confidcrable length, they wrap
fevcr-il times round their waift, and it falls down to
the middle of the leg. Two or three other (hort
pieces, with a hole cut in the middle of each, are
placed on one another, and their heads coming
through the holes, the long ends hang before and be-
hind, both fides being open, by which means they
have the free ufe of their arms. The mens drefs is
very fimilar, differing only in one iiiKance which is
that partof the garment, indead of falling below the
knees is brought between the legs. This drefs is
worn by all ranks of people, the only diftindHon be-
ing quantity in the fuperior clafs. At noon both
fexes appear almoft naked, wearing only the piece of
cloth that is tied round the waift. 'I heir faces arc
(haded from the fun with fmall bonnets, made of co-
coa-nut leaves or matting, which are conllruAeil in a
few minutes. The men fometimcs wear a fort of
wie made of human or dog's hair, or of cocoa-nut
firings, woven on a Angle thread, which is fattened
under their hair, and hangs down behind. Both men
and women wear ear-rings on one fide, confillingof
ibclls, ftones, berries, or fmall pearls i but they foon

fave the preference to the beads, brought by the £n-
eavour't company. The boys and girls go quite
naked ; the firu till they are feven or eight years old ;
the latter till they are about five. Their houfes,
which have been dcfcribed already, they feldom ufe
but to flcep in, or to avoid the rain, as they eat in
the open air, under the fhade of a tree. Their cloaths
fervc them at night for covering, and there are no di-
vifions or apartments. The mafter and his wife repofe
in the middle, then the married |)coplc ) next to thefe
the unmarried females, and at a fmall diflance the
men who are unmarried} and thefervants (leep in the
open air in fair weather. The houfes of the chiefs,
however, differ in fome degree j there arc fome very
fmall, and fo built as to be carried in canoes ; all fides
of them are inclofcd with the leaves of the cocoa-nut ;
the air neverthclefs penetrates : in thefe the chief and
his wife alone fleep. There are alfo houfes which are
general receptacles for the inhabitants of a diftri^.
Thefe are much larger, many being more than 200
fixt in length, 40 in breadth, and 70 or 80 feet high.
They are conllruAed at the common expence, and
have an area on one fide, furrounded with low pali
fadoes : but like the others have no walls.

'I When a chief kills a hog, which is but feldom, he
divides it equally among his valfals ; do^s and fowls
are more common. When the bread-fruit is not in
feafon, they are fupplied by cocoa-nuts, bananas,
plaiitains, ice. Their cookery confills chiefly of
baking, the manner of doing wnich has been already
dcfcribed. They balce their bread-fruit in the fame

way, which render* it frmrihin;; like ,t n't. Iv pd^.-
tiic I 1)1 lh>^ fruit three difhc« ar'- i.i, Ji', b\ I '>>ii{ it
til .< palle, and miMiif it "h h..n. r..-.,' 1 iit.ri <
11: nrpalfr, whith the n.ur 1 s i'<i;niiinte j ./'».

1 h'. paUc is made b;, f .hiiir bri..il-iri i wli'- . I»
lint thoroughly ri|ie, ai.'l Lvny i^ m ' 1, i> .>'i I
Willi leavi<i, by \shich 11 .-(i. it li'i. , th ore n
thill taken out, and thv (ruii piilin'.', ' jIc I i.e '.villi
gr..rs ( it \i th-n again co\ind v ': 1e.iv"«, iijxm
which laige ttoin 4 are i'!acril j {'., ■ >dii,'.» ' .on I
lertiientatiop, :ifi,'r which it jirovAs inir, and iiii!?i -
i;oe, i.ii chai'j'e lor a liiiic; lime : i'hv tnkr it In 11
ihi> hole as tlv y have rcc.ifioii foi and ni.il." it iiitu
baIN, it is rollid up in pliT.t.iin ! i.es, aid h l.ul |
as it will k. I lor I 'n-.c w\-ets a it. 1 it isdreli' ^, ili /
eat it both hot and lold. Such is the food 't tliile
people, Itieir faucc to wliieli ni'v, r tiiilids ot any
thing but f.ilt walir. As to the ir drink, it i. '•rue.'
rally cunfiiKd to water, or the n.ilk olthi- c 'coa iiut«
though there veie iiilfjiicis in which Con i if ilieni
drank fo finly of the Kii.;li(h liijiiors as o Iv c( nio
iiuitc intoxic.-.tcd. 'I'hij, liowLvcr, (.■ in d lo proceed
more from i,L'norai)ce than dili;:n, it they wire nivir
known to piactice a debauch of this liiu! a f. coiid
time. They were told iiulied ili it thi' cliii fs frnie-
linies lieeame iiiebiiatrd by drilikitv; the juice of a
plant called .\\a; but of this they"^ fiw no ind.ince
duriiiir the time they remained on tlie iflai'l. 1 he
chief gencr.illy eats ak'iie, unlefs wheniiliied ly ,1
Itrangcr, who is loinelimes permit'.'dilo bres'i-.c J
fecoiid inihenul's. Having notlinir to (ii'>|ily the
want of a table, they fit on the ;.;roiind in the I'l.u'e ;
leaves of trees being fpiead bilore them, (crve as 11
table-cloth : their attendants, who rre rinicrou',
having placed a biflici by fhechiifs, cont.iiniiijr tloir
provilions and a cocoa-nut fhell of fiefli and f..!t w.iti r,
let themfelves around j tluy tluii bepin by m ulhjii;
their mouths and hands, alti r which they eat a h.^ul-'
ful of bread-fruit and (ifh, ilipt in fait water alter-
nately, till the whole is confumij, tikin'^ a flip of
fait water like wife between almoK every miVfi I. 'I he
bread-fruit and fifh being all eaten, they next liavi
either plantains or apples., which they never lat « ith-
out being pared. Uurin;^ this time :i foft p.ille is pre-
pared from the bread-fruit, wliiehlhev (up out of cocoa-
nut fhells} this finiflies the meal, and the hands and
mouth arc apinwafhed as at the be^innimj. 'I'hey
eat an aftonifhing quantity of food at a ii'l-al 1 Mi.
Banks and fome other gentlemen law one of them de-
vour three fifh of the fize of a middling carp, four
bread-fruits, as large as a common melon j thirteen or
fourteen plantains, feven or eight inches loii^, ;inJ
above half as big lound, and a'jout a qiinrt of the
pafle made of bread-fruit. The inhabitants of this
ifland, though apparently fo fond of tlie pleafurcs of
fociety, have yet an averfion to holding nny inters
courfc with each other at their meals j and they arc
fo rigid in the obfcrvation of this cuftom that brothers
and fiflers have their feparate b.idcets to contain their
provifions, and generally fit at the difhinee of fjn-.c
yards when they eat, with their backs on each other,
and not exchanging a word during the whole time tf
ihcir repafl ; the middle-aged of fujierior rank, ufiuilly
po to fleep after dinner, but what is remarkable, the
older people arc not fo indolent, but mufio, dancing,
wreftling, and (hooting with the bow, cr throwin-' the
lance, conftitutc a chief part of their divcrfions. l-'Futes
and drums are formed of a circular piece of w ood,
hollow only at one end, this is covered with the (kin
of a fhark, inftcad of a flirk. The lbn;;s of the
iflanders arc txttmbtrt, and frequentiv in rhiinr, but
they confid only of two lin.s. Thefe arc often cou-
plets rchcarfed by way of evening amufcments, be-
tween fun-fct and bed time, during which interval
they burn candles made from an oily nut, fixing
them one above another upon a fmall ifick that is run
through the middle ) fome of thefe candles afford a
pretty good light, and arc known to burn for a long
time. They have a dance called Timorodce, which
Is generally performed by ten or a dozen young fc-

>rf«»

.'■fe^:-

' ,11

t8<

i;6i)

THE V O V A (; E OF

mjlv«, who ptil ihcmfilif* iiitu the iiioll wanii'ii at-
liiutli'-, k't|>iii)t linu' i! iiini; thv lurlniiiuiac w>ih
the );ri'4iill nliiry aiiJ rx.icliuln. I'li'gii.int Wuiiicii
arc ixcIikK'J Iiihii thcfi' il.iiict''. *

" i'crliiiul cl>..iiiliiuU ID much cllcemtii ininii.'t
ihrfc lnitiiin». Ilnth ft x<^ arc |>.irlii.'iiUr in wilhiii^
ihrcv timet .1 >l.iy, vi/. whvii ihcy rile 111 the ini>riiiii;^,
It noon, and iKliirc ihcy gu to nil. Tlicy an- .illn
vrry i-le:iiily in thiir iftuiln, fo that iM iJilu^'rn..il)U
rffliivi.i itrr hMinJ to arifc in the Ur^flt cnininiinitiek.

'* Cloth i^ thi' cliii'l' m.iniir.idiirc ij| Ut.ihritr, aiiJ.
i>l ihit tht'ii' .lie lliric rurt«, all yshicli ;ire in.dc mil
ol the li.iik ot Jirfirinl trec<, luinily, the mulhi-rrvi
till' l)ri.ul-liuit, ami u tree vvhii li Innrk liiiic rcliin-
hl.iiicc to ilKWitl-lnJum will! Hk-Iici'. TheHrrtot
thcl'e priHlucct tile liiielt cluth, »Tiieh islilJuin wniii
liiitbv ih'ifi •;(■ thefiillrank. '['hi next lort is m»ilr ul
ll.chrelil-tMiit tivi' anJthf \M\ ul tli.it whii.li refimlile*
the uiliJ riu;-tree. lint this Ijli |i>rt, iIiuul'M ihero.uleti
i« leirci-r ili.in the «th.'r t a(i, w IiicIi arc in.iiiiiUt tiind
only in lin.ill (|tiantitiev as thel.inie nunner \* iite>l in
iii.inuljclurinj; ill ihil'e tl"th^. [The lnlUiwing lie-
firiptinn will liilfn..' (or thi- leader's inturm.itidn. |

'* The h.iik dI' the tree hcing l!rip|Kd orf', ii lii.ikcd
ill wjt r |(ii two or three d.iv- ( they ihtn t.ike itiuit,
.iiul lip.irate the inner h:iik ironi the external ecut, liy
Krapiiig it w ilh a (hi II, al'ler whieh it i> ipiead oui
(.11 pl.iniain leaver, plaeing two or three layers over
one another, care heini: i.ikeii tu make it ol an etjual

liieKiiels in I

ry par

111 this Ihiic it eoniinncs till

il i> aliiiiilt dry, when it adheres (u lirnily thai it mav
It taken I'rom the |;round without bieakiMg. rtliii
ilii, plo^ef^, it Is laid cm a Iniooth board, and benteii
w itii an inllruinent made f 1 r the piirpoi'j, , if the com-

J'
{

a, he

' wood cilled Kki.1. The iniftuinmt

I'll. teen iiiehcs loii'i

isatii.ut
and about I'ev.n in tircuii.le-
iii c.' i is ofa qu.ulraiigular Ihape, and each oi (he tour
lides ik marked with longitu<liiial t;roovts or furrows,
dilKering in ilns inftancr, th it thnc is a regular graila-
t inn in the width aiidilepih of the gioovespiieaihof the
Tides; the eo.irlVr fide not enntainin^ more th.in ten
of tliel'c fill rows, wli.le the hiicit Is luinifhed with

.ibi.\c titi

It is with tliat lide of ihe "nallet where

the troo\js arc dvejii (I and wnlell that tlicy bii;iii u
beat their cloth, and proceeding; rei;ularlv, tinifli with
that which lias the gri.iteil iiuinbei. Uy this Ixatiii",
the cloth is cxteiiiled in a manner I'miilar to the i^idtt

that is formed into leaviN by the lianiii

and It IS

alfo marked with fiiiall thaiuiels refiniblinj; thofe
which are vifible in jiiper, but rathei deeper j it is in
pcneial beat very thin ; when ihey want it thicker than
common, they take two or three pieces and palJe
them tofjether with a kind of glue prepared from a
root c.ilLiI pi-n.

'I'lli^ I Inih becomes exceedingly white by blcachins,
am! is diid of a red, yellow, blown or black colour;
the t'lrll is excecilin;^ lx;autifiil, and equal, if not lu-
jRii.ir to any in Lurnpe. They make the red colour
from a mixture of ihe juices of two veuetables, nei-
ther of which ufed fepaiatcly has this ell'tet : matting
of variou.> kiiid^ is another confiderable nianufadure
in which they excel, in many rcl'|ice'ts, the Europe-
ans. They m.ike uli; of the coarfer fort to flcep on,
and in wet wealher ihcy wear the finer. They excel
in the br.flat and wicker work ; both men and women
employ ihemfelvcs at it, and can make a great number
of difterent patterns. They make ropes and lines of
iill fizes of the bark of the I'ocrou, and their nets for
fifhini; are m.iileof lliefe lines; the fibres of the cocoa-
nut they make thread of, lueh as they ufe to fallen
together the feveral parts of their canoes ; the forms

• (ii-,- < f tlic Moifl cunr-ni": of til:- (.enplc of Otjlu-ilc» is ihar
Witicii l.-vcinl (tf ilie piir.cipal pcojlenf lite iflatui I .vc ^.dfip'nl
ot vinii' i; in an airDciaiiiin, vel-crcin no woman contincs Iieifclf
to anv (^^liicuUr man, bv whi.'h mciiti.j iticv obtain a |<tpctual
fiKictv. 'rlicfc i'.^citiiti arc caiicJ Arrcoy. 'i'lic mentlicrs have
mee-irp? wlicic t!ic mm amufc ilicinlclvcs with ivrelllip):,.(ii<l
tlic wnincn f'anfc liic 'rMr.f,ro''tc ir. I'licli a manner a^ ih mod liktly j
to cxciic tlic ilelirei uf the uilier Ici, and which were frcqucutly I

of which air vaiir.iis, acoordiii.! to the ufe to wliiti'
they ate :ipplied. I luir lilhiiy lines aii dleili.id ilia
Ultiii ihe w>iild, inatle 1)1 iIk- baik i>l ih" 1 loit.i, a
kiiidol iiilttc which uiows on ihe iiioiini.ioi ; thiy
are ilioiig eimugli to hold ilu It.avicK aii.l nioit viy«>
luus hlh, lueh atboiieiiaf and altiicoKs, in Hi. [t,lli>f
are eitreinely iii^eiiiuu* ill cyery c)i|H'iliciil lui taking
all kiiid«ol lilh.

•* I'Ik IooIh which thcfv people tnake ufe of furbuiM<
iiijyhoulei, cunllnieliiij; caiiiHs, hewing Ituiits, ajid
lor lelliny, cleayiui,, i.iivin^ and ptdiliiiilg liilibe:,
conliltk ol nnthiii,' more ih.iii'an ail/.eol Itoix , aiij it
ehilli I of bone, niult commonly that uf a man's arm |
and lor a lilc or polilhei, tJicy iiiuk* ulc v( a rafp ol'
coral and coral land.

" Tlie bUdcsol iJiiir atl/et .trcrxlrcmrly l(Higlt,but
not nry haid i they make them of vatioii, n/i ., iholi
loi lelling wood, wci^h fix or leveii pmiiuls, aii4
>>ther> which are ufed lot carving', only a lew ounce* ;
Ihey aiu obliged every minute 10 Ih.'rpen tliciii on a
llone, which is alwayn kipt near them h r that piit-
pole. 'i he iiudt diUieiilt talk ihey meet mill in iho
iiie of thefc tools, is the fell mg of a tiee, which tm-
ploysagreai liiiiiiberof h iiidi. tor feveral il.ns t.^gclhir.
I he tree whieh isingUKral ule is called ./..,, ihi Item
ol whidi i>, llr.iii and t.ill. S<iiiie ot their Inmllu bo^K
arc m.ulv ol the hreail-fiuit tree, whuh is Wiought
without much dilfieiilty, being of a light liiun^r
nature. Inlt.ad of planes they ufe their ad/es u iia
griat (lexieiiiy. TIkii c.iiiihs .lie .ill Ihapid wiihihc
hand, the Imlians nni being aci|u>oiititl wuh the iiic-
tliod ol Warping a plank.

" Ihcy ha', e two kinds of canoes ( one they call
hhihaht, the other pnhiti j the fotiner is iiled lor Ihort
voyages at lea, and the latter for Ion;; ones, I hele
boatu do not ditl'er either in fliapc 01 li'/e, but they
are in nodei^ree proportionate, being lioni fixty to
feventy feet in leiigih, and not more than the iliir-
tielh part in breadth. Some ,iie em|>loyed in g<>iiig
Iroin one ifl.md to another, and oihrrs uf d loi lilhin^.
I lute Is alto the Iv.di.ili, which leivcs for war;
ihcfe aieby fai the longell, and the hi-ad and Hern are
cunlideialilv .,bove ihe Uidy. Thule ivah.ilu arc faf-
teiud tcyitlier, fide by fide when they go to lia, at the
ililtanee of a le>\ leet, by llroiij^ woiidin pole.s, wli.ch
are laid acii.fs them ami joined to each fule. A ll-'gc
or platform is railed on the fore pan, about tenor
twelve tett long, upon which lland the fiL;hiing-inen,
whole niulile weapons are llingsaiid fpe.irs. Jjencath
thcfe il.i^es ilic towels iii, who fiipply the pl.tce of
thofe who aie wounded. The liiliing Ivahahs are
from iliriy or forty to ten feet in Ungtli, and thofe
for tiayellinj; have a fiiiall hoiifu fixed on board,
which is faltentd upon the fore-part, for the b-ticr
accommodation of pcrfoiis of rank, who occupy them
both day and night. The paliics dilier alio in fizc«
being from fixty to fcvt^iity feet long, tluy arc alf*
very narrow, and are fonictimes ufed tor Agliting, hut
cliii fly for long voyages. In going from one illaiid
to another, they are out fometime.su month, and often
at lea a fortnight or twi my ilays, and if ihey had con-
venience to ftovv more protifiuns, they could /fay out
much longer.

'I'hefe veflbls are very ufeful in landiag, and put-
ting ofi'from the llioie in a furf, for by their great
len^'th and high (Urn they landed dry, when the tu-
dcavour's boats could fearcely land at all.

They are very curious in the conllruclion of thcfe
boats, the chiet^parts or pieces whereof are formed fe-
parately without either law, plane, chill'el, or any
other iron tool, which renders their fabrication more

furprifing

gratiiitil in ilie airtnildy. A niuok wOrfc prailict is eliecanfc-
(piciicc fit tlii>. Ii ar.' of the women provu with chi!.., ;lti: iu-
f.int i< (IcOoncd, unlcfs the mother'-, natural alTLfliun (h.iu!4
proail leiih her to iircfcrit its life, wliifli, howtur is lorlci'td
uiilils Ih.' can p.ocurt a man to a(i<pt it. .Ami whurc llir fiic
ccccl. ill ihis, Ihc i» cx|«lled from ihs fnciet being calliil
Wliaiinovvrovv, wi.ieli ligmllcj 1 burcr of ehiicJicii, bv way
ofrcpiiiach. 7

CAPTAIN COOK.

iffi)

(lie

.ge
or
.11,

•of

are

Itule

ILIB

ize,

hut
I lid
icn
>n»

It*

fbrprifinf; «nd wnrthy obfcrv.iiinn. 1 hrfc partt KinR
prcpiretl, thrktxl ithxnl upon bincki, and thcpUiik«
•re fupportcd witli prupt, oil (hey arr Icwcd or jfiinrd
together with llrnng plaited thongn, which arc n.illrd
(cvcral limci ihroufrh huln horn! with a cliillcl of
bonr, I'uch at they cummunly make ufcuf, and when
finilhrd, thry are fuAcirnily tight without r.iulking.
I'hey keep thtfc boats with great care in a kind i>t
flicd, built on piirpolc lu contain ilicm. Mr. Hinkt
and Dr. Sulandcr were at a lufi to find nut their
method of dividing time, thry alwayi nude ufc of the
term Malama, which fignifiea the inuon, whenever ihcy
funke of lime, cither pall or to come, thcv reckon
thirteen of thefc niooni, beginning again when they
•re expind. Thii provci that they have Tome idea of
the folar year ( but thefe gentlemen could not dil'covcr
how they computed their monthi, to make thirteen
eoual to the year, ai they faid thefe months ^-onfilU'd
of twenty-nine davi, one dav >n which the moon was
invifible being included. They, however, knew the
prevailing weather that was to be expeclcd, as well as
the fruita which would be in feal'on. As to the day,
they divide it into twelve ei^ual parts, fix of which
belong to the day, and the other fix to the night.
iVIicn they numerate, they reckon from one to ten,
making ulc of their fingers, and changing h.-«nds, till
they came to the number which they intended to ex-
prcli i and Joining cxprellivc figns to their words, in
the courfe of their converi'ation. Uut they arc not fo
expert in meafuring diliancts, for when they attempt
dcicribing the fpace between one place and another,
they arc obliged to cxpieft it by the time that would
be taken in paffing it,

** With rcgara to their 1angiia);r, it is foft, as it
abounds with vowels, and eafy to be pronounced ; hut
very few of their nouns or verbs being decliiieable, it
mull confcqucntly be rather imperfect. However, they
found means to bic mutually uiidcrllood without much
difficulty. •

** The natives of this country are feldom affliilcd
with anv difeafcs except fometimes an aceidenta' fit of
the chofic ■, but they arc fubjcil to the crifypelas, at-
tended with cutaneous eruptions fumewhat rciem-
bling the leprofy ; and if they have it to any coii-
fiderablc degree, they are excluded from iucKly and
live alone, in a fmall houfc in fome unfreouented part
ofthcinand. The management of the lick belongs
to the pricflf, whofe method ot'cureconfilhgrncrally
of prayers and ceremonies, which arc repeateatill they
recover oi die. If the former happens, it is attributed
to their mode of proceeding i if the patient dies, then
they urge that the difeafe was incurable.

*' 'rhc religion of thefe iflandets appears to be very
myfteiious; and as the language adapted to it, was
dittercnt from that which was (poken on other occa-
fioiis, the Englifli were not able to gain much know-
ledge of it. I'upia, who gave them all the informa-
tion that they got in regard to this particular, inform-
ed them. That his countrymen imagined every thing
in the creation to proceed from the coniunoion uf
two perfon;. One of thefe two firft being (the fu-
prcmc deity) they called 7'aroataihctoomo, and the
other Tapapa } and the year which they call Tettow-
matatayo, they fuppofe to be the daughter of tliefe
two> They alfo imagine an inferior lort of deities.

Vol. I. N^iy.

* Tlie fullowiog fpcc
fnrm loine noiion of ih«

Aliiint, awtman

Aiotu, Me cut
Arte, a €ii'"f
Aoiiiii, tt'Jjy
An\, watrt
Ealioo, ihr Ktfr
Eatvuw, fjcilj
F.i p, /• ral
F.cyo, fo€\ y9u
Eniuio, /s Am '

£(■"1 • a dium '-■. f

Ef.<;entt, till ni%
E^lie, »J*"t

imen will pofTilily cniMe the ictJcr lo

Krowio*, «*' ^f^i

Hualictntt < »t*Jt

liopi, M/jJ

Kxfoo tmetm\\tt,atk»»itr-fu

M>li>iit, « ijf

Marrouwhait dry

Maiau, llu tjtt

Mstu luali, /< iie

Ma) DTCDce, '• /■' tU

Mcvoooo, (<' Mill

Midec, a ckid

Mutct. a k'Jt

M\iy, g9Qd

N»hcco, ^«cJ tti^ht

known l>y itie "imf of F.atii.u, I wo ol wlhini, tiny
fav, foriiiirly mhahiied the e.itili, and ih.y liipp^li.-
ih.it the liill man aiul uotii.iii lUrniiili.l Imin iln in.
The Siiprrmc Ucini; th«-y llylr " Ihi' tjudi ofrailh-
quakek t" but moii- (rci|miilly aiMrilH ihi^r prayers
lo Taiir, whom thry coiitiiM to k' :i f n ol ihr liill
progenitors III nature. T i V b.lieve in ihiixilUnee
ol till- luul III a kparale llair, ami Iu|>|>mIi- ihit tli.ic
ail- two lilualioni .liHcnii;' in the di^iecs "I h.ippiii' I-.,
which they eoiiliiler a» reei ptai li» Inr diH'eriiit iiiikv,
but nut M places of lew.ii.N and piininiment>. Their
notion is, that the ehiels niiil principal people will
have the prclercntc to thofc of lower lanks. l''or as
to their actions thry cannot ronciivc thcni lo inflii-
rnce their lutuie Hate, as tliey hilhM'ihc iKity l.ikcs
no cognizance of them. The office ol prie(M» here-
ditary i (here arc feveral of them of all ranki : thu
chid is rel|KClcd next to their kingi ; .iiul thiy :ire in
general fupenor tu the natives, not only in point of
Oivinc knowleil^r, biitalfuiii that of altiononiy .uid
navigation. They are not at all conciriicd wiih tl.u
ceremony of marria^", which it only a fimple a^Tie-
ment between the man and the wuinaii, e.nd when
they chufe to fcparate, the matter is accomplilhcd
with as little ceremony as was ihoujlit iiecdl.iry lo
bring them together. Thel'e people i!o not appear lo
worlnip images ol any kind j but they ejiitr ihrir
Morais with great awe ami hunii!ilv,lheir biMlies bcinff
uncovered to the wailt when they bring their oH'erii-.^
to the altar.

'• As to their form of government, there is a fort
ol fiibordinatinn among tliem which rclenibles the
early llate of all th.- natioiia of I'.uropc when under
the feudal fyflem, which rrierved authority lo a rniall
number, putting the reft iiitirely in their power. The
ranks of the people of this ifland were thefe, Eireo
Rahic, fignifyinga king or fuprcme governor ; Kar.e,
anfwering to the title of baron ; Maniiahounies, lo
that of vafl'al i and Tuutou, under which n.unc was
included the lowed orders of the people. Inch as Mi
called villains according to the old law term. The
Earec Rahie, of which there are two here, one be-
longing to each peninl'ula, had great relpe^l flieua
them by all ranks. The Earees arc lonis of one or
more of the dillri^i, into which thtl'e guvcrimients
are divided I and they feparate their territories into
lots, which are given among the Manahoonies,
who refpe^ivcly cultivate the Dure thai' they I old
under the baron. But they arc only nominal culti-
vator* ; this, as well as all other l.iborioiis work,
bringdone by the Toutou, or lower clafs of the people.
The fovercign, or Karee Rahic, and the baron, or
Earee are luccccded in titles and honours by their
children, as foon as they arc born ; but their cdates
remain in their polTeOion, and fulijei5l to the manage-
ment of their parents. Every dillrici under the com-
mand of an Earee furnifties a proportionate numlxrr
of fighting men, for the defence of tlic common
caufe, in cafe of a general attack ; and they are all
fuhjeil to the command of the Earee Rahic. The
number of fighting men furniflied by the principal
diftriiSls, amounted (according to 'I'upia's account)
to upwards of 6ooo. Their weapons, as wc have al-
ready obl'erved, confill of flings, with which they
are very dextrous, and of long clubs, remarkably
D d d hard.

I -(7

Oliotx)!, fc-mrrreiy
l>owhaU( tfif thighs
Orc*(tcliat\i« ainrtr nail
l)(e*cciec«, a f'mall nuii
Otaowa, jtfjlciJjf
Pahie. ajbip
Paraueit ajtirt
Poa, (I nijiht
Poe, ear-rh(:s
Tanc, a hujhanJ

Tatta xc Jiomannrc maitai,

(;«./. ff(i/urf(/ ferjcn
Tci), iphife
Ttmi, « hnjhfr
Toualieine, a JiJ^er
Tnoarahoc, yoti and J
Toonoah, a mo/^ in the Jkin
Tumatau, a hcnnet
Wahua, /ire

Ic U umaikalile that the |«op1c of OtahcitCt Rndins ^ren
tlifficultv in prnnouncinp Engliftt name?, inftitutei! other*. m«ire
a^rceahfe with their own 1an;^aKe| hv which thev dirtingMtflicd
their ^uelH: Thns Captain Cook ih'jy callcil Twr^,- Hicki,
iUte ) Green, Trcen ; anJ, Mr. Uaoki they callcU Opang,

190

THE VOYAGE OP

f^aWlnc.

hard, with whiih they fight obftinately and cruelly,
giving no quartet to their enemies in time of bat-
tle."

While the Endeavour Raid at Otaheitc, there was
a good undcrdanding between the Eareet of the two
peninfulas, though it fcems that the Eureeof Tiar-
rt'bau called himfclf king of the whole ifland : this
however was a mere nominal claim, and was con-
fidcrcd as fuch by the inhabitants. There is nothing
amon^ them fubfiiluted for money or a generil me-
dium by which every defirablc obje£i may DC purchafed
or procured ; neither can any permanent good be ob-
tiincd by force or fraud. I'he general commerce
with women lets afide almolt every excitement to com-
mit adultery. In a word, in a government fo little
polilhed, though diftributive jultice cannot be regu-
larly adminillered, as at the lame time there can be
but few crimes whereon to exercife it, the want of
this juflice is not fo fevercly felt, as it muft bein more
civilifcd Ibcietics.

Before the crew of the endeavour quitted Otaheite,
it is to bo remarked that they were apprifcd of the na-
tives having the venereal difeafe among them, which it
was cafy to conclude v.as difleminated there by M.
Bougainville's people. The iflanders called it by a
namecxpreflive of rttltnnefi, and gave the moftdifmal
accounts of its efFefts, obfcrving that the hair a.".d
nails i.' (hofc who v\'ere firft infected with it, fell off,
and the flcfli rotted from their bones ; while their
countrymen uninfc£lcd, and ncareft relations were
fo much terrified at the appearance, that the unhappy
lu Aci'cr was often furfaken by them, and left to perifn
in that horrible condition. —

On Thurfday, the 13th of July, after leaving the
ifland of Otaheite, they failed with clear weather and
a gentle breeze ; and Tupia informed them that the
i (lands which he called Huahe'mi, Vlirtta, Olaba, and
lieLbih, were at the diflance of about one or two
days fail, and that hogs, fowls, and other refrefhments
which were \eTy fcarce on board, were to be got there
in great abundance. Accordingly they proceeded in
fearch of thcfc iflands, and difcovered Huaheine, on
the I4.th, and founded on the i6th near the north-
weft part of the ifland, but found no bottom at 70
fathoms. Several canoes put off; but the Indians
feemed fearful of coming near the vefTcl till the fight
of Tupia removed their apprehenfions. They then
came along fide, and the king of Huaheine and the
(fuecn came on board. They feemed furprifed at what-
ever was fhewn them, but made no inquiries after any
thing hut what was immediately prefentcd before
them. The king, whofe name was Oroe, pr^ipofed
exchanging names with Captain Cook, a cuflom which
is looked upon as a mark of friendihip in thir ifland,
and which the captain readily complied.

The people here appeared in aimoft every refpcft
fimilar to thofe of Otaheite; only Tupia aKexttA
that they were not like them addiAed to thieving.

The captain having come to an anchor in a fmall
but convenient harbour on the wed fide of the ifland,
went on fhore with Mr. Hanks, and fome other gen-
tlemen, accompanied by the king and Tupia, The
laft-mentioned uncovere<l himfelf to the waift, de-
' firing Mr. Monkhoufe to follow his example. Being
featrd, he now began a fpeech, which lafted about
twenty minutes j the king, who flood oppofite to him,
aiifwering in what feemed fet replies. During this
difcourfe he delivered, at different times, a handker-
chief, a black filk neck-cloth, fome beads, and plan-
tains, as prefents to their Eatua or Deity. He
received in return for the Eatua, of the Englifh, a
hog, fome young plantains, and two bunches of
feathers, which were carried on board. Thcfe cere-
monies were confidered as a kind of ratification of a
treaty between the Englifh and the king of Hua-
licine.

On the 17th they went again on (hore, and walked
up into the country, the produ£lions of which greatly
refemhied thufe of the C5iahcite -, the rocks and clay
ieemed, Uowcv«r, more burnt i the boat-houfes were

Urge, and the other houfes neat. 'Jlie level part of
the country atTords the moll beautiful landfcapcs that
the imagination can poflibly form an idea of; the foil
is exceedingly fertile, and ihefhore is lined with fruit.<
trees of ditferent kinds, particularly the cocoa-nut,
u hirh was fceii in great abundance. I'hey alfo went
on fhore on the i8th, without Tupia, but his boy,
whofe name was Taiyota, accompanied them, and Mr.
Banks propofed taking a more perfefl view of a kind
of chcfl, or ark, which he had before obferved : the
lid of this ark was covered in a peculiar manner, and
thatched with palm-nut leaves. It was placed upon
two polesv and fullaincd on fmall carved arches of
wood i the poles ferved to remove it from one place tu
the other, in the manner of a fedan chair : it is '.«ry
furprifing, that this chefl was of a form greatly re-
fembling the ark of the Lord, among the Jews, but
what was flill more extraordinary, the boy informed
tbem that it was called Ewhani n» Eatua, thi houfi if
tbt Gsdf but could give no account of its meaning or
utility. — With fome difficulty they negotiated for
eleven pigs, and were not without hopes of obtain-
ing more the next morning. —

On the 19th they carried fome hatchets with thtm,
with which they procured three hogs. As they pio>
pofed to fail in the afternoon, the king, accompanied
by fome others of the natives, came on board to take
his leave, when his majefty received from Captain
Cook a fmall pewter plate, with the following inlcrlp-
tion, " His Britannic Majcfty's fhip Endes-our,
Captain Cook commander, 16 July 1769." He alfo
was prefentcd with fome medals, or counters, refem-
bling the coin of England, and other trifles which
were very acceptable to him. I'he ifland lies in
16" 43' fouth latitude, and 150° 52' welt longitude;
it is about 30 leagues diffant from Otaheite, and is
about twenty miles in circumference. Their produc-
tions fccm to be about a month forv. :""!..■ than thefe of
Otaheite. Mr. Banks faw only a few new pi. nts,
but he found here a new fpecies of fcorpion.

I'he inhabitants are of a very lazy difpofition, but
are flouter and larger made than tiiofe of Otaheite.
I'he women are much fairer thatt thole of that ifland,
and in general are very handfome i neither fo fufccpt-
ible of fear, nor not fo defirous of information.

They failed from Huaheine for the ifland of Ulietea,uiictet.
and came within a league or two of the fhore in the
aflernoon. The next morning, by the direftion of
I'upia, they anchored in a bay which is formed by a
reef on the north fide of the ifland, two canoes full of
the natives 'x>n came off from the fhore, and brought
with them two fmall hogs, which they exchanged for
fome naili and beads. I'he captain, Mr. Banks, and
fome other gentlemen now went on Store, accompa-
nied by Tupia, who introduced them with the fame
kind of ceremonies that had taken place on their land-
ing at Huaheine ; after which Captain Cook took pof-
fclTion of this adjacent ifland in the name of the king
of Great Britain. They then walked to a large Mo-
ral, which the natives called Tapodoboatea. They
found that it difTered from the fepulchral ornaments
of Otaheite, being compofed of four walls, about
eight or nine feet in height, and built of large coi al
flones, furrounding a court of about 30 feet fquare.
They faw an ewhatta or altar, on which a hog was
placed as an ofl'ering, weighing about an hundred
pounds. There was an amphitlicatre in the front of
this morai, facing the fea. They alfo faw three or
four Ewbarte, tii Eatua (houfe« of God) like that
which was obferved at Huaheine,

The mafter was fent on the 2ifl to infpeft the
fouthern part of the ifland, and a lieutenant was dil-
patchtd in the yawl to found the harbour where the
Endeavour lay, while the captain went in the pin-
nace to take a view to the northward. On their re-
turn they faw a tree of the fame kind as that which
had been ubl'erved by Mr. Green at Otaheite ; the cir-
cumference of the trunk, or rather congeries of the
routs of which, rticnfurcd about 40 yards.

The hazy weather and brifk gales prevented Captain

Cuok

■ ^ .^^.^itc ■

Captain cook.

jt.t

irt or

I that
K foil
fruit-*
i-nutf

went
s hoyt
dMr.

kind
1 : the
r, and
I upon
hcs of
lace tu
s '. «ry
tly re-
9, but
Fomeil
ouj't cf
ting or
ed for
ibtain-

thcm,
■y pio.
ipanicd
to take
):\ptain
nfcrip-
;!"our.
He alfo

re fern -

which

lies in
jitude ;

and is
)roduc-
thefe of

pints,

>n, but
taheite.
ifland,
ufccpt-
I.

Jlietea,uiiete».
in the
tion of
by a
full of
irought
ged for
and
ompa-
fame
land-
nk pof-
king
Mo-
rhcy
amcnti
about
Coral
fquare.
og was
undrcd
rent of
liree or
that

a the
■as (lil-
.rc the
pin-
eir re-
which
hccir-
of the

laptain
Cuuk

Oiohi.

Maurui.

Cook fiom gf^'ting under fail, till the S4th, when
he put to tea, and fleerid northward within the reef,
towaiJs an opening, at the diOance of about rive or
fix leagues, in eA'e^ling wliich he was in great danger
of ftriking on a rock, the man who founded, crying
out on a fudden " Two fathoms," which could not but
alarm them greatly, but luckily they reccivctl no da-
mage.

The name of tite bay where the Endeavour lay at
anchor is Oopoa. It is capacious enough to hold a
great number of (hipping, and is fccured from the
lea by a reef of rocks. Its fituation is otf the eallern-
moftpartof the ifland. The provifions here confift
of cocoa-nuts, yams, plantains, and a few hogs and
fowls. The country round about the place where
they landed was not fo plentiful as at Otaheitc or
Huaheine.

They were within a league or two of the ifland of
Otoha; but could not get near enough to land (the
wind having proved contrary) till the 25th in the
morning, wlien Mr. Banks and Dr. Solander went
in the long-boat with the mafter, in order to found a
harbour on the eaft fide of the ifland, which they
found fafe and convenient. They then went on (liorc
and purchafed a large quantity of plantains, and fome
hogs and fowls. 1 he produce of this ifland was much
the fame with that of Ulietca, but it feemcd to be
more barren. They received the fame compliment
from the Indians here, as was ufual for them to pay
their own kings, which was by uncovering their
fhoulders, and wrapping tlicir cloaths round their
bodies. They made fail to the northward, and at
eight o'clock the next morning they were under the
high peaks of Bolabola. They found the ifland in-
acceflible in this part, and found likewifc that it was
imprfliblc to weather the fouth end of it till late at
night. On the 13th they difcovered an ifland which
Tupia called Alaurua, but faid it was fmall, furrounded
by a reef, and without any commodious harbour, but
inhabited, and yielded nearly the fame produce as the
adjacent Iflands. In the middle is a high round hill
which may be fecn at eleven or twelve leagues dillance.
In the afternoon, finding themfelves to windward of
fome harbour that lay on the wefV fide of Ulietea, they
intended to put into one of them, in order to flop a
leak which they had fprung in the powder-room, and
to take in fome additional ballaft. The wind being
right againft them, they plied on and oA:' till the after'
noon of the firll of Auguft, when they came to an
anchor in the entrance of the channel, which led into
one of the harbours.

OnVVednefdaythead, in the morning, when the tide
turned, they came into a proper place for mooring in
38 fathom. In the interim many of the natives came
off, and brought hogs, fowls, and plantains, which
were purchafM upon very moderate terms, Mr. Banks
and Dr. Solander went on (here, and fpent the day
very agreeably ; the natives ihewing them great re-
fpcd : being conducted to the houfes of the chief peo-
ple, they found tliofc who had ran haftily before them,
ilanHing on each fide of a long mat fpread upon the
eround, and the family fitting at the farther end of
It. In one houfe they obferved Ibme very young girls
drcflcd in the neatefl manner, who kept their places
waiting for the ftranjers to accoft them j thcfe girls
WTrc the moft beautiful the gentlemen had ever
feen.

One of them, who was about fevcn or eight years old,
was drcfTcd in a red gown, and her head was decorated
with a great quantity of plaited hair; this ornament
is called Tamou, and i<; held in great ellimation among
ihem. She was fitting at the upper end of one of their
long mats, on which none of the people prtfent pre-
fumed to let a foot ; and lier head was reclined on the
arm of a decent lookingwoman, who appeared to be
her nurfe; when Mr. Banks and Dr. Solander ap-
proached her, ftie flretched out her liaiij to receive
fome beads, which they prefented to her, with .in air
of fuch dignity and graccfulncfs, as would have done
honour to the firft princcfs in Europe,
6

^■M

Before their departurf, they were er.fert^inctl with
a dance, different from any thty had fun lufore. ^— «-
The performer put upon his head a large piece of
wicker-work, about four feet long, of a cylindrical
form, covered with feathers, and i^c;cd round with
fhaik's teeth. Having this head-drels on, which is
called a Whou, he began to dance with a flow motion )
frequently moving his head, fo as to defcribc n circle
with the top of his wicker cap,nnd fomctimes throwing
it fo near the faces of the by-ftanders as to make thini
jump back : tllis they con fidercd as an cxcclknt pitcc
of humour, and it always produced a hi arty l^upji,
when prailifed upon any of the Kfiglifh gentle-
men.

On Thurfday the 3J, as Mr. Ranks and the Doc-
tor were going along the fhore to the northward, with
adefignto purchafe flock, they met with a coinp;iny
of dancers, who retarded the progrefs of their ex-
curfion. The company was conipoied of fix men ;ind
two women dancers, with three drums. They were
informed that tliefe dancers were fome of the principal
peopleof the ifland, and though they were an itine-
rant troop, they did not, like the ftrolling parties of
Otaheite, receive any gratuity from the by-flanders. ,
The women wore a confiderable quantity of tamou,
or plaited hair, ornamented with flowers of the cape
jeflamine, which were fluck in with taftc, and made
an elegant head-dref". The womens necks, breads,
and arms, were'naked ; the other parts of their bodies
were covered with black cloth, which was faftcncd
dole round them, and by the fide of each brcafl, next
the arms, was a fmall plume of black feathers, worn
like a nofegay.

Thus apparelled, they advanced fuleways, kcepinf;
time with great exaftnefs to the drums, which beat
quick aiid loud ; foon after they began to (hake them-
felves in a very whimfical manner, and put their bo-
dies into a variety of ftrangc poftures, fomctimes fit-
ting down, and at others falling with their faces to
the eround, and refting on their knees anu elbows,
moving their fingers at the fame time with a quicknefs
fcarcely to be credited. The chief dexterity, how-
ever, of the dances, as well as the amiifement of the
fpe£lators, confifted in the lacivioufncfs of their at-
titudes and geflures.

Between the dances of the women a kind of dra-
matic interlude was performed bv the men, confifliiig
of dialogue as well as dancing ; but for want of u
fufHcient knowledge of their language, t!iry ould not
learn the fubjeiEl of this interlude.

Mr. Banks, Dr. Solander, and ibinc other gen-
tlemen, were prefent at a more regular dramatic en-
tertainment the next day. The performers, who were
all men, were divided into two parties, one drcfied in
brown, and the other in white, by way of diftinilion.
Tupia being prefent, informed them that theparty in
brown aftcd the parts of a maftcr and his Icrvants,
and the party in white, a gang of thieves ; the maftcr
having produced a bafket of me.it, which he gave ia
charge to his fervants : which party, exhibited a
variety of expedients, in endeavouring to fteal this
bafket, and the brown let as many in preventing the
accomplifhment of their defign. After fome time h:td
been fpent in this manner, thoft to » horn the bafket
was intruded, laying themfelves down on the ground
round it, pretended to fall afleep j the otlur party
availing themfelves of this opportunity, Hole gently
upon them, and carried off their booty ; the fervants
awaking foon after, difcovered their lofs, but they
made no fearch after the bafket, and began to dance
with as much alacrity as before.

On Saturday the 5th, fome hogs and fowls, and fe-
veral large pieces of cloth, many of them being fifty
orfixty yards in length, together with a quantity of
plantains and cocoa-nuts, were fent to Captain Cook,
as a prefent from the Earee Rahie of the ifland of Hola- BoUboI
bola, accompanied with a meflagc, importing that
he was then on the ifland, and intended waiting on
the captain.
On Sunday the 6th, the king of Bolabola did not

vifit

»9»

THE VOYAGE OF

1769

ObitLica,

vlAt them agreeable to his promife, his abfence, how-
ever, was not in the Icatt regretted, as he fent three
voung women to demand I'ometliing in return lor his
prclent. After dinner, thev fct out to pay the king
u vifit on Ihorc, fince he did not think proper to come
on board. As this man was the Earee Rahie of the
RolaboU men, who had conquered this, and were
the dread of all the neighbouring iflands, they were
greatly difappointcd, inurad of finding a vigorcius cn-
terpriiing youii;; chief, to fee a poor feeble old
dotard, half blind, and finking under the weight
of age and intirmities. He received them without
cither that ftate or ceremony which they had hitherto
met with among the other chiefs.

On Wedncfday the igth, having flopped their leak,
and taken on board their frclh flock of provifions they
Ihilcd out of the harbour. Though they were feve-
ral leagues diflant from the idand of Uulabula,
Tupia earnedly intreated Captain Cook, that a fliot
might be hred toAards it j which, to gratify liim,
the captain complied with. 7'hi$ was fuppofed to
have been intended by Tupla as a mark of his re
ientment againft the inhabitans of that place, as tluy
had formely taken from him large pofleflions which
he held in the iAandof Ulietea, of which illand Tupia
was a native, and a fubordinate chief, but was driven
out by thefc warriors.

They had great plenty of provifions, as well of
hogs, as of vegetables, during the time they con-
tinued in the neighbourhood of thefe illands, fo that
they were not obliged to ufe any confiderable quantity
of the (hip's provifions, and they had flattered them-
felves, that the fowls and hogs would have fupplied
them with frefh provifions during the coiirfc of their
voyage to the fouthward, but in this they were un-
happily difappointcd, for as the hogs could not be
brought to eat any European grain, or any provender
whatever, that the (hiji afforded, they were reduced
to the difiigreeable necefTity of killing them immedi-
ately on their leaving thufe illands ; and the fowls all
died of a difi-afc in their heads, with which thoy were
feized foon after they had been carried on board.

As they were detained longer at Ulietea in repairing
the fliip than they cxpcdtcd, they did not go on fliore
at Bolabola ; but after giving the general namcofTTi*
Soiiciy IjLnh, to' the illands of Huahcine, Ulietea,
Bolabola, Otaha, and Maurua, which lie between
the latitude of 16" 10' and 18° 55' foiith, they pur-
fued their couife, ffanding fuuthuardly fur an ifland,
to which they were directed by Tupla, at above lOO
Itagueb dirtant, which they difcovered on Sunday the
13th, and were informed by him, that it was called
Obiteiea.

The next morning they ftood in for land, and faw fe
vrralofchclnhabitantscomingalongthe (horc. Oncof
the lieutenants was difpatched in the pinnace to found
for anchorage, and to obtain what intelligence could
be got from the natives concerning any land, that
might be fjitlicr to the fouth. Mr. Banks, Dr. So-
tandcr,and Tupia, went with the lieutenant in the boat.
%Vhcn they approached the (horc,thcy obfcrved, tha'th
Indians were armed with long lances. A nutriber of
them were loon drawn together on the beach, and
two jumped into the water endeavouring to gain
the lio;it J but fhe foon left them and fnmc others that
h:id made tlie fame attempt, far enough behind her.
Havingdouhlid the point v. here they intended to land,
they o|>ened a large bay, and faw another party of the
natives (landing at thecndof it, armed like thofe v/hom
thty had Iccn before. Preparations were then made
for landinir, on which a canoe full of Indians came off
tovvaids llum. Obferving this, Tupia received
outers tu acquaint them that the Englifh did not in-
t' nd to I'fTer them violence, but meant to traffic with
them fur nails, which were produced. Thus informed
they came ah.iig-fidc the boat, and took fome nails
tliat wi re i;ivtn them, being feemingly well pleafcd
with the prefciit. Vet a few minutes after, feveial
of lliefe people bo.rded the boat, defigning to drag her
oiifhorci but (<3me mufquets being difchargcd over
7

their heads they leaped Into thefea, and having reacll-
ed the canoe, put back with all polfible expeditions
joining their countrymen who ftood ready to receive
them. The boat immediately purfued the fugitives^
but the crew finding the furf extremely violent, did
not venture to land there, but coaftcd along ihorc ta
try if they could not find a more convenient place.
Soon after the canoe got on (hore, a man oppo-
fitc the boat flourifhed his weapon, calling out at
the fame time with a (hrill voice, which was a nuurk
of defiance, as Tupia explained it to the Engli(h.-~
Not being able to find a proper landing-place they re-
turned, with an intention to attempt it where the
canoe went on (hore j whereupon another warrior re-
peated the defiance : his a|>pcarancc was more formi-
dable than that of the other ; he had a high cap oa
made of the tail feathers of a bird, and his body was
painted with various colours. When he thought lie ta
retire, a grave man came forward, who a(ked I'upiat
feveral queflions, relating to the place from whence
the vefTel came. Who were the perfons on board }
Whither they were bound ? tic. After this, it was
propofe-d that the people in the boat Ihould go on (hom
and trade with them if they would lay ulide their
weapons ( but the latter would not agree to this, un->
lefi. the Englifh would do the like. As this propofat
was by no means an equal one, when it was confidcr-
ed that the hazard mull for many rcafons be gre.tter
to the boat's crew than the Indians, and as perfidjr
was dreaded, it was not complied with. Befides, fince-
neither the bay which the Endeavour entered, nor
any other part of the ifland furnifhed good har-
bour or anchorage, it was refblved not to attempt
landing any more, but to fail from hence to the
fouthward. Of the people of the ifland we have the
following account.

" The natives are very tall, well proportioned^
and have long hair, which, like the inhabitants of
the other iflands, they tie iv a bunch on the top of
their heads, they are likewife tataowed in different
parts of their bodies, but not on their pnfleriors. The
ifle does not (hoot up into high peaks like the othen
that they vifited, but is more level and uniform, and
divided into fmall hillocks, fome of which are covered
with groves of trees. However, none of thofe bear-
ing the bread fruit were feen, and not many cocoa-
trees, but a great number of thofe called Etoa, were
feen on the fca coad of this ifland. Both the nature
of their cloth, and their manner of wearing it diA'ercd
in many rcfpe<5ls from what had been obferved in the
progrcfs of our voyagers. All the garments that thefe
people wore, were died yellow, and painted with «
variety of colours on the out(ide. One piece formed
their whole habit, having a hole in it through which
they put their heads. 7'his reached as far as their
knees, and was tied clofe round their bodies with a
kind of yellow i(h fa(h. Some of them alfo wore caps
of the fame kind, as we have already mentioned, and
others bound round their heads a piece of cloth which
refrmbled a turban."

The Endeavour failed from this ifland on the 15th
of Augufl, with a fine breeze ) but on the 16th it
was hazy, and they bore away for what refemblcd
feveral high peaks of land, but the weather clearing
up, they were convinced of their midakc, and refumcd
their courfe accordingly. They faw a comet on the
30th, about four o'clock, which was then about 6o' '
above the horizon. Land was difcovered at wed by
north, on Thurfday the 7th of 0<Slober, and in the
morning of the 8th they came to an anchor oppofite
the mouth of a fmall river, not above half a league
from the coad.

Captain Cook, Mr. Banks, Dr. Solander, and
fome other gentlemen, having left the pinnace at the
mouth of the river, proceeded a little farther up,
when they landed, leaving the yawl to the care of
fome of their boys, and went up to a few fmall liuufcs
in the neighbourhood. Some of the natives that had
concealed thcmfelves in the neighbourhood took ad-
vantage of their abfence from the boat, and rufhcd

out

Captain cook.

out, advancing towards !t, and brandifliing ilieir long
wooden lances. On this, the boys dropped down the
ftream, but the favagcs purfucd them clofclyi The
cockfwain of the pinnace then fired a mufquctoon
over their heads, but it did not prevent them from
following till they were near enough to dilcharge
their lances, in cunfequuncc of which he levelled his
piece and fhot one of them dead upon the fpot. They
remained for a fliort time motionlefs with aftonilh-
ment, but retreated precipitately as foon as they had
recovered from their fright. In the mean while thofe
in the pinnace and yawl being alarmed at the report
of the piece, made haftc to return to the vcflel.

The Captain, Mr. Ranks, and feveral gentlemen
went on (horc, with Tupia, on the Monday follow-
ing, and a proper party, on that fide of the river
which was oppofite to a fpot where fome Indians
were fcated on the ground. Thefe latter immediately
ftarted up, and began to handle their weapons ; but
Tupia fpcaking to them, the gentlemen were agree-
ably furprifed to find that he was underftood by them,
as they fpoke his language, though in a different dia-
lect. It appeared at firft, that they had hoftile inten-
tions, whereupon it was thought proper to fire a
mufquet at fome diftance from them. The ball fVruck
the water ; and the eff°c£l which it had was vifible, in
deterring them from farther menacing the Englifli
Afterwards the captain, with fome of the gentlemen
and Tupia in their company, the mariners being
previoully drawn up, advanced nearer to the river's
fide. Tnis friendly Indian fpoke again to them, and
told them that the Englifli wanted only to trade ; to
which they readily confented ; but the gentlemen
would not crofs the river unlefs the natives would lay
afide their weapons, which they could not by any
means be prevailed upon to do, and without which
conceflion it was thought improper to crofs the river.
The gentlemen, however, in their turn, intreated
the iflanders to come over; which one of them
confented to. However, they did not fcem to value
the beads and iron with which the Englifli prefented
them, nor would they give any thing in return, but
propofcd to exchange their weapons for thofe belong-
ing to the Englifli, which being confequcntly ob-
jecred to, they endeavoured feveral times to fnatch
them out of their hands, but as the Englifli were
on their guard, from the information given them by
Tupia, that they were ftill enemies, their attempts
to feize their arms were repeatedly fruflrated, and
Tupia, by the diredlions of the gentlemen, gave them
notice, that any further violence would be puniflied
with inftant death. One of them had, neverthelefs,
the audacity to fnatch Mr. Green's hanger, and, re-
tiring a few paces, flouriftied it over his head ; he,
however, paid for this temerity with his life, Mr.
Monkhoufe firing at him with a mufquet loaded with
ball ; and that gentleman afterwards, with fume dif-
ficulty, recovered the hanger, one of the Indians en-
deavouring to feize it.

The behaviour of the natives, added to the want of
frcfl\ water, induced Captain Cook to continue his
courfc round the head of the bay. He was ftill in
hopes of getting fome of the Indians on board, and by
prefents added to civil ufage, toconvey through them a
favourable idea of the Englifli to their fellow country-
men and thereby fettle a good correfjiondence with
them. Soon after an event occurred, though attend-
ed with difagreeable circumftances, that promifed to
facilitate this defign. Two canoes appeared, making
towards land, and Captain Cook propofed intercept-
ing them with boats. One of them got clear off, but
the Indians in the other finding it impoflible to efcajie
the boats, beean to attack them with their paddles ;
this compelled the Endeavour's people to nre upon
them, when four of the Indians were killed, and the
other three, who were youths, jumped into the wa-
ter, and endeavoured to fwim to fliore ; they were,
however, taken up and brought on board. I'hey were
at firft greatly terrified, thinking they fliould be kill-
ed ; but Tupi), by repeated amiranccs of friendship,
Vot. I. N»i7.

removed their (eUs, and they afterwards eat vcty 1 769
heartily of the (hip's provifions. When they retired *■ \ • •*
t({_refl, in the evening, they appeared perfctlly cafy
in their minds, and flept very quietly for fome hour*,
but in the middle of the night their fears returned,
and they apjiearcd in great agitation, frequently ut-
tering loud anddifmal groans. After fumetime,how-
ever, the friendljT'promifes and kind carefl'es of Tu-
pia again prevailed over their fears, and they became
fo calm and refigned as to fing a fong, the tunc of
which was folcmn and (low, and at the dead of the'
night, when an univerfal filence prevailed throughout
the fhip, had an aweful and pleafing cfTeA. The
next morning, after they were drefled and ornamented,
according to the mode of their country, with neck-
laces and bracelets. Captain Cook propufed fetting
them on fhore, that they might give a favourable re-
port to their countrymen of the reception they had
met with. They teftified much fatisfaiStion on being
told they were going to be releafcd, but feemed under
great apprehenlions of danger, at finding the boat
approach Captain Cook's fim landing-place, intimat-
ing, that the inhabitants were their foes, and that they
always killed and eat their enemies. The captain
neverthelefs, judged it expedient to land near the
fame fpot, which he accordinglydid, with Mr. Banks,
Dr. Solander, and Tupia, rcfulving at the fame time
to protect the youths from any injury that might be
offered them, but on feeing two large parties of the
Indians advancing haftily towards them, they return-
ed, and again put themfelves under their protection.
As the Indiansdrew nearer, oneof the boys difcovered
his uncle ainongft them, and a converfation took
place between them acrofs the river, in which the lad
gave a very juft account of the hofpitality he had
met with, and took great pains todifplay their cloaths
and finery. Soon after, the uncle fwam acrofs the
river, bringing with him a green bough, rt-: a token of
friendfliip, which was received as fuch, and Icveril
prefents were made him. The body of the Indian,
who was fliot the day before, lay in the fame place
where he fell ; one of the boys had covered it with
part of his cloaths, and after the gentlemen had re'
tired, the Indian performed a kind of ceremony over it,
by throwing a green bough towards it, and the body
was afterwards carried in a raft acrofs the river. Not'
withftanding the prefence of the uncle of one of the
boys, all three of them, by their own defire, returned
to the (hip, but as the captain intended failing the
next morning, he fent them on (horc in the evening,
though much againft their inclination. The names
of thefe boys were Toahowrangc, Koikerangc, and
Maragovete. They informed Captain Cook that
there was a particular kind of deer upon the illand,
likewife tars, capers, romara, yams, a kind of long
pepper, bald coote, and black-birds.

On the nth. Captain Cook let fail, in hopes of
finding a better anchoring place, after giving this
bay (called by the natives Toaneora) the name of
Povtny Bay, and the fouth-weft point he called Tcuag pMeni-'BtT,
Nick's heady on account of its being firft perceived by '"

a lad on board, named Nicholas Young. They were
becalmed in the afternoon, and feveral canoes came
otF from the (hore with Indians, who received many
prefentSv and afterwards bartered even their cloaths,
and fome of their paddles, fo eager were they of
being poifcfli^d of as many European commodities
as pofltble. A fingle tree formed the bottom of their
canoes, and the upper part confifted of two planks
fewed together; they lat on thwarts, their paddtey
were painted red, reprefenting many uncommon
figures, and very curioufly wrought. They were
armed with bludgeons made of wood, and of the bone
of a large animal : they called them Patit-Pattoi *^^
they wrere well contrived for clofe fighting.

After they had finifhed their traffic, they fet off in
fuch a hurry, that they forgot three of their com-
panions, who reihained on board all night. They
teftified their fears and apprehenfions, notwithfhind-
ing Tupia took grtat pains to convince tbcm they
E e e were

,:<£3<>r'3£ur

•»9*

THE VOYAGE OF

1769

:'; /

were in no danger ; and about feven o'clock the next
morning n cunue came off, with four InUiuns un board.
It was at firll with difficulty the Inilian!> in the ihip
couIJ prevail on thofe in the canoe to come near them,
and it was nut till alter the former liaj uflurcd them
that the Englilhdid not cat men, that they came along
fulc the Enik-avour. The chief came on board, whole^
face was tataowed, with a remarkable patou in hit
hand, and in this canoe the three Indians left the
Clip. Cajxain Cook gave the name of Cafit TaiU
to a point of land about feven leagues to the louth of
Poverty Bay : its li^urc greatly refembling a table, and
the illanJ, called by the natives Tira^tu/rv, he named
Ptrtliind IJianJ, it being very Amilar to that of the
fame name in the Britiln Channel. It is joined to the
main by a chain of rocks near a mile in lencth, partly
above w^ter. There arc fcvcral ihonls, called iham-
bics, about three miles to the north-eatt of Portland,
one of which the Endeavour narrowly cfcaped { there
is, however, a paflage between them with twenty fa
thorn water. Some parts of Portland Ifland, as well
■s the main, were cultivated ; and pumice-ftone in
great quantitieii lying along the fliorc, within the bay^
indicated that there was a volcano in the ifland. Higli
palings upon the ridges of hills were alfo vifible ni
two places, which were judged tobcdcfigned for re-
ligious purpoles.

On the 12th feveral Indians came ofF in a canoe ;
they »eredibligured in arrange manner, danced and
fang, and at times appeared to be peaceably inclined,
but at others to menace hoftilities. Notwithftand-
ing Tupia ftrongly invited them to come on board,
none of them would quit the canoe. Whilft the
Endeavour was getting clear of the Shambles, five
canoes full of Indians camcoF, and feemed to threa-
ten the j>eople on board, by brindifhing their lances,
and other hoftile geftures. A four-pounder, loaded
with grape-fhot, was therefore ordered to be fired,
but not pointed ac them. I'his had the defired cf-
feft, and made them drop a-ilern. Two more ca-
noes came off whillt the Endeavour lay at anchor,
but the Indians on board behaved very peaceably and
quiet, and received feveral prefents, but would not
come on board. 1

On Friday the 13th in the morning, they made for
an inlet, but finding it not (hcltered, they Hood out
again ; and were chaced by a canoe filled with In-
dians, but the Endeavour oiit-failed them. She pur-
fued her courfe round the bay, but did not find an
opening.

The next morning they bad a view of the inland
country: It was mountainous, and covered with
inow in the interior parts, but the land towards the
fea was fiat and uncultivated, and in many places
there were groves of high trees. Nine canoes full of
Indians came from the Ihorc, and.five of them, after
having confulted together, purfued,the lEndeavour,
appaxcntly witba holtile defign. Tupia was defired
to acquaint them thatimmedijitt deftrudiion would en-
fue if they perfcvered in their attempts } but words
bad no influence, and a four-pounder, with graiie-
fitot was fired, to give them fome notion of the arms
sf their opponents. They were terrified at this kind
ef xealbning, and paddled away falkr than they came.
Tupia then hailed the fugitives, and acquainted them
that if they came in a peaceable manner, and left their
arms behind, no annoyance would be offered them ;
one of the canoes fubmittini to the terms, came along-
fide the (hip, and received man)r prefents j but the
Other canoes returning, andperfifting in the fame me-
oacing behaviour, intertupted this friendly inter-
courfe.

The following day, Sunday the ijth, they were
vifite^ by fome fifliing-iboats, the people in which,
conduced Oiemfelvcs in an amicable manner. Though
the fUh which they had on board had been caught fo
long that they were not eatable. Captain Cook pur-
ehafed them merely for the fake of promoting a traf-
fic with the natives. In the afternoon a canoe with
a nundiex of armed Indiana caofic up, and one of them.

who was rcmarakbly cloatlisj, with a black (kin, foiititJ
means to defraud the cipta in of a pitic ot red bai/o
under priitiKo of bartering ihc Ikm he had im for it.
As fooii as he h:'.d got the baize iiiio hi< polllOion, in-
lU'adof giving the (kin in iLtuin, ;ijreeabl<: tn liis bar-
gain, he rollid ihciii up tugcthor, and ordLnd ihc ca-
noe to put oft' from the Ihip, turning a deaf cnr to llu;
lepcatid rcmonltiajice of the captain a;5aiii{l his unjult
bchaviour._ Alter a Ihort time, this canw, Kiijeilier
with the fifliing boats which Iwid put oft" at the lairo
time, came back to the fliip, and trade was again be-
gun. During tliis fecond traffic with the InJi^ms,
one of. them unexpei^tcdly fcizcd Tupia's litile bfy
I'aiyota, and pulling him into his canoe, inllnntly
put oft', and [laddUd away with llic utnioll Ipctd ; fe-
veral nuifquets were immuliattly difchaigcd at the peo-
ple in the canoe, and one of them receiving a wound,
they all let go the boy, who before was held down in
the bottom of the canoe. Taiyota taking the advan-
tage of their conllernation, immediately jumped into
the fca, and fwam back towards the Endeavour; ho
was taken on hoiud without receiving any harm ; but
his (Irenuth was fo much exhauftcd with the weir,ht
of his cloaths, that it was with great difficulty he
reached the fhip. In confcqiience of this attempt to
carry ofi-'Taiyota, Capt. Cook called the caproft'uhicli
it happened, Ctipt Kidnapp/n, lying in latitiu'e 59 deg. p.,,, K'dni
43 iiiin. fouth, and longitude 187" dig. 74 iiirri. weH, pai. ' ***
and is very difiinguifliKblcby the high elitts anil whiii
ri'cks that furruunded it. Tl»e dirtance of this
cape from Portland Illaiid is about 13 leagues,
and it forms the fouth point of a bay which was
denominated Hawkii Bay, in honour of Admiral ,, , , „
Hawkc. Havkc.B.y.

Taiyota, 6n recoycfing from his fright, produced a
fifh, and informed Tupia that he intended to offer it
to his Eatua or God, in gratitude for his happy ef-
cape; this being approved of by the other Indian,
the fifh was caft into the fea. Captain Cook now
pafled by a fmall ifland which was fuppofcd to be in-
habited only by filhermcn, as it feemed to be barren,
aad Bart f/Iitn/J Vfai the name given to it, and to a B>re IfliniL
head-land in latitude 40" 34.' fouth, and longitude
182" 55' weft, becaufc the Endeavour turned, he gave
the name of Capt' Turnnf^airr. It was never ccr- Cjne Turifc
tainly known whether New Zealand was an ifland igiin.
before this veii'el touched there : On this account, the
lords of the admiralty had inftrufted Captain Cook
to fail along the coafts as far as 40 degrees fouth, and
if the land extended farther, to return to the north-
ward again. It was for this rc?fon that the captain
altered his courfe, when he arrived at the cape above-
mentioned : The wind having I ikewife veered about
to lb* fouth, he returned, failing along the ccaft
nearly in his former track. Between this and C.-.pa
Kidnappers Bay, the land is unei]ual, and fon:ewhal
refemblcs our downs and fmall villages, and many in- ,

habitants were obfcrved. The (hip came abreaft of a
pcninfula, in Portland Ifland, n.iincd Tiraiuh, on
Wednefday the 19th. At this time a c=noc with fiva
Indians came up to the vcflcl. There Were two chiefs
among them who came on board, and ftaid all nighr.
One of thcfe was a very comely pcrfon, and had an
open and agreeable countenance. They were ex-
tremely grateful for the prefents which they received,
and difplayed no fmall degree of curiofity. They
would not eat or drink, but the fervants devoured the
vi£luals fet before them with a inoft voracious appe-
tite.

They gave the name of GahU End Fcreland to a re- ^.^1^,^ ^^^
markable head-land, which they pafled on the 19th. FoctlnJ.
'ihree canoes appeared here, and one Indian came on
board to whom they gave fmall piefcnts before he
withdrew.

Several of theft Indians wore pieces of grcen-ftonc
round their necks which were tranfparent, and re-
frmbled an emerald. Thefe hcing examined, ap-
|)eared to be a fpecies of the Nephritic ftonc. Several
pieces of it were procured by Air. Hanks, and it ap-
pearcd that this furniflted tlie illanders with their

principil

CAPtAiN cook.

i^i

n-
lu:
lit

icr
ir.c

iibj
joy
itly
fc-

ItO-

nd.
II ilk
■an-
intt>
i ho
but
!ij;ht
V lie

I't to

hich

J*^?' Cr^r: K'lJnnp-
well, pcIl-
Ahilt
tUis

I was

'■"''■■'' Ha vke'iBiy.

icecl a
iffer it
py ef-
iuliaii>
: now
be in-
parren,
id to a Bire man*

iluile
gave
ccr- Cai't Turrtf

iflanJ »g»'«>"

t,thc

iignr.

Iliad an

\e ex-

bfivcd.

They

Ircd the

appc-

|o a re- cl.le Kn«
: 19th. Foithnl-
hme on
lore he

[i-ftone
tind re-

hcvcraV
[it ap-
their
lincipU

princip.Tl onuments. The form of fomc of their
i'ac( s w:is agreeable, and their nofcs were ratlicr pro-
niiiieiit than Ihit. Their dialed w • ■ -n fo gutiiiral
•s that ol" ihi- others, and they fpo,<e .ik.t the people
of the ifl.^iulof Olaheitc. Haviiiij; .ii.choicd in a hay
about trto leagues to the iiortliwan! 1 1 the forel.iiul,
twoiiuelN t.inc on board heie, and the natives invited
thcni afliDie. 'l"he chiefs received prefents of linen,
but tiny did not feetn to value Ipike-nails lo muehak
the liihahitaivs of the otir-r iHaiids. Tluy were
drcflt;d in jackets, the one ornamented with tufts of
red leather' , the other wilh dog's-Hein. The native!
received Mr. Banks ami Ur. SulanJer couiteouflv on
fhorc ; where they did not appear in numerous bodies.
In the coui fe of their journey 1 ound the bay, freih water
was found. All niiiht they remained vn Ihorc, and
the next day the l)o£lor and Mr. Banks diicovercd
fevcral plants and many beautiful birds, among which
were large pigeons and quails. Maiiy (tages for the
purpofc of drying fi(h were obferved near the place
where the gentlemen landed, and fomc houl'es with
fences were hen. Some dogs were remarked on the
illand, which had pointed cars, and were very iin;'y.
Sweet potatoes, like thofe of North America were
found here j and the cloth-plant grew fpont;'.ncous.
The luiids In the neighbouring valleys were laid out
in regular plantations. In the bay theve is plenty of
crabs, cray-filh, and horfe-m.ickarel, larger than thofo
upon our coalls. The woods were almoil impaflable
on account of the number of fupplc jacks (as they arc
called) which grow there. As to the flat lands, they
were planted witii cocoas, as the hollow parts were
with gourds. The Doftor and Mr. Batiks vifited fe-
vcral of the natives houles, and they met with a very
civil reception. Fifli conlHtuted their principal food
at this time ; and a root of a fort of fern fervcd them
for bread, which, when roaftcd upon a fire, and di
vefted of its bark, was fweet and clammy j in tafte not
difagreecahle, hut iinpleafant from its number of
fibres. Vegetables were, doubtlefs, at other fealons
very plentiful. The women painted their faces red,
which fo far from incrcafing, diminilhed the very lit-
tle beauty they had. The mens faces were not in
general painted, but rubbed over with red ocre from
head to foot, their apparel not excepted. Though
they coulij not be compared to the inhabitants of Ota-
heite for cleanlincfs in general, they furpafl'ed them in
this refpeiA in fume particulars. Every dwelling was
fupplied with a privy, and they had dunghills for dc'
pofiting dirt and nlth. The women wore a girdle
made of the blade of grafs under a petticoat, and to
this girdle was tied in front a bunch of fragrant leaves.
They feeined to hold chaftity but in little eliimation,
many of the young females reforting to the watering-
place where they oountifully bellowed every favour
that was requeftcd. One of the officers on fliore,
meeting with an elderly woman, he accompanied her
to her hcufc, and having prefented her with fome cloth
and beads, a young girl v/.is Tingled out, and he was
given to unuerftand he might retire with her. Soon
after, an elderly man with two women, came in as vi-
iitors, and with much formality falutcd all the com-
pany, according to the cuftom of the place, which
is by gently joining the tips of their nofes together.
The officer, on his return, was furniflied with a guide,
who led him a much better road than that he had came,
and whenever they came to a brook or rivulet, the In-
dian took him upon his bacic to prefcrve him from be-
ing wet; fevcral of the inhabitants were curioufly ta

axe made ot the grcen-ftone, already mentioned, which
could not be purchafed, though many things were of-
fered in exchange. At night they danced in a very
uncouth manner, making antic gefturcs, lolling out
their tongues, with other Arange grimaces i and in
thefe dances old men with grey beards, as well as the
young ones, were capital pcrtormcrs. They carried
their civility fo far, as to aflift Mr. Banks and his
cumpojiy with oue of their canoes to carry them on

taowcd, and one old man in particular, was marked
on the bread with various figures. 'I'here was an

board, but the Kn<Ieavour's [vople bcinr; liiip.oqvuiir,'. d
with ihe method of IK-cring Inch a vellel, Ihe u.w
overlil, but no one was iliowned j and they reached
the lliip without any farther nccidi tit, U'tv.c of the
Indians having voluntarily engnjad t') ceiielutMlcr.
DuriiiLthc Itay of the gciillcmen on fliore, many of
the natives went out in their canoes, ;.nd trafficked with
the ftiip's company, preferring at firll the cloth of
Otalieite to that of Lurope ) but it foun dimiiiiflied in
its value. Several of the Indians went on board,
and teftllicd their curiofity and furprife with regard to
the different parts of the (hip. ,

On Sunday the zzd, in thecvening, they failc3 from
this bay, which by the natives is called Tegadoo«
anil lies in latitude 38" lo'fouth. The wind being
contrary, they put inti> another bav a little to the
foulh, calle-d by the natives Toltaga in order to com-
plete their wood and water, and extend their corrc-
i'pondenec with the natives : in this bay they came to
an anchor in about feven fathom water, with a pood
laiidy bottom. Several canoes r.ppcarcd wi'.h Indiana
on board, and they trafficked very fairly for glal's
bottles and cloth. 'J'hc captain, Mr. Banks, and
the IJoclor went in the afternoon to examine the wa-
ter, and found it extremely good ; here was allbplent/
of wocxi, and the natives behaved with as much ci-
vility as thole they had juft departed from.

On the 24th, Mr. Gore and the marines were fent
on ihorc, to j^uard the people employed in cutting
wood and filling water, Cajitain Cooic, Mr. Banks
and the Doilor alio went on fliore ; the two latter
employed themfclvcs in collefliiig plants. In their
route they found in the vales many houfes uninhabited,
the natives refiding chiefly in flight llicds on the ridges
of the hills, which arc very ftecp. In a v.dlcy be-
tween two very high hills they faw a curious roclr,
that< formed a large arch, oppofitc to the lea: this
cavity was in length above fevcnty feet, in breadth
39, and near 50 in heighth ; it commanded a view
of the hill and the bay, which had a very happy cf-
feft. Indeed, the whole country about the bay being
agreeable beyond defcription, if properly cultivated
would be a moft fertile fpot. The hills are covered
with beautiful flowering (hrubs, intermixed wilh a
number of tall and ft.itely palms, which perfume the
air, and make it moft agreeably odoriferous. Mr.
Banks and the Dodlor found the ticc that produces
the cabbage, which, when boileJjswas very good ;
and fome other trees that yielded a fine traiifparenc
gum. Between the hills were fruitful vallcfs that
might have been fucccfsfully cultivated or turned into
paAuragc. Various kyids of edible herbage, were
met with in great abundance ; and there was reafon to
believe there were many trees that pioduccd fuiit fit
to eat, fome of which the gentlemen examined. The
plant from which the cloth is m.ide, is a kind of Hc-
merocallis, the leaves of which alFord a (lron'_t glolfy
flax,equally adapted tocloathing, and makingt.f ropcp.
There are fweet potatoes anil young plantains near
their houfes, which arc carefully cultivated. Thcfc
gentlemen, on their return, met an old man who enter-
tained them with the military exercifes of the native?,
which were performed wilh the Ptilia-Paloo, and the
lance. The former has already been mentioticd, and
is ufcd as a battle-axe, the latter is i8 or 20 feet in
length, made of extreme hard wood, and fharper.ed at
each end. A ftake was fublHtuted for their old w ar-
rior's fuppofed enemy i he firft attacked him with his
lance, when, having pierced him, the patoo-patoo w.-.s
ufed to dcmoliOi his head, and the force with which
he ftruck, would at one blow have fplit any man's
fcull. This mode of fighting induced the gentltm.n
to believe no quarter was ever given here in war.
The natives in this part are not very numerous, ihcy
ate tolerably well-lhaped, but lean and tall, their
faces reiemble thofe of the Europeans, their nofes are
aquiline, their eyes dark coloured, their hair is black,
which is tied up on the top of their heads, and their
beards are of a moderate length, their tataowing it
done yery curioufly in various figurcj, which make*
6 their

l-'iJ

196

-THE VOYAGE Of

tSeir (kin refcmb)e carving i it is confined to the prin
cipal men, the females and fervants ufing only red
paint, with which they daub their faces, that other-
Wife would not be difagrceable. Their cloth is
White, glofly, and very even, it is worn principally
bythemcn, though it ii wrought by the women, who,
indeed, are condemned to all drudgery and labour.

On the 25th, the armourer's forge was fct up on
fliore fur ncceflary ufes. Mr. Banks and Dr. So-
lander went again in fearch of plants, Tupia, who
was with them, engaged in a converfation with one
of the priefts, and they feemed to agree in their
opinions upon the fubjcCt of religion. I'upia, in the
courfe of this conference, cnquirni whether the report
of their eating men was founded in truth, to which
the prieft anfwcrcd it was, but that they ate none but
declared foes, after they were killed in war. This
idea fo favaee and barbarous, proved, however, that
they carried their refentment even beyond death.
Captain Cook and Dr. Solander went on the 27th to
infpe^t the hay, when the doAor was not a little fnr-
prifed to find the natives in the pofleflion of a boy's
top, which they knew how to fpin by whipping it,
and he purchafcd it out of curiofity. Mr. Banks was
during this time employed in attaining the tummit of
a deep hill, that had previoufly engaeed their atten-
tion, and near it he found many mnabited houfcs.
There were two rows of poles about fourteen or fif-
teen feet high, covered over with fticks, which made
an avenue of about five feet in width, extending near
a hundred yards down the hill, in an irregular line:
the intent of this erection was not difcovered. When
the gentlemen met at the watering place, the Indians,
fang their war fong, which was a ftrange medley of
Ihouting, fighing, and grimace, at which the women
affifted. The next day Captain Cook and the other
gentlemen went upon the ifland at the entrance of
the bay, and met with a canoe that was 67 feet in
length, fix in breadth, and four in height ; her bot-
tom, which was (harp, confifted of three trunks of
tree'!, and the fides and head were curioufly carved.
I'here was a large unfinifhed houfe upon this
ifland, the pofts which fupported it were ornamented
with carvings, that did not appear to be done upon
the fpot, and as the inhabitants fecm to fet great va-
lue upon works of this kind, future navigators might
find their advantage in carrying fuch articles to trade
with. Though the pofts of this houfe were judged
to be brought here, the people feemed to have a tafte
for carving, as their boats, paddles, and tops of walk-
ing (licks evince. Their favourite figure is a volute
or fpiral, which is fometimes fingle, double, and
triple, and is done with great exa£lne(s, though (he
only inftrumenti the gentlemen faw were an axe
made of ftone, and a chilTel. Their tafte, however,
was extremely whimfical and extravagant, fcarcely
ever imitating nature. Their huts are built under
trees, their form is an oblong I'quare : the door
low on the fide^ and the window* are at the ends ;
reeds covered with thatch corapofe the walls, the
beams of the eare«i which come to the ground are
covered with thatch 1 rood of thehoufes the gentle-
men faw had been deferted, through fear of the £ng-
li(h, upon their landing. There are many beautiAil
parrots, and great numbers of birds of different kinds,
particularly one whofe note refemblet the European
black-bird ; but here is no ground fowl or poultry,
nor were there any quadru pedes, except rats and dogs,
and thcfe were not numerous. The dogs are con-
fidercd as delicate food, and their (kins ferve for or-
n.iment8 to their apparel. There is a great variety
of fi(h in the bay, fhell and cray fifli are very plen-
tiful, fome of the latter weigh near a dozen pounds.

Sinday, OAober 19, they fet fail from this bav,
which was called by the natives Ttlaga, It is fituate in
latitude 38' 22' fouth, four leagues to the north of
Gable-End Foreland ; there are two high rocks at the
entrance of the bay, which form a cove very good for
procuring wood and water. There is a high rocky
i/lajid ofi' the north point of the bay, which atTords [

good anchorage, having a fine fumly bntforti, .ind frcm
lirven fo thirteen fathom water, and' is liltewiic (hclta-
ed from all but the nurth-ealt wind.

Captain Cook obtained nnthine here in trade but
fome fwcet potatoes, and a little Sft\. 'lliis is a very
hilly country, though it prefcnts the eye v\ itii an ■ijft:a-
able verdure, various w(Kids and many finall planta-
tions. Mr. Banks found a gnat iminber of trees
in the woods, quite unknown to European''-, the tire
wood rcfeinblcd the maplc-trce, ami nroduced a gum
of whitifli colour { other trees yielded a gum of a
deep yellow green. The only roots they met wItU
Were yams and fwect potatncs, though the f 11 ap.
pears \ny proper for producing every fpecies of ve-
getables.

Sailing to the northward, they fell in with a fmall
idand about a mile diftant from the north-eaft point
of the main, and this being the mod eaftern part uf
it, the captain named it tajt Capr, and the iOand EoJI Eafl-IHud.
IJlmJ, it was but fmall, and appeared barren. The
cape is in latitude, 37° 42' 30' fouth. 'I'here are
miiny fmall bays from Tolaga Hay to F;aft Cape.
When the Endeavour had doubled the cape, many vil-
lages prefented thcmfelves to view, and the adjacent
land appeared cultivated. In the evening of the 30th,
Lieutenant Hicks difcovered a bay to which his name
was given. Next morning, about nine, feveral ca-
noes came off from (bore with a number of armed men,
who appeared to h.ive hoftile intentions. Before thefe
had reached the fhip, another canoe, larger than an/
that had yet been feen, full of armed Indians, came
o(F, and made towards the Endeavour with great
expedition. The ciptain now judjring It expedient
to prevent, if pofTible, their attackingjiim, ordered
a gun to be fired over their heads. This not pro- .
ducing the defired elTeA, another gun was fired with
ball, which threw them into fuch confternation that
they immediately returned much faftcr than they
came. This precipitate retreat, induced the captain
to give the cape, oft' which it happened, the name
of Copt Runaway ; it lies in latitude 37° 32' fouth,
and longitude 181° 4^ weft.

At day-break the next morning between ^o and
50 canoes were feen, feveral of which came oft as be-
fore, threatening to attack the Engli(h. There was
one of their chiefs who flourifticd his pike, and made
feveral harangues, feeming to bid defiance to thofe on
board the veflcl. At laft, after repeated invitations,
they came clofi: along-fide ; but inllead of (hewing a
difpofition to trade, the haranguing chief uttered a
fentence, and took up a ftone which lie threw againft
the (hip, and immediatclyafter they feized their arms.
They were informed by Tupia, ot the dreadful ton-
fequences of commencing hoftitities ; but this admo-
nition they (ecined little to regard. A piece of cloth,
however, happening to attraft their eyes, they began
to be more mild and reafonable. A quantity of cray
fi(h, mufcles, and conger celt was now purchafed by
the gentlemen. No fraud was attempted by this
company of Indians, but fome others that came after
them, took goods from the velTel without makin?
proper returns. As one of them that had rendered
himlelf remarkable for thefe pra(Slices, and feemed
proud of his (kill in them, was putting off with his
canoe, a mufquet was fired over his head, which cir-
cumftadce produced good order for the prefent. Yet
when thefe favages began to traffic with the failors,
they renewed their frauds ; and one of them was bold '
enough to feizc fome linen that was hung to dr'', and
run away with it. In order to induce him to return,
a mufquet was firft fired over his head, but this not
anfwerine the end, he was (hot in the back with fmall
(hot, yet he ftill perfevered in his dclign. This being
perceived by his countrymen, they dropped a-ftern,
and fet up the fong of defiance. In confcquence of
their behaviour, though they made no preparations
to attack the veflisl, the captain gave orders to fire a
four pounder, which paffed over them ; but its ef-
kt\ on the water terrified them fo much, that they re-
treated with precipitation to the (hure.

A high

CAPTAIN cook;.

197

Altlcnncn.

A high iAand was (ben to the wcftward in the
aftcrnuun, and other rocks and ifliinds appenviiig in
the fame quarter, the (hip not being able to weather
4hcm before night-tall, bore up between them and
the main land. In the evening a double canue, built
after the fame falliion as thufuof Otaheitc, came up,
when Tupia entered into a friendly converfation with
, them, and was told that the ifland, clofe to whitli the

iUtowtoheka. Endeavour lay, was called .I/i)u//9/>«riii itwasbutafew
miles from the main land, pretty high, but of no
great extent. Whenit was dark, thele Indians began
their ufual falute, pouired a volley of Rones into the
(hip, and then retreated, A high round mountain
was feen S. W. by W. of Mowtohera, which was
called Mount Edgccumbc by Captain Cook. Many
of the Indian canoes appeared the next morning, ami
one which appeared to be the fame that had given the
I'alutc the prececding night, came up. 1 hey oricc
more entered into a peaceable convcrfation with Tu-
jpia, which lafted about ah ^our, but afterwards dif-
charged another volley of (loncs at th': Endeavour i
in confcqiience of which infult, a mufquct was fired,
and they took to their paddles with precipitation.

The (hip failed in the afternoon of the fame day,
between a low flat ifland and the main. The villages
on the latter were more cxtcnfivc than any that they
had yet dilcovercd. "^liey we're upori the high land
next the fea, and were furiouiulcd by a ditch aiid a
liank with rails on the top of it. .Some of the inclo-
furcs here rcfembled a ruJu fort of fortiRcation, and
^ the whole had the apjicarancc of a number of places

Ti'.„?"" "' calculated for defence. The name oCThtCourt of Al-
dtrmtn was givcii, on the 3d, to feveral fmall iflands
that lay in the neighbourhood, being diftant about
twelve miles from the maih; between which were
many other high iflands which were mofliy barren,
as indeed the main land here appeared to be ; and the
Whole fcemed but thinly inhabited. Teriitu was the
jiamc of the chief that governed the di(iri£t from Cape
Turn-again to this coaft.

Three canoes built difFei'cntly from thofc aboVe-
mentioncd came along-fide the Englilh vcfl'cl on Fri-
day. They were formed of the trunks of whole trees,
rendered hollow by burning, which were not orna-
mented or carved at all. The people on board were
of a darker complexion than the others ; they were
hoftile, and their manner of defiance was much the
fame as that of the other Indians already defcribcd.
Captain Cook failed afterwards towards art inlet,
that had been difcovered, and anchoriiig in fcveri fa-
thoms water, the (hip was fUrroiinded (bon after by a
number of canoes, the crews of which did not feem
difpofed to commit any a£l of hoftility. A bird being
(hot by one of the £ngli(h, the Indians, without (hew-
ing any furprife brought it on board, and were reward-
ed with a piece of cloth for their pains. It might be
imagined that this circumftance would have tended to
conciliate the afFeftions of thofe people \ but it hap-
pened otherwife: as fooh as it was dark, they fang one
of their fongs of defiance, and endeavoured to carry
f)fr the buoy of the anchor. Though fome mufqucts
were fired at them u]>on this occafion, they feemcd
rather to be irritated than frightened, and threatened
to return in grc.iter numbers, the next morning. In-
dead of this, they came tack about eleven t)n the
Sunday night, but retired when tliey fouhd that the
(hip's crew were upon their guard.

A great number of canoes came off, on the 4th in
the morning, on board of which were near 200 men,
armed with lances, fpcars, and ftohcs, who fcemed
determined to attack the (hip and would have boarded
her, had they known on what quarter they coilld beft
make their attack.

While the croiv wcri; watching their motions in
the rain, Tupia took all pofllbic pains to di(ruade the
Indians from attempting anv thing againft the Ehg-
!i(h i but his arguments had not (o good an efTeA as
thofe that came from the mouths of the mufquets,
which frightened them cfTeftually, and induced them
to begin tr.iding again; yet they could not leave off
Vol. I. N' 18.

their fraudulent praiHlcos. TIjcv fold twc> ot I'wir
we.ipiMisj but a third, fur ul.l.li iluy h.id r(io,\i.d
cloth, they wjuld not dili\tj, aiidnily l.iu^Iitd ;it.
thofe who demanded ,ii\ iqiii. alcnt The ull". 11 Jer w;is
wounded ; but his eountiyni.n <!iil not fteni difp A<.\
to take notice of him j .uii! .iiiotli. r ciuioc w.is hit \' iili
(hot, the natives behavin;4 iii ihi f.inie nunjicr. 'l"lu-
people paddled away whilll a round lliut ua.-. fiteu 0H.1
them.

Searching for an anchoring place, the capt.un i'.iw
a fortified village on a high point near the hc;'.d of
the b.iy, and c:inie to un anchor when lie liad louml 1
village fortilied like thofe already iiotlccil. Some In-
dians came iil^' who hehaved better than ihofe ih it
had been on board before. An old man in partieul.ir.
whofe name was Tojiiva, tame with another Indian
to whom the captain prefcnted fome nails. Being in-
formed that thetnj»tifh h.ulno illdcfigns; tlil< man faid
they were often vinted by freebooters, from the north,
who (tripped them of all they could lay their hands
on, and often made captives of their children and
wives; and that being ignorant who the Knglilli were
upon their ftrft arrival, the nativohad taken (he alarm
upon the (hip's appearing off the coall, but were now
fatisfiedof thiir good intent. He added. That to I'ecuie
themfelves from thefe plunderers, their boiiles were
built contiguous to the tops of rocks, where they
were more able to defend themfelves. Probably thiir
poverty ahd mifcry may be afcribed to the ravages oF
this banditti, who often ftript them of every neci ll'ary
of life. Whilft they were hfliing for mullets in thp
b.iy, the Indians who came upon the banks ttflified
their friendfhip by every pofTible means, and ga\e
them an invitation tocomc on (liore. The afTurances
of friendfhip, which they had received from the gen-
tlemen on board, feemcd to have a proper influence
upon the natives, who were now very tractable aiul
fubmiflivc, and behaved with miich civility to thu
people in the lohg-boat, which was again difpatched
iiuo the bay to f|ini but with little fuccefs : the In-
dians, however, brought great quantities of fi(h drefs-
cd and dried ; and though they were indifferent, they
were purchated, that trade might not be difciuraged.
In a word, the natives treated the Englilli with great
hofpitality, fupplied them with wood and good vsater,
and the (hip l>eingvery foul-keeled, Icrublicd her bot-
tom in the b.iy. i

On the 8th of November they were vifited by feveral
canoes, in one of which was Tojava, who perceiving
two ftrange canoes paddling from the oppofite (horc,
fuddenly turned about arid acquainted the captain that
he was under apprehenfions the people in them were
freebooters, but foon found his mi(takc, and returned
to the (Kip. The Indians fupplied the (hip's crew
with as much excellent fi(h, refembling mackarel, as
was fuificient for all their dinners, for which they
gave tiiem fome pieces of cloth. A great variety of
plants was this day colIc(fted by Mr. fianks and Dr.
Solander, who hail never bbferved any of the kind
before. Thefe geiitlemeh remaiiied on (horetill near
dark, when they obfervcd the manners of the natives
difpofing of themfelves during the night; They lay
under fome bufhes ; the men ncarcft the fea in a Icmi-
circular form, and the women ahd children moft dif-
t-iht from it : their arihs wei-e plated againft trees, \'cry
near tljcm to defend themfelves in cafe of a furprife
frorh the freebooters. They h.id no king whofe fu-
vereignty they acknowledged, which was a circum-
ftance unparallelled on any other parts of the toafl. I

Early in the morning of the 19th feveral 'ranoes
brought a prodigious quantity of mackarel, one fort of
which was no way different from the mackarel caught
on our coaft. Thefe canoes were fucceeded by many
others, equally loaded with the fame fort of fi(h j and
the cargoes purchafcd were fo great, that when faltcd,
they might be confidered as a nxmth's provifion fov
the whole (hip's company. This being a very clear
day, the aflronomer (Mr. Green) and tlie other gen-
tlemen landed to obfervc the tranfit of Mercury, and
whilft the obfervation was making, a large canoe, with
Fff various

J700

ligh

" .'-,.'*

to!<

THE VOYACK ok

iy('q v.ir.oii. coniiiu'JItits on honn!, camo aKiii(;-fiJi- tin-
v—,-^ ihi\< , .iiul Mr. (iiTc, the i>trucr who h.d thin t lie
minm.im', IkIm,; lUrioiu o( ciuour.i;:iii;; ihiiii to
tr.'ir.f, puiilm^il .1 piece uf (>t.ihi'iti-.iii clui'i, nf more
\,iliie ih.iii any thev h il jYt (ieii, whieh was inimrdi-
■tlilv fi'i/id hv "UC i>t' llie liiJ:;ui«, who obftinatcly
fclulcil either to return it, «ir j.'ixe .iiiy thin^; in ex-
rhan;;e : he )\M tkiuly howc\er tor his teineriiy,
liiiii.ijfhut ileail nil th.- Ipot. 'I'heik'ath !■! thi*. )'iuii^
liiJiaii alarm' li .ill the relf ; they fled with ^rcat pre-
cipitancv, and, for the prelent, could not be i'lduced to
ri new their tr.iflicit « ith the Knglilh. Hut when the
liidiunk on th'-te had h^ard the partivulars related hy
'I'c'ina, vho .'teatly condemned the eonduitt of the
ilccialed, thiv leenu.1 to think that lie h.id merited his
fale. Ill- ii.inir proved to be Otirreeonooc. This
ti.inlailion hipp^'iud, as has liecn nientinnrd, whilll
tlie iililri v.itiiui n as niakini^ of the traiilit of Mercury,
wIkii the u e.ither was fo lavouraMe, that the whole
ti inlit was lieucd, wiihoiit a cloud intervening.
Afr. (ireen niide the obfenatioii of in^refs, whilft
Captain Cook was cn:;a;^cd in nfccrtaining the time
b; t.ikini; ihc fuji's altitude. 'I"h- trnnfit commenced
fruii hours, io niin. 58 fee. Uy Mr. CJrecn's ob-
leivaiion the internal contaii^ w.r at 12 h^urs, ei^iht
inin. 57 lee the extendi at i ihovirs nine ir.iii. 54 lee.
thv ! itifude p de^. ^H niin. h\c Ice. In to.'ircquencc
o( tlii~ obi, nati.iii liaviiii; been made h;. re, this bay
Miuuiy B.iy. Was called Mruwy Jluy.

On the loih, Mr. Hanks, Dr. Solander, ami the
captain went in boats toinfpeita lar^e river that runs
liiio the bav. 1 hey found it broader fomc miles
within than .it the mouth, and iiitcrfeded int.7 .i num-
ber of Iheams, by leveral fmall illands, which were
covered with trees. On the eaft fide of the river tlie
gentlemen Ihot foilic fliajjs, which proved very (\ood
fating. The ftiore abounded with fifti of various
kiii.ls, fuch KS cockles, clams, aiidoyftcrs; and here
Wire alio duckF, (haj;s, and curlieus, with other
wild fowl in great plenty. — At the mouth of the
river there was good anchorage in five fathom water.
'IhegcnilLnicii were received with great hofpitalitv by
the inhabita:its of a little village on the laft tide of' the
riier. There are thire the remains of a fort called
Fpp.ih, on a |)cni:iljla that prcjei3s into the river,
iiiiJ it was talcwUiied for defending .1 fmall number
a^.iiiill a greater force. From the remains, it neverthc-
Jefs Itemed to have been taken and partly deftroyed.

The Indians fup before fun-fet, when they cat fi(h
and birds baked or roaHed i they roafl them upon a
flick, ftuck in fh.- groiipd near the fire, and bake
them in the nuinner tli-- dog was baked, which the
gentlemen cat at St. George's IlUnd. A female
mourner was prefeiit at one of their (uppers ; ftic ».ns
fcnted upon the g'oun.d, and wept incetl'antly, at the
fame time n.piating fome fentcnccs in a doleful man-
ner, hut wliicli Tupia could not explain ; at the ter-
mination of each period fhe cut herfelf with a Ihell
upon her bie.ift^ her handsj or her face j notwith-
ftandlni; this Moody fpeiftaclc greatly affcftcd the gen-
tlemen "pivl'ent, yet all the Indians m-ho fat by her,
except cue) were quite unmoved. I'he gentleitieti
law lorn.', who from the depth of their fears mull,
upon thefe occafioiis, have Wounded themfclvcs more
violentlv:

On November the i ith great plenty of oyftcrs were
procured from a bed which had been ilifcovcrcJ, and
they proved exceedingly good. Next day the fliip
i\'as vifited bv two canoes, with unknown Indians ;
after foiiie invitation they cnme on board, and they
all trafficked without any fraud.

'f'v.-o foriitied villages being defertcd, the Captain,
with Mr. HankS( and Dr. Solander, went to examine
thi ni; The linalleft was romantic^iUy (itiiated upon a
f ;ik, whie'l Was arched; this village did not confill
l)f a'l .ve live or fix houfes, fenced round, 'fhert
washutoile patli^ which was very narrow, that eon-
liu^teJ to it; The gentlemen weft invited by the in-
ha'iitaius !(• jiay them a vifitj but not having time to
ff''.lrcj to'lt another roiitcj after having made ptcfents
1

to the females. A 'nil ;' ft' n-rn v\OTCn ^rdiK" '.m
now approached the geniLmen i thereprii\ed in U-
the inhabitants of another town, which they pro,.. l.<i
viliting. They gave many telUnionies of their liieiiilly
dil'pnfitiom i among otiicrs they uttered the «nrd
lleiomai, which according to 'I'upi.i's iiit'^rpretat.un,
implied peace, and appeared much fatishid, « lien in-
formed the gentlemen iiitciulid viliting tluir habita-
tions. Their town was named Wharnetouwa. It i«
feati'd on a point of land ivcr the fea, on the north
fide of the bay i it was paled round, and del'iinlid by •»
double ditch. Within the ditch a Hagc isercftid for
defending the pl.ice in cafe of an attack ; near tliis
(lagc, t]uantities of darts and (tones arc depolitiJ
that they may always be in readinefs to repel the afi
failants. There i. another fiage tu command the path
that leads to the town -, and there were fome out*
works. The place Teemed calculated to hold out a
conlidcrablc time againll an enemy armed with no
other weapons than thofe of the Indians. It appeared
howcvcrdcficient in water for holding out a fiegc. In-
stead of bread, they ate fern root, which was here in
great plenty, with dried filh. Very little of the land
was cultivated, and fwect potatoes and yams were
the only vegetables to be found, 'I'h-reaie two rocks
near the fort of this fortiticntion, both feparatcd from
the main land ; they are very fmall, neverthelefs thtf
are not without dwelllng-houfes and little fortifica-
ti.nns. In their engagements tlwy throw (tones with
their hands, being deititute of a fling, and thofe and
lances are their only iniflible weapons j they have, be-
fidcs the patoo-patoo, already defcribed, a flaffattouC
five feet in length, and another (hortcr. The Eng-
lifh failed from this bay, after having taken polleflinn
of it in the name of the king of Great Britain, on
the isth of November. Tojava, who vifited them iti
his canoe juft before their departure, faid he ftiould
prepare to retire to his fott as foon as the Knglini
were gone, as tlic relations of Otirreonooe had
threatened to t.ike his life, as a forfeit for that of the
dceeafed. 'T'ojava being judged partial in this aftitir to
the Lnjiifli,

A number of idands of different fiics appeared to-
wards the north-weft, which were named Mertury ^ftreuirv
Ifafitit, Mercury Bay lies in latitude 36''47' fouth ; |,|,„j,/'
longitude 184" 4' welt, and has a fmall entrance at its
mouth. On account of the number of oyftets found
in the river, the Captain gave it the name of ()Ji.rO\Rtt River.
Rivtr : Alangrovt River (which the captain fo calleil M.rgroTe
from the great number of thofe trees that grew near Kivir.
it) is the moft fecure place for fllipping, being at the
head of the bay. 1 he north-weil (ide of this bay
and river appeared much more fertile than the caft
fide. The inhabitants, though numerous, have no
plantations; Their canoes arc very indifferently con-
ftruiTted, and arc not ornamented at all. Tliey lie
under continual apprehenfions of Terratu, being con-
fidered by him as rebels. Shore iron fand is to be
found in plenty on this coaft, which proves that there
.are mines of metal up the country^ it being brought
down from thence by a rivulet.

In the morning of the i8th, the Endeavour Iteercd
lx-t»cen the main, and an iHand which feemed very
fertile, and as extcnfive as Ulietca. Several canoes
filled with Indians, came along-fide here, and the
Indians fang their war fong, but the Endeavour's
people paying them no attention, tlicy threw a volley
of (tones, and then paddled away ; however they prc-
fently returned their infults. Tupia fpoke to theiii,
making ufe of his old argument, that inevitable de-
(IruiSion would cnfue if they perfiftcd j they an-
fwered by brandifhinir their weapons, intimating, that
if the Englifh uurftcomeon thorc, they would de-
ftroy them al!. Tupia (till continued in expollulating
with them, but to no piirpole ; and th'-y foon gave
another volley of (tones ; but upon a mufquct being
fired at one of their boats, they made a precipitate
retreat. Captain Cook caft anchor in 23 fathom wa-
ter in the evening, and early the next morning lii.'
failed up ao inlet. Soon after two canoes came oil,

and

'•^IwtMy. r'i<«' W Wr "'*^

'•^--^T,,;-

CAPTAIN COOK.

1 .r)

and fomc of the Indians c.imc on board. They
claimed an .ici|uaintuiicc with 'l'iij.iv:i, nnd knew
'I'upia's n:\nic ; :ind alter tin y liaJ rici-ivcd lonit- pa-
fcnts, thry rctiiid pcaciaHy. 'I'hc Kndi'avour was
now in the bay called by tiie natives ()raha()ur.ij;ee,
and Captain Cu.>k, with NIr. Hanks and Dr. Solaiuier,
andother*, wcnl in b(lal^ to the bottom of the bay tn
, examine it, anJ they did not return till next moinin;.

They had been up a frelh-water river in three t itimms
water, whah would make a good harbour, and h:id
met with an Indian town, and a hippah, or pl.ice i>l
refuse, the inhabit.iiits i'( which invited them to
lanif, and gave them a friendly reception. At the en-
trance of a wood they met with a tree gS feet hiyh
from the ground to the /ir(l braneh, ijuite ftrait, and
19 feet in circumference ; and they found iliU larger
trees of the fame kind as they advanced into the

Tli«me« River ^*'""'>'- The captain called this river Thamii^ as it rc-
fembled our river of that name. They alfo found fe-
vcral young cabb.iEjc-trccs, and a new fpecics of the
palm-nut. They weighed anchor the fame afternoon,
failing down the river w ith the tide, the wind blowing
frclh from north-north- weft. The next morning the
{Rood obliged them tocaft anchor again ; and the c^'p-
tain, witnDr. Solander, went on ftiorc to the weft-
ward, but made no obfervation worth teliitlnj;. 'I'he
ihip at their departure from it, was furrounded with
canoes, which induced Mr. Banks to remain on board,
that he might trade with the Indians. The chief ob-
jciS of thcfc people was paper, for which they ex-
changed their arms and clonths, and took no unfair
advantages. Thoiijh thcfc traders were in general
honcft in their dealings, there was one amongli them
who took a fancy to a half-minute glafs^ but was de-
tc£icd in fccrctini; it, and he was puniftied with a cit
of nine tails. The other Indians endeavoured to favc
him, but being oppofed, they got their arms from the
canoes, and fomc of the people in thetn attempted to
get on board. Mr. Banks and Tupia now coming
upon deck, the Indians applied to the latter, but he
having no influence upon Mr. Ilicks, the commanding
officer, informed them of thenatua'of the offender's
intended puniftiment, which pacified them, as they
fuppofed that death would have been the confcquence
of his crime. However he received twelve lafties,
and alfo a beating from an old man who was con-
ceived to be his fattier, or fomc near relation. After
this, the canoes went oft', and the Indians faid they
ihould be afraid to return. Tupia, notwithftanding,
prevailed on them to come back ; but they fecmcd to
have loft much of that confidence which they had be-
fore repofed in Captain Cook and his people; The
wind continuing ftill unfavourable, the velFel was
forced to go down the river with the tide on the

Point Rodney. 23d, and paflcd a point called Pcint KoJnty, to the
north-weft. During a courl'c of near 30 miles, as
they could not approach the Und, they had butadit-
tant view of the main. Under the name of the River
Thames, the captain comprehended the whole bay;

Cape Culville.and he gave the name of Cape Cilvittt to the promon-
tcryat the north-eufternmoft extremity, in honour of
Lord Colvillc. This cape is to be diftinguifticd by a
higjh rock, and lies in 36" i6' of fouth latitude, longi-
tude 194° 17' weft. The river ruiis fouth by caft from
the fouthern point of the cape. In fome parts, it
is three leagues over, for about fourteen leagues, after
which it becomes narrower. Abundance of fiftj were
fuppofed to lie in this river, as there appeared many
inftruments propci' for carrying On a fiflicry.

In fome places the water was 26 fathoms deep, and
the depth diminifiicd gradually, and the anchorage is
good in all parts of the bay. Captain Cook gave the

B»rrierlfland«""'"'^°'^ ^<"^ri"' Iflan.U to fomc iflcs which flicker it
from the fe.i. The country feemcd to be thinly inha-
bited. As to the natives they were a ftiort andaflivc
people. Their bodies were painted all over with a
red colour. Their canoes were well conftru£ted, and
ornamented with carved work.

Captain Cook ftill continued ftcering alonj:
fliorc between the illands and the main, and an -

x~M

I L'v

elitiredoii the izthin !.(. f.itliom wntcr, iii an n,'!*,'
b..), uhere a luimber ol tilh i,l thf bream kinl I'inj'
taken, /jVc.vi /',;,■ wa-. the n.ime ;Mven to it I'V im
voja^ers. It lies in jj 4()'(i| fmiin latltiul', bcin^
alHuil 17 leagues luuih-wift u\ Cai'e Colville '^
miniher of rocks weie llin oft" this bav uhch tluy
lalledthe Hell and C'hii.k'iis. 'Ihj laiiil cxtinilini;
liirabout ^oniiles between Point RihIpi y am! lliispl.ci.
is low and woodv. The liii'lifti fa>\ none of the na-
tivi>, but ii'iieliulcd f:.'m 11., (ins v.hicli ihvpc -
leived at ni;;ht, that till, place Wi.-. iii't ui.inli.i'.M:' J
Karly in the murniir.; tl.e (hip failed out nf tlie V\,
keepini; near ihc Ihnri to the iioitliward. S'"inafur
they tlifcovered (oiiie iflaiuls about ih'ee leagues 10 ihi;
nortli-iKirth-ealf, wliiie there wrre ciltivaled laivU
and a few towns that appc.ucd to be fvM tilled. To
tliife they ga\e the appillalioii ( f "//./ /'^ir A'>...f//j.'Ci,c )'.i.r
A nuinber of iiuliniis appriiaeh' d the VeHll to.vaij lii li;lit5
:ii;jht, and two of llieir c1m;'Is emnin^ "n board, ga'\;
the Englifh to uiuleilland that tluy w.re in^t i-noi.'iit
of their arrival in that part of the world. C>t'i.i
Indians came, in or.lir to trade aft.r they wltc yonc \
but thelcbeginniiij^ to pilfer, were lired upon, and re-
treated with preei|iitati<iii.—

I'hc Knglilh coiuimud failin;; flowly along to the
northward ; and on tlie 26tli, fume iiiiiie ot the In •
dians in two canoes, came on bo: iJ, ami earned on
a fair traffic. Tluv were followed by two lar-.er ca-
noes, the people rin hoaid of which, after havir.j; held
a conference with them came aloni; fide of the Mll^l.
Thcfc laft were adorned with carving. The p.-oplc
who feemcd to be of the higher order were armed with
various weapons. Their patoo-patoos, which were
m.ide of ftonc and whale-boiie, were h-KI in hiu'h cf-
timation, and they were ornaiiKiited wlih dny\ hair.
The complexion of thefe people was dai!er tli.'ii that
of thofe to the fouth, and their faces were il.iiiied \vit!i
amoco. I'hey were given to pilfeniu!, of which one
of them gave an inftancr, pietendin;.' to l\irti r a wea-
pon for a piece of clotli, which latter he ran away
with, without fuliillin.; his agreement, nor was he
at all difpofed to do, till a miiliijct bein;^ tlied brought
him back again.

Tlievcflei paflinga remarkable high point of land,
it was called (.'«/;<■ />'r<-«, in honour t^f the baronet o! Cjj t Urjt:.
that name. There is a curious rocky illaiul to the
north-caft by north, which is arched, and at a dif-
tance, has a picafing efpcit. This is called Motuv-
ogo by the n.itivcs, and lies in 35' 10' 30' foutli,
and longitude 185" 23" weft. It t'orms a bay to the
weft, which contaihs inany fmnll illands, and Captain
Cook hamed the point at the north-weft entranen
PtiH Ptcoch. There are many villages on the main Point Pocotke.
as well as on the iflanos, which appeared well inha-
bited, and fcveral canoes filled » ith Indians, made to
the (hip ; and after coming along-fidc to trade, fliewed
the famedtTire of cheating as the others. tJrjie o»" the
midftiipmcn was fo nettled at being impofed upon,
that he had recourfc to a whimfical expedient by w ay
of recovery: he took a fiftiing- line, and threw the lead
withfo much dexterity, that the hook caught the In-
dian who had impol'ed upon him by the buttocks, when
the line breaking, the hook remained ill his polKriors.
Thefe Indians were ftrong and well-proportioned;
their hair was black, and tied tip in a bunch ftucic
with feathers; the chiefs among them had garments
made of fine cloth, ornamented with dog-lkin ; and
they were tataowed like thofe who had laft appeared.
On the 27th the ErtdeaVour was among a number of
fmall iflands, from which feveral canoes came oft",
but the Indians^ from theii" frantic gcftures, IVeined
dilordcred in their minds ; they threw their fUh into
the ftiip by handfdls, witHodt demanding any thing
by way of barter. Soiiic other Canoes alfo came up,
who faluted the ftiip with ftoncs. One of the In-
dians, who was particularly active, threw a ftick at
one of the Endeavour's men. It was then judged time
to bring them to reafonj and a mufquct wlili fmall
Ihot was fired at him, when he f.ll in the canoe. A
general terror was now fp read among them, and they,

4(1

-^^K.-

103

THE VOYAGE O V

1761)

all niAje i very precipilaw retreat. Amonn the fifti
ol'i.iiiitd from tlii-fi- cjiuxs wiitv./tw/Af in j;u.u iiUiitv,
.mil lor this rcil'on the c.i|n,iiii called tlu ic in.iiuK bv
the r^ini. ii.mie. For Icvrrul tljy« tlie wiiiJ wjn lo very
uiifatourablc, that the vilIU rather loit than gained
ground. On the aoth, having weathered Cape Hrett,
tlity bore away to leeward, and got into a large bay,
where they anchored on the (nuth-well lidc of feveral
iHandii, and fuddenly came into four fathoms and a
half water. Upon foundinir, they found they had
Ijot upon a bank, and accordingly weighed and drop-
ped over it, and anchored again in ten fathonii and
1 half, after which they were furrounded by thirty-
ihrie large canoes, containing near three hundred
Indians all armed. Some uf them were admitted on
board, and Captain (Jovie gave a piece of broad cloth
to one of the chiefs, and fome fmall prefents to the
I'ther. They traded peaceably for fome time, beiii^
t. rrilicd at the lire-armA, with the eD'cets of which they
wcie not unacquainted t but whilli the captain was ut
dinner, on a fi^nal given by one of the chiefs, all
the Indians quitted the ftiip, and .ittemptcd tu tow
.nvay the buoy j a mufquet was now fired over them,
hut it produced no cliect ; fmall (hot was then fired
at ihein, but it did not reach them. A mufquet loaded
with ball, was therefore ordered to be fired, and Otc-
goowgoow (fon of one of the chiefs ) was wounded in
the thigh by it, which induced them immediately to
throw the buoy overboard. To complete their con-
iufion, a round fhot Wiis fired, which reached the
ihore, and as foon as they landed, they ran in fcarch
ol it. If thefe Indians had been under any kind of
military difcipline, they might have proveu a mucli
more formidable enemy ; but ailing thus, without
vny plan or regulation, they only expofed themfelyes to
the annoyance of the fire-arms, whilft they could not
poflibly fucceed in any of their dcfigns. The Cap-
tain, \Ir. Banks, and Dr. Solandcr, landed upon the
ifland, and the Indians in the canoes foon .'\fter came
on ihore. The gentlemen were in a fmall cove, and
they were prtfently furrounded by near 400 armed
Indians ; but the captain not fufpeding any hoHile
defign on the part of the natives, remained peaceably
difpofcd. The gentlemen, marching towards them,
drew a line, intimating that they were not to pafs it ;
they did not infringe upon this boundary for fome
time i but at length, they fang the fong of defiance,
and becan to dance, whilft a party attempted to draw
f ho Endeavour's boat on fliore, thefe fignals for an attack
being immediately followed by the Indians breaking
in upon the line } the gentlemen judged it time to de-
fend ihemfelves, and accordiri^ly the captain fired his
mufquet, loaded with fmall fliot, which was feconded
by Mr. li.niks's difcharging his piece, and two of the
men followed his example. This threw the Indians
into confufion, and they retreated, but were rallied
again by one of the chiefs, who fhouted and waved
his patoo-patoo. The Doftor now pointed his muf-
quet at this hero, and hit him : this flopped his career,
and he took to flight with the other Indians. They
retired to an eminence in a collcifled body, and fecmed
dubious whether they (hould return to the charge.
They were now at too great a diftance fora ball to reach
them, but thefe operations being obfcrved from the
fliip, (he brought her broadfideto bear, and by firing
over them, foon difperfed them. The Indians had in
their flcirmifh two of their people wounded, but none
killed : peace being thus reftored, the gentlemen
began to gather celery and other herbs, but fuf-
peding that fome of the natives were lurking
about with evil defignsj they repaired to a c.tve,
whi>h was at a fmall didancc. Here they found the
chief, who had th.it day received a prefcnt from the
Captain 1 he came forth with his wife and brother,
and folicited their clemency. It appeared, that one
of the wounded Indians was a brother of this chief,
who wai under great anxiety left the wound fhould
prove mortal, but his grief was in a grcit degree alle-
viated, when be was nude acquainted with the dif-

ferent efredls i>f fmall (\,<i: and lull i he wa, U thi
f.iine time all'iiied, thit iippii any larther hjtfiiiiir»
being eoiniiiiiliil, hall would lie ul'.d. Tli^ itil r-
view (eriiiiii..te.l very cordially, alter fonic iiirtiiij
prefeni* were in.tde to the chiei and his ci<iii;iani<<n.<.
" 'I'hc ptiideiiee of thegeiiiJMiun ^lay* nui author)
cannot be nuicli coinniemled : for ii.id tliel'e 4^0
Indians boldly rufhed in upon them at omi wuhthrii
weapon!!, the nuil'queiry could h'lve done \erv iiltltf
execution ) but fupijoling twenty or thntv ol tile In-
dians had been wiMiiuUd, a.i it docs not appear tlKJi'
pieces were lo.ukd. vs'itli ball, but only im;wl lh>tt,
there would have remained a fuflieieiit luimlKT to li.,vo
mall'acred tlu 111, as it appears they do not t,ive any
quarter, and mine could have been expected upon th>s
(lecafion. It ii true, when the lliip brought her
hroadliile to bear, (he might have madi' gie.it havoeic
amongi) the Indians) but this would have hren tou
late to lave the party on Ihore. — Ueiii;; in th(irboat«»
the Knulilh ro»ed to another part of the fame illand,
when landing and gaining an eminence, they had u
very agrirable and roniaiitie view of a gre.it number
of fmall iHaiuIs, well inhabited and cultivated."

The inhabitants of an adjaecnt town approae-hej
unarmed, and tellified great humility and fubniinion.
Some of the party on fliorc who had been very vioUni
for having the Indians puninied for their fraudulent
condui5l, were now guilty of trefpalTes equally repie-
henfible, having forced into fome of the plantations^
and dug up potatoes. 1 "ae captain, upon this oeca-
fion fliewed ftriiil juiiice in punilliing each of the of-
fenders with tweUe laihcs : one of them being very
rcfraiflory upon this occafion, and complaining of th«
hardfhip, thinking an EngllOiman had a rij^ht to
plunder an Indian with impunity, received fix .tddi-
tioiial lafties for his reward.

As it was quite a dead calm on the 30tn day of
this months two bouts were fent to found the har-
bour ; when many canoes came up and tr.idcd with
great probity ; the gentlemen Went again on Ihore
and met with a very civil reception from the na-
tives j and this friendly ihtercourfc continued all
the time they remained in thj bay, which w.ts feveral
days. Being upon a vlfit to the old chief, he Ihtwcd
them the inftrumcnts ufed in tataowing, which
were very like thofe employed at Otaheitc upon the
like occafion. They law the man who had been
wounded by the ball, v>hen the attempt was made
to carry on the (hip's buoy ; dnd though it had
gone through the flelhy part of his arm, it did
not fecin to givie him the Icall pain or uhcafincfs. On
Tuefday the 5th, in the morning, they weighed an-
chor, but were foon becalmed, and a ftrong Current
fitting towards the (liore, they were driven in with
I'uch rapidity, that they expelled every moment to
be run upon the breakers, which appeared above watef
not more than a cable's length diftance, and they were
foncarthe land, that Tupia, who was totally igno-
rant of the danger, held a converfation with the In-
dians, who were (landing on the beach. They were
happily relieved however, from this alarming filua-
tionbyafreih breeze fuddenly fpringing up from the
Ihore. The bay which they had left was called TVv
Bny of //lanJs, on account of"^ the numerous iflandsit^^"^' ■'**''•
contains ; they caught but few fifh while they lay
there, but procured great plenty from the natives,
who were extremely expert in fifhing, dnd dirplayeil
great ingenuity in the form of their nets, which
were made of a kind of grafs ; they were two or three
hundred fathoms in length, and remarkably ftrong,
and they have them in fuch plenty, that it is fcarceVy
pollible tCi go a hundred yards without meeting with
numbers lying in heaps. Thefe people did not ap-
pear to be under the government of any particular
chief or fovercign, and they feemed to live in a per-
feflftnteof friendlhip, notwithftanding their villages
were fortified. According to their obfervations upon
the tides, the flood comes from the fouth, and there is
a current from the weft. December 7, feveral ca-
nons

Wood
Cinnc

Allmi
Poioc.

■^?

CAPTAIN COOK.

I igno-
In-
■y were
„ fitun-
rom the

J . Bjv of IflioJs.
lands It '

hey lay

latiVcs,

rplaytJ

which
)r tlircc
(Ironc,
carccly
ig with
not ap-
•ticul.ir
a pcr-
villagcs

is upon
Ithcrc is

:ral ca-
hoiu

Knuckle Tolnt
Sinily Bay.

MouacCuncl.

no»» put oflT ani! fo1!niT\'cJ the EndMvniir, hut a brcric
nrifiiig, Captain Cnok did not w.iit (or thi-m. On
the 8ln they taikrd, and IIoihI in (or thu Ihorfi ond
on the Qth ihry were about (even Ic.i^nen to the wc(l-
ward ol the Cavalles, and foon after tame tu a drep
Poubtlifi Bay b»y, whiih the captain named Douhtlfft Hm. I he
wind prevented their putting in here, and heingfuon
■ftcr bcralmed, they were vifited hy Cevcral canoci
from fliore, with whom they trafficked. Kiomthrfe
Indianslhey learned, thatthev were ahout two days lail
from iMicrrZ/'Ar/WKfl, where the land changed its (nape,
and inltead of extending to the welllvard, t urntd to the
fouth I and that to the north-north-wrll there wn
lin extenfive country, named Vlimanah, where the
inhabitants lived upon hog^, which tliry calKd Bioah,
whichwasthe fame name given them hy the inhabitants
of the idands in the Soiilii Seas. They (aw upon the
coaft feveral plantations of the liaowtr, or cloth trees,
and fome of the Koomarra. They bca'. to windward
four days, and made but little way.

On the loth, the land appealed low and barren,
but wai not deltitute of inhabitants ) the next morn-
ine they flood in with the land, which forms a pen-
iniula, and which the Captain named KnmUt Punt.
Another bay, that lies contiguous, Captain Cook
called Sandy Rnj, in the middle of it is a high moun-
tain, which was named Atiunl Ciimtl, on account of
its rcfembling that animal ) feveral canues put of}°, but
could not reach the (hip, whicli now tacked and lioou
to the northward, till the afternoon of the i7.th, when
fhc itood to the north-ead. I'owards night it began
to rain and blow, and in the morning it was fo tcm-
peduous as to fplit the main-top fail, and the I'ore-
mizen-top fails. Early in the morning of the 14th
they faw land to the fouthward, and on the 15th they
tacked and ftood to the weftvvard j next day thcv di(-
covercd land front the mall-head to the fcuth-(outh-
weft, and on the i6th came off the northern cxtremi-
NorihCape. 'Y "^^ New Zealand, which the captain called Nirth
Cape. It lies in lat. 34,' 22' fouth, and long. iB6°
55' well, and forms the north jioint of Sandy Bay.
I heir fituatioii varied but little till the ;>4th, when
they difcovercd land, which they judged to be the
illands of Tht Ih'ti Kings, though they did not refemblt
the defcription of them in IJalrymple's account. The
chief ifland is in lat. 34" 12' fouth, and long. 187''
48' weft, between 14 and 15 leagues from North
Cape. Mr. Banks went out in the (mall boat, and
caught fome birds that greatly refemblcti ecefe, and
they were very good eatinz. On the 27th it blew
very hard from the eaft all day, accompanied with
heavy (howcrs of rain, and they brought the (hip
under a reefed main-fail. On the 30th they faw land,
bearing north-eaft, which was thought to be Cape
Maria Van Dicmen, but the fea being very boifte-
rous, they did not venture to approach it, but taclced
about and flood to the nor'h-wcft.

January ift, 1770, they tacked and ftood to the
eaftward, and on the 3d they faw land again ; it was
high and flat, and tended away to tlie fouth-eaft, be-
yond the reach of the naked eye. It is remarkable,
that the Endeavour was three weeks in making ten
leagues to the weftward, and that (he met with a vio-
knt gale of wind in lat. 35"' fouth, at Midfummer.
On the morning of the 4th they ftood along the (hore,
the coaft appeared fandy and barren, dreary and in-
hofpitablr. Steering northward on the 6th they faw
land again, which they imagined to be Cape Maria :
on the 7th they had light brce7.cs, and were fome-
tiines becalmed, when they faw a fun-fi(h, (hort and
thick in figure, with two large (ins, but fcarcelv any
tail, refcmbling a (hark in colour and fize. They
continued fteenng taft till the 9th, when they per-
ceived land, and were foon after abreaft off a point,
Wooily Head, which Captain Cook named tVosdy Htai. From the
fouth-weft there is a fmall illand, which the captain
eannct Iflanil. called Gannrt IJltind. Another point remarkably high
An«raf "* *he.<eaft-north-eaft, the captain named Atbetrefi
Point ' '**"'» "" *' north-(ide of which a bay is formed that
promifes good anchorage. At about two Impucs dif-
• Vol. f. N ' t8. ''

fancc from Albetroft Point, to the north-eaft thi^
di(o)vcretl ■ remarkable high mountain, ctju.il in
hfij.'ht to that of Tenrnft'e, the lummit of which was
covered with fnow, and it was named Mount Kg-
niont. It is in lat. 30" 16' fouth, and long. 185 15'
well, and the country rmind it is pleaf.uit, pitleiitini;
an agreeable verdure, interlei'ted with woods. 'I he
coafl forms an extenfive cape, which tlie captain likc-
wifo called dif/ b'gnnni, ill honour of the noblc-
iiian of that nnmc. It is about 27 leagues to the
fouth-fmith-wcft point of Albetrofs Point, having two
fmall iflaiuU to (lie north, mar a very high point of
a come (ii-.iire. Tins day lome very heavy (howeri
ol rain fell, accompanied with thunder and liglitcning.
" The captain (fays my author) propofed careen-
ing the (hip here, and taking in wood and water, and
accordingly, on the i5th Itcercd for an iiiKt, whell
it being ainioft a calm, the Ihip was carried very near
the (hure, but got clear with the afTiftance of the
boats. \Vhilft this was doing, a fea-lion made its
appearance i a very curious creature, and anfwering
the defcription given of it in I.oid Anion's voyage.
The captain fciit the pinnace to examine a fmall covs
that appeared, but loon after recalled her, on feeing
the natives launch and arm their canoes. The Endea-
vour anchored in a commodious part of the bay. In

I failing towards this I'lrot an Indian town was defcricd,

II when the inhabitants waved their hands, fcemingly to
invite the Endeavour's people to land. In paliinz
the point of the bay, they obferved an armed centincl
on duty, who was twice relieved. Four canoes came
from the Ihorc to vilit the (hip, but none of the In-
dians would venture on board, except an old man,
who feemed of elevated rank ; his countrymen took
great pains to prevent his coming on board, but they
could not divert him from his purpofe, and he was
received with the utmoft civility and holpitality.
Tupia and the old man joined nofes, according to the
cuftom of the country, and after receiving feveral
pnfents, he returned to his affociates, when they be-
gan to dance and laugh, and foon after retired. The
captain and the other gentlemen now went on (hore,
where they met with plenty of wood and water, and
were very fucccfsful in fiihing, catching fome hun-
dred weight in a (hort time.

•• On the i6ththeEndeavour'spcopIewereengaged
in careening her, when three canoes came off witn a
great number of Indians, and broueht feveral of their
women with them. This circumlTance was Judged a
favourable prefage of their peaceable difpofition, but
they foon gave proofs of the contrary, by attempt-
ing to ftop the long-boat that was lent on Ihorc for
water, when Captain Cook had recourfe to the old
expedient of (iring fome (hot, which intimidated them
for the prefcnt ; out they foon gave frc(h proofs of
their inhdious dcfigns. One of them fnatchcd fome
paper from the Endeavour's people, who were trading
with them, and brandi(hing his patoo-patoo, put him-
felf in a threatening pofture, upon which it was judged
expedient to (ire fome (hot at him, which wounded
him in the knee. This ftep put an end to the corre-
fnondence with regard to trade ; but Tupia ftill con-
tinued convcrfing with them, and making enquiries
concerning the curiofities of New Zealand; he alio
afktd them, if they had ever before feen aftiip as large as
the Endeavour, to which they replied, they had not, nor
evcrheardfuchave(relhfldbeen upon the coall : though
Tafman certainly touched here, which was only fifteen
miles fouth of Murderer's Bay. There is great plenty
of tt(h in all the coves of this bay, among others here
are cuttle-fi(h, large breams, fmall grcv breams, fmall
and large baracootas, flyin? gurnard, horfe mackrcl,
dog-fifh, folcs, dabs, mullets, drums, fcori>enas, or
rock-(i(h, co1c-(i(h, (hags, chimeras, &c. 1 he inha-
bitants catch their (i(h as follows : their net is cylin-
drical, extended by fc\eral hoops at the bottom, and
contrafled at the top ; the (i(h going in to feed upon
what is put into the net, are caught in great
abundance ; there are alio birds of various kinds,
and in great numbers, particularly parrots, wood-
Cx g g pigeoiiSj

C.i[ ( F.^ninnt.

I (

*C1

1770

THE V O Y A O S OF

p'gfoni, water h«nii, hiwk«, >nd many ditlVrL-nt
iinuiiig liirJ . All herb, a I'lwcictot PhilnMljihui, \\*%
ulcil III re iiillcad uf Irii, and « pl.mt rallctl ricgocjinnic,
rrrrnibling rii(;-rlciakit, Icrval the native* ri>r ^Ainiciil^,
The inviiuiH dl' ihccovc where llu: Enjcjvniir l.iy is
C»vcrt'il entirely with wuinI, iiiid the fiipple J.>> kt .m
fi> nuincruui, that it ii with dilKculiy ihitt p,illin|^i:ri
rJil pmriio their way 1 here i^ a nunieruui l.iiiJ lly,
that IS vtiy Jil'.igrceablc. The t(ip:. ul manv lulls \>err
covered witli fern. 'I'lic nir ol' the country ts very
muiK, and has fninc qu.ilitici that proiiKJte putiet.ie-
tioii, »> bird* that had bi>. 11 (hut but a lew Ikjuih were
fuuiid with maggot* in them. The women uho ac-
companied the men in the canoe*, wore a hcad-drelH,
which the gentlemen had no where met with biture,
it wai coniuufeil of black fcathcri, tied in a bunch nn
the top of the head, which greatly incieafed it* height.
'I'he manner of their difpoflng of their dead i» very
(liferent to what it inai^ifedin their foutlurn itland^i,
tlicy tie a large (tone to the body, nnd throw it into
tile lea. The gentlemen faw the body of a woman
which had hern dirpul(.'d of thi* way, hut which, by
fome aecidtnt h.id difengagcd itiell from the Hone,
and was floating upon the water. The Captain,
Mr. tiankj, anJ the DoL'lor vilited another cove,
about two niileii from the fliip. There wai a fa-
mily of Iiidi.mj who were greatly alarmed at the
approach of thcfe gentlemen, all running away except
one i but upon Tupia's cunverfing with him, the
others return«l. They found, by the piov ilions of
(his famil)', that they were canibals, here being fe-
vcral Iiuman buncs that had been lately drell'ed and
picked, and it appeared that a (hort time before, fix
of their enemies having fallen into their han.ls, they
had killed four and eaten them, and that the other
two wiie drowncil in endeavouring to make their
tleape. They made no fecret of this .iboiniiiabic cuf
torn, but aiilwercd Tupia, wlio was difiied to afcer-
tain the fact, with great compofurc, that his conjec-
tuu's were juft, that they were the bancs of a man,
and tolfificd by figiis, that they though 1 hum in flefh
delicious food. Upon being afked, \Vhy they had
not eaten the body of the woman that had been llo:\t-
ing upon the water? they anfwercd, She died of a
difcrder, and that moreover flic was related to them,
anil they never ate any but their enemies. L'pnnM
Banks llill teflifying iomc doubts concerning thcfaift,
one of the Indians drew the bone of n nun's arm
through his mouth, and this eeiitleman had the cu-
riofity tu bring it away with him. Tlieie was a wo-
man in this family wliofc arms and lc::s were cut in a
i)iockine manner, and it appeared fhe li.id thus wound-
ed herfelf becaulc her huloand had lately Ikcii killed
and eaten by the enemy. Some ot the Indians
brought four (kulls one day to fell, w hieh they rated
at a very high price. The brains hiul been taken out,
and probably eaten, but the fkuU and hair frniaincJ
They fccined to have been dried by tiie, in order to

rrcfervc them from putrefaflion. The gentlemen
ikewife faw the bail of a canoe, which was made of
a human Ikull. On the whole their iilcas were fo horrid
and brutiOi, that they feemed to pride them felves upon
their cruelty and barbarity, and took a particular pica-
fure in (hewing the manner in which they killed their
enemies, it being confidered as very meritorious to be
expert at this dellrui^iun. The method ufed was to
Jtnocic them down with their patoo-pat<x)s, and then
J-ip up their bellies.

" Cireatnumbcrsof birds ufually began their melody
about two o'clock in the morning, and fercnaded the
gentlemen till the time of their rifing. This har-
mony was very agreeable, as the fliip lay at a con-
ireuient diftancc from tlie (hor': to hear it. Thefe
featheicil chorifters, like the £ii^li(h nightingales,
never fing in the day-time.

"On the 1 7th, the (hip was vifited by a canoe from
(lie liippah, or village; it contained, among others,
the aged Indian, of fupcrior diltiniSion, who had firlt
vifitcdthc f^n;;!ini upon their arrival. In a conference
wbicU Tu^)ia had with him, he tclliiud his .ipprehcn-

'. •• J i

fionn, that their enfmle' tvi'iilit vfry fixN villi them,

and upay the loiiiplimeiil, lor killing an ' laliiig tlie
lour men. On the iKth ihiy nieivisl im « ilii hkih
the Indianti hut going out in the puinaee l<i iiifjH'tt
the bay, thiy Ijw a fiiigle man in a lanoi lilhoig, iit
llic manmr alrudy delciiUd. li w^s i.iiiaik;ihU,
that thisnuii tlid ih'l pay the le.'.ll iiiu mion tu tiKi
people III the pinnact, hut coiitinuid to puilW hi»
ciiiploynicnt ivrii whenthry came along hd. oi loin,
without unce looking at ihuii. Some i>l ilw tiiidct-
vuur's people being on llioie, found three human hi|i
bones, dole to an oven j ih'lc VMie biuu';hn>ii b ur.l,
at will a>th<' h.tir ul a man's hi .id, vihuh was fotii <1
in it tree. The next ilay a loiiie wat li t u|> In ri p.ir
the iron-work) and fi nie Indian, viliud the Ihip
with plenty of hlh, which they baitvrvd very faiil/
lor nails.

*' On the ; ih, Mr. Hanks piir.hafed of the old In-
dian aman'ii head, whi>lih>. leincd vrri im. willing to
p.irt with ) the Ikull h.id beili ii. >.'liiic<< iiy .1 blow, and
the br.iins m le exlr.iclid, and like the illci-, it » u
prtfeiM.d (rom pultifielioii. Ik in the cue witli
which thiy kept thrfe Iku!!.'-, and the ivluei incc with
wliirh tliiy h.irlerid .iiiy, it was i.ii.i ;iiud Ih' y wtro
lontidercd as trophies of vvai, uii<l t IlimuiiiiU ol*
their valour. In this d.iy's t\<.utlion iluv ilid not
meet witli a fiiigle native i the giouiul un «.. ry fido
was ijiiite uneullivalcJ ; but iluy il.l'overid a veiy
good harbour. The lueceediiig day tlie fliip's ruiik-
pany were alloAcJ to ((oon (luxe I. t iluir amui.inent,
and the gentlemen rmplovcd ih.niklves in lilloii^, in
which they were very fuccelVUil. Some of the com-
p. :iy In tluir excutlioii met with fortihcitiuiis th.it
li id not the advantage of ..iiilevatui litiiation, but
were lurruuiidcd \,y two or time wide ditilus, with
a diaw-luiJge, fui h .is, ih^u; h liiii;ile in us Id ucturi',
wascapableol .iiiuvain^ ev>.iy |>iir|Hi| a; .liiilt ,hc ariiu
of the natives. Within th^le ditches is ,1 fence, m.idu
with Hakes, tixed ill the cartii. A d<.cirivu coiU)ULlt
or vici iry over the bei'ii.id, occafioii. .111 iiui.ede-
popnlation of that dilKlwt, as the vnmjulfhed, not
only thofe who .ire kilhd, but the prifuncit likcwifa
arc devoured by theviclors.

i'hc 22d was cmplojed by iMi. B.uiks ^ul Or.
Solander, in collciiting of phiiits, whillt Capl.iiii
Cook made fome oblervations en tin- main l.iiid on tliu
fuiith-ralt fideof the inlet, which cumIIiUi! i.f a chain
of higli hills, and formed part of the l<uith-vv; It fide
of the llreight ; the oppollte (idc extended far to live
call. He alfo diUovtied a villaj.T, and many l.oufes
that had been delertcd, niid aii'lher village th.ii ip-
peared to be inhabited. Thire were many Imall ifi.ouls
round thccoall, that feeimd cniirJy barren, .niidwh;.t
few inhabitants were upon them lived principally
upon tith. On the 24lh lliey vifited a hipp.Th, which
was fituatednn a very high rock, hollow uiulcrneailv,
forming a line iiaturaT arch, owe fide of which
io'mcd tu the laud, and the other loi'e out of the A.i.
riie inhabitants received the ginilemen vviili gri.it
civility, and very readily (liewed tlvem tveiy thing
that was curious. This hippah was partly lurronuled
with palifadocs, and it had a fi'^hting Itage, like I'lKvt
already delciibcd. Here they met with a etols relcni-
bling a crucifix, which was ercited as a monuiiient
for a dcceafed perfun ) but they could not le.;rii how
his body VV.1S dilpoled uf. From a convcrlation that
7'upia had with thcfc people, a difcovcry was made
that an officer being in a boat ni.ir thiii vil.l.)g«, an4
fome Cannes coming oft', made him imagine they had
honile deligns, and he Kred upon them with bill,
which made them retire with much precipitation, but
they c(mld not cfTciIt their retreat, belcrc one of thcia
wai wounded. What made this t.\i\\ aifiion the mure
to be lamented was, that the Indians gave afterwards
every poiTiblc aiTurance that their intentions upon
this occafion were entirely friendly. On the 25th the
captain, Mr. Banks, and Dr. Solander, went on
(hore to (hoot, when they met with a numerous fa-
mily, who were among the creeks catching fiili : tbcjr
behaved very civilly, and received fome trilling pre.

lunu

/Vil»i!/.

CAPTAIN C () O U.

>?J

liiiiiiip.illy
L-\h, whiiH
|iulcriK'4ils
lof which
,( tl.e l\.:.
|\viili (iruit
/ciy thing
i'utrormlcJ
like i'.);U
tills rLliiu-
linoiuiiiicnt
ll^..rii how
111 ion that
Jwiis matlc
|il.l.ig«, an4
Ic they had
Iwith'Uall,
liatiun, but
he of thcui
li the mure
lartcrwar«l«
lions upon
\e 2Sth the
went Ul)
ncruus f»-
Qi: ibcy
lilling |>r«-

,V.;>.'

Crnti from the genii* mf n. The ne m day thry went in
t.ikr a nc«- I't ihr llui^ht, ihjt pjllnl iHlwiril the
cutterti .iiul w **tri<Kjs, ihiy ticotilmitly Mtuiiictl ihi
iuniMiK (ir ah.il, but ithiiii^ cluiiiiy Mculhci, thry
couM not li'f It a c. iilpl^rablc iliit.Hici-. Here, hoA -
ever, thry iri.i:U-J a pile. If*' '"i; oi i( muli|iirl bjll-,
(ni.:\\ Hill, b<.icl<, Nc. asa tettiiito'"''! <>t th>« |>lji>
having b^cii vilited (V)' Ki^rapeani. ijp,ttt thur reiiiiii
thry Ik ' ^nh anothtr \niiift family, who li' h.ivtil to
them wi , , itKetiully, aiid .■jrtVtf'l in procurin!; them
Wa'u. Jhrj . il*> vilileil Jiioiher hippiih upon a roik.
(lul w uhnoK m<<'r<llihU ; it rnnliltej of .ilinHt q"
hoiilet, ami a tiphting (t>>'. I'hc ^iKlLmeii nisdi
the in!i.>l)iuni« loine (mail pirU'iit>, and thry in letiirn
liiriiillKj ihein \Mth dried tiih.

" The (hip'n lom;' niy were, on the ?7th and 281I1
rn|',.ii(ed in nuking ii.etliary npairs, ami ^'eitin; ^ei
liady liir Ka. 'I he neiit day they were Ml'iti-d by
Tojiiu, their old In ul, and lome oilier liidi.iii^.
'I hi y laid, That the m.in vtho h.id rrcri\ed a wnund
from the oriUer near the hipiiah, was dead 1 hut llii-'
xHeriion proved allerward't fjnuiidlcli. The D.iilur
and Mr. lianki iil'ieii w<nt on Ihore wliillt the Ihip
\vj( prepariiif, lur Tea, and in.idc iVviral obUrvatiiiiii
on liie malt to the norih-well ; ihev perceived an
illaiid at about 10 Iea(;ue4 dillanei , bclwivn whic!i
mid the mini 1 lure were (ivcrairnialUr ill.tndi. The
captain ailii went on (horr, and < reilid another pyra-
mid of' Uimc«, III \< hich he put lon'e bulUtv, l)ead>,
tie. ai beturc, wiili the addition of a pieee of liUer
mill, and plaecii part (.f an old prndaiil on the top, to
dillinnuifli it. Some of the people who h^d been lent
out to L:atlier cilerv, met wiili levei.il of the natives,
anion jf whom were loine women, wlmfe hulbamk had
Liiely r.iMi n into llie IiamU ol the enemy, and they were
cutting maiiv paiK ol their butlies in anioll Ihoek-
in^ manner with Diarp lloncs, in tellimony<'r their
cxcelhve;.',riel. What made this ceremony appi'ar ri-
dietilous ai well as Ihockiiii;, was, that the male In-
ili.iii--, who were with them, paid not tlie Icaft .itten-
tiun to it, but with the ^realeji unconcern imagin.ibic
employed ihemlcUe* in repairing lomc empty huts
upon the Ipot.

" On Ihurldav the 30th, two poft< were creeled,
infeiibed with the lliip'sname, ^e. aiulual, one was
placed at the watering place, with the union flag upon
II ; and the otiier in the Inme manner a<i on the illand
of M'liii.'.ru i and the inhabitants bcini; informed, tl'.al
thi I polls were meant as memorials ol the Endeavour's
h.iun^ touched at tliis place, promiled never to dcDroy
mem. The capt^iin then named this inlet ^uttn (^/mik-
(JjiMi. ■ .- hllt'i Ijhiiil \ and took polUnion of it in the name,
l.tuMlliiiil. and for theuleof his majefty, and a bottle of wine
wa*: ilMiik to the queen's health.

" I'hc c.'.pt.iin made the <dd man fomc prefcnts :
.imonc; others there were a lilver three-pence, .tiuI
fome liuke-nails, with the broad arrow upon them.
'I'opoa Kini; quellioned concetniiii; a p.dlage into the
cnlfern lea, anlwcrcd, that there was cert.iinly I'ufli
a pafTiyc ; and lie all'o informed the captain, that the
land to thcfouth-weft of the ilrei^ht, where he tlun
was, confitled of two illands named Tovy I'ocnnam-
moo, .nnd tliat it would take about two davs to fail
lound tiiein ■, he added, that there was a third illand to
thecaft,' ilalicinomauwec, which wasol a confidcrable
extent, and that the land contiguous to this inlet was
called Tiera Wittc. Towards niglit, on the jilt, a
brilk gale arofc, attended with heavy fliowcrs, and
the next morning the weather was fo \ery tempcftuous,
that the F.ndjavour had her hawfer brolcc, and feveral
calks of water that had been left on ftiorc were wafhed
away with the rain. The 2d, 3d, and 4th of Feb-
ruary, were iliicfly fpent in preparing for their depar-
ture, and puicliaiing ti(h of the natives, who con-
firmed the iiecourts that Topoa had given, re-
fpcifiing ;'n eiillern pafl'age, and the adjacent illands
Mr. ISanks and Dr. Solander were in the mean while
chie.ly engaged in collciting feeds and (hells of dif-
ferent kinds. Tlicy got under fiil the 5th, but the
wiiid not continuing, they came again to anchor

lonoa vil'ited the gentU'mfn .ijniti, fo hiil iiii-m f.irJ- 1770
will, and being i|ue(llnnid, whether he I .iil nei > ■ % *
heaid lo.il fiuh a velli 1 as ill.' Liuleavoiir hid loiiihed
time. In iinlwiri d ill ih.- lie Mtive ( ami added, ill. re
w.is alr.idiiion ol a fin.ill iillil coinirn tnim a pl.iec

died l.'Iinuroa, (adiltaiii i <uniry in the iioiili) that
iht re were only lour men in her, ..i,d ih.il ihey weio
all put lotlealli.

" Mr. Hanks and the DoeliT went ae lin on flmro in
liareh of n.iiur.d cuiiolitus, when tin y nul \v idi .ivory
iniuhle l.iniilyiii Inli ins, anion > whom w 's ,1 wid >w
and a pu'ty 5 ■iiihahoul l>n >i.irs ol .ii»e, SIk h d jiitl
luff her luillviiid, and ".IS petli.rinini^ the eennii'iiy
oi the loiiiiirv upon ill • oil ilion, I'hiy f»-'ha»ed w.ili
the ulmoiHiii||iil.ilily and eoiirtelv, and rn !. 'v iiire.t
|o preiail with i'k ;-,eillli mi 11 to tl.iy all ni^hl, but
till V eipi-ChllK the Ihip to lail, muldnot .ueept tho
iiiMl.itioii. 'I'hu l.imily leeni<d iIh' nmlt inli'^iiieneil
and intilli"< III |U o) 1 11. 1 1. ins the I'l nllcnuii h.ul .is vet
met with, wliiili made them rrnret iluy had not l.illeii
into tlicir compinv bclor', as ihiv would pioh.ihly
have derived much information from them. On ihu
'ith of I'lhuury in the moriiiii)', the Kiuiiaeour
iailedoiilol the h.iy, wliii It the lliip's eiim|i.iiu , lniill
an abhorieiiee of the biutilh iiillom that prevails here-
of eatiii; men, c.illeil f.'.m//,;.' //,/). ''"'V l^eiit their (;,u|||j|| p,„
courfe |o. Ill opening to the cull, in the eveiiin ; 1 be-
ing in the mouth ot the llreij'Ji's, they were heealnvl
III latitude 41 fiiuth, loiij'itude iH4'4;'wel), Tin:
two points which form this eiiir.ince, w ie ni^inid
Caiic Koomnroo, and I'oiiit Jackliui. Th^ u.itlVi'sCjpc Knntris
called the l.ilid about it, rotari.iniie, and ihe harbour, '."". ? ^„' '"'
vthitli the captain named Slip Ci-ut, is very late nnd ^1',';^,^;,^^^
commodious ; a Ihip m.iv enter it either between Mo-
liiara and the illand ol ilamole, or bi-tween the wefl-
ern Ihorc and Mutiiara. Care, however, mult he
taken to attend to the tides, wlieii there is a little
wind they How about nine or ten o'clock at the full
ch.llineof the moon, and lile and l.ill ;>hf>ut (ivui ft. t
and a half, palling tlirouj^h the llreight from ths
fouth-rad."

About this found the number of the natives did tint
feem to l'.e above four hundred, who lived on fern-
root and tilh, and aic fcattered along the cnriit, !• i(h,
which was the only commodity that they tr.ided in,
they bartered for nails, often giving ihem the prrfer-
encc to any other things that were pnf.ntid them.
When thry found that paper was not water-proof,
they foon rejeded that article, nor did they let inucti
value upon the cloth of Ot.ihcitc, but wcie well
pleafcd with that of Knglilli manufacliirc. \'ery
giod timber was I'oiii.d here, lit lor alnuilt cvi r\ piii-
pofcbut that. of making malls. They found abuii-
d.inccof will! fowl intliefe parts.

Leaving the li)und, Ihe Knde:ivour ftccred eafiw ard,
and her people were cairied by the current very cLifc
tooneof the twoillands that lie oft' Cape lloaiiiaioe,
at tlic entrance of the found. At this time the vef-
fel was in the greatell dan;.'ir ; fo that tllcy cspeeieJ
nothing but dellru>;lion. However, alter veeiiiiKoiit
160 fathoms of cable, (he was hroiiL'ht iijiwhiii tlia
rocks were not above two tables leiif.th from them.

I'hus fituated, they were obliged to wait for the tide'*
ebbing, which ilid not take pl.icc till after midni;;lit.
They weighed anchor at cighto'cloek in the morniiifr,
and a frc(h breeze altervi-ards carried them thiou;;h &\
ftrcight with great fwiftnefs. Then- is a fmall iflai.d
at the mouth of it, which the KngliHi called ^''.c/'/-'.' Engii/li Iflini
Ijland; and tn the narrowed part of this llreight be-
tween Cape 'I'icrrawitte and Cape Koomaroo, they
gave the name ot'Ceci's Ijland, which was about thirteen Cook'i IflaaJ.
miles bro.id, and fourteen long. The former of
thefe lies in 41" 44' of fouth latitude, and 1H3" 45' of
wed longitude, and the latter in 41' 34' fouth, and

183' 30' weft longitude, 'I'hcy were now facing a

dce|> Bay, which w.is called Churiy finy, at the dill- -. , _

ancc of about three leagues from land. "* 1"*f'

As fome of the gentlemen doubted whether Eahlc-
nomauwec were an illand, the vcllel (leered foiilh-ead,
in order to clear up this doubt. Tite wind ihiftine,

6 ^ .

204

THE VOYAGE OF

Tlie IflaiHl of
Lookers uu.

Hie ftood cndward, and fleered north-caft by caft alt
night. Ihc next morninj; they were ofF Cape l^al-
liler, and found that the land ilretchcd away to the
iiortli-cadward of Cape Turnagain. In the after-
noon, three canoes came oft", having feveral Indians
on hoard. Thele m.idc a good appearance, and were
ornamented like thole on tlie northern coalt. There
was no difficulty in pcrfuadinjjthem to come on board,
where ihey demeaned thcmfelvcs very civilly, and a
mutual exchange of prefents took pliice. As they
alked for nails it was concluded that they heard of
the Englifh by means of the inhabitants of fome of
the other places at which they had touched,

'I litir drefs refembled that of the n.itives of Hud-
fon's Hay. One old man was tataowed in a very
paiticular manner, he had likewife a red ftreak acrols
his nofe ; and his hair and beard were remarkable for
thiir whitciufs. The upper garment that he wore
was made of flax, and had a wrought border : under
this w.is a fort of petticoat of a cloth called Aooree
W'aow. Teeth and green ftonrs decorated his cars :
he Ipdke in .t foft and low key, and it was con-
iliidf!, from his deportment, that he was a perlbn
of diliinguifhcd rank among his countrymen, and
thefo people wltlidrew greatly fatisficd with the prc-
fenfi that they had received.

Captain Cook having parted from them, (leered
coallwife, till on the 9th in the morning they difco-
vcrcdthat Kahicnomauwec was really an illand. About
fixtv Indians in four ilouble canoes came within a
ffone\ throw of the fhip, on the 14th of February.
As tht y furveyed her with furprifc, Tupia cndea-
vourid to pcrfuade them to come nearer, but thii they
could not be prevailed on to do. On this account the
iiiand was denominated The Ijhiid if Lookers on. Five
leagues diftant fn.m the coail of Tow Pocnumoo,
they faw an ifland which was called after Mr. Uanks's
name; a few Indians appeared on it, and in one place
they difcovcrcd a Imoke, fo that it was |>lain the place
was inhabited. Mr. Danks going out in his boat for
the purpofe of fhooting, killed fome of the Port Eg-
mont hens, which were like thofe found on the ifle of
Faro, and the firft that they had feen upon this coaft.
A poiit of land was obferved on Sunday the 25th in
lat. 45" 35 fouth, to which Captain Cook gave the
CapeSaunocrs name itfCtipe Saunders, in honour of Admiral Saunders.
They kept oft' from the Ihore, which appeared to be
interfperfed with trees, and covered with green hills,
but no inhabitants were difcovered.

On the 4th of March, feveral whales and feals were
feen j and, on the qth they faw a ledge of rocks, and
foon af' r another ledge at three leagues diftance from
the fhore, which they pafl'ed in the night to the north-
ward, and at day-break obferved the others under
their bows which was a fortunate cfcape ; and in con-
fideration of their having been fo nearly caught among
thcfe, thty were denominated the Trafs. 'I hey called
the fouthcrnmoft point of land, the South Cape, and
found it to be the fouthern extremity of the whole
coaft. Proceeding northward, the nextday they fell in
with a barren rock about fifteen miles from the main
land, which was very high, and appeared to be about
a mile in circumference 5 and this they denominated
Solander's Ifland.

They difcovered a bay containing feveral idands,
on the 13th where they concluded if there was depth
of water, fliipping might find fheltcr from all winds.
Dujky Buy was the appellation given to it by the cap-
tain, and five high peaked rocks, for which it was
remarkable, caufed the point to be called Five Fingers.
The weftcrnmoft point of land upon the whole coaft,
to the Southward of Dufky Bay, they called IVeftCape.
The next day they palfcd a linall narrow opening,
where there fecmtd to be a good harbour formed by
an ifland, the land behind which exhibited a profpedt
of mountains covered with fnow. They palTed a point
on the i6tli which confifled of high, red clift's, and
received the name of Cafiade Point, on account of fe-
veral Irnall ftreams which fell down it. In the morn-
ing of the liith the valleys were obferved covered with
7

Trjp».
Siouili C.ipr,

Dulky Biy.

Five Finr;crs
Weft Cjpc.

CifcfrioPoinl.

fnow as well as the mountains, ^'hich feemed to hove
fallen the night before, when they had rain at (ca.
Thus they paflcd the whole north-weft coaft of Tovcy
Pocnamoo, which had nothing worth the ubiervation
of our voyagers but a ridge of naked and barren rocks
covered with fnow, fome of which they conjeitlurcd
might probably have remained there ever fnice the
creation. As far as tlie eye could reach, the prof-
pedts were in general wild, craggy, and defolatej
fcarcely any thing but rocks to be li;cn, the mott of
which Dr. Hawkef»orth dcfcribes as having nothing
but a kind of hollows, and dreadful fiflurcs inftead of
valleys between them. From this uncomfortable
country they determined to depart, having failed
round the whole country, by the 27th of this month.
Captain Cook therefore went on fliore in the long-
boat, and having found ri place proper for mooring
the (hip, and a good watering-place, the crew began
to fill their calks, while the carpenter was employed
in cutting wood. 'I'hc captain, Mr. Banks, and
Dr. Solandcr, went in the pinnace to examine the
bay, and the neighbouring country. Landing there,
they found feveral plants of a fpecies v.hich was be-
fore unknown to them ; no inhabitants appeared ;
but they faw feveral huts which feemed to have been
deferted a long time before : all the wood and water
being taken on board, the vclFel was ready to fail by
the time that they returned in the evening, and ic
was now refolvcd at a council of war to ftcer for the
coaft of New Holland, in the courfe of their return
by the way of the Eaft Indies.

They took their departure on the 31ft of March,
from an caftern point of land, to which they gavep, p,^ j
the name of Cafe Farnvel, denominating the bay out
of which they {sW^A, Admiratty Bay, and two capes •^•'"''"''y
Cape Stephens, and Cape Jackftn, (the names of the two ?,"^^' (^ .
fecretaricsof the Admiralty Doard. ) They called a bay (jjpc |ackfon.
between the ifland and Cape Farcwcl, Blind Ba\,
which was fuppofed to have been the fame that was'*''"'' "'J''
called Murderers Bay, b: Tafman, the firft difcovcrer
of New Zealand, but though he named it Statcn
Ifland, wilhing to take pofl'elKon of it for the States
General, yet bein^^ attacked here by the Indians he
never went on (hore to cftcdl his purpofe. Of this
coaft, now more accurately examined by ourEnelifh
voyagers and difcovered to confift of two iflands,* wc
have the following account.

" They arc fituate between the 34th and 48th deg.
of fouth latitude, and between 181" and 194" well
longitude. The northern ifland is called Eahieno-
mauwee, and the fouthern is named Tovy Pocnamoo,
by the natives.

" The former, though moimtainous in fome
places, is ftorcd with wood, and in every valley there
is a rivulet. The foil in 'hofc valleys is light, but
fertile and well adapted for the plentiful production of
all the fruits, plants and corn of Europe. Fhefummer,
though not hotter, is in general of a more equal tem-
paraturc than in England) and from the vegetables
that were found here it was concluded, that the winters
were not fo fe\ ere. The only quadrupedes that were
difcovered were dogs and rats, and of the latter very
few, but the former the inhabitants (like thofe of
Otaheite) breed for food. There are feals and whales
on the coaftsi, and the Englifli once fiw a fea-lion.
The birds are hawks, owls, quails, and fome melodi-
ous fong birds. There are ducks, and (hags of feve-
ral (orts, like thofe of Europe, and the gannct, which
is of the fame fort. AlbetroiTes, (heerwatcrs, penguins,
and pintados, alfo vifit the coaft. The infedls found
here are, butterflies, fle(h-flies, beetles, fand-flies,
and mufquitos.

" Tovey Pocnamoo is barren and mountainous,
and appeared to be almoft dcftitute of inhabitants.

" The fea that wafhcs thefe iflands abounds with
delicate and wholefume fi(h. Whenever the velFel

* It was before thoujjlit to be I pan of the foutlicro caiii*
nent fo roucli fought after.

ihava
c lea.
i'ovcy
'atiaa
rocks
Aund
•e the

prof-
olate i
loit of
)thiiij;
eail ot
)r«abl«

failed
nontli*
; long-
ooring
' began
iployid
.s, and
ine the
r there,
^as bt-
pearcd ;
ve betn
d water

fail by

and it

for the
■ return

March,

ley gavCcptF.mwl.
bay out
vo capes A.lni.r.lty

the two j.^^,j sccphens
ed a bay cajK lackfoo.

i^ltt;"""^"^.

ifcovcrer
t Statcii
»e States
dians he
Of this
nglifh
we

.8 th dcg.

." weft

hieno-
cnamoo,

fome
cy there
;ht, but
i£lion of
ummer,
lal tem-
getables

winters
lat were

tcr very

tliofe of

I whales

>a-lion.

niclodi-

of (e\C'

, which

nguins,

i found

lid-flies,

|iinous,
Ints.
Ids with
|e veflet
came

CAPTAIN COOlv.

2^5

ntne to an anchor, enough were caught with hook
and line only, to fupply the whole (hip's company ;
and when they fifhed with nets, every mcfs in the
fhip, where the people were indullrious, failed as
much as fupplicd them ibr fevcral weeks. There WLie
many forts of filh here which tlicy had never belorc
feen, and which the failors named according to their
fancies. They were fold on moderate terms to the
crew : among the red, fifli like thj fkatc, eels, confers,
oylkrs, flatlifti rtllnibling foles and floundtr^,
cockles, and various forts of mackarel were found in
abundance upon the coaK,

" Here are forcfts abounding with trees producing
large, ftrait and clean timbor. One tree, about th^
fize of our oak, was diftiiiL'uiflicd by a fcai let flower,
tumpofed of feveral fibres, and another wliich
grows in fwampy ground, very ftrait and tall, bear-
in;; fmall bunches of berries, and a leaf reltmblini;
11. it of the yew-tree. About 400 fpecies of plants
Wire found, all of which are unknown in Englaml,
except gaiJcn nlgl't-(hadc, fow-thlftic, two or thrtc
kinds of fern, and one or two forts of grafs. They
found wild ctlerv, nnd a kind of crcft'es, in great
ibuiidnnce, on the li.i Ukmc j 'iid of eatable plants
r-if.l by tuliiv.'.iicn, only toteas, yams, and fAttl
pui.'.tocs. There i:: jjlantations ot many acres of
tlufc y.iiiis and potatoes. The iiili.ibit ints likewifc
cuhiv.ni' th' gourd; ami tlie Cliiii'-Me paper uuilljciry-
trec is to be found, but in no abund.^ncc.

•' There is onlv one flirub or tree in the country
which produces fruit, which is a kind of berry almotl
taflelcis ; but they h.ivc a plant \\hith nnlwer-; all th
ufts of hemp and tV.ix. There .1. l- two kinds ot tins
plant, tlie leaves o( one of v\hich are yellow, and the
o'Jura deep red, and both of tlii.m refemblc the leaves
of flac;':. Ot' thcfe leaves they make lines and coid-
age, and much Itronger than any thin^ of the kind in
Lurope. Thefe leaves they lilvew ill fplit intobreadths,
and tying the flips together, form their lifliing nets,
'I'beir common apparel, by a fimple procel'i, is made
from the leaves, and their finer, by another prepara-
tion, is made from the fibres. This plant is found
both in high and low ground, in dry mould and in
deep bogs ; but as it grows largcft in the latter, that
feems to be Its proper foil.

" The natives here are as large as the largefl Eitro-
peans. Their complexion is brown, but little more fo
th.an that of a Spaniard. They are full of flcfti, but
not lazy and luxurious ; and are ilout and well fliaped.
7'he women poflefs not that delicacy, which diftin-
guiflies the Luro|>can ladies ; but their voice chiefly
didinguiflies them from the men. The men arc ac-
tive in a high degree j their hair is bl.ick, and their
teeth are white and even. The features of both fexcs
arc tegular ; they enjoy perfect health, and live to an
ailvanced age. It is faid they appeared to beot a gen-
tle difpofition, and treat each other with the utmoft
kindnefs : but they arc perpetually at war, every little
diftriift being at enmity with all the reft. 'J"liis is
owing mort probably, to the want of food in fufli-
cient quantities at certain times. As they have nei-
ther black cittlc, iheep, hogs, nor goats ; fo their
chief food was fifh, which being not always to be had,
they are in danger of dying through hunger. They
ha . e a few dogs ; and when no fifli is to be gotten,
they have only vegetable^, fuch as yams and potatoes,
to feed on ; and if by any accident thefe fail them,
their fituation muft be deplorable. Notwithftanding
the cuftoni of eating their enemies, the circumftances
and temper of thele people is defcribed to be in fa-
vour of tholo who might fettle among them as a co-
lony.

" The inhabitants of New Zealand, are as modcft
and referved in their behaviour and cduverfation as
the moft polite nations of Europe. The women, in-
deed, were not dead to the fofter imprcflions j but
their mode of confent was in their idea as harmlefs as
the confent to marriage with us, and equally binding
for til'- ftipulatcd time. If any of the Engliftt ad-
drclU'd one of their women, he was informed, that the
Vol.. I. N' 18.

confent of her friends muft be obtained, which ufually
followed, on his making a pr,.fi.nt. This dune he
was obliged to tuat his t..'mporjry wile as ikhduy
as we do in Kn^l.iiul. A gentlcm.in who f.uled in the
Endeavour, h.iviiig addrefled a family ot fome rank,
reccivid an anlwer, of which the follow iii" is art ex-
aift tr.mn itioii. " Any ot thcfe young T.u!ies will
" think themlllvts honoured by your addrelTes, but
" you muft firlt make me a prefent, and you muft
" then come and flecp with us on ftiore, for tlay-
" light muft by no means be a wi'nefsof what pallc9
" between vou."

" Thcfe Indians anoint their hair with oil mcltid
from the fit of h!h or birds. 'i"he poorer people ulu
that which is rnncid, fo th it tlicy fmell-very difagrcc-
able ; but tli'ifj of fu, . ior r;;i k n ke mio ot that
which is liilh. Thev wear comb . j'.h ot bone and
wool, whith i- ci .uidercd as an i.imcnt v h"n f^.uk
upright in the hair. The 'ue" tie their hai: ;:■, a
bunch on the crosMi of "H iv .J, aiul adorn it with
fcuhtrs of birds, whicii th( y iikewife fometimcs place
on each fide of tli 1 n^plf s. They con.monly wear
Ihort beards. Tl'.- ii.iii of the women fon.Ltimia flows
over the IhoiiK'.is, and (ometiines is cut ftiort. holh
fexcs, but the men more than the wuinn, mark their
bodiis with Hack ftains, called Amuco. Ingcn.r.il
the women Ibiii cn!y thi.- lips, but foinctimts mark
ctlier parts with llack ;>atches : the m<n on the con-
traiy put on .vlditioual marks from year to year, lb
that thiile who are verv ancient are almoft covered.
Exciufive cl the amoco, they mark tlKn,('il\cs with
t'unorts, 'I'hofe furroNv 3 make ahideou- .ippeai.mcc,
the edges being indtiittd, aiul the whole quite black.
The ornaments of the lace are drawn in the fpiral
form with equal elegance and correctiul^, both checks
being marked exaiftly alike; while paintings on their
bodies refembic fillagree work, and the fi'liage in old
chafed ornaments ; but no two faces or bodies arc
painted exactly ; Iter the fame model. The people of
New 2^ealand frequently lelt the breech free from
thcfe marks; which the inhabitants of Otaheite ad-
orned beyond any other. Thefe Indians likewifc
paint their bodies by rubbing them with red oker,
either dry or mixed with oil.

•' Their drefs is formed of the leaves of the flag
fplit into flips, which are interwoven and made into
a kind of matting, the ends, which are feven or eight
inches in length, hanging out on the upper fide. One
piece of this matting being tied over the fhoulders,
reaches to the knees : the other piece being wrapped
round the waift falls almoft to the ground. Thefe
two pieces arc faftened to a ftring, which by merns of
a bodkin of bone is palled through, and tacks them to-
gether. The men wear the lower garment only at
particular times.

" They have two kinds of cloth bcfides the coarfi;
matting or ftiag above-mentioned ; one of which is
as coarfe, but beyond all proportion ftronger than
the Englifti canvas ; the other which is formed of
the fibres of a plant, drawn into threads which crofs
and bind each other, refembles the matting on which
we place our difties .at table.

" They make borders of different colours to both
thcfe forts of cloth, rcfemhiiiig girls famplers, and
finilhed with greit ncatnels and elegance. What they
confider as the moft ornamental part of their drefs is
the fur of dogs, which they cut into ftripes, and few
on difterent parts of their apparel. As dogs are not
plenty, they difpofe thefe ftripes withoeconomy. They
have a few drclfes ornamented with feathers ; and one
man was fccn covered wholly with thofc of the red
parrot.

" The women never tie their hair on the top of
their head, nor adorn it with feathers ; and are lefs
anxious about drefs than the men. Their lower gar-
ment is bound tight round them, except when they
i;o out fiihing, and then they arc careful that the men
Uiall not fee them, it once happened that fome of
the ftiip'scrcw furprifed them in this fituation, when
fome of them hid thcmfelves among the rocks, and
lihh tfa9

T-'-^— - ■; ■^.TT."' CTSiiTT* "

206

THE VOYAGE OF

ll-.e n-ft kept tiK'lr bodies unilcr water till tlicy hail
liiinuj .1 fiirJlf and i'pnm of wceils ) and their
w'.iuIl' b.'li.u ioiir inanit'uilcd the molt rcliiicd ideas ol'
k-inale iiuiiIcUy.

" lln; carsol' both fixes Were bored, and the holes
llr^lclvd fi) as to aJmit a man's finger. 'Ihe oriia-
ncnlMii their earsarefcathcis, cloth, bones, and fonle-
times bits if uoodj a great many of thtin made iite
of the nail-; w hith were given them by the Lii'^lilh,
for tliis purpofe, and the women lometlmes ailuriietl
their I ars « ith white down of the albctrofs, whieh they
fpiead heiorc and behind the hole in a lari;e bunch.
'I'liev I'kewil'e huni; to tlieir ears by llriiii_js, ehilTels,
boJkin^, the teetli of dot.s, and the teeth and nails of
their diXwafed friends. The arms and ancles of the
women are adorned witli fhells and bones, or any
thing elfe through which they can pals a liring. The
men we;ir a piece of ,^iien talc or whalebone, with the
rcl'embl.incc of a man carved on it, hangin;; to a (fring
'• reiin.! tlie neck. 'Iliry faw one man wIid had the
grill'.e of his nofe pinlmated, and a feather pafl'ed
throu';h it, projcctin;; over eacli cheek.

" I'hile ]ieople ihew lels ingenuity in the llruc-
turo of their hoiifes, than in any thin;: elfe bclong-
injr to them ; they are fiom fixtecn to tv.tntv-fuiir
fter .'cinL', ten or twelve wiile, and fix or ei^ht in
height. The frame is of ni!;ht ilicks of wood, and
the w illj and roof are mjde of dry ijrafs prettv (irmlv
compacted. Some of them are lineil with bark of
trees, and the ridge ot the hout'e is loinied by a pole
which runs from one end to the other. The door is
only lii^;h enough to admit a perl'on crawling on
hands an 1 knees, and the roof is Hoping. 'I'lierc is
a I'tjuare hole near the door, ferving both for window
and chinmey, near which is the hre-placc. A plank
is placed over the door, adorned with a fort of carv-
jiur, and this they confider as an ornamental piece
ot tiirnittire. Tiie fule-walls and rof projecting two
or three feet beyond the walls at each t-nd form u fort
of portRO where benches are placed to fit on. The
fire is made in the middle of a hollow fiiuare in the
floor, which is inclofid \\ith wood or Hone. They
flcep near the walls, where the ground is covered
With llraw for their beds. Some who can afford it,
whofe families arc larj;e, have three or four houfes,
incluled in their court-yard. J heir clothes, arms,
fcatheis, fonic ill-made tools, and a ehel)', in which
all thele are depofited, form all the furniture of thf
iiilide of tlie hoiife. 'I'hcir hammersto beat tern-root,
j»'iurds to hold water, and balkets to contain provi-
Jions, are placed without the houfe. One houfe was
found near 40 feet lonsr, 20 wide, and 14. high. Its
fides were adorned with carved planks of workinan-
lliip fiipirior to the reft ; but tlw building appeared
to have been left iinlinifiicd."

'I'b'iugli the [xoplc flcep warm enough at home,
the) fecm to defpife the incleniencv of the weather,
Rh;ii thev go in fearch of tifh or fern-root^. Sonie-
times indeed, they place a fmall defence to windward,
but frecpicntly llecp uiidieficd with their anus placed
round iheni, without the lead ftielter whatever.

Jiefidi , the fern-mot, which fervcs them lor bread,
they feed on albetndres, penguins, and lome other
birJ . Wliariver they eat is either roalkd or baked,
as they have no velFel in which water can be boiled.
1 he I'.iigliih laM' no plantations of cocoas, potatoes,
and yani'^.to the fouthwaid, though there v^•ere many in
the northern pnrt5. The natives drink no other li-
ijuor than water, and enjoy perfecl and iiiiinterruptid
health. AVhen wounded in battle, the Wound heals
in a very ihor^t time without the applicatirm of me-
dicine ; anil the very old people carry no other mark
of decay about them than the lofs of cheir hair, and
teeth, and a fiiliirc of their mufcular ftrength : — but
enjoy an cipial (hare of health and chcarfulnifii with
Ihe youii.^elf.

'I he canors of tliis country are not unlike the
whal'. -b'l.its of Ncw-Kiisland, being long and narrow.
The larger liirt feem to be built for war, and will hold
frv ui j<j to i;c men. Oat ef thefc at Tolaga racii-

lured near 70 feet in lenirth, fix in width, and foUf
in depth. It was fharp at the bottom, and conhfh-d of
three lengths, about two or three inchis thick, and tied
hrmly together with ftrong plaiting j each iide wai
found of one entire plank, about twelve inches broad,
and about an inch and a half thick, which was fitted
to the bottom part with eqijal ftrength and ingenuity.
Several thwarts were laid from one fide to the other,
to which they were liecurely faitened, in order to
ftrengthcn the canoes.

Some few of their canoes at Mercury-B.ty and O'
poorage, are all made entirely of one trunk ot wood,
which is made hollow by fire ; but by far the greate.
part are built after the plan above defcribcd. The
Ihiallir boats which are ufed chiefly in filhing, are
adorned at head and Hern with the ligure of a man,
the eyes of which arc c ompofcd of white (hells ;—
a tongue of enormous fize, is thruft out of the
mouth, and the whole face a pidlure of the mod
abfolutc deformity. The grander canoes, which are
intended for war, are ornamented with open work,
and covered with fringes of black feathers, which
gives the whole an air of perfett elegance i the fidc-
boards which arc carved in a rude manner, are embeU
lifhed with tufts of white feathers.

Thefc vellels are rowed with a kind of paddles,
between five and fix feet in length, the blade of which
is a long oval, gradually decreafmp till it reaches the
handL- ; and the velocity with which they row with
thcfe paddles is very furpriling. Their fails are
cinnpofed of a kind of mat or netting, which is ex-
tended between two upright poles, one of which is
fixed on each fide. 'j'wo ropes, faftened to the top
of e.ich pole, ferve inftead of theets. 1 he vefiels are
iK-ered by two men having fuch a paddle, and fitting
in the ftcrn ; but they can only fail before the wind,
in which direi^fion they move with confiderable fwift-
ncl's.

Thcfe Iiu'.ians ufc axes, adzes, and chilTels, with
which li.(l they iikewife bore holes. The chiiiels aro
made of jafpcr, or of the bone of a man's arm ; their
axes and adzes of a hard black (lone. They ufe their
fmall jafper tools till they arc blunted, and then
throw them away, having no inltrumcnt to (harpen
them with. The Indians at Tolaga having bieen
prefentcd with a piece of glafs, drilled a hole through
it, and hung it round the neck. A fmall bit of jaf-
per was thought to have been the tool they uie in dril-
ling it.

Their tillage of the ground is excellent, owing to
the neceflity they are under of cultivating or running
the rifque of ftarving. At 'I'egadoo their crops were
juft put into the ground, and the furface of the field
was as I'mooth as a garden, the roots were ranged in
regular lines, and to every root there remained a hil-
lock. A long narrow (lake, (harpened to an edge
at bottom, with a piece fixed acrol's a little above it,
for the convenience of driving it into the ground with
the foot, fupplics the place both of plough and fpade.
The foil being light, their work is not very laborious,
and with this intfrument alone they will turn up
ground of fix or ftven acres in extent.

The kine, the large net whicii has been already
noticed, is produced by the united labour, and is pro-
b,d)lv the joint property of a whole town. Their
fifh-liooks are of (hell or bone j and they have balltcts
of wicker-work to hold the fifti. 'i'hcir warlike wea-
pons arc fpears, darts, battle-axes, and the patoo-
patuu. 'Ihe fpe.ar, which is pointed at each end, is
about fixteen feet in length, and they hold it in the
middle, lo that it is difficult to parry a pufh from it.
Whether they fight in boats or on (hore the battle is
hand to hand, fo that they muft make bloody work
of it. They triift chiefly in the patoo-patoo, which
is faftened to their wrifts, by means of a ftrong (trap,
that it may not be wrefted out of their hands. Thefe
arc worn in the girdles of people of a fuperior rank,
as a military ornament. They have a kind of (lafF
of diftinclion, which is carried by the principal war-
riors. It it formed of a whulc's rib, is quite white,

and

Captain cook.

iof

s, with
iVcls aro
their
fe their
d then
fharpen
been
hrough
of jaf-
in dril-

lalrcadv

1 is pro-

Thcir

Ibafkcts

Lc wea-

Ipatno'

);nd, is

in the

Irom it>

lattle is

work

I which

(trap,
iThefe

rnnk.
If ftaft'

II war-
Iwhite,

and

*ll(t aJoriied- with carvinn;, feathers, ami the hair of
tlicir dogs i and thcv lunictimci: carriij a fHck fix
feet long, iiiluid with lli'li', ami othcrwifc adorned
like the military ll.itt. This lionoiirablc markof dif-
tinttiuii was coinmoiily borne by the old men.

When they came to .utack. the En'j,li(h, there was
wfually one or more thus diltiniiuilhed in rach canoe.
It \v.is their cullum to Hop at ;ibout 50 or 60 yards
didancc fron\ the Ihip, when the conim.indiiig <>ffictr
arifmp;, and putting on a dog-(kin garnicnt, uled to
direct them how to proceid. AVhen tli.y were too
far from the (hip to reach it with itoncs or Imces,
they uled to cry out in their lan;^,iia!;c, " Come on
fliorc to us, and we will kill you all w'.th our patoo-
patoos."

While they threatened thus, they approached the
veflil, yet talking in a peaceable ni inner at intervals ;
but afterwards, fuppofinq the Knt^lilh to be alraul ol
them, they renewed their nunaets, and rji engnge-
ment grmrally terminated the matter, in wliiih tlity
were repulfed by the fupcrior arms of ihuir European
advcrfaries.

When thcfe favngts exhibit their war dance, all
their limbs arj diftor'ted, and their faces drawn into
various contortions. Their 101. ^ues hangout ot their
Mouths, r.nd their eyi -lids are di a* n 111 inch a man-
ner as to form a eiicle round the eye. At the fame
time they (h.ike their darts, br.indifli their ipears, and
wave their pntoo-patoos. A l.^ng accompanies this
dance, which foil!' is fun / in ..oncert, adeepligh end-
ingevery Itan/a. ' In this dance they arc very active;
and it is gem rail" ibi"; ved that they have juft ideas of
keeping time to inuiic ; as an inftance of which, we
are (old that (ixty or ci ;hty paddles will ftrike at once
againft the fides of their canoes, and like the liringof
regular foldiers, one report only will be heard fiom the
whole number. In times of peace they fometimes
fing the war fong j but the dance is omitted : the wo-
men (inglikewife in a melodious but mournful drain.
A (hell which produces a found rcfemblingthat of the
common horn, and a pipe of no more compafs than a
child's whilUc, are their inftruments of niufic. The
following defcription will conduce to give the reader
ajuft idea of thefe people. —

Their hippahs or villages, of which there are fevc-
ral between the bay of Plenty and Cijieen Charlotte's
Sound, are all fortified. It is in thele that the inha-
bitants of thofe parts conftantly rcfide, but near To-
laga, Hawk's Bay, and Poverty Hay, there are no
towns, only fiiigle houfcs being feen, at a confider-
able diftance from each other. On the fides of the hills
were difcovercd long (tages, fupplied with darts and
Hones ; and thefe were concluded to be intended for
retreats in time of danger 1 as it appeared that from
fuch places they could combat their enemies to great
advantage. A fort of magazine of provifions, con-
fiftingof dried fi(h, and fern roots, was found in thefe
fortifications.

It appeared that the inhabitants of this part of the
country were fubject to Teratu, who refided near
the Bay of Plenty, and being thus united under a
fingic chief, they enjoyed a fecurity unknown to the
inhabitants of theothcr partsof the country. There
were feveral inferior governors in Teratu's domi-
nions, to whom the moft implicit obedience was paid.
Oiie of the inhabitants having robbed the Englifh,
complaint was made to a chief, who chalUfed him by
kicking and ilriking him, while the thief bore his
punifhment v.'ith unrefiffing humility.

The inhabitants of theVouthcrn parts appeared to
lie co-partners in their filhing-nets and fine apparel.
The latter, which probably was obtained in war,
were kept in a little hut, dUtincd for that ufe, in the
centre of the town, and the feveral parts of the nets,
being made by ditFerent families, were afterwards
joined together for the common ufe. The gentlemen
imagined that the employment of the men confifted
in cultivating the ground, making nets, catching
birds, and filhin^, while the women were engaged in
weaving cloth, procurinji fern roots, and ihelf fiih,
6

and drefling food. With regard to religion, th.^y nc-
knowleilu;ed one fiiperior being, ami llvu:il fuliuidi-
nate. Their mode of wordiip couM net he learned j
nor was any plnce proper for that puipofe to bi fccn.
There was iiidi-cd, a lni:'ll ri)uare au.i, cncomp fled
with ftones, in the middle of v, hicli hung a liifKct of
krn rocts on one jf tlKii fpadcs. This they faid was
ottered to the gods, in hopes of a plentiful cn-pof
provilions. The inhabitants of the luuthern diflrict
laid they difpofed of their dead by threiwi; ' 'hem into
the f;a j but thofe of the northward, buried thtnt
in the ground. Our adventunrs hov/c . .r law not
tht; Icilt fign of any grave or monnmtnt; but the
body of aliiK H every inhabitant bore the marks of
wounds which th.y iiad gi\n their fe-Kc:, in token of
^ricf for the lof;. of th'.-ir Iriends i.nA relatieMis. Some
of tlie fears were newly made, wliich is 11 proof that
their friends h.id died while llu' (hip's ciew were tlierej
Vi t no one faw any thing like a hiner.il, as thofe iflaiul-
111 conceal every thing rtlpeiiting the dead, with the
utiiioll caution. A great fimilitude was obferved be-
tween the drefs, furniture, boats, and nets, of the
New Zealanders, and thole e>f the inhabitants of the
.South Sea lAands, which furnifhed a ftrong proof that
the common anceftors of both were nati\esof the
fame country. Indeed the inhabitants of thefe difter-
ent places have a tradition, that their anceftors origi-
nated from another country many years fince j anel
they both agree, that this country was called //ran7]ff.
But perhaps a yet (Wronger proof that their origin
was the fame, will arife from the fimilitude of theif
language, of which the following n a fpecimcn.

yf womatit
People.
The hair.
The /irsw.
The Eyes.
The nofe.
Thecheeiu
Tht belly.
Tl>e nave!,
Ccmt hither
Cocoas,
On*.
Turn
Tlnee.
F:ur.
Seven,
Nine.
The teeth.

The vcfiel left Cape Farewell on the 3iftof March,
1770, and had fine weather and a fair wind, till
the gth of April, when they faw a tropic bird, in
the latitude of 38' 29' fouth, a fight very unufiial in
fo high a latitude. On the 15th, they faw an egg
bird, and a gannet ; and on the following day a finall
land-bird perched on the rigging, from which they
concluded they were near the land j but they found no
ground at 120 fathom. On the iSth, in the morn-
ing, they faw a Pintado bird, and/ome Port-Egmont
hens, an infallible fign that land was not very dillant ;
at fix o'clock in the morning of the I gth, they dif-
coycred land four or five leagues dillant, the fouthern-
moft part of which was called Point Ilich, in compli- Point Hicki*
incnt to Mr. Hicks, the firft lieutenant, who made
the difcovery of it. At noon they difcovercd another
point of the fame land, rifing in a round hillock,
extremely like the Ram-Hcad at the entrance of Ply- _ „
mouth Sound, for which reafon Captain Cook gave ^'^
it the fame name. What they had yet feen of the
land was low and even, and the inland parts were
green, and covered with wood. They now faw three
water fpouts at the fame time, one of which con-
tinued a qu.uter of an hour ; at fix in the evening the
northernmoft point of the main land, which was di-
(knt about two leagues, was named Cupi Hmt. On Cipt Howi.
the (vUowing day they had a dillant view of the coun-

Alftti Zealand.

Otaheite.

Whahine,

Alieine,

Taatn,

Tata,

Hcoo-00,

Eroowroo,

Erai,

Irai,

Mata,

Matau,

Aheioh,

Eahoo,

Paparinga,

Paparea,

Ateraboo,

Eobo,

Apeto,

Pito,

Hcromai,

Harremai,

Taro,

Tahai,

Tohe,

Rua,

Rooa,

Torou,

Torhoo,

Ha,

Etu,

Hitoo,

loa.

Henealio,

Eneeho,

"y.

"^^^

jc8

THE VOVAGEOF

'77"

Picron-IIoufc

I.on

try, which was in gcner;il covtrcJ with wond, and in-
terfperfed with fevcriil finall lawns. It appeared to
be inhabited, as fmokc was fcen in le-vcral places. At
four 'clock the next morning they law a high moun-
MnuntDro- tain, which, from its Ihape, they cn\]u\ Mounl Drtr

"viiu'Dtome-''''"'''''^' ""''" ^^"^^ '•''^f*-' 'S =1 point whidi received

rijfj^. the name of PwH/ Dmmtilary. In the evenin;^ they

„. . ., were oppofitc a point of land which rofc pcrpindicu-

Fo,ntLrnj;i>t|,^^ and was called Point UMight, On Sunday the

22d, they were fo near the fliorc, as to fee fcvcfal of

the inluibitants on the coalt, 'wlio were of a very dark

complexion, if not pcrfii!:t ncgros. At noon they

faw a remarkably pecked hill, to which the captain

gave the name of the Pigtm-Houfe, from its refem-

blanccof luch a building. The trees on this idand

wi-rc both tall and large, but they faw no place fit to

gi.e flielter even to a boat.^

" I'iie captain, (lays our author) gnve the namcCa^r
Garge to a point of land difcovercd on St. George's
day, two leagues to the north of which the fca formed
a b:'y, whicli, from its fliape, was called LongNoft;
c'yht leagues from wlilch lies Red Point, fo called from
till- I o!our of the foil in its neighbourliood. On the
271)1 ih.y fawfcveral of its inhabitants walking along
thi, lliore, fourof them carryingacanoeon their ihoul-
dcrs, but as they did not attempt to come off to the
Ihip, fhc Captain took Mcllrs. Banks and Solander,
and Tupia in the yawl, and employed four men to
row thiin to that part of the (hore where they faw
the naiivc., nfar whicli four fmall canoes laid dole
in land. J'he Indians fa^on the rocks till the yawl
I ji was a quarter of a mile from the (horc, and then they

ran away into the woods. The furf beating violently
on the beach, prevented the boat from landing; the
gentlemen were therefore obliged to make what ob-
fervations they could at a diftancc. The canoes
relcmbled generally the fmaller fort of tliofe of New
Zealand. They faw a great number of cabbage
trees on fticre ; the other trees were of the palm kind,
anil there was no underwood amonp; them. At five in
the evening they returned^to the (hip, and a light
breeze fpringing up, they, failed to the northward,
where they difcovered fcviral people on fliore, who,
on their approach, retired to an eminence, foon after
which two canoes arrived on the fliorc, and four men,
who came iji them, joined the others. 'I'he pinnace
having been ftnt a-head to found, arrival near the
fpot where the Indians had ftationcd themlirlves, on
which one of tlKni hid himfulf among the rocks near
the landiiig-plaie, and tho others retreated fartjier up
thchill. I'iie pinnace keeping along fliorc, the In-
dians walked near in a line with her ; they were armed
with long pikes, and a weapon refembling a fcymitar,
and, by various figns and words, invited the boat's
crew to land ; thofe who did not follow the boat, hav-
ing obfcrved the approach of the ftiip,- brandifticd
their weapons, and threw themfclves into threaten-
ing attitudes. The bodies, thighs, and legs of two of
thefe, were painted with white ftreaks, and their faces
were almoft covered with a white powder. They talked
together with great emotion, and each of them held
one of the above-mentioned woaporis. The (hip having
come to an anchor, they obferved a few huts, in which
were fomc of the natives; and faw fomc canoes, in
each of which was a man employed in (trikingfifli
with a kind of fpear. They had anchored oppofite a
village of about eight houlcs, and obferved an old
woman and three children come out of a wood, laden
with fuel for a fire; they were met by three (mailer
children, all of whom, as well as the woman, were
iju'tr; naked. The old woman frequently looked at
the (hip with the utniofi: inditlcrence, and, as foon as
(he had made a fire, the filhcrmcii brought their ca-
noei on fliorc, and they fet about drcfling their din-
ner with as much coinpofure, as if a (hip had been no
extraordinary fight. Having formed a defign of land-
ing, they manned the boars, and took 'I upia with
them, and they had no fooner come near the (horc,
than two men advanced, as if to difpute their letting
foot on land. 'X'hey were each of them armed with

difFerenkkinds of weapons. They called out alouiflrt
.1 hjrfti tone, warra varr/iivai! the meaning oi which
Tiipia did not underltand. 'I'he captain t'liKw them
beads, nails, and other trifles, which they took up,
and feemed very well plcafed with. He then made
fignals that he wanted w .iter, and ufed every polhhle
means to convince them that jio injury was inteiidtd.-
'I'hey m.adc figns to the boat's crew to land, on
which they put the boat in, but they had no (ooncr
done fo, than the two Indians came again to oppofc
them, A mufquet was now fired between them, on
the report of which, one of them dropped a bundle
ot lances, which he immediately fnatchcd up again in
great hafte. One of them then threw a (lone at tho
boat, on which the captain ordered a nuifquct loaded,
with fmall (hot to be hred, which wounding thceldcft
of them on the legs, he retired haflily to one of tho-
houfcs, that itood at fomc litttlc dillancc. The
people in the bo.-its now landed, imagining that tha
wound which thisman had received would put an end'
to thccontcft. In this, however, they were miflaken,
for he imjncdiately returned with a kind cf (hitld, of.
an oval figure, painted white in the middle, with two
holes in it to fee througli. They now advanced with ■
great intrepidity, and both difchargal their lances at
the boat's crew, but did not wound any of them. ■
y\iiotlicr niufquet was fired at them, on which they
threw another lance, and then took to their heels. Tha
Knglilh now went up to the huts, in one of which they
found the children, who had fcciet.d themfelves be-
hind fomc bark. They looked at them, but left
them without its being known they had fecn t|)em,
and having thrown ftveral pieces ot cloth, ribb.inds, .
bcids, and other things into the hut, they took fcver.il .
of their lances, and then reimbarkcd in the boat.
The canoes on this coaft were about 13 feet in length, .
each made of the bark of a Angle tree, tied up at the-
ends, and kept open in the middle by the means of',
flicks placed acrofs them 5 their paddles were very >
fmall, and two were ufed at a time.

" They now failed to the north point of the bay, •
where they found plenty of frelh water. On taking a .
view of the hut where they had feen the children,-
they had the mortification to find that every Indian,
was fled, and that they bad left all the prtfents be-
hind them. The captain now went in the pinnace to-:
infpeCl the bay, and faw feveraJ of the natives, who.
all fled as he approached them. Some of the men :
having been lint to get wood and water, they no
fuoncr went on board todinner, than the natives came '
down to the place, and examined the cafks with great :
attention, but did not ofter to remove them. When •
the people were on (hore in the afternoon, about 20-
of the natives, all armed, advanced within a trifling
diflance of them, and then flopped, while two of
their number appro.ichcd ftill nearer. Mr. Hickii, •
the commanding officer on (hore, went towards them,
with prefcnts in his hands, and endeavoured, by every .
poffible means to aflure them of his fiiendly inten-
tions, but to no puipofe, for they retired before he.
came up to them. In the evening, Mefl'rs. Banks and
Solander, went with the captain to a cove north of -
the bay, where they caught between three and
four hundred weight ot fifh, at four hauls.

" On Monday the 30th, the natives came down to
the huts before it was light, and were repeatedly heard
to (hout very loud, and foon after day-break they were
fcen on the beach, but quickly retired about a mile,
and kindled feveral fires in the woods. This diiy fomc
of the (hip's crew being employed in cutting grafs at
a di((ancc from the main body, while the natives pur-
fued them, but flopping within fifty of fixty yards of
them, they (houtcd feveral times, and retreated to the
woods. In the evening they behaved exadtly in the
fame manner, when the captain followed them alone
and un-irmed for (bme time, but they ftill retired as
he approached. On Tucfday, May the firft, the fouth
point of the hay was nama' Suthei lantl Point, one oi im\m\t,ni
the fcamen, of the name of Sutherland, having died •'•"ni-
that day, who was buried on (horej and more prefcnts
7 , were

16.^-. % .sa

ing
of

L-kS,

leni,
very
ten-
he

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hof

and

bmc
Is at
)ur-

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the
the

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:(1 as

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[died Poim.

cnts
»crc

■ Jl

CAPTAIN COOK.

209

were left in the hutSi fuch as looking-eUnes, combs,

&c. but the former ones had not been taken away.

Making an cxcurfion about the country, they found
it agreeably variegated witii wood and lawn, the trees
being (trait and tall, and without underwood. The
country might be cultivated without cutting down
one of them. The grafs grows in large tuft», almoft
clofe to each other, and there is a great plenty of it.
In this cxcurfion they met with many places where
the inhabitants had flcpt without (hcltcr, but they faw
one man, who ran a*ay the moment they beheld them.
More prefenis wore left in their huts, and at thtir
fleepiiig-places, in hopes of producing a friendly in-
tercourfe. They faw the dung of an animal which
fed on grafs, and traced the foot-ileps of another,
which had claws like a dog, and was about the fixe
of a wolf: thcv alfo difcovcred the track of afmall
animal, whofe foot was like that of a pole-cat, and
faw one animal alive, about the fixe of a rabbit.
They found fomc wood that had been fclKd, and the
bark ftript off by the natives, and faw fcvcral grow-
ing trees, in which fteps had been cut, for the con-
venience of afccnding them. The woods abound with
a vaft variety of beautiful birds, among which were
cockatooes, and parroquets, which flew in large flocks.
The fecond lieutenant, Mr. Gore, having b^-rn with
a boat in order to drudge for oyfters, faw feme In-
dians, who made figns for him to come on (hore,
which he declined : Tiaving (iniflied his bufinefs, he
fent the boat away, and went by land with a midfhip-
man, to join the party that was getting water. In
their way they met with more than 20 of the natives,
who followed them lb clofe as to come within a few
yards of them ; Mr. Gore ftopped and faced them, on
which the Indiani flopped alfo, and when he pro-
ceeded again, they followed him ; but they ilid not at-
tack him, though they had each man a lance. The
Indians coming in fight of the water-caflcs, ftood at
the diftanceof aquarter of a mile, while Mr. Gore
and his companions reached their fhip-mates in fafety.
Two or three of the watercrs now advanced towards
the Indians, but obferving they did not retire, they
very imprudently turned about, and retreated haftily ;
this apparent fign of cowardice infpired the favagcs,
whodil'charged four of their lances at the fugitives,
which flying beyond them, they efcapcd unhurt.
They now ftopped to pick up the lances j on which
the Indians retired in their turn. At this inftant the
captain came up, with MeflVs. Banks and Solander,
and Tupia, advancing, made fi^ns of friendftiip ; but
the poor natives would not ftay their coming up to
them. On the following day they went acain on
fliore, where many plants were colleifled by Dr. So-
lander and Mr. Banks. They faw feveral parties of
the Indians, who all ran away on their approach.
Tupia havinj^ learnt to flioot, frequently flayed alone
to fliioot parrot?, and the Indians conftantly fled away
from him with as much precipitation as from the Eng-
lirti. On the 3d of May, fourteen or fifteen Indians,
in the fame number of canoes, were engaged inftriking
fi(h within half a mile of the watering-place. At
this time, a party of the /hip's crew were ihooting near
the fifhermen, one of whom Mr. Banks obfcrvcd to
haul up his canoe on the beach, and approach the
people who were fhooting. He watched their motions
unobfcrved by them, for more than a quarter of an
hour, then put ofl^ his boat and returned to his fifliing.
At this time the captain, with Dr. Solander and ano-
ther gcntlcrtian, went to the head of the bay to try to
f'Mm f jnic connexion with the Indians. On their
fiill landinj; thry found feveral of the Indians on fliorc,
wlio immediately retreated to their canoes, and rowed
off. riiey went up the country, where they found
the foil to be a deep black mould, which appeared to
bi- calculated for the produftion of any kind of grain.
They faw fome of the fineft meadows that were ever
beheld, and met with a few rocky places, the ftone of
which is famly, and feemed to be admirably adapted
for building. In the woods they found a tree bearing
cherries, if fliape and colour may intitlc them to
VuL. I. N" 19.

1769

that name, the juice of which was agreeably tsrt.

They now returned to their boat, and feeing a lire at * v—^

adiltancr, roAcd towards it; but the IiiJiajis flj I at
their coming near them. Near the l)c:;c!i they found
fcven canoes, and as many fires, from which they
judged that each fiflierman had diellld his own dinner.
There were oyftcrs lying on the fpot, and fomc muf-
cles roafting on the fire. They ate of thcfi; lilh, and
left thcnt lome beads and other trifles in re' urn.
riicy now returned to the fliip, and in the evening
Mr. Banks went out with his gun, and faw a great
number of quails, fome of which he {hot, and they
proved to be the fame kind as thole of England.

On the folli)wini;day a midlhipm^n havin;; flayed
from his companions, came fuddenly to an old in.in
and woman, and fomc children, who wrc fitting
naked under a tree together : they fcemcd afraid of
him but did not run away. The mrri .orcalor.g
beard, and both he and the woman were grey-hcaJvcI ;
but the woman's hair was cut (hort. This d.y like-
wife, two of another party met with fi,\ IiKli;:n3 cii
the border of a wood, one of whom calling out very
loud, a lance was tliro.vn from a wood, vvhich nar-
rowly miffed them. The Indians now ran off, and,
in looking round they faw a youth defccnd from a tree,
who had doubtlefs been placed there for the purpofc
of throwing the lance at ihcm. This day the c.;p-
tain went up the country on the north fide of the bay,
which he found to rcfcmblc the moory grounds of Eng-
land ; but the land was thinly covered with pl.ints
about 16 inches high. The hills rife gradually beliind
each other, for a confiJerable diftancc, and between
them is marlhy ground. Thofe who had been fent out
to filh this day, met with great fuccefs, and the fe-
cond lieutenant ftruck a hfli cnlled the Stingray,
which weighed near two hundred and fifty pounds.
The next morning a fifli of the fame kind was taken,
which weighed three hundred and fifty pounds. The
name of Jielany Bay was given to this place from the Botany Biy.
large number of plants colleftcd by Meflrs. Banks and
Sofander. This country proiluces two Kinds of wood
which may be deemed timber, one of which is tall .and
ftrait like the pine, and the other is hard, heavy, and
dark-coloured, like lignum vita ; it yields a red gum,
like dragon I bloody and bears fome refemblancc of
the Englifh oak. There are mangroves in abund-
ance, feveral kinds of palm, and a few (hrubs.
Among other kinds of birds, crows were found here,
exaiSly like thofe of England. There is great plenty
of water-fowls, among the flats of fand and mud ;
one of which is (haped like a pelican, is larger than a
fwan, and has bhack and tvhite feathers. Thcfe
banks of mud abound with cockles, mufcles, oyftcrs,
and other (hell-fifh, which greatly contribute towards
the fupportof the natives, who fometimes drefs them
on fhoie, and at other times in their canoes. They
likewifc caught many other kinds of fifh with hooks
and line.

While the captain remained in the harbour, the
Englifh colours were difplaycd on fhore, daily, and
the name of the fliip, with the date of tlio year, wa.s
carved on a tree near the place where they took in
their water.

They failed from Botany Bay on the 6th of Mny,
1770, at noon, when off a harbour, which thty called
Port Jachjh:, and in the evening, near a bay, to which Port TacVf.m.
they gave the name of Btcien Buy. The next day at l'ri>k'cii Ijiy.
noon, the northcrnmoft land in fight projci5led fo as
to juftify the calling it Cape Three Paints. On Wed- _^ ^^ _,
ncfday the 9th, they faw two exceeding beautiful j,^i'i5^;j_ '"°
rainbows, the colours of which were ftrong and lively,
and thofe of the inner one fo bright, as to roflce'^ its
Ihadow on the water. They formed a complete frn-.i-
circle, and the fpace between them was much darker
than the reft of the flcy. On Thurfilay they paflird a
rocky point, which was named A'ciV;/ 5rc/iA'ni. Next., . .^ ,
day they faw fmoke in feveral places on fhorc, and in '-'^••■'r ''"'
the evening they difeoverrd three remarkably high hills
near each other, which the captaiii named the T/r.v t\^,^c Rr»-
Brelhers. thcis,

III • ■ On

its

THE VOYAGE O

On Sunday ttif lyh, they faw the finokc of many
fires on a point of lanO, which w.\s thcreloru
called Smsiy Cape. As they procctilcd nortli-
ward, ffom Botany Btiyt the l.ind appeared high and
well covered with wood. On Tuefday mprningjby
the alliftancc of their glalTcs, they difcovcred about u
fcore of the Indians, each loaded with a bundle, ^\hieh
they imagined to be palm-leaves, to thatch their houlis.
They traced them for more than an hour, during wiiicli
time they took no notice of the fliip : at length they
left the beach, and were loft bthind a hill, which they
gained by a gentle afccnt. At noon the captain dil-
covcrcd a high point of land, which he called Capt
C«p« Byron. Byron. In the evening they perceived breakers at a
confiderablediftance from the Ihore, fo that they were
obliged to talk, and get into deeper water, which
having done, they lay with the head of the vcfl'cl to the
land till the next morning, when they were aftonifhed
to find themfclves f;icther to the fouthward than
they liad been the preceding evening, notwithftand-
ing they had a fouthcrly wind all night. In the
morning they pafled the breakers, near a peaked
mountain, which was named Mmnt I^'uming, and
the point off which they lay was called Point Danger.
The next day they faw more breakers, near a point
which wasdiftinguifhrd by the name o( Peliu Looieul,
fo the north of which lies a bay, which Captain Cook
called Moreton's Boy, and the north point Captain
Cook named Cape Atiutm. Near this place arc
three hills, which were called Th/ Glafs-Hiufts, from
the very ftrong refcmblaiice they bore to fuch build-
ings.

On the i8th they dcfcricd a point h unequal, that
it looks like two fmall idands lying under the land,
and it was thvrefore tailed Douhle IJland Point. At
noon, by the help of the glaflls, they difcovcred fome
fands, which lay in fpots of fevcral acres, which they
obft-rved were moveable, and that fome of them had
not long been in their prefent fituation, as they faw
trees half buried, and the tops of others ftill green,
likewife the naked trunks of fome that had been de-
flroycd by the fands. At this time two beautiful
water fnakcs fwam by the fhip, which feemed to be
diftinguiflicd from land-fnakes, only by their broad
and flat tails, which it was thought were ufcful to
tliem in fwimming. On the 19th they failed by a
point of land, on which a large number of Indians
were aiTembled, from whence it was called Indian
Head. They foon afterwards faw many more of the
natives, and obferved fmoke in the day-time, and fire
by night. The next day they faw a point, which

Wcmnt^Varn-
Point Danger,

^lorcton's

B..V.

Cape Moreton

GUfs Houfcs.

tViuble Ifland
Poinl.

toilian Head.

Sandy Cape-
Sruk Sea Spit

was named Sandy Cape, from two large trails of white
fand that were en it. They next palled a fhoal which
was called Break-Sea Spit, bccaufc they had now
fmooth water, after having long encountered a high
fea. They had for fome days part, ken the fca-birds,
called boobies, none of which they had met with be-
fore, and which, from half an hour before fun-r'fing,
to haJf an hour after, were continually pafling the
fliip in large flights, from which it was conjeiSurcd
that there was a river or inlet of fliallow water to
the fouthward, where they went to feed in the day,
returning in the evening to fome iflands to the north-
ward. In honour of Captain Harvey, this bay was
B«iT;;Biij. called HarVfy Bay.

On the 22d, by the help of their glalTes, they dif-
covcred that the land was covered with palm-nut
trees, none of w.iich they had fecn fincc they quitted
the iflands within the tropics. The next morning
earlr, the Captain took a party of men, and being
attended by Tupia and the feveral gentlemen on board,
went on Ihore to examine the country. They landed
a little with'i the point of a bay, that led into a
large lagunc, by the fides of wiiich grows the man
grove, as it alfo docs on fome bogs, and fwamps of
lilt-watcr, which they difcovcred. There were many
nefts of a Angular kind of ant, as gr'^n as grals ;
when the branches of thefu mangroves were difturbcd
ihcy came forth in great numbers, and bit the dif-
turbcr tnoft li-'vcrcly. Thcfe trees lilcewife afibrded

ftieltcr for a great number of green Caterpillars ; thelf
bodies were covered with hair.-, which, on the touchj
gave a pain fimilar to the <Hng of a nettle, but much
more acute. Thefc infcdU r.ingcd thcmlllves fide
by fide on the leave,'!, thirty or forty together, in a
very fingular manner. They faw among the fand-
bank«, many birds larger than fwans, which they
imagined were pelicans, and they ftiot a kind of buU
tard, which weighed feventeen pounds. This bird
proved very delicate food, and gave name to the
place which was called Bujiard-Bay. They likewife BuftatJ Pajj
fhot a duck of a moft beautiful plunia;;c, with a white
back. They found vaft numbers of oyfters of various
forls, and, among the reft, fome hammer oyfters of
a curious kind. While the Englifti were in the
woods, I'cveral of the natives came down and took a
furvcy of the fliip, and then departed. The gentle-
men on Ihore faw fires in many places, and repaiiinij
to one of them, they found about a dozen of fmall
fires burning near c.ith other; but the people were
gone, and had left fome fliells and bones of fifii they
had jiift eaten. They likewife faw fevcral pieces of
foft bark, about the length and breadth of a man,
which thcv judged had been ufed as beds. This kind
of encanipiiient was in a thicket well defended from
the wind ; and, as the place was much trodden, and
there was no appearance of a houfe, it was imagined
that they fpcnt iheir nights, .as well as day.s, in the
open air, even Tupia inook his head, and exclaimed,
Taata tuos ! " I'oor wretches !" They failed the
next morning, and on the day following were a-breaft
of a point, which lying immediately under the tropic,
the captain called Cape Capriarn, on the weft fide of Cape C«i)ri»
which they faw an amazing number of large birds com.
rcfembling the pelican, fome of which were five feet
high.

On the 26th they flood between a range of almofl
barren iflands, and the main land, which is moun-
tainous. They had here very fliallow water, and
anchored in fixtcen feet, which was not two feet mora
than the fliip drew. Mr. Banks tried to fifli from the
cabin windows, but the water was too fli.allow. The
ground, indeed, was covered with crabs, which gree-
dily fcized the bait, and held it till they were above
water. Thefc crabs were of two kinds, one of a very
fine blue, with a very white belly, and the other
marked with blue on the joints, .ino having three re-
markable brown fpots on the back. The captain
having fent fome men in a boat a-he.ad to found, they
returned with an account, that there was not water
enough for the fhip to p;ifs through ; upon which
they tackrd about and ftoixl back again. In the morn-
ing they failed to the northward, and to the northern-
moft point of the land the captain ca\c the name of

fli

Cape Manifold, from the number of high hills appe ir-

■ ■" is a^'^P'^'"'-

lolJ.

fliore

ing above it. Between this cape and the

bay called Keppefs Bay, and fome iflands bearing the J^^JJ' [-^ j.„
name of the fame gentleman. On the 28th, be-
ing determined to keep the main-land clofe aboard,
which continued to tend away to the weft, they got
among another clufter of iflands; the, were here
again greatly alarmed, having on a fuddcn but three
fathom water, in a ripling tide. They immediately
put the fliip .about, and hoifted out the boat» i»
fcarch of deeper water, after which they C >* to the
weft with an cafy fail, and, in thecve"i:i<;, c.j.ic to
the entrance of a bay. On the 2gth in tlit morning,
the niaftcr fent two boats to found the bay ; and th>:
ftiip was no fooner under lail than the boats made the
fignal, and the fliip accordingly cime to an anchor.
As they obferved the tide to flow and ebb confiderably»
they imagined this bay to be the entrance of a river
that ran up the country. In this place the captain in-
tended to lay the fliip afliore, and clean her bottom i
and accordingly landed in learch of a proper place k»
that purpofe.

In this excurfion, Meflrs. Banks and Solandcr at-
tended Captain Cook. They found walking extreme-
ly incommodious, theground being covered with grafs,
the feeds of which were Qur[>, and heuded, to th,it

th'-y

Tli:

Cap
rou

Cap

Cun
Illu
Wli
fall

Capi

ter.

Iloll

IJav,

C ATTAIN COOK.

lit

ouch|
much
t Me
I in a

faml-
I they
f bul-
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to the
kcwifcB"'^"'"'*!'

white
'arious
krs ol'
in the
took .1
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paiiirii'
( fmi.il
c were
111 they
cces of
a man,
liskiaJ
;d from
:n, autl
uaiiiried

in the
laimod,
ilcd the
a-brcaft
I tropic,

: fide ot"c«reC«iiifr
re birds corn,
Svc feet

f almoft

moun-
ter, ami
fct more
rom the
f. The
:h grce-

e above
it' a very
ic other
Ihrec rc-

captaiii

id, thcjr
water
which
morn-

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lame of

lie is a'-'.P'^'"-

the

lolJ.

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lev got

liere

tlucc

diately

kat» ill

J to the

t. jiic to

Irning,

InJ th«

Idc the.

Inchor.

|rably«

river

kill iii-

Ittom ;

Ice fu*

Icr at-
Ircir.o-

> th.il
th'-y

Kcpi^l'i B«y.

they were continually (licking In their clonths whence
they worked (orwnnl to the llefh, by means of the
bcarJ. 'I'hey were likewife Icirmenled with tlic per-
petual dinging of the mu(i|uitos. Several places were
found convenient to hiy the (hip alhore but they
could meet with no frefh water ; in the interior parts
of the country tlicy found gum-trics, on the branches
of which were white ants nells formed of clay, as big
as a bulhel. On the other trees thty found black ants,
which formed their lodging in the body of it, after
they had eaten away the pith, yet the trees were in a
flourilhing condition. They found butterflies in fuch
incredible numbers, that which ever way they looked,
many thoufands were to be feen in the air, whiic every
bough and twig was covered with multitudes. They
likcwiledifcoveredon the (ground, where it was fuppofed
to have been left by the tide, a fifli, about the fizc of
a minnow having two ftrong bread fins, with which it
leaped away as nimbly as a frog, it did not appear to
be weakened by being out of water, nor even to pre-
fer that element to the land ; for when feen in the wa-
ter it leaped on ihoie, and purfucd its way. It was
likewife remarked, that where there were fmall ftones
projc^ling above the water, it chofe rather to leap from
one ftone to another, than to fwiin through the w.itcr.
On the 30th, the captain went on fliorc very early,
and having gained the fummit of a hill took a furvey
of the coalt, and adjacent iflands, which being done,
he took Dr. Solander up an inlet which had be-en dif-
covercd the preceding day. The weather proving
unfavourable, they returned early to the fliip, having
feen only two Indians, who followed the boat a
confidcrable way along the fliorc, hut the tide run-
ning ftrong, they did not think it prudent to wait for
them. This day Mr. Banks went with a party on
fliore, and having met with a piece of fwainpy ground,
covered with mangroves, they refolved to pafs it,
which they did, up to the knees in mud, and fome-
times crawling on their hands, when they had flipt
between braiiclies of trees, which were interwoven on
the furface of the fwamp. Having performed this
difagrccablc tallc, they arrived at a fpot where the na-
tives appeared to have flcpt on the grafs, and where
there were the remains of a fith (upper, which had
been roafted by four fmall fires. The fecond lieute-
nant, at another place, faw the track of a large ani
mal, near a gulley of water ; he likewife heard the
voice of the Indians, but did not fee any. Two tur
ties were feen at this place, feme water-fowls, and a
few fmall land birds.

As no water was to be found, the captain called
TliitnjSound, the inlet Thir/iy Sound, which they left on the 31ft
of May, and having failed round three fmall iflands,
anchored in fifteen fathom water. On the firft of
June they got under fail, having a number of iflands
in fight, as far the eye could reach. On the 2d at
noon they faw a high promontory, which was called
Cipe HilliLo- Cnpe Hilljhortugh, and feemed to abound in wood and
wugl". herbage, diftributed on hills, plains, and valleys.

There are numbers of fmall iflands in this neigh-
bourhood, on fonic of which they faw fmoke .arifing
in different places. On Sunday the 3d, they difco-
CapcComviy. ^'^■'^ '^ P°'"'> which was named Capt Cmway, and
between that and Cape Hillfborough a bay, which
took the name of Re/iuu Bay. The land about Cape
Conway is diverfificd by hills and dales, lawns and
woods, and forms a delightful appearance. By the
help of their glafles they difcovered three pcrfons on
one of the iflands, and a canoe, with an out-rigger,
like thofe of Otahcite ; they this d.iy named the iflands
Cumberland Ijlands in honour of the Duke, and a paf-
f.igc which they difcovered, was called it'hilfunday's
U'liirunil.iy's PaJJiige, from the day on which it was feen. At
Pairane. day-break, they were a-breaft of a point, which took

Cape Glouccf- the rame of Cabt Ghucejfir, Names were likewife
tcr. given to three other places, viz. Hlhsrnt IJle, Edge-

Ilolborne Ide, cunihe Bay, and Cope Up/lait, which latter was fo
W^ccuinbc ^,^|,^j^ becaufe it rifes abruptly from the lowlands
t»j.i Upftart. thiit furround it.

On Tuefday, when near the fljorc, they faw very

Jlcpute Bay.

Cumlierland
Iflind.

lirgc columns of fmoke uCu,^ fuiii the low I.nil;. 17^0

I'liis diiy they gave name t.i (^!i\'e!<^tid Bay, the eall; ' .^ '

point of which was calkd €,1^': CUiik'id, and (he welt Clcvelan.,!;.'/.
Mapietkal lj!i, becaufe tiie compafs did not traverfe J;'!',"-'''''
v/el'l when they were near it. Thejjoints, as well :i'.tlie M,,^n^.|, .\
main land within them, lie high, and form a barren, lllc
rugged, and rocky couU. On the afternoon of Thurf-
day they f.iw fevc'ial large columns of fmoke, likewife
foine canoes, and fevcral natives, with fome trees, that
they thoii<jht were of cocoa-nut, in fcarch of which
fruit Mellrs. Banks and Solander went a-(liorc with
Lieutenant Hicks j but they returned in the evening
with a few plants, which they had gulhcrcd from the
cabbage palm, and which had been miftakcn for the ^

cocoa-tree. On Friday they gave the name of Point '^'""' "'""='■■■
Hilloik to a point of land, between which and Mag- , ,.., „
nctic Ifle the fhorc forms UMfax Bd, which affords " ' ' ' ''
fhelter from all winds : at fix this evening they were
a-brcaft of a point of land which w.is named Cii[e tupf Sand-
Sandwich^ near which lies Rcckin^bnm Bay. Hence "'"■''•.
they ranged northward along the fliorc, toward the Kf'cMiighatn
cluftcr of iflands j on one of which about 40 men,
women and children were (landing together, and look-
ing at the (hip with a curiofity never obfcrvcd among
theft people before. The north jioint of Rocking-
ham Bay was called Duik Ijle, which is fcarcely ^unk Ific,
to be diftingui(hcd from the (hore, it lies fo very
near it. On Saturday morning they were a-brcaft of- , . ,.
fome fmall iflands which were named Fru:d:,iiJ's Ijle , ip^.,
near which lie two places, which were calleil C'a; ? i ap-.- Grafton.
Grafton, and Green IJland. Here iNLffrs. Banks and Ciiten lil-m!.
Solander went afliore with the captain, vvhofe cliief
views were to procure water, which not bciny; eafy
to be got, they foon returned on board, and the next
day an ived near Trinity Bay, which w.is fo called be-
caufe it was difcovered on Trinity Sunday.

As no accident remarkably unfortunate had befallen
our adventurers during a navigation of more than
1300 miles, along coafts every where abouii-lin^
with the moft dangerous rocks and (hoals, no name
expre(rive of diftrcfs had hitherto been given to any
cape or point of land which they had feen. But they _. .
now gave the name of Cape Tribulation to a po'ntjj"^" " u >.
which they had juft difcovered, as they here became
acquainted with misfortune. This cape is in 16^ 6'
fouth lat. and 214" 39' weft long.

At fix in the evening they (hortcncd failj to avoid
the danger of fomc rocks, which were feen a-headj
and to obferve whether any iflands lay in the o(Kng,
as they were now near the latitude of thofe iflands
faid to have been difcovered by Qiiiros. They kept
ftanding off from fix o'clock till near nine, with a
fine breeze and bright moon. They had got from
fourteen into twenty-one fathom water ; when fud-
denly they fell into twelve, ten, and eight fathom,
in a few minutes. Every man was inftantly ordered
to his ftation, and they were on the point of anchoi-
ing, when, on a fudden, they had again deep watery
fo that thry thought all danger at an end, concluding
they had failed over the tail of fome (hoals which they
had feen in the evening. They had twenty fathom
and upwards before ten o'clock, and this depth con-
tinuing fome time, the gentlemen who had hitherto
been upon duty, retired to reft ; but in lefs tlian an
hour the water (hallowed at once from twenty to
feventeen fathom, and before foundings could be taken^
the (hip ftruck againft a rock, and remained fixedj
but from the motion given her by the beating of the
furge. Every one was inftantly on deck, with counte-
nances fully expreflive of the agitation of their minds<
As they knew they were not near the fhore, they con-
cluded they had (truck againft a rock of coral, tlie
points of which being (harp, and the furface fo rough
as to grind away whatever is rubbed againft it, though
with a gentle motion, they had rcaion to dread thd
horror of their fituation.

The fails being taken in, and boats hoifted out to
examine the depth of water, they found that the (hip
had been carried over a ledge of the rock, and lay in
a hollow within it. Finding the water was deepeii

a-ftern^

ai2

1770

THE VOYAGE OF

a-Acm, they carried out the anchor from the flarboard
quarter, ana applied their whulc force to the capilcrn,
in hopes to get the vclTcl uff, lut in vain. She now
beat (i) violently againfl the rock, that the crew couKl
fcarcely keep on their legs. The moon now (hone
bright, by the light of which thry could fee the Ihrath-
ing-b<Miriiw flj..: f'om the bottom of the vclTcl, till at
length the falli ked tolluvvcd, fo that they expefted
infunt dcllru£lion. Th r bell chanci- of cfc.niiiiij:
fecmcd now to be by lightning licr, but as thry hnii
flruck at high water, they would have been out in
their prcfent fituation after the vcfTel fhould draw as
much lefs water as the water had funk ; but their anx-
iety abated a little, on finding that th* (hip fettled on
the rocks as the tide ebbed. They, however, flattered
thcmfelves, that if the fliip fhould keep together till
next tide, they might have fome chance of Hoating
her. They therefore inftantly darted the water in thL-
hold, and pumped it up. The decayed (lores, oil -
jars, ca(ks, ballad, fix of their guns, and other things,
were thrown over-board, in order to get at the heavier
articles ; and in this bufinefs they were employed till
day-break, during all which time not an oath was
fwom, fo much were the minds of the failors im-
pre(red with a fcnfe of their danger. At day-light
they faw land at eight leagues diftance, but not a fingle
ifiand between them and the main, on which part of
the crew might have been landed, while the boat
went on (hore with the reft ; fo that the dcftrudion of
the greater part of them would have been inevitable
had the (hip gone to pieces. It happened that the wind
died away to a dead calm before noon. As they cx-
pc(£lcd high water about eleven o'clock, every thing
was prepared t" make another cfFort to free the (hip,
but the tide fc! i much (hort of that in the night,
that (he did not 4ioat by 18 inches, though tliey had
thrown over-board near fifty tons weight : they now,
therefore, renewed their toil, and threw over-board
every thing that could po(ribly be fpared ; as the tide
fell, the water poured in fo r.ipid1y, that they could
fcarce keep her free by the conltant working of two
pumps. Their only hope now depended on the mid-
night tide, and preparations were accordingly made
for another e(Fort to get the (hip off. The tide began
to rife at five o'clock, when the leak likewife encreafed
to fucli a degree, that two pumps more were m.inned,
but only one of them would work ; three, therefore
were kept going till nine o'clock, at which time the
(hip righted ; but fo much water had been admitted
by the leak, that they expefied (he would fink as foon
as the water (hould bear her off the rock. Their fitu-
ation was now deplorable beyond defcription, almoft
all hope being at an end. They knew that when the
fatal moment (hould arrive, all authority would be at
an end. The boats were incapable of conveying them
all on (hore, and they dreaded a conteft for the pre-
ference, as more (hocking th.i'i the (hipwreck itfelf:
yet it was confidercd, that thofe who might be left
on board, would eventually meet with a milder fate
than thofe who, by gaining the (hore, would have no
chance but to linger out the remains of life among
the rudeft favagcs in the univcrfc, and in a country,
where fire-arms would barely enable them to fupport
thcmfelves in a moft wretched fituation.

At twenty minutes after ten, the (hip floated, and
was heaved into deep water, when they were happy
to find that (he did not admit more water than (he
had done before ; yet as the leak had for a confidcrable
time gained on the pumps, there was now three feet
nine inches water in the hold. By this time the men
were fo worn by ''itigueof mind and body, that none
of them could pump more than five or fix minutes at
a time, and then threw tliemfelvcs, quite fpcnt, on the
deck, amidft a dream of water which came from the
pumps. The fuccccding man being fatigued in his
turn, threw himfelf down in the fame manner, while
the former jumped up and renewed his labour, thus
mutually ftruggling for life, till the following accident
had like to have given them up a prey to ablolutc dcf-
pair, and thereby infurcd their dcftru£lion.
7

Between the infiile lining nf ilic (1,ii.", bottom,
which is tillfd (he titllni;, uiid tlit outdde ihiiikinu,
[here is a fp.icr of about kuntieii or <i,,liuui iiitliiv.
Tliemaii who had hiihirlo t,;l;in tin jiptli ol w.ilei
atlliewcll, li.ij taliiii ll iinf.irUur il,.<ii the tiil.ii;;,
but being now itlicvul by another in 1 Ion, wlu. lo.'k
tlic depth of the oulfule plank, it ;i|i|j(aicd, by this
midakc, that tlie Ic.ik li,id fuildtiily i.iiiivd uj.oii tltc
pumps, the wUnU ilitKuint hetwieii ilic tun pLiik-.
■('his circun\(lai'ite dc|iii\iJ tlieni of .;M lin(ic , ami
fcarce any one thou|;lit it worth wlilk' 10 l.ihour, for
the longer prefeivation of a life wliiili nuill fo foon
have a period : but tlie midakc was foon difcoviud :
and the jov arifing from fuch unexpe(ikd good ncwj
infpired the men with fo much virour, th.it brforc
eight o'clock in the morning, they li.id pinupnl out
confidcrably more water than they h:»l (liiiipal. 'I'hty
now talked of nothing but getting tlie fliip into
fome harbour, and fet heaitily to work loget in their
anchors ; one of which, an! the c.ibU of anotlur, thiy
loft i but tlicfc were now confidercd as trifles. (Liv-
ing a good breeze from fea, they got under fail at elcvi n
o'clock, and decrcd for land. As they could notdil-
cover the exail fituation of the leak, they had nn
profpeftof doppingit within fide of the vedll, but
the following expedient, which one of the miiKhip-
men h.id formerly fecn tried with fuccefs, was adopted.
They took an old dudding-f.iil, and having mixed a
large Quantity of oakam and wool, chopped fmall,
it was (fitched down in handfuls on the fail, as lightly
as polTible, the dung of their (heep and other filth
being fprcad over it. Thus prepared, the f.iil was
hauled under the (hip by ropes, which kept it extended
till it came under the leak, when the fusion carrit.J
in the oakham and wool from the furface of the fail.
This experiment fucceedcd fo well, that, indcad ol
three pumps, the water was cafily kept under with
one.

They had hitherto no farther view than to run the
(hip into fome harbour, and build a vcffc\ from her ma-
terials, in which they might reach the Eaft Indies ;
but they now began to think of finding a proper place
to repair her damage, and then to purfue their voyage
on its original plan. At fix in the evening they an-
chored feven leagues from the (hore } and found that
the (hip made 15 inches water an hour during the
night; but as the pumps could clear this quantity,
they were not uncafy. At nine in the morning they
pafTed two iflands, which were called Hife IfianJs, Mope Idindj
becaufe the reaching of them had been the object of
their wifhes at the time of the (hipwreck. In the
afternoon the mader was fent out with two boats to
found and fearch for a harbour where the Ihip might
be repaired. They anchored at fun-fet, in four fa-
thoms water, two miles from the (hore. One of the
mates being fent out in the pinnace, returned at nine
o'clock, reporting, that he had found fuch a harbour
as was wanted, at the diftance of two leagues.^

At fix o'clock the next morning tliey failed, having
previoufly fent twobo.ats a-hcad, to point out the(houls
that they faw in their way. They foon anchored
about a mile from the (hore, when the captain went
out, and found the channel very narrow, hut tlie
harbour was better adopted to their prcfent purpofc,
than any place they had feen in the whole courfc of
their voyage. As it blew very fre(h this day and tlic
following night, they could not venture to run into
the harbour, but remained at anchor during the two
fuccecdingdays, in the courfc of which they obferved
four Indians on the hills, who ftopped and made two
fires.

The men by this time began to be a(Rii5led with the
fcurvy ; and their Indian friend Tupia, was fo iil
with it, that he had livid fpots on both his legs. Mr.
Green the aftronomerwas likewife ill of the famcdil-
order } fo that their being detained from landing was
every way difagrceable. Ti:c wind continued fri.(h
till the 17th, but they then refoKed to piifh in for the
harbour, and twice ran the fliip a-ground ; " -
the fccond time (lie duck fad, on which they

took

CAPTAIN COOK.

o *

in
li-
no
uit

;cu.

a *

hily
tilth

ndcd
irriiJ-

fail.
•nJ ol

with

m the
.r m»-
n<lic« >
\ place
age
iiii-
tlwt
the
ntity.
they
flk.nJs, Hope
■' =1 of
n the
joaw to
miglt'
our fa-
of the
at nine
harbour

having
hclhoal*
anchored

1,1 went

but the

purpofc.
rourfc of
and the
'run into
17 the two
^obfcrvid

made two

i with the
ft-as fo "I
eg*, ^^f-
: famcdii-

.'nding «»*

inucd frcJh

in for the

i1Ulld > "

rhicU they
tooV:

IQand).

look the booms, fore-yarJ, and forc-fop tnafts down,

and maiL' a raft um tlie fiJu of the Ihipi and ab thv
tide happened lo be riling-, (lie flualid .it one o'clock.
She «•,!» n<nv loon got inm tin. li;iibour uhcic ll\e was
moored .dnn^ the lide ol a iiemli, ami the anchois,
cables, il>'c. unmediately taken out .'Ihei.

On Sui'day morniin; they erected a tent for the (itlt,
fevcriil of whom wtic brouii;ht on (liuic as foon as it
was ready for their reception. They liktwile buili
a tent lo hold the provilions and Itores w liii h were
laniled tlu' famcd.iy. 'riioui>h the bo.it w.udifpatchrd
in quell of filh for provilion fur the ficiv, (h.- rLtiirmij
without fuitrf* J but 'l"iipia employid hinilelf in
angling, and the fiek fubdllcd on what hccjui;ht, nnd
recovered very fall. The hi^'Ji l.nul up the country
was llony and barren, and near tiie river over-run
with mangroves, among which at every lide the lalt-
water came up. Mr. Banks in an exeui fum law the
frames of feveral houfes, wiiich appeared to have been
fomc time abandoned.

The forge was now fet up, and preparations were
made for repairing the vcllel. And ihis day Mr.
Banks, crofling the river to view the country, found it
to bo little clfe but fandy hills. He perceived vail
flocks of pigeons and crows, and fliot feveral of the
former which proved moll beautiful. The fliip hav-
ing fprung a leak, it \ as thought ncciflary to carry
her hi){her up 'he haibour, to find a llatlon proper for
her to be laid m wliile this was flopped.

On examining her on the zzd, it appeared that the
rocks had cut through four |>lanks into the tim-
bers, and that three other planks \^•cre dani;i';ed ; but
not a fplinter was to be feen in all thofe breaches, the
whole being as fmooth as if it had been cut with an
inllruinent of iron. One of thefe holes was large
tnoug,h to have funk her even with eight pumps
going ; but the fiflure was in a great hieafure llopped
by a fragment of the rock being left flieking in it.
Some pieces of oakum, wool, iic. having gniten be-
tween the timber had likewife contributed to flop
feveral parts which the (lone had left open. The vef-
fel was befidcs otherwife damaged.

The carpenters continued working on the (liip,
while the fmiths were bufied in making holts and
nails, and fomc wentacrol's the river to llioot pigeons
for the fick. They found a (Iream of frelh water,
faw feveral Indian noufes, and oblerved a moufe-co-
lourcd animal that was 'cry fwift. As to iilh, though
they faw plenty, thev caught but three of them.
Many of the cvcw feeing th'; animal jull mcntioncdj
declared they had feen the devil, dcfcrib'ng this crea-
ture in the mod terrible manner, fuch as thev appre-
hended mull be the figure of the grand foe ofmaiiki;id.
It feems thefe men had feen a bat which had thus ilruck
them with fear and aflonilhment.

The repairs of the (hip were now going forward,
the carpenters began to work on her ftarboard fide i n
the 24th. Some palm cabbages nnd a bunch 01 twc.
of wifd plantains were obtained by Mr. Cjore fi.r tlie
refrefhmcnt of the fick j and the captain and Mr.
Banks faw the above-mentioned animal, which h.id
along tail that it carried like a grey-hound ; the point
of its foot rcfcmblcd that of a goat, ami it leaped like
a deer. — When the vclTel was examined abaft, it \va^
found that (he had not received much ininry In that
quarter. The carpenters, however, continued their
work whenever the tile would allow them. The
vcfiel was now in a pofuion that threw all the water
abaft, in confequrnce of wliicli, Mr. Banks's collec-
tion of plants which had be?n removed into the bread-
room were found under. Some of them were totally
fpoilcd, but the greater part were rcftorcd by proper
care and attention. They now endeavoured to float
the (liip by throwing water-cafks under her bottom ;
but this not fucceeding, they were obliged to wait till
Vol I. N^i8.

the next fpring-tidc. They now fiiiind more c.ibhigc.'
trees, and a liuit of a deep colour, whicli \va^ about
the lire of a golden pip|>in, and wlun kept a lew d.us
tailed like a damolcen. And a plant was difi'overed
which refembkd our Ln;;lini f|iiii,i;;r.

Some of the crew went up the covintry with Mr.
Hanks, on the 28th, whofhcwcd ihtmapl.i-'.t ihat letv-
for greens, wliici; «a-. of thi. fort th.it ihe \Vil(-In-
dians call Jiidian kale. 1 hiy faiv hire .1 tree i.'itthed
for cl'Tihin;; in the fame m.ii.iur a.-, had b .en obKtvrd
in Hotany IJ.iy, 'I'hey alio met with nells <f white
ants, from the height ol liv 11 iiuhes to fivi feet.
I'lints of mens feet, and the trails of li;vcral animals
were dilcovered up the country. 1 he next day a wolf
was feen fimilar to thofe fiiund in Anurica.

Kilh were taki n in fuch a i|iiantity the f.rft day as
to allow a pound and a half to each mnn.

'Ihe captain afeendcd a hill on the pth, in order
to take a view of the lea, which pref;nlid no agrec-
ablf profpeifl, as there were lliials and Ihr.d bank ,
almoll on every fide, but as the wind blew ct.iJlanily
from the fuuth he thou'iht he might get ele r hy a
palla^e that appeared to open to the northward. This
day Mr. CJore faw two animals of a flraw coliiir,
Ihaped like a dog, but about the fize of a hare. And
now fo much fi(h was taken, and fuch a plenty of
greens gathered, that the (hips company had no rea-
fon to complain of th.ir provifion;-.

All the men were allowed to go on (hore on the
I ft of July one excepted from each mcfs, who went on
the filhing partv, which fucceeded very well. On
Tuefday the mailer, who h.id bieil fent in the pinnace
to look for a channel, returned, and brought word
that he had found a pafl'.ige betwein the (ho.;ls. He
found fome cockles fo large thai one of them was
fuflicient for two men, befides plenty of Ihellfilh,
and of thefe he brought a fupplv. In his return to the
vefiel he landed in a bay whue fome Indians were at
fupper, who fled : they found fome fea eggs and a
fire ready to drefs them.

The attempt to float the (hip fucdecdcd this day,
but finding that by the pofition Ihe had lain in (lie
had fprung a plank, it was judged necen"ary to lay
her aihore, which was accordingly done on the 4th,
and the next d.iy (lie was floated at high water, and
moored off the beach, in order to receive the (lores.
Mr. Banks crofl'ej the haibour the fume day, and
found a great number of fruits, fuch as they h.id not
feen before, among which there w.is a coco»-nui, that
as I'upia faid, had been opened by a crab. All the
vegetables picked up here were interfperfed with ma-
rine pioduiSliuns. This gentleman having taken a
boat for the purpofe went up the river on the 6th,
and returned on the bth. Having examined the coun-
try they found it little different from what they h.ad
already feen, and following the courfe of the river,
found it to be at length contrai5led within a narrow
channel which was bounded by ftcep banks adorned
with beautiful trees, and the bark tree among t.he red.
The land was low and covered with verdure, and
feemcd capable of cultivation. Several animals were
feen, one of which they judged to be a wolf. -,

" At night, fays my author, they made a fire and ^
took lip their quarters on the bank of the river, but
the night was rendered extremely difagrecabJe by the
(lings of the mufijiiitos, which purfued them into the
Imokc and nlnioft into the fire. At break of day they
fet out in feaich of game, and faw four animals, two
of which were chafed by Mr. Banks's greyhound;
but they greatly oiitllrippcd him infpecd, by leaping
over the long thick grai's, which incommoded the dog
in runnini:. It was oblerved of this animal, that he
leaped or bo;indcd forwanl on two legs, inllcad of
running on four. H.iving returned to the boat, they
proceided up the river, till it contraiiled to a brook
Kkk of

range a:a.
als.

'* This (HKir fellow olifervcd that he was as large «^ a eallon*
tnil hail linrnv and wini»s; " \ct (atlileil lie) crept fu (lovely
tlitnii^li tlie i^raf^ that if I had not been aicard 1 luiglit have

touched liim. As to the horns tli.it cxiOcd only in Ins fancy
which was jull then tilled with tri^hifiil iinaj|c,.

.**

114

THE VOYAGE Ot

of frefti wnfiT, tut in which the tiilo rofo coiifiderably.
\VtK-n t'uy llopivil for the niaht, tlicy i.iw a linoko
»l .1 ili.fincr, on which thrir of tlitm api'ioaclicil it,
h:it the InJiJiis were cunc. 'I'hcy faw llu ini|irtllioiis
ol I vt ii!it'ii; f.\ncl, b-Tow hip;h-w.iter maili,aiij fdiiiul
a file lijii hiiinin.; iii i.'if hullow <if an oM tnc. At
a fniall Jiftincc lluv liW fcvcral liui«, ami obfcrvni
ovens dii;; in il>c i.ri'UiiJ : the riniain»of ii recent
meal were likewiie appaint. llu y now rctircii to
iheirrcihn -placp, aiul lUpt on plantain Icues, with
a bumli o| ^i.ils for their pillort«, on Ilie liilc of a
I 111! bank tirvJir till Iheliir ul a bufti. 'Ihe tiile fa-
vouiing the!;- return in ihi' nuirnirii.;, they lo(( no time
in ^ettin.; luek i;i the ihip. 1 he nialKr, who hail
bn.li (<.\i.n Kajucs at da, riturneil loon alter Mr.
li.i ikj, biin^inj; with him three turtUk, which he
ti.iN with a boat-hi ('k, and which together wciyheJ
near ei^ht hiir.on J pounds. lie was feni out next
n.i'rr.ir.?, ai:il Mr. Hanks i.cconipanieil him with pro-
per i:il(ru:Tienls f.)r catching tiirth' : but not being luc-
ccl5f.ll, he would not go back that nij'ht, fo that Mr.
ll.'.nks, aftc. ilUcfine f'nie fti'lK aiul marine pro-
i!j:lioii>, returned in his own fmall boat.

In the morning tho fccond lieutenaitt waj fent to
brine the mailer back, foon after which four Indians,
i.T a Im.ill canoe, wore within fi^ht. I'hc captain
iiowdeti-rmintd 'o take no notice of thele jieopc, as
tPe i:.oll l,kJy way to be noticed by them. This
prcjtcf anfwervd ; two of them came within mufquet
fhot of the vell'el, where they eon erled very loud ; in
return, the pioplcon be'u:d ill nitcd, and made rii;ns
cf invuaiion. I he Indi.ins gradually approached, with
their lances htld up; not in a inmacing manner, but
as if they mc->nt to intimate that they were capable of
defending themlVlve'. They came almoff alon^-fidc,
when the c.iptain threw them doih, nails, paper,
&e'. which did not feem to attract their notice, at
liii.;th oneof the lailors threw a In. all ti(h, which fo
()!eafeil thvm, tint they hinttil their deligns of brinr,-
111,4 their con. puiions, and immediately rowed for the
Ihore. In the interim, 'I'upia and fome of the cicw
landed on the oppolite (liorc. The four Indians now
tame quite along-fide the (hip, and having received
farther pri-llnt-, landed wliere Tupia and tlie failors
had gone. They had each two lances, and a Hick
wir'i'\hich they threw them. Advancinp; towards
the E:i, i'ft, Tupi.! pcifuaded tlu-m to lay down their
air.r., an! ft by him, which they readih did. Others
of I'. ■• crc-v now goini on Ihore, the Indians fecmcd
jealni.-. !ell they fliould get between them and their
arms, Iv.u care wir taken to coni incc them that no
fiic.'i t'lii _r was intei'dcd, and more trifles were pre-
feiitcd to llum. The crew ftaid with them till din-
ner-ti.xe, and then made fiTiis of invitation for them
to go to ti;e fhip and eat ; hut this thiy declinul, and
retired in ti;>ir canoe. Thefc men were of the com-
mon ItTtu.", with very fmal! limbs ; th( ir complexion
v/as of a i!c"p chocolate; their hair black, either
lank or curl J, but not of the woolly kind; the
brtilis arj uipcr lip of one of them were painted
with I'r.ik o, white, v. hich he called rflriajv/rt, and
fome p_r; i..' their b xiies had been painted red. 'J"htir
teeth were v, hile and even, thrir eyes bright, and iheir
feut'ir;s rather plealliig; their voices iiiulical, and
tl.ey rcpc:.'.cU feveral ilnglifli words with great rca-
diiiefs.

ri'e v'Si: of three of thct Indians v/as renewed
the mxt moriiinr,, rnd they broui;ht with I'leni a
fourth, whemi tl.ev called »;/,7r;f.-, who appeared to
be a perfon of fome conieijucnee, 'I he boiii' of a
bird, about fix inches long, was thruft through the
griii'e of his nofe ; and indeed all tl:e inhabitants of
th'<. pl.u. e h.ad ihiir nofes borc<!, for the rceeoiion of
fueh an ornament. Thtfe people beiiig all naked,
the captain jjaie one of them an old fhirt, which he
bour.d round his head like a turban, inlfcad of ufing
it to cfiver anv part of his bodv. They brought ;i
fifh to the fiiip, whieh was I'uppoled to b.- in payment
fuf that !;iv en them the day before : after (laying fome
time, Vi ilh apparent f..'.iifacl.ion, they fuddenly leaped
6

into their canof, and lowfd ifT, from a iealoiify of lbm«
of the gi'iitknun who uiie examining il.

Three Indians vilited Tupi.i's tent on the I 2th of
July, and after remalniii;; fonie tin.e, unit tor two
iilurs, whom t!iey intn.duecil liy name. Some hill was
olllred them, but th.yleem.d not nmch to regard it;
and al:er Latini; a little, thty ga\c the remainder tei
.Mr. Banks's ihv'. Some iihbaiwls which hid been
given them, to which meilals '.ere fulpemltd rounJ
their niiks, were lo changed by fmoke, that it was
dillicult lo judge what colour th< y li.id hem, and the
linoke had mad ■ their (kins look darkil tl-.m their na-
tural colour, fnin whence it was thought that they
had flept dole to their (ires, as a preventative againit
the lUng of the mufquili.s. Doth ihe llrang'.r'. hid
bones llirough then nods, and a piece of hark tied
over their forehe.ids ; and one of them hr.d an crni-
mcnt of (l.ings round his arm ; and an elegant neck-
lace ni.ide if llu.IU. Their canoe was about ten feet
long, and oleulated to hold lour perfoiis, and when
it was in (liallow w.'.ter they moved it by the nelp ot'
poles. Tlijir lances had only a lingle point, anJ
fome of thun were barbed with lilhbon.'-. On the
14th Mr. (jore (hot one of the nmufe-eolouud aiii-
nals abovi-inenlioncd. It chanced 10 be a youn;;
one, weighing more than 3S pounds; but when they
are full gro«n, they are as large its a (h e ■. The;
(kin of this bea(l, which is called Koiigni' , is co-
vered with iliort fur, rnd is i>f a dark nuele e.jlour ;
t!ie head and rars .11 e fomcwhat like thoCe of a hare j
this animal was drclled for dinner, and p.oved tine
catinr^. The (hip's crew fd on turtle alme.il every
day, which were liner than tliofe eaten in England,
owing to their being killeil before their natural lat was
wafted, and their juices changed.

Mr. ';anks and Dr. Sid.inder went with the captain
into the Woods on the ijih, and faw four Indians in
a Canoe, who went on /heiie, and walked up without
lign of fear. They accepted Icme bead-, and de-
partiel, intimating iha' thiv did not chule to be fol-
lowed. The natives be r , now become familiar with
tl'.efliip's crew, oncof .hem was defircd to threw his
lance, which he did w ith fuch de.\terity and f'rce,
that though it was iu)t abov e four feet from the grtuii J
at the highelf, it penetrated deeply into a tree at the
dillancc of fifty yards. The natives no.v raire ot\
hoard the (hip, i.nel were well pleafid with their en-
tertainment. On the igth, they law feveral of the
women, who, as well as the men, were quite naked.
Thev were this d.ay vifitid by ten eif the native, wd'.e>
feemed refidved te) have one eif the turtles that was (>n
boaiil, which they repe.itedly made figns for, and be-
ing as repeatedly refufed, they cxpicllid the utmcft
rageanel relintn.ent, one of ilum in p.irticular, !iav-
ing received a denial from Mr. IJanks, be fl;;mi)cd,
andpufhed him ;iway in a moll viclent iranner. -At
length thev 1 lid hands t^w two of the tuitUv, and drew
them to the fide of the (hip where the canoe lay, but
the fallors took them away. They made fevi ::il fii>ii.
lar attempt', but being equally unfuce'ef^ful, th'y
leaped fuddeiilv into their canoe, and lowed oft'. At
this inllaiu the captain, with Mr. I5an!;s, and five or
fix of thefi-.imen, went em Ihoie, where they arriveel
before the Indi.ins, and wherein. my ejf tile crew were
already enip!e.>yed. As feion as the Indians laniled,
one of them fnatched a fire biani! from under a pitch-
kettle, and running to the windward of whatctTetts
were left on (liore, let fire to the dry ^r; fs, which
burned rapidly, feorelied a pig lo death, hii'iied part of
the fuiith's forge, anel would l...ec i!i lliojed a tent of
Mr. Hanks, but that fome p'i;|dc car.y 'rem the (hip
jiill in time to get it out of the way ei the fl;'mi s.
In the mean while the Indi:.ns went to a ; 'ace i. hrre
the fifliing-nets lay, .nr.d a qiiaiuiiy im' K.-i n wa; t del
out totlry, and there again let liret toil.: £r;.rs, in fijite
of all perluahon, andc. jn of th.-eats. A iTiui.;i.Pt
loaded with I'maH (hot was fired, and one of them
being woundeil, they lan awae , hkI th's I'lcoii',! lira
was cxtin^uilL.'d i but l.V. u:i:i.r bainel f.ir into iha
woejJs.

The

CAPTAIN COOK.

3'J

tii-

■J.

vl'.o

(•!>

K--

iif.ft

r.iv-

pti!.
At
. \v
but

I'll-
h.y
At
or
\ril
,rrc
lul,
rh-

It of
It of
■hi [I

Ik s.

hid

y.te
..rt

-m

|-:i3

The nativM (lill fontiniiinj in (l|j;lif, :i imiliiiict
chi»i'j;i.-il with h.ill wiis liml m ir ll:iiii, ii;>iiti Ikmiiii^-
%vliii.li tluy liiciii jicit nut <i( fi hi ; liut ihiir xoIccn
bciii;; luiinl in tilt wnoil, iiiiil (i^itiiiii; tmiiinc iu;iRr,
tlic i',i|U.iin with ;i Uw |hii|.1c, «i-nt to iim't tliiiii.
Wluii tluy wiR- in li;,lit nl iMth uihir holh jiartics
Ooppul, i\ri|it iin nlil liuli.in, whu ii'lvamul licliin-
the rcit :l little way, but li>()M li.iltcil, ;imlt;HMkiiii;
a low Wdiils ntnatiil to 111', bnthuii, iinil tlicy all
retiiiil (lowly tOj^ethrr. The Kn'Jilh h.ivin;- Icr/i'il
fume 111 tlK•il■cla^t^, Killowcil tliiiii about a mile, anil
then latiloivn, the Indians fitting .iboi.t a hiimlritl
yards I mm thiiii.

'I'hi' oKI man a,;ain came forwanl, havin"/m his
hanil a l.iiiifwith a point. He lloppul anil l;>okc Ic-
veial tnii' s "I' «hii. Ii lla- laptaiii mail.- li 'iimiI liiiiiJ-
fllip. 'riit oKI liiiliaii now UiriKil lo his i.oni|iaiiioii<,
nn\ haviii.r Ipokin to ih.ni, tin y plaiiJ their lanes
againit a tuf, ami tame (orwaui as in liieniKhip,
wlicrcupoii tliiirilaits, whitli hail birli taken, wvrc re-
tiiriiLi), ami ihi: whole (|ii,urel (eenuil at an rm!.
The InJians having aiciptcd foiiic tiinkets, walkcil
amicably towards the roall, intimatinj; by hois that
ihey would not hre tin.' graCs aguiii. I hey l.itilown
oppolitc the Ihip, hut would not •'," on bi.aol, and
they accepted a lew muliniet-balls, the ufe and ittVcl
of whiiii the captain eniliavound toe\)daiii to llnm.
When Captain Cook j-oi on board, he law the woi ils
burn in", at ilied ilia nee ol iw o mil; s.

The m.illir ha iii', been lent to learth for a pafTa^r
to the ne.riliwarii, returned with an acioiit that he
coulJ not liiul any. JJy tlieiii.'ht nl the ."•.ot'i, thehre
had exltnded in.iiiy imI-s roiiiul thi m on the hills,
which at iiijiht formed an appearance that was vcr\'
flrikin;'. On the 2iu they kilKil a turtle, through
both Ihoulders of which iiiiek a wooden harpeon,
which I lie Indians had llncki n it with, and the wound
wai quite he.i led. I'henext dav,on -ot tli'j f.amen,\\lio
lind Itraved fiom his coni| any, met with four Indian'.
atdinnrr; he was alarniul at this uiiexp.cled meeting,
but had pruilenic enoir li to conceal his appichen-
fions, and fittini; down by them :;avc ihein In-- kiiile,
which having: all looked al, they returned ; I.e then
would h.ivc lift them, but they chofe to d. t:'.iii him
till, by feeling his hands and face, they were con-
vinced he w.is made of Helli and blood like themli lees :
they then dilmidid him, directing him the neiiell
way to the fhip. Mr. IJanks h.iviiii; gone on (lioie in
feaich of plants, loulid the cloth that had been dif-
tributed among the natives, lyini: in a heap, as a
commodity of no value, On the a.tth, MJ1V<.
Solandcr and Uanks found feveral marking-nuts
on the ground ; but their fearch for the tree that
bore them was intircly fruillef;. On the zOth .Mr.
Banks caught a female animal, called the Opojjun:,
with two young ones.

By the 2f)tli the fhip was re.idy for f:a, but there
was not vater fufficicnt for her to pafs the bar. On
the lirft of Aiigulf they found that the pump-, were
all rotten j but as the vell'el admitted only an inch of
water in an hour, they hoped (he would he liout
enough to hold out the voyage. On the fourth of
this month they put to fea, the pinnace ,';oing a-bcad
to keep founding, and at noon came to an anchor,
C»pe Bedford, when the captain gave the name of Ci:^/ BrJ/inl ui
the norlhernmolt point of land in light, and that of
E»iii\rjci:r Riuir to the harbour which they had
quitted.

The provifions they obtained while in the harbour,
confiftcd of turtle, which they went fume miles to fca
to catch, oyftcrs of three different forts, large ca-
valhcor fcomber, large mullets, fome flat fifh, aereat
number of fmall fcnmher, and ftait, or ray hfli ;
purllain, wild beans, the tops of cocoas, and cab-
bage palms. Of quadru pedes there are goats, wolves,
and pole-cats ; there are many ferpeius, only fome of
which arc venomous ; dogs are the only tame animals ;
the land fowls are kites, crows, h.uvks, loriquef,
cock.itoos, parrots, pigeons, and (mall birds o( various
kinds, the names of which arc not known : the water

('i)wN are wild gee fc, curlew, hen •iifllir;^diiil i^'o

which perch entrees, and lom*' I olhiis. 'I'l, ' ^ I
Inil piudueis the f.um-trec, nn'i v ■: ti- ufhct kiii>.1«
of W(«id, and foaif' i',r.i(''. The \, lu.lc of l^e cnio^.
II V is Will watered, and ant-hills abound in every part
ol it.

The captain went to the mall -head on the 4th to
look at lome Oi'als which Ihiatened great d.ine'er 1
and he l.iw ftvcral v\ th'.m ahiV* the wji'r. '1 his
day Inch a nuanlity of lifh was caught, as ailowid a
dividend of two pounds lo ehch man. Dining the
fix following davi they Ifrufgl 'I ilieeffi'ntly to fail
I Isly palk the (hiiib .md breaker , by which they were
eve.y way (urrounded ; hii:, lor ;lie prefent, their at-
tempts were vain. On the ic;!i, tiiey were bel.ieen
a h .iil-l.iiid, ail tliuc lOiiids, which h;.d been dif- '
covered on tli.' piiiidinj; day ; and began loionccive
hops lb It they were out ol dan;;er j but 'his not
proving to be thecile, the liea I -lard received ih- name
of Ct-i h'ltitttir. tii'iiie land .vas now Icen from the
mad-head, which wa-. ^leiierally l.iken for Ihe main, Cn'c r'..iiter".
bur the captain jiidged it to be a dull r of iil.iiulsi
tr.'.l during this Jiverlity of opinion, the (hip came to
in anehor. The capiam now landed, and alci iidini;
a liieji point, took a fui veyof the fia-eoill, by which
he was confirmed in his opinion, thatwiiat ih.y had
feeii was not any part of the main, but a number of
illaiids. On the point where he Hood were leeii the
prints of human f et, in white (and of mi ixipiifitc
tineiiefs, and the (pot was denominatid /\,/,/ /L«i/po;i t [.och
Hut. Out.

Kailyon the iith, ATr. Banks and the captain
went to vlfit the largcft of the three i(l;.iid«, which
had been lien from the point the pr cidiiig d . .•, Hav-
ing gained thefummitof the hi^itiell hi!l, t'ly beheld
a reef of rocks, on whith the (ea L .oke in a lnj;htful
manner, but thi- thicknefs of the wc.ither prevented
A pvifetlview; they lodged under a hufti dui ing the
nigl'.t, in hopes of luving a better pn ''peel in the
mi-irning: hut tliewealhe: proved v.oifeth:iiioii ihepie-
ccding dav : yet, as thev law what had tiie .ipp. irancc
of a tlMiinel between the leefs, apcrionwas (.-nt to
examine it, who found it very narrow. Il-.ey now
let out to return to the (hip, attrr gjviiu; the name of
Liziiri! f/.'ani/ tn thh pl.'.ce, liom their l:a\ ing ficn noLiinnl Idnnd.
.iiiiir. i!s but li/avds rn it. Upon tlu'r return they
Iindeilona low fandy ifland, wiiieh abounded in birds
of various kinds, an.ong which were c:,gle<, a neft of
the young of wliich they took, and caiKd the place
A'.^f/i- /j:'::t:il. On this fjiot they (aw the neit oi Ionic 1£jj;!c IHai.J.
birds, which was built with (omc (liel s on t!ie
ground ; i: was near three feet in height, and nventy-
lix round.

During the Interval of their abfence from the (hip,
the nialkr had landed on feveral low ifiand', wlei^ he
had feeii gre.-.t he.ips of uiriV: flulls, and tuunil ll\;
tins of them which the Indians li.id left hangin:; on
the trees (o fre(h that they were drclled ai'.l i".;tii
by the boats crew. After a oiv. itfuioii held among
ilic ofliccrs, it was their coiiturren: opinion, that
it would be belt to leave tlie coall, and ;l ,nj out
to fea, and in confequence of thef' knti.-iuiit: they
I'aiUd cm the 13th of Augiift, 1 770, and got thiougli
one of the channels in the reef; h'ppy ta be once
more in an opin (ea, r.fter haviiip, bcui lurrounded by
dreadful (hoals ar 1 rocks fer near thr^c nuiiths.
Tl'.e^■ had now Aiiled above icoo miles, during all
which run they were obliged to keep loiindir;, with-
out the intermifTiop. of a fuigle minute j a circuni-
(lance which it is luppofed, never happened to any
(hip but the Fiideavour.

The iilands, from one of which the pa(ragc to the
open fca had been obfervid, were called the Jjiaru/s of
Dir/ftitn. Th;y abounil in turtleand otiicr fiih, and on
the beach were found bamboos, cocoa-nuts, pun.ice-
(tonc, and feeds of plants, which wrrc fuppo|i:d tj be
carried thither by tlie trade winds, as the plants them-
fclves do not grow in the country, H.-iving anchored
on the ij.th, they (leered a wcftcrly cour(eonthe fol-
lowing day, to get fight of the land, that a paflap^e

betwewi

111

Hi!

7it

ri.vi.lcncc
fay: \Vi\-

llltlUlll.

H.n:

For!i.;.'. l.Ti'
Bj!-. Hc.d.

Cirt G,,;n-
Ttiiijilc Hay,
BirJ', in...

JH E V O Y A « E O K

yor!; Ii'.cs.

liciwcen ih.ii UnJ ami new Ciiiiiici, mi;, lit imt lu'
nMHii!, it thirc were any Inch ['.ilLim' i laily in ihi-
altcriKHiii lh(y liail light ul hiul, wlmh luil the up
l»ai Jiue i<r liilly illaiidi, Imt it W4s jiul^ol to be |>art
(It till' main ; aiul thry lau lutakcrs bi.iwii'ti the villel
an<l thi- land, in uliith then- wa» an i>|iL'nin^-,, to ^et
ileal III uhiih thiv let all tl« ii Uil>, and IIihmI in
tJK' imrthwaril till iniiliii^lil,«nil iliin went mi a fmiih-
ward tack I'or abi.jrtwu milis, vvhiii the bne/ciliul
away toa ili'a>l calm. W'lieii day light iitnii' on lluy
law a diiMdliil I'lirl hie.ik at a vail heii''ir, within a
mile el the lliip, luwardu uliith the ri'lliiij; waves
carried her with great rapidity. 'I'Iiim dillielled, the
bo.it« weie iVi't a-liead tu tin.-, .iiid the luad ol' ilu'
vcllel wai biiiiight abmil, but imt till llie w.is within
a hundred y.inls i<l th>- iiek, lutweui vviiieli and her
there .la^ luithing Mt but the ilLiIni, .iiul which had
rilin .mil broke to a w.inilcilul heii^ht on the ruck i —
but in the niniiKiit they e.\|H.cled iiiltant di ilriiiltimi,
3 bri'e/e, hardly difeernablf, aided the bnatl in grt-
tiii.» (he vellel in an ohlii)iie ilireclmn Irom the n'ek.
'J'hc liope^, hmvevir, atronhj by this |irovidcntial
circinnllanec, were dellroyeJ by a pcrteit lalm, whieh
fucccfdcd in a lew minutes ; yet the breeze mice mure
returned, before lliey had lu(( the little ground which
had been );ained. At this time a I'liLill opening was
fccn ill the net', and a young officer heinj; dnt to
rxamine ir, loiind that its bre.idlh ilid not much ex-
ceed the length ol the fliip, but that there was I'mootli
W.iter I'll liic otlur I'ule of the rocks. Animated
by til? hop- of prclerving life, they nn.v attempted
to pal's the openiiii; ; but this was iiiipidliblc ; lor it
havini; become hii^li water in the intemii, ilie tbb tide
ruOied tlirou^ili it with ama/.iiij; iinpetuofity, carryinn
the fliip about a qu.iiter ol u mile lioin the reel, and
(ht li-in re.irhcd Ihedirtancc of near two miles, by
tkr ni Ip ol the boats. When the ebb tide was (pent,
the ti.le of flood again drove the vellel very near the
rocks, lo that their prol'pect of deUruiJtion was le-
ii.'.ied, when they dil'covered another openinj;, and
:i li.''ht breeze fpringing up, they entered it, and were
driven tliinii^h it wilii a lapuliiy thit prevented th.'
(hip from (hiking againit eiihcr lide of the channel.
The fhip now came to an anelinr, and her crew were
trateful for having regained a Itation, which they had
been very l.itely mult anxiniij to (]uit. The name of
Piovi.l,-!tit ( 'haniii ' v,.\s given to the opening through
whieh the fliiph.id thusefapcd the molt inliuneiU dan-
gers. A liigli promontory on the main l.iiid in fight,
WIS denoiiiiiiated Caj'tlttyiimtd', and a bay i;:'ar it
fl'-\"i:rif') II..). This day the bo.its went out to lifh,
and nut with great fuccel's, particularly in c.itchiiig
cockles, fnineof wliich were of Inch an ania/.ing fize,
as u> r^ijuae the Hiength of two men to move them.
Mr. Banks likewil'e fucceeded in his learch for rare
fhc'ls, and different kinds of coral.

On the 8th, they dil'co, end fevcral fmall iflands,
'' whieh were cal'ed AVii'j'j Ijlu-i.li, and had n fight of
a lii;:h ]Hiint of land on the main, which was named
the li .'/ litail. On the iQth they difcmered levera
other ih-.all illands, the land of which u i- low, barren,
and faiidv. A point was feen, and called (^apt Gren-
r iu':, aiul a b;iy which took the name of 'fempk liny.
In the afternoon many other iflands were feen, which
were Jeiviniinatcd Bird Ijle^, from their being fre-
<]uenti.-d by numerals flocks of bjrds. On the 20th
m.my more fmall iflands were feen, on one of which
were .n fc.r trees, and fevcral Indian huts, fuppofcd to
h.ive b:^Cii crLiiled by the natives of t!ie main land, as
t 'inpurary habitations during! their vifit to tliele iflands.
On the 2il} thev failed thriui.;li a channel, in which
was a nuiiib.r of (boals ; and yavc the n.ime of I'ork
Ciife to a ]';jint of the main l.ind wTiieh forms t!ie fide
of the tii;innel. A lart-c bay is foimcd tn the fouth
of thj c. ).', which was called \ewiii/lk Ba\, and in
which .ri levrr.il little iflands; on the north fide of the
cape the land is rather mountainous, but the low
p.irts of file country abound with trees; the iflands
difcov.reJ in the morning of this dav, were rallnl
iork lilti. In th'; r.fternoun th;y anchored bcuveen

Iflind.

fomc ifliiids, and iblervid, tint tlii thiiir.el I'liW f"e.
gan logrow wider -, thiy pueeived Iwudillaiil point.,
bi'lwcrn whieh no Lndmuld be feen, lu that the hi.ye
ol haviiijj at Uiiglh expluiid a pall'a^i iiuu the In.li m
.Sea, Ik'^iiii III annnate evei> buatl , hul, to Imiiii', lh«
matter to a lert.iiiily, (he capt.nii took j p.iiiv, .iiid
being accompaiiKd by Millm. Ai ! iiilcr ai.d tl.iiik<i
lluy landed on an illaiul, on wliuli thry had lUn a
nuinbir ot liidi.ins, liii if whom wue on a lull, one
of them i.irrying a bow and a bundle cf anowH, tha
rill armcil with l.iiuis; and round the iieckk ol two
III Ihiiii luiiii; llring', I I nuilhei of pi.il. I line ol
thele Indi.iii^ Hood on Ihoie, j, if to i ppole tin- l.ind«
iiig of the boat, but lluy rciirrd before ii ui. I :.\ ihc
be.ieh. I hei.ipi.iin and lii'. roiiipanv now alciiOi-d
a hill, fii)in whence they hid a view ol ne.ir loity
miles, in vJiith fp.ice th. .e was notliiiij; that threa-
tened to oppole their p.illat;e, loth.it the e. i t.iiiity of
a channel keliud toboalmolt indubitable. I'r'Vi. us
to tluir leaving the jllaiul, Cap'.am Cook '!i!,d. yeJ
the F.nglilh colours, ami look f If I'i n ol ..li ihc
ealbin coalt o| ilie countrv, li..m llie jiJi de.;. (>f
louth latitude, to the pulenti, ot, by th.; name ul. ,
AVit iSj/,(/.i U iiUi, for his fovciern, tin Km,; ofCireat \y ' "
Britain; and three volleys of fmall .inns biinij fiieil,
and anfvvered by an ei|ual number from the Kiuk voiii,
the plai-c receiveil the name of PjljJ. n Iji, n.i. Tie I'lTi-Tion
nc.\t morning they <iA\w three naked v\oiii> n colb cling •''■""'•
Ihell-tilli on the beach ; ,ind weighing anchor, gave the
name of Cup* CjinnaU to the ex'ieme point ol the ^'1^ ^°'^''"
largert illand on the north-well fule of the p.ill.ii^ej "'"
fomc low iflands near the middle of the ehann. i i.-
ceiving the name ol //..//iVj ///. ; I'uon altir whiih Willu'i Ift.
the (hip came to an anchor, and the longboat was
lent out to liiund.

'Cowards eveiiiii;; they failed agiin, and the cap-
t.iin landed wiih \h. Hanks, oil a fmall iflaiid which
was fre(|uented by immenfe numbers of buds, the
majority of w liich belli;; boobies, the pl.iee reccive'J
the name of Uaihy Ijl.iwl. Thev w re now advanci'd „ ,
to the northern extren;ity of New Holland, and had "" '
the fatisfaclion of viewing the open lea to the uell-
waid. The north-eall cnlrancc ol tlu pallage is form-
ed by the main land of New Holl.iiul, and by a num-
ber of iflands which took the name of the Pr lint of
U'altii Ijkndi, and which Captain Cook im.igines ^''""j' .,
may reach to New Ciuiiiea ; thele iflands aboiiml with "•''""'•^"''
trees and grafs,and were known to be inhabiteit, fiom
the fmoke that was feen alcending in many places.

Tothepaltajjethey had failed through, Captain Cook
gave the name of EnJtuvow SiiAJ'U. New South
\V'ales is a much larger countrv than any hitherto ^"1"""
known which is not deemed a coiiiineiit, being larger
tlian all Europe, which is proved by the Endeavour's
having coafted more than 2000 miles, even if her trail
were reduced to a tfrait line. Northward ol the lati-
tude of ;^3 degrees, ihe country is hilly, but not
mountainous; but to the foutliward of that lutitud::
it is moftly low and even !;round. Tlu; hills in ge-
neral arc diverfitied by lawns, and woi^N, and many
of the valleys abound with herbage, though, on the
whole, it cannot be deemed a fertile country, 'lo
the northward the grals is not fo rich, nor the trees
lo high .IS in the loutlierii parts, and .'.liiioll eiciy
where, even the largelf trees grow at a ilitlance ol not
lefs than thirteen yards aluiuUr. In all thele places
where the land forms a bay, the flnic is cove.'ed with
iiKuv^roves, which grow ahoiu a mile in l.md, in a
Iwampy ground, which the fpriiu; tides alwavs over-
flow; in Tome parts then are bogi, covered w ith thick
grals, and there is plenty of under wood in the val-
leys; the foil in general feems unfit for cultivation,
though there are many fpois where the arts of tilLige
might be attended with fuecefs.

I'herc are feveral fait creeks running in many direc-
tions, through the country, where there arc alio brook*
of frcfli water, but there are no rivers of any coiilidcr-
ablc extent ; yet it lecincd to be well watered, aa the
time when the (hip was on the coall, was reckoned
the driell feafon of the year. The guin-trec which

yields

III

lio
iwt

W-1

I >i

HlC

ihu

wi>

lU-
ihc
l.d
ity

tj-

llie

. <i

= ''' NV . So.:.1

icil,
nil,
I

■ 'I'l--

hij) \Vi\iwt m.

was

cip-
hicli

iiccJ n I .
> had
.ell-
)rni-
uni-

intnil.

■'"? \\ .ic< iCiwrj

;tii

I uin

mil

ito

»ri:ci

iu'<

ati-

II. It

tiiJu

![;.■-

any

the

vc;y
not

)avc^
v'.tli
111 a
i-r-
liick
ial-
ioll,

I.1"C

ivc-

ookli

idcr-
tlio
JiuJ
hicli
icUs

F.n.leiivrur

Scicn;lit^.

CAPTAIN COOK.

♦ i»IJ» » r«rin llkr ll.c i!rjp;o()'« hliiuil. ||. xt arc ihrcr
kliiil* ol |>ilni iit'i'«, Iwu III Mliirh 4rr loiirnl uiily in
llitf MKitm'iii i|illri>:l. Niiit liiitu'what rcrcmblni^
cherniils air piciiliirol h, one nl llulc, which w«k'
tiipii'iii'l III hr ratahir, yd I'liiii nl llii- h Jiiicn haying',
nutiv- Ircv with ihciii wm- ukiii tiry ill) Iwcml
U'Imiti >Ii iI wiiliiii * wiik, and it wa\ u<it uiih-
nut ililKkiiltv that tlic tlir ihir>l wa« iicovru J. I'lic
ll'coii'l I'.ii t i>l palm 1^ inii> h likr the \Vi It liuluii cah-
b*v'e-trw, whiih yii'lJ" a cabbage ni an a^Tcrablc
<alli', 'I'lir third lurt abouiidt in lliu lnuthtiii pan,
priKliicct 3 Imall cabbage ol' a very ajjr^vablr Hamur,
ami b<"ii< nuriy lUiK, winch ruriiilh Innd lor hii^i.
rhrrc iH likcwill- a tiie on which (;riiwi a purple au-
pli- that tiUn like a lUmolccn, a» wr have bclorenb-
lerveJ. Ilelidcn tlirle their in » )i)Vlin', piiKhulii)',
H^n, but not (i| llir tiiicK lurl, aiul they haw aimihrr
wliu h braii a l'<irt <>l pliiiiib that \* Hat iin the lidcs
like a chcefc. A plain wan loiiiid Iuk-, thr leaves ol
which were likr thole i>l the bulrufh \ it ) irlJt a briuhl
vrltuvv reliii, that relembUi p,unibiiU|^e, but dock nut
itaiii — il hail a very a^jreeablo linell.

I'lieru are two loitn of yami, the one round ami co-
vered with flriiij>y libics, and ilic othrr iiilhipelikc
a rail I (h ; both ol which arc o| a plral'ant tallc. A
t'riiit III' \ dllag;rerablc flavour was loiiiiJ, in llupe
rcl'emblin,^ a pine-apple \ nnd aiiutber that was
niui.h like a cherry, but had a lol't kernel, 'i'hc
coiiiiiry piriduccs puillainiiMd Wild partly.

The Knjjiifti law here bclulci theiHail already men-
li'ined one that wa« railed a ciuall, the lully <it' this
animal was cjiiite wliitr, it* back was biown with
wiiite I'puts ) and it was like a pole-cat. Vail numbers
of bciutilul pi;;eons wc c obferved lure, and the I'ea-
ni-.Mi Ihot many of them. f'licrc are alio caj;lcs,
hawks, cranes, hrroni, buDards, crows, parrots,
pairoiiuet?, cockatoos, and liime other birds of line
|i|uninf^ci brlid'": qii lils aii>l duvcs,

Ihirc are but lew inl'eds in this country, ami the
ants an.l nuil'i|uilo< aic the chief ainon^ them. I'hert
are tour kinds of the former which del'riv'c particular
liotiue. Tlio tiill of theCc air entirely green, and
live on trees, where they build their nelli in a very
curious m.iniier, bending down the leaves, and glu-
ing them t",;ethir with an animal juice, luppofed to
proceed fuim their own bodies. While Icveral ol
thefe animals were bufied in this employ, ihoulands
were joined to keep the leaf in its proper fituation,
■svhich, when they were difturbcd in their work. Hew
back with a force that anyone would have imagined
to lie fupcrior to their united firength : at the fame
time they avenged themfelves by fevercly Hinging their
diitiirbers. The Cecond fiK-ciis of ants here are black,
and live in tbe infidc of the brandicj, alter they
have worked out the pith. The tliird fort Imlged
tlienil'elves ill the root of a plant that twines imiiul
the trunks of other trees. This they made hollow,
nnd cut into a Rrcat number of pad'ajics that ran acrofs
each other, yet there was no appear aiicc of the plants
having been injured. They were not above half the
fi/.c of the red ants of this country. As to the fourth
fur, tliey were like the Ealt-Indian white ants, and
h.ul one I'ort of nells as big as a lialf-peck loaf which
hiin:; from the boii\;hs of trees, and were compofed of
ftvr.d minute parts of vegetables, which appeared to
be lliii'- 'ogcthcr by the glutinous juice befoie-men-
tionet 'I'hcrc was a comnuiiiicaiion between the
cells, iid there wrre paflages to other ncfls upon the
iame tree, tliey had alfo a hollow covered pailiize to
another neft on tin- ground, at the root of a different
tree. The height of the ground nefts was found to
he about fix fiM, and the breadth nearly the fame : and
the outfulc was plaiftcred with clay almod two inches
thick. Tliel'e had a fubterrnneous paflage ler.ding to
the roots of the trees near which they were cor '\rui5ted,
from whence thele creatures afcended the aunk ami
branch's by covered ways, calculated for the purpofe.
It was conclmlid that the ants relortcd to thcfe
proun: -ncfts during the wet fcafon, as they were water
pmo .

Vol. I. N' 19.

Variety of fifh is fuppli'it by ihelijt in ihifuparf*,
among wliii li are mull<'ts, mylilh jii>1 crabs, Upon
ihi Ihoal, ale I. mud ilie r"i k, pcail, and oilur oylKrs,
as Well as the moU d^liiate ",te ii tin lie, bi lidi s iholc
eiii.inioii, eockli s wllleli li.'Vi been aliiady Miinlloncd.
Allyatum aie loiind in the iivern airl lilt creek-..
I Ik luinitry dues not appear to be Inli ibit 1! by nuiii-
beis any Way propcrliomd to ill great c\uiili iiit
above tiiiity biiiig rvcr (cell logetlurbut oiiir, wliieli
was wK'ii thole ol both I'exes and all a^cs i{iii tn^vtlier
on a K'ck oir tiouny Day, lo view the Ihip. None
<<l thin vill i^es coiil'il(-tl of more liuts than wmil'l
allor,! (lulter lor foiirlrcii or lilteen nun, an I tlielti
were the lirj;cll iiiiniluis that wue allenibled \. illl .1
a viiw to attaik the I'lr^lilh. No pait of the loun-
trv apiHMreil to be lulliv.ited, whclue tlieieimill m-
celUriiy be lewei inhabitants i^n ihe inland parts iliaii
on the I'ea-coall. The men are well ni,ide, ol llio
middle (ize, and aolive, in a liij;li dei-ree i but tluir
voices are liilt, even to eHeiniii,icv. I'luir colour i»
chuiolate \ but tliey were l<i cuveied wiih dnt, as \^
look almolt as black as ni^ros. their Inii l< iialu*
rally long and blaik, but they commonly crippid it
fliuit ; III loine lew iiillanccs it Is lliglitly cuilid, but
in eonimon i|uite llrait ) It is always maitid with
dirt, yet wholly tree from lice i their beards aic
thick and bufliy, but kept fliort by fingiiij;;. Tho
women wcie uvii only at a diltance, as the nun
conltanlly left them behind whin tluy crolled tin;
river. riir chief ornament of thele people is the b'.iie
that is thrufl lhroii'',h the nole, which the lailor*
wbimfically culled their fpiit-lail yard \ but liefuieii
this they wore necklaces formed of lliells, a finall eoid
tied twice or thrice round the arm lietween tlie elbotv
and (liouliler, and a Itring of plaited human h.iir
round the wai|{. Some few of them had an uiiiameiit
ol ihrlls hanging acrol's the bread. Uelidcj thele or-
nammts they painted their bodies uiul limbs whita
and red, in liripes of ditl'erent dimcnfions , and the/
had a circle of white round each eye, and Ipots of It
on the face, 'I'heir cars were bored, but they did not
wear ear-rings.

Thele people accepted whatever was given them,
but feemed to have no idea of making an udei|uate re-
turn \ and they would not part with their urnaments
lor any thing that was ortered in exchange. Their
bodies were marked with fears, which thc'v fignified
were in rcntrmbrancc of the deceafcd. I'heir huts
were built with finall roils, the two ends of which were
fixed into the ground, fo as lo form the figure of an
oven i tlicy are covered with pieces of baik and palm-
leaves. I'he door of this building, which is only
high enough to fit upright in, is oppofitc to the fire-
places. They fleep with their heels turned up towards
their heads j and even in this polluie the I'.it will not
hold more than lour people. In the northern parts,
where the weather was warmer, one fide of the houfe«.
was left open, and the other oppolcd to whatever wiiul
might blow at the time there ; huts were only built lot
temporary ufe, and left behind when th'.'V removed to
other parts of the country \ but if their Aay was only
for a night or two, they had no other proteiilion from
the weather than what the grafs and biiihcs .itibrdcd.
While the huts on the main land were turned from the
wind, thole on the illands were towards it : a kind of
proof that they vifit the idands in fine weather, and
enjoy the lel'refhing breeze while they flept. 'I'hcfe
huts are furnilhed with a kind of bucket lor fetching
water, made of an oblong piece of bark tied up at
each end with the twig of a tree ; and this is rlic only
lurnitureof the houfe. On their backs they have »
kind of bag, of the fi/.e and form of acabba^c-nct, in
which they carry their fiih-hooks and lines, of the
(hells of which they make thcfe hooks ; the ornaments
which they wear confift of fome points of darts, and
two or three bits of paint ; and in this narrow com-
pafs lie all their riches.

Theyfe"cd on the kann:iroo, and feveral kinds of birds

when they can catch them j they likewife cat yams,

and various kinds of frait; but the principal ..rticlc

L I 1 of

117

17-1

2(8

tllE VOYACJt: a F

1770 of their rxifti'ncc is fifli. They were frequently nh-

^.-V^ f.Tvcd with the Itiivcs nf a titc in thrir mouths, Init

wh'"tncr it had the qii.ilitics of tither toh.icfo or btctlc

could not be known ; bu* it was cblervid not to dif-

colour the teeth or lips.

Krom thenotelics that Were fccn in :i great number
of trees, for the purpofe of ilinibiii;; iheni, it vvari
imagined that their nielhod of taking the kanguroo,
Vas by Itrikinj it with their lances as it paflld under
the tree. In thefe likewife, it is prob.iblf, that they
took birds, while thcv were rooftinir, as they ftemed
too (hy to be othcrwife catched. Their method of
prudueing tire, and extending the flames of it is very
lingular : having wrought one end of a ilick into an
cibtufe point, they place this point upon a piece of
i!iy wood, and tiirnini.; the upright nick veo' faft
backward and forward between their hands, fire is
foon produced, nor is it cncrealed with lefs celerity.
One of the natives was frequently obferved to lun
aliinj the fea coaft, leaving fire in various places.
The method taken to do this was as follows : before
he fet ofF, he wrapped up a little fpark of fire in dry
grafs, and the quickncfs of his motion foon fanning
it into a flame, he then placed it on the ground, .-.nd
putting a fpark of it in another bit of ,^rafs ran on
again, ami encreattd the number of his iires at plea-
fure. Thefc tires were fuppofed to be intended for the
takini; of the kanguroo, as that animal was fo very
/hy of fire, that when purfued by the dogs, it would
tiot crofs places which had been newly burnt, even
when the fire was ertinguiflicd.

The natives of New South Wales make ufc of
fpcars or lances, but thefc arc very difterently con-
Itructcd : thofe that were feen in the fouthern parts
of the country had four prongs, pointed with bone,
and barbed, and the points were rubbed with a kind
of wax, the fmoothnel's of which madeaneafier paf-
fage into what was ftruck by them. On thecontrary,
the lances in the northern parts have only one point ;
the Ihafts of them arc of different lengths, from eight
to fourteen feeti arc made of the italk of a plant not
unlike a bulrufh, and confilh of fevcral joints let into
each other, and tied together. The points of thefc
lances are fomeliincs made of fifli-bone, and fome-
times of a hard heavy wood ; they are barbed with
ftthcr pieces of wood or (lone, fo that when thcv have
entered any depth in the body, they cannot bo drawn
out without tearing the flcfti in a (liocking manner, or
leaving fplinters behind tlicm. When the natives
intend to wound at a coniiderahlc diftance, they dif-
charire this inltiument with a throwing ftick, but if
the object be near them, it is thrown from, the hand
onlv. The throwing-ftick is a piece of fmooth, hard,
red wood, half an inch thick, two inches broad, and

* The following may

fcrvf as a fpcciraen of their language

A CO,

I'kf arms.

Ail'Uitjc,

To yaivn*

Bainira,

A man.

Bd.nioOj

The il!/>.

liooia,

7o .-.if.

ChucuJM,

To drink.

Cotta,

A Jo p.

Coyor,

Doonilioo,

7hr nr, k.

Dunji,

A fatllrr.

Elio»rl>algj,

The tfiunif'S,

Ivlamal,

Ihf fffi.

Knamoae,

The crown of ihe ItfAd,

Eva it ba,

T*,i/ or Ihii.

Galan,

The fun.

Garbar,

The Kye-broWi.

Gippa,

The helly.

KlTC, J

Thejh.

K.ilkc,

The naiU,

Ma.ltlc!,

To I'wim.

Ma.. rang,

lire.

Marra,

7i^».

Manual,

The hands ,

Mcul,

The tyes.

Milca,

The cats.

Mitigfiurc,

7c dance.

Mocoo,

The hack.

Morcol,

The Ihroal,

about three feet in length, Iiaiiii: a crofs piece near
lour inches long at one ciul, mv.\ a fiiiall knob at
the other. A linall hi>llow is niaJe in the Ihafc
of the lance, ne.ir tlie point, and in this hullovv
the knob is rtceivti!, but, on being forced forward,
it will eafily flip from it. The lance bting placed
on this throwing Itick, the liuliaii holds it over his
ihoulder, (hakes it, and then throws both lance and
Hick with his utmoil pov^'i 7 ; hut as the crofs-piecc
Itrikes the flioulder, the fiuMtn jerk if ops the (tick,
while the lance is driven forward with amazing ra-
pidity, and IS gener.illy U\ \v\ll aimed, that a mark
at the dillanre of fifty yards is more certainly (tiuck
with it than by a bullet from a jun. I'hefc people
make ufc of (hields made of the bark of trees, of
about eighteen inches broad« and three feet long.
Many trees were iixn from VN hence the bark had been
taken, and others on which the Ihields were cut out
but not taken away. In the northern parts of this
country, the canexs are formed by hollowing the trunk
of a tree, and it was conjectured, that this operation
muft have been performeel by fire, as the natives did not
appear to have any in(fruments proper for the purpofe. '■
The canoes arc in length about fourteen feet, and (b
narrow, that they would be frequently overfet, but
that they arc provided with an out-rigger. 'I'he n\-
tivcs row them with paddles, ufing both hands in tliat
employment. The canoes in the fouthern parts ars
formed only of a piece of bark four yards lon[', faft-
encd together at each end, and the middle kept open
by pieces of wood, palTing from fide to fide. In ileep
water thefc are rowed by paddles, of about a fe>ot anel
an half in length, the rower having one in carh hand,
but in (hallow water they are puflitd forward by
means of a long ftick. As thefc vellcls are extremely
light, and draw very little water, the Indians run
them on the mud banks in fearch of (he!l-fi(h, fome
of which, it is probable, they broil and cat as foon
as they are taken, as it was remarked that in the
centre of thefc vefl'els there w.as ufually a fire burning
on a quantity of fea- weed. The natives have no texils
but a wooden mallet, a kind of wedge, and an adze,
made of (tone, with fome pieces of coral and (hells,
which may pollibly be applied to the purpofes of cut-
ting. They poliih the points of their lances, anil
their throwing-fticks, with the leaves of a tree that
appears to be the wilel fig, which bites with a (harp-
nefs, almolt equal to that of a rafp. Four |ieople
are the greateit number that a canoe will contain :
and when more than this number were to | afs a river, '
three were landed out of the firft freight, and one
man went back for the re(f. Though it appeared
evident that the natives of thefc iflands waged war
with each other by the weapons they po(rcfled, yet not

a wound

Moiee,

The hair of the htt9^

Mootjel,

Awcman.

Mulerc,

The lecih.

Nakil,

T'/ic lillle finger.

I'ecgoorga,

The legs.

Peefc,

The forehead.

I'oapoa,

Earth.

Pongo,

The knees.

I'oona,

Tij.Wf.

Pp(»rai,

n'alcr.

Pc'icea,

t'l/h.

Put*i,

A ii.rile.

Tabugga,

Aliy.

Tac.1,

The chin.

Te,

-^ or the.

The hole made in the lieflrSt for tf'f

Tennapuke,

tone ornament.

Tocaya

iit down.

Tuniurrce.

Afon, , ..;,

Urijar,

The tongue. -- •

Waeccgec,
Wafloo,

The head.

Theitmples..

Waller,

TheSeard.

VVallKwIbool,

A hutterjiy. .

VVonananio,

AJleef.

Wulgar,
VemBe,

The ckudi.

The lit,.

Zo(«oo,

«'«(*.

CAPTAIN COOKi

fsr t}:l

a wound receive J from their enemies appeared on any
ol' their bodies.

In attcniptiji;; to \\'cv^\ anehor in the morning o(
the 24th o( A ui; lift, 1770, the cable brcke nc;'.r the
ring, on wliieli ani.thiM' author was dro|)|'Lj in oidi-r
to prevent the velli.! tVom driving. In the afternoon
tlie hiftanchorwas found, and tlielhipbrmi;;htiip toit;
juft as they Here going to ihip it, \\\z hawl'er llippe.l,
and thus their hibour was tur that time vendend ule-
lefs. However their attempt being venev.'id the ne.\t
niorning, fuccctdcd to their wifli, and loon alter the
anehor was weighed, thefliipgot under fail fuering
iiurth-weft.

A few hours afterwards, one of the boats n-licad
m.ideihe fignai for (hallow water. On this ilie vii-
fel brought too immediatelv, with all her laiU ll.iiul-
ing, when on furveying the lea around her, it .ip-
pe.ir.'d that Ihehudhad a moft forturKite efeape, btinL;
;;lnioll incompalTed with (hoals, bct.sccn which flu-
was lo lituatc, that had (he been half a cable's leigth
on cither fide the track which they h.ul followed, thev
would moll certainly have Hruclc before the lignal was
made which was to warn them of their ilaniier.

Captain Cook now dei.v-riniiied to alter his couife,
and failing again the next morning, he foon got into
decpuater. After this he fleered welfcriy, and no
land being within fight, held on till the dulk of the
evening, when thev fliortencd fail, niakins; oppolite
tacks during the nij-ht. They piirfued their voyage
the next morning, ihortening fail at night as belore,
and tacking till tlie 28th at day-break, when they
fleered due north, in purfuancc of their former
plan.

As they proceeded, the fea wasobferved in many
parts, covered like a fcum, which t!ie I'ailors called
Spawn. On examination, this was found to con-
fill of a vail number of minute particles, each of
which being obferved through a microfcop , was found
to conlill of a conliderable nur.-l , r .if tiibc«, which
were liibdivided into little cells. \Jn burning this
fcum, It did not yield liie liiicll of an animiil luhllancc,
but was concluded to be of the vriietable kind, and it
was afterwards called Sea Saw-dull, inftead of Spawn
by the Tailors.

in tiie evening a bird called the Noddy, was found
among the riiiginfT, As land was feen from the maft-
hei.d, they llood on and oft' all night, and at day-
liroak they I'aileJ towards it with a brifl; g.de of wind.
];et\vc,n.''tx and feven o'clock they faw a fmall illand
at lb' .a three mile, .iillanee from the main lartd, dif-
St. Barii'.olo- tin^uiihed by tin nanus of K^hcrni'Af.n and St. Hnr-
™=w. iImI::ca'. 1 his illand is very flat, and it is cloathcd

wiih ticc<, and among them is that wiiich bears the
rotua. By the fnioke feen on various parts of it, it
W.IS judged to be inhabited. As the water was
fliallow, boats had been lent out to found j but li^nals
were m .fc for them to return, as no increafe was lound
in th' ilepth al'ier failing two leagues. 'I'he capt.iin
then llood out to fea till niidniglit, after whieh he
l:'.cieed and flood in for land till the morning. They
f.iw IjikI fi()in the deck about the diftance of four
league.-, and obferved its appearance to be dill flatane
woody. A great quantity of the fcum already men-
tioned was now again feen upon the furface of the
fea.

They proceeded on a northward courfe jufl in fight
of land, till the 3d of September, but the water be-
ing barely deep enough to navigate the vcd'el, it proved
impoHihlc to bring her near enough to gain the flioiv,
for whirh rtafon it was determined to land in one of
the boats.
. , _ Accordingly the captain, with Mr. Banks and Dr.

•• liol.inder, the boat's crew, and Mr. Banks's fcrvants,

fet out ill the pinnace, but, on account of the (hallow
vvater, were obliged to w ade on (hore, when they
r irne w ithin about two hundred yards of the land.
Fiom the prints w hicli they had feen of human feet
on the land, between high- water mark, they con-
cluded that lome of the natives had been there very
lately. They faw a thick wood about a hundred v.ud's

from the beach, and walked r,n tl-.ehordtrs of it til! 1770

they arrived on the banks of a brook, which was (haded ' , — '

with cocoa-nut trees j at a little dili.ince from which
flood an Indian hut, tliaiched wllli leaves ; and many
cocoa nut-(hell> were fcattered round it, the fiuit of
whieh appeareil to have been lately g.ithered. Here
were alio found plantains, and the bread fruit-
tree.

I'he gentlemen Were at the diflance of about a
(piaiter of 4 mile from the pinnace, when three of the
Indians ran out of the uoods, about an bundled
yards behind them, (houting loudly. Thefe people ran
towards the Knglilh, and tin- full of the hree threw
fomeihing which flew on one fide of him, and burned
like gun-po«der, though it made no noife : at the
lame time the others call ihelr lances. The Englifli
liriiig they (lopped, and tiirew ancthcr lance ; but the
miifi|ueis being lo.ided wil'i ball and lircd at them, the
[ndi.ins retired with precipitation. The captain not
willing to prolong this contell, returned with his
people towards the boat, wliofe crew made fignals
that more of t!i: natives were con. ing doun : leveral
of them wci;? prefently ilifeovered, wb<j dojiped, feem-
iiig to wait for their main bedy, while the gentlemen
having reached their boat, rowed .vbrcafl of them.
It wasobfer\ed that their ftature wns nearly the fame
villi that of the people of South-W.dcs i but their
colour was not tjuite fo dark. Like them, liowevc,
tlieie wore their hair (hort. While thev were thus
taking; a furvey of the natives, the l.itter'l t off their
riles in a regular manner a few at a time; They
feemed to bedifcharged by means of a piece of flick,
almoft like a hollow cane, which bcin ..vnnj fu'e-
v\ays, produced fire and fmoke i xaclly like tiiat oc-
cafioncd by the tiring of linall arms. The crew on
board the (hip faw this ftrange phu.-iKin( 1.011, and
thought the natives had fire-arms. The -( ml, men '
having fatisficd their curiofity by atlcntivefy looking
at thefe people fired fomc mufqiiets above their heads,
the balls from which being luaid to rattle amoii" the
trees, the natives deliberately reined. The lances
which had been thrown foon after the gemkniea
landed, were made of a reed or bamboo cane, and
the points were of hard wood, baibed in feveral
places. — It w.is imagined thi fe lances wcredifehargcd
by means of a throwing-ilick, as tlicy flew with great
fwiftnefs above fixty yards. When this party re-
turned to the (hip, fomc if the officers entreated the
captain to fend men on (hoie to cut down the cocna-
nui trees, in order to procure the nuts ; but this,
with equal wifdom and humanity he refuled ; fenfible
that the poor Indians, who would ill brook even the
landingof a fmall party on their co.t(l-, would rifquc
ihcir lives, and of courfe facrifice them, in di fence of
their property. 'I'he whole coaft of this country is
low land, but cloathed with a richnefs of trees and
herbage, which is beyond defcription beautiful.

On Alonday, the jd of September, the (hip j^ot
under fail, and early in the morning of the Sih palled
two fmall iflands, on the latter of which Captain
Cook would have landed, but as ihey hail then only
ten fiithom water, and as the ground w.as rocky, and
the wind blew fre(h, he might have endangered the
fafcty of the (hip. They now failed at a moderate
rate, with various loundings, till three o'clock the next
morning; after which they had no ground with 120
fathom. Before noon, they had figh't of land, which
was conjciSlured to be either the Arrou Iflands, or Ti-
mor Laoet ; but lliey arc not accurately laid down in
any of the charts hitherto publidicd.

On the evening of the gih they faw what had the
appearance of land, and the next morning were con-
vinced that thcfirft land they had feen was Timor,
and the laft Timor Laoet. The (hip flood off and on
during the night, when a number of fires were feen
on this ifland, and the ncx; morning fmoke was feen
in feveral places, from whence it wasconjc<aured that
the place was well peopled. -.The land near the (hoic
was covered with high trees, not unlike pines; farther
back were tocoa-trces and mangroves j there were

many

■■■M

iia

THE VOYAGt OP

1769

n,.

Hh:

nuny falt-water creeks, ami fcveral fpots of* ground
whitli apiwaicd to have been cleared by art ; and the
whole tountry rofc, by gradual {lopes, into hills of
a very cuiifiderablc height. I'hc land and Tea breezes
Jitln;; now very (light, they continued in fight of
the ifland for two days, when it wasobfcrved that the
hills reached in many places quito to the fea-coaft,
and where that was not the cafe, there were large and
noble groves of the cocoa-nut tree, which ran about
.1 mile up the country, at which diflancc great num-
tcrs of houfts and plantations were feen ; the plan-
I, t inns were furroundcd with fences, and extended
marly to flic luinmits of the moft lofty hills, yet
ni'ithcr the natives nor cattle were feen on any of
Uicm, which was thought a very extraordinary cir-
cumtiance. Kinc groves of the fan-palm (haded the
houfes from the rays of the fun. On the x6th they
had light of the little ifland called Rotte ; and the fame
■ day faw the IjJand Stmait, at a uiftancc to the fouth-
ward of Timor. The Ifland of Rotte is chiefly co-
vtrcd with bufhy wood without leaves ; but there are
a number of fan-palm trees on it, growing near the
fjndy beaches ; and the whole conllfts of alternate
hills and valleys. The ifland of Semau is not fo
hilly as Timor,' but rcfcmbles it greatly in other re-
fpcits.

At ten o'clock this night a dull rcddifli light was
feen in the air, many parts of which emitted rays of
a brighter colour, which foon vanifticd and were fuc-
ceeded by others of the fame kind. This phocnomenon,
which reached about ten degrees above the horizon,
bore a confiderable refemblancc totheAurora Uorealis
only that the rays of light which it emitted had no
tremulous motion : it was furveyed for two hours,
during; which time its brightncfs continued undi-
niiniliicd. As the fllip was now clear of all the if-
lands which had been laid down in fuch maps as were
on board, they made fail during the night, and were
furprifcd the next morning at the fight of an ifland to
the weft-fouth-wcft, which they flattered themfclves
was a new difcovery. Before noon they had fight of
houfes, groves of cocoa-nut trees, and large flocks of
flieep. This was a welcome fight to people whofc
health was declining for want of refrefhment, and
it.was inftantly refolved to attempt the purchafe of
what they flood fo much in .leed of. The fecond
lieutenant was immediately difpatched in the pinnace,
in fearch of a landing place ; and he took with him
fuch things as it was thought might be acceptable to
the natives. — During Mr. Gore's abfcnce, the people
on board faw two men on horfeback upon the hills,
who frequently flopped to take a view of the vefTel.
The lieutenant foon returned with an account that he
had entered a little cove, near which flood a few
houfes ; that fevcral men advanced and invited him to
land ; and that they coaverfed together fo well as they
could hy figns. He reported that thefc people were
very like the Malays, both in perfon and drcfs j and
fai(l they had no other rrms but a knife \^hich each of
them wore in his girdle.

The lieutenant not being able to find any place in
which the (hip might come to anchor, he was difpatch-
ed again with money and goods to buy fuch neccfla-
ries as were immediately wanted for the fick. Dr.
Solander attended the lieutanant, and during their
abfence, the (hip ftood on and off the (hore. Soon
after the boat had put off, two other horfcmen were
feen from the (hip, one of whom had a laced hat on,
and was drcded in a coat and waiflcoat, of the fafliion
of Europe. Thefc men rode about on (liorc taking
little notice of the boat, but regarding the (liip with
the utmoft attention. As foon as the boat reached the
(hore. Tome other perfons on horfeback, and m.iny
on foot hadened to the fpot, and it was obfervcd that
iomc cocoa-nuts were put into the boat, from whence
it was concluded, that a traflick had commenced with
the natives. A fignal being made from the boat that
the (hip might anchor in a bay at fome diftance, (he
immctliattly bore away for it. When the lieute-
nant came on board, he reported, that he could not

purchafe any cocoa- nun, a< theo^ncr of tliein wn«
abfcnt, and that what he had brought wtie^^ivcM him,
in return for which he had prefHd the naivcs with
Ibme linen. The method by which be Karued th.tt
there was a harbour in the neighbourhood, was by the
natives drawing a kind of rude map on the fand, in
which the harbour, and a town near it, was repre-
fentcdi itwaslikewili: hinted to him, that fruit, fowls,
hogs, and (hccp might be there obtained in great
abundance. He faw fcveral of the principal inhabi-
tants of the ifland, who had chains of goM about
their necks, and wore fine linen. The word Potii-
guefe being frequently repeated by the Indians, it was
conjcclured that (bmc natives of Portugal were in the
ifland, and one of the boat's crew being of that king-
dom, he fpokc to the iflanders in his own language,
but foonfound that they h.^donly learned a few words,
of which they did not know the meaning. While
the natives were endeavouring; to rcprcfent the fituatioii
of the town near the harbour, one of them, in order
to be more particular in directions, informed the Eng-
lifh that they would fee fomething which he endea-
voured to dcfrribe by placing his lingers acrcfs each
other i and the Portugucfe failor took it for granted,
that he could mean nothing but a crofs. When the
boat's crew were on the pomt of returning to the (hip,
the gentleman who had been feen on horfeback in the
drefs of Europe, came down to the beach ; but the
lieutcnnnt did not think it proper to hold a conference
with him, becaufc he iiad left his conmiiflion on board
the (hip.

Whi-n the (hip had entered the bay, in the even-
ing, according to the dircitions received, an Indian
town was feen at a diftance ; upon which a jack was
hoifted on the fore-top-maft head, prcfcntly after-
wards three guns were fired, and Dutch colours were
hoilfed in the town ; the (hip, however, held on her
way, and came to an anchor at fcvcn in the evening.
The colours being feen hoiftetl on the beach the nc.it
morning, the captain concluded, that the Dutch had
a fettlement on the ifland, he therefore difpatched the
fecond lieutenant to acquaint the governor, or other
principal refident, who they were, and th.it the (hip
had put in for nccelTary refrefhments. The lieute-
nant having landed, he was received by a kind of guard
of fomething more than twenty Indi.tns, armed with
mufquets, who after they had taken down the colours
from the beach, proceeded without the lead military
order ; and thus cfcorted him to the town, where the
colours had been hoifted the preceding evening.
The lieutenant was now conducted to tlie Raja, or
king of the ifland, to whom, by means of a Hortq-
gucfe interpreter, he made known his bufincfs. The
Raja faid, he was ready to fupply the (hip with the
necelTary refrefhments, but that he could not trade
with any other people than the Dutch, with whom
he was in alliance, without having firft obtained their
confent ; he added, however, that he would make ap-
plication to the Dutch agent, who was the only w hitc
man among them. To thjs agent, whofe name was
Lange, and who proved to be the perfon that was lecii
from the (hip in the European drefs, a letter was dif-
patched, and in a few hours he came to the town,
behaved politely to the lieutenant, and told him, he
might buy what he thought proper of the inhabitants
of tlie ifland. This otter being freely made, and
readily accepted, the Raja and Mr. Lange intimated
their wifhes to go on board the (hip, and that two
of the boat's crew might be left as hoflages for their
fafe rcturu. The lieutenant gratified tlicm in both
thefe requefts, and took them on board juft before
dinner was ferved. It was thought that they wouU
have f.it down without ceremony ; but now the R.ija
intimated his doubts, whether, being a black, they
would permit him to fit down with th;m. The
polittncfs of the officers foon removed his fcniples,
and the greateft good humour and fcftivity prevailed
among thsm. As Dr. Solander and another gentle-
man on board, were tolerable proficients in Dutch,
they afted as interpreters between Mr. L iii^e and the
6 officers.

CAPTAIN c o o r:.

.', .'. I

cir

officers, while foniff of llic Tailors, who underftood
Portugufff, coiivcrdd with fiich ol the Raja's atten-
dants as (poke that languaj;-'. The chief' part of
the dinner was muiron, which the Kaja havin;^ taftcd,
he begged an I'.nglifti fhcep and the only one which
they liad left was given him ; he then aft: d lor a dog,
and Mr. Banks gave him his greyhound ; and a Ipying
glafs was prefentcd to him, on Mr. Laage's intimat-
ing that it would be acceptable. The vifitors now
told Captain Cook, that there was great plenty ol
fowls, hogs, ftiecp, and bulFalos, on the illand, niiin-
bcrs of which fhould be conveyed to the lea Ihore on
the following day, that he might purchafe what wa->
necelFary for the recovery of the lick and foi fea itoris.
'I'his welcome news gave great fpirits to the compa-
ny, and the bottle went fo brifkly round, that Mr.
Lange and his companions became almoft intoxicated ;
they had, however, the refolution to c.xprcfs a defirc
to depart, before they were quite drunk. When they
came upon deck, the mariners were under arms to re-
ceive them J and the Raja intimating that he ftiould be
glad tofcethcmexercife, thecaptain (;ave orders that he
ihould be indulged, and three roun IswcrcPred. Hewas
equally plcafed and furprizcd at their manoeuvres, and
particularly charmed when they cocked their firelocks,
exclaiming violently, " That all the locks made but
one click." This being ended, McU'rs. Solander and
Banks went on fhore with the vifitors, who were la-
luted at their departure with nine guns, which they
returned with three cheers.

When they came to the town, the Englifh taftcd
their palm wine, which was fweet, and not unplea-
fant J it is made of the frefh juice of the trees, with-
out being fermented. The houfes of the natives con-
fined of nothing more than a floor of boanls, over
which was a roof of thatch, fupportcd by pillars about
four feet in height.

On the following day the captain, attended by fe-
vcral gentlemen, went on (horc to return the Raja's
vifitj but their principal intention was to buy the
rcfrefliments which had been mentioned the preced-
ing day. When they landed they were chagrined to
find the cattle had not been driven down to the beach.
They went on to the town, where they obfcrveJ that
the houfe of aflembly, and Ibme few other houfes which
had been built by the Dutch Eall India Company,
were diftinguilhed from the houfes of the natives by
having a piece of wood, almoll in the fhapc of cows
horns, fixed at each end of the roof; and thefe they
concluded were what the Portuguefe failor had ima-
gined tobe erodes, from the Indian's having eroded his
fingers when he was dcfcrihing the town. The R ija
was at the place of aflemhlv, furrounded by many of
his principal fubjccSfs, and ^Ir. Lange alfo attended.
Captain Cook h.iving informed them, that he had
loaded his boat with goods, which he wifhed to e.\
change for neccflary refrefliments, permiinon was
given him to land his effects. The Captain now
endeavoured to make an agreement for the hogs, (hecp,
and buffalos which were to be paid for in c.ifh ; but
this bufinefs was no fooner hinted at than Mr. I.angc
took his leave, having tirft told the captain, that lu
hid received a letter from the governor of Ce.ncordi.i,
in Timor, the contents of which fliould bcdifclui'vd
at his return. As they h.id now no frelh provilions
on board, the gentlemen weic unwilling to return
to the fhip before they had dined, they therefore
requcded the Raja's permidion to buyafmallhog
and fome rice, and hoped he would order his people
to drefs the dinner. To this the Raja very oblig-
ingly replied. That if the gentlemen h;'.d flomach
to cat of Indian cookery, he would have the honour
of confideriiig them as his guefts. A dinner being
thus procured, the captain fentofFthe boat to bring
liquors from the fiiip. Late in the afternoon the
companv fat down on mac<:, which h.ul been fpread for
them on the flmir, having been firlt conducUd to a fcr-
vaiit, who had a vefl'cl made of the leaves of the fan-
palm, containing water to wa(h their li.md*, in wh.ich
the Indian aflilled them. Having waited fomc time
Vol. I. N' 20

for the Raja, thf-y enquired the renf<>f\ r.f iiis .ibr-ncr,
and were informed, th;it the jiulon who gave the en-
tertainment never partook el' it ; hut ih.at the Kaia
was ready to come and tallc ol what was |)rovidid, if
the geiitk-nien entertained any idea th;;t the iruat v/as
unvvholefome. Tin y ad'ured tlie n:t;\(S that thi y ilid
not harbour any fiicli lulpicion, and bi';'an their Jii'-
iier, which conlilied of pork and rice, v. rv cnci llent
of their kinds, ferved up in thirty-lix diflies, nnd
three earthen bowls, tilled with a k.nd ol liuih in
whichthe pork Kad heiii boikd j the I'jioous wcie f. rm-
ed of leaves, but were lo iiiiall, that the hunmr < t
the guefts wouK! I'e.uecly allow them patience to ufc
them. Wju-n iliiricr was ended, the captain invitid
the Raja to drink w iiie u ith him, hiit this he declined,
laying that the man who eiUertained companv ihouhi
never get drunk with his guelh, and that the I'urcit
way to avoid drunkcnntl<, was to refrain frniii
talking the liquor. The gentlemen left the remain^
of the dinner, to their Icrvants, and tlie heat's crew ;
who being unable to cat it all, the R; ia's female fer-
vants, who came to takeaway the uteiilils, inlilhd tliat
they fliould take with tlicmall that remained. When
the bottle had circulated fome time. Captain C'oci:,
bepan to enquire after the cattle that were proir.liLil
to be driven down to the beach ; when Mr. Linge in-
formed him, that in the letter which he received from
the governor of Concoidia, infiructions were t;iven,
that if the fhip fliould touch at the ifle.nd, and be iit
want of provilions, flie fliould be fuppiiiJ, hut that
he was not to permit her to remain lunger than was
abfolutely necellary ; — that no prtknts were to be m.adi;
to the natives of low rank, nor even left with their
I'upcriora to be diviiled among then', after the fliip h.ul
failed ; but, he added, that any trifling civilities re-
ceived from the Indians might be acknow ledged by
a prefcnt of beads, or other articles of very Imall
value. It is probable that the whole of this llory
was of Mr. Langc's own manufaclinv, and merely
calculated to draw all the prefents of any value into his
own pocket. The captain was loon after informed,
that fomc fliccp had been driven down to the beach,
hut had been coiiveved awav before the nu n could
get money from the (nip to pay for the in, and that not
a fingle liog or builalo had been douii, but tliat .1
I'mall number of fowls, and a quantity of the pluiii-
fyrup had been bought. Much vexed to be thus
dil'appointcd of the cliief articles whicli were wanted,
the captain remonftr.ited with Mr. L.ini;e, who toM
him, that it he and his officers had gone to tlie Ipot,
they might have purchal'.d any thing tliat they plialid,
but that the Indians ini:i.>incd, the feamen would im-
pofe on them with couiueifeit money. This flory w.is
no more credited than the former : yet, not to lofc
inore time in a cafe of fuch urgency, the captain in-
llantly repaired to the beach, but there were no cattle
to be bought. During his abfence, Lange informe'd
Mr. Banks, that the Indians were cftendcd, that the
feameii had not offered gold for what they h.ad to fell,
and tliat no other metal would purchafe their commo-
dities : but Mr. Banks, not cluifing to holil farther
eonverf.ition with a man who had been guilty of fuch
repeated falfities, let'l liini abruptly. Some hours
before this, the Raja had alligned a much more pro-
bable reafon for the cattle not being brought to the
beach, by fiyiiig, that the buffalos were too far up the
country to be driven thither in the time ; and the gen-
tlemen returned to the Ihip in the evening, difplcafeel
.at their difappointmcnt. On the 20th, the captain and
Dr. Solander went again on ftiore, and while- the latter
proceeded to the town in fearch of Lange, the captain
(laid on the beach with a view to buy cattle. There
VKas an old man at this place who had been diliinguifli-
ed hy tlie name of the Prime Miniller, becaule he
appeared to be invcfted with confiderable authority;
and the captain now prefentcd him with a fpying-glafs,
in order to make a fiicnd of him. At prefent there
W.1S nothing brought for fale but a fmall bufialo, for
which five guineas were demanded. Though thecap-
tain knew that this was double its value, yet he offered
M m m three

222

THE VOYAGE OF

I 1

1770 three guineas, as lie was willing to bej^iii dealing at any
V I rate. The peiiuii who h.iil it to lilj, laidTliat liecoulJ
not take the nioncv till the Ilaja had bun int'ornird
what was oflVred, on which a man was lent to liini,
who loon came baekwith a nud'age, that live guineas
would be tlie lowett price : This the captain refilled
to give; on which a lecond niefl'age w.is dilpatched,
the beaierot which flaying a loiii; tinie,Capt. Coolr was
anxious for his return, when he law Dr. Siolandei com-
ing towards the beach, clcorted by more than a hun-
dred pcfons, I'omc of whom had lances in their hands,
and the reft were armed with niuliiuets. When the
Ur. ariived at the marketing-place, he inlormed the
captain, that Lange inttrpreicd to him a iiiellage
from the Raja, the lubllance of which was. That the
natives were a\crfe to all traffic willi the Knglifli, be-
caule they would not give above half the real worth
for the tliinjrs which were oficred for lale, and that all
tradiMii wliateviT Ihould be prohibited alter that day.

A native of Timor, whole parents were Portu-
gnel.; came down with this party, and ilelivered 10
the captain, what was pri-tended to be the onlei- of the
Ra;.i, .ind which w.is in fuhltaiice the fame thai J.anje
had told Dr. SoUndtr; but it was afterwarils dileo-
vered, that this man was a conlideiu of Lanire's in the
fcheme of extortion. The Lnglifli gentleman havl,
at the lame time !io doubt, but that the liippofni or-
der of the Rnja was a contrivance of thcfe men, und
while they were debating how to ail in this cjitical
conjuncture, anxious to bring the aftair to a Ipccdy
iflue, the Portu^uefe began to drive away Inch of
the natives as had brought palm-fyrup and fowls
to fell, and others who were now bringing fhecp and
bufF.dccs to the market. At this junilure Cap-

tain Cook happening to look at the old man who h.ad
been diHinguiihed by the name of |)rimc minilKr,
imagined that he law in his features a ilifanprobation
of the prelent proceedings; and, willing to improve
the .idvantage, he grafi'td the Indian's hand, and
gave iiim an old broad fvvord. This v.-ell-timcd pre-
fen'j produced nil the ;.'ooJ effects that could be w illied :
the prime minifter was enraptured at lb honourable a
niaik of di(tinctioi), ai'd brandilhing his IVvord ovr-r
the head of the imi'.cttiiieiu I'oruiguele, he made both
him, iind a man who comr.ir.nded tlic party, fit down
behind liim on ihf ground. The whole bu^lluf^ was
now acco:iiplilli-.d ; the natives, eager to fup|i|y
whatever was \Vaiiteil, brought tlicir cattle in for
f.ile, and the market w::s I'oon ilocked. Forrhernll
t\.'o buffaloes. Captain Cook gave ten guineas: but
he aftirv\'ards piirth.ili.d them by way o.' exchange,
giving a mil. qiL't lor eacli, and .'.t this rate he might
nave bought anv ntimh.r he thou jbt proper. 'I'here
remained no iloubt but that l,;aige h.id a profit out
of the two that were f dd ; and that his real'on for
luu ing f.iid the iKuives would take nothing but gold
for tlieir cattle, war, that he might the more e.ifily
iharc in th • pr iduce. Captain Cook purchafed of the
native.^ of this illand fome hundred g.illons of palm-
fvrup, .1 fm.-ill i|iiantily of garlick, a lar^^e number of

5 1 / c — » ■- • ,0 —

eggs, fome limes and cocoa-nut'.j thiity dozen of
fi.\' iheep, and nine buff.tlois.
; obtained tliel'e neceffarv article'.

fo.vls, tliree hi _

C.ipt.iin Cook haviiij, _

row prepared for failing from this place.

The illand of Savu is (ituated in io'35 fouth lat.
and ?-57 ■ ^o' weft longitude. Its length is between
twenty and thirty miles. But its breadth Captain
Cook could not afeertain, as he only faw the north
fid -■ of it. The harbour in which the ftiip lay, was
called Seba, from a dillricl of the country lo dmomi-
nated : and there are iv,\) other ba\'s on different parts
of the ifland. At th>- time the j'ndeavour lav there
ft was near the end of the dry fea.'bn, when it had not
r.i ned for almoft feven monihs, nor was there a run-
ning llream of frelh watei :o be feen, and the natives
were itipptied onlv by fmall fprihgs, fitiiated at a dif-
tancc tip thecoui.trv, yet even in this dry feafoii the
appearance of the Ifland was beautiful. Near the
cnafl the land lies level, and Well cloathed with palm,
tailed Artcaa, and cocoa-nut trees; Farther oiti the

ground riles in the mt.ft ji.idii.il afccnt, a. id is i.'^-
vered with fair palm-trees even to the topH of the
hills. 111 as to prelent ;i regular grove to ilie view
The rains in thi.i country reaii; in M.nch or Aprils
and fall again in October or November, and thel'.. ri.ins
produce abundance of indico, milktt, ai- 1 ir.ai/.e,
which grow iKneath the fmeft trees in the coui.try.
Jjeddes thefe articles, th'- iiland prodiie^.s tobacco,
cotioii, betel, Tamarind'-, .limes, oranges, n'.iiigoe>,
guinea corn, rice, eallev:incv', and water-ii-ieloii'
A linall qu.intity of cinnamon was fien, .ind (bme
Kuropean herbs, fiuh as girliek, fennel, ccleiv, and
marjoram, befides which, there arc fruits of v.irious
kinJs, and particularly the ilinl:, which has a (liar]i
talleiand isii line pickle, but it is not eaten raw; itslengtli
is Iroin 3 to 4 inches; it is nearly as thick as a man'-,
thumb, of an oval form, coveud with a very tliiit

in, of a very light green, andeoniiMiisa nunib^T of
:eed-. r.iiigtd in tile fhape of a ft.ir. Several buffaloes
were feen on this iflaiiil which were almoft as large as
an ox ; and from a pair of enormiuis horns of thi^
animal, wliieh Mr. Banks law, it was fnppofid
tnat fome of tiieni were much larger ; yet they did
not wi igli nuire than half as much as an o\ of the fame
li/.-'; Im'. ing 'o|t the greater part of their (Iclh through
ihe Lite dLV \'\ atliei : the ititat lijw;\ cr was juicy, am!
of a delicate flavour. Tlie horn?, of thele animals
bend backwards ; they had no de^-lips, and fearee
any hair on tlirir Ikins, and ilieir cars w^it remarkably
l.irge. I'lie otlur tame anima's on the illand are
dogs, cat', pigions, fowls, hog---, goats, flieep,
ad'es, and horles. Few of the horles are .ibovc twelve
hands hi ;h, vet thev arc full of niittle, and pace na-
turally in 1111 expeditious maimer; the natives ride
them wiili a halti r only. The hogs of this country
are fed on tiie liufi<s of riceaiidpalm I'yrup niivtd with
water, and aie remaik..bly fine aiul fat. J'hc fliecp
not unlike a go.11, and are therefore railed Cabaritos ;
their ears, which arc long;, hang down under their
horns ; their noils are arched, and their h'dles .ire
covered with hair. The fjvvls are t;f the game kind,
and though they are raihcr large, the hen lavs a very
final! i-^'^. 'Fhc lea-co:ift finiiilhes the inhabitam<i
w ith turtle, but not in any gicat abundance.

The n.itivesof the illand of Savu arc rather below
the middle U'ture ; their hair is black and ftrait, and
pcrfons of all lanks, as well thole that arc e.vpofcd
to the weather, as ihofe that arc not, have one general
complexion, which is the dark brown. The men arc
well formed and fprightlv, and their features differ
much from each other : the women on the crntrary
have all one let of features, are very fhort, and broad
built. The men have lilver pincers hanging by
firings round their necks, with which they pluck out
the hair of their beards ; and both men and women
root out the hair that grows under th.'ir arm.s ; the hair
of the womiMs heads is tiod in a cliib behind,
while the men wear a kind of turban on their head'-;
formed of inuflio, cotton; or even with filk haiuiker-
chiels, but the heads of the women have no co\ering;
'I'hcdiefs of the men confillsof two pieces of cotton
cloth; one of which is bound round the middle, and
the lower edge of it being drawn pretty tight between
the leg';; the upper cdg;e is left loof-; fo ;;s to form a
kind of pocket, in which they carry knives and other
things: the other piece being paft tinder the former
on the bad; of the wearer, the ends of it are carried
over ilieflioiiUlers. and tucked into the pocket before;
The women draw the (ipper edge o( the piece round
the wailf tight, while the lower edge, droppirg to the
knees makes a Kind of pcttiroat ; the bthcr piece of
cloth is fallened a crofs the br'aft, and iinder the
arms. This eiotli, which is fiKini.l'.'.rturcd by the na-
tives, isdiid blue while in the yarn ; .ind, as it is of
various fliade', its look, when it comes 'obc worn is
very beautiful.

The ornaments of the hativesof Savu are very nu-
merous, and confift o( ring-, beads worn round the
neck and on the wrills, and chn'" of plaited gold
wire, are likcwifj worn by both kxcs ; but the wo-
j merf

CAPTAIN cook;,

Imicn

hiir

iind,

Incti h.nd llkcwifi- pinllcs of heads round tlicir waifif,
which lulp J IOKi:o|i up the petticoat. Al;iiiy dI thi-
boys were Ip:;iIs «i;c p.iflL'd ll'viial tiiin's ruiimi th>-
arins, ahovc thf clboAS ; and foinc of the nici who
were faiJ to he the fons of the Riija, ivore riti^js ol
ivory ahovc an inch thick, and two inches htoad, on
tlic fame part (jf t!ic arm. One man poflWled i lilvcr-
headcd cani-, fiippuftd to have been a prtfent trotn the
Outch I'.all-lndia company, as their mark was en-
graven on the filver. The raja, and the principal ii4-
ticer of his houfehold, were commonly ha'jited in
night-gowns of ordinary chintz ( but one time when
Captain Cook waited on the Uaja, lie was dreflcd in ^
black lluft" robe.

Moft of the iTicn liad their names marked nn their
arms, and the women a black ornament jnft und r
the bend of the dhow, imprefled fo that it could not
be rubbed out. On enquiry, it was found that the
practice had been common among the Indians lonir
before they were vifited by any Knropeans ; and it was
faid that tlie necks and hrenfts of the inhabitants of the
adjacent iflands were marked with circles. It could
not be certainly known how thefe black works were
imprefled ; but the following extradl from M. Bulla's
nccount of fome Indians who dwell on the banks of
the Akanza, .1 river in North America, will afford
a very probable conjeftnre how the opcratioii is per-
formed. [" The Akanz.as (fays this writer) have

adopted me, and, as a mark of my privilege here, im-
printed the figure of a roc-buck ujmn my thigh, which
was done in this manner : An Indian having burnt
Jome ftraw, diluted the afhes with Vi-ater, and with
this mixture drew the figure npoit my (Vein ; he then
retraced it by pricking the lines with needles, fo as
at every piinttiire juft to draw the Mood, and the blood
mixing with the alhcs of the ftraw, forms a figure
which can never be eft'aced."]

The houfcs oii the ifland of Savnarcof difFerent
lengths, from twenty feet to four hundred, according
to the rank of tile inhabitants, and are fixed on ports
of about four or five feet from the ground. The
houfcs aregi ncrally divided into three rooms of equal
iize, the centre room being fct a-p.irt for the ule of
the women, alid fomc times fmaller rooms are in
clofed from the fid-s of the building, the whole of
which is thatched with the leaves of the palm-tree.

The natives cat of all the tame animals which the
idand produces ; but they prefer the hrg to ail the
ni} ; next to hog's flcfh they admire that of the horfc,
to which fuctecds the buffalo, and then the poultry j
and they like the flelh of cats and dogs much better
than that of goats and fbccp. Fifll is not eaten but
by the poorer jHople, nor even by them, except when
biifinefs demands their attendance near the fca-coafl ;
and then each man has a fmall cafting-nct, which he
wears tied roimd his body when lie has not otcafion
to life it.

The fan-palm is the mod remarkable, and moft
ufeful tree that grows on the ifland, its ufes being
equally great and various : foon after the buds put
forth, the natives cut them, and tying nndcv them
little bafkets, formed of the leaves of the tree, a li-
fjiior drops into them which h.is the tattc of a light
wine, and is the common drink of .ill the inhabi-
tants. The men climb the tree Iwitrc a day to bring
down this liquor ; but as a great deal more is obtained
than can be confumed by drinking^ a part of the rc-
inaindvr is made into coarfc fugar, very excellent of
its kind ; and the reft is boiled in earthen pots, till it
is reduced to a iVrup, refembling treacle, but of a much
finer flavour; and with this tyrup thi natives fatten
their hog.s and dugs. The leaves of the trees arc ap-
jdied to the various ufes of making tob.icco pi|>cs,
umbrellas, cups, balkets, and the tl.atching of houfcs.
The fruii of this tree is nearly of the fi^e of a full-
crown turnip 1 bur the natix'csaie not fond o,f it, nor
do '.hey fuft'er much of it to conic to perfcflion, as

* Tlicy liavp pipe: i«a<le of ilic palmlof, wlmh are about
ihc file of » giirfc-.JuiU, ami half a I'uut long, into unc

they wound the MuJlbnis i'o" the W.<i- oi ihc liiiuo: ;^..^^
ihltill' (mill tiiem. 'I lie Kernels ( f thefuiit mult !"■
laten belure it is ri(ie, otherv.ii'e ,hey are fo hat'',
ihatlhe teeth will not penetr.'te them.

i\s wood for firing is very fcarte upon the ill.imli
tie natives, by the followiug method, niiike a verv
little of It anhver the ends of cooUtv i.nd (lilli!!i',tioii.
A hollow isilug under groun.l in a direct line, alioiit
t ,.11 yards Ioiils v^ ith a hole at e;;eh end. one ot which
is large n-ul ilie other fmall ; the (ire i.s [iiit in at thj
l;lrgel^ hule, while the fmaller one lerves as a drau^jil
Circular holes are ni,.de throirjh the e.irtli v, hichcovi ; -
this cavity, and on thele Imlts ■a'^c let earthen pi. is,
uhii'i, In-iiig l.irx ill the middle, and fmaller u-
w.mls the hotti.ni, the Trc a^ts upon a couliJer.il.k-
part of the fur/ace. Tiiey geiier.iiiv contain ahout
light or nine gallons, and aiv :Mi\ral!v kept huiiir.g
with a \ery liiiall qiiamitv ol lucl. jt is thus th;:i.
they make their lyrup and fugar. a, will as hoil all
their victuals.

The betel and areca arc chewed here h"th hv mc '1
and women, and are mi.sed with a fort of linu neuie
of Ihills and coral Itones. To tin (e imrrcdi. ills they
freqitentlv add tol'.uc" ; and tile mi.\ture is of fuch a
naiiire, as being u(ed irimi their infuuy, fpolls the
teeth and breith of all tl\; inluihitants. Ttdiacto
is likewilc fmoked liere, and tie women in particular
were obfe'ved to fwallow the fir.oke. *

Tl'c ifland is divided into five diflricls, each of
which is governed by a Raja. TIrfe divifioiis arc
calleil Tinio, Ivlafl'ara, Regeeua, I.aii, and Keba.
The Eiiglifti went on fliore on the la'l of tin le, vheie
they found a Raja that governed with ihe inolf abfo-
lute authority. He was between thirty and forty, and
remarkable for his corpulency. It v, as ohfervtd that
he governed his people in an abfniute mniiiier, but
took very little regal pomp upon iiim. The prime
niiniftcr who has been mentioned, feenicd to he in-
verted with great power, and to have the direction of
the Raja in alnioft every refpeift i it w.is apparent how-
ever that he did not abiife this power, :is the people
tinivtrfally loved him. The Raja and his couiilellors
ufed to fettle the difputes of the natives in a manner
that was equitable, and generally falisfactorv to the
contending jiarties. Mr. Langc, to whom Cap-
tain Cook was chiefly obliged for the accounts that he
received of this ifland, informed him that the In-
dians wcrc able on a fhort notice to raife 73O0 light-
ing men. Their arms are lances, fpcars, niufquets,
targets, and pole-axes, which lart, aic lumcvNhat like a
wood-bill, but have ftraiter edges, and are heavier. In
the ule of their lances, thele warriors are faid to be
fo expert, that they can pierce a man through the
heart at fixty or Icventy yards diftance. Yet the R;ij.i
had always lived at peace with his neighbours.

Heforc the towri-hoiife there was a great gtin ; thiie
were alfo femic I'wivels and patararocs. l?iit thogieat
gun laj" with the touch-hole to the ground, and the
fwivcis and patararoes were not in their carriages. A
number of (jiears and target;, were feen in the town-
houfe, all of which were of different fi^cs, and it was
with thefe that the natives had armed thenifelvcs when
they came down with Dr. Solander to influence the
market. Ruft had almoft deliroyeil the infidcs of thcif
mufquets, but the out-fides were kept clean and bright.
The men had but very little powder and ball in iheic
cartrid«;e lioxes, but a piece of paper war. put into each
hole, as if they had been furnilned in a proper man-
ner. They mareacd in an irregular ni;inner, as haij
been already noticed, and each m;iii brought with
him a fowl, fomc tobreco, or fbme other triflinr ar-
ticle, which he thought he could dii'pofe of.

"the inh.ibilanis of Savu (fays our author) are
divided into five ranks, vi/.. the Rajas, the land
owners, themaiuifailurers,the fervants, and the flaves.
I'he R.ajns arc chief; the land owners aic rcfpciftoJ
in proportion to the extent of their eilatcs, and the

number

end of wliicli tlicy put the tbbacco intended for the purpofe
of liiiekinji;.

■•*

aa4

1770

THE VOYAGE O i'

nitm'ifr of their flavcs, wlilcli laft arc bought and I'olil
uitli tliiir cKatcs ; but a t',it Im^ is the piKC i>( diU'
it (nircliaful li ii.iraiily. Notu ;thrtiiiuliii||; a inan may
lliiis I'lll hi> Have, or ccmvcv liim with liis l.uuls, yet
his powtr docs not ixicnd farthLr, as Ui: may not tvtn
(hike liim witlioiit tlii.' Raja's pcrmiifion. 'I'lic tllatcs
of thcle land-holders are of viry ditFcrcnt extent;
feme of them not prdiffini; above five (laves, \vhil((
others have 5'::^. When a man of rank goes abroae',
one of his (laves fallows hlin with u tilvcr-hilted
(word or haii!;i.r, ornamented with horl'e-hair tad'els,
and another carries a little hap, coutaininn; tob.icco,
betel, arec.i, and lime. 'I'his is all the itatc that
even the Rajas themfelvcs take upon them.

" Thefe people have a great veneration for anti-
quity. Their principal hoali is of a Ion.: line of ve-
nerable anccftors. 1 hofe houfes that have been well
tenanted for tuccenive generations, are held in the
liighert efteem : ,nen the lloiies whicli are worn
fmooth by having '.^een fat upon lor ages, derive a
certain value from that circumllancc. He whole
progenitors have bequeathed him any of thel'e (lonts,
or whole wealth has en.ablcd him to purehalc them,
caufes tlwm to be ranged round his habitation, for his
fervants and (laves to fit upon, I'hc Raja caufes a
large ftonc to be fet up in the chief town of each dif-
tricl as a monument of his reign. In the province of
Seba, thirteen fuch (tones were fccn as well as the re-
mains of fevcral others which were much worn. Thefe
floncs were all placed on the lop of a hill, and (ume
of them were of fuch an enormous fi^e that it was
amazing by what means they could have been brought
thither ; nor could any intormation on this head be
obtained from t^e natives : thc(': monuments, how-
ever, indicated that for a feries of generation.*, the
idanil had been regularly governed. — When a Raja
dies, proclamation is made that all thofc who have
been his fuhjefls fliall hold a folcmn feftival. On
this they proceed to the hill where thefe (tones arc
ercifled, and feaft (or feveral weeks, killing all the
animals that fuit thei"- purpofe, wherever they can be
found in order to furnifh the treat, which is daily
fcrved up on the inoiiuniental (tones. When they
have thus exhaufted tlieir whole (tock, they are
compelled to keep a fait ; and when the fea(t happens
to end in the dry feal'on, v\hen they cannot get vege-
tables to eat, they have no other fubfiltencc than the
fialm fyrup and water, till the k-w animals which
lave cfcapcd the general maflacrc have bred a fuffi-
ciciit number for a frtfli fupply, except the adjacent
ililtric^ happen.s to be in a condition to relieve them.
" The natives of Savu have an inllrunient witi
«hich they clear the coltcn of its feeds ; it is about
feven inches in height and fourteen in length. They
have alfo a machine with which they (pin by hand
as was the cuftom before the invention of (pinning
wheels in Europe.

" It was obferved that the inhabitants of this
idand were in general robu(t and healthy, and had
every mark of 'ongcvity. The fmall pox, however,
is a diltemper with which they arc acquainted, and
which thiy driad as mucli :is a peltilence. When any
perfon is attacked by it, he is carried to a fpot at a
ililtance from the houfes, where his tood is conveyed
to him by means of a long (tick, as no one dares to
venture near him. Abandoned by all his friends he
is there left to live or die as it may ha|!pcn, without
being .idmittcd to pny comforts of the tommunltv. —
" It appears that the Portuguefc very early vilitcd

Munionne, rt mim
Munama, on ctJ mnn
Anawuritckcc, a chilii
Moiiocopai, ti kcjf
ISLnIfb, tU ryei
Olailc, ihf lrmf\e%
Siv.ineii, t^-- ni\f
'I'anearri, ihr j:it'ie,iii
Cavai antra, t'ftlifCKi
Vftirj, it*' ('•tctt^

Dulno, //'r htly
l*a(^avce, the diin
Camaccno, the orm
Wulalea, M.- hanj

\ R<JoriK), ifie kneei

! llait)o, the lers
Diinccala, the feet

I ««\v, hiiir
fjnaca, a tle^

i Vavce; rt hctr ~

' Dgwnbi, ujlteji

this idand on which they cA*blinied a ('fltienicnf, bii(
foon atter they were fuceecded by the Dutch, wh-i
without lormallv takinr; pi.lliirion of the pi lee (li.t .1
number of trading velfclo in order to eltablilh .itum-
mcrce with the natives. .Mod of the IJutihpui-
ch.ifes, It i.T (uppo(ed, are confined to a (upply ot
provifions for the Spice-Ifl.indb, the inhabitants of
which breed but * fmall number of cattle. J'iieJ.lulch
Ei(t India Company made an' agreement with the le-
vcral Rajas of the iflaiids, that a nuanlily of rite,
maize, and eailavances (hould be annually funu/h^J
to their peop!<, who, in return, were to fupply th'-
Rajas with (ilk, linen, cutlery wares, nuil airaeic.
Certain (mail vi dels, each having onboard ten Indian?,
are fent from Timor to bring a way the mai/.e and v al-
lavances, and a (hip that brings the articles furnifheil
by the Dutch, receives the rice on board once a year;
and as there are three bays on this coa(t, this ve(ii:l
anchors in each of them in turn. The 15ui.h ariiclcs
of commerce are accepted by the R.ijas as a prefcnt ;
and they and their chief attendants drink of the arrack
without intermidion till it iscxhauded.

" It was in the agreement above-mentioned that
the Raj.as (Hpulated that a Dutch rcfident ihould be
coiili.inily en the idand. Accordingly thi.-> Langc,
whom we have mentioned was lent thither in thuc
capacity, and a fort of adiUant with him whole fa-
ther was a Porlugucfc and his mother a native of
Timor, with one Frederic Craig, whofc father was
a Dutchman and his mother an Indian. Mr. Langu
vifits theR.ija in liatc attended by fifty flaves on hor(c-
back, and if th tops are ripe, orders vellcls to con-
vey them immi itely to Timor, fo that they are not
even houfed upon the idand. It is likewife part of
his hudnefs to pcrfuadc the landholders to plant if he
perceives that they arc backw.ird in that particular.
This rcddent had been ten years on the iflaiul, when
the Endeavour touchi-d there, during all vvhu h time
he had not feen any white pcrfons except thoie who
c.-ime annually in tnc Dutch vefl'el, to carry cfi' the
rice, as above-mentioned. He was married to a native
of Timor, and lived in the fame manner as the na-
tives of Savu, whofc language he (poke better than
any other. He fat on the ground like the Indians anti
chewed betel, and fccmed in every thing to refeinble
them except in his complexion and the drefs of his
country. As to Mr. Craig, his afTiltant, he was cm-
ployed in teaching the natives to write and read, and
inftrufting them in the principles of Chrillianity.
Though there was neither clergyman nor church to
be ("ccn upon the illand, yet this Mr. Craig averred,
that in the lownfhip of Seba only, there were 600
Chriftians. As to the religion of thofe who have not
embraced Chriltianity, it is a peculiar fpccics of Pa-
ganifm, every one having a god of his own, (bme-
»hat after the manner of the Cemies heretofore
mentioned. Their morality, however, is much purer
than could be cxpeifted from fuch a people. Robbe-
ries arc fcarccly ever committed. Murder is unknown
among them ; and though no man is allowed more
than one wife, they are ftrangcrs to adultery, anJ
almoft fo to the crime of fimpic fornication. When
any difputes arife between the natives, the determina-
tion of the Raja is dccifive and fatisfaiSory, Some
obfervations were made upon the language of the
natives, by the gentlemen, while the vend lay herci
and 1 kind of vpcabulary formed, a (ketch of which
the curious reader will find in the note annexed. •
Of the idands in the neighbourhood of Savu, the

principal

Maio, rt cat
Dolocla, <i f'ird
Dullou, an e^ft
Nudoo, ttji/b
Unjoo, «i turtle
Vooc, /'■"'/

Nai, tiKtrr9

Yirroc, crtw^es
Arrc, ti.e
\.ot\o, thf fitn
\\'uiioo, the ItKCtt

Booro, heni

(.'ova, <i rcitt '

Capa, ajl:fi -.^ »'

Sootvc, rej

Bulla, Hack

Sau-lodo, the /tjornini;

Munflo-lodo, the eirnhf*

O, ).-,

Onaa, fo f<\t

Nccnawci, tt drink

CAPTAIN COOK.

■us

Erlncipal is Timor, which is anniinlly vifitcdby tlic
>iitch rcfidiiKs Oil the oth.T ill.itniii, In orJ^r to
m:ike up liiinc of their .iccoiints. Some of ilii; towns
oil the north fide of Timor are in the hJnJi of the
Portiigurf", but the Dutch poU'ef' a far gie;ULi prcrior-
tion of the illand, on which they have built a fort ami
erccled fevtral ftorc-houfis. 'I'herc are three fmall
iflaiids, culled the Solars, which produce great abun-
dance of t!ie various ncccH'aries of life, that are car-
ried in fmill vcflcis to the Dutch fettlemcnts on the
ifland of I'imor : thcfe iflands are low and flai, and
one of them has a commodious harbour. To the
weffward from the Solars lies the little ifland of
Kndc, which is yet in the poniflion of the I'ortu
gucfc, who have built a confiderable town on the
north-calt point of it j and dole to the town is ;'.n
harbour where fliips may ride in fafety. The ifland
of Rotte has a Dutch rcfident on it, whofe bufinefs is
fimilar to that of Mr. Lange on the ifland of Savu :
Rotte protluccs, bcfidcs fuch things as are common to
other iflands, a confiderable quantity of fugar, which
is now made to a great degree of pirlciStion. Tlure
is lilcewife a fmall illand lying to the weft of Savu,
the chief of the produce of which is the arcca-nut, of
which the Dutch receive in cxchanijc for European
cornmoditie?, as larijc a quantity every year as will
load two veflll?.

A French fliip was wrecked on the coaft of Timor,
about two years before the Endeavour was in thcfe
feas, file had been lodged on the rock fcveral days,
when the wind tore her to pieces in an iiiftant, and
the captain, with the greater number of the feann.n
were dnivMied ; but the liciuei ant and about 8o men
having reached the ftiore, trav'.tled acrofs the country
of Concordia, wlurc their iinmcdiatc iicccflities were
relieved, after which they returned to the wreck, in
company with fonie Dutch and Indians, whoafiifled
tlam in recovering all their cliefls of bullion, fomc
of their gums and other cffecls : which being done,
tlxy returned to Concordia, where they remained fe
v^ral weiks ; but in this interval death made fuch
havock among them, that not above half their num-
ber remained to be fcnt to their native country, which
was done as foon as a veflel could be fitted out for that
purpofe.

On the 2iflor September, 1770, the Endeavour
failed from Savu, fleering weftward. In the after-
noon of this day a little ifland was difcovercd in 10''
47' fouth lat. and 238° 28' weft long.*

When the fliip got clear of the fcveral iflands be-
fore-mentioneil, there was a continual (well of the
fca from the fouth, which Captain Cook imputed to
the pofition of the coaft of New South-Wales, ima-
};ining it to have determined the fea in that diredion.
On the 28th they ft(ered north-weft the whole day,
in order to get fight of the land of Java ; and on the
30th the captain received from moft of the ofliccrs and
I'camcn their refpeilive journals of the voyage, regard-
ing which lie advifed them to obferve the moft pro-
found fecrccy ; and he likewil'e poflcffed himfelf of
the log-book. In the night following there was a
llorm of thunder and lightning, when the land of
Java was feen to tlie caftward by the brightnefs of the
lightning. In the morning they had fight of the
ifland of Cracatoo, which is fingular for the height
of its peak. Early in the morning of the 2d of Oc-
tober, when the (nip was fifteen fathom W'ater, (lie
was clofe in with the coaft of Java, along which they
now ftecred. As their Indian friend Tupia, was
at this time extremely ill, the captain now difp.itchi.d
a boat to the fliore, to endeavour to bring him fome
refrefhing fniif, and likcwifc to procure grafs for the
bnftalos. As ftx)n as the boat landed, the inhabitants
affiftid the (lainen ia cutting giafs for the cattle, and

Vol. I. N"20.

Ta rai, fo run
Ta inuilic, lo talk
Ta buni(F, iufntne
Jlfe, er ulli:, tnt
Hoc:, Im

Tulloo, thrft
l!pp>, f.ur

Unna, Jix
I'ctao, Jnen

gathering a bunch of plantain* and a few cocoa-
nuts, fi,r which they reciivid a (liilini,;, and v. a. in
wvr^ !irou;;ht off to th.- Ih p. — I'll-' l.mJ.n J .v. ...id
a deligiuiul .ipp.arance, b-ini^eveiv i\hi''' vviU co-
vered w:th trees. '1 his da, tluy had hl^Iu i.f two
Dunh vi-ll'els, and an oflicLi btini; dilpaii ned to cm!
ol lliem, to barn .irv inlen (ling iiitdlit;. i!>.e, he
brou;'ht word back, that the Sxs allow h::d ii'jiliid ihu
Englilh channel in (alety ; that difputes were carried
11 t;reat lengths at home, in regard to th.' rr.iiiiltcrs,
and in America, on ace lui.t of taxes ; and that thj
Ruliians, I'ole-, and 'lurk"., were embroILd in a
war. 'I'he ofli.er (aid, thai the velleU werj Dutch
l£aft-Indiainen, bound iVoni I3atavia, one of th.-m to
the CMlt of M.d.'.har, and the oih'-r to the ifland of
Ceyj.in : he laid likev.ifc, t!iat there was a kind of
packet-boat, which he had been told, was appuinted
tocarry letters from the D itch (hips that came ihiih.r
to Hatavia, but Captain Cook conjectured tli.it her
biifiiuCs was to examine fuch (hips .is (hoiild pais the
(freight. The (hip had now b,: n (oine hours at an-
chor ; but alight breeze fpringing op in tli.' cv niiio-,
they got under fail, and continued to proceed at a
flow rate during the night. On the -;d in ihe morn-
ing, the Dutch packe-.-boat was obferved fa:Kn;j: ;.flcr
the Endeavour ; but (he bore awav again 011 tiv (liift-
ing of the wind. This changing cf the wir.d ebli",iiin;
the Endeavour to come to an ;.nclior, ihe n-.alier ili
the packet-boat came along-fide her, in one of the
boats belonging to the country, bringing with hiin
rice-birds, monkeys, parrots, pariLujuet' , ducks,
fowls, turtle, and other things, with .111 intention to
I'ell them ; but as the ftock which had been laid in .it
Savu was not yet confumed, and he had fixed a very
high price on his commodities, very few articles were
purchafcd : the captain, however, bought twenty or
thirty fowls, and a finall turtle. The inafter ot the
packet-boat had brought with him two books, in one
cf which he wrote down the captain's name, and that
of the vilTel, to be fent to the governor and council of
the Indies, and in the other book he requeiled that
fnme of the gentlemen on board would likewife write
down the name of the veflTel, • ith that of tlie cr.n-
tain, where (lie came from, • what port (he was
bound, and as many particu' ■> refpedting anv perfon
on board, as themfelves n ,it thinkneceil'ary to fatis-
fy the curiofity of any of their friends w ho might
afterwards enquire for them. In this book fever.il
Portugurfc veflcls, and fome of other countries had
many entries of the fame kind, but a lieutenant on
board the Endeavour, having written thefhip's name,
added only the words, " from Europe:" yet of this
the ma(ter of the packet took no other notice, faying
he was content with whatever they were pleafed to
write J as it was only for the information of his
friends.—

Having now weighed anchor, they attempted to
fail, but the wind not enabling the vtlTel to ftem the
current, (he lay to till the 5th in the morning, when
a Dutch officer coming along-fide, fent a printed
paper to the captain, containing the following queries.
I. The (hip's name, and to what nation (he belonged ?
— 2. Whether (he came from Europe, or from anv other
place ' — 3. Erom what pKicc (he departed laft ? — 4.
Whither (he was bound? — 5. How many fhips be-
longing to the Dutch Company had been ieen on the
laft coaft the veflel had left; and their names ? — 6.
Whether one or more veflels had been in company
with the Endeavour, and had failed for that or any
other place ' — 7. Whether any thing had happened or
been feen remarkable during the voyage.' — 8. Whether
any (hips had been feen or hailed in the ftreights of
Suiida, and what they were. — 9. Whether they had
brought any other news worthy of attention from the
N n n place

1770

Arop, fif^ht II Singoroo, I'n

Saio, uine || Singoroo Itfc, fteven

* This iflanti has not Iccn Uiil Uuwa in any gf the cliarw
liithctto puUlidicd.

.11 \i

i».'^

I*,f"l

THE V O Y A CJ E () K

plKo whence till' fliip took lur ilt'p.irtiirc, or wlictlicr
i.i\- ihiiiL' clli' haii li.iii|aiiLil Jiiiiiig the voyage that
\' l^ w'lMtli I omimiiiic.tiiil;^ '

Till' i)iiillioiis wiio riibliribcd " B ATAVIA, in th •
C'.i(!L\ Hy imlcr nT thr ( icucrniir-^i;iu r.il aiiJ thi-
CoiiiilVliors ot liuli.i. '/. I'tiiiii.itr Hii -I. Sir."

The oIliiTi hail riiaiiv p.ipin ol' t'li- l.iir.c kinJ In
KriMin, Uiiti'h, an. I nthsr Luv^mj^is. Ohlcrvin*,
hiiwi'vcr, ui.it thi' c.ipljin ili>l nut ihiifc li> anlWcr .ni,
•ll' the .ibinc ijtudi'Mi^, cxeept the t'lrll and I'onith,
he ohlirveil that the nil were not material, th<iii:',h
It «as riniarkeil that julV alterwarils he I liil he nuill
ililp.iti-h l!ie i).i|>cr t(i Hatavia, at which place it wiiiKI
arrue hy the niM il.iv. i'hK eNamin.itiiin was laihir
rxtrauriliiury, and the more In, as it dues not lieni
to half hitii lit any ii'iii; Itandini;.

" I'he anchor was weighid a> loon as the Dutch
• 'tricrr departed, hut in timr hours the fllij) w.i-;
toricd to come to an anchor ai^ain, till a brei/.c Ipran;;
lip i flic then held on lui tourle till the next morning:,
when on account of the rapility of the current, the
anchor was dropped ai-ain. At tail they weijjheJ on
the 8th, and llooj clear of a laryc leil!;c ot rock-,
which they had alnioil ran upon the precedin;.jday.
lint ill the foieiiHin ihey were once more ohiigcd to
anchor near a little illan.l thit was not laid do.vn in
any chart they h.id on hoard. It was found to be one
ol ■ thofe called the Milks Illes. Mr. Barks and Dr.
Sohndcr having landed upon it, collected a tew plants,
an I fliot a bat which was a yard loiijr, bcin^ mcafurcd
(torn the extreme points of the winjs i they alio
Icilleil a few plovers on this ifland, the hrcidth of
which docs not exceed one hundred yards, and the
length five hundred; they found a houfe and a little
fpot of cultivated ground, and on it grew t!ic Polm.i
iVirijlif from which the Well Indians make their
caftor oil.

I " Ina littletlmcaftcrthcgcntlcmcncamebnck tothe
(hip, lome \Ul.ays came along-fidein a boat, bringing
with them foine ponipions, dried hfh, and turtl.; fur
la].: : one of the turtles, which wcijh.d near one
hundred and fifty pnaniU, tl-.ev ftdd foradollar, and
iecnied to expect th-' lame piece of money for thcii
fiuitj hut it bein;; hintnl to th .11 that a dollar
was too nnu h, tliey dtfired that one might be cut, and
a piece of it given t(. them, b'lt this notbiingcom-
jilied with, they at length fold twenty-fix pompions
for a Portuguefe petaeka. When they di jiartid, thev
intimated their wiliu's that this traiifaotioa might
jl'Jt be mentioned at liatavia,

" Tlif fliipnow m.-djhut flow way (ill night, when
the land-bueze fprin^ing up, they fiiln! to thciall
Ibuth-eall, and on the following dav, by the allifl.inci
of the lea-breeze, they came loan anchor in the load
of Batavia. At this place they found a number of lar^e
Dutch veflVl';, the H.ircourt Kafl-Indianian from
EnglaiiJ, whi.:h had loll her pafi'age to China, and
two (liips b I'lngin:; to the private trade of our India
companv. Th.' I.ndcavour h.id no fooncr anchored,
than afliip waMud'trved, with abroad pendant flying,
from which ;; boat was dil'patclicd to demand the name
of theVLirO, with that of the commander, &c. To
th-'l> enq'iii ie- C.pr.iin Cook gave Inch ani'.veis as he
th.nijht prop-r, and the ciP.cer v.ho commamled the
b:>i<t d parte I. This gentleman, and the crew thatat-
teiided him, were fo worn out with the unhealthi-
ii?('> of till- eliiii.ite, that it was apparent ninny deaths
\viHild follo'.v ; vet at prelVnt th-re was not one invalid
on bonrd, excpt the Indian Tupia. The captain
ii-iw dilpatehid .inolTi.Tr to the governor of the town
to .ipidogife for the Endeavour's not falutin^: for he
had but three guns propn- for the purpole, except
fwivels, and he was .ipprehenfive that they would not
be heard. The Ihip was fo leaky, that fhe made about
nine ineiiei water in an hour, on theavcraisc} part of
th." f;!:'.' k'el was gone, one of her pumps was to-
tally 11 1 -i' , and the reft fo much decaved, that thev
could not lid long. The officers and leamen concur-
ring in opinion that the (hip could not fafdv put to
fe» ajjain in thik condition, tho captain reJ'olvcd to fo-

licit pcrmiflion to heave hiv down \ but a» ht! ha^
le.irned that this mull be done in v.riiiiig, heditwiip
a petition, anil had it tranflaled inio DiuJi.

" On W'ednefday Dclobei th: io:li, 1770, thi cap-
tain and the lell of the gmileim n uiiii on Ihor,', and
applied totlieonly Knglilh gentleman ilieii refuUntat
liauvia ; tins gmtleman, uh|>le n.une w.is Leilh, re-
ceived his coiintrvmcn in the polite!) manner, and iii-
tirtained them at dinner with great hid'piialiiv. Mr.
I.eith inlormtil them, that a public holil was kept in
loivn, by order of the Dutch governor, at which
place nierchanis and other llraiigers vveie obrigeil tj
lodge, and that tin- l.iiidlord of the liotil was iioiinJ
to Imd them waiehoulis lor their goods, on the eui..
diiion of receiving ten (hillings on e\eie hundreil
pounds of their value, but as the Kndeavour uas .1
king's Ihip, her officers, and the other g'-iitleinin,
might relide where they thought proper, only all.iii:^
leave ol the governor, whofj perniiriiun would be in-
rtantly obtained. Mr. Lelth added, that thiv might
live cheaper in this way than at the hotel, if thty
hid any perfon who fpoko the Hatavian tongue,
whom they could rely on to piirchafe their |)ro-
lifions, but as there was no Inch perfon among th*
whole Ihip's crew, the gentlemen immediately bc-
Ipoke beds at the hotel. In the afternocii Captain
Cook attemlid the governor-geneial, who rceei\eJ
him poliiilv, and told him to wait on the council the
next niorning, when his |ietitioii fliould be laid be-
fore them, and every thing that he Iblicitcd llieuld
be granted. I. ate in the evening of this dav, ihiro
li.ippencd a moll terrible llorni ot thunder and lii^lit-
ning, accompanied with very heavy r.iin. In this
llorm the iiiain-nialf of a Dutch Kail liidiaman was
fplit .nnd carried away by the deck ; and the main-top-
niaft ind main-top gallant-niall weie torn to pieces ;
it is fuppoled, that tlie lighliiing was altraiited by ail
iron fpindle at the main-top-gallaiu-mafl-head. The
Kndeavour, which was at a (mail dillance from
the Dutch fliip, efeaped without dani.ige, owing,
ill' II probably, to the elecliical chain which con-
duiled the lightning over the velFcl.— A ccntinel
on board the Kndeavour, who was charging his muf-
i|uet at the lime of the (lorm, had it (haken out of
his hand, and the ram-rod broken to pieeis ; the
eleclrical chain looked like a Iheani of fire, and the
fliip fiinained a very violent (hock.

" Capt. Cook w aited on the gentlemen of the coun-
cil on Thurfday the nth, who iiiforined him that
all {lis reiiueus (lunild be complied with. In the in-
terim the other geiitlenien made acontraci with the
mailer of the hotel, to furnilh them and their friends
with as much tea, coffee, punch and tobacco, as they
might have occafion for, and to keep them a feparato
table, for nine Ihillings a day Englilh money : but
on the condition that every perfon who fliould vifit
them, (lieiild pay at the rate of four fliillings and fix-
pence for his dinner, and the fame fum for his fuppcr
and bed, if he cliolc to fleep at the hotel j they were
likewife to pay for every fervint that attended them
fifteen pence a day. It was foon difcovered, that they
had been much impofedon: for theic charges were
twice as much as could have been demanded at a pri-
vate houfe. 'I'hey appeared to live clcg.inlly, but at
the fame time were hut ill fupplied. Their dinner
confifted of fifteen dilhes, all fervid up at once; and
th. ir fupper of thir'.een, but of thefe, nine or ten
were of the moll oidii.ary, becaufc the cheapcll, (poul-
try) that could be purrhafed, and even fomeot thcfn
dilhes were obferved to be fervcd up four times fuccef-
fively : a duck, which was hot at dinner, was brought
cold in the evening, the next day ferved up as a fri-
cafec, and was converted into forced meat at niglit.
Our countrymen, however, only fared as others had
done before them : it was the eonllant cullom of the
confcientious mailer of the hotel, to treat all hisguefls
in the fame manner, when they hrll took up their re-
fidence at his houfe : if they took no notice of it, all
was well, for the landlord had the better cullomers of
them: if tliiy rcmonllrated againll Cuch treatment,

the.

CAPTAIN COOK.

they

.•cic

pri-

[l at

mcr

And

ten

>ul-

liclie

cuf-

ight

Iri-

;l,t.

liad

the

;fts

rc-

all

:nr,

the.

tlic t.ibic wai Iicttcr niid In;tl..r ("ii|i|)llcil (mm liiiii: l"
tunc, till, ill llic I'lul, llii y h.ul no ii .ilun tu loinpl.iiii.
Thf i^oiitUiiHii h.i. 111^ iciiiul l.iult with llini I'.iii',
Uiic artirw.irds liii plied in a lictlti' nianiKr : bin
Mr. IJaiiks not .ip;)! villi; tlii; coiiiliict of ill" iii.ill-i
lit' the liiitti, liiKil l.i.(i;inj;s lui- liini'i If .mil In',
attcnil.ims at the adjoining Imwri, fur whuli Iica;;i4<d
tu p.iy forty-live lliillingN a inonth ; lut Ikiv lie
was diLippoiiiled in liic hope III li.nl forniiil of liMiip
retir'.d J for feaitily a l)iitihinaii li.id oci.ilion to
p:ifs by the hniile, liiit he r.m ill wilhuiil leiiioiiiy,
tociii|iiire wh.it w.is to In- foM ; for ii is a vciy iilii.il
thing at ll.ilavia, for llian.'ers who are iiiaprii.itc
lapacity, not to be fiiriiilhed with foiiie aitiiks ol
tratfic. Ill this lioiife iiobidy was pi iiiiitlid to llup,
asaijiicltof Mr. Jiaiiks, without his hid beinj; frp.i-
rali ly paiil for ; it is ilii iiniieifil i iilloin lure to liiii
a c.'rri.ige, and Mr. H.niks engagid two, forwhuli
lie p.iid ei^hti-iii (liillings a d.iy ; tliefe carriaiies an
open ihaifes, in whitli two pel Ions fit conniiodioufly,
and arc driven by a man filling on a kind of coach-
box.

" Their Indian friend, Tiipia, Iiail been, till this
time on board, \ery danyeroiilly ili, yet iK-rfilled to
rcfiife every meilicinc tli.it w.is urt'ered him ; Mr.
Banks now feiit lor him to his hoiife, in ho|Ks that he
miaht recover his health. While he w.is in the (hip,
and even after he w.''s put in the boat, hewasiiulif-
pofed, and low fpitiled, in the iitinoll degree, but the
moment he c.ime into the town, his whole fr.mie ap-
peared as if re-aiiiniatcd. The houfes, thecarriagcs,
the people, niul many other objeiils, were totally nc«
to him, and altonilliment took pofl'elTion of his fea-
tures at a fight fo wondeifiil ; but if Tiipia was
alloniflied at the fcenc, his boy, Tayota, was par-
fcftly inrnptured, dancing aloiii; the Urccts for joy,
cxaminiiij^ the fevcral objects as they prefented thcni-
felves with the mod carneft curiofity. Nothing rtriick
Tiipia fo much as the vaft variety of dreflls worn by
the inhabitants of Uatavia : he enquired the rcafon ot
what appeared fo very extraordinary in his eyes. Be-
ing informed that the people were of a variety of na-
tions, and tli.U all were dredld according to the mode
of their own country, he was defirous of following
the falhion ; this reiiucftbein;; complied with, a pcr-
fon W.1S difpatchcd to the Ihip for fomc South-fea
cloth, with which he foon cloathcd himfelf in the
drefsof the inhabitants of Olahcitc. 'I'hc people of
Batavia, who had fecn an Indian brougkt thither in
M. Bougainville's ihip, named Outourou, niiftook
Tupia for that man, and frequently enquired if he
w.is not the fame.

" The ncceflary repairs of the fliip being ordered to
to he made at Ouruff, Captain Cook obtained an or
tier to the fupcrintcndant of that ifland to receive her ;
unH he wrote to the fecrctarv of the admiralty, an ac
coiint of the fafc arrival of the Endeavour in the road
of Batavia, and diQ^atchcd his letter by a Dutch fliip
that was bound to Europe.

" ThcCaptain now applied to feveral perfons to ad-
vance film money fufficient to defray the cxpence of
wpairing the ihip ; but not one could be triund in the
whole town who had the itquifite fum in his poflcf-
icflion, or if he had w.-is willin;j; to advance it ( he
therefore made application to the governor, who illiicd
hisoitlers that he ihould be fupplicd out of the trea-
fury of the Dutch Eaft India company.

" Early, in tlic morning of the I'lth of October,
1771, the fliip gut under fail, and proceeded to
Ourull: ; and, in a d.iy or two, tlie crew began to
take out her (lores, which were dcpofitcd in a wharf
on Cooper's Illand ; but this buiinefs was rendered
unavoidably tcdiou', by feveral Dutch (hipi being at
the fame wharf taking in their l.idlngs of pepper. —
After little more than a week fpent at Batavia, the 111
elTeifts of the climate began to be feverely felt j Dr.
Solandcr and Mr. Banks were indifpofcd with fevers ,
Mr. Banks's two fervants were exceedingly fick } the
Indian boy Tayota, had an Inflammation on his lungs ;
and I'upia was fo ill, that his life >vas defpaircd of.

Tliiir iiiilif|iolllion was aliiibulid partly lo the 1-7;-)
luaiiip\ liiiiaiiin of the town, and tin IIcikIi oI tht'v,x^-'\i>
illil; i.ui.iU with which it ..buiiiuls. J!y llie ;C,tli of
llie 111, null, very few of the cnw war uill ciioiigll
to do duty I and on this il.iy a tent w.i^ iiiclttl lor
llicir ivciption. Tupi.i ii^'w luiucltid to becoiiMycil
to llu- fliip, in hopes of breathiiii; a pun r air th 11 ill
the town 1 but his requcll couKI not be i;r.;iii .1, aS
Ih..' W.IS uiuii ged, aiid pieparations wrie nwkiiig to
lay liir iliuMi, in ouUr ih.il (he mij;ht iindirjn A
ihoiiui^.h repair ; on the 2S1I1, howevii, .Mr. H.oiki
.iiiiiiliil Tupia 10 Co. pel's lll.iiid, wliire a tint «a»
pit! lied for him, in (lu h .1 filu.ition, uluie Ik- was
.iliiiiKit ly nliiilud by the l.iiul and li.i l>r.\/.is , aud
ihr poor iii-ature wms (ii ill, that hecmild not Kavu
Ili'. Ivii 1 Mr, ll.inks's fever was grc.iily iiure.ilid,
.111.1 Dr. .'^ol.imkr's grew wi>rfe iicry d.iv. The fliip
was at liii;,[li laid ilov.ii on the 5tli of Kovembei, on
wliiih il.iy died Mr. Moiikhoulu the furgfii, vliod;
lofs u.is the more (ivcii'iy hit, as lu w.is a niauof ■
(kill in his profellion, and (VII a f.icrifi-e to the pi f-
tifirous air of the country, at a time wl..n his abili-
ties were mod wantid ; l)i. .Sol.uider, lhoii;Ji ex-
tremely ill, had (lunglh fufKciint to fie his 11 mains
committid to the ground, but .Mr. Banks was uii.iblo
even 10 pay this fad lull duty to a woithv man.

" De.iths were now very (Veil ucnt amoii(; the l.ii^lifh ;
fever.1l Malay iVrvants v.MC eng.igcd to wait on tho'.i.'
who were ill ; but ihcfe people «eic lo rcmifs in their
duty, that it was no uncomnion thing f.ir the (iek
man to leave his bed in fiarch of his alt' ndaiit. The
Indian biy Tayota paid the debt of nature on the Qlh
of this month, and I'upia was fo flioeked at the hi-,
that it was evident he could not long furyive this Kuf-
fortune.

'* The (hip's bottom having been canfully fur-
veycd, our countrymen had rcafon to he thanli-
ful for having been prcfitvcd dining a pad'age of li.-
veral hundred miles, througli the moll dangirous
I'eas on the face of the globe: for the fluathiiig
in feveral places was torn Irom the vcliel ; tho
falfe keel was in a great mcafiirc gone j the main
keel was damaged in many parts; (Vveral of the
planks had received grc.it injury 1 and a pirt of tlirit:
of them was thinner than the fole of a (hoc.

" Dr. Solander and Mr. Banks were now (o worn
down by their tliforders, that the phvfician u lio at-
tended them, recommended the coimtrv air, as ths
only thing that could pofTibly reflore thi-m to the
wirfics of their friends. In confeijii.ncc of this ad-
vice thry hired a country houfe cf the marter of the
hotel, who engaged to fupply them with (laves, ,ind
to furni(h their table; bit as they had fu(Sciently ex-
perienced the worthleirne("s of tliefe (laves, they
bought two Malay women, who foon became excel-
lent nurfes, from that tcndcrnefs of nature which
docs fo much honour to the fex. While thefe gentle-
men were taking mcafurcs for the recovery of th^Mr
health, poor Tupia fell a vlifUm to the ravages of his
ilifordcr, and to his grief for the deceafid Tayota.
When Tavota was firfl felzcd with the fatal diforder,
he I'eemed fcnfiblc of his approaching end, and fre-
quently faid to thofe that were about him, Ticm mutt
fa i " My friends, I am dying:" he was \ery tract-
able, and took any medicines that were offered td
him ; they were both buried in the idand of Edam.

'• Capt, Cook beftows great encomiums on the of-
(icers and the workmen of the marine yard at Ouruft,
by whofe fliill and diligence, the bottcni of the (hip
was pcrfedtly repaired by the 14th of the month ; and
he warmly recommends the heaving down with twd
mads indcad of one, which he j fays is undoubtedly th'-'
morcexpctlitious as well as thefafer method. — By this
time not above ten men were able to do duty out of
the whole ftiip's crew, and thefe wcfc cmployeil in
getting water and dorcs aboard, and in putting up the
rigging. The water was purchafed at Batavia, at thtf
rate of one hundred and fifty gallons for fix fliillings
and eight-pence."———

The captain was now taken ill, and Mr. Sforins

unl

228

THE V O Y A c; E O V

r>' l>«'c with

an 1 a f.iilor, who attcniKH Mid'n. n.iiik* ami Sol.m-
iltT at their country hnud-, were .iti;n kid with iii-
fi'irnittiiif^ I'cvcT'^, but thcii; i»\) mnlliiiuii griw I'lmi-
lliinj Iv .ur, thiiuj;h thi.r rccuvcry «:is V(r)'(liiw.
'ri\cir hcufr was fitu.it'.'J en the Imrili'is ol' .i livulil,
wIik'ii iif toiiill, alfiftiJiIi.- iircnl.itioii ul' Uic uli.aiiJ
it w.is liki'wiil- "I'.iii to t!ij (' I brit/i-.

In tliL iiiL;ht of the .^5tli I'icie fill fmli a (huwcr
pf rain, fur the f|iai\' ol luiir hams, as even our voy-
agers had caufc cvi r to nriicnUk r. 'I'hi' water piuiiLd
through every p.irt of Mr. Il;.Mkh's h'Uili-, ami che
lower apartmiiits admitted a (lie.iin fuJIieieiit to tinii
a mill. As this ;;entlrnun was now greatly refloied
in hiallh, he w.iit to Hatavia tli,' |ilk>winc; day, and
was liir)Mifed to Ice that the iiihriliiants had hung
•heir bidding to dry. The welK-rly nionlooii fit in
about the ifeth of this month, it b!n\v> in the day-
tinio fron» the north or north-'.vei!, and from the limtli-
well during the night ; privioii.. to tlii;, there had
b;en \ialent fhowers of rain for level il ni^lits. The
inufijuitos and t;n.its, w lioh; company had been fuf-
lii-ienlly dilagrteablc in di" wcatliir, now b.'yiin to
i'warm in immcnfe numbers, riliii;; frcm the puddles
of w.i'.er like bees from a '■i\e ; I'liey v.Me extremely
troublefomc during the ni^'.ht, but the pain urilinj;
fro:ii the (ting thoiigli very levere, llldoni lafted more
thin half .-n hour, and in the day time they feldom
inaje their att.icks. 'I'lie frogs kept a pi rptiual croak-
ing in the ditches, a certain fi^n tha'. :h.' wet feal'on
W IS commenced, and that d.iily r.iiii niiL.lit be ex-
peeled. — The fliip beinj; repaired, the liek people
received on board her, and the (;ioater part of her
water and llores taken in, (he faikd from Ourull on
the 8tli of December, and anchcired in the load of
Bata\ il i twelve davs were employed in receiving the
remainder of her pinvilions, water, and ollur necef-
faries, though their biifuuls would have been done in
much Id's time, but 'hat fome id' the crew died, and the
m.ijority of the fuivivors were Co ill, as to be unable
to I'ive their airillancc. On the 24tli, Captain Cook
touk leave of the governor, and fome other gentlemen,
will) had diftinguilliid themfelvcs by the civilitiis tluy
lii'-wed him ; but at this juncture an incident occurred,
that iiiiglit have produced confequcnccs by no means
tiefirable. A failor belonging to one of the Dutch
ftiips in the road of Batavi.-., defertcd from the vefl'el,
and entered himfclf on board the Endeavour. The
captain of the Dutch fl^ip having made application to
the ';ovi iiior, claiming tliedeliiuiuentas afubjectofthe
Stales (icncral, the governor illued hisorder for the rc-
iloratiun of the man; Captain Cook h.id but juft taken
leave of the governor, when tliis order was delivered
to him, and he laid, that the man fliould be given up,
if It appeared he was a Dutchman. As the captain
was at this time on fliorc, and did not intend going
on board till the follow iiig day, he gave the Dutch
officer a note to the lieutenant, who commanded on
board the Endeavour, to deliver the dcfertcr on the
condition above-mentioned. On the following day
the Duteliman waited on Captain Cook, informing
him, that the lieutenant hi.d abfolutely refufed to
give up the fcaman, favi ig he was an Irifliman, and
ofcoiuli- a fubjectof his liritannic Majcfty ; Captain
Cook applauded the conducf of his officer, and added,
that it could not be expedlcd that he ihould deliver up
an Englilh fubjci^f. The Dutch officcrlhcn faid, he
was auihorifed, by the governor, to demand the fu-
gitive as a Danifh lubjeif, adding, that his name was
entered in the ftiip's books as havin;; been born at
Elfincur; to this Captain Couk very properly re-
plied, that the governor muft have been millaken,
when he gave this order for delivering the defertcr,
who had his option whether he would ierve the Dutch
or the Englifh ; but in compliment to the governor,
the man ihould be given up, as a favour, if he ap-
pe;'.id to be a Dane, but that in this cafe, he ftiould
by r.') means be dunand^d as a right, and that he
would certainly keep him, if he appeared to be afub-
jeillpfthe crown of Great Britain. The Dutchman
nuvi tooic his leave, and he had not been long gone
7 •

before the r.iptain received a letter fmm the com-
manding ollieer on board, containing, lull proof, that
the man was an En^-lilh fubjeet. 'I'liU liti,r the
eaiitain carried to the (hebander, ikfniii.i him to Ijy
it belnie the governor, and to inform him, that the
man nioiild not be dilivercd up on ahy terms what-
ever. This (piriteil condiicl on the part ofCiptain
Cook, had the defircd tdciit j and thus the matter
cndtd.

This dayllu' capl.iin, attended by Mr. Banks and
the other ^;entlemen \\\\u had hiili'.rfo lived in tin:
town, rep.'.i;' d o:i boaid tlie fbip, which got under
(ail the next nn.niing, The Endeavour was faliitnl
by the fort, .liid by tlie Elgin E.K-lndi.cman, wliieli
then lay i.'i the ro.ul ; but loon after tliele compli ■
ineiits were returned, the fea-brceze felting in, ihry
vi'cre obliged to come to anchor. Since the arriMil of
the fliip in llat.nia road, enry peifon beloiijir.g tij
her had been ill, except the fail-maker, wTio was
more than f vuity years (dd, yet this man f;ot diunk
every day while Ih' y remained there. Tlie !• i:d- ;\uii[
buried (even of hir people at Batavia, vi/;. I'upiaanJ
his boy, three of the fiilors, the firv.int of Mr.
(jrcai, the allrononv r, and thcfurgoiii and at the
time of the vellil's failiii;!, forty of the crew wiie
liek, and iheielt lo eiifei blul by their l.ite illr.cfs, a?
io be fiareel^- able to do their duly. " The town
of Batnvia hliiate in 6' lo' fouth lat. and io6 50'
eaft long, from the ir.ciiJim of Crieiiwich, i»
built on the bank of a large b.iy, lonu tli'ng more
than twenty miles from the ytre.ght of Sui";i, oil
the north fide of the ifl.,ii'' of Java, on a I .v boggy
ground. Several fmall iivi r, whici. rife forty mile*
up the country, in the mountains of lil.,e.i , en L'cri/,
dil'charge thtiiifelves into the fe.i at ll;is jdaee, having
(ir(} intiifefled tlie town in dilferent diieciions. '("here
are wide canals of nearly Itagnated water in almolt
every (fleet, and as the banks of the canals are planted
witii trees, tluvappe.ir^'.tfirH very agiecablej but thefe
trees and canal> combine to render the airpcitikiilial.
Some of the rivers are navigable, more than thirty
miles up the country ; and, indeul, the Dutch ap-
pear to have chofeii this fpot to build the town on,
for the fake of w..tcr-carriage, in which convenience
Batavia exceeds every phiee in the world, except the
towns of Holland. A writer who publiftied an ac-
count of this place near 50 years ago, makes the num-
ber of houfes at that time 4760, viz. 1242 Dutch
houfes, and 12CO Chiiicfe houP.s, within the walls j
and io66Dutch houfes, and 1 240 Chiiiefc houfes, with-
out the walls, with 12 houfes for the vending of ar-
rack. I'he flreetsof Bataviabeing v. ide,and thehoufes
large, it ftands on more ground than any place that
has only an equal number of houfes. In dry weather
a molt horrid ftcnch arifes from the canals, and taints
the air to a great dcgrcp ; and when the rains have (o
(welled the canals :hat they overflow their banks, tlii
ground-floors of the houfes, in the lower part of the
town, are filled with ftinking water, that leaves be-
hind it dirt and flime in amazing quantities. The
running dreams arc fometimcs as offcnfivc as the
(l.ignant canals, for the bodies of dead animals arc
frequently lodged on the (hallow paits, where they
arc left 'o putrify, and corrupt the air, except a
flood happens to carry them away ; this was the cafe
of a dead bufl^alo, while the crew of the Endeavour
were there, which lav (linking on the ihoal of a
river, in one of the chief ftrcets fur fevcra! days.
They fometimcs clean the canals ; but this i)ufinefs
is performed in luch a manner, as fcarcely to make
them lefs a niiifance than before, for the bottom being
cleared of its black mud, it is left on the (ide of the '
canal till it is hard enough to be taken away in boats,
and as there are no houfes for neccil'ary retirement iit
the whole town, the filth is thrown into the canals
regularly once a day, fo that this mud is a compound
of every thing that can be imagined dlfagreeable and
oftenlive. There is a new church in Batavia, which
is a fine piece of building, and the dome of it may
be fecii far oft' at (la. "^1 his chuich is illuminated l>y

chandeliers

CAPTAIN COOK.

aaf

tKaiide!i(M of the mod I'uperh woilnn.infliip, and h.u
■ lliii; organ ; n\ol( nl' llic olhoi puMic liuilillni;< arc
incicnt, conlliiiili (I in an ill talK', anil ^ivu a v>iv
coinpliat idra of IJiitcli tluinlini:!^. Tluir melhuii
ofb.iildiny; llu'ir lioiifi;* feenis lo li.ivf lutn taught
tlirm by the tliinatc. On the tjiounJ-door ihttc i»
no roHin but a large hall, a cornt i ol whiih i« partcil
oft' tor ihf tranfaCti.iM of buliritli j the liall has two
doors, which arc commnn'y Icl't open, and are "p-
pofirir each other, (o that ihi- air pillU Incly iliiciUfih
the ro(im, in the middle of which there n a coint,
which at oiirc incrcafes the draft of air, and afl'ords
light to the hall ) the Itairs, which arc at ihk cDiner,
lead to large and lofty apartnitiits above. 'I he fe-
male (lavrs are not permitted to fit in any place but
the alcove formed b»the court, and this il the uiual
dining place of the t.iniilv.

The town of Datavia !>- cnconipaflid by a river of
fliallowr water, the Ureani of which is very rapid ;
within this river, which is ofdiftcrent widths in va-
rious places, h an old (lone wall, much decayed in
many places, and within the wall is a canal that is
likcwifc much wider in fome places than in otlicrs,
fo that there is no entering the gates of the town but
by crofling two draw-brid|^<s j there arc but few on
the ramparts, and no perfons arc permitted to walk
there. There is a kind of citadel, or calUe, in the
north-cafl corner of the town, the walls of which are
hoth broader .md higher than they are in other parts;
it is furnifhcd with a number of large guns, which
command the lamling-placc.

Apartments arc provided in this caftic for the
governor-general and all the council j and in cafe of
a fiege they have orders to retire thither. In ihe caf-
tic are liktwife :i number of ftorc-hnufes, in which
the cfTciSs belonging to the company are tiepofitcd.
The company havj in their pofllftion large quantities
of gun-powder which is kept in did'cient places,
that the lightning may not deftroy the whole Hock
at once, a great number of cannon arc likcwifc laid
up within the callle. There arc a great many fort>
built in difl'trcnt parts of the country, fcvcral miles
diftant from Batavia, mod probably eredcd to keep
the natives in fubmiflion ; and befides thefe there are
a number of fortified houfes, each mounting eight
guns, whirh are fo ftationcd as to command the
canals and the roads on the borders. There arc houfes
of this kind in many parts of tlv.- iHand uf Java, and
the other idands in its ncigboiirhood, of which the
Dutch have obtained pulleflion. The Cliinefe
having rebelled againft them in the year 174c, all
their principal houfes were demolifhcd by the can-
non of one of thefe fortrfied houfes, which is in the
town of Batavia, where, likcwife, there arc a few more
of them.

The roads of this country are only banks between
the ditches and canals, and the fortified houfes being
ere£led among the moraflcs near thefe roads, nothing
is eaiier than to deftroy .them, and confcquently to
prevent an enemy from bringing any heavy artillery
near the town ; if, indeed, an enemy be only hindered
a (hort time in his approach, he is efFc£lually ruined,
for the climate will preclude the ncceflity of the ufe
of weapons for his deftru£lion. Before the Endea-
vour had been a week at Batavia, her crew began to feel
the ill eflFcils of the climate j halt of them were ren-
dered incapable of doing their duty before the cxpi
ration o( a month. They were informed, that it was
a very uncommon thing for 50 foldicrs out of 100
brought from Europe, to be alive at the expiration of
the firft year, and that of the fifty who might happen
to be living, not ten of thofe would be in found health,
and, probably, not lefs than half of them in thehof-
piul.

All the white inhabitants of Batavia arc foldicrs,
and, at the expiration of five years fervice, they are
bound to hold themfelves in readincfs to go to war,
if they (hould be wanted, and the younger inhabitants
are frequently muftered ; but as they arc neither trained
nor exercifed after the expiration uf the five years
Vol. I. N" 20.

iK-forc-mentloncd, the little ihey hav: leuned is Toon
lir^ iil'n. [The I'onuguefc, wh.> Ik..' in tlii. couii-
ii\, employ tlii'iiil. Ives very iiiuk.l< in Ih (iiin.; li. '
>''ei, and the wild li>>g, uiience they heeoiue 1 .. el-
Liii inaikfmcn.] I lie liidian>, ot wh.iievcr naiioii,
who nil Je here, aiul hiv. litlur bei Ji iiinleh'i, or
were horn fi>, are called MatdyKcrs i lnii ncilhir ihif'l
nor the Chinefe are aci|ii.ontul with liie-.iiin-, yet
as thi le people are f.iid to podils j;reat p.tloiial l)i.<-
veiy, iTiuvU inij;l\t be exptCled from tliilr expert illc
ol theii da^yeis, Iwoids aiul l.iiii i <. It wuul.l lie a la-
borious talk to aloH'k Datavia hv land, and it is iiit
p.'llib.e to make any ..itack at all hy lea, lor the flial-
lownefs of the water w.iuM hlniler any villlls liom
a.lvancin^ wuhin canii"ii-th<it of the »alls ; indeed
there I3 barely depth of w. ter for a llnp's luiiij-boal,
xcept a n.iriow thannrl, called tlu' livir, which
ixtends half a mile into the liarbuiir, and is llioii|^ly
bounded on each file with purs, the other end of it
l/eiiig dirciftly under tiie file of th.- callle, while its
communication .itli ih^ canals of the town is pie-
vcnted by a brjom of wood, which is every n'^lit (hut
precifely at fix o'clock, and never cpcncd nil the ful-
lu'A'ing day.

Any number of (hips may anrhor in the harbour of
Batavia, the ground of which i forxeelkiit that ilie
.inchor will never quit its hold. 'I'his liaihour is
fomctir.ics daimi rous fjr boats, when the fea-hrcczcj
blow frefh i but, up in die whole, it is deemed ine belt
andmolt commodious inall India. There isaconlider-
ahle number of idands, .vhcli arc fituitd lound the
outfide of the harbour, and all thefe are in the pof-
fertion of the Dutch, •ho didine them to diflueiit
purpofes. On one of them, which is called I'ur-
merent, an hofpital is erected, on account of the air
being purer than it is at Baia/ia. In a fecond, ihs
name of which is Kuyper, arc crciJted luiii.b. is of
warehoufes, in v\hicli aie lodged the ric;- and foma
other commodities, which belong to the Dutch Ead-
India Company 1 at this idand tliofe (hips belonging
to difTerent nations, which are to be repaired at
Ouruft, unload their cargoes; and it w,s here that
the (lores of the Falmouth man of war were laid up,
when flic wa; condemned on her return from Manilla |
her warrant officers, of whom mention has been made
in the account of Captain Wallis's voyage, were fent
to Europe in Dutch (hips about half a year before the
Endeavour anchored in the road of Batavia. A third
of thefe iflands, the name of which is Edam, is ap-
propriated to the reception of certain offenders, whofe
crimes arc not deemed v/orthy of death, and thi-
ther they are tranfported from Holland, and detained
from five to forty years, in proportion to the hei-
noufncfs of the offence they have committed : makitig
of ropes is the principal part of the employment of
thefe criminals.

The environs of Batavia have a very pleafing ap-
pearance, and would in almofl any other country, be
an enviable fituation. Gardens and houfes occupy
the country for feveral miles, but the former arc lo
covered with trees, that the advantage of the land
having been cleared of the wood that originally co-
vered It, is almoft wholly loft ; while thefe gardens
and the fields adjacent to them are furroundcd by
ditches which yield a difagrceahle fmell ; and the
bogs and moraliei in the adjacent fields arc ftiU
more ofTcnfive. For the (pace of more than thirty
miles beyond the town, the land is totally flat, ex-
cept in two places, on one of which the governor's
country-feat is built, and on the other they hold a
large market ; but neither of thcle places is higher
than ten yards from the level of the plain. At near
forty miles from the town the land rifcs into hills,
and the air is purified in a great degree ; to this dift-
ancc the invalids are fent by their phyficians when
every other profpcft of their recovery has failed, and
the experiment Cuccccds in almoft every inftance, for
the ftck arc reftorcd to health ; but they no foontr re-
turn to the town, than their former diforders rcvifit
them. On thefe hilh the moll opulent of the inha-
O o ^itaatt

;jo

THE V O Y A C; E O V

'7;

hit.'nt«havf country fiMt^, to which ih /pay .111 annuitl
^ifit. 'I'hiiri- whnrdiilc conltantly 011 ihi' liilU cnjuy
:in .ilnutit pri|irlujl flow of health ; ami niiil) ol tlu'
\rV • hlti >>t Kuro|)« prow as free I y thirc a« m then
n.iilvc (jroiiiul '. ihf (Jrawbfrry In |>artiiular floiirillin
i;riMtly, which i> a lulFu'iciit pruul o| the cuoliioli ol
tlu- air.

The rice of tKln country U very plcntifiil, nnil, in
order tii be hroiiijht to piTtcitioii, (hoiilil Ik- iirulcr wa-
ter more tli.iii halt' Ihf time It ii j^rowing : hut they
have a (ort which i^rowi on the (icics ot thc> hllK,
whit h In vinknown in the WcK-liidla lllaiul'' ) tiii'<
furl ii [ilanteJ when the wet feafon coniminces, ami
the crop IS I'.ilherril in, foon alter the rain* are over.
The iiiai/r, which (;rowara;;us, onions, radilhcs, cabbages, Icttucis, eu-
cumbfts, lentiUs, kidiiey-beanj, hyHoii, f.^je, rue,
Cliintic white raJifhes, which when boiled, are not
unlike a parfnip, common potatoes, fweet potatoes,
wet and dry vain<, millet, and the egg plant, the fruii
of wliicli, when broiled and eaten with lalt and pep-
per, is in(dl exquifitc fiiodi Ama/.ing i|uantities of
fugar are produced licre, and, while the i|uaiitity is
beyond conip.iril'on greater, the e^i.re of cultivation
is inconceivably lei's than in the \\\l\ India illamls.
White fugar is retailed at tw'o-p.'nce half-penny the
pound i and arrack is made ot th" niolaflLS, with a
im.dl addition of rice, and the wine of the cocoa-nut.
The inhabitants likewifc raife a little indigo for their
own ufe, hut do not export it.

I'lie fruits of this country are near forty in num-
ber, and of fonv.- of thefe tlicrr are fe.eral kinds
Fine-apples grow in fueh abund.uice, that they may
be purchafcd at the tirll hanil. for the value of an
Englilh (arthingi and they h"ii^ht fome very lar;
ones lor a half-penny a piece at the fruit-lhops,
and their taftc is very excellent. Tliey grow fo
luxuriantly, that feven or eight fuckers have been
feci) adhering to one ftem. The fweet oranges of
Hatavia arc good of tlieir kind, but very dear at
particular times. The fli.addocks of the Well In-
dies, called here I'amplemoofcs, have an agree-
able flavour. Lemon: were very fcarce when the
Endeavour lay in the harbour, but limes were alto-
gethcr as plentiful, and fold at little more than two-
pence the fcore. There are many kinds of oranges
and lemons, but none of them excellent. Of man
goes then arc plenty, but their tafte is far inferior to
the mclling peach of England, to which they have
been compared. It is faid that the heat, and extreme
dampncfsof the climatr docs not agree with them, yet
there are many difterent kinds of them. Of bananas,
there are an amazing variety of forts, fome of which
being boiled, are eaten as bread, while others are
fried in batter, and arc a nourilhing food : but of
the numerous forts of this fruit, three only arc fit to
be eaten ; one indeed, is remarkable, becaufe it Is
filled with feeds, which are not common to the left.
tirapcs arc fold from one fhilling to eighteen pence a
jiouiul, though they arc far from being good. TIk
tamarinds are cheap and plentiful 1 but as the me-
thod of prefervi.ig them, which is in fait, renders
ihem a mere blaclclump, they are equally nauleating
to tho fmht and to the palate. The water melons
arc excellent of tlicir kind, and arc produced in great
Kbundance. The pompions arc boiled as turnips,
and eaten with fait and pepper. This fruit is admi-
rably adapted to the ufc of voyagers, as it will kcej)
many months without care, and makes an excellent
pye, when mixed with the juice of lemons and fu^ar.
'I'he papans of this country are fuperior to turnips,
if th^ cores arc cxtraflcd, after paring them when
they arc crccn. The guava has a (Irong fmell, and a
taftenot lefsdifagrceable : it is probable, that the gu-
ava of the Weu-Indics, which many writers have
dittinguifhcd by their praifes, has a veiy different fla-
vour. The fweet fop is a fruit that has but little fla-
vour : it abouud:> in large kernels, from which the

pulp is flicked. 'I'he ufle of the ciilUrd-appK* vtry
much icfciiibhs iheililli Iroin whieh ii« n.iiiie 1. taken.
I'lie 1 .illiiii apidi- pi.'ilueri a iiiil \Jiuhi>i iioi un-
known 111 KnelaiiJ, hut the Iriiii has lii> h an allrinu -
cut i|u.iliiy, that the ilatavians feldtNii cat of ii : lU<
nut orows on the top uf the tipple. The loto.i iiiii
is pleniiful ill this iinintrv^ .i.ul ihcie arc fiur.il
kinds of this huit, (he IhII of which is very re.l be-
tween tiiefhell and the (km. The janiloo is 4 fruit
th'it has but little lalh, but is ol a ii<c>liug naluu
It is contidei.dily Ids th.in u conini'in-li/.ed .pple, .mil
lliofc that lia\e (;ro\ui to tluirfull Wit, arc .l.>j)s
the he(( ) its Ih.ipe i> oval, and itk colour a d..ip
red. Ol the J.imbu-cyer, III le aie two kuid«, tlie
white and the reil tluy arc fhaped like a lull, and
are fomething bij_'^',i.r than a cherry ; they lia\e iiu
kind of talle but th.it of a watryacid. The J.iiibu-
eyer maiiwar. liiiills like a roll, and its i.ille is not
unlike that • conlirve of rolis. Tlie iiiair;ollan is
of a dark re., colour, and not Loner than .1 liiiall apple •
to the b<itl nil of this fruit ajluie fcMral liiile leaven
of the bloll'oms, while on its tops are a niiniber of
triangles combined in a circle, it contains f vir.il ker-
nels raiif.u) in a circular form, within which is tlu:
pulp, a fiuit (if mull exiiiiilite tallc j it is ctpially
nutricious and agretahle, inid is coiiflantly gi\eii tii
perfunswhi) are troubled with inflamniatoiy or piitiiJ
levels. 'I'lu-fAcei (■range of this country i.s likcvifc
given in the fn'iie difoidcrs. The pi. niejiiaii.;!-,- of theft-
parts dillVrs in nothiii;^ from that j^eiicrally known
in ^Mll;l.'.lld. The durion takes its name irom the
woul Dure, which, in the l.inguagc (>f that country,
means prickle?:, and the name is well adapted to
the fruit, the Ihell of which is covered with fliarp
points, fliaped liked a fiic;ar-!(uf : its contents are nuts
not imich (inaller than encfnuts, which arc furiotindcJ
with a kind of juice releinldiiig nc.im i and of thi»
the inhabitants eat wiih gieat avidity ; the fmi II of
this fruit is more like that of onions, th:in any other
European vegetable, and its taftc is like that of onions,
fugar, and cream intcrm -j^a; the iiifide of the du-
rion, when ripe, is parted, lengthways, into fevcral
divifions. The naiica is a frtMt that finells like uar-
lick and apples mixed together : its fiic in the g:irJcii»
of Hatavia, is not bigger than th.it of .1 middling
fr/.cd pompion, and its (hape is nearly the fame: it it
covered with prickles of an angular form. Tliey
were informed that, at a jilacc called Madura, it ha%
been known to grow to fuch an cnorimus fux- as M
require the (licni'th of two men to cirry it. The
champada is in all •-efpce'ls like the naucj,on1y that it
is not fo large. The rambutan contains a fruit within
which is a ftonc, that is perhaps the fined acid in
the world : this fruit is not unlike aclKftuit with its
hufk on; and it is covered with fniall pruklcs of a
dark red colour, and fo foft as to viild to the fightert
imprcflion. The gainbolan rcfembUs ad.:inafccn both
in colour and fi/e, and is of a very aftrinpent nature.
The boa bidarra taftcs like an apple, and is likcwilit
extremely aflringent : its fr/.c is that of a goofi berry,
its foim round, and its colour yelK w. The nam
nam makes an excellent fritter, if fried in batter, but
is not cdecmed when raw : the rind of it is rough, it»
length is about three inches, and its Iliapc not unlike
that of a kidnev. ThJ catapi)a and Ine canare aic
two fpeeics of nuts, the kermis ol \Uiicli i.rc like thofe
of an almond, but fo hard, that it is alnioft impof-
fible to bnv.k them. The madja ontaiii . a |)iilp of a
lliarp tatte, which is eaten with lu ^ir : this fruit is
covciel with a hard Ihell. The funtil ij .1 fruit
fcarcdy fit to be catdi, bein;^ at once .•'.lli.n;jtiit, acid,
and of a moft unpleafant talte, ytt it is public!/
fold in theftrcetsof Hatavia: it contains a lunnbr of
kernels, which are inclofcd in a thick fkin. The
I'alack is nearly of the fizc of a fmaJI {golden pippin,
and contains » few kernels of .1 \wl!o>v colour, thi:
tjfle of which is not unlike t'lat of a llr iwb'-rry j
but the covering of this fruit is very rcm:iiV:;di e, a*
it confiftsof a number of fcalcs, rcl.niblin^ thofc of
a fifh. The chcfrcma »nd ihe blinibing, .".fc tw ' four
6 ■ „ fruiti.

•#•

C A P I' A I hJ C O () K.

friiiHi Mccfdi«j»ly well iH:ii»«nl in make (niir l.iiirt,
ti\i{ |ii< klcN. Thi. Illlnlhlll^ Ikllc it aiiulliir 111111 ur
the fitllic kiii'l, but oiiiliilcrah'y IacKii.

()t tlic Ituit'. iiol III four, n V, hi II Cjjilaiii Conk w■l^
tt Dal.n ia, lie the Iwn ilii|), aii.l the kiiilhip, w hicli li>-
faw pulavcil in lu(;»i : and thtic .nc linral nilicr
flirt'- whit.1) the Uatavuiisaic luiiJuf, biitllity utr ne-
ver lali'ii by (Irangirs ; amcii^ thole .iic tin iiiDriiitii,
the niiltinJiiu, the killer, an. I ilicfoiiuini thi> lall
hai ihf amwiiraiite iif the bicad-friiil whiih ii pto-
diicfd ill tin ifl.iiuN of the South Si»s, but it iMiot
nr.ir fo gcioil, thounh the trie on which ic growi ii
aliiK'ft cxjLlly like iht bieaJ-lniit tree.

V'aft ijuaiiti ic»iit liuit are eaten at Ualaw.i. Tlirre
«re two inarkit»htUI weekly, at Jillant jil.ieis fur the'
brttiT «ciiiinini)Ja«ioii of l hole who refiJe in iliiririin
parit of the country. Here the fruit-l'cller'- meet tli<
gatJener>, and purthafc the j;o()J> at low rates. We
ire told it is not uiuoinmun to li c tiftv or lixty load> of
pinr-annUs tarcKfsly thiown together at lliofc niai-
keti. rlowcu arc ftrewn liv the inhabitant, of Uatavia
and Java, about their hcii(e», and they arc oonrt.inlly
burning aromatic wooiU ami gums, wliuh is luppofed
to be done by way of purilyiiij; the air from the Itench
that arifes from the canal* and ditches about the
town.

In this country fweet-fccnted flowers are picntiliil,
many fpccics of which being intircly unknown, arc
worth remarking.

The combang tonquin, and combang carcnani, arc
particularly fragrant flowers, which bear fcarcely
any refemblance to i<ny of tliofc flowers with which
we arc here acijuainled. They arc very fmall, and
fecm to be of the ilo^N-b.me (pccie«. 'rhc cainun{^a
which is more like .i bunthof 'eaves than a flower, is
of a linpular Iniell, but verv grateful. 'l"hc bon
fanjoiigisof a pale yellow cart, and has a very agree-
able fmcll ', it is about an inch and a half in circum-
ference, and confirt^ of pointed leaves, wh.ch give
it llic appearance of a (lar. The chaniparna fmells
fonicwhat like a jonquil, but is rather o*' u weeper yel-
low. A large tree upon ihc ifland produces this
flower. There is alfo an extraordinary i.ind of flower
called fundal inalam, which fignifies the intriguer of
the night. This flower has no fmcll in the day-time,
but as iii;;ht comes on, it has a very fragrant fcent,
and is verv much like the En^lifli tuberofe.

Thcfc flowers being made into njfegays of different
ihapcs, or ftrung upon thread, arc carried through
the ftrett for falc on an evening. The gardens of the
gentlemen produce fcveral other fors of flowers bc-
fulu thcfe which wc have mentioned, but they are not
•ft'ered to fale, bccaufc there is not a fufficient plenty
of them. A plant, called the pandang, is produced
here, the leaves of which being ftired rnull, ard
mixed with other flowers, the natives of both
fcxcs fill their eluaths and hair with tliis mixture ;
which they likewilc fprinklc on their beds, and flecp
under this heap of fweets, a thin piece of chints be-
ine their only covering.

Pcpjicr was formerly the only fpicc that grew on the
inand of Java. A confiderahie quantity is brought
from thence by the Dutch, but very little of it is made
ufcof in the country. The inh.ibitants prefer cayan
pepper, and arc fond of cloves and nutmeg, but thcfc
firft are too dear to be commonly ufed. Near the ifland
of Amboyna are foinc little ifles, on whiirh the cloves
grow, and the Dutch pofli-fled theinfclvcs of all of
them, not being eafy till they all became their pro-
perty. Scarcely anyother nutmegs .ircfound but on the
ifland ef Banua, which however furaifhes enough for
all the nations that have a demand for that commodity.
There are but a few nutmcg-trccs on the coaft of New
Guinea,

As to Java, of which wc have already fpoken, our
voyagers give the following account : " This ifland
produces liorfcs, buflTalocs, ftiecp, goats, and hogs.
The fort of horfcs faid to h.Tvc been met with here
when the rountry was firft difcovered, appeared to be
nimble animals though fmall, being gencxall/ fcldom

above thirteen haiuU ki)ih. T4)« hol4to()CAli1c t'f ihi .

iniiiiliy .ue ilitfeieiil limit iholii of hiiiop. . TheV
iiiu quile lean, i>ii( nl .iveiyliii' y

ih.

uiiii I wt C. Iii-
llurt'a)..- 1 tl Ih,

lull and thi' n.ilHx of Ja\4 mi iii lliiltal<.' t li Ih,
wliiih the Dulih conliaiilly leluiv , l> iii^ iiuim II -d
Willi alliance idea that it is levciilh. 1 le Ih ip .<re
hairy lil^c gnat,, .iiul li.ive liiii|.>, e.irs ; tliey .m nwKly
found 111 lie touuh .iiid ill-talird,

" There ha|i|iiiiMig to he.! !'■ w fheep U<m\ the
C.i|K- >>l Cioud Itiipe At llativia, lunieul ihiiiiwerc
puichal. d at ihe rale ol one fhilliii'; .i puuiul, '1 l>o
lioj[s, elpei Lilly thole of the Chiliele llotk, are very
fine IiiihI, but folat as tliat the li.ili is lep.iiauly ft.M
the biililer^, wli'> .lie Clilnrli; \ llu v take < 'If tlu l.ii,
ihiy melt and lell to their iiu itr)iiiMi to he eatrii
whIi ihiii lice. Yit lh<)u,,h lliele lio;;s j re I'd line,
ilie Diiieh prefer llu li own biiul, iiiid lli'- cunlc-
quenec is that (heli: latter aie I'oM at cKtravugant
raleti.

" As the Portiigiicfc flinut the wiM lin';i
and deer, (as we liaic alre.iily meiitiuiuilj they
arc fold at a moder.ile price, and are good e.iiiin>.
As to the goats ul this country they are .is lii-
dirterent as the fheep. Dons and cats are found
here in abundance, and tlieie arc niiiiibers of wild
horfcs at a confiderahle dlllance liniii tialavl.i, on the
mountains. There are a few moiike) ., lien m.ir liic
towni but theie are many on llie nioiuitaiiu :>ihI
defart-plaees, where there are alfu tygers, and a lew
rhinoctroli's.

'* An altoniOiMv; qii.in«ity of fifli is taken here,
and all arc fine fooil, ixcept a few Ih.il .ire I'caue i yet
the inhabitants will not lal thole that are foiiiul in
abundance, but [lurchali: tliofc which are wurle and
(career, a circiimlfaMcc that contrihutej to keep up
the price of the latter. A prejudice likewilc pr' vails
among the Dutch which prevents ihein Ironi eailii"
any of the turtle caught in thele par*s, wliicharl-
very good fnod, thounh not eipial to iliolc that arc
found in the Wefl Indies. Very large ll/ards arc
common at liatavia, ) foinc vi them arc laid to he as
thick as a man's thigh ; and Mr. IJanks fhot one live
feet long, which being diell, proved very a!jreeablc to
the tafle. —

" In Batavia they found fnipes of two difterent
forts i and thrufhes might have been purchafed of the
Hortuguelc, who were the only dealers in this Ion of
birds, and venders rf wild fowl in the country.

"In the ifland of Java arc palm-wine, and arrack.
Of the former they have thr.c forts, the firlV of which
is drank in a few hours after it is draw n fiom the tree,
and is moderately iwcct j the fecond and ihird forts are
made by fermentation, and by putting fevcral forts of
herbs and roots into the liquor.

" The religion of Mahomet is profcfled in Javi,
for which rcafon the natives do not make iiie of
wine publicly ; but in private few of them will refufc
it. I'liey alio chew opium, whofe intoxitatiii;; qua-
lities prove its recouimeiidalion to the natiies of
India.

" If wc exclude the ChiHeie, and the Indians of
different nations, who inhabit Uatavia and its envi-
rons, the inhabitants only amount to a fmall number,
not, a fifth part of whom are faiil to be Duichnicn,
even by defcent. The Poituguelc oiit-nunibcr ,ill the
European fetllcrs on the ifland. The troops in the
ferviccof the flatcsof Holland, are comiiol'ed of the
natives of ainioft all the natious of Luroje ; but the
greater part of them are (Jernians. When any pcr-
lon goes to refide at liatavia, ho is obliged to en-
ter firft as a fiildier, to fervc their company for five
years, Afterwarjs he apji'lcs f.>ra leave of abfence
to the council, which being granted as a thiieof
courfe, he engages in any buliiicfs that he thinks
proner to chule. There is however a fort of policy
in this matter, fince the Duich have thus alwavs a
force ready to arm and join their troops in this coun-
try upop aaiy emergency ; all places of po«er and pro-
fit are held by the Dutih, and no foieip;ner h.is any
fbare in the management of public aftairs,

Not-

•'.^

'♦*

231

1770

T tt E V O Y A G E OF

" NotW4th#antling all ttie men of other countries
are bound to ohl'erve the rules above-mentioned, yet
noinen from »l I parts may remain here unmolefted.
It appi.'nred'that the whole place could not furnilh
fifty females who were natives of Kurope ; yet the
town abounded with white women, who were dc-
fcendcd from Europeans, that had fettled there at
different times, all the men having paid the debt of
nature ; for fu it is, that the climate of Batavia de-
ih'oys the men much fafter than the women. Thefe
women follow the delicate cuitom of chewing betel,
after the example of the native Javanefc, whole drcfs
they imitate, and whofe manners they copy, in all
rel'pects. Mercantile bufmefs is conduifled at Bata-
via with the flighteft trouble imaginable. When a
. merchant receives an order for goods of any kind, he
communicates the contents of it to the Chincfe, who
arc the univcrfal manufai£lurers. ThcChinefe agent
delivers tlie cftcfts on board the fhip for which they
are bcfpoke, and talcing a receipt for them from the
mafler of the vefli'l, he delivers it to the merchant,
who pays the Chincfe for the goods, and refL-rvcs
a conliderabtc proht, without the lead trouble, rifque,.
or anxiety. But when a merchant imports goods of
anv kind, he receives them himfelf, and lodges them
in his own wap'houfcs. It may be wondereathat the
Chineic do not fhip the goods on tiicir account, but
from this they are rcftridcd, and compelled to fell
them to the merchants only.

The inhabitants of Java dlftinguifh the Portuguefe
by the name of Oranjiranc, that is, Nazarene-mcn ;
but thcfc ufe the general term of Crt*r, or Cajlr,
refpciling all who do not poflcfs the religion of Ma-
homet, and in this they include the Portuguefe. But
the Portuguefe of Batavia are fo only in name j for
they have neither anv connection with, or knowledge
of, the kingdom of Portugal, and they have changed
the religion of the church of Rome, for that of La-
ther ; with the manners of the natives, they are wholly
familiarifed, and they commonly fpeak their language,
though they are able to converfc in a corrupt kind of
Portuguefe. They drefs in the habit of the countrj',
with a difference only in the man«?T of wearing their
hair J their nofcs are more pciikid and their (kin of a
deeper caft than that of the natlvair. Some of them
arc mechanics and artificers, others fubfift by wafli-
iiig of linen, and the reft procure a maintenance by
hunting.

" 'I'helndian inhabitants of Batavia, and the coun-
try in its neighbourhood, are not native Javanefe,
but are either born on the feveral iflands from whence
the Dutch bring their (laves, or the offspring of fuch
as have been born on thofc idands ; and thefe having
been made free either in their own perfons or in the
perfons of their an>:e(k)rs, enjoy all the privileges of
freemen. They receive the general appellation of
believers of the true faith.

" The various other Indian inhabitants of this
country attach themfelves each to iheoriginalcuftoms of
that in which themfclves or their anccftors were born ;
keeping themfclves apart from thofe of other nations,
and praflifing both the virtues and vices peculiar to tlieir
own countries. The cultivation of gardens, and the
confcquent falc of flowers and fruit afford fubfiftence
to great numbers of them ; thefe are the people who
raile the betel and areca, which being mixed with
lime, and a fubftance that is called Gambir, the
produce of the Indian continent, is chewed by per-
fons of all ranks, women as well as men ; indeed
fome of the politer ladies make an addition of carda-
mom, and other aromatics, to take off the difagree-
ablc fmcU with which the breath would be othcrwife
tainted. Sonic of the Indians are very rith, keep a
great number of (laves, and live, In all refpefts, ac-
cording to the cuftom of their refjwftive countries,
while others are employed to carry goods by water ;
and others, again fubhft by fifhinc.

The Oranflams, or believers of the faith feetl prin-
cipally on boiled rice, mixed with a fmall quantity of
dried ihrimps and other fifli, which are imported from

7 ,

China, and a little of t!i*Jft{h'bf1nlffatd««r(fchlclan<i|
they are fond of fruit, of which they cat large quan-'
titles, and with the flour Of the rice they make Ife'
veral forts of paftry. IVy fbmetincs m.'ikc very fu-
perb entertainments, after the ftifhion of their rcfpec-
tive countries} but, iit'general, they are a Very tem-
perate people ( of wine they drink very litsle, if an\',
as the religion of Mahomet, which they prufcfs, for-
bids the ule of it.

" When a marriage is to be folcmniftd ahiong tli«
Oranflams, all the cold and filvev ornamcnts.that
can be procured, are borrowed to deck out the young
couple, who, on thefe occafions, never fail to make the
moftfplendid appearance } fumptuous entertainments
are given by thofe who can afford them, which con.
tinue twelve or fourteen days, and frequently more,
during all which time the women take car* that th«
bridegroom fhall not vifit his wife privately, though
the wedding t-ikes place previous to.the feftival.

All thefe Indians though they come from different
countries, fpeak the Malay language if it deferveS
that nrmc. On the ifland of Java there are two or
three different dialects, and there is a language pe-
culiar to every fmall ifland ; it is conjedtured that
the Malay tongu ; is a corruption of the language of
Malacca,

" The hair of the people, which is black without a
Angle exception, grows in great abundance ; yet the
women make ufe of oils, and other ingredients, to
increafe the quantity of it : they fatten it to thq crown
of the head with a bodkin, having firft twifted it into
a circle, round which they place an elegant wreath of
flowers, fo that the Whole head'-drefs has a moft beauti-
ful appearance. It is the univerfal cuftom both with
the men and women, to bathe in a river once every day,
and fometiinesoftener, which not only promotes heal tii,
but prevents that contraiSion of filth, that would
be otherwife unavoid.ible in fo hot a climate. The
teeth of the Oranflams have fome particulars in them
well worthy of notice. With a kind of whetftoni;
they rub tlie ends of them till they are quite flat and
even 1 they then make a deep groove in the teeth of
the upper jaw, in tlie centre between the bottom of
each tooth and the gum, and horizontally with the
latter ; this groove is equal in depth to a quarter of
the thickiiefs of the teeth ; yet none of thefe people
have a rotten tooth, though according to the dentifts
of England and France, luch a thing muft be una-
voidable, as the tooth is placed much deeper thaq
what we call the enamel. The teeth of thefe people
became very black by the chewing of betel, yeC
a flight wa(hing will take off this blacknefs, and
they will then become perfeflly white; but they are
very feldom walhed as the depth of the colour it
very far from being thought difagrecable. 0\xi
i^urhor ohferves that moft readers muft liave heard
of the Mohawks; and thefe are the people
who are fo denominated, from a corruption of the
word amock, which will be explained by the follow-
ing ftory and obfervations. To run amock is to get
drnnk with opium, and tlien feizing fome offenlivo
weapon, to fallv forth from the houfe, kill tlve per-
fon or perfons fuppofed to have injured t|iq ^mock,
and any other perfon that attempts to' Impede bis
paflaire, till he himfelf is taken prifoncr pr killed on
the (pot. While Captain Cook was af Batavia a
perfon whofe circumftanccs in life were independent,
became jealous of his brother, intoxicated himlelf with
opium, and then murdered his brother, and twoother
men who endeavoured to feizc him. This man, con-
trary to the ufuni cuftom, did not leave his own houio,.
but made his refiftance from wi'hin it ; yet he had-
taken fuch a quantity of the opium, that he was
delirious, which appeared flora his attempting to fire
three mufquets, neither ofwh.ifh' had been loaded, nor,
even primed. Jealoufy of the women is the ufual re.\-.
fon of thefe poor creatures running amock [or a-inuck]
and the firit obJe£l of their vengeance is the perfon^
whom they fuppbfe to have injured thero. Tm^ »ffi-,
cer, »hole bufloifs it is to apprehciid thefe unhappy'

wrctchci.

Oraa

CAPTAIN C O O fi.

Ortnflams.

Wretches, Is fiirni(he<l with a long pair of tongs, in
order to taicc hold of thrm at fuch u diftancc from the
point of their weapons, as to infurc his perfonal
faiety. When he takes one of them alive, he is amply
rewarded j hut this is not often the cafe, as they arc
fo defperate as not to be cafily apprehended : v/hen
they are kilkd in tlic attempt to talic them, the officer
has only the ciiftomary gratification. Thofc who
arc taken alive are broken on the wheel, as near as
poirible to the place where the rirll murder was per-
petrated ; and, as they are feldom apprehended
without being prr.vioufly %vounded, the time of their
exKcution is fconcr or later, according to the opiiuoiis
of the phyficiins, whether the wounds arc, or arc not
mortal.

" The OraiOamsbelievcthatthc devil is the author
of ficknefs and other misfortunes, on which account
they make an oblation of meat and money, and other
things, to him, when they arc either fick or in trou-
ble. When they dream fucceflively for fevcral nights,
they have no doubt but th.it the devil has injoincd the
performance of fome aH, to difcover which, they
torture their brains in vain, and then apply to the
prieft, who never fails to interpret the dream in a
fatisfa<£tory manner. In confequcnce of this inter-
pretation, by which it appears that the devil is in
want of money and food, a quantity of each is i)laced
in the leaves of the cocoa-nut tree, and being hung
on the bough of a tree by the fide of a river, is left
till fome pjill'enger fliall hnd, and take away the mo-
ney, which is confidered not fo much an offering to
the devil, as a fine due for fome crime committed;
with regard to the food, they imagine that the devil
comes and fucks out the nutritive parts of it, with-
out moving it out of its place. — l'"rom this part of
the itoi y it lecnis reafonablc to conclude, that the
prieft h.iving previous knowledge where the oblation
is to be made, takes the money, and leaves the vic-
tuals. —

" The Chincfe inhabitants of Batavia arc like tholi
of their own country, fome of the moft induftrious
people on the face of the earth. They are embroi-
derers, dyers of cotton, taylors, carpenters, joiners,
fmiths, and makers of flippers ; fome of them are
ftiop-ktcpers and deal largely in the maiuifailures of
Europe and China. A few of thefe people live within
the walls of the town ; but the majority of them take
up their relidcncein adillrid named Champang China,
which is fituated without the walls. 'I'hole of the
Chinefc who live in the country, either keep huffa-
los and other cattli-, the milk of which they fell daily
at Batavia, or ihcv procure a fubfitlencc by the rail-
ing of rice and fugar canes, and the cultivation of
gardens. There is nothing, however infamous,
which a Chinele will refufe to do f r gain, except his
nock is in danger, [and this is the opinion of every
preceding writer,] (b that thefe people muft have
taken no fmall pains to eltaWilh their rcput.ation for
kna\ery. They l.iboiir •\'ah unwearied diligence,
but the moment they hive complcatcd their work
they fit down tr. dieo, ca\ds, or fome other expert art ;
and they fcillow -heir fports with fuch cagcrnefs, that
the hufmefs cf eating and flvcping is frequently fuf-
pendcd. I he clothes of the Chinefc, whether rich
or poor, are fiigularly clean and decent. Their be-
haviour is civil even to humility. They are fuch
tcmpcr.ue eaters that gluttony is unknown among
them ; hut ns tluir rcliijon docs not command them
to rcfiain from any paiticular food, they eat a variety
of things which are denied to thofe Indians who pio-
fefs the Mahometan faith. Kxclufivc of vegetables
and fifli of various kind*, their principal food confifts
of dogs, cats, li/.ards, frogs, ferpents of fcveral forts,
and hoa = .

" 'I he Chinefe have purchafcd of the Dutch, at a
very large cxpcnce, fevcr.il hundred acres of land in the
vicinity of Batavia, for the interment of the dead j for
it is a rule from which they never ilepart, not to open
a gr.ive v/hich has once received the body of their
countrymen : and hence arifes an enormous cxnence
• Vol. I. Nji.

in the piirchafe of land, which grcntly diflrcnis the
living, to pay an imaginary lionnur to tlie dead. In
order to preferve the body as long as poliihle from de-
cay, the coffin confifts of a piece of folid timber hol-
loived out : and this being covered with a' kind of
mortar fcveral inches thick, pctre.'ies in the ground
till It is as hard as a flint. The funeral is aitended
oy the near relations of the dcceafed, and by a train
of women who are paid for making lamentations. In
thefe '.'xpenfivc culloms, abfurd as they are, the Chi-
nefe ar,- equalled by the refl of th<ir Hatavian niigh-
boiirs, fir every perfon is buried with a degree of
fplendour proportioned to the rank he has held in life,
and there is a pofitivc law which enjoins the obfcrv-
ancc of this cultom ; in confequencc of \»hich it fre-
quently happens, that thole who have not money fuf-
ficient to pay ti.e juft demands on them, are buried
in a pompous manner, merely hccaufc they have lived
elegantly. In this ':afc, pcrlons arc employed to take
an account of what the man died worth, and tthcn
the funeral expcnccs are defmyed the furplus is divided
among the creditors." —

The various inhabitants of the ifland of Java,
whether Dutch, Portuguefe, or Indians, are all
waited on by flaves, whofe number is proportioned to
the circumflances of the mailer; hut there arc laws'in
force, that no native of the ifland Ihall fervc as a
flave. Thefe people, the number of which is very
great, arc bought at Sumatra, and other caftcrn iflands,
at varioi's prices, from ten to twenty poinul^j hut
there have been iiif^ances of very beautiful guls being
fold at above five times the common market price.
They are fed on boiled rice, and fuch tilh as can be
purchafed at the lowcft rates, a little of which fatis-
fics them, nor indeed do they deferve even the li:lle
they eat, for they arc idle and fluggifli in the hi-heft
decree.

The negros of Africa are purchafed at a lower price
than any other flaves, and inelced any price wh;'tcvcr
exceeds their merit, for they are of the moft obflinate
difpofition, and thieves, without a fiiiglc exception.'
Thofe flaves which are purch.ifed from the ifland of
Celebes arc molt intolerably lazy, and of fo ferocious
a difpofition, that tlieir employers run the hazard of
their perfonal fafety. The ifland of Bali furnifiies
the moft ufcful flaves ; and the little ifland Nias, near
Sumatra, fupplics female Haves of cxquifite beauty ;
but to thefe women death is the almoft certain
confequence of even a fliort rcfidcncc at Batavia.^
The matters of any of thefe flaves may punifh them
in whatever way they chufe, foasnot todejirive them
of life; but when it happens that a flave dies of the
punifhmcnts he has received, the mafler is tried, and
commonly fiiffers as a murderer. From thiseircum-
ftancc it is reafonablc to fuppofe, that the matters are
cautious how they be.it the flaves, with undue feve-
rity ; it is not indeed very common for them to ftrike
them at all, but they pay an officer, who is called
the Marineu, for inflietiHg the punifhment. The
IMarineu having heard what is alUdgcd againtt the de-
linquent, determines how many ftripes he Ihall re-
ceive, and thefe are given by flaves, whofe particular
bufincfs it is to obey the commands of the ^larincu j
thefe ftrokcs arc laid on with rods made of rattan fplit
very fmall. I'or a fevcrc whipping the Marineu re-
ceives a ducatoon, and a rix-doUar for a flightcr
puniflimcnt. The women flaves are whipped in the
houfe of their matter; but the men publickly in the
ftrccts : in order that thefe flaves may not be under too
great temptations to ftcal, their matters arc coitipclled
to allow them feven-pencc half -penny weekly for poc-
ket nione^y.

There is fomcthingfingular in the fubordinati'onob-
feived among thcinhabitantsofBataviaand theadjaccnt
e-oiintrv. The man who has been longcft in the Eaft
India Company's fervice is |>ermitted to gild his coach,
while others are allowed to ride in co.aches diflferently
painted, according to the length of their ferviccs,
and others again, ride in thofe that are quite plain.
In like manner the coachmen are dreflcd in liveries
P P P that

.4;-.,

■is*

THE VOYAGE OF

1771

thr.t had agrfatcr or lefs qiinntlty o( lace on ,thcm, or
without any lact at all. 'I'lie lawycis ot'ij.itavia arc
partial in their adininiltration of jufticttoa very rcprc-
lienfihU-dcgrtf. AV'h-ii an Indian has committed any
crime dceni;.d worthy of dcatli, he is impaled, hanged,
or broken on the wheel, without ceremony j.on the
contrary, if a Chrilli.m is capiully conviiiledj cxecu-
tioti very (eldom follows the luuencc } and what is
more extraordinary, no pains are taken to ai)|)rehen<l
ihc offender, till time cnouijh has been allowed him
to rnn away if he thinks proper. The civil oAcers
<■){ jultice among the Chineic iind Malays arc called
rapl.iini; ami lieutenants, but their decilions arc not
final, if the party againit whom they may decide,
thinking hiinklf aggrieved, lliuuld appeal to iheDutch
lawyc r>, in « hich cafe, the J'.eilion of the latter muft
be abided by. The Dutch have laid conliderable
taxes on thefe people, aiming wlueh is one for the
permiflion to wear their hair. When thefe taxes be-
come due, which io once i month, they lioill a flagon
the top of a hoiifc nearly in the center of Batavia, and
tlie man who docs not Ijieidily go to pay his money,
has rcjfon to repent the emiirion.

The current mr;ijy o( this country is of different
Value, froih a Dutch doit to a ducat. When Captain
Cook was at !iatavia,Sp:tnirh dollars fold at 5s. and 5d.
e.ich, and the pi iir is feldom much lower. i"hc Chi-
ncfe would (j'.t (\'i!y the value of twenty (hillings
for an E:i^:l'.(li guinea that was .-ilmoft new, and for
thofe th.u were t>!d, and much worn, only feventecn
killings. The milled ducatoons of Batavia arc va-
lued at eighty rtivcrs ; thofe that arc unmillcd at fc-
venly-twoj the ducat at one hundred and thirty-
tv.o ; the imperial rix-dollars at fixty j the rupees at
tiiirty i the fchellings at fix ; the double flieys at two
and a half, and the doits at a quarter of a ftuer.

EjTJy in the morning of the 27th of December,
1770, the Lndeavour left the road of IJatavia, and
after f.veral hindrances, occafioned by the wind be-
ing contrary, (he flood over for the (hore of Java, on
the firlt day of January, J/"!. As many of the
(hip's crew who had been very ill while at Batavia,
were now become much worfe, the vclfel v.as brought
to an anchor in the afternoon of the 5ih near Princes
Ifland, v/ith a view to get fiunenrceflary refrc(hments,
and to take in wood and vater. Dr. SoUnder and Mr.
Banks now went on (hore with the captain, and they
were no focner landed than fome of the natives con-
duiled them to the king of the ifland, wiih whom they
endeavoured to make a bargain for fome catile, but
the price could not be agreed on. As the adventurers
had no doubt but that they (houlJ purchafe on iheir
own terms the following day, they 1. ft the Indians,
and proceeded in fearch of a pioper place to fill water,
uhich was found. As they were about to cnib.irk fjr
th; (liip, they foon purchafcd three tui tie from fome of
ih-; native^, but with thi.' ftriiilell injuiiiilion that their
fovcreivn flluul 1 not be informed of the tranfaclion.
On Smid.iv, tliefath of January, they purchafcd, at
very moderate prices, as many turtle as they had oc-
cilion for, and the whole (hip's company fed on this
delicious iifti. The king was at this time at a houfe
fituated in a rice field, »herc Mr. B;'..nks waited on
liim, and found him cooking his own vicftuals. On
Monday the inhabitants brought vegetables, deer,
li(h, fowls, and monkeys, for fale, and on the follow-
ing day they brought down a farther number of tur-
tle. As a fervant that Mr. Banks had hired at Ba-
ta\ ia had ;icquainted him, that there was a town
in the ifland, hii curiofity determined him to have a
view of it, and one of the officers of the (hip ac-
companied him on his vifit. As he was apprchenfive
tl.,U tlie natives would not be pleafed at his going to
the town, he told fuch of them as he met, that he was
(caking for plants, which i^ced, w.is a part of the
bufinefs of the day. Having come to a kind of vil-
lajr, confiding of a very few huufes, they a/kcd an
Ind:.ui tlieway to the town, and fome other particulars
rcfpcdiing it, who endeavoured to prevent their pro-
ceeding by reprcfe.iting it at a very great diftoncc.

When he faw they were refolvcd tr go fc.'ward, !> pro'
ceeded with them, making frcquLnt attempts to iiiillead
them. When they were in fight of the town, the In^
dial! changed his behaviour at once, and led the way
to it.

This place, which contains between three and four
hundred houfes, iscalltd Samadang, and is divided by
a riycr iiito the old and the new town. Some of the
natives, whom the j;entlcmeii remembered to have
feen among thofe who had brought provifions for falcj
agreed to carry them from the old town to the new for
a trifling gratification. This was done by means of
two little canoes w jiich were lalhed together j and they
had no fooner reached the oppofite (horej than the In-
dians (hewed them the houfes of tijeir chiefs, and bc^
haved othcrwife in the moll friendly Inunticr } but as
this was the feafon when the natives live in their rice
grounds, to favc their corn from the depredations of
the monkeys and birds, moft of the houfes were (hut.
After the gentlemen had feen every thing that they
thought worthy of notice, they hired a failiiig-borit,
which conveyed them to the (hip time enough for din-
ner i for the town of Samadang, though a confidcr-
able dillance from the place where the Endeavour lay
at anchor, is fituated only at a fmall diftance from the
fcvcoaft. While Captain Cook was on (hore on the
12th, giving orders to the people who were cutting
wood and filling water, he was told that one of the na-
tives had ftolcn an axe ; the thief was unknown, but
the captain refolving not to give occafion for future
depredations of this kind by taking no .notice of the
the firit offence, immediately applied to the king, and
in conl'equencc of this application, the axe was
brought down to the watering-place the next day.
The Indian who brought it back laid, it was left at his
huufe in the night ; but it was lufjieiited that he him-
fclf was the thief; Mr. Banks having fcveral times
vifited the king of tne ifland, and given him fome
trifles that were very acceptable, waited on him
for the laft time on the 13th of January, and grati-
fied him very much by a prilVnt of a (mail quantity
of paper. The king alked the rcafon why the Eng-
lifh Ihipdid not touch at the ifland, as was formerly
their culKim, when Mr. Banks attributeil the omiilioii
to the feareity of turtle, and advifed the king to breed
buffalos, (lictp, and cattle, for the accommodation
of his future vifitois.

After a ll.iy of ten days at Prince's Ifland, during
which they puiehafcd vegetables of various kinds,
fowls, deer, tuitle, &c. the anchor was weighed,
and the v^flel once more put to iia. Our voyagers
lay the ifland to the weft of the ftieight of Sunda, is
woody, and has been cleared only in a very kw places.
Our India (hips •.^k^ to touch at Princes Ifland to take
in water, but they have omitted this praitice for
fome years fincc, on account, as it is faid of the wa-
ter being braekilh ; yet the captain obfervcs that it is
exceeding good, if filled towards the head of the
hrook.

The fowls which were purchafcd at this place coll
about five-pence each ; the turtle three farthings a
jKiund, and other filh were proportionably chuip j
one hundred of the beft cocoa-nuts coftonly a dollar ;
and poinpions, pine-apples, and other fruits, were
equally cheap and plenty. The natives profefs the
religion of Mahomet, and are fo ftriit in thcobferv-
ance of thefcaft called Ramatlam, that they not only
abftain from food till the fun is down, but even from
the chewing of betel. The manners of thefe peo-
ple arc not unlike thofe of thcjavanefc, but they are
much more jealous of their wives i during the ten
days that the Endeavour lay l»crc, only one woman
was feen, and (he ran away the moment (he was dif-
covered.

The houfes are condruflcd in the form of an ob-
long fquare; they are built on pillars four feet above
the ground, and well thatched with palm-leaves, as a
defence fiom the fun and rain : the flooring is of bam-
boo canes, placed at a diftance from each other, to ad-
mit the air : thefe houfes confilt of four rooms, one

Captain cook.

.ike
lor

va-
lis
the

P»
r i

L-re
the

rv-
iily
om

X,t)-

are
ten
ran
dil-

ob-
love
as a
,im-
ad-
oiie
of

bf which is dcftincd for the reception of vlfitants j
thechihlreii deep in a fccond, and the two others arc
allotted, the one for the purpofc of cookery, and the
other for the bed-chamber of the owner and his ivifc.
The rcfidencc of the king of the ifland, and that of a
another pcrfon -^f great authority, has boards on the
fide, while the houfes of all the inferior people have
walls made of the bamboo cane, flit into fmall flicks,
and wrought acrofs the beams of the building in the
manner of a hurdle. The king of the ifland is fub-
jcd to the fultan of Bantam. Captain Cool: rcpre-
fcnts the natives as very honeft in their dealings, with
the fingle exception of demanding more than double
the fum they intended to fell for. The goods of each
fort which ilifFercnt perfons brought to market, were
all fold together, and the purchafc-moncy divided
among the levcral contributors, in proportion to the
quantity that each had given in to the general flock.
When they changed money, they gave 240 Dutch
doits for a Spanifli dollar. 1 he natives fpeak what they
call the language of the mountains, add fay, that their
anceftors came from the mountains of Java, where this
language is fpoken; that theyfirft fettled at New Bay,
where the tygers were fo numerous that they could
not live in (afety ; and therefore that they took Up
their refidencc on Princes Ifland : they however, are
capable of converfirtg in the Malay language. *

At the time the Endeavour left Princes Ifland, her
crew began to fcel^ in ail its force, the ill cfFeiSs of
the putrid air of Oatavia ; and foon afterwards the
fhip was a mere hofpital, filled with unhappy wretches,
finking under the rage of fevers and dyjenteries. In
the fpace of fix weeks, twenty-three perfons died, cx-
clufive of the feveh that had been buHcd at Bata-
via : thefe were nine feamcn, the corporal of ma-
rines, the (hip's cook, two of the carpenter's crew,
the carpenter and his mate, the old fail- maker,
who was in perfeft health when all the reft were
ill at Bataviai and his mate; the boatfwaih; Mr.
Monkhoufc, a midfhipman, Mr. Sporing; who ac-
companied Mr. Banks, Mr. Parkinroh,draughthrman
to that gentleman, and Mr. Qrecn the aftronomer.

The Ihip was brought to an anchor off the Cape of
Good Hope, on the 15th of March, 1771. The cap-
tain repaired immediately to the governor, who faid,
that fuch refreftiments as the country fupplied, (hould
be chearfully granted him ; on which a houfc was
hived for the fick, who were to have their board ahd
lodbing on the payment of two fllillings a day for
each mail.

At the time the Endeavour lay here at anchor, an
Englifli Eaft-Indiaman failed for the port of Lon-
don, that had buried above thirty of her crew, while
{he was in India ; and at that time had many others
Icvertly .ifHiiited with the fcurvy j fo that the fuffer-
ingsof the chew b{ the Endeavour; confidering her
long abfcnce from England, arc not at ^.11 fur-
priling.

• Amoni;ll otliti lu|Hrlliiioni, tlie people of Bativin are pol-
ftfTcil nt a notion iliat a wuiiiin i» never brouglit to bcil ot a
cliilj vvitlmut a crocndile's Iwing alfo brought into the wotUl;
wliicliil cv (ay ilic inidivilc conveys with great care ami tcnJcr
rcl» to Ionic adjacent river. It is tlietefore looked upon as a
duty fill ilic relations of this animal to put lood into tiie river
fur liim to lulifift upon 1 it is particularly expttlcd iliat tlie
twin brctlier fhoiild take this charge upon liini, liclicvinj; that
(leatli or lickncls at lead woiikl follow the oniillion.

In the illandi of Ilouion an<l Cclchcs, the natives keep Croco-
diles in ti.tir taiiiilies ; and ir is conicflurcd that this llranie no-
tion of the twin crocodile orif;in>tcd in one of ilitfc iffamls.
However that may lie, it extends ladward ,is far as Timor, and
iwllward as we have feen to Java ami Sumatra. The following
account may (crre to give the reader a more iwrfcft idea of the
opinions the Indians eiittttain ol thcic crocodiles, to which they
give the name of SitJtirtJu

" A vounj! \voiiian who was horn at Ilencoolcp, and had
learned fo much F.nj-liOi at ih.it place iw to render her language
inteIlii;ibleto Mr. Banks, told him, That her father, when on his
•leaih-licd, laiil the llriclell inlunflion on her to feed a crocodile
which he faid was hi-, ludara. iilic faid that he informed her ol the
name hy which the animal was to he called, which aniwercd to
White King," Accordingly, foon after h;r father's dece.ile, Die
LWlei.ed to ilie rivtr and luiuuioncd lici fuppolcJ rtlauun, who

They obfcrvcd tli.it tlio laiid oi'cr tlie C':ipe was
mountainous, anil totally Uirreii ; bcyoiui thilciiciiii-
t;iins the country is covered wiili a li;;!it fniul, « liih
will not admit cf cultivation: there ;uc indicd a lew
cultivated fpots, biit they are hardly more than ;<
thoufandlli part of t'lc whole cnui.tiy. I'rovifir.i. .
arebroiight to the Caju- fmui iht Jiiiimtc ci" nine liiui-
dred miles up the country, wliic!\ is ah cvlJeiit pioot
of its extreme fertility, notvvitliflai.diiiir whnr lias
licen heretofore written to the contrary. While Cap-
tain Cook lay here, a fanner came to the Capi', hring;-
ing his young children « ith I;ini, from a diftaiKe tliiit
took him fifteen d.iv.s journey j and on his bein;r afked
why he had not left his children with foiue niii;hbour,
he faid, there was no illhabit.^nt within liveilain
journey of his farm. There are no trees tluit ar.; even
two yards iii height, except in fome plantations in
the vicinity of Cape-tbwh. 'fhis town conlilts of
near a thoufand brick houfes, tlie outfides of which
being generally plaiflered, they have a very plcaling;
appearance. There is a canal in the main flreet with
two rows of oak-trees on its bordtr.^, which are in a
more flouriftiing ftate than the otlier trees of this
country : the ftreets, which crofs each olher at right
angles, are very fpacious and handlbmc. The inha-
bitants arc chiefly Dutch, or oi' Dutch extradion ;
the women are beautiful in a high degree, and pof-
fefs thofe blooming countenances which denote the
mort perfedl health j they arc mofl of tlicin mothers
of many children, and Captain Cook fays, they arc
the beft wives in the \yorld.

Although this country is naturally fo barren, as
fcarcely to produce any thing, yet the unceafiiig
induftry of its inhabitants has here fo cITtftuall/
correftcd the foil that there arc few plates whert;
the heceflaries of life are more p!cntif.il, anil cvcii
wh.^.t are deemed luxuries, arc by iio means fcarcc.
The Conflaritia wine is known to be excellent, but
thegehuihe fort is made ouly at one particular vine-
yard a few miles from the town. The gardens pro-
duce many forts of European and Indian fruits, and
almofl all the common kinds of vegetables. The
cultivated fields yield wheat and barley of an equal
quality with that of the growth of England. The
Ihcep of this country have tails of a ^ cry extraordinary
fize, many of which weigh upwards of a dozen
pouhdsj the meat of this animal, as well as of the
ox; is very fine food ; the wool of the flieep is rathef
of the hairy kind, and the horns of the. black cattle
fpread much wider than thofe of En;;Iand, while the
beaft himfelf is handfomer and lighter made. Thfj
chcefe has a very indifferent flavour, but the butter is
extremely good. The pork of this country is nearly
the fame as that of Europe, ahd tl^ere arc abundance
of goats, but the inhabitants do not eat their flefti.
The country abounds in hares, altogether like thofe
of England. There are feveral fpetics of the ante-
lope i aplenty of buftards, and two kinds of quails.

The

nppcaring according to tlic fiinimons, ftic fed liim with iter own
luiu]s. Tliiii crocoililt' flit: dci'crihcd to be indiu btautitul than
the general race of reptiles, ;ttul Iniit that he hail a red nofe and
feveral fpots on Ids l)odv, and ohfcrved that hi:; Icct had orna-
ments of' Rold, ind iha^t he harl rinysof the fame precious me-
tal in his cars. A perfonwliofe mother was a hativc of Java,
and vvhufc father was ft Dutchman, being cnj^agcd in Mr. Banks's
fervicc at Bitavia, told that gentleman tliat fevural of the ifland*
ers, and Dutchmen, as well as himfelf, had ften fuch a croco-
dile, ornamented in the fame manner. When Mr. Banks re-
marked the ahfurdity of thcfe tales, and took notice that croco-
diles had no <*<ii5, the ftllow replied. That the (udaras dttiered
conliderably from oihcr crocodiles, and alfurtcd that they had
ears, which however, were very fmall i he .iddtti that ilicic
tonj^ucs filled their mouilis, and tiiat iliey had five rocs."

On the ifland of Batavia there are three tribes, which are
called Boetuns, Macall'ars, and Uougis. 'I'hefc people fiimly
believe ill the exillence of the fudara% and niremble at llated pe-
riods to feed them. At thele time^, havioi; laden a large boat
with provifionS, it is launched at a place wheie they fup)H)fe the;
crocodiles frequent, and they proceed with muHc tilloneof theni
IS feen, when they throw tobacco and provifions -JTcr-ljoard, as
a friendly offering;' tg the fudaras, invitinj; their relations ^hnag
the whuletime ol their cetcmuniet.

236

THE VOYAGE OF

The Dutch company have a gnrdfn at the extremity of
the liigh llrcci, th.it is more than halt a mile in
length, in the center walk of vvhicli, arc a number ol
fine oak trees. A fmall part of this garden is covered
with botanical plants, but all the rell is allotted to the
production of th^- common vegetables for the kitchen.
'I'he whole is divided into fquarts by the form of its
walks, and each fquare is fenced in by oaks, cut into
fmall hedges. Tlicre is a menagerie of beads and
birds, many of them known in Europe, at the upper
end of this garden ; and among the reiV is the Coe Doe,
a bealt not Icis than a horfc, which has thofc fpira"
horns that have frequently found a place in the cabi-
nets of the curious.

Our author fays moft of the Hottentots fpcak the
Dutch langu.-'gc, without any thing remarkable, yet
when they corvcrfe in their native language, they
freqi] ntlyftcpandmakcaclucking with theirtonguei
whiin has a mod fingular and ridiculous efttft to the
cars of a ftranc;er j and, cxclufive of this clucking,
their language itfclf is fcarcely founded articulately.
Thcfi- people are niodeft to the utmoft degree of bafli-
fulnefs, and, though they are fond of iinging and
dancing, can haril', be prevailed on to divert thcm-
fclvcs with their favourite amufcments Ixforeftrangers :
both their finging and dancing arc alternately quick
and flow, in the utmoft extreme. Some of the Hot-
tentots underftand the art of melting and preparing
copper, with which they make plates, and wear them
on their forelieads as an article of finery. They arc
alfo capable of making knives fupcrior to thofe they
can purchafc of the Dutch, from whom they pro-
cure the iron. They have the art of making butter,
by ftiaking milk in the fkin of a beall ; with this but-
ter they anoint their fkins j or, when they cannot pro-
cure butter, they ufe the fat of the lliccp. The prin-
ci))al people are owners of immcnfe herds of cattle,
and thefe clothe themfelves with the (kins of lions
and other hearts, which are adorned with fringes,
not ill dtfigned.

The Hottentots are fo dexterous in throwing ftoncs,
that they will hit a mark not larger than a crown
])lece, at the dirtance of loo yards. They are likcwife
expert in the u(e of arrow?, and of the lance called
an aflagay, the points of which they poiibn, fomc-
times with the juice of ji.irticular herbs, and fome-
times with the venom of a ferpcnt ; (o that a wound
received t'rom either thefe we.ipons is almoft always
mortal.

On the 14th of April, 1771, the anchor of the
Eiideavoui- was weighed, and flie once more put to
fea, but came to an anchor again before night, near
Robin Ifland. As a few vegetables were wanted,
which they had neglecled to take in at the Cape, the
captain fent off a boat to the ifland ; but, wlicn (he
re.iched the fliore, fomc Dutch foldiers forb.id licr
crew landing, at the hazard of their lives, and the
officers who commanded, very prudently returned to
the fhip. For fome time they were at a lofs to ac-
count for this behaviour on the part of the Dutch,
but it was at length recolleifled, that the Dutch go-
veinmcnt at the Cape of Good Ho))c, had afligned ihe
ifland for the- reception of offenders whofe crimes
were not deemed worthy of death, where their flavcry
confifts in digging lime Jlone, for fuch a number of
years as are thought proportionable to the heinoufneig
of their offence; and that a ihip belonging to Denmark,
which had buried moft of her hands, hud called at
this ifland, and taken on board a number of thefe
criminals, in order to navigate the vcflcl to Europe ;
hence the conduct of the Dutch foldiers was cafily
accounted for.

The fliip failed on the following day, when the
mafter of her died, having haftened his death by hard
drinking, though in other refpeiSs he left behind him
an excellent character. On Monday the ift of May
they came to an anchor off the ifland of St. Helena,
and failed from the road on Saturday, in company
with the Portland man of war, and fcveral fail of
Indiamen. They kept company with the man of
war and Indiamen till Friday the lOth, but Captain
Cook obferving, that they were out-failed by all the
other fliips, and confequently imagining that fomc of
them would reach England before him, made fignalt
to fpcak with the Portland, when the captain of the
vcffel came on board, and received from Captain
Cook a letter to the Lords oltl:e Admiralty, together
with a box in which were dcpofitcd the journals of
many of the oflicers and the fhip's log-book.

On the 23d they loft fight of all the fliips they fail-
ed in company with from St. Helena, and in the after-;
noon of the fame day, Mr. Hicks, the firftlteutenant,
died of a confuniption, with which he had been .af-
fliftcd during the whole voyage. From this time
nothing remarkable happened till the veffel came to
an anchor in the Downs, on the 12th of June, 1771,
having compleated the circumnavigation of the globe.

0..

THE VOYAGE OF M. BOUGAINVILLE, ROUND THE WORLD.

.^^(.yj ... ^/ / ^ Undertaken by the Order of the French King.

1-66

M. Rouyiin-
Ti.lc cnij^rks

THE laft voyage of Captain Cook, according tol
the order of our Englifti circumnavigator', fliouUi
have been introduced before the following narration,!
vet wc are under the ncceffity of deferring it lor fomc
tim-, as we are promifed the afliftance of a gcntlcnan
of literary merit, who failed in the Refolution, and
who has fome curious remarks to make on thefe very
com|>lct^ new difcoveries made in the South Seas. —

The French having begun to make a fettlement on
Falkland's Iflands (called by them Ip! Mahuines)
in 1764, tliey were demanded by the Spaniards who
conceived then to belong to the continent of South
America. In order to fettle this matter, M. Bougain-
ville was fent out to deliver them to the claimants.

On the 15th of November, 1766, he failed from
tl'.e port of Mindin, having under his command the
frigate La Boudcufe, La Efmeralda, and La Liebrc.
Two Sp.inifh frigates were to join him in the river
Plata, to the commanding officer of which he was to
deliver the fettlement, and the L'Ktoilc ftore fliip
was to meet him at Falkland's Ifland.

The Boudcufe had been at fea only two days when
(lie encountered fuch a violent ftorm of wind, as
■arricd away the clue of the fore-fail, broke the main-
top-maft, and took off the head of the main-maft.
•'I'hus fituated, M. Bougainville found it ncrcflary to
put into Breft to refit, and to make fome necc(('ary
alterations in the ftowagc of his (hip, which was ill .
calculated for withftanding the fury of tholi; feas he
was to pafs, and particularly fo for the navigation of
the fea round Cape Home.

On the 5th of December, M. Bougainville failed
from the harbour of Breft, having on board the Prince
of Naffa-Seighen, three gentlemen who went as vo-
lunteers, eleven officers in commiflion, and warrant-
oflicers, feamen, foldiers, fervants, and boys, to the
number of two himdred. On the 17th they wore in
fight of the Salvages, a fmall flat ifland, which at
eacli end rifcs into a hillock : the next day tliey faw
the ifland of Palma, and that of Ferro, on ti'.e 19th.
M. Bougainville was now convinced of a great error
in his reckoning, which he attributed to tli';: rapidity

• of-

M. D O U G A I N V r L L E.

2J7

of the currents oppofite the flmiphts of Gibraltar.
This he corrcclcd, took a ficfh dtii-iidirc, and arrived
at Rio de la PInia, withuut mciiing with any thing
worthy of notice.

On the evening of the 29th of J.iiiuary they f.iw
Rio <lc la I'iata, but ns thi- night w.is dark and tcni-
peftiimis, they lay to, with the head of the vellel to-
wards the ofHn,T. Tlie next morning they li.id a view
of the mountains of Maldonadu. Here the Sjianiard>
have a fmall garrifoned town, in th: vicinity of which
arc piekcd up fomr tranfparcnt Itones j and tliero is
lilccwife a gold mine near it, which has been worked
for a few years pall, but to Utile puipoli-.

The Boudeuie came to an anehoi in the b:iy of
Montevideo on the jiff, and there the two Spanilh
ftlips, which were to take pod'eflioii of Falkhnid's
Ifl.inds, had been at anchor for Ibme weeks. Don
Philip Riiio Pucnte, the principal in command of
the Spanifll vellel having been ap|)ointed (governor
of the illands which were to be fiirrendtrid by the
French, accompanied M. Bougainvilic tu Buenos
Ayres, to fettle with the (.jovernor f;eneral, the mode
of making the ccflion •, and the I'linee of Nalliiu-
Sei'rhcn attended in this expedition.

The gentlemen made the ioya(;e in a fchoonrr ; but
a contrary wind preventing their pafi.i;;! by lea, they
went on ftiore above tlie colony of San Sacramento,
and travelled over a prodij^ious exniit of country, in
which there were no road>, and where the eye was
their only guide. During this expedition, they llept
in little hovels conltrudltd of le.aher, while the
tygers howled round tliem on every fide. M. Bou-
gainville remarks the manner of their paflins; the
river St. Lucca, whicii is wide and deep, yet nmaz-
inaly rapid : bring placed in a long narrow canoe,
one lide of which was beyond all pioportion hiiilur
than the other, a horl'e was fallened on each full- of
the velTcl, th^' mnllcr of which pulling ufF ;ill his
cloalhs, got into it, and fuppoitint; the heads of the
horfc3 above the furface of the ilreani, drove them
acroCs it in the bcft manner he could, and with fonie
difliculty they ftcmmed the rapiditv of tiic torrent.
Having tranfai'.Ud his bufinefs at Buenos Avrcs, he
returned to Montevideo, on the i6tl of February
and was followed in a few days by tlie Spanifli gover-
nor, Don Pucnte. Some necefl'aric': of various kinds
being taken on board, the vefl'els were prepared to
failing to Falkland's Idand. The voyagers having
caufed a fmall velTel to be laden with cattle for the u'.c
of the fliips crew, they failed in conip.iny, on the
28th of February, 1767, a pilot, acquainted with the
coaft of Falkland's Idand, having been previoudy
put on board each of the Spaniflj ftiips j but this day
they were forced to anchor on account of the thick-
ncfs of a fog, which prevented their feeing land. The
winds now proving contrary, the flii|)s remained at
anchor the following day ; but as the current of the
river ran ftrongly in their favour, M. Bougninviilc
fent to acquaint the Spanifll comm.mder, that l-.is
velTel being too near the Engl i(h fand-bnnk, off the
Ille of Flores, he thought it would be piopur to fail
on the following day, even if the wind Ihoiild not
change in their favour. To this the Spanifh oftlcer
replied, that his pilot refufed to weigh anchor till the
wind became fair, and blew Heady, on which Don
Pucnte was acquainted, that the anchor of the Bou-
deufe would certainly be weighed cirly the next morn-
ing, and th.it (he woiiM cither anchor more to the
north or ply to the windward, waiting fur tlic Span-
iOi fliips, unlefs they fliould be unavoidably fcpnrated

Vol. I. N'zi.

* M. R.iuj'ainvillc olifcncs, that FalkbiKl's Idsnds have l>ccn
hui little known till witliii-, tliclc Lm years. Thcv are coin-
monlv rcpiercntctl as bcin^ covrrcd with wood'-, luit this niif-
take nt!f»ht very well liapiKii ii\ tlic .-icimints i»t lliofe who only
faw tlitm from on boaitl a (hip, tor wliat arc taken for woods
arc till rullie?, wliich grow vcrv dole tGirtthcr, and tt;c (lalk
beinK dry to tlie Itciglit of live feet t'tnm the ground, .1 lari{c
tuft fprings from ilic top of it, fo tliat tliiir ni^mhtr, .tnd ttie
mantlet in which they grow, fvuni fonie rcftiuMjnit of a wood.
In ill' (r I J94, Sir Richard Hawkins had fi^hlot thefc ifland^,

by the violence of the weather. The fmall vcffel
"adcn with cattle had not icine to an ;'n :hor the pic-
ceding night, nor was IIil- leen any more during the
voyage, but it was afterwards le.unfd tli.it Ihe wiiit
back til Montevideo, after an alil, nc : of three weeks
Irom that place. The night had been I tc-mpeflunns
that all the fliips dragged thtir anchfsr-, aini in the
morning the Spanilh villlls were idii rvod witli their
main-yards Uwered, and their top-mails handed ; the
Boudeuie, however, made Lil, and got otit of the
river bcfi'ie night, leaving the Sjjani.irds llill at an-
chor. M. Bougainville h.ul van.d)K iml chiifly bad
weather, tdl the 2 jd of the moii'h, when he < inie to
an anchor in the bay of I'.dkland's Illanils, wlitrethc
S|ianini vellels alio anthoitd, ( 11 the ilay fidhjw^ng.
ThtlV lali li.d fuiKreil eMnnicly thiouv,.i the iiicle-
laency of ih.; wea..i '( the cabin wimlows of Don
I'ucii'.c's liiip had iiivn broken by the violence of tlic
\vaves, fi) tlut '.'.iv' lea for Ioiik time pouied into her
in torrents ; and a niiinbir ot catti- , d llined for the
ufe of the colony at F'alkland's Ill.uul-, died on thi;
paflage. On the ill of April, .\i. Bru,:;.iiiu ilie, in
the name of the French Kling, funeiid;ud t'u- ill iiid
to Don Puentc, v. ho receivtj it for his iViult C'.th lie
Majefty, «ith the ccremi.ny of hoilfing the S; .1 .111
colours, and the firing of guns from the ihips, ,iiid
on ftiore. M. Bougainville then read a It ttor, in \i iiich
his foveri ign grained le.ivc 10 fu.:i of the iiih.ib;...iits
as chofe to cniuiiuie their ri'fideiKO, to be under th(!
dominion of Spam i thisolfii ,■■ accepted by li.me,
while others embarked wiili tn- ganilm and ocro
conveyed to Montevideo in thi Spiii.lli lliips. The
whole expenceof the French fettknn at loihe time- it
was Jilivcred to the Spaniards was ( ■ j,oco li\ res, but
as his Mod Catholic .'. aj city look the iliip s provilKms,
and all Uores of every kind, he n ii..biirii,-d this lum.*
I'he French having eoim- 10 a relolunon of kiid-
ing a colony to fettle on Falkland'-. Iflands, M.
Boti.ijaiiiville had, in the beginning of the year

1767

176.

nadc an oft'cr to ellablifli the f-tileineni at his

cxpcnce, and tliat of two ol his near nlatioiis, M.
d'Aiboulin and AT. de Ntrville. Tlii^ being .iccepted,
the Frenchmen gave ordcrsfor the building and equip-
ment ot a (hip of twenty, and another of twelve gun?,
the foriTier of which w.is called tlie F'ag'e, and the
latter the Sphinx ■. and .is foon as thife veiVcIs luJ
taken in fuch (lores- as were necefl'ry for the voyajc,
and for making the fcttlcment, ,M. lioigaii.v die l..w-
ing previoudy engaged fome Ac.dian jan.iiiei, cm-
b:.rked his officers, leamen and lettlers, .1 rid failed from
the port of St. Maio, on the 15th of Sept mber,
176J. It was foon rcfolved to fuiin .he f'ttieniciit on
the co.ift of this bay, and thcconni-andei iiiiu.ediately
began to take a furvey of the inland, to learn hat it
produced. He obferves that various kinds of v\nter
and land fowl, and li(h, were all its edible produc-
tions ; and though there grew no wood, eillur for
firing or other purpofes ; this deficitney in M. Bou-
gainville's opinion .■ •j.ht h.ive b"en well upplicd
by excellent kind of turf, which was aliiu.;! every
where to be found in great .ibiindance. On the firit
.irrival of thefe adventurers, it wasan alton'lhiiig lleht
to behoUl the birds fltick lotinJ th.ni with rvnieiit cu-
liofity, bu' without the hall litosof tear : thefe harm-
lefs animals ufcd to perch on ehofe who were (landing
flill, and would at all times fubmit to be taken
with the hand: hiittliey very foon learnt to be fliy of
the company of thofe who fought onlv to defliov thetn.
The colony confifted of nineteen men, five women,
and three children i andM. Bougainville having lixecl
Q.q q on

and called tlieni Hawkins's Maiden Iflaiulii; lie fats lie law til Cs
on them, and that tf.e-y were then inlialiitetl : alifjut tlic com-
mencement of the prelcnt ce-ntury, a French (hip, called the St.
I.ouis, can\c to an anchor on the coatl, under the Ihelter of the
ides of Arican, which are foiiic linail iH.inds fo called after
the priv.iicer of that name, but the cuiinnander of the St. [.uuia
did notihinkit worth his while to examine the counir\', yet M.
Bougainville fays it is well calculated for iheltering vctTela
bountl to ihc South Seas.

2 38

1767

THE V <,) Y A CJ E O ;■

IfluuU fur-
icntlcrcd l>.-
trie Frcncl) to
the SpaniauU

on tile fpot for tl\clr rrfidcncr, tlicy lull no time in
biiilJin:; liuts which ihcy civcrLcl with iiiflu'^, to
protL-d ih'.'ni I'lorti l\\v indcnuiicy of ihc wt.itlicr.
'I'hiv likcwiic Imilt a ni.ig.uinc, and crvIcJ a Inuill
fort, in thi- ccnirf of which thiy ralfcd an obtlilk,
;in(l under it tlicv had placed fcvcral pieces of money,
and a m.dal, on •iie li.li.' of which was the head of tlic
French kinj; wi'.h th^' following; motto, Tibi Jhvuil
iillima ThuU ; and on the otlier (ide of the mcJal was
this infcription : — " Sttilcment of the llles Ma-
louins, fituatcd in 51 deg. ip min. of foutli Int. and
65 deg.\^o min. wc(l long, from the meridian of P.iris,
by the Kagle frigate, Captain P. J)uclos, (iiiyat,
cnpt.iin of a fire-lhip, and tlic Sphinx (loop Captain
r. Chenard dc la Ciiraudis, lieutenant of a frij'jate,
iqiiipiied liy Louis Antoine de Bougainville, colonel
of intantry, captain of a (hip, chief of the expedition,
G. de Nerville, captain of infantry, and P. il'Ar-
houlin, poftnialKr general of Franco; conllrui.'tion
of a fort, and an oiielilk drcoraled with a medallion
of his Majelfy Louis X\ . after the plans of A.
L'Huillcr, en'.^ineir and of the lield and army, ferving
in tills expedition ; during the admiiiiftration of L.
d-,' Choifeuil, duko of Stainville, in Fcbriiarv, 1764."
M'jiif. Bougainville having proniiled the fettlers, that
he would foon bring them more companions, and give
them farther aflilhncc, his relr.tion Monf. dc Ner-
ville, .agreed to Hay till his return from France, as
well to be an hoftiigo for the performance of de Bou-
gainville's promife, as to encourage the young colo-
nills by [>articipating in every h.-.rdfliip ami danger to
which they might be expofed, in a ilation fo removed
from all communication with the rcll of mankind ;
and in return for Monf. de Nerville's kind compliance
with the widi of the fettlers, he was to be conlidered
as their governor. On the 8th of April, 17O4, Monf.
Bougainville weighed his anchor, and failed for
Europe, having (irib taken pofleiUon of the iflamls in
the name, and for the ufe of his moft Chriltian Ma-
jclh".

in the month of January, 1765, lie again vifitcd
Falkland's Iflands, where he found the fettlers in good
health, and pleafed with their fituation. After he had
landed the (lores which he had brought for their ule,
he ("ailed to tlicStreiglits of Maghellan, where he took
in tmiber, and paliladoes and a number of young
trees for planting on Falkland's Klands, which place
he again le(t, on the 27th of A]>ril, when the whole
number of colonics were only twenty-four. While
Monf. de Bougainville was on the above-mentioned
expedition in the Strcights of Maghellan, he (aw the
fhips under the command of Conmiodore Byron, as
we have already mentioned in the relation of that gen-
tleman's vovagc.

'I'hccolonilfs on Falkland's Klands were increafed
to about one hundred and fifty by a number of fettlers
which fiiUd from France in the Kagle, in the year
1765. This fliipwas accompanied by the little (lore
Ihip which carried provifions to the inand. By this
time the governor, and an ofiiccr who took care of
the (torc^, had good houfes built of ftonc, and the
red of the colonills were loilged in commodious huts,
having walls compodd of fods of eaith. With the
wood which Moni'. Bcnigainvillc had brought from
the Stiei >hts of Maghellan, they had built fevcial
(mall vellMs ad,ipted to examine the coafts of the
iilaiul, and three magazines were by this time creiSed,
in which the public and private (lores were to be dc-
polltcd : fcveral kinds of grain uhich had been brought
(Voni France, grew viry well, and prcmifed a fufli-
tient encrcaie; anil fomc train oil had been made;
.ind (Val-(kins prepared by the fettlers, with which the
Lagio was loaded. ■

I Accordin'r to M. Bougainville's account this was
ti.e ilate of Falkland's Klands when the French made

* When an Eniilifli colony li.iil lioen fetilcil at I'orf Epmnnt,
in lie rear 17". Cap-. M.cl'.ii.le ot ihe Jaton Irigalc, vililul
il.t 1 icnch fciili-niciu, wli.n .Mr. Buugainville f.iys, " he pic-

a (urrender of them to the Spanini,!:. \~ to tt.n
great iiucltion of the right o! po(le(!ion, which i\L
Bougainville (ays belonged to^p..in, It will be necef-
fai V to conlidei wlietlur the Spaiu.irds lud le.dly a
prior right to the lei 1 itory.

'I'he(c idands, the reader will recolhe'l, were (ern
by Caveiididi in the year 159^; Capi.i'n Dampier had
al('u (ightof them; and Sir Richard Hawkins lallinj;
in with them, gave them the name o( Hawkins's
Maiden Lanil, Scbald de Wei'l al(o (aw them, and
gave them the iiaineof Sebald's llles, by which name
they are laid down in the Dutch charts. I'hev were
feen by Dampier in i()8j, and in i(j89 by Strong,
who called them Falkland's Klands, but the fiilt
Frenchman who faw thcin was (jouin, which was
not till the year 17CO. Surely from this flatc of the
evidence it does not appear that the Spaniards vifited
theinatall,and it fecms the French were thclall vifilurs,
vet .M. Bougainville would have iis believe, that the
Spaniards had the prior claim to their po(fe(rion, and
that this claim having been rntitied by the French, is,
in his opinion, indKputablc,

M. Bougainville gives us the following account
of Falkland's Klands, which he (ays, is the refult
of the obfervations of his kinfman, M.de Nerville,
who rcfidcd on the fettlement three years. " C)a yj' 'j>'"J>l'
the (ir(f arrival of the French, there was not an ob- "''"''^"'
jeiSl (truck their view, except the commodioufnefs of
the port in which the fliip lay, which could tempt
them to take up their refidcnce on fo inhofpitable a
fhoie. The land was in many places broken in upon
by the fe» : the mountains being without wood, had
amort barren apjieaiancc, the fields looked dreary for
want of houfes and inhabitants; an univerfal filence
reigned, except when the howling of fomc fea monflcr
dirturbed the folemn ftillnefs ; while a dull and gloomy
famene(s of appearance added horror to the whole pic-
ture. Though this Iccnc appeared very difeouraging,
the adventurers knew all would yield to time and dili-
gence, and that the labour of the indullrious would
not go unrequited : indeed ("omc conlblation arofe in
their breads, on viewing the place in a more favour-
able light. 'Fhe climate had that kind of tempera-
ture likclv to artbrd health, ftrength, and long life,
and was therefore preferable to the noxious air of thole
regions where the (ickcning inhabitant faints under tlie
li.orching heat of the vertical fun. The ifland produced
a number of pkints, admirable in tUc cure of the (cur-
vy, and othe; diforders incidental to a fea-faring life ;
the fifli and the birds were cxquifitely delicious, and
there were amphibious animals in immcnfe numbers,
while there were none I'f the fierce or the poifonous
kind ; cafcades and rivulets fell from the moun-
tains, which latter flieltercd the fifherman from
ihe violence of the v inds, fo that he could fport
or labour in the fpacious bav in pcrfcft fecuritv ; mea-
Jows of an immcnfe extent, promited conrtant pa(-
turage for any number of Hocks and herds, which
might feed at picafurc, undifturbcd by any tyrant lord
o( the foil. Thefc various advantages in the opinion
of the French, were fufficicnt to rccompcncc them
for the dangers and fatigues of the vnyagc, and a
pledge for the (nil reward of their future labour.

" J'lie fituation of Faiklend's Klands is between
51 and 52 degrees and a half ot fouth latitude, and
(ixly-five degrees and a half of weft longitude from
Fans. From the entrance of the Strcights of Mag-
hellan, and from thecoaft of Patagonia,, their diftance
is about two hundred and fifty miles.

" 'Fhe harbours are large, and well defended byfmall
iflands, inoft happily difpofcd, and even the fmallell
vcfTcls may ride in (afety in the creeks : while frefli
water is ca(ily obtained, as the fniall rivers that dc-
fccnd from the mountains difcharge themfelvcs into
the fea. The tides do not rife and fall at any dated

times.

" tcnilcil tliat thofc parts liclongcil to Ms Britannic Majcftv.threa-
'• icneJ to land Ijy fmcc if lit flioulil lie ilcnitil that liberty, vi-
" I'acd the (jovctiiur, aoJ failed away the fame day."

-4-

( The ilUnds
dclciiLicil'

M. BOUGAINVILLE.

times, but depend on the force with which the wirul
agitates the waves of the fca ; it was, howcvor, oli-
ferved, that jiill bcfure hijj;h watci, the Tea rilts arni
Tubfides, with a quick inution, three tinus wiihiii
fifteen minutes ) and that at the full uf the nioun, and
during the ciiuinoxcs an<l fulltices, this motion is
much j;ri.ater than at any other time. Thofc winds
that blow from between the fouth and weft, and ihi
north and weft points, prevail more than others, but in
general the winds vary as in other countries. In fum-
nier the winds ufually blow from fome point bctwciii
the north-weft and fouth-weft. It is reinarkabU-, that
thefe winds rife with the rifing fun, incroalc in forte
as the fun advances to the meridian, blow moft vio-
lentlyjuftat noon, decreafe again with the declining
fun, and totally ce.ifc about the time of its fctiiiij;.
The tide alfo frequently adds to their violuicc,
and not unfrequently changes their dirciitioiis. —
The quarter from whence the winds blow in winter
is a certain indication of the weather. If they come
from the fouth-eaft they arc not fo violent as the fum-
mer winds from the fame quarter) but they are ac-
companied with flight fogs. When they blow between
the fouth and weft points, hoar froft, hail and fnow,
arc the certain confequences ; and the weather is wet
and foggy, when they come from the poii\ts between
the north and the weft. The fnow which comes with
the fouth and weft winds, is but fmall in quantity,
and commonly difuppears from the ground in a day or
two, except what lodges on the fummits of the high
mountains, where ' >vill remain about two months.
The running ftreairis are never frozen, and the lakes
and ftagnant pools have feldom been covered with ice
ftrong enough to bear the weight of a roan for two
days together. In the fpring and autumn there are
light hoar frofts, which being changed to a kind of
dew by the warmth of the fun, are rather nouriftiing
than prejudicial to the vegetable produdlions. There
is feldom any thunder or lightning, nor is the climate
hot or cold in any extraordinary degree. Throughout
the year the nights in gener.il arc ftar-light, lerene
and fair ; and upon the whole the climate is very fa-
vourable to the conftitution. The frc(h water of
thefe idands is extremely good, and in great plenty :
the bed of fome of the rivers is a kind of tuft, which
gives a yellow caft to the water, yet does not afFeift its
taftc, but the bottom of moft of the rivers is either
fand or gravel.

" The depth of the foil in the valleys is more than
fuflicicnt for the purpofes of plowing; but before the
adventurers could proceed to cultivation, they were
obliged to extraift the roots of the plants, which every
where interfciittd and choakcd up the ground for near
a foot deep. Thefe roots they dried and burned, and
they then made a rich manure for the ground from
which they had Iwen cleared. Under the firft land
is a layer of black earth, ten inches or more in
depth ; and under th.tt again is likewife found a
yellow foil, beneath which are ftones and flate, but
tlicfe ftones are not found on the little adjacent idands.
The fea coafts arc in moft places compofed of ftones
vhich are very fit for the purpofes of building : and
there are beds of a hard, fine-grained ftonc in feveral
fpots on this ifland ; likewil'c another kind of ftones,
in which are particles of talc. The fettlers found a
kind of ftone which fplit in pieces cafily, and with
which they made grinding-ftoncs, to give an edge to
their inftruments. In the quarries they met with a
ftone of a yellowifti hue, which when firft taken out
was fo foft as to be cut with a knife ; but it foon grew
■ hard when expofed to the open air. The ifland like-
wife yielded earth fit for making biicks and potters
ware, and plenty of fand and clay. In many parts of
the country there were marftiy places, which produced
a fort of rulhcs with (liarp points, the remains of the
roots of which being continually wafting, formed the
tiirl that was ufed for firing, which burneil exceeding
well, and had nothino;oftVnfive in its fmell.

A plant of the foramen kind grows on a kind of
ftalk which has a fweetifti flavour, and is extrem-My

nouriftiing for c;ittle,\v!M) like it hcttT than nr,y'.;litr
kind of iKilhirage. '("his plant ll iirillRS on tin- f a-
coalls, on the htlleillcs, where it hi nils till l.ie H.ilks
unite, forming a kind of h.itbi.ur, to wliieh the lea-
ions and ili>' leals oceallon.dK- p :rent. Tlie iMUeii-
liiivrs, In fivcral excm fioiis, louiul thcfe iiaiur i!-lniilt
lioufes a very agreeable djeiite agaiiift ill ■ inclemency
of the weailier, and the more fo, as llie dry leaves
which h.id fallen i ft', formed a I'ort of riilt'C bed.
The ahove-ii.cnlioiu'ilpl mt is th. I:irgc(ttli,it ;:rows on
the illaiid, uliieh liktwiie proiuiees many Ihriibs ihat
were vet) afeliil in hcatin;; ovens, and other puipi.f.s
of firing. A fort of heath grows in grra; pi n:y
there, iind bears a red fruit, "which is eaten by ihe
fowls and biidy. A plant was difeovered wli.ch re-
fiinhles a (hiiih, which having; Ixui talk I, was

thoiisiht fit ('jr the biewinir of tv

happ

the co-

'J>)

i:^

lonills were fiipplied w ith malt ;!nd inol.'llt s to whuh
they added the b; er plant, and wore enabled at -.ditimes
to brew a very wholeloine kind cif t'pniej-b 'ir, which
was an admirable fpecific for the feurvy. This plant
was likewife infufed in water, in u hleh tl'.-,-fe v.ho had
contrafled any illiuf-, while out at fea, bathed thein-
felvcs, and it was found to bea liiie relloratr.e : wiien
prcfled, it yielded a mealy fiibdaiKcvf a IVa^r.int fmell,
and of a glutinous nature. The leav.s of it were;
fmall, of a clear bright green, and dentatcd.— — •
Other vegetables in abundance were found, wliieti
were ufed as antifeorbutics, paiticularly WPtt r-crell' -,
forrel, wild parfley, a kind of maid; n-h.iir, and a
fpeciesof celery. Here was a kind of refinoir !;iiin-
plant, which feems to be entirely unknown in all i^ther
parts of the globe. Though this i-' called a plant, it
is without leaves, branches, or any other app^'rent
ftalk J and except in colour, which is that of a bright
green, it more refembles a lump ot earth rifiir..; from
the common furf.iceof the ground. It docs not grow
to the height of mon: than ciglitcen inches, and its
brcidtli in diflerent plants, is from two feet to two
yards and upwards ; the finalUr plants hive the form
of an hemifphere, and their cii.iiii.tir, ii' e is regular,
but when theyeome to the full fi/.e, tlity tcrminati-
in irregular bunches and hollows ihiie are drops of
tough yellow matter a-, big as a pea on dift'ereiit parts
of its furface, which In ell like tiir|ientine. M.
Bougainville having cut this jdant clofe to die f,r<iiiti J,
found that it arofe from a ftalk, from wlileli t;rcw
an immcnfe number of ilioots, coiiililing o( leaves
refembling ft.irs, varying one within th;- other.
The outhdes of thefe Ilioots, wiiieli are ivpofedto
the air are green, and the inful-s white: they con-
tain avifcid milky juice, which is l;!.ewif> f und in
the roots and the ftalks. The mots extendiir; hori-
zontally, frequently produce frefti ftioots at add! 'lice,
fo that there is no inilance of one ff thefe plants be-
ing found alone. The refin of this plant w.;s found
to be a good medicine for the cine of flight wounds i
but this refin was often wafticd away by the rains, or
wafted by the influence of the air ; \et it would not
diflblve except in fpirits : fome of the feeds wee
brought to Europe in order to attempt tho c.il-
tivation of fo Angular a curiofity in the vegetable
world.

" The ifland on which the coionifts h;iil taken up
their refidencc is tlivided from raft to well, by a chain
of hills, to the fouth of which they found another
plant, not unlike the rcfinous gum-plant, whicli how-
ever did not yield any refin, but produced b' aiitiful
yellow flowers, neither was it of fo firm a t( \ture, nor
was its green of the faniefliade ; yet in otlier refpeiils
the rcfemblance was very ftrong. On the hills was
found a fpecies of maiden-hair, which grew to a great
height, and the leaves of it were fliaped like the blade
of a fword. The hills likewife abounded with va-
rious kinds of plants, which had the appearance
of holding a middle ftation bttwecn ftones and vege-
tables. It was apprehended that thefe might ha\e
been fucccfsfully ufed in dying. The place produces
flowers in a confidcrable variety, but only tmo of
them has any fmell, which is like that of a tubcrc'i' ;
7 this

(

THE V O \' A C; E OF

1767

this flower is pfit'cillvwliilci ;iiu!a violctwasfeen wliicli
V H 01 a ri.'i'iil.ir iK'it'lit, ami yiUow culour. Tlicy
louiul a t'ruit i>l the ft/.e dI a pea, which nceivcd th>;
name i<( the lucct, Iroiii it^ rellniblanccto the North
Aiiicrieaii triiit n( thar ii.ijir j its colour is uliiie,
hilt the liile Hhich is cxpolcil to the lun, changes to .»
rill i it has tlu' rniell ot' orange blollonis, aii^l an
a.;recaMc flncniri its hranchcs, whuli cnep aloiii;
the grouiul, proJmi' leaves ol a >laik };k'i.ii, whitli
an: round ami Ihininj;, <inJ thcfe leaves iiirullil into
milk give a ilclieicms talle ; the flowers piow in l.irre
mnnhers on tlie honkis of lakes .iiid the plant Jelighis
In a niiiilt foil. Kehdes the lueet only one other h iiit
\\a» found, wliieli ijrows on \'^n^ hranehes, in the
fame manner a> the tliiwherrv, hut it has the ap|xar-
anee of a iiuilhiry, which n.une it received, audits
leaves arc like tliole o( th ■ hoinhe.iin. 'Iluy faw
Init lew fea-plant.', which ll'.ey could apply t> any
life; hut all the coatl of tlij liarhour waslimd with
(Va-v/eeils, which wire I'erviceahlc in breaking the
J'lirce cif the waves in llorniy weathir. M.Tiiy kinds
of coraliiies of various beautiful colours, and a gieat
numbrr of curious (lulls and fpunges were wjlhid
on Ihorc bv the force of the tides. Anion^ the Hulls
were the finooth and llri ited niulele, fc.'Uopi, whelks,
and a bivalve (hell, of a very lingular kind, named
La Houlctte.

" Sea lions and feals are the only amphibious ani-
mals found in thefe parts ; hut 'here arc great vari-
eties of filli on the co.ilt, fcarcc any of which are
known in Europe. It fonietimes happens that the
whales, ^i-tlinj;; too near the (liorc are ilianded in the
bjv>, where their remains have been fcen. lioiics of
great magnitude have been found far up the ctiuntry
where the force of the waters could not h.uecon\eyed
them, which made it probable that the foil is cncri.ilcd,
or the fea diminillied. — The only ijuadiuped found on
F.ilkland's Illunds is of a fpecies between the fox and
the wolf, which they called the widf-fox; the tail of
this animal is more bufhy th.Mi that ql the wolf, and
he lives in a keniul which he ili;;s In the ground, en
the down", by the fea-lide. At one 'ime of the year
the wolf-foN is fo lean as to appear almoll llarvcd,
from whence it is ini.ip,incJ tlia^-'Se falK for a confider-
aMe time ; he is about .is lari;e as a flicep-dog, and
harks very much like one, only that his barkini; is not
loud. He liibfifts iii-jneiiully on wild fowl, in Icarch
of which he tra\els in fiich a direct line, from one
day to another, th.it wh^n our advcntuurs tirrt beheld
his track, they im.Ti;ined that tlie ifland was inhahuid,
and that the natives had made 'lie path. [M. Bou-
gainville m.ikcs it a matter of wonder how the vi'cdf-
fox can have been conveyed to thelt' ill.inds without
confideriiU', that l.inl-aniinals li.iving got on large
pieces of ice, which bein;; broken by the fea they
nave fre<iuently bieii remote from thole of their firil
refidencc as is not uneominon on the coallof (ireen-
land.] Thefe iflam's and confts produce land and
water-fowls, in ama/iii'^ nuuibes, many of which
are the prey oi f ilcons, hawks, eagles, and owls ;
while the ei;gs and the younf; birds are dcflroyed by
the wrlf-fox, the finaller filll .'ue Hilhoytd by the
whales, the amphibious animals, am! the vor.icious
birds, feme of which are coiillantly flyini; clofe over
the furface of the waters, while others perch them-
ftlves on the rocks to watch the ivcnt.

The (\\:.n is perfectly white here, txrept its feet
3iul its neck, the former of which arc i>f .1 flelh eo-
hiiir, :ind the latter as black as jet. Of wild geefe
thc.-e arc four kindi;, only one of which feeds on dry
.^rouiiH. It has very high legs, and a neck of great
length i its flight is much more free th.ui that of the
I'lnj^liih goofe i it walks with equal cafe, ai'.d t'.ocs not
cackle like the common yoofe. 'I'he leathers of the
pnndcr are vvliitc except on the wings, which have a
mixture of a(h-colour and black ; the wings of the
female arc of various colours ; and its body is yellow.
It f..l;!om l.:vs more than fix eggs. The flavour of
thefe birds is sgrtcable, and they were found to be
very nourifliint; ; c;;c)ufivc of ihofc which arc hatched
6

on the in.ind, large flock* P.y thithr with .1 wcfterly
wind which blows in the autumn, 10 tli.it th-jy wiie
generally to be t.iken ill great ahui'.djnce, .uid louncil
a priiicipil p.irt of the fttlcrs. 'I'hol.? whieli c.imt irt
the aulunin wire e.ifily knovvii Iro.ii thofo iclLknl on
the inand, by iheii nut lieinj; (liy.

i'he other tlM\e kinds wereot various colours, yel-
low, wliiie, black, and .ifli-ccdour ; they are not by liir
fo beautiful as tliule above di-f..ribed j and .ns ihey llvJ
entirely on fiHi, their Ihni .1c<|uiics a dila;;reeahlij
t..lle i one of ihel'e three Ipecies leldoili rifes lioin thfi
water, and is almoll lonllantly making a vciy difa-
greeable noife.' A fuft, thick ilown, cither giey or
white, grows iindirthe fiatlu rs of .ill llicfe geele, as
it does likewife iiiuhr ihofe of the fwan. The rivcis
and ponds of l'"alkl.!iid's Iflands ahoiind in teals vi'
two I'pccies, and two of wild .links ; of i!ie litter
Come are peileclly white, and the other totally bl.ick,
but 111 other refpeiits thc^ refemble thofe of ICu'lanti
.iiid Kiaiiee. Thcfe birds ate all very fine iood,
and to be procured in any numbtrs. One kind of the
teal is veiy fmall, but the other is us '^rgc us the
duck, .ini its bill is blue. The bellies of fomc of
them are alio covered VN'ith feathers of a blue colour.

" rheinandprodueesa bird whieh.M. Ijougainviilc
calls the diver. * Of thcfe divers there are two kind?,
of which the nioft plentit'ul has brow n fe.ithers, with
no other variation than that the feathers on the btlly
are of a fomewhit lighter colour than thol, on the
back. 'I'he btlly of the other kind is white, tha
hack grey ; and the feathers on the bdly a:e very liiick,
(liining, and loft. The eyes of thefe birds arc as
bii;;ht as rubies, and are encircled with a riii;' of
while featli is. Tlif f.ir.ale hatches only two young
biids at a lime, which (lie carries on h.;r back, not
fuhjcc'ling them to the coldneis of the water, till lea--
thers have taken place of tlr; down with which
they are hatched. Its toes arc ijuite thin, iiul of
a i;re; n colour, and being round towards the claw,
they arc not unlike the leaves of Come plants j their
feet arc noc webbed, as is common amoii;^ water-
fowl, but their toes arc fepaiatc, haying a flrong
membrane on each fide. The cohuiills give the
name of faw-hiUs to two kinds of birds which iio:j
a great fimilitude to each other, the chief dill'i lence
conliftin:!; in their fizc and in the bellies of mod of
them hem;: white, while few were obl'ervcd to have
blown fe.itiiers on the bellv ; the feathers on the reft
of the body are of a d.irk blue, as (oft as (Ilk, and
grow \ery clofe tog'thcr. I'heir feet arc Wihhed and
flefli colcuircd, and their bills pointed ; th-y l.iy their
eggs on the locks, where gr.-it numbers ot them live
together ; and they fubfilt on (irti, thouf.inds of which
they dellroy. The fettlers not only ate the eu';s of
thefe birds, but frequently killed many fe-re; ni Ihcm
at a time, and their flefli was found to be excellent
food. 'I'hey had fo little apprehenfion of being eauglic
that it was an cafy matter to knock them do . n with
a ftick, and in this manner they were ufually t .ken.
A bird, called by the .Spaniards .'Qiti-linintn/'u'/' •, w hich
mcafures more than two yards from the extreniitv of
its wing, dcftroys the faw-bills. [This bird of prey
has a long bill with two hollow tubes of the (.r.ic
kind of fubffancc as the bill, and its feet are webbed.
Some of the feamen called this bird the alhetrofs, but
it dill'ers confidcrahly from the comn.on hiid oi' the
name, nor is it an eafy matter to determine prceifely
on its fpecies, from the imperfect .account which M.
Hoiigainville has given of it.] Gulls, and mews of
difTeient beautiful plumage, iflrved to direft our co-
lonids what was the proper time for takinT; pilchards.
Thcfe birds fly in flocks over the furface of the water,
dart on the pilchard and fwallow it ; when they
catch another of thcfe (ifli, they difgorec the one
which had been prcvioufly fwallowcd, and fu proceed.

When

* Vrom the ■iefciipr-rn he j^iees of it. rliis liir.l is cnnjeOurc!
to lie tlic ^rc' ", wliicli .lo.iumis on flic I.ikc oi Cr.MCva, a:i.t of
the fitin of wliich the mult elu^ant iiiulli andti^|i^ts mc nu'!c.

M. n O U G A I N V I L I, E.

2.(1

licir

live
ich
, of

licm

i;h

nt"

uy
nic

•bfcl.
but
the

iil'ly

. M.

vs cf
co-

an!i.

atcr,

thry
one

:rcd.

I.I of

When the pilchards are not in fcafon, they (<cJ on
vnrious other lbrt« of (inall ti(h. The igg» of ihefe
birds were found in great abundiiicc upon the leavct
of a phint, on the borders of the rmrlhes, uml they
proved to be very good eating. Three kinds of |hii-
guina breed un the illuui, one of thefe is a i^marLably
grand and elegnnt bird, the belly of which is a clear
white, the back a l^ind of blue, and it has a rutf
round its neck neap the head,iifabrii;ht yallow, which
defcending towards the belly, feparates the white
feathers from the blue onc» i ihclie birds do not live
together in numberfi, but feck the molt qiiiut and rc-
lirtd places of abode. One of them being caui'lit with
an intention of being brought to France, foon grew
fo tame th.it it followed the pcrfoa who fed it j its
food was bread, fiftl and flelh j but there was foine-
thine more wanting for Its fultenance for it gr.idually
loft Its fatnefn till it died. The fecond kind of pen-
guin anfwers to thofe which have been mentioned in
out former voyages. The third kind of penguins lay
their eggs amoni' the high cliA's of the rock", v<herc
they rewle togetlicr in great numbers, never fccking
that folitude of which the firA are fo fond. Thry are
much fnMller than the others, and were named hop-
iiing penguins, from their method of moving, which
IS very much like hopping ; they have gold coloured
feathers which form a kind of cye-brnws, and a tuft
of the fame colour which they raifc when they are
(lifplcafed. 'I'his bird has a very chcarful look, and
its general colour is a deep yello.v.

At difitsrent times hut not tVequently, three kinds
of petrels were feen by the French. Tlufu birds
build their nelts on the fca-coaft, where thtir youn;,;
were fometimcs found, covered with down. One fort
of them is quite white, their hill is red, and not un-
like a pigeon ; a fecond fort is larger; and the third
fmallcr than the pigeon ; and thefe two fiiris have
white feathers on the belly, while every otlicr part of
the body is black.

Eagles were alfo feen of three different fpccics, two
•f which are black, with white and yellow fc-ct, and
the other is of a dull white. All thefe lubfift on fmpcs
and other fmall birds, which they feize every oppor-
tunity to deltroy. Egrets, a fpecies of the heron,
were frequently obferveil on the ifland : — they make a
dif.igrecable nnife, not much unlike the barking of a
little dog ; and they never take any food till towards
th.' eveiiiii;x.

Two kinds of the thrufli came regularly to the
ifland in the autumnal months, one of which was of
the f.ime colour as the Eiirope.Tn thrufli, and others
ycilmv, cxe' pt on the bellv, which was Ipotted with
black. Then- was a third kind of thrulh, which
lived on the ifland throughout the year, the feathers
on the btlly of which are of a bright red ; this was
called the red bird. A bird which they called thcfca-
pie, was conlKintly feen on the coafts, the feet of
which were white, the bill red, and the feath'.rs black
and white. Tliis bird whittled a kind of note which
the coloniOs found it cafy to imitate, and by that
mc;in.'. thry came near enough to catch them without
much trouble; they live on (hrimps, which they pick
up after the ebbing of the tide. Great numbers of
curlews, the fame as thofe of Europe, were conftantly
((L-en in the fummer ; and fnipcs of the European kind
were found in abundance, it is eafy to flioot thefe
birds as they fly in a regular manner. At the time
when they are breeding, they afccndto a great height,
and having foarcd fome time in the air, they drop into
their nc(b, which arc built on the ground, in the
open field, where it is molt free froni grafs or other
herbage, fo that thofe ne(h arc very ealily found ; the
I'nipes arc excellent food if drefled towards the decline
of the year, but in the breeding feafon they arc very
lean, and not fit to rat.

The amphibious animals of Falkland's Iflandsare
fcals and fea-lions, which have been already defcribed.
f)f the fiih which were found on the coaft of Falk-
land's Iflandii, one that was taken in great plenty was
called tbe mullet, from the likciM'fs it bears to the

\vL, I, N-2J.

I'.iiropcan fifli of that nam', the clunifl* diied miny
ot thele, whieli aie full .1 y:iid in liii ih, th>- ( als
prey on thefe fWh wIk never liny c;:n e-.itih tlirn),l>ut,
by a natural inltiii.'t, thry are tau'jht to .ivoid tlul?
voracious meiiiies, by Ihelierin;; ihi iilelv' i in h(d"-,
among (lunv ground, <iii the hanks of th.- river-;, and
in thefe places they were frequently taken. A Hfll
called the (i,ir,lu.i/, about twelve inches in Kivnii,
«as feen in great abiiml ni'.e, and niiotlirr r.mrtl ili-
Sortliiic, was fiiind unly .i( 'hj commeiicemint of the
winter iiafon ; I'oine w liiie p<.!poifts were taken in the
bays, v hen the weather was fair, and fome eels in
thole cavities of the rocks which are filled wiih water.
A frelh- water fi(h was found, about the li7C<if a trr .11,
without fcales, the colour of it was green. Many
fmaller fifll wrre caufht with the hook and line,
among them was one (pedes the he.ul of wliii h re-
fembled that of a pikr, and it hid no le.iles. A few
foals wcru found ; and anum;; the lli.ll-fini were
mufcles, a very fmall kind oflhrinip, a cr.'b, tliefcet
of which were blue, iind a kind of cr.iy f!h, 01 prr.vn,
the colour of which was naturally red, wiihuiit boil-
ing, but thefe v< ere only taken thrni'li < uritlily, a?
their t.ittc was much inferior t'l thol-j Eurotv..iii li;h
which arc nearly of the lame (pocies.

Every one knows the difputc be'tvve n C;rcatj;ii-
tain and Spain relative to thefe iflanil>, and how ir
was at laft terminated. It h'pp. iiul in iiutcaf.as it
gem rally <loes in matters of fuch a nauiiv, that fi'ir.r
were for crying up the place for a p.ii..ilii-, whillf
others rcprifented it a-- barren and not woitli contend-
ing for. If we take the medium b.iwun the!'-, we
(hall find ourfelvcs nearer to the truin. Tho accounts
which have jult been given on the one liaml, in<l;c..lc
not a barren foil j but then it is to bo ccnfulcred, on
thu other, that thofe who firit li ttle colonies which
Ihey wilh to thrive arc apt to b- Uiiuk with every
thing which appears to recommend ihi m, and to i;ivc
rather flattering del'criptions of liiem. On the whole,
thefe iflands feem not to be ilcditiite of rr.nW of thu
produdlions common to the latitucc \ h>r.,n t!-, y arc
iituated, wood except-d ; and it ih»..ic.l ilvin t!..it by
time and labour the foil is capable of improvein;.ni.

After waiting here till the 2d of June, 1767, in
expeftation of the Ktoile liore fh.p, v.'.ieii it wa>
found that ftie did not arrive, M. H 'U^amvillc con-
fidcied, that as his vi il'el would hold no more th 111 llx
months provifions, and that lie had only two on bo.-.rd,
it would be an aift of ralhnels to attempt the croifing
the great I'acific Ocean alone j he th.-reforc refolved
to (leer to Rio Janeiro, at which place he had ap-
pointed the Etoilc to join him, in cafe any unfoiv-
fcen accident fhould prevent her reaching Falkland's
Iflands, before he left the harbour of that place. They
had line wrathcr from the 2>1 till the 2oth of June,
on which day they had fight of the mountains on the
main land of Brazil ; and they law the entrance (>f
Rio Janeiro on the day following. A number of tifli-
ing-boats being ohfervcd near the fliore, M. Bou-
gainville hoilted I'ortuguefe colours, and ordered .1
cannon to be fired ; on which a boat put off to the
ihip, and a pilot was engaged to condud her into the
road.

The coal! of this country is brokeit by a number of
fmall hills, which ferve to give an agreeable variety
to the pro.'"pc(S. The land is rather mountainous,
and well cloathed with woods.

The (hip havingarrived off Santa Cruz, a Portu-
eucfeodicer was fent toenquire the rcafon of her fail-
ing into it ; on wnich M. Bougainville lent one if
his officers to acquaint the viceroy of the Brafils, witli
his motives for touching there, and to demand whe-
ther if he (hould falutc the fort, the compliment would
be returned. The governor haughtily replied, that
when a perfon bowed to another, whom he might ca-
fually meet in the ftreet, he was not prcvioufly certain
that his compliment would be returned, and that if
M, Bougainville (hould fire his guns by way of falule,
he (the viceroy) had then to confider what was proper
to be done. In confcquence of this infoleiit mef-
• Rrr fi.ge

i;'-;

«4«

THE V O Y A C. EOF

176-

Tuge the FrfJith rommanJer rrfolvcd very properly
nut tu lalutc At all.

About the luinc time a canoe wai difp.itcheil from
thccapt.iiii of the ttoilc, to iiit'orni M. Hou(;aiiivillc
of the Ule arrival ot that venil which iiuw l,iy 111 the
port. 'I'hv cummaiidcr, iM. de la Ciirauilau, fi-iit
wurJ, lh:it iitlteailof Icaviii ; France in the month ul
Uccembcr, \:irioui accidrnts had cuniliiixd tu detain
him tAomoiuhi bcyuiul that time: that when he h.id
bci I three months at fca, his rigging was fu gicatly
damngcd, and his vcflcl admitted lu much water, that
he was obliged to make the harbour of Montevideo,
whence he f:iiled fur his prelcnC lialion, and had come
to iin anchor but a few days before M. iJouj;ainvilIc.
'l"he ttoilc had at this time f.ilt provilions fullicitnt to
fupply bothvclUls for almult a year and a half i but
ms her Kick of bread, &c. was inlufficient fur the
confunuitiun M more than fcven weeks, M. lioujrain-
villc rclolvcd on tailing to Rio de la i'lata, tu take in
n llock, as neither flour, wheat, nor bilcuit could be
purchiifcd at Kio Janeiro.

On the Jizd of June, 1767, M. Bougainville and
lii> otficcrt, paid a vifit to the viceroy of the Kralils,
which wa» returned three days afterwards on board the
Btiude'ife i when the viceroy pave |)erminion for the
piirchafc of a Hoop, which the adventurers imagined
might be very feri iceable during the long voyage they
propolcd to make. 'I'he chaplain of the Ktoile hav-
ing been murdered fome days before the arrival of the
Hdadcufe, under the windows of the viceroy's pa-
l.ice, that gentleman prcmifcd that he would ende.i-
vour to find out, ,Tnd feverely puniflt the pcrjietrators
of the horrid deed : he appeared very teinifs in regard
to tlie fulfilling his pioinife in the execution of
this neceflary piece of jiillice. Yet, contrary to
his ufuil cuftom, he behaved with politcnefs to the
Krench officers, for feveral days after this vifit ; and
ac(]uainteil them, tliat he propofed to entertain them
with an elegant collation in bowers of orange-trees
andjafmine, on the banks of the river j and he ac-
tually gave orders that a box at the opera (hould be
airigned for their reception.*

At this time there lay in the harbour of Rio dc J.t-
neiro a Krench (liip called the Morning Star, and a
Spaniftl man of war, named the Diligent; and while
I 'e viceroy behaved with all imaginable politenefs to
the Frenchmen, he had artfully protraiScd the ftay of
the Spaniard no lefs than eight months, during all
which time her commander had not been able to pro-
cure the articles nccelTaiy for the repair of hisvellel,
and without which (he could not proceed on her
voyage. In this dilemma, Don Francifco de Medina,
captain of the Diligent, applied to M. Bougainville
for the afliltance of liis carpenters and caulkers, who
were immediately fent, both from the Boudcufc and the
Ktoile.

'IMiecomplaifancewith which the viccxoy treated the
gentlemen on board the French vclTcls, furpril'ed the
Spaniards, w ho told tliem, that they muft not long ex-
peit fo greata ih.ire of his favours j and they had foon
reafon to be convinced that the prcdii^tion was founded
in truth ; for though the viceroy liad i>crmitted M.
Bougainville to purchafe a (loop, and he had adEually
agreed for one, his excellency thought proper to forbid
the delivery of it, and notwithtianding thev had con-
tracted with this tyrannical governor tor the purchafe
©f fome timber from the royal dock yards, he after-
wards changed his mind, and would nut let them
have it. He even went fo far as to refufe M. Bou-
giinville, and the gentlemen on board his (hip, per-
mirtion to lodge in a houfe near the town, while the
Bouduefe was repairing, though the owner had given
his confent.

The French commander now determined with two
of his officers, to pay the viceroy a vifit, in order to
make proper remonflrances on the line of conduct he

• Here, favi ovir author, a band nf Mulattoes performed
the licit pieces ol' MctalUtio, while the c«mpotitiuns that the
greatcil giniufct uf luly ever produced Wwe executed by an

had purfued ; but this haughty mnn would not hcif
him Ipe.ik : on the contrary, he commaii lul him to
leave his linulc-. M. Bougainville rel'ufed to tlo in,
.iiid even kept his leaf Ionic time ,iticr the guards had
bci n talleJ, who negleiled to obey the lumnions i and
the French departed quitely. Not lung utter tins af-
luir, an adJitrjnal number uf guns were placed ruuiiJ
the p.ilace, and the viceroy commanded that every
Freiu hnian, who might be (een in the llrects after lun-
fct, fliould he taken into cultody, Mu likcwile or-
dered the captain of the French Ihip called the Morn-
ing Star, to (juit the fituation where he lay, ,iiid to
anchor his vellel uider the fort of Villag.ihun, which
order was :u curdingly complied with.

Banifliment and imprironiricni were the fate of two
of the I'ort'igucle officers for having bihaved civilly
to M. Bougainville, and the French apprehending
nothing but ill ulage from the rHiriils of the viceroy,
the Cuuni D' Acunha's tyrannieiil dilpufitian prepared
to (juit the plate ; though the inhabitant's weie wil-
ling ciKiunh to hold an intercourfc with them, M.
liuugainnlle was fuppiied with fome timber proper
for the repairs of his vellel by a captain of a Spanilh
man of war, and Ibme planks were alio fold him by
an inhabit.int ol Kio Janeiro.

M. Bougainville's account of this place beinj; re-
markable, aiid containing many interefting particular*,
we Ihall here recite it, though we have formexly given
our reader fome account of this fetllement,

" The mines (fays our author) which lie nearcft
Rio Janeiro, are not lefs thin an hundred and twcnt/
miles from that city, and are denominated 7lt Grntiat
tVIinti. I'he king of Portugal, who has a fifth (hare
in thefe mines, feldom receives lefs than one hundred
and twelve arobas of gold from their annual pro-
duce.

" There are mines at Scro Frio, Sahara, and Rio des
Morte«, which are under the jurifdiction of the ma-
n.ij;crs of the Gencr.il Mines. Near Sero Frio is a
river, the ftreain of which being turued out of its
ufual channel, diamonds, topazes, chryfolites, and
other valuable flones are found among thi^ pcbblet
in the bed of the river 1 nor are any diamonds brought
from the Brafils but fuch as are tuund on this par-
ticular fpot.

" The Hones thus found are deemed the property of
the owners of the mines: but the king of Portugal
has appointed a Uirveyor, to whom they muft give an
account of what diamonds are found, with thrutmoft
cxadncfs. Thefe the furvcyor puts into a caflcet
which has three locks, and is inclufed in iron plates,
the viceroy keeping one of the key«, x.\\e Pravadar Jt
Hazicnda Realc l\ic fecond, and the furveyor the third.
This cafket, and the keys with which it is locked,
are then inclofed in a fecond calkct, on which thefe
three gentlemen affix their feaU, and this again is
placed in a third, whereon the viceroy puts his feal,
and thus (hips the trcal'ure for Portugal, where the
coffers are opened in the prefence of his Aloll Faith-
ful Majellv, who having felecled fuch of the diamftnds
as he pleafes, the owners of the mines are paid for
them, at a rate ftipulated by a previous agreement.

" The number of (laves employed in fearching for
diamonds is about eight hundred, and for every day'*
libour of each of thefe, the king of Portugal re-
ceives a Spanifli dollar from the proprietors of the
mines. It is extremely dangerous fur any perfon to
fccrcte a diamond j yet the praikice is very common,
as they can be fo eafily hiddiii. When a perfon is
detected in this illicit tr:ide, if he is rich, he is fen-
tenced to deliver up the diamonds, to )>ay twice their
value, (uft'er one year's impril'onmcnt, and then be
banilhed to the coafl of Africa for life ; but if the of-
fender be poor, he is generally doomed to (iitf'cr capital
punifhmcnt. In every di(lri£l of the Binfils where
gold is found, a houfe is eredled, to which it mu(V be
6 carried.

urcliclVa, which was under the dircOion uf a huinp-backcd
pric(t in liik eanonicali.

K —

:-g.'^

M. BOUGAINVILLE.

a*1

i-bi^kcd

'Ctrfietli inJ the king't (tiarc paid ; i\\e. reft is frnt to
kiu Jiineiro, whrre it it iikUciJ into wcilic-'i and in
that lUte relurnril lo the u^tnerh : tlicfu wcvtget being
numbered, and llainped with the king'i arms, the
weight is nuilcrd on earh widge, tlie g(d<l i> likewifc
alfayed, and the allov O.iiiipcd on it, tor tlic gaalcr
expedition when it loinef lu bu coined.

*• About ninety niilcii from Rio Janeiro U a place
called Prayhuna, where there is an olHcc lor reyilier-
\ng the ingot< which are the property ot private peo-
ple, and as all petl'oni coming from the nunes mud
fieteflarily palu by this plate, two military ulFiccri
are ihitioncd here, having fifty men under their toin-
in.ind, whofc bufinefs it is lf;ictly tu examine, that
no illicit trade is carried on, <o that every one who
pallcs it obliged to fubmit to the Itrii^tcll fearch. At
this place, exclufive of the tax to the king, men and
boats are taxed with a farther loll of a real and a half
•ach, the moiety of which becomes the property of
the ofKcers and foldicrs, and the other moiety goes to
his Portugucfc Majfrty.

" The ingots ot gold, which beloni; to private peo-
ple having been regittered at Praybun.i, arc then
carried to Kio Janeiro, where the proprietors are
paid their value in demi-doubloons, which are
worth a'lout thirty (hillings each of Enulifli money,
but there is a profit to the king, for alloy, and for
carrying thefc demi-duubloons, of about four (hil-
lings and fixpence on each. The mint at Rio Janei-
ro IS a very noble building, admirably adapted for
the purpofc of coining money, which is performed
with great expedition -, and this, indeed, is rendered
nece(Iary, bccaufe two Portugucfc fleets nfually ar-
rive nearly at the lame time that the gold is brought
from the mines.

" The fleet which arrives from Porto brings coarfc
cloth, feveral articles of food, with brandy, wines,
and vinegar, and this, with the fleet that comes from
Lifbon, occalions Rio Janeiro, to be a place of very
confiderable triide ; the cttcils, on being landi-d, ars
charged with a duty of ten per cent, to his Portu-
guefe Majelly.

" Soon after the earthquake at Lifbon, in the
year 1755, an import of two and a half per cent,
tinder live name of a free gift to the king, was laid
on all goodb landed ;it Rio Janeiro, fu that the whole
duty paid is no lels than twelve and a half per cent.
The latter duty is inllantly paid on the goods being
brought on (horc, but the officers of the cuftom-hou^
will tako ftcurity for the payment of the former at
thcexpirationofhalfayear. There arc two diftriiSs,
named Pratacon and Quiaba, the mines of which pro-
duce diamonds i but no perfon is permitted to leek
for them, that the market may not be overftocked ;
for it is evident, that to make diamonds plentiful,
would be to render them of little value. His Portu-
cucfe Majelty is at an expencc of about 145,0001.
jlerlin^, annually, for repairing the (hips anu pub-
lic buildings, workinjj the mines, and paying all his
Icrvants, civil and military. *

The Boudeufc and Etoilc weighed their anchor on
the 14th of July, 1767 ; but as the wind abated I'oon
afterwards, they were obliged again to bring to, he-
fore they could get out of the harbour. Tlicy failed,
however, on the following day, and in the ni^'ht of

• The imount irifing to tlie king of ^ortul;«I in (Icrling
noncy, from ihe royal revtBuei of Rio Janeiro i> as followj :
_., , ,.-, Dollars.

Tilt kiRg I fifiht are gtner»lly, one ye«r wi:li inotlicr, ")

>l>oui one hunilrcil and titty aroba« of goU, which >i,iij,ooo
mike in Spanifli Jollai* J

The duty on liiamondi amounts to •4»,oi>o

The profit atifing from the coinage of monev ii 400,000

The duty of ten per cent, paid at the cullum-houfe it 3 50,000
The free giftot two and 1 hall per cent, amounts lol .

about J" 07i00o

Varloue produces of the mines, with the poll-tax,")

and monies ariling from the laic of uffictj and f «n,ooo
cmploymentt J

A duty laid oa n(|ro flay*! piudiice* x 10,000

the iQth, the main-iop-fail of the Brniileuf* was car*
•111 .\wny by the vinli lur ot the wind. \

On the miirniiig of ilic jihili the I'leiich voyager*
uiX light of the L'allilles, at the ililbiu:e i<f fonictliiii|;
iiioie than 30 miles. They law the 1 iitrance of a ha),
which M, Unugainville coMJicluii d 10 br ihe lame < 11
the b.inks of which the Spaiii.iids have 1 mileil a kit,
Ihe vellels fail d inl'i Rio de I 1 I'lat.i, and wtra
■Aiihiii ftj;ht of the iM.ilJoiudos on the ;.ryili. K.irly ir«
the morning of the y.\\ they had a view of il.c Ifle of
Lobo^, and Infore night c;mie to an amhur in tha
bay ol Montevideo. As lix.n as the veihls wci«
aiKhored, the governor lent ,1 gentleman on board
Monf. liougainville's (liip, wlio actiuaintcd hinii
that molt ot the Je!uits in ihilL- parts had been lately
leized, and their cllates confilVated, in conlequenec of
an order received from the ruiirt ol Spain, and it hiineil
that thefc viAiinsof fiiperior power had ftarcely nadi!
till lead rcfirtancc, and that they l»->re their misfortunes
with fortitude. No lefs tli:in tuny of thtin had biru
taken away in the vefl'els which biuui^ht the order*
for their difgnce,

As it was ncceffary that M. Ilougainville (lioulJ
remain in his prefeiit llation, till the e(|uinox w.is
pafl'ed i his lird care was to build an hol'pilal for the
fiek, and to t.akc lodirings at Montevideo, This
being done, ho repaired to Uuenos Ayres, in order to
halicn the ptovifion of fuch nccellaiies as he waiuudf
for which he was to pay the I'.imc price as tho
king of Spain ulually gave fur the fame com-
modities.— He was alfodcfiious of convcrfinj^ with
thc;;overnor-general, Don Krancifco Huecarelli about
the behaviour of the governor of Rio Janeiro ; and lie
foon learnt that Don Buccarclli, inltead of making
rc|)rirals on the viceroy of the Bralils, which he could
have done, veiy much to the prejudice of Portugal,
had, more prudently, only fent a narrative of his
proceedings to the court of Spain. Dnn BuCcarrlli was
however fo ready to fupply M. Bougainville with fuch
articles as he Itood in need of, that in lels than
three weeks two vciTels failed for Montevideo, with
ladings of flour and bifcuits for the ufe of the Frencli
(hips. M. Bougainville alio went to Montevideo,
leaving an inferior oflicer at Hueiios Ayres, to fee rhs
remainder of the provifions fupplitd. They now
expet^ed to fail very (hortly, when an accident
happened that detained them Come weeks beyond the
intended time. A Spanifh regifter fhip being at
anchor, a violent hurricane arole in the night, and
driving her againll the Etoilc, carried away part of the
head of that vefl'el, and broke her buwfprit on a level
with the deck. The leaks of the latter being cn-
crcafed by this accident, it was abfolutely necefTary
that (he (hould undergo a thorough repair, but as there
was not timber enough at Montevideo for this pur-
pofe, M. Bougainville obtained Don BuccarcUi's per-
miflion that (lie might go up the livcr, to the Lnce-
nada de Baragan, a little bay fotmed by its mouth,
and in this bay by the 21ft of OiSobcr (lie was put in
a condition proper for failing, and began to take in
the necefl'ary provifions.

In the road of Encenada, M. Bougainville found
a frigate and feveral merchant (hips which were
bound for Europe, and two Spanifh veflisls, which
having taken in a (lore of ammunition and provirion$,

were

A tenth on all the food of the country, and tlict^ixcsl
on ioap, fait and train-oil, bring a rtvcnue of /

IJOiOOO

Total 3,667,000

From whence it ppcart that t:;e king of Portugal's rcvenuca
arifing from Rio _ %nciro, amount anually to above 4^0,000!.
flcrling.

t On board of . t. Bougainville's (hip was a profefTor of
adronotiiy, who madt the cxpediiion with a view of dilcovering
the longitude atfea, a d at aneclipfc nf the fun was to happen
on the a ;th of the mom 1, great hopes were formed that an op-
pirtunity would thereby Ik obtained of making the wifhed-tor
difcoveryi butithappcned that thefe fanguine expcflations were
all fniftrate.l, by toe intervention of cloudt, which obfcurcd
the lace ol the fun alnwii during the whole time of the ecliple.

i'4

I'' I 'i

THE VOYAGE () V

wcrf tc f,n to F.ilktanil'» I(l:inil» ; anil trnin thi im
111 the .SiMiih .^'.n, ti> like I'll lio.iiil till- JiliiitK <it
Piru ,iiiH Chill, two xcUckn likcwilc l.iy hin, mu' nl
wliiili wa< liudcd with |iri'lonti troin hi> inoK Ca-
thi>lic Mnji-Ky, In ilir inhalijlantt ol Trrr.i ilel I'lir^n,
In rclurn fir ihiir roniluct tow.irilK the ckw ol ihc
C'liicrpiion, which :ib(>ultwu years bilniew^i't wrickot
upi>n iho coiift.

Till- Kri nth rnmrnnnrfcr ohiirvo* llut the pcnpic
nil ilie hmk of the h ncrnida ile U4rn:>.iM live in iticin
huK, C'lnllnkUd (if rulhr^, »nil rovfKil with loii-
Ihcr, which arc litii.itc on a lull Co barriii that i<im-
iiKi'i mrrllari'i irr h:ir»l to lio ''(it. This (hip (ailcil
from th ronil of tncinaila de Bura;;an for Spain,
which had i n board Z50 Jitiiits and mcilt of the l-'rcnch
familirt lhi( had lilt Falkland's lllands. Two
Spanilh rcnid.r fliipsiirriicd al ilii« tiiiu-, oni'iifwhich
bring III .s;riat dillri'f», M. Bougainvillr (hewed his
humanity by fciidini; many "( hi» rnw on bii.ird
hi r, aii'i (he wm hiuuglit lo Munttvidco harbour by
tlicir aflilhiiH'

From thr Lncrnnda the Ktoile failed on the ;jolh
»if Oil^ohcr, and wa< (ollnwod the next ilay by
the liiiiJculc, having on board provilioni for ten
inonth«, and in their pali'igc to Moniivnlco, they loll
three men, a boat which they were in, ruiiiiinp toulol
the (hip at (he was wearing : it was with ditKciilty
that two others were laved and the bout wat reco-
vered.

A ftorm Toon overtook them after they had failed
from Montevideo, in which both the vellcis loll moll
cf the cattle which they had purchafed for (tore.

At this time they had uncertain winds, and violent
nirrents which drove the vcdels to the 45th dcpric ol
(oiith latitude, and nt length they inailc Cape Viri^iii,
wliich Sir John Narboroiigh called. Cape Virgin
Mary.

In their courfc they faw many albatrolTes and pc-
trcN, pcnpiiins, fcals, and whales ) and the tkins
fif the latter appeared to be covered with little worms,
fomewhat like thrfe that are found at the bottoms ol
vell'cU in harbour, which lie there till they are rot-
tin;;.

(hey mad.? the land of Terra del Fuego, foon af-
ter they had lij'.htof Cape Virgin, and lor iivanydays
afterwards had nothing but contrary winds and liuinis.
The wind hlowini; more in their favour for a little
while, on the third ol December they tried to reach
the l(rei;4hts month, hut a calm and a thick fun I'uc-
ceedid, when the brcc/.e role up again, night coming
on, they (leered to the wcftward.

ThcvDoodin for land again on the 4th, as the wind
was once more favourable ; but the rain and ha/.y
Weather hindering them from Ceeing thecoa((, they were
obliged to keep the fea ; when it cleared up a little al-
ter, they made another attempt to enter the ilteights,
when the wind changed, the fog returned, and they
Were oliHged to lie to between the main land, and the
tWii (luiies of Terra del Fiicijo. ( 'n the' 4th of De-
cniber th? fonCail of the lioudculc was Iplit by tie
fiirvof tilt vsinds, and as at this time they were in no
d'-cper water than 3C fathom, they determined to feud
uii 'ev their bare pidts, lell they (hould run toul of
I'omc biiakcrs which lie off Cape Virijin to theloiith
fouth-e.^ft. Tnev now made other fruitltfs attenipts
to enter the ftreights, fometimes being within light of
the c.ipe, and at other times a conlitierHble diJIunce
from it. The niglit of tlie 15th was fpcnt in (land-
ing ofF and on ; and early iit the morning! of the 6th
th'.y were in fii;lit of Cajit I'ofieilion, and likewileof
Terra del Fuego. They nou took the advantage of a
weltirlv tide, and tried to get dole to the coall of
Pataf^oiiia. T'hev kept founding all the night between
the 6th and 7th, not failing at a greater dillanrc from
the coafl th.in thar leagues. VVliat they had gained
by plying to the windward, they lod by the oppofition
cf thi- currents, and ;ihout noon on the 7th, were in
their former ftntion. This day they had fight of Cape
Orange, which forms the firrt narrow pal's in the
(freights. Ti'is nariow ,)af>M, Bougainville called a
7

gilt. It is rather more ttirn fortv ftnle. iieni C ij*
\ iigin til this Hilt gut, am! the ltrii|tlilk lor iliisdii-
lanieareof dilfireni lirciillhs, but lildomhls il'jii
live, or more lh:inle»iii Ua'in. On the noiili umII
the hiid IS hifih and healilv, and vt a. ncul.ii 4)i|i-, r -
ance, as tar as Cape I'ollillinn, in the h.vs ol ulmll
there are liveral duiigiroui rotks, lo whiili Sii Ji ml
Narboiini:;h gave thi iume ol Alles l..iri. In ihe i.l-
tirnooii when tlky h.al leaehid thcintrance of iti*
gut, tliimgh the wind blew I .Ui, iiiul all I'leir fail*
were Kt, the tide ran Willi in gnat Innc, tlim lUrj
were driven backwaul>, inlKad of aaKaiiiiiig 111 tin ir
voyage-. Ill the exeiiinr thelhijis wcie .uiehoiiJ in
Holliliion lUy, .mil on the iijihth, bv the aflitlanie o^
a Kroiig liieeze, thiy lleminid the ti le, and .iLeiwaids
by ililleiuit tacks, thev pot ihroiiuh the lirll nairuwr
eiiiraiiccol the gut, with the wind a/.iiiilt tliini.—
Uuiiiig the preceding nielit, they h. J ojilervrd hut
on the ihure, and this moiiilng they dili overed a whito
Hai',, which the Fatagoiiiaiis had en I'ld on a riling
gioiiiid i on which a wliite Hag was liktwil'e huidi'dat
the malt head of eath vellil. I'hc Hag which thrfi;
Fatas'oniaiis held up, was one given them hv the loin-
nuniler of the Ktoile, when lh.it (liip l.>y in Bout miI.'h
Bay, in Ihe month of June, 1766, lo that it is evi-
dent that the people were the fame. M. Bougainville
fpivks in very gratelul terms of the care ih-.k In-
dians had taken to preferve the flag.

As the fliipi were palTiiig the alxive-menlioned puf,
a number of nien cliiatlied in the Ikins ol bealls w tc
obfrivedon Terra del Fuego, who ran along t.'u fliore
with Ihe utmoll ixpi ditioii, in order to keep p >ce with
the vclUI) they alfo fre(|uenily biikoiuil with their
hands, at if tliey v/iiliid the viiyi.;ers to rtep. I'lit
Spaniards fay that tlie iiaiives of tli., pail of I enadcl
Fuego, are lefs favage in their manners than nudt
other Indians. When M. Bougainville f. iled fioii' Kici
dc 1.1 I'lata, a Spanilh (hijiwason the point of fiilini;
thence lo convey lome pri'Hs to inllruiit th. le piopic
in the dudrincs of Cliri liaiiity. The (hip havniji;
come to an anchor in llie afernoor, in Boucauh't
Hay, Icveral olliiers from each vi ilel, liaviny, tire-
ainis with them, embarked in boats, and went i 11
Ihore at the bottom of the bay. The common l..iliir«
were ordered to remain in tr>e boats, and to k4cp th. m
a float. TTie giiitleinen were no Conner landed tl.in
h.ilf a dozen of the natives tame riding up to them in
full fpeed. Wlun they were advanced within filty
yards of the liiiiih, they difmouiited and came for-
waiil, pronouncing the word Sh,iii ri. Having i nine
up ijuite dole, they held nut their arms, and laid theni
on thole of the uHici rs, whom they (huuk hands
with, and enibr.ic.d them, re|«atedly faying Shuw,,;
which word was repeated by M. Bougainville and his
oflicers. The Fatagonians appeared to be much ple.iled
with the company of their mw friends ) hut it was
oblerveil that liuiieiif them h.id a miMure ol fear im-
printed on tlieir countenances : this, howivcr, wat
loon rtm .ved by the hofpitaiity of the oHicers, w hii
lent to ilic boats for bread cakes, which were as
readily eaten as they were chearlully given. More > f
the Indians foon approached, among whom were lonu
childixn. T'hey cxprelli'd no kind of lurprilc at thu
light of their vifitants, and (eeined not to be unac-
quaiiited with the iilc of lire-arms, as appeared bv
their making a noife wdiich refeinbUd the npoit o( a
gun. The good-iiatuie of thell- ptoplu u.i»expicil'«d
in all their ailions : fpnie of the French gentlemen
being engaged in collecting pKints, the Patagonians no
fooiier faw what kinds they colle<5ted than they immedi ■
atily began to pull up and bring the fame forts. One <jt
them obfcrving an olHccr engaged in this cmplov-
ment, went to him, and pointing to his eye, which
had received an injury, intimated his wifli, that I'ome
herb might be fllcwn him the virtues of which would
I lie the difordcr j and this was deemed to be a eon-
clufive proof that they had an idea of the mcdicitl
powers uf herbs. M. Bougainville received fioni thefa
Palai'onians a number of (kins of theguanacoe and
other bcafts, in exchange f»r n few (dnkets on wfrich

they

•c

■\

lltv

lie

i.l

.1*
nil-

.It
:»

M
■. f

.iin<
llid

, no

Ji-

lieot

1(.V-

ilch
bnie
Duld
:on-
llcal
;l«-r>:
aiul
rich
they

tjiry (ttmti to ftt t arrat vjIu^-.
iiK'ii having rr>l i Injidn

M. n o u o

SnmcoC thr k-rntli-

A I N V I L L L.

^ntncol inr ^',i
I un, (he nativri advjiiiiil, .tiiJ
llroukftl Ihi'in Willi (hiir haniU, rcctiiitig h)My clo-
li|{htcd with every tliiii^nt ih^t colour t ihiy iiifo iii.ide
(ignt lur fonic tubjci's '■■ol aiofiriiat any thing wat
■ivin (hem, they ciicil out Shtw^i, in t very Iciuil ii\ii
nil.u;ri't.iblc (one. A finjll qu.in(i(y nt' brjnjv being
(irelinirj to each of the Pa(.i|{oniaiM, they lutl ru
liMiner drank, (han they flruck their hjuJt er(H-iteilly
ag.iinll lliiir (hro4(^, and I' w with their miiuih>, l»
an til |iriuliiie a kimluf trembling liiiiiid, at the cmi-
iluliiiniif which they h.id a fingubr nuivering of ihc
Iij)». The evening advanced, and (he ginlleincn re-
|i.iircd (o their (hips, which wa* no fiKincr obfcrved by
the Indians than their uncinneU wa« ex^>^e(^ed in
Ihi'ir coiintriianec, and they intinutcd by ligm, that
they vvilhed ihcni to remain Imnjer, ai tliey expee'led
more of their brethren. The I'rcnch, on the contrary,
made fipnn that they would come ai-ain the nc\( day,
and bring fueh articles a» the native* had retjiielled
of them. M. U(i«(;ainvillc and lim party now walked
to their boats accompanied by tbc imlian , one di
^vhom fung fongn till thev reacbed the coalt, and fe-
veral of them v^•ellt into i\k water, .11 far a» wlurctl.
boatu lay, and Ibijied all the artick> they could lay
their hands on, hut when they (aw they were ohkrvcd,
they made no lerupic to return lluin. A'' the boalt
were rowing oH", many more I'atagonians were obfer-
vcd galloppin;; down to tbeir ouintiymen i and (he
crews of the boati now cried out //»iu'>i lb loud, (bat
the people on Ihoro could not fail to hear (hem. M.
Bougainville l>iys, that tbefc Indians were the fame
that were fecn by (he crew '-f the ttoile, in the
year 17C5, for one of the feamen recollected a perl' n
among iliein whum he had before Inn. TbelepeO|'ic
are well mad'', and appear to be about the height de-
fciibed bv otliT voyagers. Our author fay<, that it
is the thickiicts of (heir liinbs, the hrgcnel's of their
beads, and tbccxtranidinaiy hie.vllh of their Ihoulders,
thai make them appear to be of a gigantic race. The
colour of the Pata;^onianj is brown. Their mufcles
are ftrong, and their nerves well braced, and a« their
food abounds witli juices proper for the nouiKhincnt
«f the human fiame, it is no wonder that they ariive
•t their full growth. Their ryes are fparkling,
iheir teeth very white, their faci . extremely round,
but rather flat, and many of them are rather comely
men. Some of them have wbifkcr';, wliidi grow
long, but are veiy (bin, and thev all tie tl>;ir hair,
which is lung and black, on the top of the bead j tlie
checks of foire of them are painted red. Their lan-
guage has an a;:;iee.iblc and melodious found. Our
voyagers did not fee any of the Patagonian wnmen,
lh<>uj.',h it was conjeeliircd, that tbc men inten .
have brought them from a kind of camp, wh - .
peared to be about three miles dilUnt. ftl. Bo'igA...-
vllle fays thel".- people wear a piece of leather round
the wailt, and a kind of cloak made of Ikin':, which
dcfcend to the bottom of the leg, and is i;itt round
the body, the part that would otberwi ■ .over the
Ihtmlder-., is perr»iited to fall back, fo . ,t the greater
part of the body is left naked, t' ii' < .ic climate is
ill cold as apparently to require more -.1 vcring than
the whole which ihcy wear. [Ic was in the fiininier
that M. Bougainville was on the coaft of Hatatjonia,
yet, he fays, there w,.s only a fingle day on which
the thermometer was obf. rvtd to rife to ten degrees
hi:;hcrthin the freezing point.] The reft of the drefs
of the Patagonians confiftcd nt a furt of half-boots,
made of the (kins of the horfe, and left open at the
back part of the Kp. A few of them wore on the
thigh a finp of copper, two iiiehes in breadth; and
the necks of two very young men were adorned with
heads. Some fmall kpives, of the manufacture of
England, were fecn in their poiTenion, which our
mithiir concludes were the gift of Commodoie Byron ;
and their only arms confiftcd of a twifted gut, in the
two ends of which were inclofed a round pebble, and
weapons of that kind, he fays, are ufcd in all that
part of the Amcricaa continent. Their horfcs are
Vol. 1. N^ as.

very poor,
bri.lK, '
1.1

nd of a fm.1I! (ill', .ind the faddlri »nJ •
well- luch at are ufe.l by (he n.i'ives ut Ui'i dii
Plata. One of thilc people was oblavi.d to hiuo
gilt n.'ils on his (addle, ftiirups made of wcod en-
clofed nth cop|>fr, a biidle made of liailier twilld,
and a emnpli te .Spanifli haiiitfl. I nm l>jud cniililN
iliik(l\, as has been ohIcrveJ, of guaiiaeo.s and vi-
lunnas and they ea( both the (l> Ih and irarttiw of
thole anim.ils. I hey devour this raw, wiih p.reat
au.lity, and carry it with (hem on (heir h'lrfej.
i refli water beiii;» vciy fearcc in this coimtiy, llio
horfes ilMik the I'ea-walcr, as do likcwili: Ihc d>>gs,
which are both fmall and ugly.

It was obfcrved that I'liiiie uf them pronounced iv/-
fiilitn, tl'iii ^urn^, and other Sp.inilh woiJ^. M. Hou-
gainville cuneludei (bat the P.aagoni.in lead the lame
kind of life as the Tartar*, as ihey arc alw lys on
hoillback, traverling imnicnfe plains in purluit of
wild bealk<, and game i and lie imagines tli it iluy
alio, like the Tai'.ais, idutiiier (he c..ia\ ,1:1s <d tiavell-
crs ) but this remark .ems unlikely. Our author
eoncludes with fayin" that he has '* Since fk>und .t
natir.p in the Pacili.. Jcean, where ibj peiulc are
taller ihan the Patagonuns." .\1. Bou;aiiiville tells
us, th. : the ll''. of this country ii e\l:.mely dry,
and very mui.h ' ke that of l-.ilkl nd's IflaniH, the
ci'aft, I. wife, ■ 'ii.bitsthel'amekind of fi.a-weeds,nnil
Ihells ol (imilar lorts aredrcwcd up 'h ■ hiach. I'hi'
. juntryyicji "hrubs.but; dsno,. u!- forftielicr.

On (be gthof Deteml- . )/''';. 1 i (h; faili of tl;n
ved'cls were let, to make ' I aj,.,ii.l .!ij fury of s'iO
tide ; but (h y were > -■ ^< 1 agnin to coii;e t' vi an-
chor, after (ailing tm / t'lrir mlli- Dmiiig two
Aboleilay ;He >• eailu r w„> f ) t,:i ;i ■ 'US lliil mt
a boat coi .1 | , ')(}" irem tiii (h j » . .:i -va. a inor«
(il'ying ci euiiill I'd-, as j;reat nutiib rs of llie i'lin-
gonians \ -re by iiis tiniii p't tuprihii, on the .;iot:
where they bad ci iiveil'd w iih tiic olTi'iis v*bo •>,
concerned (hat tiny Aire not abb (o I. ip ;';■ i; p -
mife with thi'fe fneni!ly peoph, wliofe little wants
might have be. n e.dily fupplird. It ; pprari.l by the
help of glado., .hat thiy b;td biiilt I vei.d h its on tlia
(hore, and it w;is obleivid, thii l^nie ot ih.in W'lc
ccnllantly lUopping backwanls aiul foiwaids Hum
ibis place ij a fpot where it was fuppolul the 111 un
body of tb. ni lay. Early on the morning of the liih
the Boudeule luft an aiiclior, by iiie part'iif; of the
Cable, loon after winch they let all their fail:, and by
the alfiance of the ebb (ide, and a favourable wind
they got through the fecond gut in the afternoon, and
anchoied on the north (ide of the ide of Klizabeth.
As they were detained here two days by tenipelluous
weather, and contrary winds, M. Bougainville rc-
folved to land on the ide of Klizabeth, where he met
with a few buftaids that were at this time hatching
their eggs, but thcfe birds were fu intimidated at the
fight of our adventurers, that they could not approach
near enough to have even a finglc (hot at them. The
idand produces no Wood, but only a kind of heath
!•■ hich might fiipply its place, as fuel for the fire.
The water of this place is brackifh, and the foil
extremely dry. Several places were likewifeobftrvcd,
which had been marflies that had become dry, and
the ground on fome parts of them were covered wi'h
a thin crurt of (alt. It was evident that the idand
was ocrafionally vifited by the Indians, as the (hells
of fome filh they hud eaten were found near where a
dead dog was lying, and where it was plain that fires
had been made. 1 he adventurers were now on the
point of entering that part of the ftreiglits of Mnglicl-
l.in which abounds in woods, and the principal dif-
ficulties were already overcome. On the afternoon
of the 30th the anchors were weighed, and they fail-
ed with a ftrong wind in a channel between the
idands of Dartheleni'iand Lions, and that of Elizabeth.
They were now obliged to coal! the laft named idand,
to ftecr clear of a number of breakers, with which the
other idands are encompalTcd. Having failed beyond
Cape Noir, they obferved th.at the country h.id a plea-
fant appearance, being almoll every where covered

* r^wS^''-.-.

24«

THE VOYAGE Ot

1767

Bay Duclos.

Fidich Bav.

with woods, which afforded 4 moft delightful profpcdl
to the eye. In the evening tlic wcath'.r bctame lud-
denly calm and pleafant, fo that iVl. Bougainville
pleali-'d himfclf with the hope ot bciiiu; able to double-
Cape Round before the morning ; but in this climiite
the molt flattering ap]>carances arc by no means to be
relied on ; a truth that was fully evident in the prc-
Icnt inllancc j for foon after twelve ut nij;ht the wind
fuddcnly (hifted, and blew moft violenilv, bringing
with it ftorms of hail, and deluges of rain, whik- a
fog.apparently impenetrable, covered the whole toaft.
Tiie main-fail of the Boudeufe being fplit by this
ftorni, they endeavourcti to make Port Kaminc, ..here
they hoped to be (heltered from the tempclt ; hut this
attempt was fruitlel's, for the violence of the current
was fuch that they loft nine miles in as many hours,
and were hurried with amazing rapidity into a large
b.iy, formed part of the coalt of Terra del Fuego,
which M. Bougainville called Bm Ducks, from the
name of the officer who was next in command under
the commodore of the expedition, and wholj know-
ledge and experience arc mentioned as circumltances
highly advantageous to the cntcrprize. This bay is
dcfcribed as being very convenient for fliips toaiichnr
in, on account of wefterly winiis blowing over the
coaft. Two fmall rivers difchargc their ftreams into
the bay, the w.iter of which is excellent at about a
quarter of a mile from the fea-coaft, though nearer
than that diftancc it is impregnated with faline par-
ticles. The landing place is a fandy beach, above
which a plcafant meadow ftictches itfelf to a con-
fiderable diftancc. Behind this meadow the woods
raife their lofty heads, and form a kindofamphi
theatre. Our adventurers traverfed a confiderablc
track of the country, without meeting with any living
animal, except a very few parroquets, buftards, ducks,
teals, and two or three fnipes.

Several huts were feen at the mouth of a river which
had been conftrucled by twifting branches of trees into
the form of an oven. In thefe huts were found a large
number of limpets, mufcles, and calcined Ihells, and
the huts thcmfel ves appeared to have been recently made.
Our adventurers going fome miles up the river, ob-
fervcd the track of human creatures, and remarked
that the flood came from the eaft at the rifing of the
tide, which they had not before obftrvcd in any other
part of the ftreightf. The feamcn were now engaged
in cutting woodtill the i6th, when the vcflcls failed
with a favourable wind, and paiTed Point St. Anne,
which covers Port Famine.

There are four bnys proper for the anchoring of
vcflcis, between Cape Forward and Cape Round, and
two of thefe bays are fepnratcd by a cape of a moft
iingularkind, which confifts of petrified fliells, lying
horizontally, and rifing more than fifty y.irds above
the level of the fea. M. Bougainville took foundings
at the foot of this cnpe, but a line of an hundred fa-
thom would not re.ich the bottom.

As the ftii|)s wore now becalmed for two hours, the
ity of ' ■
Cape
rly ■
Icf;
tude at fifty-four dcg. five min. and forty-five feconds
fourh. Its furfacc confifts of two h\\U, fomething
more than two miles in extent, one of \\ hich is con-
fi(leral-!v higher thi.n tiic other. The tops of thefe
hills ar covered with fiio" , which gradually melting,
by the warmth of the fun, fiipply with perpetual
moifture the roots of trees which arc fixed in the Cre-
vices of the rocks.

Hiiving returned to the fliip, and the wind coming
aVnut favourable, M. Bougainville failed in fearch of
a hi.rboui, which received the name of Frtnch Bay,
'.Ir.re he refolved to take in a quantity of wood and
«atcr, as a fupjily during their voyage acrofb the great
Soutli K?a. in coiifcqucnce of this refolution all the
boats vvtri ii-'i.uulv hoiftcdout, with a view to begin
thi'' ncc jfnrv hufincf* the next morning. The night
pro' i.n;; cxctflivcl^ ftormy and tcm;)cftuous, it was

commodore took this opportunity of taking the found-
ings near, and the bearings of Cape p'orward, which
lie mentions as the moft foutherly point of land on the
continent, in the known world ; and he fixes its lati

pafled in fears and apprchcnfions w hich baffle a'.l dc-
fcrintion.

E.irly in the morning a boat was fent out to ibund
the mouth of a river which h.id been previuullv de-
nominated Gennes River, from the name <l » g/;iilc- CcDocsRiTcr.
man who was partaker in the dangers and hanliliipscf
this expedition. As it was low-watei wh. n tii ■ boat
rc.icheil the Ihore, htr crow could not land without
running her a-ground on a fafid, and it w.is evident
that the larger boats could only make the ihore at
high water, I'o that their wood and water c(.iild !«
brought on board only once a day. For thcfi irafons
M. Bougainville determined to anchor in a fni.ill bay
about three miles diftant, called after his oan nam-.-,
"here he had taken in a loading of wood for F.ilk-
land's Iflands in the yc.ir 1765.

Bougainville Hay, to w.iich they now failed, i*
furrouiided by high mountains, which fccurc it from
the winds blowing from every point of the compafs,
fo that the furface of the water is unruiBed by a fingle
breer.e. Having caft their anchors in this b.iy, and
made faft the vefiels by means of hawfers tied to fomc
tiees on the coaft ; they landed, and found two In-
di.in hilts cnnftruckd of the branches of trees, but
they did not appear to have hern lately inhabitiil. In
the year 1765, M. Bougainville had caufid a hut of
bark to be erciited on this fpot, in which he left
fome trifles by way of prefent to fuch of the natives
ns might happen to wander that way : on this hut
he had put up a white flag, but both the flag and the
prefents had been taken away, and the hut levelled
with the ground. On th» morning of the i8th of
December, a kind of Camp was formed on Ihore, by
way of guarding the effects which were landed, and
piote<Sing the men who were to be employed in taking
in wood and water. Small ponds were now dug for
the accommodation of thofedeftined towalh the linen)
and the water-calks were ftiit on Ihore to be repaired.
The crew of the Eagle having cut down many more
trees than were wanted for that vcfiel, the labour of
this talk was faved to our prefent adventurers, who
were likewife happy in finding roads ready made
through the woods, lor the convenience of bringing
down the timber to the fca-Ihore, At this place the
remainder of the month was fpent in the ncciffary
employment above-mentioned, and in repairing the
Ihips, particularly the Etoile, which had fo large a
leak in her ftern, that moft of the hands oti board her
were fatigued beyond cxpreftion, by ftanding at the
pumps night and day alternately.

M. Verron, the aftronomcr, now landed on a little
ifland which was denominated the The Ijk of Obfii^^O' lilv of Obfcr-
tory, from its being a pl.icc admirably calculated for vjory.
making aftronomical obfervations; bur his labours
were fruitlefs, owing to thecloudincfs of the weather,
which is almoft perpetual in this country. At fomc
periods, however, the fun appeared free from clouds,
and melted a part of the (now which had lodged on the
mountains of the main land. Whenever this fine
weather happened, the prince of NalT.iu, attcmUd by
M. de Commerfon, a cclebr.itcd botanift, went in
Icarch of plants and herbs, and they were very I'uc-
cef'.ful in their rcfearch^s: but the gentlemen %vho en-
deavoured to filh or to hunt for animals, were not f<>
lucky, for they never caught any hfli j — and a fox w;*
only' killeu, fn little fuccefs had they in their fearch
aftir quadrupeds.

The French commander intending to take a furvcy
of thocoafts of the main land, and of thofe of Terra
del Fuego, wfnt in his boat on the azd in the morn-
ing, having two gentlemen in company who intended
to go with him as far as Cape Holland. At firft, they
had fair weather, but were afterwards overtaken by a
hurricane, and obliged to run into the mouth of a
fmall river for Ihelter, They waited in hope that the
temp -ft would abate j but in thi' mean while were be-
numbed with cold, and wet to the fkin, and at leii'ith we iv
forced to land and cut down fome branches of trees for
thepurpofe of conftrudting fome huts in which they
might lodge for the night, to defc&d them from the in-
7 clemency

Pethcr

BuHbil

Curmsr
dicrc Ba

Two'iirt

Sll:'«l-ln

Muuiiui

The Bay

J'ort of tl
CaTcaJe.

'V*

'iST-

••■;'^-'

M. BOUGAINVILLE.

247

' CcDnuRirer.

Pnhcrais.

nuubanin.

CurwiKrin-
dicrc Bay.

TwoSillcn.
Sii ■»i-l.>,it"
Muunuin.

The Bay and
Vort of the
CafciJc.

clemcncf of the weather I hut it continued to blow
and rain violently, aiiJ was To colJ, that the gentle-
men found their fKuatiun untcnitble, and ihcrclore
they fhcltercd themfclvcs In the belt manner they coulii
under the fail of the boat, keeping up aUr^e Hrc all
night. They loft no time in returning to tlie boat in
the morning, which carried th;m to their Ihip in good
time i as it Teemed very probable that it they had
ftayed much lunger, the weather growing more and
morcboiftruus, would not have admitted of their re-
turn, and this on fuch a coatl, that their cafe mull
have been dcfperatc.* Neverthelel's, when the tem-
peft had fublidcd, M. Bougainville, with the true
fpiritof one bent upon difcovery, refolved to go upon
a fecond expedition. Early in the morning of the
a9th, he embarked with the prince of NaAau, and
two others i the long-boat of the Boudeufc, and the
Ktoilc's barge having been equipped and provided with
mufqucts and fwivel guns for that purpofc. In about
fix hours they gained tlie coaft of Terra del Fuego,
and landing, fat down to a repaft in a place where the
natives had left a number of huts Handing. They
afterwards coafted the country for aconfiderable time,
and then crofled an inlet, which M. Bougainville,
for many reafqns, fuppofed to be a ftreight leading to
the fea, at no great diltancc from Cape Home. Hav-
ing almoft reached the opp^rite fide of the inlet, the
French difcovered feveral of the inhabitants on the
point of a bay, whither the adventurers fleered, and
the commander recollected that the people he then
faw, were the fame who he had remembered in the
courle of his former voyage. They generally made
ufe of the word Ptcheraii in the fame manner as thofe
already defcribed had done of Shawa, and thence they
had obtained their name, beftowed (asmoft appella-
tions of new-difcovered people and places arc in a
whiinfical manner) by the French.

Thefe Indians were feenaflembled to about the num-
ber of forty of both lexes, and feveral of their ca-
nos were obferved in a creek adjacent. The evening
however advancing, M. Bougainville could not ftay
long with the Pccherais j but left them with a view
to reach an inlet where he intended to fpend the night.
Failing however of accomplilhing this purpofe, tor
want of time, he landed on the bank of a river, and
ordered tents to be fuppliedby the fails, and making
a large fire, the party were better accommodated than
theylnd been the foregoing night. The inlet above-
mentioiK'd was found toformanexcellent harbour, and
on that accountreccived the name of Aiiu^a^/it from
the adventurers.

M. Bounard was left here to take an account of
every thing that might be thought worth notice, with
orders to return after he had made the furvcy In the
long-boat to the (hips. But the commander him-
felf, with part of the company, embarking in the
barge, rowed to the wcftward and difcovered an ifland,
on the coaft of which they faw feveral of the natives
catching fifli. They arrived at a bay before evening,
til which they gave the name of de la Ccrmtranilitrt,
from a rock that lay about a mile diftant from it.

Thoy left this bay on the 29th early in the morning,
and palled between two iflands, which M. Bougain-
ville called Tht Two Si/itn, which arc about nine
miles from Cape Forward, fo often mentioned in our
voyages. They foon after faw a mountain, whofe
figure was like that of a cane, which they denominated
T*f Sugar-loaf, and in the courfc of this day, they
came to a convenient bay and port, into which there
fell a remarkable cafcade ; which were therefore dif-
tinguifhed by the appellation of Thi Bay and Port of
thi Ca/carlf. They found gootl anchorage there, and
it is defcribed as a place very proper for wooding and
watering veflels. The water-fall is formed by the
ftream of a fmall river, that meanders between a num-

• The fnow was ilmoft i.o»uliiu»l, tlinugh it was Midfuin-
mer, and ilic day in thcfe parts was then ciglrtecn hours long.
i Bcauiiful Bay.

bcr c( lofty hills i and it dtfcends from the fide of a
rock ubuvc forty yards perpendicular. I'he French
cuniinandcr went to the top of the cafcade, and from
thence took a view of the adjacnt country. He fiiys
that there are linall plains, in I'ume p;>rts of which pro-
duce a fort of fpungy mofs, but in others the ground
is covered with tliitkcts. As to the trees and plants
they appeared to be the fame as thole of the Patatjo-
nian coafts ; and the country in general has much the
:(pi>carance nt Falkl.md's Ijlands. He defcribes all
that part of Terra del Fucgo, from thefpot where he
then w.is, to that which lay oppufiie Eliz:ibi'tli
illand, in general covered with (now. No trncc; of
inhabitants were found here, the reafon of which was
fuppofed to be the natives being no where able to ob-
tain the neccllaries of life, except upon the fea-
coalh.

The French remained at Port Ciifcadc during the
night of the 2gth, which was rendered highly difa-
grecable by incelliint rain, and intenfe cold ; and on
the morning of the following dny they croflld the
ftrcight withaboilterous wind, and a rough fea, which
made the navigation dangerous to final! veflels. The
rain kept pouring down almoft the whole of this dav,
which wascmployc-d in viewing the co.ift, and making
fuch remarks as may be ufeful to future navigators.
Our voyagers had now a very narrow ticape witli
their lives, the boat having been nearly ov.rfet in
eroding a bay, owing to a miftake of the fteerfman
in the management of the helm ; at length, however,
they got fate on board the Buudeuf , and as the com-
manding officer, during M. Bougainville's ablence,
had fhippcd every thing that was nectfliry, prepara-
tions were immediately made for failing. They de-
parted from Bougainville Bay in the afternoon of the
j 1 ft of December, 1767, and in the evening came
to an anchor in the road of Port Gallant, which is
fituated at the bottom of Fortcfcue Bay, were detained
no lefs than three weeks by fuch bad weather, as the
inhabitants of thefc milder climes cannot form an
adequate idea of. On the firft of January, 1768,
M. Bougainville dil'pntchcd u party in a bo:it, to make
remarks on the coalt, as far as Elizabeth Bay, and
to take a view of the numerous illands, with which
this part of the ftrcights of Maghtllan abounds.
Two of thcfe iflandt, to which Sir Jol.n Narborougli
formerly gave the name of Charles and Monmouth,
werediftinctly fi-en from the place where the fljips lay
at anchor ; but thofe which he had dcnominatcid the
Royal Ifles, and Rupert Ifland, were at too great a
diftance to be viewed from M. Bougainville's prefcnt
ftation. Notwithftanding the fevcrity of the weather,
and the almoft inceflant rains, the crew which had
been fent out, landed on different places, at one of
which it was evident that fome Englifti fliips had
lately touched ; for on feveral trees they faw initial
letters, and even whole names cut in the wood} they
alfo faw many Ipice laurel trees, the bark of which
had been lately taken off, with other plain indica-
tions who they were that had vifited the fpot, but
what put the matter beyond all doubt, were the words
" Chatham, March, 1 766," which were very legible
on apiece of wood, of that kind which is frequently
affixed to oicces of cloth in the royal marine ware-
houfesof Great Britain. The aftronomer, M. Ver-
ron, in the mean time had his aftronomical inftru-
ments conveyed to a pcninfula, by which the harbour
is formed, in order to make obfervaiions for afcertain-
ing the bearing and diftances of particular capes ; but
the rcfultof his obfcrvations would afford neither in-
flruiflion nor entertainment to our readers.

The weather was fo cxquifitcly fcverc on the 4th
and 5th of January, that no pen can defcribe it, nor
any imagination conceive an idea of it. A violent
ftorm of wind was attended with inceiTant rain or
fnow, and the kecneft biting coldnefs in the air. M.
Bougainville informs us that during this fcvere wea-
ther he fent out a boat to fearch for a convenient an-
choring place on the coaft of Terra del Fuego, and
an excellenC one was found to fouth-weft of Charles

ia4

irtS

34$

t tit VOYAGE O r

liitd Monmouth Iflands. On the 6th the weather
was more moderate than it had been for Come days
part. In the morning of this day four fmall boats,
with Indians on board them, were obferved at the
point of Cape Gallant, one of which advanced to-
wards M. Bougainville's fliip, while the reft rowed
towards the bottom of the bay- In the boat which
approached the Boudeufe, were a man, his wife and
two children, the former of whom went on board,
without the Icift apparent fign of fear, leaving the
woman and children in the boat. Soon after this
man had gone on hoard two Indians from the other
boats followed his example, bringing their children
with them. Thcfe people fcemcd not to exprefs the
kaft furprife cither at the ftruiflurc of the Ihip, or at
any thing they faw on board her.

The commodore prevailed on them to dance and
fmg, and alfo treated them with a kind of concert of
mufic. He likewife gave them bread, and difi'erent
kinds of meat, all of which they devoured with avi-
dity, fceming equally pleafed with every thing that
was given them, and with every occurrence that paf-
fed i nor could they be pcrfuaded to quit the fliip till
fevcral pieces of fait meat had been put into the boats.
He fays they arc clothed with leal (kins, which are by
far too fmall to cover the whole of the body ; and with
thefe fkins they make the f.iils of their boats and the
covering of their huts. They are likewife pofllfled
of a few of the (Icins of the guanacoc, but our aulhoi
does not mention to what ule they a]>ply them ( tho'
it ftiould feem prob.iblc that they form a part of their
clothing. M. Bougainville dcfcribes thcfe Indians
as thin, (hort, and ugly; and that a moft oftcnfive
fmell is the confequencc of keeping them company.
The women are ftill more difagreeablc than the men,
who do not appear by any means fond of them. It is
the duty of the females to fteer the boats, and to re-
pair any damage that may ha|>pen to them ; and they
are often obliged to fwim after them through the fea-
weeds J nor are even women who have fucking chil-
dren cxcufcd this duty j but the child is carried on the
mother's back, eiiclofed in the Ical-fkin that forms
her drcfs. When the women are on fliore, their bufi-
nefs is to collect (hells and wood ; nor do the men
even (hare with them in tliis employment.

The bor.ts are conftruiflcd of the bark of trees,
fattened together with ru(hcs, and the feams are caulk-
ed with niofs. A fire is conftantly kept in the mid-
dle of the boat, on a heap of fjncf, vhich is placed
to prevent the turning of the vcflil. Their arms con-
fift of bow? and arrows formeil of the branches of the
baiberry-btifli, which grows plentifully in thcfe parrs.
The arrows are |>ointed wiih (h.irp Hones, and the
ftring of the bow is made of the gut of fnme animal j
but they ufe not thcfe wea]><ins againll an enemy j
they are dcfigncd only for the dLllrnction of birds or
Other animals proper for the iLipport of life.

M. Bougainville fays that thele In<!; uis ufe a kind
of harpoon, for the purpnie of (trikin, (h, which is
made of bones, it is about twelve inilies in length,
pointed at the end, and indentid on o!i'- of its fide«.
The principal fublittanrc of thole people ift fi(h ; but
it is fuppoli'.l that fliey fometimes catch game, as they
have tloL'S of the fportin'j kind, and fprings or noofe>,
adapted for the fnaring of quadrupeds. The teeth of
all the natives are very bad, which our author attri-
bute? to the r.itinj of fifli when boiling hot ; though
they ilu not h.ilf ooil it before it is fo eaten. They
live in huts which have no partition of rooms, in the
mid. lie of which a fire is lighted, that lerves the whole
family. The difpofition of thefe people is of the
arr.i;ible kind ; but their extreme good nature borders
on wcaknef* ; they believe in tvil genii, and have
pricfts and pliyficians, whom thcv fiip]infc capable of
dcprtcat'n; th" venecance of thclL- invifible enemies.
M. Iioui;.iinville obferves, that the Pichna-s have the
fewef? conveniences of life of any people he has ever
kno«n, yd tliey do not repine, but appear to be con-
tented with tlicirfimple fituation j although they live in
the moft inclement climate hitherto difcovcrcd in that
7

habitable part of the globe.—— BefiJcs the other
peculiarities of their fate, they .ire fewer in nun.btr
than any other kno*n race of men ; yet this little^
iocietyj cut olVas it is from all intercom fe with tlie
reft of mankind, is not totally free from the vice*
common to larger ttites, as a contcft for dominion
exifts even among them, and the more )X)werlul are
perpetually labouring to diftrcfs the weaker.

'i"hc inclemency of the weather, during the yth and
8th ot the month, was fuch, that the crews of the
(hips could not venture on (hore ; and though it wrs
even no* the fuinmer time, the adjacent country wm
covered with fnow, which alfo lay on the (hip to the
depth of fevcral inches. On the 9th the Indians wlia
had previoufly painted their bodies with red aii<i white
(freaks, advanced towards the (hips, but feeing the bo.as
go off towards their habitations, all •( th'.m, except
one followed the (liips boats, and lh.it went on board
the Etdlle, where (he remained but a little while, and
then followed the others.- The crews of the boats
having landed, went to the huts of the Ir.di.'ini:, who
fcemen by no means to rellfh this uii«xpc<51ed vifit,
which was particularly evinced by the women having
all retreated to one hut, the men invited the French
failors into thofc huts where the womi-n were not to
be found, and the Frenchmen having accepted the
invitation, were treated with (holl-fi(h, which tlie In-
dians fucked before they delivered them to their vifitors.
The behaviour ol tlie natives was livily, and they
entcrtai'ied their guefts with d.incing and finginj ;
they revelled with uncontroukd deliiihr, when, tiicir
mirth wa.s inteiruptcd by an uiwxpet^tctl accident ;
a boy, who was the fen of one of the Indians,
was fuddcniy fiircd w ith a difordcr which orciit'ioncd
the moft violent convuliicni-, and fpa.in^ c; blood.
This child had been on board tlii. Jitoile, uheie the
fe;im'^n had prclVnted him wiih fonje piece? of glaf',
and as thete Indians arc accul^omed 10 put things
of this kind up their nollnls, and into theif
throats, it was fuppufcd this youth had laki n the fame
meafure, and that the faial cfiVcls wliicii (ollowcd
were the confequencc of his having fwallowed the
glafs. It is here proper to remark, tiiat th- lec'.t (it
confidcr the fwallowmg of fubftances whitn refmble
glafi^, as a preventive rtniedy againft ctitain diforders
to which they are liable. The lip-^, paUic, and gums
of the boy where cut : and as he bled freely, the In-
dians conceived an idea that the Frcnclmicn h.id vio-
lated the rights of hofpitaliiy, and injured him, whom,
by all the laws of honour, they were bound to treat
with civility. This circunilbiice gave rile to ajca-
louTy and diftrud no way favourable to their European
villtori:, whom thiy could not look on in a favourable
light, while they thoguht they had cauled the thild's
illncfs. A linen jacket having been given to this child
by the French, lie was (hipt of it, and it was thrown at
their feet, but it was inftantly feizcd by an Indian, who
did not feem to dread the powers of inchantmcnt.
'l"hc child being laid on his back, a conjurer knelt
li( tween his legs, and prefTing the body forcibly with
Ins hand and head, utterred a number of inarticulate
vociferations. At repeated intervals, during this cere-
mony, he arofe and opening his hands, which had
been before grafped, he blew in the air with his mouth,
as if defirous of driving away fcme evil geiiius.
While tliisbufinefs was tranfii3;ng, an ancient woman
bawled in the ears of the child fo as to deafen him with
her noitf, and indeed the remedy fccmed to be, in the
literal phrafc, worlo than the dileafe. The conjurer
having retired for fomc time, returned in a newdrffs,
and, with an air of triumph, renewed hi» incantations,
but with no better (uccefs than be/ore. His hair had
been powilered, and his head was diftinguiftlrd by
two wings fimilar to thofc with which Mercury it
reprcfented by the painters. The life of the child nowr
appearing to be even in more danger than before, the
French captain haftily bnptifid him, unobfcrveil by
the Indians. Some-officers h.iving repaired on board
the (hip and acquainted the commodore with what w a»
tranfaifling, he went on (hore with th. iurgcun, who

took

M. BOUGAINVILLE.

took fome gnicl and milk with him, and when they
came to the fpot, they found tliat the .iiiH;;lt-r
was aflifted by another pcrfon habited like hiiiili^lf,
and that the patient had fuffcrcd much from their
qbfurd attempts to relieve him, yet were tliefr attempts
continued, without any complaint on the .lan of the
poor boy. The aft'edlion of tlie parents, ,ind i idced,
of the whole company of Indian", was m.nifi ted by
floods of tears, and by many other cxprcflions ..i grief ;
and when it was obferved, that the Krenchmen fcemed
to fliarc in their misfortune, they appeared to be lefs
diffident of the conduit of the ifrangcrs, and at length
they permitted the furgeon to examine the mouth of
the fick youth, which being bloody, had been re-
pe.itedly mckcd by his father and another man. After
fome time the father accepted the gruel, and permitted
his fon to drink fome milk, hut not till the French
gentleman had repeatedly tafted it in his prefencc.
The conjurers appeared to be jealous of the furgeon,
but they could not help confeffing the fuperiority of
his abilities. It was remarked, that while one of thcjfe
Indian phyficians was endeavouring to drive away the
diforder, the other was bufily employed in deprecat-
ing that vengeance v. hich they fuppoled the vilit of the
ftrangers hacT occafioned. In the evening the child
appeared to be in lefs pain ; but, from many circum
ftances, it was ftill evident, he had fwallowcd fome
pieces of glafs. M. Bougainville and the furgeon now
went on board, and it is conjedlurcd, that the boy died
about two o'clock the next morning ; for foon after
that time loud cries were heard, and af day-break
the Indians departed from a place which had been
fo peculiarly fatal to them ; for the lofs of even one
member of fo fmall a community, could not but be
an objeft of great and public concern. On the 13th
and 14th the weather was fo bad that it was impolTible
to think of failing;, and on the 15th the vcficls were
detained by a ftrong contrary wind ; but on the fol-
lowing day they failed, with a favourable brcc7.c,
which, however, foon Ihlfted, and prevented their
reaching Ru port Ifland, ofFwhrch it was M. Bou-

fainville's intention to have anchored. After a whole
ay of fatigue and danger, they returned to Port
CJalant, and anchored a^aiu near their former
ftation.

On the 1 7th the ftorms were more violent than they
had ever yet been, the fca ran to a mountainous height,
and the wind blew in fuch contrary directions, that
the (ippriting waves dcftroyed e.^'c'; other. The ftorm
having in fome degree fubfidcd before noon, a loud
peal of thunder was prefently heard, after which the
winds blew with increafing violence. The an-
chors of the fhips having dragijtd, the tn"-mafts and
lower yards were ftruck, to avoid the dreadful con-
i'cquenccs of the ftorm. .^t this time, however, the
Ihrubs and plants were in hloom, and the trees were
covered with a luxuriance of verdure.

Ontheaill and the following days the weather
was extremely windy, while it rained and fnowed in-
cefVantly. The night of the 21 ft indeed w.is mode-
rately calm ; but this calm fervedonly as the preliulc
to a ftnrni, which dcfcended with aggravated fury;
fuch a (li>rin as the oldert f.iilor on board had never
remembered, but its coiitiiuiancc was by no means
proportioned to its violence. On the 24th the weather
bring fine and fcrene, preparations were made for
failing, and on tho following day the anchors were
wcii;hed, -.iiid the velUls got under way. Having ar-
rived at C!:ipc (^lod, the commodore thus dvlcribes
it: Its fiL;ure, he fay<, is verv finguhir, confiOing of
craggy rocks, the moil elevated of which bear a rtrong
rel'enihlaner to the ruins of ancient buililing. Frorn
Bay (iilat't to t'i-: C.ip'-, the verdant appearance of
tlif trocs t.iVjsott', in fome degree, that horror which
would oiherwifc arif;: iiv the mind from the conflant
fi;;ht ot the fiimmit; of mount.iins which ate always
frozen. After p illiiv; C.ipe Qiiod, the f.icc of the
country was lot-llv changed, both lides of the freights
cvhihiling a pro(';va of roek';, wliiili are uncovered
t\.n with C-.i- (tii'hi.ll layer ot earth. The tops of
Vi,i.. J. N 22.

thefc rocks arc cloathcd with external fnow, while 1767

the valleys between tliem are choaked up with pro- >■ — . — '
digious quantities of iee, which have the apjicaranca
ot" having been congealed for a long feries of years.
So dreadful is the appearance of tins part of the
(freight, that Sir John Narhorough gave it the n.inic
of Dejc/alion ; and in i\\ii it is defolate and dreary be-
yond all defcription.

When M. Bougainville's fliip was oppofitc Cape
Qiiod, the coaH of Terra del Fuego, at the diftancc
ot fortv miles appeared as is terminated by a projecting
cape. There arc three capes on the continent which .^
our adventurers called Eioilc Cape, Ucudcuft Cape, ^^wWuil^'^'
Split Cape, the laft of which is fo denominated from ^_"^^^^''^
its figure. The ftreight which in this part is about t-pii; c.ipr.
fix miles wide, received the name of Ling Reach. As 1." j Ke;,i!i.
the cveningof 26th was very fine, M. Bougainville de-
termined to continue his way under an eafy fail ; about
two hours before iniduight a thick fog cimc on, the
wind arofe, and the rain poured dewn in torrents,
while it became fo excclhve dark that no land could
be feen. The fituation of the fhips was now fupjiofcd
to be oppofitc Cape Monday, and the night was fpent
in Handing otV and on fhore, in momentary expec-
tation of lomc fatal accident. The land being feen
at day-break, they hoifted additional fails and pro-
ceeded with rapidity, till they reached Cape Pillar,
when they had light of the main ocean, into which
they arrived under a full fail, on the evening of the
fame day ; having by the advantage of thirty-fix
hours fair wind, (ailed from Port Galant into the
great South Sea, without once coming to anchor.
M. Bougainville was (even weeks and three days in
pa(ring the ftreights of Maghellan, the whole h iigth
of which from Cape Virgin Mary to Cape Pillar,
he computes at about 340 miles. Though the
parting the ftreights is a work of fome diihculty
and danger, our author recommends it as more fafe
than the doubling of Cape Horn, if undertaken be-
tween the months of September and A,jiil ; but
during the red of the year he advifes the pafiing
throU!;h the open fca, and he obfcrves that the lo(t
time in failing through the Maghcllanic Streights
is amply repaired by the conveniences of taking in
wood and water, and the chance there is of the feurvy
making lefs havock among a crew when they have
repeated opportunities of landing. Hi- adds, that
when he left the ftreights lie had not a lin^Ic invalid
on board eitheir of his vedels.

The commodore now failed nearly a wc{terlv courfe,
having prcvioufly agreed with the captain of the Kloile
that he (hould keep company w Ith the BouJeiife dur-
ing the nights, and in the morning of each day (hould
fail as far as he could to the foiithuard, without lofin"-
fight of the other vcfl'el, in order that the fliips mi^ht
command as extcnfive a profpedt as pollible tiy which
means it was hoped that fome new difcovcries might
be made.

On the 30th of Januar)', while the fea ran very
high, one of the crew of the lioudeufe fell overboard,
and was drowned, notwitlidanding every endeavour
to prefervc his life. — From this time till the 17111 of
February, M. Bougainville failed in fcarch ot what
is called Davis's Land, which was diicovercd by om
countryman of that name, in 1686, and he fays,
that following the direiflions laid down in M. de
Bellin's rliart, he mud have failed over this land.—
On the 1 7th, (ea gulls were feen, and as thefe birds do
not go above eighty leagues from land, it was refolved
not to alter the courfe of the fliips for three days ;
but within this period no land was dlfcovercd. The
wcftcrly wind, with a (light variation to the north
and foiitli, prevailed from the 23d of February to the
^d of March, during which time they had rain and
thunder every day, immediately before or foon after
the fun had reached the meridian. This variation of
the wind, from what is commonly called the trade
wind, is mentioned by M. Bougainville as an extra-
ordinary circumltance. — Soon after the fhips hi.d got
clear of the ftreights of Maghellan, an epidcmieal
T 1 1 fore

THE VOYAC;t OK

!.,>

Ila:p IP..

fore thront uttacked almoft every man on board, which
■' wjj I'liRi) br putting vinejar and red hot bullets into
tlif w.iitr-c;i(ks, ib that bv the end of March, the
iivw w.Tc recuvcrctl. Kor fcveial davs alter tliis (lo-
riod, Inch a quantity of bonctlas, ajid other tilh was
tij^hr, as atKorded one meal daily to every man on
board. On the 2ilt a runny fifli was taken, in the
b llv r>f «liich were a number of hnall tilh. Inch
kinds as are known not to (\vim far out to fea, whence
it uas concluded, that land could not be at any great
dillancc, and on the following day this conjecture a|i-
pcared to be well founded, for four vcrv I'mall iflands
Wert then difcovered, to whicli M. Ijous^ainviilegave
tile name of La quali / Fucurdins ; but as thele were too
nuich to the windward of the (hips, they held on
their wav, (leering for another ifland, which was al-
nioll rlv^ht a-head.

As the vehi..' advanced towards this latter ifland, it
was obferved, that it abounded with cocoa-nut trees,
the fruit of which had a very temptinjr appearance.
l"hefe trees grew on plats of grafs, flrewed with an
abundance of beautiful flowers ; and tlie reft of the
illand was cloathed with trees of \'aiious kinds. Iin-
menfe numbers of birds were (i:i:n on the coal}, which
was therefore fuppofcd to afford a plenty of hlh, hut
the (ea running high, and no harbour being diieovefed,
ill which the voyagers might.hope for protecHon trum
the fury of its waves, they were prevented from land-
ing, when they had coalled the ifland for about two
nllle^, they h.ad fight of three men, who advanced
hallily towards the ftiore. M. Boup;ainville at lirlt
imagined that thefe people were part of the crew of
Ibnie European fliip, which had been wrecked on the
coalf, and imprelRd with this idea, he gave the ne-
ccfiary orders for aflbrding them the wifhed for relief:
but he loon difcovered that his conjeclure was ill-
founded, for the people retired to the woods, from
whence, in a (hort time, illued a number of them,
Itippofcd to be near twenty, with long Haves in their
hands, which ihcy held up with an air of thrcatcn-
inu and defiance. This being done, they retreated to
the woods, in which, by the help of glalles, theii ha-
bitations were plainly feen. 'rhcfe iflanders were
very tall, and of a copper complexion.* ])uringthe
night betw.i:i the 22d and 23d, they had much rain,
aecompanii 1 with violent tluindcr, while the wind

blew almolf a tcmpclK At the dawn of day

land was difcovered, which appeared ti be a regular
level, fulTicientlv cloathed with verd' e. Kreakers
beini; obferved on thecoaft, the lh'p> it.iud out to fea,
fill the we.uher becoming more calm, they might ap-
proach thrlhore with greater fallty, whieli happened
before n'>o;i J thev tli.ii coalUd the illand, which is
ihaped lifce a horfe-llioe, and its iiifide is filled by the
fea. Soniepartsof this ifland produce cocoa-nut and
olhertrces whlcli atfbrd a very agreeable (hade, but
the ureaier part of it is only a f..nd, on w hich grows
no kind of \erdurc.— — Many Indhins were ob-
ferved in boats, Ibmc of tir.ni rowing, and nihers
failing, on the lake, formed by thelhap-.of the ifland.
Thefe people w-.re all naked, and in the evening,
larse numbers of them were feen on the fh')re,vvitli
pikes in iheir hands, like thofe with v.Iiich the inha-
bitants of the llle of l.ancc-bearcrs were armed. —
Night ailvaiic.'d bc.'bre any proper place was found
fill" the (hip's boats to land, nor were they more fuc-
cefsful in their relearches in the morning, wherefore
thev lield on th?ir courl".-, M. iJougainville having
called the place Ihiip Ijlo-d , the inhabitants of which
had the appearance of being tall, and genteelly made.
In the evening of the day on which Harp Ifland was
dileovcrcil, th'.v had fight of other land, at thedif-
taiice of lometliing nuie than twenty miles, which

' -ll,.:!'

cli Mi\.i;

cr fitnis toiliinl. it a f'lrt of mv llcry li",v

' J 111: i* iciii-ii \ ii\ .1^1.1 i^^ii" J ." • "• ■■■; .•

till, fiilitari. ilUr.il was linl peopleil 1 liowcvcr, m- timl he had
(ten fpurotl'crs alxmt the inliabiiinE <if uhicli till fimcduulits
niitlii liaic iiiii -n, i-nd l'«ii<: o"!^ a'lcrwards lie dilcorircd «
|j--iir iflaiiil, H'jni v.litiKe tlic lutivei liiii: Ijoken of iliijiiitliof-
fi'.ih have coaiv

had tlic appearance of being, what it afocrtx.ird*

was found to be, a duller of illaiids, clevui of

which W.IS fcen, and received the name of the Daiigtr- lij. -ci. -

vti //n/jiiti/aac. Our author coiijeaurts, that they Au;.i;k.:h,€.v

are more numerous, and oblerves, that it is dangerous

(ailing among them, as they arc furrounded with

(hoals and breakers, through which a vefl'el ought to

rteer with peculiar care. 'I'hc (hips now (tood 10 the

louth, and by the 2ijth of the month, were out of

fight of all l.'iud. f

Nothing material happened from this time till to-
wards theeiid of March, when the we.ither was boif-
terous and ftormy to a very great degree, for fevera!
days fucccflively ; and the fcurvy now began to at-
tack fevcral of the crew. 'I'o combat the ill irtects
of this dilbider, every invalid received daily a pintof
lemonade, in which was inful,.d a powder that h;u]
been frequently uli-'d with fuccefs during the voyage.
About this time they were much in want of friili wa-
ter, which was procured by the Jiltillation of fea-
water, according to a procels invented by M. I'oilTo-
nier ; and the water thus procured was ufed in boil-
ing meat and making broth. 'I'hc bread was kneaduj
with falt-water. — A llecp mountain, which appearcJ
to be encompalVed by the fea, was difcovered on the
(econd of April, and received the name of the &«</«>, nouii«u(e
or Bouiltiifc fcii, from that of M. Bougainville's \'ai„
(hip. IJeariiig to the northward of this peak, they
had fight of land, which extended farther than the
eye could reach. By iliis time it was become
necellary for the (liip to put in at fome port, where
they might obtain rtfrcfliRients, and take in a fupply
of wood. For the greater part of this day the wea-
ther was wholly calm ; in the evening a breeae

fprangup, which conveyed the (hips near the newly
difcovered land ; but it was thought prudent to (land
off .ind on, for the night. In the morning they had
fight of more land to the northward, but were not
able todiliinguifli whether it was another ifland, ura
part of that which they had before fcen. In the night
between the 3d and 4th of the month, fires were ob-
ferved on ("everal places, from whence it was conjec-
tured that the country abounded with inhabitants.
Jiift before fun-rifing on the 4th, it was difcoitred
that the two lands, which had been fuppoled to be
feparatc iflands, were connedled with a flat country,
bending like a bow, and forming a fine bay. While
the fhips were (tanJing in towards the land, a boat
was li en coming from the ofHng, which (bon after
eroded a-head of the (hip, and joined a number of
ither boats, that had afiembled from various parts
of the illand. This aflcniblage of boats was preceded
by one which was roued by twelve Indians, quite
naked, who advanced towards the fide of the (hip,
and held up the boughs of the banana-tree. Con-
fidering this as a token of friendfliip, the French
in their turn, endeavoured to exprefs a reciprocal re-
gard. This being done, the natives rowed along-
fide the Boudeufe, .and a rope being lowered into the
boat, one of them affixed to it a branch of the banana
tree, a quantity of the fruit of that tree, and a fmall
pig. This prefent was accepted, and, in return for
it, M. Ilougainville gave them fome handkerchiefs
and caps; and thus a friendly intercourfe was cftab-
liflied with thefe people. In a (hort time, upvVards
of a hundred boats furrounded the French (hips :
the former were laden with bananas, cocoa-nuts, and
various other kinds oi fruit, highly acceptable to the
French, who gave them a number of toys, which
proved equally acceptable to the Indians. — In order to
carry on this traffic, the voyagers held up Inch arti-
cles as they meant to give for the fruit, and when the
natives were latisfied with the quantity which was of-
fered

t The duller of illandi above mcminned weic firll ilifcnvereit
by Qiiiim, in tlic year idob, «iid aj;ain vilited by Ko|^>
wcin, in the yuat 1711, who {javc tliciu the nanii: uf ilic Lailiy-
rinih. ....... ii

I ^,1 I .;i..-, . : ' I "" ■'. ■' '*v ,1-".

M. BOUGAINVILLE.

151

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ftrecl, it was let down by the fliip's fide in a net or
balket, and the Indians having taken it out, returned
their commodities by the liimeconveyanpc ) but fome-
timcs the bafkct was lowered when empty, and the
natives put their cft'edts into it before they had received
the European goods, witliout lecming to harbour the
lead didrullor jealoul'y of thofe with whom they dealt,
thereby giving the belt proof of the integrity of their
own hearts. When the evening advanced, the (hips
ftood out farther from the coalt, and the natives rowed
back to the fhore. During the night a number of
fires were feen on the ifland, at fmalland nearly equal
diftanccs from each other, which the French imagin-
ing to be illuminations in honour of themfelves, a
number of fky-rockets were fired from botii the (hips,
to return the compliment. On the morning of the
5th, the boats were fent in fearch of an anchoring-
place, while the day was (pent in plying to the wind-
ward of the ifland. The dcfcription which M. Bou-
gainville gives of the appearance of this place, as feen
Irom the (hip, is very beautiful. " The mountains,
thoui^h of great height, arc every where cloathcd with
the finell verdure, even to the extreme points of tlieir
mod lofty fummits, one peak in particular, runs up to
an enormous licight, tapering gradually as it rifes j yet
it was every where cloatheu with the moll: beautiful
foli.igc, forming the appearance of a pyramid, adorned
with garlands, and well carved. The lower land
confifls of an intermixture of woods and meadows,
while the coaft is a level ground, flieltcred by the
mountains, and abounding in cocoa-nut and other
trees, beneath the (hade of which are fituated the
houfes of the inhabitants."— >As M. Bougainville
coafted the ifland he was charmed with the appearance
of a noble cafcade, which falling immediately from the
fummit of a mountain into the fea, produced a nioft
elegant cftecl. On the (hore, very near to the fall of
this cafcade, was a little town, and the coaib appeared
to be free from breakers. It was the wi(h of tlic ad-
venturers to have call their anchor within view of
fuch an enchanting profpeif j but after repeated
foundings, they found that the bottom confifted only
of rocks J and they were therefore under a neccflity o*"
fceking another anchoring place. Soon after the
dawn of the day, the natives rowed along-fule the
fhips, and brought with them fowls, pigeons,
fhells, and other things which they bartered for ear-
rings, and pieces of iron. Both parties dealt with
the fame eafe and mutual conhdencc as they had done
on the preceding day ; and among the number of vi-
fitors were fevcral women, «holc; cloaths b.'.rely fuf-
ficed to hide their charms, which could nut fail of at-
tradting the eyes of the fcamcn. One of the Indians
(Icptall night on board the Etoilc, and feemed not to
entertain any fear. The (hips plied to windward du-
ring the night, and by the morning of the 6th they
had nearly reached it,smolt northern extremity, when
they difcovcred another ifle ; but as the pafl'agc be-
tween the two iflands appeared to be rendered danger-
ous by a number of breakers, M. Bougainville came
to a refolution of returning to the bay which they had
feen when thi-y firft difcovcred land, where he hoped to
(ind a convenient anchoring-place, and where after
dift'ercnt foundings, the (hips were at length fafcly
moored. The natives now put oft" in their boats and
I'urroundcd the (hips in greater numbers than they had
yet dcmc, exhibiting many tokens of regard, and per-
iwtually crying out Tiiya, which was aftcrw.irds
found, (as we havcobfervcd) to fr^nify Friend. The
(grangers were much pleafcd with fome niils and toys
which the ofHcers and failors gave them. Thefe boats
were crowded wilh women, wliol'e beauty of face was
at leaft equal to tliat of the ladies of Europe, and
their fymmetry of body much fuptrior. Alnioll all of
them were naked, the old men and women having ta-
ken previous care to dived them of thofc coverings
which might othcrwile have prevented their charms
from taking tlic wiMud-for ctlei'l. ' -

Thefe lovely lafles eyed the failors with looks the
moft emphatic-ally cxprertivi-, yet with a degree of

timidity, which is at once the chara(51erillic and tho
ornament of the fex. h was nut hmvi ver nicell'ii y
that thefe females (liould give any pl.;in indications of
their meaning : the Indian nun favcil thuni tliis trou-
ble, intimating that the favours of the l;uli.-s might
be purchaled upon cafy tirnis : they even urged citli
of the feaincn refpettivelv to make choice of a girl
with whom he would chuieto retire to the (liore ; and
their geftures appeared ni ' lefs extravagant than ihofe
of the fame people as recited in the account of Cap-
tain Cook's voyiige. M. Bougainville and his officers
did all in their power to preferve order and decorum,
and to prevent any of thefe tempting creatures from
coming into the (nip; but their eHurts were unfuc-
cefslul : — one of them, notwithftanding every precau-
tion got on board, and took her feat on the quarter-
deck, near the hatch-way, which was open to give air
to fome of the crew, wliile others were working at th«
caprtern. She had fcarcely featcd herfelf whtnlhekt
fall a cloth that covered her, with an air of negligence,
and both leamen and marines now eagerly crowded td
the hatch-way j and the capliern w as worked witli
great chcarfulnefs and expedition. After (()me time
the officers fuccceded in bringing the crew into lomo
kind of order, though as M. Bougainville confefll?,
they found it equally difficult to reltrain tlie force of
their own paffions. The commodore's cook, having
eluded the vigilance of the officers, got from the fliip,
ami having fcleiSed a midrcfs from one of the boats,
wenton fliore with her J wherehehad nolboner airived
than the natives crowded about him, and pulled oft'
all his cloaths. They now examined with curious
attention every part of his body, while he ftood tremb-
ling under their hands, in continual apprchenfion of
being murdered, or otherwife abufed ; but his fears
were ill founded ; for they had no fooner finilhed the
examination than they g.avc him back his cloaths, put
into his pockets fevcral things which they had taken
out of them, and then introduced his girl to him,
urging him to gratify thofe paffions which h.id im-
pelled him to come on (hore ; but his fears had de-
ilroycd all ideas of love, nor could even the beau-
ty of his miilrcfs recal them : the natives were
oblige<l to take him back to the (hip, where he told
M. Bougainville, that he hail nothing to fear from
his anger, for he had lately fullered fuch cxquifitc
mifery, that all other punifhment would be light in
comparifon of it. The commander and fome of his
officers now went on (hore to take a view of the water-
ing-place, and were no fooner landed than the na-
tives flocked round them in prodigious numbers, re-
garding them with looks of inexpreffiblc curiofity;
fome of them, bolder than the reft, came and touched
the French, and put alide their cloaths, toiiiid if they
were formed like themfelves. The iflanders, who
wore no kind of arms, teftified great pleafure at this
vifit of our voyagers. A perfon, who appeared to be
the principal man among the Indians, took M. Bou-
gainville's party to his houfe, where they found an
old man, the father of the chief, and fcveral women.
Thefe laft paid their compliments to the ftrangers, by
placing their hands on their breafts, and frequently
reiieating the word Taye. The old man was a vener-
able figure, whole long white beard and hair added
dignity to his perfon, which was exceedingly graceful
and well formed. He had none of the decrepitude of
age, no wrinkles on his face,, and his body was ner-
vous and flefliy. The behaviour of this man was
wholly dlfterent from that of all the reft of his coun-
trymen J for he cxprelVed no fign of admiration or cu-
riofity, and left the room without returning the com-
pliments of his vifitors, and with an air that teftified
his uneafinels at their arrival. M. Bougainville
even imagines, that he feared a new race of men were
coming to fettle on the ifland, and might difturb that
happy repofc in which its inhabitants had hitherto
lived. The houfe of the chief was about twenty feet
in width, and eight in length, and covered with
thatch, from which hung a cylinder, above a yard
long, formed of the twigs of the ozier, and adorned

witli

< — „-!

iSi

THE VOYAGE OP

with feather*. Two wooden figures were obfervcd,
which M. Bmigainviilc thought were idols, ami that
one of thciii was the god of the natives. The figure
which our author took for the god, was fixed up-
right againft one of the pillars of the houfe, and over-
agninlt it ftood the other, which he ealls the goddcfs,
Ic.Aiiing againll and fallcneJ to the reeds which form
the walls of the houfe. Thefc figures flood on pedcf-
tals of hard black wood, about two yards high, one
yard in circumference, (hapetl like a tower hollowed
out, and carved. The chief having defired his guelh
to leat tlicmfelves on a graft-plat in the front of his
houfe, he prefcnted iheni with a collation, confid-
ing of broiled fifh, water, and fruit. While they
were regaling themfelves, he prixiuced two collars,
feriiicd of ozicr, and adorned with (harks teeth, and
black feathers. 'J'hefe collars, which refembU-d the
prodigious large rufts worn by the Trench in the reign
of Francis the Firlf, were put on the necks of M.
Bougainville, and a gentleman of his paitv. The
chief having likewife prefentcd our author with fome
pieces of cloth, the French were about to take tlicir
leave of this liJlpitable Indian, wlu-n one of th'ni
found that his pocket had been picked nf his pillol ;
on which a complaint was made to the chiet, who
immediately reprimanilecl feveral of his houlhuld, and
would have fcarched them all, but this the commodore
would not permit, contenting himfelf with inti-
mating to the chief, that tlie weapon which had been
ftolen would kill the thief. — M. Bougainville w.is at-
tended to the coaft bv the chief and his family. As
the comp.iny palled along, they obfervcd an Indian,
remarkable for the fine proportion and fymmetry of his
figure, reclined at the foot of a tree, wiio prevailed on
the French to fit down by him, and lung them an
cxctll'.'iit fi)ng, to the (li)W mufic of a Hute, which
another blew with his note, in the manner already
ckferibtd. The company now proceeded to their
boats, in which a few of the Indians embarked, and
went to fpcnd the evening and fleep on board. The
idanders j'eemed to be under no kind of rcftraint, but
to have the fullell confidence in the hofpitality of the
French, who treated them in a very elegant manner,
and concliul \i the evening with a band of niufic, and
a difplay ot lire-works ; at which, however, the In-
dian', fecmcd more terrified than delighted. 7"he
chief went on board \I. Bougainvclle's fliip the follow-
ing day, and took with him a prelent of fome foAls
ami a hog : he likewife gave a full proof of the inte-
grity of liis hcirt, by returning the ftolen pillol. The
name of this chief was Enti : he remained on board
fcvtral hours, and then went on fliorc with M. Bou-
gainville, who bv this time had made the neccfTary
pi;|)arations for landing the fick, and filling the water
calks.

As foon as the boats crew had landed, the commodore
fixed on a fpot on the borders of a rivulet, where he
gave orders for the forming of a camp, for the pro-
toe'tion as well of the fiek men anil their attendants,
as the waterers and others, whrfe bufincfs might call
them on fhore. For fome time Ereti beheld the ma-
rines under aims, and rr,arded the preparations which
Wfre making to form the camp, without any apparent
uncnfiiiefs, and thin took his leave. In a few hours,
hruvc\er, he returned, bringing with him his father
and fome others of the moll eminent men on that
part iif the idiind, who remonfl rat' d with M. Bou-
pai u 'Me on thr Impropriety and iniuliice of his takinp
poll" I]"l in of tlieir country, at the lame timeintimat-
ini; that they were welcome to remaiit theie <luring
the iliv, for anv period of tiine he might think pro-
per, hilt inlilling that the party fliould return on
toa;d every iii;.ht. The commodore, on the contrary,
as p'Tcmptorily infilled tint he would form the en-
Canvimeii", and endeavoured to convhicc the natives
how n'.l^ll.uv it was that he (hnuld do fo in order
to procure v.'(."i and w.ster, and to hive the better
opl-'irtunity of tr idicking with the iflanders.

The Iniliniis now rctindnnd held a conference on
■the occ-l^Kjo, a: the clol'e of which Ji'rtti came to M.

Bougainville, and defired to know whctlier the Frcticll
propofed to take up their relidence on the iflaiid for
life, and if not, how long thcv intended to flay? — •
In anfwcr to this, the commodore put eighteen iinall
ftones into his hands, intimating, that he fliould re-
main there only fo nnny da)s. Hereupon a third
council was held, the r'fult of which was, th.it an
elderly man, of great aui lority, was dilpatchcd to the
commodore, and endeavoured to prevail on him t(»
depart in ninedays ; which, however, he pofitivcly
rcfufed to do, and thus the matter ended.

After this the iflanders became again cafy anil
happy. Krcti complimented jM. Bougainville with
the ufe of a large building, that had lieen ererted
on the fide of the rivulet, for the purpofe of laying
up the In<lian boats, which were inllantly rcmoveil
at the command of the chief. Under this building
tents were fet up for the accommodation of the fick,
and other tents lor various ufes. A fuflicient number
of mufquets were carried on fliore, to arm thirty ma«
riners, all the workmen, and even the invalids, in
cale of neceflity. M. Bougainville pafTcd the firfl
night on fhore, in company with Ereti, who added
his fiipper to that of the commodore'p, invited a few
feleel friends to partake of the repall, and gave orders
that a crowd of Indians, whofe curiofity had brought
them to the fpot, fhould he difperfed. He then defired
to fee fome fire-works, which he beheld with a mixture
of pleafure and aflonifhment. Late in the evening he
fcnt for one of his wives, who llcpt in the tent iiUot-
ted to the u(\: of the prince of NaU'au. [M. Bougain-
ville fays that this woman was old and ugly.]

The camp was complcated on the following day,
and the building intirely incloled, except at one en-
trance, w here a guard was coiilfantly flationcd. None
of the Indians were admitted into this building but
Ereti, and his friends of both (^xa. A crowd of peo-
ple were conflantly about the place, but they made
way for any one who had permiflion to enter, on tho
motion of a (mall flick, which a Frenchman held in
his hand. To this place the natives refortcd from all
quarters, bringing poultry, hogs, fifli, fruit, and
cloth, in exchange for which they received button!!,
beads, tools, nails, and trinkets of various kinds, on
which thev appeared to fet a high value. Thefe be-
nevolent iflanders vied with each other which fliould
oblige their vifitors moll j and when the French were
obferved colleifting fhells, and gathering plants, a
number of women and children inflantly employed
themfelves in the fame manner, bringing the fame
plants in great abundance, and variety of fine fliells.
M. Bougainville now applied to Ereti, for information
where he might cut wood, and was dircilcd to the
mountains, where the hard wood grows, the low
lands producing only a gum-tree, and fruit-trees of
various kinds. The chief even marked the trees
which were proper for cutting, and pointed out the
fide on which tl.cy fhould be felled. The iflanders
allifled them in cutting the wood, and carrying it
down to the boats, and likewife hel|->ed them to fill
water, and roll the cafks to the coafls. For thefe
fervices they received a number of nails proportioned
to theindullry they had exerted, but it was necell'ary
for the French to be conflantly on their guard, *<»
prevent their thieving the articles which were brought
on fliore, nor were even their pockets fafe from the
depredations of thefe people, who, as M. Bougain-
ville fays, are as ingenious in the art, as the pick-
pockets of Europe. Yet he fuppofes that thefe
iflanders do not rob each other, as none of their ef-
fects were kept under locks and keys, and he attri-
butes their attempts to rob Europeans to an infati.ahle
curiofity for articles which they had never before
feen. Guards were flationed, and patrolcs appointed,
to proteiSt the French property, notwithllanding
which, the iflanders found meajK to Ileal feveru
things,_.-.nd they even pelted the guards with (loncs.
Thefe pillagers hid themfelves in a inarfh behind
the camp, which was over-grown with reeds j but a
part of this marfli was cleared, by order of the coin-
7 modon:.

a
ved

;ht
the
in-

k-
hcle
cf-
iri-
jU!e
fort
ted,
line
cral
ncs.
lind
It a
im-
iorc.

M. BDUCArNVILLE.

*5.?

modore, who dirc£lcJ, th.it when any more thieves
were feen, they (hould be fired at, Eretl even hinted,
that this meafure was neccfliiry, but, pointing to his
own houle, feemed very fulicitous that M. Bougain-
ville would not fire that way. Orders were now
given for Tome of the (hips boats to anchor before
the camp, and point their feveral guns fo as to pro-
tcft it. The article of thieving excepted, every
•thcr interrourfe between the French and Indians was
carried on in the moil harmonious manner. The lea-
men made feveral inLurfions into the ifland unarmed,
fumetimes in fmall parties, and fomctimes fmgly i
when the natives invited them into their houfcs, gave
tliem proviftons, and prefcntcd the young damlels to
their embraces. On thefe occafions the hut was in-
itantly crowded with numbers of both fexes, who
furroumled the young lovers, and eyed them with
looks of the moft intenfecuriofity. Leaves and flowers
were immetli.-\tely ftrewed on the ground, and while
fome played on flutes^ others fang a kind of fong
(iicred to the rites of love. — The people of Ota-
hcite feemed aftonifhed at the embarrafiinent of fome
of the Frenchmen on thefe occafions ; but M. Uou-
gainville is of opinion, that there was not a man of
the whole crew who had not got the bettei of his
European delic.icy, by making a public facrifice to
Venus.

M. Bougainville now proceeds to a defcription of
the beauties of the interior parts of the ifland. He
has often walked out, with only a few attendants,
and arrived at places beautiful beyond the power of
pen or pencil to paint. Trees abounding with fruit
of the mod delicious kinds, were frequently found on
meadows interfccled by rivulets, which gave an agree-
able coolnefs to the air. On thefe enchanting fpots
numbers of the natives revel in the profufe gifts of
nature, unincumbered with the cares of the bufy
World. Our author met with many little focieties,
repofing at their eafc, under the fliadc of trees, who
welcomed the Grangers in the mod friendly manner.
Thofe he faw on his way made room for his paflagc
with a degree of civility that would have done honour
to the muft polifhed European ; and in every place he
found evident marks of the content and happinefs of
the people i while he was treated with the utmoft hof-
pitality. M. Bougainville gave Ereti fome ducks and
gcefe, and a couple of turkies, that might raife a breed
of lliofe birds. He likewife prefcntcd him with fome
garden feeds, and advifed him to cultivate fome
ground in the European manner ; and a fpot being
fixed on by the French, it was inclofcd, and fe-
veral of the crew employed in digging it. The na-
tives were much pleafcd with the implements of gar-
dening, and happy in having wheat, barley, oats,
rice, &CC. put into the ground ; as were likewife
onions, and a variety of pot-herbs. The commodore
is of opinion, that his gcnerofity in this particular
will not be thrown away, as the people of Otahcite
fcum to have a tafte for agriculture; and he thinks
they might foon be brought to cultivate, in a proper
manner the fineil foil in the world : they have indeed
a fort of kitchen gardens near their huts, which pro-
duce yams, potatoes, and other edible roots.

Soon after the camp was formed, the commodore was
vifited on board thefliip by Toutaa, [Tootahah] the
chief of a Jiftri^i near that of Ereti, who was a very tall
man, and mod admirably well made ; he was attended
by feveral gentlemen, hardly one of whom was lefs
than fix feet in heiirht. I'outaa brought with him
cloth, hog<, fowls, and fruir, which he prefcntcd
to M. Bougainville, who complimented him with
fome filk (lut}'s, trinkets, nails, i(c.

Toutaa invited M. Bougainville tohishoufe, where
in the midltofa large alTembly, heprefented him with
a fine younu; girl, w liom the commodore conjectures
to have been one of his wives ; and the muficians in-
ftantly began the bridal hymn — the reader may guefs
the rcfl-. — One of the Indians happening to be killed,
his countrymen complained to M. Bougainville of
this violation of tlis rights of hofpitality. The dead

Vot. 1. N»23.

body being lonveyed to one of the huts, fome perfoni
were fent to cxuinine it, when it appearcil that he fell
by a gun-fliot wound ) on which ull polfiblc enquiry
was made after the offender, but he could not bedil-
covered | and how he came to be (hut remained a my-
llery ) for M. Bougainville fays, that none of the
crew had that day left the (hip with fiic-arms, nor
had any of thofe on (hore been permitted to le.ive the
camp. It wasevidentj however, that the n.uives in
general conceived their countryman to have been tht;
aggreflttr ( for their dealings with the Europeans were
not intermitted ; tho' fome few of them moved o(i' their
furniture to the mountains; and even the houfe of
Ereti wasftripped ; but a few prefents from the com-
modore regained his friendlhip and eftcem. Early in
the morning of the 12th, the cable of the Boudeule
parting, that (hip ran foul of the Etoile, but thevef-
i'cls were happily got clear of each other; before any
damage had been luftained. A boat was now fcnt to
found for fome convenient paflage, as the (hips were
in evident danger of being driven on (hore; and at this
unfortunate iumflure, news arrived that three of the
Indians had been cither murdered or wounded in their
huts, and that in confequence of this unhappy cir-
cumftance a general terror had feized the inhabitants.
The women, children, and old men, had fled up the
country, taking their tffefts with them, and even
carrying oft" the bodies of the deceafed. The com-
modore, on receiving this intelligence, went on (hore^
and feledling four marines; on whom relied the fuf-
pl'ion of having perpetrated this foul deed, he or-
dertH them to be put in irons in the prefencc of Ereti^
a .circmftance that conciliated the aft'edlion of the
Indians; M. Bougainville, apprehenfive that the
natives might revenge the injury they had Aiftained
in the pcrlcns of their countrymen, fpent a confider-
able part of the night in the camp, and gave orders
for a reinforcement of the guards. -i— But the fitu-
ation of the French was every way fo advant.ige-
ous, that in all probability, they might have been an
over-match for the united forces of the natives. The
night however was fpent in perfeft rcpofe, except
fome flight alarms, occafioned by thieving inter-
lopers.

The commodore's concern arofe Inore from the ap-
prehended lofs of his (hips, than from any hoftilc ef-
forts that might be m.ndc by the Indians. Af-
ter ten at night, the wind blew violently ; the fea
rolled to an enormous height ) the rain defcended in
torrents, and the whole fcenc was tempeftuous in a
high degree. M. Bougainville went on hoard foon
after midnight, when a violent fquall of wind was
driving the (hips towards the (hore. Happily the
fterm was foon over, and a breeze from the (hore
prevented the veflels being ftranded. About day-
break another cable, and the hawfer of the Boudeufe
parted, when (he was almoft clofe on the (hore, on
which the furges beat with unremitting fury. At this
time too, as an aggravation of their misfortunes, the
buoys of the anchors were milTing ; but it was doubtful
whether the natives had (lolen them, or whether they
had funk.

Some little time before noon another cable parted,
and the Boudeufe drove towards the (hore. They now
let go their (heet anchor, but it could he of no fer-
vice to them, as they were fo near the breakers, that
the (hip muft have ftranded before a fufficient length
of cable could have been veered out, to have given
the anchor time to reach the bottom. Thus fituated^
within a moment of defpair, a breeze off' iliore opera-
ted in their favour; yet this wind foon changed*
though not till it enabled them to get a diftance
from the (hore, by the help of a hawfer from a ftream-
anchor of the Etoile, which (hip happening to be
anchored in firmer ground than the Boudeufe, was,
undoubtedly, the great means of faving that vef-
fel and her crew from dcftruilion. On occafion of
this fingular efcape, M. Bougainville pays a grate-
ful compliment to M. de la Giraudais, the com-
mander of the Etoile, to whofe friendfhip and abili'
U u u tics.

1768

254

THE. VOYAGE OF

tics lip dccrn* liimfelf greatly iiidcbtnl for the prcftrv-
ation ul the UiMidcufc.

Soon litter day- light, it was ohfervcd, that the camp
was tot.illy ddiituteof its ul'uil vitltors, not un iu-
clian was to he fcen nr:ir it, nur even a fnigle boat
liiiliiiji; un thi river. 'I'hc natives h.id quitted tlicir
IuiuIl.'-, and the whole rniinlry appeared to be depopu-
lated. The prince ot' NallUu now went on Ihorc,
with a fmall |iarty, and, at about three miles from
the camp, found Lreti, with a confiderahlr number of
his fubjeCls. When the chief recollected the prince,
he aiUanced towards him with a mixed countenance
cxpiellive of liopu and terror. Many women were
now with Lreti, who dropping on their knees at the
foot of the prince, IciHld his hands, and batlied in
tears, exclaimed, Taya innti, Youareoui friends, and
you kill us. — I'he prince fucceedcd in his endeavours
to inl'pire thum with frefti contidencc ; and M. tiou-

fainville had the pleafure of obfervin,:; from on board,
y the help of his glalles, that the natives hailencd to
the camp, carrying with them fouls, fruits, &c. fo
that there could be no doubt but that (icacc was rc-ef-
tabliihed. 'Ihe conimixlorc Inilantly kit the (hip,
and taking with him a quantity of filk, Duff''!, ;uid a
variety of other articles, he prefcnted them to the
principal perfons, intimating how unhappy he was on
account of the misfortune which had happened, and
alliiring them that the perpetrators of fo foul a deed
Ihould not cfcapc unpunifhed. The Indians carclled
the commander ; the natives in general were happy
that peace was reftorcd, and the market foon became
more crowded than ever j fo that in two days only,
more rcfrcihmcnts were brought in than had been be-
fore, and the whole place had the appearance of u
fair. The Indians having rcquefted to fee fome muf-
quets hrid ; were not a little alaimcd when they
found that the animals fired at were inftantly killed.
The boat which the commodore had fcnt to found,
having found an excellent paflagc to the northward,
the Etoile tailed on the 14th, and bcinii; got fafe with-
out thertcf, her commander fentthc boat to the Bou-
dcufe, in which was an officer, who havijig furveyed
the pali.ige, and conducted the Etoile to a place of
fafctv, Kturmd to take the fame care of M. Bou-
(iainvillcN (hip. Tliecrcwof the ISoudcufe now la-
boured incellimtly in eumpleatin^ her (lock of water
and ill hrip;'iiij; hir i.tfe».U on bo.ird. The commodore
took poll'ellion ot tlie ifland, for his fovcreign, by an
infcriptioii carved on an oak plank, andb\irying in a
bottl.-, near the building they had occupied, a wri-
ting, contauiiu'.; the names of the fevcral officers
concerned in this expedition ; and this method he
followed invariably, at all the places hodilcovered in
thccourfe of his voyage. 'I'hc Boiid;ufe fet fail early
in the morning of the 1 5th, and the commodore con-
gratulated himfelf on having got clear of the reefs,
when the wind fuddenlv dying away, the tide, and a
fwellinV fea drove the iliip violently towards the rocks,
cii which (be nuilt have been inllantly da(hed in pieces,
and everv man on board have perifhed, except the
few who could (uim remarkably well. But at the
ruinient when flic was ready to (hike, a we(fern
breeze fpran;; up, which in about two hours, conveyed
the voyagers clear of all thofe dangers they had
drcadeci. M. Bougainville joined the Etoile before
thcevcnin;:;, and a tfrong gale fpringing up about mid-
night, they fet all their fails and foon got perfcftly
clear of the coaft. What happened at his taking
leave of the people of Otahcitc is related as follows.
Soon after the dawn of day, when the Indians
cbfcrvcd that their vifitors were making prepara-
tions for their departure, Ercti came haftily on board,
in the (iril boat that was ready. He now clafped in
his arms, embraced, and wept over thcfe new-made
;icqiiuiiitanccs, whom he was about to part with for
ever. I'his I'ccni! was fcarcely ended, when a larger
boat in which were the wives of the generous chief,
came along fide the (hip, laden with a variety of re-
fiefhmeiils. This velTel likewife brought oft" the In-
dian who, on their tiril arrival, had flcpt on board the

Etoile. This man was ealkd Aihnrtii. Erfti pre-
fcnted him to M. lJou};ainvilk', intimating his doter-
mincd refolution to Jail with the (Irnngers, and in-
trcaiiny permilliun ihnt he might do (o. H>« rcqueU
being complied with, Ercti prefcnted him totlieof-
(icers refpcdtively, faying, T hat he intruded a will-
beloved triend to tlie care and protedtiou of friends
equally beloved. Ereti liaviug accepted fame prelents
returned to the boat, in which Were ■ number of weep-
ing beauties, made iiill more lovely by their tears.
With him went Aotouruu, to take a melancholy leave
of aloTelygirl. Ho took three pearls 'rom his ears,
which he delivered as a love-token to the defpondin^
beauty; embraced her aft'e^iionatclv, tore himlclV
from her arms, and left it to time and tears to rcltore
her ferenity of mind. The followinc is M. Bougain-
ville's defciiption of the ifland.—*' '1 here is a fine bay
about ten miles in depth, between a cape whicli ad-
vances to the north and the fouth-ealt point uf th«
iflunil. I'owards the bottom of this bay the coaft it
almoli level, and this part appears to be the (ird peo-
pled, as well as the molt agreeable part of the coun-
try. In a paflagc between the two mofl northerly
iflands, there is good anchorage for thirty vifl'els. The
red of the coafl is mountainous land, and in mofV
places is incompalTed by reefs of rocks, Ibme of which
are ainiod covered by the fea, while others arc left
fufficicntly deltitute of water to be confidercd as iflands.
Un thcfe the natives kindle fires every night, that the
crews sf their boats may filh in fafcty. Between thefe
rocks are fpaces through which a (hip may enter,
but (he will find it difficult to get anchorage. The
mountains at a diftancc from the coafl are much higher
than it is ufual for hills to be in countries of no
greater extent. Thcfe, being covered with verdure
and fruits of various, beautiful, and delicious kinds,
aftbrd the riche(i proljieiit that the imagination can
form an idea of. Springs ifluing from the mountains
form themfelvcs into rivulets, which meandring thro'
the country, fcrvc at once to fertilifc and adorn it.
On the level parts of the ifland the houfes are eredted,
under the (hade of fruit trees ; not in regular towns
and villages, but fcparately, and where the fancy of
the owner (hall tix the Ipot. Public walks, kept in
the ncateft order, lead from one refidencc to another
throughout the ifland, fo that the whole appears one
fccne of inchantcd ground. I'he principal fruits
of the ifland arc plaintains, cocoa-nuts, yams, cu-
raflol okras, and the bread-fruit. Indico and fugar-
cancs grow wild ; and two fubllanccs proper for
living, one red and the other yellow, were found
among the natives ; but the French could not learn
from what vegetable they were produced.

" While Aotourou was on board the Boudcufc it
appeared, that he was acquainted with many of
the plants and fruits in the pollillion of the French,
which he called by their Indian names. Indeed, the
fame produ6li<ms arc common to moll countries with-
in the tropics. The natives ufe the cedar-wood,
which grows on the mountains, for the conltruetion
of the largcll boats, and they make a fort of pikes
of a very heavy black wood. Their ('mailer boats are
ni;'de o( the wood of the bread-fruit tree, which
is extremely foft, and full of gum. The ifland of
Otaheitc produces very rich pearls, which are worn
by the women and children, but they were fecreted al-
moft as foon as the French landed, and were (cen no
more during their flay. A fort of caftancts, inltru-
ments ufed by the Indian dancers, are formed out of
the (hells of the pearl-oyftcrs.

" M. Bougainville obtained by his traffic with tho
natives, about 140 hogs, and more than 800 fowls;
and he might have procured much larger numbers, if
his ftay had been longer. No venomous animals were
fecn on this ifland, nor any of thofe noxious infcdfs,
which are common to, and the grcateft curfe of, hot
climates. There can remain no doubt of the falu-
brity of the air of Otaheite ; for though the French
laboured hard all day in the heat of the fun, were
frequently in the water, and flept all night in the

open

M. BOUGAINVILLE.

»5J

I it"
Ire

ep<n »ir, on flic hnrc grmmd, not a fingle pciCon con-
trai^lcJ any dirunlcr, wliilc tliiilc who hiiidiil tor tlie
cure ot tlie fcurvy riTovi'icd very talt, and niuny of
tliem .-ic(|uircd fu miiili Itrciigth, that their cure was
{xrt'eiitcd nn boiird the Ihips. And what .iD'ords
uil undoubted proof of the hcallhinel's of the (Innate,
is the Itrcnglh of its inh^ib.lants, uho^row to an ex-
trcnii old aj^c, without feeling any of its inconve-
niiiuu, though thev deep only on a few leaves Krewcd
oil the ground, in huts ill adapted to defend thein-
fi'lves from the inclemencies of the we.iiher. The
chief articles of food are rtlh and vegetable, flefti is
feldom eaten even by grown jii-i tons, and by the young
womenandcliildren never, i'heir drinkis pure water;
and from this temperance doubtlefs arifes, in a great
nieafure, that freedom from difcafe, which is one of
their i;reatell bicflin;;'!. 'I'hefe people were averi'e to
the tulle and finell of every thing (Irong, particularly
of tobacco, fpices, brandy and wine, 'I'hc na-
tives of Utaheitc arc of two diltinil tribes, having
hardly any perfuiial refeniblance, yet prai^liling
the fainc cufloins, afiociating together in the moft
friendly manner, and converfing in the fame dialect."
('I'he firfl race of tliefe ^Kople are inuch taller, lai"j;vr,
and better proportioned than the other. Few of thcfe
arc lefs than fix feet high, and fo extremely well
made, that, as pur author fays, ' in order to paint a
^ Hercules or a Mar«, one cmild no «here find fiich
* beautiful models.'] Tlieir features aie perfectly
like thofe of the inhabitants of Europe, their hair is
black, and tbeir (kins rather brown, but this Is attri-
buted to their being fo much expofed to the fun and
air.

" The other Indians arc about the middle ftature,
have almoft the features and complexion of Malattos,
and rough, curled hair, as (hong as the bridles of a
hog. Aotourou was of tliis tribe, and the fon of one
vl the chiefs of the ifland. *

" Both the tribes fliavc the upper part of the face,
permitting the beard on the chin to grow, and a
whifkcron each lip ; fomc of them bind the hair on
the top of the head, while others Cut it fhort, but all
«f them rub the oil of the cocoa-nut into the hair and
beard. They permit all their nails to grow a great
kngtli, except that of the middle-finpcr of the right-
hand. Among thefe people one cripple only v/as
ieen, and it was fuppofed that he got iiis hurt by a
fall.t" There arc fome other particulars mentioned
by the French author which arc fo exattly alike
with the accounts of the Captains VVallis and
Conk, that we have purpofely oniittid them.

" 1 ho people of Otahcile ftain the lower parts of
tlieir backs, and their thighs, with a deep blue, the
nietliod of doing which having been already mentioned
ill our account of Captain Cooks's voyaiie, need not
be luie lepiated. M. Hougainville mentions it as a
linniil.ir ciicumlhiiice, that the prndticc of painting
the b<Kly has always prevailed anions the people of all
countries, at the time when they bordered on a (late
of nature, it is, inilLcd, a well known fait, that the
aiK iuiit Britons were found liained with wood, when
(iiliiis C;Elar made his lirlt delcent on this ifland.
Our author reprcfents thefe iflanders as gorxl natured
and benevolent in a high degree. He fa ?, that,
though the I'evcral diftricts are governed each by its
own chit!', public war, or private animofity feemed
to be equally unknown nn the ifland. The natives
fcem not to entertain even the flighteft doubt of the
integrity of e.ich nther, ami appeiir to enjoy, in com-
mon, whatever is necttlhry to the fupport of life.
Their houfes arc always open night and day, and
whoever enters may freely <;at of whatever he finds.

* Our author lays tliat tiiis InJian's want of pcrlonal beauryt
was amply rccoinpenfcd i»y tlic govHintf'; af his unilcrllanding ;
bur litis afl'crtion lias been flatly cnntradif\ccl liy the tcHiniony
of fcveral Englifh gcntltnien, wlio faw Aotourou, ilurini^ his
relittcnce at Paris, and who reprifcntcd hini as one of' the mort
ignorant Idocklicads ihcy ever ';nc\v.

t The furgcon iplorircil M, Itougaiaville, that miny af the
l^tives were marked iviiU tlic fniall-pojc ; and lie favs, tic touk

In like manner they gather fruit from evfry tree, and
all the level country being a kind of coiitiiiu.d or-
chaid, feems to be but one conimim prnpcrty. Vet
Wire thcfe people, with fiuh exalted ideas ol general
benevolence, moll dextrous in Itealiiig the property
of the French. The chicis, however, did not encou-
rage thiir interiors in thefe depredations, on the con-
trary, they rii|ui(led the officers to kill tliofc who
Ihuuld be detected in an act of theft, but they would
never take this dilagiaable talk on IhemlJves. When
a tliief was pointed out to l.,\:t\, he would run after
till he had over'aVen lini, and thvn compelling him
to leltore the llokn gooils, he punifhed the oft'cncc
by a number ot ilrip's. — ,^ though the inhabitants of
(jiaheite maintain p;rpetual peace among themfelvcs,
yet it feldom happens, but that they are engaged in
wur with the natives of the adjacent iflands,^

«* They have i.iit;e vtlRls, called I'eriaguas, in
which they '.lefcend on the cr.cmies country, and even
engage in ica-Hghts, A pike and a bow with a fling
are all th,:ir arms. If Aotourou's information is to
be dcpe.ided on, the confcqiicncc of their battles are
very iatal to the vanquifhed. The men and boys,
who are made prifoiurs, are dripped of their
Ikins, and the beards of the men are taken oft', and
carried away in triumph, as cnfigns of the viftory.
The conquerors take with them the women and girls,
with whom they frequently cohabit. Aotourou de-
clared himfelf the (on of one of thcfe alliances, his
mother being a native of Ofiirr, an ifland not far dif-
tant from Otaheite, with the inhabitants of wliich
they are frequently at war. M. Bougainville afcribes
the ditt'crence between thefe two races of people, to
this intercourfc with the captive women of the adjacent
iflands. The principal people on the ifland have a
number of fervants, who (ubmit to their orders with
the moft unrcferved obedience ; and, in each diltridt,
the will of the chief is a law, from the authority of
which there is no appeal ; but the chief himfelf does
not come to any refolution rclpciting matters of great
importance, till he has prcvioufly confulted wi'h the
principal inhabitants."

M. Bougainville fays, that when the moon ex-
hibits a certain afpcif, which bears the n.ime ot jlftj-
tama Tiimai, [the moon in a (late of war] the natives
oft'er up human lacrifices. He alfo mentions onecir-
cuindance, as a proof that thefe people originated on
the continent, from whence their anceftorsmuft have
emigrated. When any one fneezcs his companions
cry out, Evarcua-t-entcuay that is, may the good ge-
nius awaken thee ; or, may not the evil genius lull
thee afleep.

The principal people on the ifland appear to have
itiany wives ; and our author fays polygamy is com-
mon among them all, as the rich arc chiefly diltin-
guilhed from the poor by keeping a greater number
iif the fair fex ; for univerl^il love is the churaitcr-
iftic of the inhabitants of Otaheite. Both the parents
feem equally fond of nurfing their infants. The men
employ themfelvcs principally in war, filhing and
agriculture, while the women have little to do, but
to render themfelvcs agreeable by their afliduity to
pleale ; they fubmit implicitly to the will of the men,
and the woman who fhould proftitute herliilf witii-
ojit the permiflion of her hufband, would atone for
her infidelity with her life. But that liberty to gratify
her paflions, in what way (he pleafes, is foeafily ob-
tained, that thcfe fair ones are not under the lead
temptation, to difobediencs ; in fatft, the wife gene-
rally yields her perl'on at the folicitation of her
hufliaiul.

The commodore having cng.iged Aotourou to come

cverv pref .lution that iKc venereal difcafe fliouUl not be com-
nuinicatL-d to thefe unhappy, unoffending people, but it appears
from Captain Cook's account, that fome of tlie Frenchmen
ucrc !>.tfc cnnuf^h to plant llii^' dreadful malady in a countiy
u'liLi'c, from Itougainvillc's own account, it is more likely to
fprcad tiian any other part of ihc world, on account uf the ex-
treino attachment ot the inhabitants to the adt uf vcnery.

17CH

aj6

tut VOVACfc OJf

1768 o'n lioanl, was *t great expcnce to bring him to Paris,
\ I anil to rrnjcr his lefiJcncc ealV, improvingi and in-
lertaiiiint;. M. tiuuvainvilfc informs us, tlut a
gCMtlcmaii of Paris, dif(inguilhcil by his flcill in tcath-
ilig the art of fpecch to pcrfons born iloiif and dumb,
Rpcatrdly examined Aotourou, and found that br
could not naturally pronounce any of the French
nafal voweU, and but very few of the confonants.

Aotourou informed ine commodore, that an
Englifl) Ihip hid arrived at Olahcite about eight
months bifurc the French touched at that illand.
This (fuv« our author) was the veflel commanded by
Captain Wallace) and he afcribes the knoAlcdge of
iron, which was obfcrvcd among the natives, to this
vifit of the Englifti, efpecially as they call it Aouri,
which he fays is not unlike our word irtti. On the
mornine of the 16th of April, 176K, M, Bougain-
ville difcovered what he thought to be three other
iflands ; but it was afterwards found to be only one,
the high lands, of which had, at a dilfance, given ii
the appearance of feparatc inands. At a conlidcrable
diftancc from this ifland they faw another, which
Aotourou told them was called Ouirmilia; that the
natives of it were in alliance with the people of Ota-
hfrite ; that there was a girl on the iflaiul to whom be
hnd a ftron;; attachment ; and that if the commodore
would touch there, he would meet with the fame kind
of nrcefTaries, and the lame hofpitable treatment as he
h:id experienced among bis countrymen.

The commander, however, deaf to all thefc per-
tuafivc arguments, held on his way, and lofl fight
of the ifland the fame day. The fucceeding night
proved remarkably fair, and the ftars appearing with
unclouded lul^rr, Aotourou pointed out a conllella-
tion in the fhoulder of Orion, and expred'cd a wi(h
that the (hip's courii: might be direiftcd by it, in con-
fequence of which they would, in two days time, ar-
livc at a fine illand where he had a numerous acquaint-
ance, and it was cnnjedlurcd from his hints, that he
had alfo a chiM there. As M. Bouganville pcififted
in his refolutiun not to alter the (hip's courfc, Aou-
touroii became very uneafy, and endeavoured to per-
fuadc liim to rtecr for the dcfired port, by alluring Him
that the ifland abounded in bogs, fowls, fruits, and
what he Teemed to think would bethcmoft prevailing
argument, fine women, who were abundantly liberal of
their favours. Heing angry that his rcafons did not
opciat.' with the commodore, he ran to the ftcerage,
iind leizini the wheel of the helm tried to (teer for
hK f.ivourife idc, nor was it witliout great difficulty
on the part nf the hclm's-man, and equal vexation
on the part of the poor Indian, that lie was prevented
from carrving his dcfign into execution.

Early on the following morning, he climbed to
the ma(t-head, where he r>;mained feveral hours, anx-
ioufly looking out for th'^ fpot which had fo much
attraiilol his regard. On the preceding night he
pointed out a great number of ftars, and inK>rmcd
hi. Bougainville of their names in the language of
Otaheitc ; r.nii it was afterwards certainly known,
that this iilander was not unacquainted with the phafes
of the moon, and that he was learned in thofi: prog-
i.olHcka which evince an approaching change in the
weather. It likcwil'c appeared that his countrymen
•vtrc not uninformed in this kind of knowledge, foufe-
lul 10 p^opl'-- whole wants or curiofity frequently car-
ry them to fea, where they have no compafs to direiSf
their courfc, except their own judgment and the fight
of the crskftial conftellations ; and M. Bougainville
fays that the natives of Otaheite arc fully convinced
that the dm anJ moon are peopled.

riiiweailKT continued fine till the end of April,
at which tiiiik tlic principal pilot on board the Bou-
deul'e, died (( an apopleiiic fit. In the beginning of
the month of May, three iflands were difcovered at
the (lifl.ince of ten or twelve leagues to the nortb-
xvcft ; but thefc were unknown to Aotourou, who
imagined tliat it was .M. Bougainville's country.
7'he moon llionc biic,ht in the night, during which
they kept fight of iflands, and in the morning fleered
7

for the largcft, theeaflern Ihorr of wliirh they coaftcdi
and found it about nine miles in length. '1 he coaftk
of this ifland are remarkably (Uvp, and, indeed, tht
whole of it ii little elfe than an cnoiinous hill cloathed
with trees. Several fires were fecn on Ihorr, and*
fmall number of houfes covered with reeds, under the
fliade of cocoa-nut-trees, and more than twenty of
the natives running haftily along the cualf . The two
final ler iflands were each about u mile and a half in
length, and Irparated from the larger one by an arm
of the fea. In (hapu and appearance they were very
like the former.

'I'he commodore had given direfliont to ftecr be-
tween the iflands, when a bout with five Indians iii
her was obfervcd coming off towards the (hip i Ihu
advanced very near, and iliough every fign of friendly
invitation was made, not one of the natives would
venture on board. 1'hey had no kind of rloathing
but a bandage round the waifl, and ns thry could nut
be prevailed on to come up the fliip't fide, Aotourou
llrippcd himlclf, leaving on nothing more than what
they wore, and addrefled them ia the language of
Otaheite ) but they underllood not a Word of wh.at
he faid. As they held up fome cocoa-nuts and other
vegetables, and leemtd to wilh to barter them for Ibnie
trinkets which vere (hewn them, M. Bougainvilla
urdercxi out one of the (hip's boats, with a view to
vifit the (Irangcrs j but they no fooncr learned his in-
tention, than they rowed off with all poflible expe-
dition, and he did not think proper to follow them.
In a little time many boats advanced towards the (hips,
fome of them rowing and others failing. Thefe, lefs
diffident than the tornicr, came clofe under the (hip's
fide, but none of the iflandrrs would venture on board.
I'hey exchanged pieces of an exquifitely fine (hcl!,
yams, cocoa-nuts, and a water-hen of moll beautiful
plumage, for fmall pieces of red ituffj but thv y did
not feem fond of ear-iings, knives, nails, nur iron
of any kind ; which had been fo eagerly coveted by
the inhabitants of Otaheite. One of thefe Indians
broii;^',ht a cock with him, but he would not part with
it upon any terms. I'hey had alfo fome pieces of
cloth of the fame kind as that manufactured at Ota-
heite ; but not of fo fine a fabrick, and died black,
brown, and red, but none of the colours were good
of their kinds. They were likewifc poflelTed of a kind
of wood hardened by fire, lances, mats, and fi(h-
hooks made of bones. .M. Bougainville conjeiflures
from the features of tliofe iflanders, that they arc not
of fo amiable a difpofition as the natives of Otaheite ;
and he reprefcnts them as fuch dextrous thieves, thac
it was almoll impoflible to guard againfl their depreda-
tions. Thele people are of the middle fixe, and ex-
ceedingly alert ; they are of a deep brown complexion,
but one was fcen among them who was much fairer
than any of the others ; they had no beards, fo it
was fuppofcd they were plucked up by the roots, and
their hair, which was univerfally black, flood almoft
ere£l on their heads i their hands and breads were
painted with deep blue.

Their boats are built in a mod ingenious tade, and
are furnifhcd with out-riggers. The head and dern
of the ved'el are equally flat with its fides, and
over each is a fmall deck. In the centre is a row
of wooden pegs, the tops of which are inclolinl in a
(hell of the pured white ; the fail is formed of mat-
ting, and its (hape triangular, being extended by means
of dicks. In thefe boats the iflanders followed the
French velTels a confiderabledidanceout to fea, while
feveral others from the fmaller iflands, joined the na-
val proccfllon, and produced an cfi'eA that was highly
agreeable. In one of thefe lad-mentioned boatn was
an old woman remarkably didinguilhcd by the uglinefs
of her features. As tKe weather now tell calm, the
commodore gave up, from an apprehenfion of danger,
hisprojedl of failing between the iflands, though the
breadth of the channel was mere than four miles.
They now therefore failed in the open fea, and on the
evening of the fame day, the man at the mad-head
had fight of other land, even while they v^ere yet in

view

Arc

ol
gate

Fori

■iij'--V' «*-

t'iU^j . i^ait. 'fr'^'iAlU

'4BHi<;<ML<<.jw7''

M. BOUGAINVILLE,

«?7

vi(w, l)y the aid of 4 blight moon, of the iflaiidi thry
hod lately Idt.

On the moriiinp; of the 5tli, it appeared that the
ncwiv dilcovorcd laiuKvAi. u liciuitilul illaiul confilting
of aftcrn.itc niuuiitiiiii'. -.iiu] uillirs, dnthnl witli the
rahcd verdure, ;inil lincly fli.idowid by the (prcading
branches ol t)ic coccia-niit, and u variety of other
trcc«. Near the welternioll point of tins illand i>
a ledge (it rockn, and the leu breaks wjtii vndenee on
many parts of the toads, I'o that it would be ditficult
to land, except in very few places. Many l)oats
put off from the idand, and failed round tlie (hips,
though they were then gniiin; at the rate of at leatt I'e-
vcn knots an hour. Thefc ooafs, however, one only
excepted, would not venture near tliv (hipreakcrs rendered it impofliblc. At tliis time the man
at the mad-head obfcrvcd a number of the Indians
boats failing to the fouthward. On the following day
another idand was Teen to the weKward of the fttips
courfe, in the neighbourhood of which were two
fnialler iflands ; but none of thefc could be didint^ly
bf-held on account of fonic thick fogs, which inter-
cepted the view. The lad-mentioned idands are dtu-
ated nearly wh'^re 'I'afinan the Dutch navigator has
placed a number of idands which he difcovcred, and
tn which he gave the names of Hccmfkirk, Prince
William, Pylftaart, Amfterdam, and Rotterdam. —
I'he longitude of thcfe idands correfponds likewife
very nearly with thofe which navigators have called
Solomon's Ides, fo t it it is mod probable they are
the fame. M. Bougaii.ville conjeiflures that the num-
ber of boats which were obferved failing to the fouth-
ward, is a vindication tnat there are other idands at
no great didance ( and, inuecd, this opinion fcems to
be well grounded. To all thcfe idands the commo-

ArclilpeUgn dorc gave the general name of the Anhipelagi of tht

of tlie N»vi- Navisalort.

g«ots. Qu ^ijj morning of the nth, anotiicr idand was

Forlorn Hone, discovered, which received the name of the Firlorne
H.pt. At a didance, it had the appearance of two
idands, but this deception w.is occafioncd by its ftiapc )
for it confided of two hills joined by a low land,
wliich could not be fecn far out at fea. At this pe-
riod, and fome days before and afterwards, the wea-
ther was extremely unfavourable, the winds being ad-
verfe, and the rains and calms alternate. M. Bon-
p;ainvillc (on this circumdance) obfervcs, that in the
ocean which has r>btaincd the name of Pacific, the ap-
proach to land is generally announced by violent tem-
pcds, which becomes dill more violent in proportion
as the moon decrcalls, the vicinity of the iflands is
generally fort boded by thick clouds at the horizon, and
liqually weather} and the precaution necedary to be
taken to prevent a vedd's running foul of fhoals, may
be more eafily conceived than defcribcd. In the prc-
fciit indancc it was impofliblc to proceed with the ne-
cedary degree of precaution; for the crew were in
want of provifions, and water in particular, grew
very fcarce ; lo that they were obliged to take advan-
tage of every breeze of wind, both by night and day,
and run all hazards for fear of darving. Thus fitu-
atcd, it may bcprcfumed that they thought thcmfelves
fufficicDtly unhappy i but thplrdidrcfs was aggravated
by the greater number of the crew of each fhip being,
attacked by the fcurvy, which inflamed their mouths
tofueh adcgree, that they could fcarcely have fwal-
lowcd thofc refrediments of which they ftood much
in need. Salt beef, pork, and dried pulfe, cnndituted
the whole fare of thofe who remained in health for the
fick, however, there were yet fomc few articles of frcfli
provilions remaining. At this unfortunate juncture
the difeafe, confcquent on an illicit commerce between
the fexes made its appearance, attended by all its mod
difagrceablc fymptoms, Aotourou was foextremely ill
of it, that though feemin;f to defpife its efFciSls, he was
obliged to fubmit himlilf to the care of the furgcons.
'I he fliips now dcercd a wedctly courfc, and on the
morning of the 2zd, two idands were difcovcred, one
Vol.. I. N» 2j.

of which received the nimc of Yworj, frflrn (he early i-jdj

hour on which it was I'een, and the other of if'liiil''i>>' > .—-^

tide Ijlr., from the day on which it was dil'covcrnl. AMir-« iru..!.

The track of the velleU was now fo dirc(;U-d as that " ' ' '" ■'''^''

they might have palled between the two iflaiidr,

hut an unexpei'led rahn prevented this nuntcuvie.

Proceeding to the northward of this lird-dilcovercd

illand, a nlini; land, in a conic.il form, was obferved

lo hear north hy well, which rmivid llie name of

the I'tuk of the l:ii,/,: In the afternoon, inoiiiitain- pu^i, li;,,;],,

ous lands at thirty miles dillant weu Ictn apjuarinu;,

as it were over and beyond the illand of Aiirc.ia.

On theijd it was difcovcred, rhat the land l.dl (len
was a feparate id.ind, the appearance of which was
lofty, its dcfcent deep, and tlie whole cloalhed wiih
trees. A number of boats were li-en coading the
diore, but none of them .ipproached the fliips : I'mokc
was fecn ilVuiiig from among the woods, hut no habi-
tation was obferved. In the morning the com-
modore difpatched three boats very well manned and
armed to take in wooil, and to learn the niced'ary par-
ticulars rcfpcitinj; the country, while the ftiip's guns
were brought to bear on the idand, in onler to protect
the boat's crew from any inlult that mi -lit be olRred
them hy the natives. M. Hougaiiiville hinil'elt went
on fliorc in the afternoon, where he found the
Indians afTiding the French, in carrying to the boats
a i^uantityof wooil which had been cut.

I'hc information obtained from the officer com-
manding the boat's crew was. That on his fird h-nd-
ing, the natives ad'embled on the (horc, armed with
bows and arrows, intimating, by f'gns, that the
draiigers mud retreat. The French odicer, however,
gave orders for landing, and while his people advanced,
the Indians retreated, but with tlicir bows bent, and
in an attitude of felf-defence. At length, they were
ordered to halt, while the prince of Naflau approaclied
the Indians, who no longer retired when ilicy law
only one perlbn advancing. The prince having given
them fomc remnants of red cloth, their cdeeni ap-
jwared to be at once conciliated. The commanding
officer now dation„d himfclf at the entrance of a
woo<l, and lent out a party in fearch of refrefhnunt«,
while another was difpatched to cut fire-wood. The
natives now came forward with .tii appearance of
fricnddlip, and didributed fome fruit among the fea-
men, to whom they likewife gave fome arrows, but
refufeil to accept any thing in exchange. Their
numbers were confiderabic, and thofe who Were not
armed with bows and arrows, h,id provided themfelvcs
with ftones, as indruments of defence.

Thefe people intimated, that they were at war with
the natives of a dift'eicnt didrift on the idand, and
even while they were hinting this circumdance, an
ir.iied party of Indians approached from the weft-
w ird, while the former appeared determined not to
retreat from their enemies ; but the valour of thefe
latter was rendered unnecellary to lie exerted by the
want of courage in the others. Matters were in this
Situation when M. Bougainville landed on the idand,
where he remained till his boas were laden with the
articles he wanted. This being done, he took pof*
fcdTion of the place, by the aiS of burying at the foot
of a tree an infcription, carved on an nak-plank, and
then he retreated to the fliip. It was imagined, that
this early retreat of the French prevented an attack,
which the idanders had meditated, as tliey feemed to
be making preparations for what they had not yet in
their power to carry into execution, but no iboner
had the boats put olF, than the Indians hadencd to
the beach, and complimented them with a ihower
of arrows, and a volley of flones ; fomc of them even
plunged into the waves, aiming their fury at the fup-
pofed invaders, and hurling their vengeance on the
infolent drangcrs. When, at length, ope of the feat
men having been wounded by a done, a difcharge of
mufquets drove the idanders to their native woods, evi-
dently wounded, from their cries and exclamations.
[ M. Bougainville gives the following defcriptioii of '
^he natives of this idand, w,hicl) he called the ^< e/Iflcof Lcperst
X X X Leftrtf

L 11 '
Ik

I'll

liM M

'fm:

ijU

)

THE VOYAGE OF

Ltptri, fiom obfcrving thit m«ny of the inh;ibitant«
wi'ic •iflii'txl with (he Icpiufy : Sumu of ihem an
niulattocs, aiiJ otl.cii pcifc£l iu'grn«( their hair it
«voully, 411)1 urencrally bUck, but in dime inllancrt
very ln-ht-brnwii, approitching to yellow. Kcw wo-
nivil were luen .iinoii); ihciiii but th<ilc lew wrrc
e(|iijlly dil'.iKrccahlc .i» the men, who urc icpreli:iiti;J
•H Inw in llulurc, ill Ijvuurcd, mid ililiiropdrtidiubly
made.

The women of ihii lingular ciiuntry carry tliiir
chlMrrii ill a b.ig of cloth, IIumj/ at their back*. On
thcfe clothi tlurc are elegant drawings in a fine dye
of crimfDii, The iiofi'H of the nun arc pierced and
liuii^ witli orn.imciit« \ and it is prcl'umed, that they
pliiclcnut their beards, as none ol them were obfervrd
to ha\e anv. I'hcy wear a bracelet on the arm, which
had the appearance of ivory, and pitn-s of tortoife-
(helli round their neck*. Clubs, llones, bows and
arrows form the armour of tliefc people, the arrows
are made of reeds pointed with bone. On the points
of thcfe bones are inverted darts, which prevent the
arrow's being drawn without trarinR the (bill of the
wounded perfoii. The boats of thefe in.mders bore n
Urong refembl.ince to thofe of the Indians of the Ille
of Navigators, but thefe vellels did not approach the
fllips fo near as to furnifh the French with an op-
portunity of giving a defcription of their conllrui^tion.
— Near the beacli on which M. Uuugainville landed,
is a lofty bill, extremely ftccp, yet cloathed with a
fuper-abundance of verdure. The vegetable produc-
tions of the lUe of Lepers, are far inferior to thofe
of Otaheitc, owing, a is fiippofed, t<i the lightiiefs
of the foil, and its want of depth. Figs of a fpecies
not before known, were found in this cniiiitry, and
ll'VCr.M paths were li;en cut through the tvoojs, and
inclofed by pallifudocs about ."i yard in heiuhr. Ir was
conjerturcd, that thefe inclofures niarkej the bounil-
aries of tlic landed pioiierty of difjerent pcrfoiis. Half
.1 dozen hovels only were fecn, into which no per-
fon could enter but upon hands and knees, yet the
inhabitants were very rumcroiis, and it is fup|)ofed
they niuft be very miferablc, from the perpetual wars
among the natives of difTcrent diflricts on the illand.
M. H'Mig tinville fays, that the found of a drum, harfli
and dilFunant to the ear, was frequently heard in the
wood, near the top of the above-mentioned hill j and
this he ima!;ines to have been a fignal for the Indians
to rally their forces ; for no fooner h.id the difcharge
of the fire-arms difperfed the multitude, than this
drum was heard, and when the iflanders in enmity
with the othcrs.appcar(d, the drum was beat with ful-
pendcd violence.

Aotourou formed a very contcm])tible opinion of
the inhabitants of the I (Ic of Lepers, whole perfons
.appeared beyond dcfcriptiun odious in his eyes) and of
whofe Unguage he had not tlie digliteft idea.

On the aja more land was dilcovered, which On
the 25th was obfcrved to enclofe almoll all the hori-
-/on, fo that the fliips were furroundcd in one cxtcn-
fivc gulph, while the coaft of the newly difcovercd
country contained many other gulphs, or large in-
lets, acrofs which feveral boats were obferved rowing
from one (horc to the other.

'I'hc night of the 25th was fpcnt in tacking, and
in the mornint it was obferved, that the currents had
carried the vellel feveral miles more to the fouth than
their reckoning. The number of ides now fecn was
fo great, that they could not \-<c counted, nor could
the end of the cxtcnfivc cotintrics be difcern«l. Steer-
inn north-wtfl by weft, the land had a very beauti-
fuf afpcift, being diverfified with fine trees, between
fpots of land that had the u^ipearancc of being culti-
vated. Some parts of th mountains being oarrcrt,
and fpottcd in different places with a red earth, M.
I)oii!;ainvillcconje«5tuitsfrom that circumflance, that
thty contained (ome mineral fubftanccs.

A great inlet to tJie weftward having been fecn on
the preceding day, the ftlps now arrived in it, and
faw a numlvr c'' negro Indians on the fouth coaft of
tt, whil'j others apprvached the veflch in' their boats,

but when they came to vbout the diftanri* rif a muf-
i|iK't-fhot, they would advance i"' nearer, nor cuulJ
any fi^n of invitation lioni the French inJun them
tu alter ihcir rvlulution. — I'hc land on the iioi ih Ihore
IS ol 1 moderate hei^>ht, and cloathiil v\itli tiei>. i)M
this ftiorc many in'ros wue letii, and fevctal liiijt<
put otl' lotvnrds the lliips 1 but thele, like the liwoici,
refufed to cuine oil board. At the ililtaiice of about
el^^ht iiiiU'S from this Ipot, two illalids Wire fern,
which liirmed the entrance of a line b ly, \vli:cli tht
boats were lent to examine, and after thev had Uvn
u;one a few hour*, the found of mul(|uets was hemJ,
Willi h nude the cniiimodore very uncaly. On their
ivtiiiii in the evening it appeared, that one of (hem,
in diiiihcdience tu the orders of the commander, had
left her conlort, and going near on Ihori, the Indians
difeliarged two arrows at the crew, which outr:ii;e wi«
retiiriud by the niuftjuetry, and liirnc lar^'er gun^. \
proii ttingpomt ol land prevented the boat's beiii^lccn
limn the fhips, but the inci ll'ant firing induced the
commodore to ima^^ine, that Ihe was eii;;agrd with a
very laiiic number ;>f the enemies boat>, twool wliicb
flv: li.nl certalnl) encountered.

I'repaiatioiis were making for diipatching the long-
boat to her alliftaiice, when Ihe w.i> dcfcried, coming
round the above-mentioned point nf land.

'I'he drums were now heard inccflantly beatinir,
and the cries of the wounded Indians, who rclrc:itiil
to ilie woods. •' i iminciliatcly made ligiial to the boat
(fays he) to come on board, and I took my meaturis
to prevent our being difhonouied for the future, by
luch anabufcofthu funeriority of our po«ct." The
country laft-mentioned, confined of a number of finall
iflands, off which there is tolerable yood anchorage,
but at fiich a diftaiice from the co.ilf, that a Ihip
could not cover any boats that (hould land, which,
as the illands are cloathed with thick woods, would
be the more nccelfary. Thcfe Indians went nakril,
and, except a bandage round the waift, wore the fame
kind of ornaments as thofe on the Ifland of Lc|>ers,
whom they rcfembled in all refpcdls, except not beinf(
quite fu black ; and the produ£iions of the illanit
Acre likewifc the fame. '1 he commodore very pro-
perly declined any attempt to trade with thefe people,
whom he could not fuppofe would barter their eftefit
with thofe from whom they had received fucli iJcn-
tial injuries. On the morning of the 27th they again
failed, and, in a few hours had Tight of a fine planta-
tion of trees, between which there were regular walks
refembling thofe of an Kuroiican gxrden. JVlany of
the natives were fecn near this fput, and as an inlet
was obferved at no fmall diftance, the commodore
ordered the boats to be lioilfed out, but they fouud
that it was impra^icablc to land.

The fhips now quitted the great clufter of iflands
they had lately vilitcd, which received the ceneral
name of The Archipelago of tht great Cydn/let, which it is Arcliipclafo
conjeiSiired, occupies no leis than three degrees of "*••« peas
latitude, and five of longitude. M. Houpainvifie faysj^?^*'*"*"-
that thefe ifland) are not the fame that (juiros calleit
Titrra AuJIral del Ej^irit$ Santo ; but that Roggevvein
faw the northern extremity- of them, which he deno-
minated Gttuin^en, And Titnhn'en. Our author now
recites a very fingular faiSt : On board the (tore-fliip
was a pcrfon repoitcd to be a woman, which was al-
moft confirmed by her want of beard and voice, and
her ftiapc. The commodore going on bosrd the
Fitoile, enquired into the faift, when the party con-
fefl'cd her fex, while floods of tears ftreamcd down her
face : her ftory is extraordinary. — Born in Burgundy,
and left an orphan, (he was ruined by the fatiu ifi'ue
of a law fuit ; on which (he rcfolvcd to drop (he
habit of her fex, and fcrved a gentleman at Parish
but hearing of M. Bougainville's intended expedition
round the world, (he repaired to Rochfort, whercjull
before the (hips embarked, (he entered into the fcrvicc
of M. de CommcrTm, who went out with a view of
incrcafmg his botanical knowledge. She folIo;ved her
mafter, with aftonifhing courage and refolution,
through deep fnows to the hoary tops of the inoun-
7 taiaj

.«^:v

Is
Lt

lis Arclu|«l«r«
jf erf il* f««

I'P
|1-

M. n () U O A I N V I T, I, r.

'SO

lalni in ihe flrrighit of Maghcllan, carrying ]om\* of
herht, plinli, arm!, and provifinnii, with iiiilJH'ak.ilil<-
cnaragr md unwearied tnil. While our ilJvcnlu^('r^
Were atOlahcile, ihe men of tli.it illand floekrd rotiiid
our lu-roine, and cxclaiminj;, " thi« in ;i wnni.in,"
would have treated her ai fuch, but thit an ntficcr
refcutd her from their handa, and nrdcrrd h'-r to K'
delivered, unvidl.itcd, on boaril the fliip. M. Ilou-
g.iinvillc obfervea, that this it tlie firit woman lliat
ever circumnavigated the globe, and rcnurlcs on iI\l'
fingularity of her fituation, if the fliiiH ftioulJ liavf
been wrecked on fomc defart iflc jii the great octan.
The name of this extraordinary wonun is Hare ; and
fhe in a« celebrated for her chaHity at licr louranc.

On the nipht between the 4ih and 5(h «( Juiw,
fome breaker* were fcen at half a league dlllaiu-i', In
the light of the moon. In the morning it :i|)|Hari'd
to be a low, flat, fandy ifle abounding in bir>N, which
received the name of the Shut cf Diuita, About this
period fcvcral fpccicn of fruit, and fonic piicct of
wood floated by the (hip, and a kind of flying lilh u.ii
fecn, larger than the common fort, the body ol winch
wat blacK, and the wing* red. A fand-b.ink w.Kilii'-
covered on the 6th, on which the fea broke violi ntly,
ind the topt of rocks were feenat intermediate fparc«.
At thii time the fait provifions on board were become

fo putrid, that it was almoll impolEble for men, even

nnc to fwall
foie the rats were induftrioufly fought after, and eaten

on the point of Ihrving to fwallow them ; and there-

in prefercncctothcm. The remaining pcafe would ferve
only forty days, and the bread two monthn ; fo that
it become highly nccclTary to think of ftevring to the
northward.

On the lotli, before day-break, an agreeable fr.i-
gvancy impregnated the air, announcing that land
was near I anil it was accordingly dilcovercd before
fuii-rifing. This is dcfcribed as r molt delicious
country, divided near the fea-coalk into groves and
plains, behind which the land rife:: in the form of an
amphitheatre, till the top«of the mountain iie loft
ill the clouds. The moft :ofty of this chain of moun-
tains was fecii above fevcnty miles in-laiij. 'I'he
whole country appeared to be rich and fertile, but the
di'plorable fituation the (hips companies were re-
duced to, would not admit of their Haying to fake a
more aci-urate furvey of it. On the loth a prodiy;ious
ftvell from the fouth-call drove the (hips violently to-
wards land, and they were foon within about two
miles of it ; and the night was pafled in this dangerous
fituation, taking advantage of every flight breeze to
clear the fliore. A number of boats were now fien
coafting the iflaiid,on many parts of which Cues were
olil'erved. A turtle was found here in the belly of a
(liark. For fevcral fucciflive days there was fo thick
a fog, that the Boudcufe was obliged to fire frequent
guns to keep company >vi'.h the Ltoile, on board of
which was a part of their provifions. Several (hell
(ilh, called cornets, leaped into the (hip in the
night, and it is known of thefe (i(h, that they arc
acciiftonicd to keep at the bottom of the fea, it is evi-
dent that the velTcIs muft have been in very fliallow
water. On the i6th the weather became fine, and
on the following day fcveral iflands were difcovered,
one of which was called, VJbant-, from its fimilitude to
the ifland of that name. By this time our voyagers
were reduced to very great extremities. Thcallow-
ancc of bread and pcafe w.ts confiderably reduced ; and
a fear of the confequences that might arife, obliged
the commodore to forbid the eating of leather.* On
the i8th not lefs than nine or ten iflands were difco-
vered, and on the loth, a flill farther number. The
navigators now ftruggled at once with a variety of
inconveniences occauonedby foul fhips, damaged rig-
ging, crazy mails and tcmpeftuous weather. On the
25tn, high land was difcuvcred, which appeared to

* There \1K yc( on boanl a flic-eoat, which had been lirought
from FalkhntIN Idanclt ; (he yieUlcd milk daily i but this wai
inluflicicni to f«vc lier life, the llirving ere* ilcmimlcil tlic vic-
lim, *iul the butcl.cr \shc had hill\ertu been her tccOcr, wept as

terminate in I cape, which ihry doubled with a ilc- x-M

grt'c of Iranfpurt that may he inure catily iMiiedM-d ^^^"^^

than detenbid, as it w.ii the point they h.iJ williid

lor a light ol, Ironi a cett.iiiity that if wouM en.ihlo

thrill t.i ijiiit the Archl|iil.i",fi el illiii.N, iimidlt

wliieh ih' y had bien loiii; in limiily ilaiijM.rs ct lliip-

witck or llauin;^. 'I his cape was calkil C'm/ii' /^^- •■"■ir« fVllvj.

Intiiinu, and the ii urn nfihe giilph of ilie I/oinfi.ide, \"".'\

wi»(;iven tu the hay, nf whieh the c !(•. forms the ^^''^^'' ''''"■

e.ilhiinoll noint. — North of C'.ipe Dellvi ranee,

about (ixty leaguev, land was dil'iovertd, whieli jiiuv-

td to Ik' two liiiall iflaii.K ; and two day-, aficrwardi

an oflicir «as lent to examine I'lveral crnks, in the

hop" ol liiiding amhorage, while the iliips faileil

llowlv alter the boats feady to join them on the tirll

ri-n.if.

The natives now advancid fo^anls the iliip in fe-
viial boats, carrying from two or thrct to iipwaida
of twenty men e.ich. Thi I'e boats had ii'iont-nggcr",
and till ir crews wen" as hlaek as the .i.iri-os on the
coall ofCiuinea, luine of them hid reildilh hair, and
that of .ill of them, were long and iiiil;d. They
wuie ^^!lite oriianRiits on llieir t'orcli:ai!> and neck,
anu wtie arnie* with lances and buw> ; they kept al-
mull a continual (houtine', and feemed r.ither inclined
for war than peace. When the boats returned on
board, the ofliccr reported, that the lea broke on all
parts i.f the coad, that he had found only one fmall
river, that the landw.is every way covered with wood,
and that the mountains ran down dole to the fea*
(hore. The natives dwell on the mountains, but they
havf .t few huts on the banks of Come of the fmall
creeks. Some of ihcin followed one of the Oiip'i
boati, and feeined alnioll refolvid on the attack ; ami
one of the Indians lepeatedly put himltif in an atti-
tude to have thrown his lance ; but he ilcfilKJ from
his puipoli; and no milichief was done.

M. Hoii!;ainvillc fays, that he was now .idvanced
too far to return ; hut that he hoped to find .i [MHagc,
thouj^h the wcither was fo foggy tint li • could iTot
difcern any objcit at the dillance of more than t«o
leagues. In the nioriiiiig of the ift of July, tlu' lliips
were juft on the ilation they hid quiiied the preced-
ing night, having been impelled fonvanl, and diivcn
b.icV, by the tides. Nothing remarkable happened
but the difcovcry of a race, in the middle of a pali'i'tic,
to which was given the name of D/nnis's Race, from P-nn^'s Rjcc
that of the ni.iftcr of the Boiideufe. 1 A race is a part
of any channel or ftreight where thercare oppofite tides,
or a rapid and dangerous current, and fuch arc even
fometimes met with in the open feas. Boats were
now fent to find anchorage in a fine bay ; and the ac-
count of their expedition is as follows : That a num-
ber of the Indian bo.its, in which were 150 of the na-
tives, armed with ihiclds, lances, and bows, came from
the banko of a rivulet on which their habitations were
fituated, and rowed hadily towards the French boats,
which they furroundcd, and, with hideous outcries,
began the attack with their bows and lances. The
I'Vench difcharged their mufqucts; but the n.-itivcs
covering thcnifelvc.t with their (hiclds, the fight con-
tinued till a fecond firing terrified them fo, that
they made a hafty retreat, funic of them fwimming tw
(hore.

'Fwo of their boats Were taken, on the ftcrn of
which was the figure of a man's head with a long
beard, the eyes being mother of pearl, the ears tor-
toife-(hell,andthclipsweredyedof a bright redibefides
their weapons and utenfils, there were found in their
boats cocoa-nuts, and fcveral fruits, the tpccies of
which were net known, the jaw of a man half broiled,
and various other things. Fhe natives of this coall
are negros, whofe hair curls naturally, and they have
a method of colouring it yellow, red, and white ;
their cloathing confilts only of a piece of matting

tound

he plunged the knife into the bread of hie favourite. Sona
after chit, • doe, which had been put on board at th«
Oteights of Magiiellan fell aUe *ricri6ce tg the <Jir« detnands
ol" liungcr.

26o

T H t VOYAGE OF

1768 roiind tluir waifts. Tl'is river ree<;ivi.il the nanii: of

" j~^ Jt\tf:iar'i Rivo , and the whole fpot, that ot tht ijlt

W'A'x'ct:, Ki- ,,,;,/ /iuy ^y C/joi/riil. 'J"wo ilays attenvaids a cape was
I;-." |.dil'i:ovcrcJ which was calle(U;rt/i* A'y/wriV/, on which

Cluiiilul ^' * were mountains of an alloniihing height. On the
la t L' AviT- 4''> other mountains had been difcovcrcd, from which
ili. came off five or fix Indians, and after lyinj; ontlieir

oars fomc time, they accepted Ibme trifles which were
thrown to them. They now exhibited fonie cocoa-
nuts, lading, houca, bouca, cncili- ! and fecnied ijreatly
pleated wlien the French repeated the fame w ords.
I'hcy then intreated that they would fetch fomc cocoa-
nuts, but thev had fcarcely lel't the fliip's fide, wlien
one of them difclwrgcd an ariu-.v, by which, how-
ever, no pcrfon was wounded. The people were al-
toi»cihcr naked, had long ears bored, and curled (hort
liair, which Ibme of them had dyed red, and they had
alfo white fpots on their bodies. Their teeth were
red, probably from the chewing of betel.
Bcelci fljnd. This ifland, which was named Bt):dii, appeared to
be cultivated, and, from the numb / of hits that
were fecn, it probably abounds with inhabitants. The
Cocoa-nut, and other trees, difperfed over a beautiful
plain, was a fufKcient tempation for landing, but the
rapidity of the current prevented the pollibility of it.
Two more idands were feen on the 5th, and, as
Wood and water were expended, and difeafe reigning
aboard, the commodore refolvcd to land here, and on
the following afternoon, the fhipscame to an anchor.
The caflvS were feiit on Ihorc, and tents crefted for
the ficlc, on a commodious fpot, where there were
lour rivulets ne.'^: together, and where wood for the
carpenters life, as well for burning, was very plenty,
there were no inhabitants near the place, lb that the
flclc had an opportunity of ranging the woods, fcarlefs
of any attack of the natives, andevery thing feemcd
toconfpire to render this fpot the nioft elij^ible imagin-
able ; but there was one great inconvenience, no fruit
could be found. Two huts were difcovercd on the
bank of a rivulet not far from the encampment, and
a boat, near which was feen the remains of fires,
fomc calcined (hells, and the (keletons of fomc ani-
mals heads, which were taken for thofe of the wild
boar, fome frclh bananas were found, which proves
that the natives lately left the place. This ifland pro-
duces a largi" blue creiled |)igeon, which h.asfo plain-
tive a note, that the feamcn miflook it for the cries of
men in the neighbourhood of the mountains.

M. Bougainville now relates an extiaordinary in-
cident : A fcaman being looking over the (hells, found
a plate ot lead, buried in the fand, on which the fol-
lowing letters were very vifible ;

nOR'D HERE

ICiC MAJESTY'S

The m?rk o.'" the nails with which the lead had been
falfentd appeared ; .ind it is plain that the natives muft
have torn off the plate and broke it. This circuni-
ft-nce gave rile to a diligent fearch, and, at about fix
miles Ironi the watering-place, the fpot was found
where the ]:;ngli(h had formed their encampment.
Several trees were lien which had been felled, and
iithers whicli had been fawn in pl'...es. A very large
and eonCpieuous tree was found, on which the infcrip-
tion h:'d been nailed j it (tood in the inidft of a fpa-
rimi^ plnce, and it appeared that the plate had been
pulled ilou n but a very fhort time. ?'!ierc were other
trees to whirh tlie ends of ropes were faikncd. One
of the trecL. which h.id been eiit down, had put forth
frefh twigs, .Tpparnntly of the growth of four months.
AI. Hougtiinville mentifined it as a very fingular cir-
cumllance, that, nrnidlt fo many iflands, he (hould

* An irUi'^ uf a moil wun^lciful texture was founil on this
ifl;uiJ, tlig Li>uy aiij \\\v^^ of which appeared f:i much like the
leaf ot" it tree ns {riircclv 10 be dillinguiiheft from it, even on
« nice iiilp'-'Oion. W'licn the wingb are extcniicd, tacli forms
llic hall c'l .1 le.nf, and when tlii:/ arc inclefcd it is uttirc. Tk''

happen to land on that fo lately vifticd bv a lival n»-
tioii. Jiiligcnl fearch was now made for t<iod and rc-
t're(hments, but almoft in vain ; for nuihiiig could Ik:
found but a few cabbage- trees, and thatch pLlins. Ki»
fiOi could be caught, and though a few wild b')..!i
were feen, not one of them was t.iken. A linall num-
ber of pigeons indeed were fliot, the IcAtliers of uliich
were of green and gold.*

N<i time was now lill in the ncccilary lepairs of
the (hips, and an equal divifion was made of the pro-
visions, which now began to run extremely (horr.
A third part of the late allowance of pcafe was taken
off. From the commodore, to the lowelt perlon on
board, all fared alike : their fituation, like death,
baiiifhed all dilfiniition. On the 13th, there was an
eclijjfe of the fun, which was clearly feen, and the
proper allronomical and nautical remarks made on it.
J'he name of Put Pnijlin was given to this harbour, Port I'radtn.
an infeription having been firft buried under the fp<»t
where the ecliple had been obferved.

The Etoile bring a light vellel, and there being no
ftones to ballalt her, after the provifions had been ta-
ken out, this important bufinefs was necellarily per-
formed with wood, a fatiguing and unwholelbinc
ta(!c in fo damp a country.

A lailnr who was hauling thefifliing-nct, in fearcli
of a fcarcc fifli called the Hammcr-oyiter, having
been bitten by a (hark whofe bite is poifonous, was
cured in a few hours by 1 profufe perfpiration, pro-
duced by taking flowcr-de-Iucc water and treacle.

Aotourou having remarked the piogrefs of the cure,
intimated that at Otah:ite there were fc«-fnakes,
whofe bite is mortal in every inftancc. On the 22d
repeated (hocks of an earth-quake were felt for about
two minutes. The fea rofe and fell fevcral times, (a
that the concuflions were felt on board the fliips. •
Notwithftanding the extreme bad weather which pre-
vailed, the crews divided into fcparate parties, went to
the woods every day, . hopes to (hoot fome turtle-
dove:, and gather cabbage-trees and thatch-palms :
but it gener.illy happened that they returned withaut
any fuccefs, and wet to the (kin. At length, how-
ever, they found fome mangle avplt,-, and a kind of
pruens, out too late to be of at.y fervice, as they were
now on the point of departure. A kind of ivy was
fuccelsfully applied in the cure of the fcurvy.

An immenfe cafcadc was feen, falling from nume-
rous rocks into a hundred bafons of water, and at
once (haded and adorned by (lately trees, fomc of which
grow even in the rcfcrvoirs. — The fituation of the
(hips companies now became fo dreadful, that no
timj could be lofJ. In the afternoon of the l^^b,
a favour.nUle breeze enabling the (hips to get to fea,
they failed accordingly, though the crew were dill in
a fad fituation.

M. Bougainville remarks that this country muft be
New Uiiluiii, and that the great buy muft be the fame
which Dampier calls St. Cicorge's Bay, but that he
had the happinefs to land on a part of it where his
wants could be fupplied by the inhabitants. A fuc-
ceflion of iflands having been feen in the offing, M,
Bougainville named them after the officers. The
lield-tents were now cut up, tomakc trowfers for the
fcamen, who had been repeatedly cloathed during the
voyage, to enable them to fuftain the inclemencies of
fo many difFeient climates. Hut the beft change of
cloathing was now delivered out ; and at this period
an ounce of bread was dcduiflcd from their fcanty
allowance. Their fait provifions were now lb bad, as
to be nau(eous in a high degree ; yet tlitir ftarving fitu-
ation impelled them to feed on them 1 but even at this
melancholy period, no one yielded himfelf a prey to
mclancholv ; and the failors, influenced by the ex-
ample of the otHcers, employed every evening in

dancing,

upper fide of>tl)c body is of a bright! r hue than the under fiarci,
aiid it has iix legs, the upper joims of which rcfemblc parts •£
leaves, Thiscuriolity was prcfitved in (piriis, and is in tlieci-
binetuf the Trench king.

M. B O U G A r N V I L L £.

j^j

dancing, clifptlling by thtir mirth, fomc of thcpnngi
•f liungtT. New Britain continued in figlit till tlic
beginning of Augulf, when the (hipstcing nearer to
land than they had bteii before, leviral Indiiins bonts
came off, the crews of whicli wercnegioj, with woolly
heads, which they had covered with powder. They
were tall and aflive, and wore no other cloiuha than
leaves round the middle. They held out Ibmcrhing
that had the appearance of bread, and invited the
French to land, but they refufed to enter the (hips,
though an aitempt was made to conciliate their fricnd-
ftiip, by prcfents of I'ome pieces of ftufF. They ac-
cepteil what was given, and threw a ftone from a flintj
in return ; in(hntl/ retreating, with loud vocifera-
tions. On the following day a large number alTcm-
bleJ along-fid" the Koudeufe ; a perfon, who had the
appearance of au'hoiity, carrying a red ftaff, knobbed
ate.tchcnd, in his hand. On approaching (he (hip,
he held his hand over his he.-.tl for a confiderable time.
The hair of tlicfe negroes .-. !■! painted red, fome of
them were adorned with fe^'-chers, ear-rings made of
the feed of fome herb, or circular plates defcending
from their necks ; others had the nofe pierced, and
rings ran through it, but the general ornament was a
bracelet, made of the half of a fhell. The French
were anxious to gain the efteem of thefe people,
but in vain; — they eagerly grafped at whatever was
given them, but would mnke no prefent in return.
The roots of a few yams were all that could be ob-
tained from them. Twoof their boats being obferved
approaching in the night, a rocket was fired, on which
they inftantly rowed ofF.

On the 3rft a number of Indian boats attacked the
Etoile with a volley of ftoncs and arrows, but by a
fingle difcharge of mufquetry, (he got rid of thele trou-
blcfome companions.

Two iflands were fecn on the 4th of Auguft, that
were fuppofed to be the fame as thofe called by Dam-
pier, Matthias and Stormy Iflands. A third illand was
fcen on the 5th, and afterwards they difcovcred the
northern point of New Britain.

They faw a flat ifland on the 7th of the fame month,
which abounded with cocoa-nut ti-'cs, and from the
houfes appearing on the (hore, feemcd to have been
well inhabited. To this they ga^-e the name of the
Ide of Audio- J[fl' of Anchartts. Many fifhing- boats were feen here j
rcii. but no notice was taken of the vcfl'el by the flthcr-

men. A great number of fmall iflands were difcovered
the next day, in the endeavour to clear which, the
commodore experienced many and great dangers. At
laft, however, he efle£led his purpofe, a breeze that
increafed with the rifing fun, greatly contributed to
liisdeliverancr.

Coafting along he afterwards came in fight jf two
lofty peaks, to which he gave the appellation of the
Two Cyclops. Twa Cyclops; and on the 15th faw two high moun-
tains upon the continent, near which were two fmall
iflands ; and two others were obfervod on the 23d,
when the French attempted to land j but two boats
crews fent for that purpofe reported that there were no
fruits fit for food growing upon them, and that they
were entirely uninhabited.

From the rippling of a flrong tide, it was this day
reported that there were breakers a-head ; and after-
wards the fhips actually pafTed over a flioal, but with-
out much dar.ger or damage. Forty of the company
were now afflK^cd with the fcurvy, of which M.
Denys, firft mafter of the Boudeufc died, greatly re-
gretted by his companions.*

Still furroundcd by iflands, t they now fteerei! a
foutherlycourfe, and on the following night faikd out
of this labyrinth, through a channel about three
leagues in width. There were a number of fmall
ifles feen on each fide of the channel, which they had

Vol. I. N" 23.

* The liberal ufc of wine And IcmonnJe, in fomc mcafurc
checked ilie progrci's of iliis cruel difnrilcr.

t None of thcin .ippearcl to be iiiU»biteil, th»ugh all «f tliem
were cUitlieJ wicb verdure.

denominated Frtnch Pufd^/. On tin- 26(li, they C.iW
a Imall ifland, ami afterwards a lUcp hill, which th( y "-■
called in thtir langur;;c, llig Thomas, and thrto iflands ' '
nrofc wcrcdilfoverud in tlie vicinity. '.,

To the fi)Ki'i-wc(t <jf Icvnal other ifles that wer«
fecn the next day, M. J}<Hi!.',ainville c;ave orders to a
boat belonr;in«; to the Etoile, to (ieer 111 qucft of an-
cliora-^e, and for the fake of enquiring into the na*
ture of their produce. On two of thtH- the crew
landed, but had no reaibn to fuppofe that Wiey were
inhabited, and the French werejuft on the point of
returning when an Indian made up to the boat, to
whom they intimated that they wire in want of re-
frefhinent. This man profcnted thi-ni with a kind of
meal and fome water, in return for which he received
a handkerchief, a lookinj^-glafs, and fomc other tri-
fles, at which he fecmed to laugh, as Ihinkin;;' ihciu
below his notice, from whence it might reafonnbly lis
concluded that he had come from one of the neigh-
bouring Dutch fcttlcments.l However, a turtle of
20olb. weight was t.ikcn by the crew of the Houdculi.

The commodore difcovered the ifland ot Ccram,
on the laft day of the month. This place is partly
wild, and partly cleared. It is mountainous, and
runs in a parallel eaft and weft. A numbtr of tires
which the adventurers obferved upon it, intimated that
it was well peopled. Earlv in the niornin;.', on the
firft of September, the French found themfclves
at the entrance of a bay, on the banks of which they
beheld a number of fires. They foon obfcrvtil two
boats under fail, conftrufted on the plan of thofe of
the Malays. A Dutch pendant was now lioilted, and a
gun fir«l, but the commodore confefles his error in thii
procedure, as the people of Ceram are at variance with
the Dutch, whom they havcalmoft totally routed from
their ifland. M. Bougainville having bicn thus un-
fuccefsful through miftake, returned from the bay,
and employed the reft of tho day in plying be
tween the iflands Bonao, Kclan?, and Manepo.— —
Sometime before midnight, a number of fires attracted
their attention to the ifland of Bocro, where there is
a Dutch factory, well provided with the necetiary re-
frcfliments.

The above-mentimied Dutch faftory is at the en-
trance of thegulphof Cajell, which the French had
fight of at day-break. The joy on this occafion is not
to be exprefied, for at this time not half the feamen
were able to perform any duty : and the fcurvy had
raged fo violently, that no man on board was pcrfcrtly
clear of it. What few provifions were on board were
abfolutely rotten, and flunk intolerably. Thus cir-
cumftanced, their change of fituation mull have been
peculiarly happy. From midnight the fragrant breeze
had wafted the aromatic favour of the plants, which
abound in the Moluccas. " The afpedl, (fays our
author) of a pretty large town, fituated in the bottom
of a gulph, of fliips at anchor there, the cattle
grazing in the meadows, caufcd tranlports which I
have ftit, but which I cannot defcrib<-.*' Thecoin-
inodui-c hoifteil Dutch colours, and fired a "un ; but
though feveral boats were tailing in the bay, none of
them came along-fidc. In a few hours a pir.'.gua,
rowed by Indians, advanced towards the (hip, and the
commanding officer inquired in Dutch « ho they were,
but refufed to go on board. M.Bougainville, how-
ever, proceeded under all his fails, and in the after-
noon came to an anchor oppofite the f.ii;(ory.

The Dutch foldiers, one of whom fpoke French,
now came on board the Boudeulc, d.'manding the rca-
fon of the commodore's entering that port, when hi:
mufl: know that the (hips of the Dutch Kalt Indii
Company had an exclnfive right to thit privilege.
He was anfwered in br.,'", that neccflity was the mo-
tive; that hunger mull preclude the force of treaties,
V y y and

Llicli 1 a'-.-

'PI

¥ 'I

i: I

X Mcanini;, upon the iflamls formeiK' fever, liut liy cartli-
luiikf., iliofc fcoui get of nature, teduci:!! now 10 five in nuintitr
:>ill-.

262

THE VOYAGE OF

1-68 ami that tlify would lU-part as foon as their wants
t ' were fupplicd. The fuldicis foon returned with the
copy of an order from the governor of Amboyna, who
prcfidcs over the rcfident of Boero, forbiddinj; him to
admit foreign fliips into that port. The rcfident,
therefore, intreated M. Bougainville to declare in
writing the caufe of his putting in there, that he
might tranfmit fuch declaration to the governor of
Amboyna, in juftification of his own conduct. This
requelt being complied with, all difficulties were at
an end, the refiJent having performed his duty as a
I'ervant of the company, was anxious to difcharge the
fuperior duties of hun)anity. The commodore and
his oHiccrs vifitcd him on ihore, were received in the
moft friendly manner, and accepted his invitation to
i'uppcr.

'I'he refident :''v'. his company beheld with equal
plcafure and furprife the efteiils that hunger had on
the appetite; of the guefls, nor were they willing to
eat themfelves, leall they flioulJ (' ,; '■" their
X ifitants of their full fliare of the repaii M.
Bi)ug;}invillc profeflcs that he was fiipremely happy,
hecaufe he had previoudy fent on board what would
bean equal feaft to both the fliips companies. A con-
traiSt was now made, that while the ihlps ihouUl re-
main in that harbour, vcnifon Ihould be daily fupplicd
to the crews, that eighteen oxen, a number of fliecp
and poultry, and a quantity of rice (to fupply the
place of brc.-id) fliould be put on hoard. The refident
was lilcewife kind enough to furnifli the fick with
a quantity of pulfe from the company's garden, but
much could not be obtained, as it is not generally
cultivated on the ifland. The Ack were now brought
on fli'ire, and the majority of the feamen were like-
wife iiidulL;ed in walking about for their health and
picdfure. The commodore hired the (laves belonging
to the company to fill the water-calks, and to carry
the fevcral necclFaries on board. M. Bougainville
and his officers were gratified with the pleafure of
flag-hunting, and he mentions the deer of this coun-
try as mod exquifite food. The Dutch originally
tranfported them hither. This ifland is ilefciibed as
a delightful compofition of woods, hills, plains, and
well cultivated vallics. The town of C.ijcli, aiul
about 14 Indian dwellings, formed the Dutch fettle-
ment. A ftone fort which the Dutch had originally
creiled, was accidently blown up in the year 1689;
fmcc which time it has h.nd no inclofure but that of
pallifadocs, with a battery of fix fmall cannons.
About fifty white people ar^ all that rcfide on the
ifland, of whom a lerjeant and twenty-five men, com-
manded by tiic refijcnt, form a part. The negros
who refide in the interior parts of the country (ub-
fiU by the cultivation of rice.

The Moors and the Alfourians arc the genuine
natives of this country, the former are protected by
the Dutch failory, who endeavour to infpire iheni
with the dread of all foreigners. Thefe people arc
principally kept in awe by the influence of their own
chiefs, for whom the Dutch refident profeflcd a fincere
regard.* The natives of Boero arc not treated as
flavcs of the Dutch, their flavcs being procured from
the iflands of Ccram or Celebes. Unlimited freedom
and independance appear to reign among the Alfou-
rians, who, refidingori the mountains in the interior
parts of the ifland, fubfilt on the produce of their
huntine, with fruits and f.igo. It is prel'umcd they
are not Mahometans, hecaufe they eat fwinc's flefti.
The principal people ainong tin; .Alfourians pay oc-
cafional vifits to the Dutch rcfiilent.

Ihe chief proJuets of this ifland arc various kinds
of v.ood, particularly bl.ick and white ebony; and
thcic is a line plantation of pc])p;r. 'I'hc fruits arc
pinc-spplcs, citron', lemons, bitter oranges, (had-
docks, b.inana^, and cocoa-nuts. Very good barley
is likewii'c a produce of this country. Parrots, and

' Dutch )v)1ic\, in (Im^, as in all tlicir other fettUnient, is
lUc fjinc, !;>' lomcnting a jvaloufy aiiici.g the chiefs of their re-

a varietv of other birds, many of thfni < xttcintl;'
beautiful, abound in the woods. I'lieie is likewiiu
the wild cit, w hole bag under the belly ferves for the
conveyance of its young. The bats and ferpents ate of
an enormous (iic, the latter of which are faiil 10 have a
fwallow capacious ctiough for the reception of a whole
(hecp. 'Inhere is a fnake too, which polling itf;;lf to
the trees, darts into the eye of the paflcnger who
happens to look up, and the bite of this aniin.il i»
certain death. Crocodiles of an aftonifliing fize re-
fide on the banks of the rivers, devouring fuch beafts a»
fall in their way ; and men are only prote<5ttd from their
fury by carrying torches. M. Bougainville airerts,that
thefe crocodiles, which roam for prey in the night,
have been even known to teizc people in their bouts.

The name of the refident at Boero is Ouinnn, he
is by birth a Batavi.in, and is married to a native of
Amboyna. He lives in great elegance and (pleudour,
attended by no lefs than 100 flaves. M. Bougainvillo
fpcaks of his politcncfs and hofpit.ility in very high
terms. After having twice regaled the French ofliceti
in the ceremonious way, he bid adieu to all fct fonn>,
but his houfe was rn.iifantlya* op'ii tothcmasif itIiaJ
been their own ; they always found good viands atul
liquors, and our author thinks this was no iiiconfi-
derable degree of civility to penfons, lo lately on
the point of (tarving. The lefident's houfe is con-
ftrutitcd in the Chinefe tade, in the middle of a gar-
den, which is interfcdlcd by a river ; the houfe itfcif is
elegantly furnilhed. Its approach is through an ave-
nue of trees, which are planted down to the fea-fide.
The wife and daughter were habited in the Chinefe
manner, and were no way deficient in the ed'ential
rcquclls of good breeding. Their chief employ con-
fills in making nofegnys, and lllccling flowers pro-
per for diftillation. The aflonifhmcnt of Aotourou,
at the firO fight of an Euiopcan fcttlcment, may
be morecafily conceived than deicribed. He regarded
every objetft with an intenfencfs of curiofity fcarccly
to be fatisfie<l, but he was particularly charmed with
the hofpitality of the Dutch. He fuppofed every
thing freely given, as he did not fee any thing re-
turned by way of barter. M. Bougainville fays, that
he behaved feiifibly withrefpeil to the Dutch, to whom
he intimated the conl'equence he w.is of in his own
country, and that his prefent voyage was merely
plcafurablc, with friends whom he eftcemcd. His
ctuiflant praiilice was to imitate the manners of the
French, both in their vifits, antl in their rural amule-
mcnts. 1'he knees of this Indian being diftorted, he
attributed to that circuiiillance, his not being taken
with the commodore on his vifit to the refident, and
aiilually defired fomeof the feamen to prcfs their weight
on his kncts to make them (trait. He would
frequently enquire whether I'aris was as grand a
place as Boero. Though the French were only fix
days on (hore, the healthful air of the place, had (o
far contributed to the recovery of the fick, that by the
help of the rcfreflimeuts now ready to be put on
board, it wis very poflible to perfect the cure at fea.
The fick people were conveyed to the fliips in the
morning of the 7th, and before evening every one
was on board, in expectation of the land-brec/,c, by
which after much di(ficultv in weighing the anchor,
they were enabled to fail about an hour before mid-
night, and get clear of the gulph of Cajeli before
morning.

Having coafted the ifland of Boero, the ifles of
Manipa and Kilang wcie fccii on the morning of the
8th, and on the 9th they had fight of the ifl.ind of
Xullabcflic, where the Dutch have a fadtory, named
Cleverblad, that is, clover leaf. There is a garrifon
confiftiiig of twenty-five men, under the <lifciplinc of
a ferjeant, and commanded by a perfoii who holds no
higher rank than book-keeper to the Dutch £a(l In-
dia Comp.-iny. On the loth the commodore buried

his-

fpeflivc ilcpcndinis I — a phit it no fooncr formed by one chief,
than it ii revealed by another,

M. BOUGAINVILLE.

his taylor, who fell a facrifice to the fcurvy, encrcafal
when on the point of cuic, by an excelTivi: drinlciiii;
of brandy. On the morning of tlic nth they had
fight of the i.land of Wawoni, and in a few hours
faw that of Buton, the ftrcights of which they en-
tered on th.- following day, and obferved a veflil of
a fquare form, ranging the (horc, and towing a pira-
gua. The French ftiips were no fooner obferved by
this veflel than flic furled her fail, and concealed licr-
fclf behind a fmall illand. A French fcaman, whom
M. Bougainville had engaged at Bocro, faid that the
veflel in queftion was manned by a fct of Indian pi-
rates, who made a pradicc of taking prifoncrs in
order to fell them. In the afternoon the fliip failed
bv a beautiful port on the coaft of Ceh-bts, the
view of which was moft delightfully vari.igatcd by
mountains, hills and valleys, and clothed with an
exuberance of verdure. In a few hours afterwards
the ifland of Pangafani was in fight, to the northward
of which appeared the highcft mountains of Celebes.
Pangafani is a flat ifland abounding in trees, and our
author conjectures, that it produces fpices ; it is
however certain, lliat it is well inhabited, from the
number of fires that were fecn on it djring the night.
On the morning of the 13th the fliips wire furround-
cd with Indian boats, bringing paroquets, cockatoes,
fowls, eggs, and bananas, which the natives fold for
Dutch money, or exchanged for knives. Thcfe peo-
ple were i' , itants of a confidcrable diftridt on the
mountains Jt Buton, oppofitc the phce where the
fhips lay at anchor. On this fpot the hmd is cleared
and cultivated, the property of different perfons
being divided by ditches. Some of the fields are in-
clofed by hedges, and there are houfes in thefe fields,
befides whicli there arc fcveral villages.

The produce of this country confitts in potatoes,
yams, rice, maize, &c. and the bananas are deemed
as good as in any part of the world. Pine-apples,
cocoa-nuts, and citrons, are very plentiful. The
natives, arc of a brown complexion, ordinary features,
and low of ftature. They profefs tlic Mahometan
faith, and fpcnk the language common in the Mo-
lucca irtes. They are very honelt, though expert
traders. They offered M. IknigainviUc foinc pieces
of coarfe cloth ; but he does not fay whether he dealt
with them or not, he alkcd them for fomc nutmegs,
wliich they faid they procured from the Ifland of
Ceram, and the neit^hbourhood of Banda 1 and his
remark is, that the Dutch cannot fupply tliem from
thofe places. The coal! of Pangafani isdefcribed as
rifing in rhe form of an amphitheatre, from the level
')f tlie coaft which he imagines is frequently over-
flowed, becaufc the dwellings of the nati vvs were oh
feived to be fituated on the flope of the hills. The
people of Buton confider rhe inhabitants of Pangafani
as pirates, and each paity is provided again!! the at-
tacks of the other by a d.agger, which is always worn,
{luck in the girdle.

The ftiips failed on the morning of the 14th, but
coming to anchor in a few hours afterwards a num-
ber of piraguas furroundcd the Boudeufe, one of
which hoilling Dutch colours, the reft retreated, that
flic might come along-fide. It appeared t^iat this boat
belonged to one of the chiefs of the country, to whom
alone the Dutch permit the diftimflion of carrying
their colours. M. Bougainville failed again on the
15th, and in the .afternoon of that day difpatched his
barge after a boat which w ns fecn in a large bay, with
a view to procuic a pilot, and the boat rculily came,
having an Indian on board, who, for thirteen ftiillings
readily engaged in the pilotage, but his intended fcr-
vicrs were rendered iinneLeft'ary, by the fun happening
to fliine with gre.it hillrcon a fpot which dircftcd
their paifiiig out of the channel. As oppofing winds
and tides now obliged the ftiips to come to an anchor,
the piragu.as come off in great numbers, bringing
pieces of cotton, articles of curiofity, and variety of
refrelhments. At the approach of evening, the fliips
got clear of the narrow paf^, and anchored in Bu-
ton Bay.

The coaft of Buton abouiiiU in inclofiircs proper

for the Ciilehing fifti, while the rilings are befjjiejd * . '

with habitations. The opiiufite fliore is perpendicu-
lar; ami after pafllng the galley both fults are ftecp,
hanging in fomc place.i over the channel. The coaft
of Pangafani has two or three fmall houfes on it,
though it is little ell'e than a folid rock, yet well
cloathtd with trees. The Indian pilot above-men-
tioned gave the beft inftruetions in his power, rcfpcdt-
ing the mode of pafling the gut ; but he ;ippcared to-
tally unfkiUed in the Kuropcan art of navigation.
Another Indian, fuppofed to be the pilot's f.ithcr,
went on board the Boudeufo in the morning, and re-
mained till theevening. Thty both drnnk plcntifuilv
of brandy, but would eat only bananas, and chcv\- be-
tel, abfolutcly refufing to tafie of the fhip's pro-
vifions. On the morning of the 17th, while tlie lhip>
were under fail, the Indians came oft' in great num-
bers, bringing fruit, poultry, and eggs, which they
fold at fuch moderate rates, that even the common
feamen could poffefs thcmfebcs of thofc refiefliments,
in very great abundance.

This morning five of the Oiencmn, or chlet's of
Buton, came oft' in a boat of the European form, with
Dutch colours hoifted at its poop. Thefe people were
drefl'ed in jackets and long breeches, with turbans,
and each of them had a filver headed cane, with the
company's mark on it. They gave M. Bougainville
a roe-burk, and received in return, each a quantity
offilkftuft's. They paid many compliments to the
French nation, fo freely drinking the health of his
moft chriftian majefty, and the king of Buton,
that they were at length, obliged to be helped
down the fliip's fide into their boats. The commo-
dore inquired of the Orcncaies, whether any fpices
grew on the ifland of Buton, to wliich they replied
in the negative, and werceafily credited, on account
of the weaknefs of tlie Dutch fettlemcnt, which is
nothing more than a few huts, built of the bamboo
cane, and inclofed with pallifadoes. The guard, on
the part of the company, confifts only of a ferjcant
and three men. The coaft oppofite Buton is incloled,
cultiv.ated, and well peopled, nor is the ifland itfelf
Icfs populous, or lefs fruitful.

In tlie morning the Indian pilot vifited the com-
modore and informed him, that the fouth-caft wind
would blow frcftieft exaflly at noon. This proved
to be ftridly true, anil was a circumftance fo well
known tothc natives, that all the boats which had fur-
roundcd the fliip retired before the I'un had gained
the meridian.— M. Bougainville, taking advan-
tage of the pilot's advice, got out to fea with a fair
wind, fteering for the Ifland of Saleyor, which he
difcovercd on the i8th. On this ifland the Dutch
have a fmall fcttlement, the principal refident at
which is the book-keeper. This day at noon there
iflands were difcovcred, which were called A'a;//j ^'""1' "lint?,
Ijland, South IJlancl, a^d IJlc cf PaJJai,, ; which lift was ^''"'''''''r"':''
io denominated from the fliips pafling near it, f jr the l''illJii='
advantage of a fafe navigation. By day-light on the
19th they were within about a league of the coaft of
Celebes, which is dcfcribed as one of the fineft coun-
tries in thefe parts. Immcnfe herds of cattle

graze on the plains, which .ire adorned with groves,
whilethccoaft is onecontiniiedplant.-tion of the cocoa-
nut-tree. The plains are in moft places cultivated
and covered with houfes, while the mountains be-
hind them add dignity and ornament to the landfcapc.
This day M. Bougainville chaced a Malayan boat,
in hope of obtaining a pilot, acquainted with the
coaft, but flic fled at his approach, nor even brouaht
to, after he had fired feveral guns at her. He con-
jedtures that the Boudeufe was niiftaken for a Dutch
ftiip, and obfervcs that the generality of people on
the coaft arc pirates, who arc always made flavcs
when they arc taken by the Dutch. The fliips hav-
ing, durii.g the evening, ftecred between an ifland
named Tanakcka, and three fmall ifles, orders were
given at midnight, to carry .all the fail poflibic, ;a
order to come within fight of the ifles fcf Alambar.
7 At

111

THE VOYAGE O

1768

At mlilniglit, between the 21ft and 2n!, a boat
was olil'trvcd ailv;mcing towards the fhips ; but tho'
guns «erc fired, fhe bore ofF in the apprehenfioii, as
lonjciilurcd, that they were Dutch veiUls.

Ill the afternoon ot the 22d, the north-caftof Ma-
ilura w;is I'cen from the malt-licad, and a number of
fifhing boats were obferved, fotre at anchor, and fomc
tinployedin their bufincf!!. On the followini; morn-
ing four fljips were 'l-en, two of which hoiftcd Dutch
colours, and one or them was fpokcn witli by the
Boudeuff, which proved to be a fnow from Mal.icca,
bound fur Japara. M, Uou^ainvillc now coaitcd the
land of Java, the ftiorc of which is level, but the
interior country abounds in lofty mountains. At
fun-rife on the 26th, the coait of Java appeared. In
the afternoon the commodore fpoke with a Dutch-
m.in who commanded a boat bound for the illes of Am-
boyna and J'ernatc, who hid that, according to his
reckoning, he was then twenty-fix leagues from Ba-

tavia. Having come to an anchor for the night,

the ftiip failed early in the momiilg of the 27th,
and on the following night, came to an anchor,
in the fear of having even part the port of Batavia ;
but having fight of the cniich of that town in the
morning, they proceeded, and foon anchored in t!ic
road, happy, after fo many toils, difficulties and
dan;;ers, to have reached a fpot which they conceived
Would foon put a period to all their mis/ortunes, by
infiiring them a fafc arrival in Europe.

M. Bougainville refolved to make his ftay at Bata-
via as fhort as poffiblc, but the want of bifcuit, a fuffi-
cient quantity of whii.li was not baked, compelled
him to ftay longer than lie had intended. A Dutch of-
ficer came on board, with a written paper, of which the
Frenchman undcrftood not a word, but the cockfwain
having enquired who their vifitants were, demanded
a certificate written and figned by the commanding of-
ficer. M. Bougainville, who had fent an officer on
fliore to wait on the governor, declined to give any
anfwcr till his return. This oflficcr came back late in
the evening, with an account that his excellency was
athis country-houfe, but that he had been with the
iliehandcr, who promtfed to introduce the commodore

to tlie Dutch ge...ral, on the following day. The

heat of this climate requires that vifits fhould be made
c^rly in the morning; iVI. Bougainville therefnic fet
out foon after day-break, and, after waiting on the
Ihebandcr was by him conduftcd to the governor-
general, who was then at one of his country' refi-
dcnccs, about nine miles from the town. The be-
haviour of this chief of an important diftrift, was
equally finccreand obliging, he approved of the con-
duit if the refident at Boero, in his treatment of the
French, during the hour of their diftrefs. He gave
nermilfion for the fick to be lodged in the hofpital, and
ill'ucd the proper orders for their being received. The
furnifliing of the ncccflary fupplits was left to the
Ihcbandcr,and when all matters of bufincfs were ended,
the governor afkcd the commodore if he would fa-
lute the citadel. To this an affirmative anfwcr
was given, on condition that the falutc fhould be
properly returned. Thcfc preliminaries being ad-
jufted, M. Bougainville went on board hi-- ftiip, fa-
inted with fifteen guns, and was complimtnted with
the fame number.

The fick people were now fent to the hofpital, 28
in number, mofl of whom were nmv troubled with the
bloody-flux, and the reft with the fcuivy. The of-
ficers having taken lodgings in the town, fixed a day
for paying »vifi'; of ceremony to the governor, at his
coiintry-fcat, called J.aeatra ; after which thfy vifitcd
in form, an officer called icI-onl-by-Nac/it, or rear ad-
miral ; who is a member of the regency, and has a
vote in every matter rcfpecling maritime atftiirs.
This in-ntlcmaii lives with a degree of fplcndour thi't
vroulil not dilgrace a prince. M. Bougainville men-
tions 1 he theatre of Batavia as an elegant Iriilding;
but of llie pt-rformanccs he was not qualified to judge,
tV'iin a total ignor-ince of the language. His cui iofity
iinpclle<l him to take a view of the Cbineli; conif-
(0

dies, but of thefc aifo he could form no jiidgiTicnt but
from fight. Exclufive of the exhibitions on the regu-
lar theatres, he lays that a kind of pantomime is diiily
performed on fcaffolils, c-^iflcd in the Chincll- (Quarter
of the city. It is a fing ... ■ of the Chincfe comedy,
that the charaftcrs of 1 'n ..re rcprcfented by women ;
nor is it unfrequcnt i./ fee the aiftors entertain the
fpet^ators with a bo.xing-match. Our ingniious
voy.nger rcprefcnts ihc neighbourhood of B.itavia a«
elegant beyond defcription. I'hc neatncfs is all Dutch ;
the magnificence, he fays, is Parifian. A clergy-
man of Hatavia, Mr. Mohr, diftinguifhcd for his tm-
inr''li:- riches, and his cxtcnfivc knowledge, liastrtiicd
in the garden of one of bis country- houfes, one of
the moil fuperb obfervatorics in tlic world, and lias
furnllhcd it with a great variety of inlvrumcnts i>( the
conllruiflion of European artiffs j our author nbfervcs
" That he is doubtlcfs the richcft of all the childivn of
Urania." — The water of Batavia is of fi.-b:d a qu.ility
that the people of fortune import Seltzef vvater from
Holland, for their common drinkin-j at a mo|{ en-
ormous expencc. The houfcs of this city are I'uilt
only one ftory high, on account of the freqiicnf
earthquakes, which would be of jurniciou^ lonfc-
qiiencc to buildings ot a loftv ccr.nriiiHion. The
riches of the Batavians art innrkcd bv tlie magnifi-
cent taftc ill which their houfcs are furniflicd j vet is
the city faid to be much inferior to nhat it was fontc
years ago; aiii it is certain the rent cf hoafes is not
half as much as it was , yet will this pl:!ce always be
rich, through the refined policy of the Dutch, tvliich
makes it difficult for any man, after lie his amallcd a
fortune to tranl'mit it to Kufope; for any money in-
tended to be fent to Holland, mutt pats through the
hands of the Company, who chsrge eight per ant.
for the care of fending it to Europe ; exclufive of
which the current money of Batavia would fultain a
lofs of no lefs than twenty-eight per cent, evert if it
could be fmiigglcd out ot the country. The dif-
tiniSion of rank he f.iys, is obferved in the Itriiikft
degree at Batavia, ami the Ktiqiuiu is never dif-
pcnfcd with. Thj gradation of rank is as follows,
viz. The high regency, the court of jiiftice, the cc-
clefiaftics, the company's fervants, the fea-offlcci:,
and thole of the military. There Is no appeal from
the court of juflicc. 'I his court, abuiir twenty years
fince, fentcnced to death the governor of Ceylon,
who h.id been conviflcd of moft infamous opprciTu ti
in his government ; and he was executed oppofite the
cit.adcl at Batavia. If any of the refpciJtive foven i^iis
of the ifland of Java offend againll the cli.iblilncd
Dutch policy, they arc put to death in t!:c moil in-
human manner. On thefc mel.incholy occafion.s, the
unhappy fufltrcrs are drefl'ed in white draw-r^, r.i d
arc never beheaded, from a com iiflion prevalent among
them that apijearing in any other drefs, or vifitin;; liie
other Aorld without their heads, would be prodiitliic
of the moft f.ital confeqiienccs ; nor do the Dutch
dare fo controul thefe opinions, as the immt-diatc con-
feqiiencc of fuch ;. proccdme on rlicir part, would l;c
a revolt of the Javancfe. — The Dutih company h:uc
an exclufive right to a large part of the ifland of Java.
The iHand of Madura formerly belonged to tlieui,
but the chief of it re volted from tlicir authority, and
the fon of this revolting kinj, is at prcfcnt tht 'go-
vernor of that verv illind of which his fnther naj
been Ibvereign. 'I'lie Dutch, equally decj) in every
ifroke of th. ir politics, lia^e feizrd the proiinceof
Balimbunui, in conlequcnce of thefincreijn of th.it
diffrift havin;; revolted frc m iheir authority. It is
all'ertcd, th.it the Englilh cieiitcd liiina fort, and
I'upplied him with arms and ammunition to combat
that flnvtry, which he thought the more an ini.'igriity
becaufe it was inipofed on himbya mcreh.iitile nation.
After a war of two years, and after repeated battles,
in the lad of which the Javar. 1^ prince and liis fa-
inilv were made piifoncrs. Tli" Dutch bicir e final
conquerors, and tho routed fovereign being lod;.;cd in
the citadel at Batavia, foon fill a faciificeto the grief

t'ut pn-

C/ii hii triii'l.— ^Vh'•fl M.

Bo.i/ain\ illc
•luived

M. BOUGAINVILLE.

arrived at Batavia, it was in agitation to fend tlic
ton and the other branches of this unhajipy family to
the Cape of Good Hope, in order that thty might
fpcnd the remains of a wretched cxirtciicc on the Iflaiid
of Roben. The fcvcrai chiefs of the diftcitiit dif-
trifts of the Ifland of Java, are fiirrounded with
Dutch guards, fo that they are kings only in name.
From thefe, however, the Dutch receive arracic, rice,
fugar, coffee and tin, in return for which they fup-
ply opium, the falc of which is very profitable, from
the great quantities conAimed by the Javancfe.

Before the crews of the Boudtulc ajid Etoilc had
been ten days at Uatavia,the difeafes common to that
climate began to attack them with all their fury.
From a vigorous ftate of health the people were, in a
few days, reduced to the brink of the grave, nor coul J
the commodore's utnioft diligence enable him to trunf-
aift his affairs with a proper degree of difpatch, as the
illnefs of the Shebander himfelf prevented the accele-
ration of his bufincfs.

Every officer on board the Boudeufe began to expe-
rience the fatal cfteils of the climate ; and, at length
Aotourou felt the dreadful influence of this peftiferuus
dime, and it is fuppofed, that nothing hut the rea-
dincfs with which he took the prcfcriptions oflertd
him, could have faved him from the mod fatal on-
fequcnccs of the contagion. For a long time after
he left Patavia, he diffinguifhed it by the name of
Jinaua Mate, " the land which kills."

The (hips failed on the i6th of Oclober, 1768,
and cleared the ftrciglits of Sunda on the i()th in
tlie afternoon. By this time the crew were all pcr-
feiiHy cured of the feurvy ; but a lew of them remain-
ed ill of the bloody-flux. On the 20th, the fhips
were in fight of the lllr nt h'ranco, and on the 8th
of November, the Boudeiile anclioreJ in the port of
that ifland, the Etoile, which had been un.-ivoidably
left behind, anchoring in tlie fame port on the fullow-
ing day. At this place tlie (hips were repaired, and
the commodore left behind him on the ifland feveral
perfons, who defircd to add to the numbers already in
' lat colony. — And here he cxpvcfles his happi-
iiefs that he was enabled, after fo tedious a voyage,
to enrich this colony with inhabitants and nccefl'aries,
but he laments in the moft pathetic terms the death
of the Chevalier de Bouchage, an cnfign on board
the king's fliip, whofe abilities as an officer could be
furpafled only by his virtues and acconiplillinients as
a man.

M. Bougainville fpcaks in high terms of the
forges for making ir»n, which are elhdililhcd on this
ifland, and he even prefers ihcm to tholir of Europe,
M. Bougainville failed from this place the 12th of
Deceiiiher, 1768, leaving the Etoile behind him, to
undergo fomc neceli'ary repairs, and this Ihip diil not
arrive in France till a month nftcr the Boudeufe.
AVithout encountering any fingular accident, the .id-
vmturers had fight of the Cape of Good Hope on
the 1 8th of January, and came to an anchor in Table
Bay, on the following morning. M, Bougainville
omits a defeription of the cape, which has beeu
fi) often and fo accurately defcribed . y our circum-
naviga.'ors, and other voyages ; one circumftancc,
however, he fails not to mention, tlipt they killed a
quadruped, named the Giraffe, which was feventecn
feet in height, and th.it they took the young one alive,
which meaiiired f-ven feet. " None of thtfe (fays
our author) had been icon after that which was
broU|;ht to Rome in the time of Crtlar, and (hewn in
the amphitheatre." M. Bougainville failed from the
cape on the 1 7th, and came to anchor oft' the ifland of
St. Helena, on the 4th of February, where he remain-
ed till the 6th, and thiii - t under fail in purfuance
of his voyai,!' to Frame, Vn the 25tli of this month
the comiiiddorc fell in w ''1 the Sv> allow, commanded
by Captain Carteret, .a ! .is been already related.

Nothing material h'.ppened fr.im this time till they
had (i^ht of the ifle of U(hant, when a violent fquall
of wind had nearly bl.iffed all the hopc^ of to (ine a
voyage. Thecommodorijburc a*ay for St. Malocs,

Vol. L N' 23.

vts

which port he entered after an ahfencc of two ycar^ i, ''1
and four numtlis from Ins nalive country i duiiiig ;^ll *— , — *
which time he had huriul only ftviii of hi:, cuw,
a eircunillance that will he deemed (|iiite alloniihin;?,
when we refleil on the v.iriely of dan;^ers lliey had
encountered.

We have mentioned that M. Iioiigainville brought
Aotouiou to Paris, where he took great [niins to have
him inltrui^ted, yet when he had been ainioll two
years among Frenehnien, he could fpeak but a viry
lew words of their language, partly owiii"' to a natu-
ral defedt in his pronuneiation already iiUimaUd, and
partly to his being arrived at thiily years of age with
out his memory being exircifed hy luidy. ^^. Kcui-
gainville fays he muff have created a world of ideas in
a mind as indolent as his body, before he could havu
ad.ipled them to French words proper to exprefs them.
'Fhough Aotourou was thus tiefieient in the languaga
of France, yet the llreets of Paris were quite familiar
to him. He frequently bought things and was leldoni
defrauded in the purclial'e. None of the publick ui-
vcrfions had any charms for hiin but the opera, to
which he went regularly 1 for he knew the nights on
which it was to be performed, and paid the fame for
admittance as other people : liis great fondnel's for
dancing was what rendered the Ojiera fo agreeable to
him. He was exceedingly grateful to thofe who con-
ferred any obligations on him, nor did he ever forget
their perfons or their favours. The Duchcfsof Choi-
feul was the firtt in the lift of his friend', and he
exprefl'ed more gratitude for the polite attention with
which flie treated him than even for the numerous
prefents which he Rceived at her hands : and as often
as he heard of that ladv's being arrived from her
country-ILat, he would immediately go and vifithcr.
After u refnlencc of eleven months at Pari?, Aotou-
rou was put on b ■ ""d the Brifon, at Rochelle, which
(hip was deffincd (o convey him thence to his own
country. M. Bougainville gave .about 15C0I. fterling,
towards the fitting out the Brifon for this voyage;
and the Duchcfs of Choifeul ordered a confiderable
Aim to be expended in cattle, feeds, implements of
hulbaiulry, he. which were (hipped fur the ufe <f
the natives of Otahtite.*

While .\otourou was at Paris, in 1769, a coni"t
appeared, which furniflied M. Bougainville with ail
opportunity m knowing that tliis kind of (tars had
been frequently obferved at Otaheite ; but that the
natives do lu^t fuppol'e that they are in any refpeit

portentous of evil confequeiu\ i ; but what wc

call (hooting-llars, aie by thtfe people deemed evil-
genii.

M. Bougainville has made manv philefophlcal re-
flexions on the charadler of this Indian ; and many
others are interfperfed in i' e courfe of his voyage,
the principal of which We liave fele>iled. 'I'he French
commander has alfo given a defeription of the eltab-
lifhmcntof the Spaniards at Rio de !a Plata, ns alfo
an account of the milTions in Paraguay, which though
we confidered as lOO long to be inli^rted in the mid(t
of his narration, vet we think of too much importance
to be omitted. We (hall, therefore, here piefent it
to our readers.

" The river de la Plata, (fays our author) takes a P.nraFii.iv ilc«
foiitherly courfe to the j+tli des;ree of latitude, u here I'li''"-'!.
It is united with the river Uraguai, making one ilreain,
which runs ffill foiitherly to the Ocean. The fcliiits
have .idvanced a falli; principle of geogiaphv, and
other authors have fallen into their errois, by I'up-
pofing the River de l.i Plata to Iprin ; from the lake
of Xarages. This lake, which has been the I'uhjeet
of much inquiry, is now (uppofed tohavc noexiffcnce,
iiv order of the courts of Spain and Portugal, the
Marquis of \aldeliiais, and J)on (.rcorge ^^enc7,^s,
und rtook to deteinilnc the limits ot tlic polfellions of
thele two powers j .and accordiiu;ly levcral Spanifli

■■ M. lleag.iin\ ille concludes tiii^ pirt ot his nirrarivc with
rlic following very Iietrnnc.-ind ceually polit'cii with. ■• (j (,,ay
Aotourou foon fee liis coe/itrynun ag.iin !"

Zz;

and

26!)

THE VOVaGE of*

17G9 Siul Porfu^iicfi; ofliccrs, tr:ivcrfcd this large diflrifl
„ ' o( Aiiiciica, between tlii' yens 1751 iind 1755. The
.Sp.iir.irds cmbiirkcd on the river Paraguiiy, and the
Humimicfe prccccdtd from a fcttlcment belonging
to tlic crown ot Purtugal, called Maragon'o, fituatcd
on th.- interior boundaries of the Drafils, at about
twelve ilc)jrees fouth latitude, and proceedcil up the
river Caourou, which, according to the maps of the
Jefuit*, isdefcrihcd as falling into the lake Xarages.
fJut how great was their furprill- and dilapf ointment
at meeting in the 14th degree of Ibuth latitude in the
river Paraguay, without hndiiig any thing to jullify
the fuppolition of the exilknce of the lake ! Hence it
«as concluded that the peiiodical inundations of the
river over a confidcrablc trad of adjacent country,
havin;; been .'.eeived in lowgro'n's, formed a body
of water, which, by foinicr .u.vigators was taken
for the ideal lake. The fource of the Paraguay, or
Rid lie la Plata, is among the mountains, between
tiie two ' • '.Mils, and between five and fix degrees
fouth latit.'Je, and it empties itfelf into the river of
\ni,i70iis. 1 iii~ Uraguai arifes in the Captainlhipof
"^ Vincent's in the R.afils; and the I'arana, in the
mountain.^ '■'■ 'he caft north-caft of Rio Janeiro,
vhr . c it flows to the wcftward, and then changes

••^ .■ 1 e tc rhe fouih. It appears from the ac-

unt I', the /I'le Prevoll, that Diaz de Scdis, firll
i.fcoveretl I'.ic i-'arana in i';i5,and called it after him-
f,)fj iiut 'iiat in 1526, Sebaitian Cabot named it la
PI ita, or, 'Jf Silver, on account of the many pieces
of filvcr, uhiefi he obfcrvcd in the pofl'ctlion yf the
natives ef ^'r.t rountry. The fort of Efpiritu
Har.r ) was eri;i'[i;d '■> (.".ibot, who had fc.irccly time to
fee it co;.-,,i!.'ted lit 1 ire it was levelled with thec.irth.
Iniqjf, ))'jn Pedro de Mendo/a, great cup-bearer
to t \j emperor, failed for the river de la Plata, and
foui'ded Huenos Ayres ; but this undertaking proved
excie.nely unfucctlVful j and after Meiido/.a's death,
the inuabitants of Buenos Ayres, unable to defend
thcmfjlves againft the depredations of the Indians,
and living in perpetual dread of famine, fled for fanc-
■ tuarv to AfTumption, now the capilal of Paraguay,
whieh was built by the followers of Menilo/.a, foon
became well inhabited, and of courie confidcrably
cnlart;ew. Don Pedro Arti?, de Zarara, governor nl
Parai;uav, rebtiilt Huenos Ayres, upon an improved
planj in the year 1580, and it loon became the prin-
cipal refort of fliips, navigating the South Seas ;
foon after which it was an epifcopa! fee, and the place
of refidence of the chief magiliratc. The fituation
of iiuenos Ayres is computed to be in Jideg. 56
min. fouth laf. and 6 leg. 5 min. weit longitude
from Paris. The inh:i ,.mts, including ncgros, do
not exceed twenty thoul.nd, notwithftanding which,
the town covers 4 very large fpacc of gvourd, I'wing
to the (generality of the habitations having no niore
than a praund-floor, with fpacious court-vnrds, and
fxtenfive gardens. The public market is f dd in a
grand fiiuare, the angles of which arc for t 4 by tbi.
governor's palace, the town-hall, the cath t .al, and
i:ie epifeopal palace. There is no harbour i Buenos
Avres, fo thai ihips of any confidcrablc ' ji 'en aic
obli'ed to fail to Encenada de Baragon, 1, our ten
lcd''.ues caft fouth-eaft of the town, or elf: receive and
deliver their freights by mcanj of fmall boat". Ad-
joiiii;!' to the Jtfuits convent there is a I liK.'ng,
called the lioufe for the cxercifes of women, wixrc
married and unmaiiied people, without the con(i;nt
of their hiifbands or fiicnd>, fequefter ihemlelvcs tor
the fpace of tvvilvc d.iys during which time v a[i>■J(i^
.reli'.;ioUi> eMici'cs arc praClifed, alrnoft without iirtir-
miiiion. There are holy ceremonies ajipointeil for
the flaves 1 and fii( h of the ne!;ros, as pay foui reals
per annum to the Dominicans, are admitted menihcrs
of fome religious coniniuiiitv, and intitlid to certain
holidav, to hear inafs, and a detent inicrment al the
ixpcnee of the f»iars, Thi« community of iie:'ios
tcknowle'L'e ^ll• Benedid of Palermo, and the Vir-
gin Mary for th'.ir patrons, and o: the days dedicated
to thell- I lint', ihey feleCl two peifeiiis to rep;efent

the kings of Spain and Portugal, who are foIIowciS
by al! the ncgros of the order, par.iding through the
(trccts from the riling to the fctting of the fun, fing-
ing, dancing, reprelentinK battles, and repeating re-
ligious incantations. The grounds near Buenos
Ayres are extremely fruitful, producing all the real
neeefl'aries of life j but it is entirely uncultivated at
only three leagues diltance ) and in eroding the plains
fcarcely a hovel is to be met with ; fo that paflcngersaxc
frequently under the neteflity of fleeping in their car-
riages, and thole who go on horfeback are often, for
many fuceeflive nights, expofed to the inclemency of
the weather. Horfes and black cattle abound in thefc
plains, and the latter arc frequently killed by travell-
ers, who take away fuffic'rent for a few meats, and
leave the red for the birds and beafts of prey. 'l"hc
only furious animals known here are wild dogs and
tygers, the former, which are faid to have been origin-
ally brought from Europe, are both fierce and numer-
ous, perhaps oAing to their food j and the climate
Items greatly to have altered their fpecies;— —
the latter are cf the ufual kind, but are not very fre-
quently met with. In the neighbourhood of Buenos
Ayres woed is fo cxtumely fearce, that very little is
to be found that will ferve for fuel, and what is ufed in
ereiiting and repairing houl'es, or in ri fitting veflels,
is tranfported from Paraguay. — The Indians inhabiting
this part of America are of a eopixT complexion,
feldom exceeding five feet in ftatuie, and of a very
forbidding afped. 'ihcir chief is dillingiiiflied by u
thong of leather tied round his fovehrail, to which
arefallened feveral plates of copper. (he arms they
ufe are bows and arrows, flings and balls. Thefeare
about the circumference of a two pound cannon ball,
and being received in leathern cups at the ends of cords
of about fix or feven feet long, I hey throw them when
onhoifebaek, with fueh amazing teirce and dexteritv,
as to be almoft at a certainty of killin;: an animal at
ihcdiftance of three hundred yards. Some years ago
a number of delinquents, efcaping the punininient
thtv were fentoneed to, ntreated to the north of thu
Maldonadocs, whcie being joined by fome deferters
and Indian women, they have formed a community oJ
delperadoes. They frequently plunder the Spaiiifli
fettlements, and carry their Ipoils to the br iindaries
of the Brafils, where they reee •"? in fX' 'lango for then;
fire-arms and cloaths from 'I.e i'aulilts, anothci
delpcratc race of robbers, fuppvcJ to be between fix
ai.el (even hundicd in number, who removJ f < ni
B'afil farther to the north weft about the I x'.--enth
ce itury, fince which ' . 'e th<v have ceir..inually tra-
vcifed the adjacent coui>;i V in parties; and fuch tra-
v I jrs'as are ' 1 unforttinaie as to meet with then-,
generally f.U vn-iims to ilieir criidtv and .;.,ilne. —
The governments 0} ruciinian and Paraguay, with
the niiflions of the Jefuit:., arc dependent vio.'i the
govc'i jr-general ot la Plat.i, who, in ■'11 ir tkrs
lelating to the hiver mines of Potofi, is uiuU ■ i;.c in-
rifdidion >•( the viceroy of Peru. — A min': having
heen late'v elt. 'difhed at Potofi, the filvtr vv.l'i not in

future be

.lu, ht from hrnco in the

fined

.n 'htlpit. — 'i'vvo hundre I carts, ati._iio^il l.v three
hundred men, go annually from Buenos Aires to
fete h fait liow the lakes adj.cent to the ka in 43 dcg.
Couth lat. an<t the ncceflity of obtaining i.ilt, is the only
motive that Mi.i'Uces the Spaniards to travel (b fir
fouth of Buenos .Ayres, wlirte the country exhibits
a m;bneholy profpeiSt of dreary and unou'tiv;.ted
lands.

The piincipal commerce of Bucnis Avri s is v. 'th
Peru and Chili, 10 whieh provinces tiu-v I. nd cotton,
mules, loms il<in«, and about 400,000 Spanifti pound?
weight of ihc I'araguay herb, or South Sea la, every
year j great part of which laft article is conlumed by
the lab;>riou<; in the Peruvian niinoe, it beii.;; efteeired
a molt excellent preventive agaliifl the elieet-. of the
noxious vapours arifing from thofeinexhaulHble funds
oftreafure. Notwithllancling 'here isl.uti "ik dc
at Buenos Ayres, it is a placi if fiKli gre ' i lies
thai th« regifter fliips fitqucHtly any away „ uli. ji.

■ ,

M. B b U 6 A I N V I T, L fe.

rbj

of doliarn each : anJ if tlicy were incliiici! to
extend their (k'lm and fur trmic, tho(c articles alone
would, undoubtedly^ acquire th-jm iinmcnle trea-
fure.

Montevideo was built between forty and fifty years
fince, upon a pcninfula, to the north of the river,
and about ninety miles above its mouth. The town
has a bay, aftbrding Mc anchorage, but in boilUrous
weather fomc flcill itlulb be exerted, to keep clear
of a chain of hidden rocks of tlic coalt point of the
bay, which arc called Punta ile les Carretas. The
town of Montevideo affords every refreftiment ; and
the ail being particuly falubrious, renders it ftill
more inviting to voyagers, who generally find here a
h:ippy renewal of that health and vigour which
from various caufes, muft inevitably be impaired by
a long rcfidcncc on the rtormy element.

The Jefuits took up their rcfidcncc :\t Para-
puay, in the year 1580, and in the time of Phi-
lip the Third formed their celebrated miflions, called
by the Europeans [Paraguay or Uraguai.] Thefc
miflions are thirty-fcven in number; twcnty-ninc
being on one fide of the river Uraguai, and eight on
the oppofite fliore. — The Jefuits undertook to con-
vert the natives of this trait of America to the Roman
Catholic religion; and in order to encourage them
to purfue this difficult taflc with a >roper degree of
fpirit, they were rendered indcpcndant of the
governor's authority, and allowed an annual ftipend
of fixty thoufand piaftrcs for their ncccfTary expences.
And, in order to indemnify the crown for this ex-
pence, a tax of one pialtrc per head was levied upon
all the Indians between the age of eighteen. and fixty.
Notwithllanding the many and great obllacles which
would havedifpirited Icfs aetermined men, the Jefuits,
by a (Irady perfcvcrance, the moft ardent zeal, and a
Itriift attention to the genius and difpofition of thofc
lavages, at length civilifed their manners, implanted
in their minds the principles of the chridian religion,
and made them happy within themfelves and ufeful to
the community. — In the year iji;;, th? Spanilh
Monarch having given up the colonies on the left
fliore of the river to the rortugufc in exchange for
Sanro Sacramento, with a view to fupprefs the fmug-
gling tiaJj, the Indians of the ceded colonies, dif-
gufted at beingdriven from their cultivated lands took
up arms againft the Spaniards. Don Jofeph An-
donaighi, governor-general of the province Dc la
Plata, and Don Joachim de Viana, governor of Mon-
tevideo, marched againft and entir.dy defeated them.
Soon after this battle cine infurreftwni being quelled,
Viana left Buenos Ayrcs, and was accompanycd as
far as the Maidondoes by feven Indian families where
they fettled, leading a life of exemplary prudence and
induftry. The fituation of thefe reclaimed people
gives an idea of what the poets call the golden age :
they knew no diftinftion of riiiiSc, were neither in-
ci.nbered with riches, nor t.pprefied with poverty ;
and as all their wants were fupplied from the warc-
^oufes appointed to receive the produce of the com-
mon labour, they had no incitement to ufe finifter
and clandeftine means to obtain private property.
The countr- in .vhich the miflions arc fituatcd,
reaches about four hundred and fifty miles eaft and
weft, and about fix hundred miles north and fouth,
and the number of the inhabitants is computed to be
three hundred thrafand. There arc immcnfe forefts
of all kiri.'.sof wood, and cxtcnfive meadows, watered
\,y innumei.^.ble fmall rivers and brooks, which pro-
duce pafturc fufficient for upwards of two millions of
cattle. — The country was divided into diftriiSls, over
each of which two Jefuits were appoi' '> I to prcfijcj
one of whom sited asrc^or, and the other m bis cu

r.itc. The Indians lived in a ftatc of the moft abfolute
liibiuilli.iii to their rectois, who fuvcrely ch.illiled thcni
for mildcnicanoiirs, and aiuui.illy iipp'iliUed a number
of inferior ofliccrs called cotreyidors to take eojjiii-
zance of petty (.'ft'ences. Near the church ate two
buildings j one of which was iiiiiabiud by a great
number <if girls, who were iiillructcd in v.iiicus
occupations. The other building w.is occupied by
young negro men, who were brought up to various
Iiaiulicraft profeflions, and one department of this
building was appointed to the teaching of miific,
fculpture, architedlture, kc. The redor's houfe
ftood between thefe buildings, and had communi-
cations with each, which he vifited every day to fee
the provifions juHly dillributcd, ami the proper deco-
rum in other rtfpeiils ftriitly obferved. —

The imire cxpulfion of the Jefuits from the Spanifli
dominions having been refolved upon, Don FranciS
liuicarelli was appointed to carry this dcfign into
execution ; and he accordingly failed for BuenoS
Ayres, arrived thtic in the beginning of 1767, and
immediately fent the difpatches with which he was
charged to the governors of Peru and Chili, and the
commanders of Cordoua, Mendoza, Corricntes,
Santa Kc, Salta, Montevideo, and Paragmy. Thefc
difpatches were accompanied by letters ttriflly in-
joining the perfons to whom the difpatches from the
court were dircdfed, not to open them till an appointed
day. As it was a matter of doubt whether the In-
dians would tamely fubmit to fee Jefuits arrcfted in the
colimies, all the preparations for airrying the king's
orders into execution, were condiii5ttd vith the moft
profound fccrecy. The time for accomplilliing this
grand dcfign at length arrived, and the different
gove.-nors being previoufly inftrucled to open their
letters, and to proceed according to their content!}
with all imaginable difpatch, the general execution
began about two o'clock in the morning, when the
Jefuits with equal horror and aftonifliment, found
their habitatious inverted by the Spanifti troops.
They evinced a high degree of philofophical refign-
atioii and humility in quietly fubmitting to tlici^
fate.

On the thirteenth of September a cacique belonging
to each colony, and all the corregidors, arrived at
Buenos Ayres. Thefc people were politically de-
tached from their companions by the following
ftratagem, with a defignof fecuring them as hoftagcs,
in cafe any refiftancc had been made. The governor-
general fent for them under pretence of communicat-
ing the fubftance of the king's letters ; and thefc de-
luded people were not informed of the events that
happened till they received the account from the moutli
of the governor, who gave them a general audience
immediately upon tiieir arrival ; whcp the governor
informed them that he came to free ihem from the
(laveiy they had long groaned under, :iiid di:ci5ling
them to one of the houfcs formerly occupied by the
Jefuits, they were thcie properly provided tor at the
king's cxpcncc. The Jefuits had eftabliiliej other
miflions than thofc above mentioncvl to ihe South of
Uraguai, and were making great progrefs fouth-
ward of Chili, towards the iftaiid of Chiloc, but the
unexpefted turn of aff'airs in Europe utterly dcftroyed
a work, the completion of which had been an object
of great attention f"r a long fcrics of years. —

Such is M r ugaliiyille's account of this extra-
ordinary rcvoiuiion which, furprized all the world;
Our circum li vig:i;oi teems in tJiis, and many other
inftances, to iiavc irovcd himfelf an accurate obferveri
and one caLuhucd I j do honour to the French
nation*

PORTU^

ivftij

' iiM;l

ii..>

I a68 ]

PORTUGUESE VOYAGES TO THE EAST INDIES.

THE VOYAGE OF PEDRO ALVAREZ CAHRAI..* ;, .

Vtrcil.

1500 A I'^TER having [;lvcn an account of the rircum-
^^y^/ ^^ navigators accorillng to our promile, wc return
to the voyages of tlif Portugucfc, in whofe I'crvicc
Vafqucz de Gama had opened a way to India by tlie
Cape of Good Hope, and had already made overtures
towards a treaty of trade and commerce with the Sa-
morin of Calicut.

A rcfolution was now talccn by the court of Lif-
boii to profccutc thcl'e valuable caftern difcoverics.
For this purpofe, thirteen viflbls of dilFcrent fizes
were fitted out, and the command gi\cn to Pedro Al-
varez Cabral, a oentlcmen of great merit, to whom,
on the tith of March, in the year 15C0, the Icing
delivered the Flag of the Crofs. The fleet contained
1200 men, with whom went eight Francifcan friars,
eight chaplains, and a chaplain-major. Their in-
lirudlions were to begin with preaching, and in cafe
that failed, to proceed to the decifion of the fword.
The names of the captains of the fliips were S.incho
de Toar, of Cabral's vcfTel, Nicholas Coello, Don
I^uh Coutinno, Simon de Myfaranda ; Simon Lay-
ton, Bartholomew Diaz, who difrovcred the Cape of
Good Hope; Diego Diaz (his brother, who had
been purfer to De Gama, in the former voyage. ) The
captain of the caravels were Pedro de At.iyJe, and
Vafqucz dc Silveyra, Ayrcs Corrca, was fadtor of the
fleet, and was to remain as fuch at Calicut.

In cafe the king of Calicut readily confented to the
fettling of the faotory, Cabral was fecrtily to impor-
tune him to prohibit the Moors from trading thither,
or in any other of his ports ; and to promile on that
condition, to import from Portugal, the fame forts of
commoilitics, better and cheaper, than thofc the
Moors brought. They wctcalfo to touch at Mcli ■-
da, on the coaft of Africa, in order to land the am-
bafl'ador, (brought from thence by Gama) and fend
the kinga prcftnt. The gth of March the fleet let
fail from Helem, the king accompanying Cabral to
the water-fide. On the iSth they came in fight of the
Canaries, and the 22d palTedby St. Jago. The 28th
Dc Atayde's fiiip was leparatcd, and no more heard
of. They failed till the 24th of April, and then
difcovcrcd land ; which lying fo far to the weft,
they concluded was feme coaft which Gama had not
fct n in his voyage. The men who were fent on
fljorc, brought word that it was a fruitful country,
full of trees, and well inhabitud. The people were
fwarchy and naked, ami ufc bows and arrows. At
iiigiit a fturm arifing, they ran along coaft for a port,
whu h IvM ing fi tind, they called it Puerto Scgwis, or
the Safe Port, Here mafs was laid nn (hore, great
numbers of the natives adl-mbling to look on, wlio
were very civil and merry. They trucked parrots for
pa|Kr and cloth. Cabral called this country Ticrra
de Sjuta Cru/, from the ftoiie crofs he e ecti*d,
which afterwaids took the name o( Brnfil. Here he
left two banilhed men, to inform themfelves concern-
ing the country, and fent a letter to Portugal to ac-
quain; t^K king with this new difcovery.

Thcv departed on tlie 2d of .May for the Cape ol
Good Hope, and on the 12th there appeared a comet
in the caft, whieh tor ten d.iys continually incrcafcd,
and was v.iiblc both liav and night Ihis was the
fore-runner of a \ lulci'r ftorm, whic!\ arofecn the 23d,
in the ncnth-ealt, mi.Vvd wuU nin : it was fucctcded
at nicht by a calm. (Jn the 2Sth it liLvr hard agair,
and they were torced to take in their fails; uiit a

water-fpout appealing to the north-cad, .ind a uhu
enfuing, they hot being acquainted witli fuch a plice-
nomeiion took it fur a fign of fair weather, when on
a fuddcn a furious wind fprang up, that not having
time to furl llieir fails, four ffiins pcrilbcd, with all A icrrihie
their men, among whom was Hartholomcw Diaz, >«"'pti^'
the difcoverer of the Cape of Good Hope. The
other fcven remained half full of water, and li.id funk,
but that their tails being torn. The wind veerinc to
the fouth-weft, the ftorm ftill continued ; aiul in this
manner they were toft about for tw o dayo u ithout
fails, the d.ay being fo dark, that tlie fhips could not
fee one another, and cxpcding every miimeiit to be
fwallowed up. But on the third day the wind ..!i;iiing,
the ilect joined again, and they beg.iii to h<'iie all \va»
over, when prcfently after, the wind coiniiij: about to
the eaft and norlh-eaft, began to blow with gicater
fury than ever, and the waves to fuell as hi .h as
mountains j fo that one moment the ftiips feeincd to be
tolled above the clouds, and the next to he plunjnfl in
the bottom of the deep. This dreadlul tcnipelt con-
tinued for twenty djys together ; in tlie i!ay the
water looked as black as pitch, and at night ap-
peared like flames of fire^ At length, the winds
.ibating, they found they had pnfli.-d the C.ipe of
Good Hope during the ftorm, which, however, had
feparatcd four of the Ihips. On the i6th of July they
fell in clofe with the coaft of Africa, in twenty-fevcii
degrees fouth, which appeared to be populous: yet
none of the natives came to look at them, nor would
the general I'ufter his men to land, having no hujiu
of getting provifions there. Running on along the
fhore, and being near Sofala (with which as yet the
pilot was not acquainted) they faw two iflands, ami
near one of them two fliips at anchor, which, on
fight of the Portugucfe, made towards ftioie ; but
being purfued, were ovsrtaken, and yielded without
refiftance : They belonged to the Moors, and came
from the mines of Sofala, laden for Mclinda, with
gold, moft of which they threw into the fea, in their
flight. The general treated the commander cour-
teoufly, cxprcft'ed I'orrow for his lofs, and reftorcd all
that was taken, as being a relation of the king of Me-
linda, who was a friend of the Portiigueli;. The
Moor, being willing to recover his gold again, afked
Cabral if he had any witches on hoard, who might
conjure it up from the bottom of the fea. The gene-
ral anfvvered. That the Chriftians neither pr.ictifed nor
l)elieved in witchcraft. Being informed thathchai^
overlhot Sofala, he proceeded, and on the 20th ar-
rived at Mozambique, whrrr he took in water, and a
pilot to carry him to Quiloa, an ifland 100 leagues
beyond, in about nine degrees fouth, where he was
joined by two of the feparatcd fliips. The dominions
of this prince extended from Cape Corientes almoft
as f.ir as Mombaflii, near 400 leagues of co.ift, which
is very populous and full of towns, bi fides innumer-
able illands nlor.g it, that paid taxes; yet, for all
this, he was of no great power, not being ;diii; tu
raile any confidrrable force. The country is very
fruitful, and ftored with fmall cattle. The water is
excellent, Qiiiloa is a place of great trade lor Sofala
sold, for whieh there is a great lefort of mercliants
from Arabia, F'a-lix, and other pJIt^. The Ihips
here, as in all other plaecs, were built witlioiit ii.iils,
and rubbed over with wild fiankincenfe, inlliaJ of
pitch, there being none i-i thefe parts.

1 IJtinj

PORTUGUESE VOYAGES,

iGo

?King ar^ivcd at the ancifnt and noblccity of Cijii-
luu, (wnrre Ibnihim, a man icnowni'd among his pcu-
l>ln, and rich with llie trade of Sulala, then reigned)
the general lent to acquaint the king, that he v/as
come with a letter from the king of Portugal, and
hud brought mtrthanjirc, in order to fettle trade with
him, dtfiring an Interview, and that it might bo on
ilie water, he having cxprels orders not to land. The
king conli'nted, and the next day met him ina pin-
nate, accompanied with many attendants in boats,
the llreamers flying, and trumpets founding. The
king's letter being read, the fhcik confentcd to a
tiade, and dcfirrd an account of the mcrchandifc
mij^ht be fent him the next day, proniifing to give
gold in exchange. Hut next ilay, when the UtUn
w.iitcdoii him, lieexcufed himfelf from performing Im
proniife, aHedging firib, that the goods were not for
his purpcfe ; frcondly, that he fufpedtcd the general
came with adefign to conquer hiscountry j but the true
reafon was, that finding they were Chnllians, he had
no mind to have any trade or correfpondencc with
them. The general, after this b.iulk, Ibyed three or
four days, to fee if the king would alter his mind :
but perceiving, that infteadof complying with their
tiemands, he was fortifying himfeU for fear of an at-
tack, it was rel'olved to goon to Mclinda, where he
arrived on the fecond of Auguft. — Here he found lliree
Moorifh ihips of Guzarat, but the general would
not fuffcr them to be attacked, in fiiendfliip to the
kingof Mclinda. Jleing come to an anchor, he fa-
luted the city with his ordnance, tl'lic king immedi-
ately fciit to vilithim, with a prefent of provifion anu
iruits, faying he might command whatever his coun-
try afforded. Cabral returned thanks by a mellenger,
nnd gave liim to underitand that he came with a pte-
icnt and letter from the kinj., his mader, ottering to
ftrvc him with his fleet where-evcr he fliould com-
mand it. Till- prefent was ihe rich furniture of a
horfe. Ayres Corrca, chief faiilor of the fleet, being
fent with others to carry the letter and prefent, was
met by feveral nobles at the water-fide before the pa-
lace, attended by a omen with perfuming pans, and in
,lhis manner he \v i^s conduiilcd to the king, who was
much plcafed with ilie letter, written both in Portu-
guefe and Arabic, and kept Correa to difcourle with
liim about Portugal. Next day the king had an inter-
view \\.ith the general on the water, (the latter not
caring to land) told him howmuch hewas cmbarralled
by the kingof Monibafla, for admitting t!ie fricnd-
fliip of the Portugucfe, and gave him two Guzarat
pilots for Calicut.

Although the place flood near the fhorc, the
king w ould ride down to the watcr-lide in his new
furniture. — On this occafion, fome of his courtiers
had got a live fhiip at the foot of the (leps, '.jcfore his
p.ilace, and while the king was coming down, they
opened its belly, and took out the bowels, over
which the king roile, pronouncing certain words ; a
fuperllitious cullojii in this place. The general left
with the king two banifl\cd men to inform themfelves
cf the country ; one of thefe, who was afterwards
called Machedo, learned the Arabic, and went by
land to the llreights of Mecca ; from thence paffing
to Balagat, by way »f Cambaya, fettled with Sabay,
who was then lord of CJoa, pretending to be a Moor ;
and became afterwards very ferviceablc to Albu-
querque. •

About the 7th C;'bral left ^Telinda, and on the
20th, arrived at Anladiva, (Anchcdiva) where after
waiting a few days for the ihips of Mecca, and find-
ing they did not come, he proceeded on his voy.age ;
and the 13th of September ca(l anchor within a league
of Cdicut ; and prcl'ently there came on board feve-
ral pinnaceF, with provifions to fell ; and afterwards
feveral of the principal n.iyrcs, with a compliment
from the S.unorin, rxpreflini; nuirli fatisfaihon at his
arrival, and making great ofi'crs of fricndfhip. Upon
tliis C.ibral went nearer the litv with his (hips, and
next day went one Gafpar to demand a fafi- c ndui'^
for a mcflengcr, and with him the four Malabar?,
Vol. I. N" 24.

whom de(iama had carried .iway, da-Hid in tlic Por-
tuguefe habit, the citizens (i'-ing tlum return in good
health and plight, were very gliil) and fo was the Sam<
rin ; but he would not fee them as iKiiig but filhernien.
He received (ialper very well, and gave leave lor any one
to come on (bore who had a mind. The general here
upon fent Alonfo Hurlado, with an interpreter, to ac-"
quaint the king, that he came from Portugal purely
to lettlc trade and friend(hip, and defired hollages th,i<
he might wait on him in pcrfon. The pledges he de-
fired were the cutwal, and Araxchtcnoka, one of the
principal nayres. The king not caring to part with
theperfonshe required, on arcount of their age and
infirmities, propoleil to find others in their ftead
Hut afterwanls, at the inltigation of the Mootf, was
againlt fending any at all, upon the piiiii-'lilio that
the general's demand argiud want of lonliJcncc
in him. After three days ilebate, the Saniorin being
overcome with the prolpci'l of the advantages ariling
IVom trade, conndied to fend the h'lftages : where-
upon the general refolved to wait on the king on (hore ;
ordering Sanclio de 'I'oar, whom he left to commaiiJ
in his abfence, to ule the holKigcs well, but not tO
deliver them to any pcrfon who came to demand thcm^
although itfliould be in his name.

'I'he 28th of December, the Samorin fent fevel-al o(
the principal nayres, with many fervants and mufical
inlli uments to attend the general j who being
informed that he waited for him in a gallery built
on purpofe to receive him, near the waler-fide, fet
out in all the (late he could, aceompanied with thu
boats of the fleet, and thirty of the priiuip:d perfoiis
belonging to it. The hoftages were very loath to en-
ter the fhip, till they faw the general landed, appre-
hending, that as foon as thcv were aboard, he woulj
return and detain them. \Vhile this parley was on
foot, Cabral landed; oil the fhorc many kaymals,
pinakals, and oUier principal nayres waited (or him.
He was immediately taken up in a chair, and accom-
panied with all his attendants, carried to the feramcj
which was a lodge or hall, hung with carpets of Alka-
tif; at the farther end whercot, the king fat in an al-
cove, like a little oratory. (Iver his head hung the
cloth of Hate, of crimfon velvet, and under and about
him were twenty filk cufliions.

He had only a piece of white calico embioiilcrcj
with gold about his middle ; all the reft of his body
being naked. On his head was a cap of cloth of ToId.
At his ears hung jewels, compofed of diamonds^ fa-
phiresi end pearls 1 two of which were larger than wal-
nuts ; his arms, from the elbow to the wrifj, and his
legs, from the knees downwards, were loaded with a '
number of precious ftoncs of great value. His fingers
and to=s were covered with rings. In that on his great
toe was a large ruby, of a furprifing luftre. Ainong
the reft theic was a diamond bigger than a lar"e bean.
Hut all this was nothing, in comparifon to the richnefs
of a girdle made with precious ftoncs, fct in gold,
which caft a luftre that dazzled every body's eyes. Near
the Samorin flood a chair ot ftate, and his litter, all
of gold and filvcr, curioufly adorned with precious
ftoncs. There were three trumpets of gold, and fe-
venteen of filvcr, whofe mouths were fet with
ftones alfo; and feveral filvcr lamps and ccnfcrs,
fmoaking with perfumes, befides a golden fpittinc-ba-
fon. Six paces from him flood "his brothers, 'who
were next heirs to the crown j and a little farther fe-
veral of his nobles all flanding before him.

The general on his entrance would have gone up t6
kifs the Samorin's hand, but being inforined it was
not the cuftom there, hcdefilled, and took his feat in
a chair placed near the king ; which was the gieateft
honour that could be done him. He then delivered
his letter of credit written in Arabic, which having
been read by the Saniorin, the general delivered his
mcfTage, importing, that the king of Portugal was
defirous of the Samorin's friendfliip, and to^fettle a
faitory at Calicut which (liould be fupplicd with all
forts of European goods ; rcqueft'ng, that cither in
exchange or for ready money his "ihips might have
4 A liberty

t^oo

111

«7^

rORTUGUF. SF, VOYAGES

1500. liluMy 10 lade with ij)ici«. The Sjmorin feemcd
k^V"^/ plcilcJ with the cinbally, ;iiiJ toIJ Ihi ^^ciitral that
tliu I.111.; Iii> iiulKr IhiAiM he wclcujiic tu whatever
hik t.ilv ,iiroiJi.'tl , » hillt ill' V were talking the |>re-
luit v%.is hrnught in, whii.li (.oiililUil ol a wrought
lilvtr hai'iiii ^ilt, a touiilaiii ot'ilu I'aiiic, a lilver cup
« ith a i;ili cover, two wnl"cs ot liKer, tour ciilhions
(two oi cl'illi III' (;(>hl, aikt twu of cjiiiili>ii velvet)
■• I hull <<r It.uc of the l.iiiie velvet, llripeJ ami hound
with fjnM l.ice, a veiy line cai|Ki, and two ridi
|inves ul' .'.rra*. I'lie audience heiri;; over, the king
t>dil the geiural lh.it he nii^ht retire, citliei tu hi>
lod :ing>> or (hips i I'ur tlui lie v»a line would neither eat nor drink . long as
they vMTtf on bond ; addinj; that if he came mxt day to
toncliide what was b.';',uii, th.y (hould be Cent on
hoard a^viin. iiut this happy tuginning had like to
h uc bei n fpoiled by an iinreafunable dillrull which
liapixiiul to prevail on b i.li lidi.s. The general bc-
ini; cine to the vvater-lule, a lervant belonging to one
<j| tile liodages by order of the clerk and coniptioller
of the king's houftiold went before in a pinnace,
t.i let thein know tHit the gcner.il was coming on
boaiil. As foon a< the hortages heard this, they all
Kaped iiilo the water in order to get ntf in the pin-
nace : — Ayres Correa jurliping ininiediately into
his b.iat took fonie ot tlicni, but the rell got oil',
aniun^ whnm was the cutwal. 1 he general bein/
tome on board, ord' red the hoQagC!. that were taken
U. be put under the hatches that ihey no;',ht not run
aw.iy, .u\d lent t) the king, to complain of the re I,
laying the blame upon the clerk ami comptroller, aiio
pruniiling to d.-Iiver thofe he detained, as foon us l.is
hapg:'4e and the men lie had left to take care of it was
brought on board. The ne.\t day the Samoriii accom-
p.;:iii.d wi.h li,oco men came to the water- fide, and
li;iu on board the jjeneral's men and bjgL;agc, along
with whom uint iliirly pinnace*, to fetch hack the
liolK'.ges j but none ft theirs through fear of being
detained, durft venture near niou.h to receive them,
'i he l'( rtugu'.fe feemrd alio as backward to venture
to deliver tliim ; I'o that they remai'icd Hill in cufiodv,
however, next nii. ruing the g-n^ral refolved to fend
them on fioie in hi-, own biiH, oulering his men to
land them atadiiJance fiom the pinnaces. While
tl'.ey vi.rc prcpaii.ig to put ift' with them, Araxeme-
n )ka the oldeft of the pledges, and another, on a
fi:ddeii leaped into the wat' r ; the former was taken
a.^ain, hut the other with fi'/c mote of them cfcapcd.
C.ibral, furpril'ed at their inlinccrity, ordered
Araxcmcnoka to be clolely watched : but no mcflen-
ger coming to demand him for three days, and the
generrl dbferving that he would eat nothing all the
while, i;i pity l(;nt him ^vith fevcral weapons belonging
to the Malabars, to the King, who thereupon or Icred
two I'ortuguefe Hill on flior., to bi returned. Th.iee
davs mbrc being elaplld v^•ithout hearing of tl.c
Samorin, the gciieral refolved to fend to know whether
he was inclined to (rnifli the agreement already begun,
in which cafe he propofcd to fend His chief fadtor
on fliore, provided h iil u^cs «t;» „^iiv red as before,
everyone was pofl'cfled with tear, fotha Frankcifco
Coriea was the only man aboard the fleet -ho would
undertake to deliver this mvflage. The ki: g received
Coriea kindly, faid he was well (leafed to have trade
fettled, and made no difficulty to fend hoftages,
nsn-.ing for that puipofe two nephews of a rich
Cuzarat merchant, who were immediately fcnt
aboard, and a handfome lioule providid for the
f.'.Cb<r Ayres Correa, to lodge his merchandife.
Ard as the factor was not yet well kno\*'n in
the co.intry, or aciiuaiiited with the rules obfcrvcd
in trade, and prices of commodities, the kin" ordered
, the prandfathir of the hoftagcs (to whom the houfc

belonp;e,l) to inftrudt him therein ; but the Guzarat
nei^Ieiited his orders, being a friend to the Moors ;
wholly thefe means had their goods at their own price:
the (leiuilcs, for fear of them, feldom going to the
fadlurv. Uii the other Uaail Correa, k>i' want of

knowing the ratei of Indian merchandife, alwaynofTctTti
more than the romnuKliticj were wrirth, and lo boucht
them too dear. The Moor, likcwile ordered it fo, that
whenever he went toipe iktothc Samorin, fomrof thetn
might be prcfent to thw.^rt his nualurcs. They alio
prevailed on Khojali Sainifide, admiral of Calicut,
to hinder thofe belonging to the factory from going on
board, and lo ilctain anv of the ''tiii which (hould re-
move near the fhore. Cabral being informed of thi<«
and fearing to he let upon by flu "ii^'s fleet, in cnle
he rciiiaiiu'd in the haiboiir, weighed anchor, and
Hood out to fea, refolvin;; there to confult wliat was
bell to be done. 1 he iiamorin hereupon lent for
Correa, and learning from him the caule theriof, dc-
(ireil him to fend to the general to return, and forth-
with gave orders to prevent thcdeligns of the MiMirs.
ffe .ilfo removed the (Ju/arat iVom about Correa, and
in his place put another, named Colebequin, who,
though a Moor, was an honill man, and a friend to
ihe i'ortu.'uefe. For the Moors, who arc mtivcs of
India, are always at ftrife with thofe who come frini
Cairo, and the Streights of Meccaj and Cofebequin
was luadof tt!.- former, as Samif'de was of th? latter,
rurtlur th 111 this, the Snmorin, to prevent thef.ictory
from being difturbed by the Moors, and that tliev might
have the better opportunity of buying and felling to
advant,ige, gave them a hoiife by the water-fide, for
ever, rhis was done by writing ( and a copy given j
to which the kiiii^ put his hand and feal, inclofcJ
in a piece of clnlli of ;',old, lor the general to carry
bnk to IVitug^l. It was the Samorin's picafurealfo,
Uiat a fl..g, v^'ilh the arms of Portugal, fliould be
eiciited on the top of the houfe. After this, they had a
p'ctty good vent for their goods by Cofebequin'*
means ; The natives frequented the latlory, and the
Portuguefc walked about in Calicut, with as much
fafetyand as little moleflation, as ihcv could in Lifbon.
However the merchants of Mecca obllrudted their la-
ding for thtir Ihips, and thaugh complaint was made
to tne king, they received no rcdrefs : this wnsocca-
fioned by the enmity of the two Moorifli "ffiicrs bc-
fore-mentiuned. Fhc admiral being otFe"dcd that the
fa(;lor Correa had made greater application to the
other than to him, contrived to be revenged, by get-
ting the general to let upon a great fliip of Cevlon,
bound from Cochin to Cambaya with elephants. To
effect this, he told Correa, th:it the owners of the
fliip had refufed the Samorin one of thofe creatures ;
ami that therefore if the Portugueic Ihould take the
velFel, they would not only oblige the king, and for-
ward their own bufinefs, but alfo poffefs themfelves
of a great quantity of fpice, which belonged to the
merchants of Mecca. His defign was that the Pnrtu-
guel'e fhould receive damage in the attempt, th.n (hip
being of great bulk i and to this (lurpofe gave notice to
the owners, that they might be the better provided:
he concluded at Icaft in cafe his (fratagemdid not fuc-
ci-cd, that the Portuguefe would diloblige the mer-
cliants of Cochin. '1 he general feiit word that to
oblige the king, he would willingly undertake the
bufinefs though he was fenfible it was a dangerous at-
tempt ; but expected, as it could not he done without
lofs of men, that he ftioiild not be ort'endcd if his fail-
ors killed thofe who were in the Cambaya fliip. Tijis
having been allowed as rc.ifonable, the general fen t af-
ter theftiip Pcdrode Attayda with hiscaraval (where-
in were fixty men, befiifes fome Moors fent by the
admiral) who gave her cliace ; but being a {hip of 600
tons and 300 men : (lie made no a;couiit of the cara-
val, which was fniall, till fome of their balls reaching
her, (he bore down iijion them, pouring in her ftioi :
but being fiercely attacked by the Portuguefe, and re-
ceivinix 1 ball between wind and water, fhe quickly
made oH', and was purfued into the bay of Cananor,
where (he was taken. Thert were on board feven ele-
phant', worth in Calicut 30,000!. one of which was
killed and eaten by their men. The king next day
came lo the water-fide, and was flrangely furprifed, to
fee fucli a vedtl taken by one that was not about a fixth
part of her bulk, prdifing the acliuii, and treating the

men ;

TO T H F. F, A S T INDIES.

:"t

men: but thogcnrral h-ivingilifcovcnil thr fraud, in
Ordrr to giiln the rrri'tullliip ol the kini; ( to iht^ iiwikt!!, ni.ikiii.^ Litislattii'ii
for the (ljm,i(;i;». Hero il «.ih that Diurii- I'ai hi r(i
Pcrcyra, gave the lirlt marks ot that huoc val./ur,
far whah lie \\i% atici waul, rewarded.

I hi- t*kmg tliii lhi|> terrihid theMllor^ nl Calient
nuire than ever, wlio iniapi ; il the kinj; (tt ihe I'nr-
luguelr on, in rcvciif/- cit' thi ir injuiu ■ i ami tiiuliiii
the latter was . ipabic ot biiii(;Mii; a (.leat itmIi- to his
Jidrl, wm cau is whctli.r iIkv tuntiniuil in Ins do-
niimonsor not. U|.iin this, thiy joined in a I), dy,
»nd waited on the .~i.iniorin, re)iuleiiting hn,v nuicli
com trncd they wei' iw liiiil, that llnile nevtinipis
(honid hi lo hi.nhly liiizcd hy him, while ihi'le who
had lo Ion , (ii|)|)iiriid the iraiL ol C lUeiit, and !;iven
proot'j of inctr fidi lity, Ihould be held ol no aceuni.t.
They indmiatetl inai the Portugiiefe were |iiiates, and
could lint |iiiiribly come to India tor the lake ol trade,
fincc til. inolits aiilini; Iroiii tlieiiee, could not (as
they alkdi;.eil) ^n near to i^lray the i X|Hiit 's ol a
voyage of 5000 le..'!ur«, with loiiiany (lii|is and m.n.
'I'hcy even a/Krnim, I'vit their defii.',n was to plunder
the country, and take :r,. 1 i'y, it tluy eoiild one;
get the Icatt footing in it ; that the, would turn the
noufe which the king had given them l.ir a (aolor\
inio a fort ; and from thene- make ,v a upon li!;'! in
> little time; they concliu'.td, by thrcatenin.' i.i 1 -
move to fonie other city "I Malab.u , in cal.' lie con-
tinue : to ;;ive the I'ortuguele lb much counicnante,
and thrni lo little.

The king having heard this complaint, alTurcd them
ef his fricnJIhip, and mat he would not loilakjtheni
in favour cl any llranui r , he told tlu n tile rcaliin
for fending th • general to take the Cochin Diip was,
to try the valour of the Hcruigiiefe, and ihat he p-r-
mitted iheiii tu trade as he ilid other mcreliants, in or-
der to briiii^ lUeir money into his counfy. Kor all
tills, the Moors were not fati-lied, b' .aule the kini;
did not command the I'ortU'',uere to quit Calicut, and
permit their trading in Ins port. After this, they
openly intermeddled in their alfairs, and gave thciii
what oopolitioii they could in buying of fpices. I'lieir
defign was to pick a quarrel with thefc new comers,
that they might at length come to blows : in which
cafe they c<iiicludod, they fliould Ik able to dellrov
tbem by tlu ir numbers ; in the mean tune, incenfing
tlie common people as much as polTible againit tliem.
By means of thefe I ubile dealings in the Moors, in three
months time there were but two fliips laden with
fpices, an'' at dear rates ; althou'^h the Samoriii had
promifcd that all the fleet ftiould tic laden in twenty
(lays ; and that thry fliould be laden before all Ihang-
ers. It was alio difcovered that the Moors bought
up Ijiiccs privately, at a lower price than the Portu-
guefc could get them for; and (hipped them off' con-
trary to an order of the king in favour of the latter.
The general being troubled at thefc things, judged
they could not happen without the confent of
the Samorin 1 for which reafon he fent to expolhilatc
with tlic prince, and let him know how little
had been performed of all that h.id been promilld liini •,
intreating, that as the time for returning to Portugal
was now come, that he would caufc liim 'obedif-
patchtd without more delay. The Samorin fccmed to
be furprifeil and concerned, that the Ihips were ftill
unladen. He faid he could not believe that the Moors
would offer to difobcy his commands by a clandelline
buying of fpecies, and lading their veHcls : but de-
clared. If they had deceived him, that he would
punifh them for it j and gave the I'ortugucfe leave to
fearch their fliips, and take all the fpices they found
in them, only paying the price which the Moors gave
for them. As the Moors waited for an occafion to
quarrel with the Portuguele, they thought this a very
fit one. Immcdiatrly one of the principal .imoiig
them, began to lade his (hip opeiiiv i and the better
to fuccecd in his fchcme, got fome Moors and gentiles,
whom the faiftor took for his friend«, to pcrfuadc him,
that if he did not fend to fcisc the lame, he would iie-
b

viT be f.ble to Ireight the fleet. Corrfa B'*''H? ''^'d''
to wh.it ihey told him, lent to delire the geiiei.il lo
take ihi' (li:p: but he, appnluiifu e thai it wnuUl
came the .Moors to rile a^:.unlt the fai^tuiy, a<gutil
;i;;iiiilJ II i Coma preli'ed a;:;aiii, and Cabr.il ilevlliiid
I' a lecoiid time ) but the facloi peifilting in his oppu-
lilion, andcn. .iging to anl\Mr foi all dania;',es tint
lliould happen on that oer.ilioii, the giner.il, at length,
much a.;iinll his will, oiiiIh idtliof Dreeinber, lent
word ti> tliole on board the Moolilli (liip, that they
mull inll.intly depait, bv virtue of tlv milli..' iiy he
had from the Samorin. I I,'. Moois ni.:i\iiig lli>,htof
ihe yaieral's coniniands, he next day It nt all his boatii
to biing thelliip iiii.>ihe h.irbour. (his being known
to the iVloors on fliore, tbiy immediately role in a iii-
inulluous m.inner, and alter incenfini; the rabble,
repiiiedto th.' pal.ice, where, the better toyaiii thu
k'ligovcr to Iheir lide, they alledged th.it the I'oitu-
i;uele h .d jrotien a niiieh greatei i|iiamity of IpiccJ
,iiid .Imi's than they had ; yet, that not conieiit witli
ilu i.iri^er lli.ire, they, like thieves and pir.ite«, woiilj
meds run away with all ; intreating th.it ihey might
have libirty to take latisfaetinn for the injurv. I Im
inconllant kmggranted them their leiguelt ; and ihe re-
vcngelul .Moors h ilK ned back to all'ault the fadlmy. It ti^j fj.q^rf
was encomp..ru'd with a \vall ten feet high, and in it tiLiuluil,
were feventy men, inelud;n_' the friars ; but among
tliem all, there were only ei.'Iit brals bows, belidef
their I'woids. The lirfl paity of the Moors tli.lt ad-
v.uieid w.'i : fo lew that the I'mtuguele took thtin
tor a paie.l "f lu-i'i, and refolved to deUnd the gaiei
of th'.- factory \\ itii ilieir cloaks and i.ijiirrs ; but iheir-
Minihnvj increafed lo fall, and they (; di.d the defend-
ants !o much with their arrows ami ipears tliav, after
lolin r f\ve men, they fliut the gates wiili no fm.dl dil--
(ieulty, and betook themlelves to the v»'.ills vMih their
brafs bo«s ; but Correa perceiv iiig ilieir numbers to
amount, in a tittle time, to four thoufand, w'th feveral
navies amongll them, and that it w:'s in jiolhlde to
holdout long againli fucli a force without aid from
the (hips, lt..t up a flagon the top of the failtory to
givcnoticeof their dillrcfs. The giner.l beiin; fiek
in bed, and unable toaflill them in perlon, lent Sanchu
de Toar with all the boats, am! v. hat men tliev had;
but linding the enemy lb numerous, he would not ven-
ture to land, nor even go too near the lliore, for
fear they (hould fend out their velleU to take
him. — Many of the beficged being wounded with the
Ijiears and arrows, which (howeied on tliem as thick
as hail i and feeing the Moors preparing huge engines
to batter down the walls, they refolved to i|uit the
faiilory by a door that opened to the.water-fide, hoping
to fave themfelves by the boats, but the enemy prefl-
ing them clofe, and the boats not advancing, only
twenty efcapcd, though not unwounded ; all the lelt
being either taken or killed : among the latter wan
Ayres Correa i but his fon Antonio, (who afterwards
acquired great reputation bv his ailions in India) got
oft", being then only eleven years of age. The nier-
chandifc that was feized on this occafion, amoiintej
to 4CC0 ducats, and of the men that were then pri-
foners, four died of their wounds.

Tile general was greatly concerned at this difaflor,
and finding that the Samorin fent no apology for what
had happened, it was refolved to take re\engc imme-
diately, that he mi^lit not have time to prev.iit it, by
arming his fleet. Hereupon Cabral gave orders to at-
tack ten large fhips tliat lay in the harbour. After
fome rcfiflance, they were taken. Six hundred of the
men were either killed or drowned ) thole who re-
mained alive were kept to ferve as failors. in the
(hip.'i were found fpices, and other mercliandifes,
with three elephants, which were killed and faltcd
for provifions. The goods being taken out, the vcf-
fels were burnt in fight of crowds of Moors on the
(hore, and, in the almadias, which came out to fuc-
cour their friends, but were foon repulfed with lofs.
Thcgcncral, not thinkiiio this fufficient, ordered his
(hips in the night to fprcad, and advance as near the
(hore as poflible, with their boats before them ; at

break

'Ml

(lil

^^^.

IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)

1.0

1.1

miM UTS

■50 "^™ ■■■

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■ 40

IL25 i 1.4

■ 2.0

1.6

Photographic

Sdaices

Corporation

23 WIST MAIN STRUT

WSBSTER, N.Y. 14S80

(716) 872-4503

^\w^\

2-i

PORTUGUESE VOYAOKS.

1500

C..J„u

brcik cf <l.iy. tlie nnlnance began to play upon thr
town, wliicK tliti i;rcat damage both aniong the houft^
and inli:il)itanl«, who crowded to avoid ur repel the
danger, and fell thick every thot. Several ofthelem-
plc> were dcmoliflied, with part of the king's palace,
•nd the terror was (0 great among the citizen;:, that
the Sunioriii himfcir iird, who narrowly cl'capcd a
bullet, (from the boats) a nayrc being killed Jull be-
hind him. Towards evening they gave over the can-
nonade, to foltow two large }hip5, which (on fight of
what was doinp, as they were making into the port)
flvd to P.indcranc, w here tlicro were five more at an-
chor, but not being able to get 'tear them, the general
purfucd his voyage to Cochin, \\ here it was rcfolved
Id fettle a fndiiry, and took two AfoorifTi (hips in his
palTage, which lie burned, after taking out thuir car-
goes of rice, he arrived at that citv the 23th of Oc-
ecmbtr. Cochin is the capital of a kinnJom of the
fame name, 19 leagues Ibuth of Calicut, it Hands
upon a river, is vcrv ftrong, and has a I'afe and a ra-
p.ic:iius port i the land about it is low, and divided
into many iflanilt. Ir is built after the manner of
(.'.ilirut, and inhabiicd bv Cientilcs and M<x>rs, who
can.e troin fundry parts to traile. There were 'wo,
each of whom had filiv Ihips. Provifions arc noi
plentiful i but there is pepper enough, moft of that
which is at Calicut being brought from hence; yet
the greater relort ol merchants being at this latter
place, makes it the richer of the two. The country
beingof nogrtat e\t(iit, and the king not inlitled to
coin moncv, he was therefore but poor, iiefldes, he was
I'ubjeLt to the Saiiiorin, who on his aeceflion to the
throne, went to Cochin, and difpofed of the crown as
lie tliou^t fit. He was alio obliged to aflilt the king of
Calicut in all his wars, and to be of the fame re-
ligion.

The general having caft anchor, fent a Gentile
convert, called Michael Joghi, to the king to inform
him of his coming, of what he had done at Calicut,
and of his dcfire to trade to his port, w ith either mer-
chandife or ready money. The king, (whole name
was Trimumpara) left it to his own choice, and let
him know that he might fend whom he would to
land fur that purpofc ; difpatching, at the fame
time, two of his principal nayres .>5 hoftagcs, on con-
dition, that licfliould change them everyday, becaufe,
if they once ate on (hip board, they never appeared in
his prcfencc any more. The (jeniral pleafcd with
this hopeful beginning appointed Gonzalo Gil Bar-
bofa, for faiflor: and fent with him a clerk, aninter-
pret'T, and four banilhed men, as fervaiits. 'I'he king
fent the regifter of the citv, and feveral nobles to re-
ceive the (actor and bring him to court. Hne they
found nothing of that (late which thcv law at Calicut.
The prince was but meanly clad, and his court had
nothing but bare walls, with certain feats round
them, railed or boxed in like a theatre, in one of
which Trimumpara fat. The fadlor being introduced,
offered the prefent from the general, which confilled
of a filvcr brtfiin, for walhing hands, full of falfron,
a large filvcr ewer, tilled with rofe water, and fomc
braiK hes of coral. 'Jhe king received them with plea-
fure, returning the general thanks, and after he had
talked a while with the fa>3or, ordered them to be well
lodged. The general would not Venture more men
on Store, for If ar of ftich an accident as happened at
Calicut, but the event fliewed there was tio reafon for
dillnill, for by the kind ufage the I'ortuguefc met
with, by the difpatch that \r;,s made in lading their
(hip«, and the willinjnefs with which the natives af-
filed them on all oceafions, it plainly appeared, that
Trimumpara was a prince of an honclt difpofition,
and that thtir ililTering with the Samorin, was thebc(i
fortune tliat could have attended them.

The (liips being laden, and the general on (hore,
there came two Indian chridiant from Crangalor, or
Craiiganor, a city near Cochin, who were brothers,
(one of them named Jofeph) and dcfirous to go to Por-
tugal, wiih adcfiL'ii to vi(it Rome and Jenil'alem. Ca-
fcral alked 'hem whether the place they came from was

inhabited foltly by ChriDians .' ji..l, \\K.tl-.e; il.cv i.-.
longed to the iJitek or Latin churtli? (Jne of tliem
anlwered,Thal the inhabitants werea mixture of Gen-
tiles, ChriKians, Jews, and ftranj-ers, who were n.er-
chants of Syria, hgypt, Perfia, and Arabia ; that tiK
chriftians paid [he king tribute, and dwelt in a part ol
the city by theinfelve:. t that they had a church 111
which they had erodes, but no. im-,iges or bells, (but
the prielU in calling the peoolc to prayers, iibleived
the Older of the (Jrceks.) 'I'hat they h.id their pope-.-,
under whom were twelve cardinaUv and two patri-
archs, with many t>i(hops and archbiHiops, who all
refided in Armenia : thither he laid went the bilhops of
Cranganor to receive their dignity, and added he had
been there to be ordained prielt by the pope ( that the
fame method wasobfervcd by all the cler;!y within hii
jurildidion, which extended over India aiid Chatjy j
that the tw o patriarchs refided in thofetwo prm iiice?»
and the bidiops were dif|K:rfed in the cities belonging
to them I that iheir pope was called Catholicos, and
their toiifure was made in the form of a cioff. '1 i;iy
wcie both admitted on board. — After this there can «
two med'engers from the kings of Canaiior and Coe-
lan, inviting Cabial to their" harbour, and promifmg
himfpicescheap-rilian he could have at Cochin. '1 i.c
p;e;ieial returned tliem thanks and excufid hinifrlf
trom going, in regard he was already Lulcn : but pre-
milcd to vifit them on his return to India. He had
fcarcely taken in his car^o, when twenty-fiic great
fllips, b.diles fmaller vtlfels, appeared on the liult.
The King of Cochin bcinj; iiiioimid of their defi;,ii,
immediately lent the general word, that they came in
purpofc to feek him out, and had 15,000 I'olJiers (ii
board : o(rering, at the fame time, to affill liiiii witii
what he wantt'd. Cabral returned thanks, but (aid,
he (liould be.ible, with the few he had, to make them
repent their errand. The general obferving that they
hovered about, and did not venture within a league ot"
his fleet, weighs d anchor, and went out againft them :
but a dorm aniing, and the wind (hi.ting contrary, he
was obliged to return.

On the next d.iy, the loth cf January, the winti
proving very fair, the general piepaicd to move to-
wards the enemy 1 but milling Sanelio de Toar's
(hip, which was the fecond in fize, and bcft provided
with men, he thought fit to change his refolu-
tion, and make the bed of his way home. Hewa*
followed all day by the Calicut fleet, which at night
left him. This accident prevented him from return-
ing to Cochin, as he had propofed, to let on Ihorc tin
nayres, hollages ; w ho, after five days fading, were re-
conciled to eat on board, by the general's good- words.
On the fifteenth they anchored" before Cananor, -^i
leagues to the north of Cochin. 'Ibis city is veiy
large. 'I'he houfes are of earth, and covered wiili
flates. 'i'here is a fine bay before it. The country
produces plenty of ginger, cardamons, tamarinds,
mirabolans, cadia, and the like 1 but no more pepper
than is conlumed in the country. The Moors drove
here a great trade. The pools, near the city, brei'd ali-
gators. Hcrcareadders likewile fo poifonous, that they
were fuppofed to kill men with their breath, and bats a>
large as kites, the head being like that of a fox : they are
very good to eat : provilions are plenty. The king was
a Uramin, and one of the three independent princes
of Malabar, but not fo rich as either the y i.-.ce of
Calicut or Coulan. Here the general took in 400
quintals of cinnamon : and it being judged, that ilie
reafon why he did not buy more, was for want of mo-
ney, the king lent to tell him, he might have what
he would on trud. This generous ofl?r Cabral ile-
clincd with thanks ; and took on board an ambad'adur,
fent by the king to cultivate KrieiidOiip with the court
of Portugal. Afterwards he departed, making his way
acrofs the gulph, lying between India and Africa :
about the middle of which, on the thirty-fird of Ja-
nuary, he took a great merchant-fliip ; but finding it
bflonged :-> the king of Cambaya, let it go again,
finding woid that the defign of his coming to India
was not to make war with any of the princes btlong-
7 «ng

TO THE EAST INDIES.

«73

ing to it, though hv h.id hccn forced to it by the S.imo-
rin's brcacii ot peace. FIc took nothing out ol' the
flii|> but a pilot, to conduct him through the gull.
Being arrived ne.ir the African coalt, the 12th of
February a Itorni fuddeiily aroli-, by whicli in ttie
night, the flilp uf Sancho dc I'oar was driven on
fliore, :uiii taking Hre was burnt ; but all the men
were favcd. J-'olliiwing their couric in this tempciJ,
they pallid by Melinda, not being able to put in there,
nor at any other place upon the coalt, till they came
toiMiizambique, where theycalt anchor in order tu lelit
their (hips and take in water.

Cabral, in the mean lime, fentdcToar to difcover
Sofala, and the fleet being in readinefs, I'ome lime af-
ter he proceeded on his voyage. Near ihe Cape of
(lood Hiipe, they were att.icked by feveral violent
ibirms, in which one of the (liips was feparated ; at
lalt thiy doubled it the 22d of May, and had favour-
able weather till they came to Cape Vcrd, where they

i.iet with I)ie_!^o Diaz, who li.iving hern f pnrn'rd
from the fleet in its way to the liulies, wasdrivtii into
the Red fea, where he loll hi boat and moll ni his
men, by lickncl's and w.iiit ol prcn ilioiH. 1 lie pilot
not venturing to carry him to Indi.i, he returned to-
wards I'onugal, with imlv liven men on hoaid ; who,
after quimnjx the Arabic gulf, grew llrong and able
to manage the tackle.

'Ihe general finding there came no more fliips, . Im-
parted for Lifbon, where hcairivedthe jilt of July,
1501. He was lolUnved in a fe.vdavsby iIr- ihip
which feparated from him at the Cape of Cio'il Hnpi-,
;.iul after that came indc I'oar, « liobr>jiii'lil.;iiaeei>uiit
that Sufala was a linall iflaiid, elol'u to tiK' eontiiu nr,
inhabited by Calfris; th : ''e .loois Iron Indii
traded there for gold, wlieK. : re were minis up the
country. Of llie twelve flilps that weiitoutof I'or-
tu;jal, only fix returned, the other fix btiiig never
heard of mure.

150U

THE VOYAGE OF JUAN DE NUEVA.

Nucva

BEFORE Cabral returned, the king of Portu-
gal in the month of March 1501, lent another
fleet to India ; but as he imagined the contention be-
gun in the firll voyage at Calient was at an end, and
thai a trade had been fettled there by Cabral as well as
at (^liloa and Sofala, he thought fit to fend no more
than three fliips and a caraval, with only 400 men in
tliem, two carrying mcrchandife to Sofala, and two
to Calicut. He appointed Juan dc Nueva general,
[admiral] of this fleet a native of (iaiicia, and an
experienced leainan. Mis inllructions were to touch
at San Bias, and, in cafe he milled any of his flops,
to IV., it there lor tlicin ten days, and after which he
was to proceed to Sofala, and if a factory was not al-
ready ellahlifli'd, he was to fettle one if poflible.
Then he was to call at Q^iiloa, and thence fail over
to Calicut i where if he found Cabral, he Ihoiild
acknowledge him as !;cnera1, and get him to cflahllfh
a factorv at Sofala on his return, in cal'c his own at-
tempt fliould pnnc ill vain. IJe Nueva (having dil-
coveied tiie illaiid of Conception in tight degrees louth
latitude) got laf.- to San Bias (beyond the Cape of
(r.iiKl Hiv-) >\here in an old (hoe was found a letter
Wiilten by I'edro dc .\tayde, before-nientioiied, whii h
gave an account how matters Hood at dlicut, Co-
chin and Cananor. Concluding, upon this, that it
was not proper to leave the caraval at Sofala, having
but fi-w men, they pall'id on ; and in Augull arrived
at Mw^ambiijue, then at Q^iiloa, having tound an
illand, whicli, from the tommaiider, was called
it Jmnilc Juan de Nueva. At .Melinda, the king informed them
ot what had paflld In India, as the banilhed man had
done at Quiloa. Not far from the former they chaced
two great (hips, and took and burned one of them.
From thence they ciolTed the gulf to Anchcclivia,
where they arrived in Novemlwr ; and while they
Hayed to take in water, feven large fliips of Cambaya
paU'id by, in their way to the Iheights of Mecca ;
but not caring to engage did not Ifop. The fleet be-
ing come to anchor, the general had a conference
with the king, whopien'ed him to leave his fliips there :
but De Nueva, defirous firft to talk to the factor at
Cochin, declined that offer. <-)n his way thither, he
took a Ihip belonging to the Moors of Calicut, after
a vigorous defence, and cauled it tobe burned. Be-
ing arrived at Cochin, the faftory, with the reft of
the company, came on board, and acquainted him,
that the king was greatly ort'endcd with Cabral, for
leaving the port without lecing him, and carrying
away the hoftages ; that, notwithifanding, they were
all kindly entertained, thai at night they were lodged
Vol. I. N' 24.

in thcpabre ; and if in the day anyof them wcntabroad,
they had nayres to attend them; obferviii!; that this
care was taken by the kin'^ to ilefend rlioin from the
i\tojrs, who had one night let fire to their houfe.
He alio told the general that tiny had prejudiced
ihe merchants of the country fo much againit the
Portuguefe commodities, that they would not take
them in exchange for thole of India, ohferving withal,
that if he had not brought money, they would not
part with their fpices. This havin'^ been the ceneral's
cafe, he returned immediately to Cananor ; but mo-
ney being required there as well as at Coehiii, and it
coming to the king's car, tliat he had bro«:;ht none,
that prince, rather tlian he fhould return with empty
(hi|is, was fo generous as to become l:is leeurity for
1000 quintals of ptpper, 50 of ginger, and 450 of
cinnamon, befidcs I'ome linen cloth, till the factor,
whom ho left at Cananor, with two clerks, lliould
fell the mcrchandife put into his tudody. Afie. the
lading was taken in, on th; t^A\ of D.cembe:, tie
king lent him word, that above eighty praws appeared
to the northward, lint by the Sanii rin toattacic him j
and advifed him to land with his nun and ordiiai c.
The general fent to thank th.- kine, but let him know
withal, that he did not fear to meet his eneniv by lea.
Next morning, by day-break, about one hundred
fliips and praws full of Moors, entered the bay. As
fooii as the general perceived them, he removed into
the middle of it, and ordered his fliips fo pour in
their fliot upon the enemy without intermilliijii ; by
which means they durft not approach to lav the Por-
tuguefe on board, and having brought no ordnance
with them, they could do their foes 110 harm at a di-
flance.

It w.is to this want of cannon, doubtlefv, that the
Portuguefe owed their fafety, and boldncls to face
them lij long. Having (lain inany of the Moors, and
funk feveral of their veHe-ls, without a man hiing hurt
on their fide, the enemy towards evening hung out a
fl.ag. The general at firft fuppofing it to be I'ome
artifice, continued his fire : but perceiving they did
not take their fl.ig down, and moll of his ordnanfe
being burft with (hooting, at length gave over, and
ani'wered them with another flag. Whereupon a
Moor was fent in a fmall boat to defire a truce till
next day, which was granted, on condition that they
fliould quit the harbour and put out to lea, which they
did. At the fame time the general quitted his flatioii
alfo, and came to anchor near them ; but finding in
the night that the enemy came in their boats with an
intent, as was fuppofed, to fire his fliips, he removed
4 ** farther

!«:4

PORTUGUESE VOYAGES

1502 farther off"; and a« ihry dill followed him, he ordered '
» ' a gun til be fliot at them, on which they retaatcd,
and ftood away for Calicut. — IX- Nueva immediately
alter this, tnok his leave iil' the king of Canajior, and
fct fail f»r 1'oitiig.il, where he arrivcti fafely with all
hit (hips. Al'iet hit departure, there came to Cana-

noroneof hi$ men who had licen taken jwifuntr M
Caliitit, and w.ii fent by the Samoria tocxtul.! what
had been done both to him and the forirnr pciier.4
Pedro Alvarez Cabrjl, offering toLidr hi>i (hil>s, if he
would come ii> C:ilicut, and gi»e him luflicroit
pledge* for hit licurity.

THE SECOND VOYAGE OF VASQUEZ DE G A M A.

THE reader has already had an account of the
titil voya^ of Vafquez de Gamn, aiul proper
rcafons were alfigned for deferring the relation of the
fi'cond, which nuw comes in according to the rule
that we prcfcribed ourftlves.— — <

As it appeared from Cahral's account that it would
be n(.'ce<rary to apply force in India, or quit the at-
tempt uf cftablilhing a fettlemcnt there, the king
fent out three fquadrons, in March, iso2i the firii
of ten (hips, commanded hy Vafquez de Ciama, now on
his fcconil voyage. The (econd of (ive (liips, under
Vincent Sodrc, which was to range the coalt uf Co-
chin and Cananor, and hinder the Moors (that is the
'I'urksand Arabs) from trading in the Indies by w.itcli-
ing the mouth of the red fea. 'I'hc third was under Ste-
phen deG>>ma, but all were fubordinate to Vafquez.
The whole confiAcd of twenty (hips; and they were
gone before Juan de Nueva arrived. — The command
of this fleet was (irft conferred on Pedro Alvarez de
Cabral : but on farther confidcratiun, it was given to
V-ifqucz de Gama to whom thi- king delivered the flag
with great honour, in the cathedral church, giving
him the title of Admiral of the Eallern Seas. With
him returned the ambafladors of Cochin and Cananor,
who had been much honoured hy his Portugucfe
mujefty. The two firll fquadrc<ns departed in March ;
the fccnnd, not till the firit of May. Don Vafquez
off Cape Verd met with a car.ival bound for Lilbon,
with much gold from La Mina, fume of which he
(hewed to the amhaliadors, and thiy, furprized, laid, it
did not agree with the account the Venetian ambad'ador
in Portugal, had given them, viz. that the Portu-
gucfe without the hrip of Venicr, could licarcely put
ihips to fea. This was fpoken out nfinvv, bttaufe
they were like to lofe their trade with India by way
of Egypt.

Having doubled the Cape of Good Hope, and
pafTcd the currents, Don Vafquez, with four of the
fmallcft veflcls, ftruck off for Sofala, and fent the
reft of the fleet before him to Mozambique. He went
purfuant to the king's orders, not only to obferve the
iituation of that city, and fee if there was a conveni-
ent place. for building a fort, but alfa to infpc^t the
{;old of the country. He made friend(hip with the
kin^r, and obtained leave to fettle a factory : after
which, mutual prefents pafl'cd between them. Hav-
ing (p It twenty-five days in this tranfat^ion, he
di'|\i"ed, and in turning out of the river, loft one of
his fhip'., -but favcd the men.

Having reached Mozambique, he m.idc friendfliip
with the kini:, who was fo averfe to it in his firft voy,
age; .ind ohfaiiad leave la fettle a faflory : the whole
intent whereof was, to provide viftuatling for the
Por'ugUffc fleet:- which (hould touch there in their
voyag cither jioing or coming. From hence depart-
ini', he «rrive<l at Qiiiloa, the twelfth of July, with
a icliiliition to force the king to become tributary for
Ills ill ui'agi* to Cabral. As foon as he came to an-
ciior, Ibrahim, more through fear than any thing
elfe, paid him a vini on (hip-board, Don Vafquez
knowinii; that he was not tobe tru(Kxl, and having him
in his 1 ower, without farther ceremony, threatened
to cor>li,j<: him under the hatcheii uoleft he immediately

agreed to pay his mafter tribute. — The captive piinoe
proniili'd .tooe miticds of gold yearly ; .ind t-an- for
pledge one Mahomet, a wealthy Moor, w hum he
mortally hated, in order to get iid ul him. lui the
moment Ibrahim got back to (^iiloa, h'.- rUiifed ta
perform hit agreement; not lu much to five the
money, as to provoke 'he general to kill hiv f eurity.
But the Moor finding the tribute came not, ihotight
lit to pay the fum hinifelf, and was relialed. Here
Stephen de(>ama joined the general with his Hiet,
and both togeth.r pmci-cded on their vojage. He wa*
put by Mclinda, and forced to water eight leagues
beyond it in a bay, whence fprcading his lleet, that
no (hip might efcape him, he took kveral ) but wai
moft fevere upon tliuf. uf Calicut.-^— Being arrived
on the coaft uf .India, near Mount Deli, to the north
of Cananor, hemet a fliip of great bulk, called the
Mars, belonging to the Sultan of Egypt, which was
very richly laden, and full of Moors of quality,
who were going on pilgrimage to Mecca, This (hip
being taken, after a vigorous refiftance, the nenera(
went on board ; and fending for the principal Moors,
ordered them to proilucc luch nierchandili-s as they
had i threatening, otherwife to have them throwo
into the fea. 'J'hey pretended nil their efFuSs were
at Calicut : but one- of them having been flung
over-board, bound hand and foot, the reft, through
fear, delivered their goods. All the children we.'c
carried into the general's fliip, and the remainder of
theplunder wasgiven to the failors. After which, Ste-
phen de Gama, by Don Vafqucz's order, lit fire to
the veffel. IJut the Moors having broken up the
hatches under which they were confined, and
quenched the flames with the water that was in the
Ihip, Stephen was commanded to lay them aboard.
The Moors being made defperate with the apprehen-
fion of their danger, received him with great refo-
lution i and even attempted to burn the other (hi]>s.
As night came on, he was obliged to defift without
doing his work : but the general gave orders that
the veffel (hould be watched that ilir naffengers might
not, by favour of tht darknefs, efcape to land which
was near. All night long, the unhappy Moors
called on their prophet to help them. In the morning
Stephen de Gama w.is fent to execute hit former
orders. He boarded the (hip, and fetting fire to it
drove the Moors into the poop, who ftill defeiMled
themfelves i fur fome of the failors would not leave
the veffel till it was half burnt, many of the Moors
when they faw the flames ajiproaeh them, leaped into
the fea with hatchets in their hands, and I'wimming,
fought their purfuers ; fome even made ti;i to and
attacked the boats, doing much hurt : howe\er, molt
of them were at length /fain ; and all thofe droA-ned
who remained in the (hip, which foon after funk, fo
that of three hundred perfons, among whom were
thirty women, not one efcaped the fire, fword, or
water. A terrible inftancc of barbarity exercifed by
men calling themfelves chriftians. The general being
come to Cananor, fent to acquaint thekinghcdefircd
to f[)cak with him. I'"or this piirpofe a womlen bridf^
was made, which entered a good way into the water,
this was covered with carpets j and at the end towards

land

TO THE EAST INDIES.

?'i

land a houre of wood was (et up rurniflicd a\(n with
carpt'tM. The king arrived ftrO atu-ndcd by 10,000
jiayreii ihc trumjKl^ lnumling, and utliiT inllrumenti
playing before him. Soon nficr ihr general caim- accom-
|unicd with .ill the boatxjf the llcttfurnilhcd with llagi,
niufical ijilltiiincntf, ami ordnance, under the drl-
charge of which In landed. There were carrietl before
him t«o large filver bafons gilt, to wafti in, covered
with pllCv■^ of coral and other things elleemcd in the
Indie*, lie was received at the head uf the bridge by
fcveral nayrei, placed there for the purpofe, and the
king came to the door of the houie to meet him,
where that prince embraced him, and then they
walked in towlher to the room of audience, where
there were placed two chairs, on one of which the
kill); (at down, though contrary to the ciiftom of the
Indians, in refpecl tothe ccncral. At this interview,
« treaty of friendfliip and commerce was concluiie J,
and a faitory granted at Cananor, in confcqiience of
which, the general laded fome uf his (hips, and then
departed for Calicut.

When Ciama arrived in the harbour, he took feveral
praws, with about lifty Malubars in them, before it
WIS known who he was : but forbore all hollilitics
againft the city, to feu if the king would take any
notice of him. In fonic time there came a boat on
board, carrying a (la(; with a Krancifciu Kiiar,
uhiiin, at firit figlit, they took for one of thofc left
with Avrcs Correa. On emerinc the ftiip, he faid
Deo gratias ; and then they dilcnvered he was a
Moor. He made an apolo^>y for uoming in that dif-
guifc, which it feenis, he put on the more eafily to Ik-
admitted ; being fcnt with a med'agc from the
S.irnorin to the gener.il, about fettling a trade at
Calicut. Uama':. anfwcr was, that he fliould
not talk of any fuch matter, till the king had made
hin> falisfa£li«n for the goods that were in the fai^tory,
when he coiifcntcd to the death of Correa and the
i.fl.

■J'hrce days were fpent in melTagcs backwards
and forwards without any cffeU : when the general
roiiceivi .g the drift was only to delay time, fent
the Samorin word, that he would wait for his final
anfwer no longer than noon ; and in cafe in that time
he did not comply with his demands, lie would m^ikc
cruel war on him with Hrc and fword, and would
(H'gin with thofe of his I'ubjeAs whom he had taken
piifoiierc. On this occafioii, he called for an hour-
plaf-. ; and told the Moor who carried the meiVage,
that as fooii as it had run out fo many times,
lie wuld infallibly put his threats in exerution.
T'he Samorin influenced by the Moors fcnt no
anfwer; therefore when the time was expired,
Dc (iaina ordered a gun to be ftiot oft', which Wus
the figiial for his Captains to hang the poor Malabars
who »rrc diftiihuted aboard their Ihips, when dcld,
he ordered their feet and hands (0 he cut ufT, and fent
in a praw guarded by two armed boatv, with a letter
for the Sanorin, written in Arabic ; giving him to
undcrflrfnd that in fuch manner he propoled to reward
him for his rcjM-ated breaches of iaith and deceitful
dealings ; and that for the kiiij; his mailer's goods,
he would recover them an hundred fold. 1 ncn he
ordered three thips to advance as near the fliore as
|>ofliblc in the night, and the next morning their
ordnance was played without intermillion upon the
city whereby many of the houfes were demoliftied,
and among the rell the king's palace. This done,
he departed for Cochin, leaving Vincent Sodi^ with
fix ihips, to ftiiur the coalls, and obllriicl the

Moorilh trade. A« foon as Gnma entered the

harbour of Cochin, Trimumpara fent hoilages on
buard and came in pcrfon to meet him on land. At
this interview DeGama delivered him king Emanuel's
letter and prefent. The letter imported thanks for
the kind treatment Cabi al had met with, and confent
for fettling a failory at Cochin, The prefent eon-
fifted of a crown of gold, thick fet with jewels ;
a gold collar enamelled, two filver fountains wrought,
two pieces of hgiircd atras, a coiUy pavilion, and a
7 .

piece of crimfon fattin, and another of fendal ) I'l i-
mumpara received it with pUalure and the p.ivilion
beinj; fet up to Ihe.v the iik of 11, a l.iriher lu iiy of
peace was cone I uli-d within ii. The king all'og.v.u
a houfc for the f":'. irv, and liitlcd the rates at whuli
fpices were to l,- i.eliverid. This .i;;refnielit w.iS
reduced to writing, and ligmd hv Trimumiinra who
fent the king oi I'ortug.il the following; prefint : two
gold braeelcts, fet with precious Hones, a f.i(h lor the
hc.id, ufed by the .MiKirs, of hlvet tilfii ■, tw > y;;riis
and a hall in length, two great pieces of fuie liuiual
Ciillico, and a (lone as hi^ as a walnut npiMtnl to be
good again!) puifoiis, and faid to be takin out of the
head ot a beall, called in the Indies Bul^uljolf, and
very rare to he found.

VVhile (janvi's Ihip was lading, a nnflenjcr came
from the S;iniorin to ac(|uaint him that il he niailJ
return to Calient, all his goods (hnuld be rrllored
him, and a trade granted, the general ordered the
mcdiMger to be confined, in order to pniiilh him, if
the Samorin proved deceitful. And .ig inft the advice
of all his Captains, determined to go alone to
Calicut, fayiii;^, that in cati; of neceflity he would
retreat to Sodre's fquadron, which hovered on that
cnaft. On his arrival in the road, the Samorin fent
him word, that next day eury thing ftiould he con-
cluded: but a> foon as he underllooiT that the general
had left the reft of his lliips behind, heoidered thirty-
four praws to go out and tai^e liim. 1 hcv fet upon
(Jama's (hip fo fuddenly, that to efcape ihem he was
obliged to cut one of his cables, and (land out to fea,
fir all this they did not give over the purluit, but
followed him lo clofe, that he muft injallibly have
been taken but for Sodre'^ Ships, on fight whereof,
the praws made oft'. At his return to Cochin he
ordered the mcll'engcr to be hanged. The Samorin
wa:i much concerned at this; but finding he laid his
fnares in vain, to take Gama, he relolveJ to try
whether he could pcrfuade the king of Cochin to deny
the Portuguefe a liberty of trading in his ports, witli
this view ne wrote him a letter, wherein he called the
I'ortuguefe, robbers, reprefenting the danger that
might attend entertainini; fuch guclts, and the dil°-
plcafurc it gave him. trimumpara anfwered, that
fince they brought money to lay out in his country,
it was his interell to encourage them : and that the
Samorin vtould not be willini;, at his requeft, to
prohibit the Mours of Mecca from trading to Calicut.
The Samorin replied, that he was forry to find the
king of Cochin preferred the friendlhip of chriftian
ftrangers to his, and took |)ai't with his enemies |
advifing him once more to abandon them, as \\a
tendered his own welfare.

The king of Cochin in his anfwer let the Sa.
morin know, that he did not value his thrcatning,
and that he (hould never, through fear of the con(c-
quence be induced to do a bafe or perfidious ai^ion.
'rhe Samorin finding he could not prevail by intreaty,
lefolvcd to apply force, as fuun as the Portuguefc
were returned homewards. Mean time he commanded
twenty-nine large (hips to be fitted out, in order to
attack them once more before they left the coaft {
imagining, that as the general's fleet was heavy laden,
hiswouliTbe better able to deal with it.

The king of Cochin told Gama nothing of what
had pafl'ed between him and the Samorin, till he went
to take his leave, at which time, as a fa/ther proof of
his integrity, he declared he would haz.ird the lot's of
his dominions, to ferve the king of Portugal. The
general, with many exprefTtons of gratitude, afTurcd
him, that his inaftcr would never forget fo many
demonftrations as he had given of friendfhip, and
et^aged in his mafter's name, 10 aft'ord him fuch
cf^(£tual fuccour, that it would be in his power not
only to feoure his own kingdom, but toconquer others ;
adding that thence-forward fuch fierce war (hould he
carried on againft the Samorin, that far from being
able to ;<ttack others, he would have enough to do to
defend Kiinfelf, and promil'cd to fend him a fleet of
(hips forthwith from Cananor. I'he king wa3 the

150^

i^'i V (J R T u t; u E s

150* morf lOiaful wiili the dccLiraiinii of the ijciieral, as it

^ , ^ w.is liiokon Inforc liis lUyrcs i who, in Iriciidlhip t<i

ih' iVi<Niiv, wi'ii' lurry th^it a t'ai^lory had been granted

to llll- I'DrtUiMH-ri-.

I'hi' p'niT.\l li.ivin;; (".liliil from Cochin, about three
leagues Irom I'ad.u.ine, ililciieil the Mooriflj tleet be-
fore mentioncil, which came to intercept hiiii in his

|vi(i'.ij;e. lie then immediately bore duwn upon

ihiin ; and Sodre, with t>ui iithtr e.ipi.rln-, advane-
ini; befoie the rell, attacked two of the larj;el> (liips
wiih III muchfujv, lliat many of the uk-ii Uapidinto

the fc.i, to a\oid their weapons. (lama eomiiin

irp with the rill of the fleet, the remainder of the
enemiis vellils made towards (hore as fall as tliey
could, nor ftiiild the general fufl'tr his Oiiptto follow
them, for fear of iheihoals. Mian while the I'ortu-
j;ii. Ic in their hoaf-, flew all the Moors who defended
themllhes frtinuiiitif; in the water, to the number of
jco pirfonv. In the twofliips tluy found much China
ware, lilver \ellels uilt, and oiher rich merchan-
dil'e; but what exceeded all the tell, was an image of
poM, wei.;liini; thirtv pounds, of amonUious Ihapc :
the eves were two en\eialiU ; part of it was lovend
with a garment of Inaleii gold, curioufly wrought,
and fet with precious Hones. On the btealt ol the
idol was a large ruby, which fent forth a moll biil-
liant light.

The goods being taken out, the fliips were burnt,
and (Jama proceeding to Canaiior, the king gave him

F- V O \ A (J 1; S

a houfe for the ufc of the faclorv, w hich he left therr«
confiding of 24 nun, who Wtre to be funiiflied with
fpiccs at a fettled price, at Cochin. 'I'he two nation*
were to defend each other, and the kine ol Cananor
w.is not to ainil any pi:--e againll I'rimump.ira.
'rhenCiama ordered Sodi ■ remain on tl'atcoall till
February, and if, in tl. mean time, there as any
likclihoo<t of war breaking out between the kings ot°
Calicut and Cochin, he (hould winter at the latter
place i in cafe there was not, he was then to fail for
the Ked Sea, and take all fhips. of Mecca, bound (O
the Indies.

On the 70th tif December, CJama departed for
Poiiugal, with.ii fliips, and came to Mo/,and)ique,
where thiy rchttcd two that were Ir.ikv. At Cape
Corienles they were detained by eontiary winds and
llornis, which came wiili fiidden l(|iialls. (, una ar-
rived :,t Cafcais the full of Siptmiber, where (e-
veral noblemen went to receive and accompany him
to court. He was preceded bv his page, who carried n
filvi r bafon, containing ihe tribute of the kiiigof (^u-
loa. II is mailer ga\> hini an honourable iecepti<ui,jultly
due to his great lirviees, and madehiiii adiiiiial of the
Indian lia-. He conferred (ui him alio the till;
ol Ciuiiit of Vi.legueyrj. Six days after came to
I.ilbon Sirplun de (lama, whole Ihip had been lipa-
rated from th.- rell at Cape Corientes, and in the
wav home had loll its main-mail in bad weather.

Frineirco
.Alhur'iviT
>nd hu III
lull.

VARIOUS VOYAGES AND TRANSACTIONS OF PACHECO, ALBUR-
QLiERQUE, AND OTHER PORTUGUESE ADVENTURERS.

AS the Sainorin envied the advantage which Tri-
mun-.para king ol Cochin, made of the I'ortu-
giul'e trade, and .< as oll'ended with hiin lor encouraging
'he eiitmiisof ihe Moors, whoi.i he fupportcil, wliich
might tiidanger the lofj ol the ti.-de if Arabia and
Eiiypt, he got ti.gitlicr 5C,cco nun ;it I'anaiii, fixleen
Ira^iues f.'om Cochin, and n,.w.:- oth.i preparations for
war. I lie people ol Cuiliin fearing logreat a power,
were l\.r dilivcriii;; up ihe l'ortUj;uefe to the Saniotin,
who d Miaiiileil iv.tlniifMiiore. liut rriiiuimp.ira re-
fiilid, and wt/it out a nil three of his nephews and a
fni.iU f.ice, to meet the enemy ; at the lirll charge he
w.i- fi>rf.ilieii by f.imi' of hii nobles, yet alhlled by the
I'l rtii'iuefe, valiantly maintained a pal's, til! hisnc-
iihews b-.ing killed, whereof one was geneial, and him-
filf wounded, alter lloutly refilling, he was forced to
(U, and I'ecure himlelf ill the Ifland Vaipi, near to
and more teiialdj than Cochin, whn h the Samoiin
took and buriuJ : yet Hill he pcifilled not lodelivcr
up the I'ortuguefc.

Wliilll the people of Cochin were btfiegrd in the
ifiand, there faikd from Lilbon nine fliip;, under three
ilirt'ereiit cr.nimanders ; the iirll was Alonfo (or Al-
phonio) de Alburtjuerquc ; the fecond, p'rancifco de
Allniniuirtiuej and the thiid, Antonio de Saldanna.

Ihe lad were to crui.'e in the mouth of thcRcd

S'a, fjainll theftiipsof Mecca J ihe others to return
with liicir lading. — Krancilcode A Iburiiuerque arrived
firll with more Ihipsthan htbiought out, having met
with thole- of Vincent Sodre, who was ciuiling upon
• th Indian coaft, and diftrelleil by florm, as alti) a
vell'el th.t had been feparatid In ni Uoii \'.ifquc/, De
(jam:!. Sodre had taken four fliips ot C.iliciii, which
lie carried to Cananor, and biirmd leveial Iniall vtf-
fels, but this happened bcfoif the invifion of Cochin,
to whole kiufi ho had ottered his anillancc, but was
not admitted. Therefore failing thence, he touched
al Si>e tra and (iiiirdafu, and, on the co.iil of Ara-
bia, ti.k fonu mIRIs of Cambayaand C.ilicut. Win-
ter coming on, he put fur Ihelter in:o a bay iicii the

idands Curiamuria, .iiid found the Arabs of that coaft
Cilled H.idw'iiis, who lived by their cattle, very traCi-
aiile. Alter two months Hay, they adtifed him to
feek agi'od harbour, to avoid being call away in the
ftjriiT, which arnle about that time. Sodie wouM
not credit thim, believing they laid it only to get rid
of hmi ; but, when it was too late, found tluyfpoke
the truih, heir.g, with his brothir and all the cre«r
loll in a luddeii ttmpcll. The other vellels, after be-
ing in griat Janger, and liift'ering much through-
hunger and thirll, efcaped, and met Krancifco de
Alburqikrqu;', with whom they failed to Cochin. —
The commandu, immedi.itely on his arrival, lent
a prcfent irio the ifland, part whereof was io,ooo
ducats. Then going on fhore, I'rimumpara ran ami
embraced him, crying, Perlu^all Puti.^iilf which
words all the people with great ciies rc|)cated j and the
Portugucfe, to return the civility, tried, Coihin f
C:ikin ! Krancifco comforted the king, giving him al-
lured hopes in the aflidance of his (hips, and the others
he expeilei' Not to lofe time, he fell upon thofo
who held the ifland of Cochin for the king of Cali-
rut, and killing many people, he expelled the rell.
Thence he palFed to Vaipi, and rrllored that country
to its lawful piince. 'ihe territory of the lord of
Rcpeliin, was waded with fire and fword, and onljr
four I'ortuguefe loll in thisadlon.

'ihe joy Trlinumpara received in bcinn reftorcd by
the alhllancc of the Portugucfe, moved liim to grant
them leave to build a fort in Cochin, 'i'he work was
begun when Alphonfoilr Alburi|uerqtie arrived, and it
was called the b'ort of St. Jago. A church was like-
wife then built, dedicated to St. Hartholomcw. Kive
hundred men being put on board fomc vclltrls, taken
from the enc-my, they burned Rc|Klim, after a ftout
defence made by jooonayirs. Alphonfo, ambitious of
performing fome notable exploit by himfelf, advanced
againd 4 town, wlinice a multitude of expert hea-
thens ilTuing, brought him into gieat danger, whicli
was iiic;'eafcd by the aflillaticc of jj vcfTcl!) of Call-
cub

TTc SimDtii
■lliMlblo Li
urn).

He i* rtpfar-
eill) iii.ii.uc. I

T O r il K i: AST INDIE S.

»77

Francifco tic

tut. But liis liroihcr rrJiKirco cominj; ui , liioy wv.ro
put 111 flight, anil muny kill.'d, as wen ;co iii tin-
lllanil Ciul.mi, uIilh thty ilimi^lit tci fmiri.- ihiiii-
filv.-s. Du.vrlc I'.llllno illlllnycd llllltll'.r tnwii, kiil-
iim many "I tin- iiili.iliuam-. A-, tni; I'iiiiii„ui.li
failed, tilty fliipMil' Cilitiit imt thiiii, mid liny, (ili"'
vntt'iii'iii') iiiiw l|'int with latLu.-, wi ro liiijinl^d
at the miii.lvr ; I'lu ilic cannon kingwill p1;')td, tlu
eremy il.liilid tlir li^lu.

I'tppcr wa>c.!)i.ii.iiiied with lomc cxpcnce nf lilt)od.
Th- ijufin CI Ciml.iii I'Hlrtd huiliin t"i tAullii])-..
[Albiiiincnin] went iliillK-r and I. tiled a trade,
and t(i ni.m:ii;e it, Kit heliiiid a laelor, and tweiity-lix
men. Tlvj' king id Calitut peiciiuii, tlu- luciel.
of the l'iirtU(;iuie, diliiid [Kaie, wlmli ua« ;.',ranted,
upiin their dah eondjti..iis ; Inii after h;uin^ liiililkil
only a part of them, he riiiiwd the war. As I ri-
nuiinpara riiHielled that fome able > inniander might
lie Kit at Cdchin with a military Mue ti) afiift hnii.
Dilute Paelieto w.is ftiit tliilher »iih liis ihips i m'
caravals, aVld i lo men.

The All)ui.|ii rqvKS mnv fit out for Kurii;.?, wlierc
AlpiiDnlo anivid i.ile , • but Fiancifco niid liiv Ihij

■'^'l'""l"f "1' ' were never Iward ot mure , ai (oi I'c-Irt) de Ataida, h
.ndliuu.. ^^^ |.^^^^^| ^^ M liiH'a, wheie h- had pm in, after
having veatluiid ih' fury rd" a vli.lent t. iiipeft. I Ik
thud commander, Aiitmno Saldanna, who was feiit m
cruif-at the n'omh of theR-dSc.i, i;-,ne to anchor
at St. Thonias's afur !iavi;i; lo!t Dieg'i liriiandi./.
Pcteira. Ruy I.oren/.o b'-ni^ U p;ir.ui I irom tiitn ly i
ftorm, wasdrivrii-iip fiom Mo/; mi'iniie, fio.n «li.iit.-
lie failed to f^iil i:i, and looli ft. me Uiidl i>ri/,>-. De-
liroii« however o; doiii^ fume rtir.arkabU- action, he
Dikd to ilicifland if Zin/,ib.ir, t.Neny li.i;ues Irom
Mombada, wliiiv he took twenty fiu.dl vi Ifels, .ind
rfterwauN appiMrid befnie the loun of that name. —
'J'be king 111 till out f.\eral pi iws wiih ,in intention
tif tikin.^ his lllipi but tlie iDii^boJl dife.ittd lli.ir
piirpofe, liii>k four praAS, and killed feveral ot tli.ir

p'.i>,>le The kiii^ afierwar.Is made an attempt

tDd.fenl the plaie with his army, but this was de-
fcilcd, .Tiid his liiii ll.iin ill the iiiji.i^emeiU ; after
which the- vn uiuiflKil parly olVcred l.i become tribu-
tary to the liiii;; of I'ortU'.'.al. I'loin luiue l.oren/o
failid to Meiind.i. In his way tij took tv\o fniall vef-
fels, on board of which win- tneKe ma^ilhatts
of Biav.i, who pruir.ifcd thai city Ihould likewife
become tributary to the Portii);ueli-. M this lime
the kings of .Mombada and ,\!tliiula biiiyat war,
were on the point of i iniin^ to a b.ittlci but S.ildanna
arriving, the latter filled matters with thefoiimr

While theli: thing- were p .inn;;, the Samorin of
Calicut was not idle ; he called i nind him the princes
of Mal.ibar, and .illliiMeJa body of 50,CCO men for
the lea as well a; ihi land fervice. Forty ihoufand of
thef- WMt tmbarkcd in 2'So velli-N, hiviiurwiih th'. m
381 pieces of cannon, intended for ilie purpofe of bat-
teriiv;th- new frt, while the i.ind-firei. wsto attack
the fordin;-place of a ilv-r ihit pall' d t 1 th • illand.

As maiivof the king of Cochin's ful)jic!s ilcfertcd
him, th.it pnncs b.i;an to be in fear tor the event.
I'acheco hnwever, eiic(>ur;iged alike hi.s own people
and their allie=, and made proper preparations fur
main' or.ing the e\p;^^ied ccn.bat. lie ] l.md ^5 men
in th • Ihip, and jy in the fort ; he put 2 j men into
one boat, and tiiiew lilmlllf with 2;. iiiio another.
The rcll o*" his r.>rcc confiiled of joo M dabars ; and
the kin:, remained » iili his troops to guaid the city.
With this fiiall powur the Sanioiin, who h.id quar-
tered hiii.dlf in a neighbouring viU.i_^f, was defeated
witii griat lofs. Hi-, men were routed with great
(la'ijdu. r in three di;Tcre;it cngayemcnts which they
had in .iifputins; the I'.il-.. At the fame time 15000 of
them wiie deieited by lan.l ; and afurwards four
towns were burned by ihe '. ic^or in the inirfuit.
'. The king of Cochin w.is Hill unhappy in thofe

TVe ^imorin
■iriaiblo lio
um).

Ilei' rtptjt-

CUI) ULllJlCit.

* Amonp.ft other tliiiiR'. w'.iicli lit l)roii(;iit home wert n qiun-
lUyof [KaiU, an exceeding Inrgu ih.i'.nniiil, and iwo line Ar*.

about him, u ho continued to drfeit to the enemy, nt
which I'aihicii was iiukIi dilpU.ifeil and fue cd' tin!
d Krters, luiiij; lecured, he obtaiiud lenve to punillt
tliem. When thefe were ficutid, the Portu;;uefe
cwi.inander laiifid it to be reported that th' y wiru
li..i;',id, with V. huh, however, the king and his peo-
ple win highly diljil. aled.

Th, S.inioriii, lu.tv. ihllandin^ his defeat, rcturne.l,
and .uiimpted anotl. f rd, and found t'^'- I'oitu-
giiulc and ilair p.llii s again '.iiepand lor lii- uceplion.
I)ii ;'0 I'm/ : lid I'ldro Rapll i» I weupoU.d with two
cara\:.ls and foim' Imi;.i«, wliiii lb" loul oI Kipelini
wa> to alt II k with ^ono men. At this very jiinoture
no lels ili.in ^ oMi.ois diUiud I'uhiio, who i\aiit-
111;; powder, lent to the prince of t.ocliin, but he did
not relicM- him, the milV n^ir treacluioullv lorbear-
ing to deliver the nicll.^i- ; hut l'..il,eeo nen .'ining
all difficulties, killed 050 of the .Sainorin's men, ulio
retired to a glove of palm-lnci, wherr nine wire
(lain lU near limi, that he was Iprinkh d with their
blood i he aluruards lolt (1^, .^ more by the plague.

Alter this ilie king ot C.ilicut nir.de great pripara-
tii.iis ; and in the mean time fitig'ued I'.ahico with
feveral llratagems and treaelurii'.. 'Ilie Bramiu
conjurors propoied making a powder, which being
llir.j,vn into th.' eyes o'' the I'oi tuguif-, would blind
th. 111, and fo they would be lafile overcome. Utfides,
ihiy hi'd a new inv. ntion of c.dtles that were to de-
llr..y them, and the .Moors of Cochin were umler-
h.iml bribed to poifon the water of the illaiid. The
]iowder was looked upon as lidiculou-, but L'leat caic
.vas taken by I'aduco to prevent th; poifon. 'i'hc
eallles were eight in nun. her, tifieen feet high j eatli
placed upon two boats, and carr\in^ in.iiiy men.
I'.ieheco had 160 men divided inio K.nr partie , the
ford, the fort, in the caravals, and the lliip ; . 'd herein
conlilUd thepiincipal llrcnglh of the km;' '01 o| (J,,,
chin: for of the ^'l,noo m, 11 the kin;', had :it tirll,
there were now but 8coo left, many of the princijul
nun having deferted. The Samorin liad brought
80, ceo men, and lofl 20,C0O. Whilll the tow'crs
'.verc preparing, I'.ieheco, who was alVanlted by a
niinib. r of praws, in one attack killed lome men,
and too'-, five boats j in another eight, with ihirteeii
pieces of cannon.

Six bold negros ofi'ored to kill him, and in order
thereto, came over as d. fcrters ; but he liaMiig intel-
li;;enc'.', apprehended, and Cent them to the king. The
Samorin gave out, that the I'ortugutfe of Cochin
were a" killiil, to the intent that thofe who rcliilcd at
Caiiaii'ir and Coulan, ftiould be deftroyed. This
brought them into great danger ; one or two wire
killed, and many wounded. The king of Cochin was
rcfolvcd to endure the utmoft miferies, rather than
abandon the I'ortuguefe : but fearing thefe few mull
at lall be over-powcrcd by the multitude of the ene-
my, eariieftly intreatid I'acheco to quit the cnterprile.
I'aclieio bid him be of good courige and not dilhearteii
his fubjecls with any fign of fear. To chcar up
the Portiigu-I'e, he went on board thefliip, and made
a molt pathetic fpcech, which gave new vigour to
them all, but much more his e.vample at that very
time ; for fcarce was the fpeccli ended, when tliccne-
mycamc toafl'ail him, and burn his (hip, but Pacheco
ufed long beams, one end of which relHiig on the iliip,
the other hindered theapproach of the flaming towers.
The enemy appeared with 290 (iiiall veflcls, well
ftored with men and artillery, and eight ca(Hes, one
carrying 40 men 1 two, 35 each j and everyone of the
other live, 30 men, with fire-works in front. The
iliore was covered with 30,000 men, with good artil-
lery, and, at the h -ad of them, the lord of Repelim,
with a vaft number of pion-ers. The fight began, the
odds being almoft three hundred veflels to three. At
firft the artillery did no great hurt ; but being con-
tinued, tore the towers to pieces, and when the fmokc
4 C wa*

hian Iiurfci, faiil tu be the Hid of the breed that kaj cvci leen
(ecu ill Poriu^'al.

1505

III

a78

PORTUGUESE VOYAGE S.

1505 wi< fomfwhnf allajrec), the Tea appcareil cr.vrrvd wtfli
^''vSi* linikcn hnjn, arm«, ilcjJ b«)dic>, and others ltriigi;lin^
with (Kalh : llic fi;,ht m as iciu-\mJ with an-M M\ to
thi' i-niiiiy, ami net one Portiii'mlc li])lnl. Nixtday
the Samorin rcHiir.^il to fhr r I .iigr, niiil \\ 's hi:iliii
off with pnMicril.im.ii;r. Thus liaiinj IciH iH.ocxi
iiic n in the fjiaic ot In c iiv>nlhs, by tlit aJmv nf hi"'
Hininins, ho rctir<.J to du penance ; mid by coiifint
111 his coiiiKil, iltdnJ a pcacr, whiih the kmi; ol
Covhi.i gjjiilcd. At thi^i tiiiu- I'.iehio, |iur(ii.ijii to
u nieUji;!' from the t..i[r,T at t'iiiil.in, weiii thither,
and made live fliips of Mi;, rn fiilmiJt, who obftrtnHcd
the market of i>i|i|)ii-, whuh iilierw.uds he took at

li.iir own i.ite, without (I'liiig them any harm.

Kinj Kip'nu^'I bring infurniod by Oon Vak|iie7, de
Gams, how nu\flafy it uns to apjKar «ith a ,:re.iler
h'rre in India, fitlrtl out a fliTi of tli;: teen (hips, the
bi^ljtrt thai liad yet been liiili in IViiiirnl, ttitii lico
ir.eii on boaid, and gave the cuiimiaiid uf them to Lujh'
hvinv..

riie fiifl Ijnd of India hi- touched at, was
A'ii:hedi\a, w hire Aiitnni.i di- Saldanna, and Ruy
I.nnnzo wcie refuting, in order to crin/.c on the
tuaft of Canibaya .ii^aiiift the Arabs of Meera. lint
l^opf Soare-i toiili thcin alonj; with him to ('.manor,
xihiic he (laid to pive the iiei-;l''iry ordors, .iiid thui
.\pjic.irii);; beton- V.'.ilicut, h.id fmiie priioners taken in
If).- late war, ddveied to hini : Hut beeaiifi tiny did
not give ii(> all, he for two days battered the city,
whereof he I iiiiiixl jireat pirt, .ind killed jro inha-
buaiits. I hen I'.iiling to Cucliin, (at whieh time
P.iih.co W.1S upon his r-turn to Coulin) th,' kiiiL'
informed him of ilie dam.i^e he icciived from Craiiga-
Mnr, t tiiwn but four Iciljucs uiliant, and fortified by
the i imoriii.

LnpcSoaie/, with great feciccy, provided twenty
vcliels and failed wilh th"ni up t.V- tint, wlure he
found five fJiips, and rij;luy prriws will maiiiiMl,
which were, by two of the forcmo'l /liips liuriit after
a fiiarp uigaijemcnt. Triiiiumpara was to have joined
hiin, but came too late. A niiihii,;de of liuli.iiis and
Moors, with ftiowers of arrows ciule.u oured to hinder
Ins landing;, hut the miifijiKteers made way, and
havin^reachid the town, bin,, ed itdow n to the ground,
while the king iif Calicut lied, hut this viciorv, and
another obtained by the king of Taiior againft him,
pnxluccd n peaiC at lift.

Lop;; Snrcz left .M -niiel Till;?. Rarreto «iih four
fails to fecure the fort of Cochin, and f, t fail, in ordir
to return home; hut rif.lvcdiu lli^ way, tof.ll upon
Pan.ini, a town fubj^cl to Calicut. He was mrl hv
t*enty piiv who pnuring in thiir (hot, drove him
into a bnv, where there waited (Ivcnieen g;iat
Ihips, well Iforeil with cann'j, and provided \. itii
4''ro men. Afrer a licrcc cnj;3arnient, the fliips were
all burnt wilh their la.lii- , wiiieh was very ricli,
and 7C0 Turks dinwncd, b.Tides thofe that periilid by
(ire and fword ; witii the Inf of only twenty-lhiee
F .ru^uife. SiVi,../. Iniled hcnc the be^;iniiing 0/
Janu'ry, ami arrived at L;f1ion<a tlic 22d of July,
1506, -.vitli tliirte.n viitori'.^ui (liips L.d.-n wiili
rirh 'o J three weie of the forerioing year's fleet : of his
n«n he \rtt IVdro Mondo/.a, who bein;; flrai.Ji.!
14. lea;;' .'s from Aquada de S. IJla', was niver
mot ■ h-arJ 01. Ore .if the rahtr ihne was that of
I> ."i Fcrriandez Peteyra, v.'lio, after t.tkinp; f( ver.il
prizes on I he coaft of Mv'ind.i, difcovcredihe i/lami So-
i-?tr.'.. — The ki:.T; placed Duarle I'acheco (who had fo
braiLiy u.lcnded Cochin; by hi., lide, undi r a canopy,
and Went with him in that nianiirr to churih, 10
honour his great valour : but (0011 nfcc ' impii((.ncd,
and fi.fi'eied him to die inif. i;ihly. Such was the end
of thif f;jc3l con<iuc:or in thofe parts, and fuch the
gratitude of Indian kings.

In the year 1507, Don Krancifcode Almcyda failed
Qidoi taken fi nm Portuijal, and arriving at tjMr.hu with his fon
I orinz.o, landed at the hendof 500 iiien, and attacked
tlie city in two pl.i..i'S. When he cntired, Kmir Ibra-
him lied and (a up Portiij;uefe c<doiirs in the field,
wliicli llopi'ej llie purfuit till h:- ii.iJ _^ot over to the

cnntinrnt with bis wives an,' richr*. Thf city wat
plundered without the lolsof oik Portuyuifi, tjioiijjh
■> ^■le.il number u( the enemy wo-s killtd j Ibrahim wa»
bui .11) nlurjier, ihou'^h the foriy-fnurlh , di l.or of
that illaiid. When thin;;;s Wiic fettled, .\hiyda
declared Mohammed Aiilimi (Ibrahim's rrlatiun>
who had been fervictahio to the Portugueh ) kinj of
ih.it place, putting a crown of gidd on lii^ head, with
i;ieat poiiiji. The new kin ' at the lame lone dtclared,
that had ihe lawful king Alfudail, niuideti.l by the
late ufuiper, been livin.;, hr would h.ue rtligned the
Clown to him, and aclua.ly ajipoinled Aifiid.iils
Ion his fuccelKir, though he himli'f li.'d children.
Ill twenty da\ s the foit was railed, into which the
viceroy put 550 njeii, and Icaviiif; a caraval and brigan-
t^ic to cruile there, on the .Sth of Augulf, tailed with
Ihiitceii (hips for Momball'a, fealeJ, as has been iiu-
ticcd, like l^iiloa, in an illand which is .ihoul fourteen
Icagiu s III compals. 'I'hccity it beautiful and ilronp,
wit/i a laiye bay (or (hippint?. Two vtllels that «»'ie
lent to (ound the b.ir, wcie played lipiii with eii-ht
pieces of cannon. UiitabjII l.illiiij; luckily among
the enemies powder, (diliged ihim to quit tlie woik,
and after driiing them lioin two (mailer baflerus, the
Heet 'ntiied without (arther idillance. Don 1 ranciica
iheii went to burn tin (hips of Cambaya in the pott j
and landin:; his mm, entered the town the 15th of
Aiij;iill, while tliekinc (lul out at the other eml. In
Uiis adion only (ivc Portu^uefe were hdl ; of the
Moors, 1513 were killed, and 1100 lakiii; after
which the city being plunderal, was buint to the
giound.

J'roni thence Almcyda departed for India, and com-
ing to An.htdiva, there buiU a f.rt, into which he
jiut eighty men, and then failed to Oiim-, on the coaft
of Malabai, where being ill reciivcd, he buint ihc
town, and tile (hips thai wcie in the haibour, hire
the \ iceroy w as wounded w i;h an arrow ; and a party
feiit to attaik 1500 ol the eiuni), were likely to have
been ileleatid ; but farther mifihief w.is prevented by
Timoja, governor of the city, a man of giaceful
preleiiie, who excufinj his king, and, in his name,
olfering vaflalage to Portugal, appealed Almeyda.
The viceroy then f.iilid to Cuiianor, whcp; he h.id .u\
interview with the king, who biought with him
50CO mm Well arimd, and !;ave him leave to build a
lort in the harbour ; w hue he left Lorenzo de Hrito
with 15c men, and twovdJMs, to crui/e upon tiie
coaft. iieipg inlormedatCothin.that allinthe fa.5lory
at Coiilan li.id been killed by the Moors, he fcnt Ins
i'm.i thither, with ihiee fliiji^, and three caravals,
y/iuch burnt twenty-lour (llip^ (b.lcnging toCalicut,
and other places) tluic prepared to receive them, only
a few of the.Vl(X>rs being favtd by fwimming. Almcyda
intendid to ha\e crowned Tiiinumpara at Cochia
to reward his fuiility and galantry : but he being
retired to a religious life, it was thought tit tobeftow
that hoir.jur upon Nambeadora, his nephew and
lucctirur, who was inaugurated with great lulemnitv,
with a crown of gold fct with jewels, carried from
l'ortu;.',al lor that purpofe.

King Kmaiiuil fetit Pedro dc Annaya after Hon
Krancido, with fix fliips to build a fort at Sofola,
(anions I.. r its gold trade; to fecure which, he had
already cauled a lort to be built at (^liloa, another at
Mozambii|ue, and a faiftory to be fettled at Melinda }
Annaya lailld a fort thcr' , ftrong, though of wood,
with leave of the king, who imagined that the Poitu-
guilc would be foon obliged to quit it, bccaufe the
coiiniiy was unhialthy ; but finding himfelf deceived,
he look llii- opportunity, whin Annaya had fentaway
thieeol hi-- lliips, and bis men were wckcned tliroui'_h
difeafes laiifid by the bad air, to afliiult the place
with 5000 CaflVis; butgrc.athavock was made with the
cannon; iliough only thirty-five Portugucle were able
to hear arms. Afterwaids (allying out with fifteen or
twenty M.Mrs, they drove the enemy into a wood of
pnim trees; and attacking the town by night, with*
few men, enterid the king's houfe, w ho (food behind
the duor >\ith a fcyinctar, and wounded Annaya in the
7 neck i

ii«r<u.

TO THE EAST INDIES.

«7f

WiU.

ntf k t l»>t wi« Toon killril. with m.ttiy more. Nixi
day lii> Ihii, with .ill ill ' ,MiMir«, ull.iulliil llu- lorl,
but ill \aiiii lor (lie fn^ht rui-d in.iiiy ril tlic liik,
whojninrj ill Ihr 1 orimi4>n del. lu'i'. AlurMMrils the
brcrlirrs I'l II out ;il>oul the riicccirioii i anil Aiiiia-
V« briii'^ I'.iilicil by Sol} ni.iTi, crowiicil him i whi liT
ni< nwii (' I iirily, mailf nil .illiaiicc with thi' I'urtii-
gU'le. Iliri- AniMyn Imiml twenty I'cirtii.'Ud,' in a
raifernlpji' cofiiliiion. At Cipt Ci.iii.iiic., i)ciii;; im
longrr :iblf to kci-p iheir fliip .ibovc w.iti.T, thf-y r.in Irt
afliorc : after which, ri-lu(iii<; tii obey lliiii i;i|itiiiii.
Lope Sanchez, thry tlividctl Into fov.-r.il roniiiiinics,
•no To travclU-J tliroii^h tliofc unknown countrieH.
Thrv riiHi rid extreme hnrdlhip* lutore they reaclud
Sofafii. All were lad cxocpl thcife twenty, and five
found hv Antonio ilc .Magellan.'., in the river ot
Quilcim.i.

I'ho kingdom of Sofiila is a large trafl of land, 750
leagues in circumference ; fiibjeifl to the Moiioniotu-
pa, whofe empire bears the lame name : it is watcnd
by the Rin del EfiHTitii Sani'lo, and Ciiama, the lat-
ter navigible a ^o len;{iies : thefc, .in. I many other ri-
wn that fall into them, are famous for their golden
fiUKls. Moft part of the l.ind enjoys a tem|>erate air,
is ploafml, whidifome, and fruitful. Here arc reared
great fliielis (if (htrp, with wholi; fkins the natives are
cloaih«-<l, beeaufe of the cold fnuth winils. Alonf; the
bafk of Cu.inia, the country is n.ouiitainou'., covered
with wood', and watered with many rivers, which
make it delightful. Here it is the belt peopled, and
Hie common rehdencc of the Monomotapa. It is
ilncknl with el.-phanfs, (confequently ivory) and
minnt of i;old, encompalFcd thirty Icapm-s about with
tnotinl.iiiv , oiitlic tops whereof ilic air is f'r"ncand
clear. Tli?y are c.iUd the .Mines of M.ii.ie.i, 50
leajiues fouth-wi (I of Sofal.i. Tin re nre otiv rs 15'^
leagues didant, iiuiie then much valued by tli .rowii-
«ni.

Here are fnmc Iviil lin''s of wnn''erfiil ftriuTure,
Tritii iiifcriptions of unkn" vn eh;, aiter-: ; but llu na-
»i»e5 know not'.in:; if their found itiop. 'Iheinlia-
bitanls billeve in one (J.hI, under the name of Mo-
mime, and uf- ;• > iniapes. Viteher.ift, theft, and
adultery, are moll feverelv puniflird by tin ni. Th' y
have as mmy wives a- thi v can m;;iniain : th<i:e of
riK king are above inco, but the fiift commands the
l«ft, .■"iiM-rr childrio inherit. In their funerals they
are vrrv fionrllitious. Their cloathinj; is cotton, the
better fort mi .d with fomc;.;old threads. The houfes
♦fwotul. Tlie king's attendance were more reremo-
flious thin ;r"Tt, his ;;iiards was two hundred dogs,
and Ik- was follo-.vd by SOT jeders. He reigns fovc-
lei^ over mr.iiy j'rinccs, and beeaufe they Ihall not
rebel, always kept their heirs about him. There v*'crc
■olaw-fuiti among them. They fought on foot : their
anns were arrow, javelins or darts, daggers, and fmall
Iharp hati lutv. The women were fo much refpeifted,
that if the kind's fon met one he gave her the way,
and flopped till (he palTed. Thefe mines of Sofala,
believed hy fomc to be the mines of Ophir, were firft
pofiirtfed by the Moors of Magadoxa, afterwards bv
thofcof Qiiitoa, whofe kinpi enjoyed them, till Yulef,
one of their governors rebelled, .ind ufurpcd the fove-
leignty to hinifcif, alluming the title of king, with
whom Pedro de Annaya now tre.itcd.

Whilft thefe things happened at Sofala, in India,
the Samorin of Calicut had ftirrcd up the Sultan of
Egypt, ai,.I I- >pcd with his afliftance to drive the Por-
tuguefc out of tliofe feas. This was not carried on
fe privately, but the king of Cochin had intelligence
of If, and advertifed the viceroy Almcyd<l, who fcnf
his fon J^orenzo with eleven fail, to prevent the de-
fiin. As h- vifitcd fiiiie ports, he learned, that in
the road of Cananor was. a fl-et of 260 praws, where-
of fixty exceeded our (bi;i. in bulk. He direfted his
courfe townrls them, and alier a very ftiarp engage-
ment, they were put to flight, and fome taken, but
many funk, and obliir^ to run a-ground, with treat
lofs to the cn-my, and of his own, only five or fix
nKn : foon after the fjrc of Aiieliediva was bcfet by

fixty well armed vcfllU of Moors .ind Gentiles, com-
niaiulal by a n.iugjdo ( but hearing that l,r.ren/.o w.is
Coming to Its relief, they wuit oil with .ill podiblc
lp>.ed.

riie Moors perceiving (heir Trade was cut od' by
the I'urtugucfe, thoui',bt to Ihiin thun by keeping out
at Ua in their voyage to Suinatr.i and .Malacca, where
they went |.>r (pite, diiking thuiu;;h the Maldivia
iilands, and bearing away loutli of Ceylon. The
viceroy lint his fon lioin Cotliiii, with nine (hips, to
infed their couile, when the pilots waiulciing ihroUjjU
unknown feas, dileovtred that idaiid. They anchoud
at the port ol (iale, where many Moors vvere lading
eiiinaniun, and t.ikiiii' in elephants loi Cambayd.
They, fearful of Don Lurenzu's anger, prelented him
in the II. line of the king, with 400 bahars of cinna.^
nion. Ho well uiiJerdood the comiivancc, but
thought it that time, better tu diflemble, i)nd cuntcnt
liinilelf with the prelent, and dij'cuvery uf Ceytun,
planting llure a trolV, with an inftiipiion, fignilying
the tune of his arriv.il. In his return to Cochin, he
lell U) on the town of Hiramjiin, which he buiiicJ
down, putting all to the fword, in riveiige for the
I'urtuguele killid at Coiilan ; bicaufe that town be-
longed to this crown. .Meanwhile Pedro de Annaya,
and mod of his men died at Sofala, and not long after,
the fort of C^iiloa was railed by the Poitugucle thtm-
lelves i all being the efi'ecl uf their ill ul.ige towaiils
the natives.

The king being informed by Diego Fernnnde/. Pi-
feyra, that there were Cliridians at Socotra, who were
lubiect to the Moors, he ordered Tridan ile Cunna,
and Alphonfoile Alburquirque, todueet theircourfc
thither, and take the fort ; to the intent his fleet might
attei wards winter there, ar .! fo the navigjiioii of that
lea be leeure<l. On the 6th of March, 1508, they
lailed from l.ifbon with 1 J vellllv, and J 3C0 lighiijig
men J whereof fume (being iiifecled with the plague,
at that time raging in the city) died by the way.
When they came under the line, the fiekmls left
them. They pad'ed in light of C.ipe .St. Augullin, in
liralil, and in tiorting the vad ocean betwun that
place anil the Cape of (iood Hope. 'I'ridan de Cun-
na ran 16 far to the I'uiithward, that fome of his nv n
peridieil with cold, and he dileoverid the illand:. lliil
called by his name. Here being attacked by a dorm,
all the Ihips were parted, e.ieh running a different
courfe, till they met ag.iin at Moz.imbique; except Al-
varo Telle/, w ho being driven as far as Cape Ciuar-
dafu, took fix Ihips, fo laden with all forts of goods,
th. t from them to his own veflll, he made a bridge of

ie , ti.rown into the li.'a, over which the men padcd
. o' dryland. Ruy Pereyra, who fell into Matatan-
na. ' port of Mad.igafcar^ being informed it abounded
in tjices, cfpecially ginger, invited thither Tridan de
Cunna, who came and anchored in a bay which his
Ion, Nunno de Cunna, called de Donna Maria de
Cunna, after a laily he courted ; others name itof the
Conccjition, at a town inhabited by the Moors, and
governed by a Sheikh, in a clofe bay, which receives the
great rivei Lulangan; they had a lkirmifh,and found
the iflaiid produced little ginger.

Hence de Cunna fent Alphonfo dc Alburquerquc,
with four fail to Mozambique, whither coming after-
wards, they proceeded to Melinda, whofe king obliged
him to fall upon Oja ; a city, which bring ainftcd by
the king of Mombada, infeded him. The Arabs in-
habited this.country, where are feen fome ancient and
wonderful drudures. Each city, and almod vilLige,
has a king, whom they call (heikh ; the chief cities are
Qtiiloa, Zanzibar, and Mombada; but that of Me-
linda pretended to be the ulded, deducing his pedi-
gree from thofc of (^litau, a city 18 leagues from
him, which though ruined, dicws the footdeps of iti
former grandeur, having been fuperior to Luziva.
Parimiind.-i, Lanio, Jaka, Uja, and other its neigh-
bours. The country is watered by the river Guli-
manja. Gco'-ge Alphonfo going up this river five days,
fiw in the banks impenetrable woods, and in the wa'
ters an infinite number uf ka-horles.

Tfif-

t;»H

2l0

P O R T U a U K S K V () Y A i; E s

1508

fwoiri.

H-

Tiiftiin ilc Cunn.i (with fix fliipH) apprami iKlorc
lli.iltv ('ii, lliiuling 17 li-.i;;uct Irom MlIiik'.i, on
;iti open (huri-, liiurrj with .1 «all linv«iil> the l.iml,
uhii'li hiilo It Irum the C'attVi'v. ||c Itiit ili< llirikli
tM i>l. th.il li'.' hud iniportiiiil ;itr.iir'< to commiiniralc
III liiin ; \vli<i anrtvtrtil, TlMt Ik' wai a liilijtck of ilic
iuilt.in ol Cairo, In- ul cilif Of ihc hoiilc ul Moh;im-
ttiiJ, and tlicri lure coulil not trc;it with iM'opIr (hat
weu- I'd much his cncniic*. Triltan, conlnU'iin; the
djiiTrr of delay*, a> loon as d.iy appeared, divided hiv
men into two ji.iiK into boat! i one p.irt commanded
liy iMphonlo li'- Alhurt|iU'rque, the oihir hy liirnlill
pnJ though the I 'i l.inird to lavoiir the Muors, who
il 'Oil on Ihorc to hinder llieir landii";;, th' y «i rr forced
to (I', entering It one gate, and running out at the
oihd.

N unnn di: Ciinn.i, and Alphonfo i!e Noronha, pnr-
fucd the l^iiig, with in.niy of liii mm, into a wood ul
p.dm-trcts, and killrJ him in the niidll of thcni.
(JciM,;c Silveyra piTceiving I grave Moi'r, who led a
bi.miit'ui youiij; woman through a p.iih in the hihhI,
t.m at him, ami tlio Moor, making (iiin* to the wo-
m:'n to (Iv, uhdit tlitv fought, fhe followed him, li^-
lilvin^, fh.* h;id rjlher die, 01' hv taken with him, than
rl'i.iip/ alone. Silvevr.i leein'^lhem ((rive wholhouM
i;.ve the greaieil proof of arfVclion, let them Uith go
away ; fa) in;*, " CioJ foihid my fword lliould \\\r\. lo
much love." The town was plundered, .thJ then
luinit with fuch prcciji'tatiun, that fume of the Por-
(u_'ii IV p rilh -d in the /lnMK>.

V.'hi' happ'nrd, li.in;; known at the city of L.imn,
13 l,a;;u,s dll.int, its fluikhcame nii.l fuhmilted him-
l>lf, o.Verid a trihtil; of fix hundred meticaU of yidd
ycuily, and pnld the til II ye.ir in ha:id. The (Tret
\v>ni on to ih'.- city Hr.iva, a pnpnlo'is pl.iee, bil mi
coiuim red, bin then in ribLllion, with 6000 aiitud
ini-n on ihc lliore : but de Cunna and Alhiiri]ucri|ue,
next d lylandiiv; with two bodies, in Ijiifof Ihov/ers o(
BiroW'i, dart«, and llon.-j, fealrd the wi'll-, and routed
the .M i"!S , after w»lhlnij the llrects .villi their blood,
.ml killiiii h> minv, that their niiiiiber wis not
kiinvn. Of the I'oriu juele, furiy-two were loll, half
ihnnijh eovctoufiufs ; for over-loadiiy a bont, they
were drowned with the Ipoil, baibaioully aci)uind,
bv cutting oft' the hinds and ears of women, to five
time in taking otF their bracelets and car-rings. The
city being burnt and pluiidereil, dc Cunna lit lail, and
met oft' Cape (ruaidafu, Alvaro 'rdlcz, who had
been in a Uoini with a lieh booty b.A re fpoken of.
H IN ing dilVovcred the Cape, he IIihkI lor iiocotora,
(<.r Soeotr.!.) an ifl.ind twenty Icigues in length, and
nine in bre.idth i it lies almoU ea([ and well, in the
latitude of 12 deg. 40 niin. It is the biggcU about
the mouth of the Read Sea; but has no ports (it for
any number of (hips to winter. Acrofs the middle
of it runs a ridge of hills as high as the clouds, yet the
fanil of the (hore is carried up 10 the top by the north
winds 1 this renders it barren not only of plants, but
trtrs, t.tcepting fomc fir.all valleys, that arc under
flulter of thofe winds. It is dillant from the coafl of
Arabia fifty Ic.igu-?s, and thirty from Ca|K' (juardafu.
'Ihc poits molt ufcd bv the I'oituguefe, arc, Zokc,
inhabited by Moors j Calanfea, to the weftward, and
lieni to the Kallward ; the natives are unpnlilhcd.
The vallejs fheltcrcd from fand produce apple and
palm trees, and the beft aloes; which for its excel-
lency is called Zocotorinos. The commu.T food is
mai/e, or Indian wheat, tamarind.-, and mi''c.

" ThcyareallJacobiteChrilfians, like the Abafliiies.
The men ufe thu names of the apoftlcs, the women
chiefly that of Mary : they worlhip the ciolj, which
tlicy wear on their cloatlis, and fet up in their church-
es i where they piay twice a-day in the Chaldean Ir.n-
guage, alternately as in a choir. They receive but
one wife ; ufecirciimcifion, faflinc, and tythes. The
Dun comely J the women fo manly that thry follo'v
the war, and live like Amazons. Some of tlitm for
propagation making ufe of I'uch men as arrive thcic.
n'heircloathin^ is feme cloth andfkins ) their liabita-
lioiiSi caves j their wciipons ftoncs and flings. They

were fiibjea at that tunc to the Arabian kinir o^
Calhcn •• *

l)e Cunna found here an indifTcrent furt, not ill
manned, nor unpiovided. Hcing provokiil by tho
Sheikh's anfwcr lo his mc(|■a^(e, he lelolved (thou; li it
was d'.ngirous) to land with Albur(|uit()ue. The
full who leapid on (hore was hii nephew, IJon Al-
phonlo dc Noronhi, with a lew, but brave men.
The Iheikh received him with •m great number,
though witli niueli gallantly, maiiitaininij hit ground,
and ihre.uiiiing do Cunna) who, through a Ihuwer
ot bulk;s and Itones, made his approach to the foit,
and was biilkly repulled by the iheikh, whom then
Don Alplionlo 11 luck down with iii> larce. Hence
cnfued a Iharp Ikitinilh ; the Moors cndravouring to
carry off their prince, ami the I*orlii|;uefe to hinder
it i wh.Mi he and eight more had been llain, iheencmy
fled tathecatde, which wai Icalcd ) and tholi: who
entered, opening the gate for the rcif, a bloiMJy fight
began within, lite Moon difputing it to the lalf man i
liii out of Ko, there was but one left alive, except a
blind man, who uas found in a well, and being alkcd
how he got there, anfwcrcd, " That blind men liw
only one thine, which was the way to liberty, and
which even bFind men coveted." He had his liberty
given him. The I'oituguefe loll fix men. The na-
lives wiio had kept oft, hearing of their fuccefs, came
to thank IJe Cunna for delivering them from the hea«y
yoke ot ihulL Mahomrt.ins, and were received under
the piotiilion of the king of l'oitu;;al, who havinj;
chilli M Don Alphonfo de Noionha to command the
fort, il taken, Dc Cunn.i ra\e it him, with 100 H'Cn
for a garrifon. De Cunna wintired in thole; parts j af-
tir wliiih, he f.iihd lor India, and Alburtiucrtiuu fur
the malls of Ai.ibij.

W'liile tlule things dilayed the fleet, the king of
Calicut lelyiii;', on the fuccifs, p'omil d by his li.yth-
1.1 M r (as line told by a great eai ill quake, and ecllpfeof
the lull which li.ippeiied lo that the If.irs .ijniearfd
lor a coiilideiahle ii:iu) Wiis aiinlng .i",airlk th- I'or-
tii;iiiU. iiul the \ iieroy Alir.eyda luit out a fijua-
dioiiot ten (liipi, wltich the Samorin liitlecxpecilcd,
under the eoiiiniaiidoi hij fun I.oreii/.o, who failed to
Dabul, dileovercd thelleetof Calicut, and would have
engaged 11, but that 0,1 account of the nairuwnefs of the
place, it was carried in council, not to attack their,
lor which, on his return to Cochin, he was feveiely
repriiiiandeil by his f.ither, who brcite all the ofliceis, .
and lent iIkiii to I'ortugal.

Uoiizalo Vaz, whc lullowcd Don Lorenzo,
meeting a fliip of Cananor, though with a Portuguefc
pafs, funk it, and all the Moors It-wed uj> in a fail,
that they might never be fecii, but bis villainy
foon came to light ; for one of the bodies be-
ing found on fliorc, and known to bo the nephew,
of Mamala, a rich merchant of Malabar, the Samo-
rin ufcd it as an argument to gain the king of Ca-
nanor, who before tt .nnted to break with the Purtu,<
guef?. Lorenzo dc Brito, captain of the foot tlicrc,
on whom at firlf the fufpicion fell, was prefently bc-
(iegid by 20,cco Moors, when ainftancc came from
the Viceroy 1 but their magazine of provifion taking
lire, they were fiirccd to cat vermin; and had bcei|
lamilhid, but for abundance of lobfters which tiict
lea being then rough, left behind, and was their only)
relief. The Samorin having lent a powerful fupply,
the king of Cananor gave anaflault both by fea and
land, with above 50,000 men, who were repullial with
great lofs, and not one Portuguefc killed. The kinjj
vexed at this, and terrified at the cominirof de Cunna,
fued for pe.icc. After this the Viceroy went with dc
Cunna to fall upon i'anani, a town fubjeil to Cali-
cut, where there v\eic four ftiips of the Samorin,
commanded by Cutioli, a courageous Moor. They
went up the river through (bowers of balls from the
Ihorc, which is high; and the Moots ran into the
water to meet their boats, but the Portuguefc landing,
attacked the! r trench'js, where a lirong Moor wound-
irg Don Lorenzo, he with one ftrokc clove his head
to his brealf. The town being entered, all were put to
6 the

Oniiu

T () T II F, K A S T I N D I F. S.

ill

Otmui.

thr Cworil) ilir fliipt Anil |iliindtr iilln, thiui^h nf
Dii'.it vuliii', Will' hiiiiii ) .mil only thc.iiiill'Tv Uuil,
III thik iidioii abii.c 5rn oi' ihi' i ii my )> mIIiliI, .mil

but |8 III llir l'ortii;,in.ti-, i i' m nnu-.

, iK. ;i>tli 111 Aiir.iifl,

Allor |i.iiiiiij; fri'Mi ilf I'n
1508, ;ii 1«|..T rJjiiil, he Liiliil f.i

Ihr

Ar.ihh

IVil

lii pillulilll III I

h- k'

111 s iiilir

Ilf "I
li

hjviir, uiih him Kviu fail, .in>I 4'<c li^liln:; men.
Hv fill) toiuliiil ,11 C'.il,iv4l.i, a b^.iiitifiil IImiiil; (own

ill ihc liiMj;iliiin III l)rmuf, hut not (n |ii'|iuii ii« *s
hi'ii lot'orc ; whiilo builJiiii!» arc aldr iIk- iniiinrr ol

S|i.i

I he governor, having;

oftind r» tiilhmcnt^

»nil li'tllcd pcicc, hu went in i.'iiii;it, ten lc.ii>ur«
furthir, where, bfing ill rcii'iud, li> Iformiil llic
town, anil nirt with a vi;(i'riius 0|>P'irni'>n, hut rutin d
killiii)^ ilghiy ot the viumy, wall tlic luls i>r unly
three nun.

'rhi'|)l;iccbcinE plundind .md burnt, witli fiurtiin
Vfll'cls ill the harbour, he lailrd iinht IcJUiicn f.iith.r
to Maleai, a placu Urungcr th.m any •>! the i>ilu'r>,
anil Will prnviiltd with men ; who li.ivinL; hi..ird nl the
dellriiillon of Curiat, reliirtcd Inmi ,ill pjru lodiTciiil
it. Uiit ihe jiiiveiniir fi'irinf; tlie like ilifalter, made
peare, and lent great Diiri* ul iiniviliuni i vtliwii on a
j'uiidin the cannon i>l the town heKnii 10 |ilay lurioiiHy
upon ihe I'oriii^utfe ftiipt, whiui drew "iV h.iltily,
not knowing the eaule ol' ihis thaii^e : till I'unie time
after they uiidrrdiHid, that i';oo men, lent by the
kint; of Orn"!!?., bting arrived, their oificcrt rel'iifed
to Itaiid tn the treaty, lint Alhiiri|ueiqiic laniling his
mf n at break of day, alTaiilied the town lo coura^amfly
that a-i the Portu^iicfe entered at one gite, the Alwom
ran out at the oihir. All the himli-ii were plundered
except the governor's, wlm had giveii them notice
when the relief canu-, but lie wa» killed in the
conliifioii, not beinj; known, 'riiis ilonr, they palFed
to Soar, all ihe inhabitant* whereof fled except the
governor, and fonie of the principal MiHirs, who
yK liled up III Albiiii|uerqiie, and received hack to luilil
of kini; Kinamiel, under thr fame tribute they h.id paid
tothe kin^iif Urmuz. The inliabitantj of Uilucam,
filuen le.mucs farther, having ilelirtcd it, the town
was pliiiiilered for ilie Ip.iccol three day- : and durinj;
this lime, the gcncr.il prepared tu enter the harbour ol
Ormu/., whicli wan the principal end of the voyage.

'I'Ik- I ity of ( >rnuiz is fiiuateoii a little iflaiul,
called Jerun, at the nunith i.f the I'l-ilian (lulph,
abiiut iluic li 'i;"'"" in comp.ifs, and fo barren, that
it piiiiluces nuiliing but l.ilt and fulpbur. 'I he
buildiM;;s of the city are lumptunus : it is the
gre:u m.irket of all giKids, brought thither from the
Fall, Well, and North, which is the rcafon, that
tli.>iiL<li it h.is nothini; of its ov\n, it abounds in all
thin.,-, and is plentifiillv fiippliid lintii the province
of .\logo(lan in Pcifia, and the Iflands Kcylhom,
Laree, and others. Alout the year I i; j, king M.ilech
C.K/. poll'.ni'il all the land, from the inand Jeiun,
10 that of Uahrayn, and bordered upon the king of
Goriliinlhah, of the I'rovincc of ■Vlognllan. This
king fuhiily obtained of Malcch the illaiid of Jerun, as
a place of no worth, and after h.- w.is fortified therein,
drove his bcnefaclor out of all his dominions, and
tranflaiing thecit) of ()rmu7., where the k'og kept his
court before, to this ifland, he grew lo f>iniiiilablc,
that the king of Ptrfia, fearing he would relufe to pay
the tribute t)ieothi.i had done, prepared to.invadchiini
but he of Cjordunlhah prevented him, by impofing on
himlelf a yearly tribute, and otlVring to do homage by
his ambanadors, every five years. In this tyrant
began the city and kingdom of Ormuz, afterwards
poflclTed by his heirs, and others, for the moft part
violently.

About the end ot" September, when Alburquerque
arrived there, S.iyl'addin, a yoiiih of twelve years of
age, reigned ; and over him, his flave Chojah Atiar,
a man fubtic and cour.igeous, who bearing what had
been done by that commander, made preparations,
laying an embargo upon the (hips in the harbour,
and hiring tiiHips from the neighbouring provinces,
Perfians, Arabians, and others, fo that when the

Vol. 1. N 25.

Portuguefe (l.et enlerrd the port, lhri\: Wfre in ihff 1507

town jo,ooo lighting men j .niiong ilum 4' " Perli..ii«, < — .—
molt expert aiiliers ^ and in the hailmur, 4novilM-,
lixty of coiifidiiable bulk, v\ iih ZS^Q ni n. A'biii-
i|iH'ri|ur, to ftiew tholi p. oplt- the gnalnefs i.f hia
lelMluiiiiii, (.line til an an>h>ir aiiK.n", live of t'la
largif) lliip., firing his 1 .innon tolliike a ii rror al"ii;{
the Ihore, which was Ikihi coveieil with almvc ncii)
linn, h'iiiilin^ iiiiinin'a^e came fmin the kin},, lie
(lilt on hiiaiil the bii'gell nf tliofe fliips, which was of
Cinihiy.l, jiiil In iiii il III lide adiniul: the capt.iill
aIhtioI prelenlly npaiiid 10 hiiii, and was riceiMil
with caility ami llaie. Alh<i<i|ii< rqiic lold him, he
had ordeis lo l.iki iIk king ol ()iniu/, inlii his piu-
teCliiin, and j.'r.mt him h-nr tu tiade in ihofc l\..s,
pnniiUd he paid a ri.ilonable tiibute : but in c;.fc of
i1.l11l.1l, he W.IS lo make war.

The .Moors <l< liveikd his mefTagc to the king and hi«
^n\erii.ir C'hujali Attir, who prtfeiilly ictuinnl with
I lie L'hojali lleyram, to cnsiiIc their not hating lent
to knim' what (he PortiigU' fr deinaniled in that purt,
promili;.^ the goMinor (hould come next day. lie
came imt, but the nienaget continued, in oidci to
gaiii tune to foriily the citv, and receive l.other liip-
nliis, Albiiri|uer(|ue lav« into (he ma(ter, ami tolJ
neyra.n, he laedonly nturn with the aceep'ition of
peace as i.lfiud, or the declaration ol war. Ueyrani
brought word, that Ormut ufed nut to pay, but re-
ceive tribute. As night drew on, the noile of w.iilike
inHruments and Ihuuts was heard from all parts.
The morning difcovercil the walls, (hores, and vedlls,
crowded with armed men, while the windows and
tops of the houfes were filled with both lexis, and all
ages, as fpei^lators of what lliould eiifiie. AUuiniucr-
quc began to play his cannon furioufly, and was an-
fwcrcd by the enemy j who taking aJi.iiit.i^r of the
finokc, which hindered the light, attaiked his fhips
with I JO boats well manned, w liich did luine damage,
with Ibuwers of arrows ; but received more, many
being funk, and the rell forced by the aiiillery to
retire. Yet they made a fecond onfet j but Were fo
ri-ceivcd that the fea w.is coloured with blood,

Hy thistimcAlburi|ueriiiie had funk two of the great
(1ii|is, and taken a third, thuugh with great opponiion }
loit iim the Moois to leap into the (la ; me.in time,
thj rcTt of the Captains had niailered other fiiips,
and tunning along the lhu:e, fit tire to above thirty
more, which cutting their cabLs were drove flaming
upon the Perfian coall, where they burned olhtrs that
lay aground, this ({ruck fo great a terror inio all that
multitude, that they fled to the city j and Chojah
Attar fending toofllr Alburquerque all that had been
demanded, he (lopped farther proceedings ; but per-
ceiving the deceitfiilncfs of the Moors, threatened
much worfe efTeiits of his anger, in cafe he pcrfiftcd
in his wiles. Thus, with thclol's of only tnmen, moft
of the enemy's vrlVcls full of richet, were either burnr,
funk, or torn to pieces, and 1700 of them killed,
Ihe dead bodies flo.iting upon the water. Many were
feen with ornaments of beaten gold, which the
Portu^utfc tifhcdfor, who obfcrvcd that fevcral were
wounded with their own arrows; there being none
ufed among thj Portuguefe.

Chojah Attar, conlmering the damage received, and
what might enfue, called a council i wherein it was
agreed to fubmit to Alburqucrque's dcmaiuis. The
articles were drawn, and fworii to by both parties :
their fubllance was, that the king of Ormua did
fubmit himfelf to king Emanuel, t" the tribute of
15000 xeraphiiK'S yeaily ; and Ihoiild adign (he Por-
tuguefe ground to build a fort. The fort was imme-
diately begun, and much advanced in a few days ;
but Chojah Attar could not bear with it. He feigned
that ambad'adors were come to receive the tribute they
ufed to pay to the king of Perlia ; therefore defired
Alburquerque to give them nn anfwer, fincc his
king was now fiibji cl to the king of Portugal, He
gu, Tl 1 at the dedj^ii, and defired Chojah Attar would
fui.l fomibody to him, who might carry the anfwer.
The me(reiigers beiiiij come, he put bullets and

1 '

Ipeari

i8]

PORTUGUESE VOYAGES

ije7

Milatriligi
there.

rpcflri Into ihrir hanili, trllmg them, that wji th*
'coin the trilnite (houU be |iai>l in. Oiojih Attar,
fiiidiiij; hi« plot fail, cmlcuvuured to cutriipl the
l'ortu,;iit(c with money, and prevailed with live fci-
nicn. One of them wji a fuuiidrr, who laK lonie
raniRifi there i and another inlormcd hini, that the
•nuny were not ^bO in numiwr t animatid hy tliii, lie
iluditil to break ihi- peace, relufln); to dcliter up thele
men, and pretended at the lame time, it wat Albiir-
querqiic whn liiukc it, Albur(|ueri|ue be|;an to re-
venge thi« .ifl'iunt, but with little CiKccri, brcaufc the
captains cniplnyeil, np|)ored it. Cluijah Attar p'r-
ccivinii thi>, at night lired a boat the I'ortiigiicli: were
Iniildingun ihefhoie} and at the fame time, one of
lht.'dc<i'ilcr> cried I'rom the wall, *' Alphonrudc Al-
biirqucr(|ui', defend the boat with your 400 men, and
you Ihall meet 700 arclicts." Nor was this to be pon-
dered at, fliicc tome of the captains thenifclvesgave
intelligence to tlic enemy, and pcrfuaded thole five to
del'crt. Albiirquirque burning with rage, attempted
to fire fume (hips in (hearl'enal ; but I'aiTin^, refolved
next to bifu'gc the city, and having taken Imne that
caiiicd in provifions, cut off their nands, run and
llo^c^, and Tent them in, to the great terror of .ill the
inhabiiants. There was a hot difpute about filling up
fome welli thatfupplied th' befieged : inlumueh that
ihiy were filled withcarcaflesof men ami h<irle<, the
capl.iin and guard that maintained them, bein;; all
(lain. 'I heking and Chojah Attar, came to lecond
Ihisaininn, and Alhurquerque was in groit danger,
Ills retreat being cut off; but a fortunate cannon
ball opciii-d the way, putting the enemy's horl'e into
coiifuiion. Alhurquerque in ihcfe aittioiis found his
men ill-difpnfcd to obey : amon^ the rcfl three cap-
tains, refulving to leave hiin, and f.iil for India, drew
up a pa|>cr of rcl'olutions, why he ought to defilf from
that ciiteiprifc, which the general gave to one of the
niafons, to lay under a ftone in the work, faying,
he hiid anfwered, and would be glad to fee who dared
to remove the (lone to read his ani'wer. Though each
VMS much ofTended at this, yet none replied : but
jealous about the commaiiil of the fort when built,
the tlirte captains put in execution their defign of
ciuittini; him. This troubled Alburqucrque, yet he
rcfohejnot todcfift, although two captains that (laid
s»ith linn, oppofed him, defirous to accompany the
others : but he ul'ed them with fo much fevcrity, that
they were forced to obey him.

From bahrayn u> Ki.y(hom failed a fleet with re-
lief of men and provifions, which Alhurquerque pur-
fucd i but mirtinKof it, fell upon a country-noufc of
the king's, guarded by three hundred foot, and fixty
liorfe, and beat them out, killingcighty, with the loU
of one man. He returneil to Keyfhom, and fell up-
on eco archei'S, fcnt to Ormuz by the king of Laz,
(in I'erfia) under the command of his two nephews,
and flew them, and moll of their men, though he
had but eighty with him. The brothers he fent to
Chojah Attar, as a prefcnt. The town was burnt ;
and there was taken among the plunder a carpet fo
large, that the foldiers were about cutting it, for the
conveniency of carriage, which was prevented by Al-
burqucrque, who bought and fent it to St. J.igo, In
Cjalicia. Finding he had but few men left, thofe much
harrall'ed, and winter coming on, he refolved to go
to Socotra, and gave leave to Juan dc Nueva to fail
toT India, where he had comm.indcd a fleet before.

Alburqucrque wintered at Socotra, and relieved the
Portueucfc, who were there oppreiTed by famine. To
this cneifl, he went himfelf with his fhip to Cape
Guardafu, and feni others towards Melinda, and
Cape Fum, to feizc fome (hips for the ufi; of their
provifioni;, which put a ftop to the growing evil. H(
then rcfohtd for Ormuz, though too wcik to eftcifl
what he intended ; yet at leaft to found the defigns of
the king and his friend Chojah Attar. Bythe^/ay
he rtfoli cd to be revenged on Calayat, for injuries done
to fome Portutruefe. This town is fcated beyond Cape
Siagro, calleci alfo Cape Refclgat, at the mouth of
tlie Pctfiin Uulpb. On the back of it is a mountain,

which hu only fome ^ffvi that cprn 1 rommuiilci'
tion with the neighbouiing cuiiniry. < iiie iil ihelir
p.^llcs •> jult op|H)fittf to the town, tlirough whuh
IS man.iged molt of the tratle of that province of
Arabia, called Yemen, which is lull nl populuut
lilies, fruitful, and uf great trade. Albuiqui iqii.'
no luontr ariiverf, but fie landed, and enicud the
town, fome uf whole iiih.ibiiants fled tu the murii-
tains, and oilMrt were llain in the Diccli, He lluvd
there three nililits, upon one of which, a ihoul.iiid
MeMrs, getting in by furprili-, did mueli hurt : but
the I'uitugutffe gathciing, killed many- and put the
reft to flight, and burneiTth'; phce. They got a j^rcu
quantity of provifions, whit was moll of the booty v
and arrivcti at Urinu« the ijtb of September. Al-
phonib de Alburqurrtiue prclenlly advertifed the king,
and Chojah Altar of lii> arrival, and (hey aiifwereu,
that as lor the tribute of 15,000 xcrapnines, they
would readily pay it, but would not confent to
the building a furl. He therefore refolved again to
bcfiece the ifland, and ordered Martin Coello, with
his mip, to guard the Point Turumbaca, where tli«
wells were : Dicgu de Melo was polled oiipofite tu the
Idand Keyfliom i he-, aiul Krancifciide 'ravura before
the city. Thcn.c he vieweel the llrenglli uf the fort,
fur Chojah Attar had finiflted it, making ufe of what
the I'ortugucfc had begun, the better to oppol'e them.
The fucccfs was much as before ; Diego de Mela,
with eight private men, were killeel, anef he himfelf
in great danger. After this, he returned to Iiulia,
having taken a fliip that carried much pearl from
Bahrayn, and Francil'codc Tavora one of Mecca.

While this happened at Ormuz, the fultan of
Cairo fcnt out a fle.t of twelve fail, and 15000 men,
commandeil by Mir HuliVyn, to eipnofe the I'ortu-
gue'l'c in India. 1!, lh« way he attacked Imbn, aiul
killed the Slieikh ; • id the Umc at Joeldah, and
got great pluMeler, and then failed to Oiu, wheiu
Alalec \iL cominanJ..d for the king of Cainbaya,
wham he was to jeiin, and treat with, in order le>
oppofc the Portuguele. The timber whereof theCe
ihips were built, was cut in the mnuntains of I)al-
matia, by procurement uf the Vcnttiaiii (us was laid)
becaufe the fultan and Turk were at variance. A
ni;j)hcwof the fultan carried it in 25 fliips, with 800
mamalukcs, befides leamen. Andrio de Amarall, a
Portugucfe, commanded then the galleys of Malta.
He knowing that timber was deiigned againd his
countrymen in India, attacke'd the 25 fliips of tlii:
enemy, with 600 men in four galleys, and fix fliips,
and after a ftiarp engagement, that l.idcd thre'e hours,
took feven and funk five. The red fled to Alexan-
dria, whence the timber was carried up the Nile to
Cairo, and thence on camels to Suez.

At this time the viceroy Don Francifco de Almcv-
da, was upon thccoaft of Malabar, and had lent liis ''"'^"p*''
fon Don Lorenzo, to guard thofe of Cananor and i '"i,'i, ' * .,
Cochin, and ran us far as Chaul with eight (hips : '
Chaul is featcd on the bank of a river, two leagues
from the fea, one of the chief of that coafl fur great-
nefs and trade, fubje£i to the Nizamaluco, by whole
order Don Lorenzo was well leccived. 'I hey had
fome intelligence of the fleet of the fultan, but gave
nocreditto it, till it appeared in fight, as Don Lo-
renzo was diverting himfelf on fhoic with his officers.
They hailed to the fliips, giving fuch orders as tho
(hortnefs uf time permitted, and wore fcarcc aboard,
when the enemy entered the harbour with many dc-
monflrations ot joy. For Mir HufTern thought him-
felf fecure of vidory by furprifing the Portu^iKfcfhips,
and defigned to board the admiral himfelf? Cominv
up with Don Lorenzo, he poured in ball, arrows ana
granadocf., with other fire-wnrks, but was fo well an-
Iwered, that he gave over the refolution of boarding,
though the Portugucfe vefTels vsere much lefs than his :
the others had no better fucccfs ; and now night ap-
proaching, gave them time to prepare againfl next
morning. As foon as day appeared, Don Lorenz9
gave the fignal for battle i and, in his turn, cndca-
vuured to board Mir HulTeyn. The like wai done
6 by

-r O T H F. FAST I N I) I F S.

%»i

by ih,; olhir c.ipi»iiisi but only iwo (;.illcv< I'ailnl,
knd look two u( tUv cnriny, huviii;; pur jII iIic nu'ii

lo the (word,

raiivtliilc thr canniiii W4» lutioii

lly

laycil on bolli liiiif, and (he I'urlu^uiti; In-nicd I
jvo the idvjnl.i^^', wlirii iVUIi-c A/./, lord i<t Dm,
canic with .1 great number o( lin.i|l vcllU* well iii.in-
nrd, to ihr a(hlUiiceiil Mirliuircvn, I)..'i I.nrrn/o
fcMt two gallryi, and ihrcc laravaft lu hind'.r llir .i|i-

fnojch <it the riluf, which cxccutu their commillinn
a i'rtrctii.illy, lh.it thi'y ubliucd ihcni t" flv tu ano-
ther place li>r flicker 1 and the finht cnntmutd till
ninht parted llnin, rath llriving in conceal lii< l(il»
froir. the ullier. The I'ortugiielc t.iptaini h iung met
in council, Ihry judged It ralhncli lo perfill in that
cnlerprife, finer M.ilec A/-« »a* I'o near with I'uch
nowcrlul afliilanee : and allcd;;ed, that it would
be much better to liike tlir open fea, either in or-
der In efcape, or to light with leU ililidvantaKe. Don
Lorenzo remembering the anger nf his father for not
fighting the fleet of Calicut in the river of Dabul,
and fearing hit retreat might be termed a fearful flight,
refolutcly expciU-d the morning, only making lome
motioni to fave the Ihipt of Cochin that were in great
danger.

Malec Aiz imagining thit motion wai in order to
lly, launrhcd out from hit retreat, not at all d.iuiitcd
to li» fo many of hu velfelii torn in piece* by the I'or-
tuguefe camion, and charged briHtly. Unluckily at
this time, Don Lorenzo's (hip running fmil of loine
flakes that wcic drove in the river, let in fu much wa-
ter, thai thcrew.. no preventing her from finking, iho'
that brave cnnimaiidcr laboured indefuigalily, till a
ball broke hi> ihi^Ji i then ordering himU If lobe fel
againft themaiiun.ilt, he Hood, encouraging his men,
till another ball broke hit back, and killed him. T!ie
hodv bring thrown beneath deck, was fullowol >lowii
by Gato, his piige, \< ho bewailed him with tears ol
blon<l as well an watu, bting flint through the eye
with an arrow. After a vigorous refiltance, the Moort
enlend the fliip, and found the page by his malUr's
body, who rifiii^, killed as many as covered it, and
then tlieil npcui lliem. The fliip funk at lafl. Of
above one hundred men that were with Don Lorinzo,
only iqcfca|>cd. In all the fliips were loll 140 i of
the enemy boo. Two other captains got to Cochin,
where the viceroy then was, anil received the news of
his Ion's death with a wonderful refolution.

Soon after he received a letter ttom M.ilrr Azz.
This man, born in (lavery, and dcfcendid ot the hc-
fetic Chriftians of Roxia, rofc by degrees to the height
he then appeared in. But the principal aiition that
advanced him was very trivial. It liemsa kiteflying
over the king of Cambaya, dunged u|)on his head,
whereat in a paflion he faid, " I would give all I am
worth, that bird were killed." Malec Azz, who
was an expert bowman, no fooner heard this, but he
let fly an arrow, which brought down the kite. The
king rewarded this exploit fo bnunt'l'ully, that the
archer came 10 be made lord of Diu, a moll famous
city; which bcinf; feated on a triangular prninfula,
joined to the continent by a very fniall ilthnuts, is
commonly reputed an ifland. Malec Azz endea-
voured politically to fecure himfelf at the fame time,
bo;h with the king of Cambaya, and the Portuguefr,
whofc power he feared, and hated, for the damage
they brought on the trade of Diu. With this view he
font the 19 prifoncrs to the king of Cambava, and
then wrote to the viceroy, condoling the death of his
Ton, whofe bravery lie extolled, and ofl^ered to ran-
fom the prifoners : endeavouring this way lo appeafc
the wrath he knew he had provoked, by aflifting Mir
Hufleyn, which was the caufe of all .he Portuguefe
lofs.

About the bi^ginning of April, 17 (hips failed from
Lilbon, which being all fepiratcd by bad weather,
nt length met at Mozambique, except one that was
call away on the iflands of 'I'riilan dc Cunna : thefe
fliip<, with thofe of the foregoing year, came together
to India, and raifcd the courage of the Portuguefe.
I'hc king had ordered that Don Franctfc9 de Almeyda

(hould rrfign the government to Al'>ur«iiti"r(i"-, flPil \<;-^

eluiil hi'ine in oik- '>I the ti.i

III

l ,1 he fiil-

S^^'S*

iimleJ llu iXeciilK f llli> 0.111.1, under i>riUnceot

'ring ahiady cngased in laliiig revenue ol Mir
Hull )n, and the Turk-, who h.id killul \v . C'li,
an. I htniiiion rofr a toiuell, wKitli proMn;; of n>>
illicl, Alburiiueriiue otfin.:< 1 ,11 ihi", wciil to Co-
n i .ind lliiH wa- iIk- l)n;"i""'g "• I'""' '""'* 1""-
ir.iclin;.; the tinir ol tlitir coniin.uid, and olhcis prcfi'

111^ IIhIII lo (|UI|.

Alia this, the viceroy having difp.ilchcd iha
Ir.iiling fliijit honiiwaid boiiml, uiulcr I'cininde
Soaiez, iiiiil Kuy dc Cuniu, who (jeiillnd l.y tho
way, l.iiird the iilh ul' DeicnitKr h> in Caninor,
lowaids Diu, in purfuit of Mir llulliyii. lie had
with him i() NcfleUof feveral fi/is, and in thini l6uo
fiddlers and fcamen, whereof ^00 were Malabari.
All India was alarmed at tliii motion of ll.c viceroy's,
but chiefly thi' Samorin, and M.ilec A//, who had
ufcd all necefl'ary prciautioiiH to lUuic himfelf :igaiiift
the danger. Don I'ranciico being laiuird with hit
"Dicers, in the mod delightful illanil ol Anchcdiva,
it was unanimoully refolvid to r.ill upon D.ibul.

Thi* city it one of the mc^ll noted upon Ih.it court, _ , , . .
by rc;ifon of its fituation, griutrnf^ ;iiul trade, fi.itedjj ' """^**
on a navigable river, two Uagiies lumi the mouth.
The buildings wcie then llatel), the inliahitanis Pa-
gans and Moors ) it belonged to Sahay, king of Dc-
o.in, ill whofc borders it Hood) and was provided
with a good garrifon, bting in fear of the I'ortugucfu
power, upon notice of whofe apprcicli, fix ihoiil'anJ
ini n were i. nt to reinforce them, and new works raifed,
{danted with cannon. However, ilie inhabitants, on
ilie vicero) 's approach, began lo li iid awayihcii goods,
which the governor forb.iue on pain of death ; and the
more to eiicuuragc Ihem, bujughl his own wile into
ihc town, which example was followed by many of
the principal men, whole wives were alfo at their
country-houfcs. IJn llie }Olh of December the fleet
entered the port, and every one drove who fliould l.inJ
tirfl. The works bcint' hij^h, theftiot flew over the
Portuguefe, who hn'ing g.iimd the (hore, divided
ihemfelves, in order lo atl.ick three gates at once 1
whiih the Moors perceiving, made lo brave a refill*
ance at each place, that the de.id bodies caufed a
greater flop than the defendants or their works.

Nunno V'as Percyra being lent to force an entrance
another way, after a hot dii'pule, put the Moors,
though very numerous, to flight towards the moun-
tain, in fuch hurry, that b) falling one over ano-
ther, they retarded their own efcape, though purfiied
on' . hy ten Portuguefe. In the light, which lalted
five hours, I500cf the enemy were killed, with the
lofsbiitof 16 Portuguefe. The viceroy dillributed
his men through the flreels, with orders to keep
guard, expelling the enemy's return ; who accord-
ingly, by the favour of the night, dole into the town,
hoping to recover their wives, children and goods.
In the morning the viceroy gave leave to plunder,
which was prevented by the fuddcn firing of the
houfes, which in a few hours reduced the whole to
aflies i fo that the booty exceeded not 150,000 ducats.
This was done by the viceroy's order, left the men
taken up with the riches of the place, might retard
his other defigns. The fliips in the harbour fuffcred
the fame fate. They could get no provifions herea-
bouts, becaufe all was dcilroyed by multitudes of lo-
culls, whereof many were found in pots, prcfcrvcd
by the natives for food. The Portuguefe found them
plcafing to the palate, and not unlike ftirimps, fo that
they took them for land flirimps.

On his paflage from Dabul to Diu, the viceroy took
fome fliips with Moors, and got provifion for their
ranfom. The fecond of February, 1509, he arrived
at Diu, which appeared high at Sea, encompaflcd
with walls and towers, beautiful and ftrong, populous
and well governed j in every thing rcfembling the
cities of Spain. Malec Azz, lord of this city, was at
thii time abfent twenty leagues oflf with hit army,
againft the Rafliputs i but had continual advice of
I tho

Jf+

PORTUGUESE VOYAGES

1509

the motions of the fleet, w hirli was fcarccly anchored
Kfore the rity, whon he flew tliiihcr, but without
ajiy defign cither to affift Mir HuflVyn, or ex;\r|)ciatc
the vioroy ; who in the mnm tinu', conlidercd the
rtrong litiiivcion of the place, mticli improved by art,
as well as thr courage .ind conduct iit the two Moors,
aflitled with ahovc tAO hundred vefli-h , well manned
nnd provided. Bciween eight and nine in the morn-
ing when there was flood enough for the (hips to fvvim,
the admiral gave the fignal for entering the port.
Immediately all moved on both Tides with loud (houts,
and the found of warlike inftruments. The veilcls of
Malec Azz, haUencvl to oppofc theentranci.-, Ihowering
bullets .iiid arrows which llcw ten men in Diego
I'ercz's Ji-i'ley that led the w.iy, yet Nunno Vai
pierctd (nrvvard, .ind pouring his fliot among the
great fliip>', funk one to the right ; but bring in dinger
bet.veen two others, was rel'cucd by Georgu ile Mello,
who, with the other captains, boarded every one his
(hips, wliile the viceroy p'^ying his ordnance in the
midft of the enemy's vefltls, favoured their defign.
The praws of Calicut Hcd at length, fpri'.ading the
n'.'.\s a!i)ng the coall, that the Tiirlts were victo-

riouf. Mir HuflLyn being flighlly wounded, in

defpair got on ftiore in difguife; and rode to tell the
kingof Cambaya the falfehood of Malec A/.7, who had
alTilTcd him with his Ihips, but not his |x?rfon. The
abfence of Mir HulTeyn did not difcoiirage thofe in
his vt (Teh, for being boarded, they foughi witlioat
yielding, till they were all flaln. A great fhip be-
longing to Malec Azi, was funk, and others taken,
Turkifli fleet ^f^^^ which, the viitory being no longer doubtful,
" ■ the viceroy made up to the remaining ftiips, with his

galley and other leller veiUls, and killed all that leap-
ed into the fca ; fo that above 1500 were (lain, and
but about forty of the Portiiguefe. The plunder of
the fhips was very rich ; and by the great variety of
volumes in fcv.-ral languages, it was judged that the men
were of fevcral nations ; among thefe books there were
fome in F^atin, Italian, and Portuguel'e. Of all the
\(irels tliat were taken, only two ftiips and four
galleys were prefervcd, the reft being burned. M.. tc
A/7 next morning pretending to be much pleafcd
witii the viceroy's victory, fent Scyd Ali, a Moor of
(Ti.in.ada, to congratulate him. Some of the Portu-
giKlc conim.'.iuK rs were forin;lhing their ^;ood fortune,
and attacking Diu ; which the viceroy wa? againftj
bciaufe the kin^of Cnmhaya, to whom the city bclong-
ecf, was tliLir friend, the place ilrong, and they much
w-.'.kcncd ; nor c-)uUI the town be maintained if taken.
Hereupon it was .agreed to liften to the Moor, with
wh'.ini a profitaMe peice was fettled; he ilvlivering
up many capiive Po:tugucfe, with all th;' .irtillery and
Uorts belnn^'ing to 1( .ne Ihips of the Turk', which
were afterwards burnt. The viceroy on his return,
arriving at Chaul, the king became tributary ; and
at Cochin wn: received in a triumphant manner.
Here Alphi.ifidc Alhurquerque again prcfling him to
deliver up the government, liewa"., at the iiiftigation
ofothc.s, f:nt prifoncr to Cananor, and the other
comman I r was ftnt to Cochin, and fettled in the
governineiit of Inilia.

On the 19th of November, Almeyda left Cochin, with
thrie (hip-;, and pallid th. Cap? ; but putting into the
Bay of Saldanna, not f;(r to tin. nort!i, in order to take
in wafer, was prevailed on, aguinft his will, to gn
afliorc tn p',.;ii(h the black', for knocking out the
ifcth of one of his f^rvants who had <Llcrvcd that
treatment. There went with him 153 men, th
flower of the ftiips enitipanief, to a miferable village,
and toi'k fome cattle and children : which the blacks
pcrcciviii;:, 170 of them came down from the mount-
ain':, whithtr they had fled, and attacked them \i ith
their ft) irp pointed (takes (0 fui ioufly lliat tiiey (0011
killed hflv, and among them the viceroy, who was
' nrtick thi.'ii;rh the throat. He was fixty years old,
of a j^ractful prelcnc, and obliging carriage 1 of
fjnmi imijrment, lihvial and grateful.
Diiat'j de Liinos hefc)re this, in 1508, being made

Ahjlf.J* 1

governor

■ f Ktliioma
7

am! Arabia, having failed with

a fquadron to Mozambique and Melinda, (et Out t6
vilit Monfia Zanzibar, P.-mba, ; jid oilier iflands,
vyhich neglttted to p.iy tliu ufual tribn'.e. The firft
fubmittcj immediately ; but the two latter nuking
refiftance, the inhabitants were drivni to the moun-
tains, and the towns plundered. Diego Lopez de
Sequeira, being intruded with the difcunry of
Aiiuijgafear and Malacca lit out for the latter, call-
ing at Padir and Pafuin. Their kings fciit him
prcfents, and made great offcn of friendlhip. Calling
anchor at Malacca, he terrified that coaft « ith hi*
cannon. A boat coming to his- ftiip to enquire who
they were, they lent woril therewas an amb dladoi from
the king of Portugal to the fovercign of that place.
The king's aiifwcr was doubtful, as ii ufual vilien
men's de(ij,ns are bad; and Hicrom l"i.ixi>ra,
who was f,nt a^ aniballadar, was honourably reci .nd,
the better to infnare Lopez who .Kccpted of the king's
invitation, but did not go i being iiiforn-.ed that the
defign was to murder him i and the fon of L'liimuti
R.aja was (into; t«>:rd tiin, for while tliirty niiTi
were difpatched to another place to t..ke in pepper, by
the crafty direiSlions of the king, the Ho t w./; luddeiily
attacked by (ivcral vcllels j from which Lop./, at lall
freed himlelf, finking (iveral of them j but loft hit
thirty men, who were killed in the town.

Alphonfo dc Alburquerquc no.v nnfiKTed of the
government, prepared, along with Don I'ernando
Cojtinno, to fall upon Calicut; where they arrived oi»
the ii'cond of January, 1509, with thirty vcllels anel
eighteen hundred men, b.fides boats of Alalabars,
who followed in hopes of plunder. Ev ry one
ftrovc to land firft : Coiitinno had 800 men, and
(iime field pieces, Alburquerquc had thefame number,
be-fides 600 Malabars. 'I'hey marched with more
confufion than order, each ftriving to be forcmoft,
600 men in the bulwark of S-rani, made a vigorous
rdlftance, till Alburquerquc coming up, they quittctl
it. Coutinno, upon this,marched forward to the palace
of the Samorin, which was T.-. . leagues from the
ftiore, where being arrived, much fatigued, '-.is men Calicut pUn-
fell to plundering without fhamc or order : butinthe''"
interim, thcenemy being reinforced, returned and fell
upon the Portugucic, killing many under their bur-
dens. Alburquerque, having by tl-.ls time entered and
fired the city, marched towards Coutinno, who had
lent to him, being in great danger. He (ound him
blocked up in the palace : nor could he aflift him,
being hindered by the multitude of the enemy, who
ftc* many of his men, and wonnelcd him with a
dart in the throat, and a ftonein the head, fo gricv-
oufly ti'it he was carried (enftleCs to the (horr. By
this ti:n , Coutinno and feveral more were flain in
the palace : bef des many on the way, who were
oppreliid by numbers, fpent with labour and heat,
or ftifled with the duft. They had doubilefs all
pcrifticd, if 2CC0 men left in the city had not come
up in time, and obliged the enemy to retire; they
loft in all 80 men. — Alburquerquc upon his return
to Cochin, made preparations for a third attempt up-
on the ifland of Ormuz. About the end of January,
Jic faileil from thence with i 7C0 men, in twenty-one
vcftels of feveral fizes. Calling at Onor, hcchanged
his defign, by advice of the pirate Fimoja, and went to
attack Ooa, in whofc port he anchored on the 25th
day of February.

The idand of Ticuari is fltuated on the coaft of
Canara, formed by two mouths of the river Gaflin ;
its length from eaft to wed, three leagues; the
breadth, one. It coiififts of hills and plains, has good
water, is very fruitful, pleal'aiit, beautiful, and
healthy. On the north fide of this ifland is feated
Cioa, which formerly was on the fiiith. The city now
in bein;;, was built by Malech Hulleyn, a Mo€)r, forty
years before the arrival of the Portugucfe. It is not
known wirn the old one was founded ; but mention
is made in fome writings of Montrafat, king thereof,
above 100 years before. The Moors began to con-
quer India, about the year 13OO. The firft that
attempted it with great power, was Nonadiii, kin;- of

DMi,

aed.

Gua.

<8
1-

11-
im
"S

he
Mit
cc.

>•»,

'!;'»

the
luti

iR-n
by
n!y

his

the
ndo
don
and
larSf
one
and
iber,
nore
loft,
reus
it ted
alacc
1 the

men ?»''«« pl»>»-
nthe''^"-''-
Ifcll
bur-
I and.

had

him
him,'

who

ith a

ricv-

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licat,

come
ihey
eturn

up-
iury,
/-one
inged
:nt to

25th

ift of

aOin :
the
good
and
Ic.itcd

now Goa.
forty
not
ntioii
crcof,
con-
that
inL! of

TO THE EAST INDIES.

J8j

iDchli, with a powtiful army became down from the
north, conqiicrini; all the gentiles as far as the kiii^-
dom of Canar.1. I'lience he rctumoil to Dchlijlcav-
inj; H.ibAl Sh.ili toproltcutc the concjiult : who, by
his valiiur aii.l coiuliict, became lo ^leat, tli.u lie
coped with his nialkr. His nephew Madura, pro-
fccutiiig what his uncle had began, poflillld himfilf
cf the kini;ilom of Canara, and carting of his allci^i-
ance t^i Sliah Nafradiii, called the kingdom D^-can,
from the fundry nations with which he had concjueixil
it, this word importing fo much with that language.
So great an empire always threatens ruin, Mohammed
Sh^ih, fearing this, ufed great induftry tofecure him-
f,.!f, which he did for a time; but at length, i'cvcral
governors intruded with the command of different
provinees, erch^cd them into fovereigntics, (imprifun-
iiig their kin" at Belar, the capital of Decaii)
The ureati-ft ot thefg was he of Goa, when tlie I'or-
tu'jUcie entered India, called Sabay, who dijd about
til".' time of Alburqueique's defign upon that city:
which the king of Hidalcan, liaJ taken polTelhon
of, and put it in tlie hands of his fon Ifmael. I'he
other princes were Niznmaluco, Mudr.i Maluco,
Malccli Vcrido, Choja Mozadan, Abcxcipado, and
Cotimaluco, all great princes, and foreigners (except
Nizamakico). babay was born at Saba, a city of
Perfia, of vci v mean extrailion : but fi.r\vJ the king
of Uecan fo fortunately, that he gave him the city
of Chilbert^a. Thence he extended his coiiqiicft over
the gentiles of Bifnagar ; and afterwards took the
iflaiid of (joa, (which not long before had been feized
by the Moors, who cnmc trom Onor) : Ma'.cch
Fhideyn, who was then lord of it, and defended it
with 1200 men, being killed in the attack. Goa
had fcveral dependencies, with which, and others he
conquered, Sabay hceamc the moft powerful of tl'.ofe
princes ; agaiiifl whom he maintained hinifelf while
he lived ; but his death produced great alteration.
Albarquerquc having fent his nephew Don Antonio
do Noronna, and 1 imoja, to found the river, on
\Nliofe hanks Goa is feated, found a fort well furnidied
with guns, and 400 men J which they attacked and
took, after a ftout rcfillance made by the commander,
a vali.int 'I'urk. This man flying to the city, Timoja
took another bulwark with ^o men. The next day as
Alburquerque entered the iiver, he was met by Mir
Ali, and other chief perfons of the city, who came to
furrender It, on conditions, that their lives, liberties,
and cftates, Ihould be fecurcd. This uncxpeftcd
furrender was o«ing to the terror which feized them
on the report the commander made of what he had
Iccn a few Portugucle do, and to the prediilion of
a Joyhi, (one of their religious men) who not long
before had declared, that the place ihould foon be fub-
jedl to ftrangers. On the 17th of February, Albur-
querque was received by thole on fliore, as if he had
been their natural prince ; and mounting a horle,
they brought him rich furniture, at the gate received
th^ keys, and went on to the palace built by Sabay j
from whtiicc hcdifpatchedembaflies to divers princes,
four months after, the Moors in the town, who had
ddivercd it up fo ealily only to avoid their own ruin,
and gain time till relief came, revolted, Ifmael Hidal-
can (Adel Chan) fet out with a great power, to
adid the icvolters J fending before his great general.
Camel Chan, with 15CO horfc, and 8000 foot. Al-
burquerque having feizcd and put to death the heads
of the confpiracy, prepared the heft he could for his
defence, however, Camel Chan, with fome lofs,
entered the ifland and cncompafled the city (whither
the Portuguefe retired) playing his cannon to good
etFeift. Alburquerque indeed did all that could be
cxpcfled from him ; but Add Chan con.ing up with
6000 men, whereof jcoo were horfe, it was rtfolvcd
ill council to abandon the city in thcniuht. This was
executed with great ha/.ard ; for Add Chan had begun
to cut oft" their retreat to the Ihips, in which Albur-
querque had his hiirl'e killed : yet got oft' without lofs,
after a feige of twenty ilavs. Alburquerque being
feinfiirccd by diips fi^jm Portugal, the fame year,
Vol.1 -'

by diips
N- 25.

1510, fet out from Cananor with twcnty-thrcc f.iil, I5i3-
and 1500 lighting men. At Onor he landed, to be ' » *
prefent at limoja's wedding, who married the iLiugli-
tirnfaqueen: and lint with him three Ihijx, pro-
niiding U) join him at Cioa with Oooo nun. On the
;.2d<if November, the \ic.roy anchored a licond time
hct'ore that city, and at break of day aiV.iulted it, with
great r.aughtcr ; the I'ortiiguefc entering with the
enemy, who fled, and doing gitat execution in the
drcet.'.. The f.ght was furioufly rcivjwed at the
p.ibee, with great danger to the Hortuguefe, but Al-
burquerque coming up, the Moors abandoned the city,
and, endeavouring to get over to the continent, tin i^ugU
hade and confuiion, perifhed in the river. Out of
gcoo men who defended the town, 6ooo were de-
droyed, and but fifty Hoituguefe lod in the attack.
riie booty of horfes, artillery, provilions, and fliiji.-,
was cxcellivc. Not one Moor was left alive in the
idiiid: but thcgcnfiles were rcftorcd to their pod'cf-
lions and ihegoveriiinentol them given to Timoj.!, who
came not till the city was taken. After this, Albur-
querque received ambadadors with congratulations
from I'everal princes of Malabar: and laid the founda-
tion of a fort; which he called Emanuel. He alio
coined filver and copper money ; his intention being
to make Cioa the Portugucfe bulwark in India. Having
left 4C0 I'ortuguefc for the defence of it, and 5000
gentiles under Melaru, nephew to the king of Onor,
to fccurc tho-country ; and to feek revenge, he rc-
turiud to Cochin : where, under pretence of going
againli the city of Ad:ii, in Arabia, (according to
the king's inftruclions) he prepared for the conqueft
ot Malacca. The city of Malacca is fituated on \r,ilacc» if
what is commonly called the Auiva Cherloncfus, or '"'''^^J-
Gidden IVninfula, and about the middle of the chan-
nel, which parts the ifland of Sumatra from the
continent. It lies in fomcwhat more than two degrees
of north latitude, ftrctched along the flioie about a
league, in the fame manner as Lifbon. It is divided
bv a river, and the two parts joined by a bridge.
'I'he buildings were of wood, except the mol'quc and
palace, which were of done. It afforded a pkaf.int
profptct to the fea, and was well fecurcd with forti-
fications. The port was filled with abundance of
Ihips, as being the great market of all thofe parts.
It was firft built by the Selates, a people for the mod:
pait employed in filhing, who joined themfelves to
the Malays that before inhabited the mountains.

They were afliftcd by Parifamorn, to whom thev'
fuhmittcd. He had been a conliderable perfon in
the ifland of Java: but being expelled by a tyrant,
who ufurped his lordfliip, he fled to Sincnpura, and
was well entertained by the king, agaiiid whom,
however, he rebelled, and was again cart out by the
king of Siam, and lo forced to wander .about Malacca.
Yet having increaled the new colony, he gave it the
name of his own Fortune ; for Malacca, in the Ma-
hayan language, fignifies a baniflied man. The firft
king of Malacca was the fonof Parifamora, fubjeiSl to
the king of Siam, from whom his fuccellbrs revolted.
The country of Mal.icca is fubjeiS to inundations,
full of thick wootls, full of hurtful and dangerous
creatures, chiefly tygers, which obliges many people
to pafs their nights on the tops of high trees ; becaufe
thev fetch them oft" the low ones with a leap. The
trade of the eaft and weft makes Malacca moll rich and
populous.

Mohammed reigned at this time ; againft whom the
king of Siam had fent an army cf 40,000 men ; niolb
whereof perilhcd by fundry accidints, and partly by
the treachery which that king praiifilid againft Diego
Lopez de Syqucra.- But now came Alburquerque to
revenge them all. Mohamiiud therefore brought to
his aid the king of Pahang, with a i;rcat force ; and
had now 30,000 men, and 8000 pieces of cannon.

On the ad of M. ay, 151 1, Alburquerque fet out
from Cochin for Malacca, with ig fail, and 1400
fightiiiiT men, 800 of whom were Portugucfe, the
reft Malabars. In the way they took five ihips of the

vay they I
vca, off

Moors, bound for Malacca, off Cr)lun, Being ar-
4 ^ tivcd

ifS

rORTUGUESE VOYAGES

151;; in til on til., eciilt ol Sumatra, tlit kings of Padli and

■ ,_—> Pii/.alimi lent li'iiic MoDrs to \ilit Inm. Nchoada

Hijiln.'.!, WHO !i.i>l a cnicf li.uul in the treachery ol
Miil.irr.i, was c.lc^ii ..t I'oa , — ..iiJ hiii. \vc are told that
not OIK' drop ct iih'nd, tht>u^;,h pitrctd with llvcral
inorlal wciiiiJ*, ill'unl fioin h:iii j hut a bracelet ho-
ingliikon oli' lii^ arm, l;c hlcJ pknt iully. The In-
dians, V. l.oi!i;covLrtil the f.crit, faij it «as the bone
of a beall that brnds in J.iva. It was tftecmcd a
i^rc;.t prize, end b;uUj;lit to Al'.>uniiiert]ue. — The
leader v, ill jii i^e the truth ol tlii» Itory.- •They
nc\t niir a venlT with ^00 ^;■J^rs, lb relolutc, that
MhiMq'i.nnie was forced to Come lip hinifclf to take
It, i..'t '• 'th' !il d.!i'j;'T. Tiie full cf July the ll^ct
^ irhoreJ in t!iC p\>:i lM M.ilieca, and teriili.d the
penp.- • 11 fhfre Witii the noil'c of wr''- /ilUumi.ius
andi^'nnon. i ii. revi d ij .1 Muir 1 .mi. from the kinj;
t.) tel! the viceroy, that if he came for merchamlile
il was ready. 1 he ir.elT^nper wa.s received with great
italj nnJ courte:'"y. The anlV.tr was, 1 liat the mer-
ih.nn.lilc foi.ght for waj I'riie rortiigiicfe left there
In Sci]iicvi.i, and ih.it haiinj; gotten them, he would
let the ki.'ij kii'>u- hi. f.",iiher demand-', lieing terri-
ll.d with this anfwer, it was a;;recil to buy off the
iI.in^iT, bv ml Mill;? the I'orlu^uelj and p.ivin;^a I'laii
of moiii V ; luit I'rince Aladin, his brother-in-law, the
kin^uf I'.iliar.j', hindrrtdih.-kin^4fromfiii!o!ii;j:. There-
upon Albuii]ii'':qm" began li-mc military execution,
which obliuv J i':i kill;.; to rcKorc the captives, and (end
i'lhi r med'a^i s, 10 wiiicii the viceroy returned for an-
I'.VLi, thuheoft'eri Jhim p'..'f ■: u prm condition he perm it-
led hi.n in iuintiv tor. lii'c a lurithercandiciiaid the charge
of his and Sn|iieyra's coming to that port ; fince h:s
fall', hood had bei'U the e.'^fe of all thedamn'^e fiillained,
and that he mull inftanilv return an anfv.er, whether
he chole pence or war. Ihe kin;; dtfiied an aecom-
inodation, but hi.s fon ^nd hrothcr-in-lawoppofed it.

The viceroy landed his men on the 24th of July.
The hnttell(;f thedifputc was about gaining I he bridge;
wh.ihwas defended by the prince, and the king el
I'ahan^ ; King Moh.u.;:r.ed came there alio hinililf,
en a large elephant, with two more carrying c.iilks
on thir backs, from whence fi, .v fhowcrs of d.irts j
but the h'lll.s b;-ing wounded, fled j and tiampling
down their own men, made \v..y for the reft of the
PorMtiiRx to jiMii ihofe al tlieb;i.lge, where Albur-
t]uerc,iie forlifieilhinif.lf : however, his men bcinglaint
thro' heat and want of fond, towards night he retired
« ith them to the fliip , where ten died of bounds by
poifoned arrnw ; the enemv's lufs was not owned.
The king of I'.diang went away on pretence of bring-
ing a r;eruit, but returned no more. Mc .111 while,
Krig Mohammed w.-.s bu.led in uiideimining the
ftreets, and civcriii'.: th'.m with polf.med thorns ;
being indelliioii'i alfo to fccure the hiidj;e, Albiir-
querquc lent Ai.t( nio dc Abrieu in a vtfiil well man-
ned, to 2''in it : he palV: ! through fliiwcrs of bullets,
and tl.ou^Ji deCpm.tily wounded, would not be brought
olF. Then floats of wil I fur wtie driven along the
rivtr to bum hii fhij), which w.is picvenud by Al-
b'.ir(|u'r;jiie'> gaining the biidgi-, whothen entered the
Ci: V ihr.i (liowers of bullet^, arrou's and darts. Avoid-
ing the iniiies ill tb- broad ftrcet,hcg::incd the mofi]iie,
and, at hfl, "ith great (laughter of the cneni) ,
get pofTertion of tlie eliv, having wiih him in this

ae'Uon, only !■' Pmiiisuif-, and 2C0 M..labars.

In nine days time, nil tin M'ors uere killril or driven
out of that great city, which was pcopl d .igain by
ftran^ers and foni'? .Malabar", to whun leave was
ptantiil. Among them ctiv.e Utimiiti R.ija, that
poweiful native of Java, wliofe fon was liktly to have
killed Sequcvra. The fiddlers had three days liht-rlv
to plunder, There were found y "o pieces of great
cat.non, <'Ut of 8c^o that King .Moh::mm' d relied
upon, who with the reft retired to Dintam (liir.tang)
wheie he and Pi ince Aladin fortified thvmfiiies, but
Albiirrutrque fending thither 4CO of his men, alonu
with 4^- of Utilniiti Raja's, and jCO belonginLr to
the nurchants of Pegu ; they put the prince to (lijlit,
and took ftven elephants with coHly trapping--. Mo-

hammed, who now wandcicd in ilu' woods with h'.l
loii,wdiofeobllinaey heblan-.ed, and ih> y lell.it \ .iriai.ec
and parted. — Alburnuerque inHaiuly built a fort iit
.M.daeca, (whiili (or its beauty lie called ll.irmola)
and a church. Me alfo coined money, as lie h.id done
at Gna, ol dineieiit Ipicies, and fcatlerid fume amon<(
the people, by which, and other fuch l|deiuliil .le-
tions, he g.iined the hearts of the lliangeis, and fe-
cured this moll important place, Alburqiieniue know-
ing it is fonutiincs convenient to trull an enemy, gave
the command of the men in tlieeiiy to Utimuu Raja,
but difcovcring that he correfpoiided with i'riiice
.Madin, on pretence of iiftoring I'im, but in reality to
(i.1 up himlelf i he, his fon, and I'ln-in-l.iw, were
appieliendid i and, after convislion, publnlv exe-
cuted on the fs.iffeld they li.al ertcLd ha o.'cjuev la,
riiis was the firll public exccuiion oidered bv the i^oi-
luguefe ill India. Two other princes wont aljout by
artifice to polTels Malacca, but did not fuccecd. Al-
burijuerque leeeiied here fc •.ral emballies, particu-
larly one I'lom the king of Siain, who rejoiced to leo
his quarrti rciingcd. He .ilio I'ei.t anibadlidors to
.Vaiii and P' .,11, wiili two p.rfons to difcover the
illniuK of .Molucca and liand.i. 'I'heii leaving 3000
men in the foit, .-.11 ! tin (hips to guard the lea, he
leturncd towards Cochin ; in his way, his fliip, on
the ci.ail of Sumatra, ftruck upon a rock. While
he was on tills ixpiilii ion, CJoa u a- beffged by 20,000
of ,\del Ch.m'- nun, encouraged by fome natives
within; bat tu i iccrov a:ri\ log \\'itli feveral fleets
at the fame time, from d.ri'erent parts, the rugc wa3
raiiVJ. H ■ivupon the king 1 f Calicut concluded a
peace, wiih iili-rlv to build a fort ; and thole of Nar-
finga, iiiia, AJcl Chan, and oih r princes, lint
..mL ;'ir„dors to him : There came alio one from Picf-
terj.din, in order togoto Portugal. Alburquerquc
!'et init for llio conqueft of Aden, on the iHth ..\ilen.
of I'ebruarv, with twenty (hips, manned with
I''. 3 Portuguefe, befides Ko3 Caiurans and Mala-
!'.i;-. The iityof Aden is le^U.cl near the toafl of
.\i..liia F.cli.x, and the mouth of the Red Sea. Over
it :;| p-ars the mountain Aiziz.i, all a barren rock,
• l:\ idid 111 nianj elilFs. The to.\n firm the fea, looks
bi.uitilul and (Iroiig. It is lieh, ani f.iiious for the
lefort of many nations ; but water is very feaicc, as it
depends only ujion a few wells and tillern<, nor do the
clouds fuppiv it above once in thiee years; whence
it is void of idl trees, plants and ouhards, the de-
light an. I plealure of oilur towns. They attempted
to t.ike ibis town by fcaling the wall, but ihcy were
oldi;^id to retire in four days with lofs, after taking
a btihvaik which guarded l!ie port, with .;q great
pi. lis ol cannon, and burninii the (hips which were
liril plundered. From thence they failed to the Red
Si-a, being the fiift Portuguefe who had entered it,
thiy took four rich (liips at the illand of C inaran,
where they were obliged to winter. In July they de-
parted, and coming again before Aden, found it newly
fortified J fo that alter exchanging afewfliot, thevice-
rovfailid for India. In Augull Alburquerquc ancboicil
ofl' Dill, demanding of Malec Azz leave to build a fort}
M.dic managed him with great addrefs, referring him
111 tlie king of dmb.iya, who granted it, on con-
diiicn that he might build another at Malacca.
.Meanwhile Malacca was in great danger of being ta-
ken b, P.itl (.hiiter, w ho at lall was obliged to fly to
J.r.a, his native country, fiom whence Pati Unuz,
lord I'f the city J.;para (.tfter king of Sunda) failed
with a fliit of c;o fliips fonic as large as galleonr,
with 12000 mill to fall upon Malacca; he had been
leven years making this preparation, andhildacor-
nfpond Mice with the Javans in that city ; but I'er-
n .ndo F'erez with 17 (hips and 350 Portuguefe, and
fi iiie natives, after two furious engagement-, put
L'nuz to flight in hisgrcatelt (liip, (or which a mer-
chant offered I0,ooo ducal-., ill cafe it was t.iken.
The Javans from this time w i re baiiilhed for ever out
of the place i which liion after Mihainiiud, its late
king, endeavoured to furprife by llratancin, and was
very ileal luci ecdiiie.

7 . Al.

Allen.

trc

ere

rtj
im
on-
ca.
ta-
to

117,

led

n\f,
ccn
or-
fcr-

iiJ
put

cr-

out
!;ltc

Iwas

TO THE EAST INDIES,

iKii

A'burqiicrque rcAiIiing to attack Orninz, tlic loth
of July. IS'4> l*-t""t with a flictot 27 lull, wlitriin
were 1500 I'oitu^uefc, btlUlcs boo Malabais and Ca-
narans, coming 10 anchor In the port the 2bth ot
March : there prel'ently came on board a vifit, with
prelents trom tlic king. 'I'hc viceroy fcnt to demand
the deliviry ot the (ort he had begun there, and that
fomc pi incipal men ftiould be lent with the inllruinent
v( the (ubmiflion made of that kingdom, by King
Sayl'addin ; evei y thin« was conlcnted to, becaule tiare
was no power to refill. Raez (or Reis) Noraddin,
the governor, with his nephew, came to ratify all,
anil was ftnt back with rich prefcnts for themfelves,
and a valuable collar of gold for the king. Public
ri-i;, icing was made on both fides for this ac^rcemcnt.
Aiitr which, Albuniuerquc went on with building
th^ fort, near whicli on a fcafiuUI, he received an
ambiifl.ulor, that came from Ifmael kin^ of Perfia,
with prefcnts confilling of ounces, precious ftoncs,
jewels of gold and fil'ks, the treaty was concluded
with mutual fati:.laction. lleforc the cominj of the
viceroy, R.aei Hamet was fent from I'erfi i to t)rmu7,,
witli a <li:fign to Iccure it, and deliver it to Ifmael.
He hid got the entire afccndant of the king; he had
brou:;lit people fccretly into the city to kill him, when
there was a favourable opportunity. Albuniuerque,
to deliver Sayfadilin, propofcd an interview with hini,
when Hamet entering t'oremoft rudely, and knowing
hitn to be fccrctly armed, the viceroy ordered his of-
ficers to kill him. While the fort was fmilhing,
Alburquerciiic perfuadcd the kinj;, tliat it was for the
faf-tv of the city to put all its cannon into the fort,
which with fome reluctancy he confented to ; and the
command thereof wa? given to Pvterde Alburqucrque,
Tluis wns this rich :\nd powerful kingdom brought
under fuUj.clion to the Portugutfe. Soon after, the
viceroy falling fick, was perfuadcd to return to India,
for the recovery of his health. In the way, meeting
with news ib.t a new governor was come from Por-
tiij.al with orders for him to return home, he broke
out into fome coni|)!;.int : after wliieh he was feizcd
with a profound melancholy, and died up»n the bar of
Goa, the 16th of December, 1515, in the 63d year
of his age : He was fecond fon to tjon/.alo de Albur
«iucrque, lord ol \'il!a Verda, and of Donna L-iinora
ftliiKles, dauphter of Alvnro (ii>n7.ales d-- Atayde,
fitft count of Atoiiguia. He had been malUr of the
liorfe to King John the Second, of a nuderatc fta-
tiirc, his coiintenaiice pleafing and venerable. He
was twice before Ormuz, twice betoie Go:", and
twice before Malacca, three faniou,s illaiuls and king-
doms in Alia, over which he triumphed. He was
liill governor of India, as his predeci flbr was the
fivll viceroy. The dominions of the Portuijucfe in
Afia were founded by three, vi/,. Duarte I'.icheco,
Don Krancifeo de .Vlmcyda, and Alphonfo de Albur-
querque.

This g.'eat man being dead, Lope Soarez de Alber-
caria took the ;^overnmcnt. He brought with him to
India a fleet (if 1 3 fhips, and in them 1500 men. As
Almcyda laid the foundation of the Portuguefc power
in India, Allnirquerquc clbblinied it, and feems to
have brought it to its height; for after his death,
th-'ir alTairs declined every day, throii;;li the pride
and avarice of tire :;overnors and other ofliccrs. The
jTovemor, according to the king's order, prepared
lor the Red Sea; aisd being informed that the iultan
of I'.-'vpt was fitting out a great fleet at Sue?., he
f.iilid ill fe.Treh of it from Goa, upon the 8tli of
I'\brtiavy, 1516, with 27 fail of fcvcral forts. Hi
tarried v, ith liiin iico Portuguefc, and 1600 Mala
bars ; one half uddirrs, the other half feamcn. Com
ing hrfire Aden, ,M:rainir/.ni finding himfelf de-
f.-iic, IiT-, (In ri. iifun a piece of tl;e wall was beaten
dnwn byRaiz Solymar, admiral of the Suez fleet)
ni,ide a virtue of neccflilv, and ofieird«the keys to
I.opc Soare/, who pleiif.il with tins tl,ittery, triilUd
to him, and tool: not pcH^irun of the city, intending
to do it at his return. Htaring that Solyman, by llreis
of vNcather was driuii to JoJda, and had no d<-

Al-

ftncc, he immediately rifelvcd to fa'l tbitlier, up the 1514

Red Sea. ' ' '

Jodda is fitunted in Arabia l\e!i:,, in 71 de^rece, f^Uj
30 minutes north lat. in a inolt b;.ire:i (oil, being all '
a deep fand. 'I'he buildings are good, but not the har-
bour. The inhabitants are »f two lorts, the naiive
Arabs, and foreign merchants. Mir ll'illiyn, alter
his defeat at Diu, by Alnuyda, beini', .,li,iid to rcttirn
to Egypt, furtifud this Io.mi f jr his own f,cnrily, un-
der pretence of feeuriiig the proplul"', IcpuKlir" at
.Mecca. Mean'.\!ii!e Raez Solvman,a Turk, of bale
parentage, but a powerful and Icld pir,ite, boin in
Mitjlene, an illand in the y\rchipela(!o, olfircd i.im-
felf to the fultan of Eg\pt to command ihe fleet of i-
fail, that was pu paring at Suez, to f,;!l upon .'\dcii ■.
an employ which Nlir Hufllyn hnd let his he:irt upon,
and he was accepted of. y\lter repairiiu; the Icil's that
was fudained at Aden (where miMiy of his men wire-
killed) and taking a great booty in th'- city '/.(•) bi.l, he
returned to Jodda, where he lb w Mir llull'.yn, iii
then delivered the place up to S(lini, the Turkilli liil-
lan ; who not long before had pcilbll'ed himlelf of
Egypt, and put .tii end to the dominion of .M;.Imc's
[by the defeat of Tunian IJey, (or Tomombaius)

the fuccefl'or to Canfu al Gauri,J

The port be-ing dan;;erous. Lope Soarez anchored
a league from the city, in which there was fo good
cannon, that fomc pieces reached the ftiips at that:
diftance. Solyman propofed a private combat between
man and man; but the governor v.oiiM not permit it,
faying. He would anfwer on (hoic. The cily was ter-
rified by the firing a galleon, while the governors
founded the channel that goes up to it. S:dvman ap-
peali;d the tumult, and appeared with fome men with-
out the walls, while multitudes a|ipc;'.icd on them,
braving the Portugucfe with loud cries ; who feeing
that Loap Soarez negledleii landing, be!;,ui to com-
plain of the delay. He ajipeafed tUem bv ihewing his
inftruiStions j which were not to attack the city," but
the fleet : and not being able to ett'eift this, be retired
to the ifland of Comarin. From hence, after futFering
much by famine, and lofing 17 nun, taken by the
Moors, ho went to Zeyla, a city at the nKuith oftl;e
Red Sea, on tlic Alrican fluire, and tlie great market
of thofe parts ; which being unpro-.ided, wa; eafily
taken and burnt. When he came to Ad'.ii, the wall
being now repaired, Miraiiiirzan relufid to djivertbe
place, by forming delays : being thus baffled, he failed c;„jr„ i„,„, j

tor Uarbora, defigning to do to that cily, v,hat he badtlicrc.

done at Zeyla : but the fleet being (cattired by ftorms,
and 800 men lofl:, the attempt vvas deferred till ne.\t
year, when it was taken without rcfiflance and burnt.

In the mean time great diforders reigned at Goa,

which at lall brought on a fliort fiege : the fame mis-
fortune attended Malacca, through the ill govern-
ment of George de Ilrito, and aiiimofities of others,
whofe tyrannical treatment m.ade the inhabitants fly,
and brought the late king with a confiderable force to
recover it ; lb that had not Don Alexio de Mencfcs
catnc with 300 men, the Portuguefc polfeflion tliej-c
had been at an end, after which the king of Siam,
who hated the Moors, fent Sianiefe, at the requert of
a Portuguefc ambalTador, to people Malacca, which
now became fccure.

The ifland of Ceylon (called by the ancient inha-Ccyloa.
bitants Ilanarc, and by the Arabs and IVrfians, Seren-
dib) lies oppoute toCapcComorin, the (biithern point-
of the hither peninfula of India; from u hence it jsp™'"'''™^''
diftant about 16 leagues, and is fuppollcl cuice to have ' " '^^'
joined to it. It was divided into nine kingdoms; Co-
lombo on the weft ; Gale, on the Couth ; "j.iiila, Ta-
navaca, Candc, Batccalon, Vil.ifein, I ri<iuir.amale,
and Jalanapatani. The I'ortuguefe.had a trade with
Colombo, the king whereof delircd their friendfliip,
and lurnilbed them with cinnamon, from the time of
Alburquerc^uc. Hither Lope Soarez lailed ne.xt, ill
1 51 7, with 17 ved'eb, great and fmall, and 700 Por-
tuguefc foldicrs : with defign to oblige the kin'; to pay '
tribute, and confent to the building a fort, "as kin*-
Emanuel defired. After a fmall contcft, in which the

in;indersj

I 1

283

PORTUGUESE VOYAGES.

lid li

led

lilt ,

Tl.j

iMv wU.ls hv l'.;i ( alter twenty u;i)S he rai
the lii;;-", "itli the lul's oi' j 50 men, and iS Hortu-
g'.i^l'e, jiiJ l.iv to hindi-r priivilions iiettinj; in to relieve
the tDvvn, hut retired on tlu' arrival of Ciareia dc Sa,
vith lixiv men. 'I'liillier alio came Antoni.) Correa,
ill IS'-U l:"i'i M irt;iban, wliere he li.'.J hccn con-
tliaiini; .1 peace ••vith the kin^;(il' Pegu, at winch the
prieits 111' boili natiini alTill.d ".

Oie^i) Lipe/, de Se(iueyr.i, ;;.r,-'rni)r of India after
Lo.'p Soarez, havii:g luatcd with Majich A/./., to
irect a fort at Din, ■,\n.i being put off with delav^, re-
lolved to conipar> it bv force : t >r this purpofe he ga-
thered 40 vell'eU of all f.irts, and in thtin jcoo Portii-
piul'.-, with Soc M.ilahi'.rs and Canarans ; the greateft
fleet of tiieirs that ever had been feen in tlmle feis.
Hut cnmiiiii before it, the gth of lebruai v, and
fiiidin^; it had been fortilicd and reirenelud, in a liir-
pn. inn manner, as well as re-inforced with a Ifron:'
H..i;ilo.i, it was a;;ri.ed in aecjuncil e.t Aar by 3II the
olficeri who afiiHei', iiu to attack, ii ; though after-
v.'ard-i ih.v char^;ed their own cow.irdice on hnn. 'I'o
a^ little piirpof- v/as the expedition of (ieori;e de Al-
biircuKiii'ie, ;To»ernjrol Malacca^ with iS fail, and
(.'CO nun, ai;aiMll the king of IJintan;^. 'I'his is an
ill ind of JO leajiiies in circumference, afid us nianv
di.Lint from .Malacca. It was well fortifiid, having
tuo I'ron.; c.iltLs, and the rivers flaked; li. that it
feemed alml)l^ MLieteifiMe. Albiirijui.re|iic liiulin!; it
iin|ioiiibIe lor the ihlps to conic up, a;;enipteil to land
Ills men in bnit-i, in <>ri!er to attack the fort, but the
\\ater beinu up to tl'.eir middies, am! the enemies fliot
Very tliick, tliev were forced to retire without doing
:r.iy ix.ciition, many of tlieir men being wounded, and
twentv being (lain, — From this place Ainoniode Brito
fi'.kd toi the .Molucca Illand- ; which are in ihcmiiKf
r . of inaiiv othirs under ti.e line, about tor Ka^rueseall-
I 1 1,,,, „ ward ot iMalaccu. — I o tliel.' illami', am! pi.ri;cu!ariv
Mu'iiu-.j. 'I'urnate, ISrito was lent to jiuild a fort, v.-hicli lon^r
fir.ce Ho'.lec, the klnirof t'le phrc, haddefired: others
h.iJ gone before, but to no ett'.'dt : as Antonio dc A-
brew, (in the time of Allnirquerquc} wl.i , lolinijone
of his ihree iliijn, ar.iveo at Bantla, (thf ch.ef of the
five of tliat name) which i- lih" an eaillilv piradife :
and one of its chief urnaircnts the pl.int that produces
the clo\e : from th.iice he retiirnei! to Malacca. Kut
his other captiin, 1 ranciico Serram, was driven to
Ternate, where he vv.oted for tie difpute to be ile-
f ided, which ar'ile •.■.mon;^ the kiiiys of thofc illaiuls,
'I'idore and Uach.ni ; each ftriving to have the fort
built on his own land,
, . . When Hi ito arrived at Ternue, King Bcvler wa'
t'll"',''ilie '''■*'' • •'""' '^"^ "' ' i'-'orc had admitted the Sp;'niards ;
li ivt" pjl- ihiiikinj; hinilVlf, w'tli very I'.ood n-albii, as liappv in
them, as 'Icrnatc (.•ouid be in the I'ortngiicl". Vet

■ T! c j{intit^' pli^l" w«s callL,! ilic tircjf Uawlin, wlio, al'iir
till' c»|.ttulAlioiis \\\ie rciKSrfLtJ, Itietiri t■^ tt:vl in a liuiiki antl
lie ul i.i;' funic ' c'l;!-" pni er, (a e iMiur dci'i aictl to their liolv
U'c ) wi'li f iipt r.mt Ic:tM ■- 1.1 tries, inrcril..*. v.irli I'L-rf.iiii cli.l-
T..i't.i*, fti (;ic ID it nil : .intl ntddir,^ tlic ha.i'ls uf rlic l-'iny.'i
ii.riiKi ovci tl:. pfiic*. ' ol.c torn- v/ortf, \vlticli r.:r.(lcul iKc
tMil. invi(jl:il)li:. U:i L. r.cali-jn t'ler. I.j;-J' .:J 1 m."
b

obfcrving, that the queen of Ternati?, (who wai
govern:!* to her fon) received Urito joyfully, tlic king
paid hini .i vilit, and Hnding him difplcafed on ac-
count ot the new guilJs he had entertained, offered
to deliver them up. I'liis he thought would prevail
on Hrito to build a foit at Tidorc, but Ternate being
found to be the more convenient place, it was at
length crcdtcd there. The arrival of the Spaiiiardi
was in this manner. While Serram (or Serrano) was
.It Jernate, a coircfpondencc was held between him
and Ferdinand .Maghellan, which turned to the
advantage of Spain, and trouble of Portugal. 'J'his
gentleman, who was a perfon of great merit, by
his (kill in (ea affair^, and the light he had obtaimd
(roni Serram, having guefled there might be found
another way to India; had even wrote his fiiend
word, that he hoped to be with hiin foon at
Ternate, by a new route. In effect, having been de-
nied in Portupal the reward due to his fefvices, he
went over to the Emperor Charles V. and offered to
bring the Spaniards to the .Moluccas, a way by the
we(f, at a time when they began to have a defire of
the fpice trade. His offer was readily .iccepted, and
the command of five (hips given him, with 250 men.
Come of them Portugucfe. Maghellan, (as we have
already related) failed through the Streights that
bear his name, and palled over to the great Pacific Sea,
which divides that continent fiom Ada, and coming
aintiiig the Kail litdia iflands, in one whereof he
was killed ill a light, in April, I5;^I. Gonztilo
Ciome/, de liipinola, in the (hip Victory, arrived
.It the .Moluccas, and was received by the king of
Tidor, in hatred to the Portuguefe, and thole of
Icrn: te ( on the account above mentioned, Efpinol.i
rctiitned to Spain by way of Panama, and left the
abav •-nKiitioned commaii I of the fliij) to Jii.Tit
Seballian del Cano, who, having loaded her with
ipiees, purliicd his courfe the way the Portuguefe
take, by the Cape of Go id Hope: being the fi-tl
that lived to compleat that wonderful voyage rour.d
the world. Their arrival raifed n.-wcontelts between
the emperor and King John the third of Portugal ;
who, by the former agreement, concluded the .Malac-
cas belonged to him ; and that no other European
prince v\ould offer to interfere in the trade of them.
Kernaii Perez de Andrada having fecurcd the trade
of Ciiin.T, at Canton, which proved excecdinjj
profitable; his brother Simonin, in 1521, obtained
iea\e to fail thiti-.'. r «ith live fliips. When he came
to the iflaiid Tainit, oppofite to that city; Perez,
the P!>rtui:iicf.> aiuballador to the Chiiiefc court,
was dill there; but foon after he departed for
Nanking, being four months on the wav. He fol-
lowed the emperor to Peking, uhcie he \vas to have
received his audience; mean while Simon de .\ndrada,
through pride and conceit, behaved as it he had been
king of tiie illand : he raifed a fort and fet up a i.-al-
lows, to terrify the people : committed violence upon
the merchants, and bought young people of bolli
Itxc-, without the iifiial precautions, giving occafiun
to kidnappers to fteal them from their parents. Thcfe
things coming to the emperor's cars, Perez, (indead
of being received as an ambaffador) was feizcd with
his people, and they were condemned to death, as
fpiii: I u: the lentencc being refpited, thev were
ftnt back prifoners to Canton, to be rcleafed, in caib
th'. Portuguefe icftorcd .Malacca to its king, who was u
liibjedt of China, othcfAifc they (hould be punitlicd,
an J none of their nation ever admitted, or tieatcd but
as eiuinies. The Portuguefe inffead of reclaiming,
agrcid to aC^ more infolcntly, which fo cxalperated
the governor of Canton, that he fccured fevcral of
them, and contrived to take fome fhips that were

|o'''.iec; fur Curea, to anivvcr t'l't fotcmnirv, having orilcrc-l
Ii:n |iicli t(i put on a ruipliec, and brinj; Ins lircvjjrj'i tiie
cover K^<s f'l taticicil, anil live Icavii torn, that iliinkin^ it
fc.nni'alniu iftir ficrcvl bu' ks (liuuM apj'ear in fucli bad p1ii;lit,
lu' it>u«'U>l iiitUa t ut it i. l>o<>l; uf chuuli niiiHc to be broUktli",
v.iiiiii Liirg l.i^i-'ei Hii.l liiur bouivi, p^U'.d iiinnnK tnofe
jceijjii. i Will a. li u liiJ be.'ii llis jjuljisl.

newly

TO THE EAST INDIES.

289

c rmii'.d
bctv.-.c n
utiigal i
Malac-
ropcaii
them,
he trade
xcccdiiiS
ibtalncd
,1; came
Perez,
court,
rtid for
He fo!-
to liavc
Xiidr^ula,
haJ been
) a L-al-

IICC U|>lll

of both
occafion
Thcfe

(liiUead
i/,cd with
dcatli, ;is
they were
d, in caib
«lio \v;is ii
puniflied,
leateJ but
ccUiming,
xalperated
fcNcral of
tliiit were

ivingoriltril
rcviiry 1 il>e
I tliinVinR It
cli tiail plight,
l,c brought,
;\mong "lol*

newly

Pciiluputfc
■ il)lialid<l(<r
lUin at Can*
luu.

Ctlctics ilifco-
vcreil.

Tuiks clefigii
inir>:ai ki.

Itintani; dc-
llroytU.

Tidorc burned

newly arrived from Malacca, they began to acl, when
DuiUtcCocllo arm inn with twovclRls tioni Malacca,
well manned, he was altackeil by the H«y-tau, or
admiral of lh.it fij, with fitty fail ■ wli< beiiii; rcpiillcd,
kept tlum beliiged forty liays ">■ \liilciuo fhips
more arrivin;;, it was rcfolviil 10 lorcc their way
tlirou:;h the II ly-tau's fleit, and get off.

Th.- Haytau revenged this JilaUer upon fome of
the I'ortuguefe who arrived there, and the ambalFador
Pirizj who Kini; returned with his company to
C.ii.un, they were all flain, and the cftedls of
I'cri./., together with the prcfent he brought for the
tmperur, jcizcd. This man was of bafc parentage,
and by trade an Apothecary) though chofcn for tlie
iniliali'y, c^n atrount of his good parts. There were
found wuhhim 2000 weight of rhubarb, 160 pieces
of damalk, +co "f other (ilks, above 100 ounces of
gold, and 2C00 of filvcr, three quarters of a hundred of
loule mufl;, and above ;jOO purfes of h, at firft called
papos, and much other inercliandife. The fame year,
I 521, the iilands liahiayn and Catif were conquered
from Miicrin, kingofLafah; who held them of the
king of Ormuz, but refufed to pay the tribute.
In 1522, the Portuguefe were attacked at Ormuz,
Babrayn, Mafcat,Curial, and Soar (or Sohar) at once.
The king of Ormuz defp.irinp; of fucccfs, retired to
Keyfhom, after felling the city on hie: but being
muidered by his favourites, his fuccelTor, only fifteen
years of age, was prevailed on by the Portuguefe to
return to Urniuz, on condition that they fliould not
meddle with the government of the city. This year
alfo the country about Goa, which h.nd belonged to
Allen Chan, was recovered by him, The king of
Aehen attacking them in Sumatra, they .nbandon
the fort of PafiMg. I'hings went ill with them alfo
at Malacca and the Moluccas. In 1525, the fort of
Calicut being attacked by the Samorin, with confi-
derablc force, the Portuguefe demoliflicd it, and
withdrew.

H'.ftor dc Silveyra, in 1526, deftroycd Dofar, (or
Dhafar) a ftrong city on the coaft of Arabia ; and
entering the Red-lea, reduced the iflands Mazua and
Dalica. They dileovered the ifland of Celebes,
Calayat and Mafcat, e.\afpcrated by the avarice of
Diego de Melo, revolted, but were reduced again.
Raez Sniiman, the Turk, who killed Mir Ilulleyn,
at Joddah, having recovered his prince's favour, by
delivering up the city, and fending a prefeiit ; Sultan
Soliman, the fucceflor of Selim, lent Haydarin, from
Suez, with a fleet of twenty galleys, and five galliots,
to deliver to Racz Soliman, who was then fortifying
the ifland of Camurin, in the Red-fea : where Hay-
darin, on fume difguft, killed him. Muftapha, nephew
to Racz, fucceedcd him, and flew Haydarin : after
which he fled with a few fbips, firil to Aden, and
then to Diu, for protection. Thus this expedition
defigned againll the Portuguefe mifcarried. Antonio
Tcnreyro went by land with the news to King John,
being the firft who performed that journey, till then
thought impofliblc. — Malacca being infcfted by the
king of Bintang, Pedro Mafcaren.is, with 21 Ihips
and 1000 men, 6co of them Malayans, failed to
that ifland; and attacking the capital, which was
well fortified, and defended by 7000 men, entered it
flew 400, and took 2000 prifoncrs, a vaft booty, and
300 piecx's of cannon, with the lots of only three
Portu'^uefe : the king was reftored on becoming tribu-
tary, fn the Moluccas, Don Garcia Henriquez burned
Tidore, after making peace with the king ; and went
to expel the Spaniards out of port Camafo, and
another town in that ifland, but were repulfcd, Don
George de Mencfes, in his way to the Moluccas, dif-

* After this Dan Gcnr^c iKcamc, on 1 fuddcn, mod wicktil
and ouiiagimis. Sufpcftiiig iliat Cacliil V.-ijdcca, » Tlilinc
fitldcmint had killed a Chiiicfc fow of hi«, Iw anoinied liis face
wild l>aci'n (wliich i< the inoD heinous iniury that can hcoftiuwl
to a Mahometan). In the town of Tat)ona, he took the ciiicf
maiiilUatc, and two Moort ot note : the lianda ot thefc lall he
cut oft I and on tlic tirft he f.t two Joj', who tore liik flclli, till

Vol. 1. N- 25.

covered the ifland of Borneo, having fent a prefent of
tapellry to the king J that prince, on beholding the
figures, cried out, " They were men inchanttd, and
would kill him in the night ;"' and notwithilanding
all that could bcfaid,«ould neilhcrfuffer tlietapeftry to
remain in his palace, nor the nu Ringers in the port.
At 'I'idorc the Portuguefe were woriled by the Spa-
niauls.

In 1527, fome Portuguefe, after the lofs of their
(hips, getting in the biJat to Cliacuria in Bengal 1
the Indians having made a vow to facrifice to thei^
idols, the handfomeft Portuguefe they (hould take,
it was the lotofGonzalo Vaz dc Melo to fall the
vl£lim. A fleet being fent to burn the Turkifli gal-
leys left at Camarin, they could not get to them, the
winds provin;; contrary j however they burned the city
ofZ'.yla, on the coaft of Adel i which Fate Mangalo,
on ihc coaft of India, underwent alfo. At Diu
fevcnteen Portuguefe being t.ikcn in a boat, Diego de
Mel'quita, their captain, lor rcfufing to turn Mahc«
metan, was ordered by the king of Canibaya to be
blown in pieces out of a cannon ; but that prince,
admiring the refolution wii'.i which Mcfqiiita entered
the mouth of it, was appcafed, and fparcdhim j Cha-
lua near Cranganor, and Porca were burnt by Loix)
\'.T/., the governor of India; Marabia and Mount
Dehli, by his nephew Simon de .Melo.

The king of Cambaya's fleet of eighty barks, wrert!
all but fcven taken or deftroycd by the brave HciTlor
de Silvcyra, who foon after in 1529, took Pazaim,
and made Tana tributary. Don George dc Mencfes
with the people of Ternate, fell upon thofc of Tidore,
and the Spaniards, whom they defeated, burning the
city, and then b':(icgcd the fort. The Spaniards
furrendcred, obliging thcmfelves to retire to Camafo ;
not to commit lioftilities againft the Portuguefe or
their friends ; nor to go to any of the Clove iflands.
The king of Tidoir w as made tributary, and com-
pelled not to aid the Spaniards. •

Nunno de Cunna in his way to India this year,
took, plundered, and burned MombalTa ; then failing
to()rmu7, feizcd Raez Aftiraf, the king's vifier, ana
fent him to Portugal, for mal-prailices. He was there
joined by Bclchior 'I"avarez dc Soula, who h.id been
to aflift the king of Bafrah, with forty men againft
him of Jazirat, an ifland (.iS the name imports) about
forty leagues in compafs, made by th"; Euphrates and
Tigris. He being the firft Portuguefe, who had
penetrated thofc rivers from the Pc.fian Gulph.
After this he was fent to reduce Babrayn, which had
revolted, and battered the fort, but withdrew for want
of ammunition. Antonio de Silvcyra in 1530, who
was ftationcd on the coaft of Cambaya with hfty-one
fail of veiTels, went up the river 1 apti and burned
Surat and Reyner, two cities on its different fides.
The firft four leagues from the river's mouth con-
tained 10,000 families, moftly Banyans ; the other,
which ftood a little higher, 6000 houfcs inhabited by
warlike Moors, and well fortified. Afterwards he
burned Damaii andAgazem two other cities on the

fame coaft. Hcilor de Silvcyra, being fent to the

mouth of the Red-fea with ten Ihips, and 600 men t
by fprciding his fleet, took feveral rich prizes. After
which, failing to Aden, he managed the king with
fuch dexterity that he confented to pay an annual
tribute of 12,000 xerafins. In the fame manner did
the king of Shael (orShcrafins) fubmit.

Nunno de Cunna, in 1531, then governor of
India, fet out for Diu, with above 400 fail, moftly
fmall vefliils, in whicli were 3600 foldiers, and 1450
failors, all Portuguefe ; bcfidcs above 2000 Malabars
and Canarans, booo ftavci fit for fervite, and alnioft

»5.V

Itiirnto Met}*
veud,

Bazaiin taken.

Spanlatdi fub*

daid.

Surat and olhoc
pjrik burned.

Allen and Sh«.
el tributary.

Diu attemficil

to Aun them, he ran into tlic ua t where being purfucd, he
dcfunded hiinfclf with his teeth, till at lafl he was drownei),
almod worried to death. Another »f the natives endcavoaring W
llir up the people, toihivcout both PortugiKfe and RpaniardSt
Uiin Gcor);c feizcd and Uhcaded him publickly in Ternate 1
which fo icriified the people, thu inoft «f (h«in, with tha
i^uccn herfcif, flrd from the city.

5000

J li .

' *■'

Hi.

S»o

PORTUGUESE VOYAGES

i5^^6 500ofeam*n. They ati.ickcd the ifljiid cif Ikih, I'e-
^•V"^ veil leagues from Diu, (lioiigly fortifirJ both hy na-
ture and an, and defended by two chuufjivd reiolnte
Arabs, Turks, and others, uf whom eijjhtini thou-
t'and were killed, and 60 e.innon taken, with the lofs
of only twelve Portugiicfe; ainonj; whom was the
brave Hei^lnr deSiIviyra. 'I'hilr Hay before this jil.ire
folt them Diu, whieh, in the interim, was rein-
forced by Mullapha, a'I'urk. Thecity was lurrounJid
with rocks and water i and the mouth of the river
crolFcd with chains, defended by thirty armed vcllels.
Within were 10,000 men, and an infinite number of
cannon, after making :in attack, which laftcd all day
without doing the eilcmy much hu^t ; De Cunna,
who expofed himfelf the whole aelion in a boat, with-
drew i Badur, king of Cambaya, rewarded Muflapha
with the government of Barochc, and the title of
Rumi (becaufc he was a Grecian) and Chan ; fo that
he was thenceforward called Rumi Chan. y\ntonio
de Saldanna, who was in tlic fca of Diu with 60 fail.
Cities nn the and 1 500 men to do mifchief, burned the towns of
csail burned. Madrefabad, Gog.i, Bella, Tarapor, May, Kclme,
Agafim, and laft, Surat, juft rifinj; out of the ruins of
the laft fire, the cruifets : having taken twenty fevcn
(hips of the king of C»licut ricliiy laden, the Samo-
rin to obtain peace gave leave to hiiild a fort at(jhalc,
three leagues from that cit\ , Diego de Silveyra, in
1532, huincdPatam, twelve leagues from Din, I'atc,
Mangalor, and other towns, Ihikiiig an univcrlal ter-
ror along the conft, and carrying ol} infinite riches. —
Dc Cunna, cncoiiragcil by thefe iLCO-lfes lit out
■gain with a 150 fail, jJCO Purtw;^uefe, and ar-O Ca-
narans to attack Bafaiin, which was then fortiiying by
Malcc Tocam, lord of Diu, who, on the approach of
the Portujuele, left a garrilon of twelve thoul'aiul
men. However, the Portuj;uefe .att.wked l''e place,
put the garrifon to flight, killtd Oro of thLm, razed
the fort, and carried oti' above 403 pieces of cannon.
After this, Manuel de Albuiquerqtie, burned ail the
towns along tite coaft, from Baliiim Jarapor, and
obliged Tana, Bandora May, and Bombaim to pay
tribute. Diego De Silveyra, meeting near Aden,
witli a very rich Ihip of Jodd.ih, the captain came on
board, and fliewcd him a letter, given him as a pafs
hy a Portuguefc prifoiier in that city; wherein were
tiiefc words j " I bcl'eich fucli of the king of Portu-
gal's captains, ns fball meet with this (hip to make prize
of her, for Ihe belongs to very wicked Moors." Sil-
veyra perceiving how the Mahometan was impofed
upon, took no notice of the deceit, hut difcharged him,
chuling to lx)le the riches of that ftiip, rather than
brin^ into queftion the fincerity of the Portuguefe.

Malec 'I ocam, lord of Diu, finding King Badur
defigned to confer the government of that city on
Mudanha Rumi Ciian, was inclined to give leave to
build a fort the'e; yet llill afraid, trifled, and at laft
\va- obliged to ftv on Jiadur's approach; Badur alio
himitiC, pretended a willingnefs to confcntj whexe-
upci.i lie Cunna went to Diu, witli ico liiil of (hips,
and had an interview, wiiich not taking efl'eift, he
m.ide a league with Humayun Pedifhah, the Great
Mogul, and rcturntd to Goa. — In 1534, Martin
Alpiionfo took the fort of Daman ; ainT B.idur, to
procure a pi ace, ga\e up forever, to the king of Por-
tiiL;a!, Bafaimwith its dependencies hy 'ca and land.
It wiis likewifc .ngrced that all (hips bound for the Red
Sea from Camb.iya, (hould I(;t out from that port -and
return thither to pay the duties j that none (liould go
to other places without leave from the Portuguefc ;
and that no (hips of war (hould be built in any of his
ports.

Badur, king of Cambap, who had by force or
treachery added two other kingdoms to his own, was
become very powerful, when Humayun, the Great
Mogul, his neighbour to the north falling out
with him in 1534, took from him good part of his
dominions, with Champancl his capital city. Thefe
misfortunes moved Badur to apply to De Cunna for
afliftancc, oflx-ring leave, on that condition, to erc£i a
fort at Diu Martin, Aiphonfo dc Soufa, upon this,
7

league wiih
Btilur.

went to filtle the articles, wliiji wcic, T! .it Barfur
(hould conlii 111 all that h.id bteii dene lelatin^; to Ha-
faiin i that there flimild be a Kagiic oMenliv'e and de-
fenlive betwmi llie kini; of I'oituital and liiiii j that
the tort IhiMilii be railed where and in what niaiiner
the governor (lidiild appiMiil, and that a biilH.uk to-
wards the fia, (hould be inimidiately delivered to
liiin.

De Cunna being fcnt for at H;idur's dcfirr, repaired
to Diu, and was received with much honour and de-
moiiflration of i"y. He inimcdi.itily (it about the
fort, which ..as fdon (inilhcd, and the ci iiimand of it
given to *- nanuel de Soufa, with 900 Portuguefc,
and 60 pieces of g.eat cannon, and Humayun, dtlpair-
ing of taking Diu, cmjiloyed his arms tifcwhcre.
The liberty of building this port, produced an adven-
ture as fiirpriling as that grant was important. Jiimes
Botrllo, aprrfon (kilful in the alF.iirs of India, hav-
ing Ix-cn in difgrace with Kinv John, for dcligiiing-
(as it was reported) to i;o for ^ ranee ; and being nii-
xioiis to recover that prince's favour, rclolved to efJeil
it by a mod dtfpernte and almof^ incredible attempt :
he knowing how carneftly the king drfired to have a
fort ralfcd at Diu, leave (or building it was tiareely
granted, when getting a copy of it and draught of the
fort, he committed himfelf to the vaft ocean which is
between Ind a and Portugal, in a bark thatw as but fix-
tccn fict and a half long, nine broad, and lour and a
half deep, fetting out privately with his own (lavef,
three Portuguefc, and two others. He pre-.ended he
was going to Cambaya ; but as foun as he was out at
lea, difcovtrtd his defign, at which they were all af-
toni(hed. iJut being overcome by fair words aiuf
piomife-s, they proceeded on their way, till finding
themfclvcs reduced to unfpeak.-.t>lemr(erics, the (laves,
who were failors, agreed to kill him ; but, after killiiij^
afervant, were all killed tlicmfelves. Without feu-
men or pilo», Botello held on his courfe with the fou^
that roma id; and to the admiration of all men, at
lengtliariH.dat (.i'bon, where the bark was imme-
diately burned, tlut r ibcKly mrght fee it was poflibic
to pel form that voyage in fo fmalTa veflel. The king
was greatly pleafcd with the news, and Botello reliorctl
to the royal favour, but without any other reward for
this prodigious aiftion.

De Cunna, fearing the Mogul would fall on Ba-
faiin, fent to its relief Garcia deSn, with 400 Portir-
guefe. He feeing the city threatened witli- a mighty
army, refolvcd to quit it ; but moved by the cries of
the iiihabitaats, and yet more by the perfuafions of
.\ntoiiio Galvano, he began to fortify the pl.icc ;
whereupon Humayun withdrew. Mean while, the
king of Achcn, bv craft, decoyed and (lew fevcraf
Portuguefc at different times. At the Moluccas alt
things were in confufion, through the avarice anJ
tyranny of the governors. Gonzalo Pereyra luc-
ceeded George Menefes at Ternatc, in 1 530 ; but was
murdered becaufe he intended to examine into the
frauds of his countrymen. Thefe put in his room
one KonlV-ca, who purfiiing the former evil mcafures,
Dc Cunna fcnt in his place 'Criftan de Atayde, more
vile than Konfeea. He imprilbned the king of Ter-
natc and his mother ; whereupon the people fled, nor
when they lamented were pitied by their neighbours,
who upbraided them lor .admitting a people fo wicked
as the Portuguefc intothcir country. Trilhn, to cn-
grofs the clove tr.idc, quarrelled with the king of
Buchang, and afTil^ed by thofc of Ternatc and Tidorc,
took and burned his city ; yet thefe .and other kings at
the fame time, confpiring to extirpate the Portugueie,
they were all cut off in I'ernatc, and Triftan almoft
flarvedout of the fort there for want of provifions.

Azada Chan, (general of Ibrahim, Adel Chan)
having ravaged the country in the neighbourhood of
(ioa, in 153b, tlie inhabitants furrendcred it to dc
Cunna, who accepted of it. Soon after thofe lanils
being invaded by Sulyman Aga, a Turk, another of
Adel Chan's generals, he was opjiofed by D. Juan
Pereyra, vuho built a firtat Ritchol in Ipitc of him.
Afterwards he defeated liim at Margiim, ami Azada

Chan,

Diu enieri
by Ue Cu

Eriiie ar
liny.

'■^^.,j.^afji.i a.

: .St^*-

vWrpf

I () 7 H K EAST I N D I F. S.

D!u cnlcreil
by Ot Cunnr,

{iritic anil ^vi!

Il «t PonJn, >«lilch town was burned. 'I'his
ialt cotnnriiiJiT, ciir.i;;i>l Ikumi, built the fort Uori,
on ibe ritci «r th.it 11.11110, npporicc tbiit i>t' R.ichul,
wbiih W.U thiTilurc lUimililbtil by the I'DrHiymCc.
After this, the Lin^ of Calicut's foicis wt-rc JoftatcJ
iiciir Cr.injvmor, ami Rip.lim taken ami buincJ.
Uurouas niiivcriil .1 pine of niatblc hijihiy valiinl
by the Iking iif (.'oihiii, (fiuni whence ii liail been
plunil.inl) bciaule tin rcon were cut the names of the
kings of XIal.ibar for three tlioufaml year> paff.

HaJur, kini» of t'anibaya, having; fervej his ends
of the Torlu^Miele, wanti .J to get rid of thrm : for
Ihispnrpcifi, he feni to invite iheTuiksto allilthim.
Mc.in while he lontriv. il, not only to take the fort and
deftroy the garrilon, but de C'uiina alio lending for
liim to I)iu in lS'"i where de C'uiina went j and
thou:;li appril'ed of ih- king's dill(;n, did not lecurc
hirnut a vifit made on bnaid, but rdblved to do it at
the fort. The kinv; putting ott" in his cutter or barge,
dc Soufa, who commanded al the tort, followed to
make the invitation. At the lame time, another barge
coming up, and feeinir De Soufa in the kinu;'s, entered
the fame haHily, wloeh givin" Badur afuipiiion, he
ordered his officers to kill l>c boul'a. Diijiode Mcf-
<]uita, (itho had alTided the king In his late wars)
undrrlfanding what he laid, flew at, and wounding
that monarch, was (lain by bis attendants. Hcrcen-
lucd a bloody fray, wherein four l'ortu;;uefe, and fc-
ven of thoencniv, were (lain. Some more barges on
each fide came up; :;nd the kiiii: (eeinp the d.iii;;er, be-
gan 10 Hy, bit was flopped by a cannon fliot, which
killed three ; t his rowers. He then thouv;ht to ef-
capc by fwimmin;^, but being in damper of drowning,
dilirovercd who he was. Triflan de I'.iyva reached
out an oar to bring him on hoard, when a f.iMier
Aruck him acrcls the face with a halberd, and then
others, till he was killed ; he kept a little while above
water, and then funk : and neither his, nor He Son-
fa's body could be found. De Cunna entered Diu,
and by his dilcrcet behaviour, reeonciled the inhabi-
tants, who began to quit the city. The ";ol(l and
filvcr found in the place, was not to any extraordinary
amount; but thc(]iiantity of aniiniiniiioM was to be-
admired. In the pmt were i6t' iJiils, f. me of great
bulk J no lefs wciulerrul was th' luimher of brafs
cannon, (not to nicmion thofe of iron) among the
reft was found three pieces, of fucli a prodigious
fi7.c, that Dc Cunna lent one, as a rarity, to Portu-
gal, which Is fUll kept inthccaffle of .St. Julian,
at the mouth of the river (.ilhon, and called the gun
of Diu. — De Cunna found ami>ng ihe dead king's
papers, proof, fufticicnt to convince the principal
Mooriih merchants, and Ca/.i'-. i.f Hadur's de-
fgn, to brinp the Turks upon the Huriugucle ; and
to ingratiate himfclf the more wiih the public, or-
dered th.U the Mahonutans fhoul.l' enjoy the fiec
cxercili" of thcii religion and law"i ; continuing he-
fides all penftons that had been rdlow.i! hv the king.

In the hegiiming of the \c.:i 1 5 jS, l)t I'uniia began
that vail ciilerii at Diu, which is of fir. h .1 lnj^ncfs,
that being 25 fpans deip, each Ip.iii contains looo
pipes of water. Thu;, he provided againft a long
ficgc. Indeed the arrogance of the I'nrtii^ncl'e at this
time was fuch as cr.ntimially laileil them u|) me-
iries. — The king of X,-eI, (or Shael) near C'aflien
on the Arabian cnaft, having received fome I'ortu-
gucfe very kindly in his port, they reqiilted the lavour
with Injuries. One of thefe aihong others, had rob-
bed a near irlation of the king'', and afier in/liiSing
feveral tortures, hung him, ami two other [wrlons of
note by the privities, to make them difcover their trca-
(iire. GonT.alo Vaz committed another robbery.
Alvaro Madera, being kindlv entertained by an honeft
Moor, forced his wife from him. One Ciudino bad
the h(monr to treat the king at his houic, and re-
paid it, by calling him drunkard. Others took a
flilp belonging to his fulijcfls, and Impudently came
to fell It in his port. 'J'lrc cfteifl of thcle villanies
was, that all the Portuguefc about t!ie town, were killed
by the Moors i and Don Manuel dc Mcnclis, who

julithen arrived as amballadur from Dc Cunna, with
leventy attendants, were made prifoiier'., thirty of
whom were lent as a jjrJent to Conlluntimple,
u hence ^4ad^■ra efeapcd, and carried the news toLil-
bon of the Turkifli fleet that was fitting out al Siiev,
to invade the Fortuguefe In India, (jodiiio had hii
head cut off In the king of Shael's pieleiicc.

De Cunna, defimus of having a fuit at Chatigaii
in Uengal, and being encouraged by a rieh Miwir,
fent Martin Alphonfu ile Melo thither, wilh 1 preftnt
for the King Mohammed .Shah, wln), je.ilous of hii
defign, fecured him, and 53 more. Mohammed was
the I ^Ih fucceflor of the Arab, who, 53 years b loro
the I'orluguefe, cntircd India, and ufurped the king-
dom of Hengal, by flaying the law fill king. The ca-
pital city Ciowro, extended three le.apues In length
along the (langes ; and cojitained one million two
hundred thoufand lamilies. Antonio de Silva Mcnc-
les being fent to rcde-em the pril'oners, and imagining
the melknger alfo was detained, beciiife he (laid longer
than ordinary, he burned Chatigan and other pi ires ;
lor this they were ufed the harder ; but for the lerviec
they did the king againft Shir Chan, a .Mo-iil general,
who had been well entertained, and was now in re-
bellion, he let them at liberty. 'I'hey ft.ippcd Shir
Chan's pall'ige elown the liangts ,it Gori, a fort,
wheie that river enters Heng.il j as fjon as the Portu-
cuele were gone. Shir Chan returned, and entering
Ciiiwio by force, fei/.cd the kingdom, ,Vlohammc3
d) iiig ol his wounds In his way to implore Huinaviin's
alUiKiiice. Shir Chan arpirin'j' to farther coiiq'nofls,
took ti.eeity of Calejor from the Rafliputs, [or Raja-
piites] with intent to fei/.e the treafure ot an Indi.ui
temple there; hut pointin,; a cannon tokrl an ctephunt
belonging to that c'lurch, the gun burll, and tore him,
with many (.thcrs to pieces.

At Malacca, things were dill in great cuiiriifion :
Don Stephen de (Jama, dellroycd Ujomtaiia and us
fort, on the river 'ior, being the Couth-eaft point of
the coalb ol Malacca, and 40 leagues from the city of
that name. In 15 jj Its bridge was twice attacked by
a commander of Achen, who was repulfed. The
troubles caufed at the Moluccas by the avarice of
Trillan (le Atayde, \* ere remedied,' by fending An-
tonio Galvam to command, whole prudence, mo-
defty and juliice, healed all the fores made hy his pre-
decellors. Underftandiiig that eip;ht kings' hail en-
tered Into alliance againft the Portugueft of Tidore,
he went thither with four Jhips, i -o Portiiguefe, and
5c Mcwrs, purl'ucil by 300 fail, with 30,000 .Moors.
They anchored at Tidore, whole (liores were covered
with multitudes ; and though the fort appeared Im-
pregnable, he ("caled it with 130 Portuguefe, and 280
(lavK. 'I'he kings comliii; in widi 50,000 men, he
vyithdrcw into a wood. I'liey thought helled, ami
fome parties purfucd, and they were routed; fome flying
to the fort, he followed, entered with them, and fets
It on fire. The kln;;<, Icrrifieil, fled to the mountains
with their treafure. d'alvam marched to the city,
(from which the inhabitants fled) and burned It to the
ground; levelling the works in fuch a manner, that
fcarcc any fight of the place was kft, but the aflics.
This unparalleled viiHory, whiclt coll but one flave,
produced an honourable peace ; after which, Galvam
by his courtcfies, and oftering to rcbuiUl the city, lb
much obliged the king and fiibiecls, that they con-
fided in him as in an antient' friend. The people
of Ternate being divided into parties about choofmg
a king, they ofTcrcd to make Galvam regent, till they
bad one conformable to their own lavis, hut he rc-
fujcd. Ferdinand de Grijalva, who was caA away,
being refiifed admittance by the kings of Gilolo and
Bach.m, into their ports, on account of their league
with Galvam, this latter ranfomed the Spaniards, and
treated them kindly. Francis de Caftro, lent out
with two pricfts, was driven by bad weather, to Sa-
tlgama, and other ifl.inds, looo leagues north of the
Moluccas. Tlicy dlfcovered alfo the iflaiid Minda-
nao ; the kings, queens, nobles, and people, em-
bracing the Romifli religion, wherever they, came, to

the

99 r

'5}7

MInJanaa liif-
covered.

?^"»

391

PORTUGUESE VOYAGES

Jjpan ilifco-

«Cll.J.

rortucuiTc

olfcllions

the wonder ff the Mahometans. When Gal-
vam'5 time of government expired, thufc kings
begged to liavc him concinuni t'ur life. He left
I'crnalc in a flourilhing condition, but returned to
Portugal involved with debts : thinking to meet with
I'umc reward for fo much valour, fcrvice, paiti, and
merit. But he found contempt and mifcry, which
brought hint to die in an hofpital.

This fame year, Diu was .'\ttacked by Solyman,
Bafha of Egypt, in conjunflion with the king of Cam-
bap's forces, by fea and land, of which more hereafter.
Peter de Farin, governor of Malacca, fent his kinf-
man Antonio de Faria Soufa to fccure a peace with
the king of Patanc. After having ran;;cd the coafts
of India and China, with various fuccell'es, .ind .ic-
cording to his hillorian having met with adventures
too ftrange to merit belief, they were alt at once
ended together with his life, he and his vcflel being
fwallowed up by the fea in one night.

Antonio de Mota, F'rancifco and Antonio Peixoto
failing for China in the year 1642, (irft difcovercd
Japan, being driven thither by a violent tcmpeil.
'I'his was the fartheft difcovcry made by the Portu-

gucfe in thofe parts to the eaftward. And here it

maj' not be amifs to give an account of their pof-
fcmons to the fouth ealt, with the account of tlieir
revenues as they flood in the year 1640. 1

The Portugucfc empire to the eallward, extends
poiiciiuins '^f""' ^^^ Cape of Good Hope in Africa, 'o Cape
fromilieC.irw I'iainpo (or Ning Po) in China, 4000 leagues along
ol Gihi.l Il.ij'ctlie fcacoafts ; without including the Ihores of the
i» Cliiiii. Red-fca, and Pcrfian Gulph, which ni.ike about 1200
leagues more, within this fpace lies half Africa, and
all Afia, with innumerable iflands belonging thereto,
Thel'e 4000 leagues are divided into ftvcn parts.
The firft divifion between the Cape of Good Hope,
and the mouth of the Red-fea, contains along thecoall
many kingdoms of the CafFres : as the v.-ift one of
Monomotapa, whofe monarch is lord of all the gold
mines in Africa j thofe of Sofola, Mozambique, Qiii-
loa, Pemba, Melind:, Pata, Brava, Magadox.i, and
many other fovereigntics. Here the crown of Por-
tugal pofleilVd the forts of Sofal.i and Mombafia,
and the city and fort of Mozambique. — The feconj
divifion, from the mouth of the Red-fca to the Pcrfian
Gulph, contains the coaft of Arabia, where they

have the impregnable fortrefs of Mafcat. The

third divifion, between Bafrah, or the Perfian Gulph,
and the Indic<, contains the kingdoms of Ormuz,
Guadel and Sinde, with part of tliofe of Perfia
and Cumbaya ; here they held the forts of Bendel
Diu. The fourth divifion, from the river Indus to
Cape Comorin, contains what is properly called
India, that is part of Cambaya, Decan, Cahara, and
Malabar, fubjcA to feveral princes ; here they had
the forts of Daman, Aflarim, Danu, St. Gens,
Agazain, Malm, Manora, Trapor, Bazaim, with
the city Tana, Carania, the city Chaul, and oppofite a
fort, called Morro. 1 he moftnoblccity of Goa, large,
firong and populous, was the metropolis of theircaflern
dominions ) an archbiihoprick, whofe prelate is
primante of all the cad : this ii the rcfidence of the
viceroys; and here are the courts of the inquifition,
exchequer and chancery ; a cuftom houfe, arfenal, and
magazine well uiovidcd. The city is feated in an
ifland, girt with a ftronc wall, and fix mighty caflles,
called Dauguim, St. Bias of BafToleco, St. Jago,
Agazaim, Pan^uin, and Nueflra Sennora del Cabo.
On the other fiue to fecure the bar, is that of Barba-
does. On the caillc Dauguim is the fort of Norva,
with a good town. On one fide of this ifland lies
that of Salfet, where ii the fort of Rachel. Then
going alone the coaft, they had the forts of Onor,
Barlelor, Mangalor, Cananor, Cranganor, and Co-
chin, which ii a biflioprick J and near Cape Como-
rin, the town and fort of Coulan. — The fifth divi-
fion lying between Cape Comorin and Ganges, con-
I ' tains Coromande) and Orixa, wlicre they had fort

' of Negapatam, that of Meliapor, with the city

which is a bifhoprick, of late called St. Thomas,
6

and Mufulaptam The fixth divifion, between

(langes of Cape Singapura, cuiitaiiis the vart king-
doms of Bengal, Pegu, Tanazarim, and others of
lei's note. Here they have the city of Malacca, a
bifhop's feat, and the lall place pofleflid by thciii in
theeallern continent. — The fcvenlh divifion belweca
the Ca[KS Singapura, and Liampo, (or Ning Pu)
contains the kingdoms of Pam, (or Pahang) Lugor,
Siain, Cainbotlia, Champa, or 'rifliampa, Coihiii-
chiiia, and the vail empire of Chiila i here they have
no place but the city of Macau ; (in an iHaiid in thu
Bay of Canton) yet tr.idc all along thofe coalls.
In the idand Ceylon (or Saylan] ihcy potr.llVd the city
and furt of Colunibo, thofe of Manar, Gale, and
others ; beyond Malacca, a fort in the idand Timor.
The number of their f,<rts throughout this large ex-
tent, was about fifty, and twenty cities and towns,
bcfides many vilagcs depending on the others. — As
to the revenue, the cuflomsof Diu were worth ioo,ocoRc"nucofih«
crowns; thofe of Goa, 160,000 ; thofe of Malacca, "•") «"'"'"»•
70,000 : the tribute paid by feveral places, amounts
to 200,000 : all which, with prizes, and other un-
certain profits, m.ide up about a million. 'I'he
viceroy's falary was 18,000 crowns, bcfides the ilifpof- viccroy'» fa-
iiitt of places, which are fold : but the chief thing l.iiy.
which they all look upon is trade : for whereas the
king gets nothing out of India, the viceroys h-tVe
cleared there, foine five, and fome 800,000 ducats.
All other officers have great falaries, bcfides their
lawful profits, and more confiderable frauds.

The archbifliop of G>^a is metropolitan, and pri-
mate of all Afia. Cochin was made a bifhoprick in
the year, 1559: Malacca the fame year ) Meliapor,
in 1607. 'I'he bifliops of China, were inllituttd by

Pope I'ius V. There vveic alfo a bifltop of Ja;>an,

an.l one of the mountain nearSt.l'homas of Meliapor,

There were bifhops of Perfia, as alfo patriarchs of

Ethiopia. The city Angamala is a bifhoprick, as i«

that of Macao, (or Macau). With regard to the 1 '

houfes, churches, and moiiallcries of religious: llic '- i

Francifcaiis had twenty-two ; the Dominicans nine;

the Anguftiiies, fixteen ; the Jefuits, about twenty

eight nioiiafteries, colleges, and feminarics j bcfides

a vaft number of rcfidcnces, fii called by them, where

there are but two or three priefts.

The above account may fliew how great the
power and wealth of tlu: Portuguefe mull have been
in its flourifliing (late : but by degrees their poflcf-
fion» have been greatly leircned by the acquifitions
of the Englifh and Dutch : which latter, at the lime
that the Date of India was publifhed, had taken from
them many confiderable places, as they had loft
Ormuz before, to the Perfians. In fhort, the
only confiderable places they remain pofl'cfled of at
prelent, are Goa and Diu. Such has been the effect
of their cruelty and want of policy, as to lofe them
the empire of fome of the fincll countries in India. —
Having f<i often mentioned Diu, we think it pro-
per to give the reader an account of the fainoux
fiegc of that place by Solyman Bafia, whofe voyatn:
for that purpofe we /hall here introduce, as it is lb
nearly conne£led with the Portuguefe voyages and
tranfadions in the Eall Indies.

The author from whom our account is taken,
himfelf performed the voyage on board the Turkifb ' - , t
fleet, nut voluntarily but by coailrainf, being ordered
to follow Solyman BalTa, who was commanded by the
Turkifli Emperor to go on an expedition againft the
Portuguefe in tne Indies : when the war broke
out ir. the year 1527, againft the Lordftip of Venice,
and ner trading galleys, commanded by Antonio Bar-
barigo were at Alexandria. Here they ftaid without
having any opportunity of trafficking or taking in
goods, till the 7th of September, on which dajr
Almoro Barbaro, the Venetian conful, captain Bar-
barign, before mentioned, the merchants, feamer,
and every thing belonging to them, (among whom wa«
the author) were arrcftcd, and lodged in the tower
of Lances, after which, all thofe ivho belonged to
the fea, being picked out from theicft, thev were fent

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tnC.iirn,anJ('riinithencotftUa(h.iSolyriiin,w!uiliuviii:;
chuli'ii tlie adiiilr il, (ifticrr<, guiimi', rnwci-, cirpcii-
tii4, ciiiiltci'i'*, ami lomr ci>ni|Mnii'> (uii tlicjii to Siii/,
wliiilicr .T wlulc .;(icr, hi li ul ilil|MUhiil liver.il .ith.rs
ti> tit nut tlu' iKit in th.ii [lirit ."^.liiid his conuiii'.
iiiii /. is III .1 Jcl.rl pl.ici', whuc '.iiiiu', iiu hiib of any
Iwlll'l.

Iltri' till- (hi;is WHO built ili.fi;;iiril fur Iii<Ii:i,
and .ill the linibir lor biiililiti^' tlKiii, iron -work, ;inil
t.iclclf, w.nhrou.Jit Irom S.iLili.i ;iiiil CoiilLintiiKiplr,
to Ali-x.mdii.i, uiiil thru ciiricJ down the Nile in
b;irks to C.iiro, and thfniv bv c.inal>, to Stir/. On
the ruad Iroin Cairo hull' r, uliiih is 80 milts, oni
metis wiih nohabiiaiioii-, nor even ;'nythin^, to rat;
(o that liclorc the cjiiums (it nut, they lurnilli thi-m-
f.-lves with the water ot the Nile. In the time of the
Chrilfians this was a threat citv, nnd full of tifterns :
it had alio a navit;alile raiial, cut from the Nile,
whereby, I'H ilie incre.ife of the river, thole riUerns
were tilled with v.ater, which feived all the year ; al-
tcrwaids beiii;^ deftroycd by the Mahometans, the
canal was filled up with earth, and now the water
that is drank at Sue/, is brought by canals from cer-
tain ponds or wells, at a phice fix miles dilFant :
which water, thoii);h verv brackifli, they had to drink,
every fifty men h:ing allowed as nuieh as a camel
could carry. Al! th? timber, iron, anmiiinitiun, and
provifiuns were brought from Cairo. I'he fleet
canfiftcd of 76 fail great and fmall, viz. Six inaons,
fcvcntccn j>alleys, fwcnty-(<vcn new foifts, two pnl-
Icon?, four fhips, and other Imall craft of various
fi«s. —

On the 9th of Nfarch, about 2C00 men qtiittinjr
the galleys, landal with their nrins, in order to in.irch
towards the mountains i but about lix miles fium the
filore, they were met by a faniak, accompanied with
a party of horfe, defigned lor tlieganilim of Sue/, vsho
furrounded them, and bavin;' killed jco, the leltweic
stripped, and carried on board the galleys, where llu-y
were chained to the oar. The 15th of June, Soly-
man liafiia, arrived at Suez, whire pitching his tents,
tliey reded cij;ht days. Meanwhile the fleet was j-ot
in readinefs, and the I'oMiers riceivid their pnv, vi/..
to each live ducats of gold, and lO madyns, in all
2i5iiiadyns. Hart of the men of the larg' Venetian
galley, to which the author !> Ion;;* d, were ilillribuied
on hoard the fleet, 70 in one half i;ille"y, 70 in .mo-
ther ; 11; in the kiahya's g.dhy, r.nd iX on board that
of K.liilierki ISaflia, who had with liiin the cmilul of
Alexandria; the re(l of the men were dilpnled of in
two !;alleons, which carried the piwder, (alt-p'tie,
brimftonc, ball, meal, bilVnil, irid every thin;; die
lor the ufe of the fleet. 1 hj b.ifll.l lil.^-wife lent
liis tiealiire on board the gall.vs, confiltuijr ot 45
chefls, which was covered v.nh ox-liidcs and oil-
cloth. On the aoih, he ordend all to be got on
board the fleet in two d.ivs. — The J.id, the b.iftia
embarked, and lemoveil lour miUs fioni .Sui /, to tlu-
point of I'haroali, wlure ihore i;> a good bottom, in
lour fathoms water. .Seven intndicd here. This is
twelve miles fr<iin the pits of .Moks. The J-tli, tlie
whole fleet left Sui/, with a itnrlh-wt(f wind, a.\d
before night fall, cal} aiu ho! fixtv iiiile.s thenci-, at a
place called Coroiulol j lieie thev h. id twelve f.illiom
water, and ftaycd one night. — The 2Sth, leavin;
Corond il, they failed liiuth-ealV, 33 Kai;uc«, nnd
call anchor, two hours before night, in a place c:ille
Taz ; where there arc many rr.mc ilcan I'riars, wh
furnithcd the fleet with water, 'f'his place is a day's
journey and a h.ilf, from .Mount Sinai, where is the
thuich and body of St. Catharino, .nnd here they re
mained hvc days, in five fathom water. 'J'he 3d, of
July they departed, and came behind n dry fand-
banic, aljoiit one mile from fhorc and forty from
Tor, c.illing anchor in 12 lathoms w.iter, at a place
called Ciiar.is, where they tl.iid two davs, to inlp.'el
thcihip which carried the Itores. 'J'hc 5th they left
Charas, and, aboiit live o'clock camo to an ifland
called ;'>orida.i, forty miles from the eoail. The whole
day's eo.irrc, from fun -lit to fun-rile, wa? 1 CO miles.

Vol. 1. >s 20.

'F'hey failed all ni'dit foUlh-ra(?, .in.l at fin r'f'(
lound thi'iiiUlves tu w indw.iid of .III ill.,ihl e.illed M.u-
/o'li, on the ii;;lit h.iiid, I • miles f irtht r. (.)n Ihi
()ili tile iiioi 10114 wa^ e.iliis and the wir'J^ vari-d^K-j
.iiid to III'- loiiili-talt lliev louii I a lli'ul iiiuKr water,
50 nulls Iroin the eoall. Tin ir c iirl ,: iioifli-wel',
till liin-lei, was ten niili>', aii<l in th niehl, loiiih l>v
wed t»>eiily mills. On th ■ l.lhlh. v li't.d ;'. links
loiilh-ealt, and came to a poit t.dlul Ivui, a very de-
lert place in right fathom u.itir.

Iiom Kor, they failed nhii;: (bore, on theiilli
thiily miles, to .1 eitv, niiiud /uluii, which i. t!,o
fe.ili, or lan.liii;' -pl.ice ot all llie Ipict 1 V that con (s
t'rom Inilia and Calicut, diltant hum .Mecca a (t.igr
and a half. Here are hveral IhoaK, loth niidu and
above water ; yet it is a good poit, and has plintyt.f
provifions i but no water is to he nut wiili, e.\i.ept-
ini^ what is in a ft w cilKiiK, lillidwitli lain. ILie
tlu y lountl gnat llores of iin r li.indif- ; ami th''|,l;ne
alforils tl.iti -, ^iii^er of .Mieia, and o'.l.er loii-.—
Without the CUV 's a nioli[iie, where, aecerdiiig to
the Moors is the f.pulchreif K\e. 1 hi inh.il.ii.:ii's
go almod nakeil, and are me.igie and fw.irtliy. H' ic
Is lifll in abiird.iiiee, Th, \- tie tlir..; or lotir pi'.ei s of
timber to;',ethir, about hve lu t lone, and on (na of
thefc flo.its a liiij'lj man fitt.n., riws v,\\\\ a bi art!,
inil ventures out eij'.hl or nine miles at I'ea lo hill, in all
weathers. Here tlu- fl.vt ri.I',.d lour d..y>, luulloulciii
water.

At their departure, on the i 51I1 of July, five ('ir:'tl
V lii.ls were niiUiii;; by chance, wliich they u.uierlloid
by a miMi who efeaped out of a f ilt. 1 his day they
l.iihd fuuth-w Jl hyfiMi'li, Si) miles.

On the Kjth of the fame month they fiiled cafl by
hiiith with . I bii'kwind, till nine in the morning, and
1 .inie amoii:; CvTlain illamh, e.illed .\ila', a difert
I'lace, and inhabited only bv people w ho c.tnie ;io,ii
other ifland>, to I'.ili and let k ItU' p.aiN, y, hiththey
L;et by diving to the holtjinor the It a, in four fathom
watci. They Jriiik rain-watir pielirved incillerns,
and canals. Here they llaidall night, having ran ico
miles. The 20th they came to im illaiid 20 miles from
l.iiid, called Camatan, wlure tlicv met with good wa-
ter and prill ihons. In this place there was a ruinous
ealll,- uninhabiud, and about 50 luiules made of tht;
buiiilis of tree?. 'I'hiv l.nv lonu' (.tli', r houlls lea!"
leivtl over the illand. I'hcy get .•.hiiiitl.incc of white
coral here. Tile nun ;;o quite n.ikal atij barr-fooieil.
Till y are littl.-, ar.d uo.ir r.iuliing en their head-., b'.:t
thur hair, and wiappini; up their piivit.es in a eU ut.
Thev ate all feamen, liavingal.w barks ;:nd Cniii!!
eratt i the planks 1 f u !iich are b'tind tojitlier with
ippi'-, without any iriin-woik, and th. ii laiK are mat- ,
ciiiioiidy made, (as well .is the cord.ige) with the
b.iikot palm and d ite tree-, alter th.- ni.iimer of laiu.
Tlu y go to land withl'.-e baiks, aeJ bring tluni
abundance of datci, ar.l a Ibrt of white buclc-
whe..;, and they have a geod cjuantity ot .Micea
giiiDi-i. Thev have plenty ol myrih alio from Hifl.i j
ihey br.'.ik their bin 1; -win at on a pitce if niatblf,
..hiiit till.' file of tht'i'e that Cflonr; aregidiind nn,aiKl
tipon it is another Itono, hrlf an til hioaJ, in form
o! a rolling-pin or roller, \. ilh i-. hieh tlu y bruilc j
and, prer.i.ta- work up a |..iifi-, of which they
make thin cakes. This is tluir h'eaJ, and it is veiy
hard, Co rhat it mud bcniiide fielhcvirv day, othrr-
v.ife It will grow li) dry, vh.u there is no citing it.
Both (Icdi and lifharcln;re in gri, at plenty. 'I'his pl.-.cc
is from the idaiid of Aitis 40 miles. Here the
balha landed, nnd cauf d ?\\ the ralK v s to mrn in with
him. From hence he dilpatt lied twofoills, one to the
king of Zibit, the other t' that c^f .-XJeii, ordering
him to provide water and piO\ ifions (m !',«: fleer, that
he mi-'lit be able to proce.d in his expcdiri? n to Indi;;,
ngainll the I'ortuguefc, ami to tell the kiii". c( Zibit
(which lies a day'sjourney within land) that he niiift
come to the watcr-fide, and bi ing tht grand ftgnrr's

tribute, and pay obedience to the balha. '["he

fleet was furnifticd with v.-ai.-r, and daid here tea
days.

4 G On

Ml'^

PORTUdUESE VOYAGKS

On the 30lh lli*y left C'amar.m, witli a fmnll
winJ, aii>l railing; fifty milc<, louth \>y liilt, at one in
thf iniirnmg cuiiic to ihi' inaiid 'rincc; where the
tiark wliii'li \v,is lint tii /ibit, mit ihini, aiiil binuglit
llii: kiiii;'i> jiri'lcnt to tlic biillia ; coiifilling of Iwords
\vruui;lit at /.ima, in (he ihapc of virile nicnibii^, the
hanJIis and fc.ibbaiUs iK'iiiL; uf filvcr, gilt) alfo li'iiie
|)oiiiarU> ol ilic fame fort of workmaiilhip ; the haiiillis
of which were ndorntJ with 'I'uiky Itonrs, nibuii
anil prarls. As tn the tribute, the kin;; of Zibit fi'iit
the Kilha Mnrd, that he would pay it at (heir letuiii
from iiiii<|urriii;' the I'ortugutfe j acknowledjjiiij;
hiiiilill ihc jiraiid fif;iiior'!. flave. 'Iliis day they ad-
vanced litty miles, and in the night (hey tailed fifty
more, fuudi by call. On the til of Aii(;u(l they pro-
reeded ten miles in the iiip,ht, with a lotith-eali Mind,
to !i Oio.d, e.illcd Alontiankin, near the l(rei}>ht9
moutli ; an>! to the li^lit on the fide of Abyflinia ;
here they liad two fathom water, and iLiid one

ni;;h(. Leading the (lioaU, (hey (ailid eaft by

fou(h, ten miles, and got out ol the (lrcii;lus ; whence
procerdiiij; till fun iile iiext morr.iiii;, tluy Went
ci;^hty miles f.irther. Sailing eail by north ti(>hty
miles, on (he thiid,the fleet arrived at the city of Aden.
It is very llron:;, and (lands by th. Iia-lide, liir-
rounded with i needing high inouiiiains ; on the
fop of which are Utile calHes or l'olI^. It is encuni-
palfed alfo with ravelins on every fide, e.xceplinn a
little opening, about ;}C0 paces wide, lor a road into
the country, and tn the (hore, with nates, towers,
and pool! walls. Ucfidet all this, thde lies a llioal
bitVirc the city, on which is built .1 lott, and at the
foot of it a tower for the defence ol the port, which
lies to the fiuth, and has two fallioms water. I'o the
north (here is a large port, wilh good anchoraj^e,
covered Iroin all winds. Th-re is plenty of
v.'ater here. The foil is drv, produeinj.; no kind of
thing. They have only rain water, which is
preferved in cillcriis and pits, ico fathom deep j and
when drawn out, it is fo hot as not to be drank, till
it has Hood to cool. This city is furnilhed with
prov ihoiis, wood, and every thinu; elle from oilier

places. As loon as they arrived, there came four

men of fifhion to thebalha, biint;in;; with them feve-
lal rel'iifliminti. He received tlieni coiirteoully, and
talked to ihein a while in private j afti r whieli he L;ave
each of them two veils of figured velvet ; and Knt them
back with his fife condue'l for the prince, fignilying,
that lie might lately come on bo.ml, and fear nothing.
Hut the Lord if Aden lent to tell him, that he would
not go himieli ; but would readily fupply him with
whatevti lu ilood in need of: and thus matters flood
this dav. On the5tli, the baflia ordered the janilFaries
Tie kinir of tci land with their arms, and all the galleys to man

' ■' "iheir boats. He dil'patched his kiahya, to fuminon

the lord of the city to come and do homage to the
grand fignior, before the bafha. To whom he an-
fwcred, " I fee by your head that I am the grand
figiiior's flxve." — I'lic baflia feenicd to treat him will,
arid gave him and his retinue verts of figured velvet ;
but, after having pcrminion to depart, caul'ed him to
He is liani;cJbe lei/.ed and hanged at tht yard arm; and then felit
if.liojaidarm .„(, jar.ilTaires to take pofi'effion of the city.

The whole armada, to the amount of feventy-lour
veflelf, great and finall, left the place on the 19th,
and met with nothing remarkable during the rc(t of
the month of Auguft. On the firft of September,
they fleered north-eaft by eaft, failing fcventy miles
in the diy, and eighty in the night. September the
fetond, they kept the fame courfe, thirty-miles ; being
at noon in tiiirty-fivc fathoms water, and in twenty at
night, within 100 miles of Diu; but from the neareft
land to north, 4C0 miles. They law in the fea, at
the diftaiice of ico or 150 miles, certain fnakes, and
the water often green, which are figns of approaching

the fliorc, throughout that coaft. The third, at

day-break, the fleet proceeded with calm weather,
along the fliorc i and, at nine in the morping, there
came a bark from land, and told the baiha, that there
vvcic 700 Portuguefc ill the cafllc of Diu, and fix

Atkn [^u:i on

armed galleyi. The baflii made ihcm « prefent of
fiKcafuns, (or veils) and havinu kept thim an hour,
difmilird them. Afterward* a Jew, being taken on
fliore by the failurt belonging to one of (he lurks
was brought on board, and confirmed the toimer
rtport. riin day they ran thirty mile«, and in (he

ni;;lit thirty more. The fourtli, at fun-rife, tho

llett proceeded thirty miles, and cart anchor within
three miles of Diu, before thin perceiving a Huriu-
gutle foill come out of the port, the biiflm ordered a
half galley to fail after her, which' purfued all day,
but loll her in the night. — —

The fame day, came on board one Cofa Zafl'ar,
a native of Utranto, but turned Turk ; and
was captain of the galley in the former fleet, lent by
the gr.ii.d lignior to India : which fleet having been
dileated ami dellroyrd, this Cola Zaifjr went into the
fervict of the king of Dm, called king of C'amb.iya,
(which is the name of the country) who gave hiiu
l.iiuls, and made him governor in chief in all his
kingdom. Zaflar alfo had infinualed hiinleif with
the PorlUfiiKlc, and gained their friend/hip i hut
when he undeiftood that the Turkilh fleet was coining,
he and the viceroy of the kingdom, came with tiooo
Indians, and took the city from the Portugueli:, and
befiegid (hem in the caflle.

Along wiih Cofa Zaft'ar, came the grand vifir of
the king, they were received with honour by (he
baiha i and inlormed him (hat there were 500 foKJiers,
and joo o(her«, in the caflle, which they had befiegej
tweniv-fix days, and did not doubt to take it with
their Indians, provided (hey were furnilheil by him,
wi(h ardllery and ammunition : otherwife they fliould
not be able. The balha gave each of them two veils j
but while thy ll.iid to talk with him, the Tuiks
landed wiih llieir arms, anil plundered (he eitv,
doing (he liuli.iiis a thoulaiid Injuries, not fparing the
vice-roy'ii p.il.iee, from whence they took three fine
liorle-, mom y and furniture i infliorr, whatever they
could lay (Iiew hniids on. They aJvancid alfo up to
t!ie callle, and fkitmiflied v/ith the I'ortugu. fe. Thu
viceroy being returned, and made acquaiiueJ with the
outiages coiiimi(ted by the Turk-;, immediately I'aie
orders to his oflicers to be in readinefs j oiul (he iii^'ht
following, ittiredwithaboutbcoon.cn, and went to
the king, who was then about two days journey up
(he coun(ry. The fame night, there came a foill'lroin
the city with provifions of frcfli bread, nuts, ll.ih,
boiled-rice, and other things, in the king's naim ,

which were difpofed on board the baftia's galley.. •

'I he filth the balha fent the Moorilh captain and his
kiahya, to join thofe on Ihore. All the galleys fent
their boats, filled with janifl'aries, to aflifl thole of the
country, who were encamped round the caflle, and
not above 2000 men, the reft being departed with the
viceroy, and Cofa /affar. — On the fiventh, the fleet
removed, and came to a very good port, called Muda
liurak, thirty miles from Diu, wlicre there is water
enough.

Alterwards the balha went on (hore, where
theyh.id begun to phy their cannon ; which for that
purpolc, were mounted on four maons. He lent alfo
three cannon on flioie, which were planted on a
tower, ftandiiig by the water-fide, about a cannon
Ihot from the great fottrefs: on wljich tower flood
Indians to give billets, and receive the cuftoms. It
had thick walls, and was defended with four braf*
guns, with a commander, and 100 foldicrs. It has

neither dileh nor water round it. On the ninth,

a fliip and galley laden with bifcuits, powder, and
other ammunition, entered the port) and ftriking on
afandbank, funk. The goods and the galley were
recovered again, but the fhip fplit in pieces. — The
nineteenth there arived a half galley in bad condition,
which had bctn kept back by the weather, and driven
t9 a port belonging to a certain people, who arc gen-
tiles, called Samari; where fending a boar, with
fome janiflaries, on land, they were all cut in pieces.
After which taking the barge, and manning loinc of
their own b.irks, they fct upon the galley, and flew

fixty

T O r U 1, i: AST I N I) 1 K s.

f\xty pcrfoni more, inromurh, that flic h^d miuli
■ilu to d'cnptr. On joiiilii,.; (he flnt, the Ivilh.i Icni
lorihe |i lot, iiiul caiilcd hiiii Id he h iii;"J (m liisill
fuccils. Al'lcrwaril« an Imli.in hclfinpiiii', to tlict.illl"',
whii li.iil turnt'J Cliiil'i.in, hi'in; tak< ii in a I illi->, w.iv
br(iu|;ht IkIok- iIic bilhu, whu onliTcJ Imn i<> In
cxaniinul ; bvit the man nfiilin^ Ki .mlvvrr any ipi. I .
tioii, was liy thi halha's i(>inni.inil, cut in two.
In tlmcuiintry, the people are vrry lean, ami liv.
viry Iparinnlv, ami cat lu) b»cf; but riili <hi iliiii
oxen, whiiharc Imall afiil h.inJlonir, vci y i.ic»..l)l'. ,
■ ml havr .1 toit ut pair. Thiy mjk>- a Im! ■ ihriiu^;li
til? nollriN of the bealk, anil run a toiil ihri'iif;li,
which Icrvcs for a bridle. Thiy load Ihiin in ilu
fame manner as mules are loaded, ilieir horns are
long and rtrlit. There is grrat Ualliii!; on the
birth of one of th.li rieatures, which thiy hive j;reat
vcneiation for, elpecially the cow, and on this ac-
count, they are rcikoncd idolaters. Winn any ol
this loit (if men hapiMi to die, the wile m.ikes a

Steal leal! for her relations i atnr whieli they {\i>
ancin^ along, accordiii); to .iin- culloin, to a pl.iee
where a great Hie is pivpaied, .md throw the corple
into the llanies. Tiny cany alini; with them a lari'.e
pot full of n.e.ife, (caldin;; lioi j then thL- widow
dame' rouni the hrc, lin^in;, liie praifes of her deiid
hulband. Allei tins, (he gives one rtlatioii a riii;;,
another sc.invn, andfooii, till (Ik- has norliinn lift t>n
her, but * l'. <i\'. to hide her iiakcdneis, and iiiinu-di
»telv alti-r, takes a pot of th ■ fcaldini; i;re.ile, and
callinu It 111! ' tlK tin-, leaps herCelf into the niidft of
it i thole a )Ul the hre, throw upon her the pots
with greale to inerrale the flanie, Co that (he is dead in
til inuaiit. Tliofe women that would be thought
virtuou>, obleive thit culkoni ; and iliole uhodonoi,
are reputed wicked, had livers, and dilhonell j nor
will any many with fucli afterwards. *

This country it very rich, and produces abundance
of excellent (jinger of all forts, and cocoa nuts,
whereof they make vinegar, oil, flower, cord I'jje,
and mats. The tree refembles the d:uc-trec, dirt'er-
\n^ in nothing but the fruit and the leaf; that of the

palm being broader. The jtSth. the fleet dep.Tied

from the port of Mudafcraba, >vlierc tliey had from
two to four fathoms water. — The 2ytli, they failed
fix hours, and call anchor fifteen miles (rom Din,
where they failed one night. — On the jotli, the (lect
departed with a north wind from the Ihore, and went
behind the calflc of Diu i where all the galleys
difcharged their artillery, and then turned off, ca(}iii!;
anchor about three miles from thence.

On the (irll of Oiiloher, there came a perfon from
the lelfer callle, as ambafl'ador to the fleet, torapitu-
l.ite, bccaule they could hold out no longer i be-
caufc the Turks had planted three pieces ot cannon
under it, which carrying 150 pouixl balls of iron,
piercrd the tower from fide to fide ; fo that the flones
ftcw about, and killed twenty out of ico defendants,
but before they furrendcred, they with their mufiiuets,
and four pieces of cannon, (lew .ibundance of Turks ;
the fire having continued for eighteen or t.vcnty days.
As foon as this perfon had delivered his mefl"af;c, he
was prefcntcd with a rich vcft, and had a fate conduifl
written in ample form, for himfilf and others : with
which landing, he prevailed on the captain of the
tower, and two other perfons, to go to the bnflia,
who gave the former a veil alio, and confirmed the
fafe-coiuluft i with this condition, that they ihould
not go into the great fortrefs. The captain, whofe
name was Juan Krancifco Padoano, returning to the
coafl, which was called Gogolc, brought oft' liis
men, in number eighty, whom the bafha ordered to
be confined in a houfe, without arms, and under a
ftrong guaid.— — Thcfecond, the bafha fent for the
four (lave gunners of the large galleys, and ordered

llicm on fliore to batter the firtrcf*. He likcwiftf
ordered llie I'otlu^infe who had furrelid'ttd, to lie
dillMliiituI into Kver.d gi(ley«, and cli.iiiud In tliu
Ml, eaplain and all. I h- fa'iv day ttnee I'c.i'i-
•,ui (e galleys cnicml ihe port o| |)iu, rtiiliout tlm
fall oppofiiion : for the i iha did not l> nd 01, e vrllel

10 hinder till 111. Tlvrk aniv.d a Ihip oiiili-'Kilij

wall pronlions, whih v. s I'll i'l tli'-' re 'I, on
lioaid were liltein imn of the lar^e galley , anmiij
wliotii was the admiral hinlclf, and an officer of ilia
pidvil'i 11, li.xty fiil'Ms, ;,i.d til" relf x^IUy llavis— •
The I, {111, lliellvit uniovd lioui tlie w. il to the 1..II
full- 01 Dal, two miles lioin it: win e the ^iiiS
lidin the toilnfs lunk oMe j^^dley, ami bioke ilic

111,1111 yard of another. I lie 1 5ih, the balli i went

from tile M 1 11 into th'- half galley, ;iik1 I'tdered lliem
to put all ilie ihrillians in irons; and to tak" n white
I lil tri'iii anoilier ^'allev. In own hein^. ildlin-uilluJ
ivitli colours : and this lie did heraiif; he t .p< et d tliu
1' 'iiu:;iiele ll.it every li lur, (and did not lare llial
It (hmild he known wU>{ Ihp he w.is in). li.:in;;
alio d('Ubiliil of the ail'lh rv, he can id a great riiij;
ol cable'-, and other ludlo\» thiiii;5, to hi made at llnl
poap, fullicicnt to keip olf e iiinon-lh'it : lor he was
fearful and e.i .udly. — Ihc 17th, belli;; the eve of
Si. I.uke, the halli I caiilid the li..i.l ol one lHloii;;iM^
to tli'j Venetian ^.il|ey>, to be eui otf lor only fayin;!;,
" My l.oi'llliip (of Viiiiee) i- not d 'ad."— Tiitf
ixm\, th. b.dha ",a-.(' orders to ,'>et]u.uiit all ilie|;iin-
iiers tliat were on Ihori', .ili"Ut 400 in nuirher, ^lie-
e.iule every d..y one or other of llieir. w.is Ham) that
whoever hail Ikill emnnih lo (Irike down the jreat
llandar<l of the lortrefs, \\hich ilic.d in the midii of a
.;ieat touer, lliouKI, lulides being made liee, have
.1 very ample recoiiip. i:ce, whiih he ort'e.d the
r.itlier, lor that hi. llaiiilar.l ha.l b.-en given by a
lanj.ic to ihe t'orluiucle ; win reiipou 1 ne of tir 1 :iil
elinllian , havin^; at ih. I'aid ihot bioke the ll.iiiil.irl,
the Turks made great rij'. icings, .11: I puMifhed tlii;
news throughout thi" diet : the puniiev was rcwarlul
with a lilk velf. — 'I'lie ainllen, wliitli they h;iJ
plaiiled under the eallle, were ;ill in one liii ■, but in

J9J

li>i different places. In t'le firll was a C'u!\eriii of
iron, that carriid 150 |0.fiidei<, a pa.rr. o of 200
pound'-, at a fniall diitiiie.- was an iron p. li ' volant
of ibpouii.ls, which difcharjed carlridge iliot, in
another place, was a paf.ieio of jro pi.uiids, and a
culverin a 150 poundir. In tin. f cor.d port was
another palll- volant, to m.TKh Uv. lirl!, both belong-
ing to th-' lar!;e galleys. In ani'tlur place, w.as an
iron fiker of 12 pounds; a liltle c.inncn tf 16
pounds, a falcon of 6 poiiiiils, a nmrtar carr),!!;"; a
4C0 pounder. In aiintlier poll was a culverin if ico
pound ; infomuch, that they had ballered down one
tower. So that tliey could eailly mount the breach 10 .\ breach nuJ«
tight, becaufe the tower was nat very lilLrh, iiar the
folic iiiiitc du^. l!ut as faft as the lurks ritiiied it,
ihe belieged filled it up willi earth and nibbifli, a»
well as they could. 'I'liis fortrils has no li. nks j
and being built on a rock, they have made no cafe-
mates, only crcftingcmbrafurcs at ilie top, which were
all ruined and tak'.n, but herein tin ir lately lay, th.ic
fifteen or twenty of them fallied out, like fo many
furious hearts, and flew all they met with ; which
rtruck fuch a terror among the Turks, that they fl' d
in confufion, as foon as they faw them iH'ue I'orili. —
The 25th, the 'Curks caiifed a great number of cotton
facks, covered with fkins, and bound with ropes,
to be prepared; and in the night had them thrown into
the ditch ; fo that they reached as high as the wall.
Which being obfcrvrd by thofe within, cailv in the
morning, Ixiforc the Turks put thcmfelves in order
to make the attack, and mount the wall, three fcore
failors fallied out, whereof forty ruflied in among the
enemy, and fighting gallantly, while the other twenty The Tuiks re.
remained in the ditch ; each of whom had a little P"'"'''
leather b.ig full of powder, with a lighted match in
his hand, cut the bales, and putting In a handfull

• This was common in many other parts of Iniliai liut ilie . . „

culliiio hav ijrailually ilecrcaleii fince the Cliriftianii came among 11 of powder,'tlien fet fire to them '; fo that in afhort time
ilieai,——Tb« reader will fee inort ot iljii hereafter.

»fevcral of the facks were confumcd, and the burning
continuca

!,6

Tutkirti (hill

I' I) R I u (; L- i: s I. \ o \ A (; i. s.

r«;t».i.lrii
tilt Uiiljj.

com Jiu(J for twn i]ay<. Thulr who lUllicd out u|>(in
ihi' incmy, in.iintniiU'J tlic l'\g\\i ahovc thnc houis,
kil!j>,: i>;c<'l iirks an(U\uiiililili^a> lli.iii) iiiok, Willi

the lol, Ul "III] CWO lilt II.

riuii iirr 111 livi: I'lirtiiguvrv fuifl), on the a7lh,
wIiaIi louk .1 1 imLiIIi onr, .mil t.iniUil iikciiuis, 1>ui
(iiiiM mil i-iitcr tliv |i»il, Uijiili- Ihir' nt the C.in.i-
r.iii'' uIi'ivLriiciitiiiiii J, luiiiiii.iiiiliil tilt' liilc Ml it, lull
iiM'i-lIiut till.' \«iill. 'i Ik' ji^lli, the bulhii I'tiJiitil 40
htuK, liiltu with Turk', aiul .1 l>:wpa'ci> i>t ciiiiidii
in t.icli, iiiDiJii' to.ili.iiili ,1 lull, calllc nt lini wliuli
ii in till- |i»it liy thi. w lUr-liili', licliin.l the iitv, .mil
v.'.i. 1)111 U' Itnii.jillit.l by lilt I'liik.!)) .iiiilliiy. 'I'lurc
uiic nut .iliutc fiti.' Ill' lix mm in it, ulm, in ,1 b.iik,
ttc'iit duly III the t;H'.it callK', which in Id:, than u
r.iltiHi-ihot tlilUnt. At liKiii .n the hii.it* hi'';.in tDlit
roivv.irtl, thiifo within the hit l.iy dnwii, iii|iuAint
their belli). Kill hv '.he I uiku, v.\u> (i'iiiiiii> tu the
iil.iee, r.in ih'.'ir pruw» on tlie l.iiul, where iteiy thinj>
lay In ruiii» tu (he vtiy id^e m iht. w.iier, and le.iiuil
tm fhurc ) hut llitili.' wiihiii ntt tin in wilh tu, and the euniioii of the jsre.it eallle pl.iycd |i>
fiirioullv, th.it the eiienw iiuitKlv lied, and liiiie (it
tla buat^ wii\ liink. Many v\tre drouned .iml made
]iril'uiRrs by thtle in the ;'ie.it eilllf, wh.> eame mit in
ineiil' then bl^lt^ an.! kilkd tliein in the w atcr, ami
thul'c wlu> were l.iktn, the iir\t d.'y Wire h,int;cii rn
lheb.ittleinent> ut'ihee.illle. Tlic vvlmle camp piittin(;
theiiii' Kes in (u\!ei ul bailie, un the j^ih ailv mied
up tu the lurtiels, <<ii the lule towards the pmi, with
a '^re.it many lVa!in:;-!.iddei», inoldir to make a ^ene-
r.iTali'aiilt, and mi the fule tuwatds the lant!, muunttd
t'lichiaeh, (wliieh tin y euuld tlo .a pleahu'e, b.eaule
th^ pl.icc nai op..ii) where tla> lluuj Icr lliue Imurs ;
but when the hel'u^id law that the 'l'urk> had nut
courage to entti, tlit\ hapttl upun the beach, .iiid
jMHl'-il tlicni into ih;' Jittl., killing 400 that ilav. —
riie jilt, the .Muuiilh eapt.iin went with 11 :;allcys
Iti attack the little eallle, but w.m not able tu appro.uh
it iWr the ;:rtineiy uf the great uiie, which lunk the
MilUi.

N member the jJ, the rauj.k and janalVaries, with
all tl.e I'clt ut the I'lirk*, eame on board the galley-,
IcaMii^ behind thenitm I.111.I all the artillery, whitli
ihi'y i.aJ no: time 10 carry oil. This wa.soceaiiuned by
the news t'l.y reieiud, that the l'ortu;;ui le Heet was
•idvaiicinj; m 1 .i-derut battle. On llu 5th, :o Tail uf
pKi'LU'ii k lliij). appi'.vKtl in fij;ht, and tall andior Id
miles (liiiant Hum the I uikil!) tleet. I iuy continued
thub all iii;',ii', and in the morning only thrie iliips
w;ro It'll at a dilianrej a; vNhich time the 'I'lirks pi:t
otf lioiu land ) but at lun-rile thtic appcand many
ft-iiji', uiiieh fliut ort" a ,;;reat number ol' :'iins, al-
thi.u;;h m th.ii;' cctild bi dilci rned but the II. (h ul thi.-
pu'dderj win reiip'.iii the baflia ;;ave urilers lur latli
g.illey to lliotit otl'thicc ;;un«. Alter thi<, the tiuni-
pil^ btiiiii roimdeil, they lell to their oars and huilttJ
their fuiel'iils. Thi . wa* done at tOoVlock at ni^'ht,
and at li.u'r ihi v ilep:'rtt\l, ilvipin;; their courli.' louih
p..iitl. -Well, Willi iKit lutle wiiu'f, and at tlaybieak
r:in ;: m'le . ()ii ih ■ iy'.h they a.U. meed 20 mih> will i
1111! this day the I'liiillian; had their irons t.iken oil'.
The I Jlh, tl'.c wind biin;,' north, they entered the
ijiilpll cf (.)imi:/, and thin failed well fuiith-wefl,
lulv.meiii^ all thai d.iv and nii;!!!, but ;J0 miles. (Jii
tli; 2;th tin y eall anchor in li.x laihun water, at a
.il'urtu- ijwn e.illed Alir, a d. felt .nnd baircnpliee, where
Ik.Io:;.'. ^,^J^(, „|j.„ ^,,,j c.iule .ue fort.d to live 01. tilh. 'I'hcfc
men vvere4; I'otlii ;ii .r.', with their conful, who rc-
lldliii' heie, taiii.d un triide, and had always with
himlum.- mcrthaius belides tliofc which continually
arritcd, and exported fpicc and other things: but
their thief ti.ii!'.- wa-, in lioifcs, which lure are cxccl-
b.iiti oiu- b'Jn;4, vaKu'il at too ducats and more j
and in India will fell for io.:;o. Hut a> liiun as
the Vhij, of iliib country underftooil that Solyman
briHia was coinini; with liis fleet, he caufed the Por-
tn^U'.'fc to be fei/ed ill their houle, and made a prtfcnt
of them to the hiilii, who ordered tlicm all tube
chaijied. lleie ailo tli.-. fo'unJ a Him) h ii!':h had ftaid

^ec('c

Tilt

■■ !■'

bv the way, nut bcinj; nblv 10 procrtd for India, atiJ tif

.1 fui.Mcn, leittdall thebiltuil lor the uleut llic Ibet,
which leii.imcd luie ihrtcdayn. IJtcembrr the lull,
tlu Ibet departed, liuldin^ it» cuurit well luuth-Wtlti
.iiiil i.iiliii^; 41' milcii ciill, anchored near the cualt of
Ai.ibi.i, three h<mr» belorc dark, ul t place called
.Micaiya, and luuk in w.itcr. Jhc tccond, Ihcy ltd
.M.u.iiia, anil lulled uiU loulh-wtlt, jo milci in the
day, and ui) by iii|^ht i and un the yh, prucicdili){
lliil v/tll foulh-well, fixtv niilr«, at. nine o'clock ill
the 111, lit, caU .iiithur behind the tuuii ol .\dei>, „ ^

lelliii.; there till funi lie. Them .tdav Ihebalhabc- .\,;'."„'"
iiij; ,11 /kdenwilh hitwhide fleet, he lent in ilieinmn-
nig lui a leni^adci Turk, ( who was then a Chriiliaii,
and a man ol confideiahle aciuunl^ ami without l.iy-
ini' any thing, canted Ins head to Ik' cut oH'. 1 hr
italoii wa>, they all muimiireJ, and the baiha, featiny;
this rene^adi) would attiile him ul ni^Kelui tuw-
ardice, wasiefoKeil to be bcloiihaiiil with him : be-
c.iule he lurnieily was in the pay i/l the kinj; of ihii
place, and afteiward^ ii captain at I.)iii, tvheii the
kingul it itai llain bv the roiluguele. 'J'hcuiiluw
i|iaeii, licing piilli llid of urcat tualurc, anddeliiout
10 ritire tu Mcita, was |H.'rfiiadid by this nian n> [i,o
onboard a^allion, with whithlu trt.ichiioiilly f.iihd
to l'':;vpl, and llienee c.rrud the liealurc to Coii-
llantinoplc, and niadt a piefent ul it to the ^i.iml
li^iiior, who being informed by him, how mattera
palfed in Iiidi,i, maile hiin patron of u galley, anil
oidtrcd him to return thither with the fleet, 'whicli
lucctcdtd badly, and cod him his life. After this the
ballia, bring delituut lt> fecure Aden, cauled ICO
pieces of cannon great and fniall, to be landed out of
the fltx't ; among w liich there was two palle volants of
the great Vtneiiiii galleys of Alexandria. Me letc
there alloai|iiantity of powder and ball, with a fan-
jae, 5C0 Turks, and live foilU.

1 he Ii-alha now judgin,*; himfelf out of danger, on
the 14th (juitted the nalf-calley, and returned tu the
.Maon. 7 he 23d, they failed tiuin Aden with a good
wind, weft by fuuth, and between the evening aiul
moriiini, ran icc miles. 'I'he24th, at the 5th hour
of the day, the fleet entered the Kreights of the Red (:„,,, ih«
Sea, and all night lay at anchor. On the 2$th, nieit;liii.
three hums belorc day, they departed, failing
nurtb-weil, with a feaiily wind ) neverthelefs, they
ran ;o miles, and c.-.me to u eallle called Mocha.
TIk lame d.iy, there came an old 'J'urk, governor of
the eallle, tu wait on .Solyman, who received him
w ith great honour, and gave him a veft. The go-
vernor, ill return, continually fent the ba(ha refrclh-
ments Irum Ihurc ; and a few days afterwards brought
on hoard all his iahi«, which were very great, bcfides
man.' line llavis ol both lexes, tbiiikiiig every body
would follow him. As foon as the fleet arrived at
.Metca, the baiha ftnt an ambalTador to the city of
/iliit, three days journey within land, tu fumnion the
king luithwilh to the lia-lide, to pay ohedicnce to the
i-rand livnior. i he king made aniwer, that as tu
thetrihuic, he wniild rcuiily pay it, and would wil-
lingly aceijit of a Ihiiidaiil, it the baflia would fend
him one; but th:it he would not go to the liea-fidc,
and did tiut know him. 'I he baflia being enraged at
this aiilv.er, next tlay fent his kiahya with a banner,
accompanied by fume lluut janin'arics, who arriving
at Zibit, preiinti'd llir fame to the king. The king,
in return m.u.'e him a vcrv line prefeiit, among which
was a fcymctar, with li-\tral jewels, likewile a dag-
ger, and fume beautiful pearls, of fix carats each,
which made a il ring of inure than a foot in length, bc-
fidesa fine pcail of 18 carats : fur much oriental pearl
is taken on this part of the coaft af Arabia. He
likewifegaic to each of the Turks, two vcfls of cloth
and a little black Have. The kiahya made him many
complimcnis, and conjuicd him to comctlown to the
coart ; but tire king would by no means confent,
fcarin,'; he fhouhl be put to death. AVhtn the kiahya
faw that he could not prevail on him to go, he faid,
" If you will not go t.) the ballia, he will come tvj
you;" and fo took leave. The fleet Itaid here 21)
- days

T
11.

ans

•Jlic

t t) I UK K A S T I N U I t S.

«-iuMni|K !tc-
lurs )£ibit.

Tl.c king 1.C-

lRi.l..l.

dajm, fhe i^ of J;inu»ry ihry di|ii>u-vl (mm Mo-
rhit 41 liiii FJ'-. wnh 4 brilK g'lc, ainl UilcJ welt liy
iiiirih, nil lUHi , ihi-n tlio wiinl th.iii(|iiii», tlu-y (irii-
c*tiUi>l niir|li-wv It, li.i^iii(<ruii in .ill n:o iiiilf. I'hc
i4th Ihry aJ 1 .1 iKvii luirlf) ivil^- »ii'' tl11.11 I111.1II lail^i
lUiU u liirvMiiil, ^1 miles 111 1 ' J-' ■ »•»' l>y 'h'' ftlh
houi of ihc iii^hi 'all anchor at i(W 'Cjiul of C'h i-
iiiui.iii, ' J Miilci. fartlif;- ) he lylh tlv: b.Jh 1 Umiivl,
allJ ;;av. •> all lh« Jiilli((ifi«»» vi\\<> were «<illiii(',

liiH)(lili I. ,11 ""t any thiim Ui tUt j'lilK-jf (Uvu and
k'aiiiiM, Till- jid >•( Kciiruury thv wiilllt" biing
ralm, tln-y left Cliaiti.ir ■''. I'y liilpof ihiu luis ) itiiti
aluiiii li« <i\ luck came (u .1 |iI.u.:>im the ci id, (mIUiI
Cul.ii S.iiir. Ciiliit Siiif, ao niiK'« fioiii Cliamir.iM. The ^il, at
IKItii^t* liiii-rilt-, al'iiik,i)f tliolw in (uy of Ihu king ol /i-

liuiii /.iliit. 1,1,^ luvint' r«\.'ltrJ, witli 51 horfi, taniM to the
liiiha, will' rict'iM-il liim kiiullVi iiiid niaJc him |ii.
Irnrj. 'I'liU m.ui cni-4ni|Kil on tlu' iliorc willi lii'.
icnti. 111 ihi»coui\tiv, liuv all ni:r«e uli- ot horln
cloathol with .iniMiir, on account ui the Jart« and ar-
ro*», vvhiili »ic their princijial »e;ipoiii. On the
4tli the hilha I inded, ami caiilml Uimr piece i of ii^ht
cannon to be put on rarriace*, and hu nv.ii, (irovi-
lion<, and ainmunitioti, to be j^;ntii n rcjdy 111 older to
march to /.bit. On the itith ii. let out or horle-
back, thno hour* kforc day ; and o'l the roail met
another I ink witli 50 hi'ife, wh.> had alfo rebelled
agalnit thckin^; him the b.illia nt...le fice, .ind con-
tinued hi< journey. On the I'.ihlie u:riv.\I at /il'ii,
and ciicampini; withoiii the cue, l.-nt ii.r tli'l.'u!
thereof, who leein.; himlilt bitr..ved by iiiiiiy of lii>
uwnpropir, and ditirulHni; thcreli, eanie loith with
a cord about hia neck, n« the (ii ind .Si^^niot's Have,
and prefcntc"«l himlcif U-forc the balha ; who mure
diatefy rallied his head lobellrit.k oft'. Hi, people
feeing lhi>, fled to the mountain^, to the tiuniber ul
300 i and among the relt three of the principal men,
with nil their riches, which were very y.reat, not
knowing where to go. U;.'on this, the balha lent to
tril thoje who made their cl'ra|>e, tint (hey ougbt to
return and join hiin, promifinii thcin [;(iod pay, and
to enrol iheiu among his own tron|)s : ii reii|ioii thire
.. ^ . retrrneU 200 black Abyirinian«, who h.>d been I'oldiers

Mui^iill.""' '" «'"^ '''"B- J^'f^ *""= (kfprtatc fellows, who
did not value life, and ran alinolf as fwilt aka horfe.
They went quite naked, only wrnppin;; llieir pudenda
in a clout. For arms, tiinie carried clubs of th
cornel tice, headed with iron ; others pointed tlakei to
throw in the manner of daiis, and fomc a Ihuri fword,
a fpan Ihoricr than ihofe uled by the Chrillians : be
fides every one had at hi« girillc a da:;';cr, bent after
the Mntirifli faftiion. I'he bafha alkcd every one his
name, andcauled him to write it, and letdown more
pay than he had befoiv. Uc dilmilled them thus, one
by one, with orders to return next morning, but
without arms, giving them to u:ulerlUnd, that he in
tended to give them their pay, and admit them to kifs
bis hand, in which cafe they had no occafion tacarry
arms. Thefc men having; prcfented themfclve* at
the time appointed, were ordcied to lay down their
weapons, and gn where the hniha wat lilting near a
tent in the plain, with the Turks in a circle about
him, under arm< : but a: r3:>i> a> ihcy wcie all entered
within the ring, upon a fignal given, they were in

'I'licv lie (lain, one Inlfant cut in pieces. After this, the baflia fent
a fanJMC, with a ihoufand foldiers, in fecure Zibit.
Both the ciiv and country about it, arc very line,
abounding with running water and delightful gardcnr,
and many things bcfidvs, not to be found in any other
part of Arabia, efpecially -/.ibibs of Damal'cus wilji-
out a ftone, nml other excellent fruits;— —dales, and
Frcfh meat is plenty, and corn is not fearer. The
tJth of March, the kUhn rrturna! to the fca tide, and
ordered ammuailinn to be feiit to Zibit, leaviniralib
four foilh to goard the cnaft. The loth the balha
lauded, and ordered the Portu;t>'''.'fe, whn were 146
ia ail, reckujiiuii fome Indian c<M>vertK, to be takoa
• out of irons, and brought bound to the Ihovr, where be-
ing diltribuiud among the frtHips, thflr heads were bv
hJs command ftruck utf, and that uf thi chief flare((,
Vol.. I. N' 2b.

failed, and tilled with Draw I tft' ulli' r> il.t y Cut l)i« MU
nofri and lan, to he f- lit to the yrand lii'iiior I li« ^— .— '
I (ih ehf kialiya departtil, in CMin|iaiiy with aiiOlher
;;jll'y, to /Jdein, lluiu.' lo Mnv', .md lo on l(i-
w.ird» Conllaniinoph', iMih .111 avC'iin' o( lli« Mn'^f
lo India I carrying with hnn IhIiT) ih' piif-nt-,
ihe III uN, iinles, aiidcai>, tli.it then' m.ill.r n>'.'l
le. ihev had doiK' great liul*. Tin? l(/lli, ihey U.-
piited an huur bilore >lav will) ,t |>liaUiil wind, .ilii)
lailiiig aloiijit the C'lalt, at liiiilM, > inie to an anehuf
at /eraet, .i place fnhiei'l to Meii..'. in ei^hi l,.lliuiiis
waur, Hiid ;o inilis (loni Cor. Iliiher were hroiijjlit
:!ij llilie peiitins v\h.> He>l Ironi /ihit Will) llieir rieliL«.
The biilliai allied then he.iils to he cil' <>tf, jinl k'i/(d
the whole Irealuie, whn h hIKd llirre pan ul Wrille'-,
each of which was u load fir .inv one man. 'Il.e
17th Ihi) failed alon.; the co,ill Willi a plcafant pule,
w hich an hour liefore luii-rife, piuviiti; loiitrai v, tiiry
call anchor in a place called AJiuli, in ti:;Iil l.itlionn AJiw'!.
water, hanii(; ran JO niil'S. I lie jKth, two lio'iii*
hifore dav, I'ley Jipaiteil, eoallin", along the Ihuru
till noon, „nil then i.ill .1111 hoi ni l<'iir lalhoin«, atiMu- Mu^gro.
^oro, ng'iiilpoil, l.ltv nulls ilili.ini, white there 11
both water and \soiid. 1 tu i()ih, an hour befmeday,
thry (lep.iiird u itii I heir oars, and at lun-iile, the 'aiiiJ
changiiiL, ihry tailed aloii,; lliore jj nnhs, tua oliicc
called IJiilioiii, liihink to .Miei 1, ill liven tiihoni'< i)j,i^,,|i.
water. The /oih, being calm, ihev milled it till
noon, whin a p.ije fpriiiciiii; up, at Im -Ul Mi v lamo
to an aiiehiT in ten t. tliiins water, at a pKu. caii'd
"k'atiif, lKlon:>iiii{ in Atieca, 50 miles l.iither. 'Ihe
.".III they v.eiit on along thecoall. At noon tlieuind ^ *'•!■•
Ipran;; up, and at liin-tile, havin^ made OoiniU'^, they
anehored ,it C'hofiHlan, a ;ilacc dependant on Mecca,
III 40 filhoiii''. The 22il the l>,illi I unlered fix gal-
l.v» 1 1 go foremoll, on account of the land bank',
which ,irc lu thiik, tliit there is liaree any tailing in
the day-tiinr-. Thevcnmc to a llulf c.ilhd I'urach.
riic ijil they coalted it amon^ the Ihoals, through
which only a tingle giillev could pal's at a time, and
call anchor at a place called Salla, in lour l.ithuiii s.ilti.
water, hningraii 50 miles. Tli.' ;,tih, failiiuj; along
thecoall, at ni'on they anchored In 1 placr called Ari- Ai'.j.lan.
adaii, but th? port Ma/.ibniiti, a place inhabited by
|r.'.Mants, I'lihjecl to Mocha, in fix I'athoins water. 1 hir
ajth they failed along fbuic ) but at fun-rile, the wind
changing.', diove '.hem to fra till iiuon, and after.vard»
loward> land ; to that they call anchor betiiner, and
relied till the 27lh.

On the tirif of April llicy landcil at Jixldah,
and pitching their tcnis without the town, lUid thiie
four days) and the balha hin>felf rode towaids
Mecca on a pilgrimiigr, ouh lin;; the fleet to proceed
towards Suck. In coming into the port C'ontior
Abehcin, a galley lunk if, eiideavoiinng tu double
the point. Here a car|>cntrr called Mark, liel'inoinrr to
the Venetian galley, of Alexandria, (laid and tuineil
Mahometan. Thus they continued ranj-ing the coalt.
till t he ]9tb,whrn they ciinicclofv'inlhore, without nny
thing material happening -, for vhirh tealiin we t1ull
not trouble the render with the names of nil the plsres
they paU'ed by. We (hall only ohl'erve, that on llio
J4th they proceeded with a pretty favouralile wind ; a
half galiey b.-iving left behind an anchor and three
cables ; and one galley ran a-fliore, but was iiotlolh
On tlic iyih, failing weft north-well, at noon, they Im , j Ter.
were up with Tori and continuing their courle, two
bouri after night, tlic w ind turned againii thcni 1
therefore they lay by till day-break, when the IWoor-
ilh captain let fail again ; and the oiher galleys weigh-*
ing anchor, hinttcd tkeir forefulls ; alter running too
■aues, they came into Iboal water, wlicr.- they llaiA
five days in fix tiithonis.

The 3d of June the fltst left the b.mk, and holding
on their courfr, caft anchor fomctimes on the coaftof
Abyflinia, (or r.ither of Egypt) fomctimes on the
other fide, and the 15th tlicy arrived at Caroudcl. Corondd,
At this place tlic fleet took in water ; and here are
tilt baths of Moks, as they called them. . Here B«li'-ul MuIm
ttiey (Hid two 4ays. The 16th the fleet £ii)ed, and
4 H pur*

298

PORTUGUESE VOYAGES

1540 purfued Its COUrfe for two il;iys together J at the cm) of

*— — V ' which, they arrived at Suez, whence they iet out.

Anil cat Sue? *""' "" ''"^ '7'lii began to draw the barks on (horc. —
They began to haul their chief galley on laiwl the
fecond of July, next the balha's half galley ; and then
the reft were arranged and drawn on (hore, in the
order they arrived. The Chrillians were the porters,
and thole who worked the engines in unloading,
cleared i'.nd unrigged the veflcis: all the fatigue lay up-
on them till the ibchi when thelemin paid tlieinall otf'.
On the iiinctceiuh of Au!*uft, the lemrn, accom-
panied with feven bo;its, went to Tor to pay oif' the
galleys which Uaid behind ; he took with him the heft
and llrongell Chridians that were on the fpot, in or-
der to c.ury thofe gallevs to Suez, which were in
a maiinrr difirmed ; as well by rtnlon of the death ot
The msn pM "i^nv, as the flight of others. At Tor all were paid
ofl. off, and the ChrilHans dillributed among the galleys.

'I'he remainder of the flict arrived at Suez, the 20lh
of Odober, and were all drawn on fliore by the
hands of the Chtiftians ; who wrought hard, both
„, „ . . , day and nilht. — The 26th, an end was made of
ti' u.i til irc. hauling the galleys on land i and the cables, rigging,
tackle, irons, planks, fmall cannon, and other mate-
rials were carried into the calHe. — This is the amhorV
account of the vovage. — The fate of the txpediiiin
againllDiu,will hefeen at large in tlie following pages.
From the mouth of the Red-fca to ;>ue7., are i8co
miles ; the co:.ll running north weft all the way.
The breadth of this gulph is 200 miles, and in fonie
places more. It is full of banks, fhoals and ftielves
towards land, fo that there is no failing by ni::ht,
except in the middle. The pl.ice is fo inlr catcly
(iifpofed, that a pcr'bn cannot poflibly difcover the
proper clniin Is, othcrwife than by the eye, ordireA
the courfe to he taken, but hv Handing at the prow,
and crying ll.irhoard, Inrboard j and for this realbn
the rctiirti couKI not be dcfcribed fo well asthefetting
out. TlK-re are two forts of pilots for this fea ; the
Jirif, thofe acquainted with the middle of the gulph,
which is the courfe of navigation outward ; the other
fort arc for fliips returning from the ocean, and fail
within the rtioals : thefe are commonly called Rub.iti,
snd are excellent fAimniers, fo that in many places,
where they cannot caft anchor, by reafon of the bad
ground, they will fwim under water, and Tin galleys
withiM the Ihoals ; and often times ever falkn the
prows under water according to the nature of the
place.

On '''.c 28th of November, 1539, the Chriftiai.s
of the galleys of Alexandria, left Suez, and the tirlf
Vcncr'ap", re-of December, arriving at Cairo, were lodged in the
min to Cjirci. ^^^ hr.ufe wiiere they were at tirft. Each was al-
lowed half a maiden a day, which is equivalent to
two pence of Venice ; fo that they fuffered great
affliction and fatigue : for every time it happened that
the cifterns were to be cleaned, hills made plain,

f;ardens to be put in order, buildings raifcd, or the
ike, all the labour fell upon the Chriftians. The

25th of March, 1540, many of thofe Chriftians went
from Cairo with a guard of Turks, to a hill or mount

two miles from the Nile. *

VVc have already obferved that the author of this
voyage, was obliged to follow Solyman Bafha on his
expedition, which ended with thn fiege of I3iu j
before we proceed to a narration of that remarkable
event, we fliall fay a few words by way of digreflion,
of the occafion of it, and of the cluractcr and be-
haviour of Solyman, which may not be improper for
the information of the reader.

A prefcnt fcnt by Badur, Icing of Cambaya, to
Solyman the M.ignificent, Emperor of the Turks,
was delivered, together with the news of his death.
The great value of this prefcnt dcmonftrated to that
prince the vaft riches of India, and ftirrcd up in him
a delire of becoming matter of it. He thought it

" Here we ini^jlit enteruin ihe reailtr with an account of a
buryinj; place on this mount, two miles froiti ilie Nile, where,
cucc every yvar a number of people aircmUe to fee a partial

might be in his power to expel the Portuguele in the
ealt, and one of them, a renegado, then at Conftin-
tinople, pr;)motcd the dcfign, by reprcfenting 11 's ca(y
to be iX'Xuted. — The fultan ordered a fleet to be
fitted, and gave the command to the eunuch Solyman
Daflia, governor of Cairo J this Solyman was a Greek
janiflary, born in the Morea, his age eighty years,
of ftature fiiort, his face ugly, and his belly fo big, he
was more like a bcaft than .1 man, and cuuld not rife
up without the help of tour. His purle purchafed
this command ; oftcring the Turk to furnifh the
Ihipping at his o»u cxpence. The better to pcrforr.t
this, he put to death many rich men, in order to
feize their cftates ; aniong others, hi hanged prince
David, king of Upper Egypt, after taking from him
a great lum of money. The fleet was goi ready by
Ibrahim, a conliderable officer under hini, and ton-
fillcd of fcvcnty fail, molily large galLvs, well ftorcd
with cannon, ammunition, and pri'vifions. Iniheni
were embarked 7C00 land loldiers, Turks and Mama-
lues, bcl'iJes the teamen and flavcs ; manv of which
latter were taken out ot the Venetian galleys, then
uized at Alexandria, the peace made by IJajazet in
the year 1503 being newly broken, ."^olyman having
let out, he caufed 400 fuKliers to be put to tlu- oars,
and becaufc they complained, put to death 2Co. He T"^ '"-"''"'''*
thought to have taken the king of Jodda ; but he,'"-''
who well knew him, retired with the inhabitants.
At Zi')it, after rtctiving a rich prefent, he beheaded
the king Nocada Hamed, with a hatchet. At Aden
he pretended he had many fick men on board, and Solymar, Djfti
h.iving obtained houfes in the town from the king, to
li~'lge tliein in, conveyed (oldiers in beds, counter-
feiting ficknefs, on fliore. Thcfe at a lign given
from the fleet, fcized the city; and the king coming
on hoard the flcit, Solyman alked him how it came
10 pafs that he had negleded coming, (as it w as his
duty) for tlirce days. The king's anfwer having
perhaps hccn freer than hii cars were accuftoined to,
he caul'ed him to be hanged at the yard-arm of hit
ihip ; as iias been already related.

About the beginning of September, the bafha
arrived before Diu, having left fix fliips by the way.
He was, by inftruftions, to have vifitcd Goa firit ;
bur, on farther thoughts, had changed that dcfign.

When king Badur w.is killed upon the fea, with
fomc of his retinue, one Chojafi Z.;Har fw.im to Ciu jIi /-a.Ti.-
Ihore, and was well received by the Poriugucfc,
who put all others to the fnord. He upon fevral
occafions fliewed himfelf fo grateful, that Nuni o di
Cunna much favoured and recommendid him lar-
ncftly to Antonio de Silveyra. Atlaft, without any
provocation, he fled from Diu to Mohammed, the new
king of Cambaya, offering his fervice, and perfuad-
ing him to war upon the Portuguefe ; affirming it
would be eafy to drfvc them from that coaft, with the
affiftance of the Turkifti fleet, which he knew would
foon be there. The king with this cncouraaemcnt,
formed .1 body 5000 horfe, and ic,ooo foot at Cham-
panel, the place of his refidence. The firft who
appeared was Chojah Zaftar, with 3COO horfe, and
4000 foot, which he maintained at his own charge,
knowing it is liifpicious to advifc dangerous enter-
prizes, and not have part in them. Antonio de Sil-
veyra, having notice hereof, provided for a long and
dangerous fiege. Choiah Zaffar in.ide the fiifti-.r, „., n, .

1 1 . II- L r 1 T' 1 bClltecs UIJ.

biescli, (ailing upon the town ot the 1 urks n?ar
Diu, where he did much harm, I'raiicifco P;'checo
defended himlelf bravely in a bulwark, with fourteen
Portuguefe, till he was relieved by Antonio de Sil-
veyra, and Zaffar obliged to draw off, being wounded
in the ;.rin. At the lame time appeared Alu Chan,
the king of Cambaya's general, with alt the army;
who, inconiunition with Zaffar, fat down before the '■

paffes : which poll?, on their approach, Antonio de
Silveyra gave orders fliould be quitted by his officers.

Tho
fleet

rc(u:rct*ioti of dead bodies : hut M. Tlievcnut and other au-
tlioii, linving fulficicntly expoled the /alliiy ot the llury, we
fliall pall it by without farther aetice,

the

TO T II K EAST I N D I F. f;.

-, Di!K»

vib Zifi"*-

cficK" UlJ-

the better to maintain the city and fort. In the exe-
cution whcicct tli"v li'>ll f>Mne (h.ps anil gnus.

Ky realbn ot this lofs, and hccaufc the iv were many
private cni'iiik-., who only w.iitcd an opportunity ol
The city rjuit- Ihewing their ni.ilicc, Silveyra could n"t maintiin
Ud. tha city. Sonic he han;;cd, .iiul then reiircil to the

fort; alwMvs taJtin;; tlH' advice ot his captains. Aln
Clian and Chojali Zafi'ar prdcntly poUl-flLd themfelvcs
of the tiiy and illand, ab.iiuloncd by the PortiigU'-i ,
and began to play iliuir (hot vii^oroufly, Lnpc «lc
4Soii!a, who guaidc'd ihr wood .in. I water, vhcreot the
fort I'ood in need, had fcveral i encounter', and flew
many of ilie enemy, without lofing one man ; but
was himlcif much wounded. Antonio dc Silvcyra
hearing ol the approach of the Turkilh flv'it, imme-
diately lent advice tlnreof to Nunno di- Cutniaj the
ani'wer was the diliuioncc wherewith he prepared to
relieve him in pcrfon.

Michael Vaz, a refolute man, fcnt by Silveyra to
The Tuikiili reconnoitre, (aw the enemies licet, and the better to
flcti aj'jKjrs. view il, came up fo near, that their (hot icached his
veifel : ho.vever he got crt', and carried the news to
the -'.ivernor at Goa. Tlie fleet came to an anchor
in tl'.e harbour, and was now t'ormidablc not only to
thole few Portun;uefe, but even to the Moors who
had expedleil it. Next day Sulyman landed boo janif-
faries, well accoutred, and armed with bows and
mufqucts, to terrify tite biholders. 'I'h^ y entered
the city, and there aCted all the infolencis u'ed by
foldiers. Then driving n:ar the fort, they killed
fix Poiiuguefe, hut 300 of their mufqueteers advanc-
» iilj, killed fifty of thi-m, and loiccd the rcll to retire.

A florm obliged Solyman to remove to Madrefavat,
a fafe harbour, live leagues from Diu. There he
continued twenty days, in wliich time Silveyra im-
proved the toriiiications, planted his artillery, anel
afli!;ncd every tnan his |>oft. The fame w.as done by
the Turk-, aflilled bv Choj;:h Zartar. Some of their
cannon played upon a bulwark; to burn which, they
built a wrxiden caflle on a great bark, filled with
combiidiblc matter: but I'rancifco dc Gouvea, who
had the command by fea, went out by night, and with
great difftcuitv, got to, and burnt it. At this time
came Tome relief lent by Nunno dc Cunna : yet the
grcattft ceimlort they brought was the hopes of his
commg after in perfon.

Sol) man returned from Madrefavat, and fired his
cannon upon the bulwark where Dc Gouvea com-
mandeel j from whence, and from St. Thomas's
tower, he was fo well anfwered, that one of his
galleys funk with moft of the men. The grcatcft
harm the Portugucfe received was from their own can-
non, which burll, and flew fome : for the enemy
only killed two brothers, whofe mother (named Bar-
bara) took them in her arms, and carried off the
beadies without Ihedding a tear. Zaft'ar now furi-
oufly battered the bulwark commanded by Pacheco,
which he rendered not tenable, yco ianillarics allault-
cel it, and fet up their colours, but fome of the
fcatlercd Portuiruefe advancintr, fell on, diflodgcd
them, and kiUeel 150. The ciifputc laftcd all day,
and the enemy drew ott' with fliame ; for the weight
of this aftion lay upon two reiolute gentlemen. —
Next d.ay Pacheco in defpair, lurrendereil. I he ene-
my entered the bulwark, calf down the Chrillians
colours, and let up the Turkilh. Juan Perez, a
man in years, enraged hereat, threw down the
1 urkilh, and ai^ain reared the Chriflian enfigns. But
the enemy prellinj, he and five Portiicuefe more, who
joined him, were all killeel upon the fpot, and their
bodies call into the fea, which laid them ai the gate
of the fort, where they were honourably buried.
l'.icheco, anti ihofc with him, had articled for life and
liberty ; yet the latter was not performed at all by
Seilvnian, .'vid the firft but for a while. However he
•rave tlieni Turkilh veils ; and fcnt one of them to
iummon Silveyra to furrender, whomadeajclt of the
propol'al.

Enraged at this contempt, Solyman prepared to
batter the fort, and planted his artillery in fevcral
()

799
1540

places, under the direflion of ZafFar. Among the

cannon (about 130 ii\ all I'uarded by 2C00 Turks)

were nine pieces of enornic is li/.e, carrying a hall

eif above ninety poiinels weight ; befidcs feveial other

lizes. (Jn Mond.Ty the Ath of (iitober, the battery .,., „, , .

iK'g.nn, anel continued violently twenty days, doing (^.^^^j

i;reat harm to the lort ; Ireini whiiice little elamagc

could he deine J nor were the beliee'cd well able to

repair the moll dangerous breaches, notwithllaading

all art and diligence was cniploycel.

1 he lixth day alter they began to batter, the Turks
perceiving Gafpar de Soiil'a's bulwark much damaged,
thought to carry it ; but many of ihein were kilh el m
the aetempt. With the lolsof two PortiiL;ucfe. Every
day there was an aittion, CJonfalo Ealeam had his head
Ihot oft, Junn Eonfeca beinp; wounded in the right rortugueile
arm held his lance with tK ' ; , .is if he hael received »i->'''">>
no hurt; Juan de Gallcgo, a youth of nineteen, of
a little boely but great heart, purlutd a Mejor into
the fea, till lofing ground, he wis like to drown j
winch the Moor perceiving laid hotel on him 10 kill
him; but he recovering himfell, without lofing gun
or fword, flew hisadverfary, and came out all bloody;
walking leifurely towards the fort, while fhowers of
bullets flew about him. Many other fingtilar acts of
valour were performed at this lii-^e. — But by this time -^"'Ig'eateiir-
many brave gentlemen had been killeel in the fort ; '"''"
powder grew fheirt, the provilions ("career : the
relief of the viceroy Don Garcia de Noronna, novr
arrived in India, moved flow. 'The neighbouring
forts lent no aid ; and all began to be 'in ccnfufion ;
which was increali^d by a ficknefs (caul-d by thebnd
water) that hindered moll from fwallou iiig the little
provilion they hael, fwelling the gums, anel' le)e)fening
the teeth, lo that thiy fell out. — The Portuguese
tought and luftered, as if the greatell mileiy could not
overcome them.

'I ho valour of the Portugucfe women here, defcives Valoeir of ilie
notice. Donna Ilabel de Vego, a woman of gre.at wcmcn.
virtue, and fome beauty, was wife to Manuel ile
Vefcencelos ; who fearing the fort might be lofl, and,
(lie taken by the 'Turks, earnelHy intrcatcd her to go
to her father, Erancifco Serram, at Cioa ; but Ihc
begged not te) be parted from him; v\liich with much
regre.', at lall he confented to. 'This heroine con-
fidering there were many men employee! in the works
who might fight, and their places be fupplied by as
many women, alTembled all of that lex who were in
the tort; anel h.iving exhorted them to undertake that
labour, to the end ie) many men might be added to
the number of their defendants, thev all chearfully
complied, anel followed her as their leader witli Anne;
Ecrnanelez, to whom fhc had before communicated
her defign. This Anne was wife to a phyfician, and
fo courageous, that by night ftie viewed all the polls,
and a|)peared at allaults encouinging the Ibidiers ; her
Ion being killed in her fight, fhe drew him away, and
returned to her poll ; when the fervice was over, fhe
went to bury him.

Gafpar de Soufa perceiving the Turks undermined
his bulwark, fallied with feventy men to view their
work, which he did, and made great flaughter among
them. At his retreat, milhng two men, he turned
back upon the enemy, and fought bravely ; but beino-
I'urrounded, was hamllringed ; yet Hill he defended
himfelf upon his knees, till opprelled by the multituele.
'The mine was countermined ; but the continual la-
bour became infupportabic, and it was impoflible to
repair fo many ruins. ■

At this iunflurc arrived four vcflels, fent by the
viceroy, Don Garcia de Noronna, which brought
only twenty men. Solyman was concerned at this
fuccour, though finall, but much more that the fort
ftood fo many afl'aults : Chojah Zaffar having affirmed
he would carry it at two. At the beginning of the
fiege, there were no more than 600 men in the fort,
of whom many were killed, and Ibme cannon burft :
but the baiha little encouraged thereby, ftill looked
toward the fea, fearful of the Portugucfe fleet; which
he heard was coining upon him. iThis moved him

?•">

PORTUGbESE VOVAGE.S

15+0

onaudiiard.

topreft the ficgc with more vigour. The bulwark of
t'lc U'.t where Aiitniilodc Soula commandeJ, was fu-
riiuifly iittaclcoJ by 50 barks, two whereof were
luiik by tlie caiiiinn of the callb.-. 'rhcii they at-
tempted CO fcalc it, anil were npulfcd with prcat
flaiuhl'.T. The. ufl'aulc was npcattd, and (till the
ciiciny came of with lofs. Auiunalt the wuiindcd
nun, fenf to be ilrcllLd, Fciinn Hinteiido was oiun
who, while he waited his turn, hoard the noilc
of a firlll attack, and foriyttinu the dreffing;, ran
thithir, .ind received another wound ; the very fame
happened to hi.n tho third tim;, and then he was
ilreliVJ of all three : by ihij liino tbirc were left in the
fort but 250 of the Oco men lit 10 bear arms.—

Solyman, now in delpair, refolved to tnnke one
pulh tor all. Tiie better to faceted in hisdcfign, he
counterfeited raifiii; the iWase ; ar. J twelve galleys put
to fca, th.it .■^ilvevra mi^ilit be th*- eaficr furprifcd }
hilt th.it vigilant coinnMii.lei kept llill upon hU guard,
as much as ever. One rii^ht, fonie nolle being heard,
at the foot of the uail liy water, it was found that
the enemy were applvini; great numbers of fcaling
laddcis. I hey were oppok'd till morning appeared,
which ihewcd the place befet all round, and all'aulted
by I4,v\>0 men. Ihcv bc_!;in bv playing the can-
non, a>iil ihtii HMiinted «n all (ides, chiefly ne:<(t the
coninr.iiid.int's houf.', where it was weakcft, but he
ha.l poftedfuih nun there, as made a terrible ilaughtrr
ot them. 11 iviii|r failed in this place, they attempted
a bulwark, pi-iiiii ; in (Itowers of arrows and bulK'ts.
(ireat was tin- cnfiilinn and liavock cm both fides.
Ill the i:it>iim, came up i.y galleys, furioufly dif-
', hargiiii^ tlieir^iiat llmt, but did no execution. At
I. n^ith «■ r.inrifco Ciuuva niaile them draw oft", having;
hatiereil trtij of llu- vefii Is, and killed fonie men wicii
)ii< c.iiinoii. lU this tiiiK ^00 lurks had entered the
biilwark, atul planteil tlui: colours; fcarce 30 Portu-
^,utfe wtro tluiv ti)n|)|)..ir.- them j but they rulhin,; on
dclpeiattU, to rCjjain the work, none of their Ihot
wtre lolf, the enemv being very thick ; fo that having
liiftained yrcit damajre. Inch as were in this action
dii'W off. Htiwcvir, Irelh men fuccetd-.d, andfetup
(«ur ciilours. 'i'he Portiigueie, wounded and burnt,
r;in for cak J and dipped themfelves in jars of fait wa-
ter, where iLckini; retrelhnient, they perilhcd with
^reat tortuie. Antonio dc Silvcyra indefatigably re-
paired to every place, encouraging all. Here a fol-
dier wanting ball, pulled out one of his teeth to load
his inufi)uct. riic enemy li.ul much the better this
lecond allauU. wliicli a lew i^eiitlemcu perceiving,
furiiuily rufnid rupun them, amon^ whom Juan
Rodrigm.-', a manofj^rcat bodv, and as great courage,
ran with a barrel of powder, cryinj, " Clear the
way, for hire [ carry inv own and many a man's
death." He threw llie barrel among the eneiTiy, and
fuddeniy above ion men were carried into the air, torn
in pieces ; 20 lay burnt upon the ground, yet Ro-
drigues hiniklf cair.e ort' unhurt, and duini; other
coi.Hd.rable actions, dcfi.r<c,l fonie of the tirft re-
Utuls .uid hoiijurs, ^-nined the fi'Cc. Other firc-
uoi ks burnt the four enfipnr, wlio had fet up the co-
Uniii ; two ot' the cannon elenred the place of enc-
miiH j >i\\ two bitllcts thr -w down fv.o cnfigns, thit
liiccecdcd ihc (oriner. i'he enemy withdrew, and
frt(h fupplies came 1111 the third time, and placed their
col.iurs. riif roinm^ndiT of thcle, fon-in-law to
Cli'ii.ili Ziiffiir, Ik'I'.' killed, his men weredifmayed.
Siiid turned their h.n k?. Thrl'e r.ll'auUs lafted above
four hour': ; the f.i oe fmnll numl>cr of Pnrtuguclc
wiihftanding fl'll tixlli, ar.il numerous detachments,
while their women in the fort, and thofc of tlie enemy
<ui the tity Wiilh, were fpetitators of the whole ac-
tion. The Piirtugiiefe, all fineared with powder,
ap|>eared like Moots, and were known by their cloaths
qik! voice, not colour ; fo blark was their appearance
V i'n hie, bloiKl jnd Ivveat. At length the enemy re-
tireil, carrying ott" above icoo wouuded, tiwl leaving
more than 500 men killed : of the i'ortuguefe I4 were
, killed, and 700 lay ufulefs for want of blood, only
^40 remained able to bear armti and the weapons lay

broken to pieces on the ground, fome ferving fucU it

could not Iknnd on their legs, for crutches. No hope

wa» left, if the enemy renewed their attack ; the

walls v.ere all (battered, and the po\\der fpent j 110-

tliiii-; but horrtir appeared ; only the brave Silvcyra"s

countenance was what encouraeeti all men. Solyman c 1 i-.

/ iiLj-i"^- r .^. ni;l\ nun r.nlci

put an end to all thcle cal.imities j for not knowing ii^.i^^.c.

the condition the forlrefs.was in, and territied with ill
fucccl's, he railed the liege. Antonio dc Si I veyra fee-
ing them weigh anchor, and • hoift fail, thought it
was only another feint, and prepared -to refill ; as if
he could llitl refill an attack. He polled the 40 men,
and caull'd loine that were v.ounded to lean againll the
walls, to Ihew a nunilier. Thole who could not rife,
ordered thcmlelvcs to be carried in their beds, laying.
It was to die in an honourable place : fome of the wo>
men alio armed themlUves, and appeared upon the
works. The night was Ipent upon the watch, but
the morning was more comfortable to the afflicted i
for Solyman was witluirawn inerrnelt, without any
thought of returning. Though fear did much, yet a
device of Chojah Zaftar did more towards removing
the baOia. Zaft'ar was moved to it as well by 1 .e iii-
fupportablc pride of that I'urk, as an order he had
from his king, that in cafe, he found the bafha intended •
to kt ep that city and fort, ( as was feared ) he fliould ra- •

ther endctvour to leave it to the Portu^ucfe. To tA'cik
his purpofe, he framed a letter, intimatinj', that the
viceroy of India VNould be there the next day, with a
vail IKt J which falling into Solyman's hands, as
was deli j;iied, he thought fit not to delay his depar<
ture i but failed away on the 5th of November,
afrer two months liege, having loft 3000 men. —
The fame night Zaflar's men fired the city, and
marched oft'. I'his was the//// liege of Diu, which
waj aJmired throughout the world, and added new
lulire to the Pottugutfe glory : all due to the in-
vincible courige and vigilance of the licroic
Antonio dc Silveyra, and thofe valiant gentlemen
who were with him. Solyman touching at the ports
on the coafl of Arabia, and took loinc Portuguefe,
he found there. He gathered above 140, and cuttins
ol}° their hcids, then their ears and nofes, fultcd and
fent them to the Grand Turk, as we have feen.
Among thefe likewilewasFrancifcoPacheco, who had
not the cout age to die like a gentleman in his buU
walk. Solyman being arrived at Conftantinople, and
not agreeing with one who ufpired his poll, wai
reduced to kill himfblf. His death.

This famous fiegc was far advanced, when the
viceroy Don Garcia dc Noronna arrived in India, to
vvhuin Nunno de C'unna immediately rcfigned the zo-
vernmtnt. His arrival, (with fo confidcrable n relief
as he brought) might well Itavc bettered the aiFairs of
Uiu, yet, on the cxuUrary, it much endangered thein(
tor had he not come, De Cunna had relieved Diu,
with 80 fail that he had in readinefs for that purpofe,
and prevented fo many mifcrics, and the death of (b
many brave men. Still frcfh advice was brought of
the danger the bcfieged were ^n, and frill Don Gar-
cia waded the time in confidering the means to re-
lieve them, choofing rather to commit an error through
his own wilfiilnefi, (for he did not want for courage)
than a<Sl rightly by the advice of De Cunna. Thus
the fiege was r.iifed, before he pitched on the method
for relieving the place, and the expence of prepara-
tion thrown away. Antonio Sylva IVIenefes was thr
fecondli:nt with iuccours, being 20 fmall vclTels, and
came too late : yet hccontendtd with Silveyra for the
honour of that viflory. The viceroy \vas ftill at
Goa, though ready to lail with a fleet of 160 fail of
feveral forts, aad in them 5000 fighting men, and
1000 cannoa, when advice came, that the Turks had
railed the fi(;>e. On this news, he fet out with 90
fliips, but moved (lowly, at if Ik did not care to go
thither. Hearing at Dabui that Alu Chan and Cho-
jah Zati^ar ftill ranged jtbout with (ire and fjnord, he
fent againft (hem Martin AlphonfodcMelc, with his
galley, and the vclfels thnt went with Dc Sylva ; but
being hunt fet by the enemy, he w.i> larccd to take '

J (heltcr

SylM
chari

btin S
dc fJai
pcUitiu

TO THE EAST INDIES.

301

ifcl

{v:Uiciun.

Jeath.

flielter under the caftlc. The viceroy, at the f.imc
flow rate, failed to Bazaim, nothing moved with the
news he received from Diu. It wa?; whifpercd about
that he cither confulted his fafety nr private iiilercK.
Let what would be the caufc, his aiilinns juililied the
worft of ful'picions ; but when lead txptiitcd, he
ftcercd for Diu, on the firft of January, when a iiorm
rifing, which lafted eight days, his flt^t was difperdd
into fcvcral ports, and fevcral vcfllls, with two gal-
leys loft, (b that he entered but witli 50 fail. A
treaty of peace was prcfently let on foot, and con-
cluded little to the advantage of the Hortugucfe,

Sylveyra's which common fame attributed to covutoufnefs.

cliaiaiflcr. Antonio de Silveyra foon after returned to Portugal,
and had fcarce anchored at Lifbon, when the great
men of the court came to conduifl him to the king,
and princes, who with joy to fee and honour this
hero, whofe generofity did him as much honour as his
valour at the ficee of Diu. What a pity fo much
courage as the Portuguele difplaycd in the difcovery
and conqued of the Indies, had not been always fanc-
tificd by juftiec, and crowned by humanity !
bon Stcplano In the year 1 540, Don Stephano de (j.inia, fct out
jj^ 1^':""" "" from Goa, on an expedition, wherein he is faid to
have had two ends in view; the one of which was to
carry fuccour to the emperor of Abyllinia, and the
others to dcftroy the 'I'urkilh fleet, which he cxpcdted
to (ind at Sucr.

The account of this voy.igc is written by Don Juan
de Caftro, who was afterwards governor and viceroy
of India,* from whence we have derived our autho-
rities.

It was on the 3ill of December at fun-rife, that
they departeil from the bar of (joa, towards the
ftreights of Mecca, and difcovered the ifland of So-
cotra on the 13th of January following. 0( this
ifland we have already fpoken, but the defcription
given by our author is fo exact in many particulars,
that wefltall here tranfcribe it.

" Socotra (fays he) is twenty lea,;iirs in length,
and nine in breadth, and lies in 12 dcg. 40 niin. of
Ibuth latitude. The northern coal! runs eaft and
weft, fomewhat inclining to the north-weft and fouth-
caft. The fliore is quite clear from rocks and flioals,
and all impediments to failing. The ground in the
ro.id is generally fandy, but in fomc,places ftony, yet,
not fo as to cut the cables. But there is no other place
or harbour throu;;hout the ifland where fliips may
fafely anchor. The coaft is very high, and girt
with lofty craggy mountains. The tides there are con-
trary to thofe ot India 1 for when the moon appears
on the horizon, it is higli tide, which from that
time begins to ebb, and by the time flie comes to
the meridian of the ifland, it is low water ; then as
the moon declines from the meridian, it begins to
flow again in the (itine order, as it fees at Goa, and

being let, it is here full fea." The inhabitants of

Socotra arc Chriftians. They have churches through-
out the ifland, in which there is no or.'iclc but the
crofs ; fur which (ign thry have great devotion, it
being rare to find any peribn without one about his
neck i and they ufe the Chrillian names of John,
Peter, Andrew, &c. and the women generally that
of Mary.

Thefe people have no king, ruler, prelate, nor any
other perfon to whom they are fubjeift, but, though
Chriftians, live in a manner like wild beafts without
any order or government. In all the ifland there is
neither city nor town, but mott part of them live in
caves, and fome in little thatched cottages quite fe-
parate from one another. Their food is flefli and wild
dates. 1'hey drink milk, and feldom any water.
The people are of the beft difpofition. The women
Vol. I. N' 26.

' Don juan ilc Caflio w»s a roriugiuli: nol>leman, the fon of
Alvcro lie C.iHm. In liis vnutli lie luH fcrvcil at T-nngicr, ami
•fiurtvarilsiinilcr Cluilcs \ . (a^alnllTunii)ul wliom tieiefufcti
toacccpi his pan ot a prcltnt in moiicv. fasing, he leiveil the
ki:<g at l*orcu^al, and li'uui hint cxj^cvU-il liii ictvard. He af-

, MafTu^. defcri.

are fair, and the men go naked, except covering the 1541

piivate parts wilhafurt of clflli, the iiiaiuiftdlure of > ^

the illands. Ihe inhabitants arc not iitdullrious in
catching fifli, and have net the art ol ivigation.t
The fruit of the palm-tree is their chii^i lullenancr j
but the land yields all forts of eat;iblc .and medicinal
piniits, —

I'lie fleet came within fijjhtof Aden on the ayihof
January, when they perceived fonie land, which they
had fecii before, and taken for an ifland, to be the
mountain of Aden. Leaving Ailen, they proceidtJ
on their voyage ) and our author here takes oecafion
todefcribe the ftreights of Babelmandel, and the Ara-
bic gulph or Red ijea, of which we Ih.iU fay more
hereafter. We have already obfcrvcd that the defti-
nation of the fleet was towards [Hahcfli, Abefli, or]
Abyflinia, which they fuppofed to be the empire of
Praftcr, or Prclbyter John, a prejudice that for :i
long time was entertained among the European na-
tions. In their courfe they paflld by Shamoa, Dallaka,
and other places in the channel, and on the 12th ar-
rived at Mafl'ua, the fituationof which the author has
deferibcd in the following manner.

•' Maftua is an ifland not half a mile in length, and ,
in breath not a caliver fliot. It is very flat, and lies |^^Jj"'
in a great and crooked nook of the coalt, very near
the point of it. The current is very (inall, :md all the
winds cnme from the land. The depth of the water
is eight or nine fathoms, and the giound <i(i/.y. The
enteranee of this port is on the north-eaft fide, to-
wards the middle of the channel, in order to avoid
the flioal running from tlie point of the work. Near
this ifland lie two others. There is no Ipring in any
of them; but in Malfiia are many ciilerns of water,
and many (hoals lie fcattcred between them; but vcf-
fels are fafe in the mid-channel."

Mafl'ua W.1S fuhje<;i to the emperor of the Abyflini-
ans or Abaflins, till the king of Dallaka fcized it,
and fixed his relidence on account of the tr.ide carried
on for gold and ivory. The air is exceeding hot and
unhealthy in May or June, for want of wirul, fothat
both the king and inhabitants retire to Dallaka, dur-
ing thefe two months. The land, as f.ir as Archico,
where there are many wells, a league to the fouth of
Mafl'ua, is very high and full of mountains, between
which and the fea are fpacious fields and plains ; but
thence forward the coali is more clear. The country
abounils with elephants, tygers, wolves, wild bear?,
flags, elks, and other forts of hearts unknown to the
Portuguefe,

Nilus is ftill called Nil, by the Abyflinians, Egyp- it^jjmH
tiaiis, Arabs and Indians. Its fprings are in thecomfc of tho
fouthern borders, towards the country of the CatFrcs ; N'.lc
nor does the river hide itfelf any where under ground,
according to the author, but continually ftiewed itfelf
carrying a great breadth and depth. He likewife learn- Caiifc of its
ed, that the increafeand overflowing of the Nile was'""":-!'.
owing to the great and continual rains which fail in
June and July, in their country, which alfo was over-
flowed; and that in Auguft the rain ceafed, and the
water fell by degrees. As a confirmation of this, he
obferves that at Maflua in June, and part of July,
there fell great ftorms, rains, and thunder; and that
he could perceive within land continual tcnipefls, and
the flcy black and cloudy ; which yet the Ahvllinians
faid gave but a faint idea of what it really was. He
adds, that the fame months of June tnid Julv, arc the
winter at Cape Buena Efperanza, and along that coaftj
where the rains fall without intermi/Fion. Upon en-,, .
quiry he was farther acquainted that the river madc^j.'jjj^^j^
(evcral iflands ; and, among the reft, one very large,
with a great city on it, which he concludes muft be
the antient Meroc ) that it abound..d with certain
4 I dan-

Th»

terwariU commaDJcd a fleet upon the frail, ami w:ii fcnt wiili
another to the relief of Ceuta, wliirli joined that of Spain

t Thcfo people hare fincc lien con(|ueie<J t>y the Ara-
bians.

t !

^il

PORTUGUESE VOYAGES

15+1

Alnflhiia in-

v.i'Jm.

(Vnplc of

'Altyliini.i,

danc;eroiis animals, which he fiippofcs to be croco-
diles ) and that in a certain place which they named,
it fell tiom a Uiijc rock with great noifc j but not fo
as to niiikc people deaf.

Atine Tingil, (called afterwards David) rei,!!;ning
in 1530, bctanie fo cruel and tyrannical, that he
;;rcw hanfiil to the Abyfliniaiis. At this time Gradii-
niot, king cf Zeyla, encouraged by the dilalFectiun of
his liilijcct'^, or invited by fonie of the lords, invaded
his dominions, and toolc fome towns j by the plun-
der of which, he animated his troops, the chief
flren^th whereof confilKd of 300 Turks, armed with
har(|iiebiili'(.s. On the other hand he made all the
inhabitants free in the cities he pafl'ed through, and
cafcd them of taxes : by which means he I'aiiied not
only the people in general, but the nobles thcmfelvcs
over to his interilh

Th.' emperor font an army ngainfJ him, but on
the 'i'urks tiring their calivers, which killed fonic,
the folditrs wire lb terrilied, that they prcd-nlly fled.
'Ilic king of Zeyla, encouraged by this vidory, and
joined by imiltitudes of Abyflinians, ravaged the
country ; and marched towards that part ailjoining
Magailoxa and Melindn, in order to attack a moim-
lain, where th^" royal treafure was lodged. To pre-
vent this, Atine Tingil met him, with all the forces
he could niufler : but this army was very fo'>n put
to fllglu like the former, by means of tlic Turks.
Ihe emperor, after this defeat, directly retreating
to the mountains, died within a few days. The
king of Zeyla, after his viftory, continued hismarch
(o tiie mountain, by great journeys ; and arriving
tlicic, afl'aultid the paflis with fuch vigour, that al-
though the place feeined inacccfTiblr, yet, at length, he
took it, and therein the greateft treafure that e\cr was
known in the woiKI.

■|"hc loyal Abyflinians on the emperor's dcceafe,
clefled his eldcff Ion in Ills room; who being very

and the country inconfufion, a brother of his

T.cir I.»l;it
ar.d liict.

t ini|iirtd with foine great men (or they prunijited him
to obtain the kingdom, which proved the utter ruin
cf the Abvllinian'. While the unfortunate youth was
thus eiijviged in a civil uar : the king of Ziyla came
upon him ; and he bein'^ unable to refill, fled to a
mountain very high and great, and of dillieult afcent,
having but one way up to the top, which is a large
plain, abounding with fprings, fruit-trees, cattle, and
cultivated lands. 'I'hc inhabitants here, weie faid
to cblcrve the law of Mofes ; but how they came here,
(t!,ere being no Jews any where clle in the land) or
why ihev never cainc down and converl<;d with the
Abyiriniii-.s, Don John owned he could never difcovcr.
However thefe pco|)le defended the king againlf the
Moors, and king of Zeyla, who entering the moun-
tains, were obliged to retire.

About this time the Portuguefe arrived at Maffiia,
which di'inavtd the Moors, and encouraged the king
10 quit the mountain, and advance with his people
to certain hills ne:ir the coall about Mafl'ua, from
whence he fent moil dutiful letters to the Portuguefe
governor, who returned ani'wcrs with hopes of
luccours ; and after his return from Suez, 5C0 men
were f^nt under a conuiiaiidcr, to his afliftance.

" The AbvlTinians arc deicribcd as ceremonious and
full of punctilios of honojr. They u(c no weapons
but darf^, marKed wirh a lance and crofs, only a few
wear half fwor.is. They are very active on horfe-
back. They ere generally addicted to lying and
rapine. They do not reckon thofe rich who poflfefs
money, but only f.ich as have abundance of cattle
and camels; notwithlfanding which, they prize
gold very much. At home they arc weak and cow-
ardly ; but in other countries, Itrong and valiant; Co
that it is become a proverb through India, " 'F'hat the
good foldier muft be an Abydinian ;" and they arc Co
hr;hly elKemcd in hallegat, Cambaya, Bengal,
aiul other places, that they are always the principal
(jerlons in the army. Their habit is very mean, con-
iitlirgof a linen fhirt ; only fome great jwrfons wear
u bedon : the common people go naked. They cat

their vitSuals cither quite raw, or with mod of the
blood in it, only juU (hewing it to the file. In the
land there is no cities nor towns, but they live in the
fields, under tents, like the Arabs.

It is a thing much talked of among the AbyfTinans,
that a Ailtan of Babylon having made war againll
the emperor, the latter gathered a great multitude
of people, with an intent to turn the river Nile by
another channel, into the lea ; which when the I'ul-
tan heard of, he was amazed ; and being fcnfiblc,
that if the work was executed, it Would ruin Egypt,
he fent amball'adors, with great gifts, to obtain peace
and friendfliip with the emperor, and gave the Abyf-
linians a privilege to pal's through his country, without
paying tribute ; and at this day they pay none, when
they go to vifit Jerufalem and Mount Sinai. This
paniige was confirmed in every circumftance, by fome
learned grave Moors, of whom the emperor made
enquiry in the Arabic Gulph.— The 19th, at fun
rifing, they left the nook half a league beyond Mafl'ua,
and let fail, keeping about half a league from land.
This day the weather was very clofe, and it rained.
'Phc fleet confilted of fixty-four rowing veficls, viz.
three galliots, eight fmall galleys, and thirty-five
foifts. At night the wind being N. W. it calmed,
and blewa little at W. In the fecond watch it began
to rain, fome time after they weighed anchor, and
rowed along the ihore till morning, it raining (fill

very hard. The 20th, in the evening, they

were as far as the point of the range of iflan^s on the
north-fidc, about fourteen leagues from Mafl'ua, and
four from the cor.'t : which in that didance, lies
N. N. \V. In [lerate, Dohul, and Damanil, Ibmc
of the outermoll iflands, they found cattle and water,
with a few poor dwillioL's, the land of them is low,
and they are Cuirounded « ith ihoals and flats. All the
firft watch of the night, they lailcil N. N. W. with
a fair wind at E. y\t the beginning of the fecoad,
they fell on a fiiJdeii among certain white fpots., wi,i.j r,at>
which call fl:]mes lilcc lightnings; wondering at this imlit Itj.
ftrangc appearance, they took in tlieir fails, believing
they were upon fome (hoals or banks ; but on found-
ing, found twenty-fix fathoms water. Therefore,
perceiving the pilots of the country not furprilcd at
it, they continued their courfe.—— The 21ft, when
it was day, they faw ofi-' at fea a low ifland, whereof
the Moorilh pilots were afraid. — The 22d, at day
break, they let lail, and arriving by noon at a very
long point of land, which comes from ftiorc, the
emperor's pilot obferved the latitude to be 1 8 degrees
30 minutes. After doubling this point, they found
the fea very open, and failed N. W, by VV, An
hour after they came to an harbour called Maratc,
The coafl this day ftretchcd N, N. W. and is all
low land ; but farther inwards, the mountains fccm
to reach the clouds. — Marate is a very low defert M.,ritc ilc-
ifland, of a roundifl) fhape, about three leagues from (cnlicJ.
land, fixty-fix beyond Mafl'ua, and in compaf«, a
league and a half. On the fouth-weft fide facing
the coaft, thers is a very good haven, fecurc from all
winds, el'pecially the eaftern, made by two long
points, which extend north by well, and foiith by
ealf, enclofing a fpacious harbour, narrow at the
mouth; where there lies a long very flat ifland,
with fome (and banks and flioals, lb that no lea can
get in. This port has two entries, both very near
the points. The channel, on the call fide, lus north
by well. The depth is three fathoms in the fliallowcll:
place, and increal'es advancing in the port, where,
near the fliorc, there arc four or five fathoms: the
bottom is muddy. They rode here all night. — On
•the 23d, departing at fun rife, they found I'even
fathoms, and fandy ground. At eleven, they came
in fight of two little iflands, far ofl^at fea ; one called ,1.^^,^ jfljinj,.
Daiatata, the other Dolcofallar, from which to
Swakcn, is a day's fail ; from noon they failed N. VV.
by W. till evening, when they entered the channel
of Swakcn, Ifeerinj N, W. for the ipacc of a
league; — then meeting with fhoals, they, to avoid
them, failed W. by N. and fomctimcs W, They

held

Port Shi

Shoalte
ken.

The char

■Tlie fe« of 1
rious coloui

CityofSwake

TO THE EAST INDIES.

3"3

Port Shibac.

ShoaliOf Swa
ken.

liite fpots
ilii; Ic4.

.irate Je*
LitJ.

rwoiilinils.

held this courfe ahout three leagues, and then fccin?;
a giL.it ili.ind a-lit-'ad of them, tarkcd towards land j
and, bcture I'un-fet came to an anchor amoni; rocky
flioals, in a {;cod harbour called Shabac. 'I'hisday
the (jilot found the latitude, by the meridian altitude,
to be fcarccly 19 degrees. — The ftioals of Swaki n arc
fo many, and lb intermixed with illands, banks,
rocks, and channels, that there is no defcribin'r
tlitm i at the entrance among them to the right, tlieie
is a (hoal under water, on which the lea breakelh
much : and to the left, a little ifland that ftretclicth
with the Ihoals, N. E. by E. and S. W. by S.
The dirtancc is about three quarters of a league. —
The channel. B>-in3 entered, the channel appeared very fpacious;
and, tlic farther they advanced, the more numerous
tlic llUnds appeared to the right, orfea-i\ard. They
arc very low, and with the flats and banks of fand or
rocks, are without i\umlicr : but thole towards land
are not fo many J though in cdnijiarifon ot any other
fca, it is the foulcll and moll unnavigalile. The rule
for failing through thcle flioals, is to keep as near
tliofe to the right as niav be. The bre.idth of tlie
channel, in fonie places is about half a league i in
others, a quarter; and in others, lefs tli.m a calivcr
fh)t. From the entrance to the port of Shabac,
which is about five le.ii;'jcs, they never found Icfs
than fix fathoms water, or more than twelve. The
extent of thele (h.)als may be eight >.r nine leagues,
and then you pals into anotlui channel, furer for
fllips and great velVels. ^)i you may leave all ihcfe
fiioals to the righi, failing clofe to tlie Ihore ; and
this is by much the bcrt, and moft plcafant way.

On the 24th, at fun-rife, they left Shabac, and
rowed along fo narrow a channel, that two could
not go a-brea(t ; the wideft part being not above
a ciofs-bow fhot over. They never went nearer the
land than the fame di (lance, nor a cannon fhot from
it, all the flioals, rocks, and banks, which fur-
rounded thcni, were under water, yet eafily difco-
vered by the colour of the fea, which over them ap-
peared either very red or very green j but dark or
blackifli, where the channel was deep and open.
At half an hour paft eleven, they call anchor to lee-
ward of a little low, round illand, four leagues from
Shabac, in nineteen decrees. In this latitude Pto-
lemy places the Mountain of Satyrs, which the pilots
of the country knew nothing of. But the emperor
walking about two miles from the coaft, found vari-
ous kinds of beafts, and vafl flocks of piancts, whofe
footfteps covered all the plain to the fea-fide. From
Shabac hither, the depth is never Icfs than two fathoms
and a half, or more than eleven. The tide here rifes
not above half a yard j and it begins to flow as foon
*s the fun afcends the horizon, after t!ie manner of

the tide of Socotora. .The 28th, at day break,

they hoilled fail, and at nine o'clock came to an
anchor about two leagues from the land, in twenty-
thrio fathom water, on a folt fand, like ooze. In
the way, the/ perceiving foine fhoals out at fea, by
the water's appearing tilhei very <;reen or red. I'wo
hours after noon, they let fail again, and at night
call anchor in thirty-U-vcn f.i'Junis water, the bottom
fand, ne.ir by an illand, a Ic.^ ;ue and a half fhort of
Swaken. 'Ihc coaft bears N^ N. W. and S. S. E.
along it runs a ftioal that eiuereth into tliJ fea, half
a league. Tlie land upon ihj fea-fide is like the

former. 'I'he fiift of March, fctting forward,

they doubled a point made by the flioals : and entci ing
by the channel inward, came to anchor in the port
of Swaken.

Swaken was one of the richeft cities in the
call, ll.-mding on the coaft of the Abyflinians. It
equalled, if not exceeded, the moft eminent places in
poodncfs and fecurityof the port; facility in lading
and unlading (hips, traffic with remote countries ;
ftrcngth and advantageous fituation of the town. —
The harbour is flieltcrcd by nature from all winds,
and the water is fmooth and ftill, that the tides are
fcarce perceptible. It is able to contain 200 ftiips,
and galleys without number. The road has in all

The fea of va-
rious colours.

CityofSwaken ^

•5+'

plnccs five or fix fathoms water, find in fome feven.
I he bottom is mud, aiio may be lecn, except where ^^^-y^
it is ten or twelve fathoms deep. The fliips come
u|)clofe to the ihore, quue round the city, and may
be laden by laying a jilank from them to the mer-
chants warehoufcs, to ihe 'o.irs of which the galleys
arc faft.ned, with their beaks llretching over tiiP
llrcets, which ferve as bruljes. As for commerce,
the auJior liys he knew no cifv that could compare
with it bill LiPo n, for it tr.T J to both Peninlulas
of the Indies, pj'-ticiilarly Cani'iaya, Tinnlarin,
Peju, and ,\Iai-cca ; \-i h 11 the Arabic C)n',h, to
JoJd.ih, Curo, .'tvl .'Mexa:'!u 1; Lofides uii.it it:
carried on with Kuiinnia, ar.'. :he land of t!io Abyf-
linians, from whi»nc; it nad va(t quintiti'sof gold
and ivory. — For theUrengtl'. ilrj ..lly leemcdn.'.turully
well feeurcd, by .le many (lioaK, ifluiids, roclis,
and-baiiks, and intricate rhanncls, that lay for fix-
tccn leagues about it; which in.ule the approach by
fea very dangerous and terrible to navigators ; yet
the inhabitants have not taken the id's care to defend
t by art. The fituation of tliis city is in :, is manner;
in th- midlt of a circular nook l! anus a fiat idand,
almoPt perfi.dly round, and level with the water,
about a mile in compafs. In this (pace, there is not
a foot of ground thiitisnat taken up with houfes ;
fo that all t:ic ifland is a city, and all the city an
ifland. On the caft-fouth-call, and fouth-wcft, its
(lance from the land is not a bow-(liot. The road The road for
.■s round about the city, to the dillance of a great 1iU">
crofs-bow-fhot J having every where fix or feven
fatlioms water i fi) that tlic (hips may caft anchor at
pleafurc, in a mud bottom. This road is incom-
pa(rcd with a great fiioal, and that by others, which
render it almoll inaccefllble by lea, — In the nook on
the north-well fide, lie three other iflands : two of
them which (land fartheft in, are but fmall ; but the
third next the channel, is about as large as the city.
Bet.yccn this ifland and the coall, on the north fide of
the nook, runs a great and long channel : where a Channel an<1
numerous fleet may ride in feven fathom water, out uda.
of all danger of being hurt or even feen from the cit)-,
except their malls. At fun-rife it is full fea, and
gradually ebbs, till he comes to the meridian,
when it is dead low water; after that the tide begins
to rife, and at fun-fet is full in. At this time the
water does not rife in the city, above one quarter of
a yard ; and along the coaft the moft that it rifcs is a
yard and a half, and, in fome high pla' es, lefs than
three quarters. — Before fun-fet, on the ijtli oi March,
hey left Swaken, and anchored at the mr ath of the
channel. The loth, they dcparttd ; they lay all
night at anchor, when a vaft quantity of dew
fell. The nth, they hai. a ftorni from the north,
which carried up the fsnd of the (hcie to a great
height, and then fcatterii.g it through the air, made
it api)ear like a great mift or fnioak.

On the 1 2th, they parted out of the channel two
leagues beyond Swaken, being about a Icajiiie and :i
half from the coail ; hut met with fo many rocks,
fhoals and flats, whereon the fea broke violently,
that they were forced to take in their fails, and row
for three hours, t'U they got clear of them. In the
evening they came to an anchor within the banks,
entering a very narrow channel, one league beyond
the former, and three from Svsakcn. It is great and
fpacious within, the ground very clean, nor can the
fca enter and do any damage.

The 13th, an hour before day, they pafled out of
the channel, and faw to the right, about a cannon-
fliot diftant, a very long range of (hoals, which feemed
to bear the fame courfe with the coaft. At eleven,
the wind lefiined ; then blowing from the north north-
weft, they could not make any way, and were forced
to faftcn their vcfiels to the rocks. But about two
in the afternoon, the wind fpringing brifkcr at N. N.
E. they bore N. W. and coming up with the bank
of the land, took in their fails, and rowed into a
very narrow and winding channel, harbouring within
the bank. It is about fcvcn leagues beyond Swaken,

from

li;

:. I'

364

portugu'ese voyages.

IS4I

Oorooliiv,

from wlicncc the coaft bears north and foiith, and

/; north by welt, and fouth by call. The i6ih Dun

Juan went on fhorc, and oblrrvcd that when the fun

was two hours above the horizcn, it xvfls full fca,

and at two in tlic aftcrftoon, low water. The

height to which the tide rofe \t.is twenty-two cu-
bits.

On the i6th they left thcchannct, the wind at north,
and half a Ic.tgue beyond, cait anchor. 'I'hc ryth
they put into a very guod harbour ; called Tracfate,
ten leagues from Swakcn ; the coaft between lyiny;
north by weft, and fouth by caft i the land near the
[hore is all very low ; but three leagues within, there
are very great and high nioontains.

Tradatc juftly mciits to be ranked amongfl the moft
eminent ports : it lies in the altitude of lo Jog. 50
min. 1 he entry has >t\ l,road[li about a litiall fal-
con (hot, but within runs gradu,illy narrowing,
yet the depth of water all the way is twenty fathoms j
the ground ouzy. About a quarter of a league in-
wards, there aie liiveral wells, atfording the bell and
grcatift quantity of water known in all thefe coafls.

The iqth, they failed about three leagues ar.d a
half in light of many ftioals : the coal? ilrciched
north and fouth. The jotli, at fun-rifing, the fca
being rutllcd with a north wijid, they were forced to
li'ek a harbour within the flioal, entering by a very
narrow and troublefome channel : after they had ealt
anchor, the wind came rjOrth north-eal}. The 21ft,
they departed with a fair well r.orth-weft wind, and
failed north, within half a league of tlie fliore. An
hour after fun-rifiiig they c;ime up with a very long
and fair 'point, behind which, is the bay of Do-
too.

Doroo, is a very fine and greai bay, fifteen leagues
and a h.ilf beyond Swaken. On the fouth fi<}e it
thruftcth a very large and bare point into the lea, where
there is built a great and round tower, rtlembling a
pill.ir. The bay is full of idands, creeks and nooks,
where many vellels may take (heltef unperctieed : the
mouth is clofed up all round, with a dryflioal, lying
about a mile otf at fea ; only oppofite to the cape, it
Itaves a narrow entry, in which is found fix fathoms
water; and .advancing gradually, the depth diminiflies
till you come into three fathoms, which is the (hal-
lowert. The ground is a very hard clay, and the
courfe into it eall by north : about a cannon (hot from
this port is a well, with plenty of water, but very
bracki(h.
P f_ - At day-break on the 22J, they departed with their

wyot tulliaa. ^.^^^^ ^^^j ^^^^^^^ ^-^f^,^^ through the rocks, with which

the fea was full, towards ten o'clock made thc'r (hips
faft to fome of them ; and about e«ening, doubling a
low point of land, came into a very fpacious bay,
called Kufhaa, three leagues and u half beyond Doroo.
The coaft between lies north and ibuth, inclining a
little to the uellandeaft.

FuQiaa Bay is remarkable for a high and (harp peak,
the latitude is 20 dcg. i 5 min. the mouth is made by
two very low points, lyintj north by eaft, and fouth
by well, a Ita^^ue ."nd a half a'.under. As no great
fea enter's, there is a good harbouf, with an oozy bot-
tom. At the mouth there are ten or twelve fathoms
water; the depth inward diminifhing till it comes to
five fathoms. There is no water here, and the land is
very dry and barren. Along the fouthcrn coa(tof the
biy there li: nine little iflands in a row, and others
fcattcred elfewhere, all fmall, low, and Currounded
with fltoals.

On the 25th, coading the land in fight of many rocks
on the right, at ten o'clock they entered a very capa-
cious harbour, called Arkea, four leagues from
f'lilhaa. This is the ftrongcft and moft defenfible
haven that our author had feen, 22 leagues beyond
Swakcn. In the midft of the entry lies an ifland,
about a crofs-bow (hot in length, and near the fame
in breadth. On the fouth fide tli.re runs out a (hoal
and bank from the land, which hinders a palfage that
way. The channel on the north fide is a crols-bow
(buto^cr, and 1 5 fathoms deep, running north-weft,

and foiith-caft, the length of a calivcr (liot. It miift
be failed in the middle, tor the fides are ihiillow, and
full of rocks. Having paflcd through this channci,
the coaft winds on both fides, and widens, forming a
large and fafe port, one li-agtic in lcni;th, and a half
in breadth. 'Tis deep in the middte, but near the
land is full of (hoals. There is no water iit this place.
When the peak bears weft fouth-weft, you are then
up with the port, l-'rom hence Gama fcnt all the
fleet b.Tck to MalTua, except 15 fmall galleys, with
which hccoirtinucd his voyage. From hence the coalt
begins fo wind very much, and foHi league beyond
Ras al Dnaer, runs very low to the north north-caft,
and at length makes a point of land, where there are
13 little heaps or elevations of ftonc, which the Moor-
iln pilots laid were graves. And from this point of
the Calmes, about two leagues, the coaft runs
north north-weft, and thence as far as the (hualj where
they anchored, l' is the moft noted point through all
this coaft, becaufeall that fail from Mafl'ua, Swatcen,
and other places, to Joddah, al CofTir, and 'lor,
muft of ncceflity make it. The fea, (or thefe feven-
teen leagues, is fo full of rocks and (hoab, that it
feemcd fitter far wading through, than palling even in
boats J infomuch, that no directions can be given for
failing hereabouts ; but all muft be left intirely to
the care of a (kilful pilot.

Between Salaca and R.is .al Dw.Ter, there are three
illands, forming a triangle ; nearer the latter place of
the two. The biggeft of them, named Magary.awn,
is alxjut two leagues in length : it is very high landj
and without water, lying three leagues to the fouth
of Ras al Dw.ier. The fecond iHand, called Al-
mante, which lies much out at fea, is likewife high,
and without water i but the third is very low, and all
of fand, four lea<;ues from Salaca. On the 2d of
April, an hour before day, they loofed from the (hoal<,
and having rowed along the coaft four leagues, came
to Karate, a very large and fine river. On each fide
of the channel, which runs from weft to eaft, in 21 ' •
deg. 40 min. north lat. is a low point of limd, dilVant
from each other a calivcr (hot j and from each point
runs a (hoal, and between the two is thecntrancc if>to
the river. The water there has thirty fathoms depth,
and thence dimini(hes ro eighteen. The land on each
fide is very low, and without lither bulh.or tree to be
feen. Sailing a league farther, they came to Kilfit. — khih
Kilfit is a (uie harbour, fccure from all winds, with Ihiui.
12 fathoms water. Everywhere there are at the en-
try two very low points, bearing north-weft by north,
and is ah ut diftant near a mile. The circumferemc
of the whole port may be three leagues. Along the
(hore the coaft is rocky. Between this port and the
river Karate, there crofTes a range of mountains one-
higher than the reft.

Thct!iird of April they departed one hour before
day, rowing along the coaft; and, having adv.uiced
nine leagues an hour before fun-fet,came to anchor in
Port Ras al Jidid, that is in Arabic, the New Head.
In the w.".y they fnw fome (lioals to the right, but not l^'"'
fo many as they ufcd to do.

Two Icaj^ues fro.n Hilfit there is r. very good har-
bour, called Moamaa. And prcfently from this
j)oiiit of the ft'.rubs, to another very long point of
land, about two leagues before (or on this (idc ot) the
port of Ras al Jidid, the coaft lies nort' bv weft, and
fouth by eaft j the diftance is abou* iu.j digues and
a half. — Ras al Jidid is a fmall, butv^iy pleafant har-
bour, about two miles in compafs, fifty-feven leagues
beyond Swaken. It is (hnped like a g-eat cauldron,
a.d round as the arch of a circle. The entry is
formed by two points, which lies north and fouth of
each other, and has 18 fathoms water; wirhin there
are thirteen. The ground is very clean, and the port
fubjefl to be ruflled by no wind but the eaft. Half a
league within land there is a well of very brackilh wa-
ter.

On the 4th, from fun-rifing till eleven o'clock, they
had a ftorm at north-weft, and then it bcuan to thun-
der very hard-, and hailed with the biggeft dreps
7 the

Vjiiji

Colli to C
mul.

Comol

l>or

Utr->

Ji.:ii.

Shaah al Va
dayan.

R»s«lNaflic

Z,' i,oi\-te
ilU.iil.

to THE EAST INDIES.

f'^i

CoifltoCo-
mul.

iHiur.

Ratal JUj}<

Vai'uilon. the author ever faw : during tliffc ihunders, the wimi
ran through all tlic points oT tht; comi>afs, and at l.ilJ
lettled north, 'litis day Uoii Juan touiid the varia-
tion one degree and aqii.irter to the north-ealt, and the
port 22 drg. of norih lat. hymany ohi'crvatious. But
he takes notice, that iiotwithllandiiig thel'c opera-
tions were pel tormni on (hore, and Co };rtat care was
taken to fix the inltninuMr, that it wa^ never (lirrcd
after it was once placcil, till ilic whole wa") over; yet
that they n\ii(t needs have erred (imiew hat, bec.iule the
intcnlc heat of the fun had cracked the ivory plate in
the middle, and made a (lit wide enough to thriiH in a
piece of Portiiguefe i;old. Thj 6th, an hour before
day, they left the port of Jidid j and proceeded all
thi>i day but about three U.v^ues and a half. The 7th,
in the morning, havin;; a brill; win I, at north-well,
lliey rowed alon;; the (hote about tliiee leagues, and at
tight o'clock fal(\ned thcinfelvts toa rocky ihoal, that
lies before a long point of land : about noon they
fet fail, but in great apprchenlion, by realon of
the furprifing number of flioals that appeared on both
ftdcsof the (horc, fo that they were forced to take in
their fails, and make ufe of the oars again. Atfun-
fet they came to an anclinr in a good haven, called
Comol, II leagues from Kas al Jidid.

Two leagues beyond Ras al Jidid is a point of land,
from which, to the long flat point abnvenientioned,
arc about four leagues north-welt. Between th»fe
two points, there is a great and famous hay, in which,
towards the north-well point, is a very deep and
clofe harbour, fecure againlt all wind-:. This point is
an ifland i and from hence, to another great point,
at Comol is about five leagues, noith well by will,
making another great bay hetAcen them : at this
point, which is low and flat, the great mountains
running along this coall end.

Comol [lort. Comol is 68 leagues beyond Swaken, in jg dcg.
30 min. north lat. This port Hands in the end of
this fecond bay, very near the face of the north-well
point J though final!, it is very fccurc, for the entrance
is guarded with a dry (hoal before ir, that kivps out the
fea, Theland furroundingit is flat and pleafant, in-
habited by Badwins, or Br.donins, like (wild Arabs.)
About three hours after midnight, leaving the
port of Comol, they rowed along the coaft a little
while, and then hoilleil fail, hut an hour before
day-light fome foills llri!:ing upon rocks and flioals,
they lowered their iHils, and fell to their oars again
till morning. The Kth, at day-break, they came into
a great and fine bay, to which, towards the north and
north-well fide, they faw no end, or any point to
bound it. And although they failed in open lea, the
fhoals on every fide were fo numerous, that with taek-
iiig and wandering to find the wae, they could make
but little advantage of a brillv gales. About fiin-lt-t
they fallcned themfelves to the rocks of a great llicif,
antl there harboured. The 9th, being clear, tliev fet
fail, and took harbour witliin another gie.it dry Ihelf,
extending north call by eall, called in Arabic, Shaab

8ha.1l) j1 Yi- al Yadayn, which lignifii«. The fhelf of the Hands,

dayaii. bccaufe it is fliaped like two arms, wide open with

their hanils. It lie.-, at the end of a great bay, lar out
to fea. The port is on the fide towards land, four

RasalNalhcf. leagues dillant from Ras al Kaflicf, eaft fouth-eatt ;
ana by the niiieh winding of the Ihclf is (hut up, ami
fccured againft all winds. From the point of the
cape of the mount, to another point beyond it, where
there are great furze bufhes, the coaft runs north-
weft by north, the dillanec about three and a half,
or four leagues, from this lail point. The coafts of
the great bay wind and turn vciv much : and taking a
large fwccp from another uuat cipe, called Ras al

Z.M.or\-ic Naflicf, or the Dry Capo. I'he Ifland of Zcmorjcte,

idaml. (which ih. v law fiom the flioal ott' to fea) is diftant

liom this point about eight leagues, towards the c.ift,
and .ircording to the Moorilh pilots, is the firft place
fioni whence both coafts may be I'een, but that of
Arabia is much the farther off. This ifland it very
high and b.iiien, with another very final I one dole
tc it.
Vol, I. K- .'-.

i!v.

ip, ihrv ft fill, north 15 ji

/!\i

'.:.f.

,,I :-,.«,

(">n the lotli, the fim -.1. -..s ujj
iiorih eall, the wind bh-\/ f.i Ih, and ihr (Va ap(x.U' d
1 pell and navigable, about h;df a league Inini ;li-
point, they thou;;ht lliiv f.iw a ll.ip under I.hI, i ;it
111 .1 king tow aiil> it, foiiiul it «a^ a while ro. k, by > h-i h
they were intornicd all lIl:lrincr^ areikeeived. 11- iiee
filling ninth by c.ilt, al ni:ie oMork, thev cpiiit up
wiihan ifland called Cuiii.iea, and palli-d betwiin ir
and the land, w liieh i .ibout a U umic and a h.'if dif-
tant. This ifland is linall and b.irn n ; it !■■ ihuiit
halt a le.igue ill ooinpaf-, and in lh;ipe rifiiiiid's a
great li-/.ard, u ith its h-i's l|ir:iwl.ii|;oiit, u lu'iue it is
noted by na\ ig.ifirs : it is dill.iM fio:r. / miori fr,
ab.-ut fix leagues noitli-will by will, ll.ilf p If tin
o'clock they wire up wi'ha wiy lonr, point ot lam!,
called Ras ill Anf, that i>> ili Cape ol the Noli-, h r.
hath no high land about it, but a vail plain, wiiliont
tree or herb. In the viry front of the point Hood a
great temple, without any other builjing near it. On
every fide of it is a very ele.'.r fandv c.-all, in manner
of a bay. Ras al Ant, is very f.imous aniona. luivi-
gators, for being once pall it, thiy nekon all lluir
trouble and danger over.

I'roceeding along the coaft, with a fnutli-caft wlin',
at noon, being about thrre liagiKs bevond tin' cap,,
Don Ju.in's pilot found the lat. 7, . deg. 10 niiii.
whence Ras al Anf, mull lie in 24 mij;. 11. ut iiii
hour before liin-lit, lliev p.ilR-il by Shevar.t, an iil..iid sluatii Sni
two miles from (lioii.-. It is acalivLi lliot in lengtli,
and in the middle iippfartil a lari^e j;reeii bidh ; on tiie
eall fide there is a Ljreat rock, like a little ifland, and
about a mile tarlher, thev came to an ;!iiclior among
certain flielves, fome of land, others rockf, in an har-
bour called in Arabic, .Si.d, one hundred and three c,;
leagues beyond Swaken. On tlule' thelves, tlii-y
law a greater number of fowls than thev h.id
met with any where before in this fea. From lial'.il
Nafpaf, till fo far as the ifland Shcvaiit, is :ilout
lO or 17 leagues. The coall at firit winds viiy
much iir.vards, and there ihriills o-.itllie very long
point of land, called Ras al ;\nf, which pmnt bears

north call and by north of the othir. About fix

leagues diftant from Ras al Anf, the coaft 1 uns din-dtly

north-weft, as far as Shevarit, the dillance ten or

It leagues. I'he country from Swaken to Ras al

Anf, is inhabited by the B.idwins b.forementioned ; fo P.^pk ui the

is the country from thi nee to Sue/, (whieh bilongs '"•"'•

toKgypt.) Between the coaft and Nile, Don Juan

oblirves, that I'omponius Mala, and tie red ol the

ancient geographers, call the former Ethiopians, and

the latter, .'\rabs -, except I'tolomy, who gives ihini

the nanieof Kgvptian Arabs.

On the nth, leaving Sial, they rowid about four
leagues north-well by north, and at nine o'elv-ek en-
teral a great bav, which is called CSadenauhi : the ''■"'"■"''■'"'
land over tiie li-a leaving the fhape it had, of a will or P "'
trench, becomes very mount.iinous, Ibniiinga double
ridge of hills, furprifingly clofe. 'I'he piMt ol G.i-
denauhi, is bevoi.d Swal;i.n, 170 leiigue.', and iii
lat. 24 deg. 4-3 min. Hire, at om- o'clock in the .if-
teriioon, it was lowwali-r; and full ita an hiurr.fltr
the n,i-o;i appeared alune the hori/.on ; thence it
ebbed till an hour after Ihe had pall'.d the niisridian,
and then began to flow again, till an hour .Titer the
planet was let, which made full fea. The wind
blowing from north-weft, two or three hours after.
midnight, they departed ; and in pafling between the
flioal, at the north-weft point of the bay, and the
ifland of Bahuto, they ftruck upon the ihoal, but "^ '''"'" '"""'•
got clear without damage, and hit upon the channel j
rowing along the fltore, againll the wind, till day ;
and on the 12th, an hour after fun- rife, anchored in
afmall but very fafe port, called in .\rabic, Sharm al simnn al Chi-
Chiman, that is a Clift", or Opining of the Moun- m,in
tain J it is a league and a half beyond GadenautI, and
180 from Swaken, much like the haibour of Ras
al Jidid. ^

From Gadenauti, to .i port that is called Shac.ira,
(incompall'ed with a very red hill) the toatl runs
north-weft by nwih, about 10 league -j and from this
4 K

!ii

red

3o6

PORIUGUESE VOYAGES

1541.

red hill, to a paint almoft a league KyoiiJ (}iinlibo,
^ ■ » '> there arc about llx leagues, north north-welt. In
iheldlxteen leagues thecoalt is very free iVom Ihoals,
(exeepting one, a league beyond the red hill, and hall
a league Ironi Ihorc) and is full of many good
poits; among them is Shawna, abuvcmentioiieil,
a \ery cap.icious and noted harbour, where, accord-
injr to liic report of the Muora and inhabitants,
there flood formerly a famous city of the Uentilcs.
Along the conlf run an infinite number of huge
ni(niiitain$, tlofe together, and double like the
foiiner : .inJ beyond them, far within land, other
lolty hills rear their heads. Among ihefe which
ran^e the coall, are two more remarkable than
any to be met with, here or clfewhere. One of
tliem is very black, and looks as if it was finged ;
the other yellow i and between them arc certain
heaps of find. Ueyond the black mountain, in
a large plain, there ate many very great and liigh
trees, with fprcading tops. 'Ihey were the firit
wliich feemed the native ones and proper to the
land : for thole before mentioned, a little beyond
Mall'ua, arc the kind that grow in inarlhes, and
by the fea and rivers. In like manner, the trees
at ports Sharm al Cihiman, and Al Jidid, are
wild, without either boughs or fruit ; and the leaves
fcLined naked and dry. Thefe two mountains
iKind about two leagues b-ifore the port of Sharm
al Cihiman.
Gu«libo ru't. The port of Gtialibo, which is 122 leagues beyond
Swakcn, rcfembles mncli, both as to (hape and en-
tmnce that of Sharm al Ciman ; only, whereas the
l.itid about this latter, is mountainous, ilie country

round Gualibo, is a vaft plain. Tho entry ol this

port is between certain rocks or fhoal<, whereon the
fea breakcih exceedingly, but the channel is deep and
large. 'J"hc 13th of April, after fun-rife, they rowed
out of the port of Gualibo. The wind blew very
(Irong at i-.orth-wctt, and made the lea fwell much.
At tei 111 the morning, they entered a port called
Tunna, a Icag nd a half beyond the other.

'I'unna is a ii II and foul harbour, in 25 degrees
•50 minutes latitude, one hundred and thirty-two and
;. half I'.auues bcjond Swakcn, the entrance is between
certain rocks, and within, the grcateft p;irt of it is
occupied with a flioal, and rocks, to which is owing
the I'm^illnefs of the port. On the north fide, there is
a point of land, which by its turning, makes a good
harbour and road, againft the north-well wind.
The country about it is a very barren fand. On the
north-well iide, towards the land, there are three
pi-akeil inmints of flone, made in Don Juan's opinion,

to Ihew that there is an haven here. An hour

before I'un-fet, they failcncd thcmfelvcs to a fhoal a
l!.i"Ut beyond 'I'unna, from a point almoft one
league beyond Ciualibo, a league and a half
beyond this fhoal, the coaft bears iiorth-north-weft,

lludillance four leagues. On the 14th, after they

hul rowed .ibout five leagues beyond the fhore, againft
bath wind and fea, which fwclled much ; at noon
thev entered a very good bay, and caft anchor at the
f.irther end, where it makes a good port, about
120 leagues beyond Swakcn. 1 .ic coall in thefe
11 \ leagues, bears north- weft, and the land over it,

is partly plain, and partly mountainous. The

1 5th, having proceeded about feven leagues north
north-weft, an ht'iir and a half after fun-rife, they
came to anchor in the port of Al Coflir.

Al Coflir from S waken 136 leagues, and in the
laiituJe of twenty-fix degrees, fifteen minutes, as
Don Juan found by ohfervation. It was ftalcd for-
merly two leagues higher on the coaft : but for want
of a port capable of the great refort of fliipping,
it WIS removed higher. There are ftill fomc remains
tif the anticnt town, which is called Old Al Coffir.
The now town is very fmall. The houfes look like
the varth cattle are kept in, although there is no
kind'of cattle in the plice. They are built of ftone
and clav, or fometimes only fods, covered at the top
with mats, or the like; more, as thev laid, to keep
6

Ton

To«« fi .\
Coliir.

M.;-.;

oft° the fun than the rain, which llluoin falls. The
port is the wuill on all the coall, and the only phuo
that wanted lilh, which every where <ll'c abounds.
It is very large, and exciediiig lubjecl to ealterly
winds. I'hc lliips anchor between the land and
fonie fmall ftioiils, whereon the feabre.iks. Near ilia
town aie three wells of water, of which the people
drink, thou^;h Iciicely to be dillinguKhid iV'iin lea-
watei. 'Ihe pljce is quite enconipallLd with barren
peaked mountains, fcorched quite black with the
fun J which, toi;filn r with the barrcnntls of the foil,
makes a moll uiKomlortable profpeit ; fur there grows
no manner ot herb, grafs, bulh, or tree, in cither
the coall, the plains, or mountains j and whatever
ground may lie between the hills and the town, is x
barren land, intermixed with gravel. — The extra-
ordinary barreniiefs of the place, made Don Juan
curious to emiuirc of th.- nioie underit.iniing Mi or<,
how they came to pitch on fuch a niil'eiable lituut;on
to inhabit. The lealon, they l.iid, was bicaufc it
happened to be the nearell port to tli>.- rivtr Nilt,
fifteen or fixteen days journey diltanr, and thiTcioienn !t
convenient for lodging the previlions with which .ill
the towns are furnillud bv their rtfn.iitive (hip;.
I\c;ypt they dcfcribid asa;il:i;ii, the moll fniitfuiin
the world, in cattle and all prcr. ilions ; md olilervi.l
that thefe lalt weic convened up the Nil- to a p!.ici;
neaiell Al Coflir, and liom thence c.iriied by lar.J
to this port ; but they cblirved Ih it tlic caravam
were often att.ick;d bv the liL-douins, who fometimes
.ifl'.uilted Al Colfir iil.-ir, which circumllanec occj-
fioncd the inhabitants, for their fecurity, to csn-
flruct their houfes of ilone and earth. It feeimd lu.t
the name of Kgypt was unknown to them ; but iW
the country from Al Coliir to Alexandii.i, was termed
Al Rif, or Rifa.

Having 111 uck on a (hoal on tha iSth, getting clear ^
of it on the igth, they put into an illand called bafanj- {
" Ualiar, ^ which Itands thirteen leagues beyond Al
Coflir in latitude twenty feven drgiecf. It is
about two leagues in length, and in breadth not x
quarter of a le.igue. The foil which is fandy, pro-
duces neither trees nor water. On the north Iide ot
the illand is one harbeur, and another on the fuuth
fide; the former of which is teckoned fecure agaliill
all weathers.. The deepell part of the channel is
towards land. There arc Ionic ftioals above waf.r
ill the mouth of the great port, which are not d:iii-
geroiis in the day time, and there is a rock in the
opening of the fmaller. Thereareanumber of creeks,
port«, and harbours along the coaft.

On the 21ft of this month, they came up with^jjj^,^j,jj_
an ilie called Shcduam. This illand is high and
craggy, confiftiiig of a hard rock. Its length is thicu
leagues, and its breadth is about two ; and is eipially
diftant from the coafts of Arabia and hgypt. 1 here
is no water, nor are there any trees to be found in
this. Three fmaller low illands, with ftioals between
them, were difcovcred to the ne'ith-well.

From hence the fleet failed along the land of Arabia
Petrica, and came to Tor, at the dillance of twelve
leagues, wliich lies in latituele 2S djgree?, 10 iiiinut ■^,
on a plain long ftrand. At the dift.incc oi a ciniion-
fhot from hence, they faw twi he palin-tnts dole bv
the fliore, and from thence difcovereel a plai.i e.vtrnd-
ing to the foot of fome mountains, which beginning
at the gulph of Ormuz, ran along the coaft Ikirtiiig
the fea to this place, and then turned oli' to the north-
eaft, dividing Arabia Pctra^a, from Arabia Fc'ix.
Several Chrillians led a devout life on the tops of
thefe hill?. A mountain appe.ircd gr.idually rifing
a little beyond the town, pniciling a point into the
fea, and appearing at firft fight like three f. parare
mountains.

As to the town, it was fmall but pleaf.int, and
inhabited hv Chrilliaiis, who fpoke the Arabic
language, having a monaftcry of Greek I'riars,
where there was kept an image of St. Cath.iriiie of

I'fia.

S.gi.ifying a fcafpungc.

Mount

TO T II r: EAST INDIE S.

3^7

inj-tl

IS..

^Iollnt Sliial. A l(»n; rocky point ran paullt-l to tin;
(Iiorc of the town, lurmiii^ a l.it'c li.irbuiir bctwicii u
anJ the land. TIk- liriaillli ot' i>e lea at Tor, IJ'^ii
Juan ciiiii|)uteil li lit alimit I'lrce lc;ai;ucs. It i^
worth oblcrvinp, that tlimi-li i' n Juan ficms to
havc'btrii very Ituilious Incxaniliiiiui, fituatluiis. In- ap-
pears tu liavc m.nkaii en r in iifruiiiinu htii', that tln>
place mulf be tlic.iritiuu t-laiiatit-, aiul mliliiig, thai
theie i. no luili g"l|'li on tiic toait ot Arabia ; not-
withll.indiiig much plinfiblc rcafonint; on the matter,
noti'rily the A^ab^, but the more modern voy.i|i,cr'>
have eorihrnicd wliat he calls a millakc. His wrinv;
k!ea oi this iireuiullancc probably arole Croni liis
rot having lufHcaiitly examined the coaft on the fide
cf Arabia"— AcLouiuig lo the account of the hiars
abovc-nientionid, Mou;;t Sinai was but thirteen hnall
«l;iys journevi dillaiu, inaking cightisn leagues within
land. Tlu'y wir.- tiie jki foils who inloiined liinj that
many hemiils mliabiud the boundary nuniiuains,
ami alio tii.it tin re weie (rveral Chriftian ti'A^is mi
the plains. It Iilch. thele good fathers bein;; Karlul
oi loliii., the body of Sit. Catharine, fei;',ned a Uoiy
that It was removed from them, kll ihr Portuguele
fliould take it away by force. At lliis plate they
were alfo acquainted that none wcic fuileted to enter
Suez, cxcipc tiiole appointed by the governor of
Cairo. — — .

'I'hc fl' el d',p:irtLcl iVom Tor on the morning of the
2zd of .\;)'.l, and on the 24th, were in the latitaJe
of twciuy-iuii'- dcgncs and leventcen minutes. On
the zOthi'at elucn o'clock, they were clofe in with
thcland. Then rowing a little along the fliore, they
caft anchor! but two hours before fun-fet, they
weighed again, and Hill rowed along the coall.
Having proceeded little more than four miles bclor ■
the fun had ftt, they put in behind a point of Arabia,
( A here there was gocj ihelter) Ihort of Suez about
three leaguts, and about half a Itaguc within land,
found what Mas called the Fouiuain of Mofes, the
water of which, wasver. agreeable. When they had
cM anchor, they w lit on ihore, and faw the end ol
the Red-lea, and the iiialls of th- Turkilh Ihips ; and
the wind blowing hard at north, they lay at anchor
till it was d.iy.

'I"he wind blowing hard at north-weft, on the 27th,
they departed at ten o'clock lioin the point, rowing
iilong the coaft at the diitance of about a league from
buc/,. Don Juan went before to view the fituation
of the town, and the intended place of landing.
'J'hey arrived at three in the afternoon, and faw many
troops of horfe in the field, and two large bodies of
fuldiers in the town, who {hot at them levcral times
from a block-liouli;. After this they palW on to the
bay on the weft fide of the town, and came to an
anchor near the Ihore, in five fathoms water, v.'here
there was a very good harbour. Bcfidcs the little
caftic, there were two high and antient towers, fup-
pofed to be the relii|ucs of the City of Heroes, which
formerly Hood here, and which Strabo fays, was by
fomc called Aifinoe. But on the point of land where
iij creek Hood, thoy faw a great tortification of more
inoderii date, whicli def'iided the mouth of the river,
mid commanded the coaft by the ftcrn of the galleys.
To prevent any attempt to land in that place, there
was likewilc a tivnch, with a ditch between the gal-
leys and the ftraiid, fo that the place fecmed to be
cquallv ftiongby nature and by art, and Don Juan
could obferv-.- no place which was not fufficiently fe-
cured by t!.e enemy, except behind a hill on the vvclt
fide, wiiere there might be a chance of gaining the
town, by means of the eminence, without being ex-
poltd to the fire of their.artillery i but the coaft alone
was there fo full of flioaU-, and the bottom in general

*' Ft appears liowcvcr, tti.it they made an attempt, but the
iMcmics (hot jMuircil thick friim the town, Booo Tiiikifli horl'c
liroke out from an aiiihufli, and thnii^U the Clinllianv killed
many with tiieir cannon, the enrerprife was (kkaied.

i- This i:. laid take tlie place whillier Clcupaira caiifvd lliips

coiilifted of a li'tt cl ly and Hi, ky fin>', cirriimrtanccs 1541
very iinlavoui.'ldc to the h.r.d.n.! ol the tioop\. • ■■ ' »— ^

All thefc things bein.; coiihdired, nothing v\an

lie to anfwer the purpoi.. nf the voy.igc, and the
I'unuvjucfc returned tlil.ippoiiited. *

Sir.-/,, tthiihas we havj jull obfervrd, is fiippofcdsujjdjf^,;!,,,!
lo ociupy the fame fpot, oiiee famous for the City of
H:ro.v, lies ill hitiiude 2gdei;rees 45 minutes north,
being the ncarcft port to Cairo in this lea. |

Srfollris kir.g of l^cypt, and Darius king of Perfil,
undertook to open a tnnidi or i.inal Ironi heiire to tho
Nile, for the purpole of joinini; the Ai: bic liiilph to
the Meditcrr.iiican fe.i; but buili left the woik unti-
nilhcd, as fume rcpiitt, bceaule ihcy looked upon this
latlir to be liii;iii.r, in which cale, it was I'loiight
inundations would enfue. I'tolcmy took up the id a,
and abfolutily cut a lluice of an hundred leet in
biiadth, and thirty in depth ; but defifted for a limilar
tealon.

When the flret appeared before Suez, they found
tiic place hue fmall, and they obfervtd thaiitviwed
its chief conli<iuence to the Turkilh army's lying
there. The city ftands on a long and narrow point
of land, the lea tcrmin.tting in two b.iys divided
by it.

The expedition having come to nothinr. the For- r.itM:>uefe
tuguefe Heel, lefi Sue/, on the mornini; of the ?8th of dtctc^epitn.
April, 111 order to return towards .VlalTua, anil, having
run .ibout twenty leagues, v.iie abi ut a leaj^iie fhorc
( f a ftiarp and red peak, which runs over tlic Ua,
i^t lun-lct. They coafted along Arabia at night,
under their foiefail.-, the wind blmviiu!; hard at north-
wlII, and at length came to an anchor near the
fhore in hvc fathoms wi.ter. They let fail the next
dav, and came to an anchor at Tor, at nine o'clock ;
hut loon alter weiL;hed again, and proceeded to a place
called the Watering Place of Solyman, wluretliey
took in water, ( which however proved brarkifli )
diyging it out of pits in the land, about a lione's
throw from the fea. — On tho ^otli, the y depart.d,
and came to the firft of three illands lying to the north-
well of Sheduzm.

Thus proceeding, on the 4tli of May, ihey came
to anchor in a port two leagues to the fouth-eall of
Shakara, where they lay all night, the wind being at
north-weft.

The port oi Uahiilil Shame, X furniflies a fafe bar- g^j^yj^igi^ji^j
hour in deep water. It is laid to take its name from
Bahulcl, an eminent Bedouin, who ufcd to fell cattle
here to voyagers, on which account it was called
Uahulel's Land. They found a handfomc tomb
here, with a fort of chapel built over it, where hung
a Aiken enfign, and many arrows and trophies.
There were alfo fwcet waters and perfumes in the
chapels, and they were informed, that Mahometan
pairlons were difpenfed to fuch good Muflulmcn as
viflted this houfc. However the Portugucfc reve-
renced it fo little, that they burned it to the ground. —

The Beilouins ( or Badwis ) arc wild men among Bcilou.n'i or
whom law and order are unknown. Cert.iin tribes of rovmi; .•\ralji.
them occupy the mountains and fea coafls from Me-
linda and Magadoxa in Africa, round by Cape Gar-
dafii and the Abyflinian coafl to Suez, and indeed
along the whole coaft of Arabia, as far as Orniuz.
They are above all others given to ftealth ami rapine,
and make depredations upon all tliey meet with indif-
crimatcly, not fparing their own countrymen who
live in cities. Their food is fimplc, their habit mean;
but they are extremely agile, and light well both on
foot and on horfeback with their darts. They have
no king to rule the whole coinmunity, but each tribe
has its chief, who leads them to war, and determines
their differences. The greater part of them, like the

original

to be caiticd l>v laml frimi ilic Nile, (af;tr the total defeat of
Anthony by OOi^avius Ca;l'.ir) in order to riy to India.

X Shainu fignifics land in tlic .'\ia!>ic lani>ua^c.

II Thcfe people arcc'iiictuded tu be the 'I'rugloditcs mentioned
by FtoUmy and oilier auihers.

3n»

PORTUGUKSh VOYAGES

1541 ofipliiul r^irr nf lflini.''el, § ilwcll in tcriM, but fomc
Si^V^^ chilli- riui's lor then h.ibltuliun. Ihcir cumplcxion
is black, anil they <jhmIc tlic Aiablc laiij^u.iijc.

Hroccidinp 011 their wiiy tuwanls iVla(lii.i, ibcv
ftriick on .1 iho.il .it about tour leagues Uillaiicu from
that ilbiul, but having i(tapti> that ihiiiger, thev ,i;<>t
f.ilV into flic port, about nine o'cloik, white they
made a prcat n -orcing through the whole fleet. From
this time to th^- 25th of June, the wind» rontinually
blew at north-north-ialt, and nurtli-north-wcft,
but I'rum that time to the 7th of July, they came
from the caft, calt-fuuih-ealt and luuth-cait, often
with prent violence. Unihelart day of June, there
VMS a (tonn fo violent that the galleys drove, and
were in dmpcr of running a-groiiiid. Rain and
ihiinder acconijianicd this llorm, and the mal( of otic
of tife vellels attradtinu' the lightning, was fplit by
it, in the mJdif of the horrors of the tempelt.

After having expjiienced more llormy weather,
they departed from M.ili'ua on the ijth ot July, and
by diy-brcak on the iilh, they were within three
leagues of ''C port of Dallakha. Thus they belJ on
tiSeir eourfc, anil came lo .Xiuhedivia on the gth of
Augnlf, front whence they enibaiktd on the2il>, and
proceeded directly to (ioa, where they arrived in
Iscd S«a. faftty, after having conipkled a voyage, in the coiirfc

of whitli thev h;id made nianv curious remarks,
but performeJ no military exploits worthy of no-
tice. —

'I'he Red Sea, is called al Colzum, and the coaftsof
it are a curately defcribcd by Aboulfaid Iflimael,
flic celebrated prince of llama, who died in the year
1332. He begins his ilefcriptions at al Col/.uni, a
linall city at the north end of this fea, which from
thence runs fouthwaril, inclining a little to the
ealt, as far as al Cafir, (or al CoflVr.)—— Hence
it continues its cnurfc foutli, bending^ Ibmewhat
Weftward. And from hence afterwards it pades di-
rcilly fouth to Suakcn, a fmall city of al Sudan, or
the Land of t'lc Blacks ; thence proceeding fouth, it
incompatlcth the ifland Dallakha, not far from the
weflern fliore ; after w hich, advancing on the fame di-
reiSlion, it waOies the fliore of Kthiopa, as far as the
Cape (mountain) al Mundab, at the mouth of the
Keil Sea, which here terminates, the Indian fea flow-
in;; into it. The mountain al Mandab, and de-
ferts of Aden, approach very near, being feparated
only by fo narrow a ilreight that two (Kopie may
Rtrtii/litsof ^^ '^^'■'^ f^*^" acrofs it. The {freights generally
Bitx,! -Mamie), called Babel Mandel lies on this fide of Aden, a
ilay and night's fail towards-the north weft, 'i'hc
mountains of al Mandab, are in the country of the
Blacks, and may be fecn from the mountains of Aden,
at a great diftaiicc.

The coaft of the Red Sea, runs northward from
t.,atin cojil. y^j^.n . juj thence it proceeds round the coaft of
Gencrcn, till it comes to the borders, from thence
it runs north to Joddah, and declines a little to the
wed, 4s tar a-^ al "jahalih, a nation of the people of
Egypt. Thence lulvanciiig north, and bending a
fmall matter to the well, it waihes the coaft of Yam
baah.— — Here it tuins off northward; and hav-
ing pali'eil Madvaii, romcs to Aylah, then defccnds
foiitlnvard to Mount Tor, which thrufting forwards,
iLparali.-, two arms of the fea. AVhcncc returning to
ilicnorth, it palles on to al Colzum, (where the dc-
Iciiption began) which is lltuated to the weft of Aylah,
and 111 almoll the fame hititude. At Colzum, and
Aylah, are fealcd on two arms or tongues of the fea,
between whitli the land interpofcs, running to the
iouih, which land is Mount Tor, almoft in tlie fame
latitude with Avlah. This luiter ibnds at the end of
the c.'illern tongue, and Al Colzum at the end of the
svtllcni j l"oth.U .Aylah lies mure to tile call, and 'I'or

lllrii:itl i'. acl.nowlc.lijcil to i.c ti.e irn nt fnil.ir c f tUc Ara-
IjMs", uu.l il.t Ti'.iks arc dill «i!lini; to cuin Imih. — Ikiicc the
Hjni- 111. in, l)v a |.r«h\, Miflini, currup'.ly Mtiindiy-ii.
',.'. \ llu-ie lijie Ijc-tn i.iiuai t;.i!oiii iillii^ncd for this appcUa-

more fothefoiiih, than al Colzum. Aylah \* fitn-
ated oil the fartlieft part of the pionionlorv, whieh ex-
tends into the (ea lulwten Tor and the ro.ift of
Kgypt, the (ia pades n.imelv, that loniuc of the fe« *

on tlicoulcnnolt part (or Iboie) ol wliiih al Col/uiu
(lands hi tvvieii lor (orarioiii) and iltj.17, I Ik leu
riinsi thati., the loiigne <if v.alu, on whcjie iitnioft
part or Ihore, Aylah is (iiu.iie, from Mount I or,
to cither of the oppolitc coaft-, the dillancc is linall
by lea; hut longer alwut' the defert, licmliT
thole who travel Irom Tor to Kgypt, are under
a nectllity ol guin"; round by al (..'ol/uni, and iliole
who would go from iheiue In al Hija/, niiift piifs
without Aylah, Ti.r, on the north, jiuiis lo the con-
tinent ; but Its Oliver three lidis are wullKd by
the lea. The Sta of nl Col/uni, after paOin;;
a little to'^\ards the fouth-eaft, begins to widen
on cithcL fide, till at length it becomes 70 milct
broad.

Don Juande Caftrn, (whofc vn\'a!:c is grvfrV above)
wasprelent at the fecund ficge of D'ui, when he pcr-
fitrmed the part of a valiant Ibldier.

Chujah /art'ar, who was fo adive rrt the former Ziilai'r.lcceli.
fiege, from that time forward, kept a fair torrilpon-
dence with the Portugucfe : yet, underhand, perfitadiil
the king of L'ambaya, whole favourite he now was,
to endeavour to (hake oft" the yoke of the i'-irt of Diu.
To effedt this, he drew togcrlicr a grea' number of
men; but delirous rather to lucceed by {i"l:cy, than
torcc, he agreed with an infamous I'o. tug lefcj called
Iluv Krryre,- to poifon thecilhrn, fire th' magazine,
and, iipTjn a fign given, admit him into tlx fort.
The treachery however was difcovercd by an Kthio-
pian, a Turk, and a woman (lave. Chojah Zaftar,
aftoiiifhed to fee his dcfign detedtcd, began to com-
pliment Don Juan Mafcarenhas, commander of the
fort; and bccaufc they obftrudted building that wall
between the fort and the city, which Don Ciarcia de
Noronna had fu weakly allowed, and Emanuel de Sou>'ii
had courageoufly be^i do'vn, he afligned that as the .t .,_

,• .■ S , < ' t ' ° r e t'j.. rlC ai'.TCllJ CUB

rcalun (or breaking 1 e ;Ke ; making ufe of dimmu- j,(11j.
lation, till he had gathered a great power. Mafca-
renhas, perceiving the danger that threatened him, pre-
pared to meet it, and gave advice thereof to the go-
vernor Don Juan de Caftro, and neighbouring com-
manders. He appointed every man his poft, and
placed an officer with 30 men in each of the four baf-
tions ; his lieutenant over the gate with 20, and ano-
ther with a like number, in a fmall work ; lefcrving
50 for himfelf, to be wherever the grcateft danger
called. This was his whole force, and this llieir
dil'poAtion, when Chojah >Caft°ar came on with all his
power, rel<[>lving to attack the baftionofthc fea, with
three caftles, built upon a (hip of a prodigious big-
ncfs, well ftored with cannon to batter the wall.
Within the caftles weroe 2C0 'I'urks, (out of 500 fent
from Mocha by the king of Zibid) who were to dif-
traft the defendants, by pouring in continually all
forts of (ire- works. But the Pott uguefe commander,
having notice of this delign, fent an ofliccr tii
burn that (hip. He took 20 men in two vcfleN, and
tho' unexpeiitedly difcovcred, (for he fet out by ni^;hl)
vet did not dcfift, but immediately went on and lit
Src to it; then returning, law a great part of it fly
into the air, with moft of the Turks, the remainder
carting fuch a flame, as at a diftancc, difcovcred the
enemy's army running in battalions to quench it.
He |>ercciving them in cluftcrs, let fly his can-
non and killed many, having bad only fcvcn men
wounded in the aiSion. After this he W';nt on to the
mouth of the river, and took from the bcficgers fomi-
veftels of provifions, wilh which he returned to the
fort, much admired of all. Chojah Zaftar now be-
gan to build the wall that had been before beat down ;

and

tion i amopi; ilicfe Don Juan ilc Callrp attiibufcs Ir to tlie red-
i.cfs. of the (ca in certain part?, whfrc tluic wab rtii coiai ;- 'lie
bulioiDi aiiil a quantity of red vvccuk lluaiing on the (urfacc.

1Chi|Mo

nieil Mini

Ti friEtitc
Mck.

Valour
Women.

Ziiiar (la

A ccncra

liuTt.

*•

ZniUr;<k«li.

Huat-ulkt clw

cilUc.

TO THE EAST IhfDtKi!

a***

tChiiMohtm'
nieO cwnci.

Ti friilited
Uck.

Valour of the
woiueo.

Zifftr fljin.

A nncnl af-

tiuTc.

■hd though the cannon from the furtrefi killed mni'y
of the workmen, yet it was brought to luch perfec-
tion, that he pUntcd thereon fixty great cannon, lie-
fiiiei many fmall i there wat one ol° fiich extraordi-
nary bignefi, that it fliook the whole iflanil, and
made piecei of the fort fly, being managed by an cx-

r;rt trench renei^ado. At lhi» time arrived Don
erdinand de Caftro, (un to the governor, with I'lic-
couri : Mafcarcnhai wanted fomc intelligence from
the cnemy'i camp, which Diego Datnaya Coutinno,
• gentleman of note, and a man of great Itieii^th,
coming to the knowledge of, at night put a lielniei on
his head, with a fword by his fide, and taking a fpeur
2n hll hand, let himfclrdown the wall, thu« lying
clofe at fome diftance from the fort, he difcovured two
Moon, who being come up to him, he killed one of
them with the fpear, and taking up the other in hi«
■rmi, ran with him to the gate uf the furl, and c.ill-
ing, threw him in, to the great admiration of tliofc
who beheld it : he had borrowed the helmet, and pro-
mifed to return it, or die, In this fcuSle it fell off,
and he milTed it not till the owner aflced for it ; Cou-
tinno faid nothing, but letting hinifclf oft' the wall n
fecond time, went to look for the helmet, found, and
reftored it to the right owner. —Mafcarcnhas obferving
•n extraordinary motion in the enemy's army, and
bcins defirous to know the caufe of it ; fix Portu-
guefe fallied out at night, and fell among fixty Moors
who were all aflcep, whereof they killed fomc, but
the noife waking the reft, as alfo others not far oft',
they were forced to retire with the lofs of two. The
four brought a prifoner with them, who informed the
, commander, that the king of Cambaya was come from
Champanel with 10,000 horfc, to fee (as Chojah
Zaftarfaid) that place taken. I'his aAion lb inccnl-
ed them, that they renewed the fury of their batteries,
and did much harm. However, the rcncgadu French-
man was ftruck dead by a chance dart ; and the gun-
ner who fucccedcd him, being ignorant, did more
harm to his own party, than to the Portuguefe. All
the neighbourhood refounded with the noife of the
cannon, and cries of dying men, when a bullet from
the fort, falling in the king's tent, fprinkled him with
the blood of one of his favourites, who was beaten to

Iiieces, which fo terrified him, that he inftantly fled,
eaving the command of the horfe to Jnzar Chan, a
valiant Abyflinian. The fiege being vigoroufly pulh-
ed, there was great flaughter and deftruiition on both
fides ; which was the more vifible and prejudicial in
the fort, by reafon of its little compafs, and the fmall
number of men. Mafcarcnhas appeared wherever there
was danger, as hoping to gain no Icfs honour than
Antonio de Silveyra had done there a kw years before.
He was no lefs fortunate in courageous women, who
encouraged the men, aflifted and relieved them at the
work. One of them hearing, that the enemy were
eot into a houfe, ran with a I'pear, and fought till
Mafcarcnhas came, and put them all to the fword. —
Chniah Zifftr omitted nothing that could be dcvifed,
to fill the ditches, and lay open the fort ; while the
bcficged repaired the breaches. 7'he prime gentry did
the duties of private foldiers and mafnns : the walls
and baftions vrerc ruined at night, and reftored by

morning. Zaff'ar, attonifhed to fee all he de-

Aroyed fo fuddcniy made up again, coming on in a
rage, with afrefh fupply of men, a ball from a can-
non took ofl^ his head and right hand, whereon he
leaned it. His fon, Rumi Chan, fucccedcd him in
his command ; who, (while Mafcarcnhas was fending
frcfli advice to the governora at Goa, and the cap-
tains of the neighbouring places, to haften fuccours}
with Juzar Chan, gave a general afl'ault, attacking
the baftions of St. John, and St. Thomas, where
they met with a moft vigorous refiftanccc. and many
were killed : valour was forced to give way to num-
bers, and the enemy mounted St. I'homas s baftion :
but defpair adminiftercd fury, the few Portuguefe
ruflicd upon the multitude, »nd making a wonc^rful
(laughter, threw headlong from the wall, fuch as had
cfcaped the fword. — Rami Chan, having fpent this
Vol. L No. 27.

ni,i;Iit in prayers aH'l procclRon^, iu tl... ilnjj r*- . ^^

newcd llie alluult, liiir atUT ni'UMin iwo u,il'< '♦"

lion-, win JiiiieJ to retire willi ihe In : nrar aooo
nun, and among tliein Jii/ir Chm, :irriil nf the « Clu
horli', whom an undo ol llie fame nm ' luccecdrd' . u..
In this adiion (Ivcn Portu.'.iii.rc wor ''iiii; fvvcral
other afl'.iiilts were given wirli the lik.c (uccel* ; ill
one of thefe, the f:rc wm to il ilc .iiul furious, that ll-
veral who were cl.lJ in cotton, wliali loon look ll mie,
ran and dipt thcnirelvcs in tlic w.itrr, .iml lo returned
to their polls: flioJc wh'> wore (kins eli;iptd bttttr.
Mafcarenh.^4 taking notice ol tins, c.niled liiine ^ilr
leather, wherewith liis rooms were hui'j;, to he made
into co.its for the luldiers. At one tune he and Don
Pedro dc Almcyda, with loj men, (allied to dcltroy
a mount railed to overlook the fort, killing 30.J
Moors. Martin Botello, another tinir, went out
with ten men, to take fomebody who niiijht give in-
telligence, and falling upon eighteen, put thcni to
flight, except a bold Nubian, who llandin'r all the
eleven, wrcllled with liotello, and he lindiiig it hard
to overcome him wliillt he could touch ihe ground
with his feet, ran with him in his arms to the fort.—
Meanwhile, the defend.ints werecijually fpent with
labour, and with hunger, fo that they were glad to
feed upon naufeuus vermin ) a crow taken upon the
dead bodies, was a dainty for the Tick, and (old for
five crowns i the ammunition was likewife almolt
(pent) and now the tncmy gave u hut afl'ault with
frcfti men, 10,000 having newly joined them: they
entered St. John's baftion, and retired ; fcarcely had
they left it, when it blew up, bein|^ undermined, and
in it feventy Portugviefe, ten of whom came down
alive i Diego de Sotoiiiayer fell into the fort with a
('pear in Ins hand ) a foldier in the fame manner
dropped among the enemies, and was killed by thcni.
Mafcarcnhas forcfceing the danger, had ordered them
to quit the baftion ; but one Reynofo profefled, if
they did, he would accufe them of cowardice : — 1 3,000
of the enemy having attacked the breach I hey had _.. . .
made, were withftood by five foldiers only, till Maf- ,,^^5'™ '
carcnhas came with fifteen more : the women aflifted
the men, and ran even to liravc death. The prieft,
who was returned from carrying the advice to the
neighbouring places, appeared, encouraging all, with
a crucifix lilted on hi^jh. The actions done here
were aftoniftiing ; but it growing dark, the enemy re-
tired, having toft 300 men, and Mafcarcnhas fpent
all the night in repairing the damages. The enemy
daily renewed their attacks with no better fortune, ^""' 'f*
and held out by means of their vaft numbers : Rumi '•"''••
Chan pierced the very rocks that ftoud in his way,
but met not with fuccefs as he had done the time be-
fore i for Mafcarcnhas perceiving his work, counter-
mined it, and killed many of them. Don Alvarode
Caltro, the governor's fon, who was I'cnt with fuppiies,
having met with incredible ftorms, at length arrived
at BalTaim : Antonio A'loni/. U.irrctto got firft into
Diu, with eight gentlemen, who, though lb few,
were no fmall comfort to the beficgcd ; one of thefe,
called Michael Darinida', a man of prodigious ftrength,
being refufed admittance into the boat, leaped into the
water with his mufquetin his mouth, and fwimming
after it, Barretto was obliged to take him up : Louis
de Melo, and Mcndoza, came alfo with nine men :
then Don George and Don Duart de Meiiefcs, wi<h
fcvcntccn ; after them, Don Antonio de Atayde, and
Francifco Guillcrme, with fifty each 1 and laftlyj
Ruy Freyne, faAor of Chaul, with twenty-four.
All thefe fell upon the enemy, then poiTelTcd of fome
of the works, and among them the baftion of St.
Jago : the difputc was hot, yet the enemy fet up
their colours on the walls, Antonio Barretto made
good his poft with only two foldiers, and w.-is going
to quench his flames in the water ; but one of th«
two, who was in the fame condition, detained hinif
and both did things worthy admiration. Antonio
Corrca fallied out with 20 more to difcover the ene-
my, and I'aw twelve Moors fitting about a fire. He
exhorted his men to fall upon them, but they fled.
4 L. How-

JIO

PORTUGUESE VOYAOEI

'$45

Hou'Cwr, loing; forward, in liopci lo take otir whu
might give inti'lTiiJcnrr, he fell uii, in«l lM:h.ivr(l him-
fi'll bravclyi bui wa« taken and carried l» Runii Chan,
wh'icxaniiiird him about the pofture the lort wai in,
which though then very mifcrjble, hs rcprrfcnted In
powirliil, »s drove th^t ^-iiieril into ilclpaii i and
nii>VL-d him to caul'c the unlorliuutc piilonof lo be
dr.ig^ed through the llrci'tii ( then hii head h(in|; cut
off, It wa'i let upon a pole next djy in light u( the
fort. 'I'lie enemy had, hy lhi< time, luli }ooo men,
iind the bilicgcd 200, (o ihui the Utter h.id nut lo many
nuire Icl't ; ami wn.tt wai wnrl'e, halt ol ihcni were
not able to do duty, when Ijon Alvaru arrived with
the fuppliri, which confilled of 400 men, andalul-
ficient quantity <il' ammunilion, having liy the way
taken a Ihip ul C^unbaya richly laden. 'I'hejoyul
this relief was foon allayed) lor the foldier« of thm
reinlorccnu'iit, fearing the mines, propuled to meet the
cni-my in the open H.Td. Mal'carenhai, piudcntly re
fuliii^ to comply W'ch their motion, they biukc out
intoo|>un mutiny, in contenipt of all military dil'cip-
linc. The cominnnder feeing hiiiifelf in danger of
pcrilhing ill the fori, by his own men, fallied with al-
moll 500 in three bodie). i'refently they (gained the
enemy's advanced poll, forcing them to retire to their
works) but when ihry cnmc there, thole who had l<i
inlolently forced their commander to tliir. extrava-
gancy, itooil atthcfootof the trenche«, while others
m'lunted wh'i had t)i.en lefs forward with their tongues.
Mafearenhas ficiiig them in thii pollurc upbraided their
behaviour in fuch term*, that, ruul'ed by fli.imc, they
took heart and went up. The whole army now came
down upon the I'ortuguefi', who liaviiij; dune vvuii-
Ucrs, were forced to rcciro in fuch difurder, that the
enemy mull certainly havepull'cllld theinfelvcs of the
fort, had not Mafcarrnhas, hy his prudence and
courage, prevented Mojate Chan, who with 5COO
■lien utteiniited tu enter, and was va'iantly oppoled
by Lewis lie Soufa in St. Thomas's bulwark. Sixty
men were lolt in this action, and Don Fernando dc
Caftru miirt.illy wounded In the head. The Moors
hid taken the cannon of the Baftion Sant Jagn, when
Vafquczde Cunna, .ind Lewis de Almcyda, brought
a frcih relief. The latter immediately went out with
three caravals, and quickly returned with two great
Ihips of Mocha, and lome other veflcls, whole load-
ing was worth 50,000 ducats. Many Moora were
hung at the yard-arms, whofe heads were then cur
off, as was the captain's, who was a ianilTary, and
offered 3000 ducats for his r.uifom. The liege had
now lalled eight months i when in the beginning of
Ifovcmber the governor Don Juan de Caftro, had got-
ten together a great fleet of nil I'orts of vefl'els for the
relief of Diu. Every one admired the conlianc}
wherewith he received the news of the death of his
fon Fernando : for ttiou^h he highly refented it, he
dillemblcd his grief I and drefling himfelf gayer than
ordinary, wencfirll in proccirion, to give (iwl thanks
that Diu was (till in the poUelTiun of the Portuguefe,
and then to* public fenft, wliicli was the imitation
of a fight, wherein they ufe canes inftead of lances.
'i'he fleet conflflcd of above 90 fail, bcfides three of the
(hips that then came from Portugal ; and fcvcral gen-
tlemen that came in them, went in other veflels. . .
The governor beang come to Bafaim, waited thecum-
iagupof the vcili-ls that were fcattered; and in the
mean while fent Don Emanuel dc Lima to fcour the
coalK Near Daman, he took fevcral fhips, and cut-
ting the Moors in pieces, threw them into the mouth
of the river, that the tide carrying them up, they
might flrike a terror in all that coait. Entering the
river of Surat, after a vigorous rcfiftance made, he
dcllroyed all that belonged to the town of the Ethio-
pians. The fame was done at the city Anfoto, not
far diftant, without fparing either fcx or beauty : the

* Two pcntletnen, win h><) challenged each other, now
i^iMillic flivuld be uwncd viAatioui «vcr ili« oihsr, wUefit(l

fined wmnrti of the RratninsanJOaiwaiii, b(insnatt|^«
teicd in that and ih« neiahbourins towns. \V hen ili«
fleet appealed in the tea of Uiu j the enimy (Imid n„n ju'n in
amaxMl, though they had juft chcii icieivcd a lupply iim> <i Uu.
of jooo Itefti men lent by the king. The unveinur
went privately into the Ion, aniTafieruardi landcJ
Ins men. It haviug been rcluivcd in council tu attack
tlie enemy, they marched in the folluwiiig oidtr :
Dun Juan Malcarenhas, commander of the lurt, Kil '

the van, confiDing of 500 men ) Don Alvaro led at
many I Don Emanuel de Linu the like number i
the governor headed the rcll, v^hich were 1000, and
a binly of Indians. Among the reA were fume Pur*
tugufli; women in men's clualhi, tu allill ilic wounded.
In the fort was left the lieutenant with joo men.
The governor appointed rewards for thofe who iirtt
mounted the enemy's works. At break of day, on
the 1 1 Ih of November; this finall army marched out
to attack the numerous forces of the enemy, wliu
were well intrenclud, and prepared with caniiiiii.
I'hey gave the onfet with much bravery, and lomu
lill. At length the Portuguefe mounted the wurk^.
Such was each man's ragcrnels to be firll, that it luuIJ
nut be known whu really was lo. Cofine I'afvd hav-
ing I'lll a leg, fought on his knees, till he was killed.
Another cut down one Turk, and llonplng tu
make an end of him, was flain by hl< Kllow. Fraii-
cilcode Azevcdo was killed after having made a great
llauglitcr. Mafcarenhas, and Don Alvaro d>: Ciltm,
having taken a bulwark, made them room in the held.
The governor came up, and inflamed the li;;ht, H«
ordi'red his enliun tu fix the (olours on the ene-
my's woiks. 'I wice was the cnfign thmwn down,
and twice he remounted, The men, encouraged by
the governor's prefence, prifltd forward, and the
enemy gave way. The Purtuguele entevcd their
Works peiUmrll with them, and Rumi Chan came im
with the whole body uf his army; but, after a lint
dil'pute, retired, Iciving his adverfaries matters uf his
works. He went to join lusar Chan, whu on the
other fide was worflcd by Mafcarenhas. 'I'he govern-
or marched nut of the works to meot iheiii, giving
the van to his fon Don Alvnrn. The Poituguil*
were much diltieired, when Knar Antonio del C.zcl
put himfelf before them with a crucifix on the joint of
a lance; on which they took courage, and covering
the held with dead .md wounded men, put Rumi ' *

Chan to flight. He rallying again in his turn, forced
the Portuguefe to retire in great confufion ; but the
governor renewed the fight, and rettored good order.
At this time a flone broke an arm of the crucifix, and
the priell calling tu the men to revenge the facrilegCf
they fell on with fuch fury, that drove the enemy to
the city.— —The firft who entered the city witl»
them, was Don Mafcarenhas, and after him
came Don Alvaro, and Don Emanuel dc Lima,
and the governor, al! feveral ways, making the
ftrcctt and houfei run with blood. The women
elcaped not the late of the men, and children were
flain at their mother's brealls. 'I'hc firU part of the
booty was precious (tunes, pearls, gold and filver :
other things, though of value, were ncglti^hul.
Rumi Chan, and his geoernl officers, rallying their
men, appeared again in the field with Uooo men. The Kumi Chin
governor and his fon, and Don Juan Mafcarenhas killcj.
encompafTed them. The fight was bloutly ; in the
heat of it, UabricI Teyxeira, tcjok the Itandaid ot°
Cnmbaya (after killing the bearer] and dragged it
about the field, proclaiming victory ; George Nunez,
from among the dead, broughtout Rumi Chan's head,
and prcfented it to the (tovernor. Others took Juzar jayir Cliia
Chan, who was wounded. The Portaguefe were left take*,
abfolute mailers of the field, having lolt lOo men ; "i

of the enemy 5000 were flain, and among them Azed*
Chan, and ioaie othet men of note. Free plun-
der

entered the cnemy't quarter! 1 both honourably flrove for this
glory, aad both Jie4 ia the iitein^.

dir.

.-.if-

CsAtcrcj

Tu Dai

1 O THE EAST INDIES.

m Jvun IN
la u Utu.

Maah
dtr.

der w*i ntlciwcii) fume were inrlchctl, muny I'.ot
much, *nJ ull were Citlifii-il, there were taken many
plu*- colour!, lurly piccei uf cannnn of an <.xtraui>luury
bigiicCi, whi<.h vvilh the lillcr Idrt, iiuidc u)i
two hundred, .uul .i vail quantity ol iimttiiinition,— —
M»ny particularly finiiali«cj tUoml'elvet in the
idtiun, and the (governor adU-d the part oCa loldicr, a*
well ai the general. Don Juan MaCcarenhas iilt<.r
• fiegc of el^hl nionthi, did more than couM be
immincd I Dun Alvaro de Caftro, bihavcd like hi*
(.ithcr k the Enfiun Duarte Barbudo, being Icvcral
timet thiown duwn, »» often mounted the works ;
Kriar Anthony emiiloyi.! h" crucifix to very nocd
nurpoft. The king cauled twcnty-eijjht 1'ortiij.Mii !••
he had in cudody, to he torn in piecen in his prelcnte,
iarevenKO for hii loft. VVhilll the governor wa»
employed in repairing the damage retcivcJ. Don
Kmaiiuil de Lima, in the betmning of the ye.ir 15+6,
ly bin order, fcoured the coalt of Cambaya with
thirty (hi))«, demolilhing ull the towns aloin; the
ihore. '1 he city Oogo, one of the chief of that
kingdom, wa>tak«n, plundered, and burnt, without
any refinance t the inhabitants flying to the iiiouii-
taint, where bein^j purfuid, they were found at night,
■bout a loguc oft afleep, and all put to the l*ord.
All the cattle in the heldn, were either killed or
ham-(lrun;t, and the city Oaiidar, and feveral othir
towns, fuflercd the fame fate, And thus the
Portuguefe fullied tli':ir vii^oriei with thofe cruelties

that add to the horrors of war. 'I'he joy at

Goa was grciit on account of thcfe tidini^a .nt
by Diego Rodrigur/. de Azevcdo, by whom the
governor defircd the city to lend him ao,ooo pardas's
tor the ufeof the army, lending a lock of his whilkers
in pawn for the money. 'I'he city returned the
pledge with rcfpeift, and remitted him more money
than he demanded. The women, to exprcfs their
gratitude, fint their pendants, necklaces, bracelets,
and other jewels i but all was puiidually rcflored
by the governor, as it was lent, having been fupplicd
the day before, by a rich (hip of Camh.-iya, taken by
Caftlcrcpaircd y^^tonio M.uiix Barrcto, on the coall of Man^alor.
Afterwaidi the fort wa» repaired, and put into a
better condition than it was before tlic hege : 500
men were left in it, and Don George dcMenefes,
with fix fliips upon the coall. The city likewife
liecamc better inhabite<l, through the good ufage of
the governor to the Moors. After which, failing for
Goa, he arrived there the nth of April, where he
was received with loud acclamations, and a fplcndid

triumph prepared by tin- city. In Imilailnn of thr/i- of
Kome. The uatet and IliccK were huii^ with lilk,
the MJiiilowt liironged with fine woiiit'ii, all placii
refoiiii.lrd with iiiuhc and iiwili; nf canium i and the j|
ff.i was covered with vtllcU richly nJonird. Tho
giivtrnor eiitcnd uiiJi.'r a rich canii|iy, wlieie taking
utl his cap, they put on hit luad .1 ciuwn of laurel,
and a hriiich ol i( 111 hi'> li .ilJ | Fiiar Antony
went befoic him with hi* cr.ninK, as he ■ .iriiiil it in
the h;;lit 1 and next to hini the royal U.iiul.nil ) then
followid Ju«ar Chan, with his lycs lixid on iho
I'.iouiid, perlraps that he mij^lit nnt fi\- liH prince's co-
hiurt ilr.i^," d and .>tli>;r< Dying, ht-lld."! lli<.' iih^uifylng
li^lit of bco priUincit ill chains, In iht fi.iiit, tha
canimr, aiui other foils of aims were cairud in

on piopei cariiajirs. The (^uv.rnor walked

upon leaves of gold and lil.'i.-r, and rich lilks.
I he ladies from the » inflows, fprinklid liini wllh
fwcet water, and tlii.w IliWi-r^ on him. * 'I'he
news of the vii'tory at l)iu was bruir^hi to Lilhon the
fame ytar ; when ilie king liaviin^ rtlolvi.d tohoiunir
Don juan <lc Callro with uniiliial favours, continued
ine government to him, with the title of viir-roy.
He lunt him alfo a picfent in money i and iira'e his
Ion Don Alvaro, auiniral of the liuii.in feas; hut Don
Jrt.m did nut live to enjoy that honour. \Vhin he
law that there were no hnpis of lite, he fent for the
council, which he had appointetl ti) act in his Head,
and told them " that he had noihin^ i and difired
that they would order foinething out of the kiii;;'«
revenue, that he might imt die for want)" then a
mafs book beini; broujjht, he laid his hand upon it,
and hvorc, " That he had no way made nle of the
king's or any other iiur.'s mnncy, imr had driven any
trade to increal'e his o.vn Hock t " and drlired that
this iH of his might be recorded. After his dialU
there were found In his private cabinet, a bloody
difcipline, and three rids, which was all his
treafure. In 1576, his h.idy was hrou"lit to I'or-
tugal, and laid in the church of the Dominicans,

on a hill not far from Lifbon, He is paintid

crowned with palm branches, and cloathed in red.
He was a great linguilf, and well (killed in nia-
thcmalics. He was the fourteenth in the number
of governors, and may be accounted the fourlli
vice-roy. His death is laid to have been accelleratrd
by the bad condu(£l of fomc gentlemen in an expe-
dition a little before i and thus died a good governor
! and a brave otriccr.

155'

C«t)ru'i

.<iii|>li.

i Jcaih,

VOYAGES OF THE ENGLISH TO GUINEA AND THE EAST INDIES.

Ktimi Ciito
killcJ.

■ Jarir Clii
[ nkoa.

TH E fuccefTes of the Portiiguefc in their African |
and Eaft Indian expeditions, railed a fpirit ofi
emulation among other nations. The Spaniards had '
endeavoured to come in for a (hart of the advantages ;
and the Englilh failed not to follow their example.
The defigns of our countrymen in this lefpett, ap-
pear to have been fuppnrted by the Spaniards, and
were Tuppreired upon the remonftranccs of the Portu- ,
guel'e, — it appears however that the Englilh fre-
quently traded to the Canary Iflands, and even efta- :
blilhed faiffors in thofe parts.

About the middle of the fixtecnth century, the

Fngli(h fpirit for trade exerting itl'elf, and mictiiiu;

,ith a favourable conjun£lure, they began to pufh it

to the fouth as well as north, about the year 155 1.

Capt. Thomas Windham, in the (hip I,ion, failed

To Barbary. {„ Morocco, whither he carried back two Moors

of the royal family. This was the (irft voyage we

meet witn to the weftern coaft of Africa; and thcfe

are all the particulars to be found relating to it,

excepting, that One James Alday, a fcrvant to

Sebaltian Cabato, in a letter to Mr. Michael Locke,

in 1552, reprefents himfelf as being the fi.ft
promoter of this Barbary traffic : he alfo obl'erves,
that he (hould have performed this voya<{e him-
felf, and h.tve had the whole cofiimand if Ihip
and goods, but that Sir John Lutterel, John
Fletcher, Henry Ollrich, and otliei-s, with whom
he had joined, aii'd of the fweating lickiuiV : and he
himfelf, after elcaping that difeal'e, had been feizei
with a violent fever. But before he recovered, tins
(liip being at Portfmouth, 'I'lioma> ^Vuulhaln I'.id
her away from thence, by whom he loll oiglity pounds.
Next year, 1552, Winlham perlormed a fecoiul
voyage to Zahii and Santa Crii,-,, without thu
Streights, where he had been the year before. This
gave great offence to the HortiigiefL, who thre.itcnud
to treat the Englilh as enrniics, if thev mot with
them in thofe parts. — Notwithlamliru'; thele menace^,
the year, following, the fame Windham, and Antonio

• Quren Catharine of P(irt"i;.d, hcarini; the relation nf his
vifiory and triumph, faiil " Don Juan had ovcrconu hkc a
Cjiiidian, and ttiumphiil like a Iwallii'n.''

Anas

-*Lt

3'»

Voyages of the e n* g l l s h.

ISS2

i (

#umf7iarv* ac-
count ot

Ancs Pititeado a Portiigiicfc, the promoter of this
attempt, undertook a voyage to Guinea, in three
fhipf, with 140 nicHi and traded for i^o\i along the
coalt ; after which they failed for Benin, to load pep-
per : bnt hoth tlie commanders, and moft of the men
living of fickntf'i, ocrafioned by the climate; the reft.
King hut forty, returned to Plymouth, with only one
/hip (having burnt the others for want of hands to

tvorkthcni) and no great riches. In 1554, Mr.

John Lock, made a voyage with three Ihips, and
trading along that roalf, brought awav a confiderable
quantity of gold and ivory, but proceeded no farther.
'iliele vo)«ges were fuccecded hy others almoft every
year. At length, upon application to cjueen Eliza-
beth by certain merchants, two patents were granted,
one in 1585, lor the Karbary or Morocco trade j the
other, in 1588, for the Guinea trade, between the
fivers Senaga, and Gambra, or Gambia ; and in 1592,
a third was obtained by others, taking in the co.ifl
from the river Nonnia, to the fouth of Sierra Lcona,
the fpace of 100 leagues, which patents gave rife to
the African company.

The views of thetnglifli extending with their fuc-
cefs, and finding the difcovery of the N. E. and N.
W, partagcs, had been long attempted in vain, they
fcfolved to pulh their voyage round Africa, by the
Portugucfe courfe. In 1591, tlirce large (hips under-
took that voyage for the firit time, under the com-
mand of captuin Raymond : and rn T596, another fleet
of three fl.ip?, commanded by captain Wood, fet out
on the fame Jefijjn ; but with ill fuccefs. Mean time,
fcveral navigators were employed to difcover this way
to tile Eatt Indies, and the Portuguefe pofTcflions there.
At length, in 1600, a body of gentlemen, merchants,
and other?, (to the number of 216) with George Tail
of Cumberland at the head of them, obtained a char-
ter from queen Elizabeth, for carrying on a trade to
the Eaft Indies, under the denomination of The Com-
pany of Merchants Adventurers. 1- rom this time for-
ward, Ihips were ft-nt regularly every two or three
years, to thofe parts of the world. And thus was laid
the foundation of the Eail India Commerce, which
fubfifts at prcfcnt.

The voyage to Barbarj', in 1552, by Cap«ain Tho-
mas Vv'indham, was piojccledby Sir John York, Sir
William Gerrard, SirT homas Worth, Meflrs. Fran-
cis Lambert, Cole, and feverbi other merchants. The
fliips that went on this voyage were three. Firft, the
Lion, of London, the admiral's fhip, about 150 tons,
Thomas Windham, captain, and part owner, a Nor-
folk ge.ntlcman, who lived at M.irfhfield Park, Somer-
Jitftiirc : fccond, the Buttolfc, about 80 tons : and
the third, a rnrav.l, bought of fomc Portugucfe, at
Newport in AV'ale.^, and freighted for this voyage, of
60 tons : the number of men in the fleet were one
hundred and twenty : the mailer of the Lion was one
John Kerry, of Somerfetihirc; and his mate was David
Landman. — I'his fleet departed out of King-road,
near Brillo!, on Monday morning, the b^ginnino; of
May, IS52> and Monday fortnight, in the evening,
came to r.iichor in the ro.id of Zafia, on the coait of
iBarbary, iji jz de2ree» gf latitude, which was the

firft port they were bound to, and there landed part af
their merchandize, to be conveyed to the city of
Morocco.— After this, having rcfrcfticd themlelves
with vidtuals and water, they went to the ittond
port; called Santa Cruz, where they difcharged the santi C:ut
rclf of their goods, being linen and woollen cloth,
coral, amber, jet, and divers other things, cdeemcd by
the Moois; here they found a French fliip, whicU
not knowing whether war or peace fubfilted between
Engla:id and France, drew as near the town as
(he could, craving its proteftion,- if need were j
infomtich, that oblerving the Englifli ftill to advance,
a piece \\ as fliot from the walls,- which flew between
the main and forcmaft of the Admiral; whereupon,
calling anchor, there prefently came a pinnace aboard
to know what they were, who andcrltaiiding that they
had been there before, and came with conlent of their
king, were fully fatisfied, and gave Ihem leavo. to
land their goods. They had not been long here be-
fore the viceroy, whole name was Sibil] Manache,
came to vifit them with great civility : but by one de-
lay or other, they fpent very near three months
before they could get in their lading, which was
I'ugar, dates, almonds, and molafles. ■ Yet al-
though they were here in the heat of the fummcr,
none of the company died by ficknefs. When the OiifH
*cre laden, they put to ica, expciSing a wefterly
wind ; but as they were fetting forward tor England,
the Lion fprung a leak, lb that they were driven to
Lancerote, on the fide towards Fortcvcntura, where
ihey landed out of her70chefts of fugar, with 12 or
fixteen of the company. The inhabitants fuppofcd
the caraval had been (eized by them, fuddcniy came
with force, and took them prifoners, and fnoikd the
i'ugar?. Thi:. b:\r.g perceived f^oni the (hips, they
manned three boats to refcue them, and put the
Spaniards to .light, of whom they flew 18, and took the
governor of the ifland prifoncr, who was about 70
years of age, but chacing the enemy too far, and be-
ing in want of powder and arrows, the Spaniards per-
ceiving this, returned and flew fix of them in their
retreat. Alter this, coming to a pailey, it was agreed
that the Englifh ibould be exchanged for their old
governor, and that a certiHcate fliould be given under
his and their hands of what damages they had received,
which damages were made good by the Spanifli mer-
chants, upon their return into England. Having
found out and (lopped the leak, they fet fail ; and as
they left one.end of the ifland, the Cacafuego, and
other (hips of the king of Portugal's armada, en-
tered at the other, and came to anchor in the road
from whence the Englifli departed, (hooting off their
ordnance in their hearing. The Portuguefe were
much olFended with this new trade into Batbary j
and both in this and their former voyage, gave out in
England, by their merchants, with great menaces,
that if they took the Englifli in thofe parts, they
would ufe them as their mortal enemies. They were
feven or eight weeks before they could rcicli the coaft
of England, putting firfl into Plymouth ^ foon after
they arrived at London, where they landed their mer-
chandife about the end of OiElober, 1552.

• 4

St. Niclu

tliver Scl
Guinea j
per.

A VOYAGE TO GUINEA AND BENIN, BY THOMAS WINDHAM,
AND ANTONIO ANES PINTEADO, CAPTAINS. '

RirnBei

ON" the 1 2th of Ai];juft there failed from Portf-
niouth two line (hips, the Priinrol'e and Lion,
with a pinnace called the Moon, furni(hed with 140
'ibk-budli.d men, Otdnancc and vii^uaU. They were

commanded by two captains j the one a Portugucfe,
called Antonio Anes Pinteado, the fon of Juan Anes,
horn ill a town named, The Port ef Portugal, a wife,
difcrcet and fobcr iqan. He w»s an expert pilot as

well

^fj

TOtJUINEAAND THE EAST IKDIES.

3»S

Sjiit»C:ui.

St. Nicholas.

lliver Scflot.
Guinea [ic^'
per.

Rir«r Benin.

Wtll as a prudent captain ; and for his flcill in naviga-
tion had btvn in j^rcat favour with tiiu king of Por-
tuf^al, who comuiittcil to his care tlic toalh of lirafil
and Guinea, ai^aind the inlultsof the French, to whom
he was a terror in thole feas. He was likewifc a gen-
tleman of the king's houfchold : but f.illing afterwards
into difi^racr-, thioiii^h the malicious inlinuations of
fome w'lo invied his good fortune, was forced by his
majcfty to come to England. I'hc other captain's
name was Windham, a perfon of very different
qualitic', and endowed with little virtue.—— — He
began to Ihcvv his evil dilpofition at Portfniouth,
by turni;ig oi^t of his ihip .k kinfman of one of the
principal merchants concerned in tiie voyages j al-
though it piovcd very happy for the young man, ,ind
others wilhcd he had fcrvcd tlieir fons in the fame
manner.

" Setting out on their voyage, t!iry came to llic
itland of Madeira, where they look in wnies for the ufe
of their fhips. At thefc iflands they met with a great
gnlleon of the king of Portugal's, full of men and
ordnance, fent out on purpofe to prevent fhips ot
other nations from trading in thofc feas, and particu-
larly to fruftrate this voyage of the F.nglifli, although
ihey could not have done it in ciife lliey had attempted
it. 'it fei-ms the king of Portugal had been fecretly in-
formed that our Jbips were defined againll his caftlc
of Mina, although nothing lels was intended. Hi-
therto Windham behaved in a fecmingly very good
natured friendly manner to Pinteado ; but after they
had left Madeira, he began to change his carriage : he
took upon him the fole command, fetting nought by
Captain Pinteado, and the fadlor ; and proceeding
even to vile language and menaces. He look from
him the fervicc of the boys, and certain marines,
that were afligned him by the orders and direitions ol
the merchants, and left him as a common fcaman :
this was a fenflble mortiticition to that worthy com-
mander, becaufe nothing can aftiiil a Portugutle or a
Sp.miard more, than to be deprived of their honours.
Sailing forward, and pafling by the Canaries, they
came to the ifland of St. Nicholas, where they vic-
tualled with tlic flefti of wild goats, which is very
plentiful there, though fcarCc any thing elfc is to be
met with. From hence they purfiied their courfe ;
yet, to avoid arriving too foon at Guinea, on account
of the heats, they ftaid bv the way at the Defert
Ides, but being under an arbitrary dircdlion, from
whence no gooil can proceed, tarried too long. At
length they fell in with the great river of Seftos, on
the coaft of Guinea, where they might have laden
their (hips with the fruit of that country; which is
very hot, and much like a fig, as it grows on the
tree, being full of grains, which arc loofc within
the co.l, having a hole through the middle. This
kind of fpicc is very much ufed in cold countries, and
may be fdld to great advantage, in exchange for other
wares: but the men, by the perfuafion, or rather
compulfion, of this trngical captain, letting light by
that commodity, in comparison of the fine gold
they thirfted after, faiUd ico leagues further, till
they came to the Golden Lands, where, without at-
tempting to appronrh the king of Portugal's caftlc,
fituate on the river Mina, they ibkl their wares on
this fide, and beyond it, for the gold of that country,
to the quantity of 150 pounds weight; and niiglit
have h.id gold in exchange for their whole cargo, if
Pinteado's advice could have taken place. But Wind-
ham, though there was gold enough where he was,
wouhl needs go farther, and commanded Pinteado
(for folic took upon him) to carry the fhips to Benin,
150 leagues beyond, under the line, where he pro-
pofed to have them laden with pepper ; Pinteado con-
iidering the late time of the ye;ir, advifcd him not to
go cllcwhcre, but to (lay and dii'pofe of the remainder
Vol.. 1. N" 2;.

of the goods for gold ; but Windham rcfufod.* Pin- 1553

tcado's view was to preferve the men, well knowing > <—

their lives would be in great danger, either if they
got thither too late, or too foon, they were to meet
with the Rofia, which is their winter, not for cold,
but for fmotliering hiat, with clofo and cloudy air,
and ftormy weather, of fuch putrifylng quality, that
It rotted the very clothes on their backs. If tliey ar-
rived too foon, then they were to fear the fcorching
heat of the fun, which was the real'on of their linger-
ing by the way. 'I'luis was he forced agtiinft his will,
to bring the (hip to the river of Benin. Mere calling
anchor, they fent their pinnace up the river fifty o'
rixiy le.igucs ; where Captain Pinteado, Krancifco, a
Poriuguofe, Nicholas Lambert, a gentleman, and
other meuhants landing, they were conduiited to the
court ten leagues from thence. Being arrived, thty
were brought amidft a crowd of people, to the king's
prefencc. He was a black Moor, (idthough not i'o
black as the reft) and fat on a great hill, long and.
wide : the walls were made of earth, without win-
dows ; but in the roof, which was of thin boards,
werefevcral openings, like funnels, to let in the air.
— The king is lerved with great flate ; his noble-''''"= ^'"i''
men never look him in the face, but fit covered ^'^'
with their elbows upon their knees, and their
hands before their faces, nor dare lift up their eyes,
until his majelly commands them. When they ap-
proach him, as foon as they come in view, they af-
fume the fame pollute, and when they retire, go creep-
ing backwards with like reverence, it being a crime to
turn their backs upon him.

" The king at firll caiilcd them to ftand up, and
then in Portuguefe, (which he had learned from his
infancy) he demaiidtd the caufe of their jcoming,
1 hey aniwered hv I'inteado, that they were mer-
chants, and came to exchange the commodities of
their own country for thole of his. The king then
defired him to look at 30 or 40 quintals of pepper,
which had lain a long time in his Itorehoufes, and to
bring a fample of their merchandifes ; thereupon he
lent fome of his people to condudfl the captain and
merchants to the water-fide ; and others to fetch tho
wares from the pinnace to the court. When they
were returned, and the wares fcen, the king agreed
with the merchants to provide in 30 days the lading of
all their fliips with pepper ; and, in cafe their goods
(hould fall (hort of the value, he offered to give them
credit till their next return. He forthwith fent the if

country round to _^athcr pepper, fo that in thirty
days no lefs than So tons were brought to the court.
In the mean tim?, the Fnglilh having no command of
themfelves, cat of the fruits, and drank the palm-wines
to exctfs J neither could they be kept from running
continually into the water to cool their bodies, melt-
ing with the heat of the climate ; fo that not being
ufed before to fuch fiidden and violent alterations, it
brought on fwcllings and agues, towards the latter
end of the year, whereby three or four, and fomc-
times five, died in a day. Windham finding his men
drop oft-" fo fad, as foon as the 30 days were expired,
fent to Captain Pinteado and the reft, to come away
forth« ith i they let him know by letter, what.a quan-
tity of pepper they hatl procured, and that they daily
expcdled as much more, defiring him not to hurry
them, confidcring what reputation they fhould gain,
in cafe they (hould make a profperous voyage, ami
how fhameful it would be to return without full lad-
ing. But Windham, not fatisiied with this anfwer,
ana the mortality continuing amongft the men, fent
ihem word that if they did not come away inftantly,
he would leave them behind. Hereupon Pinteado,
thinking to perfuade him by reafon, returned t<f the
(hips, being conduifled thither by the king's order.
Mean time, Windham, in a rage, broke up Pintea-
4 M do's

• lie fell into a rage, and reviled him, callln? Iiim Jew, and
other nppinliiious names, ra\ing, " Tliis whoiclon Jew hath
piumitcd in Uiing ui tu fucli I'lac^ y, ire not w bi; founJ, or he

csnnnt bringusto: but if he do net, I will cut off his cars,
and nail them to the mall."

. i '1;'

iij

'iff
< ! }

' i\

3'4

VOYAGES O-r THE E N G L I S 1^

'553-

Windham't

ricatli.

io't cakia and cImAs, fpoiled fuch cold diftilled wa-
ter! and other things a* lie had provided for his health*
and left him nothine either of inftriunenta to (ail by,
or apparel. Then falling Tick himfelf died alfo : for
all thU, Pintaado, when he came on board, lamented
his death as much as if he had been his beft friend.
Yet fevtral, both of the mariners and officers, fpit in
his face, feme calling him Jew, faying, he had
brought them thither to deftroy them, and others
drawing their fwords on him, oftered to kill him.
Thcv infifted to leave the coaft, he defired them only
t« ftay till thofe who were at court fliould return
fiom thence ; but they would not grant this rcaueft.
Th«B he intreated them to let him have the ihip-boat,

with a piece of an old fail, promlfing therewith to

bring the reft into England."— Finding all he faidwas

in vain, he wrote to ac()uaint the merchants with

what bad happened i alTuting them, in cafe he lived

to return, forthwith to fetch them. As for Pintcado

himfelf, after being kept on board againft his will,

he was thruft amone the cabin-boys, and worfe ufed

than any of them, being glad to find favour at the

cook's hand.* Having lunk one of their fhips for want

of hands, they departed, and fix or (even days after,

Pinteadu died, heart-broken with his hard ufagc ; Pintcado die^

and of 140 men, Icarcc forty retyrned to Plymouth, "' K"«''

of whom alfo many died.

VOYAGE TO GUINEA, IN 1554, BY CAPTAIN JOHN LOCK.

Tha
out.

TH £ adventurers in this voyage, were Sir George
Barne, Sir John York, Thomas Lock, An-
thony Hickman, and Edward Caftlclin.
(leetftj ^^ '*** '"'' °^ Oftobcr, 1754, they left the
Thames with three good fhips, the Trinity 140
tons ; the Bartholomew, 90 -, and the John the
Evaiigelift, 140. There were likewife two pinnaces,

t whereof one was loft on the coaft of England)
laving ftaid at Dover fourteen days, and at Rye,
three or four ; they laft of all touched at Dartmouth,
and (hence proceeding, the firft of November, at
nine at night they fetonF, the Start, bearing Ibuth-weft,
and by the third, about noon ran fixty leagues.

" On the 17th, in the morning, they had fight of
l^iadiira, which iii luc noiih liufth-call part, ipycui
very high; and to tlie fouth fouth-eaft, is a low
long land, and a long point, with a faiUle through
the middle of it, ftanding in thirty-two degrees in
the weft part, they faw many fprings of water,
defcending from the mountain : alfo feveral white
fields, like corn fields, and fome white houfes to the
fouth-eaft. The top of the mountain feemed very
ragged ; and in the north-eaft part they faw a
bay, rvfembling a harbour : alio a rock at a little
diitance from the (hore; and over the faid bay
was a great gap upon the mountain.— On the
iqth* at noon, they had fi'^ht of the Ifle of Palms,
Teneriffe, and the Canaries. I'he firft, (which
lies in twenty-eight degrees) rifet round, and ex-
tends fouth-eaft and north-weft ; the north-weft part
it loweft. In the fouth it a round hill ovtr the head-
land; and another round hill in the land. Between the
fouth-eaft part of Madeira, and the north-weft part
of Palm ifle, are fifty-fiiven leaguet; their ^ourfe
fouth and fouth by weft, fo that they had fight of
Teneriftie, a^id the Canariet ; the fouth part of the
Ifle of Palms is diftant from the north north-eaft of
Tenerife, twenty leagues north-weft. Tenerifle and
the great Caiurie» called Gran Canaria, and the
weft part of Forteventura, ftand twenty-feven degrees
and a half. Gomcra is a fair iflaiid, but very ragged,
and lieth weft fouth-weft of Teneriffe ; and the courfe
in failing between them fouth bv eaft. In the fouth
part of Gomera is a towa, and good road for flkips ;
it ftands in twcnty-fcven deereet and forty-five
minutes. TeQerifte is high land, with a great high
peak likea fugar-loaf, whofe top is covered with (how

* It ippcars lhi( afcer tliis rentlemin had )^en long impri-
foned hy the king, he was releated on lh« rcprefcntuion o< that
prince's confcflbr, a );rey friar, who made known his inaoctncci
that it was poverty, and aot any crime, wliich obllKcd liim to
Jeare liis country i that the king, repeniiiig of tiif leveritjr
towards Uiiiii iiy letters patent, dated the Kotli of September,
icji, in connileration uf his good icctrice, made him aKnight
' ' «alwa •( 7<

•f lut huBlltsU, wiUiipca

7«o icet (or t« fttUinija}

throughout the year : by this mark it may be known
above all other iflands. Here they were becalmed on
the aoth of November, from fix in the morning till
four in the afternoon. — On the aid, under the Tro-
pick of Cancer, the fun fets weft by fouth, upon the
coaft of Barbary, twenty-five leagues north of Cape
Blake, three leagues from ihore, there arc fifteen
fathoms, no ftreams, and good (helly ground mixed
with fand ; alfo fmall iflands in twenty-two degrees

twenty minutes From Gomera, they failed louth

by eaft 100 leagues, to Cape de los Barbas, in
twenty-two degrees and a h.ilf. All that coaft is
very flat, with fixteen or feventecn fathom water ;
and from that cape, till within feven or eight leagues
of the river del Oro ; is frequented by £pani;:(U3 M'.d
Poituguefe, who trade for lifli during tlie month of
November.

" From thence they fteered fouth fouth-weft, and
foutli-wcft by fouth, till they came into twenty
devices and a half, reckoning themfelvcs fcven leagues
oft fliorc, and there were the coaft fhoals of Cape
Blake. Then they went fouth till they got into
thirteen degrees, and by eftimation, twenty-five
leaguet oft'. They difcovered the Crolicrs when thty
were in fifteen degrees, and might have done it
fooner, if they had looked for them. Thufe conftcl-
lations arc not right a-crofs in November, by realon
that the nights are ftiort there ; nevcrthelefs they had
fight of them the 29th of the fame month.— On the ift
of JJecember, being in thirteen degrees, they pro-
ceeded fouth by eaft, till the fourth at noon, when
they were in nine degrees twenty minutes, and by
eftimation thirty leagues weft-fouth-wcft of the fhoala
o( the Rio Grande, which are thirty leagues long.
On the 4th, being in fix degrees thirty minutes, they
began to fet theur courfe fouth-eaft. I'he 9th, they
directed it eaft-fouth-eaft ; and the 14th, eaft, being
then in five degrees thirty minutes, and by computa-
tion thirty-fix leagues from the coaft of Guinea.
On the 19th, they failed eaft by north, feventecn
leagues diftant from Cape Menl'urado, which bore
eaft-north-eaft, and the river Seiio eaft.— On the
2ift, they fell in with Cape Menfurado, to the fouth-
eaft, about two leagues off, which rifing like thc*-^!" Mcula-
head of a porpoifc j may be cafily known ; it (lands '*''''■
nearly in fix degrees. Alfo to the fouth-eaft there
are three trees, the eaflernmoft is the highcfi, the

middlcmoft

1 month, and an aliayre (or half bulhel) of barley at lonz
as he kept a liorfc.

This patent is to be found !n Hakluyt't Colttftion. Not-
withilandiitg thole fiundly overtures, howe?er, Pintcado durd
D«« venture Mme, not fo much as to convcrfe with his country
men, nnlefs in company with others i bccaufe he hail privu*
Intimation given htm, that tlicy intended i* murder hiiu, af
ihcyceulil but fini t profcr opportunitjr.

■■■ki

to GUINEA ANt> THT! EAST INOIES.

uciido die^
grUi,

Kio Dolce.

Sbttrgro.

Pqrt St. VJB'
«tat>

pc Meofa-

middlemoft tike a hay-ilack, and the fouthermoft
rcreniblet a gibbet : upon the main are four or five
very high hills riling one after another like round
hillocks, and to the fouth'-^aft of the three trees,
the whole coall is a white fand. — On the 2zd, they
^ivet Ssilo, came to the river Scfto, and remained there till the
agth. From hence they fcnt before them the pinnace
to the Rio Dolce, that they might have thebeeinning
of the market, before the coming of Jolin the
Evangelift. — In the river of Sefto, they had a ton
of grains. From whence to Rio Dolce, in fivedeg.
thirty minutes, are twenty-five leagues. The rivi-r of
Sefto is eafy to be known by a Icd£,ii of rocks on the
fouthi-eaft part of the road. And at the entrance of
the haven, there are fix trees that bear no leaves.
This is good harbour, but very narrow at the mouth,
where tl^re is a rock jull as you enter. All the coaft
between Cape De Monte, and Cape De las Palm.is,
lies fouth-ealt by eaft, and north-weft by weft, being
three Leagues off the fliore; and you fliall have in
fpme plact'«, rocks two leagues ofF, and that between

the river of 3efto and De las Palmas. From the

liver of Scfto to the river Dolce, are twenty-five
league;, and the high land between, which begins
eight leagues from the former, is called Cakeado ;
to the foukii-caft, whereof is a place called Shawgro,
andanolhir Shyawe, where you may get frcfh water,
OfF Shyawe lies a ledge of rocks, and to the fouth-
eaft a head-lanJ, called Croke, between which and
Cakeado, are nine or ten leagues. To the fouth-eaft
hereof, is a harbour called St. Vincent, right over
againft which, there is a funk rock, two leagues and
a half from (hore. To the fouth-eaft of that rock,
there appears an ifland about three or four leagues
4iftant, and not above one from th^ coaft eaft-fouth-
eaft of the illand, is a rock, that rifes above the
water, and the entrance of the river Dolce, which
thereby may be known. The north-weft fide of the
haven is flat fand ; the fouth-eaft fide refembles an
ifland, and is a bare plot without any trees, fuch as is
not any whcreelfe. Ships ride in fourteen or fifteen
fathoms, good ooee and land -, beine the marks of the
road to bring the ifland and the nortn-eaft land toge-
ther. Here they anchored the laft of December. —
On the third of January, they failed from the river
Dolce.*

•» On the 12th of January, they came to a town
called Samma, eight leagues eaft-north-eaft from
Cape Trcs Puntas. In the way, i$ a great ledge of
rocks far out at fea. They continued four days at
that town, the captain whereof would needs have a
pledge: accordingly one was fent (being .Sir John
York's nephew) whom, when they had received
they detained, and wrould traffic no more, but (hot at
them with their ordinance, whereof they have only
two Qr three pieces.*— On the i6th, they came to a
place called Cape Corea, where Captain Don John
dwelleth, whofe men entertained them friendly.
This cape is four leagues eaftward of the caftle of
Mina, where thcv arrived the i8th, and made fale of
all their cloth, faviug two or three packs. — On the
26th, they failed forward to the Trinity, which was
about (even leagues eaftward of them, where fhi
fold her wares ) and advifed them to go eaftward of
that eight or nine ieaeues, in order to (eR more in
two other places. The firft called Perckow, the
fartheft Perckow Grande. This laft may be known
by a great touud hill^ njinied Mont Rodondo, lying

»5S+

famma town.

Cape Corea.
Mina caftle.

^rekow
Oriudc.

* Cafc lie las Palntat, is a fair liigli land, but on the call
fi4e theie are fome low placet bv the ilinre, which look tike
■fd elitTi, with wliite drca|(i, rcrtmblina lu||b W4TI> Mfh (be
length qf a cjlJc' Tli^ cape U the famheraiwpft Und in all
the coad of Guinea, and (laudcth in four deprees one third.
The coaA from Cape ilc las falmts to L'a|ie dc tret Puntas, is
(air and clear, wiiliaut lockt or oilirar danger, and twHty>fire
lcag««> fr<«n ih« iutnxr e^pf- I'lie Uvd i> hifjlKr tliin any
oihct place, till yuu cum* to the f.iii,er, alHiut ten leapuat
(holt of which i' iile» j:radually all tlic way tliiihert likewife
five league! bcliiic >ou ceiuc to k to the aonlt-weil, there it

near it on the weft, and by the water fide ire many

high palm trees.— From hence they fet forth home- v "'.

ward the 13th of February, and plied up along till

they came within feven or eight league* of Cape Tres

Puntas.—

" On the fifteenth, about eight «t night, they
caft about to feaward. — In returning from the
coaft of Mina, be fure make your way eood weft;
as far as Cape da las Palmas ; where the current
fets wefiward, and within twenty leagues eaftward of
that cape, you may have frefh water, and baliaft
enough, with plenty of ivory, or elephants teeth^
at the river De los Patos, which is in four degrees, _. . .
and almoft two thirds, and when you reckon yo'X'fc'^p^'
as far (hot as the cape, being in a degree, or a di^ree
and a half of latitude, you may go weft, and wtft
by north till you come into three degrees, and then
you may go weft north weft, and north weft by weft*
till you come in five degrees; after which proceed
north-weft. In fix degrees they meet with northerly
winds, and great ruiHing tides, the currents tending*
as they judged, to the north north-weft, moreover^
between Cape de Monte and Cape Verde, there run
great currents, which deceive many.— The 22d of
April, they were in eight degrees ; and fo they ran
to the north weft, having the wind at north eaft, and
eaft north caft, and fomctimes at eaft, till May day,
that they came into eighteen degrees twenty minutes
and fo from eighteen degrees forty minutes, they ha4
the wind at eaft, and eaft north-eaft, and fometimes
at eaft fouth-iiafi ; and they reckoned the iflands of
Cape Verde to lie to the eaft fouth-eaft, forty-eight
leagues off. In twenty and twenty-one degrees, they
had the wind more cafterly to the fouthward than
before ; and fo they ran to the north-weft, and north
north-weft, and fometimes north by weft and north,
till they came into thirty-one degree* north, where
they reckon themfelves 180 leagues fouth-weft by
fouch, off the ifland of De los Mores ; and there
meeting with the wind at fouth fouth-eaft, fct their
courfe north-eaft.

In twenty-three degrees, they had the wind at
fouth and fouth-weft, and then they fteered north
north-eaft, till they came into forty degrees, after this
they bore north-eaft, the wind being at the fouth-weft,
and the ifland Flores fcvenleen leagues caft of tltem. IfUad Flor«.
In forty-one degree?, they met with the wind at
north-eaft, and ran north-weftward. Then it blew
weft-north-weft, and at the weft within Rx leagues,
they running towards the north-weft, pr^ntly they
caft about and lay at north-eaft, till they came into
forty-two degrees, where they fet their courfe eaft
north-eaft, judging the ifle of Corvo to be tliirty-fix
leagues diftant, fouth by weft. — The 21ft of May,

thirty-nine degrees and a half.— —On the fourth of
September, under nine degrees, they loft fight of the
north ftar : and in forty-five degrees, the compafs
varied eight decrees to the weft. In forty degrees it
varied fitteen degrees in the whole: and in thirty

degrees and a half, five degrees to the weft .Two

or three days before they came to Cape Tre*
Puntas, the pinnace went along the fliore, thinking
to fell fome wares ; fo their (hip caft anchor three ot
four leagues weft by fouth of the cape, where they
left the Trinity, and their pinnace came aboard for

certain broken ground, and twe greit rocka j within which in
(he bite of a bay, is a cadle called Arra, belonging to the
king of Pvrtugal, eafily known by the rocki thai lie off it,
there bcinenoDC fuch from Cape tie lai HaliDas to Cape Tree
Puntas. Tills coad lies call by north, and weft by foutli.
from Cape de lat I'almat to Arra, arc ninty-fivc leagues 1 and
the coaft from that caftle to the wcftermoft point of Trcs
PMntat, lilt 'foutli eaft by fouth, and north-weft by north.
Tills wcftetnrooft point is a low land, riinoini; out half a mil^
into the fea 1 alfo upon the inncrmoft neck, lu the landward, it
a tuft of tract s and there they arrived on the i ith of January.

,i6

VOYAGES OF THE ENGLISH

I" '

1541 more goods. Tlicy tuld liim, they would go to a

V * — V— ' place rich in gold, where the Frimrolc liad taken in a

^ conlidcrablc quantity in the firft voyagp. He tearing

^' a brigantinc,, that was then upon iiK oviiA, tullowcd

them, leaving the I nnlty about fuiir leagues behind.

They rode betoru that town I'uur ilnys ) lu that iVIni-

tin, by his owndcfirc, and content of Ibme of the

cpnimi/Tioners that were in tlic pinnace, went on

Ihorc : and John Berin went tu trade at the town of

Samma, already mentioned.

The ibips brought home this time 400 pound
weight and odd of gold, of 12 carrats and one grain
In nninefs; alfo thirty-five buti of grains (Guinea
f' »b pepper) and about 250 elephants teeth of difi'cr-

••■■ cnt fizes. They mcafured fomc of nine fpans in
length, as they were bent ; others were as thick as a
man's thigh, and weighed about 841b. weight a- piece.

The Nigriti« (or Negros) poflPI's a great part of
Africa) extending weftward to the ocean, and tbuth-
ward to the river Nigritis (or Niger) which incrcafet
anddiminifhcsat the fame time with the Nile; and
produces the fame kind of animals, as crocodiles ; for
which reafon, Ldcn takes it for that called by the
Portuguefe Senega. Thofe who made the voyage
confirmed what is here reported of this lall river,
yir. That on one lide the inhabitants arc tall and
iilack, and on the other (IJc low of ilature and
tawny.

As to the manners and nature of the people on the
Guinea coafts, their princes and noblemen pounce
and raife their ticins in different figures, like flowered
damadc ; and although they go in a manner all naked,
yet many of them, efpccially their women, are, as it
were, ladeit with collars, bracelets, hooks and chains,
either of gold, copper or ivory. Imyfclf, (fays my au-
thor) faw 6nc of their ivory bracelets, weighing 38
6unccs : it was m.ide of one whole piece of. the
thickcft part of the tooth, turned and fomewhat
carved, with a hole in the midft, to let the hand
through. Some wear one on each arm and leg, where-
with thev ire often fo gauled, as to become in a man-
ner lame ; yet they will by no means leave them off.
Some wear alfo on their legs, great (hackles of bright
copper, which they think to be no lefs comely. They
likcwife make ufc of collars, bracelets,, gurlandi and
girdles of certain blue (lones like beads. Some of
■*" ' their women wear on their bear arms, cert.iin forc-
/Icevcs, made of plates of beaten gold, and on their
fingers rines of goUI wire, with a knot or wreath,
like that which children make in rulh-rings.

Among other things of gold which the Eoelifli had
in exchange, were certain chains .ind colars for dogs.
They were very wary in bargaining, ;ind would not
lofe the leaft fparic of'^gold. They have weights and
mcafurej, and are very circumfpca in them. Who-
ever would deal with them ri'.utt behave civilly ; for
they will not traffic if they arc ill ufed. In the firft
voyage it happened, that one of the Englifli failors
ftole, or took away by force, a Muflc or Civet cat
from the place they firft touched at, never imagining
that a fraud committed in one place would hinder
their trading in another. But although they made

what haflc they could to the port they next de*f^«l
for, yet the ntw» of the injury got thtte bcifore them,
which (o ort'cnded the inh«bitaiits, th.1t they would
bringdown no wares to ttw fen-fidc, till fuchtimc as
the aggrcflbrs had eithcr.rcftored tl>e cat, or payed for
her at their own price. — 'i'hcir houfes .-ire made of
four polls or trees, and aovercd with boughs. Their
common food is roots, and fifh, whereof they have
great plenty. Among the reft is the flyinefifh, like
thofe in the Weft Indian fcas. The Englim intended
to lay in provifion of their fifh, but found they would
not take fait ; forae fay they muft be eaten forthwith 9
yet others affirm, that being failed immediately after
they arc taken, they will keep tcnortwelvedays. — But
what is more llrange, we ate told part of the fleflj they
carried out of England, which putrified there, became
fwect again at their return into the temperate cli-
mate. Their }>rcad is made and baked in this manner :
they grind with their hands between two ftoncs, *\
luch corn as they think may fufficc the family ; anA
having thus brought it to Hour, make thereof very,
thin dough, which they ftick upon I'ome poft of their
houfes, where it is baked by the heat of the fun,-
and lies till they take it down to eat. Th^ have,
very good wheat, the ear whereof is two handfuls in
length, and ns large as a great bulrufti, being almoft
four inches about, where thick<:ft. The ftem or
ftraiv feems near as thick as a man's little finger ; the
wheat itfclf is round likepeafe, and /ery white, (hining
like pearls, that have loft their luftrue. Almoft the
whole fubliancc turns into flour, making little or no
bran. Here were counted in one ear a6o grains<
The car is inclofed in three blades, each larger than
itfelf, and two inches broad : and by this fertility,
the fun feems in part to make amends tot all the great
inconveniences the natives incur from its intenfe
heat. Their drink is either water, or the juice
which drops from the cut branches of the barren
date trees, called Palmatos ; to receive which, they
hang either great gourds on the laid branches every
evening, or clfe fet them underneath the trees, that
the drops may fall therein till morning. They fay
this liquor taftcs like whey, but fomething more fweet
and pleafant. They cut the branches in the evening,
becaufc they are clofcd by the heat in the day. They
have alfo great beams as big as chefnuts, and very
hard, with a ihell infteadof a hufk. — When the Englifh
came home, they found the keels of their fliips quite
covered with certain fhclls, more than two inches in
length, and wide enough to put one's thumb in. The
author law the - Primrofe in the dock covered with
them, which, in his opinion, muft have hindered her
failing. They affirm, that in thefe there grows cer-
tain flimy fuSftances, which at length, flippineout
into the lea, become thofe fowls which we call Bar-
nacles. I'he like fhells have been feen on (hips re-
turning from Ireland, but not more than half an
inch in length. Their fliips wxrc alfo ir. fbveral parts
eaten with worms, which creep between the planks,
and cat through in many places.

This was o-'.Lof the carlicft voyages of our coun-
trymen to thofe parts.

nrlt

.11:- 1

VOYAGE

TO THE COAST

.^j>»•'-!i.) v">J;»>^ W1.I

OF GUINEA

BY WILLIAM T O W N S Q N.

ON Monday, the i3ih of September, they left
Newport Haven, in the Ifle of \Vight, with
two good, (flips, the H::rt and Hind, both of Lon-
don. The maftcrs were John Ralph and William
Carter, being bound to the River de Seftos in Gui-
nea, and other ports thereabouts. The wind was fo

■ . s ., .... - . .

various, that it was the 14th of OiStober, before they
could reach the road of Dartmouth, where having
continued fix days, the aotb they warped out, and
fet fail, dire^ing their courfe fouth-wcft, and next
morning they had run, by eftimation, thirty leagues.
On the firft of November they found tbcmfelves in 31
^ dcgrK*

i ' it :

TO GUINEA AND THE EAST INDIES.

3'7

drgreesof latitude, by the reckoning of their mafltr,
and r.in this J.ij about 40 leaguis. On the 3J they had
. fight of Porto Santo, which is a fniall ifland in 38
deg. fouthlat. about three leagues Umg, and one and
an half broad, poflKfcd by the I'ortui.uefe. It ap-
peared to them, coming from the north north-«eif,
like two finall lull;, mar logcthLf. The ealt land is
a high land, like a laddie, caufcd by a valley. The
wed end is lower, with certain finall Knind hillocks.
The fame day at eleven, they law the ifland of Ma-
deira, 12 le.i'giies from Porto Sanlo. 'I'owards the
fouth-well the land is fair and fruitful j it is inhabited
by Portugucfe. It appears at a conlidtrable dillance
like great whole land, and high. By three o'clock in
the afternoon, tlity were oppofite Porto Santo, and
bore foulh-wtll to leave M.ideirato the ealt. About
three in the morning they were with''i three leagues oi
the well end of Madeii.i, ;.nJ, by means of the high
hills there, were becalmed j h;iving ran by compu-
tation, 33 leagues ill the whole. The Cih in the
morning, they raifed the iflc of Teneriffc, other-
wife c;illed the Pike, K-caufc it is a very h'^h id.ind,
with a pike (or peak) on the top, like a fiij,ir-lo;;t". The
fame night they faw Kleof Palnia, which is liigh alfo,
and to the welt of TcnerilVe. 'I'lie 7th they per-
ceived the iil.'.iid of Gomcra, which lies between
Tentriffc and Palma, about 12 leagues ealhvard of the
latter, and eight l-jagues to the weftward of the former j
but for fear of being becalmed by this, they left both
iflcs to the talf, and palled betwixt Palma and Go-
mcra ; having ran this day and niuht, 30 leagues.*

This day alfo they had fight of r'crro, which is 13
Icasrucs to the f^/Uthward of the other illands, and is
polVelled by the Spaniards. All this day and night,
by reafon of the wind, they could not double the
point of Ferro, except they had gone to the weftward
of it, which would have been much out of their
way i wherefore they tacked about, and ran back five
hours, call north-eall, to the end they might double it
upon the next board, the wind continuing kmth-eaft,
a thing that li:idoni happens upon that coall ; for the
wind blows there for the moO p;irt, north-calf, and
eaft north-eaft; fo upon the oiher bonrd, by next
morning, they were in with the illand, and had
room enough to double the fame. The 12th thi-y
faw a fail under their lee, which they took for a filh-
erman, and meant to have fpoken with him ; but an
hour after there rofe fuch a f<i_:^, that tliey could nei-
ther fee the Ihip, nor yet one another ; they (hot oft"
divers pieces to the Hind, but Ihe heard them not.
Ill the afternoon, thev (hot off a piece which the Hart
heard, and anfwered with another. Half an hour
after, the fog broke up ; and they found themfelves
within four lia;;ues of the Barbary (hore, in 14 fa-
thoms water : the bark alfo came and anchored with
them, by reafon of the contrary wind. When they
fell in with the land, they could not juftly tell what
part it was, beeaufe of that coaft being low land, one
has nothing to judge by, but the fhore itfelf, which is
white like chalk or fand, and very deep to the ftraiid.
By the pilot's reckoning, they were 16 leagues to the
eaft of the river del Oio. Here they immediately be-
gan to filh, and found great llore of what the Portu-
guefe commonly filh for upon that coatt, which they
called Pcrgollis, and the Trench Saders ; but the
Knglifli, Salt-water Breams. During the fog, the
Ihip which thev follnwcd Uecred fuch acourfe^ that
they could lee iier no more, by reafon of the (hooting
oft" lo find thi- Mind again. The 13th, in the after-
noon, the H.irt law a fail making towards them,
which theyjudged to be the fail they faw the day be-
fore. The captain ordered the Hind to weigh anchor,
and (all up to her, and mniuud out the (kift, either to
lay her aboard, or tu dileern what (be was. The
Hart alfo weighed in half an hour, but the vellel
perceiving thrm, tacked about, and (hortly after there
fell luch another fiig, which continuing all night, they

• Tlif fe ifljralb are tixty lestuck fiuai ihJeirj.
Vol. I. N- lii.

were conftrainedto leave the chace. Thii afternoon
the wind came about, and they bore louth-well, to
get clear of the coaft. They 1 an that night fixteen
feaguts. The 14th in the morning was very togiiv ;
but about 12 o'clock, they efpied a caraval ol 60 tons,
tilhiiig, and lent their Ikitl's to her with five mm.
■('lie caraval, for hafte, let (lip her anchor, and let
fall, wliich they feeing, luiifued her, though with-
out any weapons ; and in the end, overtaking, made
a prize of her, and brou-ht her aw;iy, aUhough there
were 14 or hfteen men on board, all with aims, but
they had not courage to refill. Being come to anchor
near the Hart, the captain caufcd the fliifl' lo ccjme
for him, and went on board to fee that no h n ni (hould
be done them, nor any thing taken but w hat they
were williirg to fp.ire for money i fo th'; Lngliih had
of them three tapnets of li::s, iwo fniall pots of oil,
two pipes of w.tter, four Iriglheads of f.:lt-li{li, which
they had taken upon the eoall, and certain tVeih fiih
which they did not efteem, beeaufe tli^rc is fuch
plenty upun thai coaft, that in an hour, and fomc-
times lef , a man mav take as mueh as will ferve 20
for a day. r"or thele thinjs, and foniMvi:,;, whicii
was drank on board, and three or four prcat cans,
which ih.y had f.nt to the ihip^, the c.ip'ain paid
them 27 piltiiles, which was iwiee as niueli as they
would willingly have take-n i and luiped them to get
up their anchor and table whicii iney ha.l let flip.
After this, they fet la'1, but the windcaufed them to
anchoragun, about 12 leagues otf ii.e river del tjro.
Ihere were five caravals more in this place ; but on
fight of the fleet they all made off.

On the 12th of December they h.id fight of the
coaft of fr!ulnea, which as foon as they law, they
hauled into the land, north-taft, luul about twelve
o'clock at night, came within le<'s than two leagues
of the fliore, then tatked about, and found eighteen
f*thi.ms water. Afterwards they law a light towards
the (hore, which tlivy took for a iliip, and thereby
judging it to be tlie river de Seftus, forthwith call
anchor, armed their tops aneL nude ail things ready
to fight, not knowing but it might be fome Portu-
gucfe or Fienehmen ; but in the morning, feeing no
vellel, they judged tile light came from (liore, Aliout
two Knglidi miles from thtni, they fpied four rocks,
one great, and three finall. ihcn they proceeded
eaft foulh-eaft along the fliore, bec.iufe thcmafter did
not know well the jilace, though ihey were not fo
far eaft as the river of Seftos. All this land is low,
and full of very high trees "along the (hore; fothat it
is not pollible to know whereabouts one is, except by
the latitude. In tlitfe 24 hours, they ran 16 leagues j
for all the night they had a great gale, with much
thunder and lightning. The 13th, for the moif part,
they ran eaft fouth-eaft, two leauues from the coaft,
and found the land full of woods, and great rocks
clofe to the (hore, againft which the fea beat violently,
the waves breaking as white as fnow, and mounting
fo high, that they might eafily be difccrncd four
leagues oft', in fuch a manner, that no boat ccnild land
there. At noon they took tlie altitude e f the fun,
and judged themfelves to be 24 leagues to the eaft
of the river de Seftos j therefore they itood tow aids
land, and anchored within two miles of iliorc, in 15
fathoms water, where the lea was fo finooth that they
might have rid by a hawl'er. That afternoon they
trimmed the boat, that thev might go along Iv the
ftiore to fcek foinc place to V ater in, for they i.uld
not turn back again to the river e!e Sei.is, bieuife
both wind and current is always contrary, the latter
running continually eaftward. The i.^ h, th>y went
back again along the coali, and abcnit iiuoii, the boats
found a watering-place. Being far out at lea, they
met with diver^ boats of the country, fniall, long,
and narrow, with only one man in each, to whom
they gave bread, which they were very glad of.
About four o'clock, their boats cime to them with
frclh water, and this night tluy anclioied againft a
river. The 15th, they weighe\l, and fet fail to go
near the Ihure. They founded all the way, and found
4 N fome

"555

3'8

VOYAGES OF THE ENGLISH

I5SS

Manner
tiadic.

fomctimes rocks, fomctimcs fair ground ; anil nrvcr
Icfs tliaji (even fathom water. Within a mile cf
fhorc, they met with liven fallioms anj a lialt J and
there anchored In a manner litt'orc the mouth oC the
river: it is called St. Vincent in the charts; and
about a mile up it the boats found very good wator.
This river lies in four degrees and a half, and is by
ettimation, eight lea:;ues beyond the Scftos : but it is
fo hard to find, that a boat fhall not difccrn it at
half a mile diliance, btcaufe the entrance is quite
hidden by a ledge of locks ; which being much broader
than the river, a boat mult run in a good day betwixt
the rocki and the fhore, before it comes at the mouth.
But the river itfelf is very large, and divers others fall
into it i however the entrance is fomewhat inconve-
nient, bccanfe the fea runs pretty high j but being
once within, it is calm as the Thames. This fliore
is inhabited near the fca, by a very large kind of
people, who go all naked; ixcept a clout to cover
their nakcdnels, about a quarter of a yard Ions, made
of the bark of trees, which will fpin fmall, after the
manner ol' linen ; fome wear the like u|)on their
heads, painu.) with various colours ; but for the moft
part tlicy go bare headed, th?ir hair being clipped,
and fliaved in various manner":, rni.d of them have
thiir fkin raifcd with di\ers works, in manner of a
leather jerkin ; both lexes go alike, (o that the
women cannot be ktiown from the men, but
by the breads, which are generally very ugly and
long.

The fame morning they went into the river with
the fk iff, and c.irrieJ b.ifons, nianillos, &c. and took
that day, one hogflu-.id, and one hundred wcij^lit ol
grains, and two clepli.nuV teeth, at a rcafon.ible rate.
They «cre fond of balons, for each of which,
Ihcy had about thirty pounds weight of giains;
and for an elephant's tooth of thirty pounds weight,
they gave the negroes, fix bafons.

In the morning of the i6th, they carried fome of
every fort of merchandife; but th; natives made light
of them, as well as of the wares they were fo fond of
the day before ; offcrin;; fur bafons what could not
be taltcn ; fo that this day thcv bought not above one
hundred pound weight of grains, by means of the
negro's ca]itain, who would fuffcr none to fell anv
thing but through his hands, at his price. He was
fofubtil; th.it for a b.Tl'on he would not give fifteen
pounds weight of grains, and fomctimcs would niKer
fmall difli-fulls, whereas before thev h.id balkct's
full. ^Vhen he found the Englifli v.ould not take
fuch quantities, he departed with all the boats;
thinking that they would have followed them and
complied with their terms: but perceiving their
drift, they weighed, and went away.

Afterwards, going to land to fee the country,
threcfcorc of them came about the Englifh, of whom
at firft they were afraid; but at length, finding no
harm was done them, grew familiar, and would
cone and t; ke them by the hand. On the other fide
thofe who landed, went into their towns ; which
confided of about twenty fmall hovels covered with
green le.ives and baggage, the fides all open, and a
i'cafibld underneath the houfe, about a yard high,
where they lie and work many pretty tilings out of
the barks of trees; they alio forge handfome darts,
and various indruments of iron to make their boLts,
befidcs other utenfils ; the women labouring as well
as the men. Many of the women to divert their
vififants, danced and fung after their manner, which
was not very agreeable to the ear. 'i'heir fong was
fakere, fakerc, ho, ho, fakerc, fakerc, ho, ho ;
leaping and clapping their hands all the while.
They faw no cattle or other animals among them ;
except two goats, fome little dogs, and fmall hens.
After gratifying their curiofity, they returned on
board : «hen the captain of the fird boat, with
a bafket of grains, by figns invited them to come
again when they had llept, into the river, promifing
plenty of the commodity, a fample of which, they
(hewed the Englifli. On the 17th, in the morning,
5

Mr. Towcrfon fent the mader on fliorc with the reft
of the merchants. When they got into I'le rivet,
the captain, with others cnriie ,uid brought grains.
Not feeing ToAcrfon there, he nuule li^ns to know
where he was, and being anf«cred, tha? he v/.is on
fhip-board, he alked who was the diago or eapt-dn,
for fo they call theirs, ^nd they p(, in ted to the ni:"llcr
of the fliip. Then he began to iliew his ■•i.ii.s,
but held them fo dear, and at the fame time li .! lo
linall a quantity, th.it they took but fifty p>aiiid
weight of them, and cauic away. Then goiiig
afliore at the little town, where thiy were tlie d.iy
before, one of the company plucked a gourd ; whan
fo odcnded the negroes, that many of them cami!
with their d.arts and great targets, aiul made figns to
them to depart; which they did, h:iviMg but one
bow, and two or three fwords. As foon as thev got
on board, the fliips let fail ; but as the uiiid hu:'g iff
the fca, they could not get clear of ccitain rotks,
and therefore cad anchor again.

This country, as far as they could perceive, was
quite covered \<-ith trees, dill'erent from thole of
Europe, and of many forts, with many leaves like
the dock, taller than any man is able lo rcaeli. —
There are certain peale by the ll.i-fide, having lery
great and tall dalks ; one of which the e-.ipt:i!ii
mcafured, and found twenty- fevcn piers long ; th; y
grew upon the fand like trees, and fo near the (e.i,
that fomctimcs it flows into the woods, as the-y
might perceive by the water-marks : in this place tho
trees and all other vegetables are continually i.'rcen ;
likewife the wind blows all day oft' the fca, ;md all
night oft" the l.ind, which the m:idcr wondered at;
but it varied fomctimes. — This iiii;ht, at nine o'elock,
the wind iringing up at calt, (which ordinarily
about til time blew north-north-wed from tho
Ihore) tlu v weighed, and hauled oiK; but the next
morning hauled in .ngain to land, and each fhip took

in fix tons of w.Uer. Mr. Towerfon could noc

perceive that there was gold here, or any thing clfe of
value; the people being fo wild and idl-, that they
miniled nothing. They might gather plenty u(
grains if they would take pains ; but he could not
perceive two .owns in the whole pl.ice. 'I'lierc were
fome fowls in the country, but the people would not
be at the trouble to citch them.

On the i8th, towards night, as they were failing
along the coad, they met with certain boats, which
informed them, that in a river oppofiie lo them, there
were grains to be fold : but they would not go thither,
left the Hind fhould get before them. i his river
has lying before it, three great and five fmall r.Kks;
and on Its bank, dand a great and little tree. 'I'hey
hauled this night, along the coad ten leagues. — On
the 20th, the Hind having anchored by them among
the rocks, and in foul ground, lodafiiiall anchor.
At nron, as thev palled along, theic came a negro,
making figns, that if they would go aihore thev
fliould have grains. Where they anchored at night,
there c imc others with grains, which they (hewed
them, and made figns that they fiiould (lay. In the
night alio, they lighted a fire upcui land, to direct
them where to put adiorc ; the like was done in
divers other places upon the coad, where the natives
faw them anchor. — On the 22d, they ran all dav and
night to double the point Des Palnias, in the whole, ^
fixteen leagues. On the 23d, about thiec o'clock, [."j^
they were thwart of the point; and, before they
paflld the wcdcrmod part of it, faw a great ledre of
rocks, which lie about three leagues wed of it, and
one or more from land. Soon after they had fi;ht (.f
the cadcrmolt part of the Cape, which lies four
leagues from the wederniod part ; and upon the very
corner whereof lie two green plats like padures ;
likewife to ilie wed of the cape, the land part^ lioni
it, as it were a bay, whereby it may bceafily known ;
four leagues beyond there appe.irs a hcad-ljiul ; aiiel
about two leagues farther, the coad forms a great
bay, like the mouth ofaiiver; before which they
cait anchor, and daid all night for fear they Ihould

over-

T.aile
teeth.

n«

tS^i

%^-

TO GUINEA AND THE EAST INDIES.

i'V

T.ade
teeth.

for

over-run a river wlicic tlic I.1II year they hail nil thcii
clcnhaiits uctli.

Being uniler f.\il on the 24t1i, .ibout eight o'clock,
there came C( rt:. ill 111). lis, liun^iny (iri:ill c;;;;s, wliicli
were (dft witlnMit flull . i ;inJ ihey niaJe tluiii lign?,
that wllliin l.uui theiu wa"; liilli water, and guats.
Tlie mailer Il\inkiii;{ it v.as tlie river wnitli thev
fought, call anclu r, and feiit the boat afliore, with
one that kinw the liver, fuiJiiig it was luu the lame,
the bo;it came baei:, -.'".J With cars nn.l lail, went
•TlDnjr Ih.ire. The hait wei;^Iiing ; iliil the like, and
being tliirtevn K-.igues brwuid the Capi', ihe mad.T
thought lie law the ri; ^r, \vh;n indeed tluy were
two miles pall it ; yet the heat came from (liore, and
thole in her faid there «as no river. Ni'tu ithllanJ
ing, they call anchor, and the malK-r goinj; into tli
boat with the captain and live men, went upon the
feareh, and wIkii they lamc m ar the iliore, l;:: pi rceivtd
it was the river tiiey fought loi. They linind the
cnir: nee very diffieii'lr, the fea running high. Hut as
foon as tlicy'h.id entered, fcveul boats can.eaiul fliev.e.1
that they h.id elephants tieih, wliereoflhiy bought
one of about eight pounds weight, andalitll.- one of
one pound. rhen th'- negioe- brought more teeth to
the river-fidci making ligii-, th.it if they would
come next day, they might iiave more. 'I'he)
gave two of their captains a inanillo each, and
returning aboard, lent the li.nd's boat to another
place, where certain boats tliat came from fhore made
figns that there was iVelh water, when they got to
land, they found a town but no river ; yet tlie people
brought them frefti water, and Ihcwtd them an
elephant's tooth, making tlieni figns, that the mxi
Jay they would fell them teeth enough.

[n this place, and three or four Icagius to tin
wcftward, there grows palm-tices along, th (hoie,
from which they make 'heir palm \^'iiie. I'hefe trees
may be eafily dileover'.d ; inioff two leagues ofl", being
very high, while and (Irait ; the biggell Uanding
in the middle. They have no boughs, but only a
round bulh at top, where they bore a hole, a:ul hang
a bottle to receive the juice which runs out cf the

hole, and that Is their wine. The language of

this place, as far as Mr. Towerfon could pireei- 0,
differs not much from the language of that whire tlu)
watered before ; but the people were more civilized
and comely. As to the building and apparel of one
and the other, there was no diffirenee. Here th. y
were fondcft of manillos and margarites ; h.iving no
cfteein for the reft of the things. About nine o'clock,
there came boats from both places with elephant'
teeth J and after they had made .Mr. 'T'owerfon fv/ear
by the water of the fe.i, that he would not hurt them,
three or four ventured into the (hip. Such vii5tuals
as were on board being fet before them, they eat and
drank very heartily : afterwards the KnglKh bought
all their teeth, which were fourteen, ten of which
were fmall. At their going away, thty made figns
for them to come to the town next day. — As the
towns lay three miles afunder, on the 26th, to avoid
lofing time, Mr. To.^crfon difpatchcd the mailer and
two merchants, to one of them, and went himlllf,
with a merchant to the other ; carrying fome of every
fort of goods, and bought twenty finall teetii, at
both places. Ih their abfcnce, the inaftcr of the
Hind had twelve elephants teeth on board, in ex-
change for inanillos ; and this was all their (lock,
except a fmall goat at one place, and five little hens
at the other, which they bought alfo ; and then
returning on board, by one o'clock fet fail, and went

eighteen leagues, (lill within figiit of land On

the 28th, the wind varying, they (lood out to fea;
then changing ag.iln, they returned towards land,
which appeared like a red cliff, round, but not very
high, and cad of that a fmaller, behind which was a
round hun-.mock, and green, which they took to be
trees. They ran not above four leagues in twentjr-

four hours. On the 29th, drawing near (horc,

they perceived a large grove of trees on the top of the
great red clift'i and clifi's of the fame colgur to the

weft of it, as far as they could fee, which, as wdl as
the fliore, were co\ered wiili trees. Thiy could lie
no clid's to the ealt, except cuie ne.ir it, iuij a niilt oil'
a river. 'I'his d.iy and night's run was twelve
leagues.

Thus proceeding, on the ihiid of J.iniiiry in the
morning, they fell in with C'.ip. Ties I'uiit.i-, aiid
in the night (as the pilots laid) pallid by one of the
I'ortuguili- ealtles, eit^lu le.ii;u.s to the u.ll. Tbe
Cape whi.il ftrll lien .ipjH.ui J very high l.mi', giinvn
over with tires. Coming near it, tliey puceiviil two
head-lan<ls, with two b.cvs bitweui, dinelly facing
Ihe well of the three capos. I lie miJ.'lr C.ipe ii,
not above one league dillant from the uill.rn, al-
thou;:!i the charts make it three le.igius. U ght be foio
the middle Cape lies a fmall rock, lii near ih.ii it can-
not be.dillinguiihed from it, unlifs one lie near th--
Iliore. This cape has a great heap of trees upon it,
and being viewed from the ealhvard, there rifes wi.i
I by it, a round green humniock. The third Cipc
about a league beyond the niiddleinoll is a high land,
like to the other two, and betwixt lluiii con. is 01. t .1
little point of lanl, with fevtral roeks dole to the
iliore. This day they aiiehoi d fur fear 01' ovrrfhoot-
ing a town called St. John'-, and ran not above
eight leagues. In the afteit'.o:ii th-re came a ho.;t
Irom (hole, with five men in her ; and went along by
them, as they thought, to oblir\e the flags ; hue
they would not come near them, and after a while
went back. — On the 4lh, in the morning, they law
a ledge of rocks by the (hore j and to the well, two
great green hills joining together, with a hollow
between, like a faddle. The mailer judged that the
.ifore-nanud to*n llood within thole rucks ; but hav-
ing f.nt the boats with good*:, thiy found none. —
About two leagues e.ift of the tv.o hill-, a ledge of
rocks lie out in the fea, almoll two miles, and beyond
that a great bay, which runs in ni)rlli-nor'.h-ia(lj
as the coalldoih i but the firthell pi.iiit of land they
could fee, bore north-ia(l-by-eall. Heyi'iid the
uttermoll he,.d land they law a great red elilr', which
the mailer taking for St. John's town, wi lit thither
with the boat, and found a town on the top of the
hill i from whence the people waved a cloth foi him
to come in, there being a fine bay to the call of the
cliffj after waitilig fonie time, thiy fmt a boat,
with a piece of gold to fheW, about half airowil
weight ; and rnjuired -o know the nieafure and
weight the Knglilh life that tir v might inf.iriii
the', captain. Maviu' ,.vcn thoni a nieal'uri' of two
ells, and a weight r .,vo aiigil', thoy wiiit awav,
and preliiilly came with a me.ifuie of two ells luie
quarter and a h.ilf, and one erul'ado weight of g dd j
making figns that fo much they would give tin' the
like meafure, and kfs they would not have. Finding
after an hours w.iiting, that they could do otherwife,
and underllanding withal, that the bell places were
before them j they depnrted and ran along the (liore,
the boat going a-liead, and h.iving failed about ;t
leagu?, patfed a point with a hdgc of rocks btlore it ;
beyond which the mailer fpied a place, which he faid
pofitively was the town of Don John, and fo it
proved. Night coming on they anchond as near It
as they could. Next morning tluv perceiveil it to
be the fame town, and manned the boats and went
thither, letting fall their grapnel a little way
fiom (hore. Here they waiteil tu o hours, and no
boats came near them j for it feenis the year before,
the I'ortuguefe took a man from them, anil then
drove them from the place, with their guns demoli(h-
ing one half of their town. The Hind's boat went
into the bay, which lieth to the call of ir, and found
a line river. After this, the people waved to them
to come in ; which done, the negros came down,
and made them figns that they h.id gold. But none
would venture on board the boats, probably becaufe
they had none of their own, which the I'ortiiguefe
might have fpoiled. For the Englilh being well
armed thruft the boats heads a(horc ; and then the
captain, who was a grave man, came with his dart

»55S

3^0

V O Y A ^5 E S OF THE ENGLISH

in his liniil, I'.'ik'Miil by fix tall men with il.iiis
and t.ir^tis : iIk- <I.ii!s wire ,ill ot iiim, h.iml-
liirnr ami well pcjjntrd. AlUT tluni cune .inu-
tliir i;irr\ iii^ ihi i..i|i|jin's ftoi)!. The English h.iv-
iir; Ijliiuil iiiiii, 1>\ r.ilciii;;ort ihiir taps, ami bo* -
in;, hi-, liki'iinL' whii thoUfilit nuicli cj( liimliir, iliii
nut nic'.x hiv c,i)i, :iiul li.iiiliy lii'< buil), but I'at him
il>>» n \ Li V ("leninly upon his Kuol. As to his at-
tinJ.mN, thiy put nH' their caps ami boni\l. II.
w.is ilo.iihv'J, Ir.'iii his waill iloHiuvaiiJs, uiih a
I'lothof lli.it I'lunuv's ni.inur.ielure ur.ippiJ about
liiin, aiAJ made r.iit viith a giulK'. ills cap »as alio
ul' that country's (.i<ii)i : he went baie-ley;i;ed and
Inrelnortd, as Hilla« naked upwards. Some of hi*
lenanis were drilled like liimlelt', others had nothin>;
Init aclolh IkUvciii tlu'ir le;;s, made tall bihinil and
bi-foM. to ih.ir jiirdlts, with caps of Ikiiis, lome lik.e
■d bilKet, aial lon.e like a widepiirl'e.

Theii chuii, cords, and fidiing liiu>, are niavle ot
the b.iik. lit certain tiec«, wliieh they maniilaetuie
Very neatlv. TIkv likewil'e work yold veiy well,
iuiii ni.ike ii:i ious inip'enicnts of i;oii, as darl-, I'lili,
aaJ oth.r hooks, ^lim in-ii head*, ar.d ljrL,e two-cdjed
i!a^;jers, fome ol' tlum as loll;; as a wood knife, i\-
te.ilin;^ iharp, ami bent, aftei the m. inner ot Tiiiki
blades, wliieh moll jt tliein have hangiiig .it their lilt
IUl'. Their targets are alio made of hark, and veiv
dole wrouglit ; they are bel'idis very lai;;e, and as to
form, lijuare, lijniiwhat loni;cr th.in broad j lo that

kiRelin^ down, ti.ey cover their whole boily.

Tiieir bows arc Ihort, and pretty Itronj:, it bein;:

as niuiii as a man can do to drav thenitig'ui

the nriii;; is of bark, and flat, and about a i]u.irter of
an ir.eh broad.

Mr. 1 owerloii fcnt tht captain two tils of clo'h,
and two bal'oiu, as a prefenr. He fent back for a
wei;^lit aiifwei ingth.- lamenicalure, butwould not t.ike
a weight of two anjjels, nor fulVer the town to buy any
thin;; but the brafs bafoiis, not liking the other wares j
fo that tUev fold that morning 74 bafons for about
half an any I weight, one with another, and nine
white brdoas lor a ijiiarter of an angel each. — About
two o'clock the captain ramc again, and prel'entcd
Mr. Towcilnii with a hen, and two great toots ; let-
toighini know, byiigns, that the country peo|ile would
come to his town that ni;;ht, and bring plenty ol
gold. Accorilinglv, at tour o'clock there eame about
ICO men, under three captains, will appoiiueil with
their darts and bows. When they drew near, they
fJuck theii dji.'s in the ground by the (liore, and llie
captains ha»ing fat down on liools bn ii;lil th.m, they
fent a young man on boaid, who bought a mearme
witii him 01' an ell, one ijuarter and one fixtcciith
p;:tt, infiftiii;: on hav ing four tin.i> that ijiiaiitiiy for a
wiighrof ail angel and twelve gi-iii^. Mr. lov.er-
li'n ofitied liim tvvoells for two angils weight, and at
I.ilf, vshiii it grew late, he came down to tiur ; but
falling no lower, thiy departed. 'I'bis day tliey took
for b'liips, fix ounces .Tiid a half, ami one li^lith pan.
'I'he fixili ii! the morning, thiy mainud ihe bor.t an.l
tlie ikilF v\eil, lor fear of the Portuguel'e, who, ten
laff vtar, h;^d taken a man from the other (hip-, and
went on fliore, beeaufe the negros had no boats to
111^. t the Knglilll. Tliev were piefently .iccoded by
the fame \oijiig man, wlio leeincd to have dealt IhIoic
will) the roiIiLiuife, foi he c.ju'.d fpe.ik that language
a lit;/-, and ivas peifect in weigiits and niealures.
l|-ori"uid, as he had done before, one angd and 12
f;rain> )i,r feur tils, making fign-. ; that if they would
not i..l.e thai, lli.y miglit depart; whiih they did,
idi"eiii':; iiioi ihiec illsof rotten rlo'.li for that weight,
v.liiih lie t..tiil.d. The (hips being a league olV, they
r.iu li.iik .•i;',aiii for faml and ball. It.

The e. pt..iii pi.-Cti'. iiig that the b.iats l)rnii;;ht m,
trercluiiiiir-, and ibit their iniiiuioii w.is to fail aw.o
II. laiiKll, made figiis again to know il they would
i«>t gise the loin ells i and when ibey fuv tlu; boats
rc.i.lv ;o .:ij>..it, iIk) came aiul gave the wiiglit of thi
iir.^ej ,'.U'\ I.', ir.iii)', wliieh was reauind biloie; a.iul
Oiaiii- ii '11-, Uut if the buatb vsculd ci>nie as^ain, tluv

woulj take three ells. For quicker illfpatch, Mr.
Towcrfon, and J.ihn Savill, went on (liore m one
boat, and the mailer, ( John Makewoilh) and Rich-
aid Cuiligin in the other j the firll took 52 ounccii,
and the other boat eight ounces and a nunitir. Next
day Mr. Towerfoii went on (bore again, and took three
pounds Kj ounces by noon, when they h.id fold mull of
the cloili tluy carried, and many of the peoplc
wue deputed. Tliole who remained, having made
ligns to fctih them (oniee.irthni bifons, Savill and
Makcwortli went again, and took iS ounces of gold,
and then cane away, lleing the people departed at a
certain cry that w.isniade. While they were on (hole,
there tame 1 board a young fellow, who could fpeak
a little P, ,ugui-li', w itii three more, lo whom Mr.
Towcrfon fold j'j b.ifons, and twofm.iH white faucets
lor ihree ounces, i<sc. which was llu moll they made
by balons. And in the .ifieriioon, the mailer lold live
bafons to the i.iine fellow for half an ounce of gold.
This iJlow lleiiied to haie been taken by the I'ortu-
giiefe, and efcaped from thetalllei for he (aid they
wire bad men, and made them (hues if they could
take them, putlm;; irons on their legs. Uu tidd tbein
alio, ili.it they would hang all the I'reiieh and I'ng-
lilli tluy tould take, (wliiih nanus he pioiiounciJ
very well i) that there were 60 men in the callle, and
that every year a great fliip, ami a fmall taiaval ar-
rived thither, and that Don John was at war with the
I'ortiiguefe. This encouiagid Mr. 'I'owerfon the
miire to go to his town, which lies but foui leagues
trom the callle, whence tbi ir men were beaten the
lad year. This Negio came on board the ftiip with-
out fear, and demanded, why they had not brought
back the five men who were taken the year before f
He anfwered, that they were in KnglanJ, well ufed,
and kept only till they coulil fpeak the language j af-
ter which, they (liould be brought again to aflill the
Englifli in their affairs here. He then fpoke no more
of the matter.' The boats being come on board,
they fet fail, and a little after, obfervcd a great fire on
land, by the light whereof, they might difccrn fomc-
thing white, which they took for the caftlc. Atid for
fear of parting beyond the town of Don John, they
.mchored two leagues ofl' (hore ; for it is hard to reach
.1 town here if a (liip once overflioots it. This day
they tank feven pounds and five ounces of gold. The
town lieth in a great and very deep bay. The people
here defiled moll to have bafons and cloth ; fome, how-
ever, would buy trifles, fuch as knives, horns;
and fome of the men going on (hore, fold a cap, a
d pger, a hat, &c.

They (hewed Mr. Towcrfon a certain coarfc cloth,
which fienied to be made in France j — the wool wan
coarle, and the thread fmall as worlled, and (Iriped
with green, white and yellow. Several of the peo-
ple wore large glafs beads about their necks.

In the morning of the 8th, the Englifli faw the
cadle, but not till they were at Don John's town, on
account of a milt which obfcurcd their view. Haul-
ing in (hore, they anchored here in feven fathoms.
In fome places the land appeared low, In others high,
and covered with verdure. The town was but fmall,
confifting of about 20 houfcs, moftly incompalTed with
a wall about fix feet high, made of reeds or fcdgcs.
After waiting for fome time, they fent their boat on
fliore, and was informed that Don John, who was gone
up the country, would return at fun-let. The pcr-
foii who gave this information, received an cU of
cloth for his reward.

A traflic was now began with the natives, though
Don John did not rrtuiii at the expedled time. Go-
ing on (hole again there came (.ut a boat, with a quan-
lityof gold, and after long cliafFering, the meafurc
■ f cloth to be fold was lixcd at three ells wanting a
n.-jl, and their weight at all angel and 20 grains ; after
wliiih he took a pound and a quarter of an ounce
of gold, in the fpace of a quarter of an hour.

'i'he ra ives having made figns that he (hould (lay
till they had parted their cloth, when they would re-
turn i but receiving a iiieOa^e tioni the luwii while

the/

TO GUINEA AND tH6 JtlAST INDIES.

3»'

tlief wen i1iu« pmployil, tliey wavcil their hnri l^ ii>
tlic tiittlilli, t'lHiiitymi,', that thoy wiflicil llicni to I.md
at the (anv tiim- tli.it ihiy flc>l li> thi- woods with thtir
incnhaiiilir..'. Thi-i i uiuluiit n.iturally crcaiihg foiiic
riifiiicion, the rnw nviit on buuid the Hind ngaiii,
fonic Portui>u(.rc hiiving flicwn thcnifdvcs upon an
adjacent lull.

Ill the nit:iii liinr, Mr. Towcrfon being curiotis to
know what tlic Hart done, went tow.irds her in the
Hind's boat i nnd when he was luai hir, two pieces
ot t annnn were (ired, anil he tiMin law the boat and
ficitf' hurryinf; from the fliorc. Beiri'i; come on board,
he w.ii told what had happened, and that the goiwls
had been delivered to Don John and his I'ons) while
they waited for his anfwer, the I'oitugiiefc had rulhed
upon them from the hill, which was the occafion of
firing their ordnance. This circumftancc obliged
them to fail along the coall, after having exchanged
fomc fliot with the enemy.

On the night of the iith, twenty-two boats were
perceived running alonj; ftmrc j on whieii account
they fet fail on the tith, and Uw feveral towns, many
people from which came out, to take a view of them ;
but no boats appeared. About four miles from the
eaftcrmoft of thefe, fome ncgros came out upon the
rocks, waving a white Hag, but the Eiigli(h would
not (lay, conceiving thcmfelvesto be m ar the princi-
pal place where (having; weathered a point of land)
they anchored in five fathoms water, about half a mile
from the Ihure.

They fent out their boat about ten in the forenoon ;
but none of the natives would come n(ar them, acir-
cumftance which they judged to be oc rafioned by four
men having been forcibly carrieil oft' from that part
of the coaik the year before. Towaids nii;ht, how-
ever, a great number of people came tn the water-fidc,
waving a white flag, and their capt.iin came and fnt
down under a tree, in fight of tip' (hip. It was not,
however, without fome ilifficuliy that any of them
were prevailed on to come on boards bv oftering them
a prefent for the chief, whom they called theif Grand
Captain.

The Englifh went on ftiorc on the i^th, but hav-
ing ftaid till ten o'clock without being met by any
body, they made preparations for returning; but the
ncgros obfcrving their motions, came down in hallc
with a flag, to induce their gucfts to (lay, making
figns that their captain would come piefently. Dur-
ing this time a finall veflel pafl'ed by, whirh was little
noticed by the Ktiglifll, the natives ftill fignifying
that their chief would come, and that a free traffic
Ihnuld be eftabliflied. And foon after, a man clothed
like their captain, appeared, faluted the adventurers
in a friendly manner. Then one of the chief among
them went and leated himfelf under a tree. Hut a
number of thefe people were prcfcntly difcovered in a
hollow way, and behind them the Portugiiefe had
planted a gun which was fudde:ily fired at them, but
over-fllot the mark.

Hiving met with the Hind on the 14th in the morti-
ing, both veflcls turned caliward, and went where
the Trinity had been the year before. The maifcr
took the Hind, while Mr. Towerlbn remained to try
what could be done farther.

As foon as the ncgros faw one fhip depart, they
expcifted the other would follow i in order to prevent
which, a boat was fent with four people,- who defired
the Englifli would deliver one man into their handsj
ofl^cring two pledges for his fecurity. Accordingly a
iervant went, and two of the natives were lent on
board in his room. Notwitbftanding this friendly
intercourfc, three guns were fired at the Englifli,

Vot. I. N» 28.

which, as it appeared, were dil"charg.;d by .t Poitu-
guife brigantinc.

The c'lpt.iin came down ilie invt im^ninj; wi'.li
100 nui\; Liiid he ami ltver:d o lius bi>.u:,iit lli'.u
wives ilciwii 10 llie ftiorc. Hmb tin Kiijjlilll lun-
liiiULd tr.ifliikinn for gold ; .md in ilie 23d ii ma
other iiegios made figiis th;;! ih y uould (it.ilwilh
them. T'o thefe thty mid bill-, llicd-. ;iiul thinibk ,
.i"d received above two pound, ol ;;old in ixtlian^e.
Tne25th they iliCpoli. 1 of f^viii ilu/ 11 of fiiiiill bells,
and other things j after wliiih there b..inL' no iiiori;
gold to be had, iliey dip irlcd m ItcUMu;, to (Ukthc
Hind. Aboui five o'cloik llii-y h.id hglii ot lur, and
comin;; tip, undirlVood llu h.ui niaile l.iinr Ir.lis.
Next (lay thiy reccivid out of the Hiiiil, 48 pounds
ihrte ounces of gold, wlinh Ihe had t;iki n in tlieir
.ibleiHC i and at the r^quell ot a iK^'.rn, who canm
from the captain, tluy went to (bore with theii iin r-
ihandife, and lock feven pounds and oik o'jiici'. At
this place the ingros rii)uii.d no gage-, l.ut m the
evi:ning fent a boat on bo.ird whitli cintiiiiiid all
night, to let the nieicli.ints know, that ihey
would alio come the n( .St d,iy. The 27th ihey tunic
in both fliips eight pounds our ouiue, tlirce i|uaiti.n
ai\d an halt ot gold. Ihe 2Sth the lab was nu.lc
for the company, and one pnuiul anil h.ilf an oiincu
of gold was taken. The luwt innrning, two guns
were heard from fhorc, which tluy judged to be Ihut
off either by the I'ortugikle, or ineir nigros, they
manned out their boat armal, and went to InnJ ; hut
they were gone. The 13111 they made mure (ales fur
the company, and the mailer ne,\t d.iy fent the bonts to
take in ballad, they met with the ne[;r"S who had
dealt wilh the (hips the day before : ihey v.i re filliii.j:,
and h.iving no gold, exehani.>iil filli lor h.uvlkcrehaN,
helping the men to lo.id the l.iml into iju- b.'.rgain.—
On the firll of I'cbruary, rciiKiving to .mother place,
they took one pound nine ouiucs, .in.l three (;u.i!-
t< rs of gcdd, The 2d they inaile moic lales ; biic
finding moft of their (are was very iiulih lenr,
they tefidved to (lay no longer on that eoad. The 3d
and 4th they made (bine fales, though 11 .t great, and
finding the wind to come oil' (hi .r.-, ..m along it weft-
wards. Upon this coal! they found, tliat ouiinarilv,
about two o'clock in the inorninir, ihc wind comes otF
the fliorc, at north noith-eaft, and eontiiuics till eiu.ht
in the inorningi and all the reft of the d.iy, and at
night it blows from the fo'jih-weft. As for the tidr
or current, upon this fliorc, it goes coniinnally with
the wind. On the 5th they continiioJ failing, and
thought to have met with lome Kngli(h fliips b"t did
not. Next day they fleered Ibuth-well, to form un-
der the land, and nn 24 leagues. The 13th they
thoiight tliemfelves, by their reckoning, to be clear
of Cape das Palmas, and ran 12 leagues. Con-
tinuing their courfe, the 29th they found themfelves
in 22 degrees. This day VV'iMiam King, one of the
Hart's men, who had been long ficU, died in his
fleep. His cloaths were diftributcd to tliofe that
wanted them, and his money kept to be delivered to
his friends in England. On the 30th they were un-
der the tropic ; and next day made eighteen leagues,
failing on till the 20th of April, they then found
themfelves in the latitude of the Azores. The 7th of
May, they fell in with the fouthirrn part of Ireland ;
and going on Ihorc, had frefh drink, and two fhecpof
the country people, who were wild Ker:ies, with
fuch other vid^uals as they judged would fervc them
till they arrived in England, for which they gave
them gold. On the 14th, with the afternoon's tide,
they ca(t anchor in the port of Briftol called Kinjj-
road.

4-'0'

T Hi

.'jiiMi'4

I a-

■

:^6

THE S E C O N Q^ VOYAGE O !• Mr. T O \V E R i> O X
T HE COAST O [■ C I' I N E A.

r o

'I"' HE (h'';n employed In i)iis voyn^o, wcrr, tlu-
X .'l"v;;i'i ot' l.iimli.n, AJiiiir.il, <il tic Inns,
Mr. 'rowoiion ci>mni.i\i!t'r ; the 'Li';, ol' J,iim!i),i,
Oc ton«, Jdliii Skiri', c.iptam j anJ :i I'lni.ice ol 16
tuiH, fohn D.ivi-, c<i|ii.iiii. I luy i.iuiiil I'.iik
vsnli iliuii ilii; iiLj'icv. uhali h.iJ Wxi\ bri)iij;lit by
(uitc I'loin (iiiiiicu two vi-ars bilnrc, :is iiuMiroinil
in till' roni\fr \ yj^e. < )ii tlio i.^tli ot ^iiiicnibi r,
leyi, llu' 1) .'u- liLjurtol iViMn H.ir\i'li.'li (cT the Ilk'
<>t Scillv, lu iiH.t the lluri .111,1 piniMCf, uliiili
wcw ii::niil ai, i v icluulli'J iU Brillol j (he .iiiiM.il
tlu'ir the aHtli, but thf) were not euine ; ;ii>.l .ilur
«.iitiMj; lor tlii.iii (cvcral day*, iiiurneil tv) I'Kniouib
llu Mi\\ (.t (Klob.r. At I M^th they jomil lur,
.i:i(l tlie 1 ct'i ol Novcmli'-l all Jep.irteJ lo.jetlui iVimii
l-'lvrni/iiih ai oiie (i'tl..tli in the ni'ti 1 noon. Diiilie
.;:iih, ih, y had r^lit of the ille 1 I I'orti) Santo i and
11 Xt day, in the r.uirniii!,, ol' .Mad.ir.i. t)a the jd
ol 1) ftiiibiT, lliey fJI in uiih the Illeof IVdmn, and
the (,lh \ve;e thw.ot ai C.ipe lil.inio, and Iciiind th.re
r. ir.iui rar.u■al^ rn-ployed in tilbing. On the iQlh,
llicy I'oiMld tiieiiifelvis in tlie height of Sierr.i I,uon.i,
and all tbiMl.iy r.m tlnv.irt f^f ceriaiii coiienK, which
1. 1 weft-lbuih-wij!, I'o l'«lrt .n il it had liecn the
ov rt'all of a land ; makiiiii .1 i"ejt niile likeatln.ini
01 Ibiod-;: ife, wlun tlicwaiir is Ihoal ; v.l thiy could
luid no ^r.jiind uiih 15.! I.iilionis. On th ■ ;;'ih,
t.i.y till in Willi ih- Coatl of liuinea, wliiJi I'.i-y
d^lc.'Vered about l.'iir Icj^'ik., oil'. 'I'lie view coii-
-.lited ot three lull*, xyhicli lay north-e.dKby-eall
fioni them i .Tiid bet*i.\t the two northerniolf,
Were t.»o i;reat iices : and a little nuiie to the
1101 th Well cerl.uM hummock'.. — ILivini; failed fome-
V ait into (liore, they judged iliey were fliot a little
beyond the river |)e Sello-, and looked hout to letch
it, A liule after tluy faw ihree fail of fliip-, and
t\y.) pinnaces in the wcntiier <d' them, roid ni.ide ready
lo nu'et th;ni, li; iiln^ otV the (liip* to ^ain the wind
as near a^ they could. " llavin;; lail-d about an hiin
or two, they alio tacked about, and went the fiMie
coiirfe to make tlieinfihes reaily ; thin the I'.n.lilh
rhaciii^ them, they maile ott ; '.■a wii.n liiey lud j.iit
thciiiiiiets in order, thev tacked about ii-V'^Hj and
came up ycrv linely appointed with their llreameis,
|M''ul,ints, (iiii.;ns and the nolle of triimpU', very
bravely. — When botli flcc:s me:, they had the w.a-
thcro'fcurs, which beinj; detitnoncd to Mjiht, «aved
lb in to tome under tb.eir lie. This they ftoully
refuliir^ tlie Mn;'brn demanded of them whence they
Were r they fald <.l l-'raiice ; and beini; told our fliips
were of London, tli.y aHced wli.it Portn;4uefe fliijis
\vc had f en ? 'l"he anfwer was none but filhermen.
Tluy laid, there were certain Porti'^u '.c fliips j',one
to the .Miiu to defind i', and that they nut with
another .:t llie river Scftos of 2(Xj ti>ns which tncy
li. d burneil, havin;; f..vid mme but tiie mailer, two
i/r ihric P.;(;ro', iiid .1 fevv others, uriev oiifly burned,
whom iliey left on Ibii there. The ninies of the
Ihips we:; the Klj. -iu, of Flah'uKlV, Admir.il,

Deni-. 1:

Jell, Caj,

the Loiiricrc, of Ko.in,

Vic; AJmiial, Jetonic IJ.iudet, M-iftir; the third
W..S of Honfleur ; the .\l.ilh r Calb d John de Orl ,111!,.
The captain of the admir:;l, and I'enral others came
on board oi;r fliips in a friendly manner ; iKliriiiL' we
would keep them conipany, bicaufe of the I'oriii-
"iiif.-, and to go to th." Mina with thcni. '1 he
rni;lilh t.ilJ them, they had not watered, and w re
ju(t fallen wilh tlie coafV. They made it .^pri Mr,
that iliey v.'irc fifty lea;/ues beyond the river De
Sellosi yet laid, there wa-. water eiiou^li to be bad,

.liul proiiiikd to lielp tl.e-r. to.it witli ihtir own boatv,
bccaule they ». o dilirinis to have iheir (unipanv.
They declared l..ilher, tital they bad been lix vycik*
upon the roalf, iind had i-ottcn but three Ions of
gr.nns amop^ tnein all. The l,nt;lilli wvi^died lhi«
piopoful ; ihi y coiilidcrid that if tlie Minatoall wa«
ile.ir, thi- Kreiieh would Ipoil tliiir maii.et, in c.ilis
lb, y went there before tluiii 1 and that, if it w.is not
ele,n,andlhe IViiu iicle fli uild take them, they would
undciltand ili.it they were iKiiind, and (o lie in wait
for llieni. I'hi \ l.iitber conlideied that in cafe they
went with ihem, they (liould fare as tbiir own coai-
p.inions, if the coall WIS ilcar i and that if it weio
not clear, tlv y \eould lie lure to be llion^er than tlio
l'orlu;;iiele. I'pon thi I'e conlidcralions, tiie I'.nglifh
told them, that the iu.\t day they would confer iiioro
iirijely of ilie in ilt.r. W lureupou they defnid Mr,
I'owcrfoii to come next day to dinner with ihrm,
and to bring \yitli him the mall is of the fliips .ind
fiich merchants as he (lioul 1 think fit ; olRriii;^ to
j^ive them \\ater <uit of ila-irown (hips."

On the jilt, in the inorniii;.;, the adn.iral haviii;'
fent his boats on board the 'I'ygcr, .Mr. I'ovvef foil took
Ihe mailers with fome of ihe merchants, and wtiH
to him. He bad pioyided a good banquet, and
treated them yery friendly. Me renewed bis reijuell
to keep him c.uiipajiy, promifing llum half of tho
viefuals, oruhaicver elfe they fancied 011 board lii»
fliips thr(nii;bout the voyage; and ofi'eiing even lo
lull his Hag.', an. I be at their command in every
thing. In the end, they aj^rccd toconic to an anehor
with one of his piniiacis, .-.nd an almaide, wbicl;
they had liioiiglit out of I'laiice lo licit water. As
for their own pinnace, flie anchored out at lea, and
would not come near tluin.

The boats uturncd on the firft of J.muary, witli-
out finding any river. On which thiy let (ail, ami
came at lciif:th toarivir; going Into which next
day, thiy barg.ined and took live fmall cltphaiita
teeth. On the ^^, they look five more. On tho
4th, the I'"reneii ..dniir.d aiul they, look fifteen (mall
teetli. This il.iy tliey went to leek elephants, with
thirty men well-armed, with liariiuebuires, pikcf,
long-bows, crols-bow>, pailizans, long fvyords,

and bucklers, Tiiey Imiiid two, which they

hit fever.d times with haniUibulTes and long-bows,
but they went away, and hurt one of the men. On
the 5th, they fet fail, and ran along the coaft, Tho
faih, they fill in with the River dc San Andre i to
the weft of which there is a high land, and a fair
nay. Next day they went in and (bund no village,
but wild nigrovs, not accuftomcd to trade. It is a
very great river, and is feyen fathoms deep in fome
places at the entrance ; liavirg taken in water, ihcy
fet fail. On the Sth, they proceeded along fhorc,
and came to the red cliffs, and went fonv aid next day
alio. On the lotb, they confcrrtd with Captain
lilundell, admiral of the rieiich fliips; Jeroino
Haudet, his virc-admiral j John dc Orleans, mafter
of a (hip of feienty Ions ; and their n crchaiits. It
was auieed, that 10 whatever place they rarnc, ihey
Ihould be of one mind, and not hurt each others
market; to whitli end, fome of thiir boats ihoiilj
fettle the price for all, and then one boat make fail
for each fliip. 'I'his niiiht iheir biats going to fliore,
met with certain r.e;^ros, who laid that they l^.d ynld,
and thcivl. lie they would call anchor. — On the 11th,
they took but one b ilf an;;cl weight of four grains,
allthed.iy, which they I'eilt for by hand; for the . ,.
people of this pl.ice, called Allow, lud no weights.' '

TO G U I N F. A AND T JI E . F. A S T I N D J M 8.

H»JI

AU«w.

On the mil, runniii); iiliin« ihi' cult, tlicy tmiiiil
only line Idwii ; liiit no tiii.it< woiiKI loii.c I'liI ol il,
and tliuiilDrc liny «iiu on. (Jii tlu' I jlh> Mi-
TowiTfon wint .lioiij; the coall in hi-. I'oiit, ami
ILiiniif; by I'cvti.il I'jii ill to'\ns wi'i w.ivcd to l.iiul .ii
tlirir ijlatcs 1 luil tin- ii.i b^a I i lil,'li miun iIil- (hoic,
that It was nut |ioiniil.', n.itliir I'liilil thi; in'^ms
liavi ronu- to liiiii, il' tlicy hail liail bu.its, loi hi
i:ouM (tc nriiK' lint at i.ii<' pl.ii'i;. There a biat vcii-
liiri'il out, but wa» over- lit by tin' violtiiiu- of ilic
lurf, and oiu- ol the nun Jrowiitil ; lor vvllich
miloitiiiK- tin- juoplc ma L' I'lih loud lanRiitations,
that llic Kijlilli could lalily luar iIkiii. 'I'lu-y ;;<'i
Ills body out of thLliM, aniiiairicd it to tliiir town.
t)n the 141I1, tluy caini' svithiii .;im-lhot ot tlu-callli-,
fiiiin whiiuc an alm.iidi- was ininicdiiiti ly lent out to
obllrvc thoni i and ivrttiviir; ihiy ui.ri. iiol I'o.tii-
P,n)^. ,|j Mi. giicfi-, lan b.ick to tlu: town a^.iiii ; lor there is a
iia, aii.l Dim- ureal town by the cadle, i-.ilh.d by the negros
Jim. D^ndou. Without thiv then: liis two ^reat roik.

like iflaiids, ami the c.illle Hands upon a point, wliich
app'.-ars alinoll like an illaiul. Five or (ix liaj^uts,
before thiy lime to tli • lallle, the 1 iiul was liighi
uiid low fur about iLVeii Kagie.s befoie thiy came to
it, and then they IoumI tlic land hij;li a;.viin. 'I'liis
rallle (lands above five leagues to the eall of Cape
'I'rts Funtin. Here Mr. Toweiloii wiiit in the
boat with his iiegros, and ran along the fliore, as
far as the tape, and found two fniall towns, but no
boat at them, nor any traflie to be had. Here his
negroes underftood the people well ; one of th.ni
tailed (JeorLie went alhnre at all the places, and wa.
well received. Next d.iy he «cnt aloiiy the ihore,
and about three leagues beyond ihe calkrnioft part li
ihc cape, ran into a good bay, and found a fniall
town and fome bo.iis beiiiiigintj, to it ; but the natives
for a long time would not tome out. At la(^, by the
perfuafloM of his negro's, one boat came, v\ith which
he fent George alhore ; and alter he had talked to
them, they approached the boats without fear. IJe
gave their captain a bafnn, and two ((rings of marga-
rets ; and they Cicwed him about five ducats weigh
of gold, but- i|uired fo much for it, that he would
not take it. becaufe tlio J^'reiieh and Knglilh had
agreed to fettle the price of goods all in one boat;
after which, every man was to fell in h;s own boat.
This place is called Uulle : and here the inhabitants
were very glad to fee the negros il, .; einie v.ii'i him ;
and flieweil them all the friendlhip they tould, wlien
they foun<l they were the men, who had been taken
away, and were now brought back again. Here the
boats were informed, that a month helore two fliips
attacked one, and put it to flight, and tli.it a little
before one I'rciieh fliip, being met by lour PorluL^iicfe
made them fliear off. J'his they took to be the Ro>v-
barge ; for the French, who were in company.
judged her to h;'vc b'cn there about that time, with
lier pinnace. 'I'hey !;ii.I alio, tliat after her, went
firft a fliip of 240 tons, called the Shaudlt ; and then
another of lighiv, both bnuiul for the Alina; and
that they hail |oll one at Cape Verde, called the
Lourierc of UicjKie, and another at the River de
Sedos. — On the idth, Mr. 'I'owerlon went along
the (hore, with two of th<? Krench pir.naces, and
found u bay and river ; after which they went to the
Huu town, town calleil liaiiia, twelve leagues beyiuid the Cape,
Here his negros were well known, the people weeping
for joy v^'h.n they faw them, and alked where Antony
and Uinne were ; the others told them they were at
London in Knglaiid, and (hould be brought home
the next voyage. After this, the native negros came
aboard with them, and brought a weight which was
fu finall, that they could not give them half their
demands. 'l"hcy informed the boats, thr.t there weie
five (hips at the calUe, and one pinntct ; that the
Portut^u I".- did much harm to their country, and that
they lived in fear of them : but weic v. ry glad
when the Kn.ijilh told them, that they would Ueltnd
tliein from tliofe diilurbers. On the lyth, ihcv
went oi> fUuic along w ilh the French^ but did no great

lod, tlio n;groi wcic f" iinuafonahle, Pi. rt
parting, they came to cli.inm.a, ^i.vo Ua^u .
beyond; ,iiid Willt iiitithcriui will fiv. [vy.i'x w 1'
iipp'iint.d wiih nii'ii .mil ordiMin e, under fi.Miiid >•!
trumpets and dium. i U-t they I'.eii^ht her . to ii.'Ve
f'iUiid loine i'liriiuiiift, but di- i.i.l. Alter fs.i liii^
tluir iiej'ros on llpire, li.\n.,l i.f thvin lolluwed, .md
iete viiv well rii'.u'wd; till nativss Weie dveiju;, . 1
to fee tlu ir louiiiryn.in i.g.in, ilpecially a bioih i'l
wife of Mill, and ,iii aunt of .'.llCiiiu'. Ill fle ri, .dl
ill.' people lliew.J a> iiiutli f'.ndmfj fm' thun as i!
ihey had b en their omi bn'.h'eii. Tlu' Fn^liili
eoinforti d ilie captain, and ti Id liiiii, tliiy laid ml
fear tl'..- I'oituguefe, for they would diliiid him from
iliem ■ htiiiijion lliey ordeiid thiii bo.'ts 10 fll'i t I'lf
llieii b.il':- ;;nd ha; ii'iiLiili' -, 'I'luy Tkiwif.: cuilid
iheir 111' n to land with ih.ir I' ;i^ b le.s, and lho,>!
b-l'ore the capiaiii and Ins peojilei V Iri Wire n.m 11
I'urpiilid, elpetia'ly to fee ihim /li^ot fi' far a> ih >■
did, ai.d tried i> draw their bow, but could n 'i .
^Vh.n it grew lite, they dep.irled to their flilps,
for they luoktd every hour fur the I'orluguel'e, Hiie
the iiegros gave tiiem to un.lerMa.id, that tlu'te w.is
an Fii;,lini fhip at tiie Miii.i, whiih had hroujit miw'
ol the negros again, whom Ri Ivrl (lainfh loik auay.
On the iSih, thiy went into the livi r villi no leis
llrcnglh than before ; and tj;'.eUided v.iih the negri s
to give thi.m for every fiift'c, te.o yards and three nails

of tloth, and to take for it

iigii

and a

ilur.it i th.y tcuk in all fevmtv diieats, ot which the '"'»'• f-
I'r^/Kli h. Ill forty, and the Kiiglifli lliiity, On the
iijili, they wtiit adiore, every man lor himfilf, and
took a good (|uantity of gold ; Mr. I ovieifuii Im his
own p.irt, took fiur pound tuo ounces ,\\\i\ ,\ half of
gold i andlheHail'j boat iweiuy one ounces. At
iiiglit the negros gave ihim to uiidii 11 iiid, that the
iKxl day the I'ortiigiiefe would be wiili them h)- I.ukI
or lia ; and when tl.e boats were ready todipart, tluy
heard hanjuebiiir.s (hoot olr' in the wo' ils, which
ihey knew to be the i'ortuguel'', who did it to frighten
them, and make them give over their tuil;e, but durll
not venture nearer themfiKes. On the icih, the
Kiiglifli inanni.d their live boats, and a gre;;! boat of
the Fitneli, Willi their and the ndmiral's nun,
'i'welve of them had on tb.eir corllets, and the
relt were all well armed) tlure w:.ie alfo lour
trumpets, a drum, and a fife, and the boats wen,'
.idorned with filk fhcaniers and pendants, ja
this Older they went into the riv.r .ind trafHekcd ;
their men of war lying ofl' and on in the rivi r to waft
them J but they heard no more <.f the I'ortuguefe.
This day the ncgios told them tli.it fonu- (hips wtie
arrived at Hanta.

On the 2 ill the Englifli m.innrd their boats, and
went to a plate a liaguc to the wellward, and then;
found many negros with another captain, and fold at
the fame rate they had dealt with the others. The
22d they went on Ihore again, and trafficked quietly ;
Mr, Fouerfon taking four pounds fi.\ ounces of gold.

eoM

On the 2 i

with tlieir cap

, about nighl, th. lugrn
tain, came and told them, that the king of I'ori'u

nigni

il then
gal's fliips had failed from the c idle, with a dellgn the
ne.\t day to ply up to the w indwaid, and tome to
them, warning them to be on iheir guard. They
told them, that they were vc.y glad of ihcir coming,
and would be ready at at all times to meet tluii!. 'I'o
let them fee they were (eiious, they foundul their
trumpets, and fhot oft" ("ome guns, at wliith the
negros rejoittd, and intrtated them to f.ill on the
Portuguele \vithout mercy, if they oftercd to hinder
their tiainc, promifing, if they came by land to give
them notice. On the 24tli they went on flinre with
their t.-umpets and drums, and tiafiiektd j the cap-
t.in of the town that day dining witli Mr. 'I'o.vcrfon.
Till next day, while their boats weie on fliore, the (hip
d^l'criid five fail of the Portugueic ; and havin;^ fhot
if their ordnance to call them away, they threw every
man his ca(k on fliore for water, and returned : but by
that time they had weighed and given out orders^ it
was dark, 'i'hcy fet fail, and lay clofe all nij^ht to

get

■-»i>

1556

VOYAGES OF t F? E E N O I, I ;; It

j^f t the wind if they roiilil, and mnkc thrmrilvri rcmly
ioi the fi);ht. 'I'lu' Ty'cr coming r"- <r fomc of llicni,
one llioti tf a giiii, wliuh thryjiiilj; ; to hi- llif I'nt-
tiij'.ucfc aJinirjl, for the ri-lt of liis fleet to romr up
and fpcak with him. 'I'hc j'jili, the En[>lilh ftiipH
loming in with thdhorr, had fight of the l'oitiii;iRMf,
where they rid at aniluir, and hore with them. I hcv

Save all their men white fcarf'i, that the Krenth mi;',ht
ilHn);uifl> one frnm the other, if it eamc to hoard-
ing ; howevir, iiinht coming on they louhl nut fitch
ihcm i hilt they continued within a denii ciilverin
flut of thini. " F'he J7th they weichcil, a« did the
Portiiivicfe, and about fevcn o'l lock, (fayjoiir author)
gotthewindof them, which, whin the iiieinypcrceivtil,
thry tacUd ah'uit to ftiorc again, and our (hips after
thiiii. \Vlun they were fo near the (hore, that they
could not well run any farlhi.r that way, thiy tackid
shout ai;ain, and hiy to the K'ewaid. Our fliips
tacked at the f.iiiie time, hein:; a-hcad of thiin, took
in thiir tupfails, and waited for them. 'I'lie firlt that
came up was a Iniall hark, whiih carried p,i«>'l ord-
nance, aiul (ailed fo well, ihat (he valiiid iiobodv.
She (hot at the '('jner, hut ovtifliot her, and ihm
let fly at the . 'miral of the h'renili, and (hot him
tluou^h in two or three placc<. Atter this, (he went
■-head of the !• '';;ri(h, becaiife they were in their
fightinp fails. 'Chen came up another caraval, under
the 'l'y;;cr'!> lee, and (hot both at hir and the French-
man ; (he hurl two of hi* men, and (hot him through
the mainniaff. Next came up their admiral under the
Ice of the Tyger alfo ; hut he was not able to do them
lo much harm as th'' fmall (hip^, becaufe he carried liis
ordnance higlier . neither was the Tyj;er able to make
a good (hot at any of them, breaufe (lie was (ii weak
in the fide, that (lie laid lill her nun-, under water.
Mr. Towerion therefore refolvid to lay thi' jreat (hip
a-board : hut as foon as the French adn:iral went
room with him, he fell a-ftern, and could not fetili
him, After that befell bihind two caravah more,
and in (hort could fetch none of them, hut fell to lee-
ward of them all ; and ticking .about to the (hore,
left the Engl ifli to (liit't for themfelves. 'I'he other
two F'rencliinen kept the w ind alfo, and would not ad-
vance. The Hart was a-llcrn, fo that flie could not
come up to them. For all this the Tygcr boiitcd hir
lop-faiN, and gave the enemy chace ; and after (he
h.id followed them iwo hours to feaward, they tacked
about again towards (hore, thinking to hit her as
they went by, and to get the wind of the French ad-
miral j (lie tacked about with them, and kept (lill
the ind i but continued to the Fwiglifh (hips,
.ns well as the F'rench, run to feaward, and left her
in the lurch. She palTcd flill along, and kept the
wind of them to fuccour the French admiral, who
was under all of their lees. Being come up with him,
cverv one gave him a brcad-fidc : after which they
tacked about again, and durft not board him, bccaule
they faw the Tvger in the weather of them ; other-
wile, without doubt, they would have taken or funk
liim : for the three fmalleft went lb fa(t, that it was
not poffihle for a (hip to bo.-rd them ; and carried Inch
ordnance , that if they had had the weather-fpi;?, they
would have gauled three of the bcft (hips in tfie con-
federate fl( i-t. As for their admiral and vice-admiral,
they were both well appointed. When the French-
men were clcirof them, he lavas near the wind as he
could i and feeing the Tygcr Bill follow them towards
the (hore, ran to fca after the reft, and left her all
alone. The Portugucfc perceiving this, turned about
with her, and (he with them, fo keep the wind, 'un-
ning (lill within bafe-(hot of them ; but tl.ty inot
n-itathcr, becaufe fhc had the weather of them, and
faw that they could do her no hurt. Thus they fol-
lowed one another till night, and then (he (hot them ;
as for all the reft of the fliips, they crowded all the
fails they could, and ran to lea, praying for the Ty-
ger, I's they confelTed, which was all the help they
defignrd her.

" On the 28th (he met with the vice-admiral, the
pinnace) and two of the Frenclimen i the third, which

WIS the Roiin (hip fif Ho tons ««• fled ileiir ofT: Rfr,
'I'owerlon went in the (Vifl', ro know w hy thry left
hi'n in fiieh a niiiiner. Nkiu»'» exiufc w •', thiii hit
(hinwnuld lint (tcrr ; and as l.ir tli4> pmnuv, l)ini
fail! (hr woiilil do nothini", aiul lint lu-eoiil,l ciiriv h' r
no farilu-r, for her iiiddn wa« (o (li.nrrud, tliit tin;
Hart wai forcid In tow her. 'fiuii (n- went tci ii'U
Frrneh ailmiral, whom he foiind t 1 be a m:'n of ,1 u-
ra:»e, but one-h ilf of bis men were fiek and leml : the
Im.iller l''ienehin,in laid, liew.iH.in the l.o'i ioiiili;i,,p,
and lli.it his (liip would be.ir no f.\il : fo tint he \vjs
not ablctodoanv thirtir. .Atier thii, the Fieneh dinll
not anchor, for (ear of ihi l'oitu"ur|c, Tlie ji^ili ibc
marter of the pinnicc erne to iiil hem, tli it they inri!
not able to keep her anv longer, her riid.l'i, wiili all
the iron wr^rk, b.in;^ hrrken, both -ilolt .oiil lielou.
It was then tore gret I to liitak her up, .111 I pnt ihi-
men into the H.irt. Ilnin;; t.iken our <•! her four
bafes, oneamhor, and cii tain fiii Wood, thev f ; her
on fire, and affrisards ran along the coalk. — Tho
joth, thev an in (hore, and fjiokc with ecri«iii
nrgriKv, ' .10 told them, ihnf loiiie I'rcnili (hip* had
been there; but their was no de.ilinjj with tli rn, liny
were 10 unreafoiiabh . Next il y Mr. TowMionwent
a(hore, hut did not 11 illiek. 'I'hc i(t 01 F'l bru.iry,
feeing they could not liiing the negroes to any rtaloii,
they wei ;hcd, and came to anoilicr place fl iiidlijg on t
hill. The jd d.iy he went to a town (our leagite*
from them, ,-nd (nonlinpolF two pii-ee«, the caplnin
came; who being known to I'honias Uippon, he was
feiit to (liore. As foon as he landed, he was remem-
bered by the capt.iin, and divers of the ne;'roi-», v/ha
afked for .Mr. Toweif m ; and In inp lolil il',af he wa»
in the boat, the thief immediately taul'ed two hoal.s to
put to fea, and feeing .Mr. Towerfon at a didance,
called out to him, and fcemed to be very happy on the
occafioii, fo did all the company who knew him. He
made him a prefent, aeeoiiling to the cullom of the
country, and caiifid the Frenchman to do the fame,
proniiling to treat with him the next d.iy, That night,
ir.caiife it was late, be would not talk of any price,
luit left a pledge, and took anotlier of Mr. Towtjfon.
The 4th, going on (hore, h. found that the (hips of
I'rance, which had V.ci 11 there, had done miuhhurrto
the markets : y.t took five ounces and a h.-'lf of gold.
I'hr 5th he took ei;ht ounces, and i-8ih p.Tit of
gold ; but oblerving, that the negroes perceived iha
difTerence betwixt the F;ngli(h and the French cloth,
which was better and broader, he loKl Capt. Blundel,
that he wouM go to leiwaid, becaufe he found he
could do no good svhen his cloth w:;s (old, at wdiieli
Blundel Was concerned. On the 6th, there came an Al-
made and negroj aboard, reqiiefling him to go to their
town, where tl. y faid there was inuehgidd, and many
merchants. He went, and found their old captain
gone, and another in his place; but the merchants
not being come down, they did lu^tlnng that night
but give pledges. On the 7th, (1 -crgc the negro
came to him, having followed them ar lea(t 30 leagues
in a fmall boat. \V'hen he came, the negros antl
the Englifli foon concluded about the price ; and Mr.
Towerion took this day live poiuuls one ounce and
three quarters of gold, This Negro, who hail be<-l\
left at Shamma at the time of the fight, (aid, that he
(aw the adion from (hore ; that when our (hips went
away, the Porttiguefe came to tlieir ri\er, and told
them the Englifh had flain two of their men with a
cannon ; (this (hot from the "F'ygr r) and that they re-
quired harbour there ; but the captain of the Shamma
would not fuft'er them ; and now they took many
pounds of gold. On the nth came Jernni llaudet,
vice-admiral of the French, and his pinnPce, faying,
that where they left them, ther." was no i^ood to ho
done, and therefore he would go to the cafiw.ird ; hut
they told him he (hould nor, and comniandid him to
go to his company, which he was apjiointcd 10 ba
with. 'I'his he refuted to do, tilT three or four (hot
were made at the pinnace ; and when the (hip faw
that, they both tacked »bout, and ran to fea. Th«
F^nglilh took this day, one pesunj livi. ounces. The

uth.

;iir;.

T () O IM N K A AND T II K EAST I N I) I K S.

rt to
Id.
It of
d the

lolll,
mlcl,
.1 he
wliii'li
nAt-
ilitir
many
(itaiti
haiin
night
nc-ro
;ucs
and
.1 Mr.
re ami
i licetx
that he
IS went
nd told
with a
hey rc-
hamina
many
naiulct,
fayiii;',
1 to he
hilt
him to
d lo b:!
itr (hf>t
lip (aw
The
The
wth.

-.1;

llth, there came ftne of the iMcnih pinnaces liulrii
fvith eloih, 4nil wimiKI h.ivi.' ii .iilt. a lah , hiil Mr.
Tuwrhin u'liiKI nor lulfii loin, luul li luiinu linti
on h<Mril I hi' ih I Pi i.mUiI hm) to riile ih re .in il.iV'
'1 hey loik live (i^'Uiiil hx ouiiiiA an.l a h.ill ol '^xU \
Rn>l mxi J.iv hnir iiiinu-^ rmm- 1>( fiMiiene(rio«. Oiiihi-
bth, l)\i'y i.inie tn iimthir town I ""I ""<' Jay Mr.
Towerlon ^;'lill■; on Ihote, uniliiUiioilih.it thuc ol
Ihc Port mule (hi|>'« wire at the rillh', ami iheolhit
two at ."^luihoia. The ea|iiain, ulio w;i- i;oMr t'
(pialc with ihi' kinj;, on hi^ irmin hi on Jit a >v' ighi
and a inraliiri: (o the nnti hints i and Mi. Towerlon
feni a man to the km;;, and to th'- |Miiui|i,il tovMi.

'IdiL ii.itivn now bcj.vin to trade with ihiir j^n ll>,
who at iiu.iintrtl iIk km,^ hy inririv, that tin y *antiil
prcnifidi-. Till- inelh n^' r» wi IV ni v well n-et iicd
hy th.it pi 111(1-, wh'il.- n.im ■ was Ahim, and he lent
wor.l that he had hut liltlr rold, lui; if thiy vviilil
Ihiy lit would find (or loiv ji iho country i headdvd,
tli.it thiy niif;ht th n hnd viiit lor their wans ill geni -
rail but as tu cloth, ihc French had overlkockfd thi
market.

Our voya;;rr thus did ribes this town. — " It
ftaii Is about four leiisues within l.itid, and appi-ared
m big as London, (in the yar |i;s'') but ihr hiiiid-
in|>s were no bttii r thin in other pi ices. Th'-r wa»
abundance of that eountiy loin in the iieii;liliour-
hood. On one lide ol the town were emiiput d
about 1000 ricks of wheat, and anothrr fort ol corn
called mill, (millet). Strict watch was kept then
every niLht, and they h.id cords with hlls to thim,
ftrctrhed acnds the w 11 th It led into the town j fo
that if any one ttnulud the coril«, the bells ran'^r,
and then the watchinen lun to lee whiitn rhey wiie.
If they were enemies and palled the couN, they took
tlieni by letting; (all nets hung for th.l purpofe mer
the road«, which they wereoblij'ed to pali, and thi re
was no gritinj{ fithi rwil'e to the town, by realiin of
th.' thickets and bndie^ .iliich were aliniit it ( it w i>
;ill'o walled round with lonn colds, bound together
with Itdje and b.irk of tiees."

[This town (inns to have h'.'en a pl.i.c called
Cjuaiti-, which however was by no nie;ins lo bii; as
London in IS5'>. 'he nets an. I •■;. !ls of cords,
if the natives reallv iilrd fuch niiid h:ive been but a
poor defence indeed j but we have given the padage
US it Uood, as it ih not cettain what place it meant
in th" original.]

Al rhistoAn the En;.;Iifti arrived about five in the
morning, travelling by night, in order to avoid the
heat. The king fent for lliein three limes, and
would not receive their prcl'ent, till the Lilt time of
their attendance.

" After this, fays our author, he caufed a pot of
palm wine to be brought, and madi- them drink.
Threughout the country, before they drink, they ufe
(X-rtain ceremonies ; firit th.y make a hole in the

ground, and put fonirof ihi' lit|uorinto it) th«n they
e4l( ilie earlli upon it whuh they dug util b l'<i.'<
I his dune, ihey U( the pot on It, and Hllh a lit .!u

> up iiiadi like a ).>ourd, l.ike out loine ol the drink,
an. I lay it on the ground in fini.il plans. In ni.iij
jiaits till y have ecilain lir. lilt lies ol p.iliii fet in tin.'
larth Ik lore them ) and thcie th.y pur in loirie drink,
doing |.;ri at reviience eyi ry whin to lliili' ttus.

I'lir ei iiiiii'iiy hull.; mer, ihe king took a dip of

old, into which wine heiiig pound he drank, iliff

|n onli .It the lime tiiiir l.iviiii*, i-lh,tru f' tU'' ' with

II I i.iin otiiei .vords, Jul) ;is ihey tin in I laiidu' on

> 'Itih niL'ht. Whin tin kiii<; li id diank, iIkv y, ve
iii|ii'<r to i.tch ) all'T M huh li'' dililiiir Itleip, in

I lilting the kini^'s pnleiue, it is the eulNin lot
vcrvoiiclti bow thrir tinns to»:ii.i, hiin, ai the
i.iiiie nine wa\ 1114 I'lCh hands to;peiliir, Ihe kiii'j
Ills iiimmonlv ii^lil ur uii ineii with grey be.iiJii
iiiiiii! hi hull."

I'liiii chis lime, nil the ilitli, the Lnglifli inii-
iiiiurd ir.,rtii king (or uojd, ol w hii h ti.cytook .diiiit
I ^ p miuls w'liiftit, aiil d(|'irtid, i\ In n it appiarcd
ili.it thire was im niori ^;o|il to be h.id ill ixi hanfe lor
ili.ir eoniniojiiie-..

As tlitv pioiieileil, p.ifliiig by the eiOlpdel Mina,
luy ilieie law the hve Ihips al amiior) .md at iii^lit
ihi V reaih.'il Shaiiiina.

A tall (hip of about 200 ton^ burden >vas |i , n on
ihe 31I to the windward of thini, at the didaiue of
about UM) liMijuen j .md (ocm adir a (hip and a pin-
nace were dilcoveicd allern ol he-. 1- in. ling lliili to
be .1 nrwllei I, latelyroiTle 1 1 0111 I'oiiuu" il, ill' \ w. ighej
..nd got to fe.i, when the Hut K II to Icewaid. At
l.'ll, ohi I ving the admiral lobe .ill rn 01 his com-
p.inv, the I'vger lelolved lo fice them again i but lur
enni.,.rt was too fir toleev.ard, uiu! by the nianiiei in
winch thefe on board beliaied on loniing up with
tl.iiii, it feeniid as il they h.id dune it on pin pole.—
iJn the iSth, .Mr. Towcrfon loll light ol lur afn f
lialiiii;; Cape Menl'urado, and eoneludeil that it wan
liie matter's dereriiiined nloliition lu p.irt cuinpany.
Thiv came in light of two ihull ill.iiids, whiihlliey
judged to lie about ilx le.iguis ir.'iii biirra Leona, liom
ilunee bv theii reekoning, tlay llioiild have been 4.0
hai;iies dillanl. This could only be altiibutid to a
(troiig current lilting lo the north-wi (I.

On the 1 5th of April tli-7 net with two large Por-

tti:uc-fe fliijis, which they (uppo(ed were bound lo

C ilii ut i and on the 23d of the l-nii moiiih vvetc met

ad mniged by aFrcneli vrdi I, which they obliged to

(heer olf, with confiderable damage.

After confulting together on the ?.8th, they agri-ed
to go into the Severn, and to proeetd (rom tin nee to
Mriltol i but the fame night they came to the Liz.ird,
.mil the wind not favouiing their difii^n, they put into
Plymouth ; — and thus ended their voyage.

<<^'"

Mr. TOWERSON's THIRD VOYAGE TO THE COAST

OF GUINEA.

THEY departed again from Plymouth Sound on
the 3Cth of January, with three (hips. The
admiral was the Minion ; the Chriftopher was the
vice-admiral ; the thiid (hip was the Tygcr, and they
h.id with them a pinnace calhd the Union.

Thefe wer.all bound for ilie Canaries, and the day
after they ft out, nut with two Uanzickcrt, whom
they examined, and finding French property on board,
made prizes of them. And now adifpute arofc whe-
ther the fliips fo taken (hould be brought into Spain

V«t. LNo.»».

or England ; but Mr. Towcrfon bcinn; ftriftly en-
joined not to prolong the time, ohferved that it woutd
be the height of imprudence to attempt bringing them
into any port. And it was at lad determined that
each of the (hip's crews (hould take what was moft
proper and necelTary out of the pri/.cs. — This wis
agreed to ; but the EngliHi failors foeftediually (trip-
ped the Danziclcers, that Mr. Towcrfon pitying their
condition, thought proper, after having fecured the
lawful prize goods, aod bad taken an ackn«wledge-
4 P. mut

3i(>

VOYAGES OF THE ENGLISH

1556 ment under their hands, that they were laden partly on
I V ■ ' the French account, to rcllore p:irt of what had been
taken trom them before he difmilled them by the gene-
ral conftnt.

On the loth, by their reckoning, they were 25
leagues from the Gram! Canaries. At tliis time the
pinnace broke her rudder, and was towed at the flern
of the Minion, which Hill kept company with the
reft of the vclli-l?.

After they came to the ifland, they found it was
Tcni rifle, and then faw the Grand Canary, which
was twelve leagues to the eaftward, to which they di-
rected their courfe, and came into the roail on the
I2th.

After they had faluted the town and c.iftlc, the go-
vernor fcnt to difirc that they would come on Ihore,
and icccivcd them in a very friendly manner, oHlring
them th-.-ir horfcs to ride to the town, to which they
went with two Fnj^lifh merchants, who ftaid there
that day. They went on board the next day, in or-
der to get their pinnace mended, and to deliver theii
mcrchandifc.

The Spanifti fleet of the emperor Charles V. bound
to the Indies, came into the road on the 14th, and
fome ci\ illties pr.rt'ed between them and the J-.n^jliih ;
but a difpute arofe about paying honour to the Impe-
rial fla;^-, which Mr. Towerfon refufei!, and ihe Spa-
ni(h .ulmiral did not think (it to infilt upon it, and
told the Knglilhnian he had puniihed fome of his men
who fired at the Minion on that account.

'I'hr-y found themfshes to be in 20 deg. 30 min.
iveft, and four days afterwards faw the lanJ in tirj
bay to the northward of Cape Verde. — .Mr. Tower-
fon went ill the pinnace on the 26th, with Frantifcci
and Francis CalUlin, on board the'lvger, which was
nenrcit thcfhore, and running; about four leagues be-
yond thi.- Cape found an .igreeablc illand, with two or
three others, which were high rocks, and full ot
pid_'ioiis and other land fowls. As iliey were told
the French had a great trade here, they came to an
anchor in the bay, being defirous of learning all they
could, relative to that nation : but the matter of tht
Chriftopher d-.'clared he would not ftay there, as he
was not bound thither. However, F-dwArd Silman
from the 'I'vger, and John Makeworth fiom the
Chrillopher, came to Mr. 'Fowe.fin, and acreed to
go with the pinnace along fliore. i'hcy did fo, and
iiiw negroes 01. the coal}, who making figns to them,
they caft anchor with the pinnace, and went on fhore
in thecock-hoat to fee where tho trade was. It ap-
peared that they had elephants teeth, mufk, :-.nd liidc^,
and otFtred to fetch down their captain if the Fnglilh
would fend a man with them, for whom they propof-
cd to leave a pledge, but the matter of the Chrifto-
pher would not ftay.

'J"he voyagers fell in with the coaft of Ciuinca on
the tenth of March, five leagues off Cape de Munte,
near the river das Palmas.

The next dav thev went on ftiorc, and found a man
that could fpeak a little Portuguefc, who informed
them that three French fliips h::d palTed bv, one two
months, and the other about one month before. Nine-
teen ell phaiits teeth, and two ounces and half a i|uir-
ter of gcjld were here received by Mr. Towerfon.
Sailing from hence on the 12th, for the river dc Sef-
tos, and fell in with it on the ni^ht of the 13th.

The next day the Minion fent out her boats for
water, and delivered to the Chriftophtr and 'Fyger the
commodities which were moft wanted in thofe veilels.
Meeting on the 15th, they agreed to fend the Tygcr
to another rivet ;o take in her water, and to buy pep-
per, if any was to be had. They went afterwards
into the river with goods, where they found a negro
that was born at Liihon, and had been l.ft thcie by a
Portuguefe veili;!, which was burnt the year Ivfore in
an encounter with three Frenclimen. He likewili;
made mention of fome vclFcls belonging to the former
nation that were gone towards the caftlc of Mina.

From hcurc proceeding along the coaft, they came
totiK river Potes, and afterwards 10 H.iiity, couiinu-

ing to trade for fome pepper and elephants teeth, for
bracelets and other wares.

Having ohl(:ived five fail of Portugucfc on the firft
of April, they put to lea, and both parties endeavoured
to gain the wind of each other, but the I'ortuguefe
fucceeding in this, got within gun-fltot of the Fng-
lilh at lalt, and after exchanging a few fliot without
receiving any material damage, the latter having at
laft got to windward, the Minion, Tygcr, and pin-
nace ftood oIKto lea, leaving thi; Chriilopher, which,
as foon as they met with her, infoimcd them that they
had been alfo attacked by the Porluguefe, w ho had fliot
through their fails and rigging, but had done them no
other dam.age. On this it was refolved to go in pur-
fuitof the enemy, which they did, but in vain; af-
terwards, however, they fell in with a fleet of French
Ihips, that retired before them, however they took
one of them on the 6th, which proved a good prize,
and had fifty pounds and five ounces of gold on board.

On the 12th of this month they came to the farther
part of the Mina, called Egrarid, where they bej-an
taking the goods out of the prize, and afterwards di-
vided all the prifoners among the fliips except four,
who being fick were unable to help thcnifelvcs . I'hefe,
both the Chriilopher and the Tyger refuling to take,
were left in their fhip alone in the night, but about
midnight Mr. Fowerfon fetched them on board his
velUI.

The voy«ge to Benin was propofed on the 15th of
April, but this being refilled by the company, it »as
reiidved to fpend as much time as they had to Ipare up-
on liie coalv, and having done what thev could where
they were, ihoy fet liiil fur Don John's town, which
ihiv reached on the 21II. Fhey went on Ihotc with
their boats twice, but could i;ot enter into any fort
of tr.ilfic with the negroes, » Iio on the contrary made
ligns that they wilhed their new guells would depart.

Mr. Towel lijn, after cx|Tcriencing fome repuifes of
this foit, went on Ihore with a white flag at Don
John's town on the 2.ftli, but they concluded the
l'ortu.;ueie wi.;e tlure, as none of the iiegiocs ap-
pioae:ud them. 'I'he boat arrived afterwards well
manned, and a man was fent to the town. However,
he no looner arrived, than the negroes letirvd with-
out ever Ipeaking to him; and though .another was
fent into the woods after them, tliey would not
come to any terms. On this the Fnglilh took 12
goats and fome hens, and did no farther damage.
From hence they failed to Macoa, and atiorwards to
Coiinantin and took fome gold. From hence they
Iteeicd their courfe for Bhamina, and on the ytli they
law rive Portuguele fliips, and Mr. 'Fowerlon went
in the pinnace to \iew them on the tenth, and fome
of the people would have attacked the Portugueli;
fle-et, which cpnfilied of one fhip and four caravals
(on account of pro\ifions being fcarce); but tlw
mailer and company of the Minion would not agree
to fuch a proceeding for fear of being punifhed on their
return to England ; in confeqtience of which the others
defiiled from the attempt. Mr. 'Fowerfon went to
Shamma on the 20th, where the Tyger had arrived
the (!.iv before. By this time they had I'.nt awav the
Frenchmen on board llioir p'nnaccs, as they peiceived
their provifions would hardly hold out fur their own
company.

At Shamma they were told that there was no gold
to be got, and not d) inueh as a fingle hen to be
bought, which was on account of the agreement
between the natives and the Portuguefe, and fending
to Hanta, they met with no better fucccfs. On
which account they burned Shamma, and departed
on the 2Sth for England. After meeting with con-
trary currents, they law the ifland of St. 'I'homas
on the 7th of July, and though they meant to hold
on their courfe, were driven clofe ia fhore the next
day J but a breeze fpringing up cleared them of the
illancl. I'he Chriftopher and tho 'Fyger tacking
about, on the 10th, thofe that were in the .Minion,
thought they were going in queft of the (hips in tho
ruad, and were nut iacliikd to go after them, for
fear

TO GUINEA AND THE EAST INDIES.

3if

leaf of running in with the land again, and putting
thcmfclvcs in the fame danger they were in tlie night
befbrc ; but they difchargcda piece, and put out two
lights, which were anfwercil with lij'hts ag:iin.
On tliis they kept their courfe, tliinking the
others had followed them : but not feeing them in the
morning, they perceived they had dropped thcni by
defign, and refolvcd to go after them no longer.
However on the nth, they altered their minds;
and tacking about agairf for the ifland, to feek the
fliips, about four in the afternoon met with them.
On the 13th, they fell in again with the ifland of St.
Thomas ; and the fame night they found themfelves
direitly under the line.

This illand is very high, and being on the weft fide
of it, there appears a very high pike, which is very
imall and ftrait, like the fteeple of a church, lying
direilly under the line ; and about a mile weft ot the
f.ime fduth end of the idand, there lies a finall ifland.

On the 3d of Augurt, departing from the ifland of
St. 'I'homas, they met the wind at fouth-weft. — The
a3d, in the morning, the (kilf being font on fliore,
found no houfes, or any men but four, who kept at
a diftance. As for cattle they faw none, except
goats, which were very numerous, but fo wild, that
they could not catch above three or four. To make
amends, they have good ftore of fi(h ; and in a fm:ill
ifle near the fame, they met with fca-binls.

On the 24th, the maftcr of the Tvger crime to
acquaint thofc on board the Minion, that his men
were fo weak, and the fliip fo leaky, that he was not
able to keep her above water ; and therefore rci]ut(led
them to go back again to the ifland, in order to l.ikt
out the goods, and give her up. They intreated him
to perfevcr;! awhile, and put a French carpenter into
her, to fee if he could find the leak. This day they
took a view of all their men, and found then- w ere
not above thirty found in the three fliips. On the

25th, they had fight of the ifle of St. Nicholas ; and
the day following, of Lucia, St. Vincent, and St.
Anthony J which four bear in refpeiSl to each other,
north-wcft-by-weft, fouth-caft-by-c;ift. On the
26th, they came again witrt the ifland of Sti Anthony,
and could not double the Cape. This day Philip
Jones, mafter of the Chriftopher, came on board the
Minion, and told them that thole of the Tyger were
not able to keep her, (lie was fo leaky, and the
mafter fo very weak. Farther, that he had agreed
wiih the mafter and company, that in cafe they could
double the ifland the next day, they ftiould tun to
the leeward of it, and there unload her : but if they
could not double it, then to put in betwixt that and
St. Vincent, with the fame view. On the ^d of
September, Mr. Towerlon went on board the Tyijer,
with the m.ifter and merchants, and found the iliip
very leaky, and only fix labouring men in her,
whereof one was the maftcr gunner : whereuiuMi they
agreed to lake in the nun, and fuch of the goods
as they could favc, and fct the fliip adrift. Next
day they went about it, and having taken out the
artillery, goods, viifuals and gold j on the 8th, they
gave her up in the latitude of twenty-five degrees.
On the 6th of October, the Chriftopher came to
defire thole of the Minion, to put in with Cape
Fiiiifterre, her men being fo weak, that they were
not able to keep the Cci : as thev were weak alfo,
they agreed to go for Vigo, a place frequented by
the Engliflimen. On the lOth, the Chriftopher
weiit towards the Cape : but the Minion, having a
hrifk wind for England, and fearing the <langir of
enejiiies, who ordinarily ply thereabouts ; having
w.irned the Chriftopher, flie not biingable to keep up
with them, they held on their courfe for England,
j where they arrived in fafety on the i6th, after having
I experienced many inconveniencies.

A VOYAGE TO GUINEA in 156:

THIS voy.igc was at firft defigncd to be under-
taken by Mr. Lock, but he having declined it,
the undertakers were Sir William Cheftcr, MelFrs.
Thomas Loduc, Anthony Hickman, and Edward
Callelin ; the fliips were the Minion and the Primrofe,
which left Dartmouth on the 25th of February,
1562.

On the 20th of March, they arrived at Cape Vcrd,
where they made no ftay, but failed along the coaft to
their firft appointed port. River de Seftos, which they
re.iched the 3d of April, in the morning. Here they
found a Frenchman, who, as foon as fhe perceived
them, fet fail, and made to the fea; mean while they
came to an anchor in the road ; and after Ihe had
difcovered by their flag, that they were Engliftimen,
(he bore with the Ihoret and hailed their (hips with
her ordnance. At this time Ruttcr, and the other
merchants of both fliips, were in the river trafficking,
and having underftood by the negros, that (he had
been there three days before them, they refolvcd, in
cafe (he fcnt her pinnace to tr.ide, not to fuft'er it,
till they had fettled matters with their captain and
merchants. In the afternoon the pinnace coming
into the river, they fpoke to ^he men not to proceed,
till they had talked with their captain, definng that
he might come in the evening on hoard the admiral ;
which was done. At the time appointed, M. Bur-
ton, and John Munt, went on board the Minion,
where the Frenchmen were, and there concluded,
that they (hould lie by eight days, and let the Pinglifh
traffic by th«mfelvcs i \vn?rcwi(h ihey \v«r« ngt well

plcafed. Hereupon, next morning, the French (hip
left them, failing along the coaft eaft ward, towards the
River de Potis : wherefore the merchants of both fliips,
in confideration that no veflels were upon the coaft,
concluded to fend the Primrofe before, that their
traflic might not be obftrudcd by the French. They
went, and overtook them trading to the weft of Potis,
where paffing them, they arrived the 12th of April.
They trafficked there till the i 5th, and then departed
for the River Sant Andre, where they came the 17th.
Here by .ngrcemcnt, they were to wait for the Minion,
and the fame dav (he found them.

At Cape dcs Palmas flic met a great (hip and caraval
of the king of Portugal, bound to Mina, which gave
her chace, and (hot brifkly at her, as (he did at them 1
but received no hurt. Hereupon they haftencd
towards Cape Trcs Puntas, with defign, if they
could, to put them (the fliip and caraval) from the
caftle. At the Cape they lay a-hull one ninht and
two days ; and judging they had gone paft, thc'Minioii
went near the fliorc, and fent her merchants to Hanta.
Next morning very early, being the 21ft of the
month, they again had fight of the (hip and the
caraval a gocxl way to fea-board. They prefcntly
fet fail, and bore with the foremoft of them, hoping
to have got between the caftle and them, but came
fliort of their defign, which was a great difappoint-
ment. When the enemy was under the protci^ion of
the caftle, they fliot fmartly at the Engli(h, and they
at them ; but to little purpofe. In the afternoon,
they fct fail, and came to the town of Don John,

wkete.

/—'

T.WP-

3^8

1563

Voyages of the English

where, on the iid, in the morning, they went ort
fliorc to traffic, but the ni-gros would Jo nothing till
they heard from Don Liiis ; for at that time Don
Jolin wa» dead. On the 23d, Antonio, (the fon of
Don Luis) and Pachtco, arrived, with intent to
traffic with thcin. At the fame lime, two galleys
came rowing from the caftie, to interrupt them. (Jn
the 24th, the Enylifti fet fail, and chaced the galfeys
to the caftie again. The ncijrOs plt^afed at it, re-
<)uircd them to go to the Mowfc, about three le.igues
behind, promifing to come thither ; for that they
rtood in fear of the Portu;^;uctc. There ihey waited
for tlic merchants out of the country, who were come
with their gold ; but Don Luis's Ion, and Pachcco,
were on board the Minion.

On the 25th in the morning came the two galleys
from the caltle again : the weather being very calm,
they ihot at, and hit the P'-lmrofe tli'ree times. And
Ihortly after, the v.iiid blowing from the flmre, (he
defctied the fliip and caraiul coming towards her.
Then (he fet fail, and bor.} as near unto them as flie
could) but it being dark before ftie cime uj) with
them, (he lofl them in the night. On the 27th the
Engli(h plied to the Ihore, and at nii^lit agreed to go
to Corn)antin : but next morning they found them-
fclvcs near the great (liip, and the two galleys having
no wind at all, and the car:ival clofe to the (hore.
I'relcntly tlie two galleys come rowing to the ftcrn of
the Minion, and fought with her moft part of the
forenoon During the fight, a barrel of powder
fiappening to take hre in the llcward':. room, hurt the

maftcr-Bunner, theftcward, and moftof the gannetif
which the galleys perceiving, they began to be more
(icrce upon her, and with a (hot cut her forc-ma(l :ii
two, that, jyiihout prefent remedy, (lie was not able
to bear fail. Immediately upon this, the great (hip
fent her boat to the galleys, which fuddenly departed.
As foon as they were gone, tho(« of the Prinirolis
went onboard the Minion to confult wh:twasbeft to
be done. They found her company grievoufly dc-^
jcifted ; thcrefoie perceiving that the i>egros neither
would nor durft traffic fo long as the galliys were upon
the coaft, it was agreed todepart for Kio de Seltos.—
The r4th of Mav in the moining, they fell in again
with the Ian.!, .ind fending their boats to fee what
place it was, found it to be Rio de Barbos, to the eaft
of Sant Andre, and there llaycd to take in water, tilt
the 21 IK 'I'hc day before, tire Primrofc loft five of
her mciT, by the black pinnace overfc^ting. The 22d,
the (liips departed for Rio de Seftos, where they put it»
the zd of June j and the 4th, leaving that river to
return home, arrived the 6th of Augull within fight
of the Start, in the weft part of England, the men
bcinil very (ick and weak. BefiJfs 21 who died, many
were forely hurt. Inflict, there were i.ot above 20
men that were found and able to labour. Mr. Bur-
ton, who had been fick for fix weeks, was then fo
weak, that his life was deljnired of.

There were brought home this voyage, 166 elo*
phants teeth, weighing 175S pounds, and two huts of
(luinea pepper, dearlyenough purchaled by the voyag.*
ers loHes and misfortunes*

A VOYAGE TO GUINEA bv Mr. BAKER, in 1563.

MR. Baker, who has written an account of this
voyage in veife, after the unlucky dif.dler that
bel'el him in Guinea the year before, had iimde a lort
of vow never to go near that tourttiv .'iiiy nii^rc : but
beini; returnid to Ei. gland and rtcoviKil of hiscom-
pla'iit, he foon forgot the l.uiows th^it were p.ift, and
being iiii ited to uiideitake ihc voyage ihe next year,
m quality of a f^ictir, confmttd. After they hrd
been at fea two days and a nigiit, the nnii tVom the
mainniaft difcovered a (ail or two. 'I'hey prtfently
made up to the brgtft of them, which thcvjudgcd to
be the beft, and Mr. Baker hailed her to know whence
Ihe was: (he anfwered, from' France ; whereupon the
Englilh waved them, ami (he, nothing diliirayed,
waved them again. Mr. Baker immediately ordered
men with arms to the main and fore-tojis, alfo powder
to be laid on the poop, to blo-.v up the enemy, if they
fliould enter the (hip that way. Then, at the found
of trumpet, they bi-gnn the Hght, difcharging both
thainaiid crofs-bow (hot from their brazen artillery ;
while the I'reneh, from the main-yard, flcurifhing
their fwords, culled ont to thcEngIi(h to board their
Ihip. Tht Englifli, on their fidr, willing to accept
of the invitation, plied them hotly with their cannon,
poured in their arrows, and their harqucbufles from
the loop holes ; attempting, at the fame time, to burn
their (ails with arrows and pikes carrying wild (ire.
Baker, wi(hing fo cnccura^e his men, made the fpiced
wine go biilkly round ainon" them, propoft-d boarding
the enemy, which they did » ith their limc-pots, break-
ing their nettings with ftones, while the min from
above entered the enemy's tops, after killing thofe who
defended them ; then cutting the ropes, brought
down the yard by the board. Th<ife who tntertd by
the fide of thefliip, played their paits fo well with
their fwords, that at length the remainder of the
rienchmen fled beneath deck, and furrendercd them-
fcives. H ving thus taken the (hip, they failed to the
(«roine, in Spain, and there fuld the ladiij. After

this they proceeded on their voyage for Guinea; (
where being arrived, Mr. Baker, one day about noon,
with eight more, went on (liore in a boat to traffic j
intending to di(pntch his buhiiefs, that he might bo
back again by night j but ju(t when they had got near
l.iuJ, a furious wind arol'e, accompanied with rain
and thunder, which forced their (hips from their an-
chor'', .ind drove them out to ("ea. In the mean time,
thofe in the boat, in order to provide for iheir fafety, ran
ii!.ing the coaft, fecking fomc place to put into ; yet
meeting with none, were forced to lie on board all
night, by the (hore, expofed to thunder, rain, and
wind, which continued without interinilllon. Next
day the (hips turned back again, thinking the boat
(laid behind j and tlic boat rowed forward along the
co?(t, fuppo(ing the (hips were before them, Hill look-
ing out to (Va ; but the mill that morning occafioneei
by the jarring of the elements the night before, was
fo great, that they could not (te each other. Thus
tlify continued beating the fea two or three davs to-
getlicr ; after which thofe in the (hips concluded the
boat was caft aw ay in the (torm, made the belt of
their way towards England. Mr. Baker and his com-
panions in diftrefs, having been three days without any
food. At length they landed, and having exchanged
fomc wares for roots, and luch other provifions as
they had, put to (ea again in purfiiit of their (hips,
which they ((ill fiippoled to be before them. Thus they
continui-d 12 days ranging the (liorc ) where they fa«v
nothing but thick woods and dc(crts, full of wild
bealts, which often appeared, and, at fun-fct, camo
in herds to the fea-fide, where they lay down or playcJ
upon the faiiil, and fometimes, to cool thcmlclvcs,
plunged into t!ic water.

They often law a man or two on the (hore, who,
as foon as they perceived the boat, came to it witU
ihiir Almaide. Then cafting am.hi)r, they offered
the negios their ware* in exchange lor (i(h and fttfll
water, or any victuals of thcii own coukir.jj. Thefe
5 peofile

TO GUINEA AND THE EAST INDIES.

people would bring to them great roots and berries,
ijt'hich grow on the palm-trees, being Aich eatables
as wcremoft agreeable to themCelves ; likewifc fome
of their wines, the colour of which is like thi' juice
that runs out of the tree. Sometimes they brought
them wild hcuiey ifi the combs. With thcfc, and fuch
other things as camCj they relieved their hunger;
but notliin/ could repair the ftrength they loft by
grief, fatigue, and the want of reft, which reduced
them to a very weak condition. Tlicy were fo op-
prefled with atflictioii, to think of the dreadful cir-
cumftances they were in, that their hearts were re.idy
to break. They had now been fo long fecking the
Ihips in vain, that they were refolved to give over
their purfuit, concluding that they were loft or re-
turned home, but what courfe to take was difficult to
determine; as for returning home in fuch a boat as
that, in want of every thing, they faw was an utter
impoflibility i and confidering they were in a ftrangc
country, inhabited by a people, whofe manners and
cuftoms were fo oppofite to theirs, tlicy knew not
what to refolve on. By this time they found they had
piifled beyond the Melegetc (or Grain) Coaft, and
were advanced as far as that of Mina i for their ne-
gros fpeaking Portuguefe, came on board them with
their fe.ilesand weights, propofingto traffic, and a(k-
ing where their fliips were ? They, in hopes to be
better ufcd, anfwercd, there were twoatfca, and that
they would be with them in a day or two. However,
much difniayed at a queftion which only renewed their
grief, they turned off from the natives to confult
now they (hould clifpofe of themfelvcs. They con-
jidered, that if they continued at fea in their boat,
expoled to the burning heat of the day, which fen-
fibly confumed them by fweating, and the frequent
hurricanes accompanied with lightnings, thunder,
and rain, which deprived them of rell all night, that
they could not |K)(Iibly long hold out. They were
often three days without eating ; and having fat
continually for 20 days together, the boat affording
no fpace to walk in, they were in danger of lofing the
ufe of their legs, for want of cxercife ; and their
joints were fo much fwelled with the fcurvy, that they
could fcarcc (land.

On this Mr. Baker told them, that as it was not
poflible for them, in the condition they were, to keep
their boat much longer, it was time to come to fome
refolution, and make choice of one of the three
courfes they had to take. The firft wa«, to repair to
the caftle of Mina, which was not far off, and put
thcmfclves into the hands of the Portuguefe, who
were Chriftians, if they durll trull them, or could,
expedl the more humanity from them on that account.
However, he told them, the worff that could happen
to them, was to be hanged out of their mifery. That
poflibly they might have fome mercy on them for their
own fakes, feeing nine fuch young men would be fer-
viceable in their galleys, that although they (hould
be made Haves for life, yet they (hould be fure of
having victuals enough, in order to enable them to
tug at the oar j whereas there they rowed and Aarvcd.
The next courfe was, to throw themfelvcs upon the
courtcfy of the negros. As to this expedient, Mr,
Baker told them, it wasa very difcouraging one : for
that he could not fee what favour was to be hoped for
from a beaffly favage people, whofe condition was
worfe than that of any (lave ; that poITibly they might
be canibals, and then they were fure to be deftroyed
at once, without any ceremony : th.it in cafe they
(Iiould not, their cu(t(>ms were fo oppofite to the Eu
ropeans, that they could not poflibly comply with
them : That it was not to be im-igined, that they
who had always been fed upon the fle(h of animals,
could live upon roots and herbs (as the negros did)
whieh was the food of wild beaft ; that being accuf-
toined to wear cloaths, they could not for (hame go
naked, and expofclliofe parts nf their bodies to view,
which, from their infancy, had been covered ; that in
cafe ihey could get the bitter of niodelly in this point,
yet, for want of that defence againll the fun-beams.

Vol. I. N' 29.

which they had always been uild to, their hicilcs
would he gricvoufly tornientui, as well as emaciattJ,
and their Ipirits exhaufted by Mie fcorchinj» luals. —
The lalt courfe they had to take, was to rt;iy in thr
boat, and die miferably there. But as they fetmtd de-
termined to run anyrifquc at land, rather th.in to con-
tinue pent up in fuch a narrow coni|iafs, fulijei^f to all
the inclemencies of the weather, day and night, as
well as liable to be familhed for want «t victuals
Mr. Baker, in conclufion, gave it as Ms opinion,
with regard to the other twu methods, that more trult
and confidence was to be put in the Portuguefe, who
were baptifed, than in the negios, who lived in a bru-
ti(h manner. Mr. Baker ended his dileourfe, and tliey
all determined to throw thcmftlves on the inercv of
the Portuguefe, and hoKted liiil, immediately fettiii^
forward for the caftlc, which was not above 20 leagut*
diffant. They went on without flopping all day,
aiid till late in the night, when they perceived a light
on the (ho4„'. The boatfwain concluding from thence
that it was a place of trade, propofed to caft anchor,
and try in themorninj if they could get fome food in
exchange for their wares. This was agreed upon, and
the next morning, going towards fhore, they perceived
a watch-houfe upon a rock, in the place from whence
the light proceeded the night before, with a large black
crofs of wood (landing near it. Kerc they began to
doubt what place thiswa>, and looking forward^ be-
held a caftle, which perplexed them (till more 5 but
their doubts were quickly folved, by the appearance
of a Portuguefe or two, one of them holding a white
flag in his hand, made a fi jnal to them to come afliore.
Although they went in quefl of the Portuguefe, yet at
light of them, their hearts iH-gan to fail them, and
they tacked abov.t to make off. This being obferved
from the caftle, immediately a gun was fired at them
bv a negro, the (liot falling within a yard of the boat.
If they had been provided with a ftout (hip or t«o,
they would not have valued their bullef:, but being
unable to make any refiftance, they complied with ne-
ce/Tity, i<nd rowed as fafl as they Could to land, to
yield themfelvcs and know their doom. 'I'his they
thought would pleafc thofe in the caftle ; but, to their
great furprife, the nearer they drew to the (hore, the
more the Portuguefe (hot at them. The bullets fell
thick about the boat, yet they ftill advanced, till at
laft they got fo near the caltle wall, as to be out of
danger from the cannon. • They now relblved to land,
in order to try the courtefy of the Portuguefe ; but
prefently there came (howers of ftones from the caftle
wall J and foon after they faw the negros marching
down with their bows and targets. Tlie allault was
fo furious, that having much to fear if they (laid
any longer, from the heavy (tones that fell into the
boat, and with their weight threatened to break thro'
the bottom of it, as from the (bowers of arrows which
hiffed about their ears, and wounded fome of them;
they, like defperatc men, who did not value what be.>
came of their lives, put off from (hore, to return to
(i:a, felting four of their company to row : yet being
unwilling tojdepart from the coafts, without repaying
the inhabitants fome part of their civility, they began
to handle their bows and fire-arms, which they fir(t
employed againft the negros, of whom feveral pre-
fently dropped, and then againll the Portuguefe, who
(tood on the walls of the fort in long white (hirts (or
gowns) many of which were foon dyed red by
means of the Engli(h arms. They thus maintained
their ground a long time, and fought at their leifure ;
never regarding the enemy's menaces, (Ince they faw
there were no galleys in the place to fend to take them.
When they had Sufficiently revenged their want of
hofpitality, they rowed off; and although they knew
they were to pafs through another ftorm of bullets
from the cadle i yet they pu(hed on, and tike men,'
commonly who fear no danger, cfcaped without re-
ceiving any damage. By the time they had reached
the fea, they perceived three n.'gros, who came row-
ing after them to know what country they were of,
fpeaking very gootl Portuguefe. They told them they
4 Q, were

i5f.5

i \i

330

1564

VOYAGES OF

Englilliivcn, ar.J liaj brought wares to traffic with
thciii, \f liuy had iiotutlil them io ill. I'he ncgios
wort' t.irlhcriiuiiiifilivc to know where their <lli^)^ wire.
'I lity aiiKvcrcl tluy had two at (i-a, well aiipointcd,
which would liion t.ikc their w.iv I'loi'g the coaft, to
tr.^dc for gold, and only waited for their return.
The negros pretending a concern for what had hap-
pened, intreaied them to (lay for that day, proniifmg
to bring them whatever they (lood in need of. But
the Englidi putting no conliiiencc in their words, only
alkcd them what place th;it wasj and being anlwered
that it was the Fortugucfe c;itHe, at the weltcrn point
of Cape Tres l'unta.s, without exchanging any more
words, lioilled fail, and put to fea, to feekout u more
friendly place.

The Portueuefe kindncfs being thus experienced
lufficiently, they were rcfulvcd to have recnurfc to
them no more, but try the negros. Therefore fail-
ing back auain about thirty leagues, they caft anchor,
and the natives coming immediately to the boat, the
En^lidi f;ave every one fome prefent or other,
whereby they we 11 their hearts. 1 he news of the
arrival of fuch generous llr.;ngers, brought the king's
Ion on board. As fjon as he came, Mr. Baker be-
gan movini^ly to explain the c.fe to him ; making
great lamentation, and giving him to uiidetltand by
liijns, that they were quite undone, had loft their
fllips, and were almolt familhcd for want of food : at
the fame tine olTi ling all the goe)di they had in the
boat, pro\ iJed he would take them under his pro-
tection, and relieve them in fuch great dillrefy. The
ne:>ro chief, movcu by tlie tears whiih fell plentifully
from the eyes of .ill, rcfufed the prelcnt, and haue
them be comforted. He went on fliore, to know his
father's ple.iitire, and prefcntly returning, invit.d
them to land. This was a joyful hearing to them.
He had no founcr fpoke the word than they fell to the
oar in hafte, to ;;et to Ihorc, where, 5C0 negros
wailed 10 receive them ; but coming near the coaft,
the fea ran fo high, tli.it the boat ovirfct. The
negros iirmcdiately plunged into the water, to fave
the'm, ami brouj;hi them all fafe to (liore. They alfo
preferved the boat and whatever was in her, fomc
f*imniing after tlie oars, others diving for goods that
were funk ; after which they hauled it to land, and
br<)ui;ht every individual thing that belonged to the
Englilh ; not daring to detain the leaft trifle for fear
of the king's Ion, who according to Mr. Baker's
account, w as a perlon ff courage, and endowed witii
all natural perfections. The next kind office that they

THE ENGLISH ''

did, was to bring them vii^uals, fuch as titey ufed
themfelvcs; of which they ate heartily, being, as may
be prefumed, very hungry ; the negros ftaring at
them all the while, with altoniihment. For all this
appearance of humanity, the Engliih were under no
(mail apprchenfions condderiiig ihey were quite in the!
pcjwcr of the negros ; every one of whom went armed
with his dart. They lay upon the groiind all that
night with them, but never once clofid their eyts,
through (ear that they fhould be killed in their deep.
However, they received no hurt from them j and for
two days fared very well. But theli; people finding no
fliips came as they expected, to fetch them away |
the Englilh diftributcd a large quantity of wares
among them, in return for their hofpitality. The
negros foon grew weary of their new giiefts j and af-
ter lellening their allowance every day, at length left
themtofhift for thcmfelves. In this diftrcfs they
were conftrained to range about the woods, in fenrch
of berries and roots, which they dug up with ihcir
lingers, lor want of other inftiuments. Hunger had
quite worn otF th- delicacy of their palates. They
made nodiftinction any longer in viftuals ; any thing
that w as eatable, now was a dainty to them. Nece^
(Ity likcwilc, fooii reconciled ihem to going naked:
for their cloaths, grown rotten with the fweat, fell
oft" their backs by degrees ; fo that at length, each of
them had fcarcely a rag left to cover him before*
They were not only forced to feck for their food, but
to provide wood and utcnlils to drels it. They made
a pjt of clay baked in the fun, in which they boiled
their roots J the berries they roafted ; and on ihefe
varietiesAliey fid every evening. At night thiy went
to rell on the bare ground, making a great lire round
them, to keep ofF wild bealN. 'I'hus they became,
in every relpedt, the reverie of what they were before{
in (hort, with this imire change of their way of
living, joined to the heat and unhealthinefs of the
climate, thi y began to fill flek apace, and for want of
proper nouri(hmcnt, died fo lal>, that in a fliort time
the nine were reduced to thic;. This, to the deceaf-
ed, was a relea(c from their mifery : but what was
an cale to them, rendered the (tatc of thofe few who
furvivcd, more forlorn and helplels than before. At
length, wh-n they had given over all hopes of relief,
a Krench fliip arriving on the coaft, took them in,
and carried them back to France, which being then
at war with England, they were detained prilbners,
and from thence Mr. Baker wrote an account of
the voyage in verfe.

A VOYAGE TO GUINEA in 1564, by CAPTAIN DAVID CARLET.

THE (hips employed in this voyaee, were the
Miiiie.n, one of the queen's (hips, David Carlet,
captain 1 the John Baptiit, of London; and the
Merlin.belongiiig toMr. Gonfon. — The chief adven-
turers M-re Sir William Gerard, Sir William Chefter,
Sir Thomas Lodge, Anthony Hickman, and Edward
CaOelin. Thefe all met on the nth of July, 1564,
at Sir William Gerard's, to confult mcafures for
letting forward the voyage. At this meeting they
came to feveral refolutions ; as firft. That Francis
Aliibie (lioiild be fent to Deptford, to Mr. Gonfon
for his letters to Peter Pet, to fet about rigging the
Minion, at the charges of the queen, after which he
was to lepair to Gillingham, with money to defray
the adventurers charges there. Secondly, That each of
the five partners fliould call upon their partners to
advance towards new rigging and vidfualling, twenty-
nine pounds, ten ftiillings and fix-pence, out of every
hull eo. 'I'hirdly, That each of the (ivc partners
Ihould immediately dcpofit fifty-pounds towards the

faid occafions. Fourthly, In cafe Mr. Gonfon gave
his confent, that the Merlin (hould be "wrought rouiiJ
from Briftol to Southampton, that a 1 ,tter (hould be
obtained under his hand, before order was given for
the fame.

Mr. Hawkins, with the Jcfus of Lubeck, and
three other (hip?, left Plymouth on the i8th of
October, 1564, and that fame day, being ten leagues
from the port, met with the Minion, of which David
Carlet was captain, and her confort, the John
Baptift ; having faluted each other with their guns,
according to cuftom, the Minion went in qucft of
the Merlin, which lagged behind ; and left the John
Baptift to keep the Jefiis company ; but in a Iturm,
which happened the 21ft, fhe was fcparatcd. On the
25th, Mr. Hawkins put into Fcrrol, in Galicia,
whither, on the 26th, the Minion arrived alfo,
whofe crew were much dejecfled, on account of the
difaftcr which had happened to the Merlin ; for, two
days after they met with her, throui^h the carcleilhcfs

W.-*-

■ £_«^£=^

TO GUINEA AND THE EAST INDIES.

of the gunner, the powder took fire and blew \tp the
poop, with three nan in it ; pnlVntly nhcv whicli,
flie iunk, ami ihv crew mud haveheeii loft, but th^t the
briguntine having been luckily at the fh rn, took them
in J many of them being grcviouflv wounded by, the
cxphifion. On the jotii, b.itli fleets departed in
company. On the 6th of Novembei, coming in
fight of Teneriftc, th • Minion being three or lour
leagues a-head of fhe JlIus, went on to that ifland,
aiul (o parted co.iipaiiy with Mr. Hawkins ; who
fliapiiig his courfc by Cape Verde and Sierra Leona,
afterwards ilrucL oft' for the Weft Indies, and arrived
lit the town of Iturboroata, on the coaft of 'Jieria
Firma. Here he heard news of the ill fuccefs of this]

Gulnca'voyige 1 for on the 29th of April, there clme
into til" loail, a K ni n ihii>, cilled ;!i' G' 11
Dragon ol New Ha. n, one Hon T iiips, cipi;.;n,
who inform J him, th.it he ha I met with tn ■ M nion
on the coaft of Ciuinca, an J th.t both had i:e:n
driven oft' by the Poriuguefe ualley. i th.; at
the Miniijri\ firft auiv.il, C.ipc.iin Cirlit, ;.nd
a merclianf, with a dozen mariners, wire be-
trayed by the negros to ihi- Hortiigii'le, with ulioin
they renuiiiied prifoners J and th.it the lliip'- had h-ft
fo many men, through want of fnih wal'r, .ih I other
accidents, th.it it was a great doubt whether iholc
lalt would be able to bring them home.

A VOYAGE TO THE ISLANDS of CAPE VERD by CAPTAIN
GEORGE FENNER, in 1566.

THREE fliips were employed In this voyage, the
Caftlc of Comiort, George Fenner, general,
and William Bats, malUr; the May-flowir, Captain
Edward Fenner, vtce-admiral, and William Curtis,
mailer j and tiie George, a fmall bark, John
Heiwood, captain, and John Smith of Southanjpton,
mafter; befldes a pinnace. On the loth of Decem-
ber, 1566, they left Plymouth J on the I2th, they
Were thwart of Ulhant i and on the 15th, in the
morning, had fight of Cape pinifterre. The fame
night, they loft company of their admiral ; therefore
they failed along the coaft of Portugal, hoping th:it
he nad been before them. On the iSih, they met
with a French Ihip, who bringing no tidings of their
admiral, they followed their courfe to tlic Canary
iflands. On the 25th, in the morning, they fell in
With Porto Santo 1 ;.nd within three hours had light
of Madeira, fix leagues diftant. The fame il:iy,
they hoifted out the boat, and brought on btiard tlitm
Mr. Edward Fenner, captain of the May-flower,
(who was then with the mafter, Robert Curtis, and
others, in the George) and feafted thtm with fuch
as they had. On the 28th, they fell in with
the ifland TenerilFe, twenty-lcven le.igues from the
former; and caft anchor on the eaft fide, in forty
fathom water, a bafe (hot from ihore, within a little
bay, where there were thite or four fmall houfes,
nboutaleague diftant from thelittle town called Santa
Cruz. From their (hips they could fee the Grand
Canary, fix or feven leagues diftant. On the
29th, the May-flower, not being able to get into the
road for the wind, bore in with Santa Cruz, thinking
to ca(t anchor in the road at!,3inft the town ; but
before (he came within reach of their ordnance, they
fliot at her four pieces, wb'ch caufing her to retire,
flic came at laft to anchor near the George, about one
m the afternoon! a he captain wrote a letter direiSed
to the head officer of Santn Cruz, to know the realbn
of his being (hot at. The letter was given to
Curti<;, and Walker Wren, who, with fix men in
the boat, ro*cd as near the (horc as they durft, the
featheic runningextremely high. The people ftanding
by the water- fide, about thirty in number, with
fuch armour as they had. Wren called to them in
8pani(h, to let them know that they had a letter for
Santa Cruz, and wanted to have it conveyed thither.
One of the Spaniards delired them to land, faying
they (hould be welcome: but doubting the wotft.
Wren anf.\ered, that they would ftay till they had
an anfwer to their letter. On this, one of the Spa-
niards ftrippinu, leapt into the water, and fwam to the
boat : he was received in, and after laluting them,
dc».>.. led what their rcqueft was.' thry made anfwer,

informed, that the admir

had been there iLven ilays

before, and was gone to Goraera, they fet fail foon
after to feek him. On the 6th, they found the
admiral at anchor in the road before the town of
Gomera, there alfo they met with Edward Cook, in <
large fti'p; and a fhip of the copper-fmiths of Lon-
don; which the Portuguife had treacheroufly furprill J
in the bay of Santn Cruz, on the coaft of Barbary, and
\Vas .ill fpoiled. The general and merchants, boujjht
in this town, for their provifion--, fourteen pipes
of wine, at the rate of fifteerl ducats a pipe ;
which had been ofFercd thein in Santa Cruz, in
TencrifFe, for eight, nine; and ten ducats. On
the gth, they departed from this road :o another bay,

about

3.H

*5C.6.

that by misfortune they had loft the company of th( ir
admiral, and being bound to this ifland ■..) traflic for
wines and other tilings, were dehrnis to ftjy tli _• ill
he ariivid. The Spaniaid promifi.l to carry the let-
ter without delay ; and Wren h.iving fevicd it up in
a bladder, delivered i: him, i^iving four rials of
Spanilh money for his trouble. Ail.r he had re-
turned to IhoiT, and talL.d to the peopl', fome of
til .111 thri-w up their hats, and others |Uillcd tliciimff,
lahitinr th^; Kna;liih, (till inviting then to land :
but having returned trteir courtefv, they rowid back
a;;ain to the (hip. On the 30th, the governor's
brother of Santa Cruz, came on board the May-
flower, with fix or fevcn Spaniards ; who ccnelud.;d
with the captain, tiiat the Engl Ih might 1. .; ■ ::iid
tra.'fic. They were all well cntertaiiud ; and at
their departure, the captain ordvieil four piucs of
ordnance to be (hotofl^ and beftowed u]<on thim no
cheefes, with otln-r things. The S|iaii:.rJ pioiii'l'id
the ca|yr,nii, that he (lionld hive fuflici. nt pk,' cs
next day ; which not being perfuntJ, ihey grci.V
fufpleious and moft of them wvnt not on ihore.

The captain however, Ant Nichol.is Diy and John
Sumpter, on (hore, on the 21ft of J.muarv, who
were well entertained, with as many of the company
as went. " In TenerifFe, fays our author, is a
marvllous high hill, callid the' Peak, which a- far
off" is more like a cloud than any thing elfe, it Is
round, and fomcthing fmall at top. It iias not
been known, that "vcr any man was at the top : and
and altliodgh it ftanJ.; in twenty-eight degrees, wliLtc
it was as hot in January, as it is in' Enelaiul at
iMidfummer, yet is the fummit feldom without fnow,
both winter and fiimmer. About two leagues from
the laid Santa Cruz, is a city called Anagona."
(Jn thi- 3 1, they removed toward^ tbcvvtft.Tn parts of
the ifland, twelve or fourttcn leagues from Santa
Cruz, and on the 5th, caft anclio'-' ih a bay, over-
.igainrt the hoiifeof one Pctro de Soufes ; where b in-^

'1^-

"13a

VOYAGES OF THE ENGLISH,

1566

about three leagues off, and there took in iVLih water.
' Thr lOth they fct fail tow^irds Cipc Blake, on tlic
co,i(l of Uuincn. On the 12th, the) loll into utia^
to the ealt of Cape Pargos, 35 leagues from the other;
but having no knowledge of th;it coall, they went
for C.ipe Blake; and at the fall of the lanil they
ioMndeil, and h:id 16 fathoms water two leagues from
the (h'lre. 1°he land is very low, and a white fand
upon the f.ill of the cojft. On the 17th, ftiaping
their couric fouth by caft, and fouth from Capr Hl;ike,
they fell into a bay about 16 leagues to the e-.i(t of
Cajie Verde, and fix (roiii fliore ; the land bein;^ full
of hiimmncks with high trees on thcni, fcemeJ like a
j:reat iiumbtrof Ibipsunder fail : they flood towardsilic
l.md, till tliey were within three leagues of the flinK ;
and then foundint;, found 28 fatliums water black
ooze. This day, tliey faw many (hoals of fifli, fwnn-
ming even with the furfuce of the water. I'afling
along the coafl, they obfervcd two fmall round hills,
(yet the hiifliell they faw all day) fecming to be u
league from the other, which is the cape j and betweei.
them abundance of trees.

On the 29th they came to anchor at the cape, half
a mile from land, in a road dole by the fide of two
hills, in 10 fathoms water, where Ihips may ride jn
live or fix i for the ground clean, and the wind was
always oiY ftiore. As loon as they were all at anchor,
the general and captains, virith the mailers, went
un board the George, and havinu dined, concluded to
land i ?nd by the advice of Mr. Bats, both captain
and merchants, and many of the company ; went
without arms, though againll their wills ; ' he faid
that although the people were black, and naked, yet
they were civil. There went on ftiovc the admiral's
dcil^', and the May-flower's boat, and in them about
20 perfons, as the general, his brother Thomas Va-
lentine, John Worme, and Francis Leigh, mer-
chants, John Howard, Thomas Bats, Nicholas Day,
John I'hompfon, and others. At their landing, there
were above 100 negros, without their bows and
arrows, walking to and fro, as could be perceived
from the (hips. The captains and merchants talked
with them ; and according to the cuftom of the rnun-
try, they demanded pledges of each ncKei. The ne-
gros were content tu deliver three of their men for
ni'c KM'iiCi.incn, who were John Howard, William
Bats, N icholas Day, John Thompfon, and John Cur-
tis. Thefc were delivered them. They then began
to talkof bufinefs. I'he Englilh gave them to un-
derftand, that they had brought woollen cloth,
linen cloth, iron, chcefe, and other things. The
negros, in their turn, let them know, that they had
civet, muflc, gold and pepper, which pleafed the cap-
tain and mercTiants very well ; who at the negros
rcqucft, diredtly fent on board one of the boats
for part of their merchandife to ihew them. In the
mean time the five pledges walked on the (horc with
the negros, and the commander with the rcll, (laid in
the other boat by the fea-fide, having the three negros
with them. The boat being returned, brought iron,
and other merchandife, with bread, wine, and cheefe,
which they gave the negros. Then two of the pledges
feigning themfelves fick, defired to goon (hore, pro-
niifing to fend two others in their Head, Captain
Howard perceiving his men had let the negros come
on (hore, afkcd what they meant, and doubting the
worft, began to draw towards the boat ; two or three
of the negros followed liin> ; and when he came to
the boat, would have (lopped him. He made figns
that he would fetch them more drink and bread ; not-
wiihllanding which, one of them caught him by the
breeches, to pull him back ; but he fpringing from
him, leaped into the boat. As foon as he was in,
one of the negros on (horc, began to blow a pipe ;
whereupon the third negro pledge, who was fitting on
the boat's fide, and ^fr. Worme's fword by him,
fuddenly drew it out of the fcabbard, and leaping
into the fea, fwam to (hore. Soon after this, the
negros laid hands on the Engli(h that were on (hore,
and violently tore the cloatbsoiF the back« of Day,

Bats, and Thompfon, leaving them naked ; they alf«>
(hot fo thick into the boat, that they could hardly fei
hand to the oafs to row (rom the (horc. Many o(
them were hurt with their poifoncd ario'A s. The pcr-
fon is incurable, if the a''row enters the (kin, and
draw^ blood, unlefs it is immediately fucked out, or
the woundetl part be cut away ; for othcrwife he dies
in four days. Within three hourk after the hurt,
wherefoever it br, it ftrikes to the heart, taking
away the appetite, and caufinir violent vomitings,
the parly loathing both meal andorink. 'I'he negros,
aft^r they had iileil the pledge!! fo roughly, led thtin
aw.y to a town, about a mile from the watcr-fidc.
Next day the (kiff was fent on ihore with eight per.
('on', one of whom was the afnnfaid John 'I'hompibn,
and the interpreter, a Frenchman, (for one o( the
ncgrus fpokc good French:) they can icd with them

tAo harquebulivs, and two targets. I'he caule

of fending them was, to learn what ranfom they
demanded for Bats and Day, whom they detained.
I'he negro being made acquainted with wh.it they came
about, 40 or 50 of them went and fetched them from
among the trees. Being come within a Hone's tlirow of
the fea-fide, William Bats broicu from them, (for they
were not bound) and ran as fall as he could into the
fea towards the boat ; but hap|>encd to fall jull as he
had entered the water, cither by being out of bicath,
or his foot dipping in the fand, which wat fofr, tJia
negros came up before he could recover himfelf, and
feixing him, hauled him fo, that the rcll thought
they would have torn him in pieces. Having torn the
cloaths off his back again, fome of them hurried him
and his brother in afflidion away to their town : the
rcll (hot at thofe who came to ranfom them with theic
poifoned arrows, and hurt one Andrews in the finall
of his leg, whofe life the furgjcon had much ado to
fjve. Notwithllanding all this, the admiral fent
once more to them, offering any thing they defired
for the ranfom of the Englilhmen, but then would not
deliver them ; returning rb;s stniwer, Fhat threa
wetks before the;.' aitival, an Englilh (hip came into
tharr<7ie£, and carried off three negros; fo that till
fuch time as they were brought again, they would
not rellorc thtir men, even though they (hould give

their three (hips to releall- them. On the 21ft, a

French (hip of tio tons arrived in the road, to traffic
at the cape ; the Englilli told them of their detain-
ing their two men, and perceiving tlicy were in
great favour with the negros, inlreated them to ne-
gociate their ranfom, the admiral promifing to p.iy
him I col. in cafe he procured their leleafe, and
brought them off; and having thus committed the
matter to his care, departed. Of the men who were
hurt by the negros arrows, four died ; and one (0 fave
his life, had his arm cut off; Andrews continued
lame, not able to help himfelf ; and only two reco*
vered of their wounds. <

They left Cape Verde on the 26th, and on the
z8th fell in with Bona Vifta, 86 leagues diftant ; the
fame day they came to an anchor about a league with
the wellermoll point, and found in the founding, hit
fand in 10 fathoms water; but (hips may approach
the (horc, till within five or fix fathoms ; for the
ground is clean. As C'vm as they were at anchor*
the general fent his pinnace to land, and found five
or fix fmall houfes, but the people were ded to the
mountains. Next day he fent again, and met witH
two Portuguefe, who willingly went on board with his
men. He made them welcome, although they were
but poor ; and having given each a pair of (hoes, or-
deri-d them to be let albore again. The 30th, they
came to a bay in a fmall ifland, about a league diflant,
lyine in 16 degrees, and took plenty of divers forti
of ROx.

The next day the admiral, with fome of his men,
went on (hore to the houfes, where he found 12 Portu-
guefe. In all the ifland there were not above 30 per-,
Ions, who were banifhed men, fome for more years,
fome for Icfs ; and amongft them, there was one Am-
ple man, who was their captain. They live upon
7 gnatt

to C. I' I N r A AND T li E E A S t INDIES,

3.1 1

{;nats flcft), cocks, liens, and frcfii \va;i r : otlur vic-
luali imy had noii", c\ci|)lii;,; ii(h, which Ihcy il-
Uiincd not; neither li.uc Ih. y any boats to (.^ileli
Ihtiii. I liry riporicil that this id.imi was jjivii' hy the
king ot I'ortu^al to one ot his geiuliincn, wlio h.ul
Jet It out to rent nt too ducats a year, which Cum was
railul out ot fkinsoniyi for if they may be credited,
40,000 of thele flsins have been lent trom hence to
roitui;.il in one year. 'I'hefe people made tlic Kiig-
lilh very welcome, and entertained them to the bell ol
their power. 'I'hey gave them tlic flefli of as many
eoats as they would have, taking much pains to
catch and bring them from the mountains 011 their
affes.

On the 3d of February they departed, and the fame
day fell in with the ifland of Mayo, which is four-
teen leagues from the former. In the middle between
both there is a rock to be fccn. They anchored on the
north-weft fide of the ille in a fine bay, where there
was eight fathoms water, and white land ; but on the
Ath departed, and came to St. J.igo, about five leagues
Jiftant, caft and by foutli. Hemg arrived within the
weftcrmoft point, they faw a fine road, and a fmall
town by the watcr-fidc, with a fort, or plat-form by
it. There they propoi'ed to come to anchor, and the
merchant! to fell fome goods; but before they came
within Ihot, two cannons weredileharged at them, on
which they turned off; and failing along the fhore two
orthreclcagr caft anchor in a fmall bay, ini4fa
thorns, and good ground. t)n the fliorc, there were
two or three little hbufes. Within an hour after they
oblcrved a number of horfe and foot on the land,
right againft them, riding and running to and fro.

A great company of both fexes appearing the next
ilay on the fnorc, the admiral fent to know if they
were willing to traffic with them. They fcnt word
that they would be glad to fpcak to him, promifin;j,
that if he came to trade as a merchant, he ihoiild be
welcome, and be fupplied with whatever he fliould
in r.-alon demand.— —With this anfwcr he and
and the whole company being very well plcafed, he
theretore ordered his iioats to be made ready j but for
fear of treachery, caufed them to be armed, putting
a double b.ife in the head of his pinnace, and two
fingle bales in the head of the (kift'. 'I'hc boats of the
Mayflower, and the George, were put in the fame
pollute of defence.

'I'hus the commander went in his fkiff towards the
Ihoie, where there were 60 horfemcn or more, and
aco foot, all armed, ready to receive them. Hut
being alarmed at their number, he fent one with a
flag of truce, to know their pleafurc. 'l"hey fcnt
back word, with many fair promifcs and oaths, that
their intentions were linccre, and that they meant like
gentlemen and merchants to traffic with him ; add-
ing, tliat their captain was coming to fpcak with
him, and therefore defired that the Englifh would
land. On the return of the mefienger with this an-
iwer, the general caufed his pinnace to row forward j
and as he drew near the fhore, the Portuguefe came in
a great company in the moll footliing manner, ftretch-
ingout their aritis, and bowing thcmfelvcs with their
bonnets oft", carneftly defiring the admiral and mer-
chants to land ; which yet he would not confent to,
without fuSicient pledges. At length, they agreed to
fenil two fuch as he (liould approve of, promifin;.^ at
the fame time, to let theii have frefti w ater, vichials,
money, or negros for wares, if they were fuch as
they liked J defiring that a hill of parcels might be
ftiu them, with the names and quantities of the fcve-
ral commodities. The admiral promilc-d it ftiould be
done ; and being gone a little from the fliore, caufed
his bales, and iMrijuerhuftl-y, to be ftiot uft'j the
fllins, in like maniui, difcharged five or fix pieces
of great ordnance. Moft of the Portuguefe departed,
cxpci'ling fuch is were to watch and receive the note,
which W.1S fent about four in the afternoon.

1 hrco leagues to the wcHward, behind a point,
was a town clofc to the fea-fide, v\herc, with all fpeed,
th.-y made ready four carav.il?, and two brigantines,
VwL. I. No. ^9.

which wcr; likc''alUys, furnifiiii.,' them lolh with 15^/1

ir..\ny as tliiy could t.irry ;

men and <.rdn:ince

a.-. Iiioii as it was night, t.inie row iiig dole under t!;e
Ihore towards the (hips, fo that the litnd bein;_' high,
and the weather foiiuthiiig ha/y, the Kn|.lilh tould
not lee them till ihty were jiili ag.iiiift the May-
flower. Jiv this time it was ime or two in the morn-
ing, and the Mayflower riding nearir th.in than tin-
other two, by a b.ife fhot, ihiyniade.i lure account
either to have taken or burnt lur. In the mean
time, thofe on the watch, (little lufpeifting any tna-
ehcry, after fo many fair promiks) ninde fuch a noife,
fingiiig and playing, that there being hut a fmall galu
of wind, they might be heard from the ftlore ; they
wcrefo taken up v\ith their mirth, th:it they did not
obferve the motions of their pretended fri'iuls ; nei-
ther had they one piece of cannon primed, or any
one thing in leadinefs. They were within gun-(hoi
of the Knglilh before they were perceived, when om:
of the men happened to fee a light, looked out, and
efpied the (our (hips : he fuddenly cried out, (j.dleys •
galleys ! at which cry they were all amazed. At tl:^-
lame time the I'ortugucle (liot ofV their ordiKince,
their harqucbuftl's, and then ligliting their car-
tridges of wild-fiie, came on with great fliouts, an-
fwered by thofc on the Ihorc, ftill approaching nearer
and nearer to the Mayflower, which getting ready one
gun, (hot at, and put them to the (land. Soon after
the enemy charged again, and gave them another broad
fide, during which theKnglKh had got 3 pieces ready,
and let them oft'a(i;cond time. Notwithllanding this,
the Portuguefe advanced, and at length approached ("0
near, as to be within arrow's fiiot. Whereupon they
having a gale of wind from Ihore, hoifted their fore-
fail, and cutting their cable at the hawlc, went to-
wards the admiral; yet the Portugucle continued fol-
lowing and (hooting at them, and Ibmctimes at the
admiral: but the admiral lent them one (liot, which
made them retire, and at length they went awav.
Although the Portuguefe came on them by furprile,
and poured in all their bullets at once, neither m:Mt
nor boy was hurt ; but what damage was done to the
enemy, the Englilh could not tell.

They now thought it belt to ftay there no longer,
but immediately fct fail towards Fuego, 12 leagues
from thence, and came to anchor on the i ith againft
a white chapel, within a league of the moft wefterrt
end of the ifland, and half a league ofF a little town.
In this ifland was a very high hill, which burnt
continually, and the inhabitants reported, that about
three years before, the whole country had like to have
been burnt, with the abundance of fire that ilTucd
out. About a league to the weft of the chapel, was a
good fpring of frelh water, with which they were fup-
plied. They have no wheat here ; but there grows a
(ced they call Mill (or Millet) which makes good
bread, and peafc like thofe of Guinea. They have
likewife plenty of moft kinds of hearts, and goats.
Their merchandife is cotton, which grows there.
The inhabitants are Portuguefe, who are forbidden to
traffic with the EngIKh or French, for vidlualsor any
other thing, except they are compelled to it. There
lies off this ifland another called Biava, which
is not more than two leagues over. Here is (tore
of goats, and many trees, but not above three or four
pcrfons dwelling in it. Shaping their courfe on the
25th of February, towards the iflands of Azores, on
the 23d of March, they had fight of Flores, and Cor-
vo, about two leagues to the north-weft of it,
where they came 'to anchor on the 27th, oppofite a
village of about 12 indifFcrent houfes; but in the
night being difturbed by a gale of wind, which caufed
them to drag their anchors, they hoifted fail, and went
to Flores, where they faw furprifing (trcams of wa-
ter defccnding from the high cliff's, occafioned by the
great and fudden fall of rain.

On the 29th, they came again to Corvo, and caff

(anchor; but a ftorm (which continued feven or eight
hours together) obliged them to flip a cable and
anchor, thinking to have recovered tbeoi again,
4 R- when

^■..

3J*

V O Y A (5 E S OF THE ENGLISH

( 1

when the wind WIS all.iycit i but tliu Port iir;iK Ce liail
Ci'.'i. r . iica or IjioiUj tliiiii. Uuili to;;«.'thpr wtic
Wuuii II .yc fur,) |) ,uikI^. (Jii tlir iSih of April,
they tujk in w..tii .it !• lores ; licrc llKir cubic Ikmi;;
frat;il witha rciU, liii<ki', uiiJ wii!i ii thiy lull iiiiu-
thii iinihor. I tun they fet l.iil m I'.u.il, almut
ul,ii.li lifi tlircc othiT ill.imls, lmIIlJ I'ia>, S.iint
(icjiiji-, jiiii Cir.Kiof.i, whuji thiy luil fii;ht vi iin
th'J iitli. Ali.i ua tlic 29th, tlit-y call ;\ni.iiori)ii tlif
liiu;ii-.\clt lii'i of I'.iyii, 111 a line ba\ , with tviiiu)
tuu) taihcMi, svatcr, againll a little town, « luri.- they
llail h( til In 111 water an. I victuals. In this iilaiiJ there
crows _, ri.il wooj i which, according to the inha-
bitani;, i.s in better than the wuud cither of St.
Mil nail or 'I'lrccra.

J ncy came to I'crcera 011 the bth of May, where
th'-y n.ct with a I'ortiijjiufe (liip, and bciiijj deliitutc
of a c.ib'...- and anchcr, the jMural caufed tlicni to
keep her company, to lie if (ho could conveniently
(pare llv.in an\. Tlic next iiu riiiiij;, ll-.cy perceived
beariiii; with tnem a great lliip and iwo car.ivals, all
Well appointed, which as they judjj'd, were of the
Iciiij; of PortUjjal's fleet j on which the Eiiglilh
prepared thenilelvcs lor their delcnce. I'lu'lhili

was one of the king's, ha\ iiv; about 400 tons
biird..ii, witli 300 men, being well .ippoiiited with
brals cannon, lime of them To hijr, that their (hot
was Hi laryi as a man's hc:\d. As loon as thrv wire
wiih.n foot of the admiral, they biaiidiflied their
iworils, and /hot at her; and while ihi men prepared
(:r their datiice, the gicat ihip dilchari-ed a whole
broail-lidc at her, and tli; four largelk guns that lay in
lier licrn ; u hereby foinc of the crew were hurt j the
rcif rcijuiting them as well as ihiy couUl with their
fliot. After this, two other c.ir.<\al-, and two pin-
naces full of men, came from Ihoic, and delueied
them on boaid the ureal Ihipj with which, and the
c.tr.Tval, the .idmirar fought three limes the firft day.
When It giew dailc, thty left oil" ihootinir ; yet lli'll
kept up with her all nijjht ; durin:; which interval,
the f.iilors wire cniplovcd to mend the ropes, and
ftreiij^lhen their bulwarks, rtfohin;; rather ti die
than b. taictii by thcin. On the loth, in the morn-
ing, there wcrecoine toaid llie PortUj^uere, foutj^reat
c.'iiavals moie, (which made leven in all) three ol
them Were, at lead, of lOO tons burden each, well
appointed,' and full of men. They all bore down
upon the admiral, and one of the crcat caravals
came to lay her aboari!, having prepared their
nettings, and every thing elll- for that puriiofe,
advancing on her larboard, and the caravai on
her Iturboard. The captain and mafter perceiving
their defi^n, ordered tlic gunners to charge the
guns wiiTi crof>-bar.'i, chain and hail-fljot. As
toon as the fhip and caraval were rij;lit in her fides ;
they poured in their (hot as fad as they could, think-
ing to have laid licr Coon aboard ; whereon (lie
gave tliem I'uch a welcome with both her fides at once,

tiiat they were glad to fall a-(lcrn, and paufe upon it
the lp.ice of two or three hours, the wind being very
fmall. Tlieii came u)> the other five, and h;uing all
(hot at her, fell a-llcra likewife, and went to coufult
with the re(l. In the mean time, the (iii.ill bark,
tienrge, coining up, conferred u good while with the
admiral j then perceiving the Portiigiule videlu
alvance, dropped aftcrn of het, intending to come up
a^^ain i but falling to leeward, it was lo long before
(he could till her (ails a;;aiii, for want of wind, that
both the riilp mid caiavaU wcrccome up to the adini*
ral. However, the bark falling in among them,
played her part very well, and though live of the
cjiavals followed her, (he defended heilcll againll:
tlieiii all, while the great (hip and other caravals,
attacked the adiniral, and fouf.ht her all that day witli
their ordnance. 'I 'hat night the iVl.iy- flower coming up,
(which (he could not do before for want of wind) the
c.i|)tain told them what damage had been done him ;
and defiled, if they could fpare h?lf a dozen frefli men,
to hoift out their boat, and fend them to him ) but
they faid they could not, and fo bore away again.
Next niornliij/, when the enemy law the KngIKh
(hips Kill departed, they came up to the admiral oncu
more, and began a furious light, with much (lioiit-
ing and nolle, thinking ei:lier to board or finic
her i the Kn'^lKh failors, (although their number
was but Ihiall) that the enei.iv (liould not think
them afraid, made as much (liouting as they could,
and waved to them to come and board them if they
durlt. That they would not venture to do, feclni;
them fo courageous, and having fought the admiral's
(hip all that day, were at lall obli.jed to cjuit her.
The M.iy-llower came the next morning, and
brought (i.x men to the admiral, taking b»ck fomc that
werewoundeil in return. — —

Proceidlii:; now for Knglanil, they came in fi;;ht of
the I,iiard on the 2d of June i and on the 3d, they
(aw a Poriu^uefe veifel, which they ordered to fend a
boat on board them ; and demanded what was their
lading? 'Ko which, they anfweied, fugar and cotton,
'ihen the Knglifh captain (hewing them five ncgros,
alfied whether they would buy thein, which they
appt.irlng very defirous to do, agreed to give forty
fmall ehclls for them. Five of thcl'c had been deli-
veicd, when the Englifliman perceivcdalaige Ihip ami
a fmall one bearing down upon him, defircd them to
take their fugar back, that he might prepare for his
defeiKc. Jjut the trading velltl tarnellly intrcatinf;
the admiral not to leave her, the latter agreed, and
lowered her topfails to wait for her. At length how-
ever, the fuppofed enemy (hcered off; and the
Engliflimen, purfuing their courlc, faw the Start Point
on the 5th of June, and came to anchor under the
Iflc of Wight, from whence they afterwards pin-
ceeded to Southampton, and thus completed their
voyage without farther moUdaiion.

VOYAGES TO BENIN beyond GUINEA, in ijSS, and 1590,

B Y J A M E S W E L S II.

THESE voyages were fet forth by Me(rrs. Bird
and Newton, merchants of London, with a
(hip called the Richard of Arundel, burthen lOOtons,
and a pinnace. On the 1 2th of Odobcr, weighing
anchor from Ratcli(F, they went to Dlackwall, and
nnxt day f.:i!cd from thence : but by rcafon of con-
trary winds and bad weather, it was the 25tli, before
they reached Plymouth ; where they were unluckily
wcath-r-bniind till the 14th of December, when
putting to fca, about midnight they were athwart of
the Lizard.

On the 2d of January, they had fight of the land
near Rio del Oro ; anti there had twenty-two degrees
forty-feven minutes latitude. On the 3d, they had
fight of Cape De las Barbas, bearing fouth-ea(t, five
leagues off; on the 4th, in the morning, Croliers j
and on the 7th, oflf" Cape Vcrd ; where Welflj found
the latitude, fourteen degrees and forty-three
minutes, being four leagues from the (liore. On the
17th, Cape de S'lont, bore from them north-north-eaft,
they founded, and had fifty fathoms black ooze i anil
6 at

TO G U I N i: A AND THE EAST I N D I K

131

■,<)0,

ic bnJ
Icgrees
cy had
}, five
oilers i
found
-three
On the
h-caft,
and
at

•t two o'clock, it lay north-noiih-v.TlV, ei-ht leagues
oft'. Cape M. iifuLiilo bore oil' ihini calt hy I'outh,
HiiJ wcnl nortli-iail with (hi: ccull, Hi re the tiii leni
f.-is e,ill-limih t.iH ;iloii;^' the Ihore. At miilnighl
they (ounJtd, juJ h.ul tiunty-lix L.thonis bl.:tk oo/.c.
On tlic i8ih, ill iIk- nioriiiiii,', thiy wtie neai a
luml much lilc- Cape Venl, nine kNi(;iies (as tliu
aiilhor juilgiii) tidiii Cape MinluraJo. it n a hill
ftddle-batlinl i ami there are l.iur or liie one alter
anoil.Lrj iivc.i .■ ,;ucs more to the luuiiiAaril, they
law a row ol laJ.ili -batked hills, and from Menliirailo
run many mountains.

Thiy were in tlie hrightnfRioJel Seftos.onthc iqth,
an i next day, Cape Ui - liai/as was iiorili and by wed,
tiny bi'inn; tour leai;ues ort" ilion . In ihe atUriioon,
tlliiecaiiii. a boat with tiirti- lUiiro^, from a plate as
(as they laid) calKd rahunooi aiiJ towards eveii'ii^",
they were oppolhc an illand, with a great many Iniall
ill inds or roek', to the louihwaid. 'I'lie current
cain^ from the !■ utli ; they lounJed, and li.ij thirty-
fivi latlioms. OiithezilV, they law a flat lull, bear-
in;^ II jtth-iiorth -Lilt, beiim lour leagues from (horc ;
and at two o'clock in the af.ernoon, Ipokc with a
Frenchman, riding by a place tall J Crua. I his
Frencnman carried a Kttcrfrom them to Mr. New ton,
(one of the uJventiin-is). And as th'y lay at hull,
while the letter \'. as wiiting, the turr.nt let them
to the fouthwaul, a good Ipiice along th.' Ilioro,
fouth-foutli-e.ili. (Jn the .'ith, they weie in llu
height of the bay, that is I" the w<ll of Cape 'Ires
Puiitas; the cur.-eiit kttiiit; eail-nuilh-eall. On ihe
aUth, they 1 ly lix glalils a hull. Haying for the
pinnace. The laft of January, at feveii in the
irniininu', they were up with the middle part ol the
Ca)>e, (liKL leagues dillant. At tight, the piMin.ci
came to anchor, and they found tiie curient let to
the tallward. At lix at night, the ulternioll land
bore e.dt by fouih, five leagues, they (h.iping ihcir
courle fouth-wefi, and fouth-weil-liy-louth. On
the I ft of February, they were oppofitea very round
foreland, which they took for the calitrmolf
part of the Cape i within the fore-land wasa'^reat
bay, and in tint an illand. On the 2d. th'y v'cre
up with the cidle of Mina, and when the third glafs
of their liK>k-out was fpent, fpied under their larboard
quarter, a boat *itli certain negros, and one I'ortu-
guefc in it. 'I"he mifter would have had hiin come
onboard, but he would not. I'pon the high rocks
over the call!-, they perceivid two watch-houfes, (fo
they firmed to them) which ap|icartd very white;
they IKered cafl-iiorth-ealf. On tha 4th, in the
morning, they were oppofitc .n great high hill, (.uul
up in the land, there were more hii;,h, ragged lulls)
but little ftior;, as they reckoned, of Monte Rodon-
do, and twenty leagues I'outh-ealtward from the
Mina. At eleven, the mafttr faw two hills within
land, feecn leagues from the former ; and to the
feawaid a bay, at the call end whereof, was anotlier
hill ( the land from the hills lyina very low. Their
courfc waseaft-north-eaft, and tali by north, twenty-
two leagues i and then cart along the (horc. On the
6th, they were ftiort of Villa Lon;>a, .ind met with a
Portii-uefc caraval. Next day, which was fair and
tenipMate, they rode before \ ilia Longa. On the
8th, at noon, they let fail again, and ten leagues
from thence anchored, flaying all that night in ten
fathoms >vater. On the gth, they proceeded along the
ihore, which was bordered with very thick woods;
and in the afternoon, were near a river, to the
caftward of which, a little way off was a great high
tree, fccmingly without leaves ; at night they an-
chored, the weather being fair and tcm|>cratc. The
10th, they went eaft, and cafl-'jy-fouth, fourteen
leagues along the ihore j which was covered with very
thick woods. Towards night, they anchored in

* Th.it in all iIil- time of tlicir flayirj'. in the mouth of tlie
river Benin, nnil all the cuall tltcicabo\it ; it w.i^ t.iii tcmjiern'e
WUthcr, when lUe wiud wan at luuih-wcUj and when at

feven f.illiomsi th? weather fair. Onilieillh, thry
failed tali by foiitli, and three I agues Irom Ihore,
h.idhut five fathoms water. All the wood upmi th:
land was as even as if it h.id been cut with 'gardener's
ihetrs. Running two leagu--, they difcovrred a high
tuft of trees upon the brow of a land, which (hewed
likea porpniu's he.id I and when they ramc at it,
l.iuiid it was hut part of the land. A lea'!;uc farther,
they law a very low head-land lull of trees i and great
way from the Ihore, meeting w ith very (hallow water,
th( v went more to fca to avoid the lands, and then
the) anchored in the mouth of the River Java, in five
lathi ms water. On the 12th, they fcnt the pinnace
and the boat to find with the meicliants, who re-
turned not till next mornin;';. Ihe (hallowelt part
of this river, is towards the well whcic there i^ but
four fathoms and a half; and it is very broad. Here
tilt current fitting wrflwaid j and the enllermoll land
is hi.;hi r than the weltermoft. On the 13th, they
let l.iil, and by fouth-fouili-eall aloii;; t!ie ihore, v. h' rc
tile trees are wonderfully even. fLuiiij; runeightceii
leagues, they had light of a great river, and anehoieJ
in three fathoms and a halt, the current running
Wtftward. 'I'his was the rivir <:', Hi'iiin, and two
leagues from fliore it is very (hallow. On thr 15th,
they f nt the boat and pinnaic into the river with the
merchants; and hec.iik- they rode in ihallow water,
wi lit louih-louth-eart till thi y came into five fathoms.
Hy this time the boat returned from the harbour, and
went on board the pinnace. The land to the weft-
ward was high browed, while that to the eallward
was lower, and Ind on it three tufts of trces^
like (lacks of com. FTeie they rode from the 14th of
lebiii.iry, till the 14th of April, with the wind at
loiith-»( ft. On the 16th of ftbruary, the boat and
pinnae ■ came to t!icm apain out of the river, and told
liicm, that llicr.- v. as but ten feet water upon t!ie
bar. All that night was hazy, and yet relon..bly
tinipcratc. Onthel7'li, at dole of day, the wind
at fouth-wcll ftill, the inerchaiits put their goods on
board the pinnace. There came a great current out
of the river, and fet to the WLllwaid. Next day they
went with their goods into the river. 'I'he weather
w.as clofc and hazy, with thund-T, rain, and
lightning. 'I'he 24th, in the morning, dole and
temperate; in the afternoon, the boat came out of
the river from the merchants. On the 4th of March,
a dole fultry hot morning, the current went to the
wcftward, and much troubled water came out of the
river. On the i6th, the pinnace came on boRrd with
Anthony Ingram in her, and brought ninety-four bags
of pcpjjcr, and twenty-eight elephants teeth; bur the
mailer of her, ainl all the company were fick. This
was a temperate day, and the wind at South-weft,
and continued fo for three days. On the igth, the
pinnace went into the river again, and carried the
purfer and furgeon. On the 25th, they f. nt the
boat into the river. On the 30th, the pinnace came
from Henin, and brought 159 cerons or lacks of
pepper, and elephants teeth, with the Ibrrowful
news, that Thomas Heinfted was dead, and their
captain alfo. They fet fail homewards on the
13th of April, in the morning, with the wind .it
fouth-weft, and (food we(t-and-by-north. — But it
proved calm all that night ; and the current ran
fouth-eaft. On the 14th, being feven Irr.ijues from
(horc, the river of Benin was north-caft. I'hcre was
little wind all day ; and towards night it was calm. •
The lythwas a fair temperate dav, the wind va-
riable ; and they found the latitude four de; cs 20
minutes. The 25th, was a day altogether like the
former ; and here they had three degrees and 29 min.
of l.ttitude. The 8th of May, they had fight of the
(hore, which was part of Cape de Monte, but they
did not think they had been fo far : this was occa-

fioncd

north-caO, and northcrlvi it rained, with lightning tai
thunder, and was very intcnipcrait.

I56C

3o»

VOYAGES OF THE E N f) L I 5 I!

1500 (io:n.'«l bv the furr^nt-. In thi-. i').nv Mr. 'Inwcrfor
> I , — ■< Wot in like iiianiicr tiictivv'. (Jit ihc (iili chiy hiul fiyhl
ot Cipe ilr Mi)ntc. Tlu- 171I1, u.t% u liaik U.y/)
djy i juid tn the iiifjht, 1 .,c author Um llit- Noi ili Sur
lut che lird tune. The Jliih wj^ * tuiipi'r.iic djy,
Willi little wiii'l, .iiivl :hiy were 111 n lieLTcct 13111111.
iif UtiluJf, 'J'hc I ^lU thiy nKt wiih 4 or^t fra out
ui tho iiuith-u\'l( ihc oih ul jiiiiv iTii.'y found it
jj ti'iTi|Hi.Ui i« ii ihcy h.ul been in Ln);l.in(l, .nnd yet
they were ujihin the lK'ii;lil 01' ilie lun : fur it t^a^
ileciineO n degrees and zfi iiiniul«»lo the nonliward,
jiml they h.itl i5dct>rci'H il Utiiude. The 2dth the^
luJ the Unic fui c UI HciUiir, a>id met with a counter 1
lui Hum '.he I'Aiilu {

i)a the ijih ot JiiK, in i, dej^rccs of latitude,!
lliev OKI «iih .1 great iiumtity ot weed-, which
Kielt iimtili r like t'ulKrs nt gripes, and thiscon-
iiiiued iili tile 17th, when they were in 32 depr.es 4(1
minutes, and timi Um »o more. The jjtli jt fix in
thi: Miuinin^, rlicv had liijlit of the Ifleol I'lke, bear-
ing north by call, 15 le;i^ucs oil'. Jlie 27111 they
i|)uli.e with the pult 01 London, and they told them
ioiM\ iiewi of h.f':' inJ. The jyth they had fi^ht ol
<;ieiltand "I C'oi,.i, and next day faw the illand of
^'l<3te^. 'Ihc . 7ih of Aujjull, in 41 di.;Mees of lat.
iheyfaw nine tail of lliips, and were tollowid by
tliice ol t'nem till noon, who then j;2vt over thcchace.

The 30th they haj fight of Capo Kinifterre.

On the Sill of iieptcinbcr at night, they arrived at
t'lyniouth Sound, and roile in Caufon Hay all ni;.'ht.

I lie i)th ihrv put inio Cj(-water, and thi re ft lid till
iiie y8th of ,"11 (iteniber, hy realon of fieknefs and
want of men. The /.;ih tin v fei fail from I'l) mouth,
and cunc to I .ondon the .?d of OcIoIht, 1 5H9.

rhc commodities til It were carried in this voyajn
wcic, both linen and uoolleii i iron-work of fundry
tons, Manillos, or biacelelsof eoj>])er, glafs beads,

and coral. The meirlundiir that ih.'v brought hr,iw(
Were, (irppi r, and ileplianls teeth, oil <-l palm,
I'loih ni.ide both ot cotton, and the b.irk of palm-
trees, very ciiriouflv woven. 1 heir m<.iv y is |iituy
whneUiLlls,« (i.rf.old .iiid liKet the tivjilli l.iw noiir.
Culiini i^rows in ^-reit pleiiiyheie. I'htir br>ad is
made ol a kind of iooi>, ihiV «.dl it liieinia; il it
ple.il.iiit 10 ihc lade, and lijdK of d^jjellion : the loot
i» a,s bl^ ;« a iiMn's aim. 1 he tngliUnmn on fill
days, had r.itliii eal the root mthoil und iiiie;»ar,
ihan ).'ood lloik-hlli. J'herc are palm-trees in j^reat
pKiity, aiiU theuineiliat comti from tlirni tonlidir-
able : it is white and very pleafant ( and li cheap, that
they could by two j(:ii;.,ns (or 20 flulls. Ihey liive
Ituieol loap, which liiu lis like beaten Vh'Kin They
make pretty inat», and iKilkels, whi<h arc very f\nr,
alio ivory Ipooiu, curiuully wrought vtith fitturcs of
birds anu bc-.ills. The lightniim and thunder on this
coalf is piodigious. The people arc very gentle anil
loving: both men and women go nakctl lift they are
mat lad, and then they arc covered fiom tlic iniikllc (o
the knees.

I hi- Kiiglifti could buy earthen pot5, the quantity
of I'M) gallons, full of honey and honey-combs, for
ICO ihills. 'J hiy could alio brinj^ iireat (lore of
oranges, and plantains, unich is the fruit uf a tree
mudi like a cucumber, but very pleafant to the pa-
late.

'J'he author informs us that he had the att of
prrfLrving freih water ; ;iiid that when he carae to
Plymouth, the experiment was m:tdc with little cofl
on the fame he brought home, (u'nch had fccvcd the
Ihipforfix months,] by the pnncipal perlons in that
tokvn, who were much lurpriled ut it, and acknow-
Icdgeil, there was not Iwccter water in any Ipiing
about the place.

THE SECOND VOYAGE TO BENIN, in 1590.

ON the 3d of September the fleet fet fail frf.m Rat-
clil^, and the 1 8th they ca.nie to I'iymoiiiii Sounii.
'I'iig 22d tliey put to fca iigain, and at midnitht were
otf the I.izaiU. On the 24th tiny had fight of Cape
Verde; and on the 25th th' y met a great hollow lea
out of the north. 'Ihc 5lh of November they met
with three currents, from tlie well and noriji-welf,
within an hour one of another. 'I'liis was in the la-
titude of fix degrees, 42 minutes.

On the 15th of December they were oppofitc a
rock two leagues diftant, fomcwhat like the New-flone
in England : it is not above a mile from (liore. Here
they had iy fathoms water. A mile farther they
faw another rock, and between them both, broken
ground, where they had but 20 fathoms, and black
land i they could plainly dilcern that the rock went
along the fhorc, but from the land to the leaward.
About five leagues to the fouth they faw a great bay.
The latitude was four degrees .ind 27 minutes. The
26th they met with a French fhipof Honfleur, which
had robbed their pinnace ; they fent a letter by her ;
and this night they faw another fpot in the iiin. At
his going down towards evening, they were oppofitc
a river, and right over the river, was a high tuft of
trees. The lylh, being the change of the moon,
they anchored in the mouth of the river, and found
the land to be Cape de Palnilas. Uetween them
.ind the cape there was a great ledge of rocks, one
Icajjue and a half from fliorc, and they bore to the
Well of the cape. ihey faw alio an illand off the
foreland point. Night approaching, they could per-
ceive no more of the land, but only that it tended in-
wardly tike a bay, where there runs a ftream as if it
7

were in the river of Thames. The l()th, a fair tem-
perate day, and the wind Itiuth, they went raft, and
the land a-{Jern of thrm bore weft, appearing low liy
the w:iter-ride, like ill .ikN. This was the eafl of
Cape de Pjimlas, the co.ift tending in with a great
found. They went end all night, and in the morn-
ing were but three or four leagues from ftiore. The
20th they were oppolite a river called Rio de los Bar-
bos. On the 2ilt they went eaft along (hore; and
three or four leagues to the weft of Cape de tres Pun-
tos, Mr. VVelfti found the bay to be fet down deeper
than it is by four leagues. At four o'clock the land
began to ftiew high, and the firft part of it full of
palm-trees. The 24th, ftill going by the (hore, which
was very low and full of trees, at 12 o'clock they
anchored oppofite the Rio de Boilas Here they fent
the boat on ftiore with the merchants, but they durft
not put into the river, becaufc of a great fca that con-
tinually broke at the entrancn upon the bar. The
29th at noon they were oppofite Arda, nnd there they
took a caraval j but the negros fled on the land.
Going on board, they found nothing in her but
a little oil of palm-trees, and a few roots. Next
morning the captain and merchants went to meet fome
Portuguefc about a coraval they had t:iken, who came
in a boat to fpeak with them, about ranfoming the
caraval, offcriiig for her certain bullocks and ele-
pli.ints teeth, "They gave them one of each fort, and
faid they would bring them the reft the next day. The
firft of January the captain went alhore to fpeak with

• Tliele ire called Cauriti,

tht

^*'

TO GUINEA AND TFFE EAST INDIES,

3i7

t|l>

the PortugueA.' i but finding tlirydilTiDbUd, he camr
on board aijain, and pri'lciitly unriggiJ ihr c.iraval,
•nd let her on fire iH'forc the town. Then pmcccd-
ing along the (horc, th< v law a di\tc-trce, by the wa-
tcr-(ide, the like of' which is not on iill th.it coalK
They ran on urnund a little on on' plare ; then pot-
ling to Vill.i l.onga, anchored there. The ^d they
were as tar Ihot as Rio dc Lagos, where the nuf
chants went on ftiorc, and upon the bar found three
fathoms flat, but went not in, becaufc it was late.
There is to the eaftw.ird of this river a date-tree,
higher than all the date-frees thereabouts. Thus they
went along the coafl, which was full of trees and
high wooils, anchoring every nijht.

On the 6th in the morning it was very foggy, fo
that they could not fee land i but at three in the
afternoon it clearing up, they found thcmfelvcs oppo-
fite the river of Jayi, where, meeting with the (hal-
low water, they ran out to fca, as they did the voyage
before, and came to anchor in five fathoms. Next
day they fel fail again, and towards noon came before
the river of Heiiin, in five fathoms water. The loth,
at two in the afternoon, the captain went on (hore
with the lliallop, Kvery morning this week it was
foggy till 10 o'clock ; and hitherto the weather was
as temperate as the fummcr in Kngland. This day
they went into the road, (the well point of which
bore eaft north-eafl of them) and anchored in four
fathoms water. The lift being a fair temperate day,
M. Hallald went to the town of Goto to hear news of
the captain. On the 23d the caravil arrived, bring-
ing with her 63 elephants teeth, and three bullocks.
The 28th was iair and temperate ; but towards night
there fell much rain, lightning and thunder. 'I'his
day the boat came aboard from Goto. The 24th of
February, the wind at fouth-eaft, they took 298
facksof pepper, and four elephants teeth. The 26th
they got the reft of their goods into the caraval, and
M. Hallald went with her to Goto. The 5th of
March ftic came back and brought 21 lacks of pep-
per, and four elephants teeth. The gth of April me
came on board with water ; and this day they loft
their flial lop. The 17th was a hazy rainy day. In

the afternonn tliry fiw three great fpoutsof rain, two
on the l.irboard li.lc, and one li 'ht ;i-hea<l, but they
I' line not near th-ni. This d.iy thiy took in the lall of
their water: ami the 2(ith tliey violu.illnl the carav.il
to go lAith them to l\-.\. I'he aytli they fit f.iil home-
w.ird, with ihc wind loiith-will j Miid at two (i\ l.^k
in the afternoon, the rivet of Htiiiii wuk north-ealb
eight leagues from them.

On the ijth of Auguft they f.ll in with the flict
under the I.oril Thomas Howard, adniiial, and Sir
Rich.ird (irenville, vice-admiral, which \v s lying
at Hull, in waiting for Spanifti ftiips, jo leagues
to the fouth-weftof the ifl:uidi)f I'loics. T'licy were
detained till the i 5tli at night, ami then li.ul leave to
depart, with a fly-boat laden with fiig.ir, that came
from Sant Thome, and were taken hv tlic t|ueen'i
(hips J the lord admiral i;iving Mr. Walfh great
charge not to leave her till (he was harboured in tng-
land. T he 23d, the north-eaft part of tlii' idand of
Corvo, bore eaft and by fouth, fix l-agiies oft". The
17th of SeptemlKT they met a ftiip off I'lymouth,
that came from the \Veft Indies, but (lie could tell
them no news. The next day they h.id fight of ano-
ther fail. This day alio Mr. Wood, one of their
company died. The 2 jd tliey (poke with tlie Dr.i-
gon, of my lord of Cumberland, wlucli Ivie w.is
mafter of. T'lic f)th of Odluber they h.id h lit of
Scilly, and wiie forced by rain and wind to put into
St. Mary's Sound, wh^re they ftaid four days. De-
parting the nth, ihey had three fathoms upon the
bar at high water i then fteeriii}^ fouth-eaft, ihrouyli
Crowfand j tlicy ihortly after had light of the Land's
Knd, and at t'.'n o'clock were oppolite the i^i/.ard. —
The 30th they put into Dartmouth, where they ftaid
till the I2tli of Deccmbei, when letting fail with the
wind at well, on the 1 8th they authored at Limehoufc,
where they landed 589 lacks id" pepper, i 51 elephant's
teeth, and 32 barrels of the oil of palm-trees. The
commodities that were carried out this voy.igc were,
broad-cloths, kerfies, linen, iron unwrought, brace-
lets of copper, coral, hawks bells, hurfe-tails, hats,
and fuch like commodities,

'S^'.t

THE VOYAGE OF THOMAS STEPHENS TO GOA.

TH E firft and moft remarkable of the voyages
of the Englifh to the coaft of Guinea, we
have found it moft proper to arrange together. We
Ihall here notice thofe which were undertaken to the
Eaft Indies, or with a view to participate in that trade,
or to interrupt the progrefs of foreigners in thole
parts. Both before and after the period we are fpeak-
ing of, fcveral voyages had been made to the Azores
iflands with various luccefs, but not of fufficient con-
fcquclicc to be here particularly and feparately noticed.
The voyage we are about to prefent the reader, was
performed by one Thomas Stephens • who, though
he was only paft'enger in the Portuguefe fleet to Goa,
the account which lie gave of the niivigation fecins to
have been fuch as contributed to influence his coun-
trymen in their endeavours to trade in the Indian feas,
and if poflible to get fomc footing in thofc remoter
regions.

Our adventurer, with whofe views in undertaking
this voy.igc we are not made thoroughly .icquainted,
informs us that he left Italy, and arrived at Lilbon at

* The account is contained in a letter written i>y Mr. Ste-
phens to Ilia failicr. lie appeals to lia\c been _» Jefuit, ami
was lired at New College, Oxtord.

Vql. I. N" 29.

i-*:f

the end of March, eight days before the departure of
the Portuguefe fleet, confifting of five fhips, which
left the port on the 4th of April, 1579 j and on the
loth of the fame month, the (hip wherein he cm-
barked, being alone, was attacked near Madeira by a
large Englifli veftcl, which, however, after having
excluinged fome few (hot, bore away and left the Por-
tuguefe, though they faw her again at the Canaries
where they arrived on the 13th. When they palFed the
Line, they were much incommoded by fqualls and
calms, and here our voy,igcr made fome nautical re-
marks, moft of which have however been better illuf-
trated by fucceeding voyagers, and with which we
(hall not therefore trouble the reader. We (hall only
obfcrve that he made the following obfervation on the
figns of land to be obferved in approaching the Afri-
can coaft.

" At 3 1 leagues diHant from the coaft, and about
200 miles, as they computed, from any ifland, an
incredible n imbcr of fowls of various kinds, fol-
lowed the (hi), fomc of which were fo large [a fort of
eagle] that ti eir wings, when extended, ftrctched
above fevcn fpiis, and they could not have wanted
fubfiftence, as they were all very fat. Thele fowls
were denominated by the Portuguefe according to their
diftercnt forms and qualitiiis. In all calm places near
4 S thQ

VOYAGES or THE EWOLISM

i^()i tlic /FqiilnoiDi.il Line tlicy Ovi /hark* abcn' five feet

■ l'<ii(s tli.it IoIIdwiJ the villVI ill urJcr 'u irftch any

tliiiii; th.it tniijht ihiiitc Ik f.ill ovcr-beunl. They

iillii u\v nuiiUHTi u( Hying filhi inJ their ciicmict the

Hlbicurcn.

InlK'.iil (if ilmihling thr Cape oICickkI Hope with-
out ((iiiiiii)' 111 li^jitol l.iiul, ihryliavinjr a lAvour.ililc
B.>lr, cjiiK f(i iicir the fliori', that h •In- windt fl)if>
ing, they wcic in ilanacr of bving y/i:i ^M ufi C pc
«li'» Ai|uila«, which is Dtyond the other Cape. After
they had lain in dreadful condition, loling their i
ant-hcd, and in danger of falling a prey to the roaring '
waves, to favage brail), or yet nioie lavage men, at
l( Rgth, the windn ariling, delivered them from '
thi« danger \ and they proceeded on their voyage to
India, in the courle of which, thouj^h more than 150 '
were lick, yet not above t«enty-l'cven died j and Mr. 1
Stephens enjoyed his health all the way. About the
eleventh degree of latitude, they were followed for
many days by I'uinc thuul'ands of lilh, which furnilhcd |

a good fupply of proviriont for them, which how-
ever, wa« not a lign of land. Uui at length they
took two hawki, which they fuppofid to br .1 (ign
that they drew near India | however they were then
near Socatora. Here Krong wmdt fpringing up Irimt
the norih-eaft, and iiortli-north^raK, they were dc
cciveJ tiy currtnti, and continued ten dayi, without
coming in fiiiht of land, the fird figm of which,
were from fovvl*, which they knew to belong to India |
afterwardi they litw palmi, fedge* and Icavn I'wim-
ming upon the water 1 tnd on the a4th day of the
inonih, they arrived at Gua, where they wrra
received with the grcatci> cordiality. I'hc account
of thi< voyage ii not fo remarkable (ai we have hinted)
for anything, at ibr Iti being the lirft given of any
Engliuiinan of ihii navigation, lor which ciiili: we
have ^iven it a place in thii colleAion, and hire
given It in orderj immediately preceding the Englifll
vuyagei to the EiR Indict.

A VOYAGE T(j THE EAST INDIES in the YEAR 1591, BEING thb
FIRST VOYAGE PERFORMED by the ENGLISH to thosb PARTS.

THK account of this voyage was t.ikcn from the
defcri|)tion of Mr. hdinund IJarker, lieute-
nant to Cipiain Lancaner. • The fleet lent out,
confilted of three large fliips, the Penelope, admiral,
CDinmaiided by CJeorgc Raymond ; the Merchant
Koyal, vice-admir.il, Abraham Cendcl, captain ;
and the Kdward Bon-adventure, rear-admiral, in
which WIS James Lancaller.

On the lotli of April, they left Plymouth, and
came to the Canaries the ijth; and departed on
the 29th. On the fecond of May, they were in the
hei(ilus of Cape Blanco J the Jtli, palled the Tropic
ol Cancer -, and on the ijth, they were in the altitude
of Cape Vcule. They had a f.iir wind at north-caft
till the 131I1, when being within eight degrees of the
equator, they met with a contrary gale, which
obli'^cd them to lie olf and on in the fea, till the
6th of June, and then they pafTed the line. Before
thrit, they toolc a Portuguefe caraval, bound from
Lifbon to iirafil, wherein they found fixty tuns of
wine, 1200 jars of oil, and too of olives j Ixrfidcs
fume barrels of capers, three fats of pcafe, and divers
• •therncccdaries, which proved better to them than gold.
Many of the men fell fick, and two died before they
pafled the line, it being extremely unhealthy between
8 dcg. north-latitude, and the equator, at that time
of the year ; for they had nothing hut tornados, with
fiich thunder and lightning, that they could not keep
their men dry three hours together, to which, and
their eating fait viftuals, with want of cloaths to
fhift them, they owed their ficknefs.

After palling the line, they had ftill the wind at
eaft-fouth-call, which carried them along the coaft
of Brafil, at too leagues dillance, till they came into
twenty fix degrees of fouth latitudi-, where the wind
chan"ed to the north. On the jiSthofJuly, they
had fight of the Cape j and till the 31ft, lay ofF and
on, with the wind contrary, in hopes to have doubled
it ; intending to have gone fevcnty leagues farther to
Agoada de St. Bias, before they put into any
harbour ; but the men in all the (nips being weak,
and requiring fome place to rcfrelh, they fteered to
the north-yard of the Cape along the Ihore fifteen

' This voi'aiic WHS bc);un umlcr the ilire^ion of Camain of Africa ; and We h«T natUing cf the cooclu&sa •( hi*
K»)muiKl, wliulc (hip w»i fi:p»raie,l from the rclt uft lli(;C'oj:i voyjgo.

leagues, and came to Agoada de Saldanna ; n gooj
bay, with an ifland lying to fcaward of it, where tli.y
call anchor on the ift ofAugull, and then landed ihi:
men ; to whom there came certain favagca, very bl.ick
and brutifh, but foon retired. For the firft fifteen or
twenty days, they could find no provifions but cranes
and geefe, which they (hot, nor was thi^^re any lilh
but mufclcs and other (hell-fi(h, which they gatlurcd
on the rocks. Then the admiral went with his pin-
nace to the ifland, where he found abundance of
penguins and feals, of which he took plenty.

At length they feized a negro, and compelled liim
to march into the country with them } making fi^nn
that they wanted fome cattle) but at this time, not
coming to the fight of any natives, they let him go
again, with fome trifles, by way of prelent. How-
ever, within eight days, he with thirty or forty other
negros, brought them about forty bullocks, .ind as
many (heep, of which they bought a few, and eight
d.iys after, twenty-four of eacTi fort. There arc
divers forts of wild bcafts, as the antelope, whereof
Mr. Lancaller killed one, as big as a young colt, tlic
red and fallow deer, with others unknown to usj
and great numbers of overgrown monkeys.

Now it was thought good rather to proceed with
two (hips well manned, than with three, wanting
fufficient hands; and as there were but 198 men
in all ; loi were put into the admiral, and 97 into
the Edward i and 50 (whereof maiw were pretty well
recovered) left in the Merchant Royal, which, for
many reafons, was fcnt home. The difeafe that con-
fumed the men, was the fcurvy. The foldicrs who
had not been ufed to fea, held out hell ; but the Tailors
dropped away. Six days after the departure of the
Merchant Royal, the admiral left the bay of Saldanna,
and quickly doubled the Cape of Good Hope ; but
being come to Cape Corientes, on the 14th of Sep-
tember, there aroic a great (}orm, with violent gulls
of wind, wherein they loft the admiral's company,
and could never hear of him after, though they long
fought, and (laid for him at the Ifland of Comoro,
the place appointed for rendczvou'^. Four days alter,
about ten in the morning, there fell a terrible clap of

til under

...'•«■

to GUINEA AND TME EA8T lNb(ES.

J4';

ttiundcr, which killrj ft>ur men, (their ncrk« being
wrung aluiidrr) and ut nuicly-lou', litre WJ^ not
one untouched t funic htinu /Iriiik hl.iJ, oihrrs
being bruKrd in ihcir lr^< and urm>, fumt. ugaiii in
their brcirti, fu thdt thry voided bhHxl for •wo il.iy«
«fter, othrri were drawn out it length, »i though
they had been racked j but all recovered. *l'hc maiii-
ni»K wai alio l.idlv torn (torn the head to the dei k,
and funic uf the ipiken that went ten inchet deep into
tho timber, were melted with the extreme hc.it.
Thence thry failed nooh-eaO, and fell in with tli>
idand of St. Lawrence : which one uf the men
luckily el'iiicd late in the evening, by moon li^'Jit,
without knowins what to make of it) but calling
others to inform nini, they perceived the fea bieakin;'
upon the fti<i.ils 1 whereupon, ,ii very good time they
tacked about, .ind eleaptd the danger. Pallinit mi,
thpy hapiiened to overfhoot Moxainbic, and fell in
with a place cilli'J (.^lintanuone, two Icaguet to the
northward, where they took two or three barks of
Moort, which they called nangaia«, hiden with
millio, hen«, and ducks, witli one Purtugiiefi? boy
on board, poing for the proviflon of Mozambic i a
few days alter, ihev came to an illand too leagues to
the north-cad of Mnzambic, callrU Comoro, which
they found cxiccding full of Muom, of tawny colour
•ndgood il.ituri', hut carefully to be watched, leing
very ireachernus. Being in want of water tli-iy lent
the boat with lixteen men well armed, whom the
people fuftered very quietly to land i and mauy of
them came on board the fliip with their kinj;, dreired
in a gown of crimfon lattin, pinked after the Moorifli
fafhioii, down to the kiieet. The Fingliih entertained
him in the bed manner, and ivid Ionic conference
with him about the (late of the place, and merchan-
dize> ( tlie Portu^juefc hoy lately taken, fcrvingfor
their interpreter. After this, they fent twice for
water, and had it very quietly i they were now fuf-
ficiently furnilhed. However, William Mace, of
Ratclift, themafter, pretending that it would be long
before they (hould find any other good watering
place, would needs go on (hore himfelf with thirty
men, much againft the captain's will. But at half
of them were wafhing over againft the fliip, the
Moors took that opportunity, while they were di-
vided, and killed mod of them, in fight of thofe on
board, who were not able, for want of a boat, to
give them fuccour. From hence they (hapcd their
courfcfor Zanzibar on the 17th of November, where
Ihortly after, they arrived, and made a new boat
with fuch boards as they had in the fhip. 7'hcy rode
there till the middle of February, in which time they
law many pangaias, or boats, wiiich arc faftentll
with pins, and fewed together with palmito cords,
caulked with the hufks of cocoa-lhells beaten. At
length a Portuguefcpangaia coming out of the har-
bour of Zanzibar, where they have a fmall fadtory,
Amt a converted Moor, in a canoe, with a lettci,
dcflring to know who they were, and what they
wanted. The anfwer was, they were F.nglifV ■■,
come from Don Antonio .ibout bufinefs to his *■'■■„!-
in the Indies. On- which they went away,
returned no more : foon after they manned out their
boat, and took a pangaia of the Moors, with one of
their priefts, called in their language, Sherif, whom
they ufed very courteoufly. 1 nis the k'l • took very
kindly, and for his ranfom, furnifh'^ ' them with
two months viiluals, all which tii i. '.hey retained
the prieft with them. Thofe Moors in.'brmed them
of the fallacy and fpitcful dealings of the Portuguefc ;
who, that the Kn;.;li(h might Know nothing of the
affairs and trade ot t\\c country, advifed them if they
loved their fafety, not to go near the fhip, rcprefent-
ing the crew as men-eaters. During their flay here,
they fet upon a Portuguefc pangaia, (armed with ten
mufquets) in their boat, but it being fo fmall, that
the men were not able to ftir in it, they could iiot
compafs their defign. In this hafbour a fhip of 500
tons may ride with fafety ; here is alfu good watcritijr,
with plenty of provifions, as oxen, hens, and fiin,
6

hiTides variety of ffiriinn fruits. Herf agnin lliry
Imil aiiiilier clap ot 1! muKi, iiiij their lore iiiulJ w.is
mm h (haki'n ( but tliey limlhicl, hiiiI > piired it with
limber (rum t\v (hurt, where there !•. jluiiul.iii'-e of
iieet, (ome ten ty foot high, which was (upp'ifnl to
be cidar. Six days before theii departure from luiii c,
the cape mereli.inl ol the Pnriuguife ladi'ry, .unit
Iriter to Captain Laiicallrr, by .1 m-ijio, hri'man iiid
a Moor in a canix', rei|iiiltiii[!; ajar of wine, aiioihir
ot ml, ind two or liine pouiuU of giiii-poWuor.

Tlie cajit in fent him his ilrinaiuls hv the Moor, l.iit
took thi negro al< iig with hini, bcciuir Ik' U ■\ Ixm
in the K.i(l Indie*, and k lew fmiuthin;; ol the loiiii-
try. He intunred lli 1 of a fmall li'aik cf thirty
tons, eallid by lb.; Moois :i junk, which tame lioni
Goathithei, ,.i,|i pi pp r Idi ihc f.iiitory.

I'hty let forward ol. 'he 15th of lehruary, for
Cape Comon, intendini; there to li.ivc lain otf' and
on tor fuch Ihips as ;houid I ive pallid 'rum Zeilan,
St. ThO'iias liciig;il, Pe,iis, Malaiea, tlie M.i-
luccus, the Coalf ot Cbn^, and the III- ot F.ipin j
which vcfidi .ire exceeding rirh ■, lnu hcm^ deceiveil
bjrlhc currents lint la iiiio the Red fei, aloii" th«
Cualt nf .Mclinda i and the wind fhorti ning iipott
thi.ni to the nurth-ealt, andeafterly, they were drinn
larthcr to the northward, wiiliiii eighty leagues of
the Ille of Zecotora. Mowever, here they alwayi
found abundance of dolphins, bonitos, and Hyiiitt
I'fhcj, Now the (hip ' ig fo niiieh driven out o?

;r eoui'e, and the time > tar fpeiit, they determined
10 fail either for in. Red-iea, or the faid idand ; but

he wind very lut»ily came about to the rorth-wcft,
and carr- d then .lirectly towards Cape Comorit
Btfore iliiy doulu J it, tliey purpiifed to touch at one
of 'he illandj Mamale, i'- twelve 'greci north,
wl.ich yieldeu provilions j . ut milii.l it, parti"
through tiie obltinaey of mafler : for the day

111 fore thi'V fell in with '''r, < . the idands the wind
coming .iliout to the I. .il: well, they changed tlieir
eourle. 'I'hc wind iiicti-afiPT; fuutherl they fr;ired
they fhould .• • '■ vc ben aolc to d< the Cape,

which won .1 ivwe f;rt»iiy h.izaidcd Mieii ta(lin'j;away
on the Coa '. of 1 ..'ia : fur the winter lealoii, . id
weftTP nuinfooiis which lontinuc on that co.ill t 11
Augulf, were already come in. Nevcrllulel's ',1;
wind changing more wellerly in May, 159^, ilicy
happily doulOed the Cape, without fiyht ol the Ian/.
Hence they diri.Sled tluir courl'e for the iflaiids of
Nicobai, (which lie north and louth willi thewclterii
part of Sumatra, in fcven degrees north latitude) and
having .1 ve ;^iod wind, arrived there in fix c'.iys,
although the weather v.is foul, with violent rain,
and gults : but by 'he mailer's fault, in not duly
obferving the foutli itar, they fell, the ift ot June to
the fouthward of them, within light of the idands
of Gomes Polo ; and kept on the north-eafl fide of
them, two or three days becalmed, plyiiiii; otf and on
the Coafl of Sumatra, but two leagues diftant, ex-
pecting to have a pilot from tb:ncc^ now the winter
coming on, with murh contapious weather, they
failed for the idands of f'ula Pinanii, where they ar-
rived the beginiiing of June, and came ro anchor
between them, in a very good harbour, in fix degrrcs
thirty minutes north, about five leagues from ihe
Coau o{ Malacca. Here thiy determined to winter,
and landed their men, being very fick, of wliotn
twenty-fix died, and among the red, John Hall,
their mailer, and Rainold (joldini, a ni-ri-han: ot'
very good fenl""i they had loft theij (nrgcon bd'orc,
fo that when they left the idand, iheit were but
thirty-three men and a boy left, of whom not above.
twenty-two were fit for labgur, and of them, not
paft a third part failors. Their refrcfhing, in this
uninhabited place, was very fmall, being only oyfters
and great wilks growing on rocks, with fome (cw
fifh, which they took with their hooks. Howc\of
thetb idands are full of trees of white wood, libove
too foot high, and fo ffrait, that they are fit for mails.
The winter being palled, and their fhip f.tted for
putting to fca, towards the end of Auguft they de^

fMUi

not

I I

340

VOYAGES OF THE ENGLISH

III

1566. partcJ to feck Come place of rcfrcftiment •, and crofs-
•— v— >^ iiig over to the coaft of Malaic.i, next day they came
to anchor in a bay ot' fix fathoms water, two leagues
from Ihorc. Here captain LancalUr, his lieutenant,
and I'ome others landed, and perceived frcfli tracks of
barefooted people, with a fire biiniiiigj but faw no
living creature, except a certain kind of lea fowl,
called Ox Birds, which are very tame, and like a
li\ipc in colour, but not in beak. Having killed
eight dozen with hail-lhot, they returned towards
night on board. Next day a canoe, with about ib
n..ktd Indians, drew n.^ar them, but would not come
aboard ; however, tlie Englifli going afterwards on
(hore, they came and converfcd with them in a friendly
manner, and promifcd them visuals. They faw
three lliips the day foUowiin' of 60 or 70 tons each,
one of which they made to Itrike with their very boat,
and unJerlVanding it was of the town ot Martabam,
(which is the chief haven for the great city of Pegu)
and that the goods belonged to fome Portuguefe Jefu-
ii , and a biicuit-baker of the fame naiion, they took
ir, but did not force the other two, bteaufc they were
the pro)ierty of the merchants of Pei;u. All three
wcie freighted with pepper, which they landed at
Pera, a place 30 leagues to the fouth. The night
following, all the men except twelve, whom they
had taken into their ihip, being moft of them Pe-
guins, fled in their boat, leaving their fliip and goods,
which were pjt on board the Edward. After this
thcv took another fiiip of Pegu laden with pepper,
and difmiflcd her withuut touching any thing. — Their
fick men being fomeuhat rctre(ln;d, and llrengthened
with fuch relief as they found in the priie, after a
ftav of todays, in the beginning of Scpten ber they
failed into the freights, and came to Pulo Sambilam,
45 leagues northward of the city of Malacca, to
which iilands the Portuguefe fhips muft always come,
that are bound from either Goa, or St. Thomas, for
the Maluccos, China, and Japan. When they had
been five da)s plying to and fro, upon a Sunday, they
faw a fail, which proved to be a Portuguefe ihip of
250 tons, I iden with rice for Malacca, that came
lioni N.u',apatam, a port of India, over againft Cey-
lon. Having taken her, Lancafter ordered their
captain and mafter on board his own fliip, and fent
his lieutenant and feven more to keep the prize, which
rode in jc fathom"; water; there King good anchor-
age in that channel, three or four leagues from lliore.
Thcv thought ai lb to have taken a Portuguefe fhiji of
St. i'homas, of 4CC tons, that came and anchored by
the ])rizc in the night, but the Edward was to foul
that flie efcaped. After taking out of the prize w hat
they thought fit, they turned her a-drift, with all her
crew, cNcept a pilot and four Moor*. The 6th of
October they met with a M.ilacca fliip of 700 tons
that came from C?oa, which yielded aifler her main-
yard was fliot thrtiugh. The capt.iin, mafter, and
pilot, being conunanded to come on board, only the
captain, with one foldicr came. After fome convcr-
fation, he propofed to go and fetch the reft, under
pretence that they would not come unlefs he went for
them ; but as foon as he reached the fliip in the
evening, hemade tofliore with all the people, to the
number of jco.nien, women and children, in two great
boats. They fuund on board 25 pieces of brafs can-
non, 300 butts of Canary and palm-wine, with many
other commodities ; but they found none of the trea-
furc which is ufually brought by the galleons i.i royals
of plate. Becaufe the (ailors pillaged this rich ftiip
in a diforderly manner, and would not remoi'e the
winLs into the Edward, the captain, after taking out
the choictft goods, lit her a<lrift. For fear of the
» forces of Malacca, they departed thence to a bay iji

the kingdom of Junfalaom, between Malacca and
Pesu, eight degrees to the northward, to fcek for a
pilot to trim their fliip. Here they fent the foldier
who was left behind by the captain of the galleon,
and fp< ke the Malayan tongue, to deal for pitch, of
wliich he procured two or three quintaN. Thiy like-
wife fentcoinmuditles to barter with the king for am-

bergreafe, and the horns of the rhinoceros, andhight/
efteemed by the Moors in thofc parts, as a foxcreign
remedy againft puifon. They got but tvvo or three of
thofe horns, which arc of a brown grey colour, and t
quantity of ambergreafe, whereof the trade only be-
longs to the king, who at laft went about to feize tlie
Portuguefe and their merchandife, which the man
perceiving, they told him there was gilt armour,
fltiits of mail, and halbcrts (things they greatly de-
fired) on board the fliips, for which, the king lee him
return. They then left the coaft, and pafling by Su-
matra, went to the iilands of Nieabar, inhaoited by
Moors, with whom they trafficked. On the 21ft of
November they departed for the ifland of Zeilan, and
at rived on the fouth fide on the 3d of December, in
fix fathoms water ; but the ground being rocky and
foul, they loft their anchor. Then they ran along
the fouth-wcl) Ihore, to a place called Puntadel Galle,
intending to wait for the Bengala and Pegu fleets :
the firlt of feven or eight fliips, and the 2d of two
or three, which with the Portuguefe fliips of Taiia-
feri, (a great hay in the kingdom of Siam, to the
Ibuthward of Martabam) were to come that way
within 14 days, with comniodjtics for the Caraks, that
commonly depart from Cochin for Portugal by the
middle of January.

Having left their anchor in foul ground bcfott;
Punta Galla, they lay all that night adrift, becaufe'
the'woilicy left were iinftockcd, and in hold, which
tne failoi > inade a handle of to return home. The
captain at that time lying dangeroudy fick, in the
morning, it was refolved to ply up to the northwArd,
and keep too-and-again out of the current, »hich
othcrwife would have carried the ftiip to the fouth-
ward i.ui of the reach of land. Having, with this
view, hoifted the fore-fail, and prepared to fet the reft,
the- null declared they would take their dircift courfe
for England, and the captain was forced to give
way.

On the 8tli of December they fet fail for the Cape
of Buona Speranfa, pnfltng by the iflands of Malvicla,
and leaving that of St. Lawrence, in 26 degrees, to
the northward. Betwixt this illand and the coaft of
Africa, they found i reat ftorc of bonitos, and al-
bacores, which are a larger kind of fifli, of which
Captain Lancafter, being now recovered, catched,
with an hook, as many in two or three hours, as
would ferve 40 pcrlbns a whole day. They took as
many daily for five or fix weeks, wiiich was no fm.all
refrefliineiit for them. In February, 1593, they fell
in with Baiade Agoa, 100 leagues to the north-eaft
gf the Cape of Good Ht>pe, but finding the winds
contrary, they fpent a month or five weeks before they
could double it. After which, in March following,
they failed for St. Helena, and arrived the 3d of April,
where they flayed, to their great comfort, 19 days.
Lieutenant Barker going on ftiore here, with four or
five Peguins, or men of Pegu, and the furgeon, in
a houfeby the chapel, found John Segar, of Bury, in
Suffolk, who having been dangcioudy ill, was left
there eight months before, by Abraham Kendall, in
the Royal Merchant to recover his health. He fecmed
as frefh-colourcd as could be expcifted ; but whether
through fright, apprehending them at firft to beene-
mics, or through excefs of joy, when he underftood
they were his old conforts, he became light-headed;
and taking no reft for eight days, died for want of
fleep. Here two of the men, whereof one was troub-
led with the fcurvy, and the other had been nine
montlis fick of the flux, foon recovered.

The captain departing from hence wiflied to go to
Brafil, but the failors abfolutely refufed ; thealbn;
they dircdkd their courlc for England, till they came
to eight degrees of the line ; fpcnding fix weeks in
the w.iy, with many calm and contrary winds at north-
eaft and weft, which lofs of time, and cxpence of
their provifions, (of which they h,ad but a fmall com-
pliment) made them think ot altering their courfe j
and fome of the men beginning to mutiny, threatened
to break up the chcfts ot othert lor victuals : for every
7 maa

It.

TO GUINEA AND THE EAST INDIES.

34«

(nsn had his fliarc in his own cuftody, that ihey might
be furc what they had to truft to, ami hufbaiid it the
better. The ciptain, dcfirous to prevent this mif-
chict", having been informed by one of the company,
wlio had been at the Iflc of Triiiidada, that there
ihcy ftiould be fure to meet with provifions, direflcd
his courfc to tjiat ifland j but not being acquainted
with the currents, was carried tlie beginning of June
into thegulph of Paria. Here they were eiglit days,
and often in tlircc fatlioms water; finding the current
continually fetting in, and no way out, till they got
to the weitern fide, under the main-land, where they
found MO current at all, and the water deeper ; and fo
keeping by the fliorc, the wind, which blew from
land every night, at length helped them out to the
northward. Being clear within four or five days af-
ter, they fell in with theillandof Mona, where they
rode i8 days, in which time the Indians gave them
fomc refrufliment J and a French ftiip of Caen, in
Normandy, likewifc arriving, theyboughtofM.de
Barboterre, the captain, two pipes of wine, bread,
and other victuals. After this tliey fitted out their
ftiip, and itopped a great leak, which fprung in the
gulph of Paria, being ready to depart, there arofe a
ftorm from the north which drove them from anchor,
and forced them to the fouthward of Santo Domingo.
'I'his night they were in danger of (liipwrcck on an
ifland called Savonc, which is invironed with flats, ly-
ing four or five miles oft'i getting clear of them, they
dircilcd their courfe weft ward along Santo Domingo ;
and doubling Cape Tibcion, palled through the old
channel, between that iOand and Cuba, for the cape
of p'lorida. Here they met again the Caen Ihip, whofc
captain could fpare them no more viiftuals, but only
hides which he had trafficked for upon tliofe iflands.
Being clear off' the channel of B.ahama, they fleered
for the banks of Newfoundland. In this courfe they
ran to the height of 36 degrees, and as far to the caft,
as the iflc of Burmuda ; where, the 27th of Septem-
ber, finding the wind very variable, (contrary to'their
expeiSations and all men's writings) they lay by a
day or two ; but a dangerous ftorm arifing, and being
in danger of pcrifhing, they judged it beft to turn back
again to Dominica, and the adjacent iflands to feek
relief; but before they could get thither, the wind
failed them, fo that they were obliged to fhape their
courfe weftwardly to the Nueblas, or Cloudy Iflands,
near St. Juan dc Porto Rico, where they found land

I crabs, frcfh water, and tortoifcs, which go on fliorc,
moltly about the full moon. Having refii ftud huro
iBdays, and taken in a little pnnilion, thcyrefolvcd
to return to Mona j only five men, who coiiKI not be
prevailed on to go, ftaid behind, and got home af-
terwards in an Engliih ftiip. 'liiey arrived the I5tli
of November, 1593 at jVIona, where the captain,
with his lieutenant, and ifaotiiers, wint to the houfcs
of the old Indian, and his three Ions, lio|)ing to get
victuals, all theirs being I'pcnt. They were thiec
days feeking provifions for relief of tliofe on board;
but the wind being northerly, and the fci running
high, fo that the boat could not get on ihore to fetch
it oft', they rcfolved to wait till next day. In the
meantime, .ibout 12 at night, the carpenter cutting
the cable, the lliip drove away with only five men and
a boy in her. In this diftrefs they fepnrated in com-
panies, that place not being fufficient to fupport them
all. 'I'he captain and fix others lived onftalksor
purfelanc boiled, and now and then got a pompion in
the old Indian's garden, who, at thi's time, fled from
them to the mountains, it was 29 days before they
defcried a French ftiip of Dieppe, called the Louifa ;
which, on their making a fire, bore in with the land,
and anchored at the wclfern end of the ifland. The
Indian and his fons on this, came down to Captain
Lancafter, and went with him to the fliip, and the
next day 1 1 more were carried on board, am! ufed cour-
teoufly. The fame day another fhip of Dieppe ar-
rived, and ftaid till night, expecting the other (even
men ; but although guns were fired oft' to call them,
they came not. Hereupon the fhipdcparting, arrived
at the north fide of St. Domingo, where the Englifti-
men remained till April following, 1594, and fpent
two months in traffic with the inhabitants, by pcr-
miflion, for hides, and other merchandife.* At this
place Captain Lancafter and his lieutenant went on
board another fhip of Dieppe, John la Noe captain,
leaving the reft of their company to follow. On Sun-
day the 17th of April, 1594, they fliaped theircourle
homeward, and parting through the Caijcos (near the
windward paflagc) the 19th of May arrived fafc at
Dieppe, where having ftaid two days to refrcfh, they
crofl'ed over to Rye, and landed on Friday the 24th
of the fame month, 1594, after an abfencc of three
years, fix weeks, and two days, from their nativis
country.

150S

■ or
in

, in
efe

bub-
aine

p to
■lore
amc
in
rth-
x of
om-
irfe;
;:ncJ
very
maa

A VOYAGE TO THE EAST INDIES, in 1598, BY CAPTAIN

JOHN DAVIS.

THIS voyage was written by Davis himfelf, and
feems to nave been fent by him from Middle-
borough in Zeland, in a letter to Robert carl of Ef-
fex, which letter, dated the firft of Auguft, 1600, is
prefixed to the relation. From this we learn that the
author had been employed by his lordftiip, for dif-
covcring the caftern parts of the world ; whence he
took occafion to tell the earl, that his journal contained
only fuch things as fell within his own obfcrvations,
but that when he (hould be honoured with an oppor-
tunity, he would give him an account of what he had
learned on board, relating to the king of Portugal's
places of trade and ftrength, as well as to the com-
mrrcc of the eaftcrn nations among themfelvcs : that
Vol. I. N" 30.

• By a lliip of Ncwhaven, ulilchtoucli<Ml there, they had in-
telligence of their fcven men, who were left behind at Mona,
which wa:, That two of them broke theirntcks in venturing to
take fuNvIk upon the cliUk; tluec others wert ftain by the Span-

with regard to the Portugucfe polTeflions, he would
begin at Sofala, which is their firft footing beyond the
Cape of Good Hope, and fo proceed to ^^ozambiquc,
Ormus, Diu, Goa, Coulam, Onor, Manealor, Co-
chin, Columbo, Negapatam, Porto Grande in Ben-
gala, and Malacca, the city of Macao, in the pro-
vince of Canton in China, and Molucas, and Am-
boyna.

The ncet fet out on the 2Sth of March, 1598,
from Fluftiiiig, with two fliips, the Lion and the
Lionefs ; the former of 400 tons, and 123 pcrfons on
board ; the latter ot 250 tons and too pcrfons. The
owners were Mufhrom, Clark, and Monef^of Mid-
dleboroi^h ; and their chief commander was Corre-
4 T lius

larils who came from St. Domingo, on information given h»
thofe who went in the E<lward 1 and the other two tins New'
haven man had with hin in hit ihip, having efcapcd their haaiUt

34»

1600

VOYAGES OF THE ENGLISH

t .

tills Houtcman, ulio had a coniiniOlon from Cirave
Maurice. They anchored in 'I'orbay, with very
rough winds, on the 22d, from whence they failed,
on the 17th of April, 1594; and on the 20th, had
fight of Porto Santo. On the 23d, they fell in with
the Illand of Palnia ; and on the 30th, came to the
Ifles of Cape Verde. On the i(t of May, they
anchored at St. Nicholas, one of thofe iflands in
fixteen degrees, fixtecn minutes north latitude, where
they watered the 7th, and fettiiig fail, on the gth,
fell in with St. Jago. On the gth of June, they
made the Coall of Brafil, in feven degrees fouth lati-
tude. And not being able, for the unlleady winds
and bad weather, to double the Cape St. Auguliine,
ihaped their courfe for the little Ifland Fernanda
Loronha, in four degrees, where they arrived the
15th, and anchored on the north-fide ot it, in eighteen
fathoms. The ifland is very fruitful, and here is
pood water, alfo beef, goats, hogs, hens, melons,
Guinea corn, plenty ot fea fowl and fifli. There
were on the ifland but twelve negros, eight men and
four women, who had been left by the Port ugucfe totill
the ground : no fliips having been there for three years
before. On the 2bth of Augult, they left this ifland
with a north-eaft wind ; and the laft of the month,
doubled the Cape of St. Auguftine. On the loth of
September, (Jicy p.ifled the danger they molt appre-
hended, the flioals of Abrolhts, which lie off the
Coall of firafil, f.ir into the fea, in twenty-one
degrees fouth. On the nth of November, they
anchored in the Bay of Saldanna, in thirty-four
degrees fouth, and here found three good rivers.
Tliey tr.ijcd with the natives at veiy cafy rates, hav-
ing had fat fhecp and oxen for old nails, and pieces
of iron, not the value of a penny. The oxen were
buffaloes, which have a great lump of flefti (like the
bunch upon the camels back) between the ftioulders ;
and the ftiecp have no wool, but long fliaggy hair,
and large tails (all intire fat) which weigh twelve or
fourteen pounds. The natives are of an olive com-
pleiflion, darker than the Brafilians ; their hair black
and curled, like the negros of Angola, but not cir-
cumcifcd; their faces painted with fcvcral colours,
and all naked, except a fliort cloak of flcins, and
fandals upon their feet. " They are a ftrong, ailive
people, (fays the author) and very fwift runners.
Their words are, for the moft parr, articulate, and
in fpcaking they cluck with the tongue, like a hen ;
which clucking and the word coming both together,
found very oddly. Their weapons are only darts;
they arc fubjedk to the great king of Monomotapa.
The Flemmings having done them fome injury, they
abfented thcmlclvcs for three days; and having in the
mean time, alarmed the country by great fires from
the mountains. On the 19th, they came again,
bringing much c.ittle along with them. But while
the Dutch were bartering with them, they made a
fudden and furious aflault upon the failors, killing
thirteen, and although their hand-darts could do no
hurt at four pikes length, yet the reft throwing away
their weapons, took to their heels, the barbarians
purfuing them. Their captain (who dul not think
fit to venture himfelf in the (kirmifh) fcnt them a
parcel of weapons from the fliips, fword^, tar^'tts,
pikes, and mufqucts i but the lemmings, though
like giants for fize, durft not venture out of their
tents, and though Captain Davis, with his friend
Mr. Tomkins, offered to repulfc the enemy, if they
would affift him, yet the greater part refuled. The
fame night they went all on board. The country
thereabouts is a very good foil, and a pleafant air, it
abounds with ufcful plants, as mint, plantanes, rib-
wort, trefoil, fcabioes, &c. Departing on the 27th,
they, on the laft of this month, doubled the Cape of
Good Hope, and on the 6th of December, the Cape
des Aquillas, which is the moft fouthern point of all
Africa: it lies in the thirty-fifth degree of fouth
latitude. On the 16th of January, 1599, they fell
in with Madagafcar, (hort of Cape Romano ; but
nut being able to double itj all the reft of this month

they fteered for the Bay of St. Auguftine, on ilit
fouth-weit part of the iHand, where, on the 3d of
February, they anchored, many people appearing on
the ftiore, but on their landing, they fled. Ihe
reafon of this was, that the Dutch captain in a for-
mer voyage, had done much injury to the natives,
one of whom he took, bound to a poft, and (hot to
death. Yet after feven days waiting, and means had
been ufed to mollify them, they brought iuine milk
and one cow, which the Dutch bought, and then
took their final leave of them. Thefe people have
ftrong and well made bodies, and go naked, their
flcins is coal black, their fpcech fweet and pleafin; :
their weapons are half-pikes, headed with iion, whith
they keep very bright.

" The country feeins very fruitful.and produces great
ftore of tamarind-trees, and a fort of beans, (that
grow upon high trees) the pods of which, are two
feet long, and proportionabiy large, and make a very
good food 1 camelcons arc numerous here. 'l"he
Engliftj efpecially, fuftered great mifery in this bay,
from whence they all went on board, the 8th of
March, extremely hungry, and without any meat.
On the 14th, they departed, naming it Hungry Bay, „„ 3,.
and Ihaped their courle to the north-lido of the iflaiiJ.
On the 29th^ of March, 1600, they came up with
the iflands Comoro, which are five in number, lying Comoro Iflss.
between twelve and thirteen degrees, fouth latitude:
and on the 13th of May, anchored at one of them
called Mayotta, clofe by a town, where they met
with people who feemed to be glad of their comini;,
and brought provifions. The captain being invitid
on ihotc, went, and the king met him, with three
drums beating before him ; and a fine retinue, all
richly dreffed in long filk embroidered garnienis,
after the Turkifti mode. They were received very
kindly by his majefty, who gave him a letter of re-
commendation to the queen of Anfuma (or Joanna)
whither they afterwards went, and were well received.

•' On the 28th, they departed, paffing through the
iflands of Mafcarcnnas, by the (hoals de Almirante ;
and on the 23d of June, fell in with the Maldivia
Iflands, which are low, clofc by the water, and {a
covered over with cocoas, that nothing but green trees
appear. Being at anchor here, many Indian boats
pafl'cd by, but none would come to them, which
cauled the captain to give orders for the taking one of
them. On the 24th, the fliips boats brought"^ in one
of them, which was covered with mats, like a clofc
barge, and had in her a gentleman and his wife. He
was dreflcd in very fine white linen, after the Turkilh
manner, h.id rich ftone rings on, and his behaviour
W.1S aft'able, his afpeft niodeft, and his fpcech grace-
ful, as befpokehim a man of quality. The captain
went into Ins boat to fee his wife, whom he unwill-
ingly ftcwed him ; Ihe fat with filcnt modefty, not
fpcaking a word ; he alfo opened her calkct, wherein
were fome jewels and ambergreafe. What was taken
from them, Davis knew not, but in going away
that gentleman behaved with a princely fpirit. Ho
was of a middle ftature, was black, and had finuuili
hair."

Thefe iflands are reported to be fome thoiilands
in number. Their plenty of cocoas brings tliem a
good trade, fince they make bre:id, wine, and oil,
ropes, fails, and cables, of the fevcral parts of that
fruit. On the 27th, there came on board an old
man, who fpoke a little Portuguefe j when fetting
fail, he was their pilot through the true channel,
e:il!ed MilJivia, which, ty good luck they hit upon,
lying in four degrees fiitecn minutes, north latitude,
tiicre tliccompafs had icventecn degrees weft, varia-
tion. Vaft numbers of fliips from all parts ot India,
pafs through this channel, which is very dangerous
to mifs. On the 3d of June, they IVII in with the
Coaft of India, in eight degiecs forty minutes,
north, near Cochin ; and coaHing this Ihore, doubled
Cape Comonn, from whence they fteered their courfc
lor Sumatra. They faw the Coaft of Sumatra on
the 13th, in Ave degrees forty minutes, north

latltudi) ;

they

i\clui

umAmm

YO dtriNEA AND tllE EAST INDIE

Aclun<

latitude; and on the 2lft, anchored in the biy of
fj„'""'°" Achin, in twelve fathoms. Htre they found feme
barks of Arabia and Pegu, that came for pi^jiper, and
Don Alphonfo Vincent, a Portugucfc, with three or
four barks from Malacca, who came (as they found
afterwards) to frulfrate their trade. Soonafter theking
fent officers to mcafure their fliips, and take the num-
ber of the men and ordnance. With them the
captain fent two of his people, who carried a looking
glafs, a drinking glafs, and a bracelet o( coral, as a
prefent for the king; and he fent them back, cloatlied
after the manner of the country, in ■ bite calico,
with tidings of peace, and plenty of fpiee

On the 23d, at midnight, the ki.ig fuit for the
captain, and a nobleman as hoftagc. I' is niajcfty,
belides a civil entertainment, m.ide him a promife of
a free trade ; and gave him as a mark.of his particular
favour, tlie crifc of honour. This is a fort of weapon
like a dagger, it has no crofs, nor hilt, but the haft
and handle are of n metal of a line luftre, valued
more than gold, and richly fct with rubies. It is
death for any man to wear it, unlefs given by
the king. And he that has this favour, has an
unlimited power to take victuals without paying for
them, and command all others as his flaves. At his
return, he brought a boat load of pepper along with
him, and reported incredible things of his own good
reception, and the great trade he had procured ; but
told the Engliflimen, the king often afked if he was
notof that nation ; which he denied, uttering many
words againll the Englifti, and faying he would give
a th6ufand pounds that there had been none on board.
On the 27th, the merchants went on fliore with their
wares, having a houfe prepared by the king's ap-
pointment, borne time after, the captain being at
court again, the king difcovercd the treacherous
defign of the Portuguele to him j but promifcd to
ftand his friend, and gave him a purfe of gold. Then
he was ..iked again, if he was an Engliftiman or not,
and having anl'wered that he was of Flanders, the
king replied, it was a country that he had never heard
of, but that the fame of England had reached his cars
fome time before. And when he heard that there
were fome Engliflimen in the fljip, (though to their
difparagcmcnt, it was faid, that they had their edu-
cation in Flanders) yet to their further mortification,
he told him, that he muft fee fome of the men of that
country. As for the bufinefs of tr.idc, it was then
agreed, that the captain fliould aflift him in his wars
againft the king of Jor, (or Jahor) and, in confi-
ileration of that fervice, Ihould hive a full lading
of pepper. The king afterwards expreli'ed fome
refentment, that none of the Englifh had yet been
brought to w?it on him, (for neither Davis nor
Tomkins were fiiftered to go on (hore) and reproached
the captain, as if he intended to quit the fervice he
had covenanted to perform. Upon this Captain
Davis was prefently lent for ; and on the 22d, waited
on the king, with whom he ftaid four or five hours
feafting. When he had been there about an hour,
he ftood up i and the Shah Handar, firft taking off
his hat, put a roll of white linen round his head, and
a fafli of the Came, embroidered with gold, that
went twice about his waift, and hung half down his
under vert of white, and over that, one of red.
Then the king made him cat, and drank to him in
aqua-vitx. He was ferved all in gold and china, and
ate on the ground, without cither table or cloth.
The greatett part of his difcourfe, was about Eng-
land, the queen and her nobles, and he greatly
admired them for their wars with the king of Spain,
whom he had imagined to be the abfolute monarch of
all Europe. Cjptain D.ivis was fent for by the
prince, ontheajil, and rode to court on an elephant,
fxccirive eating and drinking, was their entertain-
ment. This day he met with a confidorable China
merchant, who fpoke Spaniih, of whom he learned
fome things of moment. There were many Chinefe
traders here, who had their particular town i fo had
the I'urtu^uefc, the Guzarat Arabs, and thofe of

1620

Bengal and Pegu. The captain diflikinj that ha
ftiould keep company fo much with the Chinel'c, ^ » ■ *
ordered him on board. On September the iff, they
had orders to take in foldicrs and ordnance, and to
prepare for the battery of the city of Jor, and to
colour the dclign that was going on, the- better, the
greut galleys were brought out of the river, and the
lea all about them was covered with piaws, and boats
loaded with armed men ; fome of the chief came on
board them, as Carcoun, the fecretary, and Abdalhi,
the chief Sliah Bandar, with a good company of
foldiers, appointed with all foitsof weapons; who
pretended only a good caroiife with the good liquors
they had brought. The crew fufpcdiiig'another fort
of entertainment, prepared accordingly, making faff
all the gratings, and prepared their weapons, in fpite
of the captain, who feemed under no apprehenfion of
danger. The Achinefe, whofe defign was to cut their Trtaclicry of
throats, the more eafily to cfteit it, mixed all the the Achinclt.
meat and drink they brought on board, with a fort of
feed, which grows in the country, a little of which,
makes a man as it were fcnfelefs ; fo that. things ap-
pear to him quite others ife ih.ui they really arc, but
if taken in a large quantity, is a deadly poifon.
During the banquet, the Shah Bandar, and the
fecretary fent for Mr. Davis, and fpoke to one of
their attendants, but what he knew not. Soonafter
the drug began to operate upon them, fo that they
quite loff the due management of thcmfelves, and
began to gape and ft.ire upon one another. The
captain was a prifoner, and knew nothing of it.-
And now they had brought them into the condition
they defircd, upon a fignal given from the other (hipj
(where the fecretary had gone to play the fame game)
they fell upon them, killed the captain and fevcral
others. ].)avis and Tomkins feeing this, with a
Frenchman, defended the poop, which was all that
was left of the fliip ; the enemy having got poil'cffiou
of the cabin, and of the guns, by creeping in at the
port holes. Themaftcr of the fhip and others leaped
into the fea till all was over, and then came in again.
At length the Achinefe began to fly, for the failors
from the tops, annoyed them much) which when
Davis and 1 omkins faw ; they leaped from the poop
to purfue them. They were met by a Turk coming
out of the cabin, who wounded Tomkins grievoufly,
but as both lay ffruggling on the ground, Davis ran
him into tlie body with a fmall fword, and the fkip-
per difpatched him, by thrufting a half-pike down
his throat. By this time the fecretary and his party
had got pofleflion of the other fliip, and murdered the
principal perlbns belonging to it : but thofe of
Davis's veffel having cut her cable, made towards
them, and by means of their guns, foon obliged the
Indians to fly, and recovered the fhip, the galley not
daring to affift them. The fea was covered with
Indians heads, for they fwam away by hundreds j
among the reff, the Shah Bandar, and one of the
king's near kinfmen were killed, and the fecretary
wounded. The news of this overthrow, fo inflamed
the tyrannical prince, who was then by the fca-fide,
that he cut olF the heads of all the Flemmings on
fhorc, eight only excepted, whom he refervcd for
flaves Their lofs amounted to fixty-eight men in
all, including thofe that were under confinement,
befides the two pinn.ices and a boat. While they
ftaid St Achin, they had got 140 tons of pepper on
board their Ihips : but upon the rupture, all the
money and merchandife on Ihore, as well as the
men, were loft ; by which means, many young ad-
venturers were quite ruined, and Captain Davis
himfelf, did not come off much better.

" The (oil of this ifland (Sumatra) is very rich and
fertile; it produces variety of excellent fruits, and
very good timber for (hipping, hut no fort of grainy
only rice, of which they make their bread. Here are
mines of gold and copper; precious balms and gums,
rubies, fapphires, and garnets, with much indigo,
and many other valuable commodities; particularly,
pepper grows here in fuch plenty, that they are able

344

VOYAGES OF THE ENGLISH

1600 to tade 20 fliips every year," and might many more, if

*— V ' they were induftrious. It (,rows like hops, Crdiii a

planted root, which, by degras, winds itlelf up ahout
a polo, till it becomes a great biilhy tree. The pepper
liaii^;s in tUillers three inches Uhil', and one about,
each clullcr having forty or nio.c coins in it j belldes
tliefe mineral an<l vcfrelabic proiluclioii,';, it .iHcrds
plenty of firviceable animals, a. hiTles, oxen, goals,
wild hogs, elephants, and bulfalie', which lalt they
ufc in plou;;;hing tlitir ground. Tu thtfe advantages
may he added a very wlioirome and temperate air in
in«>ll places, wiih lAcet dews and fruitful ihowers
that never fiil to cool ami refrifli the grounil.

The ifland of .Sumatra is divided into four king-
doms, Aehin, I'ider, Manancabo, anu Ara. The
three bill are tributary to the firll ; but Aru holds
with liu kin;^ of Jor, and refiifes fubjection. Cap-
tain D,u is hi ard of no more than five principal ci-
ties in litis i:le. Aehin, Pidcr, I'afem, Daia, and
Man.incabo. Aehin, the capital city of the whole
ifland, (lands in a wood, and is fomucli covered with
tiees, that not a houfe is to be i'ecn (ill one isjull
upon it. It is a very large fcati'red place, and the
liinilt'S (lands alin<ilt like the trees, without any
order or uniformity: they arc railed upon polls,
eight or nine feet from the ground, and have walls
and coverings of mats. Here is a vail eoncourfe of
people, and the three market-places yield every day
th.' prol'p.el of fo many fiirs. 'I"he haven tliat leads
to it is very Imall, being but fix foot at the bar, and
It has one of the woill, ami moll ill-cuntrived forts
ni.ide of (lone, being round, wiiiiout covering, bat-
tlements, or Hankers, and low-vvallcd like a pound ;
but there is a very pleafant road before this fort, in
which (the wind llill blowing fioin (hore) a fliip may
ride a litilew.iyoff in 18 fathoms water, and clofc by
in fix and four fathoms.

" 'I'he king of Aehin was called Aladin, and was
f.iid to he IOC years old. He was a healrhv man, but
exceeding ci<r|>ulent. He was originally a frlherman
(of which this place had veiy man), for they live
niofllv upon filli ;) but difcovercJ I'o much valour and
conduct in orJeiing the former king's galleys in time
ot war, that his fovcreign made him admiral of his
fea forces, and gave liini to wife one of his neared
kinlwomcn. 'I'he king had an only daughter mar-
ried to him of Jor, by vihoni he had a liin, who was
fent to Aehin to be under his grand-father. The old
king dying fu.ldenly, the (illierman, who wis then
chief coii,m,.nder boih In l.md and lea, took the pro-
tejllon o! the child, in which the nobility and gen-
try oppi ling him, he put to death more than a thou-
fand of them, and nude new lords of the meaner
forts. This done, he murdered th^' child, and then
proclaimed hin.felf king in right .!' his wife. On
t!ii> a war arofe between him and the king of Jor,
v.hiehltiil continued. Thefe twenty years he had by
force held the kingdom, and then fccmed to be fe-
cure. His pal.acc (lands half a mile from the city upon
the river Ore, aiul any one mud pafs three courts of
guards in order to get at him; it is built as other
houfes are, but much higher. He fitteth where he can
fee, anil niilVen by all that come to fee ary of his
guards. The walls and coverings confift of mads.
it is hanged fomeliines with cloth of gidil, foniftimes
wilh velvet, and lumetimrs with damall:. He fits
upon ih.' jround crofs-legged, and fo mull all in his
prefence. He wears four erodes, two before, and
two behind, rich with diamonds and rubies j and had
a I'word lying on his lap. He was attended by at lead,
40wonur,, ("onie with I'^ns to cool him, others with
cloths to wipe od" the fwcat ; foine gave him aqua-
vitiP, others water ; the n d lung pleafant fongs. He
did nothing but eat and drink from morning tonight,
and fit witli his women ; and deliuhted much in cock-
(ightinii i and as was the king, fo were his fubjecis, lor
their plealurc hd all the firne way.

" If the king puts any of his fubjecis to death,
they arc torn 10 pieces by elephants, or iinpahd.
'I'litre are many fetteicd prifuiitrs that go about tlie
7

town, bcfides what may be in the goals. His woiticrl
are his chiefell counfellors. He had three wives and
many concubines, which were very clolily kept.
He had great (lore of brafs ordnance, which they uk J
without carriages, firing them as they lay upon
the ground. They were the greated the Knglilh
ever faw j and the metal was reported to be mixed
with gold, 'i'he (Ircngth of his land forces lies in
his elephants.

" In religion they arc a fort of Mahometans. Thev
bring up their children in learning, and have many
lehools. 'I'hey had an archbi(hopand fpiritual dignities.
I'here was one in Aehin whom they greatly honoured
as a prophet, and laid he had the gilt of the Spirit.
He was didinguilhed from the red in ap|)arel, and
much carcH'ed by the king.

" In the place of fepulture for the kings, every
grave had a piece of gold at the he.id, and another at
the foot, weighing a thoufand pounds each, and all
richly adorned with precious (tones. The Englilh
had a great curiofity to Ice the king's fepulchres, be-
caufe of the great wealth reported to be therein, hut
could not. 'i'he people were addiiilcd to connneicc,
and generally very expert in bufinefs with refpeet 10
mechanical arts. ihey had goldfmiths, gun-found-
ers, (hip-rights, taylors, weavers, hatters, pot
makers, and dillillersof aqua-vita-, whieh is maJe of
rice, (for they mull drink no wine) cutlers and fmiths.
As to their burials, every generation or family have
their particular places in the (lelds to inter their dead.
I'hey lay their heads towards Mecca, having a free-
done at each cn<l of the grave, with the feet curioufly
wrought, thereby fignifyingthc worthinefs of thcper-
fon.

" Here was a great rclort of merchants from China,
Hengal, Pegu, Java, Coromandel, Guzarat, Ara-
bia, and Rumos in the Red Sea, and the place from
whence Solmcn fent his (hips to Ophir for gold ;
which is now called Aehin, as by tradition they af-
firm ; and thefe of Rumos from Solmon's time to this
day, have followed the fame tr.idc.

" They have divers Ibrts of coin, as cafpcs, mafs,
cowpan, pcrdaw, and tayell. The Englilh only
faw two lijtts of gold, named mafs, the bigncfs of a
prnny, and as common as pence in England, the other
of lead, called caxas, much like the little token ufed
by the vintners of London. A thoufand fix hun-
dred caflies make one mafs : four hundred cadies a
cowpan; four cowpins one mafs ; five mades four
fiiillings derling ; four mafles make a pardaw ; four
pardaws a tayell : fo that a mat's is nine-pence and
three filths of a penny.

" They fell their pepper by the bahar, which is
equal to j6o of our pounds. I'his cods three pounds
four drillings. They call their pound a Catt, which
is 21 of our ounces. 'I'heir ounces are bigger than
ours, by fo much as 16 is more than 10. The weight
which they fell precious ftoncs by, is called Mafs, ten
and three fourths whereof make an ounce.

" Once every year the king, attended with all his
noblemen, in great pomp, goes to the church to fee if
the Me(riah be come, which happened at the time
of our being here. There were 40 elephants in his
tiain, covered with filk, velvet, and cloth of gold;
with divers noblemen riding upon each ; but there
was one, whole furniture far exceeding the reft, hav-
ing a little golden caftle upon his back, which was
led for the Melfiah to ride in. The king was carried
;dfo in a little cadle. Some had two targets of g(dd,
others great half-moons of gold, with ftrcamcrs,
banners, cnfigns, trumpets, and various other indru-
mcnts of muhc. The proceflion moved in a very fo-
lemn manner, and made a very handfome appearance.
At length, coming to the church, ihey looked in, and
n<it finding the Melfiah, ufed fonie ceremonies; after
which, the king difecnding from his elephant, rode
home upon that prepared for the MelTiah ; and Co ended
the day with fcailing and divcifions."

On the fird of September, the fame day they had the
encounter with the Achtiicle, they departed, and an-
chored

II i

11 '

ii t

TO GUINEA AND THE EAST INDIES.

3*.

chored before the city Pidcr, cxpcdling to hear of the
pinnace they h;id lent thithci before for rice, but did
not return. On the 2d clevm galleys arriving with
Portugucfe (as they thought) to take their fllips, they
funk one and defeated the nik. The fame day there
came to tiiein one La Fort, (the fon of a French
merchant in Seething Lane, London) who was one
of the fight prilbncrs. He w.is lent by the king toafk
them if tliey were notafliamed to be I'uch beath as to
get drunk, and then in tlieir liquor to murder his
people, whom he had fent to then; in kindiiels ? .ind
to demand their befl fliip lor (aiisfaiition, in uhiih
cafe he promiftd to relealc the men. " Do tliis, (aid
he to la Fort, and I will make you a great man j"
but the Flemings wanted latisLiCtion of the king. —
Being dillicired for water, they went to the iflands
called Pulo Botuii, upon the eoall of C^ied.i, in 16
degrees 50 minutes, where ;hey took in prov'ilions. —
There were on board three letters fealcd up, and fub-
fcribed A. B. C. whieh,'upon the death of the B.ial's
were to be opened. By A. one Thomas Quyman'^,
was appointed to be their chief, who ivas llain at
Aeliin. Then B. was opened, whereby La Fort
(whoefcaped) was appointed chief, and was received
as (uch. The letter C uas not opened.

They fet fail again for Achin, on thelaftdayof
the month, in hope?, by fome means, to recover their
men. Oe'tober the 16th they came in light of that
city, and the 12th entered the bay, where they found

10 galleys fet out againlt them. Bearing up to one of
them, they gave her many (hots, but in a calm under
the land, (heefc.Tped; as for the reft, they durft not
come near them. On the i8th, they fleered their courfe
for the city of Tanaflarin, a place of great trade ;
and the 25th anchored among the iflands in the bay, in

1 1 degrees 20 minutes, north. Here the winds proved
fo contrary, that thoy coiild not get up the city, which
ftands 20 leagues witliin the bay. Being in very
great diftrefs for want of viiSuals, they failed for the
iflands of Nicobar, in eight degrees north, where they
arrived the 12th of November, and were fupplied with
plenty of hens, oranges, lemons, and other fruit,
and fome ambergris which they had in exchange
for linen cloth, and table napkins. Thcfc ifles are
pleafant and fruitful, the land low, and has a good
Toad for fliips. The people are very poor, living
tvholly upon fruits and fi(h, without ever manuring
the ground ; and therefore have no rice, which the
fllips being in great want of, the fliips (haped their
Courfe for the ille of Ceylon. TTic fcth of December
they took a ihip of Negapatam, (a city on the coaft
of Coromandel) laden with rice, and bound for
Achin.

There were on board 60 pcrfons from feveral parts.
By them they learned, that at Matcgaloa, and I'rin-
quanamale, cities in Ceylon of great trade, they
might load their (hip with cinamon, pepper and clovts,

and that there was great ({ore of precious ftoncs ahi!
pearls in that ifland, as will as all kind of vidliials
v.;ry cheap, and that the Icing is mortal enemy to the
I'ortugucl'e. Upon this, they did their utinoft to get
thiiher, but could not for the contrary winds. 1 hu
Indians then told tliem, that if ihey would (l.iy till
January, they would meet with more than one hun-
dred fllips failing clofe by that fiiorc^ laden with fpicc,
linen and China comnioilities, bcfides precious floncs
and other rubies. To ftay there as a man of war,
their governor would not agree ; tiier fore the 28th
they fhaped their courfe homewards, having beaten

fivtcen days upon this co.ift 'i"h( y dilcharged

their prize the i8th, after taking the rice, for v.hicK
their chief paid them to their fatisfadlion ; but the
unruly (ailors plundered her of money and mcr-
chandife ; 12 of the Indians of feveni places were de-
tained on board, who informed Captain Davis among
others, after he could a little underftand them, that
there was great (tore of precious ftones in the fliip,
hid under the timber. How true it was the cnptaia
could not fay, for the Flemings would not fuffer ei-
ther him or Tomkins to go on board the prize, for rea-
fons be(f known to theml'elves. The 5th of March,
1600, their food was poifoned, before it was fcrved
to them : but one of the crew tailing by chance, or
grcedinefs, (for it was frefti fifti) was prefcntly in-
fitfted, which gave the alarm. The dole was fuffi-
ciently llrong ; for the furgeon took almoft a Ipoon-
ful of poifon out of one (i(h ; but this the captain
obferves was not the firll time. — The loth they fell
in with the Cape of Good Hope, where they had a great
(lorm, and the 26th doubled the fame. The i jth of
April they anchored at the ifle of St. Helena, in 16
degrees fouth. Here they found good water, figs,
and fifh in plenty, .vith goats, but hard to come at.
The 15th at lun-fct, a caraval anchored within a
large mufquet fliot to windward of them. She was
utterly unprovided, not having one piece mounted :
they fought with her all night, and gave her above
200 fhot. For eight hours (he flood the firing with-
out making the leaft refiftance ; but by midnight (he
had got out fix pieces, which were played upon them
fo well, that their fhip was often fliot through, and
two of their men flain. On which, the i6th in the
morning, they departed for the ifle of Afcenfion, in
eight degrees fouth, where they hoped to meet with
relief, manv of their men being (ick, and arrived

there the 23d. This ifle hath neither wood, water,

nor any green thing upon it, but is a fruitlefs green
rock, of five leagues broad. The 24th they failcJ
for F'crnando Loronha, where they knew they fhould
find relief, having ftaid at this ifle 10 weeks outward-
bound. The 6th of May they arrived there, and
continued fix days to water and refrefli themfelves.
On the 13th, they (haped their courfe for England,
and arrived at Middleborough on the 29th of July.

1600

VOYAGES OF THE ENGLISH TO THE EAST INDIES, IN SHIPS
EQUIPPED BY THE COMPANY OF MERCHANTS.

TH E merchants of London, in the year 1600,
having joined together, and made a (tock of
72,0001. to be employed in (hips and merchandifes,
for the difcovcry of trade in the Eaft Indies, they
bought and fitted four large (hips-, the Dragon, of
600 tons, and 202 men. Captain James Lancaflcr
admiral ; the Heflor, of 300 tons, and 108 men.
Captain John Middleton, vice .idmiral ; the Afcen-
fion, of 26q tons, and 32 men, in which was Wil-
liam Brand, chief governor j and the Sufannah, of
Vol. I. No. 30.

280 tons, 84 men. Captain Hayward : there were
likcwL(if in each (hip three merchants, who were to
fucceed e.ich other in cafe of death. To thefc, the
Gucft, a (hip of 130 tons, was added, asaviYhial-
Icr. This fleet was furnifhed with men, vifluals,
and ammunition, for 20 months, and carried in Mer-
chandife and Spanifh money, to the value of 27,000!.
All the reft of their flock was laid out in thepurchafe
and equipment of the (hips, in providing them with
neccfl'aries, and in advancing or lending money to the
4 U mariners

i+'^

Voyages ok t he e n (i l i s ii

jfi3r. ni.iriiicrs and Tailors. Qiiccn Eiiz.ibitli li.i. ing bftii
I . I y I ;ij)j))icJ to by llic owncr^, gave ilii-m u Itttci o!' r..iom-
meml.\tion, to divers princes nt' India, otiering to
enter into .1 UMgue ot peace and amity with tliem \
and granted the admir.il a commiilion ot' martial
law.

Thifc (liips departed lV(im \\'o(>Kvich, on the 13th
ot Februaiy, ifcoo; but ll.ii'l I'o long in the Ihanics
and Downs for want of wind, th.it it was EalUr
before they arrived at Dartmouth J where tliey Iptnt
live or lix days in talking in their bread and other
j>rovifions. From thence thvy failed on the i8thot
April, lOoi, and put into Torbay ; where the
admir.il lint on board all the fliips inltruclions for
keepinj; eomp my at lia, and appointed the phices ol
rendizvous, ni ijfe of liparalion bv lUirnis or other
attidents. Thcll- places were the calms of Canaria,
the b.'.y of S.Jdanna, (in -ale they coukl not double
tiie Cipc of Ciocid Hope) L'ape bt. Roman in Ma-
djgafc.ir, the lilanJ C'irne, ( or Diego Rodrigues )
and ; It, Sumatra, the lii 11 of trade.

H^vvini; palled the C.uiaries, they lay frojn the lotli
of .M.iy, till the 21ft of June, for the mod pait be-
calmed, and with conlriiry winds at louth, fo that
with mu'.h ado, they got into two degrees north.
Here Ipying a (hip, they chaced and took her, fhe
belongeil to the Portugucfe, and came from
I.ifbon in comp.iny with two caracks, and three
galleon?, bounel for the Eaft Indies, which ihips (he
had loft at fea. The galleons were fcnt to guard the
coall, and prevent other nations from tr.iding there.
'l"he Engliih took out of her 146 pi|)cs of wine, and
176 jars of oil, befules twelve barrels thereol, and
lifty-five hogflieads of meal. This provilion, wliieh
was a great help to them in the whole voyage, the
admiral diftributed impartially among the ihips, to
every one his portion.

On the laltof June, the wind being at fouth-caft,
about midnight, they palled the line, and lolHightof
the north-liar, thus holding on their courl'e foiith-
iouth-welt, VN'ith a fouth-calt wind, :lioy doubled tlic
Cape St. Augiiftine at about twenty-fix leagues
diftancc. 0\\ the lOth of July, they were got into
nineteen d.grees fortv minutes fouth, the wind in-
larging daily to tlie eaftward. Here they unloaded
Gueft, which carried the viiSluals that the four ihipa
could not receive in England ) after which, they ti-ok
her malls f.iils, and yards, and broke dow n hci
higher buildings for fire-wood, and fo lefi her lloating
in the fea. C)n the 24th of July, they p-illl-d the
tropic of Capricorn, the wind being nnrth-eall-by-
noith, hoMing their courle eaft-fouth-ealK And now
bv rcal'on of their long continuance under the line,
(occafioncd by their letting out of England fix or
fevcn weeks too late, to make a quick voyage) many
of their men fell lick. Therefore, on the 2qth of
Julv, being in twenty-eight degrees and a hall, the
admiral wrote a dircclinn to the governor of each fliip,
to repair eiih'.r to Sald.mna or St. Helena, lor re-
freftling. They came into thirty-dejjrees fouth, on
the I ft of Augult, where they met with thclouth-welt
wind, to the great comfort of the men j for by this
time in;iiiy of them were fallen fick of the fcurvy ; fo
that all the ihip?, except the .idmiral's, were fo thin
of men, th.it they had I'carce enough to handl; the
fails. This wind lafted till within 250 leagues of
the Cape of Good Hope, and then changed to the
end. Thus it held fifteen or fixtecn day?, to the great
alflietion of the men ; for now the few who were well
before, began alio to fall fick ; whence the want of
hands were fo great in fome of the (hips, tliat the
merchants took their turns at the helm, aniTwent
aloft to take in the toplails, as the common failors
did. Hut at length a fair wind coming about again,
on the 9th of September, ihcy reached Saldanna ;
where the admiral ad\ancing foremoft, came to
anchor, and then fent his boats to help the reft of
the lhip«, which were in fuch a weak condition, that
ih V were harelly able to let fall an anchor.

'I'lic admiral went on board them, carrying a

liifKcient number of men wiih .hiir, aiil hoifled nut
lluir boats foi them, whieU th^y were n"t able 1.1 ilii
fur theinfelveo. Tlic realon why liis crow were 111
beltct health tl: 111 thole in the other (hips, was owing
to the juice of lemons, of which ilie .idmiral h.iJ
brought fome bottles to lea with him, w hieli he g.ive u
e.ich as long as it hdlcd, three Ipoonluls e\erv morniiijl
falling, not fufiViiiig them to cat after it till no;;ii'.
(I'his remtdy will h..\e a better ell'.tt, if the p.irty
keep to a (hort diet, and wholly refrain from fait meat j
which fait meat, and being long at fea, is the only
caule of this difeafe.) liy thefc means the admiral
cured many of his men, and preferved the reft, fo
that although his (hip contained double the number
of the reil, yet he neither had Co many fick, nor loll
fo many men as they did. Ihcy were greatly helped
by this care of the admiral, who likewil'e went (oon
on land to leek rcfrelhmcnts for them, v\hcre meeting
with fome of the country people, he gave them divers
trifles, as knives, pieces of old iron, and the like,
making figns to bring him (hccp and oxen j for l.o
fpoke to them in the cattle's language, which v/as
never ch.'.nged at tlie conlulion of Dabel, ami
which language they undtrlluod without any inter-
preter.

After he had difmilTed the people, very well con-
tented with their prefents, and kind ufage, order was
given, that cerMin of every (hip's company (hould
bring their fails on land, to make tents for their llcic
men, alio to rail'e works for their defence againft
any attempt of the natives, in cafe they fliould tako
dilguil. The admiral preferibed alio an order for
tr.illic with the people ; which was, that whenever
they eanie down with the cattle, only five or fix men
appointed for that purpofe, (hould go to deal with
them ( that the reft (which were never to be under
thirty mul'i|uets and pikes) (hould not come nc.nr the
market by two hundred yards at leaft, and (liould
always (land drawn up in a rank, with their muf-
ejuets on their nils, to be re.idy againll all accidents.
I'liis order was moft ftriiilly obferved and kept, (o
that no man durft ",o to fpeak with any of thcnatives^
without I'pecial leave.

Tlie third day after their arrival, the people
brought down beef and mutton, which they bought
lor pieces of old iron hoops ; as two pieces of eight
inches each for an ox, and one piece of the I'aine
length for a (heep, with which they fecmcd to be well
eoiitented. In ten or twelve days they had of them
ioco (heep; and forty-two oxen, and might have
b.en fupplied with many more, if they had wanted
them. But within twelved.iys, they ccafed to bring
them any more cattle; after this, the people ofteft
came to vifit them, and when the Engliflt made them
figns to bring them more (heep, they pointed t(>
thofe that had been bought, which the admiral caufed
to be kept grazing upon the hills about their tents.
For this reafon, as the Englifh judged, the natives
thought they would have fettled there, and therefore
brought them no more. During their ftay here, their
refrefliment was fo good, that all the men recovered
their health and llrtngth, except four or five. Thefe
added to thofe they loft l)efore their arrival, amounted
to 105 men; and yet it was judged, the remainder were
ftronger when they left this bay, than at their depar-
ture from England; the men were fo well inured to
the fouthern climates.

On the 24th of (Jflobcr, the admiral caufed all
the tents to be taken down, and the incn to repair on
board the (hips. Heing there fupplied with wood
and fre(h water, on the 2gth, they put to lea, pafling
out of the bay by a fmall ifland, that lies>in the moutti
thereof; which is exceeding full of penguins, (o
that (hips might rcfre(h there, if there was no other
place for the purpofe. Over the bay of Saldanna,
there (lands a very high hill, flat like a table, and is
called the table ; fuch another diftindl mark to know
an harbour by, is not to be found in all that coaft i
for it is cafily ditctrned i'cventecn or eighteen leagues
at fea.

Suttday

^■■^

I {) CL'INKA AND THE EAST INDIES.

Itli

Sunday moriiin;;, tin: \'\ '>( Novenbcr, they
iloublnl 1 lie t.'.i|'i- lil tiiu>il Il'|ii, havings Inlli gali
at will-inMili-wat, On ili' .'.oili, lluy Ici' in witli
the hcul-l.iml lit St. Lawriiitf, Himcwhat to thi- call
of Cape bill 111 nil i ami luini; wilhiii live miles iil the
Ihorc, limndul, aiiJ Imuul twenty-live la.hdnis.
The vaiiation oi the t<ini|>ars was liule niiiic ( r lels
than lixteiJM lic^rcis ; f.ir in an ealt aiiJ well ccuile,
the kiKiwkilL',.- ij(' till, vjiiatiun hiljis nimli, i Ipecally
in lhi» voyage. Kiuiu the 2(jih ol Nuvenilicf, till
the i5lliol U.eenMKr, they plinl loeallward, as near
;is they could lie ; always linniig to t;et to the illanil
of Ceine, which in fonie charts is called l)ic;;o
RoUrii;ucb ; hut after coining ti. the ifland of St.
Lawrence, they (till fouml the wind at call, and ealU
foutli-calt, ami call-tmrth-e.ill, fo that they could
not letch it; and to drive loni', in hopes of chaiii^e
of winds, might have been of b.ul coiilci]uciice, lince
the men began again to tall lick of the fciirvy. How-
ever, the captain of the v icc-adtniial, ailviUd the
tidmiral to put into the bay of Anion;;ile, in order to
remove that dileafe with oranges and lemon* ; the
fame was approved of by him, and council called tor
that purpole. On the 17th, tbey had fijrht of the
foutheriiioll part of St. Mary ; and next day having
anchored between that illaiid and St. Lawrence, they
lent their boats to land at the former, where they had
great llore of the above-mentioned fruit. Hut while
they rode here, there arole fo great a Itorin, that three
of their (hips were driven from their anchi t^. li
continued lixtecn hours, after which, the (hips re-
turned and weiylied anchor again.
in fc in " ' *'■' i'bind of St. ^^lry (f.iys the author) i^

llleolOt.Wary^^.^,^ land, and full of woods. ' I'he people are
black, the men very handfonic and tall ■, tht-y have
curled hair, only before on their foreheads tliey llroke
it up, as the i^onien do in England, fo that it (lands
(bme three incbe^ ujiiight ; they go quite naked, only
covering their priv.Ue parts ; are eafy to convene
with, y.;t feem to be very valiant, thiir food is rice,
and fome h(li, y^t the voyagers coulil !;et but a fiiiall
quantity of the former, for the time of ihelr Itore was
far fpcnl, and harvell was at hand. There arc two
or three watering places on the north part of the
ifland, but none of them very commodious ; yet,
with fome trouble, there is \v.;li r enough to he had.
Kclides the rice and fruits above mentioned, nothing
was to be had, except a fniall i|uantity of goats
milk i they faw only one cow, and that the people
drove away, as foon as they perceived the Englilh to
land. Seeing therefore, thit there was fo little re-
(Vcdimcnt to be had, ami the place ib dangerous to
ride in, the admiral gave order to fail immeiliately to
the bay of AiUongile; the time of year being f|icnt
the ealterly winds came agaiiHl them, and the men
fick. On the 23d of December, they left St. Mary's,
iind on the 25th, entering the bay of Antongile, came
to anchor in eight fathoms water, between a (mall bay
and the main, in a very good and fafe road.

The day after, landing in the main ifland, the
people foon repaired to t him, and by figns informed
them of the live Dutch lliipv, and that they had
bought the mo(V part of their piovilioii ; however
they entered into barter with the Englilh for
rice and hens, oranges, lemons, and plantancs,
but they held them all at a high rate, ami
brought but a fmail quantity. This market was
near a great river, into which they went in their
boats ; thofe appointed to be buyers landed, the rell
remained in the boats fifteen or twenty yards off;
where the natives could not come at them, always
ready with their weapons in their hands, to take in
thofe that were on (hore, if occafion were. They
trifled away fome days before they could bring the
people to deal; for all thofe of the fouth and ca(t parts,
are very fubtic in buying and felling, fo that unlcfs
you hold a (triiSl hand with them, you will hardly
bring them to trade at all ; for they will ihift you
continually to g>ve a little more ; and if you comply,
none will fell ur.der that price : fo that care muft be

■ay

taken not to give more to one than .mother. Tic
ulinir.il leeing ilie , eommamk d '.< Illealuie to be mnde 1 I
ilniolt a quart, aiiulitikd how many gl.ils bead- Ih'.uld
he given lor eveiy niealure. i lie like older ■ as tmt
down with lelpict to manges, lemon-, and plan-
tancs ; the iiumher to be given for ivuy bed, was
hxed, nor were ihev to ileal on otlu r terms. 1 he
merchants, alter a little holding olf, cuiileiited, and

their dealing was Iraiik, witliuut any d Ipute.

They bought here hftaii tons ami a qu.iiiiiiy it
rice; forty or lilly bulheU it their pe.ile ami b^aii- ;
great llore of oranges, knuuis, and plaiilanes ; and
eight beeves, with many liens. V\ liile lluy ri.le
in this bay, tliiy put togitlKr a i iiin.ne of ib Ivii-,
brought out of l.iigland 111 piece.. ; ami ciittiiig hiami
trees, (which I'.rew there in abuiidanci ) lartul tin 111
into boards, and (heailied her. She was i.l ule to y'
belore the (hips, at their ariual 111 Imii.i."

In this bay, there iliid out of liie a.'.ii'iral's lliip,
the mailer, mate, the cha|>lain, and the lurgmn,
iiitli ten cominoii men ; outiif the Vice-admii..l, un:
mailer and two others ; ami out i.l the Alciiifniii by
a very great mifchance, veie llain, the ca|itaiii and
the buatfwain's mate i lor when la y were i .iiiyiiiy;
the mailer's mate out of the Diagon, on ll.oie to be
buried, the captain of the Aficnlion link his boat to
attend the ccrcn.ony : and as it is the culloin at lea,
10 difcharge fome pieces of ordnance at the iiiter-
nunt of any ollicer, the gunner (hot off three guii-»
and the balls being in them, one llruek the Ale. 11-
I'lui's boat, and killed the c.iptain and boatlwaiii's
iiuite ; (0 that thefe two, vi ho \<eiit to lee the bui.al
of another, were both buried themfelves. ill- dil-
timper which the red died of, was t!ie flux, wliich,
' ill the authoi's opinion) was uccalii ned by .iie water
II. y dr.mk : for it being winter, wluii it rained very
niui'i, the country was overflo .^ed ; fo that ih-' w.iler
was not wholfome, as it fehloni is in thofe hut
climates, during the rains. 'i'his dillafe is olten
caught by going open and cold at the lloinaeh }
w'hieh the men would often do when they w.ro hot.
The (hips left this bay on the 6lh of Manh, and
the lOth, fell in with an ifland called l\iu|iie-I'i/,
n ten degrees, thirty minutes fuu h. Hither the
admiral lent his boat to look lor a ro.al, but (he found
(lor the mod part) deep water, where the (h ps could
not (all ly ride. In coalling this ifl.ind, it appeared
very fair and pleafant, very full of fowl-, and
idcoa-nut trees, and there came a flagrant Inull iVoiii
the fliore, as if it hail been a garden full of Howi rs ;
and as the boats went near the (hore, they faw abun-
dance of tifh, and the fowls came fiviiig about ihrin
fo cloli?, that with th.ir oars they killed many, wnieli
were the tatted and the bed they h.id talKd all the
voyage; betides to very numerous, as to have (t rveil
many more (hips than they had w ith them. On the
joth of Match, 1602, being in fix degrees loiith,
tiny went over a ledge of rocks; looking oi;!-
hoard, and feeing them uiiiler thi' fliip, aboie hie
fathoms deep, they were much amay.ed, the acciJint
was I'o fudden and unexpeckd : but foon after th: v
tacked about they found eight fathoms ; and k> heiil
on their conrl'e ead. One of the nun Iroiii the lop
(aw an ifland to the louih-oall, live or fix leagues off,
being but low land. 't'his they judged to he C.iii.lu,
although by cdimation, they weic not gimelo far to
the cadwaiil ; thirteen or tourtun k agues beyond
this, they fell upon another flat of rotks. 'I'hin
cadiiig about to the fouthward, and falling Iwclvi;
leagues f.irther, they found other roiks; fo that
examining divers ways, they dilcovereil fiat- of rocks
round about them, with twenty or thiity, and in
fome places forty or (ifty fathoms water in the midd:
of them. Here they were for two days and a half in
exceeding danger, and could find no way to extricate
themfelves. But at lad they retolved to :"ail north-
ward, and in fix degrees forty-three minutes, found
fix fathoms water. The pinnace alv/ays went before
them founding, with orders to make figns wh it depth

Ifliehad, that they might follow her. Being delivered
out

347

I'l..'.

:^,

..f^-

I4i

VOYAGES OF THE ENGLISH

i6m

out of this difficulty, they held on their couil'o with
' variable winds, till the 9th of M:iy, about three in
the .afternoon, they had light of thciflandsof Nico-
bar, and bearing in, anchored on the north fide of the
channel ; but the wind changing to the fuuth-welt,
they were forced to leave their anchors, and remove
over to the fouth fide, undera fmall ifland that lies near
the ftiore. Here they met with very little refreftiment,
.'except freOi water, and fome cocoa-nuts, yet th<- oco-
ple came on board in long canoes, each of . nich
.would hold 20 men, and Drought gums to fell in-
IHesd of amber, whereby feveral were deceived. —
.They brought alfo hens and cocoa-nuts to fell,
but held them fo very dear, that few were bought :
they flayed here 10 days, placing their ordnance,
and trimming their (hip, that they might be in readi-
nefs on their arrival at their iirll port, which was not
far otF.

I " The 20th of April they fet fail for Sumatra, but
were hindered by the currents and the wind, which
blew hard at fouth fuuth-wcll. Thus beating up and
down, the fhips fprung two leaks, wliich forced them
logo to the ifland uf Sombrero, 10 or twelve leagues
northward of Nicobar. Here, (fays our author) we
in the admiral's fliip loft an anchor, the ground be-
ing fo foul, (incumbered with abundance of counter-
feit coral, and roclcs) that they cut their cable. The
people of thefe iflands go naked, hiving only llie pri-
vities wrapped up in a piece of linen, which comes
about their middle like a girdle, and fo between their
legs. They ureall of a tawny complexion, and paint
their faces with divers colours. They are well made,
but very fearful j for none of them would goon board
the (hips, nor even the boats. The admiral reported,
that he had feen fome of their priefts, or facrificers,
who wore garments, but fitted as clofe to their bodies,
as if they had been fcwcd up in them : upon their
heads was a pair of horns turned backwards, which,
as well as their faces, were painted green, black and
yellow i and behind them a tail, hanging down, much
in the fame manner, that the devil is painted in Eng-
land. Demanding why they went in that attire, an-
fuer was made him, that in fuch form the devil ap-
peared to them in their facrificcs, and therefore the
priells his fervants were fo apparelled."

" This ifland is fall of trees which, for their height,
bulk, and ftrcightnefs, will fervc the largeft (hips
for marts. Leaving Sombrero on the 2d of June,
they had fight of Sumatra, and the 6th anchored in
the road of Achin, about two miles from the city j
where they found 16 or 18 fail of different nations,
fome of Bengal, others of Calicut, called Malabars,
Guzarats, Pegus, and Patans. There came to them
two Dutch Merchants who had been left to learn the
language and manners of the country. Thefe told
them they (hould be very welcome to the king, who
was defirous to entertain ftrangers ; and that the queen
of England was renowned in thofe parts, on account
of the great vidorics which (he had obtained againfl
the king of Spain. The fame day the admiral fent
Captain Middleton, with four or five gentlemen to
attend him, to wait on the king, and inform him,
that he was fent from the admiral of thofe (hips, who
had a meflage and a letter from the moft famous queen
of England, to the mo(l worthy king of Achin and
Sumatra. He was alfo dcfired to aflc whether it was his
royal majedy's picafure to give the mcflcnger au-
dience, to deliver his meflage and letter, with a fafe
conduift for himfelf and his people, according to the
known laws of nations. The captain was very kindly
entertained by the king, who gladly granted his rc-
queft, and a(ked him many queftions ; after which he
caufed a feaft to be made for him, and at his depar-
ture gave him a robe and Calico turban, wrought with
gold, which was a mark of fpecial favour here. As
to the admiral, his will was, that he (hould ftay one
day on board his (hips to reft himfelf after the fatigues
of the fcas, and the next to land to receive his au-
dience, that he might venture with as great fecurity
as if he were in the kingdom of the queen his miftrefs ;
6 I

but that if he doubted his royal word, pliJi^c! (li.')ul(l
be fent him, to his full fatislaflion. 'I'he jil d.iy the
admiral went on (horc, acconin^niid w ul> .ilunit 30,
attendants. At his landing, the butch meiih.Mit, met
him, and conducted him to their houfe, as it was ap-
pointed ; for he would take no houfe of his own, t:ll
he had fpokcn with the king. Soon after, a noble-
man coming, falutcd the ad.iiiral very politily, and
having declared that he came from his m.ijclly, de-
manded the quecn'i letter. This the admiral reluUd
to comply with, faying, it w.is the privilege of um-
bafladors, in thofe parts from whence he came, to de-
liver their letters to the princes ihcnifelves, an.! not
to any who reprefented their perfons. On this the
nobleman defired to fee the fupeiTcriplion, which lie
rc.id and copied) he wrote alfo the qutin's name,
and looked very earncftly upon the fcal ; afr.r whitli
he with great courtefy, took his leave, to make report
of what was palled.

" Soon after the king fent fix great elcphnnt', with
many trumpets, drums and ftreamcrs, alio aciinfidcr-
able number of people to accompany the admiral to
court, fo that the prcfs was exceeding ,"i. at. 'I'he
biggeft of the elephants was aboiit ij or 14 feet
high, and had a fmall caftle like a coach upon his
back, covered with crimlim velvet. In the iivildlc of
it was a great gold bafon, covered with a piece ot
filk, exceeding richly wroii^lit, under which the
queen'M letter was put. The adinir;il was inounled
upon another of the elephants. Some of his attiiid-
ants rode, others went on foot ; but when he can.c to
the court-gate, there a nobleman (lopped him, till
he went to know the king's farther pleafurc j but foon
returning, defired tlie admiral to eiit.r. When he
came into the king's prefencc, he made liis reverence,
after the manner of the country, declaring that lie
was fent from the moft mighty queen of Lnglaiid, t(«
congratulate his higlinefs, and enter into a tieaty
with him of peace and amity. Ashe was going on
with his difcourfe, the king interrupted him, faying,
— I am fure you are weary with the long journey you
have taken. I would have you fit down and reft your-
felf; you are very welcome, and (hall have whatfo-
cver you can in reafon demand, for your miftrcfs's
fake : for (he is worthy of all kindnefs and fincerc
dealing, being a princels of noble difpofition ; for fo
much lame fpeaksof her.— -—The admiral perceiving
the king's mind, prcfentcd him the queen's letter,
which he readily receivetl, and delivered the fame to
a nobleman ftanding by him. Then the admiral made
a tender of the prelent, which was a bafon of fil-
ver, with a fountain in the middle, weighing 205
ounces i a great cup of filvcr ; a rich looking-
glafs ; a head-piece, with a plume of feathers;
a rich embroidered {belt to hang a fword in, and a
fan of feathers. All thefe were received by a noble-
man of the court ; only the king himfelf took the fan
into his own hand, and caufed one of his women to
fan him with it, as the thing, which among thofe of
the prefents pleafed him moft. The admiral ihtn
having again feated himfelf on the ground, as the
manner is, a very great banquet was fervcd up. Ail
the difhes were either of pure gold, or another metal
in great eftimation among ihcm, called 'i'amb.iyk, be-
ing a mixture of gold and brafs. During this enter-
tainment, the king, as he fiit aloft in the gallery,
about a fathom from the ground, drank often to the
.idmiral in arrack. This liquor is made of rice,
ai.J is as ftrong as any of our aqua-vitx : a little
fuffices to make one llcep. 'i'he admiral perceiv-
ing the ftrength of it, after the iirft draught,
ivith the king's leave, drank either water alone, or
mixed with it. — The fealt being ended, the king fent
for his damfels to come and dance, and his women to
come and play on mufic to them : thefe women were
richly dreifed, and .idorned with braccletsand jewels.
Ihis is reckoned an extraordinary favour, for thcv
are not ufually feen of anv, but fuch as the king would
greatly honour. 'Ihe king gave the admiral a fine
white robe of callico, richly wrouj^ht with gold, and

a very

to GUINEA AND THE FAST ! N D I K

3"<

very fir

die of 'riitkry work, .iiiii two cri-

all

llic kinu

prol'tiK'

^lIKl1
In Chi

LI). ..II put nil III

iiKinnci hf w.u

il'if-

iiiiir (!, willi iiiaiiv grti.t courlilics, iuul one ftiit iiloiij;
with hiin to m.ikc ilioicc of ii houfc in tlu'iity,
wi-ic ihj ...In\ir:il IlioiilJ tliiiik moll i-oiiviTiiciit ; liut iu
(liis tine hi' J'.cIiii'.'J tlicfa\our, .iiul r.iiliL-r iluifi' to

^u un bo.uJ III] Ihi

to I'oiilulir o

(hi

e (|uv. n ^

l.'ttu

riu

lo iic\t tunc till; .uliiiir.il went to

cniirl, Iu- liml ;i lor.;: confcrciico willi tlic kill", loii-

tllL' fi

«ith whicli tlic king faiiail to bu

very will I'.itijficJ, f.iying, 'I'liiit if tlu coiilnits cunic
from llic liijit, he li.ij ^^ooJ i-.uili; to think wall ot it ;
tliat for the kiiijue htr nv.iju-dy wiis ililirous to make
with him, he was very w illii'r; to concur. I.ajlly,
that as to liie clemamls relatini;lo traJe, he hail |;iven
tvvjof his nohles old. IS to cooler with liini ..Innit it.
aii'J proiiiiful that what her ni.ij'dy haJ umiellul,
would Ik' j;rantej. With this fitisfaotoiy aiifwer,
after another feall, th.- admiral departcl ; and next
day fent to the nor.lt-nian the king h.id named to him,
to know their time for the Conference, Om- ol tlu'iii
was the chief bilhip of the realm, a man ulII defeiv-
ing of the treat elUem which both the kiii^ and
people hail for him, fir he was very wife and tenipe-
r.ito. The other was one of the aiitient nohiliiy, a
pcrl'i.n of much gravity, hut not fo lit for iranraeting
biifintfs a^ the hilhop. 'I'lie p.iities liav iiig met at the
time appointed, matters were talked <ner liei.'.' i'
them. riie conferreiue was held in Arabic, wliieli
hoth the bilhijp and nobleniaii iinderllond \ery well.
On thisoceafioii a Jew, brought from luul.ii'd, who
fpokc that laii;4iiai;e perfectly, was of great fervice to
the admiral. This latter having; made fever.d de-
mands, concerninj; the freedoms for the nierch.nits ;
tile bidiop allved him what realons he had to otlir that
might induce the king to grant them; on which the
.admiral .illcdgcd the foUouinj:; : the iineen's alt'ec-
lion and friendrtiip j her worthinefs, in pr.ilecliiiL',
others agaiiill the king of Spain, the common cneni)
ill thofc parts, and her noble mind in lefuling tlu
ofler of thole countries.

He .idded, that (lie did not fuft'er any prinre to
exceed her in kindncfs i that her forces iiail gnined
many vidlories over the ,S|ianiard!., and hind, rid the
attempts t/f the Portugiiefe againll thole p.irts ; —
that the Grand Sigiior had already entered into
a league with her niajefty on honourable conditions.
The admiral next Faid down realons, drawn from the
advantages arifing from commerce. lie alledged that
the king could not but be fenfible of the profpcrity
Vi'hich tr.ide brought upon all countries, and the in-
crcafe that occurred to the revenues of the fevcrat
princes, by the cullom of commodities ; that fovc-
rcigiis grew renowned and formidable, in proportion
to the wealth of their fubjeils, which augmented by
commerce i that the more kindly llrangers were en-
tertained, die more trade flouriflied ; and confciiucntly
the prince became more rich. That with regard to
Acliin in particular, the port lay well for the trade of
Bengal, Java, the Moluccas, and China j which
countries, having vent for their mercliandife, would
not fail to refoit thither wiih them j that by thi>
means, as the king's power w<mld improve, the trade
of the I-'ortuguefe, and their great ftrength in the In-
dies would gradually diminilh : and that in cafe his
m.ijefty Iliould want any artificers, he might have
them out of Kngland, only fatisfying them for their
voyage, and allowing them liberty to return when diey
ibought lit ; th.it any other neceilarv which his coun-
try atfordtd, flioiild be at the king's fervicc, prc-
fumingthat his majelly would not demand any thing
that the queen could not with nlcafurc confent to, or
Vol. 1. N' 30.

* The bill lime of liis l»cin«; at court, lia\ ing leave to fettle a
fiiflovy, ar.il !)uiM a Kilt It llic colrancc of the liailiour. uiulci
Itctcncc (if fcciiri"!; the rnercliantv goo.is 'tocaiifc t!ie cirv was
liiliicti to lire. I iie kins; pcrceiiini; f.is ilclitn, give hiiiitiiiv
intwcr : " Until vnui- iiuiltr [f«y. Tie) « ilaltjIeeV lo gi^e irn

il'..t (liould be contrary ei'hcr to tli.i In lu.iii, ll.-

lur le.'^.;ues with Lliiiiti m pr

If.

tartlii

th.

111!

rii>
id

'-^•\'V>

loilid c:i:ile ini-

meiliate prodainatiun

to be

'that iini.

, f hi!

people flii.uld .ibufe any of llir Knglini, but tf.at th

iht (

reijii

,(l'

. fo efl'e

tlvir trade pvaeealdy : and this I. It

fubj'ets were

Uriel'

iually gi

lh..t ,:ltlii ii,;h hJH

y P

ibitt

a'k bs'

It, v;C

the Eiiglidi might !;(j botf iiight .in. I I'tiy v. iih.'ut

lemipiion ;

at iinl.iw

fill ho

if any of tiiini vvtio found abro.id
the jullice brought thin Irinie to
the tidiiiiral's hiiule, ..uil ih re dcliv. I rd th .'in."

The conference bting enilid, tlv biihrp dvfind tlio
adiniial In b t him haiea nicinora.'.dum in writ'iig (>t°
his reafiui'-, and the privilc;;cs he dLnvinikd in tlio
queen's name, for tSte meuliar.l«, in or.ler t.i lliew
to the king; telling; him, thatv.ithin three days he
(lioiild have his i;i;j liy'. r.nfwcr. After thi'-, (oUiC
iliieoiirfe p.iflcil, relating to '\v: afl'.iits of ChiilUn-
doin, and then with much c.nigratiilation tliey broko
lip for that time. Having takm care to lend Lis d.-
maiids, (\^liieli wire p.iriiydrawn up hefore h..n I) 10
the ii'ibl.men j the w xt time he went lo court, as hs:
fit before the kitig, looking .'.t cock-fightin/, {which
w.is one of tile chief (li\-i lions of that moii..r.!i)
he lent his interpreter with his db-'dieiice to his ni-ijef-
ty, defiring him to be mindliil of the biifinefr. alu.ut
which he had conferred with his nobli n.r.n. Here-
iipuiithe king called the admiral, and t'dd him, th.ic
he wai carelul of his difpatcli.'v, .iiid would v. illingly
enter into tte.ity with her ir::jifty, fayiir/, that on h:s
part it lluHild inviolably be kept ; that as for the de-
nt. ind-i and .articles he had let donn in writing, tiny
lliould all be drawn up fair by one of h^s fecietarie'^,
and aittliori/.-d by himlelf. Aeeordingly, within fi\c
or fix d.iys they were delivered to the ailmiral by the
king's own hand, acconip.inied with m.Tiiy kind and
gracious exprcfTions.

This league of pe.ice tind amity biitig fetiUd, tlti;
ir.creliams went contituially to pro\ ide pepp.r foi la-
ding their (hips, but tlicrecaine in but final I (|'.;:'nti!ie>,
on account of the lalt year's fterility. Therefore
iinderltandingby fonte of the natives, that at a port
called Priaman, about 150 leagues from thence,
in the fouth part of the illand ; they might load one-'
of tlieir finaller (hips, they fent the Sufan thither,
appointing .Mr. Ilenri' Middleton captain andchiif
mercli.int In her. I'ltcy were alfo much gricvul
that Captain John Davis, their principal pilot, had
told the merchants defore their coming from I.ondnn,
that pepper was to be had here for four Spanilh rials ^^(
eight, the hundred j whereas it coll them almoll
twenty. The admiral, on this account, was per-
plexed how to load the fliips fo as to favehisovvii
credit, preftrve thecftccmof the nurchaiits who em-
ployed him, and keep up the reputation of his coun-
try, confidering how difgraceful it would appear iu
the neighbouring nations if they (hould return empty
from the Indies. Bcfides, the I'ortugucfeamb.iflador
watched every ftcp they took, although be was no
way acceptable to the king. Soon after this, thcic
came to their houfc to fell hens, an Indian belong-
ing to the Portuguefe captain, who came with a cargo
of rice, from the port of Bengal. As this captain lay
in the ambad'ador s houfe, the admiral miftrufted the
Indian came only as a fpy ; however, he ordered that
he (hould be well ufcd, and that they fliould always
buy his hens, giving him a handfomc price. At lalf,
the admiral took occafion to talk with him, aflcinjj
whence he came, and what country he w.is of; and in
the courfe of the converi'atlon, underltood that he
fcrveda Portuguefe, and then propofedthathc (hould let
him know the motions of the Portuguefe ambafTidor,
4 X promifing

foti, that he is fo careful of my country ? He nceil not Iw at the
charge of liuiUling a fort ; for I have a fit hoifc within Ituid,
aliout two leagues from this cite, which I will Ipate liftn for
the uleof his failory, where they may dwell without fear cither
of eaemics or f;ic j for I will piotci^ ikciii."

vDYACfes or tme encmsm

III

promi/ine to give him hi* liticrty for ihat firvicc.
■* The Initial) went aw.iy very will picafalj as was
vilible by his countenance, and the (|iiiekners iil his
pace. Anil by lii< niean-i, whatever the nmbafl'ajur
dill all the day, they were I'uie tn hear it cither that
night, or next murniiig, and the man carried the
matter fu warily, that neither any of the amball'ador's
houl'c, nr of thu Knijlifli themrelvcs, knew what he
came about ) for he bad all the necell'.My qualifica-
tions i)t' a f|n', being (ul'iiicioii'i, crafty, cautious,
and fubtle, never trulting any to hear what dikoiirfe
he had with the admiral, hut delivcied his mind lu
him alone, and that in fo ciielcis a manner, as if he
had aniwered the admiral's ijuedions innocently, and
witliout defigiij for he IKxid in fear of the Kiiglilh,
lell ihey Ihould betray the fecret of his coming; to (i.11
hens, which fervcd to colour liis coming to their huufe.
Next day the admiral was fent for to go to court,
where the king difcourfed with him, about an am-
bafl'agc the monarcii of Siam had fent him, about the
connuert of Malacca, and what forces he would aflitl
him with by fea, if he undertook that fervice ; for
the king of Sumatra was able to lit out a great number
of galleys, jirovided he had four or five months warn-
ing before hand. This propor.il the admiral fecoiuied
with many reafons, and took occafion to mention
how infokntly the Spanifh anibaflaJor carried himfcif j
and that his coming was only as a fpy, to difcoyer
the ftrcngth of his kingdom. " 1 know well, (faid
the king) for they arc enemies of mine, as 1 have
been to them ; but how came you to know fo much ?"
Tlic admiral anfwercd, that the ambadador had
planted fpies about him, to obfeivc all his ai^ions,
and pry into his defigns ; among other things, that
lie had got a draught of his (liips, with intent to fend
it to Malacca, and procure force Irom thence, to let
upon them unawares. Tlic kiiij fmiled to hear the
admiral talk at this rate, niu! laid. " Yow need not fear
any danger from that tjuarter ; for all the fticn^;th
they have at Malacca, is not able to do thee any harm,"
the admiral anfwcred, I do ni't fear their ftrengtli as
to what they can do to mc ; but it may prevent my
attempts againft them ; for if they fltould have notice
of the time I mean to go to lea, thev will be furc to
keep within their ports ; fo that I Ihall not be able to
come at them. "Is it fo f" faid the king, " Yes, (faid
the admiral) and therefore I would intrcat yourmajelfy,
to detain two of the amballador's fervants, who,
within three days, fets out for Malacca, taking their
way not directly from hence, but by another port of
yours, where they arc to hire a bark for the ])urpofe,
bccaufo they mav be furc not to be intercepted ; and if
vour majefty arrefts them there, you m.iy be privy to
j'omeoftlicirplotsanddcfigns." "Well, faid the king,
let me know of their departure from hence, and then
you (hall fee what I will do for you." The admiral
took his leave very well pleafed ; and having learned
the fecret from the hen-merchant, apprirciTthc king
of it. The time being come that the ambafl'ador's
two fervants were to depart with the draughts, and
their mafter's letters, they went to a port about
twentv-five leagues from Achin, where, having agreed
for tlieir paflagc, they embarked ; but as they were
going over the bar, a mile from the city, a frigate
went after them, and caufc their bark to lower their
fails, that the Juftice might fee their lading; as
foon as he got on board, perceiving the two Por-
tugucfe, he alked them whence tbcy came, and
whither they were going ? They anfwercd, they came
from ^chin, and belonged to the Portuguele am-
baflii'ior. *' But, faid tne Juftice, you have robbed
your maftcr, and run away like thieves with his
goods, therefore I will fend you back to him, to
anfwcr for vourfelves." In the hafte of fearching them,
they loft their draughts and letters ; their trunks were
alio broke open ; and they fent bound to Achin, to be
delivered to the ambaflador, in cafe they belonged to
him. The admiral had fome intelligence of what
had pafTcd, and the next time he went to the court,
the king called to him, and faidj «' Now, what fay

you? Are you contented)" the admiral mVic hlnl
obeifancr, and gave him hearty thanks tor his cle-
mency, .iiul kinilncfi towards him. After fome other
difcourii', the admiial departed i mcinwhile, the
Indian came daily to fell hii hens ; and, as the
admiral fufpeilcd, and he himfelf afterwaids confelled,
not without his mailer's confent. Hy this lime the
lummer was paft, and September come, thefi-afoiiin
which the admiral meant to go to fea, in oider to
fupply his necefliiies. And now fell out the
greatcll crofs of all to his defigns. The amballluloi
himfelf had obtained his difpatcli from the kii:^; in lie
gone J wliich the .-idmiral being apprifcd of, went to
court, and cimiing where the king was feated to vu w
the fports that weie made for his divcrfion, he lent his
interpreter to defirethe honour of an auditnie. The
king immediately called for him, and demanded his
errand. " It has pleafed your highncfs, faid the admi-
ral, to do mc many favours, and therefore 1 am
emboldened to requeft one kindncfs more at your
majedy's hand." "What is that, faid the kinglmiling,
are there more Portugucfe going to Malacca to hinder
your meafure ? yes, laid the .iiliniral, the ambaflador
nimfelf, (as I am informed) hath your majeity's
difpatch to be gone at his picafurc ; and is determined
to depart within live days, "And what would you
have me do, faid the king ?" " (Jnly to detain him ten
days, replied the admiral, till 1 am gone with my
fhips." " Well litid the king, and laughed, you mult
bring me a fair Portuguele maiden when you re-
turn, and then I fhall be pleafed." With thii
aiifwer, the admiral took his leave, and made all llic
hafte he could to be gone ; leaving the merchnnts
i:nder the king's proteftion till he returned, with
directions, in the mean time to levy what pepper they
could, to help out the Alcenfion, which was more
than three quarters laden : yet lie would not leave her
tiehind htm, riding in the port, but took her with
him ; for he rode but in an open place. 1'hrcc fhips
being ready, a captain of a Dutch (hip, who was iii
the ro.id, defircd he might bear the admii.il company,
and take part in this adventure. His Iliip -^as about
200 tons ; but he had as little money to buy commo-
dities as the Knglilh : and thcr>forc was glad of a
p, accepting of an eighth of what (hould be taken,
wliicli was ofi^ered him. The admiral having taken
lis leave of the king, and prefcnted to him Meflrs.
Starkey and Styles, two of the chief merchants,
left behind to provide pepper during the cruife, his
majefty gr.icioully took them into his prottiition j
after which, on the nth of September, the (hips fct
fail towards the Streights of Malacca.

But now we muft relate in what manner the -., , „- .
king dealt with the ambaflador of Portugal, he being jcumej.
very eager to be gone. After tlieir departure, he
every day urged to have his difpatch granted : but
ftill upon one occafion or another, his paflport was
delayed. At length, (twenty-four days after the
admiral's putting to fea) the king faid to him, "1
wonder you are fo hafty to be gone, feeing the
Englifh ambalTador is at fea with his (hip P he is
ttronger than you j and if he (hould meet you, may
do you a mifchief." " I value him not, replied the
amiiaflador, for my frigate is fo nimble with fail and
oars, thit if 1 have but her length before him, I will
defy all his force." " Well, (laid the king) I am the
more willing you (hould depart, fince I fee you
confident of your fafcty : whereupon he had his dif-
patch to be gone. Ttiis delay proved very Ibrvicc-
ablc to the £ngli(h : for if the ambaflador had left
Achin earlier, all (hips would have had .idvicc of
them, by frigates fent from Malacca ; but as the in-
telligence was ftopped, they lay within twenty-five
leagues of that city itfcif, without the roattcr being
known.

On the 3d of OiSober, lying off and on in the
Streights of Malacca, the Heilor faw a fail, and
calling to the reft of the (hips, they all dcfcrietl her.
It being towards night, direction was given to fpread
a mile and a half (rom each other, that (he might

nvt

A flili

to G U f 1< E A AND THE EAST INDIES,

"^ Tl,c tmllTKlor

iifll pifit thorn in the ilark. 'f lie Ihip fell with the
Hri'.lnr, whii h huiliJ hir, ami llinl titF two iii thric
fi'ciA of orjn.uiic. I his nuinj; the rill (it thi-
illipn notii.c, ihcy .ill drew .iIhuiI hii, ami l)ci;.iii the
attack with llini t;r(at (hut, wliicli (lie ritiiiiied.
liut whin the ailiiiiialS llii|) came tip, he fitcil fix
giiiH tn;>ether out ol his prow ) aiiJ tlieii licr iiiitin-
yard hi! down. Altcrthat, there « as iii) more tiring
on tilhir fiilei the admiral bcinu; fearful of (ink-
ing her by a (lint between wind and water. Al bie.ik
ot (lav, the capt.iin with foine (if the reft •■nteriiiQ
A (lui. t.il.ui tlKir iMWt, Captain Middtetoii in the llea.ir, which
was next her, c.illeJ them tu him, and then brnught
them onbdanl the admiral, to whom they furrcndcred
their (liip and goods. Alter this, he caufed nil the
chief iiicii ill iheir prize, to be dilliibutcd on board
his (hips, and placed on board her four of hi« own
men -, who fullered none die to cntqr the veflel, for
fear (.f pillaging : bccaiifc they were to anlwcr for
whatever (JiouKl be niilTing, out of their wages and
Ihares j for the (hip was unladen foUly by its own
boatfw ain and mariners, w ithout any afTiftamc from
the Kiiglifti ; only they received tneir goods into
their boats, and carried them on board fuch (hips, as
the adniral appuiiitid. Ity this order, lifling and
pil!a"''ng was wholly prevented, which otherwifc,
could h .dly have been avoided. In five or fix days,
they linloadej 950 packs of calico, and other
niei'chandifes, ihc had in herlikcwil'e much
rice and other gocxls, of which however the
Knglidi made "finall account. After this, a ({orin
iiri(ing, they fet all her men on board i and then left
her riding at anchor. 'I'his (hip came from a place
called St. Thomas, in the bay of Uciigal, and was
bound for M.ilacca. When they intercepted her,
above 6co pel fons, men, women and children, were
on board i her burthen being goo tons. The admi-
ral would never go on biiaid her, that he might give
jio fufpicion, cither to the mariners prefent, or the
merchants at London, of iliflioneft dealing, to fcrvc
his own intere(f. The admiral was very glad of this
lucky eircumllancc which fiipplied all his oecafions,
and enabled him to load as many more (liips, if he had
them i fo that now he was at a lofs, not for money,
but for a place to leave the reft of the goods in fafety,
till the return of the (hips from Kngland. On the
21II of Oi^obcr, the admiral returned (or Achin.
By the way, a great water-fpout fell not far from the
admiral, and put them in great fear.

They caft anchor in the port of Achin, on the
a4th ot Ocitober, where the admiral went on (horc,
and found all the merchants in health j who greatly
Commended the entertainment they had received in
his abfencc from the king : therefore the admiral
by way of gratification, chole out fuch things from
among the prize-goods, as he thou,(;ht might be moft
to the king's liking, and prefented them at his firli
going to court. The king receiving the prifcnt,
welcomed the admiral, and fecmed very joyful for the
good fucccfs he had againft the Portiiguefe : but jeft-
ingly (aid, he had forgot the mod important bufincft
he had rmueiUd at his hands, which was the fair
Portugue(c maiden. The admiral made anfwer, that
he met with none deferving o( the honour to be fo
prefented. The king fmiled, ami fiid, "If there be
any thing in my kini^dom, lliat may ploafure you, I
would be glad to gratify your good will." After this
the admiral commanded the merchants to put on
board the Afcenrion, all fuch pepper, cinnamon and
cloves, as they had bought in his abfcence ; which
was Icarccly the (hip's full lading : but at that time
4herc was no more to be had, nor that year to be
hoped for. he dclired them likewife to repair with
thi Ir things on board, being rrfolvcd to go for Ban-
tam in Java Major ) where he underllood he fliould
meet with both a good (ale tor his commodities, and
plenty of pepper, at a much more rcafonablc price
than at Achin. The admiral, before his departure,
went to court, to notify it, and h.id a long confer-
eiti;c with the king i who delivered him a Tetter for

the (piern, written in Arabic. They left Aelilii tfio
(itli 111 Niiveiiiber, being three (hips, the IJr.ij;(iii,
iiic Heiitiwi and the Afceiili'in. '1 hey kept company
iwo il.iy> J and then the admiral difpatchcd his letters
fur l',ii;.|,iiul, by the Alccnfioii : (he Iteering her
eouile ni.\ards the Cape ot Uixid Hope, and tlv y
along Sumatra, tor llantaiii, to fee if they could
meet with the Sufaii, which had urders to lade at
I'rianian. In tlieir way, they fell amon.:; foii'L-
Iflaii.ls in the Might, woiidtrinj; when the day ap-
proached, ^ how they got (hither without (eeiii^
them. They were near the (horc and all low i
the lea alio full uf Hats and Kicks, lo that thiy
were in great danger before they could get clear.
Keeping their couile, they pillbJ the line the thiul
timej and came to I'riaiii.ui on the 26th of No-
vember. Here thL .Sulaii had provided towards
their lading, aliout 000 bahars of pepper, and
(ixty-fix of cloves. Their pep|)er indeed colt them
lets than at Aehin j bur none grows ubout this
port, on liic contrary, all is brought from a place
eight or ten league off in the country. This
place, (I'riaman) produces no other coniniudiiie«i
only there was good (lore of gold dull, and (mall
grains ; which they wafli out of the faiids of the
rivers; after the gieat floods, that fall from the
mountains, fiom whence it is brought. It is a
good place for relrelhing, and quite healthful^
the air being very good, thongh it lies within fifteen
minutes ot the line. Having taken in provilions,
the admiral ordered the captain of Sufan, to haften
her lading with pepper, and fo to depart for England.
After which, on the 4th of December, he Ihaped his
couife towards Bantam. On the 15th, they entered
the Streightsof Sunda, and came to anchor under an
ifland, three leagues from that city, called Pulo
Panfa. Next morning, they entered the road of
Bantam, and (hot oft' fuch a peal of ordnance, as hat!
never been heard there before. On the 17th, the
aiimiral fent Captain Middleton on (horr, to let the
king know that he was fent by the queen of England,
and had both a niciragc and a letter from her,-
requiring his niajefty's I'afe conduit and warrant to
land, in order to deliver the fame. The king an-
fwcred, that he was very glad of his coming, and
fent a nobleman back with the captain to welcome
the admiral, and accompany him to fliorc, Being
arrived at court, he found the king, (who was a child
of ten or eleven years of age) fitting in a round houfc
with fixtccn or eighteen noblemen about him, in
tome kind of ftate. The king welcomed him, and
after Come dilcourfc about his mefl'age,' delivered the
queen's letter into the king's hand, with a prefent of
plate and fome other things ; which the king received
with a fmiling countenance, and referred the admiral
(for further conference) to one Of his nobles^ who
was then proteiilor. After talking an hour and a
half upon ditFercnt matters, that nobleman receivctt
the admiral and all his company, under the king''*
protciSlion 1 inviting him to land, where he might
buy and fell without any moleftation, alTaring him
that he (hould be as fale as if he were in his own
country, and this all the reft of the nobles confirmed.
The king, having given the admiral leave to thulc
a houfe wheic-evcr he thought (it, that was his next
care; fo within two days, the merchants brought
goods on ftjorc, and began to fell ; but one of the
king's nobles coming to inform the admiral, that it
was the cuftom of the king, to furnilh himfcif be-
fore his liibjeiSs. The admiral was contented, hav-
ing been apprifcd, that he would give a rcafonablc
price, and pay very well. The king being ferved, the
merchants went forward in the falcs ; (b that in five
weeks time, they fold more goods than would pay for
the lading of both the fliips. They brought Crom
thence 276 bags of pepper, each containing 6alb.
which coft five rials and half an eight, befides an-
choracc and the king's cuftom. The anchorage for
both mips coft, by agreement made with the Shah
Bandar, or governor of the city) i joo rials of eitht^

l'r>?

35'

lu..!

V o Y A <; F. s () K I n i: k i.

I. i

til'.' fiiiKim wji nnt i\:A <•( i-\'^\\t, >ij)'.ii mry
I'll. V tr.uK'tJ vrry j-lOliIiIv, iilihoii/li ilu J.i

niiy III ihc wurlil. Ilul lln. <

I, »h\:f hv h 111 ri'-

ci'iviil fome ImIuIh, w,i< ;uiiI> iifid hy tin' kin^ (<>
' fi' in the iii;lii ; I"

; wlUKVci .I'-' till* .11)1. u

t 1.

lliiilJttiT (uur orfivi; hr.J iIukIhvii ni.idc cx;iii.|ili.-. of,
Ih.y livkJ III iiilir.ililc (.i.icij a;,J iiiiiitiKh, yi.t k-ii
liiiii.iMy ki'i't t.uliil V Jt' h (iiry iii^lit.

A* (.111 .'s tlay !• Ml ;!it ihili P' ^ji-r, ihcy fnt it
ci|ibiMiJ( III lh.it 0,1 lii.' litli ol I'lbrii.iiy, |6\.J 4.
Tliiii lhip\ «iTC I'l'i'ijilciily l.^lon, iiiid rcmlv t

i.iir.

Dii', ill 1I1.

L'lirt.iiii Miil.ilui'ii 1.1

til.- llcaiir, I. II I'l

/'uviii liy till.' ii>l .ili:il, f.'.

t WMS 11 rul.

Mil ll.C

> ivii:'..'

tll.lC kvllll

1.1. II ui° ihc vi<.v'.
tiij iKI not li^ uik:

liiinlVlt' W.I
■•(It ivi

tif llu
Ivaid, biiKiilebotli

i(h.

\\v

»iit Ir.'in lli.ir ili.ii^i'.

TIk'

,il li.-.iri

>( lii« (i.kiu

wuu to \i

lit lii

:illd

li'und liiiii uc.iLci th.iii lie liinir. Ii pLriclvnl. I'li;

liii I

K ill i!k'I^' !.'<t countries, h.iJ Uught
iiiid ii> it h ipinnrd witli c'ptnin MiJillctoi^ who,

f\jiiiii.ii.-

t.Mil:

;h he

lli.ii wnlkli

Iv.'o o'ti.ii k till' I.c^t niorniii)

I il\ iii;^ i|iiiikly t.

mid

lend

down, (iK-.l at

aU.iiit 41J tuns, (wh.. 1. lie h:".d) to be l.ulci

iiditiii;il fe-
ll p.iiiiace ol
1 wiih coin-

oditii

iind

iiri. Iiiii!^

;tii I Icllle .1 t'.i^iiry

l^nt he I in i!i^- M.

lit ih

111.

.Jipillp' t'Ut o

f K
H

e return ').
Aui. Ut ,i!!o Iftt K

nun, wall piopcr
1. 1., lo tr.iil.. till rc',
the ii.xt

ce hu'i'is 111 H.Mii.nii, app.iiiitiii;.

111.

men, nil

Mr, Willi ;in ^iiiikiy, to Ml (iKliti

ll ul

lies a< wei\ l^l't biliiiul, iir.d provide loiliriny for ill'.-
Jliifis aj;,iiii(l lleir m \t i.tiiiii. CJoiiig tofoiiil to
t..Lc> his h .ov ol 11. kini;, licr^ieivcd a Utter and
pirfint lor ih;: i]iicrii, ol' f mic ILzoar flones, « iiich
were Miy fine : and lor Irii.lVl; a very fine J.iva ila^;-
j.'i r, in niiieh elKein there, hilldes a j'.ooil iJe/.o ir Hone,
with fomc ctlir things, and then was difii.illed in a
\eiy 1i.ii:ilf.'iiie maiiii' r.

" On the .^vth ot Keii: ii.i'v, f. ys tlu .uithor, thiy
Went on board and fifLd tli-ir ^uhSjiukI let Tail /or l.ii;;-
l.uid. The 2zJ and 2;jl, they \\ ere in the (trii.;lus
o( Sunila; and on the 26th f.oi clear of the ille*
there nnd ihc hind, ''olJiiif; thiir coiirle fuuih-WilJ,
fo that t!ie 281!, tlv y wi le in ci^ht degrees tour
iiiiiuitcs foiitli. Un S'.iiidny tiic 1 5th of Mareli they
jiallVd the tiojjic of Caprieorn, tluir courfe niolHy

Ihe fame, \\ ith a brifk pale at foutii-iall. On the 14th
of Ajiiil they were in 34 degms, judging .Vladagaf-
e.ir t.j be norih of ihiiti, Tlie 2bili they iiad a very
violent (lorni, uhieh fi reed tlieni Intake in all their
fail-, .ind cojitiiuud a day and a iiii;ht, with an ex-
I'crdini; jreat and ra.'.in^ fea ; fo th.it it (eenied fearcc
ji.illible for a fli.; to live in it. However, they wea-
iheied it, and made a (liift to repair all the d.iniages
tliev h..d rereiicd ; but iheir (liip proved leaky all the
\ ..yi^c al'iiT. liy tin. 2d of M.iy they had another grcit
ftorni, which continikd all night, the fea beating fo
violent!), on the l)r.',»on's quarter, that it Ihook the
iron-w.irk of her rudder, ivhiJi next morning broke
i.iit^' otf fioi'.i t!ic Hern of the niiji, and funk : this
li.'.ick a fe.".r into the la.uts of all the inen j the befl
iiiid nioft e\;uri,;u' .1 of tlum, not knowing what to
do, and ifpeei illy, feeing iheiiifelvcs in fucliafweli-
i 11" ft a, and in fo (Krniv a place, (that the author
thinks there aie few wovfe in the world.) Now the
fl.ip ilr.ncup and d'.wn in ihcfea likea wreck, which-
ever way the wind c:irriicl her ; fo th.Tt fometimes flic
w as u illiin three or l-^iir Icii^ues of the Cape of CJood

■ " Riglit WDin.'i.f'.d.
o What I.mh p.ilVtil iji tl.Is vov^ec, .ir<l wl.at rrii.'..s I liavc
<* (ciikil for tlii^ conipai.'. . ant! what other evciit\ have hcfallcn
•• ur, \ru fliall iindcrllaiul !iy the hcaicr hereof, tt>\ihoni, (as
** uccal'on nirv l.apper. ) 1 nii.fl icfci vou. 1 uill ilnvc v^itli all
o i.ili^cr.cc u* f.ivc in, (Iiip, and licr '.jood!., as ) ou iiiav pti-
** ceivc hv the cui'ifi; 1 lake i- \.;nturirj^ my life, anti iliofc tliat
•' «fe with mc. I Lannoi tell w here you fliould look for me, if

11.

,ind till

III was diiviK by a ronlr.iry wii..!, 'O

■ liiiotl .(. d. „re.s fouthward, 11. to ili<f huil .md mow

Thi.

iio.lhir (ireat mipfuri iir, the cold

tlier piiiihiii,' th.iiiixiiedin.'ly, In that li.eir c.il. viu»
viryd.plor.,i,|, .11 I dil.Kia.w \vt all ihi.. ulule tlii!
Ilieloi ii.diilliioully 1 pt them company, \vl

was n loii.lnrt lo ihiiii, and foniill

ii.es th" iii.i

of liir, i.inie on board the 1)' ^011, — At lall
it WIS i..iHliid. d to put hir ini/ui null out at the
II. in pi.il, to I.J if ihiy loul.l ll u ilii lliip int.. Lint
pl.iie uliere liny ii.iulit ni..ke anotlur tinhhr i hut thu

ileviei' wa, to *. 1
litl.

(''v I a K

y litil' piiip

.1., 'f.-r \,

Ih. V l< iJ

..wii 1 ah 1. 1 III

ip the iiiall} 11 fo inuih flu., k the I!, rn, and 1 ut .ill ui

luili d.;ir;er, lh.it' they 111. ide whiit liille

lid t.l

I'.et i; iiii.i the (liip .I'^aiM, iiid w.ie viry f;l,i I ulieii
Ih. \ h.id bioujiht It iih'iut. 'I'hiy v.rre now (uifiblc,
th.it uiiKfs lluy eoiild iii.ike a tr w iiidder, iiiid h.iiijj
'.of. Ie..s i hi.l how lo p.ri.,rin
(iiip b'ln,; of ^ or Hco I'.ii',

it, tluy mull pelilli in ll.of. |e.,s ; but

it uas ill.- dillu iiltv,
..lu! in f.i .1.1111,1 r.
eoniii.lliii

part of 111.' oe.an I yet luitliily
J tiuin to try means, the .idinir.i'l oidem! iho
.aip ni.r to ii;.ike on.' out of ilie nii/en-m.ill ; but
thu obll'Je ar.,l'e, th.il with their rudder t.ijf
lolf moll ef the irons which lalliiiid it, yi t tluy «int
r I, .Hid one of the men dived to fe.1rehul1.1t
only iv.o wlioir, ami a
and .
and pioL. . iKd

ii.ii.s r.niaiiie.!, but he l.iiiii.l

broken on

I|...V(v.r, the ru. 1. 1.1 Ivii." (iniihe.l,

hiu'iii:' a fii.- d.ny, th. y fallctitd it .

..n then wa

,v.ird> ; bul within tlir.e or l.iur

!tir, the (,..1 to./k It cir

,aiu, an. I tliey liaJ
iiiiuh trouble I.) fue it, with tlu lol< of aoolherof
lliiir iioiis i fo that now they li.id liil two to ban;, it
by, and the 11X11 f;rew d.lirous to i]iiii tin- (In p, ami ^a
.11 board the ll...:ior : this the aiiinii il .ippoled, f;iy-
iiiL', hedel'paiad not to f.ve the (hip and the iiooiM,
as will a» then felvi'., by (Jiie nuaiis or oiber. On
that he went into the cabin, and wiotc a litter fir
Klif.land, lo f.n.l it l.y 'l.r HeCl.ir,* wlii'-h heoiiL'iid to
.1. p.irt ..ii.l Ii..vi' him ili.ie, will... 11' hiiin^oiiL' of ihc
eompany kn.iv.' of it. The liitci b. iii;;il. livcred, the
.idiiiiial expi'cl. d the lltilor would h.ive left liiiii ii»
ihc iii;'ht ; but Iccin.^ il.c Oiip in the 11101 niii;;,

he fa;d, I lule men rej'aid no lon.inands. i.iie

llill k()it two or thiic Ir.iMues from tluni; lor the
ni.ilhr, who w.is an hoiulf i^ood nun, Ime.l the a.l-
iniiai well, ..ml was very loifi to have him in f.i fifw-at
diltrefs, ^it feeinu; it now was necill'iry they fliouM
exirt thenililves, the carpenter mmle the rud.ler .again
f.ilinnly, that they b, jiii to be in hopes of getting at
length into I. line p.irt of rcliif. Now they had been
driven lip and down in ilul'e gieat le.is, ami endured
many more lforrri<^^ than are hcie nientioiud, fumetimes
lor one whole month lojjctlier, fo that the men began
to fall litk and dillafe.l : the wind alio fell fo lew
that they could fetch no part of the cuaft of Africa.
Knowini; therefore, tint they li.id doubled the Cape
of Good Hope, by the lici;;ht they were in to the
northward, they failed dirciitly to the idand of St.
Helena. In their pafljj.e the main-yard fell, and
ftruck one of their men into the (ea, who wa«
ilrowncd. 'Ibis was an unlucky accident. On the
5th of June, thi y pallid the tropic of Capricorn j
and the 16th in the morning had fi^ht cf St. Helen...
They bore aloiij; the fhoic to get tHe beft of the ro.id,
and cafl anchor in 12 fathoms water, right agaiiill a
fmall channel, which the Portuguefe had built long
before, (ioing on (hore, they found, by many wri-
tings, that the caracks h.id de]iartcd but tight davs he-
fore. Here ihey found good refreshment of water, and

wild

" you fend out anv pinnace to feek me, l^caufe I live at the Je*-
" votton of ihe win. lb and fcas, nli.l thus fate you well. .Kliiitiir
" ChI to fen.l us a mcrrv tiiceiiiiL^ in this woi IJ, if it Ih; Ids >£.>i>ii
** will an.l picafure. 'I'he pallagc to ilic F.aif In.lies in 61 dcg,
" anil 1 lull, hy ih: nonl.weii on iI.c Ameiican liilc.
" Vuur lovinj; liicn.l,

" jAMts Lancaster."

r ' '

I 1. • ■ ■ ■ .. ...15

to GUINEA AND THE EAST INDIES.

w!IJ gnalt, but they arc hiirti to come ut, witlimit
gixHl Jirii'liDiin for the piirpolc, 'I he ttiuili' tin
iHlniirul tunic w.ii thi*, he iippoiiited lour of thv kit
fliot's-riii'ii he h.iil t<i;;() intu the niiilille ol ihc ilUiiil,
With imir mrii t» uttciul on each, to carry the g<at>
that were killed to the rende/.vou^ i and twenty men
went every day to I'eti h them to the Ihipii, takin;; care
nut to make any fort of nuil'e, that ml|;hl lri|>lit
the anIniaK ; and by thelv meaim the lllipi were plui-
Jil'ully fupplicd. While they (laid there they put
thiir Ihip'i inonler, and Iciirclied their rudder, which
they hoped would lad ilicin home. All thv ikk men
rc.-civered their health, by ictreflling with (;n.iis and
h'i:;'!i fli(h, which they had great iieid ol ; (or they
fiw no land during! three months, hut were contimi-
ally beating the lea.— I'he Jth of July they fet (ail
from this illand, liccring north-wcfl, and on the i (ih
pafled hy the ifland called The Alceiifion, in tinhtde-
gires. No (hips touched there, it bciiiL quite bai red,
*nd without water, only it had goud itore of filh

about it. hiu

dfp feJ, .nnd III ridlnp; for fliip*.
I'toMi hence lluy hild the ir courCe in tin: (anie ilirci

fp (e.i

iildthd
lion, the wind bein;^ Couth and (niith cnlf, till ilij
li;lh, .uidlh.ii palled the Line. On lhe]^lhth>y
were in lix d. ;,ree^ iioilh, and hy ellim.ition 1 5'i
Icijines Irom thecoall ot (iiiineai then bearing away
noith-we(( hvnoilh, till the 2()lh, they ha.l li(;ht ol
the illaiul of I ue^ii. Merc they were iKcalniul for live-
days, llrivini; lo pal's to tlieealtward of it, butcouM
nol, (or the wim' ciianiiul, and c.inic iibmit north-
call, I'll they Hood will norih-wi ll. On the 7lh of
Auijull, i6oj, ihiy wire in I'l dej;r . *, »iul thi."
litn p.ilUd the Tr.ipic of Cancer, in i ) .U;;ree« and ;i
half, iiuldiii}; their courle northerly ; on the i(;tli Ihcy
palled the illand if St. Mary, the wiiu' fur, 'I'Ik'
:ih of Srptcnilur they lii:nin to (iiund, jud ;;iiin tin*
Land's t.iiil of |-.n(',land to be (oil) liaj;iii'. dif-
tant i and uii the iilh came well and fafc into the
Downii.

THE VOYAGE OP CAPTAIN HENRY MIDDLETON, BEING THE
- SECOND EQUIPPED BY THE EAST INDIA COMPANY.

THIS voviige wai performed by Captain Henry
Middletun, in the Ked Dragon, admiral ; the
Hc6lor, Captain SuHlet, vice-admirul ) the Afceii-
fion. Captain Colthurif, and the Sulan, (the cap-
tain's name unknown) which was Ki(t on Iter re-
turn.

Having taken leave of the company, the (hips de-
parted from Uravcfcnd the 25th of March, 1604,
and about the joth of December fullowing, after va-
rious accidents, arrived (the men being very weak)
in Bantam road. There palled many colnpliment^
between them and the Hollanders, who falutcd each
other with their great guns ; and the la(l day of the
year, the admiral of tf .- Dutch dined on board the
Dragon. 'I'he following day the F.nglifh admiral
went on flinrc with a letter and a prel'ent from the
king of England, to the king of llantani, which
were with great ceremony received by that young
monarch, wliowas but 1;^ years of age, and governed
by a protei5lor. 'J'he i6ih of December, the admiral
came on hoard from Bantam, to proceed on his voyage
tor the Moluccas, ordering Mr. SufHct to go home
in the Heflor. The yih of January following,
they anchored under the (hnre of Vcranula. The
people here bear a deadly hatred to the Portugucfe,
and therefore had fent to the Hollanders for aid, pro-
mifing to become their fubjcc5ts, if they expelled
them. In fliort, the latter preparing to nrt'ault
thccaAle of Amboyna, (ummoned the I'orluguefc in
the prince of Orange's name, to deliver it that day
by two o'clock, which they rcfurcd : yet in the end,
after many attii-.ki, i: was furrcndered to them by
compontion : after which, the governor of the town,
by order of the Dutch, debarred the Englifh from
tr,iding there. 'I'lie war continuing between the
Ternatins and Tydorians, the ("ir(l were a(ri(lcd by
the Dutch, the latter hy the Portugucfe. Soon af-
ter, the Knglifli being under the iiland of Tydorc,
difcoyarcd two galleys of Te<-nate, between Pulo Co-
iially and Tydorc, in full fail between them, wav-
ing with a white H\g, that they might (Irike and
ftay for thepi. At the fame time, feven galleys of
Tydorc came rowing between them and the ftiorc, to
aflault the Ternatans. 'fhe ailmiral feeing the dan-
ger they were in, lay by the lee, to know what the
matter wtis. In the foremolt of thofe galley; was
the king of Ternate, with many of his nobles, »nd
three Dutch mercbaM^ whB^being in great («»r, im-

Voi.. I. N" 3U. '-''ti':

^r»*». **

■* .'td>.-">''.-

■ J.lik..:.

plorcd ilie.iilmiral, for (lod's fake, to lave thini, and
the other galley, wheiein was (everal lliill.iiideis,
from the 'I'ydorians, from whom they expected no
mercy, if they were taken. (Jn this the admi-
ral ordered his gunner to flioot at the Tyilore g.illeys i
yet they di (illed not, but boarded the laltei within
gua-diot of the Englidi, and put all in her lo the
(word, except three who Caved theiiid Kcs hy Iwini-
niing, and \«an| taken up by the EnglKh boats. The
admiral being deterniineil to go for Tydorc, the Dutch
intreated that he would not let the king of Icrnaieaiul
them fall into their enemies hands, from wliuni he
had fo lately delivered themj proniiling, in return, valt
quantities of cloves, and other commodities of I'lr-
nate and Maken ; but they did not keep their pro-
mile.

On the king of Tcrnatc's going on hoard the Dr.l-
"on, he trembled for fear ; this the admiral fuppo-
(ing to be the cITed of cold, put a black damalk
laced with gold, and lined with unfliorn velvet on his
back, which, at his departure, he had not the man-
ners to reftore, but kepi it as his own. The admiral
arriving at the Portugucfe town in Tydorc, the go-
vernor of the fort fent one Thomas Je Torres and
others, with a letter, intimating that the king of
Ternate, and the Hollanders, reported, that there
was nothing but treafon and villainy to he expected at
the hands of the Englifh ; but that, for his part, hi:
cnncLiveil a better opinion of them, believing tholo
fuggcftioni to be nothing but malice. Whnt run-
tirmcd this, not longaftcr, was, the arlnnral being at ths:
king's town, fent Mr. (Jrave on board the Dutch ad-
miral, who gave him but a cool ieccp:ion, and charged
theEnglilh with having aflilKd tin.- Poriugueib in Ihe
lad wars againrt the king of Ternaie and -them, with
ordnance and other ammunition. This the admiral
refuted by the teftimony of foine Portugucfe, who
were taken prifonejs by them in that a'cf ion ; and
then being alhamed of the (lander, the Dutchman af-
firmed, he had it fiom a rencgado Ouzarat, but dij
not think it to be true. To complete their Ingrati-
tude, not long after, the king of Teinate fccming to
affeift the Knglilh nation, the Dutch threatened him,
that they would forfake him, and join with his mortal
enemy the king pf Tydorc, if he liiffcred the Enn-
lifh either to have a failory, or any trade with his
fuI»jeas:.«W(twrtiilg,.tli»t they were thieves and rob-
b*8 1 •WH* 1^ 'woiJld- find them to be fuch, ajji'

■J,,;.'

»> ,

»,^^V>»^*

\\\

I I

• -J*-.

3S+

VOYAGES OF THE ENOLlStt

1604

that the king of Hullnnd was ftrongcr by fea than
all Europe befides ; with many I'uch opprobrious
fpeechcs againft the,Englifti, and all other chrittian
princes. To which infolcnt fpeechcs the admiral
replied, " That what Hollander foever had reported
them, lied like a villian, and that he would make his
aflcrtion good againlt any one who fliould give out
fucU a report : affirming, that if the queen of Eng-
land had not taken pity on thcrti, they had bct-n
utterly ruined by the king of Spain, and branded for
flavcs and traitors." The following arc the letters fent
bv the kingsof Eaft India to King James of England ;
which arc the moil remarkable circumftances in this

I. The King cf Tcrnatc's Letter to the King of
England.

" I HAVE heard of your niajcfty's fame, by
fhat great captain. Sir Krancis Drake, who came in
the time of my father, about thir'y years ago; by
which captain, my prcdecc(i')r fent a ring to the
queen of England, as a token of remembrance : if
the aforefaid Drake had been living, he could have
informed your majefty of the great love and friend-
ship between us, he adling in behalf of the queen,
my father for himfelf and his fuccflbrs, and ever
fincc that captain's departure, we daily expedled his
return, my father living many years after; and I,
after his death, living in the fame hope, till 1
was father of eleven children. In this time 1 have
been informed, that the Englifli were men of a bad
difpofition ; and that they came not as peaceable
merchants, but to difpoflcfi us of our kingdom :
which, by the coming of the bearer hereof, we have
found to be falfe ; a thing wc greatly rejoiced at.
And after many years expeilaiion of fomc Englilh
forces, according to the promife of Captain Drake;
here arrived cert.;!n (hips, which we hoped had been
Englifli ; but finding them of another nation, and
being out of all hope of fuccour from the Englifli,
wc wer" conftraincd to write to the priaee "f Holland,
to crave aid and alHftanccagainft our ancient enemies,
the Portuguefe ; and according to our rcqueft; he hath
fent hither his force, which have expelled the Portu-
guefe out of all the forts they held at Amboyna and
'I'ydorc. Inafmuch, as your majefty h.is fent ine a
moft kind and friendly letter by your (ervanr. Captain
Henry Middleton, the la.iic doth not a little rejoice
us. And whereas Captain Henry Middleton was
defirous to leave a fadlory here, we were ver-
inclinable thereunto. This the captain of the
Hollanders underftanding, he came to challenge me
with a former promife, which I h.id written to the
prince of Holland, that if he would fend me fuch
fuccours, as fliould expel the Portuguefe out of thofe
part^, no other nation fliould trade there but they :
fo that we were compelled againft our liking, to yield
to the Holland captain's rcqueft for that time, for

which wc crave pardon of your highncfs, pronii.ing,
that if any of your nation repair hither in time
to come, they ftiall be welcome ; and alihouj^h the
chief captain of the Hollanders doth folicit us not to
hold any friendfliip with your nation, or give ear to
your highnefs's letters; yet, for all their ftlit, il vou
pleate to fend here again, you fliall be welcome. And
in tokcnof our friendfliip', (and that) which we di lire
of your majefty, we have fent you a fmall prcftnt, a
bahar of cloves, our country being poor, and yield-
ing no other commodity, which we pray your high-
ncls to receive in good part.

TERNATE."

1. The King of TyJorc's Letter to the King of
England.

" THIS writing of the king cf Tydore to the
king of England, is to let yiur highnels undeiftand,
that the king of Holland hath fent into thefe parts, a
fleet ol ftiips, to join with our ancient enemy the
king of Ternatc, and they jointly together, have
over-run and f'poiled part of our country, and deter-
mined to deftroy both us and our fubjeds. Now
underftanding by the bearer hereof. Captain Henry
Middleton, that your highncfs is in friendfliip with
the king of Spain, we dcfire your majefty that you
would take pity on us, that wc may not be deftroycd
by the kings of Holland and TernStc ; to whom we
have offered no wrong, although by forcible means,
tlKv ft ek to deprive us of our kingdom. And as great
kings upon earth are ordained by Ciod to fuccour all
thole wiio are wrongfully opprelfed ; fo 1 iipply unto
your majelly for afliftance againft my enemies ; not
doubting but to find relief at your majefty's hands :
and in cafe your majefty do fend hither, I humbly
intreat it may be Ci^itain Henry Middleton, or his
brother, with whom I am well acquainted. God
eiilar'»e your kingdoms, and blefs you and your coun-
cils. I'YDURE."

3. The King of Bantam's Letter to the King of
England.

" A LETTER given by your friend, the king
of Bantam, to the king of England, Scotland,
E .tnce, and Ireland, defiring God to prefervc your
healtli, and to exalt you more ami more, and
all your council, and whereas your majefty has
fent a general, Henry Middlr ton, he came to me in
health, I did hear that your r.iajefty was come to the
crown of England, which doth greatly rejoice my
heart : now England and Bantam are both one. J
have alfo received a prefent from your majefty ; the
which I give you manv thanks for. I do fend your
majefty two bezoar ftoncs, the one weighinn; fourteen
matles, the other three j and God have you in his
keeping. BANTAM."

And after receiving thefc letters, the fliipsdepa.ted
for England.

THE VOYAGE of SIR EDWARD MICHELBURNE to

BANTAM.

THIS voyage was perforincd with two (hips,
the Tvgcr, of 240 tons, and a pinnace called
the Tyger's'Whelp ; Sir Edward Miehelburne com-
manding the expedition. But though he belonged
to the Eaft India company, he did not undertake the
voyage on their account as we are informed in the
relation.

On the 5th of Deceml)er, 1604, fetting fail from
Cowes in the lllc of Wight, they came on the 13d,
to the R.o.id of Aratana, in tl.c Iflc of Tencriftc ; and

on the 14th of January, 1605, thry were troubled
with extreme heat, lightning, thunder and rain, all
night. They paftcd the line on the i6th, fliaping
their courfe fonth-fouth-wcft, for the Ille Loronnah,
with the wind at lbuth-(outh-eaft. Three degrees
foiithward of the line, thry found ama/ing ftinals
of fifli, and with their hooks, lines, and liaipini-
irons, took fo many dolphins, bonitos and otlii r Inii,
that the men could not tell what to do with tlicni.
They alio met with large (lights of (owl, though in

the

TO GUINEA AND THE EAST I N D 1 1. S.

:?5S

ilcd
all
iiig

III-
ifll,
cni.
Ii III
tlic

the mnin ocean, called peflioraboucs, and alcjtraz7.cs.
They caught f'ever.il of the lonnLT, which like to
repair to the (hips in the night, and will light upon a
perfon's hand. 'I'lic alcatraz/.c is a kind ot' hawk,
that lives by filhing, and preys on the flying-hfli,
which fomctimcs are fcen in fuch nui/lbcrs together,
that afar off they fcem like a j-reat flock of birds.

On the 22d, they anchored at the iflc of Loronnhn,
in four degrees fouih ; where going on (hore, their
flcift" was overfet, by the violent breakini;; of the lea ;
by which accident, Mr. Richard Micliulburnc, a
relation of the admiral's, was drowned. On the
25lh, their long-boat going to fill fome empty cafk';,
had the fame misfortune, and two more of the men
were drowned. It was very troublefome to get wood
and water here ; bccaufe thi- landin;; was (o d.iiigerous,
that they were forced to pull the calks on fiinre with
ropes, and fo back again when filled. Ihe com-
mander going on (hore to fue the irtand, on the aOtli,
found nothing but a wild country, inhabited only
by fix negros. It was formerly well lUickcd with
goats anuwild oxen -, but they have been dtftroycd
by the crows of the I'ortuguefe veflVIs, which waier
here, in their way to the Kaft Indies ; their fl.ives be-
ing left to kill and dry goats agaiiilt their coming:
fo that the Enghlh couhl find' but few. Tu'ile
doves, alcatrazzes, and other fowl, were plenty,
which they killed with their mufquets, and found to
be very good meat. Here is alfo abundance of
maiz, or Guinea wheat, and cotton-trees, with wild
gourds, and water-melons.

On the 13th, in the morning, they defcricd the
ifland, or rather rock, called Arcenli'iii, in eight
degrees thirty minutes fouth : aiidoiithe iltof Apiil,
law land, bearing fouth-fouth-eaft, though tluy
reckoned they were forty leagues diftant ; yet, ac-
cording to the variation of the conipafs, they were near
the land, thirty leagues before they faw it. On the
2d, they were almoit clofc to the fhore, ten or twelve
leagues to the northward of the bay of Saldanna;
and on the 3d, came to a little illaiid, which Captain
Davis took to be that lying five or fix Icigues from
Saldanna, On this the commander, defirous to
fee it, went thither in his fkiff, accompanied with
no more than the mailer's mate, the pu-^fur, the
author, and four men who rowed ; but wliile they
were on (hore, a ftorni arofe, which drove the fliip out
of fight for two days. Finding abundance of rabbits
and leals there, th''\ called it Coney Idaiid.

On the 8th, they anchored in the road of Sal-
danna, and went on Ihorc the next day. This
S»lJ.inna ilc- country is well (lored with neceflarics, it abounds
"' *■'■ with oxen anu Ihcep (which arc kept in great herd.«

and flocks, as in England) wild doer, antelopes,
baboons, foxes, and hares ; alfo with oftriches,
cranes, pelicans, herons, geefe, ducks, pheafants,
patridges, and divers other forts of excellent foAls.
It is moft plcafantly watered with wholefome fjjrings,
which defcending fryin the tops of very high
mounlainf, render the valley* very fruitful. Here is
a kind of tree, not much unlike the bay ; but of a
far harder fubllance, that grows clofc by the fea-fidc.
The natives brought them lo much cattle, that they
carried frefli beef and mutton to fea with them lor
a piece of an old iron hoop, not v.'orth two pence,
they bCLght a great fat bullock, and a flieep for two
or three horfe-nails, or a bit of iron. The people
who inhabit this fine country, are fome of the moft
favagc and bealily in the world. They go naked,
wearing only a flieep-lkin on their Ihoulders, and a
little fl.ip of (kin, which does not cover their naked-
ncfs. While the (hips continued here, they lived
upon the guts of the cattle, which the failors
threw away J but they drelTd them without clean-
ing or walhing them o( the filth j all they did was to
cover them over with hot aflu';, and before they were
warm through, they pulled them out, and after
(baking them a little in their hands, eat the ^uts,
excrements and allies, all together. "I'hey livcgene-
rally upon t»\y flclh, and a certain kind of root, which

is very plenty here. lly the good rcfuf^n.ei't !i,-i iCc^

they found on (hore (wluri. tluy continued fiom t!-.'. ' ,■— '

gill of April, to the 3d of M;iy} the failure, v.l-.o
had been weakened by the \oy.i;.;c, bet.ime as ht.ciM.y
and rtrong, as when they firlt put to fea. On the
7tli of May, they were ten leagues li.uth of the C.ipj
of O)od Hope; and in the iii;;ht pili'.J over il.c
(hoals of C.npe ties Agu;ll.if. On llie oth, tlv.io
aroll- a violent (form, which I.ilK-d forty-eight hoiir>.,
and feparatcd their piiuu'ii, ai conipaiiicd w iili r:iin,
lightning, i'nJ ibuiuhr, and olu-ii filin!^ the lli'p
with water. The l'ortii;:u'.fe c.illed th.i |d,.CL', tlie
Lion of the Sea, on accuunt of the extnnie fury of
thefe temped?, and the danger in iliuibliiis; the t ape.
On the 24th, being about ei^lit leagu 5 lu the fnith
of the Ifle de Diigo R;ii:', ul'.nli lies in r.in.tccin
degrees forty minutes fnuth l.itiiii.l ■, and niiuiy-eij'ht
degrees thirty minutes longituik- ;' tlr y |!i-p' f d
putting in there; but the wind iiicri.:ifiiig in tlu iii.:^',
they elianged their dilign. About this illand, tlicy
faw a great many while birds, having in their tails
only two long feather'. 'I'hefe birds, and leveral
others, accompanied them, wiili fiieh loiitr.iry win.h,
and \iuleiit gulls, as 1 It; 11 l,ilil tluir f.iils, whilll llio
(hip b'lultiiig til am! a^;iiii, r.itii- r wer.t to the l-i w.nrd
than advanced, the wind hluwiiig (Irong atea(l-!':.uth-
eaft. On the 3d of Jiiii", (hiiniiiig their couile l^r
the Ifland dc Ceriie, they defv;ried the Ifle de Ui'-uo
Ruiz again, and made to it, di.fi^'ning to have waited
therefor a good wind : but finding it lo be a J,iii;;ei-
ous place, on aeeount of the rocks and (hoals that
li'j about it, they d.iift not come to alienor, but pur-
lued tlieir courfe for India.

On the 19th, iliev drew near the ifie of Diego
Ctr.iciofa, wliich Hands in k\■el^ dejrrecs thirty
minutes, fouth Iritinule, iiiid in 110 digiees 40
minutes longitude, bv eumpul.uion. This lecmed to
be a very pleafant illand, and of good refrelliment, if
there be any good anchoring place j but the wind
being bad, and the tide forcing thcin to (hiire, they
durft not Hay to fearch futficiently. '('his illand is
about ten or twelve kaE;ucs Ijiiu;, abounding with
birds and lilh, and is entirely covered v.iiha wood of
cocoa-trees.

CJn the 2gth, theydefcried land, which they took
to be a clulter of iflands, locked in one, King under
the high land of Sumatra. Hire the fea trokewith
fuch violence upon the (Imre, that they duril not
laud, though the people made iiies along thi" cualt, as

they thought to invite tlieni. Tlnd'e ill.iiids lie

in two degrees north latitude. On the 25tb, they
came to an .anchor, by a little illand full of cocoa-
trees, which had very few nuts upon them, (:)me
however they got, but could find no water. Three
or four people appeared at a ditlance, who feenied to
have been left there to gather cocoas, and make them
ready againft others (hould come and letch them.
On the 2bth, they calt anchor within a h :wue id' a
great inhabited ifland, called Hata, in twent; minutes
fouth. It abounds with wonds and rivers j alio
with fidi, monkeys, and a kind of to\l, ! id lobe
that country bat. The author killed i iie of th.m that
was larger than a hare, and (liaped like a fv|i;:iiel ; IlurgSiiulrttl
only from each fide there hung a large (lap of (k::',
which in leaping from tree to tree, he would fpuad
like a pair of wings, as if he flew with iluni. They
arc very nimble, and will often leap from boii!;li to
bough, taking hold of nothing but their fails.
Here they built their (hallop, and for that reitfon they
called her the bat. On the 29th, tiie anther walk-
ing along the (hore, dileovcied a fiil under a little
ifland, about four leagues diHance, which he v^•as in
hopes was the pinnace, mcntitned before, to have
been feparatcd in a (lorm j but being ftnt next day by
the commander, along with Captain Davis, to fe-e
if it was fo, they found "hiei barl<s at anchor, whofe
men made figns to come ; > board, and t-, allure them,
faid they haef hens ; fome of them undeiftood I'oitu-
gucfc : but the Engli(h not being well provid. d,
anfwcred, that they would go and fetch money,

and

35(>

VOYAGES OF THE ENGLISH

I ()o6

aiiJ next moriiiiig return iiiiJ buy. Ai.c()rdingly
ihc iRxt ni'irning they JiJ return, better i|u;iliKcil to
t.ilk totliL'ui i but the others h.iil nut thought lit to
w.iit for thcni.

On the 4th of Auguft thi-y ftood for Priamnn ; and
en the f)lh tlic fliallop was niauncd, and lent along the
co.ill to lock for the pinnace ; and ili'vin^; abaik,gaee
Ikt cli.ice i but when the crew percuvLj they euuUl
ntd get away, they came to an anchor, and in a boat
dcaped to an ifland. As the vcflll was laden cnly
with coc'i.ij, oil, nuts, and the like, they loll
her, iiuagmiii^, the couimandcr would not have
been ple.ileil with io poor a prize. The loth and
1 Ith, the Ihall iji ll.iiiding dole along the main land,
they elpied eiglu praws, ready over-aj;ainil a place
called I'ico, wi'ii.. iliey made up to, in expectation
o{ fiudiiiij their pinnate .inK)n;'lt thiui ; but although
ihe was nut there, they were in fome hopes Hill, on
being inl'ormid, ii;at ihi.re was ail Kn^lilli Ihlp, at
1'riani.in, not „l.ove fix leagues oft'. XVith this in-
telligence they luilled on boaul the admiral, and ac-
quainted him th.it tiiey h-id not (ailed a league I'arthcr
before their (hip came on ground, on a rock of white
coral, but having a Itrong gale, tliey i" i> d her of}'
again, wiihout .iiiy hurt, and iliawiiig near . rock off
Priaman, t.lev tlilcovered their pimince, whole cap-
tain and niafler met them half a league Irom the ro.id
in their ik\lY. At their coming on board tl.e com-
mander welcomed them, with a peal of his great
guns, and luiving given each other an account of what
liad h:»p;H'neu, dui ing their abl'i.ncc, lliy c:imc loan
t'.nchor in live fathom water, very go,>J g;\,iinJ, in the
road of Priainan, \\liich (lands in 4^ minutes fouth
latitude.

On the i+ih the commander f>.nt the author on
fliore, with a prefent to the govi.inor, and others,
to fee what price pepper was at, to buy (re(h vic-
tuals, and to know whether th.ir men might land
with falety i but tlie governor duill not fpeak to him
pii\aiely, by rcal'on of the war then carried on, wliieh
niaJe tlieni jealous one of the otlicr. 'I he oecifion of
thcfc wars was this : 'I'lie king of Achin liaiiiig two
fon':, kept the elder at lion

Sc.cial vdTLls
li^en.

Silii..J[ road.

riiuJi

Jiiteiiding luni lor hi,-,
fuccill'or, ar.d made the veunger king of I'edir, but
the former being difTaiisticd at thi^, impril'oned hi>
father, alledgiiiJ, that be was too eld to guvern any
longer, and made war on his younger brother. The
llnglilh linding little gocd v\.'.s to be done in this
place, took in I'redi victuals, and di p.irted on the lift
for Bantam. 'J'he f.uiie day they look two prawj,
with only a liitle lice, which they ijuitted again ;
the fiilors (Viiiig fome leap o\er-bc .rd, and imagin-
ing they had ail done the fame, the firll two men that
cnteiid were very much wounded by two Indl.'ns,
who lay huiden behind their fails, and then leaped
o\cr-boaid, fwimmiiig fwiftly awa\ . The next day
they took a fifliing-boat ami let it go alfo, without
doing it any hurt, only in the att^.tk, < ne of the
b.-atmenwas fliot through the ihigl;. On the 25th tliey
difcovered a f'.iil, and (tnt th.ir (h:.!lop, long-boat,
and (kil!", to fee what (he w.. . As Ihc would not
flrike to ill ni, they attacked I.er, the light continu-
ing (lom three o'clock in the afternoon, till ten
at ni^;ht, wh.n their pinnace eoniiin; up, (he yielded.
She was a bark of about 40 tons, bound fur I'riaman,
and loaded with (alt, rice, and China ware; they
towed hi r along with them all night; but in the
morning the comniander finding they «ere of Ban-
tam, wlieiethe KnglKh merchants h.;d then a factory,
he let iheni go, n-Jt fuft'erliig any thing to be taken
Ironi tiurii. On the lid of Sqitendxr they met with
a (mail lliip of (iu/.arat or C;.mbaya, being about
V.o tons, which tiiey took an,l carried into the road
of hilhuP.:', in four di-.-rces fouth, into which roail
inanv praws conlinuall) conie to relufh thcmlehes ;
for there IS good walti, wood, riec, bulFaloes, fledi,
P' atf, heiij, plants, and f.efli Hfh ; but all very dear,
i he iJith th'V deparlcM lor li.^iuam, and the 2 jd of
io,iil. OclolvT c ii!ie to an anchor in thi n':.d of Marrah, in
the ihei:htof sur.d,!. M.fc they t(.ok in frefli \va-
0"

ter, " Here, fays the author, is plcnly t-f buA'alncSj
goat?, cocks, hens, ducks, and other good pro\ Kions,
in exchange for which the natives chiile to take cali- .
cocs, piiitiadocs, and fuch like ftuft', rather than
money, and if well ufcd, will ufc you well ; but you
muft watch them j for they think every thing well
got th.tt they can fteal from a ftranger. On the iXth
they let fail, and arrived within three leagcs of Ban- Unntain.
taiii, which (lands in fix degrees 40 minutes Ibuth,
where they anchored. The Englifli fleet, which they
thought to have met with, was gone for England
three weeks before; but th'- f-clors came on board,
and w,is very gl,id to fee them, and gave the com-
mander an account how grofsly the Dutch, who
were then in the road, had abulcd them to the king
of Bantam, reprefenting them as thieves and repro-
bates, who came only to plunder them by artifice or
violence, if they found an opportunity. They added
however, the Dutch were lb much afraid of them,
that they durll not come into the road, but kept two
or three leagues off. The commander moved with
this report, weighed anchor, and fent the Dutch
word, that he would come and ride clofe by their
fides, giving them to undeifland, at the fame time,
that if they offered fo much as to point a gun at him,
or the leaft infult whatever, he would cither fink them
or fink by their fides. There were of thefe five (hips,
one of 7 or 800 tons, the reft of a far fmaller burden.
But of this meff.ige, (notwithftanding they came and
anchored clofe by them) they never had any anfwer :
on the contrary, whereas the Hollanders vvtrc ufcd to
fwagger, and keep great (lir on ftiore, before the com-
mander's arrival, they were fo quiet after, that fearecly
one of then were fcen on land. The 2d of Novem-
ber they took leave of their countrymen, and ftood
on their courfc for Patanc. In their way, between the
Cherfunefus of .Malacca, and IVdia Branca, they met
with three praws, which, for fear, ran in near the
ihurc, wherefore the commander inannd his ftial-
I'lp with 18 men, and fent to requcll them, that for
his money he might have a pilot to carry his (hip to
Poll) Tiniaon, five days fail from thence. But they
I'Leing the (hip and pinnace at anchor, about a mile
oiF, not able to come nearer, bluntly refufcd ; where-
upon the (hallop attacked them, and in Icfs than half
an hour took one of them ; but the men, who were
7 J in all, got on fhore. Another, after having fought
all night, yielded about day-break; flic was l.ideu
with benjamin, (lorax, pepper, China ware, and
pitch, 'I'he 3d praw got a.vav, while the other wa.s
fighting. The commander, who came up in his
(kiff, a little before Ihe (truck, would not fuffer any
thing to be taken out of her, but two of the men for
pilots, and then dil'miflcd the reft, betaufe they were
of Java, Thefe Javans are refolute in danger ; their
chief v\ capons are javelins, darts, daggers, and a kind
of poifoned arrows, which they flioot from trunks :
thiy are not expert in ufine them : inoft of them arc
.Vlaliomctans. Thefe had been at Palimbam, and
were going home. On the 26th, they ("aw cer-
tain iflands bearing o(F them north- weft, whicli nti-
ilier they nor their new pilots knew; and the wind
preying contrary, thc-y put into them for wood and
w.itir. Next day they anchored within a mile of the
fliore, in 16 f.cthoms, good ground, on the ("outh
fi.!e of tlie in,ind>. Here, fending out their boats,
they foun.l lome of tlum to be funken iflands, and
notiiing above the water but the trees, or 'f"t'' SuuUr.
of them,—- All is a wildcriKls of v/oods, and a
moll uneon.fortable place, having neither fruit, fowl,
nor any kind of be; (t for viftualling. Thole idands
they took to be the fame as the Broken Iflands, lying
foutheaft tiom the ifle of Bantam, However, in
one of them thry met with a pretty good watering
place.

On the 2d of December, they weighed anehor and
ftood for Patanc, as near as the winds would pi rmit ;
for in thefe months, they found them to be veiy con-
trary, keeping dill at north-north-weft, or north eaft.
On the i2ih, they obdrved a fail near Pulo Laor, and

fending

Jjpantfo
»junk.

M,:

cr il,

Hit.is

TO GUINEA AND Till: EAST I N D I E .^,

35<

\nH

> •

arc
an I

tho
ath

fol^ Sa
a

'1,
inds

, la
lin-

lit i
•on-
caiK
aiul
Jiiiil

I't.cr. ifljcis

fending tluir pinnncc al'ttr, the m-nrcfl ftaycJ luliinil
to have met wilh the iithci tuo, hut in the ni;.',ht h)ll
them. Next niDrnint; they dcCciied the pinnace and
Ihallop, ahout Tour lta;;iics to the leeward, wilh the
other fhip, w'liih tliey had taken; and feeinp, that
they were not aMe to j')in them, the wind and current
bti:ij rontr,.ry, went to them, they found her a
junk ot" I'anhangc, ot' about lOO tons, ladui with
ficc, pepper •iiid tin, !;oiiij; to IJantam. The com-
mandei ilii'rcijarding tuch mean luggage, toolc only
as much rice as ferved for his provilion, and two lit-
tle braf:i gi.ns, which they paid for to their content ;
he alfo l<cpt one man for a pilot, wh", leeiug him
ufe them lb well was willing- to g<i. 'I'hc other two
pilots, which they toot bcfoic out of the prawf, be-
ing very unfkilful, he fent back in the pink, after
rewarding them f.;r the time they had been with him.

CJn the 13th failing towards Pulo Tim;.,.n, which
borders on tlie country of H:nhange, they were trou-
bled much with contrary winds and eurients, tor the
fea from the beginning of November to the beginning
of April tuns continually fouthward, and from April
to Mevenibir back again to the ncrthwr.r I. 'I'he
wind alfo in the full live months is moft commonly
northerly j and in the otlur fevcn foutherly. All
the iliips of China, I'atane, Jor, I'anhange, and
fome other places, to the nortluv.iid, come to Ban-
tam, in the northerly monfoon, and return again
during the foutlierly one. By obl'erving thefe fca-
fons, Ihips \\'ill be fure to have wind and tide with
them. Here ihey found Inch violent contrary winds
and curr. 1 that they could advance but a league
in tluec weeks. — I'anhange, is a vei . plentiful coun-
try, and full of people of faihion. There is alfo flore
<>( lliippiii!.', and vieiuals are very cheap. It lies
bitw.i ;i Jor and I'antane', and leacneth along the
toalt to cape Tingcron ; whicli is a very high point,
;:nd ihe fi il land that the laracks of Macao, the junk^
cf China, or praws of Canibaya, do make, when
bound fur Malacca, Java, Sumatra, Junibe, Jor,

(jieecc, or any other part to tho (biithward.

Here, in their way to Fatane, about tlie 17th they
met with a junk full of Japans, who had been
pirating along the roait of China and Cambaya.
larjncf; nijct 'h^'''' pilot lKin|;dea<l, and not knowing how to go-
a iuiik. vern their ihip in IV.ul weather, fhe was call away on

the (hoals el t!ie gu.'ct il'.ind lioriRo, wliere they
iluiil not in 011 fliore : lor the J.ip.'.n.. being feared as
a b.)ld de!pe;ite people, are not fullered to land in
rnv part of India,, with weapons. Taking their
{li:'llops, after the lofs of thiii (liip, they met with
tliisjunk, which belonged to Paiaiie, of about fevcnty
Mviolir i!ic tons, laden with rice, and liavini; killed all the pco-
cicir. pie, favc an old pilot, and fiirniflicd it with I'uch nc-

celTarics and .-.nn-. as they faved out of their funken
fliip, iliapul their courle for Japan: but thi' badncfs
oi the iuiik, contrary wind>, and (jnlcafon..ldene!s of
tiie vear, forciii'.'; them 'o Kewardu^s the caufe of their
falling in the wav of the Knglitj^ 'I'luv were ninety
men in all, a number too gri;«^ for lo fmall a vcH'cl ;
and mod of them in too j;allant a habit for failors ;
hel'ides there was I'ueh an c(,ualiiv of behaviour among
them, that thee fecnu d to be upon a level : for though
one among them was calh-d captain, they (licucd him
but little refpc.:f. Their lading was only rice j and,
fur tho moll p.'Tt fp.iiled with wet ; for their fliip
was leaky b.ith undei and above water. 'I'he Englifh
ridin.^ at anchor under a fniall ifland, near that of
Bantam, lor two d.ivs treated them kindly; with a
view to have learned the place and pad'age of certain
ibips, on the coitl of China, in order to have made
their voyage. But thefe men being hopelefs, in
lh.".t iiink, tvct to return to their own country,
refolved with thcmOlves either to gain the Ihip or
I'.f-- their lives. A- there was a friendly intcrcourle
h-.tVi-:eii the twei \ ll'eN, with prefcnts and fealfing :
(onietinu's tv/cni\ -fue or twenty. Gx of the principal
men would c Mil. i.n board the Kiu'lifh Ihip, tho' not
above lix w; re luli" rii to have weap'-.ns. — The com-
modore inteiidin ^ to h.'.vc the rice Karched in the junk,
Vol.. I. No. ■!.

iCz.

orelered Captain Davi^ in the morning lo pofl'efs him-
lelf of their weapon', and put the eomp.iny before >—
the maft ; for fear, in cale any thing valualile was
found, they miglit let upon the Knglilh and kill
them ; but Davis being deceived by their difl.nibling
carriaLO, would not leize iin their weapons, though
he was orelered twice to do it. At fiin-li;!, alter long
fearch, and nothing lemnd, lave a little Iforax and
benjamin, the Japanele-, il.ein'j; a i.iir opportunity, .j..^^, t
at a watch vvoid agreeel im between tiieni, reli,lutely ^fg [,'^j^
fell upon the Englilh in both Ihips at once. Tlicy
fuddeiily killeil and drove oveiboard all the Engllln
that '.veie in their junk ; and thofc who were on boaid
the lhi|) fallied out of the commander's cabin, wliori
thty were put, with fucli weapons as tlicy had, or
couKI find llure. Sir Ed'.v.".rd being on deck, leaped
into the walle ; where, with the boati'vvain, carpen-
ter, and Ibme (cw more, he kept the enemy under the
half deck.

The fiift they happened to meet with w".s captain c,,,j|n
Davis coming out of the gun-room, whom theyilain,
pulled into the cabin; and giving him fix or feven

wounds, thrult him out again before them

He died as foon as he came into the wafte, into which
thty prclll'd moft furioully to reach them with their
fvvords. It w.is near half an heiur before they could
be driven back into the cabin, four or live of their
leaelers being flain ; and lour more before they were
fubdued. They often fired the cabin, by hurtling the
bedding and fomc combultiblcs ; and would have burnt
the Ihip, if they had not been prevented, by beating
down the bulk-head and panij), with two dcmi-
cuKerins from under the haif-djck. 'i'licfe guns be-
ing diargtd with crols-hars, bullet?, and cafe-Ihot,
and bent dole to the bulk-head, fei hurt them with
boards and Iplinters, that there .vasbute)ac left out
of twcnty-or.e, it was furpriling to fee how niifcrably
their legs, arms, and bodies were torn ; they were
lb eltlpcrate, they never once called for quarter : only
one le.ipcd ovei-boaid, who aitervvaids I'vvam back to
the Ihip, and begged meicy ; being alked what was
their delign .' He replied, it was to take the ftiip, and
cut the throats of all that wiie in her. He would
fay no more, but at lalt aiked to be cut in pieces.
The next ilay, being tlic aSth, when they were about
live miles fioin land, the command, r ordered the Ja- ,
pancle to be handed ; but he broke the rope, and fell
into the lea ; whelhtr he I'wam to l.iiul or not was
unkuoun. They took their rourfc to a little ifland
to the leeward, where they anchored the ^Otli, llaying
three days tn mend their boat, and take in weed and
water ; in this ifland they found a Ihip of Patanc,
whole captain being alked, whether the Ihips ot
China were come to I'atane ? He told them they were
not, but would be there within a few days, for this
rcafon they took him for their pilot, and purpofed to
wait therefor ihe Chinele Ihips.

On the i2th of January ifao6, one of the mites,
trom the top-maft, deferied two Ihips, which came
towards them ; the Englilh likevvil'e advance !, and
coming up with the largell in the nignt, alter i Ihort
Hght, boarded, and brought them to an anchor.
Next day tlie Englilh having taken i'emic of their filks,
both wrought aiui raw, paid for them more than they
were worth ; after w hith thev let them depart on the
15th, without touching tliei fiKer, though thev had
above fifty tons on board. Tiiis was done out of kind-
nefs, but hecaule they h.ad hopes of meeting with
the other Chinefe fliips, which they lay in wait
for, Iliaping their conrle back again, but the wind
proving quite contrary, they could not proceed ;
ami lo were forced on the 22d to put into two
fniall idands to leeward, called by the Javans, Pulo

Sumatra. On the 24th a great llorm arifing, their

cable breike. The 2d of I'ebriiarv five Holland Ihips
failing homeward put into the fame road. Captain
Warwick, who was their general, having invited Sir
Eilward to dine with him, told bini that the Englilli
merchants n Bantam, were in great danger every
hour of being .ill'aultcd by the king of Java, on ac-
4 iii count

D,iv:;

3S8

i6c'7

VOYAGES Of

count of tlic Chiiu-fe fliip which he had tukcn, where-
in ...t iiKuuieli h,iJ lu.t his ciiftom ; and ihcrifor;:
rcqi.icltcd iiiiii 10 ^'.) no f:uthi.'r, but Liil liomi with
hull; Sir LcKvarl an x red, that he had not us yet
n.adj nis \.'y.ij;i', and thi'iittiic Wiiiild not return.
But weighing il.o call; a little better, after the tle-
puiu-tot the IloUandrrs, (which was on the -yi of
l-chruary) ami cor.iidcring that he had but t'.vo
an, nor-., and two cables left to truit to, he ih.iuiilit
l)niper to r.pnir his (hips, and return home with i.u
poor advantage he had made. Accordingly he let fail

, -,.-, . - .„,.

' ^-^v - - -j

lary j and tfie
d i'.^ht of till

ly c.i'iK to St.
.1 11 liiliinint^
wild lio^^s, the
'h.'ie .ire pifn

» and Ci.iinca-

THE \'OYA(JE OF CAPTAIN WILLIAM KEELING,
TO BANTAM AND BAND A.

N thii voyage were cmplovetl three (hip?, with
■^10 nivn j the lJra:;on, a<!iniral. Captain Keel-

; chief comnii'.nJer or i'/iicral ; the H..'.;h>r, vicc-
adniii.d, William HawkiiK, captain, and the
CVnlini, David Ali-idletoii, captain.

On tlie id of April, 1607, the Dragon and
Hector Wire fallen as low a> th.' Down< ; alter their
dcp.irture from thence, thev met with feveral dilalk-rs.
'I'licy ;iafied the line in the beginnin!; of June ; when
being come into four or live iK'tjrccs of Couth I ititude,
they were forccil by pull'-, calms, rain, fieknels,
and other marine ineonvcnicncies, to return north-
ward. 15ut miffing the illc of Fernando lie L'>ronnha,
to their great furprife. On the 30th ot Julv, the
commander confulted with I'averner, the mailer, who
w.is of opinion that tlicy rtiould be obliged to return
for Er.;land. His company beginniii;; to be niutli
dil'eafcil, and being unable to re:ich Fernando
tie Loronnha ; (water Uing their grcatcit «.-,iU, and .1
vatering pl.ice to near) he called a council, and,
alter dinner, propound.d what wasfittell to be done.
It was generally agreed, that thcv ought not to Ihind
to the fouth any longer. 'I"h y theiclme ftood for
Sierra F^eona. On the 4th of AugulJ, in the morn-
ing, they law many flower?, a fign of land ; and in
the ''vning had ground from twentv-eight to lixteen
fathom?, ouzy> but no fight of flioit. Having lent
out the Ikitf, to ride at a fmall dillancc from the fliip,
in order to examine the fet of the curicnl, bv the
log line, Ihc found it let fouth-calt-by-eaff, two
milci a watch ; although Ihe rid wind road. 'I'hey
fleered all this morning, call, ami ealf-by-fouth,
and had from thirty to twenty, and ten fathoms water,
but no fmht of land, and the grcatell depth was
oo/,y ; the Icall a yellow, fandy ground. ,\b'>ut
nine, they efpied land, being a round fpot, modtratilv
high, bearing north-ta(f, about eight leagues diftant.
'I'ii.y were at noon in the latitude ot feveii degrees
filiy-lix minutes, and fteercd all day caft ; fomotimcs
<iiie point northerly or loullr'riv, as their wnur
deepened or (hoiled ; for they had often times above
ten fathoms, and at the next call under feyen fathom?,
in pitty ground ; and when they found (hoal water,
upon bearing up northerly, they inllantly deepened ;
a llgii that they bordered upon thefhoals of S\. Anne,
'lire author allows, fincc the preceding elay at noon,
fourteen leagues eaft, and five leagues welf, wind at
fouth and fouth-by-wcft, r.nd fouth-by-eall. In the
afternoon, they had ten, eleven and twelve fathom:
v/Jtcr. Iiie. lirft land proved 11a Verde, being a
very round land, and niiik lor ihofc bound frr the
place, from the foulhwa'd. About levcn in the
ey>:iiing, they anchored in twenty fathoms water,
hard land, having ftecr el /ix leagues err more, to the
iiorih-ealf, and north-r.orth-eall. About fix llie next
ino.'ning, t:^;y made iiii! ^ot the road i and had iiu lei's

than fixtccn, fifteen, fen and nine fathoms, till they
were ntrrth and fouth with, and half a mile from the
rock, (which lies abirut one mile and a half off the
Cape, and one mile f: cm the nearell iliore). 'i hey
had leveii fathoms very good ftio; Jing, between them
and the rock ; and loon after thrv had palled if, they
had twenty fathoms water, and ihoaled to eighteen,
lixteen, twelve and ten fathom?, all the w.ry m the
road, bordering very near the foutli ihorc ; tor there
is fand lying off the north Ihore about two miles or a
league, from the louth Ihore, wheieon 'he le-a
breakcth. They roeic in ten fiihoms, good ground,
the piilnt of sierra I.eona bearinu well-by-north,

and the fanel-bank nortb-north-ealf. This aftcr-

neron, perceiving n.cn, \\ ho beckoned them on ftiore,
the commander lent his boat, which leaving tAo
holfagcs, brought four negro?, whopromiled refrefti-
ing. The (k\it founding between the Dragrn ami
be.ieh, foiuid l.iir ihoaling, and two fallieuns water,
within two boa'.s length ed it. On the yih, there
came on board with the boat, negros of better ap-
pearance, having one Englifliman in lioftag:- ; lor two
of them having made ligns that the conimairlcr
ftiould fend fonie of his mrn up into the country, and
;hat they would remain as pledge?, he lent Ldwar.l
Uuckbury, and his fervant, WMliam Ce tterel, with
a prefent, viz. one coarfe Hurt, th le foot of a b.^.r
e'firon, a few glufs beads and two knives. Tliey
returned towards night, and brought the cermmaneier,
from the laid c.iptain, oin; Imall ear-iiiig of geild at
about ci^ht or nine lhilliiif»s lleriing. Anil fecaule it
was late, the hollages would not goon rtiore, but lay
on board all night, without reeiiiiiing any fecuritv
lor them, the Ihip's boat being fent, leiehed live tons
ol trefii water, which is both very gejod, and ealV to
come bv. On the iith, tie coninii.ndir ueiit
f.fiiing towards fhore, where the people brought tlieir
women to fee them, but were alriid the lin, iilh
would carry them away. He gave them foine tiitles,
and bought a quantity of lemons, at the rate ( f ico
lor a penny knife : windateaft. On the izth, iie
went again, but took little tiih ; th-^ w iiul was from
north-Wed to louth, the weather rainy. N.xt d.^y it
laincd without intcrniliiion, and they got liih enough
foi a me.-.I ; the commam^cr bought an elephant's
tooth erf lixty-thrce pounds weight, lor live yards erf
liluc calico, and feven 01 eight pounels of iron-bar.
On the 14th, it rained all day. On ilv; i^'s he-
went and caught, within one hour and an h.ill', <joo
cavallas, a linall but good fifh. In the afternoun,
witli Captain Hawkins and a convenient guard, he
Went on fhoie to the villaie, where ihcy bought
i. or :;;oo lemon'. He reckoned it a t..ir d..y, when
tliey li id three hours dry over he.ad.
. On the iOth, John Rogers returned, and brought
j him a prc/eut of a pieccof ^'>ld, in form of an half.

TO GUINEA AMD THE EASt IN*^/ES.

moon, viliicc! at about f(\iii (hilling', ftirling. With
an acciiiiiit thnt the proplL' w re pcacijblc, the chict
without (late ; the hijiuing two Kjgiio up ; ..nil the
chief villa^^e eight miles Cicmi the lainliiij; phice. (Jii
the 22d, Ihiy wtiu on Ihoiv, «nere ilioy made i,x
or kveii baiji.os full of leiricn-vvati i j the tdin-
mai'.der opeiiiii^^ one of the cojnpaiiy's firi.iiis of knives
to buy liniis wiili. Oil ihe ;in of StptuTibu-, th^y
went all on (li nc, to ;le it thty c-uld kill an
tlcphant. They (hot feven it eight bulict. into > lie,
and made him bLed cxeeidinj;ly, as appeared hy iiis
track; but being near ni^l.i, ih' y were forced to
return on board, without irt'eciin;; th' ir (le(i^,n.
Although the cominander ofun piopofej to oblnve
the4atiiude of the load, both on hoard and oii Ihore,
yet his inltruments bciui; oui of orilci, he nev^ r did ;
but the mailer made it by his obfcrvation, ci;hi
Hegree-i, thirty fix minutes north ; the point ot Skira
Leona bearing nearell weft, three or four miles off.
He alfo found the variation to be one degree fifty
tninutes caftcrly.

On the 17th of December, about t*'o in the
afternoon, they fawtlic Table of Saldanna \try plain ;
and ftanding to make it till three, the ciniir.aiidcr
cauf'd th;' malfer to ftecr cafl-lbuth-eaft, r.iid foiith-
ea(t-liy-taft, to double the Cape. At that time ihe
whole company being Tick, defired to put in!" Sal-
danna, ih.-y (food for it, and about noon j^ot into the
road, anchoring in five and a half fathoms water ;
the w !. pont bearinp; weft-n.rth-wclf, the illand
north-norili-weft, and the Su^ar Loaf, fouih-we(f.
Tiic v.cft.riTioft Cipc-Iand, and Pciv;uin idand,
bear fouth-by-wc(t, Ccc. There was a land-bank
fouth of I he u;.in(', about a milediftaiit ; anu another
half a le;;. ue off lo the foiith-eaft. Between the
ifland ami fliore are leveii miles dilfant. The Sugar
Loat and tn:' ifle bear fi>uili-l>y-e:'lt, and nortli-by-
weft irom the weft puint of the b.iy, half a mile oft"
is a flat. Ti-.'. weftermoft foutli-laml, and point
of the Sugar Loaf, bearing fouth-fouth-weil, and
north-north-ealf. As foon as they anchored, the
coiiMiander went on (hore, finding the people very
Lfld, but dear. There he met with thi le words
i.^ravid upon a rock, viz. " The 24th of July,
1607, Captain David Middlcton, in the Conleiit."
On the 2lft, he landed again, an<J bought 102 llieep,
12 bullocks, and 2 calves, ofwliirlilu- allowed the
He6lor a ihare. This traffi^contiiiiied ieveral days,
in which time they bought fome cattle. At li'n-rile,
on the 2i(f of January, 1607, they fet fiil, and by
fix in the evening, were ten leagues weft-by-foiith
from the louth point of the bay. On the iqth, the
Dragon ihipped a great deal ot water at the In Im-port,
and at the hole in the gallery, about two hours after
midnight which wetted fome bales of cloth. Latitude
thirty-five degrees twenty-two minutes, the author
allows thiitcen leagues fouth-fouth-ealt, wind eaif-
north-caft, and north-eaft ; fix leagu-s drift fouth,
and three leagues north-e.ift, wind wefterly. 'J'he
too great quantity of goods, m.ide the ihip labour
exceedingly. On the i-th of February, they law
tiie land bearing eaft ab/Ut eight leagues from tlicm,
and as it was judg ''., in the latitudi , f twenty-
four degiecs twenty minutes. They ftood in till
after fix o'clock ; at that time, being within four
Icaiiies of th.- Ihore, they flatted, the Hector being
too n jar a-(lerii for then to ftay. 'I'hcn they t.iekcd,
they h.i.l no ground .it eight or nine fathoms, which
was no great wonder, for it was low finoolh land.
About noon, they w.'re aihwart of two fmaU iflaiuls,
L'cming to make a goinl ro.id j wherefore, not know-
ing their latitude, they ftood oft" till they could
obforvc, it being nigh noon. On the i8th, lati-
tude twenty-three degi;-: ■ thirty-feven minute--,
riierefore thev flood ii "\^in, I'uppofiiig this to be
th.- place tliey fought ; but coming near the Omre,
.iiul having lent both (kills a head, they fiund fix
fathoms water, for wh;ch reafon, they anchored in
fovcn and half randy ground, about one ii. the after-
nooi:, the two illaiids am: brcaclj bearing fouth-wcll-

crl) a mile from them. Thtr.' was nn ihlit a1'"U^
:hi,( lijLMics Irorii ii-.civ., ejfl by iiorM, whi- ;. il..'
iii.ifter (Ujipokd 10 be .St /.u^'Kiint i and r'iv;nd'; ,;
U) fcaich tile l.ui-e j the Ciii.m inia 1 ca'iid .1 e nine.',
>W.erc it was iil.lveil 10 in.ik loii.i- ln,.i.l i'.iy at .'ir.
AuiuM :ie. Tnr variation iii this pl.^ce w . . 1 5 ce;'.
30 Miinutrs i ami by anoth' r ohl' rv itior., :lie I \:.i;
ii.ornii'!:,' i j d(.gi-'(s /6 in i^.:le^-, he v., oL'Ii;.'uio
obhrv ovei tin- l.ind h If a djgK-e nigh, uihefwih thi
variition would have rifiilitu foinc. ,iai nioie : oh
tliMe two ohieivaii. rs lie h.^l j'rc... dtp ik.uhi : it

rio ,ed t.ill. On ih- igM. in ,he n.oriiir j li.ey

Weighed, and one cf then anthi rs being I uUy, it
bf..ke. '1 hey fteiieil lo' the abiA'C-imiuioi,i.:i (cem-
ing harbour 01 ba- , Jid o uul in thm vvay fi. 1,1 nn or
t.ul\e, totwei.ty f-iilion s, coming ne.ir liie po:nt in
thehi.;ghiot tiic b /, liii y had no grounil i.t ico fa-
th' m', till ihiy weie auv..ncid far lino thi. bsv, \.he(»
their lkift"<^, whieh were before 111 m, found bo toin.
After tins, they had tiom 'hirty to Light fatho;i.' , and
farther in deep w.,icr. Tluy dropped oHe anchor in
eiglifeen fathoms, aiid l.iid anotlicr in lortv : fnrilic
I'oiith iliorc w.is the il' epell vsau r, the other hi ng
made (hallow by the coining dviwn of the rivei-;. On
the 2Cth they had 70 fathoms water at the (hip j the
bottom oozy. 'I'lie land bor.; we(!-b\-!oui 1, and
luirth J and to the north, lay certain liio.h, with ii
faiul-bank to the noith-wjfi, lb that th^y v.cre but
live points of the coinf>afs open to the winds ; but the
road is very foul ground, and deep water j bilideF,
there runs a ftroi.g (ireani down the riv.rc. ntimially.
Captain Hawkins coming on board the Di agin, the
commander being indilpoled lilii.felf, knt him on
Ihore, accompanied with both the (kif:.-, wtll armed.
Towards night he returned on I oard, ii-itlioat havini*
fecn any people ; but the frclh traek (jf them wa-?
very vilible in a great many places. He Lft fome
heads and trifles "i a boat v\'hivh thiy foiiiid, td
allure the nalivts. AcoordiniJ to this account, there
was little likeliliood ot relreftdng here: but the com-
mander's fi(h.rs, from the oilier fide of the bay told
him, they met with a great number of bones of
lieails, :iul fome with flifh on them. George Lvanr,
of the Hed^or, was bitten here bv an alj!:ator
Ihe commander ordered water to be taken in with-
out delay : and in the nv-an time propolld to lee':
proiifions. It flows here neareft cat!, and hi.>heit,
much water. On the 21ft, having elpicd four
natives the commander lent to prelciU them beads;
kc. wliereupon they promifed, hv ligns, to brinp'
ftorcof caide next day. (Jn the -.'d, thecommande'r
perceiving Ieveral of the inhabitants, went on fliorc^
and toinid a fnbtil people. (Their bodies Were ftroiiiT,
and well proportioned i their privities oijly carefully
covered with cloth made of the iliinds of tree: ). He
hou'.'ht one calf, one (heep, and one lamb j but they
woiilil part with nothing luir f.,r fiUer. In ihealor-
noon, he rowed up the river, as wtll to look for the
heft wateiing place, as oilicr.vilc, and found the
water very (hallow and bracki(h. On tiic :4ih, he-
went on (hole again, leciiig one man there, and
bought three kine, two (leers, and four calves,
which coft nineteen (hilliiiL's befidcs a few beads.
The cattle wnich were buflaloes, arc far better fleflj
than thole of S:,ldanna. Tliefe people are cncumcifcd,
as lome aflirm ti' have fern.

" On the 28tl), (lays the author) they d-partcd.
Tliere lies a breach lour miles from the noith point of
the bay, foutli fouth-caft. The place is defcribed as
very inconvenient f>;r riding, the water being c'?ep,
and the ground pittv and foul, as appear hv their
cahli' cutting. On the 12th of March, lat. 15 d?^.
50 minutes, they founded l.-vcral times in the after-
noon, and had n.> g'ound at 90 fathoms, and before
einht, they had ground at 20, 18, 17, 16 ("athcms,
all within half a cable's length. Tluii they inlt \ntly
tacked otf, and had 19 and 24 f,itlKims ; and the
three hill, had no liottom at fortv fathoms. The
i;roiMid wascompoled ofl'mall fingU ilones, likebesns,
and the Ihip at this tunc was about tivc.or lix miics

fruiB

'SO

1^0'"

358

VOYAGES OF THE ENGLISH

l6o3 fromftiotp. This afternoon, h.iviot', !);> 1 a fiiili r,alc
> ■ » ' av caft by north, they got liHncwh.it ii> tlienoith. —
The ijUi, latiluji- 1 5 <JcT;rcvs 45 iiiiniilkrs, it haviiic,
boi-n ratiii iVoin miiiiiii^hl till ilinit this ton.i)(«);i,
ihcy loll \\\in they got the J^y I'ft'ou-, and wm- ihi-
tui (DUth as apjitarcJ by the land. I'hcy were at
lio<)i> wiliiiii three leai^iits of Diore. i'hc i+tli, la-
titude 15 degrees 4'2 minutes, 1« that they were :id-
vanccd north, tlirce leagues, andjiiJi;nieni would have
allovvcd at )eart 15 len:^ucb no;'li iiorih-calf, li» tli.it
the author coiicludid the cnrre)it ran I'lvift, and /it
mciv ibuth thaji I'outh-wi ll : lor ihi> morniiig, thoiiij;h
Iia/y, thev were not (aril oin fliorc, havinj; ivid (i^ht
of land all along ; whereas then, altlioii;;h it vv4s
miiiMi cleared, they could hardly lie it. The I5tli
thiv were in laiitndc 15 degrcc-s 4^) minutes. J'hey
could not lee the land, yet were but ten le-iyues tivjm
it. Th v knew not w hat courle u» uke t« get
iMil of tai> current , fi>r if 1 ' jy pnt oti', and the cur-
lent fhoulJ hold, tiie (hips inii;ht be in dinger uoni
the irt.ind of Juan C.c Nue' a ; and by ket-pin;; the (hore
preit h i/ards m.i;ht accrue; befides, where Juch a
(rait I'j isiiut the ihcarn, it is iiidiicictiuii to con-
tinue.

" The ^! xirs of this place alike affirm, tliat in
f.ime vear-, ujioi-. the colli of Mombala, Ala^^ido.va,
F'.ia, Ij.-ava, c^c. pieces of >ViiiI»cjp,ris are found,
\4,-' :hi:i(; twciMy kcntals, uf liich bulk, thai men
I.. hid.? [•e!';i)d one of them. They nuke yeaily
•lOi jgvs / 11:. hiMicc to th^ ifle of Coniora, 10 buy
fiave;:, a.'id report the people to be vciy treacherous ;
jii' i..j, al Jifi'ercnt times killed 50 perfons by pui-

foiiiiij;, n\(> ihercf've rcfoh. ed to tiade on board.

']"Kev (liu there vr.rc ei;;lit Dutchmen upon Pcmba,
who (ill l)Ocii lb'-:, three or iota years, twoot whom
i.urnct? Moiv?, They rei kon this monfi.Hin of fouih
winds <o l)e;;m vcarly the (irft of .May, and the c.\-
tvciTiitv thereof to coiiiiuue ico days. J'he moll
hoillei'ous weather f which they report.to be wonder
I'll) is in June iiid July ; for on the icth r.if Auttull
It be^^ins 10 b; lels windy, and loon after north winds
come, attended with inueh rain, fcr t\\rix or four
nioiiihs mr.M' i at (\ hieh time molf aloes is made,
wjifh is only the juice of fcmpcr viveiis, put into a
goar'slkin, and fodriud. I'he jd of ^^ly the com-
iiijialci Itiit ■!» fliorc to vc\jS\ aloes, and received on
board i:'.5C p lunds, v.hr.h co'.f for the conipany's
account a V' ^'""'"■*' ' hiuiihi in all 18 ; j pi>und>
nclt. i'lic chief fe.'..: to borrow r.co ri.ils of

ci;fht, which he ret.:)eo lo KtkI ; hut prelliitcd him
with t'^o yards of keikv, an-J a very hadloiiK knife.
He h.id, n't another time, 575 pound more of aL-cs
whi' h co/t I ! 1 dollar'. Cliaiil, D.ahul, and Danda
R;ijipuri arc p.nod .uul fafe ports, and rich trading
towi.s, upon tiic coall of India. At Saaila, llbiiki,
Aui'^jne, Ahitti, four of the ifles of Comora, then
is abundance if rice, and the people aiv . >ck1 : but
Jm;h.'r.e, and Malalo, (twoinoretif (f ''ani.-iilands)
prodme very litllc ri<x j and the pcojile aiv* trea-
cherous.

" Burrom, ^lakell:l, and C:iyxim, ; c good '.-,. r-
bcuri for both monfooiison the coail f Arabia, liut
11. 1 piactiof nicrchandifinj. Xael, or ICaer, hius no
harbour nor iu.id for any time, but w i.'d ve'id iron
and lead, a Tuik. btina; Ag» ; and tf ■/ ^nd by Ian.
for fueh » :..:iHnodities in Cayxini, a day s joarncy to
llie wcUward i but tlure is no '.'^oinp; tliithc: at this
time; that 111 both monlocns there isa c iil'iualex-
treiBC fea-Lnlc upon ihecoalV of Arabia, and ihcciii-
irnt geiicinily with the wind; there is no ridiii ;
at the enlraiKc of .Sural, to ha\e any flielter fi.wi
thewelUrn (li'He, ajainft the wcllein monffX>iis, h.
icafon of bid aiichoiing ground, and chiefly b> the
extreme i lolincc of tlie tides, which ovrrfet fhips that
arc not a';roiiiuI. The roa.! of Delifa is a \ c 1, good
place to 1 ide in hcuic .i^aintl the nionfoin. Hut what
is (iranj^e, two miles cither fo the eaft or wcif from
ihcner, it continually blows fo hard that no (h'p
can abide it ; neither couid the author aflign any lea-
{oa for it, rveiTt the dilfaWke bctw ixt the (hips of tl,.-

high mnunt.iins nii}',hl caufe it; f.' ihtrew.-v- il.Htti
low land betrtivt them and the ili'/n.

" On thca4thof June they departed. The ;•. ; 1 tlur
faw an iiLiiul, and ;ibout not'ii, two more; tiievhr
two to the north, and one to the fouth, whi. h i- the
Si|>i;'ft, and in the l.ititude of (bur dej^rvXi two lui-
nuKs bilow the Line. The north part ol thtle
illaiids is a >eiy high land, fall of titet. In the
mid-way, b.iweeii ibe f.>u;!i. iiivd} of ll;e thnc,
which are tv'ii Icagues.diHaal noith ii.J lo,i:!i. 'I'liire
IS 1 l.ind. bank lying lioin the cad < iiJ o^ the iiiol!
Diifthern (or middKnioll) foulh-calf, Iralf » li.;:ii;el
ovc! i li> avoid this, ihci' (leered wiliiiii two lej4!K»
L'l the maldleiniill illaii,), bv a very £')"d j>a)l,i r,
haviiisf the breach ab-uil three lea^uo to tlie fo.nli.
It lies verv daniyrons foi thofe who lave no liiow-
Icdje ••! it, to pals by iii;;hr. There (etii'.ed to be
a p.ij]'a>e between the two northcrnmoll; ; but it is
Icarcc c-wide. On the abtii ihey \vc:c halt

way between I'rianian and I vku, about three !i^v;uet
from the Ihorc, vvheie ir was oblined, lli.t the
two hummocks o( Miko, uiih the ';• ;ii land otfi
them, hi«e north and by well, and luulh by ciJt,
half apuini ciftetly. ) here lie-: a flii.d i'lio I.Hit
miles If om the coaif, bearing fouih ai.d noiih, W|ili
the <aid hi,;h land, l!.'.ndinc;ii'vth-eall by call ; from
the r».rd of I'liaman, they ii.id 45 l.uiioiii watti, 1 ah
leagues and a ball fnmr lUoie. I here is .'.n iilauJ
about four leagues (ttmi the road, iioith-e.il! and
lijuth-iveil. '1 he three illar.ds of I'liaman, lie fouih
fouth-eaif, and nortii iiorili- well, bein^ u'iUjnt escii
from the other, about u mile-. In thealteinoo.'i they
got into I'riaoian toad, and falutiJ tin- town with
live pieces of cannon. Ihe governor Knt a j.oat to
the commander, who rrtiiriKtl it with a [irefeiit of
three yards of cloth alfn, one piece of blue ca-
lico, a mulijurt barrel, .uid two IV. ord blades. He
likcwile bellowed on the nielleiiger, (who ("poke Por-
tu^uefe) .1 piive oj blue <;iJico. i "here came ano-
titerof Arhiii, wilh whom he held a loii» coriverfa-
tion in Arabic : and ftoiii liis repoit, conceived ;';teat
hopes of a beneficial tr.ide. Ou llic J9lh the c.'ni-
tnander went on (hore bv times, (hootm 1 j.jf lUeii
pieces .)! ordnance: be went iinmediaielj- to the j;o-
vernoi's hout'e, who prvfentLd him wilh a bulialo^
and appointcvl liiiii to letriethe price of i)e(ipi'r, with
luiiilrv chiel men. Thefe coni;nilIii:iiers were abo.it
6r) in number, ^xi he ha I inanv dilputts with
them about wvighinj; fte y. vpi.r ; lu; deli.ing, tJiat
it might be ^mis upon the il iiid, and they 'iiliftin^
that 11 lliould be wei;;!jed in the town. J "1 y '■.
majidcd 50 dollars tile baliar, which ij:ue. .iiplealcii
him; for the Aci iuefi: advikd, t( offer but 16;
but this ivas bis ci.iv', for beinj; a nierch.ant, his aim.
j \'.as to ha', c ■■n.'roifd much pepper, ij..iore the com-
mander th' u'J .'1 ive bought any ; and the, AouJd have
made bi.n pay his own price f.ir it. Alter nuuh de-
hate, the rate waf a^^re^d at ;ii dejilars ai.d i h.df the
b:'har, billd'j!: fix per cent, eiiflom. He k .', ife, at
! Mglh coniented to pay two other ciilto, >>, .ir rather
ex.iifions, the one lOo dollars, theoihei, not iiiueh
.'efs. ' ^ I •r.,;s were dr.iwn between (.^;i and them.
Ibe I liht )el.)re, a man who fj oitv I'.v. 1 ' giicfe, lay
on bo .d lh«- Df2!;on ; .n.-.d in be.' j'.r of i,':c late go-
iernr..',s wile, (by limi iniith'd fjU'cn) i.'.llrcd the
eommanderS aid in tak-h^ the tov. . , olieiinfi; hint
one halt s>f it. liut being acquainted with tliv;
foufl'e ot M<>ors, and the thing not agreeable to his
eoinni fri.><»,, Jie refufid to intirmedule ; and in the
mornin;; lent him on fliore. He fold clolh to the
chief, lor 159 malies ol gold. — T he tovyn and lanus
of I'riaman yield not, yearly, above 500 bahars of
(Kpixr; but ; Jiliiiif ih'; produce of tiit neighboiirini;
diliiK'is, as ii.ilianian, I'ekii, lleru' , and the moun-
tains ncjr the town, Ihe whole aniwuiiled to 250'>
bah.irs, which (|uaiititv will load two Ibip^, and iiviv
beboiip,ht at a very reafopabic pi ice, if a factory h,. .
the means to buy nil the year : but ihiir harveft is
o.ih in .\iii;ull and September, and the j.'.rain is fetchid
away b) the (hips of Achin and Java only, the Ou-
7 ' zara's

To GUINEA AND THE EAST INDIES.

jurats not being permitted to tr.nle there by the kini;
01 Aihiu's cxpuls coniinacul J lo that a vclli:! that
tuiiL-hcs at Suraf, and having bought a pared of blue
calicoes, white laliioc*, liliie (hiped and checqiiercd
(Kit}'s, anil Ibmc fmiill ami Hue pintadocs, (hall leave a
lacton', may lay the brfl loiMidalion tor profit, one year
ag.iintt the next. 'I'he aiitlior, ("ays, lie cannot fee how
fliips can call at Catr.bayt, and come to Hriaman time
iMimii;li in one year ; luliclesthc kinijof Achin's let-
icr mull be procured, for their fafcr proceeding* in
thole parts.

On thciHthof Septcm'.Kr, in the morning, they
departed, and next day at noon, were ten Icapucs
welt north-well, from the point to the fouth of Pri.i-
nian, havini; (Iccrt J to the eaft.vard of Ilia dc Frille/,i\.
Before day, on the 20th, they faw an ifland a-liead,
and Iteercd cait fouth-oalt, to j;et clear of if. They
now went to the ealtward of it four lca:Mies j the
illands of Sumatra heini; I'even leagues Ironi them.
'J"he 2 1 If, 26 lea;jues, beini; allowed fyuth-calt by
Ibuth, they were within fix or feven leagues of Su-
matra J and well from them, about four leagues, was
another great ifland. On the 2d of Oilobcr in the
morning, they faw land, which they took for the
Salt illand, but it proved a round hummock upon
Sumatra. They made Icarcely any way, yet at noon.
Were in five degrees 55 minutes fouth. I he 3d they
had fight of Salt Ifle, bearing nor' -eaft by north,
four or rive leagues diltant. It lies in the latitude of
fix degrees, \\x minutes. When they faw it, they
Were within tour leagues or Ids of the fouth land,
which bore call fouth-ealf, the wind all night frefli
at Well, and nurlh-welh The fouth land con-
fill* of four iflis; the wellcrn part of it lies with the
Salt Illand, or roundell and liighell ifland in the
lire: ;ht ot Suml.i, foiith-well by louth, ?vC. The
ncaredof ihe fourh iflands being the weltcrmoft, is
fix kvigues didant from the Salt Ifland. The Silt
Ifland lies lialf-fea over ; and the dillancc betwixt Su-
mutri, and this fouthermoll land is 12 or fourteen
leagues. This evening thev hail the Salt Ifland fi)ur
leagues nrrth of them. On the 14th in the morn-
in , ihev werewuhin five or fix leagues of the puiiit,
(including dantam whole bay) call north-eatt from
them. Ihcrc were before they came to that point,
two rocks lull of trees, bearing north and fouth, four
miles diilant, between which t;vo they lleercd. The
foutliernioit lies very near Java, and the northei-
moll half way or more, betAccn the point of llaii-
tam and another low ragged ifland, which, with the
other two to the northward of it, bear with the north-
ermoll rock. Well f. -uth-well, and call fouih
call, between which iflaanJs thev did not know of any
palla^ic, 'I'hev eot into the road of Uantam where
they found (ix iJutch ihips, two were alinoll ladtn
with cloves, and two more were to be laden with
pepper. The comm snder found 1 } I'liglilh people
iilivc, of whom two were nicrch.mts, and received a
Tctt.'r fio-n Captain David M.'.Hcton. On the 6lh,
the/ paid the two Chinefe ilieir wage^, and rele.ifcd
them. 'I'he 2o;h he called his niercha.us together,
and having formerly refolvcd to return with the Dra-
gon to Kngl.ind, upon Ipccial conlid'Tations, he no.\
confulted about employing the pinnace, not yet
iinilhed i and was refoKed to fend her with liiown
and Sidnal, for Banda ; that John Heme, John
S.iris, and Richard Savage, (hould remain at l!an
tarn i and tliat fo fun-, as the pinnace (hould return
from Bandi, John jaris (hould go in her to Seque
dai':;, in Jjoti.eo. I'hc 15th of November he lent for
Jaques Der"i;:e, ar.d dilcovered to them a defign of
the Javans to kill them, whereof he had received very
p.irticular information.

" On the 22d, the ainbafl'.ulor of Sian r mc to vilit
the commander, and diiuil with him. He affirmed,
thai one might fell loco pieces of red cloth,
there in two d.<ys, and great quantities yearly j
for they cloathed their elephants and horfeswith it ;
that gold is plenty there, and good, being worth three
times the weight of filver; there arc there precious

Vol. I. N" 31.

flones in abundance, and cheap ( and that his maftef
would account it a great happinefs to have commerce
with fo great a king as his inajcfty of Knfland, with
whom, as he underdood, the king ot Holl ind was
not to be compared.

Thectimmanikr took leave of the king, the go.
vcrnnrj the .iilniiral, the old Shah Bandar, alio
of Tangong, and of the Dutch, on the 251I'.,
defiguing to liay mi longer. 'I'hc 2d of December at
night, the merchants came on board, bringing a let-
ter from the king of Hantami to King James, and •
two picols of CaiiKMi, as a prefent to him. The
I ?.th they dilcovered a fail, belcrc they eot out of the
(Ireights, which proved to be the Hector. Her
captain (laid behind at Surat. By her they uiuler-
ftood, that the Portugueli: h.id taken 18 Knglifh
fliips, among which werefeyeral of the faclor'>, and
goods to the value of 9000 dollars. The 14th they
got into the Bantam road again, being forced to .1
longervoyage or lofsof reputation. On the i6tli theie
came a (mall Flemilh vefl'el from Amftirdam, with
news of peace between Sp.iin, France, and the Ne-
therlands, and that the end of his coming was, to
order the Dutch to defift from their ilifign againll
Molucca. The commander appointed Mefi'rs. Mo-
lineux and Peckham, to return for England, and
took the red with him for the Moluccas. The 17th
he removed into the Heiilor, and the mailers exchanged
(hips. The 2id he dilji.ttched Mr. Towcrfon, prefl-
ing his departure with all fpccd. The 2jd, the Dra*
gon let fail from Bantam.

On the fird of January, about one in the morn-
ing they weighed, and with a brilk gale '11 thelhorcj
got about the eaft point, cad north-eall, (rom whence
they rode three leagues; thence to another point fi)uth-
eall hv ead, three leagues. Between the I'econd point
lies a (Iioal, having little water for a great length i to
avoid which it is bed to (leer half way between Java,
and the iflesof Toiida, which arc fwc leagues diilant.
To thceadward of the fecond point, lies the iflanj
of Tarara, (b dole to the (hore, tl at it is not dif-
tinguilh.ible at a dillancc. From the 2.1 to the 3d
point, bearing ead foiith-ead, there are fou; leagues,
andamileand a half otf that point, noith by well,
lies the ifle Lakkee, betwixt which and the point,
there is by report, but one fathom and three quarters
of water. They rode at night in fix f.ithoms, haviug
the ifle a league niV lo the call. Th .^th t!uv weighed,
and (leered within half a league 01 Lakkee, h..ving
(even or eight fathoms water. 'I'he illand Lakkee,
with the wed point, including Jaccatra, bears fouth-
eall, lour leagues diilant. I'here is a dangerous
land od" the well point of Jaccatra, fo that it is bell
to borrow od' the laid ifland, which lies oppofite to
that point. Fhe bill the commander went and an-
choied far out before Jaccatra, the king having lent
the Shah Bandar to defirc powder and 111. itch ; he prc-
fentedhim 30 pounds of the former, and a r(dl of tha
latter. He bought of them for 45 doll.ii^, a I'ortu-
aiiefe bov, (given to the king by the Dutch) who
would by no means forlake C'lirilli.inilv. I'hc points
as they rode, bore north-well, and call by north, fiiur
leagues didant. The town and the highell ot the eall^
ermod hills, fouth by e.ill, and the weft liiU fouth
by wed. Since they left B.mtaiTi, ihey faw 30 or
40 Iflands. The loth in the afternoon, they de-
parted •, and on the I2lh, h.uiiig f.iiled p leagues
tall by fouth. 'I'hey we e at ncHiii, two leagues fijuth-
wed by fouth ai .: .i-d ; louth and north, wilh which
there IS a (hoal, three leagues from Java, called Los
tres Hermano , (or tin: Three Biothers;) the 'He [ ^^^ ,,j, []_,j,
lies 10 leagues lom Java, but not fo lar eallcrly, as nionys.
is projected in ic charts, and bears with iho higheft
hill they lie upon Java, noilh by wed. I'he 21(1 in
the forenoon, tliey faw She land t'f Celebes : the ^"thj
in the morning, thtv v-ere north and fouth wilh a
land lying 12 leagues, call fouth-eall, from the call
fide of Cambayt: coming nearer the wellcrn p.;rt,
it proved two irt..nds, Ivini; call north-eall, &c. Tlie
great ifland 'ay end by north, (ivu leagues off, makiive;
5 A ' three

',i*#

361

V O Y A (5 K S OK r II K K N (5 t, I S U

:t!i !

iCofi

Iflu'd ot
B..no.

<\n '»v, rj.

ihrfO or four hcail-l.iiijH. 'I'licrc lies ;> rouiul ill.iiid
I'iijht li.i ',uci loiith, from the laid Iu-.uI-1.iihIs. From
the c.ill'iii |iuint to another, iioith-eall, h.ll iiciilh,
there are three leagues, ami to a (oiirlli, ni'rlli-e.ill
hv nurili, three It.igues. Ki.,'it Kaj;uts dmih-eail by
».ilf, (roiii the third |uiiiit, lies .i ilioal lix league-,
lont;, as it ht.ireth. TlieiSlh, trnm tlu' (.ml |)<iint
i;orih-ea(}, eight leai;iie>, li.s the ill.iiid 'riealKli.i,
(whireot they had (lulit;) and to the iiorth-e.ill hy
*iorth, 14 Karnes, is the eatl or north-call j)oii\t or
UiiUiii. At night, atara\al, with 40 or 50 iiiui
came on board, lent I roni the kinc nl liiitoii, aninn;.',
whoii\ were the kind's iiiK'lc and liui, who knew Sid-
iiall and Spaldinj.';.

" On the4ihot Kcbrmry in the nioriiinj:, about
cii',ht o'clock, they law Hiirio, the ealt point ot uliich
was iUM(h-eaU bv call-, I'evcn leagues oli, and the welt
point notlh-by-v.i 11, nine leagues otf. 'I'he author
/or the iji.ice ol a lew lioiirs lan u. Km{;ucs, noiih-e.ilt,
wind welUilv. I'he 5th, a conlultation being held,
it «,is ihoiigiit bell to t'o for Ij.inila, the v\inds not
r^Tving lor the Mtdueca?. From the eallern point ot
Burro, to another, tliitL- arc tour leajriies, call and
Wilt. I he llle liioy lies Ibuth and north Irom the
LMlleriiMull end of IJiirro, four or live lea;',ue<. I'roni
liurro they law Anibovna, which lies calt by north,
12 leagues dillant, and is 10 leai;ues Ion;.;, call, to
the caitward of which lie other illes, calf and well, of
;j;<^o 1 i|ii.\iitity. On the 2Ktli, they got into the road
orh.rliourof lianda, wlui^. the people and Dutch
came to u.lc. line the commander. 1 hjre is a fmall
flat illuid, th.:t lies to the north of I'ulorin's call
ti.d. I'ulowav, and the entrance of the harbour,
liorc well, nxttheilv, three leaL'ue.i ilillant. The
two points if the foutli, bear north, one quarter
eafl-, i^'c. half a mile dillant. 'Fhole tliat are bound
in, mult keep on the north ilde, dole under ihe hic^lult
h'll. Thee rode in I'lV fatlii>;ns and a half water ;
the Lntr.ince of ihefiiind bun.; well fmih-wei!, one
mile olV them. Nera one mile north, ami the low
point of the round hill, one mile well. The Hope
li.i'. in:; been driven to the catt, came piloted 111 r.exl
(noriii~ii;^. The ytli, the commander went on (liore,
and delivereil his nnijcliv's letter to Nera, to;;eihcr

with a prcknt, bcin.
the bell hcad-p: ce
Ji«ckes's nnil'i;u^' ,

til.' bill <,ilt cup wifli a cmer,
and j;oi';^et, ami one of .\lr.
,-hieh c.lf 25 dollars : it was rc-
ceiicd with the n.oll- (late that had beiii known j but
ih.'V took till next d:;y to ccnl'ider about ih-; pn.pc lals
for leitiin^a f.etorv. The IJutch laluted at Captain
Keilini's landm;/, and a>j;ain at his i;oin;; on board ;
he bonrded ■,;\:S them. The 1 ith, he at. reed for build-
in: lh<ir houfe. ^ '"•'•■ •"" '^' \vent to L'rtatan, to
confer with the pco]ile. where he proniilid to be .-.t

Lantor the Sund,'

illowin;;. The .

in th-' af-

l rnof.n, he was called upon, and went to [,antor,
v.lur'.' b.> deliicrcd tlie kind's letter; the fmall i;ilt
cup with ac(Aer, the tine rilt tari;et, one muliimt
.111(1 abaiiel, wl.icb they rccei\ed with refpiifl. Nik-
htula China (as the Dutch fpy) came on bo.'.rd in
t*e nii;Ht, to advile the con.inaiider how to niana re.
Where the Dutch have a factory, let no man look lor
better mcafurc i largo gifts being nioie rei_'arde<l than
fair d'.alini;.

On the 15th, thol'e of Lantor din.andcd for Sere -
ninan-:, 140 rials of eight, and Captain Keiliiij; rr-
(luired leave to fell his cloth the bed he cou' I, by
feltlim; a price. The priel} was fent from the j.'o-
\criinicnt to demand pavnicnt of whut they called
Kooba, before the Fiv.jlfli traded, which the com-
manilt-r refufed, except upon condition that the whole
cooTV>iv would bind iliunli Ivcs to hail,- him with mace
antl nutmegs, within lour months, at IC3 dollars the
c: tti. I lu prieft taking tiiiij to confider of it, tlu
othtr anfwcrcd that fincc he pcrceucd th.y protiaottd
the artiir, waitinn till the arrival of the Dutch,
(which was now become doubtful, the nioiif(n>n heiiif.'
almoll fpent, and the cail winds be^iniiin;^ alnaJy to
blow) he would not gi\e inorc than 9_) rl.iU ; on
which the rmil WoL bi> leave, who uiidef a vny fair

oiilfide conceaLd abiindaiirc <.f ;',uile. Tlie ifiift,
there arrived three Dutch veli'e'l^, whiih, without
anchoriiii.', (iied tliirly, (ixtctii, and nine pieces o»
cmnon. I'wo of ihele (hips came lioni reiiiate,
having loft Paul Van Carden, their admiral, with
74 men, lakui by the Spaiiiaub. ThcDutihol-
lercd 5000 dollars lor him 1 but relloiing tiic fort of
Machiaii, which lie had formerly taken Iroiti
them."

.At Uiii',ili, the Kni^lilh came to an aivrcemeiit with
the Dim li, with repaid 10 the puluil dilpute, and on
liie 2 jd, the commander made .I'feciet agreement u ii'i
the chiif of I'uloway, to lend a lactoiy thither ( and r,^„„. „
were lorced to lend tiiem jr.o lials, and gave as luluway.
lirapiiKin;;, looriiils, with lour Malayan piiuadncs.
Next d.iy, the Dutch heariii;; of the ajjre. mrnt,
I'oui'ht to |ii;M'nt him. The .oytli there ariived in
the road lix i.uat lliips, and luo fmall piniiates.

— I'lie eoinmamlcr fainted ilieni \, nh iiinB

pieces of canmui, and they aiilwcred uiih three,
riielirllof April, lOoc), lie receuid by the llopf,
from I'uloway, 225 cams and three i|u,irteisof niaee,
and I p7 tatis and a half of iuitmei;s, v.hiehni.icc
(loboULlit) he maiked wiih ii. for cliltir.ction j ih«
41I1, going on board to cure on.- of his ly.-s, uliich
by the heat of the nutmegs, watching, iVc. was
very fore, he kit llle he ule and goods in the care of
Auguliine Sp.ilding. I'iierc .iirivedfrom the Mo-
luccas, tv\o fmall Dulclinien. And now the wind
every inoming,, blew hard callnly. 'I'he 9th, the
Diiieh admiral, W ilii.imfun Varhoef, went on Ihorc
to L'rtatan ; the lU t iiiot 40 piecis of ordnance : his
II. ip but live, lie ddivci ed a letter from Count Mau-
rice, without a pri lent, which, v\ hen the people de-
manded, aiifwcr was made, (as the author was told)
that tli.y h..d one on board: but it was not yet re-
folved what it ihoiilJ be. 'Ihc loth, the .Sha b::ndar,
■;t the comii.on u(|1kII, fcnt for the letter, v^hieh
belli,; in I'oi tugiiele, he peru'ed, and louiul it only
an iiilliunicnt, bimUng, the prime and (tale to ratilv
Inch agrecmiiits as I heir admirals and councils flioulil
make with other powers. It was written on paper,
kaled ui.deiiieaih, and left op.n for all.

J'liey began to briii^ their nutmegs on board, on
'.he nth, being coiiltraincd tlur.-to by il.e Diitcli,
whole intentions v,'... to go on lliore uitliiii a day or
two. To that the Krglilh could neiiher lelect the lie'f,
nor let them be long enough in fueat. On the i.->th,
at night, after th-' 111 ft w.'.t^h, the ftates lent lout
men to .lefne the eoniinamler.s C( inpany inllanlly oil
tliorc ; but he cxcufcd going till next morninu, and
then v.\nt betinus. The SI. ah Haiidar of'Nera,
coming to vilit him on his himliiiij, after inucli
'.alk he propol.d (.is he li.id oilcn done before) the
iorir.il furrer,i!er ol liairla, to ilie life of the king of
Knghind, before the Dutch landed, 01 bei^an their
fort. I hey f eir.ed to like the piopoial well, pio-
mifiiig to coiil'ider, and give an aiilvver the fame day ;
but did not pertoim.

<Jn the i5ih, the Dutch, with twenty boats ti.i;, in, .u!»
landed 12.0 men J the natives lUd. On the iSth, lijiulj,
ihc con.niandcr went on (hnre, and fending for fomc
Dutch rif norr, complained of nianv wrongs he h;ul
received fiiice their arrival, and dmiandid redrels j
ad.liiig, that although the Fnglilh wire not ftron^
enou :li to rigiit 'lunifdvis, yit their kimj would
not luli'er his i'libji .'ts to be injured by their means,
wiilioiit oblainiiigcHiclual fatistaclion : the F'.ni'lilh
loiiiiiiaiidvr at th- f;ime time told them, that not-
vviililiaiuling ilu ir b.hi'v ioiir, he could not hilp ae-
i)uaiiiting them, that the natives iiuendcil to poifon
lhvirw,iter; and hid for th.it reafon, warned him
not lo drink of it. I'hey thanked him, .ind havin;j
bi'n with ih-ir admiral, rc()uclKd the comnniiid, r
liom him to have paiienec, wiih regard to the .ift'air
of rice, till he h..d coiilulieil on the matter. On the
5.oih, the commander went on iliorc to fetch the rice,
in part of Daton Pull's dtbi to ihc company, but the
Dutch had diihonelUy t.'.!.,:i ir, norvvithf'.aiidiiig

the admiral promiied that lie ihuuld have it.

Then

TO (J U 1 N K A A K I) T H F, K A f, f I N' H I V. S.

3'^1

111 FjAnrv It
3i I'uluuay.

f,
II

h, 1'..
lie
I

Kl
s

m
in

c\ ln\ u'9

Then he tlioiipht to have fiipplicd liimidl amony the
J.ivain ; but tlicy diirit not, although he (ifKcrcil mnix'
than the Duicli p,iid, allcJ^ing, that thv Dutch had
chari^cd them not to li.ll him any. At his nturn
hoiiu, fiiiJiiii; the pcrkm whom the admiral had
lormcrly (iiu to him, lie defircd him to tell that rom-
mandcr, that he looked ujion the taking ot his rite,
asai^reut wrimp; j and that if he were a jjcntltiiiaii,
he would not (utter low people to abul'e him, as he
walked iiinong them. 'Ilie pcrfon anl'ivered, that
he was a weaver ; on tlii j the eomniandi r reproved
him, heiny; an Knglilliman in tluir leriice. I'lie
commander took liis pr;nv, and went to l.abatacca,
where he found lucli little bnfincf'!, that it appt;iring
not worth while to keep there, he feiit his ikiff to
biin^ them and their goods away. He went to
Canibay on the zzd, where th • Dutch did llie Knglilli
much wrong, even In their own yard ; when having
fevcral times complained without redrefs, the com-
mander concluded that it was by order from the chief.
(Jn the 24ih, the Dutch began their fort. Next day
one of their pinnaces, whieh came from Piiloway,
could tell him no news of Brown tlierc. On this he
manned his (kitt' and went thither: but found little
(pice. However, the people defired him to (lay at
Ayie I'uti, proniifing to load his (llip, and olKered to
make it death to any one who Ihould (ell one catti of
Ipice to the Dutch. The commander (hewing a
JifKdence, they having onte before deceived him, they
oHcreJ-to entir into articles, and confirm tliem by
oaths. Upon this he propofed their bringing the
goods on board, which they refufed, fearing the
JJutcli. He then offered to (end one Englifhman in
each praw, and to run the rifijuc if the Dutch took
it. Kut they would not hazard their people. On
the 6th, in the moriiiin';, having taken into his boat
fimr fucklesof mace, and many nutmegs, with three
chiefs, in order to mnfer what to do. By the w.iv,
they declared, that if he would not d;al with ihem,
their (pice Ihould rot lipo;! the trees j and they Woiihl
all die, before they \*oiiM trade with the Dutch.
" But (fays the author) they are wirktd iind f.iilhlef-;
Moors ; neither know I what to do ; for it 1 go
to the Molueca^, I mull lofc v.oco dollars owing
here i and trade thie is iincertjin. On the other
lia.iJ, (l.iyinj; two months longer hero, will prevent
}5oin ; to the iVlolurcis." However, ;:t laft he ap,rced
with them. On the 2nth, the chiet being convened,
after many protelta;ions of (inccrity, thcv engaged
by wrllinj;, to deal with him only, for all their (pice
at Pulow.iv, and at Ayre I'uti, and not to fell or
part willi any to the Dutch. I'he Dutch ottered
J 2000 dollars, to make peace with the inhabitants
and drive the Knglilh from thence, which -they
rofufe I, and often earncftly deliieil the commander
not to take it ill, that they prinicted the Dutch to
land and IVU their cloth, whieh tluv did up(m a
particular confuleration no wav mate'-ial lo him.
On the 4th of Mav, the commander went to I'ulo-
wav, wh.-re he found the Dutch ottered cloth at one
Ihinl Kfs than the tjiidilh. He alio met with loco
cattis of nutmc':;'--, and jco cattis of mace, which
they ot I'ulorin had liiUI the Kpnlitti, without letting
the l^ulcli hive one eatii otiiiher. On the 8th, the
Dutch tlure tent to rujuitt the convey. nee of a letter
and a tick man on board their fllip' which the com-
mander promifed : but his nutmegs' being nady to
load, N.^khada {?oa, came fiom the chief to intieat
liini not to carry their man or htler ;■ hut ll y alto
hinil'elf on (tiore, wliidi he retul'il, and prepared to
lettorwaid; of which biiiig infornud, they tent him
word again by the (anie perlbn, that it lie went, they
would (ji^c whatl'oi ver Ik- left behind, and conhder
the En^lilh as en.n. its j upon which he llopp. d. On
the Qtli, the people lent, and defired him to "o on
hoard in four day-. As he was going to bed, there
came a command that tluv lluiuld not (lir cut of
i.oors upon pain of death. Soon after, he heard that
the Dutch were upon their knees to the people,
on ihis, tjoing out armed, he found ihcm oveicomc

wiih fear ; and demamling the caiiTe of cofiiiri; 011
lioaid fo lale ? '1 hey aiUwi ud, tli.it one (f them wa.s
(hot in the leg, as he tle(it in ih 'ir houte, wliicli
cauled them to feck t!ie coininand' r |( r hii|), and ilmt
they weie intercepud by the w.iy. He went honn.'
wiiliihem, and leaviii;; three Ln;.;l;lli with two ul
iheni in their lioule, brouiiht f.vo iir>iM- wiili hi'i;.
On (he lolh, in ihe morning, he caul. d tin' ^oods of
the Dutch (,it lluir eariud re(|ue(l) to In; biought to
his lioiile, at which the natives Iteim d otVeilded.
It was deteimined in council to kill the Dutch ( but
N.ikhada (ioa pielerved their liviS. '(1117 were
eoir.inaiided hv tlie nati\es not to tlir out ol doors,
upon pain of di.ith : the ir }',oods and noney Weii;
legitl.red. The fame evening, maiiv piaw.> Hlhd
with nun, want fiom hence, and on the 12th, at
n.glit, one of them retuimil u:th news th.it tiny had
(lain tile Dutch adniiial and all his prineip.d lol'ow ers.
Next d.iy the commaiuler liad much trouble to kiep tin;
Dutili Irom beiii;^ (lain by thole of Cinipon Anial,
whole Kh.ih IJaiil.ir had been tlain by the Diilih.
Two Dutch piiiii.icts ariiicd on the l.vili, lh>-'
idanders were in great hopes they would have laiul.di
but the conmiandt r ordered his men to f irbid them,
and witli niueh imnaty and d.inger, (aved thole wlui
were on Ihoie, trom being Itain by the people of
Campoii Awrat, who came armed lor that purpoll.
About iK.-m he lent away his (kitf with letteis lioin
the Dutch on the iilanil to tliofe on (hip-board ; and
at night took great pains to preferve the former, by
keeping a caielul watch. Next day the (kitf returned
with aiilwers to the Duteh kiters. On the ifjih,
the Hates confultid, and reiolved, that with the
commander the Dutch Ihould be Cafe, but woii'.d
ntit permit tliim to go on ho.ird their Ihips, He vent
(•n board, and brouijit more letteis 1.1 ihe Duteii,
and, at thehaibom's moi;ili, was hailed bv live Diitcli
thaliops niid nrhir boats. ( 'n the ?o'.h, intheeieii-
iii' , Simon Hoen, theii \ iec-admiial, tame on lu'.'.rd
ihe lleclor, and L'.ave tin- command', r m.uiy thanks
for Ihe kindnels ll.ewtd to the Dutch at I'uhnvav.
At his goin ^ awnv, (even guns were filed. — - C)u
the 7.5111, he m.iiiiud his piaw, and went to La-
bataiea ; where they det'ircd loii.e perfons to
buy their (pice, which he promilid them. The
Dutch liavlii; pulled down his hoiiie, gave him, by
way of fati-.|aCti(m for it, about 150 dollars, bet'ides
torty of Ihe boards. When he w.is going to bed.
Van Berpel, and Samuel Kin.;, cr.me trom the vice-
•adiiiiral to let him know, that th; y h.ad concluded to
allow him a (juiet trade .it l.abatac'ca, except at ludi
times as they Ihould come to lurprile the (amc.
They likewile dcliixd him not to take oHence, if their
boats learch his, to lee if they ainilid their eneinief.
This he took very ill, and to' prevent (uch intoiive-
niei.ties, propoled to trade only at I'ulow.iy and
Hulorin, provided they would p..y him wdiat di tits
Nera and Cumber owed him, amounting to i .• or
i-^co dollars : they promifed 10 pjve an .anfwer the
next day ; and in the niorninp-. Van Hergd brought
him word, that he might trade at Labatacea. Oiuhe
jilt, having gone there to foiwaid buCtncfs ; abcnit
fupper time. Van liergd and Samuil King came on
board. As they defiled to (peak with him in priv.itc,
he went with tliem into his cabin j where, ai'tiT
many compliments, they delivered him a noti- from
the viccadmiral, inifiorting, that he would allow the
Kn;Milh lih-rty to trade, but not to carrv victuals
and amnuiiiition to the people, whom he held lor
enemies: alio, that he iti|iiiicd their boais thoulJ
pat's by his ihips to be liarched ; that olhcrwile they
ihould be le.uchc.l bv force, and both (liip and goods
coiifire:itid. The conimander anl'.vered, that he
would fidlow his commerce ; and tli::t if the otlier
injiired him, it would fall heavy i:|"ii him: that he
had fome rice il ill todit'|iafe of, and intended to tell,
if they did not obltrud him. That for ammunition,
he had in his fliip not above twenty hand-guns, be-
longing to fonie poor men; the tale of which he
neither could, ot would prevent, except they would
7 buy

»^cS.

V O Y A <; E S OF T ir F F. K G I, I ;WI

iflQi)

buy thorn, in which rnfc thry Ainulil hnvc them nt a
reuldiubic piiiL'. That at to fuhniitling to tlicii
Ararch, he could not do it without becoming a traitor
to his princf ( and that he would hn/.ard both life and
fortune, rather than his intecrity (hould be cnlUd in

Siurrtion at his return to Kii;;land. On the ad of
'une, he Cent the vice-admiral and council, a few
ines upon the fame occafion, by AuguUinc Spaldinj;,
fcflcing an amicable agreement. Next day, hf
fcceived a note from the Dutch, who infild'il on
continuing their fcarch ; and offered to buy the
hand-gun<, bm would not permit the rice to l>c
carried. 'I'o which he returned by the mcllcngir, the
following anfwer.

" The Vice-Admiral, M. Simon Johnfon Ilocn,
fcc. of the Dutch fleet, may picafc to know, iliat to
the end to take away al! caufe of quarrel from them
to us, and ftiew the world our honi'lt caufe, and their
wilfulnefs : whereas they will not permit my rice to
be carried to Puloway, I will likcwifc therein con-
fent to them, upon condition that thi v will revoke
their fuppoli'd learcli i and to the end, they (hall
have fome fccurity for the pirformance, I will pafs
my yet uiifiirirted word : or if that (through your in-
credulity) be not fulficitnt, mine oalh unto your de-
puties, or yourfelves, generally at pliafuie, to the
fame effeit. But if herein you will not (through de-
fire of quarrel with the Kn^lilh) confent rt> my rca-
fonable requelt, then be pleafed to know, that I will
(end it at what price or hazard focver. Concerning
our ammunition, I write nothing ■, your purpofc of
hi:ying the fame being prcvcjitioji to your doubts,
which I pray let be done fpetdily for ynur own fatis-
faftion. l"hus I commit you to the Almighty,
who profper your honelt proceedings, as I wiTh to
mine own. )• rom aboard the Heflor, in Banda, this
jd day uf June, 1609. Wiiliam Keeling

They fent him their laff refolution at night (ha
ing called four cc'uncils thereupon) which was, that
they held their determination for the fearch. On
this, the commander confidering their intentions,
nnd that the lealt violence would caufe a total
brcich ; that, in fuvh cafe, fixty-two men could
have no chance againfl a thoiifand, or more, and that
their (hip and gixJs would be in great danger, or at
Icaft be hindered in loading fnices, their fort com-
manding all, he therefore yielded, as by conftraint,
to the li^arch. The 5th he went with the la(l of his
rice to Puloway, the Dutch having lent on board,
and fenrched, to their gi''at vexation : notwithdand-
ing which, thefhip at Lantor beckoned, and called
them on board; herefufing, they faid they would fire;
but they thought better of it. On the 14th, going
to Labatacca, he bought fome fpice, and put off fonie
cloili. On the twenty-fourth, he went to Cumber,
whence he (lowed eieycn fuckles of mace. Hf went
to Lantor the next morning to recover fom; debts,
which were denied him. The 26th, he fent his great
boat for' Puloway, and wenti himfclf to Labat.-ic:;a,
whence he (lowed two fuckles of mace : next da)
the boat returned, with fpice from Pulowav. 1 he
Javaiis began to confer with the Dutch. The 29! h
he went to Cumber, whence he (lowed fourteen fuc-
kles of mace. The ift of July he went thither
again to account with the debtors. 'Che 2d, the
Dutch (with all the (Irength they could raifc, leaving
the (hips and fort weakly manned) went and took
Labatacca, ^\herc they kifled fixteen or tAeiitv per-
I'ons, and burned the towns, bringing awii; pots and
pans. — He fent to Cumber on the 4th, but oni; of his
(luzarats advifed him to go thitiier no mure, becaufc
6

* " The c.immamler, Mr. William Keeling, itiav picafc to
know, that it h^th 1)cen, Iiy our deputies, otf ercd to lnm, that
if he thf.uj;ht j^ood to traniter over to us, the dchis remaining
among the ]3an<lanirc<>, and then \\itlt fricndfliip withdraw
from the road with hi^ flilpb (which himfclf heretofulc hath
paitiv made mention of to foine of us) we are relolvcd to deal I
witli iiiiii ill that Lthalf : and allhuugli this icafunabic propuUI |

they (1, jicited he held inti lli(>en< e with ilie ]1iiuh.

I lie lOth, before .lay, ihe IJ,itih, with tluir w h«de
power, went to get eallward, and then huimd (. »i;-
ral boats, and returning to lake Sahinu., tluy were
thereat much ftiifc about landin;-, not h ho (liquid jio
foremol), but who Oiould Hay li'inj;ill un linard ; by
which, and other mifconduci, thiy were re| ullul w iili
the loll of fix men, befides many hurt, aiiiiinr wli> m,
the governor, Mr. J.icnb de Bitter, behaved hraslv.
Afterwards, Matthew Porter, 'vith others, goiii on
iliore, one lent thccoinmandei wotd by hiiii, that the
Dutch defigncd to fei/,e him, af> 'd, iicd him to louk
well to himlelf, and the (liip ; the reafoii ihrv alledgeil
for this was, that the two picceding nigiits, iht-
Kngli(h made figns (which were anfwered by tlir
pcopk from (hore) of the Dutch preparation ti.
land. 'I'hc 17111, the Dutch feut Van Hcrgel and
Samuel King on board the Kedior, rc<iuelling to
know when the commander intended to dep.iit. As
he was delayed at Puloway, he could not faiish-
them : then offering to make good all liis dehts if !)_•
would he gone fptedily, he refulifd, f.iyiii!:, that tlw
company would not teel fo fmall a lols ; iind that Iv
could not anfwer Itich dtfertion nt home, cfpeci.iHv
after having (laid till his lading was ie:iily. ■('Iiey
had likewile fome talk toncerning the preiend-J (ii--
nals above-mentioned; atlirmuig th.it the F.iielilh
made thcin two nights together, that mr.ny 1! puii-
tions were taken on this ; alio, that one ol his nu i>,
w.is in their fort the d.y hefo:c. lleini; i!lk. d, whv
they made figns to the country, he aiilwereil, ili„t tluy
had reaUin fu to do, (iiicc tlic coiintiy w.is l.i iiiiicii
indebted to them, and the Dutch gave tlieiii all tin-
obllrudion they could. The coiniiiander, provoked
at their behaviour, alio defied tliem to piuvu wli.--t
they had alledgcd, and bade them go on then oivn w.iv.
However, that he might take i.H all grouiiJ of le li-
cion, he offeicd to go to Laboan Java, wliiie lie could
neither know any thing of tlicii motion.', nor make
(igns to prejudice them. On the 2bth, in the ;'lier-
noon, the Dutch fent m.'iy of their cheis 011
board him, who, at full, demanded kindly, WiieiheT
he continued in his former deierniiMatum of l.iJiii'
there ? Having anfwered, that he did, iliey JelireU
him to refolve to depart in lrieiulih:,i ; he replieJ,
that now fpice was ready, he hoped to t.et a a ay in
twenty days. They delivered him a letter from theif
Vice Admiral and Council,* to whuli they I'ubjjineJ
the loUowing remonftiancc.

" On the iKth of April, the worntipful Ai\-
miial Peter Williamfon Van Moef, li.iviiie, anchored
with his fleet, in the illand of Banda ; aiul there be-
ing informed by the merchants ol the uiiiii.d K.iit
(ndia company, that tlicy were, by the inhabitants it
Banda, daily ilraitened and molellcd ; and alio foine-
times dil'poflelled of their cloths and nierelundilV,
which they took at fuch rates as they plealeJ, pav-
ing for them when, and in what inanner thev th(iu;;ht
proper; whereby they lucanie indtbted tu the I'.U:
India company, above 20,000 rials of eight, with-
out intention to difchargc the fame. And farther,
that the people had lived in a very doubtful litiia-
tion, being daily in fear, led they (lioiild work their
dcdruftion, ns they ilid hut a few au'o, hatini; mur-
dered our merchants, ami by force tukc olheI^ ; and,
according to their cuAoni, mailc hcat.iens of them.

" Therefore the admiral aforcfaid, was moved by
all friendly means, to biiilil .. caftle or forlrcfs, tliat
the people and merchandili: might rell in better fc-
curity, both againil thePortugueic, and all other eiio-
mies ; which, by moft of the chief Oiancayas, w.is
conlented to, and on this have we proceeded to ered

a for-

is hy us made to him, to avoid nuarrcl, yet ha:h tiic cnmmandcr
aforcfaid 'cttifcd to accept the lame; nntwillilUndiii)^. we liit^
fufficii-nt ocealion ti> command him, wi:h hi^ l.iiil Iliiiv.iD wnh-
draw troni diis (load and our fleet, ot - t-t the re.ic!i ol the t'or-
trefs of Ntlfau. And that the commaii-VT may ui:d. rlland the
reafon which moved ui lu the fame, vvs hive at larj^u iem<aQ<
lliaieU die fauii;."

H
f

to OtJINEA AND THE EAST INDli. S.

i»s

• forJrcfi, which bting ahout half fiiiiflu.l, thi- Ail-
miral Viin HiK-n abovilaid, prdciinJ a cinivcniidii nl
the chief (Jf:itic;iya'i, ;iiiil cuuruil nt the iflu of
}|,inda, to Mici't liiiii aiiil ntlurs nt the rmincil, at
Ratu, thereto havceiitcrcil into a fiiiiully treaty ami
agieement with them, to which ctliCl, the aihiii-
ral iioiiuiialii.1 the fifcal, or jullice of the fleil, hi -
fliles others uf gooil accutiiU, as hoOage^, to toiuiinn'
at Keyacca, that thiy might, with Ul's f>.ar or re
ftraiMi, coiiK- to lucei hiiii.

" Accoriliiiyly, the aJiniral, witli fivcral of his
routicil, ami a company of foldicrs, the 72d of May,
161J1), came to Ratu, the appoiiiteil place of con-
vention. Being there, a IS.imlaneIc approacheil him
out of th" wood, who told him, that the Oran-
cayas, and nllier chiefs of the i(li>, were near at
hand in the wur, !-, but were fo fearful of the fol-
diers, that they durft not come to him i and then. fore
prayed him anil his council to come to them, which
they accordini;ly did, leaving hi , foldiers at the place
of rcnde/.vous, and being entjred amongll them, found
the woods crowded with arimd blacks, 15aiulanefe, and
Orancayas, who inUantly furrounded them, and
without much conference, treacherouflv and villain-
oufly mad'acrcd them, giving each of our chiefs not
Icfs than 20 wounds. I'his (tratag.iii having fuo-
ceciled, they prcfently ad'aulted the coni|aiiy of f<d-
Hiers, intending to have ferved them the l.inic i but
they partly in tear, and fulpccling Come treachery,
having kept upoi\ their guard, emountercd the enemy,
who at length, betook themfelies to their belt refuge,
with the lolsof fomu of their chiefs, and fo fled to
Cayas, and there had murdered the tifcal, or juibiee
aforefaid, with the rcll of the hoUages, behde.-. di-
vers of our people, who were walking into the woods
to gather cocoa-nuts j infomuch, that on this occa-
fioii, ibove 40 of our people were murdered by the
Dandancfe, contrary to their oaths and proniifes ;
which ailion provoked us to take all pi (lible reveiu.e
againft thofe treacherous and inhuman illaiideis, ,uu]
urge us to profccutc the prel'ent bloody war." — They
conclude thus :

" We, by virtue of our commiflion and patent of
his princely excellency, order the Knglilh com-
mander to withdraw with his (hip our of our road and
fleet, and beyond the reach of the artillery of the
fortrefsof Nailau, within the fpace of hve days, after
the date hereof : and iualmuch as we have conquered
by force of arms the iflaiid of Nera, we alio claim and
hold the roads belonging thereto, as the road of La-
batacca, ^e. to be under our command, and will not
permit any (during our war with the IJanJaiiefe) to
anchor there.

" Accordingly it is ordained, and abfolutcly rc-
folvcd upon by the vice admiral, and the refidiie of
the council, in theftiip of Hollandia, in the road of
Danda, the 2!Jthof July, 1609.

" Simon Jahnfon Hoer, Jacob dc ISithrr, Henry
Van Bergel, John Cornelilon Wytt, William Ja-
cobfon, Simon Martens, Rul;>er I'omaireii, Mar-
lahcn, l6c(), William Vandervort, alias Secret."

The admiral briefly anfwcred to their remonllrance
by word of mouth, That he could notjuftify his de-
parting in fiieh a manner, his lading being then ready ;
and that unlefs he was otherwife commaiivled than by
Words, he would ride there till he was laden, which
would be witliin 25 d.-.ys at firthelf. They alledged.
That this their notification to him was fulhcieiit ; to
which he replied, That rafli men often threatened to
do, what they durft not for their livfs perform. Hi"
fired five parting guns. The Kjlh he fent his flcift'
for I'liloway, to lock out for a road there. Van
Bergel coming on board to fcarch the boat, the
commander delired him to tell the vice-admiral, that
he would leave a factory at Pulmvay in cafe of con-
ftraint, and that without conllraint he would not de-
part iVom th:nce. The 20th, about one in the morn-
ing, the (kilK returned from Piiloway, without any
account of the debts or inventory of good?, which
was the principil caufc of his wriliii;;. He (who

Vol. I. N' j2.

was f nt on the nu fl'i;;i
pi Dpie were willing tn
15 or 20 d.iys( .uul
"iiloway.

) br"u-l't »M'iil only, tl. t il,-
My ihiir ill Ills if b" colli ' (1. y '
oH'ertd him tluir belt roa.l at
The iJiiteh ,ilur tlii^ianie lo fonie aj;rie-
mi'iit with him for the time of f.s ll.iy, ai.il liu llir
ill bis : to uliich he was invited In ihi' moiilnon, .iiul
till- trade nhieli he already h;i.!. 'I'iie firll of Augiid,
pi.ue was pri claimed betwixt the Dutch .inJ thp
illaiidiT-, vvhiih \\a« a nul.ii'ihidy arvm. nt of (hi?
I'lil 1 way men's bre;;kiiigv.'iili il,' I ji!-;lifli. I iie Diilch
feiit the cumniander a Uuer of credit, li.r diiihai;;-
im; the debts left at B.iiula, payable at lljntam, iiiij
th.it e\i.ning firid no Ids tliaii 150 ['iins lur joy
of the pcaic. L'pon the governors tained intriaty
h- wi lit to ficth' butch fort i it was mounted wli'l
,i 1 pi ces of oidiiance, of wliiih ei ;,ht wi r/ very ^I'ud
brais di.nii-caiinons. The I4>h, having lent hisboic
(o fetch away ';ood>, tli'.re reiui ii'.-l with it a f.ri.uil.
of N.K hada < iii/arat, by whom he undeillood, that
the I'uloways were'rilidved not to Lt him have .my
more fpice, except llniie Hi lie to ;;lijiV over iheir fi-
laey to the l\iii;lilh ; therefole he lu.t his boat fur
Brown, and lirid five guns to warn his people oit
board: the idaiulers n.;t peiceiving that he wasol-
feiuled at their ill-dealinijs, Atler the fecond I'um-
mons, Brown came, but without Spaldinj, whom
th.-y would not p.irt with till the coinm:iniIi.r went on
dioie; therefore he Hood .iLViin to the laftsv.ird, near
tile town, and the king of Macallar came on board
him, bringing Spalding, and the thrie Dutch on
board, 'I'he loih he \vei,;hed a h.ilf hundred by his
ordinary B inda beam, and it weighed nine cattis and a
half; which it appears that tlu catti weighs l\\e
pound f lurteen ounces and a hall", avoirdupois. Mu
weighed alfo thefingle catti, which made live pounds
fourteen ounces and a hair', avoirdupois. The iith,
they anchored near .Macallar, upon Celebes, being vei y .
defirous tog) thither, in hopes, as he was in informeif,
of getting cloves there in exchange for cloth. The
i2ih, having ftnt hisfkitF armed, to enquire where-
abouts they were, he found, that M.caflar was y t
half a day's fail to the north, and that three months
before, a Duleh lliip was loft in fight of the town ;
upon which report, they gave over thedifign of going
Ihiilier. 'i'he 21ft they 1 nehoicd before Jaccatr.i,
where they found the Banda, and Enkliuilen, two
Dutch ihips, whi.h broutht the I'.nglifli in the
Hope and their gouds from Aiiiboyn.i, hiving arrived
eiglit days before. 'I'hc 261I1, coming ne.n ti'.e point
of Bantam, they itiet a praw u ith Ralph Hearnc, feiit
by Mr. John Saris, who had icady J+Hi bags of pep-
per. H.iving got betimes in i he load, S. ins came on
doard the Heilor in a Dutch boat. On the 23d the
commander having; taken in .[OCO bags of pepper,
propofed leaving a factory, which was confented to. „
'I'he 27lh he appointed a factory at Bantam, adign-jj'"-
ing the faiSor AuL,uftine SpaKliiig 50I. fterling a year j
and the reft per montli as folio,, s : I'rancis Kelly, fur-
geon, 45 Oiillings; John I'aifons jo lliillin^'S, Ro-
bert Neal, 21) Ihillings, Aiigulline Adwcll, 24 ilul-
lings J lOtheldrcd I.ampre and \\'illiain I')river 20
fhillings each; William \V'ilfon, 22 ftiillings a
month; William l.amwrll and Philip Badnedg 16
niillings each ; I'lancifeo Domingo 20 Ihillings ;
Juan Sevron, and Adrian, Mr. Towcrfon's boy, 10
Ihillings eacli a month. He alio hired fix perfons to
gowiiii him to England. The fecond of Uiitoher
the commander took his leave of the governor, anil
defiled his favour to the faClor, which he proiniled
with much ftiew of fincerity.

Karly on the 3d he wentonjioard in order to put to
ff.i. 'I'he firft of November, having in 24 days run
about 250 le.igiies from Bantam, th. y were in 25
dcgices fouth latitude, the lucdle varying 24 degrees.
The 29th they had all day a Urong gale of wind,
which, tow a|■d^ night, prow ,1 a llorm at weft foiith-
wcft from the northward, and put them to try their
main courfe, continuing all nir.ht, .ahd the next day.
On this occafion (as often before) they found the
obfcrvation really to be true. That is, generally
5 U when

lilli fac-
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Photographic

Sciences

Corporation

23 WEST MAIN STREET

WEBSTER, N.Y. MSM

(716) 872-4503

a>^

JOG

VOYAGES OF THE ENGLISfl

I*)'!! \vlii:n .inv c.irtfily wind comes about to ihc north-
> ' w'.uil, it' it iinppciis to rain, prcfcntly veering rounJ
to tlic weft-foiith-wcft, it there fettles. They win
in tliiity-two dtgrecs and a half fouth, wlien tl.e
ftorm took them, and had about thirty degrees
variation and upwards. On the 8th of Ueceniher,
early in th: morning, they fell in with Tierra de
N.ital, fix leagues oft" to the weft, where tlic
v.iriation was about eight degrees and a half. They
were at noon in thirty-one degrees twenty- fevcn
minutes Iniiiudc, (tandlnp; louth-louth-eaft, wind at
fouth-wift, undci low faiU. They met a Dutchman,
and undcrllood by liiin, that the Erafnius, (a ftiip
of t!ie fleet, which left liantam at the commander's
firll arrival there, in the Dragon) being very leaky
at fca, all] left by the reft, fteered for the ifland
Mauritius ; and tliere unl.uliiig, kft the goods,
with tvvcny-fivc perfnns to gu.^.rd the fame, till they
fllouKi !h iViit for i the reft of her comp.uiy bein;;
now in this fliip. He faid at Mauritius, tliere vure two
haven', one called the north-weft, lying in fome-
what Kfs than twenty degrees; the iouih-enft, in
twenty degrees fii'.cen minutes. That all kinds of
refreftiment-. were there to be had, as fifli, with a
number of fowls ; here were ho<TS alio, and the
place was very heahhful. 'I'hat the illaiid was between
thirty and forty K.i;;ues in circuit : ;:n(l the variation
there iwenty-one degrees norih-wefling.

On the J2d, they were in the latitude of tliirty-
fi.'e degrees, twenty-eiglit n,inutL-s, and within fevin
leaj'ursto tlie fi<iith-eiift ot C'tipe de- Ajiuillns, which
role like two ifles ; but coming more athwart, it
appeared like three illands) two bavs to the north,
making three periiiieuous points, low, and feeming
loiind ; ihey founded about kven in the evening, and
liad fevenlvfiven fathoms water, oozy ground, being
fouth fjl the (horc, fi\c le.'.gues at mort : they
obfcrvod the fun's fetting, and Iniind fniall variatitui,
having twenty-eight degrees and a half fouth of the
weft Azimuth j their latitude being about thirtv-five
degiees twcnty-fix minutes. On the 23d, they
iVivied all ni:;ht weft-by-nortb, and wtft-north-
v/eft, w.th a frtfti caftrrly sale; and in the morning,
failed in fight of the land, which was high, about

11 eight or ten leagues diftam. Abou
were near thr Cape of Good Hope, h

ut noon, thff

having r»:ii b:-

tween it and Capj des Aguillas, in feventien Ijours.

They werV w ithin three leagues of the .Sugar Loaf,
and ftood oft" and on all night. On the 2Slh, they
received by the Dutch boat, fix flicep (the fatteft the
authjr ever law) from the illand ; the tail of one
of them, was twenty-eight inches broad, and weigljcJ
thiity-five pounds. The comnrander alf.i bought of
the Dutch, amain top-fail, (« hich his (hip was in
great want of) they were very ready in other rifpeits,
to tupply his wafils. He look fat llieep Itft In I'en-
guiii Ill.ind, and left lean ones in their loom : he Kftji
note alio there of his nriival, and the ftaic of his
comp.iny, as others had done before. On the itih
of Januaiy, in the morning, his (liip wat
und.i fail homeward. All the time he llaid tliere,
the wind had been weflerly.and foulherly : an<l
the two former times, that he was there, at
till' fame feafon, it blew eafterly and was very
ftormv. On the 2Cth, tl-ry p:iftcd the Tropic of
Capricon, about noon. The ])uleh came and fup-
pid «ith him, and he fired iliree parting .guns.
On the 30th, before day, tluy faw St. Helena,
having (teered fixty-fix leagues well in that l.ititudc.

I'll y anchored on the norih-utft fide, a mile from
fllore, nnrth-weft from the eh.ipel, in t«cnty-two
fathoms, findy giiuiiid. On the 16th of February,
they l.r.v the illaiul of A(cenfi(>n, feven or eight
leagues well-fuiith-weft fioni them. On tlic aHth,
in tlic mr-rning, the wind being pretty fair, they
fteered v.'ith the Dutchmen. On the loili of Alay,
they h.id veiy fair weather, wind foiiih-weft,
latitude forty-nine degrees thirteen minutes. Next
day, betimes in the niotning, the w ad came at
fouth, and blew a hard ftoim, which put them into
tluir fore eouife. At night, ihcy Ipokc with a
I.iibrcktr, who told ihein, that Scilly boic caft-by-
iiorth from thun, thirty-eight Dutch miles. They
gave him notice of the diftreffid fhip. On llie
gth, in the morniiif, they had beaehy land to
the north-norlh-eaft, thri-c le.nues diilanlj unJ
about fun-fet anchored in the Downs.

THE VOYAGE of CAPTAIN DAVID MIDDLETON,
TO BANTAM and'the MOLUCCAS.

MR. David Middlcton was Captain of the
Confent, one of the three (hips belonging to
Captain Kccling's fleet : but fetting out firit, and
not meeting with fhc other two at the place of
rendezvous, went on, and pcrfoimcd the voyage
alone. The Confent was a (hip of 150 toi.s ;
and failed from the Hope, on the 12th of March,
i6c6.

On the 16th of July, 1607, they anchored in
the bay of Saldanna, all their men in good health ;
only Peter Lambert, the day before, was killed by a
fall from the tnp-maft head. On the 21ft, the
captain and niafter went to Penguin illand, three
Itagiics diftant from the road, where they faw .m
amazing quantity of feals and penguins. Here hav-
ing bought fomc cattle,, and refrefhed, about four in
the moining, with very little wind, they left the
road of Saldanna, their men being in very good
hcalih. They were loth to depart without the- com-
pany of their admiral and vice-admiral : but not
being certain of their arrival there, diredlcd their
coiirie fcr St. Lawrence.

On tiic 27th of Auguft, the wind being at
norih-wcft, they ftee(i,'d caft-by-1'uuth, and ai two

o'clock, faw the land of St, Lawrence, or Madagaf.
car, about, fix leagues oft"; then bearing notth-by-
wcft, at noon they obfervcd the latitude to be
twenty-four degrees forty minutes ; and the variation
at night, fixteen degrees twenty-three minutes.
On the 30tli, at five in the afternoon, they anchored
in the hay of St. Auguftine, in fix fathoms and a half,
large gravel. They were forced to go to leeward,
being to roomwaids of the road, before they could get
in, by rcafon of a great breach that lies oft" the bay^
and then came in clofe upon a track, having had
(even, fix and five fathoms all i.e w,iy. On the 31ft,
the Captain, with Mr. Davis, went in their Irng
boat to view the idands; and the author as they
went, founded clofe by the beach, and had fix
fathoms. One of the illands is very fmall, like a
bank of fand ; the other about a mile in length, and
h.ilf in breadth. There is nothing upon either, but
a little wood in the latter. On the iH of Sep-
tember, they icmoved three leagues from their firft
place, within two miles of the mouth of the river,
and rode in five fathoms and a half, very firin around.
It being very foul where thry ri.de luforc, they
broke one of thcit cables in weighing. On the i7ih,

hiivinjj

TO GUINEA AND THE EAST INDIES.

having provided wochI and water, in tlic morning
about five they dc|i:irtLj with a plcafant gale, at cift-
by-nortli. Coniini; out, they ileered well and weft-
by-north, till thty were clear of the bleaches. 'I'hiy
brought to fea willi them, four goats, three (hcep,
and a young hicfcr. 'I'hcy found there great plenty
both of flieep and beeves, for a Imall value. This
Jay, about three miles from the ifland, before the
bay of St. Augudine, tlicy obfervcd the latitude
twenty-three degrees forty-eight minutes. After they
were clear of the breach, which lies to the northward
of the iflc, they fteered away fouth-fouth-wcft, and
fouth-hy- weft ; fometimes they had very fair weather,
and a pleafant gale at foutli-eaft-by-caft. On the
nth, having a frefli g.de at fouth-eaft, .Tnd louth-
by-caft, they ftooJ towards the fliore till midnight,
and then faw a great breach, right-a-head, clofc hy
them, but having thc.furf before they faw it, they
tacked, and ftixjd ofF again prcfently. At noon,
they found the latitude twenty-five digrecs twenty-
two minutes. On the I7.th of Nomuber, in the
morning, they faw an ifland, and bearing with
the north-fidi', found it to be Ingana. It is about
five leagues in length, Ivingeaft-by-fimth, and weft-
by-north. The eallcrn end is the highi.ll land ; and
the weftern full of trees : Its latitude is five degrees
and a half, the variation four degrees, thirteen
minutes. Having the wind at wcft-north-weft, they
proceeded without ftopping, calf-by-louth, and
eaft-fouth.-eaft, a pleafant gale, but very much rain.
On the 13th, in the mornin^^, they had fi^iht of Su-
matra, about four leagues diftant. Saturday, the
14th, they anchored in JJantam road, about (our in
the afternoon ; where they found the merchants in
health, and all things in good order. Next day the
captain went on fliore, and I'polcc with Mr. Towerfon,
concerning the ftiip's bufinel's, and .agreed to have
the iron and lead which they brought, carrii.d on
Ihorc : after this, having refitted their fliip, and
taken in their goods and merchants, they fct fail for
the Moluccas, where they arrived the beginning of
January. The reft of this month, and all the next
was fpent in mutual entertainments with the Spani-
ards, and Molucca princes. The realbn was, the
Spaniards durft not permit them to trade, till the
camp matter had given leave ; and he would not grant
it, unlefs the Englifti, in thofe broils betwixt him
and the Dutch, would do, or fecm to do them foine
piece of fervice, at leaft, by accompanying their
ihips for greater (hew : which the captain abfolutely
refuli^l to do, as being againft his lommiflion. In
the mean time, they carried on a private trade with
the people by night J and in the day, m.ide merry
with the Spaniards. In the beginning of March,
they were allowed an open trade : but within a few
days this licence was countermanded again, and they
were ordered to depart. .\ccordingly, Rlarch the
14th, they weighed anchor, and fct fail, trading a
little by the way. On the zjd, having entered the
Strelghts of Bengaya, where the capt.iin propofcd to
take in \^ater, there came an Indian in a praw,
haftily from the ifland to the fhip ; who being alked
the queftion, undertook to bring them to a watering
pl.ice, on which they ftooil over for the eaftcrn fliore,
and anchored about one in the afternoon, in (ixty
fathoms water ; where there runs a very ftrong cur-
rent. Here, while they were fitting out the boat
with cafks ; the Indian fold fome frefh fifh for China
dilhcs very cheap. , At night, their men brought
water; but had a wearilbme time of it, being five
miles diftant (torn the place where they rode. On
the 24th, in the morning, they went again for more
water, by d.iy-brcak, the iflanders of both fexes came
with above 100 praws, and brought plenty of very
good fi;h, both dry and frcfli ; alfo both poultry and
nogs, gre.at and fmall, which they fold for co.irfe
white cloth and China difhes, all very cheap : they
brought alfo plantanes, cafTida roots, and many
other fruits. In the afternoon, the king and the
captain made each other prcfcnti. Then the mcl-

fenger, and all the reft dcpnrteil. About ten at
night, in weigliing anchor, tlu y broke the fluoks if
both their ftaiboard anchors. I hen failii,. a\(;iy,
with very liltle wind, atl.ngth tin v nianiud tlnir
loiig-bu.it, and towed the flup ;ill iii.'i'. On the
igtii of Apiil, the king feiit one v( Kis brot!;ir'
.igiiin, to know whether the ca|)tain w.s willm;.; he
(hould come on board ; being verv defircu-. to lie bush
him and the ftiip; becaule he h.;d heard much of
Englifhin'-ii, but never f.iw aiiv. lie t. lin imt
him word, that he fliould tliir.k hir..i.il niiieh
honoured by his prefenee. Soon alter, i!ie king
came oil' in his taricol, rowed at Uall by i o oar^,
it carried fix hiafs gun>i and had on b<):i:d about
400 men with arms. He w:i.> attended by live c ari-
cols more, which had at lealt '." C 'rien in tluiii,
the captain having ient Frai; Ji^' !' .Uy the furgemi,
as a pledge, which he deniamicv. for his fecinily, lie
came on board : where lh>." '•aplain couiteouily re-
ceived, and treated him with a baniinet of 1 weeiiiitats.
After which, he ileinandcd what the king h.id to fell,
he replied, that he had pearl, torti.ile-flii.lls and
cloth, made in the country, (as they fuppoftd) of
cotton llripcd : hut as he came into that part of the
ifland only upon a party of plcal'ure, ; nd did not
think to have met with any Ihip, he hail brought
none with him ; yet that if the capt'.in pleated to go
to the town, which was about a day and a nights
failing thence, he ftiould fee great (juintitiesof pearl,
and any thing he had to li-ll ; adding, th.it becaule the
place was unknown to him, he would fend a pilot
to bring him thither. The captain and f.'.ctois,
upon confidering the matter, thought belt to accept
of the kind oiler, elpecially as it was nothing out of
the way to Hantani j and prcfented him a mufquet
aiidafrtord, with thanks for coming on hoard. The
king made anfwer, that he had not any tliinj then
about him, worth beftoning on the captain, but
that he would requite his kindnefs before his depar-
ture ; and in the mean time, intieated him to acecpt
of two pieces of cloth, which he received with many
thanks : about three in the afternoon, the king took
his leave of the captain, promifing prefently to fend
him a pilot, who accordini^ly came on board ; and
at night, fent a caricol to frc if they wanted any
thing, and to bear them company, with ' boat for
the captain. 'i'hen they flood away with a fmall
gale; but at night it was calm, and the tide againft
them : fo they came to anchor in twenty-two fathoms
water, and in the morning weighed again On the
2 1 ft, about ten o'clock, the purler, who had been
fent on (hore the day before, returned on board with
hens and cocoas, and told them, that the Indiana '■^d
carried him to the king, who was very glad of his
coming, becaufe he was the firft Engliflnnan he
had ever feen. The purfer found him drinking and
caroufing with his nobles, and the room hung
about with heads of men whom lu had flain in war.
After fome little flay, he took his leave and came to
the caricol again, on board which he lay all that
night. This night, the fliip anchored in twenty
fathoms water, the place not half a mile broad. On
the 2 2d, in the morning, there being very little wind,
ftie was towed by her boat through the ftreights, and
as the tide was with her, flie made fueh way, that
about eleven, they came to anchor in twenty-five
fathoms water, about one mile and a half from the
town, where they waited the king's coming: but he
came not that night. Here they lent their bo.it oil
fliore, and bought fifli for their company. On the
23d, about one In the afternoon, the king came up
under their ftcrn, attended by forty caricols, and
rowed round their ftiip, very gallantly fet forth
with their colours and pendants. After this, they
rowed towards the town, and the captain compli-
mented him with a volley of mufquets, . and all his
ordnance ) then ordering his long boat to he
manned, he well accompanied with Mr. Sr.ddio
their faflor, and his followers, went to the town.
The king likewifc welcgmed the captain with his
-. ,. . Sreat

i'.-'^

3<S8

VOYAGES OF tHE feNGI, ISIf

ibri)

past .inil fiiiall fliot, affftmin;; thit his heart was now
.11 reft, fiiicehc hadleen the Kiielifli, promifing todo
the Knglifh all the kindiicfs that lay in his power j
the captain having returned him ihanlcs, for that time
look his leave, and in the morning weighed, and an-
chi^red in about 2~ fathoms water, half a mile from
fliore. The a+th in the mornin;j; there came on board
a javan who had ajunk in the loail, laden with cloves,
(rom Aniboyna i Mr. Middlcton talked with him,

and ortercd the captain his whole carL;o. The king

invited the captain to take part of his dinner, entreat-
ing him to bear with the hiiniely manner of his coun-
try : for their meat was fcrved up in great wooden
platters clofc covered with cloth. The king, the cap-
tain, and Mr. Siddal, dined together : there was
plenty of victuals, their drink was very pleafant,
and the king was verv merry. Afterdinner, they had
fonie talk about the cloves they were to have had ; and
promifing to come onboard himfelf the next day, or
li.'nd fume one of his attendants, to fee a mufter of all
his cloth ; then the captain exprcflin"; great thanks,
look his leave. I he 25th the king's uncle came on
board to fie their Ihip, and was kindly entertained.
After him came the kintr's brother, and (laid to din-
ner with the captain, and then took his leave. I'he
king himlelf came not as they cxpiiSed, but fent his
Ion and the pilot, and had a view of the cloth, which
liiev liked very well.

On the 2&tli the king and his fon came on board.

and dined with the captain, and had plenty of {(ood
cheer J the king was very men y, .TnJ defiiuu, to fee
a little dancing. On this fume of th: f.iilors danced
before him, and he was well pleaCtl, b i.li with their
peiformancf and the mufic. At ni ;ht the king'*
uncle lent the captain four faiho'js. The 27th, t!^e
kingof an adj.iccnt idand c.T;nc in his caraval, with
his wife, and viewed their lliip, but they cculd not
intreat him to conte on board. Their fttiji being fully
laden with cloves, bought in this phc of the Ja-
vans, the captain purchjled fomc llaves of the kin,',
one of whom, while lh«y were bufy this ni^^ht, ilulc
out of the captain's cabin door, and Itipinj into the
fea fwam aihorc. Next morning the c.iptain fent
Auguftine Spalding to acquaint the king with it,
who prcfently fent him another. May the 21I, hav-
ing given the town a falute for a f.ircwel, t'.ieyfet
fail for their wifticd for port of Hantam. Tlic 3J
they had fight of the flreignts of Celebes. Tiie J2d,
they anchored in Hantam road, where they found
not one European ihip in the road : but tluie were
four junks, which came from China, with t;iH'.ita!,
d miartcs, and many other nierchaniiifes.

The 15th of July, i6t'H, lli: capl.iin an 1 mer-
clinnts, hiving difpatthed their biifmefs, tnuk their
leaves, and fet fail homewards to thii native coun-
try, where they arrived in fafely after their long ard
tedious voyage.

THE VOYAGE of CAPTAIN ALEXANDER SHARPEY, in i6oi.

THERE were two larje fhips employed on this
voyags. TheAfctnnon, admiral, commanded
by Alcxaneer Sharpcy ; and the Union, vice-admiral ;
Captain R.chard Rowles, lieutenant-general. As
thcliMeHlls feparatcd ne.ir the Cape of (iood Hope,
and the Afecnfion was caft away in the bay of Cam-
baya, fo they m.w be faivl to have made diflercnt
voyages j of whicli we meet with different relations. *
On the l+th of March, weighing anchor at Wool-
wich, they came into the downs, over-.-.gainft De.il,
three miles from Saiulwich, where they Ifaid till the
25th, and failed to I'lymouth i leaving whicli on the
Jilt with a fair gale, they arrived at S.dv.ages, about
500 leagues from thence, on the lOth of April ; and
next morning e imc in fight of the Grand Canaries.
Carting anchor the 12th at night, they fired a gun, for
a boat to come on board ; but the Spaniards appre-
hending they were part of a fquadton of 12 fliips of
l''leniniin;!S, who were reported to be coming that
wav, itiltead of fending any perfon to them, fent
jnto the country for a body of 150 horfe and foot to
defend the place ; nor could they be pcrfuadcd otlier-
wifc', tilltwoof the faftors went on fliore, and ac-
ijinintcd the Spaniards they were Englifti fliips which
h.ad tout hcd there only to take in fomc neccllXries. —
Next morning, (as the manner there is) they fired
another gun, and then the governor of the town lent
a boat to know what they wanted, which having ac -
c|iiaint(d hini with, the aiifwer was, that unlefs they
came into the road, it was not in his power to relieve
them. But the (adors being examined on oath, as to
thetiuih of the matter, had a warrant granted them

* There arc cxtint twe tccoueti of the voyige of the Af-
««iificn I cine written l»v Cant. Kolicrt Covcrte, an<l the other
Ly I'lirimris Jvinc ; tKfitlts ctlicr fupplenicntal accounts.

t During tlic live <lay< ilic aitniital conlinueil there, fomc of
ihcni vveiu un linaril every ilay, anil ate and drank wiili the
l;'i<|^!ilhafici ihc r utvn msnou. The governor hail aiiulprcfcnt

for a boat to go on board the {hips at pleafure, and fup-
ply their wants. What they nioft wondered at was,
the behaviour of thole on hoard two fhips in the road,
known by their flags to he Englifh, who had not the
kiodncfs to apprife them of theculloms of thole lub-
tile covetous people, as the author calls the Spaniards.
On this occafion he further remarks. That if a fliip
lie out of the road, no perfon, though of the fame
nation it belongs to, fliall go on board it, without the
confent of tlie governor aiul eouncil.f

The i8ih of April, about I'eveii in the morning,
they fet fail, with a fair gale, which in three hours
falling, heaving to and fio till th<' uil), and then %
briflc wind fpringing up, the 27th, about two in the
morning, they anchoiid at Mayo, about 3C0 leagues

from the Canaries. They determined to take

in frefli water at a place called Uonavilla; but
having anchored there, they found it two or three
miles up in the land, and not clear ) fo that they
took the lefs. But there were iilhcr good commodi-
ties. At their arrival, they were told by two negios
that they might have as many goats as they would
gratis i and accordingly they had about 2cc, for both
fliips. They told them alio, that there were but 12
men in the ifland, and that there was great plenty of
fait growing out of the ground, Co that if they pleafcd
they might lade both their fliips. Our author fays it
was excellent white fait, and as clear as ever he faw
any in England.

I'hey came to Saldanna, with all their men in good
health, except two, who were touched a little with
the fcurvy, but foon recovered on flior*. The fame

7 J^y

of iwochecrci, a L'ammon of bacon, and five or fii lurrcli of
pickled fiiAer^, wliicli he accepted of veiy kliully; and in re-
turn, lenr them two or three g4>ats ami flictp, wiih plenty of
onions. Th-ieihcy took in fiefli water, canan, mariii.ilade uf
r|uinccs, urangci, Icniuni, rjuince^, white lircad, and uihcr
pruvifioni.

jurs

the

ake
but

ty of

:afcii

vs it

faw

good

with

fame

(lay

els of
n rc-

itv l>f
l.lc of

uthcr

TO GUINEA AND THE EAST INDIES.

369

day they had figlu of the Cape of (lood Hope, 15 or
lO liagucs from thiiKc. At S.ilOanna iln y rifrtlhi;il
thiiiifclvcK cxcilleiilly well, and tonk in about 400
head of cattif, bcfidcs fowl;, With plenty of various
hfli, ami fnlli water.

At I'cnguin ifland, five or fix leagues from land, is
abundance (i| fowls of that name, and intinitennm-
bert of feaU i with ihcfe latter they filled their boat
twice, and ni.idc tiain oil for lamps. Tluy took
hence alio 20 fat Ihecp, Ult there by the Dutch, for a
pinnace whicli they met 200 lea;^ues from the Cape ot
liood Mope, and left fix bullocks in their (lead. At
full comiii;^ hilher, they bejan to let up their pinnace,
launching her the 5th of September, and in fcvcnor
light days after, (he was lipped and ready to fail.—
'I'he inhabitants of Saldann'a, are a very lieallly peo-
ple, efpecially in their feeding; for our author had
fieii thein eat llie guts and ijarbage dunp, and all i
nay, the feals which the L.-iiihlh had call into the ri-
ver, after lying there for fourteen days, they have ta-
ken up and caien, although they wcie putrifieil and
fvvarmed with magi;ots as well as ftunk ni"ll iiittdc-
ably, the native brought down to the (hire. Cl-
tnehes et;gs, anil l<)me cmply Ihells, wiih a fm.ill
liole ill one end ; allii feathers of the f.ime bird, and
porcupines quills, in exchange for their eoinmodi-
ties. They chiefly delire iron, elleeming old pieces
lit It more than eiiiier gold or (liver. On the .:nth o(
September eaily iluv let fail, and that niuiu beiii;,r
\iryilaik and windy, lo(t the Union and th.ir pin-
nace, c.illnl llie (lOiui Hope. About live ill the even-
in;; l!ie Union put out her eiifigii, to what intuit ihey
could not iiKaj;iiie, but all that nis;lit(he lay at hull.

They proceeded next day, and havinii; met with va-
rious changes of winds and often calms, October the
271I1 came into 26 des^ces, the lieii;ht of St. Lawrence,
iioKlingon their coiiife with the lame lortof weather.
On tlie i^d of November in the moriiiii,!T, they dif-
coiered two or three fmall illands; and in the after-
ii. mil another, called Coinora, a very highland. The
24th, h,u in^' fent their boat on fliore, they met with
f ,c or fix iiien of that country, who f>ld them plaii-
l.iins. The next day they fent llie boat again j but
a little before (he ;;ot 10 the (here, fpying a canoe,
with tAO men in it filhinj;, they went between them
and ilie fliore: however, not caring to take them by
foice, they (hewed them a knife or t«o, which al-
lured them into the boat. Tliey thin brought them
en boaid the rtiip, and iifcd them very kindly, giviiij;
one a turban to put on his In ;id, aiui to tlie otlier a
liill- glal^, of a (purler of a pint lull of ai]ua-vit.t,
.Titer wlich thev fent them on (bore. The 25th, by
help of their pinnace, (the wind hitherto lading)
« hieii tov.'ed the (hip between the two illands, adjniii-
iii,; t> the lliorc, tin v came to anchor in the evening,
in between 17 and 9.0 fathoms water. On the 26th
ll'.ey lint tiic.r piniiaec on (liore with a piclent to the
kiop', by Mr. Jo:il.in, llieir tailor, who went him-
lelf alone with it, leaving only a pledge or two in the
boat. It confilled o( a piir of knives, and a I'afli
wi.h a lookii;- -flat's and comb; the whole in
v.ilue about fiUetii {hillings. The king received
tcufe fometthai formally, and, fcaieely looking on it,
^ave it to one ol his noblemen. However, he told
thi bearer, tli«i if the comm.inder would come on
Ih'"rc, he (houl I have any thing the country afford.'d ;
jnd bowed tov .itds him in a very courteous manner,
nt his taking Lave. It is probable, that after Jordan
came aw.iv, iho king cxaiiiined the prelent better : for
ill the afieriioon he lent the commander a very fat bul-
look i the meir.ngors were gratified with a couple of
prr.kiiiies, w.th whieli th.-y thought themfelves
I i.dly rewarded. N,\t d.iy the conimander went,
ait' iided with twcKe others, and carried a Imall
b.;iuniel, fuili as a box of maimalaJe, both ale and
(o'lic wine, (jf tin fe ihey cat bilurc the king, who
toiielied lu.lbinj ; but his nobK s rat and drank.——
;'.i;er the bimjuet, the commaiuler had fome dil-
rourfe wilh thi: king, by his ii,t"rpieter, coiicern-
irg till II- I', nuts ; by wliumthe Lnjjlilh uiulerllood.
Vol. I. N ' 32.

that the iflandcrs h.\u four I'ealings with tl.i P'TUI-

;',iiile, of wliol.- I.in.ii.ige he coiilil Ipiak a little. i-

On the .'S;h the king had deteimincil to go on board
the Af(. nlioii, but Ins inleipiiii r tolJ the c<'mi-.i:!iid;r
iliat his I ouncil and common people would ii"t Hitler
him. Towards ni-jht Captain Covertc went on
(liore where the f.olois were cutting wood, and re-
luriud iMlh till- boL.t. The voih the ;iii'hiir went on
(Muic again, with the m.ifUr, Mr. 'liniKli, .Mr.J.'i-
, and all the iiunij-i lers. Tliiy wire m-m kindly
received at the waterfide, bv the in'' rprit' r, who
irought them to the kin:^;. " He wa« ih' n 11 ir his pi'-
.lee, {S.iys the auilior) veiy courtioultv bowed
liimlelf. He h.id for hi ■. guard when he walki J about,
fix or tight men, with knives of a tool Ioiil', a^ biojd
IS hati h^ls, anil Very (h.irp, who wiiit next his per-
iim i fivcr.il alio went beliMe, and many behind him,

lor hi; defence. " Thole people feenied tn be civ il,

kind and honelf to llrangers ; for a fnlor having Kit
hisfwoid behind him, one of the inh.ibit.iii's loiiiid
it, and hrou;'ht it to the king, who pi-rici\ ing it
belonftd iiifimieof ihe dr. iigers, told him, tl'at it it
appe.iied he came by it olherwile thin as he liitlarid,
he (hould be put to de.illi. Next day, .it their :;oini^
on fliore, the kinf/s interpreter bmiujit the l-Aord,
and told them what his maiellv f'lid iipon the ocealion.
I'hcv feemed hkewife to h.ue a good firm of govern-
nieiit amongll ihem : lor at their nurting in the ni'.rn- '
ing, they (hook hind-, and Ipokc to nii" anothi-r,
which the Englilh took for lri.;n!!v idutations.
They appeared \ery ii.o.kfl .Tnd flr.ot, with large
limbs, and of a veiy loniely appear iiiee, b ilh men
and women. They are Moh.iinetans in riliLjion, and
go almoti: naked, only ihey wear turh..n3 on th'ir
heads, and cover tin ir prii ities with a piic: of liiu n.
Tlic women wear a piece of linen before, that covers
thiir brealts, and reaches to the midiile j fro.-n the
ii'iddle, to a Irtlle heloie ih'' knees, ar.other piece Ijocs
lound them ; and about th.ir wai(!s f dgcs are tied,
like arorti, which hang dov/n, and beeoinc them very
well. They all go b.irc-footed except the kiii'i, who
wears a fort of land.ils. For his .ipparel, f.c "li;id on
a white wrought net cap, a fciilet \elf, with (leevcs,
but lool'e about him, and open before; he had alio a
piece of linen round his middle, and another round his
fhouldcrs tohis feet. When the Englifh were at the
tonn, they brought them cocoa-nuis, fiwlsand pro-
ilionsin plenty, except frefh water, which was pro-
cured out of the fands, in this manni r : fhcy make
a hole, and as fall as the water fpriog<i, they hade it
out into their cccoa-ftiells, and fo drink it. They
brought foinc to the Englifli, but none of them would
drink of it, it looked fothick and muddy.

They leftComora on the loth of December; about
two or three in the morning, they ("aw on a fudden
a low land, about a league oIK, with hi"h trees on the
(horc; had it not been for thefe they would have taken the
land for the (hadow of the moon, which then (hone,
and fo might have been call away befoie thcv per-
ceived the danger. This they took to be Z iiijibar,
till byone of the natives they were informed it was
l\mba', on fight of which, they prefenily tacked
about, and at day-break flood in again with thi fliore,
along which they (leered for a harbour to anchor in.
Meanwdiilc they fent a gang with the pinnace to feek
a convenient watering-place. 'Che pinnace haiinf
got to fliore, two or three of the inbiibit.mts demanded
111 I'ortugutle, who they were ? And h. ins; told, Eng-
liflimen, they afl^ed again what ihey hid to do there,
fince the ifland belonged to the king of Poriu: \1 .' and
were anfwcred that they knew not fo much, nor came
with any defign but to get water. As night came on,
the ho.it returned. Next day it went on fliore to the
fame place : but (inding no ptople returned. Soon
after the (hip came to an alienor, about five or fix in
ihci.rcn ion, near tAO or three bioken illands, clofe
by I'emba, in the height of five degrees 20 minutes.
The pinnace went on (hore on the 12th to the fame
place viith Mr. Jordan, where he talked with tome thai
fpokc Portugucfe, but fccmcd not to be the fame with
5 ^ the

irro

^-jiL

370

VOYAGES OF THE ENGLISH

tlic formrr : for they fitid the king wat a nobleman.
' Mr. JolJ.im tolil them, that although the IWip vi-^s
hn^lilh, )it he was a l\'rt(i(4ue('e nurchnnt, and ihi;
g(KKlswtie Pdrtuguefi'. I hen they faid he Ihiuild
w.nit for nolliing, and »n thi:> fcnt a Mour with them
to look for a convenient watering jdace, who, after
fume little (V.^reh, brought them to a fniall hole ;it the
bottom of a hill, between it .ind a ditch. 'I'luv tlicn
c.iri'icd the Moors on board, and next day goint; ^J
watering, fet him on fliore. The report of his kind
ufagc brought down another, who could fpcak .t little
Portugucfc, and faid he was one of the kin;;'s gen-
tlemen. He alfo went on board, and wa^ well irc.ilcd.
At his landinii; next d:<y, he proniifcd to bring him
hens, coeoa-nuts and oranges, which he |Hr!ornud.
Captain Coverte, with the malhr, Mr. Rmt and
others, went on ftiore, wlare thev dined, and after
dinner came tnocavaliets, and a ^Iour Have, to the
watering-place, where the men were filling the eatks,
and afkei!, whether any of the chief perfons of the
Ihip were there ? Kdward Churchman made anfwer.
That the maftcr, and one of the m ■''chants were on
lllore, whom, if they pleafed, he would bring to fjH'ak

fj'ui
other after thi

lalutcd each

- ^, they

Purtugueli; fafliion. Aftcr.fomc dif-
cnuife, the Moors demanded who they were .' And
Ixing tnld Englifhmon, that they were welcome, and
that all which the ifland aftordeil was at their com-
mand. The En;ilifli returned hearty thanks, but
foim found h'W little acknowledgment they delerved.
They demanded in their turn, who the others were .'
It was aiifvvered, that one of tlum was the king's
brother, » ho inflanily (hewed them a filver rin;r, on
which were cngraied the number of \illages and
houfes in the ifland, and faid hi' was i.'o\ernor of all
thefe places. Then the I'.iiglilh alked them wliethcr
there were any Portuguefe ni the illand .' They faid,
No i for that they had baniftied them, bccaufe they
would have relief by force, and would make flavts
of the people, which not being able to endure, ihcy
h.ul continual war with them from the time of their
firft coming thither. In the mean time, the pinnace
came to them, which had been at another place of the
idand for cattle, according to appointment, but was
put of}", till they could find an opportunity to execute
their intended treachery. Thof • in the pinnace told
the reft, that they h.id heard, at the place where they
h.id been, that 15 fail of Dutch h.id taken Mozam-
bique, and put all the Portuguefe to the fword. At
this news (which came from /.anjibar) the cava-
liers fcemed to rejoice ; which was another fubtrle train
to bring them into the fnarc. When ni_:;ht drew on,
they defircd the Moors to go on board, which they
then declined, but promifed they would the next day.
Accordingly, December 17, the king's brother came
with the two others, havini; had 'I"honias Cave, tJa-
bricl Brooke, and Lawrence Pi;;ot, their fuij^eon, for
pledges. They were cntert.iiiied \ery haitdloniely.
Next morning the commander 'jave the chief two
goats, with a cartridge of gun-poweler, and fome
other trifles to the other two. MellV'-. t ./et, jm-
dan, Glaflcock, and the author W( nt on (horewiih
them for the pleelges ; and at their landing with three
or four more, ventured up to the lw)ule<, h litre tliey
found their pledges guarded by 50 or 00 men, armed
with bows and arrows, fwords and bucklers, darts
and cutlalTes J yet they were djivtied to them j af-
ter which they immediately depaited, accompanied
with the king's brother, moll nf the Moors following
them to the pinnace's fide j and having viewed her, re-
turned to the reft. The Englilh inflantly entered the
boat ; and at their invitation, the king's brother went
readily with them, where he was entcrtaincti with as
mueh kindncfsas before. ToAards night the m;iller
olfi red him a knife, with fonie ether trifles, which
hcleiirnfully rcfufeii, and prefently went on Ihore in
their boat, which gave them fome fufpiclon. On the
19th the long-boat went on ihore very early in the
morning for water; and having filled ihe calks they
llivv the Slip with her faiii out, being let down Co dry :
6

but the Moors imagining they weir going aw.iv, the
companion to the king's brother came to the Imat-
fwain, and afked the queftion. The boalfwain, a«
well as he could, both by figns and olhcrM ile, hi
him kne.w, it was o. '_, to dry the failf. While thev
flood talking, they perceived the pinnace comin.", be-
ing then very well aimed, and left off' niakini; aiiv
farther enquiiy. Had not the pinnace appeared, it
was believed they then intciuled to have lut i.|f iheir
men, and taken their boat ; for two of them lay lon-
cealed about the walcriii'j-pl.ice, ready to have inado
the onftr, if the watch-woid h.id been gu en. i he
pinnace being come on Ihoie, and the men fhindinr
upon theirgiiard upon the fai:J>, the milter f n: Ni-
cholas White to tell thofc <.f the ifland, that their
merchants were landed. Wliitc p;iHiiig by cue of
their houfes, pcrci'td it to be full of pee.ple, .an^l
amonglt the lell fix Portuguel'e. Prefently alter, the
e ompanion of the king's brother came, and tnUl .Mr.
Revet, lliat the mcreliants of llic ifland were wenrv,
and therefore defircd the Englifh to go up to thi m, te>

lee the cattle. While only (aw one bullock.

Hut Mr. Revet defircd to be excufoel, and iieflril him
to fend down the bullock, (.lyinij, theie were poods
enough in the boat to pay for it. ' With this aiiiwer
he was tent away. '1 he king's brother bein;; t!un 01*
the fanils, commanded a negro to gather cocoa-nuts
tobefentt> the commander, and made choice of Kd-
waid Churchman to fetch them; w hi. m they never
faw mir heard of .ifier. Wlien they found none uf
the tnj;lifh would land, but lf>od upon the inuanl,
they gaie the watch-uoid ; and fouiidin.i; a hi in, prc-
fintly fet upon their men at the waterini;-pl.;ce, anil
killed John Harrington, the boatfwain's m..n, and
much wounded Rolieii Uuckler, whom they e, niild
have killed, but that being fired en by thf fhiji, they-
retired. Huckler, t!iou!;h weak and faint, at kncilj
got up to the retf, likewifi.- two or three n.oie ef '^'he
nun, by creeping and lying clofe in the ditch, till
they faw the beiat, got alfb fafc on beard. The
ioth in the morning, going on (horc, with ihe pin-
nacc and long-boat, very well arnicel, to fe-.eh in
their david, (which is a piece of weiod or timber where-
with tluy haul up the anchor) a little beu.rdit
found Harrington's body naked, which they buiied iil
.1 neighbouring ifland. At their coming te-'tliis ifland
fome of the naiivcs made figiis to them to beware ef
their throats, which they took no notice of at that
time. The fame day being the latli, tluy (et
fail, and alwut twelve at ni-ht, the fhip was o„
the (hoals c.f Meliiida, or Pemba, which they « ere-
ne.t i^ppriled of, but got ofK .igaiii. Next mor-iiiv
they purfued and took three fniall boats, flijjhtiv builT
called Paiigayas, before another fent from land could
reach them. Ihcre were above ;ir perfons on board
the three, fix >( the chief of whom were jud-.d te>
be loitu-iufe, and the reft kno^n to be Mo rs
Ihcfe were pale and white, much dift'eiin" front hi:
colour ot the Moors. Yet being afked if" they were
.Vlriors, thry replied in the affirmative, an.l (luy ed
th-ir Iwcks all written uith tharactcri-. A\ inn the-
Knglifh infiftcd that they were Portu"i:cl"e, tiuii -ui-
Iwer was 'I'hat the Portii-iiefe xvcr. not eiicu'm-
rifed. A, tliey could n' t Hill beperfu.u.'ed to the eoi-
irary, fi.me ot the mariners fpoke to them ..beiut the
lite tieachcry and murder of their men. This feeni-
iiig toternfv ihem, they talked to-ether in their o-.vn
language, winch made the EiigliUi fufp'-a, thev in-
tciuled to make fome def'peratc iittempt : for ihi%' lei-
lon tlieEn.;lifh looked iMrctuliv to thcfw-,,J,, „.|iieh
lyin;; naked in the niaflcr's cabin, thev alfo had thiir
eyes upon them, thev likcwiCe took not'icc wh-iv Cap-
tain Coveitc, andMr. Glafr.ock had fee their fw. Jf
Hill expcdin^' when the pJaec fhouKI be clear. Tl ''
Capiain Coverte perceiving, kept ■-.ood watch ; anel
being alone on the poop, they beckoned to him thicc
or four times to come to them upon the (pare d. ck
which herefufed, for fear they fhoiild ha, r taken that
oppoitunity to feize thefe weapons. The maftei
Philip dc Grove, foon after coming upon ihc dv^k'.

al'ivcd

TO GUINEA AND TFIE EAST INDIES.

ihi

ifkcd for their pilot, whom he took down into his
fcabin, anil flirwcil his plat, wliuh the piUit vciy
earni.llljr vicwul : hut ai his partin " ttmii tho nit m
go with thtmallir, he Ipokc in the Mooridi l.ini;u.".^c,
warning them (a> the kinglilh thought) to be u|n.n
their guiirj, ami make the all.iiilt as loon as he g.wc
the walth-word. As it was I'uppoCed that the (jilot
had a knife about him, hcuan liarched tor it, but
he nimbly conveyed it from one fulc to tlio other, and
with it fuJdtnly Ihibbcd the mall r in the helly, and
then ctied out, which (podihiv was the fii^'nal : for
they immediadely bi;^.ui theiMjct on the deck, where
the comnMndtr, Me(ir<!. Cihillcock, 'lindal, and one
or tAo more who h.ipp' ml to betheicwilh them,
had ihegood fortune toki" imror hve of the Moorj,
and made Inch ha\oek ann :i.' th( ult, that at lcn[;th
they had (lain almoU foity of th.in, and brouj^ht the
red in fubjcilum; five or fix ot them howe/er re-
covered a pnj^aya, by their excoedini; fwiftnefs, and
efcapcd to (hire J they fwimmina; to windward falter
than the pinnace could row after thciii. Cjlaflcock,
Tindal, and the nialter, were the only En;^lifliinen
hurt. The rtrit had two wounds, of which one was
deep m his bark : Tindal having had nothing in his
hand to defend himfelf, iliey aimed at his brealt, but
turning about, he received the (tab in his arm; luiw-
evei they all rtrovered. On the inth of Jaruiary,
they faw many illands, which the I'ortuguefe calKd
Almaifant, being n.ne in numh' r. Next ir.ornini;
they feiit their pinnace to one of ihe.n, to feck frem
water ; but though they found none, they met with
many land-turtles, and brought fix (Jii board. Iheii
they failed to another ifland, where ihcy rode in
twelve or thirteen fathoms water, and a tolerable
good harbour, where they tbund rifre(h:neiits.

Ontlieifti-i February, they let fail with a fair
wind till the 9th, when they p.'fled the line : and
on the 15th, betiaies in the morning, came within
fight of the coaft <if Mclinda ; ne.xt day, they came
to an anchor, about nine in the morning in twelve
fathoms water : and about two le.i.;ucs from ftiore,
they fiion fent their pinn.ice to feck fume icfrefhmenls,
but they coulil by no means land : nor would the
people of the country (being fearful) come within
fpeech of them J therefore in the afternoon, the (hip
departed. On the 2ift, betimes, tlicy ilefcried an
idand in the hcighth of twelve degrees feventeen
minutes, with four recks or hillocks about three
leagues off it. They had bore up a whole day and
night to get to this idand ; but (indin; it barren and
unpeopled, by fendi.g their fkitFoii llioir, they pa fled
it, and the fame day had fight of three idaiTds more,
about fun-fet, ftant-Ing in the heighth of twelve
Hcgiees twenty-nine minute. Two were within a
league afumler, and the third they found to be
Soeora, which ftanding in twelve degrees twenty-
four minutes. Here they arri.ed the 2glh of M.rch,
1609, and anchored in a fine bay the joth, about
ten in the morning. The iflanders having on fight
ol them, mad- a fire; they font their (ki(f on fiiore,
but the people fl'-d in great frar ; having (polTibly)
been formerly fome way injured by tome who had
pafled that way. The men finding no likelihood
ot relief there, returned on board, and about five
in I le altc'noon, the Ihip departed to find out the
ihief harboii. . The next day, ftand^iipj oft" to fea ; the
net with a (iuzarat fliip laden v.itli cotton, ca-
lico, &e. Sound for Aden. Hither they kept
h> . comp.'iiy , bct.iufe then it was a pi. ice of great
trade. Arr.. i.g llieie on the loih of April, Ihofc
of the (luzarat Piip who landed, told the governor,
that an En'.lifh (hip w.is come to trade there. He
ft.it his admiral to tlicm, and the commander iinad-
vif.c'ly went oil lliorc, where he and his attendants
were received, four ?rcat h iil'es waiting, and were
tarried before the governor with as much pomp as the
town could ;i''brd. Hui the governor finding him to
he 1 plain am! fimplc man, put him in a houfc with a
ih .rus, or keeper, and many J.inilTaries or loldirrs,
to guard him j and kept him prilbner for (i\ weeks.

Aftir ihi«, the governor raiifcd him to fend on br>^rd
lor linn, iin, ai.;l i luih, to i!i,f value uf 25nod()ll;u>,
pioii ling to buy it; Init when lie bid the gonri,
> n (hoic, ho fei/.ed them for cullom ot the (hip only.
V\'Ikii he law that he had ijot as n,iich as he could,
lie liiir the commander ii hnaid the 27lh of Aiay,
and kipt two of the :,ieieh:inls lor JCoO doll.'rs,
wliieh he l.u.l v».n for .iiiJv.'iage ; but tlie wlui'.rt
Company declaring agiiiplt the piyment, he fent thi;
merehaiits up into ihc couiitrv, eight days journiy,
10 a place call d Samn, wheie the lvj(hi t.ien lay.
On the jlih, iluy were joined by the p iir.ace, whole
milter, John Lurikin, tvi'g (lead j iip.n inquiry,
ihe ceiiipany lo'.d them, tli.it lie was kiiocktd 011 tt.u
head Willi a nialleL by 'I liomas Cl^ik, with the ton-
lent of rraneis Driver his mate, Aiulicw Evan), and
Edward Hille". 'I'litli- being alked upon what oc-
c.ilion iliey committed the iiiiirder, could .■.in:;ii no
e.iiife, (xeept that they wanted a (mall quaniiiy tf
Aipia VitiK and Kola Soils, which he was tare-
tiil .0 ireferve for the relt of tlij emiipany, in talc
of neeelliiy. On the 3ilt, a jury being called, the
miirdircrs were convicted, and hraneis Driver and
Thomas C'laik werelianged in the pinnace. •

On the 3d of June, thcywci.rhed .iiid tailed into
the Red Sea, through the Strcights cf Mecca, which
are about one league over, and .ihout three in leii.ih,
having ei.'hteen fathoms water clofe to the iiland.
Within the (treights there lies a great (hoal, lotiic
two leagues off (hore, which (hips mull fail wid • oil'.
h rom thence there are about \\\ leagues to Meec,
where is a good ro.ad and ('.ife ground for ved'els to ride
in fourteen fathoms water. I he port is n-ver with-
out (hipping, it being a town of g-eat 'i.ule, ar.d
(re()iunted by caravans from Sanaa, .\Iec.a, Cjranl
Cano, and Alexandria. 'There is a great want vf
tin, iron, lead, cloth, fword blades, and all Englilh
commodities. It had a great bazar, or market, every
day in the week. 'There is great plenty of fruit 1
as apricots, quinces, dates, grapes, peaches, lemon«,
and pinntanes, which the author much wond' red at,
as the inhabitants told them .thty had ru rain foi
(even years before, and yet there was very good corn
at eighteen pence per hu(hel ; befides plenty of c.!ttlc
and fi(h. 'I lie town was governed bv the 'I'urk', and
if an Arabian oftcndcd, he was fcverrly punillu d, tliere
being galleys fir that purpofo. They departed on
iheiHihot Ji ly, and pad'ed the Streights, where
they left two anchors; and from thent- filling to
Socotra about the 5ih of Augu(f, cart anchor over
againft the town of Slab, where th- king refides.
'There one of the merch.uits went on (hou, .md gave
him a prefent, defiring leave to buy water, goat:-,
and other provifion>, which he did imc grants
becaufe the won.en of the country were muih ..'iaid ;
but told him, if the Knglidi would go to a ro.id five
leagues off, they (liould have any thing the emintry
a(ti)rdcd. Accordingly they went, and th. re bought
goats, water, dr.igor/s blood, Socotrinc aloe-, and
other coniinoilities

On the ih'tli, they let fiiil from Si'iAi, with nn
anchor and a half, for Camhaya ; and on the 28th,
came to iVIoa, w here one of the natives told them,
that for twenty dollars, they might have a pilot to
hring them to the bar of Surat; but this was rcfufcd.
On the 29th, they let forward, thinking to hit the
channel leading to the bar, but they came out of ten
fathoms, firft into fevcn, then al'lerwards into fix and
a half; then tacked about veflward, and came into
fifteen fiihon.s, the next tack hroiinht them into five.
Then fome of the company alked, \\hither the matter
would go .' he anlwcred, L t he go iver the heighth
and preli itly the fhip flruck : Captain Covtrte
immediativ vent up and told him of it. Upon which
turning about, he alked. Who durlt fay Ihc (truck I

* The Buihor nlirirvesili.ir DiKvnii! Hillcs ivm catfn 'n eni.i-
ImIs at Msdjgalcar, »nil the oilier ilitil rotting wheie li<
l.y.

i*it-

37i

V o Y A c; E s o I r n h k n g i, i s ii

iOj,"> JF; luj kMrc.l\ Ipnlccn, w'uii Ihcftrtuk ii'.iiii, am

Willi luili torcc, ili.u the ri.JJiT hr.'tc Dtl, wlmii

loll. I lull tl

')•

line t>i .III .iik'Im

.iiiO

tluK

twi)Jjy5j aftir w.'iich tlitir liiiii' Ijilit in |>iiCi>, Ik
tiMttluy lu I only :l]ei( luii^ biut M lulji thiiiiulvrs
Willi. iluu>\i I, tlu'v iiu>'> liu li lliil., ilul ihc ) j;<it
the (liieci .jI ilie l.iuiui into Ih. Ihip, .iiul the i.n|« ii-
tkf hum.; h:r U(> j> »\ll a> he ciiil.l, linuiy.hi id
men on (h ire, Al..>u: lix in theinniiiy, nil liie .> I
ot Sejii^nilie., the Ih p llrueic, nn.! Iie^iaii liir.iunl.i :
llie l'..iJ jncUntiv .'u inehe?. UJl^r in ilie «e]|. 'Ilicii
they pliiJ the |>uniii from I'ncii in ilev en, alur wh.ch
thcw.Uer iiKiiaUil lo t.Ai, f'at Uiiig no I.T^jer .ible
III coniiiui. uii boaiJ, thev look to thtir boal>. I hey
Kli ihe lliij) uiihout t.ikini; eithir meat it Jrink wall
tlieili." lUliveen tU'elie.inJ one in the nioiiiin;; ihey
put ort' (nr the (ho.i-, v^hlch na« at liall :''> le.ii;ucs to
(he i:illu'aul. i hey r.ii'eJ .-ll that iiirhl, .mil the
lii;ttJ.iy ui'.hoill my luilellirecat all, till fiieotlix
in th', tviiiin^, when I'ley ni..Je a lutlcillanJ ovii the
b.ii.

Our (utbor fay-, " RiiijiiO llien a fi)iiall df wiiiJ
liking thiin, bi.^ke tlu iiiu:(lr))-thouj,lit ot tlieii
liMii;-T»oat, wheiiin weie 55 piiloii^i \ t they re-
cj^ereJ tluir null, ai.j li.e ^u|{ e;.ifiiiL', wmtover
tlie bai, .ind !;i t into the livtr of (j.inil.iii."

" 'I'hitounlry people leeui;; fo ni.iiiy nun in two
bi>at<, thiy b.a; i.'i.ir iliu n<, an. I ran lo ili. ,r arni>,
t.ikin,; them lor I'.Ttii^iufe r.iinini; l.i ait'ik lunie
c)t their tow.'l>. 'l'lii> llie K ijl.'li peieiiiin,;, ami
haiii!;j, bv ihaiief, a (in/: rat 1 nbi'..ri!, ihev liiil liini
on lii'iie lo iiiuleeeue tne iiih lillIant^. A> loon as
tiiey knew wli.) th -y wei,, lii y dirceleJ them ti tlie
city ul t!.<;iJc\e, u.'i.ic a ;;icat man ».ts governor,
w ho, :it tl.eir comin;.' liiilh-^r, feenml 10 be loriy lor
thiir misloruine', an.! gave lli.ni a \iiy kinJiecej>-
lion."—
Iini-'i Uc)j Here C ipt.iin t'nirte cmls his arcinnt, wv li.i\e
iiun. cMraelcd tiom t!ie relation I'l 'I'homas Jones, bij'in-

iiin;]; where tlie other enil< his nl.'.tion. — IJiin^ at
ti.iiuUve, they hea:J that tlkir pinmce came inio
t'lc lame river before them, anJ w.s carried a\vay by
the I'ovtii^iiefe, but that all the men had loifaken iier,
and were gone to .Surnt by 1 uiJ. The i;oierimr ol
this town was a 1! inni.in. — The ^ih they left Cian-
ileve, to tiavil for Snrat, abtiit 40 miles dillant,
..ml the ii/.'i eunie liiitlier, wh.re they were met by
\ViIli.im rineh, who kept the facloiy ; but Capiaiii
llnkins, was gone t'l A;;ra, about p ilays journey
il.lSant, where t'.u- king relided. The cominanJer,
iiiid part of the rell, ha.iii.> ft.iid till the end of .Sep-
t.niber at Surat, thm lit out likewiie for A;;ra, in
order to lelurn h'>mc bv land, ihrini^'h I'crlia ; but
t!ie;i'.ithor nnt likm^Mhat courfe, fl'id bthiml. While
h ■ ile'.iated wi;': liin:,lf .sli.it ineihoj to take, he became
aeipiainu J with a I'urtuguefc I'adre, "f tlic order of
hi. Paul, iu(t come fi im Camb.iy.i, who pr.ipofed to
^. t hiiTi toiivpv'd to Kn^laiid, or ;.t leal! to Portui;al,
wVieh he piiiKtiially perloinicd. Jincs, Richard
Mellif, Ji Kn Kbnor, and Robert Kox, deputed Irom
.Surat the ;th of October, alon;; with the I'adrc, and
came 10 the ih.iii^ town and fortiifs of JJamnn, where
ome a^ain, they law the jiinnace, v.i\kJ the Cioou
Hope. Fiom Daman thev «cni to Cliaul, and from
ihiiKC to (io.i, wheie they ariiMd the 18th of No-
vember. 'I he 9ihof [anuarv they emb.^rkcd on board
a carack, called Our I..ady of I'ltv, bjiip; the admiral
(;f a fleet of four fail, upon the eoail of India, and
t!ie ziftof March fJl in with the land, in .{ j dcg.
iml an half, about live leagues to the call of Cape
Des .\giiillas. Here they lay willi contrary winds,
lill the zd of Aipil, and then were encountered with
a i^reat lloiin, at well lonth-wcll, v h:eh blew lo fu-
lioudv, t'.i.il ihey were force J to b^ai up lix hours be-

• .\ .1.1 l.s,:;;l ^-.outuu ul iiil ic), Ji.tiiU iwi-e it'WLcn llit-
iii.ti..-nM!i .11. »1 lilt' HccL't^e, ll;c Ci'inma; il» r liij liif cunipaiu
tjl. I* ttli.it rl.-:e \v( .M. Tl.- iuil.i'i tl.:j.k^ ilicv took amoni;
th^'iii j-vcoi fi.<iM iL. i.rjj U..C liuiwicJ, luiiic i.tt}, cilters lurty

foie the fia, aftrr which it ccalUI. 'l'liC4i1i»f .\; lil

they fill I
miniiti. ',

lid a
d lh< II l.iv dli

i;.iin, in 34 degiii«, 40

bickv

d lo

OS Willi c Tiiarv winds in liJit of IIk

l.>

that lliey wiie iwiec williin three or four leagues of
iheCapeof t.!...;.l Hope, yet could not j;et ab.'ut it
till the Kjth day ot Apiil, .iiul th n lluy doubled li,
tolhiir ni\ai comloit i for ||.<)^ were 111 ^rrat di-
Ipiil I', lore, ti.iiiii; Ihn llioiild le lorced to wiiilei nt
Ml', .imbiijii.-, w hull IS a common thin;; anuun; the
l'onnL;iaie. I'lif /;ih thev palUil llu trr|iu- ol Ca-
pricorn, and tli' ijili ot Mav ih.y came to ,iiu hor at
the illaiid of .S(. Ililcna, whicli ill.iiul ll..nds in ij
J«-j;rces IvMith. H re they ll.iid till the I iili, wattl-
ing, an.l then ih polinL;, pilled the Line on ihe jj of
June. I he jdi.i they were iiniK r the tropic ol t'.in-
ccr, with l!ii wind at north-call, which the I'oitu-
i;uile call li;etjimi.il Wind j and the l(>tl> of July
luppoUd ihiy lulled by the welieilv illaiiUs (01 A/.ous)
the pilot net having; Ken any land fiiice they lift ht.
Mclina. Ai len;4ih, thiy in.ule the land oV i'orlii-
gil, biir.'^ no: „''ove two le.ignrs oil' i!i. iiock i>t'
l.ill'oii, anu llie t..ine day c.nme to .niiliir in tic 10. d
ol C',ile..c». I'hat d..y Jones wcr.l 0,1 (hoie in a boa|,
.inA fo cleiped the h.iiuis ol' the J'oftugueU'. He
llaid in l.ilbin ftneily till t!ie 1 ^tli, antfiiien cir.-
h.iiked III a fliip bound for London, one duid, nul-
trr, wliiJi iiMii lii.ii 'y fiinii;; lal frcn ihc .llay < f
\\'a)ei'., thi-y ileapedj lor ti.e I'oitiij; :u le h.iying
liad noinr ot tlu.r departure, Icnl out a bolt v. ell
manned, willi a di fun lo ha.e taken the Iliij', .'iiJ
fo cany them on (hole ; they ;;oi f.ile home ihe 171I1
of J^eptenibei, 101,^, after an ..bf^iiee < f two )^.irj
ami lis iiionihs 1:0,11 their n.itn .• coimtiy. —

/n ihe nu:in li«iie the L'n:i:n, after benv, le,.. i.iled A.,; ,
fiom the .Mc'iilioii, in doubliiii; the C^pc 01 ciooj cu.nu.
Hopi>, ljir:in^ hei ii..iin-nia(t, .iiid in the niidll of tlic
lloriii th.y wen loiee.l lo lilh it .i^iin. Hy this acci-
dent it leiins they loll the conip.myof the ad.niral,
and lKiii;_,it leii;;th oui of lio|ns of mectiiii; witlici-
tlur till lliip or pinn.'.cc iherciboni', confid\ri:i^ thLt
the llorin coiitimied, they fliiptd their tourl'e fi>r Ihe
b;iy of St. Aiivuliine, in .\l.ida;^alcar, in hopes of
lihdiii,; them tm :i. In thi:,, howev r, tliey weie Jifaj -
pointed. 'I'lieii lore, alter 20 day. Hay, in whuh
time they rcfrellud themklves well, ihey let fail for
Zaiijibar, in e.\|)eelalion of nueiing their commander
at that place. As loon .is they ai lived, tluy went on
(liore, .ind were kindly cnterlaiiud ; bul .it theil lic.M
landiiiu', I'ueral iiKii broki out of aiiibulli upon tliciii,
and killed ihc j>iiil'er, Rich.ird Kcnii, and one m;.-
riiu:-, and took Richard Wickliam, one of the mer-
chants, piifoner: by great chance, however, ihc
r< II ^ot olf the bo:il, and got on be.ird. Thty put
to lea in the month ol I'cbiuaiy, with the wind at
north-eall and iii:rtherly, wliiih was dirciltly agaiiilt
them, as ihey ilefigiied logo for .Socotra. Now hav-
ing fpent much time at lea, without making anyway,
(and moll of the men troublid VLry much with the
leurvy) the captain went for the 1101 ill part of St.
Lawrence. His intentions w:is lo put into ihe b.iy of
Aiiton!;ilIe, but they fell in with the well fide of the
ifland, where they entered an exceeding large bay,
called by the natives Conquamorra, found th«
adjacent country fruitful ami pleafant. Heie they
prtipofed to recover their men, and ipend the unpro-
fitable monlbon. They fion grew acquainted with
the inb:ihitants, who at firll appeared very friendly,
and mndethem very kind (irofertions : on this the mer-
chants often went on Ihore, and vilitcd the kinp:, w ho
was no lefs complaifant. At length, Captain Rowlc,
accompanied with Mr. Richard, Rcvc, chief mer-
chant, Jell'ery Carltl, and three oihers, thought fit
to go tu the palace. Samuel Bradlhavv had often b.eii
7 employed

putnils. Tome '-miii-, ,infl fomc JiTs.

1 Tlie |m;ii| t thii ftsS aic l^ulio^on-an^, am' honour 1I10
cow I ilicy allu ulilctvi: tlic anciuit euliuiii ul buKiine >lio
.lead. *

to OOlNEA AND THE feAST INDIES.

3rj

U<r
•,Jcr
t un
axt
It'll I,
m;.-
nur-

ihc

put
lid at
aiiilt

IlllV-

u.iv,
the
Si.
ly of
ihc
bay,
I the
they
npro-
with
lutly,
iiicr-
, who
ovvlc-,
mer-
it fit
li b.cii
ployed

uiur ill*

c'mployfd about biifiiv.fs to the king : but at thii time
the I aptniii h.ivinu funic other oci.iilii>n lor hinit hv
iUiJ un Ik .id, wlitili piovLii h.ippy lor hiiii ( for its
loiin as ihey I ii'ltd, thfy Wire Ixir.TyfJ to the iiiha-
t.i.iiits. Bv ^ooJ liirtunc, the bujts clcapcd : but
Ih. y huj icjicily j;ot on board, when they (»w » fleet
of pnvN and lai^c boats coming out ut ihr river,
roi .1 , towaids thcfliip. 'I'hry made a very bold at-
tack, ('inning up in the face of the ordnance, fu that
llir hii.'lilli bt'licved they would have taken them.
Thr li^iil continued at leaft two hours very delj>e-
rati'ly -, but the cannon b ing diligently plied by the
cuniii'i and his mates : ut length half a dozen ot their
lioats funk, wiiicli obliged the reil to retire witn
Ipcid. ThfyHaid in the bay 14 days after this, in
hope's I'l reci/ver their men iiijjin j but iiilicad ot that
they loft fcven more, through a lud'den difeafe which
tia^,ienrd In imtle who woiked 10 hard at the guns in
the time < 1 ilie action, and within two days they were
■II thri'.vn over board. Thcfe misfortunes coming
to ''ilv r, they refolved to make haftc away, and wa-
ter Ionic ^'.hu're elfci but before they could depart,
the enemy made another attempt, with ftill greater
numbers of boat<, many of them very large, and
crowded with men to .1 furprifing degree. However,
they liked the firft entertainment fo ill, that not ca-
rin;; ■ 1 come near them a fecond time, they returned
on Ihore. 'I'hrEnglifli perceiving their malice, and
fearing fonie mifchief in the night, ftood in for ihore

1 where the Moors were) and gave them a whole broad-
ide for a farcwel, the bullets enterinjt among the
thickeftof them, and made fuch lanes that they foon
forfnok their places, and got out of fight a> faft as
they could. They now put to fea, and dircAed their
courfc for Socotra i but for want of hulling-in be-
times, tiie wind took them (hort, fo that they could
not fetch it, but fell more to the eaft, upon the coaft
of Arabia. This was about the fourth of June, and
the winter monfoon being come, they durft not at-
tempt to go for Cambaya ; neither could they find
any good [dace in that road to harbour in, during the
winter. Therefore, after hovering in fight of the
coaft four d.iyit not without danger of running on
ihore, they rrl'olved on fome courle for making their
voyage. Upon this Griflin Maurice, the maimer,
confulting with the principal and moft experienced
men in the fhip, they Ition concluded logo fur Ach'-v
in hopes there to meet with fome G uzarats, to ba^ . '
their Engliih commodities with, 'i'herefore direCL-
ing their courfe for that place, they arrived there the
the 27th of July, and in feren days after had admit-

tance to the king, to whom tliey gave a prefint. 16 1)
When Mr. Uradlli.iw had liteii at court, and dealt a lit- \^^'-%0
tie with the nierch.mts of Aihiii, he fell to trade with
the Ciuiarats, givini» them Kn;;lilh cloth and le;'il
in excliange for biiti.i's, black and white | which is
the cloth they fell in tliofi; parts. Alter they had
bern here fome finall time, tliey failed lor I'riaiiian,
where they had a quick trade, «hah n.adc loir.'j
.imendi for the crofles thty met with before. '1 hey
llaid and took in |H-|>|>er, and at length laded their
Ihip, which might have been doi.e lun^! bcloie, il they
had nut been in dil'puling among (he eompi'iiy i for
the failors Aould du as tiuv pleafed ihenifclves : but
Mr. Bradlliaw ul'ed them with Inch lair word>, th.it
at length they got what they came for. Here the mai-
ler died. Allbufineft being endid, Mr. iiradlhaw
lent one Humphry Biddulph and SiUed 'r Smitii, to
B.intam, in a Chiiiefe junk, with fome remainder
of goods, which they could not fell at Priaman nor
Tcku i and foon after Mr. Uradiliaw let fail foe
Engl.md, in the Union, in the month of February.

liy two letters, the one written by Bernard Cooper
to his brother Hide, a merchant in l^oiidon, (inclu-
ding one received from Bagget an iriihnian) and
the other by William Wilton, who appears to have
been the mailer of a velTcl s it appears that the Union
arrived in a miferable condition on the cuaft of France,
where the people of Odmen fent off two boats to her.
The crews found that ihe was richly laden with pep-
per, and other India goods, but had only four men
on board, (one of whom was an Indian) and three
dead. The furvivors were fcarcely able to fpeak, but
the boats brought the vcfTel into the road of Odmen,
from whence the advice was fent to Marlaife, and for-
warded by Hide to England. The lettcr-'.\ titer re-
folved tovifit the fhip in perfon with one George Rob-
bins, blit complained much of taking a jmiriiey at
that time, and dellred a fupply of money. However,
he went as the other letter of Mr. Wilton relates :
and it appears that there were faved from the plunder
of the natives of Brctagne, about 200 tons of pep-
per, fome benjamin, and ibme Chinefc filks, which
they bought at Tcku, in Sumatra, out of a fliip of
China ) and on their return had met with Sir Henry
Middleton, to whom they delivered Ibme chefts of
filver.*

After the pepper and other goods were unload,-d and

. dried, the velVel being examined was found unlit for

I; lervice, therefore the guns, anchors, &c. were t.iken

|. out, and the furvivors thus put an end to their unfor-

\l tujiate voyage.

THE VOYAGE. OF CAPTAIN DAVID MIDDLETON,
TO JAVA AND BAND A.

ON the 24th of April, 1609, Captain Middle-
ton fet fail from the Tower, in the expedition,
of London, and got fight of Forteventura on the
1 3th of May. By the loth of Auquft, he had reached
Saldanna, (or Saldania) and as loon at he had wa-
tered, immediately failed for Bantam.

Arriving there on the 7th of December, the cap-
tain was as expeditious as pollible in gettine the iron
he had with him on ihore. He then left Mr. Henf-
worth in the faflory, and in the evening fet fail for
the Moluccas.

He came before the town of Boton on the 8th of
January i but hearing that the king was gone to war,
and that there were but few |>eople in the place, he
would not anchor, but the fame day went tlirough
the freights. On tha ath, however they fell in with

Vol. i. N 37.

the Boton fleet. The king came on board them, and
many civilities pafTed between them; but the prince
informed him that a lofs by tire had difabled hiiu from
furniihingthe Engliih with I'pices, a vail qu.intity of
which inltore were deilroyed by that accident.

He took his leave in forrow, and the captain fteered
for the ifland of Bangaya. There he found that the
people were fled for fear of fome enemies ; but who
thofe enemies were, he could not learn with certainty 1
for he fuppofed they retired from the Dutch, but a
Dutchman told him they were in fear of the king of
MacaiTar. The man who told him this, lived in great

* It is mentioned iliat ten Englilhmcn and four natives nf
Guzarat tvcietakcnout «f the Ihipbya boat of Briflol, and a
Scotah vellel.

5 D

^ «

374

V () Y A G i: S O F T II K K N C; I. I S If

1610 fl'ii'' l>.iJ i P'*" numlior cl w n,in, atitl nci'lvid ihi
L— — ,_^ (liitiiv elf IlK' kiiii-.iil liTii^iir. lie w.o .1 |<1' -li im
(ii'ii)>.itiiuii iiiiiHi^nuil t>< .ll.vt ilic iiunni'i' il liu
juii.o aid ivoiilJ not Ik* >'o nni.iiiiK'd l)y .iiiy < :lui
Dutkhin.iii. The l'.ii,!lj/h I'vt with j.tHid riiulli-
iiiciu h. ro, aii<l Hire in bctur hciUli chjii wlicii thiy
di'jviitcd (lOfii llnjiljiid.

^Liviivi (liiJ'hid the loni»-liii.it to prcfiivr it-
bailoiii 111)111 worms, tlicy I<.'| Uil on the i)ih \A
JiiitU'V; dul ci'iitr.irv wiiidn tHViiCioncd thiin (<>
iilti'f tli.ir iiU.liJiil kouil'c lur the Moluic.is,uiid it.iiul
tor it.iiiJj.

I liiy hjJ fi^'ht of tliefc ifljnds on thf s'^ "f
t'k'hiujrc, :ind ulcd all llicii cndL-axoun to tuach ihoni
l(Cliire iiii'.iil. Cotinng ne.ir, the Captain lent lli^
tk'lFlo ;^i t ititlliji-niTi- ot' (nmc ol the n.itivcs, who
icM liiiii worJ, ili.it thi' Uutch would not luH'ii :imv
fli'P t'l inter thf loal . that they woiiUl t.i!.e nil In
bii.ii;ht (iT Inch tlniii^s as they (tood in n id ol) .iiid
nu>e |i II mint n ihcir own plcliue. 1 11 >t i< any
iiiniir.inie with comnimlitii- Ijjoablc in llii; country,
tinv urn- not |i.rniitted to (p-.k t > the p:uplc j liui
Htti- ciiiiiil to the l).ic!;-(i,li- ol l!i'." e.illle, Millun
inufi)u,t Ihiii, lo tJi t ii'it a man c ;iiM lit lii> loot on
Ihun, hut .1 bull.t wm^ liiu .iftoi hini ; nnd ilnt they
iiid tilteen greit junki winch \.ii.' d^taimJ 111 that
inaiinei : vet he llooi into the nad with a 1I >g and
t-nli^n, and at caili yjiJ-arni a pendant, inakin'j; a
wry g';o<l hjj;ure. The f;oveiiuii of the laltle think-
\i\% it had heiM a Dutch lhi|>, (ent out a pinnace ol
tliirtv tons towards tao KsiieJilii'ii, hut ci.i.iing near,
lliKiJ Mito the ID id hiloie tier; 10 that alter tluy had
hjiled the captain, he could hue no larllar Ipecch
Willi hull. Aa li»;n as II.- was aiiiw.irt o( Laiitor, he
laliited the low.i, niiJ anchored within (liot >>t their
iliipi. Soon alt,r there came a Dutch boat on board
lii'iii the L">i ein'ir, rtquiriiip Middlcton toujitcr the
lu.d, and iheii lo iaiul, andlhew liitn his rmiiniiltion.
The laptau) .■.nlivcii.!, t'lat he was but newly conic,
und wuuld ne'iher liiew Ins commillion, nur impart
iiis huf:ncl> t^j the governor or any man. 1 hey
Jirthcr al:;cd, Wheiher he w.is a nicnhant, or a
III Ml ol war r Me replied, that he would pay lor
what he look. J lien they ihieatcned him; but he
t.'iJ liiem th.it lie would lule llieie, lit them do iheii
v.i.rlt, : lid h.pcd he could delcn I hinilcll, and ihiy
returiud 111 a ^,ieat rage to the taliic. i he Diiuh
wtie no looiitr (.'i-^e, than a cio*d of people ol
I.i.it'ir, came uii board, and b.ule I'ini u..lcomc.
|-r.jiii tlicni h- undeiilood the whole atiaiis ol the
c unnv, wli.cli w,>u' I have i'cen w■.iliu^ lo deal with
him, it h ■ cuul.l lia.e proMiu I l',\ue ul the i)iiuli,
|.,'r thcv wcie men IVkiuK : but I'u'oway and I'ulo-
tronu, were at war wiih thiiii. 'I'he cipiaiii kiiow-
iiijj; that there was i^iod lilliinr in trouhl-.-d v/afer,
fiok the oppoituiiiiy to talk p:i'..ilely v.r.h a iiaiii^
ol l'ulu\\.iy, who happi-ncil to be among them : this
peifon he cnj;a;;ed lor a little money, to acijuaint
thole of the ifland, that he would give them cither
filver or commodities tor all their Ipicc; that the
Dutch and he were likely to be enemies ; and tint
they need not fear bat that he would get their Ipice
on b(\"d. In the mean time there came the lame boat
From th' •..(He, and another from the -vice-admiral,
with I ■?iemptory orders from the governor to Captain
Middicton to come in. After k'.-mng them to
dinner, he told them that he would ride there, nnd
run the danp'r of the road: that he ^new both
n.itions w;re friends in Turope, and that for thtni
to be enemies there anion;; rtran;;eis would be ftan-
djlotis. IJut they told iiim plainly, that he nuill
not ride there : and if he peililled, they would fetch
h.ni in by force. His nnfwer was, that he would
ride tlierc till he found the inconvenience of the road,
(lor tli'v laid it was foul ground) and then come
into ih.- \A\ part of the harbour: adding, that
iieiiher of their ptinccs gave authority to their fub-
j cli to hinder the other from riding or going, at their
liwn peril. The Dutch uplied, that the country
was theirs i " Then may I lai I .Middicton) tin; mure

oldly riilr III re, f.r we .ire friend*." Sothey d,-.

irted in i'il|ilialiire. I'he lime eveiiimr, he was
ab'iut to land guns up< n the hde of a lull, whei. he
lodi, ami |i Mil to III tlie lliip to fight wiih ,iiiy tint
Ihould midell liiiii. He alio lent out I'onie to ieaiili
llie buliiini 1 which indeed jiroved to be noihin|» jiiif
links. In ih.ii til' le was no |Mdlibilily of ridiii;; then?
with laleiv. Tlirretoie the captain gave over his
dcli).',n ot landing iMins i and next mornin;_; Criii Ins
ikilK with Mr. .Sp.ildinj, an<l the principal peil.ini

if the iliip Hiihaliltir to th" governor' oidaing
iluiiiioliv nothing iiioic ih.ji h- had «iiti,ii, and
make noil IV, but brin<'. an .inlivir pr<l<ntly: for
thry lode veiy b.idly. '1 he copy of the lilttr is at
lolluu '..

" Mav it pi aleyour Wojfliip,

" AViih patience to confider, that whrreis you
hns> manv eiirmics, (.ind few Itiends in tin . pl.iie)
I being. I clirillini, if your woifliip Hand in mid of
any thing that I hay., I pr.iy you make bol.l to de-
mand il, and 1 will beasieady to p..rl.>iiii ii to my
power; l.u whereas there is amity bitvMcn our
piiiKcs at hjiiie, I Ihould be iiiiwiiliir:, that we.
tluir fubjcls, flioulil be at iiimitv heit. I..itl.ci,
lor.ifniueh as \ou loiiiiiiand me to come umhr the
coiiiiii.uid of ti.e caftle, I hope I htive the piivilcgc
that buth piinces allow their lubjccls to come and
,0 at their own pleafuics, ,\nA Ihiiid to the danger of
.he ro.iil at their own |H'nl. And whsreas you
ieniamled to Ice my cuinmillion j I am a gcmlii;,,iii,
and willing to Iheiv it upon cijiial lerin.. ; lor if you
will iiicct me lecurely, as 1 would do )<'U, appoint
iir meeting upon the w:iter, in oui boats, cijually
Manned ; or in any coiuenieiiL place, where J 11. ay
be as near mv force as you are to youis. And
wlure.'.s it is reported that a contract is 1(. he m.dc
with the inhibitanis of I.antor and your worihip,
my ddire is, that you would ul'e me as all Indi.^n fur
my money. 'I'lien lliould I think niyfelf much
belioKIin to your woilliip, and am more willing to
de.il with you, than with them. I'ui therniorc,
forafimich as ymi be at enmity wi:h tlie iflaiuls of
I'uloway an.l I'uloiin, iiiy d-.ilre i:> to be refiKed,
wlKthcr I may have thiir Ipice without )(iur hindcr-
aiue. Tliiisdefii ing our anfi^er to thje pariieulars,
..:k1 t'.ie lame to be leiumed by the luareis, 1 bid
you larcwcl. I'rnni cm board my fhip, tliis 7th
day of I'ebruar) , 1610.

Your's, in fiiendfliip,

DAVID .VIIDDLETOK."

The Englifli coming to the caftle, were biought
to ilie governor, who was fittinj; in council, and
delivered the letter, which was read openly : bufthcy
would fend him no aniwer but by word of niuith.
I'ney had in the road three great lliip«, of lor.) tons,
nnd three pinnaces of thirty tons each j one of llw
Ihlps, called the Cireat Sun, being unlit for fervice,
they dctcrniiiu-d that they (lioiild clap the Expedition
on board, and there be let on fire : for this purpolir,
lliey had fworn tevcral pcrfons to m.ike her fart with
chain-, and had put into her thirty barrels of pow-
der to blow her up. She was to be manned out of
the caftle, attended with nil the fliips and boais to
rec. ive the men when fhe froutd take fire. The
Cireat Horn was to go and ride within mufqiiet-fhot
of the Englilh, nnd batter them while the fiigates
plud round to keep them enijdoyed on nil fides.
Ihofe who landed, perceiving the fpeed they made
to warp out the (jreat Sun, came away as fall as
they could, to acquaint Captain Mid 'letrn with
what was going forward. Upon which he thoujlit
lit to go and fpeak with the governor himCilf, before
h» came to a rupture : lb taking his conimiffion, he
went to the cafrle, and was met at l.indiiig by the
governor, and all the principal men, both of the
calUe and (hips, and conduiled through a guard of
fmall (hot of 300 foldier^, who falutcd him with
three volleys, and tlic cadle with fcven guns. At

length

T O C. i; I N I A A N I) 1 II I. K A S l I N D I 1! S.

3: J

i-rii'ir^ lunilV, wli'.n- Ik-
iiiiiiiiirioii, but ni> mull',

ilie

til
a-
of
to
he
hot

aiie

as
Ith
It
ore

he
the
the

of
nth

At
ipth

boat to ail on llioic lur w.ilcr, wiihoiit ii man nt thcii<,
to lie tliat liny hail no i-onUiuuc witli thj nuivi-s

lrn!»ih lif t.imp to ilu- [;
IIk'ivi'iI ih.' tirit liic nl hii
niul IiiiIr oI iiiiii,i|iiciKi' w.H tlonf at this muiini;.
He iiltciwai'I'i I'rtlicJ le. J iiuuml* to procure a l>>aJ-
Ing, but luccn ilr J no better. Ilivnig let thu niatifr
on toot, hi" told the L;iivern<ii, innv ihcy wi le laiil-
Hed lli.it he waa no in.in iil w ir, lie wi>uld brin;; in
his lhi|). He replied vsilli the nit, that tluy were
ready to ohli^'tf Inm as iinu b a-. I ly in iw. jiowei. It
drawing late, he took bis leave, and at Ins ;;oing into
the boat, tie (.'(nerimr ordrred all llic yuns in the
calUe to be lired. As be palled by the (hips and
friuatrs, tliey tired i;uns till he got on board.

Next day beini; llic 8th ot February, he brouaht
the lliip into the rc^id, aiiJ rule belwern tin ir lliip'-
and the callle, f.ilutini; \mli bis ■;nn>i and w.i
aniaered from the I'.illlc and fliip'i. As Iimhi as tluy
tame to anchor, the jjoicinm', Willi all the thxt?. ot
the c.lUe and lhip>, t.inieon boitwl, and acceplid ot
• dinner, I'luh as tluy could ptovidi. Altcrwauls
he talked .ibuut the i.uliiii'., but could luiiMer bv
»r({unieiit, nor thj oti'er of j{,ft;, (ibtamL.u.- to Inn'
al'in^Ie pound ot Ipice j the u.i!\eini.>r ttiliii;; bmi
plainly, that to urant Inch a lib. itv, wis as nuicli
as Ins lilu W.1S worth. The c ipi.un liaJing there
w.is nil j'.ood to be done, ileli.raiui<.d to lal.e ill water,
and t<y bis toitune i but tlu v would not I'ult'er his

at to i;o on 11
lee that tin
Alter he bad ;;ot in water, he Unt Mr. Sp.'biuij; to
ji.i|uaint the j'ovirnor that he would be j-one j who
much wondored wliither the ca|itain inlendid to n-i,
the winds beiii;; welkriy. Having waipcd till Ik
pot lea-riKiiii, he lit tail, the p,overiior leiidiii;^ ihiee

I linn. ices to go out with bun, one o| which lent her
)oat on board, to coiiimaiul bim in the governor's
li.iiiK', not to ^o mar any ot' thcio il'an.ls. Captain
Middletoil lent him woid, be would not be .it bis
command, for he wm:. (joiiw to I'uloway as tall as he
(ould; bidding; bim lend his lliips lu loice bim
away, for that he wouM iiii;c«.ly diive the tiij;ates
farther otf. The boat returned on boaid one of the
frij;at..'S ; and t'le captain caul'nl the men to prepare to
tiji;ht with t'lc Dutch Ihips that vvae alieady tittcd
with their fails brouyht to the yard for that piirpolV.
He then called all bis company to know their minds,
and told iliem tliat if tluy would iLind by bim, he
intended to make his voya^..- at thole ilUnd:> in Ipile
ot the Dutch : piomltin^ lo give amongtl iheiii wliat
tilings b.lon^'.ed to him in the lliiji ; and a maintain-
ance during lite, to evciy man who iliould happen to
be maimed. They unanin.oully declared llicy wen
willinj!; to (tanj the tell ; but the pinnace l'ccini>
thcrn bring up their linall tlioi, thought it would
^.)t be tale f.ir tbemfelve. to jiuard him any longer,
and ihen lore bore up for the harbour. While they
weic warping out, the aJiniial and licutenant-
(Mivernor of the r.dUe, had been l.vice on board the
pinnaces : but what tbe\ did th re, was unknown lo
the l',ii;.',lith. Tlu winds btiiig wetlerly, and a Ihrmg
tuncnt l.liing to ihe caft-noitbe.ill, tluv drove a
great pace : and the captain fent Mr. Spalding
in the boat with nmiK-y, betides the puller's mate,
and live more, to nll'urc the pople of I'ulowav, that
they b.iu parted enemies with the Dutch, and that
th'y were fent lo know, whether it — --\vould till
him their I'pice; that he would pay bim money
for i', and that as loon as fon:e pi. ice was found for
the (liip to ride in, be would come himlelf cither in a
fliip. oi a pinn.'.cc that be bad on hoard ready to
fet up. \Vhilc bis boat w-.is abfeiit, tht re tame
two praus tiom Lantor, to know why be wuit
a.vay. The i.i;<;a!n tcdd ihem that the current had
f t ihc fiiip oir. Ih.it lie would uilliiigly have gone to
Piiloway, if the ciuient bad not hindered hUn, and
h. d r.iit a facior tliite to buy i'pice. They laid, they
Wv. e glad that he had in t left tbim altogether.
Tlu II be lii lired lliri.i to tell ihe iiili.ib.t.mts cf Lantor,
th a ii-. wiaild give iikiii iiioiify oi comir,oditics lor
all tin tjiivi they hi.', il tli.y v>ould fell it bim,

i.iilur th.iii the Dutch, wlio cam: ifl t .'nc (heir
luuntiy lioin tluiu. One id tlur.i l.iid, lli.it I'.c
wi'uld i;<i lo the ill ind and lie lb.' c {.'..oi's pvuple,
.iiid then uoiild Ipv.ik to lliofe (d' l.ant.<r.

At Mr. Spalding's g"in ; on llioi', the couiilry
people II. liked about, an. I weltoiiKd h.in, biitvvould
make iiu l\ut'.aiii about the piicc, till Capi.iin Mil-
dleton caiiK In in lei I. However, they olieiil to diliv^r
Ipice upon aiciiiiiit in liienu.m tmie, I |i n this he
ordeied .Spalding to hire bim a pilot (i| Iil coiildj to
baibour his Hup near at band. Aicordiirlv, he i/oke
lo the inhabitants lor one, and iiay lured Imn two,
III whom tluy give twenty ri.ds, and the (..pMiii
as much. 1 he piluts coming on board the lam.:
iii hi, he bore up fur .Seraii, and c:iire t.i.tpl ic:
i...ll'.d (iela'iili, a toUrable gu <d lo.id, about j'.i
lc.i.:iKs hoiu liaiida. As loon as pilblde th.;y Iomk a
'.oii|., and broiii^lii their puin.ice on llwre lo let up,
.1 liicii lliey ii.ver could tind time to do Inf., re j In -
eaiil'e ilie lealoii of the year llippid to |,,it .may, an. I
111.- iiuiiifoon was at .in <nd. Aior l.ibourin", ,iU ili.i
iii.;ht t.i .;i-t h.l dilpal. Ii'd, be ii.,iiii.| lui 1 1 .. 1 1 p. -
w. il. TMe/;thot Maiili, tluy i.iiiid fur I'lilow.iy,
aiul .u rued there the {ill, in the iil^'ht, but could lu.:
l.ide ,i,)y Ipiie till they b.ul a;.'ii-e I Willi lii' nalaes,

.\it.r the price was fixed, tluy lo..ile,l llie Hop. will
with mace, .iiid lent tier away ) but b. ing loo Ini.ll
lor the piirpole, voniaining only nine ton , the c.ij)'
tiiii was lorced to lure a y.reat pr.i*, which .va> loadi.il
uiih nutmegs, aiul lent to the fliip, wlier. the WJS
built highei, to ni.ike her l.y tons, and t.velve of the
ahlill tailo's put on bo.iid. She ni.ide but one voyag,',
and llirii tluy heard no news of b r for three inont|u.
Tile lliipewcll in two Vi.>yages biiiij;in!; no ..ccouiil of
li.r, they took it l(irgraiu..d lli.il Ihe bad funk in llu
lloiiii, wiiicii arol'e in the rttiirn with the II ipjwill,
on boanl of winch the capt.iin was. lie was miali
;iieved to lie the I'ealon pals away, w ithoiil beiii;; able
1.1 get his l.iuing over to ilie llii|i, nor durll he bliiy
the Iliip ovei l.i ilie illaiid, a:, there w.is i;o iidiiig for
liir. Thus .ill luipc being :!i an end for li.\ nioiitlu,
he made ini|iiiry lor oth.;r viTulsj and healing of ."ii
old Junk th.it bilonged to I.antor, and Liyiiear ihj
Dutch Ihips, li,. w\iu aiul bou.lit her, and got fucli
help as be could totrim lur. I'hj lols of hisU\.Ku
men oecalioned great difiicultics and dilavs, lur mod:
of the rell wire dii.ibled with lore tigs. TliUs bo
knew not what lo do, the ill.ind biing in every re-
fpeil in danger of biing t.ken by tl.e Dutili, ulio
alfo meant to allaniiiatc him, i.li'cring huge funis of
money to rogues to ell'ciil it, either by poifnii or o.ther-
wilej but he bad I'omc friends upon the ilL.nil,
who gave him piivate notice, and warned bim to
beware of lucb inen-flavcs, for that th.y came to do
him a mifchief. L'pon this, be was obliged to get all
the ijlands to draw to an head, to fit out their cara-
cals tokeip the Dutch pinnaces from coming ort
board. Alter this they kipt their diftance, ami
the illanders landing I'ecretly upon Nera, cutoff' fe-
veral of tlie Dutch, infomuch that they durll
not nir out of the catllc, except when tli.ie were a
great number of them togethci well arnied. TbcJb
illanders built a fort upon the fu'c of a hill, from
whence they (hot into the c-lll.', whii h g ill.d the
Dutch very much, and cfi'eclually hindered the pin-
naces fiom coming out to cut them oil', .is often
as they attempted it.

Captain MiddlctoM was obliged togrt away the
junk. unriiii>ed, which he bad bought at Lantor; for
the Dutih feeing men at work upon bir, lent one of
their Ihips to batter her to pieec., « lien the would be
in order : lo that the ni.dit (lie weighed, (he
wanted much help to launch her, and was carried
away upcm rollers. They did this in the dark,
and getting her out of light by day, brought her to
Puloway, where, being nothing but the bare hull,
they were forced to buy fails and every tbinjelfc
for her. The captain lent alio to the fliip, by the
Hopewell, to fetch I'ome rigging, and Mr. John
Davis to carry her over, fitting her, as well as he

could.

111

V O Y A (J F. S OF THE E N « L I S It

coiilJ, wiih the .liJ <il' lomc carpdircr* of the cnuntry.
Thru- w.'ik< King p lit, witliuul heating ol the |iin-
nacc, hr begin to I'rar fume mitfortunc had bctilirn
hi'i, nnd what \v.i« worfr, he knew he miglit wail lung
rnnuijh before they on bnard (he (hip could hire anv
vcllilto fend to hiiiii the Dutch hivin); I'cizcd nil th.it
ihcy hid taken carrying vuiuaU tu the Handunefe.
Therefore it w>it pretty fnir weather, and the fkitf
w.K then at Puloway. Captain Middletnn deter-
mined to go over himfelf, and make fonie fhift, ra-
ther than Tel the time pafi wiihuiit doing anv thing :
lor he oould not hire men to carry the junk, if he
could h.ive loaded her with filvcr. He hired three
hUckt, not having a man of hit own ihaleouldlhuid
on hi« IcgH, and »vith them put to rea.— — Hciiig out
of fight of land, there arofe fuch a florm, that
thev were forced to fpo(>n iK-foiu the fea i yet they
got fi(;ht of Siran, but coming near the fliore, the
(la lirokc fo vi.dently, that they loll all ho|i* of get-
tipr- I'afc tol.md. Night approaching, they flrove all
they could to keep the villel above water till murning i
but the dorm incrcariiui;, ihcy focnd thcmfclvei
compelled to ha/.ird .,i to put into the breach over
a ledge of rocks. In thi», however, they fuccceded s
vet no man durft forfakc the boat, for fear of being
beaten to piecm againll the rocks.

The next day, they pot her on (horc, and emptied
her, bciiii; full of water, and everv thing they had
in her wilheil over-bitard. The blacks now came
und told them, that they mull put to lea dirci^tlv,
if they meant to I'.ivc their lives. 'l"he captain afjt-
iiic one of them the reafon : he ("aid, it was the canni-
b.ifs country ; who, if tlicy uot fi;;ht of them, would
kill and tat them : 'Ihat tliey never ranfoincd any
men they took j ajiJ that if they were chrillians,
they roaded them alive, (or the wrongs the Portu-
puc'fe had done them. On this they put off am!
loon j;ot a- head a good pace, and by day were clear
of their watches. As they proceeded, keeping clofc
along Ihorc, they law the hulk of a bark; and
rowing near it, found it to be the iJilij^cnee, with
two Knglifhmcn in her j they told him, that having
come to an anchor there, in the late llorm, the ciblc
broke, and flic drove on fijorc ; and that Mr. Hcr-
iiiman was j,one to the town, to get men to haul
Jier up. On this, the captain himfelf landed, to
I'ct the governor to bring fomc help to lave her ;
tlic land being crowded with people, who came on
purpofo to have pillaged her, he ordered his men
to fire now and then, which kept them from coming
near. When the captain came to the town, Mr. Her-
iiiman w.is gone by land to the ftiip, which was
12 miles ott. Having afkcd the governor for aflill-
ance, hr laid, he would raife the country in two
or three days : captain Middleton told him, that
if it blew, flic would be loft within an hour One
beloir'in" to Puloway, who knew the bark, and
was earncft with the governor to favc her, being
there, plainly told the captain that the chief wanted
to have hir bulged, that hf mi^iht get the planks
to build him a praw.— Finding there was no help
to be expei^ed, but what came from the fhip, he
hired guides to follow Mr. Herniman, and took one
of his own men for company. Half way, they came
t(. a great water, which they were to crols. As
hii man could not fwim, the captain fent his cloaths
hack, all but a fcarlct coat, wliich the bliirks were
to carry over. They told him the river was full of
alii-'UMrs, and that if he faw any, he muft fight
with th'.ni, as they would kill him : and, for that
purpnfe, the blacic carried a knife in his mouth.
Miidleion hrin.^ weary not having flept for two
ni"ht^ took the water before the Indians, knowing
they would be over before liim. The river being
broad, Mi the current made by the great rains th.n
had fiUen very fwifr,, the Indians would have h.ad
. him turn back, but as he wa.s more than half-way,
he w.^s very unwilling. Ht who carried the coat
h wing a great cane, ftruck the captain on the fide :
who, fuipcaing it had been an alligator, dived

under water : whrie the ciiiernt got liieh hold cl
him, that belure he could lilc again, he wan cariiid
into the (ca, and throuii by the wave* againll thu
brach. He was wnlhed bai.ward and lurwaid (<vc-
ral timet, till the Indian came, and giving Imii
hold of the end ol the cane, pulled him out, with-
in a little of being drowned, having his b.iL'k and
and (houldrr much bruifed. After he had relied
himfelf foi fomt time, he gut on board, ti> the Itii-
prifc of his company : and that night, ftnl all that
were able, to fav* the bark ; whie-n thry did, with
much fatigue. As for the |iro|)le of the country,
not a man wai futt'cred to leml a hand i expecting
the Englifh would forfakc her, and that Ihe would
be all their own.

The Hopewell arrived the next day with her ladinc;
of I'pice. She had licrn driven lu the callward ot
Uaiida ']o leagues, in a moll violent llurni ; which
continued, long, and cauled thent to have a tediou«
pall'age to get tu windward. 'I'he captain Mcnt (rom
Puloway in the boat, and landeil prelently i and Mr.
Uavii wai lading as fait as he could with a lamu
crew, the found bcinz all employed about the Dili-
gence. They prefently unloaded the Hopewell ; and
that night, captain Middlrtun let fail in her, to feu
if he could get to Puloway, before Mr. Davis caino
away : for, as they told him the junk was very leaky,
he was willing that the Hopewell Ihogid b'ar her
company, for fhe had not a nail in her -, aiul htcauli:
fmitht of the country could not make naiN, ilu y hav-
ing had none of their own, ordered liim tluy em-
pluycd, to make iron pin>, which they diljmlid
of in mo<l need'V ■'!■ "• 'I'he captain of ti^e I lojie-
well driving to lej.ch Puloway, was turned aliilc by
the dream, in a guat dorm j for the ftronger tin;
wind, the dronger the current. Ucing forced to
litward they were long before they could reach the
diip i and were obliged to leek the Seran /hore,
otherwili; they had been quite blown away. The
captain having In the fcvcral trips he made, 11 ill
fallen to the leeward of the (hip, caufcd Mr. Davis
to fenrch for fome harliour, that for the fituir
the veflels that were providnl, niiglit come from
Pulowar direitly to the Ihip : beiaule, when diep
laden, they could not fu eafilv ply to windward with
their oars, — During tlie captnins long day fiom
Puloway, and the iilands of Ilanda, the naiivts had
intelligence, that the Ih',' had weighed anchor ; and
were pcrfuaded, ih i he w u gone for fear of the
Dutch, who v.cre determined to come and fiiipriCe
him. For t'ais reafon, the country people would
not deal with the Enj:lilh any more, nor Icll them
vlduaN, hut began to abul'e and rail at them ; lav-
ing, he was gone in the fliip, and had left them
on the ifland, after the example of the Dutchmen j
and would, like thcfe, return with n fliec, and takt-
their country from them, and they determiin-d to
feiie upon the houfe, and keep the men prifoncr"^,
upon a high rock. With this view, thev (rnt tor
the .Shah Bander, that by joint content, thev niij'.ht
take poU'elfion of .ill the gncxis. When the Sli.ili
Uaiuler caine, Mr. Spalding went to acquaint him of
the hard ul'agc of the iflanders, who beu,an to ta'ic
things out of the houf by force. The Sh.ih ILimicr
laid, they would take cart that the Knplilh flunild
not do as the Dutch had done, and were di u rniincd
to lay them fad, for that the Ihip was gone, and their
meaning was not {;ood. In fliort, all that .Mr,
Spalding could fay, would not pcrliiadc them bur
that he and the red, were left there by dcfi;;n. Next
dav, calling a council in the church, thiy iclol/ed
to fend the men pril'oners to the rock : luit newt
coming, while they were fitting, that caprain Middle-
ton was in fight in the Ho|)ewcll, thev brfkv up
their confultation. At his landing, Mt. Spalding
told him of their hard ufagc to them, and tho fear
thry were in. As the chiefs I'f all the idands /at
before their door, waiting for his n.ming, he afked
them the reafon, »hv they dc.ilt fo ill with his jwo-
ple, in his abfence ? Thev luld him plainly, that

<• 'if

16^9' 1

TO GUINEA AND TUF EAST FNDIKS.

llc-

"'8

if he hill not COIT1C m hi- tlij, they wmilil have t.ilciii |
Ihc g«ntl<>, and cniiliiuil llu- nun i he tin ii li't thini
know ih^: rcifon tor uiixn imj; the Ihipi .hUIiii);, tli.it
it WJ« no woiiilir thf Duuh h ul built .i c.illk- tn
drfL'nd thfinfilns, wlu'ii thi y ''i-.ilt lii with thiin ;
»n>\ h.iil not oiilv kit nuMi aiimr ;H tliiin, with cim-
moililie* wliuh ilucmmlry Hum,! hi ih-ciI of, but li.nl
■Ifo nuili' thi Dutch, who w> n- thi'ir ciiciniti i aiiil
endc.ivoiirt'J hy all the nitaiis he i-ouKI contrive, to
do tht illiniU gooj, i% thiy very will knew. To
thin th.y anfwiiul, th.it he minlit not hl.iine them
for heiny jenlom nf elirilli.iin, (iiue hotli the I'or-
tii(;iiele .inJ Dutch, for ni.iny ye.iri, hul done .u
lie liul done, th.it in the iiul, tiny found their de-
figii v/.\s to take their country from lliini. However,
at len;;th they apolo'-iled Tor what li.id hapiiened,
and buMine gooj friend^ again, and the tr.idc

for fpicc went (Ui linlkly. C.iptain Middleton,

after i.iding his Ihip, havin,; fome Hock led,
thou;.',ht he could not do liviiei, than to lay
it out ill the fame eomnioiliiiev. Aceordiiijily, he
laded JO tons more in the junk, aiul bought another
of 40 tiuis (on the (locks) with fpice to lade hei ;
Icavinj; Mr. Spaldini;; to come in her, and Mr.
Chapman for mailer, with tm others. After this
capt.un Middlet<in wiiit and tonk his !■ ave of all
the country, in a moll ibli:'iiig manner j ami bellowed
fcveral jjilis for a t.iuuet, intieating thcni to help
Mr. Sp.ildinj", if he IlioiiM ll.iiul in need of their
ainilaiKe ; for that in his ablVnce he mull rely on
tlieni. This they proniilid to do; addin;', many c.k-
Jirellions of klnllnel^, He was lorced to convey over
the Hopewell liiml'eli, and let fail the twenty-levrnlh
of Sepuiiibi r from I'lilinsay, with the junk, hav-
in;; Haiti .1 confiderahlc time loni;er in the country
than any Knglilhnian ever did helorc. He arrived at
the Ihipoii tFie loth ; and alter he was wholly laden,
they let fail from ICiilini; Day the fame day, without
toplails, which had been blown fioin the yard, (where
they had been ever linee the Ihip came into the coun-
try, for fear of the Dutch, or other treachery) in Ivr
Jiall'age from the place where (lie rode before, fevcn
cagues to the eallward J Ml, Davis havins; removcil
her by the captain". diiei'lions. Holding; on hiscourle
on the i<)thof October, he arrived at Mantam road ;
here lie found that Air. HenlAiirth, and Edward
Neelles, both died, foonalui he I ll them j fo that
all the goods remained, andiiot a vanl of cloth haviiii;
been difpofed of to the Chinefe. Mod of the lom-
panv bein;; Hill troubled with fore legs, and ni.inv
fickly, he left the uiifouiid on board, under the lai
of th: lar:eon, and manned the junks withtliofe who
were in psrleclt liealtli. There came in a I'mall (hip,
which after havinj; been at China, Japan, Ternate,
Macian, C'^romandcl, i'atancand Jor, went to Am-
bovna and Haiida, to leek for lading ; but not I'/ttinc;
any, was forci'd to repair to this port, to lade with
pepper. This fhip, when at Haiida, failini; near
Pulowav, tired her great guns at once, one of whole
fliot pili'ed through an Indian's boule, and two
fuckles of mace in the Knglilh lioul'e, Ihuek the pur-
fer's mate u)>oii the fliiii, and entering a chcft of fine
pintad'-e^-, I'poiled many of them : it ilid not break

the mate's

but the man was l.inic for li.x months.

Captain .Middleton contiived malieis l.i ni II .il R.iiii'a,
as to leiiiie his own ladin,; I'llli Inil dtluiUj^h the
Dutch 111 1 two gnat (hips hall lidiiibfue lis m-
riv.il, they could ikiI get luie (iM;;li' poiiii I ii| fpirc
alierw.irjs. At tlu lame tniieth.y weie it.itk lii.d li»
fee the Kii^;lilh p.ifn by tiieiii d, U' with tli, t coiiinu)-
diiy : thetiloie the y iletermiiud with th. ir (liips, to
take the illan.l, and lei/e the Ipici, whnli Ihiy kmw
ihecapt.iui hail bought, at (uih a time ..s Ihe) mi';hl
eilily have done 'it. Hut, thtir deligii milc.'ir-
ned i liir It priived calm wlv 11 they were iiil if ilic
harbour, thy cnuld not j^et in a.;iiii, and it being at
the time ol ipiiiig tide, the ebb let the (hiji to the
liuithwar.l ot the illaiid ; and the puiiuies wcii!
obliged Id lolldw the (liip>, ((.r f..ir ibe ciiiialt
Ihould have taken Ituiii. Alter l.ibMunng with all
their power for t>v<> days, to come li.uk, thiy weiu
lorced to pioettd hn llantini, to lade peppir. II iv-
iiii; been long becalmeil b) the w.iv, they l.iw a Ihip
light to leeward, whiih they thuiij lit, loiitdbenoiie
elK but Captain .Miildh ton : theiiloie it wasagiviJ
ill cniineil, to take him .ind all his Ipu e i but what
they difigiied to haie dime with the (Inp and lom-
paiiy, he could not luirii. It proud to be the I'lo.
viiicc of IJnll.iiKJ, il jrrcat ftiip ihit was bound to
K.iiula i and had been .11 tlu M.diiieas, butiouMiiot
get any Ipiee ( and were inlornied by llie otliir two,
th.it theyc.inie Inaii Ihiiida with them to lade pepper;
— Thus Ih. 1,11 ;,lilh lie. ped them.

Kinht Diitih lliips rame to Uantani fur pepper :
and lieciule lliey weie to Hay a year for hiding, they
took in planks, and materials for niakin • liankerv,
and llrengiliening their calllis at llanda, aiul leniate,
whither they went alter Captain MidJKtoii's arrival.
His lame company being veiy weak, fell liik, and his
gunner, anil one of his i|iiarter-maHct's ded, ami
ihrie mine liion alter. Therefore the (liiji Uing lilted,
the nellern monl'oon come, .niul no prolp.otof the
junks arrival befure May, he rel'olucl to return. Hut
if one of ihe junks had come, he would have rc-
miiiied in the country, and lined her logo for Sal-
danna. As ihey did not, he thought it n.uH for
the company's lervice, to leave the Indies, in or-
der to brin'^ home the (iiip, in cale Davis and Clay-
borne (liould die by the way. Three days before he
Huitted Uani.un, fiMir fail (part of a (leet of nine
(hips) entired the road. They brought a gre.it num-
ber of women to inhabit the places they had ron-
ipiered ; they were lii very weak, tliat the otlier fliip's
company viere lurced to fetch them in one bv one.
— C.iptain Middleton bavin;; Kit .t proper pcrfon in
eliar;;e of the houfe, and orders lor Mr. Spald-
ing, (when he arrived) to undertake a voyage to
Uorneo, lor diamonds, accordingly he departed fur
Bantam the 16th of November, and had a very good
pad'age to the road of Saldanna, where he caH anchor
on the iiHof Jaiunry, and took in water. He found
that his brother Ki: Henry Middleton, had arrived
there the 24ih of Jiilv, and'depaited the loth of Au-
■ull. There he touiul the copy of a letter which Sir
Hiiiry had written to the company, and lint home by

a Dutch vell'el the day after he came into the road

This is all material that is recorded of the voyage in
this iclatioii.

THE VOYAGE of SIR HENRY MIDDLETON to THE RED SEA;

AND SURAT, IN 1610.

IN this voyage three (hips were eirployed : The
Trade's IiicrealV, of 1000 tons, the admiral. Sir
Henry Middleton commander 1 the I'eppcr-Coin, of
Vol.. I. No. 33,

250 tonji vice-admiral, Nicholas Dounton, captain,
and the Darling, of 90 tons : The Hark Samuel, of
180 tons burtlu;n followed at a vii^tuallcr.

5K Q,^

VOYAGES OF THE ENGLIsrf

On ihf tirllof May, 1610, the flfct mchoreJ in
the road of Cape VcrJc, under an ifland, where they
found a Frenciiman uf Dieppe fitting up u finall pin-
nace. Next day the carpenters of all the (hips went
about repairing thcmaininaft of the Trade's Increnl'c,
Pulling off the fiflies they found it tn a very bad con-
dition, and above the u| ')cr dcek, about tiiieo foot,
wrung more than half afundcr. Had they iilet with
any foul weather, it inuft have gone by the board.
1'hc 4th, they began to unlade the bainuci, and fcni
carpenters to cut down trees, having obtained leave of
the Alcayde, who came on board, and dir.cd with the
commander. Sir Henry gave him a jiiice of Roan
cloth, (bought of the Trenchman} and fomc trifles
bcHdcs.

On ttie I5tli, having made an end of watering,
»nd flowed ail their boats in the night, they p.cparcd
todtpait next morning. ('I'hc author lays. Cape
Verde was the belt place he knew for outward-bound
fhips, the road being c,\celKnt and good, and fit for
the difpatch of any bufmcfs, and well flocked with
fi(h i befidcj, it lay in their courfe.) Having confulted
with Captain Dounton, and themalter.s, what courfe
was beft, they refolved to hold on till they had palled
the line, anJ then to ftretch over eafterly. Here they
difmiflcd the Samuel. They entered the road of Sal-
danna, on the 24th of July, and faluted the Dutch
admiral with five guns, which he returned. There
were two other Dutch Ihips in the bav, which came
to make train-oil of Icals, and had filkd 300 pipes.
This day he landed, and found the nanus of Captain
Keiling, and others, in their return in January, i6oq,
alfo his brother David MidJIeton's, who came out
In Augull, 1609, befules a letter buried underground,
according to agreement between tliem in England;
but it was fo damp, that no part of it was legible.
'J'he 2f)th, they fet up a tent for tlie fick, and had
them all on fliore to air the Ihips. From this day, till
their departure, nothing material happened. The 6th
of September, before inght, thev canie loan anchor
in St. Augullinc's Bay, where they found the Union
in diftrefs for provifion. The yih, the commander
went on fhorc in his pinnace, to look for fitfli vic-
tuals, but could get none ; fo returned with wood
and water. On tlic iolh,co3lling the fhor-; with a good
gale, fouth-caft, they reckoned the (hip fhould have
lailed at leaft 26 leagues, yet went but 22 north, by
ic.ifoii of the cur.'er;t's fett'Pg fo thi' loiithward. The
12th, they fteered between north nortli-eaft, and
iiorth-by-caft ; their true way weftcrly one third of
a ))oint, latitude nineteen degrees forty-eight
minutes. The current, thefe latt foui-and-twenf,
hours, fet to the northward, wind variable. 'I lie
13th, they fleered with little wind and calms, for the
mod part north-by-eaft, the true way north, one
third part weft, the winds as the day Iwfore. She
failed 15 leagues laore than was cxpcdted, occaAoned
fey the current's fetting to the north-wclt ; latitude by
obfcrvatioi) 19 degrees 10 minutes. The 2Cth at
noon, latude 11 degrees, lo minutes, the wind veer-
ing eafterly, with calms, variation 12 degrees 40 mi-
nutes. This afternoon they law tlieiflands of C.)iie-
rimba, which are low and dangerous, being envi-
roned with rocks and flioals. The fitfl of Oi^lobcr
they fteercj norl'.i-cr.ft-by -north, 27 degrtcs, the
wind for the moll part fouth-eaft.

Holding their courfe for many days on the 17th,
early in the morning, they law llie Diias Hermanas,
fix leagues off, north by welf, the wind at fouth-
Wcft; variation 18 degrees, 55 minutes. The 18th
at night, they arrived at Socotra, and anchored in a
fandy bay, latitude 12 degrees, 25 minutes. In the
evening they took with their feiue grc.it plenty of firtj ;
wind call. The 21ft they plied for the road of Ta-
inerin, the chief place ol' the ifland j but the wind
being at eaft, and catt by fouth, it w.is the ?,5th be-
fore they could get thither. The latitude of Tamerin
12 degrees 30 minutes; the variation 19 degrees 18
minutes. The to An ftandsat the foot of high rugged
kills. The road is open bet .vccn the call by north,

.!6lO

and wc/1-by-north, they anchored in ten fithonvs
water, good ground. 'I"be25th, the commajider lint
Mr. Kernel, well accompanied on (hore, «i h a veil
of cloth, a piece of plate, and a fword-blaiic to thi;
kin^, who proniifed to fcrve them in every thing.

On the 26th, Sir Henry landing with the chief
merchants, and a guard of armed men, was .ondn^ii-J
to the kind's houle. That prince met him at his cham-
ber door. Being entered, and featcd by him in a chair,
there pafled many compliments, after whith the
commander enquired concerning' the trade of ilic
Rcd-fea. The king commended it higlily, faying,
the people of Aden and Mocha were good people, aiid
would be gbd to trade with him. He adde<l, that
the Afcenliun had dilpofed of her goods at high rates,
and came fo light into the place, that Ihc look in a
great deal of ballaft. This account picafed Sir
Henry, who then dtfircd to fet up his pinnace 1 the
king refuiing that liberty in this road, granted it at
the place where they firlt anchored : he was apprc-
henfive that if they ftaid to fet her up in Tamerin,
the merchants of other nations would be afraid ta
come thither. He gave free leave alfo to t.ike in
water, but faid he muft pay very dear for wood, i(
he had any; adding, that thofe of all other countries
who came thither, |iaid for their water, but of hira
he would demand nothing. He had fent all his
aloes to his father, the king of I'attacjue, in Arabia
Kiclix, whofe chief city and place of relidcncc was
called Cufliem. He cuafirmed the lofs of the Af-
cenlion and her pinnace. Sir Henry alked if they had
Jeft any letter behind them ? he fa.d, he had, but that
his fervant had loft it. He diffuadetJ the tommander
from feekiiig tr.\de in the country of Fartaque, foe
that he believed his father would not permit it: but
advifed him to go for the Red-fea. 'i'hey all diii.J
with the king that day.

On the 17th of November, as they fteered weft-by-
foutb, and wcft-fouth-weft along the coaft, about
ten o'clock they law a higli-'aiid, wiiich they ima-
ined to be Aden: it rofe like Abba del Curia,
and might be fecn a gieat way elf. In the evening
i.bout lix, they anchored in twenty fathoms water,
fandy ground, before the town ; which Hands in a
valky at the foot of a mountain, and iii:ikes a good
appearance. It was cncompafled with a ftone wall,
and delcndcd by forts and bulwarks in many places j
but how provided he knew not. This night a fniall
boat came out to view them : Itanding in, (the wind
at eaft-foutli-call) they were carried to the eaftward
by the cuircnt at leaft twenty leagues, to their
lurprifej fur they thought it would have fet to the
weft. A fmall boat from the town came on board ori
the 8th, v/ith three Arabs, who faid they were fent
by the liiutenant governor, to know what nation
tliey were of, and their bufincfs thither : adding, if
they were Eiigliflimen, they were heartily welcome;
and that the year before. Captain Sharpey had been
there, and from thence went to Mocha, where he
made fale of all his goods. One of them being allwi. J
the name and charaiSler of the balha : he aiiAvned,
" his name was Jaft'er Baftia, and that his prcdecetior
was very bad, this little better: an) that all the
Turks in general \v(yc good ior little." Alking
if Moclia was agood place foi trade- they anfwered,
" that there was a man in the tow n, who could buy alt
his merchandili;." Sir Henry fent his pinnace on
(hoie,- and John Williams, one of his factors, who
fpi'ke the Arabic langu.ige : they were kindly en-
tertained. Having fent tlie pinnace to gt^pilot
for Mocha, the town would not let them have .wiy,
without leaving three of the chief merchants in pledge.
However, feeing the fliips under fail, they entreated
Sir Henry to leave one for that port, proiiiifing tu
buy all the goods ; he thought fit to leave the Pepper-
corn there, and failed with tho other two lor
Mocha, therefore they did what they could to get
into the road again, hut could not, b;'ing carried tO'
ceward with the current. Having anchored to the
fouihward of the town, Mr. Fowler and John

VViiiiiims,

i6io.]

+ d GUINEA AND THE EAST INDIE?.

37J

on
lit

')■>•

to-

he
hn

lis,

Williams, were fciit on flioic, to tell them he would
leave one of the (hips to trade, provided tiicy would
let iiim have a pilot ; they Iccnitd very glad, pro-
miflng to fend one next day. On the I2tli, Sir
Henry feeing no hope of any pilot, though olien
pruinired one, about noon fct fail along with the
l)arling, for Motlia ; the wind eal(-fouth-eal(.
'I'licy coafted the lliore, fomctimcs weft-fouth-wi(l,
and welf-by-north, in twenty-eight and thirty
t'atlioms, following a finatl fail till they loll fight of
her. On the 13th, they hild on their courle along
the fliorc all that night, fleering between weft by-
north, and moft by fouth ; their true way well. 'I'lie
next day betimes, tlicy faw the head-land guing into
tho ReJ-fea, riling liite an idand thirty lc.i;;ucs from
Aden. After they had palled the Streight of Babel-
mandel. Sir Henry feiit !iis pinnace for a pilot, to
A village on the north-ftlorc, in a fanJy bay, which
returned with a couple of Arabs, who toolc upon them
to be very Ikilful.

The depth in the Streight was between eight and
eleven fathoms water. Coafting the land north-by-
weft, and north-north-weft, in between eighteen and
twenty fathoms : about four o'clock they delcricd the
town of Mocha, and about five luffed in: but the
Wiml being high, they fplit their main top fail, and
hoifting their mizzen, it fplit likcwife. Here the
pilots ran the Trade's Increafe on fliure upon a bank
of fand. As the wind blew hard, and the fca ran
fomething high, they were all in fear ihc could nut
1>e got on. This night there came a boat on board
from the town, with a Turk, a haiulfoine man, font
by the governor to know what they were, and their
bufincls. Sir Henry told him, they were Englifti
merchants, who came to feck trade. He anfwered,
If they were Engllftimen, they were heartily wel-
come, and Ihuuld not fail of what they fought j for
that Alexander Sharpey had fold all his goods there,
and they might do the like. As for the ihip's goinjj
On fliore he m.ide nothing of it i faying, th.ttit was
common for great fhips of India to run agtound, and
yet that he never he.ird of any that fullaincd harm
thereby. He made haftc back to inform the a^a who
they were, promifing to return next morning, with
boats to lignteii the Ihip.

On the 14th, early, he returned with three or four
Turks more, of which two fpeke Italian. They
brought the commander a fmall piekiit from the
aga, with compliments, and oft'ers of any thing the
country afforded ; faying, he (hould hare as good and
I'rec trade as they had in Conftantinople, Aleppo, or
any part of the Turk's dominions. There came with
them four or five lighters, in which the Englifh put
any thing that came firfl to hand, to lighten the fhip ;
Mr. Femel went on fhore in one ot them, before
£ir Henry was aware, carrying all he had in the fhip
with him. They fcnt all their money, elephants
teeth and (hot, on board the Darling, and laying
out their anchors to pal's, in the evening they tried to
heave her off, but could not make her ftir. On the
25th, they lid what they could to lizhcen the fliin.
lenili'" 3 tome goods on (hore, and fonie on board the
Darling j Sir Henry had a letter from Mr. Kemel,
giving an account of his kind entertainment by the
sga i and that he had agreed to pay five per centi
Cuftom, for all they Ihoul fell ; and that what they
could not fell, (hould be returned on board cuftom
free. He likewife received from the aga htmfelf, a
letter under his hand and fcal, offering hiinfelf, and
whatever the country afforded at his fervice; About
five o'clock they bcg«n to heave at their capftancs,
and at length got the (hip afloat again. On the 19th,
(wo boats came from Mr. Kernel for iron, which the
commander fent ; but wrote word, that he would
(end no more goods till thofc already Lmded were fold.
Femel, in anfwer, informed him, that if lie intended
to trade, he mull come on (hore according to the
cuftom of the place, otherwife they would not be
pcrfuaded but that they were men of war. The aga
Itltcwifo fenc the interpreter to tell him, that if he

was a friend to to the great Turk, and a merchant
who expei^ted to trade, he entreated him to land |
alledging, that Captain Sharpey, and all the Indian
captains did fo. On the 20th', Sir Henry landings
w.is received at the water-fidc by feveral perfoiis ot
diltiniffion, and with niufic, brought to the aga's
houlc, where all the principal men of the town were
:ill"embled. He was received with all the marks of
friendfhip imnginnble. He was feated clofc to the
aga (all the rett ftanding] who loaded him with com-
pliments and welcomes. Sir Henry delivered the
king's letter with a prcfent to the baiha, which he
defired niiglit be fent up with all fpeed. lie likewife
gave the agaaprelent, which he received very kindly,
alluring him, that he (hould not have the leiift inu-
leftation in his trade ; and tint if any of the inhabi-
tants offered him or his people wrong, he would (jc
them fevc;ely pumfhed. After this, he caulcd him
toftand up, and one of his chief men put on him a
veil of ciimfon filk and filvcr, faying, he needs not
fear any evil, for that was the grand ligniof's pro-
tcdiun. Having taken leave, he mounted a fine
horfe with rich furniture, led by a man of rank, and
fo, with the mulic of the town was conveyed to the
Knglifh houfe ; where he dined, and prefently went
on board. The aga was very importunate with him
to ftay on (hore, which he yielded to^ in order to fee
his pinnace eonftructed.

The aga every day f;nt Sir Henry fome fmall prc-
fent or other with compliments j to know if he
wanted any thing. On the zlith, he lent twice to
delite him to be chearful ; and acquainted him, that
as foon as their time of fafting was over (which waS
almoft expired) he would have the commander ride
abroad with him to his gardens, and other places of
plcafure. The lame afternoon Mr. Pcmhcrton hav-
ing gone on (hore for cocoa-nuts. Sir Henry made
him ftay to fupper : after which, being ready to go
on board, the Turks would not permit him ; faying,
it was too late, but that in the morning he might go
as early as he pleafed. The commander fent to
intrcat leave for him, but they would not grant it.
All this time they fufpeiSled no harm, but imputed it
to over-much caution in the officers j who they
fuppofed had done it without order, of which, he
deligiied to have complained to the aga. Next day,
at fun-fet. Sir Henry caufed ftools (as was his cuftom)
10 be pi;!"-"!.! at the door, where he fit with Meifrs;
I'"emel and I'emberton, to take the frefli air. About
eight there came a janiftary from the aga, to de! ver
fome meffage to him; but not underftanding him,
the commander fent his man to look for one of his
company, who fpoke the Turkifh langu-ige* When
his interpreter came, he learnt the purport of th«
nuHage : which was, that the aga had fcnt his
l<;rvice, dcfiring him to be merry, for that he had
received good news from the ba(ha. As he was about
to go on. Sir Henry's man returned in a great fright,
and told them they were all betrayed 1 for that the
Turks and his people were fighting at the back of the
houfe. The TiTJc who fat by, being d..lwoiis td
know what the matter was, thcv told him : he rofe
up, and alked the fcrvant to (5iew him where they
were. Several of the Lngli{h ran after them, to fee
what was the matter, and Sir Henry hinifcif ran
after the reft, calling as loud as he could, to returrl
back and make good their houli:. But while he wa$
fpeaking, he was knocked down by one behind him^
and remained as dcid, tiil the extreme pain, in
tying his hands behind him,- brought him to his
fenfes. As foon as they faw him ftir, they lifted him
up, and two led him between them to the aga's j
where he found feveral of the compa/i'y in the fame
condition.- By the way the foldiers pillaged him of
his money and three gold rings : when thofe who had
efcaped with life in this malfacrcy nere brought toge-
ther, and put in irons: Sir Henry \Vith feven more,
were yoked by the neck in one chain, fome were
fettered by the hands, others by the feet, and twol
foldiers were left to guard them. In()i>iring into the

yV.,

sSo

VOYAGES OF THE ENGLISH

r.'-«.

aft'.»ir, lie ua? inlormul, th.it Fiancis Shinny, John
Laiiflut, iiiiil f\\ more were kilU\l ; niul roiutccii ot
tliiilc I'lcfcrit wcro much wounJi-d : that thvir houfc
hiid bct-n lurrouiidtil witharnitil fnkliiT*, who, at the
inOaiit he was iVruck down, fell ujioii the Kii^lilh,
wh'i were «HMtc unarnud and drfi-nctltfs.

The Turks thus haviii;; reriirnl their jjerfons, thtir
next dcfij^n was to take thrir (hi|i< and gt>oc!s ; for
this piirpofe, about ton oVIikIc, they aimeJ ihiix
I'lCdt hoars with i 50 fuldiers iii them to take the Dar-
Iini;, which rode nc;!r the flion.-. Thit th'jynii;;ht
pafs for Chrillians, thiy took oft" their tuibans, and
hoatd'iif; her altojicthcr, entered mod of their men.
This was to fuddin, thatthncof the l>arlin;^\ ciew
were kilkd before they could git down ; the Kit -jiit
to their clofe fiuhts ; but by mirtakin,^ tUcir cifitnin's
command'-., the Turks K.ipul into the hoat, cut the
cables, and drove oft" with the curR'nt. By this time
the Diilin;^'sfnen hni! :;i't thrir weapons, the 'furks
ftandin" very thick in the w jiff, Isollowinc; ai-dciafli-
in;; their fwords u)ion the dcvk. One ol the cotn-
p.my tlirew a lar^e barrel ot ^un-pM»iler amonjft
theiii, and after it a firebiand, nliieh lixik fo ;^r>d
efteot, that feveral were hiirncsi. The reft, tor moiv
fafity, (as thev thciurjit) retired to iIk- hilf-deck
and tile poop, where they wi le annoixiJ with niiif^uct-
fhot, and another tniin of pmrdei, which foterriheil
thim, tli.it f.mie Kipul ioio the fea, others hun:; by
the fliip-fide, iniploiiiv; incirv, which w.is n<i(rohe
found i for the l.iilors killed ill they cue.ld find, .ind
the reif were drowned : only one nan wa-^ lived, who
hid himfelf till the fury of the liaht wj.; over, inJ
then received mercy. The hoar> ifturning, bioii;.',hl
news that the (hip was uken, for which there was
great rejoiciii;r, .ind the r.nvi tnor lento)}' the boats
a;^ain to biini^ her up to theto.\n; but when they
came to the pl.ico wliere flje uled to ride, rliey found
her ft.indini otf' under fail. Retuniin;;, they told the
aga, the fliip had efcaped, and (hat they h. lJ<ved the
Emirlal liahr, (lord of the fea) and his foidicrs were
all taken pritoiier'. This vims vcrvdifa;>retahle news
to him ; however, fome tiine hifoie day, hefenttluii
iiuerpretcr 10 tell them, that the fniali fhip was ta-
k-n, which Sir ILnrv bclieVL-d to be true; and afier
fun-rife, lending lor him, he ivent.don^ v'.ith his le-
ven yoke-fellows, to the a;^a, who allud him. How
hedurft he fobold as to come into this port of .Vlocha ■
He anlwertil. That th« caule of his c<Mniii<^ thither
was not uiikno.vn to him, havin:^ loni» bvlore nc-
qiiainted i.iiii with it; ar.d lli.'t he iliJ nil land, but
;ir his dcdre, ami after many piomifis of kind iilV^e.
Theaija infuKd that ir was not lawful for any Cl.ril-
ti.in to CiMTie lo near ilitir holy city; this Ixiii.' the
port or door for it ; and th.st the b.illu had txprefs
oiJcrs fri.'i.! tile CI real lurk, to 111. ikc (laves of all
Chriftians w'lo flionld enter thofe feus, even although
they IhouKl l;e.ve his o\en pifs. Sir flenry replicxl.
That tlic fault vya.. his, for 1.01 telling him (o at firft,
Viut dtlu liiin him witli fiir pioniifes. The a|'a then
gave him a letter of Captain Dounton's M resrd,
whieh eainc from .'XJen, <lAti\l lon» bflore : the pur-
poit was, that two of his nv. rehants and the purler
were iletaincd on (hore, and that thev \v<iuld not ho
rth.^.lVd without landiirr of meiehandife, or p;iviiii
J5r.o V'enetianos lor anchorage; witlial deliringSir
Henry 10 adv ilc him what he had hell to do.

Alter he had read llie lettei, the aga demanded t<
know the contents of ir ; which, beinir told to him,
he laid, that fince the wntiraof it, the (liip had left
Aden, and was coming to Mocha ; but in the way
ftruck on a lock, and was loll, with all the ^too'ls
:iiid men. Ihc aga then dcrireil liiin to write a letter
on hoard, to know how many I'urks were in the
fmall (liip. Sir Henry told him, that it would be
ncedlels, Inicc ilic was in his own poli'efiiop. He
replied, that fhe was once in their hands, hut h.id
been refcue-d by the Rre.it fliip. This iiiau'e loiiie
iiniends for she other bad news. The aga then piell'cd
him to W'l ite to them on board the great (hip, to yield
bcr into hi^ bands; f.<ying, he would let Ihcm have

thcfm.ill (liip to carry them hi^ni'-. Pir H.nr. f-d,
it would be ridiculous to write any loch thin;.', fi/r
that they, who were on board, and had thrir liheity.
were no iiich folks as, iipon his Irncr, to t'.ive uf
the Ihip, and come on lliorc to be Haves. Mis .11)-
fwcrwas, that heknev if their ojmm.uidet wt<nc to
that cJfetl, thev dur(l not dilobey him. Sir lletity
then told him pfainly, that be would write no fuvJi
hller.

He then crqulrcJ what f]u?nt3»y of moiwv was !n
the (hip; Sit Henry (aid, there was but little i im4
that not to I ly out 111 merchandife, but t\> buy vic-
tuals. He ttii-n afieJ whit ftrjrc of ri£iuals and «*-
ter w»son lioard ? The commander told him, i-noagh
lor two years, which he would not believe ; he iiii^tj
tJ\'-m oiK-e more to write for them to nnrir on flioi*,
.MiJ yield the fliip, thteateninr; otluTwife «o cut vfH'
his lirad. Sir Henry liiJ him do fo •, f«ying, that
It would be tlotng liira a jreal plcalure, (ior that lie
wa'i weary of his lifvi but to write fiich a letter he
ntstT would, upon ihi=, being txken nut of hischain
.i«d collar, in order 10 be fqinateti ficsn the «(!•, *
great puir of fetKTS wa-s put upon his Ic<5S, aoi
ittaimaeK'S iipr.n his ^vri(^s. He wns lodjjed .ill thst
day in a .Jiviy dng-kvnnrl, under a pair cf ttairs: at
ni'^hr, at the tnrrcaty of Shettnalli conful of tlie
B.iiinians, he \\.\s taken out, altii placet^ in abetter
ro'>m, with one of his failcrs, who fJX^ke Tui-fciflu
(lowfver, f.iysthe author, his bed wisthe hard ground,
and his pillow a ftone. His companions ueio grief olf
heart, and a multitudeof r«<=, which, il hevhanccd
to fall aBccp, foon awakmcd him with runuin^ over
him."

The aga's lienttnant, and their di ugonrsn came at
midniffbl, .tnil iiiti..ifi-J him in very feothing tenms to
write on board, to know how m.uiy TiiiVs were pri-
foners, and what weie their names ; but by no means
to mention any thing relatin.> cither to the lofs ot his
men, or his own haidufage ; on ihecontrary, he ail-
vifeil him to fav, that they were detiined in the .13''*
houlc, till firther orders r.«ne from the baflia; and
thjt thev wanted f(^r noihing. Accordinglvt Sir
Hinrv wrote, to the fame eft'ect thev defireJ him ; Iwt
at the fame time advifcd litem to look well to their
fliips, and not to (utfer any of their men to venture 00
ihore, for fear of tie.ichery. This letter they after-
wards !hrwe»! to n\o or thixx of the other pnlonersj
to fa- whether Sir Henry havl written actxirding to
their iiiftruclioiis. However, \t w.is not lent .at tliat
time, becaulc ihcy could not get any Iwdy to cany it:
vet, at liiiiiih, they met wilh a man who undeitodt
to iKlivcr it on h.urd, providal the commander wc/uld
write to them to ofe him well. This man was born
in runis in Barbary, and fiwke ^;o(MJ Italian. Sir
Henry wrote the letter as they defircd, which wa»
pcruled like the former, and next ilay lent on board.
The purport of the anfwerwas, that nil the Tutks
were ilain or dl■owlK^I, excepting one. whofe name
was Rufwan, a coniinon foldier, and that they I'cie
glad to hear the commander was alive j for Riilwaa
told them, he thought all the Eiiglifli wen -. li J-
Sir Henry and the reft continued in this niifcry till (he
I 5th of December, not hearing any thing Ir/im the
Ihips, nor the fliip'. from tlwm. Tlie aga often came
to iiim, (iimetiines by thicats, at other tilne^ hi lair
means, urtjng him to write for thofe on b<jard to » ome
on flioR', and deliver up the (hips •, Sir Hen. 1' (til! an-
fweriiig him as he did at firft. He was parlieularly
iiiquilitive about their piovirion*, having been in
hopes that for want of water and victuals, they nuilV
at l;.l( he I'urrendernl to him, knowing that they eould
not have wind to carry thrm out of the llreights till
May. He faid, lie wondered how fo pn-at a charge
could be borne with fo (mail a (tock. Sir Henry an-
fisered, that his nation had faeUiries in f veial pans of
India, which h.id Cock enough to loid them in call;
they had brought no (lock at all with iliein, and that
the llock they hai! was fiifficient to load his (hip with
pepper. — Tluile on (hip-board fated but ill them-
lelvcs though at Iibcity, riding in aa open and wide
7 road.

i6id;]

TO GUINEA AND THE EAST INDIES.

IM-

in
mil

;ui-
iof
iile
hat
ith
m-
iJe

road, the wimi blowing continually hard at foiitli
luuth-eaft, inclol'cd round wich flioals, and their wa-
ter beginning to tail ; becaufe they bad ftavcd 50
tons to lighten the (hip at their coming un ground :
btfidcs, having nothing from land, put them tu their
wits ends, as not knowing well what courlc to take.
At length, one John Chambers offered to go on (hore
to fee what was become of the reft, chufing rather
to run all haiards, than fee men living in fuch per-
plexity. On the 15th of December before-mentioned,
being fcnt with a flag of truce upon a finall ifland,
a little to the windward of the town, having one of
their Indians with him for his interpreter. Tliey were
brought before the aga, who afked him, How he durft
be fo bold as to come on fhnrc without leave f Hean-
fwered. That he was a meliengcr, and came with a
flag of truce, which was permittetl among enemies.
The aga alked, what meflage he had tu deliver? He
replied, a letter to the commanderj and faid h(f ftiould
be glad if he would give him leave to fee how his
countrymen did. They examined him and the In-
dian very iiridlly, as to the quantity of viiflujls and
water in the mips; and their anfwcr agreed exaitly
with Sir Henry's. They then brought him to the
con inlander's cell ; and, coming out of the light, it
was a great while before he could fee. He delivered
the letter with watery eyes. After acquainting him
in what manner he came thither, Sir Henry told him,
he thought they would not permit him to return on
board ; for that not many days before, they had de-
tained one of the Pepper-corn's men, who came from
Aden with a letter to him. He anfwered. That he
came with a refolution to (hare his fuftcrings, if fuch
were their refolutions. But contrary to his expeiSa-
tions, the Turks let him and the Indian return to the
boat, with Sir Henry's anfwcr, with leave to come
again if they had occaflon. Next day Chambers re-
turned alone, for the Indian was fo frightened, that
he durft not venture. The commander's man fcnt
fevcral things hv him tu his mader, but the aga was
his receiver, .\iii\ kept them for his own ufe. This ho-
neft man having done all in his power, returned on
board, and left him to his mifery. But when the
captives leill expceled it, they met with fome relief :
for on the i8ih of December, there came from Zc-
nan an aga, captain or chief of the Chiaous, with
orders to bring up the Englifli. As foon as he alighted
he was defirous of feeing the commander and the reft.
On this occafion, there were three chairs brought into
his room, in which Rejib Aga, Ifmael Aga, (the
mcflenger from the hafha) and Jafftr Aga feated thcm-
fclves. Rejib Aga began by alking him, How he durft
be fo bold as to come into that country fo near the
Holy City, without a pafs from the Cirand Signior ?
Sir Henry anfwered. That the king his matter, was
in league and amity with the Grand Signior, and that
in the articles of peace between them, free trade was
allowed the EnglilK throughout his dominions, of
which Mocha being a part, they needed no pafs. He
anfwered. This was the door of their Holy City, and
that therefore, it was not lawful for any Chrittian to
come thither. He likcwife demanded. Whether he did
not know that the Grand Signor's fword was long f
The commander replied. That they were not taken oy
the fword, but by treachery ; and that if he and his
people were on board, he cared not for the length of
his, nor all their fwords. The aga faid. It was proudly
fpoken, and again urged him to write a letter, com-
manding all the men to come on (here and yield them-
fclvestoihc baiha, to which he received the former
anfwcr. Ifmael Aga broke off this idle difcourfe, by
telling Sir He.Try, that he came from the baftia
with cxprefs orders to conduct him and his peo-
ple to Zenan (or Scnaa,) adviling him to fend on board
for warm cloaths, for that tlicy would find it very
cold in the mountain country. The commander ii>-
trcated, that if pofftble, his men might be fuffcrcd to
go on board ; and that he and a few more might be
fent up. But Ifmael faid it was not in his power to
vrant it, for that it was the baflia's orJcx tlkcy ihould
Vol. I. N" 33.

all attend him, However, Rijib faid, he flioulcl hav';
hisdcfire in part, and that only Hvc more llimild if>
with him, the reft remaining where they were till fur-
ther orders. The 20th, Captain Dounton, in tb-:
PeppcT-coin came into the road from Aden, to vvliom
Sir Henry wrote what he thought proper.

The irons were knocked oft" the legs of the Engliflij
excepting the carpenters and fmithsj and fome ficlc
men, wlio were not able to travel. On the 22d or
December, the carpenters and fmiths wtic kipt there-
to build U|> the pinnace. The commander and ^.(.i.ioro
were appointed to go up for Zenun, the chill city ot
the kingdom, where tlie bafha refules. About four
o'clock, they fctout of Mocha, all the company be-
ing mounted upon atlef, except Sir Iltiuy and Mr.
Kernel, who had horfes. About ten at nij,ht, biin^;
ten or twelve miles from Mocha. Mr, Pi iiihtrti>ii
(lipped away from them. The company niilUd him
preiently, but faid nothing, except praying lor
iiis efcapc. About one in the mornin";, whin they
came to their inn, at a town called Klowl!:, they
counted them, butdid not mil's him; butnc-.tri'V;
about four in the afternoon, when they lit out, tliey
counted them again, and tound one milling. The ;i;;.i
un this, inquired of Sir Henry, whatnumbtruf tltni
fct out of Mocha ? He anfwered, he could not well
tell, but thought there were 34, The ag.i f.iid, thci\;
were 35, and that now there was one Ids ; the other
replied, it was more than he knew,— ^Mr. Pember-
ton was moved to this .-ittempt by feeing fo many of
them carried up together manncKd, with a captain and
a guard of foldiers to conduct ihemj from whence hi;
concluded nothing could enfue bui flavery or death.
Sir Henry however, found feveral friends among them.
There was one Hamed Aga, who lent him ni;iiiy pre-
fents, and advifod him not to be dojeded, for that Iiij
caufe was good. He alfo fcnt him and his people
provifion of bread for their journey, and hii letters to
Abdalla Chelabi the Chiaous. The conful of the
Bannians vifitcd Sir Henry ev try day, and nev r failed
daily to fend each man (being 50 in number) two
cakes of white bread, and a quantity of dates or plan-
tanes. He fet out from Mocha two days befoic
them, promifing, at his departure, to do them all the
fervice he could with the balha, which promife he
well performed.

They arrived at the city of T.ayez (four days jour-
ney from Mocha) on Chrillmas day, and were coii-
duiflcd into the city, two and two in rank, as they do
at Cunftantinople with captives taken in the wars :
Their aga rode in triumph as a great conqueror, bcin^
met a mile out of the town by the cViief men of tho
city on horfeback ; and the road, for that fpace, was
lined with multitudes of people, who ftood gazing at
them. Thus they made their entry into all the cities
and towns through which they pafleJ. A lad of Mr.
Pemberton's falling fick in this town, was left with
the governor i and from this time forward. Sir Henry
obli:rved it was very cold all the way from thtnce to
Zenan, their lodging being the bare ground. He boujihc
the men who were but thinly cloathed, furrrd gowns,
otherwifo he believes they would have peri(hcd w nit
with cold, He was but ill provided himlelf, becauCe
he could not be perfuadcd, when he was at Mocha,
that it could be lb cold as they faid it was : but he
found the ground covered every morning wuh boat
froft ; and at Zenan, which liis within 16 degrees
55 minutes of the line, they li,.d ice a linger tliick in
one night) which Sir Henry could not have credited
if he had not been an cyc-w itnefs of it. Theyv^ere
15 davs on the road between Mocha and Z.nan, The
5th of Janii iry, two hours before day, ihey camd
within two miles of the city, where ihoy lay uport
the ground till after fun-rile, being fo benumbed wiilx
colJ, that when they got up, they wet'.- fcarce able
to ftand. About a mile >m this lide they were met bv
the fubaftia, or (herilf, and about 200 men with
drums and trumpets, i hey caufed the foldiers to K.-id
the way, and the Englilh to follow one by one, at
foniB diilancc from cacli vtlicr, to make tlie beitet
i ¥ ftiuw'

I ,

I !l

3*2

VOYAGES OF THE E N G J, I S ri

[lOII.

fliow. Their ynwns boinj> takrii from tlu-iii, tlicy
wcri: lortfd t.i march nii foot in tluirtliin and rai,i;(il
iiiiis. I'liu lliij) truin)>ctcrs win' pl.iixJ iu:xr, and
•ird.rid liy tlu' .i_'i to lound ; bin the i-oniinaiidcr,
who canii- afiiT with Mr. 1- uind on huilc-batk,
fo:liid thvin. Their a!;a liroui^ht up the re ir, riding; in
triiiinph, vviili a I]i.\ti: horfe liililv furiiiflud, k-dliJire
hull. " In this order, (fivslh. author) lliey marched
-throu.'h the city to the catlle, aii tlie way beini;
fo cri/u dcd Willi people, they could fcarcely pal's. At
the (irlf ^atc there was a large guard of foldiers : the
fccolid (;atc had before it two ^reat guns ready
mounted. Having lialled it, they came inio a fpacioiis
ciairr, twice the len;;th of the Roval ^^\cllanl;c in
London. The foldieis at the ijaie Hrcd their pieces,
and then they placid iheniUUes i^n each fide the
wav, ainon^ m..ii\ others, who w<ri there whi n they
came; the commander, as loon as he entered into the
C Hirl, alij'lilol, and was placed on i lie lide with the
men, wh.ie they had not been K.n ; b.forc he and
Mr. I'emel, weie bioni;ht bclore the I alha. It wris
their ili»an or council li.iv. At the fai'fhercnH of the
arcn, they went up (l.'.iis of tw;Kc (K-ps. At the
loj', two uT. at iiv 11 c: n.c and t(.,-.k Sir Henry by the
wniK, and holdiii.; him very li;'nl, ^ led him to tlu
baflia, who fat at tiie uppi r eiul of a Ion;; fpacious
palleiv, m:inv liolles (landing (n each fule of him j
otheis' Itood on i i^lier fide, from the lower part of the
};allerv lothiupp;.rend, which made a U'lod appearance.
The ill or was ccveied over witli Tuikev carpets.
J'ir Henry bein^ con\e within two yards of him, was
(topped. Inim.-di it.ly the bolha, wiih a fiowning
and an^rN countenance, dmianded what dunirv he
was of, and what broirjlit him into ilmfejiirts r The
romniander anfwcicd, 'I'hat lie was an i:nE;liili
nieichnnr, and biiii;; friend to the Cjrand Siunior,
raiTieto (eek trade there." 'l"he b.ifha (.lid, " It was
not l.iwlul for ;;;■) Chrirtian to put his foot in that
coiintiv ; ai'.d, tliat he h.id warned Captain Shar|wv,
to c'Ution tho(e of his nation to come no more
thilhir." Sir Henry replie.l, " Tliat Cajilain Shar-
p-y wis call ;iway up :i the Coal! of India, and
tirrivi ' not in Kiii^land to tell tlicm ; that had thiy
known to much, they (liould never ha\c ^ot into the

trouble they were- in : lleadileJ, lliat Rij!b A:'a was
the ni.in who IkuI ahafed him, by telliivj; him his
nation was wilconie into the couiiiii j .ind that ihe\
ftoulJ have as fieo trade, as they h...l in any part (f
'I'urkfv i that he had m.idc him many other fair
iitcmiie,', r.s to ihi ir (ecuriiy J yet tliar, comrnry to
lii- v.-or.', he had ahaulttd them with r.rmcd folficrs,
murd-nd ilveral (<f his men, and taken himfeli', and
tliC refl: Mnioncrs."

" The bailia anfwcr'--d, ihit Rcjib w.is but his
"ive, ar.! h.ul r. i pover to make anv fuch promiles,
vvitii"i;t his li.ive; lh\t vhat had bef.lllen him and
his people, was by his order, purluant to one of the
like nsture from tleCjrand Si^nior to hinifelf, com-
m.liu'in^ him to c lallile all Chrillians who lli'.uM
lome iiuo ihofe | arts. Sir Henry tolil him ; they
liad leceived great damaLre : and that if it plcafed him
ti let Mm riturn to ihi ir fliips it would be riiliicieni
\. .iiiiii.; to his inti n againlt venturin;; thither lo:
ih • future. The bafha replied, he could not let
li'.;n 4ei)iirt J but that hc'fliould llay tin i.- :-iul v.-ritr
to the .m.baiTador at Stanihol, and that lie woulJ
write hiuilelf likewile to the Cjrand Sienior, to Lnov.
his picafirc concerning them ; and^whether he would
peniiir them to trade there or not. Upon this he
dilinilled Sir Henry I'or that time, biddiiw' himtoj^o
to l!ie lod.:i; :; .n|>pointcd for him, and take with hi"i
f ur or five tr.ci .', futh as h.e thcu.Jit fit. He, and
thof'e he made choice of, we .? conveyed to the keeper
t.f the pril-ii's h lufe ; and the rcil carriid to Ih^
common i.iil, wlicrclhcy We'r:clapped in wei^^hty irons.

" Wli 11 th"V Wer- till' lirniiaiit befoic i!ie h oi.i,
or.' el ihe I;;!--, thiiikin;; Sir H.nry was fol.dto
liive bis I.'. 1.1 If'ucli ofr", .-.nd that it would h- his
own turn I'-l 1 nj after, f 'I iuKi a Iwoon with l..ir :
anJ upon that titkeninj:, (hjitly alter died.~"
7

On »he 6th >( (anuarv, the b.iflia's cl.arus, or
lieutenant of thi kingdom, feiit for Sir Henry to
breaktall with him j which being over, the com-
mander j\ave him ;. very particular account, how
treacher lully and vilely he had be( ii uftd by Rejib
Aga. I'hisolHter hade l.im be of good cheer, ;indiiot
think of things pall, which could not Iw remedied:
faying, he doubted not but all would lie will in a
little time : and that Ills bell endeavours to feive him
fbould not be wanting. Shermal, the Hannian of
Mocha, had made this man his friend. Sir Henry
then departed with iiis keeper to prifon, where he was
in better (pirits than betore.

On the 7th the chiaous fent for him to liis rarden,
wheiv he tealted him and Mr. Femel, tilling him,
that ftiortiv he and his people fliould be fet at liberty,
and (eiit to iVloeha, where he Ihould have redrefs of
all his wrongs. He piomifed likewiie to be his friend,
and bilore many great perfonagcs, (both Turks and
Arabs) declared wh.it kindiiefs he did him, was
purely fur (iod's fake j but Sir Henry concluded, it
was in hopes of fome great reward. Hamecl Aga's
letter did them ore.it (ervicc. The fame day there
came to town a .\1'H>r of Cairo, who was an old ac-
quaintance ol the balba's, and had lent hini larjn;
turns (if money at his coming from Conftar.tinopte,
(V Inn he was but poor, '^hi^ man was next neigh-
bour to the Kiiglilh at Mocha, wlun thiy were
betrayed J and had a Ihip in the road, bound for
India, which he greatly feared their Ihips would have
taktii, in revenge of the wrongs ofleied them ; but
they let her depart tjuictly, contrary to his ex-
pectation i fo that he became tlicir (launch friend.
He wrote a letter in their behalf to the baiha,
wherein he Mamed bim much for ufing them fo
hardly : faying, he went a way by fuch meafures to
deltroy the country and its tr.ule. At his vilit to the
balhn, he not only repeated what he had written,
but lu.il a great eleal more upon thecccafion, advifing
h:m to leturn the Knglilh all their goods, and fend
thi-m away contented.

.Mr. Fowler, and eighteen more of the com^nr,
will arrived fior.i Aden en the 17th, were af:erwards
put into a common dunieon in irons, and fed on
biov.n bread and water by tlie baflia's order; but
Sir Henry found means to lupply them better. Sir
Heiirv having agreed to give 1 5C0 venetianos to for-
ward his bubnels, was afterwards conveyed before the
baIha, who was. prepared lor the reception.

In this la(f confeience the bu(ha behaved with affa-
bility to Sir Henry, and bade him keep up his fpiiits,
and alliired him tliat h- and bis people fliould Ihoitly
be fet at l.'berty, and lent to Mocha, thete to icmain
with tvv nty-nine more (the rilt being lent on board)
till all the (hips of Imiia were come into the port, and
the wind fettled wcHerlv, after which they alio Should
be Cent on board, and luftcred to proceed to India:
but Sir llenrv in vain petitioned to have his g'lods
rcllored, the baIha informina; him that they were
placed to the acceiunt eif the Grand Signior; but rc-
I'e atedly allured him that as to his people, they fhould
be rrftored to a man, and that even if he Iml a
Tu ikilli (lave, that fl.ive fliould not be detaineil. He
leee ived the tiielilh commander's thanks, and apo-
I eil'ed on his own part for what had pall'-d, at the
lame lime he gave the Isnglilh to undeiHand, if anv
more of his countrvnif ti came into thole parts to
inime the trade (.f the b..flias of Cairo and Swaken,
they miidit expee-f lo have their Ihips and goods coii-

ileaitel, " and to be ll.iin

n.aile llave--, which he
hopi'd would ferve for a warniiig to tlv.in and other
nations. At another vifit they made this 'lurk,
j;uing him joy of his dignirv, (he being created
a vifir) they wvw. well rec.ueel ; preimili s were re.-
rc'.ved, and Sir Henry ami iVIi. Kernel were ailinilted
to the honour of k iiiiigliis hand.

In the menu time many of the Kn<>lifli falling lick,

th.ir comtniinde r cealel not his fohcitations till he

111 their ill lie ei. nee out of piiTon. He was now

mloiuicJ that Rejib A^a had dclircd the captives

mij;ht

i6ii.]

TO GUINEA AND THE EAST INDIES.

.X\!

might be fcnt to Aden, by wliiih means, be faiil,
his town of Mocha and liah vilills as might pafs the
Strcights of tiabeimaiidcl \.ou!d I>l' r;:curc ugainlt
any attempts of the EiV;l!i. Hut their friend the
ihuous contrived to render i.'rs I'.heme abortive.

When the coninuiidtr ag^iiii lAaited on the baflia,
he received another (blcmn warning for his country-
men to come no more into thofc (eas. Sir Henry
however, begged that in cafe any of them flioulJ
come thither before his advices ihould be received,
they might not be betrayed or ill-treated. He couUI
obtain no promlfc of this kind ; hut on his be;.'glng
the balba would write to Rejih Aga In his lavour,
received aflurances that the aga durll: not injure him,
the ba(ba faying, with great pride, " Is not my
Weill. aluixe luffirient to turn a whole city upfide
down ? If Rijib Aga wrongs you, I will pull his
(kin over his cars and give you ids bead. Is he not
my (lave?" And with this aniwer Sir Henry was
obliged to be contented. After this, he commanded
the chi.ious to write his difpalch, who. In the
lail place demanded an anfwer to the kind's letter,
but he could not get any.

JJeIng returned from the bafha's he begged the
chiaous would get him pcrmillion to purchale a
fword, that ho might not ride down as a priluncr, as
he had come up. The 'I'urkifh ehicl' hearing of
.this, fent him luie of his own old fjoidsj but the
chiaous was more generous, and the fame morning
prclented his Englllh friend with ico pieces of gold,
which, added to hfty be had lent him before, was
no contemptible gift to one in fuch a lituation.

The prifon dues being paid, and all things got in
rcadinels for the departuie of the Englifll, Sir Henry
having breakf.ilted with the chiayus at his garden,
received his dilpatchcs, and the next day took his
leave, and left the place.

The city of Zenan (or Senaa) is dcfcrlbed as being
about the llxe of Briltol. The houfes they found
built of lime and (lone, and oblerved that water and
wood being far fetched, were deir there. I'he baiha
relided at the calHe on the call fide. The houfc of
the keeper of the prifon wheie Sir Henry Middleton
was confined, was conti!;uous to the city wall j at
the foot of it was a yard, where a great r.uniber of
people, mollly women and children, were detained as
pledges to infure the loyalty of their parents and
relations. While the boys were little, they ran
about at liberty, but when grown big, were fettered
and removed to a ilrong tower, there to be kept
during the tyrannical governor's pleal'ure. The
women and children who remained In the yard, lived
in cottages. The latter went ainioit n.iked, and
were as wild as mountainetrj.

Sir Henry, picvious to his departure, had procured
a letter from the cliiaous for the purpofc of getting a
boy of Mr. I'emlierion's dillvtred up, who swis laid
to have turned Mahometan. However, when he
came to Taye?. he demanded him, and produced the
letter In vain, as that oftiecr had only written to the
aga to deliver him In cafe he had not changed his
religion. After all, the youth had only been infti-
gated to this change bv threats, and received the feal of
their Mahometan faith by an act of violence ; but to
plead all this was of no avail, and Sir Henry was
cbllccd to give up the point.

He arrived at Mocha on the i 5th of March, about
five In the morning, after a journey of fixteen days.
Here Sir Henry learned that Mr. Peniberton, whom
lie never cxix'ited to fee more, had lighted on a ca-
noe, and got on board. The Arabs here biihaved
very civilly, welcoming the Englifh, vtliofe hard
treatment by the Turks had not Iwen at all pleafingto
them. Sir H nry, MttlVs. IVn-el and I'livvler, were
brought before the aga, who received th.m with great
fen>ing kindnefs, excufing himfelf for what had
pali'd, obferving, that he had done nothing hut what
he had in charge troni his nii'der. 1 he Kiiglilh com-
mander, found th rt w.w no other way liuttomtct
his dlflenibling with equal ditlimulaliun, and accord-

ingly, lillerii"g to the 'I'lirk, anfu-rred bini mildly,
but gave fiiiali ciedit to his piot(.ltatioii>. He w.n
invited to fealls, and othcrwlfe 11 .to red, bul lh"iig!i
a haiiill'uiiie hoiile hail hi en taken for him by the wau r ■
fide, the ag.i, f1.11 fill of his elcaping, rinuHed liini
to another in the iiii.lu'li- of the town, where he u.is
luffieienlly watched I'.iid giiauled at night, by a com-
pany of f, Idlers. '1 lu!v, and other circunillanees,
made that conimaiuler |'l..n the means of efeaping,
which altera dil'a|>polnlincnt, uecafioned by his being
more careful of others than of himfelf, was however
at la(t, efteiUd In the (bllowiiig maniKr :

The Darling being arrivul on tl'.eClh of Apiil, an 1
thebafha with ail his chief men riding out l'> huplea-
fure-gardin on the iiih; Sir IKiiiy, gl.id <t this
opportunity, refolvid to put his long-deterniin, d de-
fign of efcpiiig, ill |)i.n.'liee 1 for llainid Aga, and
oiherv, had told him, that th.' bafha would net p.r-
form his word, unlefs be was loreed to It. S.r
Henry wrote a letter to Mr. Pcmberton, figniAing
ihjt hedifigned the fame day to make bis ek.ipci.'n
board, conveyed In a cafk, and thereiorc de-
lired him to lend the bo.-.t, with all I'peed, well man-
ned, and with liquor, to make his kieprrs drunk,
which was accordingly done. Before he acquainted
Mr. I'emel with his intention, he made him fwear to
be fee ret, and ufe no argumenls todifl'unde him fiom
what he had lefolved upon. After this, be (licwed
ikhat he had written to IVIr. Penibirton, and tlien di-
rciiled him to walk out, with others, to a certain
place, by the water-fide, where be promil'ed (in cale
begot !afe to the boat himlelf ) to come and tal^e him
in.' Sir Henry had appointed the carpenters, and
others, to repair to the foutliward of the town, wlieie
lay a boat near the Ihorc, with malts and fr.iis
ready to take them in, charging them at the fame
time, not to embark theml'elves till they law th«
Ihip's boat put off from the bridge.

Matters fell out t;j favour Sir Henry's attempt : tlis
fub.dlia, (who was their guardian, and left lii town
oiiiv to watch him) fill to drinking molt greidily. —
Allthings being ready, and the keepers drunk, about
twelve at noon the'luballia returned fiom drinking,
and retired to bis quarters, at one end of the houle,
parted from the Englilli only by a wall, the better to
guard them. Sir Henry now put his projciSt In execu-
tion. He ordered the carpenters to take others with
them, and to go by two and two in 'he heft manner they
cini'd, to avoid fiUpieion. Ho direiSlcd Mr. Fcniill,
unj thole he h.ul appointed to be taken in to the Icc-
w.ird of the town, to go two or three in a company
along the fca-fide to the place, and there wait his com-
ing. After he had given thefedircdtions, he v. as in-
clol'ed In his tub, and I'afely conveyed into the boat,
which being done, be forced out the head of the calk,
and came on board, ordering the men to bear up with
the leeward point, where he took in eleven per-
fons. But iClr. Femel and others, being rather too
dilatory in fetting out, were taken before they could
reach the boat. For by this time the town was rail-
ed, partly by the Indifcrcet running of fome of the
Englilb, and partly by feeing the boat bear up to
leeward, contrary to cuftom. He might however have
efcaped with his company, had he come by land td
the point, and not taken water lb foon as others be-
hind him, who were fick and weak. Sir Henry came
to an anchor, and in waiting for them, brought the
boat aftiore, which put them all In much danger.
He llkewife ordereil men to leap over-board, to refcue
Femel : but before they could get a pike's length
from the boat, he and tliofi were apprehended. \ir.
Kernel being clofely puifued by one perfon, dlfcharged
a piftol In his face, and mortally wounded him. Sir
Henry finding the whole town in purfuit of him, and
confidering he had a very narrow and flioal channel
to pafs, between a fmall fandy Idand and the main, faw
it was folly to Hay any lonRcr, therefore ordering the
men to put forward, they fucKily hit on the right
channel, which quickly brought them into the deep
water, and out of danger of iheir enemies. Tbofe In

the

VOYAGES OF THE K N G L I S H

the D.iiiing kept gooJ watili on ihc lops; and as
fooii as till')' lUvv the bn.it iiiulcr l';ii), let Hip, iiiid
bore lip to leeward, to relieve tlicm in cafe ot need.
l!y the time they got on board, the boat in whieli the
carpenters were, comiiij^in fiL;ht, Sir Henry lent the
/hip's boat to bring tlicin on board, one of them who
was appointed to come with them, ft.iycd I'o long
behind, that the boat was put off before he came up,
and he thinking to fwim on board, was drowned.
About two hours after, two poor Arabs appeared in
a canix', but were fo fearful that they durlt not come
lli;;li the fliip : till at length, being won by fair words,
one of ilieni entered and delivered the commander a
letter from Mr. Kemel : intimating, that they were in
great danger of being killed bv thofe who apprehended
them, but that fome of the foldicrs, bearing them
good will, faved them, and brought them to the aga's,
where they waited his coming home.

On fight of them he looked very pale, and f.'.id
they ftiouM all lofc their heads ; afking how they durft
attempt an efcape ? They faid thevcamc out of Eng-
land under the general's command, and did nothing but
by his orders, which th.-y durft not difobcy. He
again threatened them with the lofs of their heads,
and caufed them to be chained by the necks: but
they were foon relealcd at the entreaty of Nakliada
Malech Amber, Nakhada Mohammed, of Cananor,
and others, and permitted to remain in their former
houfe : but under a ftronger guard than before. This
proceeded from fear of tlieir fliips in the roail, which
were then under Sir Henry's command : who returned
an anfiver, and fent the aga word, ihat if he did not
immediately fend him all his people, and the (hip-
furniture, which he detained contrary to the baflia's
order, he would fire the (hips in the road, and en-
deavour to batter the tovn. He llkewil'e fent word
to the Nakh.-idas, that he wcild n'.>t ful".r any boat
to go to their (hips,, withou' firft coming on board
his, to acquaint him with tneir biiliriefs : nor let
any thing be carried out of them, but by his leave and
order.

After his efcape, there was no fmall diflurbancc in
the town. The aga not knowing what anfwer to
make to the ba(ha, feared it would coft him the lofs
of his head. The fubafha, who had been Sir Henry's
keip.'r, knew not whether he had Ix^lt (lay or fly for
his life. The Lmir al Bahr (or lord of the (ca) was
in the fame terror, being accufed of confenting to his
efcape : one of their porters took I'anituary in a
church, and would not come out till he had got his
pardon. Mod of the Nakhada's and merchants, in
great fear of lofing their (hips and goods, fent pre-
f.nts of vitluals to Mr. Femel and the reft, whom
before they fcorned to fpeak to. At night Sir Henry
lent the boat well manned to tarry the new s to their
(hips, with orders likewife to come over with all
fpeetl. He plied to windward in the Darling, when
the tide fervcd, and rode a little without the great
(hip, fo that he had her, and all the rtit, under llie
command of his guns.

On the 1 2th Nakhada Mohammed of Cananor
came on board with letters, telling Sir Heiiiy, that
he was forry he went away in that manner, for that
he was determined, within a few days, to have fet
him at liberty, and all his people: That he would
deliver the furniture belonging to the (hip=, which
were on (hore, but could not fend his people without
an order from the ba(ha : 'I'hat he h.id intreatcd (ifteen
days rcfpitc ; and if, in that time, all his men were
not put on board, they dcfircd no favour. The coin-
mandtr told him, that he likcw ife expcifted to have
his pinnace reflored, for that he would not leave the
road without her. The Nakhada faid, «' He would
acquaint the aga with his demand, and doubted not
but (he would be delivered up. Sir Henry yielded to
his requcft, upon his promife, that he (hould have
both men and pinnace within the time limited. He
durft not demand reftitution or fatisfaftion for his
goods, till he had recovered all his men from (hore.
ilohammed having acquainted theagawith the condi-

tlons, upon which he had obtaincil fifteen d.iv. fiucc*,
he was very angry, that Sir Huiry had iiililhd oil
having the pinnace; and lending for Mr. Kinul ."iid
John VVilliains, afked what the commander meant by
demanding her, fincefhc was theb.ifha's by agieeniei-t
withhitii? laying, " He niiyht as well duiiaiul the
goods as the pinnace ; both wliich were put to the ac-
count of the (jrand Sii»iiior." They made anfwcr.
That he could not wcH proceed'on his voyage with-
out the pinnace ; but that for the goods, they allured
him, he would never demand them. In the ii'.can
time, the Darling's cables, anchors, pitch, tar, and
other materials, were brought from (hore; and fiw
days parted, but Sir Henry had fome prefcnts of re-
friflimcnts from the aga, the dabutian, and others.

That morning early, a boat going from fhore on
board the innermoft (liip, the commander caufed two
guns to be fired at her, which brought her on Ixiaid
him. On thrratening to hang them and burn their
(hips if they did lb any moie, they durli nut aiuii.pt
the like afterwards.

On the I'jth, near night, thclncreafc and Pepper-
corn came to anchor in fight of the road, not able to
get in, bccaufe the leeward tide was againft them, lint
next morning entering the limie. Sir Kejiry went on
board the Incrcale, where he was received with great

The 1 8th, there arrived a (hip of Diu, belonging
to Shermal the (hah bander, l.adeii with Indian com-
modities, which Sir Henry ordered to ride near bun ;
but next day, at the intrcaty of Shermal, he liccnci'd
all the people (excepting fome few to look to the
(hip) to go on (hore. On the 21ft, Mr. I'emel wrote
him v\'ord, that they had all been chained by lire
neck. The 25th, Nakhada Mohammed came on
bnard, and informed Sir Henry, that the bafha had
given order lor ihe rtliale of his men and piiin.ace,
pr.iriiifing to bring them next day ; the incrcafe
I; ii.g ihne guns at his departure. One d.iy all ihc
Knglifh at lain! were chained by the neck, and ilk;
next day r. leafed : The caufc of which uiagc they
could not learn.

Mohammed returned on the 26lh, faying, the pin-
nace was launched : but the aga would neither deliver
her nor the men, till Sir Henry had given him a wri-
ting figned by himlirll, and tour or live more of tlic
principal perions in the (hips, importing, that he
would maintain pcrfeiil peace with the Tiiiks (tlio
aga's fubjeils) and Indians : that he would noi med-
dle with any (hips either in that fea, ur ellirwhert-, in
revenge for what had pafled ; nor demand relHuitioa
or fatisfaiSion for goods taken from him : which en-
gagement was to be confirmed by oath. Sir Henry
told him, That he was furprilcd to find he came every
day with new demands ; that as he had the day before
promiled ahlolutely to bring him the pinnace and all
his men, he took it for granted it would have been
done ; but that fince he had not kept his word, lie
intended for better fecurity, to detain him, and thole
that were with him as holiages, till he had performu)
his engagement ; dcfiring him to acquaint the .ng.i
with it. Mohammed alledged, That behaving under-
taken this affair of his own accord, diould reap much
difcrcdit, and be laughed at fur his forwaidnefs, if lie
(hnuld write to that purpofe, and therefore declaie<l
plainly, that he would not write fuch a letter, let
what would hapjien, but promifed, if Sir Henry
would give him fuch a writing .is he demanded, anu
lend liiiii on (hore, he would bring all his people on
board before night. The commander, finding he
could obtain nothing by compulfion, thought it belt
to yield to him in appearance, and give liim fome
writing, though of adi(i°erent nature from what Iw
defired. In c(te<fl, he caufed a memorandum to be
drawn up in Englifli, containing a brief relation of
the treacherous ufage he had met with in this country,
and nothing elfc ; which was figned by him anif
five more, as witne(res of the truth of it, and he
fent advice to Mr. Femel, how he fliould interpret
it. Sir Henry thus delivered bim the writing, but

Ktuil'lS

i6ii.]

lU GUINEA AND THE EAST INDIES.

.i«5

lie
he

',a

urh
lie

let

belt

onic

1«

try,

anit

refufed to {w*it i faying, his word Ihould be truer
than a Turk's oath at ill! times.

Then Mohamiiicjl went on ftiore, leaving fomc of
the better fort of his company for pledges } uiid bade
the commander hang them, in cafe be did not bring
him all his company on board that night. Accuid-
ingly, be returned in the evening with Mr. Kernel
and nine others ; Kernel, Williams, and Cunning-
hum were cloathed with paltry veils. Anoiher was
fent to Sir Henry, which they faid came from the
aga. The nachada would have put it un his bick,
deliring he would wear it as a favour from that
chief J but the commander refufcd it, telling him,
" That he fcorned to wear any thing which came from
fa unconlcionablc a dog, and his enemy, by whofe
order he h.ul received fo much wrong." Moli.immcd
finding he would nut take it, left it with liisman, and
fo departed ; carrying with him the Turk taken in the
Darling, (who had remained on board the Increafe
till then) and promifed to return in the morning
with the pinnace. Accordingly on the 27th, he
brought the pinnace, and afkeJ, If all he had pro-
mifed was performed ? The commander replied, No,
for that he ftill wanted a boy, whom they detained at
Taycs, and h.ad forced to change his religion : de-
claring, that he fliould be delivered to him before he
would releafe the (hips. Mohammed replied, that
he would tell the .-iga, and return with his anfwer.

On the aSth, a writing was fent the commander
from the aga, whereby Nach.ida Mohammed and
Shermal Shah Bander, bound thcmfelvts under
forfeiture of (hips and goods, that the boy (hould
be delivered in twelve days, provided he would releafe
the vefl'i'ls. On whitli he gave them leave to unlade
the (hip of Din, and vifit the othi-r fliips at their
plcafure. This night Mr. Kernel died citlier of a
calenture, or of poifon given him by the Turks.

On the id of June, three boats laden with cotton
were difcharged out of the (hip. This evening a
ftrong fquall from (hore broke their land-Cable, 'j'he
wind was fo hot they could hardly endure it, and it
obliged Sir Henry to fly to his cabin. 'I'hefe hot winds
arc common in thofe parts. He wrote a letter to the
ba(ha in Italian, demanding reftitution of his gootis,
and fatisfa£lion for damages. He was anfwered after-
wards as to his demand: but the letter was not
underdood, for want of an interpreter. He again
laid an embargo on the (hip of Diu, and would not
fu(Fer them to unlade any more goods out of her,
till thcba(ha had fatisfied him to the value of 70,000
rials of eight. The boy alfo was reftored : but all
this was not accomp1i(hed till fcveral angry me(rages
had palled between him and the aga.

This being fettled, the Shah Bander demanded the
1000 venetianos promifed the ba(ha's chiaous : but
Bir Henry would b^ no means pay it, although he
urged him much with his promifc, and faid he (hould
be forced otherwife to p,iy it himfelf, for that he had
pafled his word for that fum. The commander told
him the officer had not performed his promife made
him, to fet him and his people at liberry : how the
chiaous and he will agree (fays Sir Henry) I know
hot, but I doubt he will be forced to pay it. 'l"o-
wards night the Shah Bander and the rell having taken
their leave, the commander caufed three guns to be
fired for his farcwcl.

On the 3d of July in the afternoon, the (hips
warped out of the toad, and that nij'ht fet fail towards
AITab, but could not get thither till the 5th, in the
morning. On the 6th, Sir Henry landing, caufed
all the wells to be emptied and cleaned j for he had
been often told at Mocha, that the Turks praftifed
With the people of AfTab to poifon the wells. They
were employed till the 13th, in watering and buying
{jrovifions : nothing happening in the mean time
Worth notice. This day the king of the country,
fent three of his chief fervants, attended by thirty
f(>ldiers, with a letter and prefent of refrefliments to
him. The purport of hit letter was, to congratu-
late the commander on his cfcape from his enemiei,

Vol. I. No. 33.

and welcomed him into his dominion', (itt'cnnj to'
fupply him with whatever his country attbrdeil ; Sir
Henry having feafted and rewarded the mellengcri,
fent the king .t prefent, conllfting of a veil of bruad
cluath, and a (inc looking glafs.

On the 17th, there came a vcfT-l from Mocha,
wherein was I'ukorfi the Shah Bander's malli and
another Bannian ; who brought fume piovifiuns Sir
Henry had befpoken, and the money due to iiim i but
I writing he had demanded to ratify thi- peace, was
not bro ight. Tokorfi's excufe was, tli.c the hafh.i
was fu bufy in the uars, that he had not time to
write, from whence it wasmanifeJl, that lie intended
to keep no mealures with the Englifli.

On tlic 24th, the fleet fet fail out of All'ib roid,
to put In prailicc what Sir Henry lia.l l> iig htfdic
(letdinineil, which wm to ply to the wiinlwiird as
liii'ji as the idand of ComoiMi i and there wait foi .1
u;rrat (hip that comes every year, about this time,
tVom SiKZ, richly laden for Mocha. By tliele mc.ins
he piopofed to he I'ulTit'iently rivenjied on the I'lirk".
He was the more defiious to meet with hi, lirtaiilo
he undcrflood that the ballia, and Rij.b A■^.^ had
confiderable vcntuu;. in her. Krom lienc , to tlu
lail of this month, thev plied tu the vvii'.dw.'.ul, and
the wind being contiaiy, they failed by d.iy, and
commonly l.iy rit anchor all night. In ihih cin:le they
ran many haizaids foruai.t of a pilot, and often
narrowly efcaped running on gnund, wliicli v ould
have rilqued the lofs of all : at lall tlie Oiip cfi apid
them in the night ; as they found on ilieir rttiiin.

They (et failon the 9th of Augud ui th.; mnrnina;,
anil ahoutcight in th>.- evening, anchored ihree hagius
lliort of B.abalinandel. On the loth, the Datling
niid Releafe, went out by the wiftern channel, which
tliev found to be three leagues over from the Coaft
of Abyflinia, to the idaiid of Bah.iiairnd'.l. One
third of the way from the ifland, they h.ad no ground
at foity fathoms, the channel being clear without
dangers, and full of (lioals and rocks, whicli rendered
it unnavigable, as all the Turks and Indians reported,
in order to make them believe th.-rc was no other
paflage, but through the cafKru clia.mel, which
mii^ht be lb fortified, that no (hipping could pafs
without being in danger. Between the Arabian (hoic
and the iHe, is not a mile and a half: and un thu
land fide, tlicrc lie (lioals reaching a good way ofi".

The Increafe and Heppcr-corn, faiKd through the
narrow channel. About four in the afieinoon, they
all met without the Streights, in ninetien f.ithoin*^
being .ibout four mllos from the Arabian (liure. All
this night they failed along the land.

Krom the izth till the 27th, tliey had much wind,
often contrary, and fometimcs calm, with a current
fetting fouth-weil, about four miles an hour : (o
thatduring this time, what they got when they h.id
a favourable gale, they loft, and more, when it fell
calm, being carried back by the current.

The monfoon being far fpent, Sir Henry defirod
the nachada of Diu to help him with his boa t
and people, to take in ballaft and water; which h',
with others, moft readily granted j protTering him all
the water out of his (hip : and employed his people
nlfo to fetch fome from (liore. I'hc coiiimander ofteil
fpoke to the king to fell hi;n his aloes : but for a
long time could bring him to no reafonable terms.
At length, with much trouble he bargained with him
for all, paying dearer for it than Captain Keeling did
for his. The Indians were alfo treating for it, which
made him raifehis price. The commander hit leiteij
with the king, which he promifed to deliver to the (irll
Englilh who (hould arrive there.

On the id of September, Sir Henry having finilhed
his bufineu, the (nips plied out of the road ; having
with much ado got a perfon out of the Diu (hip, who
took upon him to be a good coafter, to pilot him to
India. The 26th, between nine and ten o'clock,
with a fair gale, they entered the road of Surat, and
anchored by three Indian (hips in feven fathoms. A
mile from Uiem rode feven fail of Portuguefe frigates,
5 O and

■i^

i I
li

.-^-^ r.

5P6

V O ^- A G E S OF "Hr E K N O L I s h

anil llilitrcn inoic wire uitlijii tlic river of Sural.
Loiiji Ixlori- Sii niiii)\ anlv.il, the Purtinjuclc hail
inU'lii);i'iuc llul lie was ii) the Red Sra, anil bound
fur this placi' J lb that ihiir frigates win.- purpofcly
lent III hinder them from tradini; at Surat, nr any
vherc life u|ion the coaft. A fniall fri^;ale came on
tlie 2t)th fiom the ;ulmir.il of the Armaila, (as they
tirrneil it) in which was on. I'ortiigucfe and his boy ;
who brought an .inlwer fruii tlie captain major to
the comnianiler's Utter, lent the day before ; the pur-
port of whieli, after fomc cnnipliments, was, that he
uas ^:1. J the commander beh.Hjjcd to a kinp; who was
a trienJ ; and that he and his would be ready to lerve
him to the bell of his power, provided he brought a
letter, or order, either from the king of Spain, or the
^ice-rov, for tradini; in thofe parts j iliat othiiuile,
he was oh!i;_,ed to guard the port he had in charge,
where the king his mailer kept a factory. Sir lleniy
returned anlwer by word ot mouth, that he had a
letter neither from the kin;^ of Spain, nor vicc-roy,
nor had any need thereof, for that he was fent by the
kin;; of tni^Iand, with letters and with prefcius to
the Cireal Niogul, in oid.r to eKahMli the trade be-
pun in thc.fe parts : he likewile defired, or rather de-
niandLd, lluit the KnjIUh in thole parts might conic
on board. He bellowed avill of broad-eloih upon
the nuU'enijcr, who )ironiifed to return the next day.
Findini; it w.is not poihble, without a pilot, to crofs
the bar (where the commander went to difeover in
the Darling) he returniil in the e\ening, and anchor-
ed in the road, (irinm on boaid the Inereafc, he
found letters fiom Nicholas lianghiim at Suiat (for-
incrlv a joiner in the HecJor) who inlormcd him, that
the Knglifli had no factory there, .;iid that he was
thither from the aga by Captain fl.iwkins, to recover
fomc debts; likewile, that he hail letters from the
captain, but durrt not lend them on hoard, left they
fhould be intercepted by the I'ortiiLiuefe. He made
no mention of w hat bicamc ol ilu- factors and r;o()ds.
Sir Henry wrote to him, to find ih^lV leitcrs ami far-
ther particulars concerning their biirmefs.

I'ho }d of October, Choj:'.h Naflan, governcr nf Su-
rat, and the governor's biotV.er of Canibaya, fent a
niellage to the commander with a prefent of iifrefli-
nicnts, ortlrinu to do him all the kindnefs they could,
adding, thai, for their part, they defired to trade with
the Knglifh, but could fee no pcflibility of d>.ing it,
as long as the I'ortugucfe armada rode fo near their
fleet. He therefore advifed him to go for (jago.
]!ut Sir Henry could not as yet determine which
coiirfe to take. On the 5th the interpreter (who was
^ Bramin, or a pricft of the Uanians) came in a boat
with a letter frc ni NicTOlas IJangham, and Captain
Hawkins's lelter from Agra, d.;ted in April before,
relating the manner of his bein;; tr.ken into, and put
out of favour, by the Great Mogul ; that monarch's
fieklenefs in granting their trade, and afterwards de-
nying it them, in favour of the I'ortuguefc. The
fame mefleiiger alio brought two letters, advifing
fueh commanders not to land any goods, or hope for
trade in thofe parts.

'I'hough Sir Henry had fo little encouragement,
yet he refolvcd to try his utmofl. By Bangham's
letters he undei flood that Captain Sharpey, John Jour-
daine, and others, were coming from Cambaya to Su-
rat, to go along with him j and therefore determined
at Icaft to get them on board. 'l"hc proper Monfoon
being pall, the Indian (hips, which rode by him, h".J
given over their voyage to the fouthuard. The hra-
min defired leave to bring their fliips into the river,
but this the admir.il would by no means grant.
On the contrary, he defired them to tell the governor,
and the reft of the owners, that their (hips fliould
not depart till he and all the Engliftimen »t Cambaya
and Surat were on board.

On the 22d of this month the Portugucfe hail laid
an ambufh for the Englifh that were (ent on ftiore,
and when they thought they faw a fair opporfjnity,
broke out from their hiding-place, rufhing forward
with impctuofity, but in crowds and without order.
6

[,(<tl.

There weic about ^co in .ill who difih.-uf'ed their
fhot. I'hc fire was returned by the Lnglifh on flioie,
as alio by the frigate, which being elufc to the land,
ihey retired on bo.ird. The enemy having riceiveJ
fomc damage, retired behind the hills, and fivam In ui
thence to their (hips, in oider to efcape llie danger.
After this, when the EnglKli went in their ftig.iic
and boats on board iheir Ihips td Utadiier, the I'or-
tuguel'e came to anchor wheic they were before, and
Sir Henry having taken the opinion of Cptaiii
IJounlon (of whom menti<ii will be made iRti.ilter)
as will as of ollieis, the rcfult of the confiiU iiii 11
waf, that they Ihoiild flay no longer there, but jc-
(urn tu Suiat ruad, wheic the 'Irade's Incrcafe ihui

The viceroy's fon now came info the river w ith
too fail of vertels, fome filled were, but the (;feater
part of them merchantmen. At night Sir IKiuy
ordered ihc Ihips that lode within, to come and an-
chor by him, left he might be endangered [.y the
enemy, of whofc force he w.is ignorant. A: lhi»
time arrived Nicholas Bangham, who broiigh! with
him fome refrelhments from Surat. On t!ie (,tli tlic
(hips riding without the laiiJ, Chojah N.ili.ui eame
down to the lea-fide. Sir Henry went to him with
his frigate and boats, and the fuiniir proniilVd vi
bring goods to trade with him within two or thief
days at far'heft ; as alfo to order the country peo(.!(;
to bring in provifions which thtv Hood in need of.

The commander reielvid a letter fiom li.iiv l;:;iu
on the iHlh, intimatin'; that there was little 1!..i'l lo
be expeiled here ; and this circumllanee, ii'iiii.il to
Chojah Nafl'an's breach of promife, naturall\ Kil tlic
Englilh coniiiiander to conclude al! their former piu-
pofals meant nothing, and that thev ilurft not allo.v
him the liberty of Hading, for IVar of the I'ortiiguele.
For this reafon he wiflud to abide bv the refi.Ke lh:;t
w.is made of going awMy iS loon as pofl.bli. Ti>
ihis purpole he wrote to Bangham to come 10 l.im,
but he coiihl not get pcrmi/Tion from Chojali Nafi.iii,
whole vigilance, however, at length he i hided, aiul
efcaped. As loon as he was milled, the chief, ju.'g-
iiig that he was gone to the fliips, lent one JaJduh,
a broker, after him, with a letter from hinilelf, ar.d
another from Mokrib Chan, in wliieh both piomilej
to come loon to f.e the Kngllfli comnimdir, who
could have but lililc depcndmee on whi.t was wi it-
ten, yet he thought proper to wait ft.mc time the
event of thefc profefTions. After fomc inlerruj>;ion
from the l^ortugucfe at the landing plate, v. ho were
obliged to retire, the Englifli got tlieir boat, and pre-
pared to depart, as they had determined.

But on Sunday the 24th, Jaddali the brc.ker came
on board, and told Sir Harry, that Mokrib Chin was
on the road. And focn after dinner, going 10 the
flioie-fide with his frigate, he found Chojah N'afLii
there, who fent to let him know that Mokrib Chan
would likewife come there prefeiitlv. Tl'.e admiral
in confequcnce \vent on (liorc again with a proji^r
prefent, and found the Chan waiting for him, together
with Chojah NafTan and a great company. Thev
eiTibraccJ each other at their meeting, and whil-; the
Englilli fhips falutcd, which the Indian feemed to
take very kindly. Afterwards they f.itcdown to talk,
together on carpets fpread on the ground. Afterwards
Mokrib Chan came on board, and fl.'.id all night,
which apparent confidence induced the Englifh com-
mandei to think that he fliould fettle a treaty of trade
to :;d\aiitage. The Chan liov.cver fcemcd jather dif-
pofed totonfult his own intereft tlian I'liy thing i.'liy
after he had bufied hliiifilf in buying knives and toy;,
he urged the general to open his chefts, afkiiig 'for
whatever there was in them that pleafid hiir, nd
even taking away from other quarters of the fhi|i,
fuch things as he liked beft, without ofFering to pay
for them. He behaved in the fame manner on hoard
the other (hips which he vifitcd, and the comm.'.ndtr
then thought proper to comply with his luimour.

After all this courtefy (hewn by the l'"i'.,lilh, they
nttcmptcd to cftabliili a trade, but met with little-

fucctiV,

itll.]

TO G U I N* E A A N T H K K A S T 1 K D I i: S.

3''/

fucccls, alihou'^li funiplcs of goods were (hovii with
the |)iii'is marktii on tlicin. '1 lie Indians wtic vtry
full of tricks and tv.ifions. Chojuh Niifljn nun:i-
pn\ the ni:irkL't«, .uul ilul ovcry tiling to fpuil the fail
of the new ciiMiirs coniniuilides,

However Mukrib CIi;im came ilown again on the
Sth of December, anil after many faliitations pro-
i-ocilcd to make overtures towards tr.uling, but Clmjah
Nall'aji wiu) tonJu>ileJ the bufuufs, reiulerej it of
little advantage to the En^lifh. lii the mean I inn,
Mokrib Clian received dilpatehcs from hi.s kin:;;,
which it leems contained an order for hiin to religii
his government of Canibaya, (as Cliojah Nall'in had
loft that of Surat.) Nothing now remained to the
former but tlie cufloms of the lall- mentioned city.

The nc.v governor of Sarat and Han.inAli came
on board the I'epner-rorn on the ic;th, and afterwards
went to Ice the Trade's Increafe. Uy tliis time the
lead was nearly landed, which was a principal article
of trade, but the natives of Surat, who weighed all
with their own weights, proved deceitful. And at
length Chojah Naflan infifted on havim; half the
worth for his commuditics in money, and the other
half in goods.

As it is a cuftom in fome Indian countries that
any bargain may be revoked provided it be done in
24 hours, Sir Henry had obtained a proniife of Chojah
N.ilVan that he would abfolutely ftand to his bargain.
Hut Kill doubting the fineerity of this man's profcf-
fioM-, the commander thought to keep thofe on board
for pledges, till the agreements entered into were
performed. Thofe pledges were Chojah Nafl'air and
the Shah Handcr, on board the I'eppcr-corn.

On the 24th the whole bufinefi w.is concluded, and
in confequence the pledges were rtleafed. Three
<lays afterwards a Jew came on board who brought a
letter from Manulioatam, which was fent by IVter
Floris, a native of iJantzick, employed by the com-
pany, giving an account of his fetting out in Febru-
ary, his fafe and I'pcedy pafliigc, and his arrival in tlie
beginning; of Sejiteuiber. Mokrib Chan who had
been out of town, returned on the 7th. Before he
IlU the place he h.id confirmed the promifes he m.ide
to the faiSory. But now he fent for Mr. Jourdaine,
and with a frown on his brow, alked. What he did
there, and why the Englifli were not departed. He
was anlwcrcd, that he ftaid, depending on bis promil'e
that a fartory (hould be eftabliflied, and that other-
wife he fliould not have been there. But the Indian
replied, 'They ftiould not have any factory there, and
added, that by their long ftay he hi.l been a very great
loler in regard to the culloms ; for which rcafon he
ordered them in the king's name to quit Surat, and
they departed accordingly.

'They warped out with the Increafe on the gth of
February, the weather being calm ; and on the nth
in the morning fet fail for Surat road, and anchored
there in the afternooon, by a new (hip of that place,
which w.as lately launched, and came out of the ri-
ver, bound for the Red Sea. 'I'hey weighed on the
I2lh, and, driving to the fouthward, anchored again
near a fhip of Calicut, bound for Surat, out of vihich
Sir Henry Middleton took a pilot for Uabul, whither
he fteercd his courfe, and arrived in the road on the
16th, about fix in the evening. The pilot was now
fent on Ihorc in a fifliing boat, with a letter to the go-
vernor. The letter was to intreat him to tife the com-
mander kindly, and trade with liim. In the after-
noon he received a fmall prefent of rtfrclhments, both
from the governor and Malech Amber, with many com-
pliments, offering him any thing the country afford-
ed, and promifing to deal with him if he would fend
on flrore. On this he fent two merchants with a
good prefent, who were bid welcome, and kindly en-
tertained while they flaid there.

On the 24th, Sir Henry called a council, and pro-
pofed the queliion. Whether to go from thence, di-
ucfly for Priaman, Bantam, &c. or return to tjje
Red Sea, to trade with the Indian (hips hound thi-
ther .' He allcdged, that fincc thcy'wotild not deal

with lliem at their own door«, to which tbiy li..'i
brought from far comiiioJitii.s pi'ijxr lor tli.ir 1.111111-
try, and no where elle v>'iidili!^', lu li.uu.^ht tliev
llmuldilo llKinfelvis but jiillice, and tlieni iiu wion;;)
in compelling them iob.ir:i.r, and jy.vc tlicir indicois,
and other goods in cNchiiigt. It wa the unaniinou!,
opinion, that they Diould rctuin tu lii. t^id S^a, jur
feveral rcafons ; Til II, in order to |,,.; olf d.e 1-n;^-
lifll goods, and ;;et otheti in liou lit for tlieir own
country. S,co;ully, to take (u.ne rcMny.e of il.c
treat and uiifufl'erable iiijiu le:. done Sir Htiirj, by ilii:
Turks, at Mocha ) an.', laltly, 'To lave ilii. lliip,
which ihey heard (by tlie w,.y ol Alall'iilipatain) « a-.
bound that way, jii.lgin::, lliat otiicruile iht vi.u'.il
not pollibly eliap,; bciii^ betrayed. From tlii-. ilvy
to the Z'/lh, tiny eniplojtd llitir time in telliii^^
frefli-water on board.

'The Indians had bought all the red-lead, and it wan
aiilually deliviied on (bore, but alterward? dillikio^

it, they returned it. In the evening;, ihe Ei.^;-

li(h faw a (hip in the ofTing. 'Two or three .Vlal.i-
b.irs which made near them, told ihem (he wa-. u
Hortuguefe velill, of Cochin, bound for Ch.ail ;
therefore the coiiim.inder lent the IVppir-ci in, Jj.ir-
ling, and frigate, to fetch her iii,wiiiih theyi.idon ihu
28th. 'Tholi: in tliefri'^ate havin;^|)illa!;i.d the man-
ners, he took their I'liitukr from tiieni, and retunud
it to the owners. Her lading w.is cOLO.i.-niits, and
littleelfe. 'Thisday was fpciit in I'earchiii^ her, but
the commander could liiid no bills ol I idin.;. Soi.a;
fmall matters he took liom her, on account of the in-
juries offered him by the c.iptain, at the b..r of
Surat, in fei/.ing his good', and hinderii.;; his
trade, 1'hat he fuH, lined no f.irtber dania";e :r|in>
them, was not owin.' to their goo.1 will, boc
for want of power, as appeared by the vic^ioy's
letters, Jce. bcfore-mcniioned. Sir H-.i:ry took
an aeemint of the things he had out of her, from
under the hands of the principal men who Were
on board.

On the 25th of March they had fight of the illand
of Socotra, and at four in the afternoon the point of
DelilFa, bore fouth fouth-weft, .fi.\ leagues ofr'j
vaiiation fixteen degrees. Kiom the 241!! at noon,
till this day at noon, thev lleered noitli-v\itt aiui
weft, and weft-north- weft, and weft all night, ihink-
ing by day-light to have been near tlic uelkriiiiijll
pait of the illand ; but ccnlrary to their expeclatlon,
they found they h.id gone but litlle a-head, though
they had a fre(h gale, as they had a great current
againft them From noon, till four the ne.\t morn-
ing, they failed along the coaft with a fmall wind,
and then it falling calm, the current carrieu them di-
retfUy upon a peak, which lies four or (ivc leagues
from the wellern part of Socotra. 'I'hev were forced
to anchor till they had a gale lo cariv them froir. it,
which fpringing up from the call, adout two hours
after, they ftoood to the weftward, and at noon viere
fourlpngues from the rock, where they found a cur-
rent fetting to the northvvnid. 'The' i-ili, (liaping
thcircourfe, weft-fuuth-wdl, they met wiili a cur-
rent felting to the northwaid. In lluinoining thev
were oppofite Abba del Curia, and before nigiit h.iil
fight of Cape (Jardafui, about ("even le.igues )ilif-
tant. From yefterday noon, till tliis nighl, tluv
ftood in till midnight, and hauled dole of a wind to
the fouthwaril. 'File 2K1I1, bv ei^iht o'clock, they
were near the (hove, midway belwecn the two cajies
of (lu.udefui and Felix.

On the 22d of April, Mr. Pemberton came on
board, and told the commanJ^r ih.it ho had been at
Socotra, and that the king bad (Ikwii him a writing
left tliiie by Capiain John iaiis, (wlio w.is the com-
mander of three (liips) wherein an account was !;i-
ven of ihe time he left Kngl;;:ul, bis places of re-
frcHiingbv the wav, his arriv.d there, and proceeded
from thence to the Red Sea, to feek trade. It was
alfo mentioned, that he had perufed a writing left
there by Sir Hcnrv, »iih leafoiis to diffuade him from
going thither. Vet that haiin;: the Grand Sitnior's

p.if>,

♦S

y O Y A (3 E S OK THE ENGLISH

llf'U.

pnfs, he hnacil to meet with b^'itor cutertalnirient thjn
Sir Henry naJ done. The corfimanJct hatlnj; hc:iril
lhl« iincx|)e<5led ncwi, cilletl a council,' vrho refulvcti
to proceed a% formerly they hjd determined: and in-
deed thty h.-nl no other way U-ft, Tor thoy could m't
get back till the wcflcrly winds came on, which could
not be till the middle of Mays thereiipon the com-
mander Ict't Captain Dnunton in the rcppcr-corn, to
tn (lay thcreahouti, till the 5th of this month, in
order to obfervc tlie ports ut Aden, whilft himCctf,
with the Tr*lc's Increale and Darling, went to watch
the two-fold entrance of Babalmandcl.— — They
Jteercd from thence with the head of Aden, being
about fcven Icagircs off. About four they were in with
Aden. From four o'clock this day, till tlic 3d in the
morning, they had little wind : they fti-en-d atoiiij;
the channel, we(l by north, .ind weft norch-wclK
Towards the heat of the d;i^', it b?g.Tn to blow, and
they continued their courfc as before. About fun-
f'et they anchored in 20 fathoms, four lr,ngu'.-« off the
ttrcights, where they rovie till next morning. The 4th,
about eight in the morning, thiv let f.til, and about
ten, anchored within U.ib.-\lni.indel, be. xn Ara-
bia and the ifliind, in ti;;ht I'.Khinns wali-r. The
channel is half a leiigue over. As foon as they had
anchored, there came a boat from ftiorc on board the
'I'rade's Increafe, wherein was a Turk, and three or
four Arabian foldicrs. 'I'his Turk was chief of the
place, fcnr by the aga of Mocha to guard it. He
promiled the commander, if in cafe he thought fit
towiiten letter thither, to fend it away by a foot-
polf, who (hould return in three day«, with an an-
fwer ( upon that he wrote a letter to Captain Saris,
to acquaint him with his rcafon lor coming, and what
he intended to do.

On the 6th there came in a veflel of Zevia, a place
nithin the flreights on the Abyflinian coall, bound for
Mocha; her laoinn; w.is mats. Sir Henry bought of
her f 1 flieep, and lo permitted them to dcnait. I'his
day they had much rain. The 17th, before day,
there came in a fhip from Bafnnor, which the com-
mander caufed to anchor by him. The fame morn-
ing Richard Wickham, one of Captain Saris's mer-
chants, brought fellers from him ; the purport of
which he oinittcd fctting down in his journal. He
kept VVickham with him, on account of the com-
mander's (lopping the Indiun fliips, and returned nn
anAvcr by a Turk who came in his company. The
8th in the afternoon, there arrived a fhip of Diu,
bound for Mocha. The commander fent off his fri-
rite to fetch her to anchor by him. She proved to
be the fame (hip he had detained the year bear before in
Mocha road. This day they rumaged thcfe two
(hips, and took out I'uch goods as were fit for their
purpofc, which were brought on board the Trade's
increafe. The gth came in a fmall frigate which was
laden with Ollibanum, of which they bought part,
and paid for it to their content in rials. They con-
tinued rumai^ing the Indian (hips for more goods. —
The nth, the commander detained a fmall bark of
India. The 14th Captain Saris came into the ro.id
about eight in the morning, anchored with his three
Ihips by Sir Henry. Flaviii;^ faluttd each other with
their t;uns. Captain Saris, Captain Towerlbn, and
Mr. Cox, (their chief merehant) came on board the
Trade's Increafe, where thty Ipent all that day toge-
ther. Captain Saris at parting, invited Sir Henry and
others the next day todinner with him. The 15th,
Sir Hcnrv and the reft going on board the Clove, the
captain fii.'wed him the Grand Signior's pafs,and read
It. 'I'hey had a f;ood deal of convcrlation on this
occafioiT. At laft, by an aj;recincnt in writing. Cap-
tain Saris was to h.ive one third part of what (honid
be taken, paying for it only as Sir Henry tHd, for
the fervic;- of his three fhips in aiflion ; and leaving
tlie difpofing of the (hips afterwards to him, wlto had
fufferedtlu; wrongs.

On the 16th, the (hips coming in. Sir Henry fent
•liis frigate, and brought tliem to anchor; one was
lundcd \yiih rice, bound to Mocha j the other was of

Carapalan, near Dabul, and fubjiiS to the fame
prince, l.idcn with pepper, «hieli (hip came (loni
Acheii, and was bound (nr Aden, hut bein^ ehaeed by
Captain Dounton to leeward of the pl..;e, they pid-
pofed to go for Mocha.

A fliip of Cananor came in on the lOth : (he \ud
been at Achen, and was bound for Mneha, laden lui
the moft part with pepper. Next day ihire .inued
two nriore from Surat, one called the H.iiraiii, bi-
lofiging to Abdul H iH'aii, bound for Jodilab ; the
the other a fmall (hip of Sir Henrv'b old Miead, Cho-
jah Nallan, bound for Mocha. They were biPuylit
to an anchor near the commander, who ordered their
fails to be taken from their yards, and kept Iduie nf
the chief men on board himfelf. Uy them he uiiJci-
ftiKjd, that the Great Mogul's niollici'j fliip, called
the Rhcmi, would foon be there. The j.oth, theie
eame a great Oiip of Diu, laden with Indian eoin-
mudities, bound for Mocha, and prefcntly al'ler ano-
therof Dabul J (he pad'cJ bv, but the pinnace fclcheJ
her back. Next day, Sir Henry fent away pjir.ngeis
out of the Suiat (hips. About noon there aiiived*
fmall vcffel from Calieiitt, bound fur Mutha, «hich
was ftoppeil with the reif. At length, on the jj.l,
the Rhcnii of Surat, tin iiuccii nlothe^'^ fliip, arrijed :
(he was luiund for Jothlah, and (lopped with the sett :
in this velli.1 thcrf were 1500 pcrfons. In the after-
noon Sir Henry delivered the (hips their fails, and
ordered tliem to he ready betimes the next njorning,
to fail with him for the road of AiVab. The 24tli,
they all fct f.iil from the ftreig'its, only the Thomas .md
D.irling were left to ply up the Streights. Thty ar-
rived at Crab Ifland about five o'tluck, and came to
an anchor in ii fathoms water, where they rode all
night, the wind at fouth fouth-weft. Next morning,
they ftood in for the road of A(rub, and about one

o'clock caft anchor in fcven fathoms and an half,'

The 2"th, they fetched a large quantity of iiidico
out of the (hips of Surat and Diu, The Clove ply-
ing where the fleet was. Sir Henry caufed a gun to
be lired, which (he anfwercd with another, and '.lore
up for the road prcfently after.

This relation ending here, we (hall give a part of
Captain Dounton'j accot'ut, by way of fupplcment
to the voyage.

*• The nrft of April (fays he) from midnight, till
fix o'clock, we (leered weft by fouth, five leagues,
at which time, by «ftimation« they were 18 leagues
(liort of Aden.

This day the commander fent for Captain Doun-
ton, Meffrs, Lawfe and Kowler, to conlult about
their fcparation : at length it was concluded, that
the Pepper-corn (hould ply before the [>oTt of Aden,
to keep all Indian (hips from entering or ftaying
there, and put them by towards the Red Sea ;
whither the commander was to repair with the Tradc't
Increafe,

•' On the id, from midnight to fix o'elocjc in the
morning, when they (hould have fepa atcd, about
eight lc.lgucs eaftward of Aden, they fuuiid the
Darling at anchor ; (he had got before thein by reafnrt
of their lingering for her four days : (he had aonc her
bufinefs at Socotra, and left that ifland before the
commander paffcd it; and not a day before him in
her paffagcby th; Saboyna, Abba del Curia and Mount
Ffclix, where he lingered for her. She brought front
thence the copy of a letter left with the King by
Captain John Saris, Who had under his command
the Clove, the Hcftor, and the Thom.!', fignifying,
that notwithflandine the account Sir Henry gave in
his letter, of the villainous treatment received in the
Red Sea, yet with his (hips was gone thither. Im-
mediately, the commander, with the Trade's In-
creafe, and Darling, departed towards the Streighti,
leaving Capitaiii Dounton at an anchor, to execute
the order before given him,

" The third, at one in the morninp, they fct

(ail, and ftood fouthward, the better to dUcovcr; and

thus all day kept up to windward of Aden. In the

morning wcit (ccn three fail, w hich were bound for

^ Aden,

-;%-^

^-WT-

I6t2.

T f) GUINEA A N n T ff F EAST I N D I F. 9.

Aili'iii but llood away fur liini ; fn tlul he rontJ not
ciiiiiK near tliciii all iiiflit Tlii- wiml lildwin; hntd,
he iliil not uiirlior, hm l.iv ii liiill, tu try how miirh
Ihefhip drove, wliicli lie (oiinJ to be ilirii' I ip.up* m
ten huum, running iliiis Ur in. Ami ilic 4th, about
fcvcn in the iiioiniois l<e ancliorid in 1 .'. t'.iihoin«,
thrcuor tour mile' liointhc town otAileii. The i/ih,
in the morning;, a liltlu after midni)>hl, lluy let l.id
tocroU a vedil tliey faw, and in the nioiniii ^ l.iw her ri-
•linj; at unilior, ihicc inilc!. to the fiiu(h»ard of them,
bill- licing them |irepnre to bear u|i wiili her, prcfenily
VIM under lail, and Hood in with Aden; but be-
tween nine and ten o'elock, the I'liipir-corn firin;^
a gun at her, tliofe un boaid Drurk their topfaih,
and fml in her boat. They told llip captain they
were bounil for Aden, and that their fliip brlon{',ed lu
llic Samoiin, or kini; of Calicut, fioni whence tliey
had been out 40 day'i ; that they p.ifl'ed near Socotra,
and louelied at Mount Ktelix, where they faw the
Ultcr left there by ihc commander, for the Darling i
a« alfo a (hip 01 Dabul, which came from Achen.
'I'liir nachadaof this Ihip, was called Abraham Abba
/cimla, her burden wa< 140 tons, and the car^jo, ac-
cni-din)i; to their inlorniaiion, as follows : tameric,
three Ions, rice, 2300 ({uinlals, jagaza, or brown
fugar, 40 bales, cardamum, fevcn bahars ; dry gin-
Dcr four quintals and a half) pepper, a ton and a
naif) cloth 31 packs, each pack containing five or
fix maunds. Site had in her 73 pcrfuns, for the ufcs
following : 20 to bale water, and other bufinencs
below i tij^ht (or the helm ; four for the lop and yard
and other buliiulTe'i aloft ; 20 boys fordrcfling fcveral
mens visuals ; the reft merchants and pilgrims.'
Thry being of the place whofu inhabitants never
wronged the En^^lifli, the captain difmin<:d them, with-
out taking any of her goods, excepting two tons of
water, which they fpared him. However, as he
would by no means permit thnn to goto Aden, they
were very uneafy ; to that he was obliged to tell them,
]f iliey ottered to attempt it, he would (ink their (hip,
and leave them only their bo.it to fave their lives.
Yet their unwillingnefs to depart, made him threa-
ten them farther, that if they did not j:ct away before
any other fail came in view, he (hould be forced to
fink their (hip to prevent their dealing with the Turks,
his enemies. Upon this they fct fail, and ftood fome-
what off the land, but to leeward ; fo that he was
under the ncceflily 10 keep plying otf and on all day
and night, for tear in the dark they (liould Hip into
Aden. It muft be obferved, that as loon as any (hip
from the caftward or elfewhere, came in view, (he
had noticegiven her by the governor of the town, of
Captain Dounton's being on the coaft, before he could
rome to fpeak with her, and when he had the Mala-
bar under command, the governor fent a boat on
board with fcveral Turks, and two Turkilh foldiers
of the town, who had been formerly fomc of the in-
llrumcnti employed by Abdal Rahman Aga, to bind
and torture the captain's men, then in their hands,
'ihcle, (loubtlcl's, came as fpics to Ice what (hip (he
was, and fo to colour their defign, brought fome
fruit to fill. As foon as they faw who their vifitants
were, (lor ihcy knew them immediately) they would
l;\vc put ort' their boat, and have gone; but the
• aptain would not permit them, being come on board,
he c.iufed tlicni to he put in mind of their cruel treat-
ment of hi.s people, but without ufing aiiy harfh
Jjnju.igc ; and when he thought they were fufliciently
fernlicd by the convidion of their own minds, he
iiideicd them to be told, that they (hciilJ, notwith-
Aanding, fee how far his nation exceeded the I'urks
in lenity ; for that, although they had mod cruelly
handled his men, after inviting them on (liore, under
the moll folcmn proniiles of friend(hip and fecurity j
and, although he kne^r th^-y thcmfclves had been con-
cerned in aiHicting them, yet he would let them go
without doing them any injury. Therefore they de-
parted, promifing next d.ty to bring more refrcfh-
mcntt. Next morning they fent a boat with good
iilh, and promifcd to come again with better provi-
Vyj., I. N' 34.

liini, which ihcy were providin,': i but the Pepi'r-
coin Iviiig under till, to put the Nlal.ihir 10 lnw.irdj
lliiml oil' loo far for tlum to row to her. H.id ihat
(hip (l.ihl, the ag.i might have permitted them to per.
loriii ihiir promilcs.

On the i4ih in the morning, the wiml at can, they
law anolher fliip of like biirlhen, hound to Aden.
Il.ivini; lorced hir toaiKlior, .iboiit ten o'clock, the
captain liint on hoaul to feareli her, and bring away
tome of her men, while he ordered his boat to b<^
hoifted out. Hy them he undcrllood they were of
I'orniean, a town wliieh was then tributary to
theCireat Mo^ul, who had abufed the Knglifli na-
tion, and who dtlpil'ed their king : the Nachada be-
ing n Uannian, C.iptain Dounton being at anchor
with his (hip, two miles from Aden, aiul (inliiii^ hy
the Malabar* working the day before, tli.it if any
other tail, ol ever fo much importance, (hould .ip-
proaeh before he could fini(h his bulinefs with her, lie
muft leave one or other of them, to go where (he
thought lit i he therefore judijed it better to lend bis
own people to fcaich what he had in her, than ex-
amine ihofe who belonged 10 her. Iliiis, with great
labour in rummaging bifore night fill, thry had out
of her 14 packs of coarfc diitiy, of li.x cori>es a pick,
and 36 ballets, containing; fo many of the like num-
ber of dutties i onelmall ballet of eamlaiiinrmill, or
Imall blue pieces of calico, with 30 or more whiia
baftas, a little butter and lamp-oil. Thcfe were all
fit for them. The reft of her lading were packs of
cotton, which, next day, they propofed to cX'
amine.

This day Maharim, Aga of Aden, fent to the
captain a prefent of hcn-rggs, limes and plantains,
which he would not look upon as fuch, fending
word by the nielTengcr, 'I'hat the manifold injuries
done his friends and nation at Aden the year before,
had brought him there again to revenge nimfelf, by
difturbing the I'urks. And that his coming was not
to merit favours at their hands, fo he rcfolved to re-
ceive none of their difl'cmbling courtcfies : for fince
they cut the throats of the Englifh, when they came
to them in friend(hip, they could expeft no real kind-
nefs from them now, that they came to put all the
Turks in thofe parts to a defiance. He added,
with regard to the prefent, that as it was fent, his
people ibould take them for their own ufe, giving as
much as the thinj^s were worth. There likewife
came on board, a h(hing-boat with fome fre(h-fi(h,
which ;he capuln ordered to be bought for fupper,
always making the bringer cat part of what hi:
brought."

On the 6th, in the morning, they defcried a
fail to the fouth of Aden, plying to the eaftward.
In the afternoon the pinnace being fent to fetch her,
brought her near. She w.is a jelba of Shaher, bound
home, laden with grain, opium, and other commo-
dities i bcfides many pilgrims from Mecca, as paf-
fcngcrs. Next morning they faw a jelba plyinj to
the caftward between them and the (hore ; the pin-
nace being fent to fetch her olF, (he proved to be the
fame that had palTcd by the 17th and 22d. Of thofe
on board, for a trial, they bought nine pounds and a
half of opium ( and fo again dilmifl'ed them.

On the 28th, in the morning, they fet fail,
plying o(F and on to windward of Aden, with the
wind at eaft. Next day in the afternoon, having
de:cried two fail ftanding towards Aden, the captain
fent his pinnace well-manned, to bring them in %
which by four o'clock on the 30th, was effeihd.
Thcv both belonged to a place on the Abyirir.lan
Coani called Bandar Zcada. One was only laden with
mats, the other with fome mats and fixty-eight tt\efp ■
with exeat rumps, which they bought, ana fo dit-
mifrecfthem. They prcfenily failed into Aden ; the
wind at eaft-fouth-ean, and eaft-north-eaft.

On the 8th, with an eafy sale of wind at north-
eaft-by-eaft, they continued plying towards the
Streignts. At ten o'clock they defcried the land on
the Abytlinian Hif, which a]>{|icarcd like »n illand<
5 H till

■! SI

1 •

1 i

J«o

VOYAGES OF THE L N O I, 1 9 II

{i'»ia.

till tlicy iHtw neater. Frrnn thence they ncerril
nortli-wilt lowjiJt iheSt(cigh(«, then, by cltini.tiiun,
ten li-jguctdilUnt, which, tow^irili four in the jftir-
nuiiii, ihiy hail fight ut. tine they lini;crr'(t oli' oiiJ
un, to (pcnd tlic night. Daylight ■ppc.iiini:, ihcy
ll^od in towarJi the Slreighti, at the entrance
iheii'Ol', they perceived a fniaVl latl a Item of them:
then lure the r.i|>t.iin llriicli hit top-laiU tu Hay for
her, And lent >>ll' lii« pinnace whirh brought the
nachada and Malinr un board. I'hiy were lubjc^tt
to the tircat Mo^ul, and belonged) to a place called
Latter, at the mouth of the Kiver of Sindi. iU boi*
u|> with them in a hay cin tlic eiiU-lide, uiul .nnchor'
ing in fevcn lathnmi j lent hit nicrch.iiits to K'.iich
whatAic wa« laden with. They found l^vir.il p.ick«of
cloth, and many lottt of feeds, befido li.iihcr, jart
of butter, and .1 gru.it qu.intily of oil, fume for eaiinu
and fomu lor burning iu l.impi. A* the rapt.iin could
nut keep her for w.inl of water, Uk hiving no [mI-
fcngcrk, and was iiiicerlaiii of a wind, he rcfolvrd tu
lake out the packs of cloth filtell fur their ^urpolV,
with foine bind 1 and oi) for ul'e in the thip, and d) let
ihim goon 10 Moclia. They h.id fcuiiekl about ihi»
work, when, towinlt thice in the altcrin'on, they
faw opening the eall-latKl ot the Strught.i, a vell'el
uf 200 tons i and ininndiatL'ly I'ullowiii^ her, a lar^c
ihip, whofc main yatd was (orty-lhrLU yuidi long.
'I bcic Ihip* being very near, beture they could be
fecn for the land, the great one, by the alCftaiKC uf
wind and tide, had got a-head uf the l'ep[K'r-corn,
before the captain could get out uf the bay to crof»
hir J I'o that (he was broii[;Ht to a iKrn ehace . but
drawing nearer, they knew her by her inadi and tops,
to he the Mahniudi of Dabul, their friend, lo ttial
tliey were difappuintcd in their expciflariuns uf a
prize: yet the captain, knowing the ptidc of the
nachada, would gladly have exercilcd hi!< authority
over him, bccaitle he would never vouchl'ufe to vilit
the commander, either in the road of Mocha or xt
JJabul : but firtding the veflel gain ground of him,
he gave tlicin one (hot, and iiood aj'ain with the
other lhip> This latter feeing the knglifh follow
the great one, llruck .i-hull, thinking to lofe them
by tne darkncfs of the approacliinn ni^ht. Captain
I.)ounton :ank her to be a Ihip of Uiu, but when they
canicup with her, the men I'aidthcy were of Cuts Na-
gone, a place not far from the river of Sindi. She was
laden with cotton, a few packs of calico, fome but 11 r
and oil. The Captain having got fome of the principal
men on board him, caul'ed tticni to edge up with him
i»to flioal watcF-on the Arabian Coali: v\ here by
lights he endeavoured to find out the Larrec Oiip, m
which he had left Hvemen; a: d at night theyaniiuired
in twelve fathoms, four lc.ij;u.-s within the Strcights.
Here the next two days, they took out of the Larne
(hip, fixty-rix bundles of calico (which, bccaufc
ibey were uiherwll'e furniflicd for s.11 their Engliih
commodities and needed it not, was delivered to them,
with part of the butter and oil : only eicht gorges of
baltas, for which they were paid), rhcle things
bevng taken out, the >.:.ptain put on board her pafTen-
gers and pil.;rim!i of the cotton (liip, and fenta letter
py them to Sir Henry Middleton, in cafe they fliauld
(ind him ill the ro.id of Mocha : but before they
departed, the Kiiglifh faw a vefTel coming towards
tUem, and bccaufc the wind was not good, they fcnt
;\ canoe before, for expedition. The mafter inform-
ed the capt.iin, that he belonged to Bandar Zeada, a
tQwn on the Abyllinan Coalt, half a day's journey
wcllward from Bandar Caflum ; that he was bound to
.Mocha with mat; : that going on ihore, as he p.ifled
the Streight<i, he was toldbyjone, who faid he had a
letter for Captain Uounlon, that his countrymen
were gone to Alfab, with eight or nine Indian fhips :
but that he who had the Utter would not fend it by
him, bcraulc he expected a reward, in cal'c the captain
(hoiild be put back to the Streights. Upon this ad-
vice, the captain fet fail the fame afternoon, but
the wind not proving favgurablc, he was obliged again
tocgot; to aii anchor, v

It wat about ikit time that Sir ileniy, klirr many
ddayt nccitcd the eoiiipdliiK.n niuiu y aliiady Uiili-
tioncd, i/ld the Kii.P.lilh villi! ■ dcpaitid.

After pjflii.g Ailin, Cipiam l)i uiidn fnyi,
the fltipmaiTte to Tikca, whire ihc Ijailiiij: w.i',
wliieh bad buiiul tluee niitiluiUk und thru Iwilurr t
.ind li.id nii'lt of ih> ir nun fuk. —

•' Here (l,i)» (he fapiaiii) ihcy l'k(wife he;ird uf
C'ptain DaviJ Mulilliii.n i if llie lour llii|.t ol lli-?
iiiiilh voyngr, whiiu'f Iwi. wvic alii nily «iti\<d kl
li.iiitam . and ot C'..pi.uii Cillltlcn's ni.in ol w.ii :
this gvnttiman, wIioIlhI Km hiii a littlt luliiie, i-av*
an areount ot hdiui l.iil ol Multh already iinin', iir
ne.irat h.ind, l.idrnvmli jninuuiition : .uvMii two Ihij t
ol Ncw-Ilavrn,in Kr. lue.cume alloiuii.uli. \V).i».u
i.ews took .iw.iy all lioprs of tepairin^ ihtir lirid-t.Ll,
ciolKd, anddiciyid \i<v:i^e.

*' Dii the 3-H\', Su Henry Middhlon finding luih
little encouLi^iuient at thn pljce, let f.iil the inpht
liliowing in the I'eppcr-uiin, towards llantam,
Is.iving Captain nounton in the I r;id<-'s Imrcaii,
to uniaill till the lOlh i.f next niontli. On the 2(i
of November, all the ineiiof evciy kind, in Tekti;!,
wmt to the wars w ith Raja Ituiuli, till whole rttuti;,
no hulinels wat to be done on land. I Ins d.,v m
taking up the wine, ihey found a eiiiifiditable iiu'ii-
tity runout, the calks hiini; rotten.

" On the 20th tliey letched the remainder of the
pepper weighed the day beloie, in which thcyililto./
vertd much deceit i for in fome ipf the l.uks tin if
were finall fatks uf paddy) in foinc rice, and m
Ujnie great ftumt : alf.i lotten and wet pipp> r put
into new dry lack* J t el thtre was no remedy. Ilai-
iiig gtit every thing (ii board, they lit tail near niid-
ni^ht, by the moon-lliine, the wind at norih-eall u4°
the ihore. I'hey took care to avoid the two known
rocks, three leagues fioni tlw illind, one fouth by
well, the btlici fouih by call, having 26 fathoms bt-
twcen them, co/.y 'ground ; and for better I'ecutity,
lleeied back the ciiiili: thry Hood the fame day they
came. As ihey flood olV, the wind fomewhat Ihtunk
on thtm, vit ihev lay hril weft, then weft by fouth,
and well louth-will, and lad of all foulh-weft by
wifl ) the eurr..nt let them fomcthing foulhwaru,
their depths ptcportionably Itom 14 to 27 fathomi,
all oozy ground. The next call they had four fa-
thom';, and the (hip let l.ill upon a rock. Sounding;,
they lound a-lieri> four i.iihomf, and on the (lar-
buard midfliip, a t|tiartcr Id's than three faihoint,
under the head thrie fathoms, and alliip's lirir^th ofl,
five fathom? i on the latboard bow, a (hip's length
dillant, they had fix feet, in the midfhip 16 loot, un.
dcr the larboanl gallery jo t,ct} and round about
within a cable's length, deep water. She remained
upon the rock from .1 liiilc niter three, till five o'clock,
but the wind foon t;i> w calm, and the fca fmooth ;
likcwifc the let or metion of the fliip, (confideriiigr
the place) w.is very ealy. The water had fo incrcal'ej
in the hold, that both their chain-pumps thougit
plied hard, could not, for a lung time, gain on it:
but their main endeavour was, with the utmoft ex-
pedition, to get out a llcrn anchor, whith was let
fall in twenty-fix fathoms ri^ht a-llern, two ihiidi
of a cable diftant, in order to heave lur oft': whith
had I'o good efl'eiil, that before they could, with the
capftan, bring the cable tight, the (hip was of her
own accord fet into deep water. This was no foonLf
done, but they had a weftcrly gale, which put thini
oft' a mile from the rock, where they .inchoicd to
wait for the boat, which brought their kedgc .iftir
them ; and though it was a clear day, they could hot
dilcern where the rock ftood.

" At length the captain, aftcraconfultation, judged
it proper to return to Tekoa, there to endeavour la.
Hop iuch part of the leak as they found to be in their
(lern. Accordingly they fet (ail for the idand, and
at fun -let anchored in the fame place, which'for their
turns they defired. This day, for a long time they
kept both pumps goltig, but the water ftill increafrJ
when the chain chanced t«i break, which nftrii
, . happened ,

•ftljj

TO () U 1 N K A AND THE EAST INDIES.

J^«

It:

cx-

irdi
lidt
the
hi'i-

Rill

1 to
not

bsppntcJ. The two pum|>« at once cmployol twtlvc
men, .mil (he LitiDur W.II In ixtrcinr, thul withnul
Otiliiii >' iMiiJt It cuuM not long he contlnurd ; but
the wall , h<''ng oiK'c htnu^'ht low, one piim|i at u
Illl1^' h.is ilw.i;> txTit fiilK' K-nt to (liCih.irjjc it | Jnil
yet It tucs all the |i-r>ple liv oiirii lhi^lol^ : lo 0\H
thi) cdplifo touiul it i^>{|li>ii J more ih.iir orjin^ry
adJrcri to a|f|Xift their itiurno;'"";'' •>lJ lUinoili'i;

" On the i*'!, ,<n<l iho two iii*»><iliii{( lUys ihcy
l.i. ' ' iiiJiio, cum, .*?, JiiJ othrr ihin^t, iinli-a-
vourii It) I'ljhtfn the H.di, *h'M.' tiny kmw the
leak W4«, riicy were cliuii ciii|il y'l, till thi' Stii ol
Derember, in (toppmo thn l';ik», who ll dim*", thry
kt lull Iruin Teko.i, Jivl, wiili ilir b<jiii a-hi.n', r"'
uvcr the b.vr, havin;r (our t.ithoiin ;it low wiIm.
They g«t without tlio lll.iiiJ l»y the hil|i of a (i. lii
giile at iiorth-iiorth-call, luirth-iiof (h-we(i .!iul north-
Witt, which a« tlir Inn not liijjii, both dul' 1. miil jt
lali Ihrniik npon thrni : roth:it their roTle lym;; but
fouth-routli-wi.ll aiiJ lipntli-liy-Wi(>,thcyranK'liy ilJi-
oiailun, near the rock which ih<y h.vJ t'oinierly llrui'k
ujion. Tiny niaile iliiigcnl I'carcli with boal» a-hiMcl,
■nO could Uilccrn no figns of it, the lia lH'in|' rinooth \
they Ihcn fit away tu the fnuiliw.ml, I'oiitii-by-wii.
»nd fouth, from liin-fct to fiin-iitinj';, the o'h il.iy
with* finall (^alc nirlh-will-by-wcrt. Afti uv.iiiU,
having; IK-eitd ("onih-will-bv-fouth ten Kii;^',iic<, with
the ttinil at Will-Morth-will and weH, thiy dilciicd
fume p.in of a great ill.iiiJ bt.irin^^ foiith-welleily, and
then Iteerrd away fouth. Thi^ night they had much
rain in gutU, wiili thunder and litihtninn, the >Aind
was fickle, (hriiikinNt to the foutji-wcll and foutli-
fuuth-wcll : it continued not long in that point,
ihlltiny to the lbiith-ra|(, ealt-fouth-eall, and lalt j
and again to luuth-c il(, thiy r.nled about eight Icmiics
to fun-rile, at which limr that part of (he ill.ind
which they faw the night before, bore Ibuth-cail
eight Icaeuet off. Alfo to the nlKvui J they had fi;;ht
6r the higii land of .Suinatr.i, near twenty leagues
diftaiit. At noon they were in two degrees eleven
minutes fouth latitude. The nortlicrmnOpartof thel'e
illattds, lies nine leagues fouth-ealt from the found
they came through between theweflcrn iflands.

On the 20th, they arrived at Pulo P.inian, the
Pepper-corn having been fitted there. Sir Henry
Middleton called a council to advife about the
damages which the 1'radc's Inereafc had received
upon the rock : the refult w.is, that ftic tnull be now
ftrengthened and careened^ before (he could return
home I (this commander died in this voyage at
Machian, on the a4th of May, as was thoiiijht of
grief, for the (hip's being oh (noro, and the lofs of
nis men) and as this rctiuired fo much timfi
that (he could not fet forward this year ; it was con-
cluded to difpatch the Pepper-corn Immediately
for England, to give fome Utisfailion to the ad
venturers."

The Pepper-corn being l.iden» on the ith of Feb-
ruary fet fail, and arrived on the loth of May in the
road of Saldanna, where Captain Uoiinton exped^cd to
have found all the (hips, which formerly departed
homewards i but he there met with only the Heflor,
and Thomas, two (hips of th« eight voyagers, and
Captain Newport, in the expedition, employed in
the 1 2th voyagr, by help of whofe men and coopers
the Pepper-corn in four days took in all her water,
intending not to (lay to refrelh her men, in order to
have the company homewards of the Thomas and
Heililor, which were to depart the next day. Accord-
ingly, the isth, at nine in the morning, they fet
fail, with the wind fuuthcrly, but being out of the
bay, they were much delayed by contrary winds,
which drove them foutliwardly< I'his night the Ex-
pectation doubled the Cape of Good Hope, (haping
her courfe towards Perfia, there to land Sir Robert
Shirley, and his Perfian lady, with Sir Thomas
Powel, and his £ngli(h lady, ;dlpa{rengers, who were
bound thither.

Towards evening the next day, the Thomas was
fallen far aft^n ^ but the He<f)ur with lofty fi^l bore

awJV. rhi« nii;t the Pippcr-eorn loft their eoirimiy,
which, to rci'uvcr, the raptain Hood to thcl^julli-
ward, He kn'W they coiilii nut run hiiii out uf fii^hr^
:ind alihoiif^h he thought II a^.iinll rc.iluii tn (land iii
upon a leetliore, yet he bore up iinvaidi l.md, In uidrf
tolii'k them. Not leeing them, he delayeil the tiiie
for them till the i()ih, dutiii].; which lime the men
were employed in repairing their we.ik ind decayed
fails.

This day at fun-rifin;', Saldanna bore half ad.|'rfn
e:ill, dillani 17 lea^uei, the wrathei U\i\a iloi,lv
inddatk, whiih continued the three fcdiowin; day«.
Tlie abth uf June, as they i.inie .ili, m i)ic 11, mn-
eall point, opening the road, and lultid in, with
(li Ir anchor,, ready tohl f.ill, (li> y obl,'rviil ivo e.i-
raik> III (he ro.id, whole ncighbouiiiood did not plenik
Captain Douiiioii, luithrr lUirll he vthiurt (v aocht/r
by them, on acroiiiit >>l lheirulii.il titiichi-ry | f^ute,-
l,irc he Ihjnd nil again by ,1 wind, to delibirntc (or ii
while what to do. His intention was tolimnond in
a'.'ain, to try «hitliii thiy would bef^one, concluding
tliey iiiij^lit, upon a ruppufilion, lli.it \n- lidd iiion
coiii|i.iiiy iii.ir h;iiid •, but h, I'Oiiul the current ftt the
(liip 1,1 fill to the leew.iid, ih.it lie ciiild li.n K n-
cover the road by twoo'clm k in the .ili< 1 nor n, Tind-
iiij^^ llicre w.is no ollur rem ,lv, he oid.rcd tin. I.iilort
to be.ir n|i the helm tor K,n",l;ii,li hi^ liopis In in;
thus Irullrated, both of rclnlliini; l>i>< wi ,lk and flcklf
people, ami rcgainin;; the coin|i..iiy of ijnr Mi.ilot and
I'hoinas. The 15th and ifjth, they li id many fliuwoi
of r.iin I and the l8th llieycrofliJ (h'- line.

Th.- lolh of Septimber, they h.icl .1 very firong
gale of wind, and a hollow |,.a j but bcin;; iiii.ibK-
to j;et into any part of the Couth of Kii;;laiid, (hsy
lloo,l oil their coinli", noith-caft, in |iO|is to fetch
Mil ford H.iven in Wali>, the looncr to frnJ Icttirs to
the company. The 11th, at five oMowk in the af-
leriioon, lli y difcovernl the roall of \V.;le<i towind-
waid, nndtlic coa(t of Ireland to leeward, being a
high hill between Wexford and Watrtford. lliia
night they fprnt with their he.id to the fuulhward^
and next morning, finding it was not poinble to fetch
Milford Haven, the winds being cohtr-iry, he (looJ
in towards the lirll coaft, ihuftng to (;<> to VVaicrford,
rather than any other h.trbour. 'I'ho 13th in the
morning, they difcovercd the tower (,f Whooke, the
only mark for the river of Waterfoid, about ihrrc
leagues diliant. At eight o'clock they perceived <
fmall boat coming out of ilie river, which, be-
ing walled, bound to Wexford) wh'im the captain
hired to return, and give notice of his coming, tu
the lieutenant of the port of Dun^annon, to prcvcnif
his (lopping there, bccanleof the channel being nar-
row in that place, the (hip might be endangered in
winding up at anchor. At noon they got up into the
river, fo hiah as Palliigc. Here he found Mr. Stephen
Bonner of Lime, being come with hisba'rk to (i(h,
who laying afide his own buflnefs, was very diligent
to provide for the cale at)d relief of the weak and
Tick.

On the 18th, the captain fent Mr. Bonner towards
London, with letters to the company, to "ivc them
an account of his arrival and wants, dclirine they
might be fupplicd, Tlieaofli, Dr. Laniadei, Tiifliop
of Waterford, vci-y kindly vifited Captain Douiitnn,
bringing down with hini his good cheer, and preacKwd
afcrmonon board. The aill, Capta!:i 'ii'n Bur-
rel came to fee him alfo, and having proHi- : >) lend
him money to fupply his wantv, provided iie could
fend fomebody toCorlt for it 1 he, on the nth, Itnt
Mr. Mollineux along with the captain tWtfher. The
22d Anthony Stratford, lieutenant of the fort of
Dungannon, having hireid a villainous fellow (whoin,
for his mi(behaviour. Captain Uoiinton had cauled
to be imprifoned in Waterford) to fay what niuft bring;
him and his men within the llatute of piracy, obtained
a warrant from the Earl of Ormond, and came to Paf-
fage, whet* he fent to defir» the captain to fend his boat
well manned, to fetch him and feveral other gentlemen
on board to lee the Ihip. The boat's crew appre-

hendei

3<)>

VOYAGES OF THE ENGL IS fl

[1611.

hcnJcil the men, and prcrently came on board i where,
having arrclleil the captain and his fliip for piracy, he
committed him prifoncr to the fort uf Dungannon,
iving ftridl charge that none (hould have accefs to
im, without hi« warrant ; and would have obliged
thofe, \v)iu by his permiflion vifitcd the captain, to de-
clare on oath, what difcourfc palled between them.
His man was fwurn not to carry letters between him
and any one : they alfo examined fcveral of the peo-
ple this night upon oath, omitting nothing that
might induce them to accufc him. He continued in
prifun till the 16th in the morning, at which time
Stratford brought him a letter from Sir Laurence Ef-
mond his captain, inviting him to meet him (the
knight) at PalVage. They went together; and there
the captain met Sir Laurence, accompanied with the
bifhop of VVatcrford, come from the Earl of Ormond,
to replace him in his charge ; which, after much in-
treaty and perfuafions, he yielded to. The 23d Mr.
Alollincux, having fent the captain's letters to the
company, to acquaint them with the aforementioned
affair, returned from Cork with money.

On the 2jth Mr. Benjamin Jofeph, in a fmall (hip

of Briftul, came, and brought with him both men,
money, and provifmns, to fupply the captain's wants,
which he took in with all fpced in order to be gone.
The 6th of Oflober he departed from the river of
Waterford, the 12th in the morning he was abrcatt
of Bcachy ; and b^ eight at night anchored in Dover
road. Tlie 13th in the morning he left Dover road,
and at ten o'clock anchored in the Downs, near the
Aflurnncc man of war, faluting her with five pieces uf
ordnance. Immediately Mr. Cocket, the maltcr,
cainc on board, and again ftopjxd his fliip till farther
order from the lord admiral: Upon this Captain
Dounton fcnt Mr. Mollineux to London, with let-
ters to inform th« company of it. The 17th Mr.
Aderfly came from them with a letter for the captain,
a rcleafe for the Aiip ; and Mr. Punniat, a pilot, to
bring her about, the i8tli in the morning, they fct
fail i and at fix o'clock at night anchored at I'ilburv.
The 20th, in the morning, they departed; and at
ten o'clock came up to Rlackw.ill. In the afleninuii
the deputy, and Icvctal of the committee, coming
down, Captain Dounton delivered up his chirgc. —
And thus ended the voyage to the Red Sea and bur.it.

A VOYAGE TO THE CANAP.IES, CAPE VERDE ISLANDS and
"bARBADOES, by captain ROBERTS.

THE Englifl], who had fuccefsfully followed the
track of the Portuguefb in the Eaft, were early
difpofed to fail to the weltcin hemifphere. 1'hc Ca-
iiarics and Cape Verde iflands, which the Portuguefc
claimed the honour of difcovering, though fome ot
them were probably known to the ancient;:, under
the name of the Fortunate Iflands or Hefperides,
^vere vifited by the Englilh, who alfo founded fcttle-
ments in the Weft-Indies.

The voyage we are about to relate is one of thofc
which abounded in crofs adventures to the under-
taker, but at the fame time is Iiich as muft, by
jils variety, prove entertaining to inoft of our read-
ers. —

On the 14th of September, 1721, Captain Roberts
contraiHcd with fome merchants of London to go to
Viiginia; and there, nftcr taking polTeflion of a floop
called the Dolphin, to buy a cargo to flave with on the
coaft of Guinea, from whence to proceed to Virginia
or B.irbadoes, as he judged mod for the owners .id-
vantage. Captain Scott, one of the owners, being
bound for Virginia in the King Sagamore, a (hip of
22 guns, Roberts went on board him for fo much of
the voyage, and accordingly they fet fail from Lon-
don : But being driven into Plymouth by contrary
winds, they happened to be there when Lord Relha
vcn, who was going governor to Barbadoes in the
Royal Ann galley, had put into that port. The
1\-inJ foon after prefenting fair (though not likely
to ib.nd, the weather looking very unfettled) the
Riival .'\r.ii failed, but had not been long out before
(hu nut with hard and contrary gales of wind; and
(jb \v.\5 i.ippofed through the rauincfs of the lieute
ftant) ".v;is cafl away upon the Stagg Rocks of!" the
Li/.ard, wherein hlslordfliip, and mofl of the crew pC'
rifhcd. Ciptaiii Scott, with the author, (laid there
{tear a month wind boiind, and then failed, till they
arrived at (he ifle Du S.d. Here not meeting with
tny of the inhabitants, they made fail about eight at
night, and next day about ten arrived at Bona Viflaj
tvfietc it had been rcfolvcd upon to take in a cargo
of fait r they anchored in the Eiiglifll road under the
little ifland within the funkeii rock. Next day they
went on (hore to aoroc with the inhabitants for their
6

afTiftancc to bring fait from the falt-pans down to the
water-fidc ; as alfo to fettle prices of goods, and ct
the ifland horfes and aflcs, which they were to t.ikc
in after the fait. This done, they fet all hands to
work at making fait.

From hence they failed to the i(le of May, whcrt
they met with five fail laden with falt-petrc, for the
Eaft country up the Baltic, among whom tluy got
fome water, and alio tcibacco, wnich proved very
convenient. Hence they made for St. Jago, aiul
coming the length of Port Villa de Praya with
all their fails out, they could not lufF into the hay,
but were driven by the fea to the leeward of the
road : into which they did not go for three days, mid
by this means they left feveral of the aflcs. Being
arrived at Barbadoes the latter part of March, 1722,
their horfes and afles were in very bad plight, they
could fell but very few of the latter only j and had
not a country gentleman given the feeding gratis, the
cheaper way would have been to have knocked them
all on the head, for it would have cofl more to have
fitted them for a market than they would fell for.
Alfo the Canary wine they brought from the Tcnc-
rifFe was fold under the price of common Madeira :
th\s being the wine the people were ufed to, thcuglj
theirs coll double and was twice as good. Meeting
with thcfc difappointments Captain Scott reloUed
not to proceed to Virginia, according to his orders,
which Roberts not liking, he was dilcharged, at his
own dcfire, by the captain, the 24th of April ; who,
in lieu of wages and fome money lent, bought a flcop
called the Margaret, for Roberts to trade with, pro-
mifing a bill of falc to hold part in her proportion-
able to the debt. In this floop the author, t.iking a
cargo here for the coaft of G uinea about Rio Grande,
and the Cape de Verde Iflands, fet fail about the mid-
dle of July, 1722, in company of Captain Scott, for
fear of fome pirates they heard lay at the Caribbces :
However, he loft fight of Scott in a fquall of wind
three days after. Li this palFage, being confined to
his bed by fickncfs for ten days, they milTtd their
way, either by ignorance or carclcfncis of the mate,
fo that wandering backwards and forwards a great
while, at laft they arrived at the ifland of du Sal,

about

tjll.l

TO THE CAP6 VERDF. ISLANDS.

3V<

about the middle of Oclobcr. He cam; .o anchor in
the northcrmoft bay of Palmera : and ic being grcLii
turtle fcafon, fent his boat to bring one on board, il'
there were any frelh caught. On this occafion C.ip-
tain Roberts obfcrvcs, that the Trench often make
a turtlc.voyagc thither, falting thcrn on ihore, and
drying them n-.uch after the fame martncr as they do
cod at Newfoundland in the Weft Indies. The (hell
they fave for the French market, where it gener.illy
yields a better price than in England j efpccially tli.'.t
of the turtle caught about thcfe illands, which is of
the thinned fort, and extraordinary clear, as well as
finely clouded. Beftdes, ambcrgreafc is often found
in greater quantities at this illand than any other of
theCapcde Verdes, anddid not the wild cats cat it, (as
does alfo the green turtle) much more would be found
than there is. In about two hoiirs the boat returned,
bringing a green turtle of between twd and three hi!n-
dred weight, and with it a black native of St. Nieiio-
laj, who told him, that the turtle was fent as a prc-
fent by his companions, of whom there were about 60,
all natives of the fame ifland, brought thither to cateli
and cure turtle, by a cnptain of a (liip who, ten weeks
before, failed to Bona Vifta for fait ; but as he ftaiil
fo long away, they had no ho})esof feeing Him again,
and therefore offered Roberts half their turtle, oil,
Ihell, ambcrgreafe, &c. to carry them, with the other
half to St. Nicholas. Roberts being bound thither,
promifed to give them a pafl'age for nolliing, rcfufing to
meddle with the cfFctts till he knew the right of the
matter. This black faid he was an Engliihman i but
fcveral places in England being named, knew none of
them i at laft Roberts namcl Bermudas, and then the
negro told him he was of that ifland. Nc^t day,
about fcven in the afternoon, he fet fail for St. Ni-
cholas, carrying along with him fix men, two wo-
men, and a fucking child ; but nothing more of
theirs, than what was necelTary for the voyage. They
anchored by nine the night following, in Trcfall
road, in about fix fathofns water. In the morning,
the priefl (who was a Portuguefe) came to hiift and
faid, he had fent the before-mentioned floop to the Ifle
du Sali with the blacks, to catch turtle; that
fome were his own flaves, and the reft were hired,
fome at two^ fome at three or four dollars per month,
and, that all the turtle, oil, (hell, jcc. was entirely
his } but as he was afraid the floop was loft, he agreed
next day with Roberts, to fetch home the men and
effefts for loodollars, and a ftout man rtavc, to be
paid and delivered at his return, and before any of the
goods were landed. Next morning he went from
Trefall; which lies fifteen or eighteen miles from the
town, along a fteep rocky way, and anchored at Pa-
raghifi in tlie old road, being nearer the town than
Trefall, and; for the moft part, a level way j his in-
tent being to truck with him for fome of his corn,
rice, &c. for cotton cloth ; likewife for ambergrcafe,
dragon's blood; &c. The black alfo that he
brought from Sal, told him that all thefe windward
iflands of the Cape de Verde were in great want of
provifions, and that the famine had raged fo in St.
Nicholas, in particular, that within the laft twelve
months, there died 500 people merely for wSnt of

food, of which good part of his cargo confiftcd.

However, he did not ftay here, but refolved to lay
hold of the prieft's offer, for fear his floop fhould
come, being fatisfied he flinuld have time enough to
make his market at St. Nicholas, after his leturn
from du Sal, which, accidents excepted, would not take
up above a week ; nor did he fear any vcfl'el to fpoil
his market, it being the wrong time of the year,
viz. the Ihifting wind feafon. And though Captain
Scott had been there, (as he heard) but ten days be-
fore, yet they could be fuppllcd with very little pro-
vifion by him.

The next morning, he turned up Currifal, to re-
cruit his wood and water ; that being very commo-
dious for this laft, which runs there down to the foa;
but the wood was a long way to reach, over fteep
rbcks i fo that had it not been for four blacks aflift-

VoL. I. No. 34.

nice, (who were come onboard with th: ptieft) !u
go with him to du Sul, he thouj^ht Jiis iiW(\ ir.eii
would never have found it, or got it d i,\n w hi i(
found. The l.ill turn was got on loatd at eleven
o'cic ck at night J ami it proving calm iiitl'.e road, l;a
could not weigh anchor as he dtligncd ; ujiun Which,
thepriell, with Ins tour blacks, b'.itig le.i-fieft, lay
on fhore. Next mornin;r he rofe about dav-break,
as was his ufual eullnni, but ic continihiig llill
calm, as thcday brok.-, huikiiig out, lie law tliiee
fail of (hil<^ oH' (lie bay, and making one of thiiu
plain with his glals, fti'- leLinid to be full built, and
i.idcn i he Mok the reil to be the fame, and of lur
company, imiginiiig th.-y wanted water. He fiwr
thembnngto, thciied^'in;: au av, but could not per-
ceive any liijnal made by tin ni, all which contirnicd
him in his tirit o| •■• 1. But as I'oc'ii as the weather
cleared up, they ni.idc his fliip, the niiJdlenioll ftniid-
ing right in towards her; and as th.- fii'i rofe, the
wind iiicrcifd, an.i b.ieknl more to the e; tlward, as
is ul'ual there, after calm night'. As Ihe drew nearer
he found tier, by his i^lils, to be a fihooner, full of
hands, all 111 white fhirts ; and (e "ing lik.v/ife a great
number of guns, he began then to beal;irnieJ ; but it
was now too late to efcape tlu m ; efin-ci; ! ly a; it lul I
a calm within the bay, and thev came in with the
day-breeze as fall as the wind would p.rmir, carrying
an Englifhenfign, jack, an 1 pendanr. As foon as
Roberts favv tlicm, he hoirted liis eiili;;n Ah. The
other had eight guns, fix pateraroes, and 70 men,
and ftretehcd a-head, hailed liini, which Rehcrts an-
fwered. Then he afkcd where the fhip belonged to,
and whence (he carnc ? Roberts told him, fhe was of
London, and came from Barbadoes. He laid. Very
well, he knew that, and fo bringing too a-head of
him, bade him fend his boat on board of him, which
accordingly Roberts did, ,wilh two hands in her.

The captain of the fcliooncr, whofe name was
John Lopez, as he was told afterward?, but then
went by the name of John Ruflol, (pretending he was
born in the northern parts of England) afkcd the
people, who came in the boat, where the matter of
the floop was? They anfvvered, he was on board, and
fent them with the boat to know what he wanted.
He afked which was the mafter ? They flicwed him
Roberts walking the deck, whom he treated with
much abufive language, and afterwards, completely
pillaged the vefl<;l.

The prieft and blacks w;'rc by this time got up the
rocks, in order to efeape into the mountains, which
the pirates obfe.ving, Rulli-I .ifked, if he knew who
thofe perfons were? Roberts acquainted liim with
their intended voyage to Du Sal j upon *hich he faid,
the prieft would never fee his floop more, for they
had taken her ; but thst her own gang, whom they
had put on board her, had ran away with her, and
800 pounds in cafh, bcfules other goods. He added,
that the information he had received about the Au-
thor, and the probability of finding hiin at this ifland,
joined to another, crneerning 1600 dollars, whicfi
the prieft and governor of St. Nicholas had hoardid
up, was the only ocqifion of their coming thitlier;
having othcrwifc intended to go to Bona Viffa. Ro-
berts having afked from whom he had the intclligeneej
he nnmed Captain Scott; and 6n lii^ inr[uiriiig how
it was with the captain? they told him. But indif-
ferent i that they had bitrnt his fliip, and put him
on ftiorc at Bona Vifta.

Rulfcl rcfolving at any rate, to have the prieft, de-
termined to fail down to Paraghifi, to catch him
from thence, and made Roberts pilot him thither, in
his floop. 'I'he pirates on hoard her flipping her ca-
ble, lift both that and the anchor behind, be-
caufe they would not be at the trouble to weigh.
The other (hips ftill lay to in the offing : biit as
foon as they faw them make fail down to Icevvard, the
Rofe-Pink, which mounted thirty-fix carriage-guns,
commanded by Edmund Loe, who was th^ir commo-
dore, edged in towards them. Upon this, they
doing the like, Ruflel gave him aii account «f what
5 I had

3<J4

VOYAGES OF THE ENGLISH

»•■./¥

[1722-

had pnflcd, nnJ of liis dcfign of landing that evening
to lake the pridl ^nd governor, if he approved of it,
the commodore agreed } and, in his launch fent fomc
of the lliip's comp^iny to reinforce the fchooncr's crew.
Then they hauled in for fhorc again : and coming the
length of Porto Lappa (which is a road or bay, ly-
ing about the middle bewecn Currifal and Paraghili)
one of the fchooncr's company fwoie, that
to his knowledge, this was the beft place 10 land at,
and ncarcft to the town. Upon this, Rufl'el ordered
them to ftand in for the bay ; and when they were
^ot within half a league of the land, went on fhorc
in the boat, at the head of thirty-five men, ordering
their vciTcl to keep on their coiirfe, and anchor in the
old road of Paraghifi. Next day, Rufl'el and his
company came down to thein, with their priefl, the
old governor's fon, and live or fix negro men, their
prifoners. They all immediately came on board,
and weighing, flood ofl" to the fhips %vhich were then
lying too in the ciiinf^ ; and coming within call of the
commander, he hailed them, and afked, How all
fared, and what luck? Rufl'el anfwcred, he would
wait on liim on board, and give him a particular
account. Accordingly the prieft and the refl of the
prifoners, were put on board the launch, (Roberts
alfo btin^ ordered along with them, to pay his refpedls
to Captain Loe, the commodore) and RulTel followed
them in his own boat. When he entered the Pink,
the company welcomed him on board, and faid,
they were forry for his lofs j but told him he muft
pay his rcfpccls to the Captain, who was in the
cabin ; and waited fof him. He was ufhcred in by
an officer, (the gunner, he thought) who ailed with
proper deportment as mailer of the ceremonies :
though he did not remember fuch an officer, or ofBce;
nor knew whether they were always fo formal on
board on furh occafions. When they entered the
cabin, the gentleman ufher, making a low reverence
to the commodore, prefented Roberts, and then with-
drew, leaving thofc two alone. Captain Loe, with
the ufual compliments, welcomed him on board, and
told him, *' Ho was very forry for his lofs ; that it
was not his deflre to meet any of his countrymen,
(but rather foreigners) excepting fomc few, whom
he wanted to chaftifc for their roguilhncfs :" " But
however, fays he, fincc fortune has ordered it fo,
that you have fallen into our hands, I would have
you be of good chear, and not be call down." Roberts
replied, " He was alfo very forry that he had chanced
to fall in their way ; but Hill encouraged himfelf
with hopes, that he was in the hands of gentlemen of
honour and generofity : it being flill in their power
to make this capture turn out no misfortune to him."
The other faid, " It'did not lie fingly in his breafl, for
that all bufinefs of that nature was to be fettled by
a majority of votes in the whole company : and
although neither he, nor he believed, any of the reft,
defired to meet with any of their own nation, except
I'ome few perfons, for the reafon above mentioned,
yet when they did, it could not well be avoided, to
take as their own what providence fent them : and as
they were gentlemen who depended upon fortune,
they diirft not be fo ungrateful to her, as to refufc
any thing which fhe put in their way, for if they
Ihould dcl'pife any of her favours, though ever fo
«ican, they might offend, and caufc her to withdraw
her hand from them, who might thus, perhaps,
pcrifh for want of thofc things, which, in their lafh
folly, they had (lighted." Afterwards he made him
drink with him, and renewed his protcllations.

As it was now known that the t)uarter-ma(lcr
generatRufTel was come on board with his prifoners,
he was ordered to attend, and with the pricil and the
governor's fon of St. Nicholas, entered the cabin.
They were followed by the officers, ami lume of the
moft fignalifed villains among them, who llood faired
for preferment. The cabin thus filled, Loe, alter
the neccfl'ary compliments, bade Riillcl and tlic pri-
foners fit tlown; and then afked what news.' On
which, RulTcl gave him an account ui the wliule

aflair: which was as follows. After landing,
thirty-five men, they immediately feiiied two of the
natives: who were lent by the governor tocniiuuc
(as ufual) whence, and upon what account they came.
Thefe fellows they made their guides to the town i
which, night coming on, and the road being uneven
and rocky, they could not otherwife have reached that
night. They cot thither about nine o'clock, it
being about twelve miles, by eftimation, from the
landing place; by this means they prevented any
notice of their coming : and fo were aflured there
was no booty but what they found. They went
firft to the governor's houfe, where leaving a guard,
they pafled along to the prieil's, who they found had
not been long returned from Currifal. But though
he had not the Icafl thought of this their fudden arri-
val, till his own eyes confirmed it, yet he did not
fcem much furprifcd. He ordered what vijluals he
had, and wine enough, to be fet on the table j tell-
ing them, he could not entertain them as he would,
at fuch an unfeafonuble time of night : but that they
were welcome to what they found; and if they ilaiil
till to-morrow, they fliould be fupplied plentifully
with whatever the ifland afforded : Ruflel thanked
him, and told him, he came of an errand, and mud
perform it : which was that having pofitive informa-
tion from very good hands, that both he and the
governor had a quantity of dollars as well as gold
hoarded up; that they were come to fhare it with
them, it being one great branch of their trade, not to
let money lie moulding in old bags or chells, but to
make it move and circulate whenever they could come
at it. To this the prieft without any apparent con-
cern, replied. That whoever gave them that infor-
mation, it was falfe. They faid. Seeing and feeling
muft prove whether it was true. The prielt
told him he was very welcome to make ufc of thole
fcnfes for his fatisfaiflion ; and immediately ordered
wax candles to be lighted ; for they had no other, and
thofe were all confecrated.

With thefe they fcarched every corner about the
houfe, but found nothing, only twenty dollars, which
he did not think worth while to take. From hence
they went to the governor's houfe, and fearched that
as narrowly, but found ftill lefs there. " After
this, fays Kuflel, 1 difpofed of my men as I thought
moft convenient for refrefhing them after their
fatiguing jouiney: but yet with due regard to our
own fecurity, by letting a watch, ordering the reft"
to rcpofc as well as they could, but not one of them
to ftir out of the governor's houfe : I gave them
withal a ftriJl charge to be ready with their arms at s
moment's warning, and not lav them out of their
hands, or unfling their piflols : which was punilu-
ally performed, Next morning, as we h.id not lighted
on the booty according to inl'orm.ition, which there-
fore was deemed falle, we concluded to liize and
bring on board, the governor, the prieft, and fouro(
five of the principal inhabitants for your ample faiif-
faifiion." Here Captain Loe, who fat as demure and
attentive all the while; on a fudden ftarted, as it
were out of deep ftudy, and interrupted Ruflel in his
(lory : and a difpute enfucd about the money
expeiilcd, iu which Rufl'el leemcd to have the ad-
vantage.

" lie afterwards fent to the prieft to come to him
at the governor's houfe : but the prieft was fled with
all his llavcs, only an old woman, who told them
this flory. Upon this RufTel ordered the governor,
who was an ancient negro, to bring him in two hours
time. The governor faid, he would do his utmoft,
but that it was impoffible to be done in fo fhort a
tune, in cafe the prieft was gone to the mountains, as
he hearil he was, it being very eafy for him to remain
there I'everal months undifcovered, notwithftanding
the molt diligent fearch. RufTel, without regarding
his excufes, afl'ured him he would burn their town tv
alhrs. 1 lie governor anfwcred, That he lay at
their mercy ; hut hoped the innocent fhould not
fufi'er with the guilty, if his endeavours iboirld prove

fruitlcff.

tyj.?.-]

TO THE CAPE VERDE ISLANDS.

iii

friiitlifj. Ruflll told him, The time was fct, and
ill'; (Juoin Would mu be deferred a moment alter tlie
ixpitatioii : bur pKiiiiilcd tlic priclt Ihould not be
killcii or abuf.d, providal he luncndcrcd himllll
within the time limited. 'I'he governor liaviiig lent
iminediatcly (evcral parties of blacks on the hunt.
Rull'el in the mean tim.', ordered him to kill an ox,
anddrefs it as toon as he could, and liioach a pipe ol
wine I'or his nu n. In about two hours I'omc of the
blacks brought word, that they had found the prieft,
and that he had lent them to let him know, lie was
coming to throw himfelf intirtly upon his mercy :
atcorchngly he came, and very lubmiflively alked
Rufl'el's pardon, faying, He repented that he ftioiild
be fo foolilli, as to fneak away and abfcond, having
no rcafon, as he believed, to do fo, but his own
j;ri>Uiidlcfs apprehcnfions. The pirate bade him chear
up, but told him, he had like to have ruined the
whole inand by his unadvifcd flight ; for that if he had
not come as he did, he was refolved, as foon as his
men had filled their bellies, to have burnt the town
to allies, church and all. The pricll faitl. He
thanked God that he was come time enough to favc
them, and the captain for his clemency in deferring
his vengeance fo long : the more eftci^ually to appealc
whole wrath, he fent to his houfc for wine, fowls,
and an anker of rum. With this good cheer they
made very merry, and kept open houfe, treating all
the natives that came to them at the parfon's expence.
When they had fufficiei)tly caroufed, Ruflel told the
jiricft and governor, that they and fix more, whom
he would chufe, inull go on board the commodore.
The pi left feemed much furprifed at this news, and
faid, He hoped he would not carry them away from
the illand, nor make flaves of them. Upon which
Rull'el told him. That he was a member of the
Church of Rome as well as himfelf, and that no
harm fhould be done him, or any of his company :
his intention being no more than to have the commo-
dore fatistied by their own teftimony, that the inform-
ation he had received of their having fo much
money, was falle. At this he Teemed very well con-
tented, and they went on board accordingly.

Captain Loe faid, he had behaved very well, and
alked the prieft fcveral queftions, after which he di-
rected the captives to be put on Ihore in the fchooner,
but Roberts was ordered to remain on hoard the
commodore till his own and floops fate fliould be
decreed by the company. Mean while Loe ordered
him a hammock with bedding, and told him, in the
moft (rencrous obliging manner, that every thing in
the (hip was at his command, and defired him not to
go out of his ufual courfc as to hours, drinking, or
company.

Next morning about eight, as he was walking the
deck, one of the company came up to him, and bid-
ding him good morrow, faid, he was forry for his mil-
fortunes J adding, " 1 believe vou do not knpw me?"
which was true, for the author could not then call
him to mind, or that he had ever fecn him before.
The man liniled, and fiid, " He once belonged to
him, when he commanded th;- biu!ann.ih, (a frig.ite
built fliip of 300 tons) in 171K. Hy this time there
came up two more, who alio declared th.U they be-
longed to the Sufannah at the fame time; Roberts
thought he did remember lomething of them. Thev
cxprclliil forrow for his ill-luck, and promifcd to do
all that lay in their power to lerve him: they laid,
" They had among them about forty or fifty pieces
of white linncn, and fix or eight of filk, befides
fome other things ; and that they would make what
intcrcd they could with their contorts and intimates
for gathering fo him of what they could, and put all
on board as loon -.v. the company had decreed him his
(loop again." Upon this they looked about, as if
they l.ad fomc'hing to fay in private; and feeing the
deck clear, which is ve. y rare in thefe fhips, they
told him with in.ieh feemino; concern, " That if he
did not ta'<c very great ta'c, he would be forced to
flay with them ; foi hi'^ m.;ic h.id informed them, that

he was very well acquainted with the Coaft of Urafilj
and tliey I'efigmd to llreti ' ver thither ; after fcour-
ing that or Ciuinea ; bin iliey had not a nun among
the 111 who had ever been at the former. They faid
there was but one way for him to efcape being forced.

(>ii this, injoining him to fecn ey, fince the dif-
coverv W4S p . nuicli as their lives were worth) they
told him, that they luid been at clofe confultatiopj
whether they fliould oblige him to go with them, not
as one of the company, but as a forced prifoncr, in
order to be tlieir pilot on the coaft of Brafil, and that
his mate had otlered to enter with them, but defired to
defer it till they had determined his (Roberts's) cafe {
that the mate being alked whether he (the author) was
married, faid he could not tell for certain, but be-
lieved he was not; that on this, they themfclves
fpokc in his behalf, as having known him for fevcral
years, and giving him the charafter of being veiy
good to his men both for ufage and payment, and
aflirined, that to their knowledge, he was married*
and had four children. On this occafion they told
him. That they had an article among themfelves, to
which they were fworn, never to force any married
man againft his will to fervc them; and therefore he
fliould be fure to fay, he was married, and had five or
fix children, for that nothing elfe could prevent his
being forced ; that his mate was as yet ignorant of
their articles, for that they never expofc them to any
body till they are going to fign them. They intormed
him farther, that there was one man who would fain
have the company break through their oath on that
head, infilling, that they might, and ought to do it,
becaufe it was a cafe of necellity, as there was no
poflibility otherwifc of getting a pilot for the Brafils,
unlefs in their run along the coaft of Guinea they
(hould find one fo qualified, and within their articles.
In which cafe, he iiiid, they might let him, (Roberts)
on fliore ; but that till then they ought to detain him,
but Captain Loe was againft it.

He afterwards came on deck, and bidding good-mor*
row, ordered a confultation fignal to be made ; it
was a green filk flag, with the figure of a trumpeter
in yellow, hoifted it the mizzen peak, on which all
coming on board, and into the cabin or fteerage, or
where they could, the commander told them, he only
wanted them to breakfaft with him. — Mr. Roberts be-
ing examined, told him of his family, which occa-
fioned a great difpute between Loe and Ruflel, the for-
mer wifhed to cxcufe him while the latter was of a
contrary opinion ; but the whole ended with a drink-
ing bout.

Next morning, one of the three men who fpoke to
the author the morning before, came and excufed his
own and the other's refervcdnefs to him, on account of
an article among them, which made it death to hold
any fecret correfpondence with a prifoner. He farther
told Roberts, that he might thank his mate for this
extraordinary difpute ; and, that he much feared, he
would prove a rogue to him, and enter with them g
in which cafe, faid he, if you fliould get your floop,
you'll be fadly put to it to manage her, with only one
boy and the little child. He heartily wiflied they
could go wi th h im in her, but they faid, that could not be
thought of, it being death even to mention it, by ano*
ther "article, which declares, " That if any of the
company ftiall advife or fpeak any thing tending to the
feparating or breaking of the compajiy, or Ihall by
any means oft'cr or endeavour to quit the company,
that pcrfon fliall be Ihot to death, by the quarter-
mafter's order, without thefentence of the court mar-
tial." He added. That till his mate hat! given Ruf-
fel an account of his being acquainted with the coaft
of Brafil, he feemcd to be his beft friend, and would
certainly have prevailed with the company to make a
gathering for him, perhaps not much fljort in value
of what they had taken from him ; for that moft of
them had fevcral pieces of linen, filk, fpare hats,
flioes, flockings, gold- lace, and abundance of other
goods, befides the public ttore ; it being a pra£lic€
among them, to rcfcrvc fuch things for neotberufcthan

396

VOYAGES OF THE K N G L I S If

to give to any they fliould fnltc, whom tliey were fur-
merly acquainted with, or to whom they took a preCcnt
liking. He laid farther, that hebclicveil Cnptain Loc
would be his friend, and do what he could for him ;
but that in uppofitiun to Rull'el, he could do hut lit-
tle, for that Ruirel bore twice the fway with the com-
pany, and wasahvays more confiderate to thofc they
took than Loe.

After this mar> loft him, Captain 1>oe came up,
and paflingthc ufi^l compliments, they took each a
dram of rum, a»^d difcourfed on different fubjeits :
for he was forceif to fcem plcafed with every one, and
join in difcou/fe with them on all topics, however
difagreeable, otherwife he mull have incirrred ihcir
difpleafure ; in which cafe every one might have
let loofe his brutal furyf and fell upon him either
with his tongue or hands ; for they made no fcrirple
to kick and ciiff, or otherwife abufc their piifoners,
merely for a little game. About ten o'clock Cap-
tain KufTel, with fomc more, came on board ; and
in an agreeable manner addreflinir himfcif to Roberts,
told him, that he had been coniidering about his re-
queft for his Hoop ; but could not fee how he Ihould
go through with it. He laid, he bilievcd Roberts
was a man of undcrftanding j but that, in this cafe,
he feemed rather to be diredted by an obltinatc dcfpair
than by reafon : that, for his part, lie did not think
rt confiftent with the credit and reputation of the
company, to put it into his power to throw himfelf
wilfully away, as he fccmed determined to do; that
therefore, as he had wilhed him well, he had employ-
ed his thoughts all niiiht about the aftair, and be-
lieved he had hit at lall on a way, which, without
expoHng himfelf to fo much dangi r, would turn out
much mote, to his advantage than any thing he could
pofliblyejtpeflby having thefloop^ " Andth.it, fays
he, is to fink or burn your (Voop. In tins cafe, con-
tinued he, I promHc (and will engage to get the
company to fign and agree to it) that you thivjl have
the firft prize we take, if you like her, to be at your
own ufe and difpofal ; and if not, you fhall ftay till
we take one you do like."

Roberts thanked him ; but faid, " He did not per-
ceive it would be of any advantage to him, but ra-
ther the rcverfc, that he coald not fee how he (hould
difpofc of the (hip, or any part of tlw cargo ; for that
nobody would buy, except he had a lawful power to
fell i and that if the owners of any fach fliip or goods
{hould ever come to hear of it, then he flinuhi he
obliged .to make them reftitution to the full value;
or, perhaps, be thrown into a j.iil, and run the ha-
zard of his life." Ruflel faid, " Thcfe were but fiivo-
loQS objeflions, and might be evaded; for, as for
want ot title to the Slip, and fear nf being deteifled,
they could eafily make him out a bill of falc, and fuch
other necefTary powers in writing, as would be fitffi-
cient tojuftify his right to them bevond all poflibility
of exception. That as to his apprehenfions of a dif-
covcry by the owners, that mii^ht be as eafily pre-
vented : for they (the pirates) ihould always know,
by exairilnation of the mailer, iVc. as well ass by the
writings taken on board fuch ihip, (which they al-
ways took care to feize upon) who were the princi-
pals concerned in both Ihip and cargo, with their
places of abode." He added, " that Roberts might
have the powers and writings in another name, which
he might go by, till he had finished his bufinel's, and
then could afiume his own, which method would in-
fallibly fccure him from all poflibility of a difcovc-
ry." Roberts told him, " that he confefled there was
not only a probability, but a feuning certainty in
what he propofed, as well as abundance of addrcfs in
the contrivance; but at the fame time aiTured him,
that were he pofitively certain that the affair would
turn out ever fo well, yet there w.is fiill a ftrongcr
motive to deter him from accepting of the offer, and
that was his confcience; which, he faid, would be a
continual fting and accufcr. After this, Roberts ex-
patiated on the neceflity of reftitution, and touched
on fome points which he thought might awaken in

11722.

fnnie, at leaf), of his au.lilois .1 ftiil'c f.f repcitan'.r.
(Jii this occafinn fume of tlieni l.ii.l, he would do will
to preach a (t.rnimi, ;..iid would n\ake thtni a goiid
chaplain; ollieis (hid, No; thev w:uiud no ;',<*ili-
nefs to be prcuhed ihcr., and ih.it pirates h..d rm
gods but their money, noi f.ivioiir but their .1111.'."
I'odo them jullue, houtrcr, others appiovid i,f .ill
he laid, and wilhed th;it !;iiillinels, or at K.dt liinrc
humanity, were more in priu'lice .nnioiiL; ihun, wliieS
tliey Klieved Would he inort- to tlu'ir iT|iutali(in, anil
caul'e .1 grcatir eltecni fiir them both fioni Cod aiitJ
man. After llris a fileilce follt)wc(l, which Captain
Rullcl broke by employing all his little fojihiffry to
pcrfuade Roberts, that the accepting uf any tliiiil
from them, which they had taken fioni others, could
be no crime in him, though it might be one in them,
fincclie had no h.iiid in the t.ipture, and wits a von-
ftraincd prilbner. As to the owners liavini; II It a
right; •' Su^ipofe (oontini.Td he) we fhoiiUf rikl/e
to fink or burn Ivtr, unlels you will nccipt of her;
now where is the owner's propcrrj', when the Ihip is
funk or burnt? Hliink, Ihe impulfibilit)- of his ever
having her ag.iin cuts it oiK to all intuit? .iitd inirpo-
fcs : and out power was the fuiie, notwith(tamlin»
our giving her to you, if we had thought lit to ii;.ik"e
ufe of it." Loe and all the . -eft fiul, they liked f*
hear them argue, and that Roberts was a iiiateh f(.r
Ruflel, although, it feems lie could feldom niict with
a man to ftivnd him ; bnt ilie author pufhed the mat-
ter no farther, finding he began to be pee\ ifti, and .is it
was R(i>lved to give him his vil'.t again. Ho'AcvtT
that night when they were drinking together, a dis-
pute arofe about w!io was the rightful kingof Kri;;lant',
when Ruflel attempted to fire on Roberts, and was
difarmcd and confined for it. He vvai ordered not to
offer tlic leaft dillurbiintc again, nor concern hinilbU
with' or about the author, till after he was on Iward
the commodore, on pain of the crew's difpleafure, and
alio of being profecatcd ik a mutineer : the gunner
told Roberts, they would have put him on board thi:
commodore that inftant, tut for an exprefs order
amowg them, to receive no boat on board after eight or
nineo'clock at the fart heft. Next morning they carried
him on board Captain Loe, and about four in the afters
noon RiWlcl came with Francis Spriggs, who com-
manded the other /liip, and after a iiitle while to!J
Loe, tliat the mate of the fliip was willing to enter
with them a volunteer ; 011 this I,oc alkcd. How they
Ihould do in that cafe? becaufe thvn the niafter of
the floop will have nobody to help him, but one hov .
for,f"ayshe,thelittlcchild is no help at all. Runilft-
plied, he could not help that. " Hut, faid Loe, we muft
not take all the hands from the ]»oor man, if we defigti
to give him his floop again ; adding, that he thought
in reafon there could not be Irfs than two hoys and a
mate. Ruflel laid, the mate was a lufty, brifk, ynuntj
fellow, and had been upon the account before. On thi»
he faid, that he was but jull come from on board the
(loop, and that the mate, in Sprigg's hearing, declared,'
that he was fully rcfolved to go with them, and not in
the floop, unlets forced ; and th.tt hisdcfign, when he
came out of Karbadocs, was to enter himfelf on board
the firft pirate he met with. " Uefides, contiiuicd hc<-
he told me, the firft day, that he was relolvcil to enter
with us." Loe replied, that M give a man his fliKip,
and no hands to aflift him, was but putting him to a
lingering death, and they had as good alninft knock
him on the head. Riifi'el a.tlwered, As to that, they
might do as they pUadd, what he fpokc now was for
the good of the whole comjiany, and agreeable to the
articles, and that he would l.iin fee or hear the men
who dared contradidl them. He I'.iid, he was (|uarrcr-
maftcr of the whole compnnv, and hftlic authoiity
of his place he would enter the mate diredUy, :iMih
had a piftol ready for any who (hould oppofe him. Lie
faid,- that with regard to whiit was law and riilloni
among them, as he owned what he now pleiuUil wns,
he would neither oppofe nor argue againll ; but it ilu y
thought fit to take the man's mate from Inni, tlieit
they might let one of his men go vvilh him. Riiliil
^ anf.uredy

1722-1

TO THE CAPE VERDE ISLANDS.

i<)i

infwered, No ; for that all the /loop's men were al-
ready inrolled in their hook, and thcrL-foro none of
them Ihould goin her acaiji, ^^ Gcntlcmcnt continued
he, you mud cunfldcr, 1 am now arguing for the good
of the company, as well as for the due maintenance
and cxcrutiun uf the laws and artich's : and as I am
the proper ofliccr, lubllituted and jiitrultcd by this
comp:inywith authority to execute the fame ; lb, as I
told you before, 1 haveapi(U)l and a brae: of balls
ready for any who ftinuld oppofe mc therein j" and,
turning to Roberts, he fiid. Matter, the company
have decreed you yourfloop, and you Ihall have her;
you ihall have your two boys, and that's all ; you
ih.ill have neither provifions nor any thing elfc more
than (he is now. And I hear fome of the company
defif;n to make a gathering for you ; but that alfo I
forbid, by the authority of my place, becaufe we are
not certain but we may have occafion ourfclves for
thofe very things before we get more; for that reafon
I prohibit a gathering ; and I fwe.tr, by all that is
great and good, that If I know any thing whatever
carried or left on board the<hip, againll my order, or
without my knowledge, that very inftant will 1 fet
her on fire, and you in her. " They difputed this mat-
ter a little longer ; but in the end Kullel, by dint of
hardened villainy, and ttern refolution, carried his
point, and about duflc they parted, each to his own
Ihip, fuvcral profcfTtng a kindnefs for Roberts, but
none giving him a farthing, as he fuppofcd, on account
of Rullel's words ; for otherwifc this generolity was
very ufual with them. Ruflel being ready, Roberts
was diredled to go in his boat, and as foon as they
came on board, he ordered a fupper. In the mean
time, the bowl and bottle, with pipes and tobacco,
being fet on the tal^e, he invited Roberts, and all his
own officers, into the cabin : he there told him, he
was very welcome, and b.-ide him eat and drink hear-
tily ; " For, fays he, you have as tedious a voyage to
go through, as was Elijah's journey to Mount Horeb ;
and, as far as I know, without a miracle, it mutt be
only by the flrength of what you eat now ; for you
(ball have neither eatables or drinkables with you in
the Hoop." Befides all this, Ruflel made game of him,
faying. He might do without provifions or fails, as
doubtlcfs fome miracle would be wrought in his favour.
The gunner, however, feenied to have fome remains
of humanity \ and among other things, bade Ruflel
take care he had not this to anfwcr for one day when,
perhaps, hcmight wifhhe had neverdoncit. " But you
have got the company'! aflcnt (continued he) I can-
not tell how, and therefore ihall fay no more, only
that I, and I believe mott of the company, came
here to get money, but not to kill, except in fight,
much leis in cold blooil, or for private revenge. And,
I tell you, Ruflel, if ever fuch cafes as thefe are any
more pra^ifed, my endeavours (hall be to leave this
company as foon as 1 polfibly can."

Ruflel made no pu'ver, but gave orders to have
the mate and main- fa;) wrought away from the floop,
and then told Roberts he would give him fomething to
remember him, which w-is an old mufquet, and a
cartridge of powder, and two half-pound papers of
tobacco J aftrr which, with great ceremony, he was
condu£led over the fide into his own boat, (which
was readv) and direilly put off; and meeting the
fchooner's boat, about half way between the two
vefll-ls, according to Ruflel's orders, they took their
own hands out, and put his boys, whom they brought
with them, on board him, and fo made for the fchoon-
er. He fliipped this mate at Barbadocs, who told him
then, he had been mate of a New England floop, but
being (hipwrecked, loft every thing, and indeed was
alinoll naked when Roberts firfl met with him ; how-
ever, he believed the man was not in debt, becaufe
he himfcif was never troubled on that account, as
the cuftom is on that ifland, where they oblige the
dtbtor to aflign over his wages to the malter, with a
power to pay the debt, otherwile they will not fufFer
him to go oiF the ifland. Roberts bought his men
clothes and inihuments, with fuch ncccflkrics as wert

Vol. I. N" 34.

abfolutely requifitr for the voyage. He oblervcd no-
thing in him tending to the couimon vices of fca-furing
men, cfpccially thofe who have frequented thofe
parts^ as fwearing, drunkenntfs, debauchery, &C.
He pretended to be a rigid Diflcnter, and fecmcd
mightily averfe to the church of England, as by law
ettabliihed, about which, they had frequently fc-
veral arguments. He did not remember to have heard
him fvvear all the time he was with him ; and yet one
of his boys told him, that after this very mate had
acquainted the pirates with his refolution, (or rather
returned to be a pirate again) he became worfe thai*
the mod profligate of them, in the frequency and
horriblencfs of his oaths ; and that he was almoft
conftantly drunk while on board the floop, after the
pirates had taken him. " I wonder, faid the boy, than
Mr. Hunter, (that was the mate's name) (hould be
fo barbarous as to leave you in this extremity, as fome
of the pirates on board told me ; for he hsd acquainted
them how kind you had been to him, and they rcfufed
at firft to enter him ; and believe, they would not
have admitted him, if it had not been for Ruflel."

On the I3tli of October, at day-break, they went
to rummage tlie floop, firft fweeping all the bread-
lockers out, Roberts got near a hat full of duft and
crumbs of bifcuit : in another he found four or five
hands of tobacco, with as many ftiort broken pipes.
They had befides left his fore-ftaft', but with the
thirty crofs only : likewife his bedding, which was
quite ufelefs to them : .11 but the captain, mafter,
fteward, and gunner, lying on the deck, or where
they could. In the hold, there was about ten gal-
lons of rum left in one hoglhead, and thirty pounds
of rice in another, with a finall remnant of flour in
the bottom of the flour caflc, but all the water they
could drain from the caflc did not make above three
pints. In the next place, looking at his fails, he
found the fame jib that was bent, an old fore-fail, and
the old rent rotten main fail above mentioned }
which, however, lighting in their fearch upon fix
needles, with fome twine, and a couple of pawms,
they went to work upon j but for want of ftufF, cut
off' the firft reef to mend the reft, as far it would go,-
taking down the foot, and fewing the bolt-ropet
By good luck, they alfo found fome old canvas in the
mate's cabin. Thus employed, they lived for three
days on raw flour or rice, with a dram of rum, and
faved their little ftock of water to make cakes with,
of which they baked four little ones, and the fourth
day divided one among them, which, with a dram of
rum, was the beft meal Roberts had made fince he left
the pirates.

On the 3d of November, he took two obfervations,
and found himfelf in feventeen degrees north latitude ;
therefore fteering as well as he could for the Cape de
Verde I), .nds, he found himfelf on the 7th of Novem-
ber, by obfervation, in latitude fixteen degrees fifty
minutes north, about forty-fix leagues by compu-
tation, off St. Anthony : and the night following,
having a fmart fliower of rain, they faved about a
gallon of water. But on the loth, there fprung up
a moderate gale, which holding till the i6th, about
ten that morning, they faw St. Anthony, which
bore eaft half a point northerly, about nineteen
leagues diftant, by judgment. It falling calm, in
the afternoon they caught a large ftiark, but were
forced to let it go again for want of proper care.
However, another was taken foon after, which was
very ftrong, and with its tail fhook the decks amaz-
inely: that, however, was cut ofl^, and it was
kiMed. It was about eleven feet and an half long,
and three hundred weighi . in cutting her open,
Roberts found five young ones in the belly all alive,
each about the bignefi of a fmall whiting. Her liver
was not ofablackifli colour, as ufual, but of a
bright grey. Prefently ftriking a light with Ruflel's
gun, they fet on the pot with lea-water, and boiling
thitfifli, made a very hearty meal of it: but having
no fait, they cut the reft into long thin flices, and
dried them in the fun. This gun, was thought at fittt)
5 K »n

393

VOYAGES OF TIIL ENGLISH

f'*"2'

an ufclcfs prcltJit, ami only acrrjitnl it liecaufe he
durft not do otherwifei and having neither tinder-
box nur (leal left him, it would Invc been impoifibic
for him to hive ^ot a tire without it. And having
no candle, he made ufe of a live coal to dil'ccrn the
compafs.

On the 17th, St. Anthony bore foiith-by-weft,
kbout eight leagues dilbnt, I'hii morning they
boiled fome of the fifli for brcakfall, which made them
very thirfty ; but then they had a good ftocic of water,
and ventured to drink a little ) and for dinner,
Roberts kt on the pot w.ith fome frcOi water, and a
little rice, which being boiled foft, he iliickencd
with flower, and then put in a piece of fhark's liver
(hrcd fnull, which foon dill'olvcd almoll all to oil.
This ferved them infteail of butter to their h.-rily
pudding. They made a very hearty meal, and it
relifhed much better for being in tight of land.

On the i()th of November in the morning, they
few St. Anthony, St. Vincent, St. Lucia, Terra
Dranca, and the Monte (luardc, the highell moun-
rain of St. Nicholas. And on the 7cth, tlicy came
to an anchor at Currifal in fixteen faihoms, about a
quarter of a mile off Iborc. After he had flowed
hts fails, he went in the boat to get in the end of his
cable, which the pirates had (lippeil, having difcerired
it and tlie buoy on the anchor beiorc lie anchored.
VoT this purpofe he took a coil or two of fmall rope
in the boat to fatten one end to the cable, and bring-
hig the other end on board, to haul the ciblc with it,
and fo ride moored till he moved from thence: but
night coming on, he was forced to come on boird
without liniihing his dclign. Then Potter begging
to fciril the boat on fhore to fetch fome water, he gave
him leave ; and pielently alter, being quite faint for
want of reft, he went down, fiill ordering the boy to
keep watch for Potter's return, and fell faft aflecp.
He awaked in a furprife, and called to the little boy,
who not anfwering, he went up, and found him faft
afleep in the gang- way, and looking about, coaldbut
juft fee the ifland. It was now about midnight, and
he was not a little furprifed to fee himfelf again cx-
pofcd to the fea, and in a worfc condition than before,
being himfelf faint through wearinefs, and having
loft his only afliftant. However, with a great
deal of fatigue, he got into a famly bay, called
Puttacco by the natives, where he anchored on the
22d of November. About fun-fet, feven blacks
came from Paraghiii, and brought two ten gallon
cafks of water; faying ihey were fca-men, and fcnt
by the prieft and governor to help him j afluring him,
that he might jjct up to Paragliifi as foon as the
windvyaid current was made, which would be in
about an hour's time; and when he talked of ftaying
lor his boy at Currilal with his bo&t, they told him
that could not be this fortnight at leaft, the wind
being fet in ftrong trade. The blacks prevailing
over his judgment, they heaved anchor about eight
o'clock, in a moderate gale; but the wi..d increafmg,
they ftood along (hoie, and c;i', till they reckoned
ihey were a-brealt of a place called Porto Gavy, and
then putting the vetlel in ftays, the mair (ail fpilt lb
in the ftaying, that he was' forced to lower it down,
for fear it ftould be torn all in pieces, which lb
daunted them, that they were refolved to quit the
flodp, and take to their boat, telling him, he had
better go with them. Roberts ufcd all the arguments
he could think of to divert them from this rclblution :
reprfffcnting on one hand, what inhumanity it would
bi to leave him without any help at all j and on the
other ftde, fetting before them the danpcr of fuch an
tnterprife to thcmfclves; but it was in vain j they
faid. Their chance could be no better if they ftaid
in a Itaky fioop without fails, water, provifions, &c.
and often repeated, it would be better to perifti in
figlit of their homes, than in a ftrantjc place. Befides,
f.ud one of them, if yon ftiould ge't to any land, you
woiiUl want lor nothing, hut we muft cxpcit to be
killed; or, at leaft be made flaves during our lives,
which would be worfc th«o death itfelf^ and therefore

(continued he) I am refolved, come what will, to
truft myfelf to the boat and St. Anthony, and
doubt nut but he wiil uretail with God to cany me
lafe."

Captain Roberts was at a lofs what coiiife to take,
on thi'fe blacks leaving him, gucOing he ftionld not
be able to fetch the lllc of St. Mary, or St. J.igo,
and was then entirely unacquainte«l with St. Philip's
and St. John's; and befide.«, had no encouragement
"o fleer for either ; the fea draughts giving a very
impcrte^ delciiption of them, and the pilots of thole
paits being as much or more defeVftivr, making thtm
both to be very dangerous ; but he found aftcrw.trds
moft of their acconnts to be falfe.

The next morning, he law eaft-nortli-eaft from him.
Terra Vcrmilia, orl'untadeVcr Milharee, as it is
called by the inhabitants. And next day in the
afternoon, tu his great furprife, he heard the \'oice
of men in the hold, and looking doM n the hutch-way
law three blacks, who called to him, and alked. If
he was at anchor ) he told them, he was at feu, and
out cf Aght of land : but was in hopes he Ihould
fetch St. Jago. At this they feemed rejoiced,
and got upon deck, and one of them faid. He was
very well acquainted at St. Jago, St. Philip's, and
St. John's, of which he gave proofs, and faid, he
could direct them to any harbour in cither of them :
that St. Philip's was a plentiful illand, but had bad
riding, the fea ran fo high; but that at St. Joiin's
there was a very good harbour, which he was fure he
could direct him I'afely to. I'hey all faid they were
forry their comr.idcs went away and left him, after
they h.id drank off his rum ; though the chief caufc
of their ftaying, was, their having drank in the hold*
till they fell down quite drunk.

After he had got his main-lail up,hefteercd direAly
for the north point of St. Philip's ; and at day break
doubling the point, he bore more foutherly along the
coaft, till he came abrcft the Ghors : then feeing the
ifland of St. John's, he fteered direAly for it, and a*
foon as he made the little illands, he fteered (by the
direAiun of his pilot) to the callcrmoft of them, which
is the hjgheft. When they had got abreft of this,
they fteered for the notth-eaft point of the eaftertnoft
of the little iflands, about fouth-weft-by-fouth, dif-
tant near two leagues. Then Roberts began to atk
his pilot, whereabouts the harbour was f and found
to his great furprife, by (hewing every new place they
came up with, for it, that he knew nothing of it.
However, he now faying he was fure they were no«
paft it, they kept along the illand, and at laft dif'
covered the harbour, but not till they were got to
leeward of it. Upon this, Roberts atked Niculau,
If there was no place to leeward that he might anchor
at f I'he negro faid. No, and that if he did not
put the floop on ihore before he drove to leeward of
Punta de Sal, he would not be able to do it at all,
and they muft all certainly peritli, Roberts alked
him what he would udvife him to do > He faid, He
would have him run the floop upon the rocks, and
let every one make his efcape as he could. Roberts
told him that neither lienor his boy could fwim. His
anfwer was, That fince they were got fo near the
fliore, if he did not put th< floop on ftorc, they could
and would, whether he gave them leave or not. -Or*
this, Roberts faying, he had a gun ready leaded
for any who fliould offer to do any thing on board
his veflel againft his will, Ni<—lauKnmediatelyji..i; >-
ed overboard, faying, H^ .viincd him well, and the
reft with him ; but that he vvculd endeavour not to
perifh himfelf, and fo fwam on ihore. The captain,
afterwards telling them of this man's ignorance,
they began to cnr& him heartily, and to wim that he
might DC drowned before he got on (hore, or break
his neck down the rocks in climbing up. Roberts
told them he was in hopes yet of getting them fafe to
land, provided they would pump the water out of the
floop : but they told him, rhey would neither pump,
nnr do any thing elfe, till they faw themfclvesfafc at
anchor, and then they would do any thing he defired ;

making

t7»»-]

TO THE CAPE VERDE ISLANDS.

.199

making bitter imprecitioni never to ttave him a»
NicoUu had done.

Robing ran down along (hore, and hauled in tlolb
toPuntadc Sal, fo near, tint about the |)oint a man
might almoll have jumped on (hore. His rcafon for
venturing fo near thole rocks, without beinj; ac-
quainted with them, was, that this point bein;<; the
mott leew.ird land oi' the ifland he could fee, he did not
know but the land might reach away on the other
fide of it} fo that he fliould not be able to haul in
with it : ulfo obfcrving it to be a fmonth fteep rock,
but poiTkblc however, to be climbed, and kmiwing
generally I'uch fort of rocks are ittcp to the water,
his intention was, if nothinp; clfc could be done, to
Ucer up to the reck, fo that the boy »nd he might
jump on <hore, fmce to drive to fea, if he could any
way avoid it, would be the helghth of raflincfs. }Jul
as foon at he opened the land on the other hde of the
point, he difcovered a fmall, deep, little bay, aiul
luffing in about it, call his lead, which he had ready,
and found thirteen fathoms, the next call twelve :
the northern current (which fet into the bay, and
round the point) being made, helped to check him
in, then he had ten, next nine, on which he cock-
billed his anchor, and let go in cij;ht fathoms water,
even and clear bottom, though the (hore looked
ragged; which generally denotes foul ground. And
now the blacks went overboard, and fwam on (hore.
Three of the inhabitants came down at day break
to the fca-fidc, and hailing the Hoop, went on board ;
thev were very civil to him, offered to get him water;
and drefs him a pompion, if he would go on (hore :
he told them he could not Uvim : they much won-
dered that a man (hould venture to fea, without
knowing how to fwim : he told them many of lii.s
countrymen could not, and that fwimming was not
common among the £ngli(h, as it was among them.
They faid. It was very (trange the Enelilh uling the
fea more than any nation, even more than the Por-
tuguefe, who had taught all the world to be failors,
as they were informed, (hould not praflifc fwimming :
that for their parts, they accuftomed themfelves to
it from their infancy, even the women, faying they
fliould not venture down upon the rocks to (i(h, unleis
they could fwim, for fear they (hould at any time fall
into the fea, in which cafe they muft needs be
drowned.

1''he negros having brought him two calabalhes of
water, holding about fix quarts. Roberts offered to
drefs fome of his dried (hark for them : but on fight of
it, they faid they took it to be the (i(h called Sarde ;
Sind alked, if it would feize and devour a human
creature. Roberts telling them it would, they,
without any ceremony threw it overbotd, and faid,
they thought no man of any nation would eat a (i(h
that fed upon human dtfh ; but efpecially the Engli(h,
whom they took to be the niceft and cleanlieft people
in the world. However, they pumped the vcffel dry
for him, and he gave them each a fmall dram of rum ;
telling them, he had only a little left by the pirates at
the bottom of a ca(k.

They thanked him and faid, they would rather he
would keep it for himfelf, fince, as he was ufed to it,
he might want it the more ; but as for their parts,
they had never tailed any fpirituous liquors before,
although it was the bed liquor they had ever met with ;
yet water being their only drink, was more natural to
them } but there were fomc among thcmf they faid,
knew it well enough. They had heard it related,
tliat a pirate, called Maringwini a Frenchman,
having landed in this ifland, had a quantity of that
firong water, and was very free of it among the
blacks: who drinking plentifully, for want of being
ufed to it, went mad for that time. Some alfo falling
fick, died of phrenty fevers. Notwithftanding this,
many now upon the illand were almoft every day
wilhing, that a pirate would come and take them
with him to fome country where they might have
enough of that hot liquor to drink.
They much admiird the hour-glafs, and ferc*fiaffi

and when he told them thtir life, ilicy faid they be-
lieved all v/hitc nun wtie coiijuius. But hi. luld
them thccontraryi and that loitcnrs were burned liy

the Chrillians, which they faid wa> .i yood l.iw. ■•

They told him th.it a great many of tliem rould lead,
write, and c.ilt accuunts, tliougli they owned they
had not the u(e of figures like the Eiit^lilh, who, a*
tliey had been iiiloinied, exceeded all people in the
woild lor navigation, phylic, conjuiatioii, and arith*
nietic. Next nioriiiii^, about iuii-rife, there was a
great iioife and dlliiii;, from tlic tops of the lower
rocks, as if there liaiT been an hiiiidrtd people. The
bl.ickb laid they believed thefe were the lore-iuiwicis
of the company, which the governor had lent ; but
ubllived that the nuife was niultlplii'd by tlic riliiund-
ing of the rocks, which dietivtd the author, for
they knew there was no inon than twi> of them. In
the aftcriieun, it began to blow, and looked daik,
cloudy andhe.ivy to windward, over the land, which
is a cejtain ligii of a gale of wind. He "ot fume of
the blacks to fwim wiih the end of a linall rcpe on
lliuic, and by that to haul a cable's end, and n^ake it
falf to the rocks, which they did, but (b flii,l>tly that
it Hipped, and he could not prevail with them lo try
once more ; fayinu, if the vcflll Ihould drive, (wliicii
he was afraid of) tliey would get him and his boy
fate on Ihore, and, puinting to the crofs jack yard,
which lay upon the deck, tncy faid, with that, they
could carry him an hundred times farther than from
thence to tlie (hore to fcteli Nicola V'trde, and with
no more help. 'I'he i;ale contiiiued thi next day, and
about ci^ht o'clock it began to blow very hard, the
flaws coining down the rocks with an incredible fury,
blowing Ibmctimes directly off the high, rocky (hore,
and foinetimes in counter-fla.vs to that on the land,
which railed the water beyond what he ever faw a
whale or grampus do. He could not tell what courfe
to take ; but with a great deal of dilHculty, perfu.aded
the natives not to leave him, and fo got that night
over. In the morning it looked as it did the day bc>
fore, and rather more hery and red, and about nina
or ten o'clock, it began to blow much harder. They
were all wet with the fpray that was thrown up into the
air, like a water-fpout, fo that fomctimcs they could
not fee the hind, though it was fo near, and fo high.
Un the 29th of November, about twelve or one, tlie
cable parted with a counter-flaw on the land, and
drove them on a point of broken rocks which lay in
the bay, and foon made a free pafl'age through her
bottom for the water. On this, the natives went on
(liorc in a fright, but foon returned j and one of them
carrying the little boy, the rell offered to help him on
(hore alfo, and faid, they did not doubt, in the Icall,
to convey iim fate, with the aid of St. Anthony,
who, they were lure, would aflift them, bccaufe they
had faid their prayers before they came off. The na-
tives, from the topi of the rocks, feeing the (hip run
foul of them, and the people in her take to the water,
haffened down to fee what was become of them. I'hefe
were foon followed by others, who brought fume pom-
pions and milk in a calabalh ; and the dorm being a
little abated, they fwam off on light pieces of boards
of the wreck, and finding a place about 16 feet above
the flowing of the fea, and about eight feet broad,
with the rock over-hanging, they made a Are, and
boiled fome provifions. Thus they paffed the nighty
it proving moderate weather, befides being clear and
(lar-light. Thefe people fpcnt the next day in faving
all they could of the wreck, and were very dextrous ac
the work ; but were particularly careful of all the
bits of planks where they found any paint, e(lceming
that the richeft Ouff of all. They laid, if themaft,
boom, boltfprit, &c. could be any way faflened, and
fecured till a calm day came, they could tow them up
to the harbour, called The Ovens, and they might
be ferviceable to him one day or other. He told
them they would, and if any (hip happened to put in
there that would want them, he could fell them for
fomethiog which would be for their beneht, to help
to pay won for this their kii\flae(ii to bim, Ther

4to

VOYAGES OF tHE ENGLlSfl

unit

fiiJ (lioy were tUiI they luJ ln-ni of any fcrvice to
him, and thouj^ht it their duty to fcrve lirangcri in
tlinrcl's, notwilhlKinding thry were of ditFcreiit co-
lours, .-iiid by otliciit, they believed, accounted dif-
ferent creatures ; yet they thought we were all of one
fpecict, and they were all men as wc were, though
they allowed thcmfelvc^ much inferior to whites inevery
Ihiiii'. Ri'bcrts told them, as to that, he did not fee
any (]irterrnce, only in the colour, and he could not
tell vvhrlhrr that might not be owing to theexceflivc
heat of the fun there ; faying, if a white man and
woman were to come and live with them, and go
naked, n^d expol'ed to the fcorchiiig fun as they were,
perhaps their poUerity, in three or four generations,
ipight be chan;j;ed to their complexion. They faid,
No i for they h.ij heard, that notwithftanding their
(kin mijiht lofeits wliitcnefs, yet their hair would al-
ways hold its nature, and not be frii/.led, like theirs,
ana they laid, moreover, there was a curie laid on
them, that they flinuld always be fubjcdls and fcr-
v.inis to the whites; a do<5lrine which the Hortu-
guel'e had probably taken pains to inculcate.

They cvinii:iucd, one or other of them, fwimming
about the \\ reek all d.iy, and continually kept bring-
ing otF loinethiiig ; and .miong the relt two iron pots,
at which tliev li-emcd mueh rejoiced. Swimming was
their malkr-piecc j lliey made no difficulty of pafs-
ing fioiii pl.ic; to place this way, even as far as to the
fmall ilhnds .ind b-itk .igain, and faid, a man might
remain Itveral d.iys in the water, if he were not fcized
with the cramp. They fetched up many things from
tile bottom, by diving, at which they were very expert i
and the fca bcmg always fmooth there in fine weather,
(as this little bay of Punu du Sal lies on the Ire Tide
of the illand) they can fee all round very plain, in
four, five or fix fathoms, and in a rocky bottom, even
to ten fathoms ; Handing up to the middle in water.
It is a common practice with thefe blacks, when they
have done fifhing, to ftand on the rocks and throw
(tones into the water, and for others to dive and bring
n Ti up J and they account it nothing to dive five or
I . fathoms, and creep along the bottom for a minute,
or more. — About noon they fct on the pot with a
pompion, and drelTed fome fift which the blacks had
caught ; foon after which, a mcflenger came from
Sigiior Lionel Goiifalvo, the governor, with his com-
phments and cxcule for not coming himfelf, on ac-
count of a cold. He brought fome pompions, and
three or four potatoes, and promifes of fome wild
goator vcnilon, next day. A little while after came
a black from the prieft, with the fame compliments,
but brouiiht nothing with him to eat; and faid, his
mailer dciircd, it Roberts had favcd any flour, to fend
him fome, and if Ire had any ftrong liquor alfo, his
maflcr would be no Icfs glad of it, though ha had not
told him to afk for any. And Roberts (hewing him all
he had left from the wreck, which were chiefly fome
pieces ( f bo.-ird, and two iron pots ; he faid, his
mafter was more able to do him more (ervice than even
the I bvcrnor himfelf ; and believed, if one of thole
pots were prcfcnted him, it would be very acceptable.
Some time after came down one Domingo Gomez,
fon of Antonio (iiimcz, formerly governor of the
ifland. He brou^nt fome pompions, oananas, a pa-
pah, and a cake of bread, made of bananas and maife.
He faid his mother fent the cake, and-would fend fome
milk. Roberts talking; of a return for thefc fa-
vours, they replied, they did not defire any thing,
but that he would continue his tRtem for them, and
let his countrymen know how kindly he had been ufed
among them ; adding, that no other return would be
required by any of the iflanders unlcfs the prieft, who,
they heard, was always very craving ; and, therefore,
they gave him this caution, for feat he might beg any
thing of h'ln, according to cuftom. 1 he captain
laid, when he returned home, and gave his country-
men an account of their civility, he did not doubt
but foiTic of them would come and vifit them. Go-
(iie7. anfwered, it might be fo, if this ifland produced
any thing fit tor traffic ; but that his fatlter, and other

old men, remembered feveral ftrangen coming thi-
ther, mo(t of them of the fame nation called Piratcr,
(for they thought there was a particular people of that
name) who had robbed the author i adding. That
though they had ufed him fo hardly, they wtre very
civil to ihrm, and would often tell them their ifland
was very poor, that ihejr lived verv miferable in com-
parifun of what the white men did in their own coun-
try i and that having no produce good for any thing,
was the reafon fo few (hips came to vifit them. Ro-
berts oblcrving one liftcning to his dil'courfe with more
than ordinary attention, and lookiiig at him, he ob-
fer,red he was not like the Guinea negros. 'i'his man,
to his furpril'e .is well as joy, anfwcrud in the Englilh
langu.ige, that the ifland might yield many valuable
conimtidities, though unknown, at haft as to their
ufes i as the gold, teeth, amberereafe, wax, and
various kinds of dying woods in Guinea, were for-
merly } and that, at this prefent, the northermolt
part of that country, to his knowledge, produced fe-
veral rich commodities, not yet known to the Kng-
li(h tobe there. Upon inquiry, he told Roberts his
name was Charles }raiikliii, and that he was born :'.i
Cacrlcon upon U(k, in Wales, that his latin r was n
juftice of peace, and he himlelt had been mailer of fe-
veral (hips out of Brillol; addini^that ina\ova<;et(>ihe
Weft Indies, he had been taken by his name-lake Har-
tholomew Roberts the pirate, and being brought
upon the coaft of Guinea, made his efcape at
Sierra Leona, and got to a black prince up the river,
called King Thome, who protctied him from Ro-
berts's perfccution ; to whom he fent word, that he had
a thouland ftout men, or four timet that number,
who, tho'blacks, knew how to ufe arms as well as his,
and were ready to give him a proper reception, if he of-
fered any incivilities in bis country. That the
pirate upon this melTage, thought fit to make off a«
loon as he had refreucd, and purfue his intended
voyage on the coaft of Guinea, as far as St. I'homaS)
or Prince's Ifland, After Roberts's departure. Cap-
tain Plunket, governor of the Englilh fa£iory at Si-
erra Leona, hearing of Franklin, and taking him to
be one of the pirates company, fent to acquaint the
king with it, and alio, demanded him to be given
up accordingly to the Englifh juftice, and the ring-
li(h right. 1 he king made known to him this mef-
fage, and the difficulties it threw him into, as hewat
loth to difoblige the governor, and the Englifh na-
tion. But the WeWhman laid before the king the
dangers lie might be in with the governor and the
company, for want of proper vouchers of his inno-
cence, (which he fulcmnly avowed) if they (houlJ
be fevere, and likewife exprefled a defire to ftay under
his prote^ion till fome (hip came thither, whofe cap-
tain knew him.

On this, the king fwore by his chief god, he
(hould not be delivered to any body, and accordingly
rejeAedallfolicitation, butdefiredhim to confult his
own fafety in fuch a manner, that no offence might be
given to th*" Knglifh. Then he begged to be fent
farther into fhi country ; being the more induced to
this, by the I cports he had from the natives, that the
ports within land abounded with gold, which metal he
had fome knowledge of, having lerved an apprentice^
(hip in Briftol, to the goldfmith's trade. He ilia
obli.Tved to the author, that though he was furc no-
body would, in the long-run, do him any harm,
yet a great deal of trouble might be given on account
of a name-fake of the latter, who was a noted pirate,and
had been advertifed in the London Gazette. His chief
motive forclefiring to be fent up the country was, a
notion he had, that there was gold within land at
Guinea, and that moft of the mountains abounded
with it t more efpecially between the latitudes of 12
or 13 degrees, both north and fouth i and, perhaps,
alfo a* (ar foutherly at the land reached. His curi-
ofity, he faid, was ftrenethened by the opportunity
he now had of giving tiicm nu room to fufpcA him
for a fpy j for the inhabitants of thefe inland parts
were vera jealous, being pttpoKvfkd by the borderers on

im-]

TO THE CAPF, V K R D F: ISLANDS.

40i

lilt ("i.,i-ciuft, with n fiar of being carricil off liy tli''
whiles, .\s will as of their gri.it power .iiul luhtikty.
Thcfc MDtioiK, lie bi'licvid, were infilled by the bur-
tlcrers, til in^rols the whnle trade into their own
liaiuli i it henn alln ulii.il with tlicm to tell llr.iii^.Ts,
th.it there is lui i;i)M I'l the inland countries, and
that it is alio eiMUaiilcd ill the fiinJs and fliurv nf the
rivers nil ilie Cdalf.

Thil. iii.uidiTs (he fays) have alfo .1 notion, that
til'- white |i, ciplehavea new wciM, where they intend
to n lide , which is inconceivably better than the old,
but that ihiy want fo much done to it, that it will be
many a;>,es b lore it can be made fit for their reception ;
that tluy lend all their ninll valuable things from the ir
old world thither, the labour of which is carried on
liy the negros they yearly take out of Ciuinraj
that all thofe blai ks mu(f work very hard, with-
out an)' inlcrmillinn or ledeniption, until the new
world is completely fitted up in a very beautiful man-
ner, aad the white people are all fettled there. Hut
when that is done, having no farther fervice for the
blacks they will feiul them home to inhabit this
World, without ever molefting them again.

Franklin came acquainted with thtfe inlanders by
his long rcfidcncc among them ; for he had prevailed
with King Thoma to fend him to King Bombolu,
whither he went, attended by four of that prince's
guards, and his ftaff of llate, which ferve as a cre-
dential. He informed Roberts, that he was fcvcn
days in hisjourncy to King Bombtdii's town, which
was about ninety or one hundred miles oft'j that he
travelled on foot, and (topped by the way at feveral of
their towns, where they were ufed very courteoufly
that for the firft four days he obfcrvcd nothing of
any confequencc j but after that, perceived gold among
the inhabitants in very great .abundance, yet durft not
make any inquiry about it, findinc; himfelf ftriflly
watched by his attendants, who, as he underfiood after-
wards, had orders to give him no opportunity to make
any remarks upon the country, and to carry him a
dcfart way as much as they could, and fee he did not
write at any time. For though KinK Thoma had, for
this rcafon taken away all his paper before he fct out,
under pretence of keeping it fafe till he came back,
yet they had an opinion, that all the whites had a
genius who would bring them at their call, anv
thing they wanted. Therefore, if they faw him have
any paper, or offer to write, their orders were inffantly
to deliver him up to a certain king, who was, it
feems, an enemy to them as well as to all the whites,
on whom alone the geniufes of white people had no
power. "At length, continued he, we arrived at King
Bombolu's court, where, after ffiewing the ftaff of
credit, and delivering my pretended errand, which
was to open a tr.ide with them, I was received with
abundance of refpce'land honour by the king and his
nobles, who (hewed mc every thing they thought
might contribute to my diverfion ; and there was
gazing enough upon me, I being the (irft European
that W.1S ever remembered to have been feen in that
town."

The author obfcrving the two blacks, who were
with them, very attentive to their difcourfe, ailccd
one of them, it he underftood En^lifti ? Ho (aid
No ; he heartily willicd he did; but was glad, how-
ever, thev could underrtand one another. Frank-
lin telling him that Roberts was his countryman, the
negro was fiirprifed, knowing Franklin to be a CJua-
lego, or W'clcliman. Roberts having a great ilcfirc to
go up the town, not bcin;; fatisfied with Franklin's
objections of the impracticability of it, on the ac-
count of the (lce|)iufs anil height, as well as (liarp
points of the rocks, alked the negros their opinions,
who conlirnied wiiat Franklin had fiiid ; and luUl him
what he faw, was not the hundredth part of the whole
height, giving a very imperfeiil and extraordinary ac-
count of the idaiiii. Notwithltaniling this, when
Franklin propofed to explain it, they prefenlly took
(huff, and one of them, raifing his voice, and knit-
tina his brows, faid he wondered Franklin (hould

Vol. I. No. ^^.

pretend to •;ivc a b; :ter account than they, who tra-
velled p..ih:. whiih h'- di.ilt not aiti'iiijii. Krmiklitl
atked p.irdoii, ni.-K ii,; a gre.it iiuiny .ipol.i^'ies j anil
they feting R.1,11 its a Utile liiiprilid and cmcerncil
at their reftntir.ent, foftened their loin, and tidd
Franklin tliey were hiartily ulail lu could t.dic with,
and divert the captain j and tli.it hi' would havi them
carry on their coiutrlatii.ii in what 1 ii,:iiai;r be likcJ
bill i however, they faid, a-' the e.ipt.iin tniiKI fpeak
their laiigu:i;;e very well, they li.id rallicr he would
t.ilk in til. It, I hat tlityim;',;.! bei". I'tf by ihe.lifronrlc, ytc
were Hill more willingto loi ;;o ilv.ir own latisl.ctiou
lor the fake of his. 'Fill-. 1 leiitnieiit I'laortliii laid
Was owing to the jealouly they had, that h.' (tooil
better with Roberts than tluniLlves tliertlori- it was
thought fit to break ott" farih.r diUourie lor that
time.

The author now began towifti hlmfilf .a the town
cfpt'cially as both the governor and prieft had lent men
down to invite them to their houfes. CJn this occa-
lion he overheard one,wholpoke low, fay, " If 1 wcic
the captain, 1 (hould railier thiile lo loJi^'.e with
Signore Antonio dome/., than with any one on thi;
illand, he having alfo a good ftock of every iliiiii; toeat^
and more plentiful than the governor ;" " Aye, but
fays another, the prieft has meat and ti(h (ifieiui than
Antonio Gomez or any body elli.-." "It ii true, fays .»
third, hut if the captain lives with the priell, he wit
beg all his cloaths ; and you all know uliat a cove-
tuous man he is. VVc cannot make any of us a hand-
fome cap, or have any thing elfe that is either fine or
delightful, but prefenlly he is begging it from
us."

While the author continued in this difiiial habita-
tion, he was daily in danger of being killed by the
ftoncs that tumbled from the mountains e.irly and late
in the morning and evenings. Thi«, as the blacks
faid, was oceafioned by the wild goats going to their
eaves on the edge of the mountains, whole foot was
at the top of the rock, under which they were : " For
the land, fays the author, rifcs fomcthiiig like the
pyramids of Kgypt : the foot of one mountain being,
as it were, the top of another, till you arrive at the
middle of the ifland, which is the higlvjlt ; and tho'
it appears with a rounding head, oft" the top of the
fea, yet it is rather flat, but, however, lieelininf^
a little till you come to the edges, and from thence
going ftcep down, fomething like St. Paul's cupola."
He was therefore defirous of fcttingout for the town ;
and a day or two after, Domingo tying the boy be-
hind him with a fafti, carried him up, and as foon as
hereturncil, Roberts fet out himfelf; but after they
got to the firft refting-place, which was about the
height of St. Paul's Cupola, it wasfo fteep he could
proceed no farther; and one of them Icarching about
for the beft way, broke off a very large puce of a
rock, which was very near fwecping doi\n fume of
them in its way; and the noife and diift frightened
them alfo, that they were about defcending, wlieti
Domingo called them to ftop, and faid he v, ould not
truft the captain down in the <lav-time ; t-;-cautc ho
faid the rocks were then more crumbly ; lb they lodged
in a kind of gallery for that night, dielliiig fonie
fi(h and pompions for fuppcr ; and in the morning',
with great difficulty and hazard, got down to the olil
pUacc again: foon after, Doir.ingo, with fome of the
blacks, went to fetch the boat to carry the author to
town by water. It was almoft calm then, ai.J abo- f
noon it grew quite c.lm, contrary to what ii is on tho
weather fid^', as well to the foiuh-eaft and nonh-welt:
fides of the illand, where the nearer the fun I'pino.-ehc-. the
meridian, the frefhcr the gale blow.-, but on the foulh-
weft fide the contrary. i'hcevmnic be.it of the fun
rtfleifting from the rook';, together with baO die-t, fa-
tigue, 6;c. threw the author into a violent fever,
which bringing on a delirium, he lay here fix weeks
before he recovered ftreiigih enough to be carried to the
town. He was very carefully and atlbclior.ately at-
tended all the while by the blacks, and one of them
was unfortunately killed very near him by a piece of a
5 L rotkj

-m-'^-.

402

VOYAGES OF T II F. E N G I, I

fir>

rock, wliiili fjllinp; down, ii:irtuil him in piccf*. —
Tile liliick* ntiirninc with the ln>at, ami Uciiig ihis
nii>l(iitiiiu', halliiuil him au,iy to Funriio, wliiTt-
tiK' i;(ivniiiir> hiiilc cumin;; fur liim in thi- moiiiin^,
he lode up to hit hoiilc, or hut, and was kindly
rircividj but Kinj; cnyanid, by u prntnili' in
J)nniini;ii, l.iv m hi* Lithir AntDiiio'-. Tluv hid
pnnulid liiin a lud, which w.h ronu'thing tMi.inidi-
Mjrv, roiiliiU'rin ; (hf pioplu and cuuntiy. I In
liHii pclU Will dimn iMlo the (limr in .1 Ion;', liiu.iii ;
and lour pieces of wood tied, between, to tliiir, with
b.inaiiii touU, Inrmcd the head, t'eet, and liiif, three
(M four il;i ks Inini; laid aerofs at proper dillanees,
and liid at laili end lo the polh : over thile was laid
a hurdle, made of lari;e e.inc-reed, the I'.iiue lort
Ihit i» binii';lu from I'orliisal, (<c. and upon this,
.1 (ju.inlily ol banana leans, which were covered
wiih a banana mat ; upon which were Ipiead two
H hile eolton cloths lor (licets, and over all a blue
and white euttnn cloih by way '>f counterpane. Here
he lav two months before he was able to j;o al road ;
and as foon a^ he got llrein;ili, diveited himl'elf with
fi(hin;; , at which Iport they ufed to be out three or
four day< toj.ifther, the negros carrviiijj down wiod
for a fne to boil the lilh, and ro.dl their pompioiis ;
and lalt tluv !;"hered on the locks, being made bv
thv heat of ihel'un from the lea-water Iving in the
holes.

R(d)crts havinj; made all the iiujuiry he coiiM,
when any fliip had touched .nt the ifland, was in-
foriricd, that cnly two had put in there in fe\en jears:
one an l'.iii,li(liman, w ho bou.'lit (on-.e ln-i's ; the
other a I'" • uefe c.irryin.; flaves from St. Kiiliolas
to lirahl, and t died lor watir ; bur was driven Ironi
his anchor bv a florm. As he had a mind to 50 to
Sf. I'hilip's, when: he w.istold Hups ofirn came, lie
got toirellur ..II the remains of the wreck, and with
the htlp of th.' natives, he built a boat of twentv
live feet Ion;; in the keel, thirty feet between Hem
and llern-poil, breadth at the main beam ten ficf,
depth about four feet ten inches. He caulktd her
with cotton and mcdV, and paiil the fiams with
talhnv, mixed and Incorporaiid into a puttv, with
afles dun^ and afllcs. There was this peculiar in)od
quality in it, that being rubbed well in the (cam, it
harilriied it in a (hort time, fo that the fun did ii.it
melt it, n.ither would it wafli ott' again with the
water, nor would the lifh cat it otf'as they did the un-
mixid tallow, which befides was pretty fearce ; for
thev i;ot but live pounus of tallow out of forty goats,
and a toleiable fat cow. He now prepared to gc,
(and havin.; picked up an anchor, lift by the above
mentioned I'ortuguele fliip) thence palled to Kuarno.
From this place he went up to town to take his final
l.avc, as he thought, of the inhabitants : but to his
great furprif.-, Mr. Franklin, who had cunftantly
tilktd of going with him, now he was ready, refull'd
i"-, and ga\e jiim Inch reafons as he w a^ forced to
acquielve with. lie therefore let fail with lix blacks
and his littk' boy, about two hours Ufore day, taking
the tuft of the northern Iheam, and chofe tlie morn-
iin; tide, in order to get a croli the channel bilorc
tl.c dav gall', which (biTietimcs blows in violent flaws
d'jwn the ( jhors. They got into the road, and ran
down to I'onte dc Villa, which is a I'andy bay ; but
h : palled by it, bccaufe the wind was pretty far north-
erly, which is an open wind there. He ran dov^■n
aloii'jfhori-, and doubiingtlic point at Nuellra Signora,
h; anchor.-d in the hay in lix l.ulioms, this bcin:;all;i
a clean faiuiy bay, and the water, as the wind Aood,
fmouther tli.in at Kontedc Villa : but he Ifaid not there,
bi in^ advifed by I'ome negros, who came from Thome
S mtcc, to fail down a litilc lower to a final 1 bay,
called I,3';hat", where ho mi;;ht put the boat to 'the
bi ich, an.i w auc on fliore ; tiie lea being very fmooth,
and little or no furf running on the (hore, and they
went with liini to Ihcw him the bay.

This Thome Santee, was commandant of the
horf-, and was ordered by the governor to march
aloii^ tlie clirts as far as Nucllra Signora, to defend

the coad, in Calc Roberts (hoi.ld atl.npl to l.ii.d
beloie till y wiie luti'hid wh.-l In- was.

Dii this illand , who wcic btourht up at the Iriiuli
Tacloiy at .'suiegal, and had been live vcais ..t Naiit*
lo li.irn the trade ; .iiid hiuliiig his boat viiy haky,
Ik dttiriniind to ;'o hai k with thole to St. |(din'»
(where wood was plmiilul) to lit up Ins boat betttr,
taking Captain I lu.nie .iloiig with him, and li mc
otiiu pallingcrs, he wnuhed Iroin Laghale about art
liour 01 bitter before the noithein tide wis made : ai.J
having the ; Ivaiit.ii'.e of the fouthern hr<i/e, whi.li
l.iihd up to the point, with llu lielp ol both fails and
oais, they arrived time by the lime that the flood lit
up to tlie northward, and thui opening the point,
they met the trade wind, and making two or threo
boaids, got the length of lialleaviluH a good whilo
before the tide was duin : but lh.it beii.g well fpi nf,
and the wind far northerly, Icaiiug lie Ihould not
re.ich the Tuarno on a Ice-tide, he aiuhorcd there,
(i.iying to t.ike a whole flood to ciofs the channel:
.Tiul the tide ferving before i}.n', he weighed about
lour o'clock in the morning, aiiU got into ihe J iiaiiu)
of St. John's, a little aftir noon. I h.it d.iy ho

rtceived ten cotton cloths lor freight of his pilluigeis,
which ni.ide him agood forefail, and np.iiied his jib :
of the remainder, he made a pair of trow/irs for
lumlilf, .ind a jacket and tiow/ers for his little hoy.
He liaid here two montiis 'lelorc he liniflud his boat,
.liter ttlrch, he lailid the I e to St. Ja;'o, hut calltil
.1 St. I'hilip's by the v/.iy to put on fhore ihero
t' iptaiii Thome and the Th.lippiar.s. He flaid there
thric days to lay in provilioiis and watei, then
weighid, and in in abuu' ten d.iys time, beat up to
St. J.140 i but lays, had h.- not bicii acquainted
w lib tlu- let of the current, he could never have raifcj
t. He reached a bay called Kivero des Kharkes,
v/heri: he anchored ; but finding no (hips there, and
.ilfo a great fearcity of fait, he iletcrmined to go to
he idw" of Mayo for that commodity : he was alio
in ar half full of poinpion, niaife, &c. and was tidd
he ifie of Mayo was almoft faniilhed for want of
iilltrince. Having taken in water, he concluded
go ' ..ut the north-end of St. Jago, as he knew
t by experience, to be the bell way to s^ain the illc
of lilayo. After two days flay, he weighed, and
.inchored in the bay of Riveio de J'lata ; and with iha
next tide got to Porto 'Terralall ; and waiting
thirteen days there for favourable weather : he at lall
weighed and got in a windward tide to Porto
Facienda ; but afterwards could not weather the point
(d the illand, and was driven by the lee tide into an
unknown bay. Over-againft the bay were a great
many rocks, the largeft not a good Hone's cart in the
length, molt of them above water, extending about
halt a league oft' from the Ihore : but he got well in
with lomc difficulty, and found a fate and pleafant
cave running in behind the point, above a cable's
length wide, from which people could fee no fea, ami
were Iheltered from the winds. An elderly man came
duvvn to him attended by four flaves arir.ed with
l.inces. He very courtcoufly alked Roberts to cnmu
on Ihoie ; who told him he w tnild come prclentiv,
.ind in the mean time a water-melon was thrown intu
the water lor him.

Roberts did not care much for trufting liimfelf on
fhore with liiin at hill, lor that part of 'Jit. Jago
confills n-ollly ot banditti, who frequently fly ihilher,
and foniciiivies make ineiii lions upon the reli : but
feeing him .Tcccpt his prel'tnt kiiully, whieli, with
ihole peeple is ir.oftly ttlecnud as a token of frieiul-
Ihip, he ventured on fhoi'', wdicrc he w.is received
with great formality by the old genlU-man, who
.•.fKing whence he can.e, and whither bcuiul, 4;c.
told him that his name was /orje Vharela the Jhuifs ;
that he was the jufficc of thole paits, that all the
land as fir as could be fern was his iltate : and th;it
he had filv(?r mines in his ground, but knew not how
to extract the filver IVcm the o.ir, and did not chufe to
fend to the city for a liiielter, for fear the mine IhotiUI

be'

MMHSte

testa

>7»J'

T () T H K

c A r-

V ,?: R 1) IS L A N tJ S

be difcoverrd by iln' kin;; of Portugal, iinj

by his armv loi Inm : .nidiiig, lli.il ilij* inijilit \> i

ha|i<i, allii lie the immiii <it iiinkinu lliiiii lull- thiir

o( (late,

api, mill lie iiic iiiiMiii <jt MinKiii^
|irivili'yc!i hiir, whith h:\il luiii piilcrviil ivcr liim
ihf in.iiiil III Si. JaiMi was inh.ibilcd ; hut protiiiUil In
frild (or (iiiiic iilihi ore lor RDlirrt*. When it c aim,
it pr<ivrd to hi' luiihiiij; moii- than a lork «( a yi llowilh
' mhinr, c«ii|'il|inj> ol (lakes uhoiii the lhi< kn Is
lull III lliinlng fpangUH, which );lill>niil in
the lun-hiMnn like chryTtal glals. The native ih.inkid
bis )>ii(ll kindly lor the nulon, whieli was the mure
iicceptahle, he laid, on accoiinl "I ilie lecd?, whieh
roniing liiini abioad, the Cruit wnuld he always valued
<is a rarity ) and in return, he ^avc him at p.irting,
a (at goat and I'unre milk.

Next niDrnnig Roberts weighed, and grtlinR ahout
the Bigliude, which is the nortji-ealt point of the iHand
of St. J.igK : ahnut nonn, the wind niirth-ealt, he
faw the illc of Mayo ; ahuiit three in the afternoon,
Monte PinolU hearin;; fouth-call-hy-euH ; and an-
chored next niornin ■ at I'm to Kngltl'c, or Vingdofs,
as it is called hy the inhalntants : hut finding no
fllips here, and the I'urge ruiminn high on (hme,
he weighed, in order In heat u|. lo C.dyite or I'aaiVeo,
to wimlw.ird of Calyetc i hut finding that not con-
venient, being a great way from the Salt-pans, he run
down to the Calyetc, and anchoring there, difpoled
of his things, and had fait brought to him by the
natives, (or which he paid with fomc of his cargo
from St. John's and St. I'hiliji's. Hut the negros in
the hoar, taking it into their heads that this fait was
intended to be carried with thcnilelves, to Harbadots,
they all ran away from liim. However, he.h.id not
been long in this condition, befoie two blacks came
and oft'ered their feivicctogo with him. One was a
native of St. Nicholas j anil the other of St. Antonio.
This lad (aid, he would make a better hanil of his
fait, if he went to that ifland ; and thence to Du Sal,
taking u gang to St. Anthony to kill turtle there, in
order to (ell at St. Nicholas, which was (till very
t'carceof provifions : he relolvcd to take his advice,
the rather, becaufe if he could nut reach thel'e Klands,
he might go at lad to St. Jago,

Accordingly he failed that evening from Calyetc,
but the wind not favouring his delign of reaching
either St. Nicholas or Antonio, he bore down to St.
Jago, running for the north-eall point : where (ind-
ing a large bay, about two le.igues or fomething more
to the fouthward of the llikhuilc. Here he anchored
in a little fandy cove. Hut the St. Antonio black told
him, he did not like the place, for it was the wildeK
part of that quarter, where the banditti inhabited.
His words were confirmed by a volley of (lones, whieh
was foon followed by a fecond ihower, and lb continu-
ed, by a number of blacks from (horc : fo that they
had certainly been dcftroyed, had not Roberts
thought of mentioning Sign6rc Vharela the Jhuifs
to them, as his Intimate friend. Upon which, they
all ftartin^ up, a(ked, if that was the veficl that had
been at Signore Jhuifs Porto? and being allured it
was the fame, they were immediately pacilied, and
profelTed thcmfelves his friends. However, he did
not care to (lay, but very early next morning got
out J and, it being calm, rowed down directy for
Porto Formofa, where he (laid to take in wood and
water. He was met here on fliorc by Antonio
the principal gentleman thereabouts, who was
attended by eight (laves with lances, two having
each a piftol, wbich they were obliged to carry, being
(b near neighbours to the Indians, of 'I'errafal ;
and when Roberts told him how he had been ferved,
he faid, it was the grcatelt miracle in the world they
had not been all killed ; declaring, that, for his
part, he would not have been in their place, for the
ifland of St. Jago. This gentleman was awhile, of
the r.ice of Portugal, was extrciiKly civil, and icnt
half a dozen of his blacks to rut wood, and carry it
tobim, and next morning fent an al's loaded with
provifion and fruit, and at parting, prelt;nted him
with many other things.

K.irly 1 t-ncxi movn
'|.il(iii;4 111 Ms; lhnf«, V * ''tif wi'"'
uigih of St. j '.",'> «>»n '«(!• llie b-y
n liiw^r, criieiid f'l' ii.ith< i.r .■(

Ilerr he niiiond Vkith

iiivd on Ihnre to a n^

nil; twelve Ket at Iia'

thirr being no iiih,.l i

w.iy In St. J i;,i) Uiw i

l'ia)a Korninla ) ami

Diiniingii, priiereili il t

, b*-' went fiim liicncr, .»ml
'•■ doi»« (, '

ii'tirttd
..> Ntadi I.I
..nrlur ofi', . * n pe f.ill-
vthiih «as li» imiav, liav-

.• t r chill li- the rock : luit
IS ni.«r, aii£ but ii;dilleri.nc
III ii'.ilUd J, oil;; dM\sii to

toiiihiii'; tlu'ip, and at Sr.

I'nilii I. iba, tthire lie rieeivid
a letter Irnm llie genei.l i.f ,11 the Cape i!e Verdi-,
with a man and hoile in i iry him to t.nvii. Leav-
iii(' his biiat hen, h.' rude up to it, ■.\h' iit tAi:ily
inilesby lain!, jkn he wa- in hr>|'es h'' li d nittwiili
a (.hap for his boat, hut upon li^lu nl liei, the b.ir-
gaiii went nfl'.

riie I'likly time of year nov rp|ii)arliiiig, he was
refulvid to make for ionie of the windw.ud illaiub,
efpeeially St. Nu.hul;i-, where then; was a better
piolpeiit of melting with loine Kiirip.Mn lliip to carry
him otf, the feafon 111 the yiar alio eimeuiring ; for
they expeClid a louthrrly mini in a little ti'iie. Si>
he dilpoled of Ins fill as fad as he couUI, to |,>et uii
the call (iJt of the ill; lid, bi'aufe (roni theiiec he
could hope for a w.'lleilv wiiul, and th • ro.uls aie
alio the filed. H.iving got a putty good car.'o of
m.ii/e, tor his lalt, with foine eoio.iiuits, plant ines,
bananas, &c. lie laiLd Iroin Cilyetc St. Maityn,
and getting the length of I'oito I..1I10, intended to
toucli if pofKhle, at llona Villa, where he knew thirc
was a good market lor his provilions : but not heiii;',
able to get thither, by rcalbn of the noriliein (lieam,
he dooil for I'orto .\Iadera, where he waite.l eight
days : and then having a (outherly wind, he llreuhed
over for the ifle of iM.iyo, and .nhoiit dulk was abie.ill:
the Calyetc, about two leagues oiriiig. Jioiii heme,
he kept to the eallwaril, co.iding along the ifland hy
two dd'erent |iorts ; the iflanders making (iici
at each place as he pallid, in hopes he would
land thcie. But he held on his courle, till bethought
himfelf pad the (Ilialloon, whith is a ledge of hr.iken
rocks llriking a long way o(K (Vom the north fide of
the illand. Alter this, he fteeied as directly as he
could for Calyetc St, Jorje in Bona Vidaj but it
falling calm, and meeting with vaiial-le light airs,
he drove in the channel between the two iflands, near
three weeks, and being foreeil to hear away round the
(buth end of the ifland, he had an opportunity of
obfcrving the reef, which runs oft" from the land,
at lead, a league ami an half; lb (,ir oft", he
believes he faw the (ia break. It is a lei'ge of
lunken rocks and great Hones j and from a mile's
didance oft' to the fliore aic feveral breaks and
channels to go through, having water enough for
any fliip. There was a great rolling ("well, mid ilic
wind fredicned up, veering to the fouth-caft, whii h
made the fea break there. At lad he got into
Calyetc St. Joije ; however, there being no cor-
vcnicnt (]uay or nuk to l.md at, he gut up to the
Englilh road two days alter : w hue was a I'ortugiielc
launch left by the piiait^ and given by thtm to
Domingo Cionfalvo, wlio lent her to the author.
Having launehed her, he hioiight her on board, and
let all hands 10 get in fait, hut this being the lainjr
feafiiii, he was three weeks in getting a cargo : At
this time, th. re cnme a fail into this na I, a floop
belonging to I'rillol. The captain was very kind to
Roberts, and would have had him gone with
him, which he was very willing to do, till he cumc
to undcrllaiul tlie J; fign of the yoy.igc ; which he
adds, would no ways agree «ilh jullite, neither was
it lafe for the owni 1 5.

'I'he aiitlior living well on board this floop, fell
into a fever by chatn-e of dirt, notw ithlh nding all his
precaution. In his fickiufs he was cauliilly atttndid
by the captain, who alio at pariinr, gave him ft mo
mediciiKs out ol histhilf, and onlcrid fine brerd
to be put in the boat, and a ilo/cn of wine, half a
do^eii of brandy, a piece ol loaf (iigar, feme 1 utter,

oatmeai

..^'^

.*' •'

V O Y A (J E S OF T Fl F. 1", N C I, I ; Ff

ciliin'iil, (lour, »ti(l wlut ill'c hf coiilil tlicM lliink
woulil bi' iui\ir,iry for liiin, Mr hail rhc |ii(lio|i I't Si.
J.iHi'. .iiiil ihi' Mlit.iilot i'iin.r.il, v jch tliiir jIIuhI-
aiit!i, on bn;inl, who wuc gcjini; tluir vifiLition*
round thi id.inils j and aftir tli.it, Ihi' \ ililailor w.n In
villi ;ill iliciii.iH 11) (JiiiMc.i, iimln ihi' kinj; ol I'or-
tugal, I he lii(tii'|i, all llu linic,c)blin mil; the liiiiid
lhi|>aiul IricliMii ih.it |ia()'ul bi'tvvicn lliiiii, .ifVi-d tlu
capllin, «ticthcr Ruluil* u .is riKitid to him. tli
anfwcicd, \i^ i th.ii lie w.isa Chrilti.u), .i I'luii Omt,
a ni.iii, a coiintrytnan, and a hottir in.in ili.iii liimlcll,
thoiij;h he h.ul the mitlortune to fall info ihi haiiiK
u( pii.itc«, ami that his loiiiitrynu ii aKva\» iilidniie
aiioiliir 111.— After thii, he piilinily (it l.iil. The
evening', fiillowing, Roberts let fail (or St. Niilml.is,
iheihiif idamlforades i whith ii the tir(l commo-
dity i;encr.illy traded for in thofc i(1and«, and that
coniniuiily in November or Deccnihtr, thofe that come
it) J.Tiiuary, ufually lo.idinp f.ilt. litre he arrivtd,
and luiiitd intoa road callid I'oito (j'huy, thvre be-
nglcl* fea tumbling than at l'aiaj;hi(i, whither he
Went the next day, and quiekU diljiolul of IiIh (alt,
nicaliire for meadire, for niaile, or Fiuliaii eorii. It
bri;inniiij» to rain the day after his .iirival hire, Ro-
bei Is was afraid of a foulhcrly or uelkily wiiuleoin-
ing, whiih wore all that could hurt him: but
the blacks faid, he need not fear that, and (iKWinp
him u fu;;ar-loaf hill, called Moiile I'ladre, told him
that midy cap, which it wascoMred willi, was al-
ways a fign of a northerly wind. Hut, notvsiih-
ftandini; this mariner's hopes, a ftorm arofe, which
foon ftavtd the Halamlia to pieces aj-.aiiid the rocks :
however, tlicy all ("irft got f.ife on (liore out of her.
After this, he went up the town, and h:u iiij; hidiij;ht
letters from the biftiop, whom he (aw at Uoiia Vi(ta,
to the two traders of St. Anthony, alii) from .he
|)rie(F, who attended the bifliop, (lie'iiif; the fame that
was at St. Nicholas, when the pir.ites took him there)
to his futcedor, the prefcnt pried there, he was vcrv
kindly received by them all ; ami the prieft want-
ing wooil to enlarge the choir part of his church,
bought ihe wreck that was Caved, and left here, for
the ufeas abinemeniioned, for which he cavelheau-
tlior 10 dollars. It llcmsthc prielt Caved it by charg-
ing them all ,Tt church, under pain of excommuiiiea-
tion not to touch it ; and pronounced damnation to
every one who fliould difobey his orders.

Roberts receiving this money foon after, bought a
large hog for a dollar and a half, and h.id it killed, and
would not fell the maiCe and Cefliooiis, which he got
for his Cult, (being about 50 bufliels) but for a large
profit.— —Here, falling into a tertian ague, he
pall'ed the time, or ratner lingered on, till about
the latter part of OiHobcr, when, tn hit great fatls-
I'adfion, news was brought of an Englifli fliip being
arrived at the iHand, and that (he anchored at the port
of Terrafal. While he was getting ready a horfc to
go thither, he received a letter from the captain, whofe
name was John Harfoot, who happened to know him,
;it his lirfi arrival. Cent that letter to invite him to come
on boird him, if pofliblc, next d.iy. Ih accord-
ingly went, and a(iifted the captain in diCpofing of
his cargo j and when they had finifhed their bufinelV,
they weighed, intending for Uarhadocs, where Cap-
tain H31 foot was bound ; but ran firft to Hona ViOa,
where he (laid four days ; from thence he went to the
Idcof May, for two days; and then proceeded for
the i(land of St. Jago, and anchored in Porto Pr.iya :
they there met with an Englifll fhip, come from the
coaft of Guinea, with a cargo of Haves, wax, teeth,
&c. and bound for Lilbon. I'he laptain's name was
MuCes IJurel of Pool, in DorCctfliirc, with whom,
on his invitation, Roberts determined to take his

fiaflage, as being the mod direi5l courib to Eng-
and.

The Cape de Verde iflands, of which Captain Ro-
berts has here given us a particular lUCcription, as
we have already obferved, lie off the cape oC th.it
name. 'I'hey were all defert when the Portuguefe
fitli difcovcrcd them, and firft fettled at St. Jago, the

i'ui

iiiolMVilih' of the whole clodr, cnnTill ir^ of ten,'
11/. du .Sal, Hoiij \ Ilia, (,,r lln.i \|||,) M.uo, Si.
J.igo, Kuigo, lli.a.i, St. Nicliol.i., Si. I iHia, St.
Viiuent, and St. Ant mio. Ilui lonu K\kon(oiir.
teen,lKcaufe liny imlu-le four otlur Imleill:.., or
r.ither locks in the luinibir.

I hiy lake up.i litili above three dtgr>T« from ilia
Coiilhlothe north, and the fame iiiiinlv r lioiii thi;
till to llu wed, Iwn , hilweeii I4dp;'uis jo mimilr-,
iiid 17 ile^tiei. 4) minutisof lalilul, , .md h lumi
llle 4ih, and 71I1 digues ol I. n.-iludi lioiii l'\ii„.— — .
S.il, Hona Vida, ,ind .M.ivo lie mod 10 th, t.ill, lioiii
north to fouth i St, Jago, Kucgo, and l)ia\a, to tin;
louth, (romcadtowid i and St. Nnohi*, St. F.inia,
St. Vincent, and St. Antony, is to the noilh-wiK,
in a ran le from (iiulh-cad to noiih-wdl.

'I'he air of tlirte illaiids is extreiiely hot and un-
wholeCome, (o thai they are Kehonrd to he (ituate in
oiicof ihi: mod unhealthy elimaiis 111 ih.' v. . 1 Id ; the
(ml of loine of ihiiii is duny ami baruii, as piiticu-
l.irlythatof du Sal, Hona Vili.i, .iml M.ivot Silanil
.M.iyo, have a gieat number ot wild hoiksj .M.ijo,
hehiles will! horles, has a iiuKh ^re.lei r,i;mbir ot
wild goats, and a prodigious t|u,iiiiiiy of i.ilt.— —
The other idaiids are 0101^ leitile, and produce lice,
maiCe, or Imliaii wheat, binanas leiiums, lilroii',
oianges, pomegranates, cocoa-nuts, hgs, and me-
lons ; there are (iime uiiiteeotion and Ui(:.ir canes, of
which they have a double ciO|i. The goats ^emrally
bring (orth three or (our kills at oiue, aiul ili.it odti'i
in the year ; and the vines hear tv\ ice a )iar.

(ioaisand diiep aie theii principal c.re, havinj^
(ew oxen and cows. [Danipier fjy«, " Ad'isare 11
commodity in Come of ihele illani!s, (Im-mI Kn;'li(h
(hips coming hither purpc lily to In !■ lit w ith Ihrni,
and carry llum to llaibadoes, am! our jdaiitalioi-..
Their wealth condds in (■o.it-lkiii';, and (all, (snt
from Sal, lionaVida, M.iyo, and Si. J.i 'o."

There is (iich plenty of turtle in ihofe id.inds,
that yearly (iveral (oreign fliips rilort ihitlar to caich
and I'alt them by whole cargoes, (iir the Kuropian
colonies in America. In thewet Haloii they go on
Ihore to lay their eggs in the (and, which th'y leave
10 be halehid hy the heat ot the dm. The iiih.ilii-
taiits go out in the night, and turn thi m on iheii h.ieks
with poles i lor they aie (ii lai !;e, ih.it tKiie is no do-
ing it with their hands. Tue de(h of tlum, will
cured, is as great a (iipply to the American planta-
tions, as cod-fifli is to iunope. I'oultry and labbits
alfo increafehere.

Ihrchief trade of thefe idand?, in 1693, was in
fall, (and that at Mayo) which the Englidi hi.idtd
(or Newfoundland. Some Englilh diip- eallnl like-
wifc in their way to the American plaiua'.ions :it ihij
ifland, Bona \ida, S. Nicholas, S. Vincent, 5sr.
where they purcha(id alles very cheap, wiiicli as well
as all other beads, go od' well at Harbadoe'. Cap-
tain Roberts obferves, that there is found on nmd of
thcfe ifl.inds, a fort of vecctablc done.

Thefird Poriuguefe Cettlers, pinieiilaily ihofj on
St. Jago, pi-i-ivideii themlilvcs with iic;;ro (i.ivis from
(iuinea to do their work ; ami, as it was ulii.l with
them to atone (or their dns <m tluir (Kalh-hids hy
giving oiv; or more d.ives tluir tieedoin , tlicK' ma-
numitted bl.icks being in a climate natural to liiem, in-
erealid a-pace i and not brooking the lonlly >ml op-
prediie deportment of the whites, found means in
time to get tranlp.jited to the ne;;hboiirin;; illaiuh,
wliiihcr (iiinc of the whites, feeing iheir impimi nu-ii!,
followed them j but the Porlii^ii; (e trade in thole p iits
declininii, by means of other nations iiiiding out ihc
way to Guinea, and the Kad Indies, thebl 1, ks ^rcwr
fo much fiipcrii r in number, that they indllul to be
put on an e(|iial footing with the whites, who, laihir
than dihmit to this, retired to St. Ja-o o' Portu5'al,
leaving but a (iw poor people behind, v.ho were jiael
to join with the blacks on their own termi^, and inter-
marrying with them, their delccndant , by tlint mix-
ture,grcw from mulattos to be copper-coloured nrgre^s j
I'o that now there is as great variety of ne-gros on
6 " theft

»7»J)

to THE CAPE VERDE ISLANDS

4nj

Ihrl'c illaiidii, »% it to be met Wiil> throughout tlu
Whole colli of Uuincj,

Thui all the inanJn c.ime to he ptopleJ i which
being oblvrveO hy the cnurt ul' Purtugal, the kin^ bc-
ItowiM tlirin anions his nohlcii reli'iviiig to hiiiili.ll
only St. J rt,", (anilurtciwarJi St. Philip's.) Howivci,
Ihcgovcniiir n( St. J.igo hi% the tilleol tjniir.il ol
mII theCipc Je VcrJc llUiid*, and the cu,ilt of Ciiii -
lU'ii, Iroiii Klo Sjn;i);4, to Sierr.i Lcon.ii iic. I'lu'
oihtr lurdk lluikina cucli hit own illand, with ciiw«,
H'Uta, i<i\ Ic.-wc iTie government to .i deputy i tluir
•iiilhoiiii not beini; much, m the I'ole power ol iiu-
nilhiiig liy fiiif, limb, or death, wa> lodged at hi It in
lliv govcinoi ol St. Jjgo: but ol late.m officer, c.illiid
uii Ovidor, (much the Tame with the JuKiccs ol alHzc
in England) hat been cllablilhcd, who i^ veiled with
nil the civil jurii'di^iion, and has alio the inlpci^lion
und m.inageinent ol the crown rcvcnuea, jtc. the
militiiry part being rcferved to the ircneral.

St. Jago it the cleariiig port lor all (hipi tridlnj; from
any part of the king of Portugal't dominions, to iliat
part of Guinea ; but notwithltanding thit, the crown
revenuei from thit ifland aie but I'maTl, lying between
Cape de Verde and Sierra Leona. However, he it
not at much charge in keeping them ; for at there it
never a fortification but on St. J.igo and St. Philip't,
Ind none of any ftrcngth, excepting that at the city of
St, Jago, which.'wat built by the Spaniard*, when
Portugal wai under their dominion i lb they are de-
fendea by their own militia, without any of the
kins'i forces.

Our author r,iy«, <* The Tea about thefe iflandt
keep* a regular influx and reflux every fix hours and
fome minutet i and that the fpring and neap-tidei,
likewifs keep their due cuurlct, unlefi when afFe£led
by the fliifting winds, &c. which arc more fiequent
here than ir. other parts i but let the weather be ever
fo ca'm, yet the lea runs higher againit the rocks,
and even in the b.iys about the full and change of
moon, than in, or near tlu: quarters. At thefe times
the captain hat taken notice, that in a (Irong galu of
wind, which caulinl a great fea to run in the channel
between St. Philip't, and St. John's, yet in the I'u-
■rno (a bay in the latter) the fea has been very
fmooth. On the contrary, near the full or the
change, when perhapt it had been calm for three or
four dayi before, and the channel almoll at fmooth as
the Thames, yet againft the fliorc the fea heaved up
in fuch I manner, that even in the Fuarno there was
no putting a boat on fliorc to the beach or ftrand,
without danger of being filled with water by the roll-
ing and breaking of the fea thereon i and although
«ne might at the fame time land fafe enough at the
quay, yet there the wavei rofe and fell at if a great fea
ran without. " The flood fcts to the north-eaft, and
the ebb to the fouth-weft, unlcft checked or turned bv
the points or fides of the iflands, (the eflic£>s of whicn
are found on the dream, (which he oblerved there, and
is a rule for judging of the fell." Agood tide, both ebb
and flood, runs between St. Jago's and St. Philip's,
and a ftrongcr between this and St. Nicholas to St.
Anthony's, efpecially the narrow channel between
St. Lucia and St. Vincent, which, in fpring-tides,
run very (trong, viz. as fall as it does in any part of
the Thames, to Captain Roberts's thinking, for he
had noconveniencies for knowing exadlly.

The ifle du Sal, or of Salt, is the moll windward
of all the Cape de Verde illands, being fituated, ac-
cording to Captain Roberts, in latitude 17 degrees
north, and longitude live degrees 18 minutes well,
from the cape. It is clear all round of Ihoals and
rocks, and aflbrds tolerable good riding, except in the
rainy fc;ifon. The road before the town of Palmera,
••ithe moll noted, looking like two bays, with a rocky
point in the middle. This bay lies on the weft fide
of the ifland, anJ is eafily known by three palm trees,
from which the name is taken ; they are Hill Hand-
ing, and ace the only trees of the kind on the ifland.
To the fouthward of the 'jay, about a mile, or half
a Uaguc, there is a little ifle, which is always white
Vol. I. N- 3S.

with liiM U dung, »y if covircd with fnnw. Of ih«
five hilli that arc upon du Sal, thai Vi the iinrlli i , tlis
liii;h('li, and next to thi«, that to the ealt, both which
appiar in the furni of lug:ir-lnavc«.

this ifland lormerly, wa« vmII llokcd v ilh goal(|
cnwt, and tiYcs : but abnut tlir vear 17^5, not lung
bel'iire Mr. RoberlH went on Ihnrr, it w.i« inlirely
dcleried, lor want of rain, hy all the iiiliabitiint»|
I'xceptan old man who reliilvrd 10 die on it, ai lie did
the lame year. The droiiyht had been lii cxiieme lot
loine time, (hat moil of the cow^ and goats died lor
want of fuKcnanee -, but rain lalling, tliry .iMere.-xIcil
apace) till about tiirce years uliiward', iliry were
again reduced hy an odd accident ' a V leiii li lliip com-
ing to filh for tuitle, by llrelt of wcallicr, en luine
other meant, left behind lier jo blacks, uliuh Ihn
had brought Irum Saint Anthuny'i to carry un tlio
fifhery.

Thefe people linding little elle, fed mollly on wild
goatt, till they had dellruyed them all but nine old

he goatt, which was then on llie inaiul, and Icjit ge-

■ . Thcv killt ■
alio moll of the cuwo ( fo that they were at lalt lurced

nerally upon the northern mountain. Tlicy killed

to eat ulles. About 16 moiithH alter, an Kiiglilh
fhip (bound for the ifle of Mayo, to takr in fait) pcr>
cciving the finoke of feveral fires, which llie iicii,rut
made, fent her boat on fhorr, and thinking thry might
be fome fhip's company wrecked upon the ifland, put
in there, and compaflionating their cale, tuok tliem
all in, and left them on their own ifland of Si. An-
thony's,

This ftory Roberts had from one of the fame blacks.
The St. Nicholas blacks, whom the captain brouijht
off in 172a, told him, that there were then nine
cows and bulls, and that old he goat abovc-mrn-
tiuned, which they had (ievcral iimes ften, and a picat
many alTes, but nothing near the number befuicths
drought. At that time, a little fcfhoon that was
fown a few years before in the v.nlley of Palmiia, was
the only vegetable they had for food. Tliis plant
thrives there very well. It fheds in Oi5>obi:r oi No-
vember, and the feed finding a loft bed in iho valley,
lies unhurt till fpring, when it (hoots up again ; and
laying hold of the adjacent filk cotton trees, twines
round them like hops in England, and is fit to eat
about Augufl. The filk cotton itfelf is of no great
ufe( only. in feveral of thefe iflands the natives llufl;'
bedtwithit: and the author obfervci, that it makes
the bcft tinder of any thing he knew in the wcrld :
the wood yields a quick blaze, but is not lafling, and
when welt dried will quickly take fire by friction.
The dates here are as good as any on the coall of Af-
frica ; but there is only one of the palm-trees that
bear fruit.

Quantities of land-crabs and turtles arc found
thereabouts, like thofe in the Well Indies. And
among thelifh, with which this place abounds, there
is one fort, (by the blacks called Mear) about the
bignefsof acoa, but thicker and much flatter, which
will take fait, and cure as well as cod, wbicli the
author fays, might be as conveniently faired herca^ at
Newfoundland.

Ambergreafe is often found here in greater quan-
tities than upon any of the iflands ( Captain Dam-
pier takes notice, that while they Aaid here in 1683,
one Coppingcr bought a piece of falfe ambergreafe, be-
ing of a dark colour, like fhceps dung, very foft, but
had no fmell. One Read, a Brillol man told him
once, that he had taken up a piece that fvvam by the
fhip's fide at Fogo, which was true ambergreafe, and
his mailer had enriched himfcif by buying it there.
At Niquibars, the author had been informed, there
was fome very good ; but both there, and at the gulph
of Florida, from whence much of it comes, the na-
tives counterfeits it upon this occafion. The author
fays, •• One Mr. Hill, a man of integrity, (hewed
him a bit which he (Hill) had from one ^akcr, whom
he vouched to he a man of veracity, who found a large
piece upon the (hore, a little above high-watermark,
in the bay of Honduras. Hill's piece came otf this,
5 M . anA

456

IrOYAGES bF THE ENGJ. isli

[»M3

1 i

J'
it I

':l^

and was given him by Duker. !t was of a dufky co-
lour, almoK black, jbuut thr harilnefs of a mellow
cnccfe, and «r .i vcri' iVagraiit rnitll.

Salt is made here iii thc-cicvicjsot' the rocks, with-
out art, by the heat of tlie Am. Captain Cowley
fays that the Lnglilh Uilps came often thither tii load
lalt for the Wcli Indies, and that the fait ponds were
hear two miles long.

There is a iort of fcwl called the Flamingo : thcfc
birds are a laree fowl, fliapcd like a herofi, but bi^
ger, and a reddiO) colour. Here they build their nclts,
fcraping the niud together, to make little hillocks a
foot and a half hi^h from the bottom, and Handing
out of the water : they make them broad at bottom
but bring them up tapering td the top, where they
leave a fmall hollow pit to lay theircggs in ; and both
in laying and hatching of them, they Itand with their
feet on the ground, and legs in the water, cTofc by
the hillixk, againll which, having very long I6gs,
they reft, covering the neft with their rumps.' They
never lay mofe than two eggs, and feldom fewer.
The young ones cannot fly till they are almoin fiill
grown, but will run exceeding fad, yet he had ta-
ken many of them. The flcfh of both yourig and
olJ is lean and black, but very good liieal, tafting nei-
ther filhy, nor any ways unfavoury. Their tongues
are large, having a gre.1t knob of fat at their root,
which is an excellent difli. 't'heyoiing ones are of a
light grey, growing darker, as thetf wings fprin*
out, but never come to their right colour. Or any
beautiful .Oiape, under ten or eleven months old.
Thefe birds are very fliy, and therefore hardtoOloot:
they keep together in large flocks, feeding in muddy
ground, or places where there is little water.-^

Bona Vista, or Boa Vifta, lies in fixtecrrdegrees
ten minutes north latitude ; ai'id in five degrees tcrur-
teen minutes weft longitude from the Cape ; its
length, from fouth-eaft to nofth-wcft. Is eighteen
leagues ; and breadth from north-eaft to fouth-weft,
where it is the broadcft, about fifteen miles. It was
fo called by the Portuguefe bccaufe they counted it a
good fight, as it was the firft of thefe ilTaads which
they difcovereil.

About forty yeari igo this was thought t6 be the
moft plentiful of all the iflands, for cows, goats, hogs,
horfes,afl'is,maife, pompions, ftfhoon, water-melons,
and potatoes. It fecms, that in 1722, "there were
no potatoes growing here, and very little of any
thing clfe: the cows were likcwife all dcftroyed, ex-
cept about forty, which belonged to the lotd of the
foil : but (iiice that. Captain Manuel Domingo got
an Englifli fliip to bring him a young bull and an
heifer; which. When Mr. Roberts was laft there,
were increafed to fcvcn.

Moft of the inhabitints have goats, the milk of
which, helped out with filh and turtle, fupplicd them
with food after the famine that happened there.
For the reft, their whole dependance was on Eng-
lilh fhips which came there to lade, and often hired
fome of them to work in (he falt-pans, befides their
afles, And blacks to drive them, to bring the felt down
to the fea-fidc, for which they pay them in bifcuit,
Hour, old cloaths, or whatellc they bring with them
for that piirpofe.

The men generally irfe the European drefs, there
being few that have not fuits bought of thr Englifh,
and have learned to make up cloaths of their cotton
cloths. The women when drclTed, wear cotton
cloths, wrapped about them like petticoats ; and tied
w''''> agirdle above the hips, and fometimes without
a girdle, the corner of the cloth onfy tucked in.
Their fhifts arc made like a man's fhirt, birt are cut
off fo fhort, that they do not reach low enough to tie
under their girdJe. The waiftband^, colkir and neck
of the better fort, cfpetiaify the younger ones,- have
fi'^ures wrought with a needle in filk of many
colours i but the poorer, particularly the older fort,
take up with blue cotton thread for this work. Over
their Ihifts they wear a jacket, with fleeves to button
at the arms not jbjvc f^ur incites deep in the back

part, but long enough before to tie with firings under
their breafts : and over all a cotton cloth, by way of
mantle, which the mairicd women generally chufcofa
Que colour, and the darker the blue, the richer it
is reckoned : but the maidens, and gay young
wives or widows, wear blue and white ones, fome
figured, as they call it, others fnotted. All this time
the women wear no fhtx-s nor ftockings, except very
(cw', and thofe only on holidays 1 but fome of the
men arc fo ufed to both, that they can as little endure
to go bare-foot, as ahy body.. But though they ap-
peared drefTed but in fuch order on holidays, yet on
all othc days, both men and women are in a manner
naked : the wtfmen only wearing a fmall cotton cloth
wrapped rouiid their waift which reaches to their
khees i ahd the men nothing but the rclicks of an
old pair of breeches. They are very lazy, both men
aifd Women ; and though this ifland yields more cot-
ton than all the reft put together, the flirubs crowing
iii tommon, yet it is the worft market of all, both for
fcarcity and dearnefs of cloths : for they will neither
gather the cotton till they know of a (hip or vefTel to
buy it, nor will their women fpin, but juft as they
want ; fothat when the cotton fcafon is over, therein
fcarce one hundred weight to be got, although, the
author fays,' he is certain they might gather yearly,-
More than a good (hip's catKO.

This ifland affords good fait; and the autho^ madez
cargocof falthere,in the month of Augutt,during their
rainy feafon, when the roat) was fo wet and flippery,-
that the affes had much ado to carrry it down to the
(hip. The rain having melted all thrc fait in the pans,
the natives whom Captain Roberts had emjiloyed to
get him a cargo, cleared rhe pans 6f the rain-water,
and filled them up with pickle ; and in aboOt three
week's time he got fait enough made and heaped up.
This idand likewife yields Indico, which, growing
fpontaneouOy, as the cotton does, they can have it
only for the pains of gathering. The misfortune is,'
that they have not the art of fepararinz the tinflure^
or making irhat is called the (tone blue, as in the
Weft Indies, &c. but only pound the leaves of the
(hrubs while green, with a wooden peftle and mortar,'
for want of mills to grind (hem ; reducing^ it to a
kind of pap, which they form into thick round cakes,
or balls, and lay it to dry for ufe.

The vegetable (K)ne is more frtciuently met with
here than in the reft of the ifland-; : it (hoots in ftems,
like the head of a cauliflower, or as the coral does,
but is more porous, and of a greyifh colour, much
like the ftones generated from (hells. Some little
ambergreafe was found here, but it was dangerous deal-
ing for it, the inhabitants generally adulterating it
with a fort of jelly, or excremenr caft on (hore there.
This ifland yields to that of Sal, foffifti, all about j'
except at the rock called John Letton, where they
arc fls plentiful a^ at du Sal, and there is no want
any where.

Captain Roberts obferved, that the people of Bona
Vifta naturally love the Englifh, and can fpeak
moft ef them a little of the language j and even fome
of thtf women made (hift to underfiand him in it.
The ifland is° for the moft part low land, but hak
fome rocks, fandy hills, and mountains.

Mayo lies in the latitude fifteen dccgrees twelve
minutes north, and longitude five degrees iwenty-nint
minutes weft from Cape Verde. It bears from Bona
VifVafouth-by-weft wefterlyv about fourteen leagues'.
This low land, for the moft part rs like the former,
■but is diftinguiOied by three mountains^ the fouth-
eaftermoft, which is the higheft, being called Pinofa 5
the northermoft, St. Antonio. I'his ifland lies
about forty miles eaft-by-fouth, from St. NichoL'. i
it is about feven leagues in circumference, of a
roundifti form, with many fmall rocky points (hoot-
ing out into the fea a mile or more. There are two
hiMs on this ifland of a confiderable hrighth : one
pretty blufl^, the other peaked at top. The reft of
the ifland is pretty level, and of a ^ood heighth ffom
the f«a. I'he flMfc all round has landy ba^j between

th«

«?23

]

Td THE CAPE VERDE ISLANDS.

r-'7

the rock and the points. Tlic whole ifland is very
dry, and generally barren, the bcft of it being but
tery indiftlrcnt foil. Tlic fliips that lade lalt here
will be obliiicd to touch at St. J;igo for water ; for at
the b.iy there is none, not fo much as for drinking. It
is true there is a fniall well of brackifh water not half
a mile from ilie landing place, which the aflbs that
carry fait drink at ; but it is very bad water. In the
j;encral drought, Mayo fufFered as much as Bona Vifta,
yet they have more cows, and thcfe generally thebeft
and fattcft on all the iflands. They hace alfo nioft
Of them goats. They have fewer filh than at Bona
Vitta, and but a fmall quantity of turtle. Kigs, and
water-melons are their chief fruits. 'I'hey have alfo
calavances (a fort of pulfe like French beans) and
pompions for ordinary food. There are alfo fome
trees within the ifland, but none to be feen neat the
fea-fide, nothing but a few bufhes fcattcring up and
down againft the fides of adjacent hills ; for the land
is pretty high from the fea;

Though the inhabitants of Mayo never had the
loth part of the cotton that Bona Vifta hadj and left
a great deal of that for want of rain, yet they have
ftill more than enough for their own ufe, but are very
idle in regard to its improvement. There is alfo a filk
cotton found here; it grows on the fandy banks that
t>ens in the fait ponds, on tender flirubs three or four
foot high, in pods as big as an apple, but of a long
fliape, which, when ripe, open at one end, parting
]eifurely into four quartetsj and at the fird openings the
totton breaks out of it. There are many forts of fmall
birds and fowl in Mayo ; as pigeons and turtle doves ;
Ininiotas; a fort of land-fowls, as big as cows, of a
verygrcycolouri which are good food ; crufia?, another
fort of grey-coloured fowls, almoll as bij^ as a crow,
which are only feen in the nightj (probably a foitof
<>wls) are faid to be good forconfumptivc pcopk-, but
eaten by none elfe. Rabeke, a fort of large, grey,
eatable fowls, with long necks and legs, nut unlike
herons. Here are alfo great curlews and Guinea
hens, which the natives of thefe iflands call Gallena
Pintata, or the Painted Henj called at Jamaica the
Guinea Henj where they love the dry favannahs and
woods; They feem to be much of the natutc of par-
tridges, are bigger than Englifh hens, have long leg'',
and will run apace, but cannot fly far, having large
heavy bodies, with fhort wings and tails. They are
fo (Irong that one cannot hold them, and are very
hardy. They hive thick and (Irong, yet (harp beaks,
but pretty long claws : their necks are long and
(lender, their heads alfo but little. The cock bird has
a fmall rifing on his crown in manner of a comb, of a
dry walnut-(hell colour, and very hard ; he has a
fmall red gill on each fide of his head like cars, ftrut-
ting eut downwards^ but the hens have none. The
feathers of thcfe birds are fpecklcd with dark and light
grey, in fmall round fpots, very regular and uniform.
They feed either on vvorms, Which they find by taring
t>pen the earthy or elfe on grafs-hoppcrs, which are
plentiful here. They are very good meat, fwect and
tender^ the flc(h in fome very white, but in others
black J however, both forts are very good. The na-
tives run them dov/n cafily with dogs.

The fea is plentifully flocked with fi(h of many
forts, viz< dolphins, buncttas, mullets, fnappers,
filvcr iifli^ &c. And here is a good bay to haul a line
©r net inj as the author found often by experience,
dragging on (horeat one time fix dozen of great fifh,
moft of them large mullets of a foot and a half, or
two foot long. Here are alfo porpoif>.s, and a fmall
fort of whales, that commonly vifit this road. In
Mav, June, July, and Auguft, fays Dampicr, a fort
of fniall tortoifc come hither to lay tituireggs : but'
thcfe turtles are not (o fwect as thofu in the Weft In-
dies. Befides the abovemi'iiiionc'd produ<£)ions, there
is fome little indico to be met with in this ifland, and
(iimetimes fmall quantities of ambcrgrcife are found.
VVc are told, that the inliahitnntsfalt thv llefti of goats,
and export it in cafks, drelfiiig the flcins very ne.tly
in the nature of I'uikcy le,it|>er. And it is faid,

that 5000 of thefe (kins are yearly carried into other
parts. But the chief commodity of this ifland is faltj
and Mayo is the moft noted of all the iflands for it by
the Englifti, many uf their (hips lading here in the
fummer. ,

Mr. Roberts tells usj there are two roads in the
ifl.-ind for (hips to ride; bifides fcveral little coves,
where a boat might run in, but not worth farther no-
tice. Dainpier fays the inhabitants li^e near the bay,
in the middlcof the ifle, in three linall tOAns, (hav-
ing a church and prieft in each ;} which, as he was
informed, are fix or fcven miles from the rond, on the
weft fide (or Englilh road) Pinofa is faid to be the
chief town, and to have two churches. St. John's
the next, and the third Lagoa. The houfcsarc very
mean, fmall« low things. They build with fig-trees^
here being, as the author was told, no other trees fit
for the purpofe; the rafters are a fort of wild canes.
The natives, even their governors and priefts, arc all
woolly haired like theirAfrican neighbours, from whoni
they probably dcfcended ; though being fubje£t to the
Portugucfc, they have their religion and language.
They are ftout, lufty, well-limbed people, both nieii
and women, fat and flelhyi they and their children
being very round and plump : though r.t the fame
time the ifland appears fo barren to a ftrunger, as fcarce
to have food for its inhabitants ; who, as Dampier
upon enquiry was told by one of the people, amounted
to no more than 230 perfons.

Captain Roberts obfcrvcs, that thefe iflandcrs arc
much the fame with thofe of Bona Vifta, but not
fo well affciiUd to the Englifh, and they drelsjuft aS
the Bonavil^ans do ; but that few of tliciti have any
holiday cloaths at all. When he was there in 1722,
their number was computed at fomething above 200 :
they were chiefly blacks, and the moft hard-featured
of all their neighbours ; having but few mulattoes,
and no whites at all among them.

The people of Mayo live very poorly, yet much
better than the inhabitants of any other of thefe
iflands, St. Jago excepted. They depend fof their
trade and fubnftance, chiefly on the Englifli, who,
in return for their afliftance in lading the fait, give
them vii^uals, fome money, and old cloaths, viz.
hats, (hirts, and other things, by which means man^
of tbcm ate indiftisrently well cloathed ; but fome of
them go dpoft naked. All the iflandcrs are at that
time, fully employed in getting fomething or another ;
for they have no vcflel of their own to trade with, nor
do any Portugucfe (hips come hither, or fcarce any
but Englift), for whom they have a particular va-
lue.

When the feafon for turtles comes in, they watch
the fanJy bays in the night to take them, havifig
fmall huts, -at particular places on the bays to keep
them from the rain, and to flcep in. This is another
harvcft they have for food ; for by itport, there cctncs
a great many turtle to this and the other Cape Verde
iflaiuls. When the turtle ftafon is over, they hare
little to do but hunt for Guinea Hens, and manajJe
their fmall plantations. By thefe tncans they have all
the year (omc employment or other, whereby they
^et a lubfiltancf, though but little elfe. When any
of them arc dtfirous to go over to St. J-i^o, they ob-
tain a licence from the governor j and dchre palTage in
any Englilh fliip. The pirates have often landed ou
this ifland, and canicdoff" not only cattle, but fchle
of the inhabitants.

(In 1683, there came about a week before Dampier
arrived here, an Englilh (hip, the men of which going
on (horc, under pretence of fricndfliip, feized on the
governor, with fame others, and carfying them on
boaid, m-tde them fend to land for cattle to ranfome
their liberties ; yet after this, they failed away with
them, and polfibly never brought them back a-iain.
The En!;li(hman who did this vile iiiflion was one
Captain Bond, of Briftol, who, with moft of his
men, u cnt over afterwards to the Spaniards, and had
like to ii:tve burnt the fliip Dampier was in, in the
bay of Panama).

St.

4r9

VOVAGES OF tHE ENGLISH

[172^.

i^ '

St. Jaoo, or St. James's, is by fomc faii! to be
in length about 45 leagues; in bicadth 10 ; in
circumference 95. Others make its length about
30 leagues, fouth-caft and north- well, and its breadth
10, cult north-cad, and weft fouth-wcll. It lies four
or five leagues to the weftward of Mayo, and is the
chief, the mod fruitful, and bed inhabited of all the
i.lands of Cape Verde, yet mountainous, and has
much barren land in it. Captain Roberts obl'ervcs
that in the rainy fealon, this more flckly than the
red, and dangerous to itrangcrs. At that time there
were not many places in Guinea, except Cacheu, more
(ickly than bt. Jago ; its unhealthinefs being liich,
that it may pioperly bocompared to where the plague
rages. 'I'hc fouth-cad end of this ifland is flat land,
but all the red, except Campo dc Terrafal, rifes in
mountains. Peak Antonio is the highed, lying near
the middle, and at the didanceof three or four leagues,
but not nearer, ihews if felf above the red, on either
fide of the ifland. When you make the higl) hill of
Terrafal to the cadward or wedward, it (hews at (ird
like an ifland, till you are nigh enough to raife the
low land, called the Campo, which joins it to the
reft. Here the Portuguefe fettled fird, finding it not
only the largtd, but the moft fruitful of them all ; as
having the bed feafons, and confequently thebeftpaf-
turc, and grcated variety of fruits, an J is refrefhed
with pleafant rivulets. Their chief land animals are
their bullocks, which, according to account, are
faid to be many ; though they aflced 20 dollars a piece
for them. They have alfo horl'es, alTes, and mules,
deer, goats, hogs, and black-faced long-tailed mon-
keys. There are civet cats here ; and that the mon-
keys are the bed proportioned that are any where feen.
Roberts fays that St. Jago alone, of all the Cape de
Verde illands produces this creature, and that they
may be had in all parts of it. There are ^reat num-
bers of fmall oxeni hogs and goats on the ifland

The fowls were cocks and hens, both tame and wild ;
paraquites, parrots, pigrons, turtle doves, herons,
hawks, and curlews, abound here. There is plenty
of maifc, fcflioon, Guinea corn, plantains, bananas,
and pompions, for necefTary provifions } and for de-
light, there grow good oranges (both fweet and four)
lemons, tamarinds, pine-apples, mufk, and water-
mellons, and mandyokes, and cocoa-nuts in abun-
dance, hefides guavas, cudard or ftar-apnie ; fugar-
canes alfo grow-here, but they make little fugar, con-
tenting themfelves with molalTes ; they have likewife
fome grapes ; and the author thinks, as well as the
natives, that vines would do here very well, but for
reafonsof date, the king of Portugal-does not fuffir
them to make wine. [Ovington fays there are but few
vines, and no wine made ; ail they drink coming from
Madeira : others fay from Liflion. The fame au-
thor adds cedars to the trees ; and fays the European
herbs and plants grow very well here, but muft be
renewed every year.] They have plenty of cotton
growing up in the country whnrewith they cloath
themfelves, and fend alfo to Brafil. The cuftard ap-
ple mentioned above, among the fruit, is as big as a
pomegranate, and much of the fame colour. The
outfide coat is for fubdance and thicknefs, between
the fliell of a pomegranate, and the peel of a Seville
orange, fofter than this, yet more bitter than that,
and is remarkable for b^ini; regularly fludded round
with knobs. Within it is full of whitt foft pulp, fweet
and pleafant, moft refembling a cuftard of anything,
both in colour and tafte (whence it is named by the
linglifli.) It has, in the middle, afcw black dones,
or kernels, but no core, for it is all pulp. I'he tree
that bares it, is about the bignefs of a quince-trcci
with longfinall branches, thick let, and veiy fprcad-
ing. The fruit grows hanging down with its own
weight, at the extremities of the branches upon ftalks,
kbout nine or ten inches long, flender and tough, but
large trees do not bear above twenty or thirty
apples.

This fruit grows in mod countries within the tro-
pics. They have bccu fccn all ever the Wilt In-

dies, both continent and iflands, as alfo ?.t Hrafil, and
in tlic liaft Indies, 'i'hc papah is found in ali their
countries. It is a fruit about the bigmfs of a mulk
mellon, hollow as that is, and much reli-inbling it m
fhnpe and colour, both out and infide; only in tlie
middle thefe have a handful of finall blackith kah,
about the bigncfs of a piipper-corn, tading hot alfo,
fomething like pepper. I'he fruit is fweet, foft and
lufcious, when ripe) but while green, hard and un-
lavory : yet their being boiled, it fcrvts by way of
turnips to fait beef, and is equally eliccmcd. 1 lie
papah-tree is about ten or twelve feet high ; the bo-
dy near the ground may be a foot and a half, or two
feet diameter, and goes up tapering to the top. It
has no branch at all, but only laige leaves, growing
immediately from the body ujicn ftalks^ wliicli are
longer as they grow farther from the top, 'i'hc leaves
are of aroundiih form, with jagged edges. Thef
begin to fprout out about fix or iuven feet high from
the ground; whence upward they grow thicker and
larger, and at top are quite clofe and broad. The
fruit grows only among leaves, and thickeft among
the thickeft of them : fo that towards the top they
are thick, as they can ftick by each other i but are no
bigger than an ordinary turnip : the larger fruit be-
fore detcribed growing lower down, where the leaves
are thinner. The dux at St. Jago is the fame as at
Mayo, and the reft of thefe iilands.

Captain Roberts fays, there is abundance of that
marcafite, which the Portuguefe call Bcur d'Ore^
which is generallv opake, though fome is a little
tranfparent. In the Ihade it calls a dark bluei/h of
purple colour, but when brought into the fun, it
(hews the colour of gold, and apiiears very bright and
glittering. The author was informed by fbinc gen-
tlemen, who had redded for a time in fcveral parts of
Brafil, and had converfcd with people concerned in
the mines there, that there was certainly a gold minCf
wherever any great quantity of this beur d'ore was
found i the fame gentleman likewife told him, that
the colour made with this marcafite looked as well
as gilding. Another fodil is a very curious red
done (or ocher) which is found here in a hill, on the
north fide : It is very much like chalk in i^nglandt
but fofter and fomething heavier than powder, when
fcra|)cd off with a knife, feeling as line as the fineft
flour. It runs in veins, and next the furface is a
common rock, which growing fofter by degrees ap-
pears variegated, till you come to a vein ot a brim-
ftone colour. This covers one of a f.iinter yellow,
which is fucceeded by a fleih colour. I'he red pre-
vailing in the next, grows fuller in one under it;
after which the true vein appears of a deep but bright
and lively red. He was (liewn at Terrafal, a kindof
yellowilh, grey -coloured, luminous rock, full of
(hining fparkles, which gliftencd in the fuu-beamt
like cryftal.

This ifland enjoys the privilege of being the port
of clearance for all (liips trading to the northward of
Sierra Lcona to Guinea. [We are told the ifland of
St. Jago was formerly inhabited by the Portuguefe,
who Wire baniihcd to this place for murders, tliefts,
and other villainies : and Captain Cornwall fays, they
are no better than tranfports, who intermixing with
a race of people from their plantations in Guinea,
have but a very faint refemblance in perfon, a coarle
afHnity of language, and a natural indolence to avouch
for their original, being grown perfect mulatl'^s, tall,
but not well-proportioned, eljpecially the women, who
have alfo large lips, flat bodies, and vicious inclina-
tions, t>eing as infamous for levity as deformity. By
this courfe amongft their flaves, which are Guinea
negroes, the people kre in general become black, or
at letilt of a mixed colour, except only fome few of
a better fort, viz. the governor, the bi(hop, and foino
of the gentlemen and priefts ; they arc faid to be a poor,
lazy, ignorant fort of people, and by religion Roman
Catholics, as they are told; but that their ignorance
and ftupidity is fuch, that they know little more than
the name of religion. The negroes here wear only
6 a roll

>7^3'1

TO THE CAPE VERDE ISLANDS.

a roll of linen aliont tlicir heinl's, nnci a wairtcoat (or
barrnfool) maik- «( liliic aivl wliitc' ftrlpcd or clurk-
qucrcd cotton. I Ic was toKI, thefi- were a good com-
modity upon thj ;^i)ldcn coaft of Guinea.

A !;reat nunihtr of young blacks are brougfit up
at St. Jago lor the priellhood j and as focMi as tin y
have reColvcd to be fucli, tlicy make an intcn.iV fhr
uliial way, by friends, prefents, 5(i;. to one of the
dlgnitaiies of th'- church, who takes than iiniler liis
tuition; and ^.fler fnnie fime paft, with little or no
p.uns i.iktn in their iulliui5lion, prcfents them wiih a
ferious difcouifc ronccrning the dignity, iniponance,
and great difficulties of the facerdotal funi5lion, takes
a fulenin cnuat^enicnt of their tradable behaviour,
and gives them bis blrfTlng. This entitles them to
put on a (ludcnt's habit, which is a long caflbck, and
a cioak, both of iiKick bays ; and purclialii g a Latin
grammar, and fome catcchiftical books of the firll
rudiments of tlieir religion, they labour hard to get
all they can by heart, to be qualified for difpuling
and bandy. ng quellious out of them, for which pur-
pofe they meet in fomcihady ftreet in the evening:
but their highelt grainmalic.il contefts fcldom rife
above the declenfions of nouns, few of them ever be-
ing fo deep learned as to be able to form a verb thro'
all the moods and tenfes. As foon as they have made
a ftiffirient progrefs in thefe books, they pafs a fecond
examination before the bifliop ; who grants a licnce
to the highcft for reading fome hi'.'her compofition*.
And after fume time fpnit in the f.imc kiii<l ctf cxer-
cifes as bt fori', they arc ex.imined out ol thefe books
a third time bv the palaftre, who is vicar-general, and
firO jud'!;c of t.'c inquifition, and dignified with the
tiiic of Doctor Theoldgiic, thnigh, puhaps, he
knows little of it. This officer gives a certific.Tt
of the feveral qualifications of the candidates, the
tenor of which depends pretty much upt.n the fize of
the prcfents, ice. made him ; and aerordin'; to this
certificate, the bidi <\> pivcs the ord. nation of the
loweff <'rder, or fiibd' aeon ; and takes an oath of le-
crefy from tliem, as well with regard to thofe myde-
ries (which as vet were none of the higheft) they
have already learned, as alfo all thofe they Ihall be
hereafter admitted to. Here thev continue till merit
or interelf fits ih'em to receive ttie fecond deg?*e or
kjrder, namely, of the Evmgclic. Thus dignified,
they have liberty to read and perufe the liturgy, and
may officiate in alTifting of niafs-priefts, by reading
of epifH.-s and gofpels ; and when regularly qualified,
their chief bufiiiefs is to make all the intereit they can
to get a bv'nefice.

Captain Roberts, failed round this idand, and vi-
fited all the ports, of which \\c meet with two ac-
counts : one in the journal of his voyage; the Other
in the defcription of the iflands. We (hall infert both
here; the firft is <lelivcrcd in thefame order that he
performed that little navigation. From the Fuarno,
on the cad-fidc of St. Philips, he eroded (iver to the
bay of Rivera das nharkas, \,: St. J.igo. There he
recruited his water, and toncluded to go about the
fiorth-end of the idand for Mayo; which though
fcemingly the longer, he knew to be the (hotter way
thither. Hence, therefore, he failed to the hay of Ri-
vera de I'rata (or Plata) and flopping there a lee-tide,
the next windward -tide got to port Terrafall.
'I'heiice, with a windward tide, he reathtd Porto Ka-
ciendo. Next in one tide he made a bav, which
having no name, he caUed Porto .Signora Jorge.
Hence he met witH Signora Ihuifs. This is a finall
bay, with a great many rocks right againft it of dil-
feient fi/.es ; the larg( ft not above two ttones call in
length, and moft of them above water, extending
from the fhore about half a league. This made the
entrance difficult; but when entered he found a fafe,
plea(;tnt running-in behind the point, about a good
cable's length wide; fron) which you could (:e no
fca. But w.is land-locked from all winds, and from
five to three' fathom wnter, a Ibrt of fand and ooze
mixed.

The fame dav, getting round the Uighude, or

Vol. L Ne

3S-

north-ealf point of the irt.ind about nnnn, the wiiul
eh;'n;.'iiig m the evening l;r ( iw Monte I'inefo i n tho
iile of Mayo. From Calyeic in Mayo lie return;il ti
St. Jago, and fell in witiialar^)e fine bay to thd
foiiihwaid of it; whieli hr railed Porto Sine Nom.a,
lie anchoied (m the hi;'li l.aid on the northern or
wtaiher fide of the b.iv in a lutie findv ccne; when;
fi)uiiding with a tlonc fl.inp to a filbiiigline, he found
it prcify deep, and wis within a ll.inc'.s calt of tliB
Itrand In fore he had ground. There was a l.ii;',e beat li
of fmall pebbles, a fi;',n of elean gi'ouiul, hut flic
land was lo high, tli ',t it ir.ade an eddy wMid blow
right into the bay; whieh iiu reafeil in pn poitioii to
tlii'!;aleon (hole, as the fun (kclincd. lien wed out
iliere to gel into the true wind, and run dovMi lo
Potto Formcfa, and from thence wi.h the fame wind
down to the bay of St. J ago, thence down Hill to
Porto M'adira. Here he moorevi wiih his anchor
off, and a rope faft to .i rock, wliuii w.is like a quay,
having twelve foot at lou water il'>a to it. ') here
being no inhabitants ne..i t!ie port, and luit indiUVr-
< nt ro.ad from thence to the villaji-, he coafti d itill
down to Praya I'ormof.i ; and touehing time and at
St. Domingo, from thence p:cci.di,l 'o Pttt > Lobo,
from whence he rodu to the toAii, whi. 1; u twenty
miles by bind, bad \, ly : v.'bfii-c, i:i ciilccurfc with
Signor Pedro HidJeravella, ; fcirtaining, tl'.at Pi rto
I.oho, was a more ficure puit than Cal)tle, (.fpetially
in the ftiifling wind leafon, that gentUiuan told him,
that Calyete was always reckoned the lulcll port m all
St. Jago'.

Prom Porto Lobo he ran down th'. coaft taking a
view of tile bav of St. Fr.mcilVo and Portate, and
being ftiort of dayli'i.lit to go lo Caljete, he anchored
at Villa d- P:aya till next morning, and then ran to
Calyete: li.it expecting a fouthcni v.ind in a lilt'i:
lime, he halb-ned to gr t to the caft fiJe of the illand :
b;'c:iuii from lhen,-c be etuild not oiil\ b.ttcrfail with
a loutheilv or welterly wind, but the loaus are fafeft
allii, for iliere is not one road on the lec-lide of the
illarul where a man can ri.Ie in falVtv, wi'h a weft-
erlv, or fi:uth-\vcft wind, except Calyete St. iM .rtin :
but then you cannot get out with tbufe winds ; which
however are the only winds you have to carry you
up to the windward illands.

From thence therefore, he went back to Porto
Praya, which lies near the foulh-weft point of St.
Jago, is the firft and moft noted port, being
drninguillied from the reft by its pleafant prolpe<!L
The town and fort, ftands on a pretty high flat land
in the middle of the b.ay, with a valley on each fide,
diverfified with cocoa nuts and palm trees. The beft
riding is beyond the iiland on the north-weft fide of
the bay : whieh however, in the cpen part, is clean
fandy clay from fifteen to five or fix fathoms, but
within that tough ooze to three fathoms, and then
fand again : there is good watering here. About
two leagues from Praya, Weft- north- weft, lies
Calyete St. Martin, a narrow cove not above a
cable's length l:ro;id, and runs i'l from the wcfter-
mol) point :diout a quarter of a mile, having fixtecii
or eighteen foot water within, you mooie with an
anchor off, and a ftern fift on ftiore tu a tree in the
middle of the beach, which is full of fmall ftoncs.
there you lie feciueall the rainy leafon, anJ n\av water
alfo. You muft take a black .'n board at Porto
E'raya to flic w you the |)lace, being hard to find,
although, there is no d:'.nger, but what you may fic.
'l"hc auihar in his voyage obkrves, that in the rainy
feafon this is the ficklieft part of all the ifland. From
Calycic to the city, (that i-:, Rebeira Grande ; or
St. Jago) 'is .about four miles bv land, pretty level,
but very ftony way. Betcre the city, whieh lies
about a Ic.tgue by fea to the nottli-w :ftward of
Calyete is a very ordinary toad, being fo very
foul, that it is much if vou lie there any time, but
you cut your cable, or hook your anchor in the rocks,
and leave it behind. Scvei-al veft'cis have been loft in
this road^ which is the reafi.n that of late it has been
frequented bv few, except Porluguife. The Dutcli

formcil/

4rt

Voyages (jf ti^e English

[>7»3-

formerly touched here for refrcftiments : but lately
Porto Praya only hath been ufcd.

River oc Plata is a very good bay, all clean ground,
in what depth you picafe, from three and a half to
twelve or fourteen fati)oms : and it i» a better place to
water at than Porto Praya, the dream running down
to the Ica-fidc, where you may roll a calk into the
river, anil fill it at the bung, without ul'ing bucket
or funnel. You have all forts of refrcfliments here,
as fruit, roots, fowls, goats and cows, much cheaper
than at Port Praya, or the city. He had fecnamuch
better cow fold here for 2500 reas, than you could
h:ive for 6cco, or eight dollars, at Porto Praya ; and
maifc is as dear aj^ain there as here.

The next confulerable port is Tcrrafal, but yields
no conimo<li:ics for trade; and though it is a good road
when in, excepting in the fliifting wind feafon, yet
the tunilnj; up into it is very troublefomc. The next
is Piirto Facicndo, a large bay there, right jppoHte
the hcnch, from ten to four fathoms water.

There are feveral coves and little bi ■ betwixt this
road and the Kilchude, which is the northcrmoft
point of St. Jago. This town is known by its
churches, which arc white- waflied, and covered with
Kd pantiles, and Hand oppofitc the middle of the bay,
on a riling ground, with a valley in its fouth and north
fide, well planted with cocoa-nut and palm-trees.
'I'he bay is clean fandy ground, and affords fafc an-
choring in ten or twelve fathoms water. A little to
the northward of the church there commonly runs a
gieat fea along fliore, which is fandy. This is one
of themo.1 plentiful places of St. Jago, for whatever
the ifl.ind produces ; and the people are very froc, like
thofc of St. John's. In coafting along lie met with
feveral verv good bays and harbours.

Captain Roberts faw ail the places ahovementioned,
except one of the St. Domingo's, which is a village
12 miles within land from St. Jago. The city of St.
Jago (or Ciudad de Rebeira Grande) lies three leagues
to the wellw.ird of Praya. Dampier puts it on the
fouth-wcll part of the ifle, and in the latitude of 15
degrees north : but Captain Cornwall obferved it to
lie in i; degrees five minutes. This town (lands
fc.itterinj; againil the fides of two mountains, between
which there is a deep valley, about 200 yards wide
ag.viaft the fea : but within a quarter of a mile it dofes
up to as not to be 40 yards wide. With rogard to the
river in the valley by the fea, there is a ftraggling
llreet, with houfcs on each fide, and a run of water
in the bottom, which empties itfelf into a fine fmall
cove, or fandy bay, where the fea is commonly very
fmooth ; fo that there is good watering and good land-
ing at any time, though the road be rocky and bad for
Ihips.

The town confifts of two or three hundred houfi-s,
all built with rough ftones, having alfo one convent
and one church. Philips makes the number of houfes
about 200, and fays there is a convent, a nunnery,
and .1 good large church near the calHe. This doubt-
lefs, is the cathedral, which Roberts tells us is a fine
building : bcfides which, there was a conviint of Cor-
dclici friars, who, it feems, are the only men on thefe
idands who conftantly eat frefli-bakcd and fermented
wheatcn bread, the flour being fcnt them yearly from
Portugal. They had very fine gardens ftored with fal-
Liding, and the bcft fruit on the ifland} and made a
cut from the rivulet of Rebeira (jrande, to bringthe
ilrcam through their gardens, from whence the water
was likewife conveyed almoil to every part of the
houfo, which was next to the cathedral, formed the
bcft profpcift in or about the city.

Dampier obferved when he was at St. Jago, that
juft by the landing-place, there wasafmall lort, al-
moll level with the fea, where was always a court of
guard kept. On the top of the hill above the town,
there was another fort, which, by the wall that is
feen f[pm the road, feems to be a large place. They
had can >n mounted there, but how many he knew
not, iKither what ufe that fort ean be of» cxaept for
fiiutcs.

Another author fays, the number of guns is about
12, that the caftle itands on the hill, onthecaftfidc
of the town, and makes a pretty good (hew at fea.
After this,' he furveyed the tarrifon more Icifurely,
and obferved about eight (mail houfes in it ready to
tumble. On the brovv of the hill was a little brcall-
work, thro' which peeped fix fmall iron minion gun.',
fo much out of order, that they were ready to drop out
of their carriages. Thefe are the half dozen fmall
pieces near the water-fide, on the brow of a precipice
overlooking the haveii.

St. Philips's ifland was difcovercd by the Portu-
guefeon the fir(tof May, being St. Philip's and Ja-
cob's day; and as St. Jago took the name of one
faint, this ifland took the name of the other ; Mayo
receiving its denomination from the month, all three
having been difcovered at the fame time. However,
St. Philips commonly goes by the name of the ifland
of Tuego, or Fire, being fo called by all the Eng-
li(h voy.tgers, except Roberts. 7'he north eaft point
of it lies about 16 leagues, from the point of Icrra-
fal in St. Jago, which mutually bear weft fouth-weft,
and eaft north-eaft. It is in the latitude of 15 do*
grees, 20 minutes, north, and longitude fix dtgrcci?
54 minutes weft, from the Cape dc Veide. The idand
of St. Philip and St. John, being very little, or not
at all ufed by the Englilh (hipping, 'rhc fea draughts
give but a very imperfeifl defcription of them ; that
the waggoners and pilots of thofe parts are every whit
as mucii or more defcftive, making them both very
dangerous, and the ifland of St. Philip in particular
to have few or no inhabitants, and the roads or an-
choring place very bad, which the author found to be
falfe.

I'his ifland is much higher than any of the Cape
de Verde iflands, and is, as it were, one continued
mountain up to the top ; neither can thofe who fail
along it perceive any valleys, for it feems to be one fingle
mountain, the valleys ap|)earing only as gutters made
by the waters, which run off the hills in the time of
rain ; but when a man is on (bore, thofe gutters then
appear to be deep valleys, and their banks great higb
mountains. 7'he chief mountains in St. Philip's are
the peak, which is a volcano, and a great high
mountain which runs along it from fouth-caft, to
north-weft, and is little inferior in height to the pike.
The peak or volcano, (from whence the ifland takes
the name of Fuego) is a very high hill in the middle
thereof. The top of it is ranged above two ftorics
higher than the clouds, which are ranged each below
the other on its fides. This volcano burns continu-
ally, (lames of fire ilTuing out of the top, which
Dampier fays are only to be difcerncd in the night, and
then may be feen a great way o(Fat fea. Froger fays,
they faw the flame all night: — faysBuckman, " What
prodigious flames and vaft clouds of fmoak it vomits up
continually, which wc could perceive afterwards in a
clear day, though wc were above fixty miles diftant." —
Captain Rober'ts fays, "It is incredible what hugerocks
are cail out, and to what a vaf. height ; the iioifc of
which in falling again, breaking and rolling down,
may very eafily be heard eight or nine leagues ufF in a
ftilt air, as he had experienced. The cxplofion,
when they are blown up, is like the report of a great
gun, or rather thunder. He fays, often in the nijiht-
time, the ftones roll down the peak all of a flame ;
and the inhabitants told him, that they had lien brim-
ftone ftrcam down its fides like a torrent of water,
and that fometimes they might gather what quantity
they plcafed. They likewife gave him feveral pieces
of It, which he fays was like common brimftone, but
of a much brighter colour, and in the burning gave
a much brighter flame." Sometimes this volcano
cafts out fuch quantities of alhes mixed with cinders,
that they cover the adjacent parts, and fmothcr fome
of their goats. Yet, when thi» ifland was firft difco-
vered, it had no peak, nor was there any burning upon
it, the peak growing but fince the fire broke out i and
by report of the ancient people, has vifibly inctcafei^
in thei r time,

6 Con*

i7»3]

TO THE CAPE VERDE ISLANDS.

4ti

Confidcring that tliis iflnnd has no running brooks,
and that frcffi water is to be had in very few places,
(infumuch that the inhabitants in fome parts arc forced
to go fix or feven miles to fetch it) yet it is very fer-
tile for pompion, water-melons, feflioon, and maife,
but for want of water, or low vallics, produces no
bananas, plantains, or hardly any fruit trees, favc
wild figs. They have fome few Ouava trees planted
in fome uf their gardens; alfo a crab orange and le-
mon ; likcwifc lime, and a fort of crab-apple. Hut
they have here and there fome good vineyards, whereof
they make little quantities of an indifferent good fmall
wine, but they generally drink it all before it clears,
or has done fermenting. The land is all taken up at
prefent, only about the peak, and that great high
mountain already mentioned, which runs oblique
acrofs the ifland. The Portuguefe, who firfl inh:i-
bircd it, brought negrr flaves with them, and a good
ftuck of cows, horfes, alTes, and hogs ; the king
placing goats there, which run wild on the mountains
(^particularly the faid great one :) the profit of the
fkins was referved for the crown, and he that had the
management of them, was called Captain of the
Mountains, none daring to kill any of them but by
his licenfe.

Captain Roberts tells us. That this idand flood
uninhabited a great many years after it was difcovcred,
but the king of Portugal (fome time after the fire
had been extinguifhed every where, but the peak)
granted it to his fubjc£ls, who were willing to fettle
there, all the land to them and their heirs for ever.
In ccnfcquence of which, a great many went over
and fettled there : but as the cuftom of St. Jago is in
ufc Here to free blacks at their death, they at prefent
exceed the 'Ahitcs an hundred to one. It is probable
nifo, that fome free blacks from St, Jago, miaht have
fettled here, and that when trade decayed, fome of the
Portuguefe might have left this ifland, as they had
done the other.

The free blacks, for the moft part, are tenants
to the whites, who have taken up moH of the land,
efpecially near the fea-fide, fome whites having 30'or
46 flaves, and fome of the free blacks have (laves,
whom they purchafe for cotton cloths, which pafs
there inftead of money, a cloth being valued, and
nafling current among them, for one thoufand reas. —
Mod of the inhabitants of St. Philip's, are of the
Romifli religion ; fome pagan fuperftition being mixed
with it by the mountaineer bUcks.

The natives formerly planted cotton in abundance,
and this was the greateft market for cotton cloths of
any of the Cape Ue Verde iflands : here alfo the Por-
tuguefe European (hips ufed to trade for cargoes of
barrafaols for Guinea ; but, by the laft drought, all
their cotton (hrubs, in a manner were dried up ; fo
that what was the chief product of their ifland, is now
a good commodity to carry there. On account of this
fcarcity of cotton here, and at St. Jago, the Euro-
pean Portuguefe under/landing that the French (hips
were at St.Jago, they procured an order, that no perlbns
on either of thofe iflands (hould, under a penalty, fell
cloth to any but fubje£ts of Portugal, which orders
are ftriflly obfcrved by the officers of cu(lom$ at St.
Jago, though not much minded at St. Philip's, by
reafon there arc no duties paid at this ifland, and con-
fequently no cuftom-houfu or o(Rce.

Since the trade of cotton cloths failed, they have
fold a great many flaves of the Portuguefe (hips tra-
ding thither. But they are endeavouring to revive
this branrh again, by planting cotton ; though for
want of fufficicncy of rain, it does not thrive Co well
as it ufcd to do. They had formerly a pretty good
trade with the French for mules, a number of which
they bred, and fiutd cheap, but the dry fcafon de-
tlroycd almoft all of them ; (a that they told Captain
Roberts, that fix years before, there were but two
mules on the ifland. However, they began to breed
them again. They had a great dciire to trade with the
Englilu, and would refcrvc their cummoditict for
thcin i faying, *' That notwitliftandiiig the prohi-

bition above-mentioned, yet they would fell their cot-
ton cloths to them, in cafe they would trade thither.
The chief and only man for trade, when Roberts
was here, was Captain Thomas Snntee 1 but tlicro
was not one on the ifland, who could either fpeak or
underdand Eiiglifti.

St. Philip's has but few places to anchor at, and
but two where a (liip can riJc ; for excepting at the
Villa la Ghate, and two or three other places, the
whole coaft is fuch fteep, high, rocky clitfs, that there
is no getting up to it. Captain Roberts failing from
the Fuarno, in St. John's, got over to St. Philips,
falling to the windward of the Villa, and r;in down
till he came to Fonte de Villa, a f.iiiJy bay ; thence
proceeding along fliorc, he doubled the point of Nucltra
Singora, another fandy hay ; am! anchored a little to
the northward of the cliurcli. Here captain Thomas
Santee came down with the hoi fc of the ifland, by
order of the governor, who was alarm'd at tho au-
thor's arrival. A little lower duwii he ran his boat
into the bay of Laghatc.

Fonte de Villa is the moft noted road, which is op-
poflte againll the town, and is fanily., except when 3
ftrong north wind blows, which at particular I'eafuns
fweeps away the faiid, and loaves the rocks at bottom
bare : and then it is not fo fafe riding as about the
fandy bay of Nucftra Signora, which is to the fouth-
wardofthe town, to the foutliward of which, on the
clifF, (lands the church of Nuclira Signora: From
whence the bay and point took their name. This
church appears fomething like a barn : The outfide
of the walls were feemingly as white as if they had
been juft white-walhed , and the roof was covered
with red pantiles. At the point, there is good riding
with a northerly wind ; and better, when the true
north-eaft or north-sa(l by-north trade-winds blow,
being clean and fandy at bottom, except when a
fouthcrly wind blows (Irong, or fomctimcs by a fouth-
erly fea, which now and then runs here in the months
ofJune,July, Auguft, and September, when thefewinds
do not reach home to the ifland, although our author
believes they blow in the oflfing, and clear the fand
from the bottom of the rocks, as the northerly wind
and fea do at Fonte de Villa. Moft of the whites,-
with the governor, live in the Villa ; though moft of
them have tfieir country houfes abroad in the country,
on that pjrt of their eftates which they keep in their
own hands, and manage by their flaves, which fupplies
them with food ; and the rents of thofe plantations,
which they let to the blacks, are commonly paid in
cotton cloths. The governor of St. Philip's was a
Portuguefe, and formerly had been governor of a fort
or fa£lory belonging to the king of Portugal, on the
Guinea coaft.

It is to be obfjrved, that the ifland of St. Philip was •
taken by Sir Anthony Shorley, in September 1596,
who was a long while finding a proper place to put in
at, and then could not land his men without extreme
difficulty. The author of the voyage obferves, that
befides water, they got nothing elfe here but infec-
tion.

St. Juan's, or St. John's, which is alfo called
Braven, is fituatcd in the latitude of fifteen degrees^
twenty-tive minutes north, and longitude feven de-
gree,';, two minutes weft, from Cape de Verde ; and
the Villa of St. Philip lies eaft from puarno, about
fix leagues.

This ifland is very high land, the mountains rifing
one above another, like pyramids, yet being io near the
ifland of St. Philip, it feems, in comparilon of that,
to below. It is fertile for pompions, water-melons^
potatoes, bananas, maife, and fclhoon, as .iny of the
Cape dc Verdes, as likewife for cows, horfes, afles and
hogs. Franklin told the author, that the whole
ifland was a barren rock, having only a few clift's of
valleys fpread with a thin coaft of earth, where bana-
nas, pompions, and potatoes grew pretty well. That
they had plenty of fcmoons and wild figs, which fervetl
them as food ; that there grew many papa, and thet^
the planters had maife enough, but they were very

412

VOYAGES OF THE ENGLISH

r»72,i-

III t;!

liizv, which kept thcin very poor j that fomeof the in-
hnhit.uits h:ul cows, horlcs, iitllsiiiul hoj^s j ol which
liill iiiiciiallv they hail nmlt piciitv, bccnuli; tluv Itl-
iloniiiii.ll any, except their public tiafls: iiiid that
there hail been j confulerablc iiiiniher of wild goats ;
but nii'll ip(' ihcni Here ilcllioynl.

Ihe privilege of killing tluTc is entirely rcCervcd
to the i';t>v(Tn<ir. This was dune to prtvcnt the breed
trnni biin;; dcllfoyid. None -..re allowed to keep
luiiuiiic;-il(ij;s Ik.-c but the caiilldors, who are liccnCed
by the go\Lrii"r. ^VIn.■rl tht- governor has a mind to
iiiaki. a gt-niral hunt, all the iflanders arc (umnioned,
and all the hiiiiting-dogs arc got tofjctlur : th«>(e' are
bctwciii ;i beagle and a greyhound, but fliofter K-iiged,
lind clunilicr, with large (lappint; tars. After the
chacc, tiny meet all t<v',ithcr, ami the governor parts
foiticof the veniloii aniung thiir. as he pleales, (eiul-
in;; home the relt ; which he altcrwards dlltributes
iiiiiiMij; the old and ncce/litoiis j as aUo fome of the
(kins, rcl'irving the icmaiuJcr for the lord of the
foil.

The (Icfli of the gcits, as well ai the other cattle
of St. Julin's, is veiy lean, for the author wanting
tallow to pay the feanis of his boat, the goicrnor
; w ho iiiciurageel the woik) caufed a geniral hunt
to be mad ■, in order to fupply him therewith. On
this occafion finvgoats were killed, wliiih however,
(it btinp a bad liafon) yielded only four or five
poui-.iis i>f tillow, anil tliat not clear of (kin.

'J'he iilaiid .ibouiius moil with faltpctie, of anv of
the Cape Veide i(l.ind> : and the governor oH'ered to
ptucure Rob.-rts a caigoe fuificient to loail with it,
a ligcii r lloop than that 1 k-ft there, (which was of
fixty ions.) It prows in fever, il eaiihy c.i\ts there,
covcriiit; al! the inhde like a thick hoar fruit, and in
lonie places like icicles i alli> in fome hollow rock
ih'.y liani; in (Iriiig^ as thick as a man's thumb.

I'rcin (ome experiments made on certain m
water?, Roberts concluded that the jjlaee abi uiiJed
with cop|Kr. And one time climbing the loiks on
the finith (idc of the illand, he perceived a rock which
at a diltaiicc glitteri-d in the tun like buniilhid g<-ld :
and n< ar to it, looked us if it \^ as all thick gilt.
He luhbtd his hand n!,;;inft it but nothing came off;
p.nd when he fcrapcd it with a knife, iougd it (o thin
tli.'t he couM fcarce coIlei^> any of it. He obfcrvcd
the reck underneath of a blackifh colour ; 4;id that it
was gilt only where the water run down from the
mountains w ben it rained. Seeing another rock which
glittered with golden fpangles, he went, and found
it full of gold fibres, fome as fine as hairs, and others
as thick as an ordinary needle. With his knife he
picked out near a diachm weii^ht, which was folid
c;iild, as far as he could pirccive bv the eye. He got
oil': lilllc bit like a fmall flatted wire, about half an
inch lohg, by cutting and raifing the end u]i. Not
f>cin.!; able to yet any more out of the rock, the vein
1 mining lUeper in, he was forced to break it off, by
ben. ling it backwards three or four times ; ami break-
ing hill knile with the experiment, he defifted, and
cair.c down arrain to his black mates, without taking
notice to th'.ii of what he had feen. However, a lit-
tle b-forc 1k' kit the illand, he told the governor of
it ; but avoiil'il !;oing to (liow it him, and as it never
vas obfeived by any of the natives, he quedions
whether thev ever found it. Here one meets with
the B.ur de'Orre, alre.uly nKntionnl, but not in
(uch i|u.uuit!es, though altogether glittering, and of
a golden alpeet.

Here is plenty of (iflies, cfpecially about the little
idands ; where alfo fome tortoifc refort at the feafon
for laviiig their egss ; but they are not much regarded
f(n- food here, any more than at St. I'hilip's or St.
(ago, and yet at all tha other idands they are ac-
i ouiiled tlu'ir molt d,licinus food: as Roberts fays,
indeed they arc. Anglin'j wasthcchiif cm|)lnvment
of the native' : th it fur this reafon tliev milled no
opportunitv of wrecks, or when (hips touched there,
to procure .uid five all the bits of iron wire, and the
like, they cuuld meet .with, and that there was
7

an old man, a n.itivc of St. Philip's, upon this ifland,
who had a hammer and three or four (lies, with which
and the help of charcoal, made of the wild fig-tree, he
could bungle up a (iih-hopk out of an old nail, for
which in exchange he had anotVier nail, and a pre-
ftnt of fi(h, fiom fuch as had plenty of them. He ad-
ded, that the fi(h were fo eager, that a crooked nail
would take them.

Almolt all the fifli thc-cabouts, have large anil
(harp teeth, rather like ra\enous land animals, th.'ii
the fi(h on the coaft of Knjjland : fo that the inha-
bitants take care to hook them in the mouth, to pre-'
vent their cutting their lines, as they do in cafe they
fwallow their hook : their baits arc crabs, limpets, or
any other rock "lell fi(h i and when tlicy catch a fi(h,
they make a bait of that ; but crab is the furcrt, — As
Roberts often went out upon this fport, he had an op-
portunity of feeing how the natives got their fait,'
which he obfcrvid was made by the heat of the fun,
on the fea water lying in holes among the rocks, fome
thrown up by the fpring, others filled at high water,
which if not too deep, wotild be all turned to fait be-
fore the next tide. He had fecn it even two feet thick
of fait, and to the quantity of four bufhcls, in a cavity
not abo\c live or fix yards Iquare.

'I'he natives ufcd to get the fait Urtt, antl then
gut, fplit, and put it in heaps all night, in the,
morning fjireading them in the fun to dry, and they
were ready to diels whenever they wantqd, which was
feldom oftener than once a day, towards night when
thi-y had done filhing. At the moft ufual fi(hing-
plnce, they generally left an earthen-pot, for they
boiled their fiih for the fake of the broth, which they
liked better than any made of fledi.

Kormcrlv a great deal of ambergrcafe was found'
about this illand, but very little at prefent. Roberts
was told, timt about 30 years before, one Juan Car-
neira, a I'ortucuefe, who was baniflied from Li(bon,
for fome crime, having got a little (loop, traded among
the idands, and lighted on a piece of amljcrgreali?,
of almoff an incredible bigneli, with which fie not
only procured his liberty to return before the term of'
his exile was expired, but purchafed a plentiful cftatc,
and that the rock (between the two iflands) near to
which he found it, is at prefent called by his name, —
Captain Roberts tells us, the number of the inhabi-
tants did not amount to 2C0 fouls. The natives are
blacks, and the moft innocent and harmlefs, as well
as ignorant and (uperftitious, of all the iflands.

While the author lay fick here, they fupplicd
him with all kind of necelTarics ; every day fome
or other of the inhabitants would come and fee
how he was, and feldom or ever without a fowl,
or fome fruit for him. The governor himfelf ufed
to vifit him almoft daily, and cveiy two or three
(lays would fend him a quarter of a wild goat, a fide
or a whole one. All this time he was lodged by one
of the chief inhabitants, and when he was rcct)vered,
lie found fifty-one fowls left of the prefents which
had been made him.

Fi(h, as we have obfcrvcd, makes a great part of
their food, efpecially the broth, which they look on
as the beft diet in a feaver. They make bread calleit
calkus, of Indian corn pounded and boiled over the
the ffeam of frrfli water, to a pudding ; then cut in
pieces and dried in the fun. The author reprefents '
the natives as equally ingenious and good naturcd.

The ifland has not been peopled above two centu-
ries. It was for feveral years inhabited only by two
black families, till about the year 1680; a famine
raging at St. Philip's, fome of the poorer fort of
negros got ;hemfelves wafted over to the ifland of
St. John, by a Portuguefc (hip. Thefe werejoyfully
received by their fellow blacks, who having much
increafed the (lock of goats, cows, and elpecially
hogs, which the Portugucfe had placed on all the
id.inds when they firft difcovercd them; and under-
flanding that the new comers were brought hither by
the Portuguefc, purely to prevent their being (farved,
freely offered to loaa their diip with hogs, as a

reward

■MMMM

I7231

TO THE CAPE VERDE ISLANDS

reward for their charity. This drought Co thinned
their ht.gSi that finding, by the time the Ihip \^us
loaded, there were but few left, they caught the re-
mainder, killed fome, and tamed the red. For the
St. Philip's blacks foon introduced the notion of pro-
perty, fo that he who could kill, catch, or tame
moft, had mod, by which means all the cattle on the
ifland foon became divided among them, except the
goats, which Hill remain wild, but arc claimed as the
property of the lord of the foil, as arc all the wild
goats or , .'le other iflands. Thefe new comers
taught thJ .eft to fpin cotton, which ^rew naturally
there, and to make cotton cloaths of it to wear, they
going quite naked before, as moft of the ncgros on
the Guinea coaft do. They had likewife informed him,
in convcrfation, of the principles and notions, as far
as they knew themfelves, of the Romifli religion ; a
prieft from St. Philip's pcrfeftcd the work of their
converflon.

Here, as in all thefe iflands, the people are pcrfuaJed,
that whatever is given to the priells, is given to God,
unlefs they dedicate it to fomc faint, on whom, in
fuchcafe, they think they lay an obligation to (land
their friend, and for whom all the pricfts are alfo the
receivers, as well as for God.

The governor of this ifland is judiciary, and de-
cides the little differences that arife among the natives,
and if they arc refraAory, can fend them to prifoii,
which is an open place, like the pound for cattle in
England, only a ftick laid acrofs the entrance ferves
for a gate.

" Here, fays the author, thefe innocent crimi-
nals will (lay without attempting to get out, unlefs
very rarely, in which cafe the prifon-breaker, when
caught again, is tied hand and foot, and a ccntincl
fet over him, and remains in prifon till he has fatis-
fied his antagonift, and a(ked the governor's pardon,
who can keep him in hold during pleafure. This is
the whole extent of the eovernor's power, even in
ca(eof iD'jrder : however, tnc delinquent's friends are
bound tor his appearance, when a proper judge Ihall
come from Portugal : but this had never happened, as
far as could be learned. Sometimes for a fmall crime,
cfpccially if he be an elderly perfon, he is only con
fined to his own, or fome other houfe, which is
reckoned a great favour : for to be imprifoned is
fuch afcandal, that Tyburn itfelf is hardly fo much
dreaded by thecriminals in England. The governor
of St. John's, in 1722, was named Leuonal Gonfalvo,
and was made filch by Thomas Santce, the procura-
dorof this ifland.

The author obferves, this ifland has but one eood road,
and that is rather diificult of entrance. " Here, fays
he, it is beft mooring with abft alhore, and not to
fwing, but have a fmall hawfer afhore, from the (lern
to the northvrard. In cafe a velTel happens to come
from the eafiward, to this ifland, (he muft take care
not to run about to the fouth end of St. Philip's ;
for then, with a common trade wind, (he cannot
fetch the Fuarno, and hardly any point of the ifland.
On the north fide is another bay, called Faciende, de
Agna, known by the banana trees, no valley but this
being vifible from the fea. The bay has a (hingly
beach, and yeSMs may anchor near the middle, to-
wards the north fide in eight, nine, and 10 fathoms,
clean ground and a fre(h running water almoft down
to the beach. Farther down to the leeward on the
fouth-weft fidc.of the ifland, about a fmooth, low
point, but rifing high fuddenly, is the Farrier bay,
which is a double one, a high rock, dividing in two
the beach, which is large pebbles, looking at a dif-
tance like (hingles. This is a good bay, with a fmooth
landing-place, and a lake or bafon of fre(h water be-
hind the eaftermoft beach, which is condantly fed by
the water from the mountains. This bay all over is
clean ground, in fome places fand, but generally a (liff
ooze, or clay, and commonly the fea runs fmooth on
the beach.

There it a rock, on the north-weft fide, to
which you may put the boat t and it would be a
Vot. I. No. 36.

good riding place, wciv it iiol inrii.-' Itmnj. flow*
which come down the v.illeys, which luppcn nvilUy
in November, December and January, aii.l idmic K>
violent, if there be a gale ot wind, that a fliipcan
not tuin into it, or always (lay there at anchor, if
(he be in, as happcneil once to n Pcrtugutfe vellel ;
nor is the road fufe in tlic rains anJlhittiiig wind fe.i-
fon$, when the fouth-ead and fouth'Wtd winds, to
which it lies open, bring in a great lea, enuuj^h, it
drone;, to drive a fl>ip on (liorc. For the red ut' thr.
year it is good riding here i and in fine weather, cf-
pccially March, April and iMay, you havca fuuthcrly
fea-brcczc in the cvenin^^, and land breezes all night,
and till ten in the morning. 7'his road is mod uled,
very few being ac(]uainted with h'uarno. Sciu is u
fine fandy bay, and difHcult to come into, and with-
out any water. There is likewife dc ."lal Puint Bay,
where , Roberts loll his (hip. I'hc red uf the bays
here arc fcarcely worth notice.

St. NicnolAs (or San Nicholao) is the longeft
u( all the Cape de Verde iflands, except St, Jago.
Ilka Parta Paraghifi lies from Palmora,in the ifleof du
Sal, fouthcrly, about 30 leagues, and in north lati-
tude 16 degrees 45 minutes, and wed longitude fix
degrees 5a minutes, from Capj Verde.

Tnis ifland is modly high land, the highed being .t
flat fugar-loaf-lii(c mountain, terminating at top with
a rounding, not a (Iiarp peak. It is called Monte
Gourda, and lies on the north-weft fide, but a good
way up in the land, and may be feen on any fide of
the ifland at nine or ten leagues didance. Ihccoad:
of this ifland is fo clear from rocks and (hoals, that
a (liip may run along from the eaft point, till within
half a league of the fouth-wed point, within call o£
thefhore: yet, in the (hifting-wind feafon, no road
on this ifland is good or fafe } nut when the true trade
wind is fettled, there are three or four indifferent
ones. That which is near the town is Paraghifi,
where there is a bay, in which veilels may ride off,
fingle, or moored, the wind always blowing from the
Ihorc, or may haul into the cove of Paraghifi, an4
moor between four land-fads.

The next is the road of Porto Lappa, which one
cannot mifs finding, becaufe it is in the very midft of
the great bite, on the fouth fide of the ifland : the
ground here is foul, and feveral anchors have been
lod by the cables being cut with the rocks. To the
eadward of Porto Lappa, about half way between
that and t' : eaft point of the ifland, is the road of
Currifal, here is a river of frefh water, clofe to the
beach. ry commodious for watering. Thebeft an-
chor' .^ is to theeaftward of the beach, almoft (hort
in. 1 hen you area-breaftof Patra de Looma, or the
Firy Rock, over which, being funk flat, the fea al-
ways breaks, whence the author fuppofes it has its
name.

This road is not fo convenient for trading, be-
ing 16 or 18 miles from the town, and the way rocky,
with many high and deep afcents and defcents.

The road moft rcforted to, is Terrafal (or Trefal) on
th? weft fide of the ifland : it is beft known by the
great boats of the natives, fome of which are always
hauled up on (horo there. A high, (harp, rocky point
rifes near a quarter of a mile (hort of the fca-iide, in
which fpace it is low, fandy, and in fome places
(hingly ground, the(hore being a pebbly beach. On
each fide of this point is a very deep gully, out of
which come violent gufts of wind ; and therefore
when it blows a ftrong gale, it is hard to turn up
into this bay. Toavoid thefe flaws, veffels muft an-
chor jud againft the point, between the gullies,
where they may ride very eaiy under its Ice, in from
16 to three fathoms. Water is to be had here by dig-
ging a well, almoft any where on the low land, ex-
cept the rainy feafon has failed. But there is always
good water in a valley about half a mile from the
fea, from whence the natives will bring it down. The
townbelonging to St. Nicholas, is the moft populous
and mod complcat of any on all the iflands, and al-
though not built fo large, nor the walls cemented with
S O lime

4'4

V O Y A O E 3 OF I 11 K F. N G f. I S U

limcornioit.tr, as tlic li miles of ihc city of St. J.igo
wcic, iidr covcrcil, nut i-»cn ihc church, with any
thing luit i;rai< thatih \ yi f, fur number of houfes, in
well m regular lfrii-t<!. It latlicr ixcrcils that rity i but
lomc time ai;i'. Captain Avery, the pirate, toucliing
here, ilie inli.ihitants lonir way ilifguucd him fo, that
liehurned their town.

'I'hc inhnbitantf, acconling to Captain Roberts,
wcrfcoinpmeil to be about 2,000 fouls before the fa-
mine, but when he was there, he fays tluy iliti n.ot
txeeeil above ij or 140-^. They have inoftly an Ku-
lojiean Ponugiiefe prielt, and it is as much r.<; he canilo
fome times to manage them. Tluy arc bl.ickr, or
copper-coloured, with fri/y.lcd hair, except a f^w of
the French race, left there by the pirate, Maraugh-
*in, and three old I'ortiigiicle, and two or three old
women.

The women here arc by far more Iioufcwiftly and
ingenious at their needles, than in tltc ot'ier illamls.

I'hcy are alfo more niodclj, nivi 1 .Tpj-aiing out of
tlicii houlcs, nor within bare before ((rangers, as is
common at St. John's, and e.vcrnt when they are
abroad planting, vecdinj, or r;athiring in their har-
vift, they are always at'their' needles or fpinnine,
it tJRv iiave any totton. The heft Portuguefe is
fpokcii hero of .ill in the Cijic Verde iHands, and
ns the natives refmiMe the Portuguefe mod in their
';!n^u.ige, fo are they like the vulvar fort of that na-
tion, errant thie\cs to ttr.ingers, and very dangerous
when they like an antipathy. Some who came on
board Captain Roberts's floop, when ujion this coall
Ml 1-11, and ftole .ill his liquor, may be produced as
.in inftance; for h.ivin3 obferved the place from
whence the boy broujiht a bottle of rum, which he
fcnt for to treat them, they made bold, feeing only
llinfe two belongiiig to the (hip, to fetch it them-
f'.'lves, though Roberts forbade them, faying, that
the [lift they could cxpe<!f, was to participate of
what w.t; in the vrflll ; «nd that he (hewed himfelf
very ungrateful as well as niggardly, to think n^uch
of any thing thc'v ifiuld e.it and drink that was on
board. At lad, tluy li.id the alTur.tncc to tell him,
that the Hoop and rvri) thing that was in her, was as
much theirs as his, fince he was in diflrefs, and muft
certainly have perifticd if they had not come from (hore,
and brought him and his boy fomc water ; which
after -all, w.is falfc, Roberts being then fafu at
anchor, and as for the water, tliey had drank it all
themfclves.

Capt.iin Roberts obferves, that there afc the fame
fort of fands and ftones here as at St. John'», and
the natives have a tradition, that there is filver and
l^old m ihcm, but cannot tell how to cxtraft it ;
however, it is to be met with here only in a few
places, but at St. John's almoft every whtn.

There is good nitre alfo on this iflaiid, and bcur
d'ore,' but not in fuch quantities or fo c;li;ieriiig, as
what is to be met with at St. Jago, or St. Jcliii's.

The foil, according to Robert";, is fruitful for
m.iifi ; and the beft fcihoon on all the Cape Verde
illmds li.; fays is here, both white an^l black, likcwifc
plantanes, bananas, poinpions, water and mufk
melons, lui'.uMS, limes and oranges, fwcct and four,
tliey h..\e a few fugar-cancs, of which they make
moloircs. They have vinci alfo, of which they make
a tartifh wine.

This ifl.iiid WJ^ or.ce very full of dragon-trees,
which, wluiicut at a proper llaf.m, yields the gum
railed f.iii^uii ilia>'inii, much ultd in medicines.

They have a way of cutting 1. If the branches, and
boiling them in water, from which, they have an
art to fepar.tte the gum ; but it is not near fo clear,
iiiir he believes, fo good as the other lort. It is a
loofc grained wood, and hollow in the middle, the
cavity going tapciing upwards, fomcthiiig like the
bore of u pi.mp. Hut when the pirate Avery had
buined tiicir town, for want of other wood, (mod of
th;ir w ild tlg-treis, tl.c only wood fit for th.it ufe,
having b;cn d;lltoy-d in building their boats) they
were forced to cm down the dra^'oti-trces to roof their

hoiifLS again I and moft of them liflvltr; chambers,
thcv floored them with the' bonrdv of ihis wood;
which made t fr> fcarce, that Captain Roberts
quedions whether above twenty or thirty pounds of
gum might be made yearly on this ifland.

They h.rd great plenty of goats, hoes and fowlsy
before the late famine, whicli although it held there
but three years, yet, while it laftcd, was fevercr
tli:'.n in any of the other iflands. For St. Nichola*
having but littte trade, as it aftbrded no commodity
for foreigners, but ailcs, which are likewil'e common;
to other lUandi, they are fcldom vifited by more th.itf
one or two (hips in a year ; and there not bcini; f"
gre-t a demand for tho(e animals of late, in the Weft
Indies as fomictty, they fometimcs have not h:id a
(h\. for two years, which has obliged them to be mere
indudrious than anv of ihtir neighoours.

It ufed to ahouna moft with wild ^"ats, as well .ill
cows, which all belonged to the land proprietor.
but this was before the famine had diminilhed their
dock ; for fince that, the people fird ate their own
hogs and tame goats, and afterwards deftroyed the
proprietor's dock of cows and wild goats } fo that
when the author was Lift upon this idand, thtre were
not above forty head of great cattle, and the dock of
wild goats was fo diminilhcd, that the governor told
him, it would not be worth while to lend a (hip for
the (kins this three years to come.

Captain Roberts carried over to it, in his boar,
a vcarling heifer, from Bona Vifta, (which Captain
Manuel Domingo bcdowcd on him to kill on board
for food) and would have given it to his- landlord,
Nicolau Gonfalvo : but the then governor would not
let him keep it, under pretence that the lord of the
foil had referved the liberty of kcepitig cows folely x6
himfelf; but, in reality, becaufh he was related to
his prctlecefTor, whom he did not lifce. Roberts
therefore made a prefcnt of it to a relation of the
governors, who, after making fome difficulty, al-
lowed him to keep it, under colour, that !t| was tp
be kept for the ailthoV agairift he came .t^iii. '

The natives u»ak'e Cloaths of cottoji, and button^
to imitate almoft every pattern (hewn them. They
knit cotton dockings, tan goat and c0w-hidcs, and
make tolerable (hoes, bcfidcs the bed cloths and cot-
ton quilts of all the illands, wrhlth' atb' too 'good fur
the Guinea trjide. But as thty do well for that of
Brafil, the Portugucic trfcd to tbuch hCfe fuT thclti,
but the drought made that comhioility fcarcfcr! The
chief trade (cemcd to befortuVtIej tlic Inhablt.-lnts
being much addiAcd to catch them, as wc|l as 'fil-
ing. This they mbftly did In their boiits at tl'.e
iflands of Chaon, Branca, St. Lucia, and St. Vin-
cent, being the only people Who built and ufcd bdit.'.
in thcfe iflands. Thev fold 'their fifti (br reaify. mo-
ney, or what elfc they itood in tvetd of ; and the Por-
tuguefe, who tr.-idcd with them for cloths and guilts
to carry to Brafil as well as Portiignl, ufcd often to
pay cam for them, not having fucn commodities as
picafed the inhabitants. 'rhcTc latter were g(?ncralljr
fupplicd by the Eiiglilh and FrintJh who traded thi-
ther J and either exchanged their goods for affes, or
fold them for money, till the latter, as well as com-
modities, decreafcd them. The old .Vlarquis ('eS
IVIinhas was formerly the lord projlrietor tf tlui
iflaiVd, St. Lucia, St. Vincent, and St. Antoiiie :
but after his death, the king refumed the th:-«.= 'iifi.
into his own hands, the latter only bting the hui.-
ditary cdate of that nobleman.

Chaon, St. Branca and St. Lucia, arc three
iflands deditute of cither inhabitant; or water, ami the
ftwofiril of cattle. Theifland,or raihrrthcrpclvC'h^rii,
.'ies from Tcrrafal wed by north about three le.igui!,.

Ilha Branca (orBlanca) White Idand, is .1' high,
deep rock, lying lengthways call- 1101 ih-cr,f;, aiul
wed-north-wed about two or three mil. 5. The !;t.
Nicholas inen come here as well as to ilie lo.-i.d to Hfli.
On the fouth fide there is a phico where boits m:iy
ride, but lb dangerous, when it blows from thu (tvong
flames thn come down the rock-;, that the St. Ni-
cholas

iVll

1 () THE C A P E V r. R 15 F, ISLAND

4"»

cli il.n nitn '•ire I Mft to rcfort tliilhcr, though there
in 1(1 |;i><)<l hlhiiiv; :il)inic it. I'hc author ru|ip(j|'i.s it
took the njmc Irom a vi-in ot white rocks, wliiih
riiiis uiid':r the higli, dark, rocky lariil on the I'outh
fiilc, and appears iit a diltaiice like white I'and-hills.
Kctwfcn this and St. Lucia tlicie is broken ground,
wit'i fcvcral rocks ahove or under water. This
ifl.uid prnducr* the guana, a creature in Ihape like
» li/uril, well known in the Will Indies, but (uund
on no other of the Cape Venle Iflands.

St. Lucia lies three or tour leagues weft-nortli-
tveft from the north-weft part of Si. Nicholas.
Tlitre is a ^ood clean, fandy bay on the fouth-wcft
fide, and another on the fouth-e.ill fide. The irtand
produces goats and afles, but no inhabitants. The
channel between this and St. Vincent is very foul,
and fo full of rocks, that it is ai unfafe to venture
through it as the former.

St. V'incrnt on the north-cad fide is low and
Tandy: but the rclt is moftly high land, with fandy
hays, and fevcral roads to anchor at : one of thcfe is
iialiia des Cihal, is on the north fide i it goes in
nortli-ealf, between two low, fandy paints j and the
water is fo fmooth, that a vcflc-l may be fafe on Qiorc :
but it is fo diincult to conic out with a trade wind,
which blows right into the bay, or r.ithcr fmall gulph,
that no fhips frequent it. In the north-eaft bay, on
the north-weft fide, over-againft St. Antonio, is
Porto Oraiide, a large bay, where fliips may ride fafe
from all winds in fi\ or feven fathom water, and
anchor any where, for it is all clean fand. It is
cafily known by a hii;li rock, like a tower, oft' the
bay, and clean all round. I'his is called the bay of
St. Vincent ; and the rock or ifland that lies at the
mouth of it, The Sugar-loaf Rock.

Porto San Pedro is a clean bay or a rdad, about
the fouth-wcft point, where vcflcis may anchor in
what depth they pleale, in liindy ground i but it is
hard riding there, unlefs in moderate weather, on ac-
count of the flaws that corne from the valleys. More
turtle and tifli were caught about this illand, than
my of the Cape Verde, except du Sal. Here isalfo
a good ftock of goats and alVes, and almoft as great
plenty of nitre as at St. John's, but not fo good.
I'hc author tried both by tire, and found the firft
always heft, fome fixed fait, but the latter burnt clean
away, except what was generated near the fea-fide.

[ I'hofe of Mr. Genne's fleet who touched at the
firlt port in 1695, caught great numbers of good fith
there : one fort of wnich, called a bourfe, or purfc
was very beautiful, having rays darting round from
its eyes like a glory, and ^ckled all over with hexa-
gonal fpots of a very brieht blue colour. The whole
refrefhmcnt of the St. Jofeph's crew, while Frazcr
was there in 171?., was fifli, of which they took
plenty in the bay : but there is only one creek lying
between two Mttle points towards theeaft-foulh-caft,
where the I'eine can be ufcd ) in other places the
fliore is rocley : but they made amends with the hook.
There are mullets, rock-fiOi, pilchards, grunters,
white-tooths, long-beaks, and another fort which
have a bat's tail, and round fpots all over them. He
dclcribes one which was fix-feet long, and very like
the petinbuabs of firafil. He fays likewife, that
there were fomctimcs taken bourfcs, or purfes defcribcd
by Frogcr. The coafts of this ifland abound with
turtle of dift'erent forts, fome weighing between
three and four hundred pounds weight. 1 hefe crea-
tures lay their eurs on fhore, covering them with the
fand, which alone hatches them in fevcntccn days ;
but it is nine more before the young ones are able to
crawl down to the fea, by which roeajis three fourths
of them become a prey to the birds. I'his ifland is
very mountainous, and has very little freflj water or
wood.

The crew of an Knc^lifh vefl'cl, after being difap-
pointed of water at the rivulet, penetrated a little
farther, and met with fever.il fiilt-marlhcs, and, at
length, upon the I'outh point of the bay, found a lit-
tle gut of water, which ran down from the craggs

to the lla. Tlicy dui; to malie it run ih ■ Iv iter, but
hail nun h troubk' to get it on luianl, the f' a b.ii'j^
very nni ;h, and tl.o' |k"i liellv frtfti watn , yet it tuiiis
in fi'viM ur eight <l,i)s. Almui two huiidrid p.ins from
this tliey got wood, which was a fort of uiiiaiiiiil, c..!y
10 fell, .Old near thi ih.ire. Mr. (jeiiiir-, l.nind abour
iwciit) I'oriujiifcie f.oni .St. Niihohij, I'li the ifle '.'f
St. Vincent, who had been there two uai , tniployel
in tannin}; (kins of i^oat<, with whuh tlu- illaiid
ah.juiids. They have do-s trained up for 111" pur-

iiofe, which kill a dozen or liltccn each every night.
■"ra/1.1 tells us, that they fouiul .it the bay a few tot-
tages, the doors of whiili wire fo low, that there
was nil going in but upon all fours ) all the liitnituiit
here was only fonic leather bu,l[jtts and tortoifilhclhj
which fervcd for fe.its, and vefl'cis for holding; water.
The black inhabitants had quitted tlieni on fight of
the French, though they put out Lnj;lifl> colours.
They faw two or three of them ft;irk naked in the
wtxxls, but could not come to fpcak to them.]

They found no game there, not fo much as a bcaff,
except wild afl'cs and goats on the mountainv, hard to
come at : fome few pintadoes, and no other birds.
The foil is fo barren it produces no fruit, only in thu
valleys there arc fome little tufts of taniaiind-trces,
befidcsafcw cotton and lemon trees : However, theie
were fome curious plants, as the tythinullus, arbo-
refccns, or branched fpurge ; the male fouthern-
wood, of a moft fweet fcent, and a very beautiful
green, a yellow flower, and the Hem of it has no
leaves ; the Palma Chrifti, or Ricinus Amcricanus,
called Pillcrilla by the Spaniards in Peru : the feed of
it is cxatflly like the Indian pine-apple kernel : ia
Paraguay they make oil of it. They found lioufe-
leck of levcral forts, fome of which had thick round
leaves like a hazle nutj coloquintida apples, limo-
nium maritimum very thick; lavender without any
fcent, dog-grafs, lie. And near the little rock was
found very good ambergreafc, ibme of which the Por-
tuguefe had fold to French fliips, particularly the St<
Clement.

St. Anthony lies in 17 degrees 19 minutes north
latitude and eieht degrees two minutes weft longitude
from Cape Verde. It is both the weftern .and nor-
thern of all the Cape Verde iflands. It is a very
high ifland, and conlidcring the very high mountains
and low valleys, it contains as much ground, or ra-
ther rocks, as St. Jago, and has plenty of ftcih wa-
ter-brooks. There are in St. Anthony but two ports
or roads where fliips anchor ; the bcft, called Terra-
fals, is to the fouth-wcft end. It is a fandy b.ty,
and aft'ords ^ood riding; the way from thence to the
town, and inhabited parts of the ifland, is fo very
long as well as diflicult, that a fliip might lie there a
long time undifcovered by the inhabitants. The
other is a fandy coaft rather than bay, called Pray.i
Simune, it aff'ords no flieltcr from the wind, which
generally blows ftrong through the channel between
St. Anthony and St. Vincent; fo that a fliip is often
forced from her anchor before flie can finilh tra-
ding. However, it is tolerable good riding in fine
weather and light winds, as well as pretty fnicoth
landing. About half a league to the northward of
the- Chappie, near the Village, there is a little bay or
cave, called Rivera des Trafo, where a boat may lie.
It has a very good quay to land or load at, the water
being fmooth, and is fhcltered by the north -weft
point : there is alfo a flream of frcfh water, and wooJ
enough in the valley. The plenty of ilrcams that
water this ifland, fcrtilifc the v.dlcys io, that St.
Anthony yields to none of the Cape V^ercle idands,
for niaife, kflioons, bananap, plaiitanes, potatoes,
pompions, water and niufk-meioiis, oranges, itnions,
limes, guara's, &c. and the grcaielt oV wine. A
great deal of indigo grows here, and feveial great
plantations are walled in and cultivated. The in-
digo flirub (or plant) grows foniething like broom,
but not fo large, having fmall, pale, green leaves,
very juicy, in form refemblin^ that of box. Thcf<;
leave* are ftripjied off in Odlobcr or November, and

pounds 1I

■*''

/.i:'*

4»»

VOYAGES OK TfiE ENGLISH

('■»|

poiinHcd inin |iip, which, when made up into cakri
nr ba)li, changes in ilying, from green (u a daik
blue.

Cotton |iUnt;Uion< nre likcwifo eultivnteJ, ind
clo.lth^ ni:idc lor the owner*. The cor'-m flirub
^lowi .ihout tlir li/e ot a rofe-hiilj), hut Ipre-uls
more. 'rhrliMvcn iiri- of a griif* green, tbimihing lilie
tliiife of fpinii.i;_;f, but broader aiul Cnio'ither ; tin'
flivver* are iif 11 |);ilc yellow, wliich, ultti they b!»w
aw.iy, art fucceeded liy round podi, incli.fui:; trie cot-
ton, romiiioiiiy in three c;ivilic«, wherein aie alfo
rnnliiined the ficdj, whirh arc black, and of an oval
form, .iikI in liie iiiucIi about the bigncliiof a Krrnch
kidiiry-b<:in.

The v.nllcys in this ifland arc very woody. The
dragnu trees .iie very nunicrnu<i, fo that the dragon'j
blood \i prodiircd ill j^rcal quantitie;.

Th-y linve ili'es luul hcgs, which are very large, «»
Well as pUnty ol them, and .1 jiumeroin (toclc of
cowsj tifidc-ithf mountains .nrc crowded with wild
|»oat». ()nnn;of the mountains l» found a liaolpa-
rent ftonr, called hv the natives, Top.iz ; but whe-
ther the true topaz or not, the author could not tell.
The Portugueic of this, like the reft of the Cape dc
Verde iflands, arc all of a dark fwarlhy colour, hut
yet a good-natured fort of people, and very fociable.
Captain Roberts obferved, that this ifland was then
made a kind of florchoiife for (laves. He fu|ipofes
that wh."'i the I'or'.ugud'c had the Spanifli trade, the
then Marquis des Minlia.i, whofe htieditarv eilalc it
was, ordered a cargo of ncgros to he hroiipht from
Guinea, and placed there, »ho were fupplied at his
cxpence, till they could maintain themfelvus by plant-
ing, which they foon learned from the free blacks in-
habiting there before. Thefc Have', (fays lie) in-
creafcd lo faft, that, notwithftnnding the great num-
bers of them who have been tranfported bill li ti I'or-
ttigal and Krafil, by the marquis's order, they make
four fifths of the inhabitants. They have plantation',
houfes, wives, &c. as the free blacks have, and fome
of the br(f places arc cultivated by them for cotton,
indigo, lie. which are all wrought by thnn, under the
infpedlion and management of afte^ard (or overfccr)
placed there by the marquis. He is generally an Eu-
ropean Portuguefe, and has the title of Capiteen
Moore.

Thus they are divided Into two parties, and very
often dilTerence happens between them, which fome-
timet end in blood-flied. The free blacks valuing
themfelves upon their freedom ; and the (laves telling
them they are only tenants at will, and in a worfe con-
dition than themfelves, as being liable to be turned
off the iiland, without knowing where to go, and
will therefore be ncccfTitated to yield themfelves (laves
whenever called upon."

St. Anthony is a good place for taking in provifions,
they being very plentiful here. [Froger obferves, that
fending their canoe from the bay of St. Vincent to St.
Anthony's for provifions, the men went to (bme
country houfcs near the road, where they got lomi
fowls, with plenty of fruits, fuch as figs, grapes,
bananas, oranges, and water-melons. A few days
after, they fent again, by direiftion of the inhabitants
(who promifed to give notice of their coming) and
brought from hence 1200 fowls, 100 pigs, and above
25 beeves, and a great quantity of fruit, for which
they bartered old linen, be^ds, fmall looking-glaiTes,
ribands, knives, and fome other trifles : thefc the
iflande-j preferred to money, becaufe but few fliips
toucfi there) and even the king of Portugal, to whom
the profits and produce of the iiland belong, does not
fentf for three years together fomctimcs to fetcn them
home.]

Captain Roberts, from whofe account the chief
part of thisdefcriptionof the Cape Verde ifles is taken,
ftems to have been a man of fenfe and ingenuity.^
When here he found no likelihood of getting a paflage
home from the ifland of John, he applied to the go-
vernor to let him have an old boat of his to fit up,
for going over to St. Philip's, offering to be the car-

penter himfelf, and to find naiU and fails ( tin. iirik
he I .ul laved out ol the wreck of his (loop, and the
latter he prnpofed to make out of his iib : but (he
boat having now lain above two years on the dry land,
.-ind being lallcn in a manner to pieces, as well as lui-
len, the governor, out of regard for his fufc'ly, would
not grant him his rcqueft, allrdgini; the danger ol the
chnmiel between the two illaiids, uon> violent WinJs
.ind Itrong rui rents. He told him, however, that .f
heundeiltood how to build a velFcl, he might build
one new, large, and llrong, there being wood enough
on the ilinnd, and that he did not doubt but all the
inhabitants likcwifc would allift him ai m^ch as ihay
were capable off : faying, that ihty would do all the
laborious work, while he and Franklin might lieem-
ployid in that part only, which l/itir ingenuity he
faid could not reach to. He .iddcd, that befides the
adz, which Roberts Caved, they had three or four
liatrhrr<, and that they could handle them fo as locut
down ti:>-lrees, fplit and hew boards out of them, and
he engaged to fupply him nith boards and limber
enoui;h, of any fort he would have. " My brother,
continued the governor, who has Ixren at St. Jago,
is a good carpenter, he can work very well, and makes
almol) ;'ll our doors on the ifland, and hiai briidet
made (tools for the priefls, which alfo feveral othcii
intheillaiul can do j nnd the chairs which yo(i have
(sen at the prieli's houfe (hews he is a workman."

Roberts telling him he was afraid he (hould not have
nails enough (Tiaving only (ix or fevcn thnufand
broken and whole, befiJes a great many large (pikes,
fome bolts, and other iron-work they had fiivcd) the
governor laid he was tl>c belt judge in that cali; j but
that if he wanted, he might inffruiii the old farrier,
who was alfo ingenious ot himfelf, to forge fome out
of the old iron. But fiiff, he would have the author
promife to make a bi at large enough to carry hiia
over the channel of St. Philip's fafely, without tnf
danger, and that he tlioughr, could not be le^
than twice the fizc, at leall, of his own boat.—
Roberts faid, that to make a boat twice the length,
breadth, and depth of his, would be to make one a
great many times bigger than his boat i but he couM
not any way convince his excellency how that wai
polTiblc.

They now took a general furvey of the iflanil,
to (ind what tools were on it (it for thcoccafion. They
muftered up three fmall hatchets, a thing like a
butcher's cleaver, two gimblets, one about the fi7e
of a twenty-penny nail, the other a very large gim-
blet, with a I'mall pin-mall, one claw hammer, aiul
one like a cobler's hammer, and a double-headed liam-
mer, about three pounds in weight, over and abme
what the fmith had.

All the inhabitants wei« now fiimmoned to meet
before the governor's houfe, who made a fpeech to
them, fetting forth the caufe (or which they met, how
charitable an ai5t it was to alTift tlieir gueft. 'Ihev
anfwered. That he could not be more ready to aft
than they to grant, that they were wholly at Roberts's
call, and that he might always command them.—
They faid, they were very forry to think of his
leaving them ; but when they conlidered how unable
they were to (upply his occafions, to his wiflies, they
could not defire him to continue among them in mi-
fery. They added, that they wifhed their ifland
produced thofe neceflaries, as well as pleafure and de-
lights which his country did, and then, perhaps,
they would keep him with them by force, and think
they did not ivrong him : faying, when he talked on
a retaliation, that they dcdred nothing but his good
opinion, and that for the continuance thereof, they
would do any thine for him in their power. After
this, they obferved that thofe who could ufe hatchet%
would take their turns day by day, that the three
hatchets might never be id!e, and that the reft might
carry down the boards and I'mber, after it was hcwei),
and a little dried, to the place where he intended to
build the boat. This was accordingly perfornied,
and by the time they got a good quantity made,alarg:
7 piece

»7»J

TO T fr E CAP i: V F. R D E ISLAND 3.

417

piece of it (h'n»'« qUArtcr was tlimwii 011 (hnrr near
Sii", whith iMiiK' Iiirkily to hilii out tlic ilill;:ii.
'I'lu 'i' bcirij', ii'i i.iiiviiiK lit pUcc lime to haul 11 mi
laiul, hcf.uiri' I I till- rotks, lliiriy or lorly nl ilu
native* r.ilKtiiii.; Iiiuii to ir'vv it bv, Iwani with it,
anJ K<it it, lh>>ii);h Willi ^.^rcat ilitliciihy, iiiti) a little
rove liiiwcLii Scio aii>l I'lloarcc I'u'uaiia. Tliis wieik
beiii:; Huike 11(1, att'onKd a qu.iiitily ot biuiil-, tiir-
I). r, n.iils, Ipikiiii; liolts, with a mi/tn-nialf, ami
((.iiuliii); rr^gin^, ol which malt lie propoltd to make
the keel.

But now our voynj»cr bepan to be in doubt of his
ability to p.rtiirm what he li.iil iiiuleitakeii j yet re-
flcCliii'^ on the ililgraie it would be todelill, after giv-
ing fo much troiil)le about it, he reloKed to proceed.
Accordingly he went dowli with fix or ci,;ht of the
b^ It carpenters, h.iviiig I'everal more hand", to help as
labourers, and fome to fidi for provifioiis for the red
Hut juK at they were j;oiii); to begin, a new ohjeitioii
iirofe, which was likey to have put an end to the woi k )
for next day the governor coming down, told Roberts
he wan informed, that he (the author) intended the
boat to be but a little bigger than his, which was 20
feet Ion,', aiul that Ml cafe this was true, he would
foibid all bis people to allilf Itim ) for that both he and
Signor Carlos were of opinion, he would only call
liimfelf away tlirouyli cagernels to get f>(f the illand.
Roberts thanked bun for bis care, and allured him he
intended to make lur t\\ ice as large as bis own boat j
and agreed, if (he did not carry above twice as
much, as hi'-, to give l\„t to the governor, and (lay
upon the iHaiul till a (liipcame.

As foon as his liack was turned, Roberts mcafurcd

out tnanty-fivc feet for the length of the keel, in-
flcad of thirty, which he haj mcafutcd before the

3ut tntnty-
Hcad of tbii

governor ; and, at his requell, his alliltants proinifcu
to fay nothing of it i but in going on with the work,
being at a lofs for a faw, tlicy furniflted out an old
rud- eaten one, and a file, w ith which he fliarpeiicd it j
while they ftood over, admiring his ingenuity. In or-
der to make the fwecps, Roberts had contrived a pair
of wooden conipalles, and bis workmen were greatly
aftonifhcd at feeing him fix the ftern and the llcrii-pod,
becaufe he ufcd a plummet to fet them upright. He
employed the wreck boards along the body of the
boat, as they would not bend for any other part j
but the nails began to diminifti apace, fo that having
nailed her tolerably fecurc at the bottom, be was
forced to fallen only the butt-end ; and here and
there, where neceflity required, was obliged only to
pin or trunnel them with the large fpikc ginihlet
He had a half-deck abaft, a little above eight feet
long, a forecaftle fro;n the ffern aft, foincthing above
feven feet. He laid in four beams that be double
kneed, fattening the knees of each end, one of which
was a (landing knee ; be bolted them with fome of the
fmallell bolts, pointed, and boring the length of the
pikcgimblet, forced the re(l, bydriving the bolt red hot.

A'ter all this, there were left boards enough to
deck her J but for want of nails, being forced at the
latter end to make ufe of all the broken points, he
frequently took the point of a nail, which was but lit-
tle more in length than the thicknefs of a plank, and
after he had driven it up, he drove it farther with a
broken ftump of a nail, till the latter had entered
half way into the plank, that the point might the
better take hold of the timber. How to make her
tight was now to be confidercd. For this, he had
fome fpire ropes, of which he made oakham, but he
found that cotton and mofs did better. His method to
try how the caulking hild was, in the evening, after
they bad all left off work, to heave water againft the
leanis within fide j and where be perceived it went
through, he caulked it over .ngain. He iinifhed bis
maft, and fixed the rigging, and the pieces of the
jib of his forincr (loop, made him a main-fail. It was
too narrow by a breadth and an half, but there was
no help for it. Ilis forcfail and jib were patched out
of the pieces of the main-fail, and of cotton cloth,
civenbim by the natives.

Vol. I. No, 36.

His boom wai made of bis (dJ gafT, by I'carfing
a h.ind-lpike to it. His rudder was made thus : be
got three eye-bolts, and Ih.irpciiing the iMunls, diovu
them into the (tern-polt up to the eyes, which fervcj
1 the room of braces <u- gudgeons Two or three
ays befoir (he was launched, lour of the blacks with
Nu-olau Verde, went, and taltening a rope to her
anchor, which lay in Salt-1'uiiil bay, liauLd it out
Iroin under fome rocks: then floating it about a
itone's throw, let it go again. When they law it
juite clear of the rocks, they brought it up to iha
furfaie, and then floated it away. This he was very
much (uiprifedto fee them di', believing it impollible
for four times the number to have fultiined the weight
)f the anchor, no kfs than two bundled .iiid thieu
quarters ; befides the Stock, which, then b^iiig lo much
water loaked, could not vvei:;li much Kfs than one
hundred weight.

■|"he governor, prieft, and feveral women came
down to the launching, which was pcrlornied veiy
well, but llie boat made as much water as two hand*
c<juld keep clear by roiiKant baling. Roberts (lop-
ped feveral places where it went in, but could tee
nothing of a conllant leak, only under three of the
floor timber ticads, which he could not come at °
however, he tightened it as well as he could, and
went down lo Fcrrier lo filh up an anchor with .1
haufcr, left tluic lately by a I'ortiigueic (hip in ii
(lorm. In the mean time he made a wooden hillick,
which be fallened to a tlone, as the Ncw-found-lanJ
fifliing floops u(cd, bv means of his (hrouds which he-
laved, and now fpliced together, to the quantity of
about twenty-five fathoms.

Leaving the boat till the giwernor, by a general
hunting, had killed goats to fupply him with tallow
to pay the (earns of her, he went down to Terrier tor
the anchor; where a black, called Funi-Fo-Roen, who
had been on board the laid I'ortugiiefc, playing in the
water with fome others at their ulual game of plung-
ing and (Iriking with their feet in imitation of the
tbre(her and grampus-fi(h, and diving from him who
llruck at him, be happened to hit againtl the buoy,
which was about a fathom under water. The ground
being a tough, clammy, ftiff ooze, or clay, covered
over with foft ooze and fand mixed, they were a lon^
time getting out the anchor, which they afterwards
brought to (norc about a mile dillant : and thus the
whole was compleated.

Captain Roberts at length fet fail, and having
vifited nil the lower iflands, came about to St. Niihn-
las 1 where (lopping rir(l at Porto Gbuy, and then
at Paraghifi, the people came down to welcome him,
and bought all his I'alt, which was a good commodity
then, it being their turtling feafon. At Paragbifi,
there came a young man, who laid his name was
George J that he was born in Dcvon(hire, and that
he had been taken by Loc in his way t'loni \'iiginia }
and fome months patl had efcapcd from him at the
ifland of St. Vincent, while that pirate was there
refitting the Merry Chridmas, of London ; which
he had taken alio coming fiom tliat plantation.
This young fellow laid, he would lie in tlic vcflel all
night, as it was likely to prove b.id weather ; which
being agreed, and the boat fccured. Roberts being;
very ill, was carried dircClly b.ick again, where the
blacks nurfed him, and the little hoy being lomcwhat
better than ii
with George.

About eight that night, the wind blowing hard
from the fouth-wed, with much rain, Roberts came
down again from the quay, and hailed the boat to
veer more upon the anchor cable; faying, otherwife
it would be loft, but could not make George bear :
upon which, a black of St. Anthony (who was very
faithful to him) faid, rather than the boat which had
carried them through ib many dangers (liould be loft
for want of veering the cable, he would try to fwiin
onboard at the hazard of his life, and (notwithftand-
ing all the dilluafions of tho other blacks, who told
him the Tea ran (b high, that he would be dalhed in
5 P pieces

niacKS nurleu mm, anu tne little boy temg lomcwliat
better than in the morning, clio(c to be on board

1«»

VOYAGES TO T 11 I

f'.-J]

liicci'* ap^ninft thf rni.k«) ualdiini; an o|>|'iirliiiiily "f
ihc I'mudilicH vatii, 111' il.iiiiil liiiiilcit hum ihi <ilj;i
lit the link, wliuli wa' till) tut jlmvi ilw liiiLi'ii

.lllil gill I'll III llJ lIlC bo.lt . {lilt 1)1 lull' III' jllMI|lld, J

fi .1 wilht.l iivir llu' how <it ihi: b>>.it, iiiiil iii^liii lUil
liulh li.iir,:. .mil the buy-

PcK'i'iniu; Kill ^ rlii'rtv inncrniul lur tlw Imy,
itu'v uii'li'iiouk liir lii^r.iliiv .It M i.'\ tilts ' I'lii ilii
cihlu liri..ikiiig, thi. I 4 cin i il tlu' lio.it ii|< !•■ Iii li mi
tliv luii II, I hut l)u' l.:y liiiililliiilii.ll Itii jIiuv •\ ijii iiirt
ul Ull 111 'II I. I'lli'V ll.l.l lIlllH ;l!| tiilK til ^tt IHII III 111 I.
Altt'i liic III II tii;.;lil WM iivir, (inline Willi I'll I'l'.iii!
til I.ivl' wllit lit' iiniKI, I'lit |iii kmly ,i I'.u'.it I. .i lullui;;
iivir hrr, l>iun filter uiiuth.r li..) IIjihI Iui

to |)ll'tl>.

I lu' aiiiluT, '.iy liltlii|> II it ill niiilit in the uiml
on till* oiL-jImii );ut :i loi.l, wliu li wii on' |ri.it
rauk' of the tt'Ji 'US lii.kiiil> tii.u lulil liini liil .iiur
tiis .iinvjl 1.1 I'll ;1 iiul, .iiiil ^.11 1: liini I iIuk' tu wiiti
hi< liilf'ii'y. I lir iiiuinini>; cK.iriiiii ii{S imc hiiii n
tiill view lit' iIk' riiiiis III ti'it or twi'liu iiiuiuIh I,i-
lii'iir, wliicli li.iil Int'ii lii'lKoy-' i in uni: niuiiuiu, uiiii
l.iy I'lliil lip on tiic (Imti-.

i IK' li tun Ituu 'Jit Inmi tin- luinur [iiiillu' St.
Nicliul.is III his luiC'lii"', anil lioiii ilir l> lliu|ii.i ini.
tivo jiriclt-', who guviiud .St. ,\mhi ii\, ti r ilii
\iaii|ui> ilis Miniiis, iiniiiiriil liini ^iiat iil|Kit v.liin
hi: w.w thi-ri', liuin^ to wait mi thi gmtrni, a-
l.iun ti« li.' wmt r|i to tic tmvn, iliniur via*
hiiiU'.ht to tab!.' i wliii'h iii.ililt.ii m' liin, I'l iw-,
l;uit\-tli ill, Inili III I'Hn-hiiail, pi int >ni>, luii.iiid',
builiil [i(iin|iiiin, iVc. Tli.' t'owU wcri' hiiKiil in .i ym,
Hiiil I" kill M.'iv '.nil, .iriil as btown an ii ii.i.y h'll
bci'ii I'o lit' il i unJ rhi.' v.niioii, nr wiK! (^uji'i-lKlii,
anil hill w:;i.' bui'id. i li re wa^ allii a ul iiiiuw,
wliiili i> a cjlaliafii i iit in Iau, ami f.it.ii .i.ll.ul
ol li.iCuns .ind |itiirin?<r> ; this v.'as bioii,,lit to Irrii lull
vi tilh-w.itir, bi'iiu^ rciiCiiiKil liv llimi ihi; liir.'.ul;
iiu'l\ lliL'y can yiii' a I'ck oi' wc.ik |ii.iliin ; l.iit liii'
aullinr cnuld not tiiui h it. lie lay at unr .'ji:.iioi
(jonlalvo's, wlio lull Ikiii roiin'..'rly yuvciiim, ulii.ri.
all imai^inablc tan- was taken cC l.im.

[WlirnCiiiLiiii ll.irioci arrived (.!,> has bitn i.lre.idy
mcntioiii'il) Captain Rnliiits was vtiy Ui viii.ililc lu
him as a linuiili', and having i'|ii kc to liuii in l.ihail '.'I
(jiori;i', (who he Tail!, he licliivtil wunlJ Ik ;,l:id tu
work tor hi'! pallaj^e to j;in ot}' tlicfc iflaml- ). ll.iil'our
coiiruiinl to t.iki' limi <in board, aillioiitli In- ilid nut
want nii.li' bands. At tins, wlun Rulnrts luld
(ico.',ip, who was tl'.en at the town, lie Uiir.id
ffjoic'jd. Hi'int; come down, he hailed the lil|'anliiu,
■-nd Captain Hailout lent the bc.t I'lr him ; as roun
as he was bioiighi on hoard, Ruii.ris oliliiul his
cnintcnanc'; tliaivje, but euuKl not imagine the lea-
foii : h'lwever. Captain Hatloot foon nia.l'. bun lui-
ii;)lc of It : for it leeni', ibe year belori', I,oe toi.k
Cupt. Ha toot at Itoiia Viita, whiie this felkw vv.is
Ull Liiiaid tlic pirates ; and bavinj^ been .'£ ailliveas the

reft III plui deriiij.' Ins v. (l 1, wn fo daiiiUid n lli.;
Ii;;lili't hiin, thai he b 'd nu loin, . e i > Ipt^ik. I in
Ciptaiii, as (i.uii ,.s In I1..1I tcii.ii'ud n.iini'iy iiiiiu,"l»
to eiintiiiii bun, ib.it be wan the riinii, l.ii.i, in 4
p.illiiin, " iiiu niipuaiiit r.ile.illy vola'ti, I iJiiiiic
bow you d.ite i'un;e tu alk a l.ivoiir it me?" I'li*
fellow loiikeil Very dijiCt.d, nililly wiv nliXiltle,
uliiil^;iil, lliat be was a (.1.1. 11 r i.ii buafd « itb i'.^v
pn.ili , an.l umltra'iivd to ilo m li.ii lie diJ, a* lu t
da'iii;.; to refiili wb.il nrlliiy lliuiii.l.i |Mi.)ir 10 111,1.
nun I liiiii. 7 111. C.i|i:jiii b.idc li'iii bold liin Iniij 11.,
and till iliein I'll who knew nol'rii. ■ : f.lyln^, " J'hat
It br bill liiil llie III I iii!ei,<e nl the d.lil, lit bit
mailer I,"', be wuiild not loii.v to ulk bun any
laMiur. lie Ull. III!, ili.it il lu was inu 10 lind a n.ail
of war to put. hull mi bi .'id ot. b- lun- be Wiiit Itoiii
]tbe iHaiiiK, be wmilil ]^l\e Inin bis i'.ili..g ' to it."
I Then tuinin^, to Kuliirt., " jl a ni.in, I. id he, Iboiilil
It.ikelb.ilVilLiii c.ii loaiil, til eany liuii lu jiilliee, iiiiil
jlliuuld Hint any ni b.a bii'.ber vill .i.i-. (iii!;aniii^ ll'.o
. .iiau's) be iiuilil ixp et n!.'li,n[! Liit li.alh." A'ler
till-, turning' to (Jur^t, who, to ..il lb.«, npliij
It'll .1 W'li.l, be luM liiiii lie O.oul'l ;;o i.n fliuie a^ain,
and that if be nut with .iny i.f bis ni,.j,lty '» llilp<, Ik-
I'oie 11'' I'.it thufi' if.. .11'!;, he wou.J ^ivc llieiii ..il
.ice'i.uni 1.1 ii'ni, ;.iii! p' .lujJe ibeni all he cuiiti', to
loiiie and ^:,l\ .. him a p..li ii',e to 'I jburn : ueiiiiii;,
th.it he hup .1 b.;i)re bn:,',, tuln.ir ot hi' ni..lLr Lm »
rieeiv.n^; the (an,'' lewaul at lonii (uib pl.iee,"]

On llie 1 jili 1,1 .Septin.b 1, lb y i.li I'uito I'l.tya,
niid aneti'iiid at ilie tity ibe i.i.sl day, wb.ie 1111/
lliilid the iim.uniler o( the Wi.tei tiny waiitiil, and
luoi^ ,11 til. Ull I'f il.'- i>se;'liai',' pun ilii ns. About ibc
lf(il. ot Noviiii'.c, iluv f.iilsd lui I'oito Cidaili-, ami
lin tilled a., ay lu ill.' iiuittiiMii.', but ibe (tiip pi.ning
leaky, vveie liiisiu to put ill at ^i. Lue.a ; »b< re tl.c
lapiai.i leliiii^ |;.itlu ..i.eb.ir tu'i liion, (iliiie biiir.;
only the foii-iop-f. it b.ndsd} u i,ult ot svind eaine i tF
tile b.ink I ut '.I the Si'iiii'lii'j^s ; an.l b in;; inaviry
bad Cuiidiii.m, Roberts ; di ilid ibe eummand'.r to bi iii^j
licril..wn tu lJ.iib.iil<i , as tiie ilii'ilill, and ti.e
Lif.'-ll mil.

'I'liiit were on b.iaul her aLeii; itio flaves, a I'or-

tnguefe fupTeai^jo, ij ilvan, C mpiT, and bi-nor

Antonio de Harr.i, l.i;e ^.iveri;or ol Caeliea : wliiih

I lall ubjcetii.:; to li,.rba|i,is, as beii'.;^ but an illaiid.

R'dv.us •■ 1,1 biiii, Irii'-, It was an id.iml, but lia

di 'uiUed .\l.;tl.er hi' tuioii li.ivc .'.iiy lliin;^ at l.ilbon,

whieb •A'.s not nt Hiibadoes, i,\eepi a king, a p.iiii-

[areb, a nobl'.in.in, and a bifliup : at which tlio

IHuVeinor I'.u.liii;:, tluv .ill aiiriid to ''O thitlm ; the

I luptnai;;!', Seiiian, eVe. lij^ning a paper 10 lelii''v,

. as was II! eeflai V, lluir tree client. Aceoiilint'Jy»

jmakin' for J{.iil:adu('s, tbiy airii ed there in Ciiliile

I b.iy, I. Iinlliiias day, 17.:+; and in lefs than three

nionihi, l.oling froin thence, they c.nne to

l.illvin, where, nieetin;; w.ib Alex.iiider liaxler,

111. liter ot the liricket Biij;an!iiu', who j;enerouriy

uave bulb him and the boy a p:.ll'.i^e ; where (h:V

ariivedthe latterind ut June in the poit of London.

VOYAGES TO THE ISL.'VNDS and COASTS 01 AIRICA, from 1420, to 1730.

THE Portugucfe, who as vvc haveaircsdy obfirveil,
were the firll great difcovcrers of n.nipalion,
da m the honour of dileoierinj; the ill.nuls ' n the
coalt ot Africa, and among them the Cai j'. ;s, which
are feven, or as fume reckon eight in iiinl.hLr, Madeira
being generally accounted one of tlieiii. However,
it appears that this was really ililiovcrcd by ucciiient
by an Eimlilliman and his beloved lair one.

It was in the reign of kin^ Edward the third that
one Robert Macliin (or Mafljam) falling in love with
7

a beautiful \oun.; la.lv called Anne d'Aifet, b.v! the
mortiliia;:uii to tinil th.it her relations weie iiloKiJ
to marry her to a nobl-irian vvhol'e di(lin;^ui(li',d rank
and fortune bad biart'd ib'-m in bis f.ivour. Vexed at
this difa|>poi;itment (hiving been liil'iii irpeil from a
confineiiient he was undir, at the in!li;;atiiin of his
niiilrefs's relations) becontrivid to take the lady fri m
her new fpoufe and put of}' to fia with her, in order
to render a purfuit Iruitlefs.
'ilie lovers intend. d to fii.ipc th Tr courlc for Eianc ;

but

14101

ISLANDS OF A r IM C A.

4' I

hue Matliiii aiid hn an'oclafp* btin^ i^;ni>rinr ,,i tin'
iiti (<t luvi^ation, uirc iJr'uLti uiit In li.,i In .i Itioii);

ixpoi'i J to wiiiiL jikI w.i»<'. iipiiii (l\.' boiiiiilM'- iK'i iiii.
Ilii\vi.\i'i , ullfr w.iiiil iifi;; liir I j il.ty, tluy li.iit
fight (it JiiunkiMwn c ).ill,,iii>l tlu' ;iilv>'niiii(r, on (.ill-
llljf III Willi II, t.ll I llj lll^ nill(lil< on llioi\, IK' rniiiiM
iht cnintry .ij;ii Mlily ilivLililiiil, willi lulls .in,! v.\li-,
ai.'l it IH I'.iiJ th;il K, .'I'.il M iM b.ill' iMdiL' .ili'iiit him,
withiMii iiilrrint; l-i J.i hiiii .my miUiu •. I'luiiiilin ■.
I.iitlifr m' til ■ iiniiitrv, hi' iMiiii' to 1 r.iiiml iii.'.nl.iw
iliciicUJ Mull l.iiin.!', ;iiiil waiiuil vk iili .i I'iikiII i i
vuk't, whikii ill J bill cif lino f.inil, r.iii il^wii Ironi
the nidUii'.iin* tliriMijjh it. On an riiiiiiiiui' li.ii'

tIk'V ruiliul ,1 bl'llUlllul Mil', llllihr wIikIi llu\ In(.k ll|l

ih'.'ir .ibii'l.', aiul .ilurA.irJi Imilt ih-iiil'i-'Ki s liiii'. in
iti ni'inhhiHirlioiid. Tlu'y iki'.v |i.illnl then liiiu' nry
.1 ;rcc.ihly, till a ftorni .hull' wliich ilidvr tluir villi I
iKim lii'i .intlmr, ami thicw lur on ihi' toaH nl
Moriic'.i, wlutt' all till' croa wi'ic niaJc fl.ii'i.'*.

Here (1111 liillnrian^ iinil Miyi.Acis ilill-r. Soiik-
f.iy, th.it ilic Lilly ilyi'i S her Iom r loon rnllowcil h r,
whilll otli.'r>, as At h.uc .'.Inaily nliln vi'il in a rornur
ivittiil the iNork, alli.rt that hi' wiiit over to Atiiii,
ti'im wliciii-i- the MuonCiit hini an a prtliiit to the
king ot' Cillllei howev.i lliit iiii;:,lit be, we liiiJ au-
thority rullUieiit tor liijijuirliMy the (aCI, that the
illiml v.'..-- liill ilifeoveied by one dI our mvii
liiition.

Hut th ■ cmTipk'te difeovery of the iflaiul of Ma-
deira, hiti.eito known only by le|ioM, and coiilirnieJ
by (onie ot Maeliin\ alloeiite<, leilteiiieil lioni the
lioals of MoioLOO, was left to tin- emerprifiii" geniii-
(il I'riiiie Henry of l'ottii'',.il, thatli'Jitof a (;looiiiy
age, who auakeiieil the Ipirit of dileovery, and wa^.
himlelf the j'reat geiiiiiv of navii^ition. 'J'hi- illiil-
tniuis pi iiiee litteil oiil a fleet, the eeniinaiul ot wlueh
was ^iveii to Juan (iciiifilvo /areo, who was ordered
at all ha/.auis ui land at this ill in. I, wliieh was rin-
dercil famous <^llly by the deatli ef the Engliih lady
above-nientioiKil.

The voyaj;er in his way touched at Puerto Santo,
where he was given to uiiderftaiul that an iiiipenetrablt
darknefs hung over the fi.i, to the north-ealt of the
ifland. This however did n'..t difeourap.e him •, he re-
folved to proceed, and perv trating tiie mill, which 1).'
Morales his pilot, who i.ad been a Have in Morono,
afTured him, was o-cafioncd only by vapours arifiui;
from thick woud», I appily landed according to his
dclilnation.

Doubling a point, to which (jonfalvo gave the
name of S. Laurence : they fent on fliorc to recon-
noitre the iflaml, and found the tnnih of the Knglilh
lady. They f.nv no inh.ibiunts nor aiiv cattle where
they laiuLd, but law birds, of various kinds, fo
gentle, that they fullered tlumfel.es to be taken bv the
hand 1 nor were ihere any venomous animals dil'co-
vercd upon the whole idaiul.

Rcturnin;; with this account to Portugal, in the
month of Au;;uft, 1420, it was rd'olved that Gon-
falvo fliould return to Madeira, (as it was by this
time denominated) in quality of Captain of the
inand.

Accordingly he fet out again in May, 1421, with
his wife and family, and arriving fafe in the road then
called Englilh Port, he named it Puerto del Machino,
in honour of the firft Englifli difcoverer.

In a fruitful valley, wnerc there was the bcft har-
bour adjoining, and a fufficiency of water, this ad-
venturer founded the town of Fonchial, and his wife
Conft.mtia dedicated there the firft altar to St. Catha-
rine.

After the death of King John, his Ion and fucceffor,
in confidetation of the great fums expended in difco-
vering and peopling the ifland, by his brother Prince
Henry, he gave him the revenues of it for his
life J and, as a reward for his indefatigable en-
deavours, he gave to Juan Gonlalvo Zarco the title of
an £arl, with a new coat of arms, which the family
bear to this day.

" .Some (fiys our nulhtM / CiTprile f.vn in.iiu''
uii.hr the p.imc of Madura, vir. tint piopeily U»
lalle'', and Puerto Saiiio j ami if it loimiion wii'i
us, a^Hill IS the Portiiguili; and Spiniards, at lhi»
dav, to t'A\ the M.ideir.n. It is true, we do not i.t
pull lit, ill! Ill le both thule ill.iiids iinler ill it deni .
niiii.ilion ) but a former ciillmn mi ',ht tiatv biuu^iil
that mode ol exprillion i:Ui> ut -.
" rill- ille, whiih took Its iime finni the Rrem qi.nn-
tiiyol w (Kill or limber };r'>H in;; on 11, bis Itel'Vien
^.'. iIil;. ti min. nnd j; de;r 5001111. ol notlh laliiii'k'.
Dr. !• ryi r, in hisnenuint ol i!i ' 1- Il liulji >, Vc. fay*.
I Ins IS the larjull ifland in ih'' Atlantic ocean ; but
Teiii nil'.' niav d:lpiite the aJv.iiii J;',e fur li/e. Sonic
moderns iti.ikr this ill.iiul 14',' h ai^ues, and o:lirr« |(.o
III (III nil ; W'liih' C'.ido M'lt.i, II 'I. e near the tiutli,
allows it to be 140 nii|i>. 'I'de lame .lutlior (il),.rv.>,
lh.it it has j^i'id ro.ids, but no ports, Puerto Saul",
whuh Is about 11 leagues dillanl, may bcficii tioni 11
in I It' ir w rather."

I). Ml II nrv liill fent letters thither, about the year
I4jl, under Trillan IViror.., andjiiia tion/.airs
/.iiio, whom he apiionicd govt rnor, who had then
(hand the wh"le between them 1 the lull liavini» that
h.ilf where M.ichinn n'.rtlies; and the other the dif-
tiii'lol Koiiihial. li'.- alio lelates that the (ettler?.
Ill order to eir.ir the land, let hre fo the woods, which
bapii-'ii 'd to Ipie.'d with liii h lull , .is lie had been told,
ib.ii (i veral peilons, with tlu 11 l..iiiilus, among whom
w. s ( ion/al.'; binilelf, to Ij,'' lie niUlves fiom the
flimes, wer.: forced to l.'ke to ilieli.i, win re they
Hood up to their necks for two d.i\s and nights, with-
out liiltenanre. It was then inh.ibited in four places,
viz. at Manehino, Santa tin/, I'dieliial, and Ca-
nuira de I, ohm. There vme lome oihei leltleinents,
hut thele weie the prim ipal ; wliith, in the whole,
cc.iild iniil'er ah lilt 180 men, iiicliiding ICO ho!le.
Their nimiber is much iii' realed lince ; tor .Mr. At-
kins inlortiis lis, that in 1720, the ifland iiiulKrcil
lUiOoo niiiitia, wliicli were kept 111 {^ood (,rder ( and
proved very faithful liiiec the revolution in Portu-
lal, in 1640, when it then lluiok uti' the Spanilh
yoke.

In 1601, when Motjuet was at this ifland, it h.iil
two cities, the principal of wbiih had tv»'o fort relies,
the Itruiinerwas ijarriloned with Spaniih, ami llieother
with Portu.niefe loldier'i. Thiseity, which he calls
Madeiia, and mull he P'onchial, is lituated in a valley
and at the fo(^t of a niount.iin i from whence he lays,
corn's wall r in lucli abiiiidanec fomeuines, as to
caule inundations, which do much dania!;;e, carrying
away bridges, lioulus, churches, and other edilices.
The citv has been as bij; as St. Dennis, (near Paris)
but very populous, to which a great number of flaves
contributed, who worked upon the lugar, without tha
city. The whole ifland was fcattered over with plea-
fuie houfes. lean de Chux, who married the niece
of Don Chridoval do More, viceroy of Portugal,
was then conlul for the Kiench, wli(>, as well as the
Kiiglifti, Dutch and others, h.id many fadlors there.
Fonchial is fituate in a bay, on the linith part of
the ifie, clofe to the fouth hde, next to which, it is
walled, and defended by cannon. Frefli water
comes running into the lea in the middle of the
bay, from under an arch in the wall. The fliore
conlifts of great pebble ftnncs in the bai', and of rocks
in other places. The callcrivpart of the road is foul
ground, and fliips ride at anchor within reach of the
cannon.

The city is about an Englifh mile in length, and
three quarters in breadth. The bay lies in the lati-
tude of 32 degrees 10 minutes north, and 10 de-
grees one minute weft of the Lizard. The adjacent
rural places are very mountainous, but, however,
they rival the vallics in fruitfulnefs and delight. The
town is refreftied by feven or eight rivers, and variety
of rivulets, defcending from the mountains, which,
notwithftanding their height and fteepnefs, are planted
and improved as well as the moft champaign in Eng-
land. At the utmoft top of the hills, the corn thrives

well,

4io

VOYAGES TO THE

1 '!

!l 'M i

well, but the abundance of clouds that gather here,
are prejudicial to the grapes.

Captain Urinf;, who was at Fonchial in 1717, fays,
" It is defended by two large forts, and a third upon a
rock at a little diftance from the fliure, which is very
ftrong by nature. On the back of the town, the
ground rifes gradually to the mountains, which fprcad
levcral miles in form of a femicirclc, the whole fpacc
being full of gardens, vineyards, and gcntlemcns
country-feats, which make a very agreeable profi)cdl
likcwilc. There fall from the mountains behind the
town many fine rills of water, that are conveyed by
at]ueiiucls for fevcral miles, with which the inhabi-
tants water their gardens and vineyards ; it being let
in at pleafurc by means of cocks.

" The port is dangerous, efpccially in weft and
fouth-wcrt winds, on which fide the road lies open,
and there is no anchoring under forty fathoms above
a mile off fhorc, and that no where, but at the well
end J fo that when a Iwell from thel'e quarters gives no-
tice of a gale's coming, there is no remedy but to flip
cable and to fea. The furf too is generally fo great
on the beach, that the common method ot lading is
to fwim off the pipes to the laur'.h, or .ilfo lade on
the beach, and thin run her into the water ; for the
fame reafon, the only good time for watering is be-
fore the feafon breeze comes on. There is a high
rock, called the Loo, with a fort upon it, where
fmall veffels may moor pretty fafe from the wcflcrly
winds. But if the wiiul vlcis fo as fo turn their
heads to feaward, all hand> immediately take to fhorc,
and leave the fliip to make the bcft of it againit the
florm by herfelf. Nor are the lodgings on flmre
much eafier than the road at fea : there arc three
towns in it, all on the fouthern fide, viz. Marafylo,
a fmall place, with a bay or harbour in the fouth-«c(t
end of the ifliind, where there is good anchorage, in
twelve, fifteen, fcvcnteen, and twenty fathoms j Fon-
chial, in a large bay, near the middle, and Santa
Cruz in another open bay or road beyond the for-
mer, toward the eallcrn point of Madeira J between
which, and Santa Cruz, Machino, or Macham's
town, muff be fituate, where we are told by our geo-
graphers, that there is a handfomc chuich and cloifler
of liernardines.

The air of Madeira is generally allowed to be very
good and temperate and Itldom dillurbed j the heavens
being commonly fmiling and ferene. On this occa-
ii(.n he obferves, that as thofe climates which be be-
tween the thirtieth and fortieth degree of latitude, are
generally free from excefs of heat or cold ; they there-
fore fitni to bcft fuitedto the delights of human life,
as well as accommodated to the conftitution of man-
kind.

Aceordingto thebeft authors, this ifland is moun-
tainous, interfperfcd with fruitful valleys. The highcft
parts, woods ; which arc haunts for wild goats ; the
middle, kitchen-gardens; and the bottom, vincyaids.
The roads are bad ; for which reafon the wines arc
broiipht to town in Hog-fkins upon aflcs.

Though the country is mountainous, yet the foil
is rich : and it produced, yearly, thirty thoufand Ve-
netian ftares cf Bread-corn : and the land yielded at
firft feventy to one inereafe ; but is now reduced to
thirty or forty for want of good huftandry.

It abounds every where with fine fprings, befides
which, there arc eight rivers. This great plenty of
water fivft fuggcfVed the idea to prince Henry of fend-
ing fugar-canes hither from Sicily i which bein;{ re-
moved into a warmer climate yi(.lcicd greatly, and four
hundred cantaros (each an hundred and twelve pounds
large weight of Venice) of fugar had been made to one
boiling, and were likely to improve. They had like-
wife good wines for the time fince their fettlement, and
plentv, fa as to export large quantities. Among other
vines feme Malvafia (Malmfey) plants from Candia
were brought hither, which fucceeded very well. This
foil proved fo well-fuited to the vine, that in general
there are more grapes than leaves, the bunches very
large, trom two to four fpans long. They had like-
6

And

wife the bl.ack Pergola grape, in pcrfeiflion
they began their vintage about Eafter.

The main produdt of the ifland is grapes brought
hither from Candia, of which there are three or tout-
kinds, which make fo many different wines : one is
coloured like Champaignc of littlccfteem: another is
more ftrong and pale, as white-wine; the third fort
is rich and delicious, called Malmfey ; the fourth is
Tinto, equalling lent in colour, but far interior in
tafte ; it. is never drank unlefs in other wints, with
which it is mixt, to give them a tin(t^ure and to pre-
fervc them. And for fermenting and feeding them,
they bruife and take a certain ftone, called Jefs, of
which nine or ten pounds are thrown into each pipe.
The Madeira wine has in it this peculiar excellence,
that it is rheliorated by the heat of the fun when it is
pricked ; for this end it is necellary only to open the
bunghole and expofe it fo the air.

The produft of the vine is equally divided between
the proprietor and him who gathers and j rL-Ills the
grapes : yet for the moft part, the merchant thrives
and is rich, whilft the grape-eathcrers is but poor.
Among the merchants the Jeluits are none of the
leaft confiderable ; they have here ficurcd the mono-
poly of Malmfey, of which there is but one good
vineyard in the whole idand, which is entirely in
their poffcflion. Twenty thoufand pipes of w inc, by
a moderate computation, may be reckoned the annual
inereafe of the grapes; which number is thus tx-
haufted and fpent. Eight thoufand are thought to he
Irank upon the ifland; three or four aie w.ii'.d in
eakage, and the remainder is exported niolHy ;o the
Welt-lndics, efpccially to Barbadois, ulicrc it is
Irank more liberally than other Euiup^an wiiu'!.

llie aftics of the tr-'cs burnt by the dlfcovcrers
g.ave a vaft fertility to the liigar-eanes, at their firft
phmting, till a worm getting into the canes fpoikd
the inereafe ; fo that it was then intirely planted
with vines brought originally from Candia, which
yield the ftrongeft wines : that called Malmfey is h
rich cordial, the bcft made at the Jcfuits garelen in
Fonchial, Their vintage is in September ami Octo-
ber ; and the yearly produce is about twenty- five
thoufand pipes. This wine is of two forts; oncbrown-
ifh, and the other red, called, (as we havcfaid) Vino
Tinto, from a general opinion that it is ftained, which,
however, the inhabitants firmly deny. They are
almoft all limed; a prefervative againft the heat of
the Weft -Indies, where no other wines keep fa
well.

This ifland affords peaches, aprii'ots, plums, cher-
ries, figs, and walnuts; and the Englilh merchant
allowed to rcfide and traffic here, have tranfplanted
from England currants, goofeb-rrics, filberts. All
thcfe arc more kindly entertained in this foil, than
many of their fruits are in ours, w hieh is too cold aiiJ
moift for rearing thofe of hot climates. The ba-
nana is with them in Angular edeem, and even vene-
ration, being reckoned for its delicioufnefs, the for-
bidden fiuit; oranges and lemons abound in (iich
plenty that they drop into their di/hts, while people
dine under their fliade.

Citrons alfo grow here, of which flic natives made
a delicate fweetmcat, called Sueket, and load with it
yearly, two or three fmall fhips fjr France. The fu-
gar, winch in candying them, they make ufe of, and
is often effectually prefcribed againft ciinfuniinions,
is butrarelv exported, becaufe of its fcaicity, which
hardly fupplics the neceflities of the l(l.ind.

Among the trees, the cedar and nall'o excelled ; the
firft, is very fall, thick, and ftreight ; and has a rich
fcent, it makes the fineft boards, and is ehirfty ul'eJ
for building, the naflo wood is of a very bnj;ht red-
rofe colour; and befides boards they made both long
and crofs bows which had a jiift Ipring, and were
extremely beautiful, which were fent to the weft. And
they fupplied all Portugal befides other places with
boards.

The provifions hero, are chiefly kid, pork, with
fometimes a lean lieifer, cabbages, lemons, orangeif

walnuts

t420.j

COASTS OP AFRICA.

4««

arc
of
fa

icr-

laiit
intcit
All
th.iii
aiiJ
ba-
nc-
for-

flK'll

LOjile

nade

th it

I'u-

aiul

'hicli

the
rich
ul'al

:cd-
loiv^
wcr^
AnJ
with

I'iili

walnuts, figs, yams, bananas, &c. the country fend-
ing in whit ijuantity thty guefs will be taken oft',
there being no lixcJ marlteii.

The ordinary food i)f the poorer fort is little elfc in
the time of vintage, than bread and npe grapes. Were
it not for this great abltcmioiifnefs, the danger of fe-
vers, in the hot fiafon, would be rarely avoided, and
the venereal cxcefles to which they are ftrangely ad-
dicted, loined to the immoJeratc heat of the place,
would Be apt to put iiat\ire under various difordcrs.
'I'hcrcforc men of the greatctt confcqucnce and ior-
tune, feldum exceed the allowable bounds of drink-
ing, and accuftom themfelvcs to a very fparcdict.

The people affedl gravity (faysthc author) and wear
black, in compliance with the clergy, who claim fo
much authority among them. But they cannot live
without the fpado and the dagger } thofc infrparable
adjuncts, even of fervants waiting at table, who
proudly llrut with the difhes in their hands, and a
baflcet hilt to a fword, at leaft, a yard long, even in
the midft of fummer. Their houfes too arc plain ;
for they are at no great expencc either for building or
furniture ; tome of them (hoot up a little in height j
in general they arc flat-ioofcd ; the windows are un •
glazed, and kept open all day, and clofcd by wooden
uutters at ni{e;ht.

The fertility of this ifland is much abated from
what it was in ihe rime of its firft plantati»n, and the
continual breaking up of the ground has in many
places impoveri(hcd its productions, fo that (hry .u-
obliged to let it lie fallow for three or four years, .i!tv i
which time, if there fprings up no broom, they con-
clude it quite barren.— -The iiufbands, ki tlieir
wives an ill example, and the latter make m. fcruplc to
indulge their inclinations, when they find an oppor-
tunity, elpccially with llrangers. This is imputed
in a great meaflire to the parties marrying w ithout a
previous knowledge, or even an intcrvie < of each
otlver.

" In treating about marriage, their principal inqui-
ries are into the family, and defcent of tii.' lover,
for preventing alliances with Moors or Jews, who
arc very numerous. To join in matrimony with any
of them, is eftctmcd a debafemcnt, efpcciiilly in a
woman. Neither muft any of them narry any tnglifh
merchants (whofe perfons arc very acceptable to thebeft
of families) u'nlefs the latter firft change their religion.
Sometimes indeed, an objcaion is made on account of
fortune; for it has been known, that an inequality
that way has been deemed by their fubtilc cafuifls, a
juft plea for difl'olving the contraA. Murder here has a
kind of reputation ; and it 1> made the charaCieriftic
of any gentleman of rank or fafliion to have dipped
his hands in blood. The chief fourcc of this exe-
crable crime is the protcdlion it receives from their
churches j which fort of fanftuarics are very nume-
rous, Fotichial being full of them ; bcfides many
more difperfcd through their country plantations. The
indulgence g .'cn to fuch malcfadlors is the grcatcft
reproach to religion and humanity. It is enough if
the criminal can lay hold of the horns of the altar ;
and the utmoft penalty they infliCl is baniihment or
confinement, both which, by large prefents, may be
bought off. The clergy here are very numerous, and
daily increafe. Near the chapel belonging to the Je-
fuits, is a certain hofpital, much frequented by the
natives, erected for the entertainment and care of
fuch as are infeftcd with the venereal difeafe. Their
churches are mod commonly made ufe of for renofito-
ricsof the dead. The corpfe is curioufly drefled and
adorned ; yet in the interment, they mix lime with the
earth to liaften the confumption of it, by which
means there is room made within a fortnight foj- a
frefh body."

Puerto Santo was difcovercd about the year 1418,
by the Portuguefe, on All Saints day, whence it takes
its name { and Prince Henry of Portugal, iirlt fent
inhabitants to fettle there under Bartholomew Peref-
trellow, whom he appointed governor. It it about
15 miles in circumference.
Vot. I. No. 36.

This ifland bears good bread corn, and oats enough
for its own ufe } but a!'^unds wiili oxen and wild
hogs, and there arc rabits out of number. Among
other trees it produces the dragon tree, the lap or juice
of which is drawn out at certain feafons only of the
year, when it ifl'ues into clefts, made with an a,Vi
near the bottom of the trunk the year before. Thefe
aie found full of a kind of gum, which decocted and
depurated, is the dragon's blood of the apothe-
caries : the tree bears a fruit that i'j well tailed, and
round like a cherry, but yellow. Here arc the bell ho-
ney and wax in the world, hut nut in any great quan-
tity. There is alfo plenty of good fifh about it, fuch
as dcntali, gilded filh, and others. It has no port.,
but good mooring in the road, which is fheltetul ou
all fides, but between fouth and call, the winds blow-
ing from this quarter, make it unfafe riding here.

In April, 1595, Captain Amias Preffon, with
only 60 men, took the ifland and chief town, which
was very handfome and large. The inhabitants fled
with their goods to an exceeding high hill near the
fame, which the Englilhdurft not attack. Theene-
my would have ranfomed the town, but it was burnt
down in revenge of former ill treatment. The like
was done by the villages on the ifland, which was at
that time inhabited by old foldicrs, whom the king of
Portugal ufed to place therr, to reward their former
fervices. In 1681, when Baibot failed that way*
Puerto Santo had then on it fome v illages and ham-
lets.

Of the Canary iflands in general, we have the
following account. They moflly abound in the ne-
cefTariesof life, except water, which not being good,
the inhabitants ilrain it through filtering liones. 'The
h.irveft is commonly in March or April at farthef^,
and in fevcral places they have two each year ; and
the author had I'een a cherry-flip produce fruit in fix
weeks after grafting. Here alfo grows the Orifclle, a
plant that bears the Canary feed, and requires a great
deal of care and management here, but grows in Hol-
land, and other parts of Europe, without any trou-
ble. The Canary birds which breed in France, nei-
ther fing fo fwcet, nor have they fuch a variety of
beautiful plumage, as here on their native foil. Be-
fides many other vegetables, there were beans, peas,
and caches i a grain like maife, ufed for improving
the land ; papaus, cherries, guavas, pumkins, and
extraordinary fine onions, with all forts of garden
greens, and roots, pot-herbs, and fallading, as well
as variety of flowers. Of fifh they have niackarcl in
plenty, befides fturgcon, which the poorer fort feed
on. They are likewife well flocked with deer and
hcrfcs. Thefe are the produCls of the iflands in gene-
ral, but in particular, Lanzarota excels in horles}
Grand Canaria, Palma, and I'encrifle, in vines |
Forteventura for common dunghil fowls i andUo-
mera for deer.

Grand Canaria is the principal of all the refl
of the iflands, not in fertility, but as being the feat
of juflice and government among them. There is a
governor for the ifland only ; bcfides whom, here are
auditors, who are fuperior judges, and adl jointly in
commiffion as the lord chancellor of any realm ; re-
ceiving and hearing appeals from other iflands. The
city is called Civitas ralmarum. It hath a beautiful
cathedral, with all the ufual dignities. For the ad-
miniftration of civil affairs in the ifland, there are
feveral aldermen who have great authority, and a coun-
cil houfe to themfelves. The city is beautiful, and
the inhabitants drefs very gay and rich. After any
rain or foul weather, a man may go clean in velvet
flippers, becaufe the ground is fandy. The air is
very temperate, and free from the extreme of heat or
cold. They have two wheat harvefls, viz, in Feb-
ruary and May. The grain is exceeding good, and
makes bread as white as fnow. There are in this
ifland three other towns, named Tclde, Galder, and
Guia; alfo 12 fugar houfes, called Ingenios, in which
a great quantity of good fugar is made. The growth
of fugar it in this manner : A good foil yields nine
5 Q, •op,

VOYAGES TO THK

tMW.

in 1 8 years: Firft, they take a cane, which is called
the Planta, and laying it along in a furrow, cover it
with earth, fo that by a fluice they can let the water
run over it. This pl.int, in the nature of a root,
brings forth fundry canes, which grow two years be-
fore they are fit to cut. They are cut even with the
ground, and the tops, with the leaves called coholia,
being chopped off, the bodies arc tied into bundles
like faggots, and carried to the fugar-houfcs, called
Ingenio's. When they are ground in a mill, and
the juice conveyed by a gutter to a great vefll-l where
it is boiled till is comes to a due thicknef:., and then
put into earthen pots, of the mould of a fugar-loaf,
and phictd in a purging-houfe to purge and whiten,
which is done with a certain clay laid on the top. Of
the remainder in the vefll-l is made a fccond fort,
called efcumes; and of the purging liquor, that
drops from the white lugar, is made a third fort,
the remains of which is called pancia, or netas :
the refufc of all the purging, is called molafles ; and
of that is m.ide another fort, called rehnado. When
the firlt crop is thus finished, the canes of which,
arc called pl.inta, then the If raw, (or \Yithcred leaves
of the canes) lying all over the field, (or cane piece)
arc fee on fire, which likewife burns the (lumps of
the canes clofe to the ground : and thus, with good
hufbandry, and watering, at the end of other two
years, it yields the fecond crop, called zoca ; the
third is called tenia zoca, the fourth quarto zoca ;
and fo the reft, till age caufcs the old canes to be
planted .igain.

This ifland produces very good wine, cfpccially in
the town of Tcydc, and many forts of good fruits,
as melon!:, pears, apples, oranges, lemons, pome-
granates, figs, peaches of fcveral forts, and many other
fruits i but efpecially the plantanc. It is no timber-
tree ; it grows near the fides of brooks, is very ftraight
in the body, and has furprifingly thick leaves : which
grows not on the branches, b'lt out of the top of the
tree, every leaf being two yards long, and almoft
half a yard broad ; each tree has but two or three
branches ; and on them grows the fruit, which are
thirty or forty in number, more or Icfs ; it is (haped
like a cucumber ; and when ripe, is blac^.. being
then more delicious than any conferve. The plantane
bears fruit but once, and then is cut down, another
fpringing up from the fame fruit, and fo on continu-
ally.

This idand yields enough of oxen, camels, goats,
fheep, capons, hens, ducks, pigeons and large par-
tridges. Wood is the thing molt wanted. It (lands in
twenty-fcven degrees north. It is thirteen or four-
teen leagues each way, and about forty in circuit •
according to the common opinion, it is the fame
which the ancients, particularly Ptolemy, called by
this name. It is the mod particular of all the iflands,
and its chief city, called Canaria, and Cividad de las
Palmas, the capital of all the reft.

Teneriffe, (lands in twenty-feven decrees and
an half north, and is didant from Canaria twelve
leagues to the northward. It is fcvcnteen leagues in
length, ..nd lies high, in form of a ridge of plowed
land in fomc parts of England. In the midll of it
(lands a round hill, called the Pike, or Peak, which is
in heighth, to afcend, fifteen leagues and more,
and about half a mile in compafs at the top ; out of
which, oftentimes proceed fire and brimllone,
being in form of a cauldron. Within two miles of
the top, are nothing but a(hes and pumice (lones,
and, beneath that two miles, is the cold regions,
covered all the year with fnow. Somewhat lower,
are prodigious large trees growing, called vinatico,
which are exceeding heavy, and lying in water will
never rot. There is likewife a wood called Bar-
bufano, of the fame quality with many favine, and
pine-trees. — Beneath thefe are woods of bay-trees, of
ten or twelve miles long ; where it is picafant riding
among the great number of fmall birds, that fing ex-
ceedingly fweet, efpecially one fort of them. This
bird is very little, and coloured in all refpe£ls like a
7

fwallow, only it has a little black fpot on its bread as
broad as a halfpenny : he hath a more delightful note
than all the rc(l : but if he be irrprifoned in a c.igc,
lives but a (hort time.

Tcnerift'e produces all the fruits that Canaria doth,
and hath in common with the other illands, a parti-
cular kind of (hrubs or rulhes, out of which illiies
a milky juice, which danding a little, thickens, .ind
is very good bird-lime : but the tree called drago is
peculiar to Tencriftc, grows on high rocky land, and
by incifion at the bottom, yields a juice like blood.
This ifland abounds in corn more tlian all the reft :
and in fa£l, is a mother or nurle, to all the others in
the time of fcarcity. There grows alfo upon the
high rocks a kind of mofs, called oichcl, which is
bought for dyers. There are alfo twelve fugar-works,
called Ingenio's; but above all, there is a fmall plot
of land, about a league in compafs, the like of which,
perhaps cannot be (hewn in all the world bcfides. It
lies between two towns, the one called Larotava, and
the other Rialejo. This fingle league of ground pro-
duccth fweet water out of the cliffs, or rocky moun-
tains ; corn of all forts ^ all kinds of fruits; excel-
lent filk, flax, wax, and honey ; and very good wines
in abundance : with great dore of fugar, and plenty
of fire- wood. This idand exports great quantities of
wines for the Wed Indies, and other countries. The
bed grows on the fide of a hill, called the Ramble.
The city, called Laguna, dands near a lake, and
three leagues from tlie fea. It is handfomely built,
and has two fine parilh churches. This is the re-
fidence of the governor, and alfo of the aldermen,
whofc places are puichafed of the king. Mod of the
inhabitants of this city, are either gentlemen, mer-
chants, or hu(band-men. There are four towns
more, called Santa Cruz, Larotava, Rialejo and
Gar.-ichuz.

This ifland, before its conqued, had feven kings,
who, as well as the people, lived in caves, and uled
the fame diet, and goat-(kin cloathing, like thofc of
Canaria. I'he manner of burying their dead was
thus : they carried the corpfe naked to a great cave, and
there fixed it upright againd the wall : and if he were
of any authority among thim, they put a daft' in his
hand, and fet a veflel of milk by him. I'he author
had fcen three hundred of thefe bodies in a cave to-
gether, the flefh of which was fo dried up, that the
body remained like parchment. Thefe people were
called Ciuanchcs ; and had a peculiar language, quite
dift'erent from the Canarians, and (b in the red, the
inhabitants of every ifland had a didinfl tongue, be-
fides the language common to all. The king of
Spain receives from the ifles of Canaria 50,000 ducats
yearly, for cullom and other iluties. All the three
are joined into one fee, worth to its bldiop 12,000
ducats yearly.——

TenerifTe, though but the fecond idand, in point
of precedence, is the chie(, with refpeik to its extent,
riches or trade. Sir Edmund Scory, fays, this idand
has been called Nivaria, from the Inow that enclofes
the neck of the Peak of Tcyda, like a collar: the
name of Teneriffe being given it by the inlialiitants of
Palma, in whofc language, Tcncr figniiiesfnow, and
Id'e, an hill.

At Santa Cruz, the bed riding is not above half a
mile from (hore, in thiity, forty, or fifty fathoms,
black, flimy ground: it there be many (hips, they
mud ride clofe by one another. The (hore is gene-
rally high h.nd, and in mod places deep to the water.
Between this and the watering-place, arc two little
forts ; which, with fomc batteries fcattercd along the
coad^ommand the road, which is dill farther Icctircd
by two other forts, that defended the town ; being
a fmall place without walls, and fronting the lea.

[The houfcs, (in number about two hundred) arc
all of done, three dories high, built drong, and co-
vered with pantiles. The belt buildings in it arc the
churches and two convents. But ail could not fecure
the Spanilh galleons when here from Admiral Blake,
though they hauled in clofe under the main fort, thv

wal)

I4i0.]

COASTS OF AFRICA.

4»J

•A

walls of which, then carried the marks of his (hot.
Wrccics of the galleons lay there in fifteen fathonis,
with the greater part of the plate. He cannonaded
the town alfo, and did it a great deal of damage.]

About three miles oft', up a pretty fteep hill, lies
Laguna. The land on each fide the road is rocky,
yet relieved with fome fpots of green flourifhing corn.
Thcfe were terminated with fniall vineyards on the
fide of the mountains, intermixed with abundance of
wafte rocky land, producing nothing but wild
bu'hes and poifunous canes.

The town exhibits a very agreeable profpeA, as it
ftands upon the fide of a liill, and ilretches its
Ikirts on the plain behind. It is pretty large, and
well conipadted. There are fevcral gentleman's
houfes handfomely built : as alfo two nunneries, an
iiofpital, four convents, (of their Saints Aullin,
Dominic, Francis, and Diego ) feme chapels,
and two parilh churches, both with pretty high
Iquare (leeples, which top the reft uf the buildings.
1'he ftreets are fpacious, and tolcfably handfome,
though not regular, and the whole is fet oft° with a
large parade in the heart of the town, furrounu^d
with good buildings. Many of the houlcs arc rendered
more agreeable by gardens, laid out in parterres of
fallading and flowers, bordering round with oranges,
limes and other fruits.

As the town ftands high from the fea, and open to
the caft, it has the benefit of the true trade-wind,
which is commonly fair, fo that they feldom mifs the
refrefhnicnt of a brilk cooling breeze all day long,
which comes over the plain, that lies on the

back of it. r— This is bounded to the weft

with mountains, from whofu foot iftues out a fpring
of frefli cool water, which is conveyed over the plain
in ftone pipes raifed upon pillars, to a conduit on
the fide of the town. And near the other fide to the
caft ftands a natural lake, or pond of frcfli water,
half a mile in circuit; which not only fupplies the
cittle, but is covered in the winter time by fcveral
forts of wild fowls, affording plenty of game to the
inhabitants of the town, called Lag'^ne from this
lake. Upon the whole, confidcring the fituation, iti
large profpe£l to the eaft, (from hence you fee the
Grand Canaria) its gardens, pleafant plains, green
fields, the pond and aquedu£f, and its refrefhing
breezes -, it is a very delightful habitation ; cfpecially
for fuch as have not much bufmefs far from home :
for it is very troublefomc travelling in a ftony uneven
road, amongft fteep and craggy mountains, upon
mules or alles, which are ul(:d alio for carriages.
The road from the port of Santa Cru-/,, to the Cividad
de Laguna, lies up a fteep hill. The city is beautifully
fituated in the middle of a plain, tea miles in com-
pafs, inclofed with ' igh mountains on all fides,
except the north-wofl, lying upon a flat feven leagues
in Ungth to the fea. 'itne vapours exhaling from
thence, being circulated among the intricate moun-
tains, raife a wind, which often refrefhcs the city
from this quartet} beginning at twelve o'clock at
noon, and holding till night, though it blows at the
fame time full fouth-eafl at fea. I'his north-weft
breeze ufually comes on at twelve o'clock at noon,
and holds till night, which is cool enough on ac-
count of the great dews then falling. Their houfes
are built with ordinary rough ftone, two or three
(lories high at moff, and generally but one, in the
(kirts of the city, and they have no chimneys, not
even in their kitchens, in which, they make only a
flat hearth againft a wall, and thus roaft their meat.
The town is well laid out, and the flreets very
(Irait. It has no walls round it, but is vtelk fup-
plicd with water.

The famous Peak of Tcneriftc, may be feen fixty
miles at fra : it can be climbed onlv in July and
Auguft, being full of fnow all other months,
although there is no fnow in other places thereabouts.
It is three days journey up; and from the top,
which is flat, all the other iflands may be feen : from
it muchbrimftone is carried into Spain, of which the

author had a piece given him by alkipper. lUckman
fays, it ftands towards the middle of the illaiid,
rifing like a pyramid, or rather fugar-loaf; but that
he could not fee the top bccaule of the clouds.
It has the appearance of a heap of rough rocks,
piled thus ( it is thought by niituralifts ) from fome
fubterraneous conflagration which had formerly burft:
out.

There are three relations of this famous mountain,
written by cye-witnelVes, and Englifhmen, who all
feem to have made the journey up it : the firft was
written by Sir Edmund Scory, Knt. a learned gentle-
man, who wrote oblcrvations of the peak, and other
curiofities of the Ifland of Teneriftc. He fays,
" This great mountain of Teyda, commonly called
the Pi:ak of Tcncritfe, ftrikes one with amazcmeiu,
both near and at a diftance. It extends its bafe to
Gairachuz, from whence it is two days and a half
juurney to tlie tup, which, though it feems from
below, ai (harp as a fugar loaf (which it moft re-
fembloii} is yet a flat, the breadth of an acre ; and in
the midft of that there isagulph, out of which are caft
great ftones with a prodigious noife, fl?nie, and fmoak.
Seven leagues of the way up, may be travelled on af-
tes or mules; but the reft mi ft be climbed on foot ;
and that not without tlificulty ; every one carrying
his own victuals and wine with him. The alcenc
of the hill for ten iniLs upwards from the foot, is
adorned with tlie fineft trees in the world, of di-
vers forts ; the ground being well watered with rip-
lings running from fprings, which joining at length
dcfcend in large torrents (cfpecially when fwelled by
the violent winter rains) into the fea. In the middle it
is intolerably cold ; through which one muft contrive
his journey out fo as to travel on the fouth fide, and in
the day-tmie only. This region ends within two
leagues of the top, where the heat is no Icfs extreme
than at the bottom. By the fame rule the bcft wav is
to keep on the north fide, and travel only by night.
The proper time of the year is about Midlummer, as
avoiding the torrents caufed by the fnow. And if the
top is reached by two o'clock in the morning, a paf-
fenger may ftay there fome hours, but not after fun-
rifing, a little before which there ilFues a ftream of
heat from the Eaft, not unlike the fteam of a hot
oven.

" It is remarkable, that from the top the fun appears
much lefs, a little after it has afccnded the horizon,
than when viewed below, and feems to clear, ferene,
and defecate ; it never rains near the top, nor was
there ever any wind upon it. Though the illand is
full of (harp ragged rocks, to the number of twenty
thoufand, yet from hence the whole appears as a plain,
hid out in portions by borders of fnow, which, how-
ever, are nothing clfc but the white clouds, that are
many furlongs beneath.

"Alhhe upper part is barren and bald, without tree
or (hrub upon it j out of which, on the fouth fiile,
there iflue ttrcanis of brimftone into the neck or re-
gion of fnow, which lies iiiterveincd as it Wire with
brimftone in fcveral places. The fire from the vol-
cano in the top uf the mountain, breaks out ofteneft
in the fummer time ; and w hen a ftoiic is thrown
down, it refounds like a vefltl of hollow brafs, ftrutk
with the grcatcrt force by a prodigious weight.

" TlieGuanches thought it was Htll, and that the
fouls of their anceftors, inch as were wicke^, went
thitherto be tormented, while the good and valiant
retired into the pleafant valley, where the great city
de Laguna now ftands, with other towns about it,
and indeed there is no place in tlie world that has a
more delicate temperature of air, nor any country
which af}brdsa more beautiful profpect than is beheld
from the centre of this plain : which is fcrtilifcd hy
abundance of water falling along the crannies of the
rocks, in little ftreams down the mountains, till
fevcral joining, form rivers, which ren »long the
plains into the fea.

" The original of the (juanchcs are not certainly
known, they were, and are, merely barbarous, and

withvut

VOYAGES .O THE

[16001

without letters 1 tiieir language, which remains to
thisduy among them in the town of Candclaria, has
great alfiiiity to that of the Moors in Harbary. Be-
tancourt, the firft difcovcrcr of thcfc ides, reprefeiited
them as mere pagans, ignorant of Uod ; on tiic con-
trary, Sir Kdmund alTurcs us, what they held, there
was a fupreme power which tliey called by divers
names ; as, Achurahan, Achuhuchanar, Achguay-
nxciax ; fignil'ying, l^c Grcateft, the Highelt, and
Maintainer of all. When they wanted rain, or had
too much, or in any other calamity, they brought
their Ihecp and goats intoa place appomted, and fever-
ing the young ones from their dams, raifed a general
bleating among them, which they imagined would
sppcafc the wrath of the Supreme Power, and incline
him to lend them what they wanted. I'hey had fome
notion of the immortality and puniihment of fouls
hereafter i fince they thought there was fuch a place
as hell i and particularly, that it was in the peak of
Teyda, as before-mentioned. They called hell,
Echcyde, and the Devil, Guayotta, but had no com-
merce with him, that the author could obfervc.

•' In civil affairs they had fomething of order; they
acknowledged a king, and themfelves his valTals,
whiii; they confirmed at marriage. They rcjefled
ballardi., owned a right of fucceflion in the race of
kings; made laws, and yielded fubjodion to them.
The kine held his refidence in natural caves, or hollow
rocks. For many years the ifland was fubjeft to one
king, calli! Adexe, who growing old, his fciij
formed a confpiracy againft him ; and, there b>.iiig
nine of them, divided the ifland into fo many king-
doms. All their wars were made only to fti al cattle
one frohi another, and cfpccially the fpotted goat<,
which arc in great and facred eftecm among them.
There is very little difference either in body, colour,
or fmoothnels, betwixt the EngliOi fallow-deer, and
their goats. With regard to marriage, the men ufed to
a(k theconfent of the intended bride's parents, which
being obtained, there was little more ceremony ob-
ferved before coiifummation, as far the author could
learn ; and what was fo eafily done, was as eaflly un-
done i for whenever they had a mind, they might fe-
paratc, and marry with others at their pleafure ; but
with this reftriclion, that all children begotten after the
divorce, were illegitimate, and efleemed as baftards ;
the kings alone, for fucceffion's fake, being exempt
from this cuilom ; for whom alfo upon that account it
was lawful to marry with his own filter. At the
birth of a child, water was poured upon its head by a
woman appointed for that purpofe, who was, from
that time taken into affinity with the family ; nor was
it lawful for any of that race to marry or cohabit with
hrr. The young men ufed the exercifes of leaping,
running, throwmg the dart, throwing a ftone, and
dancing, in which, to this day, they much pride and
delight themfelves ; and fo great was their native
virtue, and honeft fimplicity, that this was an inva-
riable law among them, if any of their foldicrs, either
openly or in private, offered any rudencfs to a wo-
man, he was affuredly put to death. They were
handlbme in ftaturc, well formed, and of a good com-
plexion.

*« On the fouth fide the people wtre of an olive co-
lour; but on the north fide fair, cfpecially the wo-
men, having bright fmooth hair. Their common
drcfs was a uiort coat, made of lamb (kins, without
plait, collar or fleevcs, being falhned together with
itraps of the fame leather. This was ufed equally by
men and women, and was named their Tomarce ;
but the women, for modefty's fake, wore another co-
vering under it like a long caffock, made of fkins,
which reached down to the ground, holding it inde-
cent for a woman to have her breafts or feet unco-
vered. In this garment they lived ; and in this they
died, and were commonly burnt in it. For provi-
fion they fowed .barley and beans ; wheat being utterly
unknown to them. They roaftcd their barley by the
lire, and, grinding it in hand-mills, wet the flour
with water, milk or butter : this they called Uiffip,

6 • i

which they ufed for bread, and was their chief fuf-
tenanee. However, fometimes they eat the fltfli of
fhccp, goats, and hogs, but not commonly ; for this
was regulated on certain days, which they keep like
the feffival wake days in England. At thele meetings,
the king, with his own hands, diltributed to every
twenty of them, three goats, and a proportion of
giffio, after which, every company came before the
king, and (hewed their agility in leaping, running,
wrenling, darting, dancing, and other fports. Du-
ring thefe times, the men had liberty to pafs to and
from the enemy's country,. and the enemies fometimes
would feaft one with the other. When the feafun for
fowing their feed came, the king laid out the land in
lots to every man, which they ploughed up with goats
horns, and uttering certain words, threw their feed
int^ the ground. All other works were done by the
women.

They had a kind of fruit called Mozan, about the
bigncfs of a pea. At firft it is very green, grows red
as it ripens, and being full ripe, turns hlack much
like a blackberry in England, only the tafle is ex-
ceeding pleafant. They luck only the juice of them,
which they call Joya ; and they make a kind of ho-
neyof them called Chacerqucm. They gather thefc
mozans very ripe, and lay them in the fun for a week,
then breaking them to pieces, they are boiled in wa-
ter to a fyrup. Thisisthiir phyfic for a flux, and pains
in the back : in both cafes, tncy ufe bleeding alfo in
the arm, temples, and forehe.-ul, with a flint Itone.

The fecond journey up the peak was performed by
fome Rnglifli merchants.— —They fet out from
Oratava, a port town on the north fide of Teneriffc,
two miles from the fea. They travelled from 12 at
night till eight the next morning, and then got to the
top of the firft mountain, towards the Pico de Ter-
roira. Here, under a very great and conf'picuous
pine-tree they broke their faft, dined and rtfrefhed till
two in the afternoon, and then proceeded through
much fandy way, over many lofty mountains, but
naked and bare, and not covered with any pine trees,
as their firft night's paffage was. This expofed them
to cxceflive heat, till they arrived at the foot of the
peak, where they found many large ftones, which
feemed to have fallen down from fome part above.
About fix this evening they began to afcend the peak ;
but after they had advanced a mile, finding the way
no longer paffablefor horfes, they difmountcd, and
left them with their fcrvants. In this milr'!; ifccnt,
fome of the company grew very faint anc! fi.-k. dif-
ordered by fluxes, vomitings, and aguilh diitcmpcrs)
and the hair of the horfes flood upright, like brilllcs.
Calling for fome wine which was carried in fn:all bar-
rels, they found it fo very cold, that they could not
drink it till it was warmed, although as yet the tem-
per of the air was very calm and moderate ; but wheit
the fun was fet, it began to*blow with fuch violence,
and grow focold, that having taken up their lodgings
under fome large ftones in the rocks, they were
forced to keep great fires before the mouths of them
all night. About four in the morning, they began to
mount again, and being got about a mile up, one of
the company was not able to proceed any farther. Here
began the black rocks. The reft purfued their jour-
ney, till they came to the Sugar-loaf, where they
again met with white fand . "To encounter thisdif-
f^ult and danrerous paffage, they were p.ovided with
flioes, whofe loles were made a finger broader than the
upper-leather. At laft they gained the fummit, where
they found no fuch fmoak as appeared a little below,
but a continual breathing of a hot and fulphureous
vapour, which made their faces extremely fore. In
this paffage they found no confidcrable alteration of
air, and very little wind; but being at the top, ' it
was fo impetuous, that they drank the king's health,
and fired each his "piece. Here alfo they eat. But
their ftrong water had quite loft its Ibrce, and was be-
come almoft infipid, whilft their wine was more fpi-
rituous and briflc than before. The top on which thejf
ftood, being not above a yard broad, it the brink of •

pit

is62.]

COASTS AND ISLANDS OF AFRICA.

445

ith

;he

of
it

a
t>it

pit called the Caldera, which thry judged to be about
11 muCquct-ftiot over, and near So yards deep. It is
Ih.iped like aconc, hollow within like a kettle, and
all over covered with (inall Hones, mixed with I'ul-
phurand liind. Kron amoiigll thefe there ifliie di-
vers fpiracles of fmoak and heat, \vhieh, when Hirred
with any thing, piift" ami makeanoifc, and arefool'-
tVnlive, that the merchants were almoft Itiflcd with
the I'uddcn irruption of vapours upon the removing
of one of ihele Hones, which are likewifcfo hot, as
not catily to bj handled. They did not defeend above
four or live yards into the Caldera, on account ot
the ground llipping from under their Icct, and the dif-
hcuity of getting down i hut lomc hive ventured to
the bottom. They obferved here nothing reniiirk.iUle,
except a clear fort of fulphur, which looks like (alt
upon the ftones.

From this famous Peak, they could difccrn the
(irand Canaria, 14 leagues dillant ; Palma iS, and
(jomera, feven leagues j which interv;il of lea Teemed
to them not much larger than the river I'hanics at
I^ondon. Their view extended alfo as fir as Ferro,
above 20 leagues, and a great wav h.'.oml, over the
fur face of the ocean. As foon as t'le tun appeared,
the lliadow of tiie Peak feemed to cover, not only
the illand of TeneriHe and Gomera, but even the
fea to the vcrr hori/.oii, where the top of the Su-
gir-loaf or Peak, diiliiully appeared to turn up, and
iMil its (hade into tlie air itl(.lf, at v. hich they were
much lurpriled ; but the fun was not fnr rifen, when
tile clouds bejvin to rile fo f.ii!-, as to intercept their
prol'pect both o! the fea and Tencriffe, excepting
only the tops of the adjacent mountains, which feemed
to pierce them through. Whether thefe clouJs fur-
mounted the Peak, tliey could not fay ; but fuch as
were far beneath, feemed to hang above, or rather to
wrap thcmfelves about it, as they conftantl'/ do when
the north-weft wind blows: this they call the Cap,
and is a certain fign of enluing ftonns. One of this
company, who made this journey two years after, ar-
rived at the top of the Peak before day, and creeping
under agreatftoneto fliclterfrom the cold air, after a
little fpace, found himfelf wet, and perceived it to
come from a particular trickling of water from the
rocks above him. They faw many exiib';rant fprings,
ilVuing from the tops of molf of the mountains ; and
gulhing out in great fpouts, almoil as far as the large
pine-tree before-mentioned. Having ftaid fomc time
upon the top, they all defcended by the fandy way,
till they came to the foot of the Sugar-loaf, which,
being ilcep, almoil to a perpendicular, they foon
parted. Here they met with a cave aboi.t ti n yards
deep, and 15 broad, in fliapelike an oven, having an
hole at its top near eight yards in diameter : into this
tliey were let down by ropes, faUened round their
waiifs, and held by their fervants at top, fwingin
thcmfelves in the defeent, till being over a bank of
I'now, they ilij down upon it ; ihev were forced to
fwing thus, becaufc in the middle of the bottom of
the cave there is a rounil pit of water, rcfembling a
well, the furfacc of which is about a yard lower
than the fnow, but as wide as the openin'5 at top,
under which it lies, and is about fix fithomsdeep.
They fuppoled tliis uater to proceed not from a fpring,
but dlirilv'! (ni'W blown in, or moifture trickling
throuv'i tne rocks. About the fides of the grot, f- r
fome height, there was ice or iceicles hanging down
to the ("now ; but being quickly weary of this exeeffive
cold pl.Kc, and drawn up again, th y continued their
defeent from the mountams, by t!ie fame paflages they
went up th- day befoie, and about five in the even-
in;^, airived at (.)ratava, liieir faces being (bred and
fore, that to cool them, they were forced to waflt and
batlie them in ihe whites of egfs, &e. [The per-
pendicular height of t!ie Peak is commonly efteeni-.d
t'> be about two miles and a half.] They found no
trees, herbs or (hrubs in all the w:.y, but pirns, and
amongll the whiter fands a fort of biooni, being a
buihy plant ; likewife at the llde, where they hv all
night, ilieie was a kind of cordon uliich had Hems

'Vot. 1. No. 37.

eight feet high, and the trunk near half a foot thick,
every Item growing as four-fquarcs, and (hooting
from the ground like tufts of rulhes ; upon the edges
of thefe Hems grow very fmall berries, which, being
diueezed, produced a poifonnus milk ; this lighting
upon any part of the horfe, or other bead, fetches off
the hair from the fkin immediately. Of tlicleadpart
"f this they made their (ires all night. This plant is
alfo univcrlally fpread over the illand.

On Tuefday, Auguft the 13th, 1715, at half an
hour paft tin at night, Mr. James Fden, incotn-
pany of four EnglKhmcn and aDutchman,witli horfes
and fervants alio made this journey. — They let for
ward from the port of Or.itava, having a guide who
had conduced all who made this journey for years.
They came to the town of Oratava, at half paH:
eleven, which is about two miles from the port.
Here they got walkiiig-ftalfs to help him in af-
cending the deep of the peak. Atone, on Wednef-
day morning, they came to the foot of a very Peep ri«
fing, about a mile and a half above the town of Ora-
tava, w here it began to clear up, and being full moon,
they liiw the Peak, with a white cloud, covering tb«
fop like a cap. At two, they came to a plain pl.icc in
the road, which the Spaniards called Dornnjitoen al
Montcverde, the little Trough in the Green Moun-
tain, fo called, he fuppofes, bccaufe a litile below
this plain, on the right as they went there, is a deep
hollow, at the upper end of which is a wooden fpouc
fetin a rock, and a defeent a little lower, with a
trough to receive the water, which comes from the
mountains through the fpout, and is very clear and
cool.

After travelling a road fomctimcs rough, and fomc-
tinies Imooth, they came at three o'clock to a little
wooden crofs, on the left hand, which the Spaniards
call La Cruz de la Solera, The Crofs of the Solera,
being made with a piece of Solera, which is a long
pole, having a hole at each end, which the Spaniards
ufed to draw wood with, faftening one end to the
timber, and the other to the oxen. Hut why they were
fet up here, the author could not tell, unlefs fomebody
was killed thereabouts. At tliis place they faw the
Peak before them j and though tlicy had come up
hill (]uite from the port, yet, in their opinion, it
feemed almoft as high here as there, the white cloud
hiding the greate(t part of the Sugar-loaf. About
half a mile farther, they came to the fide of a hill,
which was \'cry high, rough and ftcep, the place being
named Caravalla, fo called, he fuppofes, from a great
pine tree on the right hand, (there being many on
both fides of the road) which the guide defired them to
obferve, having a great branch growing out, which,
with the boughs upon it, looked like the forepart of a
fliip. Amongll thefe trees, not a great height in the
air, they f.iw the lulphurdifcharge itfelf likcafiiuib,
or ferpcnt, ni;ide of gunpowder, the fire running
downwards in a ttrce.'.;, and the fmoak afcending
from the pl.ace where il firft took fire. They faw the
like next night, as they lay under the rocks at La
Staiu;-': but he could not obferve whether either of
them g.Hve any report. Three quarters after four,
they came to the ti.p of this mountain, where grows
a lari%' tiee, which the Spaniards call El Pino, de la
Merinda ; that is. The Pine-tree of the afternoon's
meal. The fires made by travellers baiting here, had
burned it at the bottom, from whence the turpentine
had illiied out. At a few yards diftance, they had a
fire made, whore they refre(hpd thcmfelves. and their
horil's. A jrreat many r.abbits breed there among thefe
hills, which ar: fandy. There is alfo much land a
great way up the Peak itfelf, and not far below the
Sugar-loaf.

At three quarters after five they fet forward a-ain,
and at half paft fix came to the Portillo, in 1-pa-
ni(h, a Breach or Gap, from whence they faw the peajc
llii! coveted with a cloud at its top, about two leagues
and a half before them, and the Spaniards (iiid, they
were about the fame diftance from the port. At half
an hour paft feven, they came to Las FalddSi that is,
S R The

VOYAGES TO THE

4*6

1'lic Skirts of the Peak : from whence to La Stnncha,
which is a qiuirter uf a mile up from the foot of the
pc.ilc. They roilc upon little light ftoncs, not much
bigger than one's flft, and a p;reat many not broader
than a Ihillin^, which, out of the beaten track,
went almoll over the horles hoofs. Thty covtr the
giDunJ a great depth : for the author aliglited, and
tii.RJc a hole, but could not tind the bottom of
thcni.

There are a great many large rocks, fome of them
two miles or thereabouts from ihc foot of the Peak ;
wliicli, the I'cak-man told them were calt out from
the lip of the Peak, at the time it was a volcano.
iMinyulthem lie in heaps about lixty yards long)
ui.d they obfcrved, that the farther thcl'c rocks were
fiom th^- foot of tlie Peak, the more like they were to
the Hone uf tonmion rocks : hut the nearer the Peak,
the miiri.' black and folid j and fomc of thim, thougli
not iiuiiy, i^loliy like flint, and all extremely heavy.
Thole, which fiianc, the author fuppofes retained
their natural coloui : but fome looked like drofs out
of a fmitli's forj^c i which, he makes no doubt, was
occafuned by the extreme heat of the place they
came from. Some of ihefe great rocks were throwii
uut of the Caldera, or kettle, on the ti'p of the lV»k,
and others from a cave or clllcrn, which is a good
vay up tlie fide of the Peak, and has by fome been
thought to have no bottom.

TlK•ya^liveJ at La Stancha, at nine o'clock, about
a qu.irter of a mile abme llit foot of tlic Peak on thi.
e.ilt iulc, where arc three or four l.irgc, hard and
I Kd bl.ck rniks : ur.dcr fomc ol thcfe they put their
horlls, and lay djivn thenifelves to fleep under others,
h.iving firft rcireilicd with a little wine. Mianwiiilc
their cook drcllcd them a dinner, both roall and boiled,
which, (after rcpofing) they ate about two in the
afternoon.

Eartward from the Peak, at four or hve miles dlf-
t.incc, there are fcverni mountains, called the Mal-
peflcs, and one lying a lilllemore to the fouihward,
called la Montanode Rejad.i; all which were formerly
volcano'j (though inferior to that of the Peak) as
apiKars by the rocks and fmall burnt Hones that lie
near them, jult in the fame manner as about the
Peak.

After they had dined, they lay down ai before to
take a nap under the rocks: but not llecping very
well, they got up again, and while the reft fpent the
afternoon at cards, the author made it his bufinefs to
admire the ftrangenefs and vaftnefs of that great body,
" It is (fiys he) very wonderful : Infomuch, that
it is inipoflibic to exprcfs to one, who never law it, in
vvh.1t manner that confufed heap of rubbifli lies :"
about fix at night, they law theGrand Canaria from
La Stancha, bearing from them" eaft-by-north.
About nine, after fupper, they retired to their
former lodgings ; where, laying ftoncs for their
pillows, and their cloaks for bcd-cloaths, they en-
deavoured to flccp for a great while, in vain. Some
Ivin:; pntty nij;h a fire, complained of being burnt
vn one fide, and frozen on the other : others were
fally.ti'rnienttd with fleas; thourjh it were fomewhat
llranje that they fhould be found in a place where
the air is fo very fharp and cutting in the night time.
The author thinks they were brought thither
by the goats, which fometinies get under thefc
rocks ; and the rather, bccanfe they found a
elcad goat in a cave at the top of the Peak. He
liippiilcs this goat ftraggling up by chance, was
benighted, and feeling the cold, got in there for
warmth ; where, meeting with too much of it,
and a very ftrong fulphureous v,ipour, he was ful-
fiicatrd : for they found him almoft dried to powder.
Between eleven and twelve they got to fleep, and
nwakini' at one, their guide told them, it was time
to prrp.iie for their journey; upon this they arofe,
.iiid in half an hiur were all upon the march, leaving
their liorfe-s and fome of the men behind.

Between La Siancha and the top ot the Peak, there
were two vci y hi^h mountains, bciidc!) the Sugar-loaf,

['7»S'

each of which, i> almoft half a mile's walk. On
the fiilf the rubbifh is fmallei, and they were apt tu
flip back in flcppinK forwards: but the uppermoil was
nothing but a monlTrous heap of hard, rocky, great
Itones, which lie loofc, and are thrown together in a
very confufed manner. After retting fevcral times,
they came to the top of the firft mountain, where
they refrefhed with a little wine and ginger-bread.
Then they began to afcend the fccond, which is
higher than the firft, but better walking, becaufc of
the firmncfs of the rocks. Having laboured up this
feir about half an hour, they had iightof the Sugar-
loaf, which they could not fee before, on account of
the interpofition of thefc great hills. At the top of
this fecond mountain they found a way almofl level,
but bearing fome fmall matter up-hill : and about a
furlong further, came to the foot of the Sugar-loaf,
where, looking upon their watches, they found it to
be jull three o'clock. The night was clear, and in
that place the moon (hone very bright, but over tha
li:a they could lee the clouds, wliich looked like a
valley of a prodigious depth below them. They hail
a brilk air at fouth-eaft-by-fouth, in which point it
ftood for the mod part, during their journey. While
they fat at the foot of the Sugar-loaf, refling and
refrelhing, they faw the fmoke break out in levcral
places, looking like little clouds, which quickly va-
niflied, and were as foon fucceeded by others. At
h:ilf and hour paft three, they fet forward to afcend
this lall and Iteepcft part of Iheir journey; and after
refrelhing twice or thrice. Mr. Edens, with others,
by running, completed it in a quarter of an hour:
but the r; ll, with the guide, did not reach the top till
four.

" The top (lays be) is partly ov.nl, the longefl
diameter, lyiig north-north-weft, and fouth-fouth-
eaft, anel is, as nigh as he could gucfs, about 14.0
yards long; 111 breadth, about 1 10; within the cir-
cuit, is a very deep pit, called the Caldera, or
Kettle, the decpelf part of which lies at the louth
end : it was, he thought, forty yards deep from the
higheft fide of the Peak, but a great deal fhallower
from the fide towards Garrachico. It is very fleep
all round : and in fome places not lefs fo, than the
defcent on the ouifidcof the Sugar-le>af. They went
all to the bottom, where lay a great many very large
Hones, fomc of them higher than their heads. The
earth within the kettle being rolled up long, and put
to a candle, burned like brimftone. Several pl.tces
within-fidc the top were burning, as on the out-fide
has been already obferved j and in fome parts,
turning up the Hones, they found very fine fulphur
fticking to them. At thele holes, where the fmoke
iflued out, it was fo hot, that they could not en-
dure a hand there long. At the north-eaft-by-eaft,
within the verge of the top, was the cave where they
found the dead goat : in which cave fometimcs the
true fpirit of fulphur diftils, as they were told; but
none dropped while Mr. Edens was there. Before
the fun rofe, he thought the air as cold as he had ever
kno«n it in England in the fharpctt froft : he could
fcarccly endure his gloves ofF. A great dew fell all
the while till fun-rifing, which they found by the
wctnefs of their cloaths : yet the fky looked there-
.ibouts as clear as poffible a little after fun-rifing.

They faw the fhadow of the Peak upon the fea,
reachiiig over the ifland of Gomera : and the (haduw
of the upper part, or Sugar-loaf, they faw imprinted
like another Peak, in the fky itfelf, which looked
very aii-.azing : but the air being cloudy below them,
they faw none of the other iflands, but Grand Ca-
naria.

At fix o'clock, on Thurfday morning, they came
down from the top of the Sugar-loaf, and at feven
they came to the ciftern of water, which is reported
to be without bottom. This the guide faid was
falfe : for that abogt feven or eight years before,
when there was a great volcano in this country, the
cave was dry, and he walked all about it : and
the dcepeft part of the water when the author was

there,

i-«s-]

COASTS AND ISLANDS OF AFRICA.

4»7

m,
^a-

me
■en
ted

vas

rft
the
nd
nt
re,

here, WIS not ahovc two futhoms. Mr. Edcns
giirfTcd this cave to be in length, about thirty-five
yard* J in brcinllli tuilve; nm\ its ordinnry depth
tourtcen,whirh thclV.ik-m:\ii told them was lalt-pctrc.
1 here was boHi ice and Inow in it at that time ; and
th'.- ice was of a great thiiknels, covered with water,
ab'iut Icnec deep. 'F'hcy let down a bottle at the
end nt a firing tor Come of the water, which ihey
drank with a little lu^j.ir : but it was the colilclt the
author ever tailed, 'I'he ice being biolien under the
mouth i)f the ca\», they could fee the (lonti lie at
the b'jttiiin, as it was very dear. A little to the
riglit-hand, the ice had rilen up in a hij:h heap,
fpiriiii; like a fugai-loaf, and there he juil;;cd the
water tame in. In their way back, three or four
niilis from tlie I'cak, they palled by a cave, where
there wcrcagicat number of Skeletons and bones of
men ; and fome fay of giants : but they knew not
ho.v many bodies lay tlure, nor how far the cave
extended. On the i 5th of Auguft, about fix o'clock
in the evening, they came home to the port from
whence they let out, having thus fatisficd their
euriolity.— —

The illand Is full of fprlngs of ficfh-water tafting
like milk, which, in Laguna, where the water is
not clear, they depurated by tikering ftoncs. The
author confirms the account which Mr. Nicols
gives of the manner of the interment ufed by the
natives of thefc iflands. He tells us, " That he
went from Giiine, to a to*n for the molt part
inhabited by (ucli a? dirive thcnifelvcs from the
antient Guanches, in company of fomc of them
' view their caves, a f.ivout they leldom or ever per-
..lit to any, having the bodies of their antcllors in
great veneration, and being likewifc extremely averl'c
to the dilJurbing of the dc.id. But having endeared
himfrlf to them, by fevcral cures which he bad per-
Jormed out of charity, for they are very poor, (and
yet the pooreft think themselves too good to marry
with the Spaniards) he obtained the privilege to
vifit thofc caves and bodies : othcrwife, an attempt
might have coft him his life. The corpfes are fcvNcd
up in goat's-fkins with thongs of the fame, in a very
curious manner ; particularly as to the fcains, which
are remark.ibly even and exaft. The (kins are
made very tight to fit the corpfe, which for the moll
part, arc entire : i.n thofe of both fexes are ((ill found
the eyes, ( but clofed ) hair on their heads, ears,
nofes, teeth, lips and beards ; likewife the pudenda
all perfeft, only difcolouicd, and a little fhrivelled.
'I'hedortor law about three or four hundred in feveral
raves, fome of them Itanding, others lying on beds
of wood, fo hardened by an art thiy hail, that no iron
tould pierce or huit it.

Being one day a huntiii!», a ferret, (which is much
in ufe there) hnvinga bell about his neck, ran after
a coney into a hole, where they loll the found of the
bell. I'he owner being afraid he fhould lofe his
ferret, fecking about the rocks and Ihruhs, found the
mouth of a cave ; and entering in, «as lo affrighted,
that he cried out. It was at the fight of one of ihefe
bodies, very tall and large, lying with the head on
a great ftone, the feet fupportcd with a little wall of
fiiinr, the body itfclf reding on a bed of wood (as
before mentioned). The fellow being now a little
out of his fright, entered in, and cut off a great
piece of the Ikin that lay on the breaft of his body ;
which, the dodiir fays, was more flexible ar.d pliant
than ever he telt any kiJ-leather glove : yet lo far
from being lotleu, that the man ufed it for his flail
many ye.-.rs after. Thcfe bodies arc very light as if
made of Ifraw : and in fome tliat were broken, the
nerves and tendons were obferved, as alio the veins
and arteries, like ('rings, vcrvdillinillv.

By the relation of the moll antient among them,
there was a particular tribe tliit had this art only
among themfelves ; which they kept as ;i thing facred,
and nut to be communicated to the vulgar. 'I'heff,
w ho were alio their priefts, mixed not with the tell,
nor married out of their own tribe. But when the

Spaniards conquered the place, moft of them were
dcllroyed, and the art penfhed with them ; only they
had preferved by tradition a few of the ingrcilients
ulcd in this bulinefs, viz. they took butter mixed
(fomc fay) with bear's greafc, kept for the purpofe in
(kins. In this they boilid ciiiain herbs, as a kind
of wild lavender growing pknlilully on the rocks ;
likewifc an heib called Lara, of a very gummy and
glutinouscoiifiHence, found under the tops of moun-
tains : thirdlv, a kind of cyclamen, or fow-bread :
fourthly, wild-fage, <»f which there is plenty here:
and lome others unknown, rendering it thus a perfeifl
balfam. This being prepared, they firll oiibowrleJ
the corpfe, and waihcd it with a lixivium, made of
the bark of pine trees i drying it in the fun in fiim-
mer, and in a Hove in winter. This was repeated
very often. Then, they began their unction
both without and within, drying it as before. This
they continued till the ballam penetrated into the
whole habit, the mul'cles in all parts appeared
throuuh the coiitraifted (kin, and the body became
exceeding light. Alter this, they fewed thcin in
thcgoat-fkiiis, as above mentioned. It is obl'ervablc,
that in the poorer fort, to fave charges, they look out
the brain behind ; they fewed them up alio in (kins,
with the hair on : whereas the richer fort were put up
in (kins fi) finely and exaitly dielicd, that they
remain extremely pliant and (uppic to this day.

Their ancient people lay, that they have above
twenty caves of their kings and great pcrlonages,
with their whole families; yet unknown to any but
themfelves, and which they never difcover : laftly,
this author obl'erves, that bodies are found in the
caves of the Grand Canaria in facks, quite con-
fumed, and not intire as thefc in Tcncrifi'e.— —
They have earthen pots (b hard, that they cannot
be broken; ofthefe, fomc are found in the caves, and
are gem rally ufed by the poorer people that find them
to boil their meat in. In order to give all the light
we ran into the embalming ufed by the Guanchies,
wclhall fubjoin what Sir Ldmund Scory fays of the
matter.

" The ancient Guanchies had an appointed
officer, or cmbalmer, anlwerable to esch fex, whofc
bufinefs was to make a certain piefcrvation com-
pounded of the powder of furzes, and a kind of rough
(tones, the rinds of pine-trees, and feveral herbs in-
corporated together, with goat's butter melted ; and,
after wafliing the dead corpfe, they fluffed it with thit
balfam for fifteen days fuccelTivcly, laying it in the
fun to dry : the frientls of the deccafed keeping thcfe
as days of mourning for them. This done, they
wrapped the body in goat-fkins, fewed together with
great nicety, and carried it, thus made up, to a
deep cave, to which none could have acccfs."

It is obferved that Teneriffe abounds with
wheat, and barley, and excels the red in plenty of
all fuch kind of provifions, fruits and flowers, as grow
upon any of the iflands. Captain Roberts faw here
a great coral tree, " perhaps the largcft (fays he) yet
known in the world." Another v<n agcr, befides the
dragon-tree and Aloes plant, mentions the pine, a
native of Teneriffe. This tree yields a certain gum or
pitch, which they extradl in thi- manner : they lay
the cleft wood crofs-ways over a pit, and then let
fire to them at top, which forces the pitch to run out
below.

The ifl.ind produces three forts of excellent wines,
Canary, Malmfey and Verdona, which may all go
under the denomination of Sack. The vines which
yield the Canary, are (aid to have been tranfplanted
itithrr from the Rhine by the Spaniards, where meet-
ing with abetter foil, inftead of (harp Rhcnifli, they
produce that delicious wine, vended all over Eu-
rope.

We are told by Captain Roberts that there is a gold
mine lying within the Point de Negos. On which
occafion he obferves, that a poor man, more hafty
to get rich than his neighbours, was taken up on one
of ihefe golden mountains, with fuch tools and in-<

..(umcats

418

VOYAGES TO THE

['7'5.

ftrumcntt about |iim, as plainly (hewed what he had
been I't-arching for, and that fomcf^old alt'u being found
upon him, he was hanged but a few days betorc the
author's arrival.

1 he vines, whieh produce the excellent wines
peculiar to this ifland, all grow about the city, within
ii mile of the Tea, fuch as are planted farther up in the
land not being ellccmcd, nor will they thrive in any of
the olher illands.

In fome places of this ifland grows a fhrub called
Lc.;njn, which is brought to England for I'weet
wuud. Here ate Iikiwifc apricots, peach and pear-
trees, that bear twice a year ; and the Prcgnada le-
n\on, which hath a fmallonc within it, from whence
it takes its name, is found here. They have fome
rolton and coloquintida. — — The roles blow at
Chriltmas) here are good carnations; but no tulips
will tlirive. Samphire covers all the rocks, and
the ground abounds in clover. Another gral's grows
near the lea of a broader leaf, fo lufcious and rank,
th.it it will kill a horle, yet is not fo pernicious to
other hearts. Eighty cars of wheat have been found to
fpring from one root ; the grain of this kind is Iranf-
parcnt like the purell yellow amber; and in a good
year, one bulhel of feed had yielded a hundred.

The Canary birds, which are brought to England,
breed in the channels, ni.ulc by the water pouring
down from tha mountains, and arc very cold. Here
are alio (juails and partridges larger than thofc in
En::lanJ, and very beautiful. Cireat wood-pigeons,
turtles in the (piiig, and crows; — and foinetimes
the falcons fly from ihc coall of tiarbary. Bees prol-
pcr in ihc mountains exceedingly.

Of rtfl), there is the cherna, very large, and of a
finer relilh than any in Englaiui. The mero, dol-
phius, fliarks, and lobfters, which have no great
claws, which are reckoned the very belt (hell filh in the
world; they grow in the rocks fi.'cor fix under one
great (hell, through the top holes of which, they peep
out with their heads ; by which, the flitlls being a
little more broken open, they are drawn out. There
is alfo another fort of Hfh like an eel, which has fix
or fcven tails, of a fpan long, pointed to one body,
and a head about the fame length, Befides ihefe, they
have turtles, and cabrido's, which arc better than
turtles.

Santa Cruz is a haven lying on the north-eart fide;
bcfides which, there are three fine cities, St. Cl)rif-
toval dc laLaguna, Oratava, and Garrachico, already
noticed.

The ifland is parted in the midft with a ridge of
mountains, and looks, in this refpe<5t, not much un-
like the roof of a church, having the Peak for a (leeple.
The land is divided into twelve parts, ten of them
are taken up in impaflable rocky hills, woods, or
vineyards, the remainder only arable land. In 1582,
5200 hannacks of wheat were gathered, befides infi-
nite (lore of rice and barley, hour hannacks and a
half make one cjuartcr Eni^lifli. It is a rich foil, and
with proper tillage would bare every thing that is va-
luable and rare. The vineyards are chiefly in Bona
V'iita, Dante, Oratava, Tiguefie, and elpecially the
Ramble, which laft produces the bcft wine of all.
There are two forts, viz. Vidonia, andMalmfey. Vi-
donia conies from a long grape, and is a heavier wine ;
the .VlalmlLy from a large round grape ; it never fours
with heat, nor fieczcs into ice with cold. For fruits
there are no where to be found better melons. Pome-
granates, ponitcitrons, figs, oranges, lemons, al-
monds and dates, hoiiLy, and confequcntly wax, and
(ilk of an excellent quality.

The north fide abounds with wood as well as wa-
ter. There grow the cedar, cyprefs, and bay-tree,
the wild olive, maftic, and favinc, with beautiful
palm and pine-trees, very tall and ftrait. There are
abundance of them all over the ifland; and all the
wine-calks and wooden utenfils are made of this
wood. Befides the ftraight pine, there is another fort
which grows I'preading like Lnglifli oaks; this they
cjill The immortal Tree, becaufu it never rots either

under ground, or in the water. It is almoft as red as
Utafil wood, and its hard, but notfo unctuous as the
other pine. Here is alfo the dracon-lree ; the trunk
is very thick, and rifes vaftly high, the bark being
like thefcaleof a ferpent, whence he fuppoles it had
its name, I'he branches all ifluing from the lop are
all wove in pairs like the mandragora ; they are
formed as round and (iiiooth as a man s arm, the le.ivc*
about two feet long, growing as it were out of the
fingers. It is not of a woody fubftancc within the
baik, but confifts only of a light fpongy pith, with
which they commonly make bce-liives. Towards the
lull of the moon, it fweals out a clear vermilion
gum, which they call Botter, and far more aftringent
than what comes from Goa, and the £a(l Indies,
which the Jews adulterate,

Tenerifie is the heft peopled, for its bignefs, of
any ifland in the ocean, containing about 1 5000 in-
habitants. According to fome, it was reported the
ifland could raife 12,000 men with proper arms and
accoutrement. — As to the Spani(h inhabitants, the
people of quidity arc very alt'able and courteous, but
the vulgar fort, like thofc in Spain, very proud and
lazy.

Cjomera (lands to the wcflward of TenerilTe, at
fix leagues diftant. It is but a fmall ifland, being no
more than eight leagues in length, yet an earldom ;
but in Ci/c of controvcrfy, the vallals of the earl of
fiomera, have an appeal to the king's judges, who
refide as above-mentioned in Canaria.

Here is one good town, called Ciomera, which has
an excellent port or harbour for (liips, where the In-
dian fleet often take in refreflimcnts for their voyage.
There is alfo grain with fruit fuflicicnt for fupport of
its iniiabitants ; and one fugar-work ; with great
plenty of wine, with leveral lorts of fruit, fuch as
Canaria and Tenerirte produce. This ifland yields
no other commodity, but Otchel. It (lands in 27 de-
grees north latitude.

Palma i^ 12 leagues dillant from Gomera, north-
well. It lies round, being in circuit near twenty-
five lean;ues. It .ibounds in wine and fugar. It hat
a hanillome city, called Palma, where there is a great
trade in wines tor the Well-Indies, and other parts.
I'he city Uas one church, and a governor, and an al-
derman to adminifier jullice. This ifl.ind had alfo
another pretty town, called St. Andrew's. Here are
four works, where they make excellent fugar, two of
them are called Zauzes, and the other two Tafi'acort ;
but the land yields but little corn, with which the
inhabitants are fupplicd from Tenerift'e, and other
places. Their bell wines grow in a foil called the
Brenia, where there is made yearly 12,000 buts of
wine, like Malmfey. It has great plenty of every fort
of fruit, as Canaria and Tenerifi'e have, and plenty
of cattle.

About the year 1652, there broke out a volcano on
this ifland, with fo violent an earthquake, that it was
felt at Tenerifte, where the noife of the flaming brim-
done was heard like thunder by the gentlemen wha
gave the account, as well as others ; and the fire
was feen for fix weeks together, as plain by night as a
candle in the room, A great quantity of a(hes and
fand were alfo carried fo far as to that ifland,

FhRRO, or the Ifle of iron, (lanils two leagues dif-
tant from Palma, north-weft. It is but fmall, about
fix leagues in circuit, and belongs to the earl of Go-
mera. It is.fituate in the latitude of 27 degrees,— —>
The chief commotlities of this place are goats flc(h,
and orchel. There was never a vineyard upon the
ifland but one, which was planted by an EnglKhman
of Taunton in the weft, whofe name was John Hill,
It has no frefh water but what comes bv rain, which
is gathered in the following manner: In the middle
of the ifland grows a great tr^c, with leaves like an
olive. This tree is conftantly covered with clouds,
and they fay the leaves drop very fweet and wholc-
fome water into a great ciltern, which is built under
the tree. The water thus taunht not only ferves all
the wants of the people, but there is enough alio fur

tke

f+16.]

COASTS AMD ISLANDS OF A I' R IC t.

<i<i

o nt

and

the

lich

Idle

Kis.

)lc-
idcr

for
tJiP

the csttli". Sonic obfiTvc that this tree is alxiiit >wo
t;uhoin« hick in the trunk, 40 feet in hcii;ht, and
rxtcnHs Its branches rniind to the diameter of i;.o.
Dajiper writes thut the miftn or clouds which cuver
rlie tree at all times, except the hotteft part of the day,
vaft fo great a dew upon it, that the leavei continually,
drop cliar water, to the ciuanlity of 20 ton< in the
ilay, which fdlls Into two llonu cifterns, each twenty
Icct fiiuare, and 16 hards deep, made for that pur-
jjoli', on I ho north fide of the tree. He adds, that
liiL' inhabitants call this tree Ciaroc, and the Span-
larJs, Santa, or Holy 1 that it is of a competent
liv.e, and has leave* always green, like the laurel, but
not inucli bigi^er than thofc of a nut-tree, and a fruit
like an acorn in the (hell, with a very fwect and fpicy
k';rn^l. Kor bLttcr prcfervation, it is incloled with
,i llone-wall.— Thii account is indeed extraordinary.

When the Spaniards, nt the conqucft of this ifland,
found no lprinj;s, wells, nor rivers of frelh water,
the natives tolii thctri, that they prcferved the rain-
water in vtfl'els ; forthov had concealed the tree, co-
vring it willi cane;, carrh, and other things, in hopes
the Spaniard*, by this means, would be forced to leave
the ifland. Udt ihisdid not long remain a fccrct, for
.1 woman difcuvcred it to her Spanidi (gallant.

Tht^re is generally fuppofed to be but one tree con-
cerned in collciitin:; the water; but Sir Richard
Hawkins introduces a great number to fcrvo that pur-
jiofc. ric tells us, that the tree (lands in a valley, fur-
loundcd by a thick wood of lofty pines, which, be-
ing (haded from the fun a great part of the day, by the
hij'h mountains to the fouth-ea(t, the vapours and ex-
halations rifln; out of the valley gather into a cloud
or thick mill, which falls in dew upon the pines, and
from them to this tree in the bottom, and lb into a
cilKrn orbafon built round the foot of it. This af-
fords great relief to the people as well as the cattle.
But, however thi! main fupply in this article depends
upon the rain, which they catch with great diligence,
and rcferveitin cilterns for that purpolc.

Lc Mairc treats this account, which others have
delivered fo fcrioully, .is a fusion. As he had for-
merly heard of this tree, when he was there he in-
quired into the truth of it, mentioning the particu-
lars as above related ; and the inhabitants he tells us,
confirmed him in the opinion he had before enter-
tained of it, that it was a mere fable. It may be ob-
jedlcd, perhaps, to the account of Le Mairc, that
the inhabitants, he h.id made his inquiry of, were thofe
of Tenerifit, and not of Ferro itfelf, and that what
follows feems to prove the hSi in the mairt, viz.
That fomc of the inhabitants informed him, that
there was fuch a fort of trees in the ifland, but that
they never furni(hcd fuch a prcnligious quantity of
water as was pretended.

A traveller, called Lewis J-tckfon, faid he faw this
treeiiti6l8, when he was upon the ifland ; that it is
as big as an oak, and has a bark as hard as timber,
fit for beams ; that it is fix or feven yards high, with
ragged boughs, and a leaf like a bay-tree, hut white
on the under fide. It bears neither flowers nor fruit,
is fituate on the fide of a hill, locks withered in the
day, and drops in the night, (a cloud then hanging
upon it) yielding water enough for the whole ifland.
The water is conveyed in leaden pipes from the
tree Jto a large rcftrvoir, which is intirely walled
round with bricks, and floored with ftones, from
whence it is tondufted (being carried uphill in bar-
rels) to feveral Icfler ciftcrns alt through the ifland.
'I'he great balbn is filled every night.

The matter is thus left doubtful in regard to this
circumdance. Linfchotcn indeed, fays, " There is
water to be had in fome places towards the fea-coaft,
but that it is fo hard to come at, that it is of little
ufe to the inhabitants ; and thiit the foil is fo dry, that
there is not a drop of water to be met with all over
the ifland befidcs, except at the faid tree. He fays
alio, that the ifland is unfruitful and barren." How-
«ver, others, fince he wrote, informs us. That this
i(land produces corn, and fugar-canes, plenty of fruit

Vol. I. No. 37.

nnil plants, IxTiJes ;,reat plenty cf Culile, wli'rh fui-
ni(h the inh.ihltuiits uitli milk ai:d clieel.', Th' ic is a
volcano upon ir, wliii h li>Mieliii.es has irruptions : 11
was fern for five day* in Nmcii'l'i r, l^'/y, f'>J iii',a!n
in 1692, fix weeks togethci, when it broke out witli
earthquakes.

I/Anzarota lies in j6 dej^vees of latitude, t\i
leagues frimi (irai\d Canaiia, Icaith-call, anil i» in
length laleaijues. 'I he only cinnn.odities here wiic
goats (ijlh and orchel. It is an vyrldoni, and be-
longs to Don AugulUno de Herrcra, as carl of I'oue-
ventura and Lanrurota i hut the v.ifl'als of all tliolf
earldoms have, in cal'c of any grievanic, an appeal
to the king's judjres, who refule in Canaria, Teiie-
riffe, and I'alma, where are hnats laden wiili diicd
gnats flelh, Whieh is a very good meal.

This ifland is about 13 leagues from north to louth«
nine in breadth, and forty in circuit. Gramaya, in
hisdefcription of Airica, places the city Cayas here,
which, together with the ifland, Wis pillaged by ths
Aljterines, who carried away captive 1460 men.

Here is on the illand a city of the lame nam;, and
lower down, on the eaftern coa(t arc two ports, on«
railed Puerto de Navos, or the Port of (hips. The
other, Puerto do Cavallos, or of Horfes. They are
had havens, and about a cannon (hot afunder. The
firft of them, which is deeped, goes between two
ledges o( roujts, tiie channel being uneven and rotky,
fo that if the (hip (hould ftrike, it would prcfently be
daOled to pieces. There are no houfes near the ports {
only at Cavallos there is a little church. They go
from thence, between the mountains to the town j
vsliich is three leagues.

This place was taken by the earl of Cumberland in
IJ56, who fetting forward on this expedition on
I hurfday ihe i3lh of April, 1596, had fight of Ale-
granza, the moft nofthcrly ot the Canaries, and
(bon after they defcried three hills or iflands, calleil th«
Grange, leaving all to the weft, in the afternoon they
cai.ie up with Lanzarota ; and next morning anchored
in a road, which bears ea(t fouth-ea(t of the iflandj
near a dangerous ledge of rocks.

The earl having been informed that the marquis,
who was lord both of this town and Fortiiventura,
refidcd here, and was poftlTed of riches to the value of
one hundred thoufand pounds; difpatched Sir Jodn
Herkeley, his lieutenant-general, being himfclf a
little indifpofcd, with a force of between five and
fix hundred men, to attack the town, which was ten
miles at leaft from their l.inding place. The way
they went, in their opinion, was the ncareft, but »
very bad road, full of ftones .'.nd fand. When tbty
arrived at the town, they found it deferted by the la-
habitants, who had curried o(F almoft every thing 1
they found, however, fome excellent wine and plenty
of chccfe.

From hence Sir John fent a detachment to the
c.iftlc, a ftrong fortrefs lying up hill about half a
mile ofl^ the town ; where eighty of an hundred
Spaniards and iflanders, who were in and about it;
flying on their approach, they entered, and found
above a dozen brais guns, the leaft bafcs ; but moft
culvcrins, and demi-culverins all difmounted : and
great heaps of ftones laid in the moft advantageous
pl.-cef. It was built of hewn ftonc, and flanked
very ftrongly and flcilfully, both for oftynce and de-
fence : with this remarkable contrivance ; that the
part or entrance into it, was raifed about a pike's
length from the ground, fo that if they drew in
their ladder, twenty might have kept it againll 500.
The town confiftcd of upwards of looo houfes, all
poor buildings, generally but of one ftory, covered
only with canes or ftones laid umn a few rafters, and
over all a coat of dirt, which .inrdened by the fun,
became rain proof. There was a church without a
window, the light coming in at the door only. There
was no partition for a chancel, but ftone feats along
the fides, and at one end an altar, with the proper

furniture ; the people quite full of the Romifli

fuperftition.

4 S The

'tA:,

4ie

VOYAGES '!• () T ir K

" 'I'lic iiili.i'.'ii.inl- ; f.i}'« ihc aiiihor) were of a black
i.nipli.sioii, vuiy III! 11^ ami actiM', t.ill, nnd us l\\itt
in ili.1t inouiiluliiniis iiiiinirv, :tlmi>(l as lliiir cainil»,
lirn could the EiijjIiOi, whom tluv .utacki-il in tluir
m^irch, ever ciiriic up with any ot ihiin. 'I'htiraims
air |iiki"< and llavis ; mid whin a picrc is piclcntcd tu
lift at them, as Inon ai thoy perceive the cock or
match l-iil, they throw tlicinlclvcs immcJiatilv Hat
upon llic grniinJ i and nu loonci is the report heard,
Init tli.v Tc upai^ain, and fin^ (heii (tones out ol
their h.iiid«, unJ charging; with their pikes in a I'cat-
Irrcd v«a< , cacli by himleir, they very much annoy a
rcgiihir battalion.

" The iflc (trctchcs north north-eaft and fouth-weft ;
it Ihiuls in zH degrees and fume minutes north, and
is parted (juite through (as the Appenines mountains
part Italy) by a bridge ot hilU, lerving only to feed
goatsanJ Ihetp, which tlicy had a pretty (tore of) »s
alio of afll's. Hut there were few cattle, fewer ca-
mels, and Icfs geniiets, and thefe too of no great (hi-
turc. The valleys were very dry and fandy, fome-
what like rye fields in Kngland ; but yet tbey yielded
tolerable good barley and wheat j and they had two
harveft* every year.

FoRTEVKNTURA ftands in the latitude of 27 de-
grees, 50 leagues from the proinontoiy of Cabode

fM5f

filler, on the rotuiiic i id Alili-i, and 14 le.inuei
dill.uit froni C'aiiari.,, (.iltaird. It is i^; le.irtueS
loii^', and ten bro.ul, and lielongs to tiic I, old rif l,,in-
/.aiota. It produces giiit pli illy of wlitat and birlev,
alio of cows, goats, ..nd orcliel. Uut neiihii this
nor J.anitaruta have .ii>v quantity if wine of ih>ir
own rMowtli. (Ja the iii>rih lidc lies a litlli' iij.iiid
called Uratiola, about a league'i< diltaiKc. Tin.- ^>iic
between is luvigable for Ihips of any buitlkii, lis
length, from loutli-tvclt tu norili-eal), i« alinut .'5
leagU'.'S ; but the breadth is very irregular ) tor it coii-
filis of two pcninfulas, joined in (he middle by an
illhmrs, no mori: than four Icai'uis liruad, acrolis
which formerly there ranged » wail. Theciicuit is
near jo leagues, by realun of the two gulphs made by
the ilihmiis.

It has three cities on the fca-coaft, viz. F.angala,
'J'arafalo, and Poz/.o Negro. On the north lide there
is a haver., called Ch.-ibras ; and another very com-
modious one on the weft. And between this inand
and I.anzarota thert: opens a fine found, big enough
to receive the largcft fleet on a rendezvous ) but the
coalt, at the north-call end, is very foul, with many
reefs that lie out,* on which the lea breaks cxce-cd-
in-ly.

THE VOYAGE of ALUISE DA CADA MOSTO, in 1455, alonc, THE
COAST OK AFRICA, as far as RIO GRANDE.

WE have two voyages of Cada Mofin, one of
which v^'as that to Ciambia, and Rio Grande,
the other to the Cape Verde illands, as has been al-
ready dcfcribed.

The author informs us, that he was twenty-two
years of age when he fct out upon this voyage ; and
had, before that, failed in fomc parts of the Mediter-
ranean, under the jurildiction of the republic, and
had been in I'l.Tnders, whither his intention was to
have returned, in order to better his foituiie j for his
whole thoughts were bent on employing his youth in
the acquifition of riches, that afterwards, with the
experience he fhould have of the world, he might at-
tain to fomc degree of honour.

Having refolved to return to Flanders with what
little money he had, embarked on board the Venetian
galleys, commanded by Captain Marco Z'.n, knight ;
they departed from Venice on the 8th of Auguft,
1454. Being detained by contrary winds, near Cape
St. Vincent, it happened, that Prince Henry of Por-
tugal, was at that time lodged in a village called
Ripofera, near the Cape, having retired from the
noife of buflncfsto this agreeable retreat, for the fake
of his ftiulies. Hearing of their arrival, he fcnt An-
tonio Gonfalez, his fecretary, accompanied by one
Patricio di Conti, who faid he was a Venetian, and
conful from the republic in Portugal, as appeared by
his commiflion. He had likewil'c a falary from Prince
Henry. Thefc gentlemen brought fomc famples of
Madeira fugars, Dr.igon's blood, and other commodi-
ties of the countries and iflands belonging to that
prince. They afked tliofeon board the galleys fcveral
qucft'jns ; and inff.vmcd them, that Prince Henry
had caufed fomc defart illands lately difcovered, to be
inhabited, and that as a proof thereof, thcv had fliewn
them the faid valuable produflions. They added,
That all this was nothing in comparifon to greater
things which that prince haJ performed, declax-

ing, that fince fuch a year, he had difcovered feat
which had never been failed through before, and lands
ol ilivers Itrangc nations, where wonderful things
were found. That the Portuguelb, who had been in
thofe remote parts, had made great advantage by tra-
ding with the inbabitants, and gained 700orioco
per cent. They related fo many things on this head,
that ih? Venetians were very much altoniflied, and
Cada Mollo in particular, being Inflamed with a dtfirc
of vifiting thefe places, afked, if the prince would
lulf'er any perfon to go who had a mind ? They an-
fwered in the affirmative, and iikewile acquainted him
with the terms required of the pcifon who lliould un-
dertake fuch a voyage, which was cither tu be at the
whole expcnce of fitting out and freighting a vellel,
or clle at the charge of freight only ; the prince pro-
viding him with a caraval. I'hat, in the hrll cafe, he
lhould,on his return, allow the prince one fourth pait
of his cargo, as a duty, the rcli to remain his own
property ; and in the fccond cafe to divide whatever
was brought from thofe places equally with the prince;
and in cafe of no returns at all, then thj whole c.\-
pcnce to be defrayed by the prince. They declared,
however, that it was impolublc to make a voyage
without great profit. They added. That the prince
would be very well pleafed with any Venetian who
Ihould undertake fuch a voyage, and /hew him great
favour; becaufc he was of opinion, that fpicrs, and
other rich merchandife, might be found in thofe parts,
and knew that the Venetians underftood thofe com-
modities conftderably better than many other na-
tions.

Cada Mofto went along with the fecretary and the
conful to lie Don Henriquez, who confirmed what
they had told him, and encouraged him by promifes
of honour and profit, to go. The .tuthor being
young, and of a conftitution able to bear fatigue, as
well as dvftrous to fee tholb parts of the world, never

befon

1410

COASTS AND ISLANDS OF AFRICA.

4JI

before known to any Venetian, and alfo to advance
hii ti)rtiuir, ai:cc|)tiil ot tlic iMvitnlinn. Alter tlii«,
he informed hnniVlf cuiicernin); the mcrchaadilv
proper for fuch ,t voyage, and then returned to the
galleys : where having difpofed of all the gondii which
no had fliippcd for the l<t\\ countries, iia bruiiuht on
board fuch things at he thought nece/lary for inc ex-
pedition, and tlicn landed i leaving tbe gallevi to
prorci-d cm ih<ir voyjige for FUnderi. The I'rincc
fhcwid great fatiifadion at C«da Molio's relblution,
arid entertained him very handlomely at Cipc bl.
Vincei'.t, where having waited a great many dayt ; at
length, ihc prince ordered him to rig a new caraval
of about 90 lonii burthen, of which one Vincent
i)ia7., a native of Lago, (a place about lO utiles
diitant) was commander. 'I'lie caraval being ready,
and furni.'hed with every thing ncccflary, they began
their voyage on the 22d of March, 1455, with a full
wind at north-calf, iind by-north, ifeerinp; tlieir
courfe towards the iflands of Madeira. Un the asth,
they came to the idand of Puerto Santo, about 000
miles fouthward from the Cape whence they fet out.

From Puerto Santo, which was dilcovered near
twenty-feven yei". before ; they failed on the 2Hth of
March, and the fame day came into Monchrico, one
of the iflands of Madeira, forty miles dilUnt. — As we
have already defcribcd this and the fcven Canary
idands : we fliall not trouble the reader with the
voyager's obfcrvations on them, but fliall only quote
one of hit obfcrvations on the cuftom'i of the nation,
when he was in thofe parts. " 'I'hefe iHaadcrs,
(fays he) have the following remarkable culloms.
when their lords iirll enter on their new pollcllion,
fome offer to die, in order to do honour to the fcaft.
On which they all repair to the brink of a certain deep
valley, where, after having performed fome ceremo-
nies, and faid a few words, he who is willing to
die for love of the new lord, throws himfclf into the
valley, and is daflicd to pieces. The lord, in return,
is obliged to do great honour and fervice to the rela-
tions of the deccafcd. This account was confirmed
by tbe Canary Chriftians, who efcapcd from among
them.

" They are very aillivc and nimble, great ruuncrs
and leapcrs, being accudomed to traverle the clitfs of
the mountains. I'hcv fkip barefooted, from (tone to
ftone, likegoatni and fometimes take leaps, which
are fcarccly to be believed. They throw a ftone
with great ffrength, and exaclncfs ; lo as to hit where
they pleafe. Both fexcs know how to paint their
bodies, green, red, and yellow, with the juice of
herbs i and they look upon fuch colours as ornamen-
tal, as Europeans do line cloaths." Cada Mofto was
in two of the Canary Iflands, viz. Ciomera and
Ferro : he alfo touched at Palma, but did not land.

Holding on his courfe towards Ethiopia, Cada
Mofto, in a few days arrived at Cape Blanco, diftant
from the Canaries about 870 miles. It is to be
oblerved, that in this pafTage, ftcering fouth, they
kept a great diftance from the African Coall, which
was on the left hand, the Canaries being advanced
far into the lea towards the weft, the one more than
the other. Thus they failed till they had run two
thirds of their w.iy from the iflands to the cape ; and
then kept clofer to the left, till they got fight of
lanJ, that they might not pafs the cape without feeing
it; for afterwards no land appears for aconfidera-
ble while. The coaft runs in from this cr.pr, and
forms a gulph, called the Forna of Arr;in, from a
little ifland Atuatcd in the gulph; and fo named by
the inhabitants of the country of Argin. The gulph
enters about fifty miles ; and has three other iflands,
to which the Portugucfc give names. The firft they
called Blanco, or White, on account of its fands : |
the fecond, the Ifland of the Garzc, or White Herons j
(for there they found as many of thefe birds eggs as
filled two boats) : the third, they called Cuori. They
are all fmall, fandy, and uninhabited iflands. In
that of Argin, there is plenty of frefli water : but in
the rcil none. '

It is f.iid, tliit fiiiilhwards I'roni the vMu'^ltts <if
(iiliiaitai, the co.ill, whiih is iliat ol liathitv, i-.
nh.ibitcil no farther than (.'ape Cantin : IriMii
whence to Cape Blanco, is the I'mdy tounlry or
Uelarl, (leparati-d Itoni B.irb.iry lit the nioiriiiairiMMl
the north) culled Sarr.i by ihi' n.iiivis) but on the
louth coi\Hiies wrth the nc^ro c<..iil, and wmild rt<|uirc
lil'iy or fixty d.iys tocrols i in ImiK- plati> iiicni', lumi..
Ids. This dclart rtialu* to tl.o uciaii, .'<iid is all
Tandy, white, and dry; the i' uhiry l..w, and |j
pl.tin, that it dues not lieni t» be lii^^hcr in one
place than anutlur, till Cape Blanco iippi'irs. It
ii a moll beautiful cape, as beinj; trian^nlir, tluit
is, having three points in liont, iibmit a niili ilill.iiu
from each other. Various |i its of latgi tilh ,irid
exceeding good, arc found on this coaft : iIk (iiilpU
of Argin Is all over fhallow, biiiij; full of (ho.ii^,
boath ol rocks and (.inds. Tlure .ire L'ri'it curienti
n this gulpli i and no lafe f;iiliii|'. but by day, »iih
the lead in hand ; and that at roidini; to ibc ltre:mi :
two (liips h.ul been uluMdy lull on ibv k IIwmIs, Capu
Blanco lies |ii«th-we(k ol Cape C.intiri.

Behind C:i|il Blanco, on tbe ciruiiRiii, tluir ii a
place called HiuIlii, li< days journey on Cin.cU, fiinii
the flioic. This place is not walled; but nucl»
frequented by the Ai.ibs, and the caravmis, which
come from roinbuto, and other pl.iccs belonging to
the iicgios to tills fide of Barb iry. Tlicii provilnii mii.
lids of dates and barley ; of which they have plenty.
They drink camels milk, .iiid lli t of other amiiials;
lor they have no wine. Tluy b .e cuus and " uits,
but nut many, becaufe the land is vi ly dry. Th. ir
oxen and cows are very fmall in compariroii 10 iholc
of Italy. The inbabitaiils are Mahometans, ami
great enemies to Chrillians. They arc never fettled,
but wander continually over the defarts. I'h.v liv-
q'lent the countries of the ncj;ros, and vifit tliat fulo
of Barbary which is ncNt the Mediterraiuaii. Thiv
travel in great numbers, with a niiiiierous train of
camels, on which thty carrv braCs, lilvcr, and other
things from Barbury to 'I'oinbuto, aiul the e. untrv of
the negtos : from which they biing [-.old .mil n aUie-
gctle. They are of a tawnv colmii. lioth lescs
wear a Angle white garment, with a red border, witii-
out any linen underneath, luxt ib^ir fkiii. Tiic
men have turbans on their heads, in the Mooiillj
falhion ; and always go barefmied. There ;:re,
in the fandy defart, many lions, leopards, and
oftrichcs.

Prince Henry had made an ordin.'.i.i.o, wiiicli was
to be obl<:rved lor ten years, on the iil.ind of Argin,
viz. that no perl'on fhould enter into this i;iilpl:, tor
trade with the Arabs, except fuch as were then' de-
fcribed, and had habitations and fa£lors nn the ill.iiid,
who dealt with the Arabs that came to the cuad nnj
fell them fevcral forts of goods ; fuch as cloth, flufiV,
lilver, frocks, tapeftry, and other merchaiiJiie ;
and take in return, negroes and gold. Thcpiir.ee
alfo caufed a cattle to be built on tin' iflmul to fecurc
the trade, and caravals from Portirjjal arrive there
every year.

'I hey have many Barbary horfes, which thcv csrry
to the country of the negroes, and there b;;rui with
the great men for flaves, haviiii; from ten 10 ( '"htL^n
for each horfe, according to its gniHliiefs : they alfo
bring wrought filks of Gianada ;i;ul Tunis; lilver,
and a great many other things ; lor which thty re-
ceive plenty of Haves, and fome p,eld. Thefe il.ives
are brought to Hodcn, from whence ibcy arc fent to
the mountains of Bartea, and from ilunce to Si^i'y j
part of them arc alio broujiht to Tunis, and abuii;
the coaft of Barbary; and alio the relf to Ar^;iii,
and fold to the licenl'ed Portu;j,uil> ; every yc^r be-
tween fevcn and eight hundred flaves are fent fioin
Argin to Portugal.

Before this trade was fettled, the Portugucfc cara-
vils, (fometinics four, and fomttimcs more,) uled ti.»
ct ue to the gulph of Argin, well armed, and, land-
ing by night, furprifcd fome fifhermens villaf^cs :
they evcM entered into the country,, and carried off

Aiab»

«:»

VOYAGES TO THE

f'4J«

Ai ihi of both (cxm, wliich thry fold in i'<iriii[>.il.

J lii'v tailed III ihit manner ilung *hr oi^ll lo (hr
rivor i)i.iir((4, which it very ttrgr, u.M divulvt ihv

Ax^iiia^'hi (iji Axinglii) liom the iH'gro*.

J'lit' Axaiiiighi urctjwnvi <>r rathrr .'<( « drfp
jirn.vii cunipl' vi i iiid live in Innii! pbi'i on ihv
cn.Ut, Uvdiid C'.i|'it rti....ro. 'I'hiv ran;',c the Hclrrli,
Hi'd contini: wiih »lir Arjbi of Hmlcn. Tlify live
I'll d.ii <, I'trlcv, '.iiH cimil'* iialk. liut ai (licy nrc
iii'aiei ihc Ml ^■,u> cciintiii «, ihT) c.it y on a irndt with

ilain I tidni wIiciup they have niilli'l .tiul pull't, luih
,i» bciin« fiT ilicn fu|i|>i)it, 'I'hcy lur but (null c«t-
tM, .mil fuller hiiiii;ii paliintlv.

'f licfo A/niiajhi h;ivt' a cuHom of wmrinp n hand-
kerchief riiiiiid ihcir hc;uU ; a piece of wliiih covert
thi'ii eve«, with P'lrt nl llii note iinil mouth. They
rM'kunxI the niuiith lo ho a thinj; (limild he alwny*
ki'pt out I't figlit. Thry have no lord?, among therii,
lint the riih .nr rel|H'<;iid lometliiiij; more than the
kIK 1 h,- people aie very piMir, nnJ e(.;re:;ii>iit liartj
tlw !;r.'atell thii-vet in the world, and very treache-
rou^'i Iran, .I'ld of a rommon Haliire. I'hey wear
fhiir hiir, whiiii it black, (ii//nl over thiir ftioul-
dci-., like llii: titrnians, and oil it ever) day with the
(M o( tllh, which makes them fniell viry Itronp;, yel
lliiv upuu it vcfv niodifli, Ihc A/nnaghi never
he.r.' <'f any Clifilti.iiit evirpt the IVirtii;;iiefe, with
wliom tliiv had war for thiru^n or fourteen ytarsj
in which fevLi.il i.f them were carrii'd olf and (oM fur
ll.ivc. I'ada ^tolto affiims, that when thiy firll favv
lliip< ,it fra 'a thiiv^ never beheld hv any of their
i.iucltor^) th'.v took them for large hiids with white
wiii'^x, th.it had come from fortij-n parts. When
the fail* wire furled they concluded that the (hipt
were fi(h liv their li nptli j others beliived they were
tiiirifi. I'iic truth of what the author relates was
lertificd by many A/.an.i;;hi, who wtre then (layes in
Po.rui^al, as well as by the Por*||licl(', who frc-
il'ienll-d tliofe lea« at that time in their caravels.

About fix days journey by land from Hoden, there
is a place tailed I'cgav'./.a, which fii;nific« n chcH ol
gold i where large quantities of rink fait are dug
every year, .mil c.irricd on caravels of canuls by the
Arabs and Aiana;;hi in feparatc companies lo 'I'om-
buto, and from thence to the empire of Melli, lic-
longing to the negros. Being arrived here, they dil-
pol'e of their fait in eight days, at the rate of between
two and three hundred mitigals (the value of a ducat
each) the load, accordiiv; to the quantity thereofj
sifter which they return home with their gold.

'• '['his empire (fay^ ihc author) atfords very
bad nouiiftiimnt for licills, infomuch that out of
one hundred which go with caravans, fearce twenty-
live return. Neither are there any quadrupeds in
this empire, for they all die. Several of the Arabians
and .'V/aiiaghi fukcn and die likcwife, through the
• xcelfivc Ilea . 1 hey reckon it to bt forty days jour-
ney on horfbaik, tVoni 'le-'azia to Toinbuto } and
fiom Tonihuto to .Melli, thirty. Cada Mofto having
inquired of them, what ufc the merchants of Melli
inide Ji'f the filt .' was anfwcrcd, firlf, that a Imall
qitant'tv of it was confuined in their own country j
lor, that as they lay near the IJiie, « here the days
and ni.''ik are of an equal length, at certain feafons
of the year the heats wore cxceflivc, and putrified the
hloou ; lo tliat bill foi that fait, they would certainly
die, Th re is no art in preparing it j they only
take a piece every day, and dillidvc it in a porringer
of watii, ilrink it ol^"; and by this means prcfe^ve
their iie„lrh, as they imagine. The remainder of the
fait is carried a long way in pieces, by men, on their
heads, every piece being as much as a man can bear.
The lalt is brought to Melli in large pieces taken
out of the rocks, each camel being loaded with two.
T here the negros break thcni in fmallcr pieces, for the
conveniency of carrying on the head ; and muftir a
large number of foormt-n for that purpofe. Thrfe
porrers have a large fork in each hand ; which, when
tied, they fix in the ground and reft their loads on.
'Ihc negros are hired to carry it in this manner, fur

want of camflt or other bcaftt of burdrn, ns before
mentioned : and froin what has been rel iltd, it it
raly lo linr, that the niimbrr, bnih ut the caitivrn
ami cfinfiimrra, muft he very great.

** When they arrive at the waler-fide, the propric-
tr>rt of the f.dt place their fliarcs In hnopi together
ill a row, every one felling a mirk en his own : this
done, thofc of the caravan retire half « day's journey.
I'hen the negro* they went to deal wirh, who will
not b<' fren nor fpoken to, and fiem to he the inlia-
hit.inti of foir>e idunds, come in l.iri^ boiitt, and
having viewed the lalt, liry h luni cf gold on eveiy
heap, ai^ then withdraw. When they arc gone,
the iiegrot, who ovsn the fait, leluni ; and if th.*
quantity of gold plealcs them, they take it, and leave
the fait, if not, they leave both, and withdiaw iigain.
ihe other Moors then come on, and the heaps they
hnd without gold, they cany Miih thcrp, and either
advatiee more gold to the oihir parcett, or leave the
lalt. in this manner they ttade, without fee ng or
f|ieaking to one anothei ; wliii h lias been a very
ancient curtoin among them." 'I'his account, the
author owns, appears fonuwh.it improlmblei yet
afhrmt, that he had it from (rveral Arabs, and A/n-
nai;lii merchants, a* well as other pcrfons, who were
vvoriiiy of credit.

'I'he lame merchants being allted why the tnijieror
of Melli, being fuih a t'teal lord as iliey i ported,
iliil not find mean", by triendftiip or force, to dr(-
covcr w lio thel'e people were, that would not fiiKer
ihcmlidves to lie feen or talked to? On this they
told him, that not many years before, an emperor,
having determined to get fomc of thefe invifibh lieingj
into his hands, held a council on the oeiafion :
wherein it >sas ordered, that befoie the fait caravan
returned fn)m their half-day's jcnirr.ty, (cine of liis
men fhould go and make pits by the wattr-fidr, near
where the fait was left, that they flioiild hul? thiin-
lelvcsj and that when the negros c:oiie to U.:ve the
gold on the fait, they ftioulil attack them, and make
two or three piif<Miers. This piojciff w.is executed,
and four were taken ; the reft having fl^d ; three alfo
of thofe who had Im ii lurpnfed, vveie let ..t liberty by
the captors ; who judped th.it one would be fi.fticicnt
to fatijfy the emperor's delire, and that the negros
would be Ids provoked. But after all, the dcligii
mifcnrried, becaufe the priluner would neither
fpeak (though talked to in v.nimis languages) nor cat
."ny victuals ; fu that at four days end he died. This
crofs accident was much regretted by the ncgrcs
of Melli, bec^aufe their lord was thus i.reventcd
from obtaininj his ends : and the captain having
brought the emperor an account of the man's Hcrth,
he received it with great difpleafure, and afked,

of what ftature they were ? He was anfwerej

They were exceeding black, well (hapcd, and a
fpan taller than themfi Ives : that their under lip was
thicker than a man's fift, and huna down < n their
brcafts ; that it was very red, and fometliing like
blood dropped from itj but their upper-lip was as
linall as other peoples. The form ot their lips cr-
pofed to view their gums and teeth, which were
larger than their own ; and that they had great teeth
in the corner of their mouths : that their eyes were
large and hbck, in (hort, that they made a tri rible
figure, blood dropping from their gums as well as
teeth. Thus the (uccci-ding emperors were preventtd
from making any farther attempts of this kind ;
becaufe, on account of the negro's death, his coun-
trymen, for the fpace of three yehrs, forbore coining
to buy any fait, as they uled to ilo. Yet the cmptror
does not regard whether thofe blacks fpeak or not, if
he has but the profit of their gold.

The gold brought to Melli is divided into three
parts J the firft, fent by the Melli caravan to Cochin,
which lies in the road to Syria and Cairo j the other
two fhares are fent by another caravan from Melli to
Toinbuto, from whence the golil is fent by divifions }
firft to Toet, and from thence along the coaft to
Tunis in Barbary, within the Strcightsof Gibraltar}
7 aii<l

'P^P'?^':,^

»4«0'J

» • () A S T S A NM) I .S r. A N D S OF A T R I C A.

4ii

ftivl to I'r/, mul Mii,nc,-(i, Ar/il.i, A/afi) iiiul MoIIj,
fixvin with'iiit tlir Siro' hts, wlnrc the (tiliniiH ;iiiil
othir t'hridi lilt linl it tmni ihf M(K)rH, in ntiim (nr
ilivrr-, iiiitrliifulif, ,. In llu>rt, tliii 11 tlic IxltKPrn-
modity lli.it i» bniii ;ht Ir'nn the A/iiuj^lii'i cmiiifiy ;
for 1(1 llic i.'1'lil I lit t'l IKiiliMI ciiry yir, iis lulori
oblVivirl, (I, IV Krlii;> loinc til thr Cc.i-cn.il', iiiul b.iitir
it with ill I'oitii Ml, li- ,it Ar'',in. Ill tills ililliiiit 11(1
iiiniii'v !• ciiiiicil, iiiirilii ihi y I'vir iif'' iivii' y my mure
than ill |l|i' 11 i",hhciiiriii|^ iMiiiitrii'i, but ,ill ihiirti.uir
i< carrnd 011 liv h.nipriivr "lie thiiij; lor anothrr, anil
t'din'-ii. 1 tw) I ii- iiir, wliil'; in tin ir towns within
liiiil, lii y II'': littli: wliiii' (hclh, which arc hrnii ;ht
to Viiiiic fr.im tlip l,''V.inf, o' VNhiih thry p.iy ut-
l.iiii niiinlRrs, acoonili 1 to thr I'oodiu'l* of whnt they
iirc to liiiy. Tiny rive ihcj'nlJ ihcy Cell, by Mili;^il
V'-ip.ht, which ii .ill lilt ;i diir.u in viiiiic.

The irih.ibitiiiHi ot thiMlrCirt, havi' ncilhrr rcliiMon
lior rovir-,i 'n, only lliol'e who arc the lirhrll, ami
have the 1,11 ;;i.(k retiiiuev, iiir lorily, as i« rtilJonviry
in mniiy |il.ii -s. The women ,iret.t\vny, iiml «<Mr
cottons ih.it loiiic iKim (hctoiintrv of' the iie(;ros, .iiiil
foiiieol' them liocks whiili arc c.illcd Alilie/.di, hut
no fmooks 1 mid (lie wlm hus tl"- l,irycft brcalts, is re-
puted the j;ii;;ili It be.mly.

The null nJi; hoiiis in the ' oorifii fnfhinn, but
have not miny, lor tt.j barrcniui 1 id' the country wll
not allow them to kerp .inv, nei,her couid tlicy .ve
Ion'; In (iirli ;tr. .it IkmL. The dilarti th-Miij-hoiil ■ le
very hoi, mul h.ive l-iit little witer, whuii .nakct ne
Country dry .tnd biiiien. It mi" licic only 'hfcc
months ii, the \ ear i tint is in A i^ull, Sepi ...ber,
and ( )clol>( r.

The author w.is alfo informed, thnt In fome years,
1.11 :|.e I'wanns ot' loculh .i|i|n'ar in this country : they
nre like "'r.iCs-lioiip'-rs, the Knj;th of a man's finuer,
nnd o( a n,! and y'llovv colour, Thcyapp ■ '■i.c-
tiov. in finh clouils ill t'lc air, astoobfem th, in,
tovt I 111:'; the horizon ns far ,u the finht in re; ' ,
which is from 12 to if> miles, and whe'LMiKy lodge
they Krip the (iround (|iiitc hare, which thev look upon
as a ^',rcat ii.flilence, hut providence his fo ordered it,
til 11 ihey I ■lil'.ni eome above ruiee in f»ur vea s.

After di'uhlin^ (.'ape Ular.co, they coniiniied ihrir
coiirfe lo the river call d Sencija, which divides the de-
fart and the A'/,ann;jhi from the fruit lands and ncgros
Five years before Cala .Morto made this \ov < . this
river was difeovered by three caravals beloiii^ing to
I'lincc ll.n;\-, which enltriii!:; it, made peace, and
I'ettled atr.ide with the Moors, lince which time, Ihips
have h.'cn fent every year totr.iffic Wfith them.

This liver is lar|^e, above a inilc wide lit the month,
and fii!!iei n'ly deep. A little farther, it has another
rntraiice, H?twe-n the two tliere is an ifland, which
lornis a cape riinninji into the lea, and at each mouth
there are fuul-liaiiks and '''oils, rcachiii'j; about a mile
lioni fh.'rc. I'Voni C'lpe (.'■;, 1, which is 380 miles
of th.' river, it is cilUu ' .all of Anterota, and
bclonj^s to the A-/an.ii''li, or tawny Moors. The
nuihor was (" prifed to (ind I'ogieat a difVcience in fi)
iinnow a fpace ; for on the foiith fide of the river,
the iiiliihitants ar" ..ci din;; black, tall, corpulent
and well in.ide ; t'l country is all green, and full of
fiuit trees, an'' . :i the other (ide the men are tawny,
mea^'i;, c, ' i iiall of llature, and the country diy
and birr. 11.

The kit'j'don". of ihenei^ros lies in the river Sencpa,
ind thof- ,> ho inhabit iho banks of it arc called Ja-
lols J all ihe country is low, not only to that river,
hut aU'o heyoMil it, as fir as Cape de Verde, which
is the liiKhid I 'n I on ;,ll ihis coail, and 400 miles
riilfant from Cap ■ IJhir, •. The king, who reigned
in Senega, in Ca,la Mall.ito Irine, was called Zu-
cholin, and :,a years of a^;,'. This kingdom is not
horedit.irv, hut lOniinonlv three or four lords (of
which thure a;c' nl;my in tlic country) chiifc a kin{
to their own liking, (yd ilwivs of noble parentage
who rci ',us as long as he ]ilci(. s i!\cm. They after
dethrone flu ir kings hy force, and the kipfs many
tim'-s render thmifelves fo powerful, as to Hand on

Vol. I. No. a:.

tlnlr (hfi-iu'e, IV h. h make 'he j'overnmenf unfctth f*,
IS tlut ol the lull. 1) of Cuii'i I , who is ulways in
'1 ir of hi'iiijt kilhil or baiiilh d, Th'le kmj,* art not
hketlioli,' of b'.utoji. , for llieir fiihj. Ct* re fav,i,j;c«,
iiid veiv piMir. Thiyh.ue no lyalleil towns, but
inly villai'ci, with llialcli.'d houl. <. Tliiy ul'e nei-
ther lime or (lone (ir biiililiii;', not knowiii;; how tu
ni.iko the oiv or t,.rm the otiicr. Tlie kiiigdoni i<
fniall, exti iiiliin; (.IS the auttior was infijrmed) no
more th.in 2'^' mil's aloin^ Ihe roall, and the lame
within laiul. Ihe kin", has 11. 1 certain rrvi iiiies, but
the lords of the coiintiy t.i court his favoiii, niako
him pr'finui every yiar of hoilis (vvliu h . le very
much clleiiiied here, heini> fc.irc. ) tiv'clher v., ill lur-
ililure, aiidoth' r IiimII , liicli.is ow s and i;o.'t., allil
■iilli?, miller, and luch like things, II. likcvvilc
ives by ri>hbcries, and forciii " f .ine of his fiihjti'ls
anil thofi'of neii;lihoiirin;', proi inecs into lliverv, parr
of which he eiiiplovs in ( iilti. iliii ; til l.in s .illi:;ncil
him, and li.lls the rell to the A/.an.i!,hi .iiid /\i.ibi.ui
merchants, who tra'le with horl -, and other thin;:*,
as well as to the Cliiiltiuns, liiicc trade haibccn open
h'-tween them.

Kvcry man here mav entertain as many women an
'• pleales. 'I lie kin ; has alv^sus iip\\,irils ot tl.nty,
1; ,1 didinguifhcs tliein .-.rcordin:' t'l their ilefi 1 t iiml
r.nk of ll ' lords whole d.iu<;lileis they af. H,' keeps
iheni in cert.iin vill.h'is mid places of his own, , i;^ht
or ten tonelher, each ot them h.iiiiii; a fep.ii.ite lioull;
to dwell HI, and a lixed number of yoiin ; w >:nen til
aileiid on h . vith fl.ivcs to cultivate the laud nf-
fifji her, thi I they may in.iintain tlumfelvts wiili
the voducc thereof. They have tikewile to'.vs and
I'or ,, which the (laves allli t: ke care of j and thiH
' jy fow, reap and live. When the kiii^ times to
.i;iy of thefe v' ".jes, he hiiii/; no provili'uri alon:;
witi', him, till i nun heini! ohiieed lo hear thr ex-

pences of him ►..j his retinue whenevei he \ iht . them.
Kvery mornincr at I'lM-i e, each of the women in
the place he arrives at, pn ari ■■ three or Ic iir covers
of difFerent viands, fuel: ,. , filh, pnl othci"

dainties, accordiii;.^ to the Moonlli talle, uhieh aru
cairied by the fl.ivcs to the kin!;'s pantrv j lin that in
lefs than an hour, there are ,|ii or 50 dilliis hrotipht j
and when his majellv has a mind meat, he finds every
thing ready to his hand. After he has eaten of fucu
dilhcs as he likes b.'lt, the remainder is j^iveii to his
retinue; but astliisdii-t is never in plenty, th"y ara
always huni^ry. Thus he travels from one |ilace to
aiiothe.', vilitiii!; his women, by which nu. ins he ha'S
a very niinierous ill'uei but fiom the inilai.t any of
his women proves with child, he foes near them :ii»
more. All the lords live in ihefnine mann.r.

Thefe negros proiVf. the iVIahom tan leliijion, but
are not fo well initrue'led therein as the whili Moors,
particularly the common people. The lord . have al-
ways about them fome of the A/.ana_^hi for t''.at pur-
pole, or ell'e Arabs, who come to refiile there. Thoh:
have inculcated, that it would he a di:;.^i,KC foj them,
who are lords, to live without obfervin;; xny of ( lad'!!
laws, and to eat as il'c inferior jcple ilo, without
any religion. It is owin. to their never liavine con-
verfcd with any but the t\ ',ana;.>hi's or Ar,ihs, that
they arc Mahometans ; but fincc tliev became .ic-
i]uaintcd with Chriffians, thev are not fo lotui of that
faith.

Thefe negfos, for the gcneraiity, go quite n.'.kcd,
except covering their privy parts with a L;oat's Ik'n,
made in the form of a pair of hrccelies ; hut the lord',
and tliofe who arc able, wear coltoji Ihirts of the
produft of the country, which is fpiin hy ihiir wo«
men. They weave pieces of cotton a fpan wide, hut:
never any wider, not havin!; the art of niakinp- larger
looms J fo that they are obliged to li'W live or fix ot
tliefe pieces together, when they wouM mnko any large
work. Their fliirts reach to half •Iv'r thighs, the
(leeves of which are lirge, but cove. half of the

arm. They nfecotton drawers, win • ng down to
the fmall of the leg, and monllroiiliy ,vide, bcinjj
from ■^0 to 35 and forty palms in circumference ; lb
5" T that

1 I

4J4

VOYAGES TO THE

[1420.

that ulii'ii tit J on, thiy nrcfull of plaitS) aiul tliough
like a l.i(k bduir, the hind part trails on the ground
like 11 t<iil, rcfrinblin!; hirgc petticoats with a train.
Jn Ihort, notliinp; can make a more prcpoflrruus
iiguu'iii the world; yet they aflced the Europeans, if
they had ever leen a liner drcis ? For in their own
tipinion, nolhini; comes up to it for elegance. Their
woiniii, married or unmarried, go naked from the
waill iipwaul-, ami downwards th^y wear a piece of
eutton u|i liall ilie leg. IJoth fexes go barefooted and
uneovered, but weave their hair into beautiful trefles,
wliieh ihev tie in various knots, though it be very
/hort. 1 lie men emplov thcmfelves in women's
\vo:k J fuiii as Ipinniiiy, wafliing of cloaths, and the
like.

it ■; very hot here, not being fo cold in January,
.-IS it is in Jt.ily m the month of April : and the far-
ther or.e tr.u els, the more the heat encreafes. Both
men and women walli iheivifelves lour or five times a
d.n", beini; veiy cleanly as to their pcrfons, but not
|j in c.itin.', in wliicli ih> v obferveno rule. Although
very i^'iioiant and .uikuard in i^oin;; about any thing
V. hicli ihey h.ue not been aceiillonud to, yet in their
uwnbuliiuf^, wliieh lliev aic aei|uaintrd with, tlicv
;ir : .u expert as. ail}- Europeans can he. They are full
<i» woiJ<, and never have done talking; and arc for
i!ie moll Jiait, liars and cheats. Vet on the other
hand, they arc very charitable ; for they give a
dinner or a ni;;ht's loil;;inj;, and a I'uppcr to all Ihan-
gcrs who come to their houlls, without expeiiing
aiiv return.

I'lule neuros often niai;e war among themfelves,
ami with th- ir neighiiours. They have no cavalry,
fur want or horles ; they wear no arms except a large
target lor their defence, iii^de of the (kin of a bcaft,
calliJ danta, which is M.iy difficult to be pierced:
;tnd az.igays, or light daits, in throwing of which,
thev aie \ery dtNterous. Thelij darts arc pointed
with iron, the length ofafpan, barbed in different
manners; i\> that they make dangerous wounds in the
body wherever they enter. 'Ihey aliohave a Moorilli
weapon, which is like a Tu;kilh hall fwoid ; that is
bent like a bow, and made of iron, (without any
Heel) biou;;ht from the kin.;dom of Cjambra by the
negro?, ^^■ho tin ixof make tlieir arms: and if they
have any iron in tluir own country, they know no-
thing of it, or want induftry to work it. They ufe
alio another fpeaied WLapon, like ourjavelin : befides
which, they have but lew arms ; their wars are very
bloodv,lor their (hokesdo not fall in vain. I'heyare
ixceeiliii)^»bold and fierce, choofing rather to be killed,
than to fave their lives by flight. They have no
flups, iifithcr did they ever fee any before the Portu-
guele eiiiiie upon their coalf. I hofe inh.ibiting near
the river, and foiiie who live by the fia, have v.ap-
polies or ahiiaid.i=, made out of a (ingle piece of
wood, the l:irgcll whereof cai ries three or four :nen,
In thefe ihey lilh fometimes, and go up 2nd down the
river., T hefe negios are furpiiiing great fwimmcrs.

Cada .Mollo having paflld the river of Senega with
hii c.\raval, failed along the coaft to the country of
Ijiidomcl, about 800 miles farther; the country be-
tween being all low land, an<l without mountains.
He flopped at this pl.iee to know fomclhing of the
J/Ord iiiidomel, from whom the country took its
liiime ; eirtam I'ortuguele, who had de-ali with him,
h:iving reprefuiied him as a very jull perfon, who
mii'.lit be conti led in, as he paid for every thing he
took. Our jdventurer hud fome Spanilh horfes on
board, which were much efteemed among the ncgrosj
hefides cloth, Moorifh wrought filks, and many other
comnodiiit'.

As (otm thenfirc, as he came to anchor at a place
called the i"' ilm of Budomcl, which is a road and not
a port, he lent his interpreter, who was a negro, to
tive their lord noticcof his arrival, and the goods he
had on board. Not long after. Lord Hudonicl him-
felf, with about fifteen horfe, and an hundred and
fifty foot, came to the lea fide, and ftiit to defirc Cada
Mollo to land, for that he would do him a piece of

-r*«>fc-,::.

fcrvi<!e. He accordingly went, and was received with
great civility. After fome difcourfe, the author
delivered him fevcn horles with their furniture, and
every thing elfc that he wanted, which call in all
three hundred ducats ; truliing to his honour for pay-
ment, which he propofcd to make at his houle,
twenty-live miles dillant tiom the ihore ; intreatiiig
Cada MoDo to go down with- him to wait a few days,
bccRufc he was to pay for what goods he had in Haves.
Cada iVIoflo readily agiced to go, induced as much by
the defire of making dilcoveries, as of being paid.
Cut before they fet out, ihC lord m.ade him a prelint
of a beautiful female black, of about twelve years
old; telling him at the fame time, that he gave her to
him to lirve him in his cabin. The gift was willingly
accepted of, and fcnt on board.

Budomil furniflied the author with horfes, as well
as every thing. elfe nccellary for a journey ; and when
they cainc within four miles of his habitation, gave
him in charge to Bilboror, his nephew, who w.is lord
of a little town where they had arrived, llilboror took
him to his own houfe, and treated him :ill the while be
llaid there, (which was twenty-eight days) with great
civility and good company, 'ibis was in November,
during which time, he went often to fee Loid liudomel,
in company with his nephew, and obferved many things
relating to their way of living. He had the greater
opjiortuiiity to make rcniaiks, as he travelled back,
as far .is the River Senega, on account of the tcmpef-
luous weather ; which ariling on this coall, fo that
he c<.uld not go on board, he was obliged to fc'id the
ihip before to this liver, and go by land hiiiifelf.

The author obferves, th. t upon this occalion, that
being defirous to fend inlhuctions to tliofe in the fhip,
to meet him at the River Stncga, he enquired among
the blacks, if any of them would undertake to carry a
Iter for him on board .' to which feveral of then*
anfwered in the aDirmative. The fhip lay about three
miles from fhorc ; the lea ran high, and there was a
great wind ; infomuch, that he thought it iinpofliblc
lor any man to perform it, cfpccially as fcvcial land
banks lay near the fhore, and about half way, other
banks, with a great current lunning between tlum,
lometimes backwards and fometimes lorwards, th.u it
s a niofl'difficult talk for any man to fwiin through
ihem, without being carried away by the llieam.
HefKles the lea breaks ovCr the banks with fo much
violence, that it fcemed impolfible to furmount fuch
obftructions. Yet two of thefc ncgros ofibr-d to go,
and having demanded what they cxptilfed for their
"abour.' they anfwered, two mavulgis of tin for
each of them, the mavulgi being worth no more than
one groflon, (a groflon is about three farthings).
At this price they undertook to carry the letter
to the fliip, and took the water winds. I can-
not exprefs the difficulties, fays the author, which
they were to encounter with, in palling the (and bank,
in fo high a fea. Scmctiines they were 'out of fight
for a conrider:ible time, and I often thought they li.id
l)cen drowned. At lall, one of them not being able
any longer to refill the violeme of the waves which
broke over him, turmd back; but the other bein;;
Itronger, after flrugglinga long hour on the bank,
got pall it ; and hai ing caniid the letter to the cara-
val, returned with an anl^er, which to me (lemed
very wonderful, and thence I concluded, that the
negros of this coaft mull be the beft fAimmcrs in the
world.

It has been already obferved, that thole who arc
called lords, have neither caftles nor cities. Ihc
king of this country has nothing but villages, with
thatched houles. liudomcl was lord of one part of
this kingdom, which is fmall. Thefe are not lords
on account of tlieir riches or treafuie ; becaiile they
have none ; neither is their any coin nude ufe of
among them 1 but they are conddcrcd as fueh out of
courtcfy, and by reafon of the great retinues, with
which they are always attended i being refpidcd aiul
feared by their fubjeds, more than any Italian lords.
'Thv pl.icc of Budomcl's rdideucc v\'as neither a wallcJ

houfc

14*0.]

COASTS AND ISLANDS OF AFRICA.

43^

houfe nor palace; but, according to their manner
of living, lie lias ibniL' villages afliniicd for the habi-
tation of himfclf and his wives, with their refpcilivc
families, bccaul'c he never fixes in one place.

The village, where the author refided, was one of
his habitations, and had forty or fifty thatched houfcs
built near one another, and furroundcd with ditches
itnd large tites, only a paffage or two was left
fur entrance ; and every houfe h.id a court, inclofcd
with a hedge.

This prince had nine wives in this place, and more
or lefs ir. other villages. Each of thefe women had
five or fix young negros to attend her. With whom
the lord may lie when he pleafes j nor are the wives
offended at it, it being the culloni, both fexcs being
very lafcivious. They are very jealous, and fufter
nobody to enter the houfe where any of their women
dwell 1 nor would they even truil their own fons.

Budomel has always at lead 200 negros in his re-
tinue ; who change from time to time ; fome going
and others coming in their room : b.fiJes, many peo-
ple repair from the ad{.icent places to meet him ; at
the entrance of his houfe, before his apartment, there
are feven large courts, leading from one to the other,
with a tree in the middle of each ; where tliofe wait
who come upon bufinefs. His family is dilhibuted
in thefe courts, according to the rani: of the pcrfcrti ;
the moll confiderable being llationed nearell ; and
the meanelV the fartheft from his apartment ; which
few approach, except the CInilUans and Azaiiaghi,
who have free adminion i more liberty being allowed
them than the negros.

Hut (lays the author) Budomcl affecis great ftate
and gravity, for he will- not be feen, except one hour
in the morning, and, for a little while, towards the
evening, at which times he appears in the firlt court,
near the door of the apartment, into which none but
perfons of note are permitted to enter. The pride
of thefe lords appears molb in giving audience; for
when any perfon came to fpeak to liudomel, were his
condition ever fo great, he was obliged I'nA to ftrip
himfelf rtarlc naked, except the fkins which covered
his privities ; then, the inft.int be enters the court
he fell upon his knees, and bowed down his head as
low as the earth. Lallly, with both his hands he
covered his head and ftioulders with fand. This is
the manner in which they falutc their lord ; nor is
there any perfon whoever, exempt from thefe duties,
not even their own relations. The perfon, who fo-
licits the audience, lemains a great while in this pe-
netential poflure, dabbing himlelf with fand, and
crawling on his knees, till he approach the great
man. When the fupplicant is within two paces of
this lord he (tops, and begins to relate his cafe, but
ftill continues to lay on fand, with his head down,
in token of great humility. All this while the lord
fcarce feems to take notice of him, being in difcourfe
with other porfons ; and when his vall'al has told his
llory, with an arrogant afpeiTl makes the anfwer in
two words. Such is his afl'ec^ed pride and grandeur,
and fuch is the fubmillion paid him. Budomel how-
ever behaved with great compliance to Cada Mofto,
and carried him into the Mofqucs ; for, towards
evening, he ordered the Azanaghi or Arabs, whom
he always had about him, to fay prayers. His man-
ner was thus : being entered into the mofque (which
was in one of the courts) with fome of the principal
negros, he fird ftooJ with his eyes lifted up, then he
advanced two fteps, and fpoke a few words foftly.
After tvhich he ftretehed himl<;lf on the ground, and
killed it ; the Azanaghi, and all the reft, did the fame.
'I'hcn rifm.,, he repealed the fame ails over again ten

or twelve times, which took up half an hour .

This prince's table, like thole of all other lords, and
men of condition, is fupplied by their wives, in the
fame manner as the king of Sene^i is furniflicd ;
each fending him fo many dilhes, they cat on the
ground, witnout regulating the infeiior people, out
of a baflcet, ten or twelve in a mefs.

No bread-corn, rye, oats, or wine, grows in the

kingdom of Senega, oranvof the negro countries oil
that coaft, on account of the great heats : this ihcy
made tryal of by the feeds they had from the (iiip ; for
wheat requires a temperate foil, and frequent raiiis,
which are wanting here. I'liey have no rain for
nine months in the year; that is, from Ocfobcr till
June. However, they have large and fniall millet
beans, and the fined kidney beans in the world ; they
are as large as ha/le-nuts, but longer than th^ \'c-
netian, and fpeckled ivith variouscolours, asii painted,
fo that they make a beautiful (how, the bean i> large,
flat, and of a lively red; there are alfo uhile beaii>.
They fow in July and reap in Scpkndier, at which
time rajn falls, and the ri\ers aie (welled.

They prepare the foil, fow and yet in their lurvefl,
all in three months time. 'I'hey are bad hnfliandnienj
no lovers of labour, and fow no mure than wh.:C
barely ferves them the year round, foi they lay up no
(lore of oats for (ale. Their method ot turning up
the earth is thus ; four or five of them go into a HwIJ
with fpades, (initead of fhovels ufed in Italy) and
throw up the earth, running it not above four inches
deep in the ground. This is all their plowing ; but
as the foil is fo fertile and kind, it produces every
thing they f'ow, without any farther pains.

Their liquors are water, milk, and palm-uine, wh'eh
latter is taken from trees (here veiy numerous} like
the date tree>, though not the fame. They yield thij
liquor, (called by the negros Nighol) all the year
round. IJeing tapped in two or three phices n.ar the
foot, a brown water runs out, as thin as (kini-milk,
into the calabafes, fet from niorning till night. It is
exceeding good to drink, and intoxicates like \i inc, if
not mixed with water. It is as (wect the firftdayaS
any wine in the world ; but the lufcious taile goes o(t'
every day more and more, till at length, it becomes
four. It drinks better the third or t'ourih day tha.i the
firft, becaufe it purges a little, and is not fo fwcct.
Cada Modo drank plentifully of it every day while he
was in that country, and liked it better than wine of
Italy. This nighol is not in fuch plenty that every
body mayhave it atdifcretion ; however, they all have
fi.mc, cipocially the chief men ; for the trees are not
planted in gardens like the fruits or vines of Europe,'
but grow in the forefts, and is common to all.

They have fevcral forts of fruits, like (he European
though not exaiflly the fame; and notw itlidanding
they grow wild, yet they are very good. \Vere tia-y
cultivated in gardens they would prove much better
than thole in the northern climates ; the quality of the
air and foil being nutritives. The country is all plain
and fertile, abounding «ith good paftures, bcfides an
infinite number of large and beautiful trees, not known!
in Europe. Here arc likewife feveral lakes of frefh
water, not large, hut very deep and full of good fiflj,
which difler from fuch as are found in Italy. Alfo

many water ferp.nts, by them called Calcatrici. •

They have an oil, which they ute in vii5fuals ; but the
author could not tell what it was made of. It is re-
markable for three qualities, viz. the fmell of a violet,
the taflc of olivc-oil, and a odour that dyes the vic-
tuals better than faftVon. There is a plant here like-
wife that produces fmail kidney-beans in great quan-
tities.

There are no tame animals in the kingdom of Senega,
except ox'-n, cows and goats ; (heep tliey have none,
neither could they live in this hot climate, for thefe love
a temperate air, and livebetter in cold than in hot coun-
tries. Indeed the negio. wlio live in fuch intenfe heat,:
have no oecafion for wo. Un cloaths. The cattle of
this country, fuch as they have, are fhiallerthan thofi;
of Italy. A red cow here is a rarety : they are in ge-
neral black or white; (onic however are pied of mot-
tled. Here arc many forts of beifis of prcv, fuch
as lions, and leopanls. Mares and lome other f irts of
wild animals are found here. They have alfo ele-
phants of a large fi/e. The author makes the fol-
lowing remarks upon this animal. His fizc may
very nearly be judged from his tCeth, which arc'
biouj^ht into Europe j of thefe, each elephanl!

436

VOYAGES TO THE

[i4i(}.

has but two In llie under jaw, like tlie wild boar,
without .my other dilluciicc, txccpt that the points
of the will! boar's teeth turn tipwarcl?, and thole of
the elephant down. Cada Mofki had been told, be-
fore he failed to thofc parts, that the cleph.ints could
not bend their knees, and that they deep {landing;,
which he declares to be an cgrrgious falftiood ; for
that their knees may be plainly difeerned in walking,
and that they lie down and rife like all other ani-
mals.

'l"hry never (lied their large teeth before death, nor
do h.uin to any man, unlcfs provoked by him ; in
that lafe, the elephant attacks him with his trunk,
which is in the place of a nofe, of an exceeding length.
He can contradt and extend the probofcis at pkafure,
and will to(s a man with it as far as a Aing can
throw a ftune. It is in vain to think to cfcapc
by runiiin;;, let the pcrfon be ever (b fwift, provided
the elephant t'ollous him in earneft, and fetches
large llrides. They are more dangerous when
they have young ones, than at anv other time; and
have but three or fo\irat a birth. 'I'hey feed on leaves
«if trees and fruit, pulling down the lan^^e boughs,
and bringing them to the mouth with their trunk,
which is a very thick cartilage. The author could
hear of no other animals in this kingdom, c.\ccpt the
abovementioned.

There aic feveral forts of birds in this country,
particulaily p.^rrots, in great numbers. The ncgros
hate them, becaufe they do great damap;e to their mil-
let anil pulfo. They fay there arc leveral forts of
thiin ; but Cada Modo could lee no more than two.
The one, like thofc brought from Alexandria, but a
litile fnialler. The other fort is much larger, has a
Srown head, neck, beak and leg', the body yellow
and green. He had a number of tliefe two forts, par-
ticularly the fmall ones; many died; the reft, being
about an hundred and fifty, he carried to Spain, and
fold them for half a ducat a piece. Thcfe birds arc
very induftrious in making Ihcir ncfts, which they
build with bulhufllcs and fmall leaves of the palm,
and other trees. The parrot chips out the flcndereft
branch, at the end of which flic fallens the bullrufli ;
to which, being .nbout two fpans length, flic (licks
her ncd, weaving it in a moft beautiful manner; and
when finiflied, it hangs like a ball at the end of the
bullrufli, having only one part'.ige into it. Thus
they continue to five their voung from the devouring
ferpents, whofc weight thel'e fmall branches cannot
fupport. There is plenty of others called I'haraohN
Hens in Europe, whither they arc brought from the
Levant.

The author went three or four times to fee one of
their markets or fairs which was kept on Mondays
nnd Fridays in a meadow, not far from the place
he lodged. Hither repaired, w ith their wares, both
men and women, for fourorfiic miles about; and
thofc who liv'cd at a greater diftance, went to other
markets nearer them. The great povertv of this
people appeared in the goods found in thcfe fairs,
which were fmall quantities of goods, a few pieces of
cottoti cloth, cotton yarns, pulfe, oil, niil'i t, wooden
tubs, palm-mats, and every thing eli'c f )r the ufc of
life.

They have no money or coin of any kind j all
trade is carried on by way of barter, exchanging one
thing for another, and fometinics two or three fur
one, accoiding to the dift'ercnt vahus. Thefe blacks,
both men and women, came to gaze on Cada Mofto,
as if he had been a prodigy ; and thought it a great
curiolity to behold a white man, for they had never
I'een any before; they were aj muih afloniflied at hi-,
drefs as his colour, being cloathed after the Spanifti
fafliion, w ith a black damafk waillcoat and a cloak
over it. They admired the woolen cloth, of which
they have none, and feemed much furprifed at the
fight of the wailtcoat. Some catched him by the
arms and hands, which they rubbed with fpittle, to
fee if the whitencfs was natural or artificial ; and
finding that ha Ikiu was not painted, their wonder
continued.

In this country liorfes arc fcarce, bring brought
from tliofe parts of IJ^ubary next Kurope, by the A-
rabs and Azanaiihi. Uciides, the great heat'wiil not
fu Her them to live long; for they grow fo fat, that
they cannot make water, and lb burlt. They lud
them with the btnn leaves, which thev gather alter
the beans are brought from the fields.' 'I'hcfc arc
cut fmnll, being as dry as hay, and firve inftead of
oats ; they give them millet alfo, which fattens tluiii
much. A iiorfe and furniture is fold for from nine
to fourteen flaves, according to his goodnefs and
beauty.

When a lord buys one, be fends for his horfe-for-
ccrcrs ; who caufing a fire to be made of certain (lalks
of herbs, bold the head by the bridle over the fnioak,
while they repeat a few words. They afterwaids
have him anointed all oyer with fine oil, aid keeping
eighteen or twenty days, without fuft'erin;', any body
to lee him, fix to his neck feme Aloorilh charms,
(which doubled-up, arc like fmall fijuare billets)
covered with red leather.

The women of this country arc very picafant and
merry, 'and deli j;ht in fiiiging and dinciiig, particu-
larly the young ones. 'I'lielc divrrfuMis they tako
only at night, by the light of the moon. Stvei.il
things belonging to the failors feemed wonderful to the
ncgros, among which was the crofs-bow, but much
more the artillery : fome of them coming on board,
Cada Motto can lid one of his guns to be fired otl' :
v»'hich put them into a fright, tlicir dread increafcd on
his telling them, that one cannon fliot would kill an
hundred men : on which occafion they laid, that:
it muft bean infernal inllrument. The ihij) and its
contrivance oflered them alfo matter of great admira-
tion, as well as the mads, fails, fhr.iuds and anchor.
'I'liey took the port holes made in the Hern, for real
eyes, with wdiich flie found her way by fea. 'I'hey
faid the Euiopeans were forcerers, and not inferior
to the devil hiiufelf: that travellers by land found
difficulties in tracing the road lioni one place to
another ; yet they travelled by fea where there were no
tracks, which teemed much more difficult ; ami
though they were fo many days without liidit of land,
yet they knew what courfc they fleered. Wli-.t th:y
moll of all wondered at, was to fi-c a candle lightLj
in a candleftick, which to them, who had n' vcr fccn
the like before, appeared both beautiful and riir|>rifingj
for in tliis country they have no other light than that
of the liie.

'i'luy luck out the honey from the combs, and throw
the wax away as ufelel'^. Thr- author having bou'jht
fome of the combs from a negro, fhewcd iiow tho
honey was taken out ; and then aftcd if they knew
what that was which remained ? they anfweifd, that
they knew it to be good for nothing : but they were
greatly afloniflied when they law it made into candles,
and lighted ill their prtfence ; faying, th-t the
Chrillians had knowledge of all thin;'«, wiiitli in-
crealed their rclpecl for thofc who were dilljitd to do
their countrymen fo many injuries.

Budomcl's country being examined, (he a'.ubot
determined to double Cape dc Verde, in order to
make new dil'eoverics, and try his fortune, fi ill far-
ther : lor before his dep.utiue from Pnrtng::i, he was
informed by Prince Henry, that a perfon, well ac-
quainted w ith the countries of tlir negrr-^, had afl'urcd
him, that not far from the kingdom of Hcnri'i, there
was another called (Janibra : out of which, m cording
to the report of liie natives, larg quantities of
gold were carried into Spain ; and that the Cl-rillians
who fluMiId go thither might enrich tliemfclvi'.

Cada.Molto ha\'in': left Budoniel, repaired to tin;
caraval, and fct fall without delay. One nir.rning he
difcovered two fllip', and coming (i)i with t'".ni,
found tint one belong' d to An ton lotto IJIo di .V , i
<Tcnoefe gentleman, and the other to fome gen' .iron
in the fervice of Don Knriqiic/ ; who c;ui.e .1 i ii-
panv with a defign to |iafs Cape dr Verde, aiie cck
their fortunes, by making new dijcovriiis. As the
author had the fame v;ewE, he joined in company

ipany

with

>4SS

]

COASTS AND ISLANDS OF AFRICA.

4ir

with tliem, and ull failed together fouthwrnd along
the coall, in fight of land, for the Cape, which they
deftricd next day.

Ca|ic Vcrdc is high and bcautifulj it runs into the
ft-a, and has two little hills, or mountains, at the
point thtrrof. There are fcveral villages of negros
from Sen'.g.i, en and about the promontory, wlm
dwell in thatched houfes dole to the fliorc, and in
fight of thofe who are failing. There are alfo foine
faiul banks that runoff it, about half a mile into
the fca.

Doubling this ca; i.-, iSey came to three liltlc dc-
firt illands full of i ige green trees ; and as they
w lilted water, theyai; 'jitd atone of thcni, uliich
fcLiiRil to he the largelt and mod fruitful, in hopes of
meeting with fprings ; but on landing, they found no
fign of any, except in one place, which uas of no
iirrvice to them. They met however, with fewcral
birds nel{s, and eggs of different forts, fuch as thev
had never feen before. They continued here all that
day (ilhing with lines and large hooks, and catched a
great number of lilli. The next dav they pmcceded
on their courl'c, keeping always in fight of land. This
fide of the ca|>e forms a gulph. The coaft is all low,
and full of line large trees which are continually green,
that is, they do not wither as tliofc in Kuropedo.forthe
new leaves grow before the old ones fall oft'. Thefe
trees are dole to the ihore ( it is a nioll beautiful coalt
to behold, and is watered every where by llveral fniall
rivers 1 hut they turn to no account, becaufe great
Ihips cannot enter them.

Ueyoiid this gulph the coaft is inhabited by two
negro nations, the one called Barbafir.i ; the other
Serreri, but not fubjeil to the king of Senega, for
they have neither king nor lord of their own ; but
one is more honoured than another, according to the
condition and quality of the perfon. They will fuf-
fer no lord among them, perhaps to prevent their
wives and children being taken from them and fold
for (laves, as they are in the other negro countries
which have kings and lords. They are great idola-
ters without any law, and extremely cruel. They
u(e bows and arrows more than any other weapons-,
whofe wounds are incurable, if any blood is drawn
by them, the cieature immediately dying. They are
exceedingly bl.ick, and well made. I'he place is full
of woods, lakes and other waters, which are a great
fccurity to them j for they cannot be invaded" but
through narrow defiles, for which reafon they do not
fear any of the neighbouring lords. In former times
the kings of Senega had attempted to reduce thefe
two nations to their obedience, but were always
worfted by them, to which their arrows, and the na-
tural ftrcnjth of the country very confiderably con-
tributed.

Ci>arting along with a good wind to the fouth, they
difcovered the mouth of a river which is about a bow-
Ihot wide, but not deep. 'I'o this they cave the name
of Harhaiini, being 60 miles from Cape Verde. They
failed along this coall by day, and at fun-fet always
came to an anchor in ten or twelve fathoms water,
about four or five miles from land. Al fun-rife, they
hoiftcd fail again, having a man continually on the
top, and two at the prow, to fee if the fca broke over
rocks or flioals. Sailing forward, they came to the
mouth of another river, which feemed to be as large as
the Seneija. At the fight of fo fine 3 river, and very
beautiful with trees down to the Ihore, they calt an-
chor, and determined to fend one of their negro in-
terpreters to land, of which every Iltip brought fome
from Portugal. Thefe had been fold as flavcs by the
lords of Senega, to the firft Portuguefc who touched
on their coall, were become Chriiiians, and under-
Jlood the Spanifli very well. They had them of their
inaftcrs, conditionally on their return to give each for
his wages a flave to be chofen out of their ftock, and
when any of thefe interpreters could furnilh his wai-
ter with four flaves, he was made free.

Havini; caft lots to fee which of the three Ihips
fliould (end an interpreter on fliorc, it fcU to tlic Ge-
Voi. I. No. j8.

noefe |
armed

entleman s turn, tiKreloi

iC l.lipl'l

lie<l

with orders to the n11.11 not lo tench 0:1
(hore J but when thiy lamicil, the intLipreter, «lio
was charged to inform Iiinifdi conccining the con-
dition as wl'H as g<ivt'riiiiK'iit of the couiilrv, and i:
there was any i'.oKl <jr othi r things to li.- had woi tli
coming for. I he intciprcier In mg Liiuivd, and llic
boat put back to fonie (|jit.irK.e, Icveral iiegro.i ot the
country came to met him. 1 hele, as loon as ever
they perceived the (hips i;|',|. roach the co.lt, lay in an:-
bu(n with hows, arrow, aiul olhit ueapoiis, in hopes
ol taking fome ol ihe llrangeiS.

After a flinrt dikourlc with the interpreter, wh.it-
ever the Uilijeit was, tlKVf»ll lurioullvoii linn witli
theii gomies, ami kilhd him, thofe in li.e lioat not
being able to adili him. When thole on board the
(hip received this news, it gave them great furprife ;
and concluding that tholi; ivho could commit luch
a piece of baibarity on one of their own race, would
treat them with more ciui-ltv. 'I'licy immediately
weighed their anchors, and proceeded on their voyage
to the fouth, filling in light of the land, which im-
proved ill beaulilul green trees, in proportion as thev
advanced, all the coaits being low. At l.ilt thev came
to the mouth of a very large river, being no Icfs tluii
three or four miles wide in the narroaelt part, as they
found they could falcly fail into it, they concluded t<i
reft there, toKarnuhat kingdom it was. 'I'he next
day being come to this river, which does not appear to
be lei's than fix or eight miles wide at theentranccj
they judged it to belong to the fo muchdefirtd country
of Gambra, and that near it they (hould difcover fome
rich land, when at once they might make their for-
tunes.

The day followin?, having but a ("mall breeze, they
fent the finall caraval before, well manned, with or-
ders, thai as their Hiip was fmall, and drew but lit-
tle water, (lie (hould proceed as far as (he could. If
they met with any banks in the river's mouth, they
were to found the depth, and if the river was naviga-
ble, then to turn back, and caflir.g anchor, give
fignals of the fame. Having found four fathoms wa-
ter thcydidas they were ordered. On this, it was
thought proper to fend another armed boat along with
the velKIs, (which was but fmall) into the river, with
orders by nfi means to light or dilputt with the na-
tives of thi. country.

Thefe boats proceeded up the river, which they
founded, and finding nolelsthan 16 fathoms v/ater for
two miles, they advanced farther, and faw the banks
of the liver very beautiful, and full of trees; but as
they perceived it made feveral turnings and windings
into the country, they did not think proper to pro-
ceed any farther. In theii way back, near the mouth
of a little river, which ran into the great one, they
faw three almeydas, each made out of om; piece ot
large wood, lik a fkift'. Though they were flrong
enough to defend tlicml'elves, yei in fi ar of being at-
tacked with poifoned arrows (iifedby all the inhabi-
tants of Cianibra, as the oilur negros h.ad informed
them) they took to their oars, making all poiHble
hafte back to the (hip. When they got onboard, the
almcdyas, which followeil them dole, ucre within ar-
row-Ihot. '{'here were about 25 or 30 Moors in her,
who ftood for (ome time looking at a fight quite new
to them, but would neither come nearer, nor fpeal^
notwithftanding all the endeavours that were ukd by^
figns to induce them ; and atlaft they returned, hav-
ing fatisfied their curiofity. "

About three o'clock, next morning, the two cara-
vals, which (laved behind, tailed with the current and
a fmall breese, in order to join their companion*
and entered into the river ; hoping to meet with more
humane people than thofe they had feen before. They
failed into the river one after another, the linall cara-
val being foremoft, and by the time tlT'.y had got four
miles up it, they perceived themfelvcs followed by '.
number of almeydas, without knowing from where*
they came. They tacked about, and bofe down uiior)
them, having firA covered their (hips in the beft r.an-
5 U , J.«r

VOYAGES TO THE

»3«

ncr they coiiKl, to fcivf asailtfcnce againft thiir I
UipppliJ iiivcninm'd ainivvs-. Thiv majc every thing
rc;idy to iii;lit, tlimigli ill providtil with arms, and
loon met them. The ainicvdas came under the prow
of Cada MoHo's fhip, winch was t'ortriioll ; and divid-
ing thcinttlvcs into two diviiions, tnok tlicni in their
centre. This gave tlicni an opptulunity to count
their number, w hich was fifteen, and as large as barks.
They ceali;il to row, raifed tlieir oars, and looked
tipon the caraval with wonder. There were about
■150 ncgros, all well in.idc, of a yood fize, and very
bl.ick. I'liey wore white cotton fliirts on their bodies,
and caps on their heads, like the ticnnans ; but with
a vvin^;on each iide, and a feather in the middle, by
which they diftinguifh thcnifelves as warriors.
At the prow of e.ich vefl'el there flood a negro, with a
round target ( which feemcd to be of leather) on his
arm ; yet they neither attacked the caraval, nor did
(he chufc to begin the fight. Thus they continued
peaceable till they faw the other two (hips bear down
upon them ; then they dropped their oars, and foot
arrows at them : the velicl difcharged four pieces of
cannon at theencmy ; the report of which, fo fur-
prifed them, . .at they threw down their bows; and
looking Comeiiines oneway, andfometimcs anotlier,re-
mained turprifed to fee the Hones foattercd by the can-
nun fall in the water near them. They continued in
this fulpcncc for a confiderable time : hut feeing the
cannon fired no more at them, layed hold of their
bows, renewed the fight with great fury, approaching
within a ftone's {hot of the fhips. On this the
fuilors began to difcharge their crofs-bows at them.
The firft foot was made by the baltard fon of the
Genocfe gentleman, which, hitting a negro in the
brealt, he immediately dropped down dead. Thofe in
the almeyda took up the dart, and gazed on it with
wonder, but did not give over the attack, which they
carried on vigoroully, and wer^ fo fiercely oppofed
by the caravals, that in a little time many of them
were killed, without the lofs of one European.
O' ''erving the difadvantage they laboured under, all
the almeydas fccmed to agree to attack the little
caraval aKern, which was both ill manned and ill
armed. They executed this defign with great fury,
which Cada iVIolto oblerving, moved forward to her
aflillance : and getting her between the two large ca-
ravals, they all difcharged their cannon and crofs-
bows at the almeydas, which made them retire.
After this, they linked the three caravals together,
and dropped an anchor that held them all, as it was
calm.

They next attempted to have fome talk with the
negros, by means of their interpreters, who often
lulled them. At lallone of the almeydas drawing
near, they aflced tl fe in her the reafon for attacking
ftrangers, who came to trade with them, as they had
done with the negros of the kingdom of Senega : that
they were willing to be upon the (aire terms with
them, if they thought proper, and were come from
remote parts wi'h great prelents to their king or lord,
in bthalf of the king of Portugal, who was defirous
of peace and friend(hip with him.

'i'hey then intreated the negros to let them know
what country they were in, who was king of it,

Jtxey might freecly come and take what goods they
thought proper out of their (hip ; that they would
take in return fome of their commodities, in fuch
fmall quantities as they pleafed thcmfelves,and that in
cafe thcv gave them none at all, they (hould be very
well c ntenttd. To this they made anfwer, That
they had fome intelligence of them before, ami of
their dealings with the negros of Senega, who they
laid, mull certainiv be very wicked men, for defiring
to have any frienddiip with them : for they were well
afl'ured Chrillians were men-eaters, and bought negros
for no other ufe than to devour them : that for the
fame realbn, tliey would have no manner of cnrref>-
pondcnce with then* ; but would endeavour to kill
them, and then make prelents of their cffctts to their

r'455-

lords, who lived about three davs joiirflev jrftant, ami
added, that the Loiintiy was called (iambra, lifthij
inllant the wind began to rile, and as they liad dif-
covcrcd the evil inclinations of the negros, they bore
down upon them ; but they Hud to the (hore ; and
thus ended their war with them.

The commanders of the caravals then came to a
rcfolutioH to proceed about 100 miles up the river, in
hopes of meeting with a better dilpoled people: liM
the failors, who were impatient to utiirn home, not
caring to run any farther hazard, unaniinounv, and
loudly oppofed their determination : declaring, that
they would confent to no fuch thing, and that they
had done enough already for this voyage. Therefore
being obliged to come into their meafures, the next
day they failed for Cape Verde on their return to
Spain.

During their ftay in this river, they faw the north
(tar but once, and that very low. In this place, the
firft of July, they found the night to be eleven hours
and a half long, and the day twelve and a half.
This climate is always hot, and the author was told
that the rain which falls within land is warm,
through the heat of the air. There is, however, fome
difterence in the heat, which is fomctimes greater, at
other times lefs. When this laft is the cafe, they call
it winter : for the rain begins in July, and continues
all 0>Slober, and falls every day about noon, when
certain clouds rife in the north-eaft-by-eaft or caft-
fouth-eaft point, accompanied with much thunder,
lightning, and a prodigious quantity of rain. In thi$
feafon the negros begin to fow their grain, in the
fame manner as thofe in Senega do. Their food
is millet, pulfc, flefo, and milk.

Cada Mofto could fay nothing concerning the
condition of the coujitry of Cjambra, as having been
obliged to return to Spain without proceeding any
farther j partly through the untrattablcnefs of the
natives, who are a fierce, wild people, cfpecially thofe
on the fea coaft, and partly thiough the perverfenefs
of the failors, who had retuftd to follow them, and
we find nothing more noticed till his return. -^.^

The next year he and the Genoefe gentleman
jointly fitted out two caravals, in order to return to.
that river. Prince Henry having heaiil of their de-
fign (which indeed they could not have undertaken
without his leave) was highly pleafed at it, and de-
termined to fend a caraval of his own along with
them. Every thing being got ready for the voyage,
they failed from f.agos, not far from Cape St. Vin-
cent, in the beginning of May, with a profpcrous
wind. They fteeied for the Canaries, and made them
in a few days : but as the wind continued favourable,
thev did not touch at them, continuing their courfc
I'outherly j the i urrcnt, which ran to the foulh-wc(t,
alio favouring them, they failed at a great rate. At
lalt, coming in fight of Cape Blanco, they kept
out to fea, and the night following wire taken in a
great ftorm from the fouth-we(V, which made them
lieer weft-by-north for two nights and three days,
rather than turn bark, in order to weather the tem-
peft.

On the third day, they defcricd land, to the great
joy us well as furprifc of every one, to find it in
thole parts, where they thought there was none.
Having immediately ordered two men to the main-top,
they difcovcrcd two large iflamls : this being made
public, their fatisfaiStion was ftill the greater j for
they were fenfible, thele illands were not known in
Spain. As they imagined the places might be inha-
bited, and were eager to pufo their f<irtuncs j they
ftcered for one of them, which fooh coming up with,
they failed round part of it, till they came to fafe an-
chorage. The weather growing calm, they lent their
boat well manned and armed on Ihore : the men
landed, and having gone over fome part of it, brought
word back, that they could meet with no finns of in-
habitants. Next morning to clear up all doubts,
Cada Mofto fcnt ten men well armed with guns, crofs-
bows, and other weapons, ordering thtm to go to the

top

-Msrtr.v

>455'1

COASTS AND IS r-AKDS OF AFRICA.

439

top of fome mountains in view, and thence look out
not only for people, hut alfo lor more iflands. Thcff
men having cxecuud their coninmniU, found no in-
habitants, but an incredible number of pigeons, which
they caught with their hands, fuch ftranjicrs were
the birds to man, and brought grc.it quantities ot
them to the caravals. What was of much more iin-
portaiu-c they difcovcrcd three other large iflands, one
of which was to the leeward toward the north, which
thiifc ill liic Ihips did not fee j the other two lay to the
ioulh, and in their courfe, all within fij>ht of one
another. 'I'hefe men lilcewifc obfervcd fomcthing like
iflaiuls to the weft, but at fo great a diftance, that
they could not didinguifh them clearly, neither did
CaJa Mofto care to fail to them, led hs fhould lofc
time, and meet with nothing but dcfart iflands, like
thofe hetouched at. (The newsof his having diicovered
thefe four iflands, brought others this way afterwards,
who, being defirous to fee how many iflands there
were in all, found them to be ten in number both great
and fmall, inhabited only by pigeons and other birds:
but a tine Hfliery).

I'rocecdingon their voyage they failed from this ifland,
and coming in fight of the other two, fearched for an
anchoring place near one of them which was full of
trees. Here they difcovered the mouth of a river, and
being in need of water, they came to an anchor, and
landed in order to fupply their wants. Some of the au-
thor's men went a little way up the river, and met
with fome lakes of beautiful fine fait, large quantities
of which they brought to the fliip : laying in what
Uock they thought neceflary ; as they did likewife
of the water, which was exceeding good. Tortoiles
they found here in great numbers ; they took a good
many of them, whofe fliells were larger than a great
target. The failois drcfled them in different diflies,
as they had done before in the gulph of Argin, where
alfo thcfj fifli arc plenty, though not fo large. The
author, out of curiofity ate fonre of the flelh, which
fcemed to be very good, and nothing interior to veal,
having a good fmell and tafte. They falted a num-
ber ot them, which proved good provifion on the
voyage. They caught alfo fuch a large quantity of
other fith about the mouth, as well as in this river, as
is fcarccly credible ; and though they knew not the
kind, yet it was large and well taflred. A vcflel of
an hundred and fifty tons might fail into the river,
which was a full arrow's fliot wide. Here they re-
mained two days to refrefh, and took in the above-
mentioned provilions, befides large quantities of pi-
goons, which they killed without number. I'o the
tlrfl ifland they anchored at, they gave the name of
Bona Vifta, as has b:cn already oblervcd, being the
iirfl they had fight of in thofe parts, and to the other,
which fcemed the largeft of the four, St. J.igo, hav-
ing call anchor there on the firft of May.

Every thing being in readinefs for purfuing their
voyage, they fet fail from thefe iflands ; and ffcering
their courfe for Cape de Verde, arrived at Spedegar j
and keeping within fight of land, came afterwards
to a place called. The two Palms, lying between Cape
Verde and the river Senega. They knew the courfe
fo well that they doubled the Cape next day, and
pafTing forward came once more to the river Gambia,
into which they fpeedily entered, and without any
oppofuion from the negios or their almeydas, failed
up the river, always by day, with the lead in hand.
Such of the almeydas of the negros as they met with
kept at a diftance, and rowed clofe to the bank of the
river, not prcfuming to venture near them.

About ten miles within the river they caft anchor,
on a Sund.iy morning, at an ifland in the fliape of a
fmoothing-iron, .vhcrc one of the failors, who had
died of a fever, was buried j and as his name was
Andrew, being well-bclovcd, they gave the ifland the
name of St. Andrew, which it goes by.

Lciving this ifland they proceeded up the river,
and fome of the negro almeydas followed, though
wide of thcin, being hailed, the interpreter fpoke to
them, and Ihcwcd tnem a few trinkets, which were

oftiircd to be given them, telling them that they might
fafely come near. One of them who came on board
Cada Mollo's vefl'el, was much furprifed at the fight
of the fails and rigging, thefe people making ufj
of no fuch tackle in the conllraition of their al-
meydas.

lleiiig aflccd fcveral queftions relative to the coun-
try, tliis man faid it was called Ciambra, and that
Foiof.ingali was their lord, whole refidentc it ap-
peared was at the diftance of about nine days jour-
ney. This prince, he obferved, was tributary to the
emperor of Melli. And this man introduced Cad:w
Mofto (after a paifage of forty miles up thf river) to
the refidcnce of a prince or lord called li.'tlimanfa,
with whom he advifed them to enter into a treaty of
pcicc and fricndfliip. The author made him a pie-
fent of a filkcn Moorifh garment, and told him, that
they came from the chrillian king of Portugal, wliu
wiihed to enter into a treaty of commerce with their
countrymen.

Battimanfa agreed, and received the cmbalTy with
much civility. A trade was afterwards eftablifhed,
and cotton, cotton yarn, civet, and other commo-
dities (befides monkeys and baboons) were traded and
bartered for, as alfo negro flaves and fome gold j but
the latter not in fo large a quantity as Cada Mofto
had expelled.

Every day he faw his vcfTels crowded with people
of ditferent complexions and of various languages,
the negros continuing to go up and down in their
almeydas with men and women on board, from one
place to another. The natives here, like thofe of
other places already defcribcd, put great faith in for-
cery. But there are fome Mahometans among them,
the Moors having infinuated themlLlvcs by trade, or
gamed footing by force, along moll part of the
coads of Africa.

The natives of this country live nearly after the
manner of thofe of Senega. 'J'heir clothing is of
cotton i and the women, when they are young, make
figures on their necks, brcafts and arm:;, with the
point of a hot needle. At a fpring near the banks
of a river, the failors found a very large tree full of
holes and hollow, the branches make a large fhadc.
There were other trees larger than this, by whicli the
richnefs of the foil is eafily conceived ; the country
being watered by feveral ftrcams.

The author fliys the country is full of elephants ;
but the inhabitants know not how to tame them, as iii
other countries. As they lay at anchor in the middle
of the river, three elephants came out of the woods,
and walked by the river-fide : they put out their boat,
and fome hands to go to them, being at i'ome diftance;
but on their approach, thefe animals returned into the
woods.

Thefe were all the author faw alive. Afterwards
a negro gentleman, out of complaifanoc (hewed him
a young one dead, which this negro (who lived ncaf
the river's mouth) had killed after two days chacc.
Thefe people hunt on foot in the woods, with bows
and aft'aguays only, which are envenomed. Their
method is to place themfelves behind the trees, and
fometimes mount to the tops, leaping fiom one to
another, in the puifuit of the el phant ; which bcino-
a large animal, is wounded ir many places before it
carrturn about, without having power to make any
reliftancc; though in an open field, no man duril
attack one ; or could efcapc, were he ever fo I'wift.
But he will never hurt any perlon unlets provoked
to it.

The gentleman made the author a prefent of what
part of the dead elephant he liked beft j and gave the
remainder to the huntfmen to feail on. When Cada
Moflo underllood that this elephant was eaten by the
negros, he had a piece of it cut off for loafting and
boiling. Of this he ate, that he might fay he had
fed on the flcfli of an animal, which none of his coun-
try had ever done j however, he could not relifli it j
for he found it hard and of no pleafant tafte. He
brought one of the legs, and part of the trunk, to

the

lO I

^i»

■ i

4^0

V O Y A G K S TO THE

fi.*-''

the carav.i), logrthct with fomcof its hair, taken off
the boily, which was very hiacic and thick, liciiig a
(pan and a half long. [This linir, with part of thi-
flefli, faltci! on piirpofe, he on his return prelentetl to
the prince, who received it with great pleafurc, as it
was the full that came from this country, dilcoveicJ
by his own encouragement. J

ItmuK be oblbrved that the elephant's foot is round
like that of a hurfe, but without h<iof<', which are
fupplied by ahard, bl.ick, and very thick (kin, bcfet
with five nails on the forepart, which are round. The
foot nf this elephant, though young, was not fofmall
but that the folc meafured u fpan and an half every
way.

In the (Jambra, as will as all other rivers on this
coaft, bcfiuis the Calcitnci, and other animals, there
is one called the Rivcr-horfe, of the fame nature al-
moft with the fea-cow, whicli lives both in land and
in the water. It is as large as a cow in the bodv, and
has but fliort legs with cloven feet, and a large head
like that of an Tiorfc, wilh two large teeth like tlie
wild boar's hulks, I'omc of which the author had fecn
above two fpans in length. This animal getting out
of the river, walks along the fide like other four-
footed beafls, and was never before difcovered by any
of the (Jhriltians t'latCada Mofto could learn, except
perhaps in rhc Nile. He alfo f.iw bats upwards of
three fpans long, and ftveral other birds very diUcrent
from thofc in our parts, both in talk and (hape, but
yen' good to eat.

Having left Battimanfa's country, in a few days
they got out of the river, having Itocked themfclves
with a fiifficiency of commodities, they agreed to con-
tinue their courle along the coalt; but as they found
themfclves too near the river (Jambra, and the land
ran a great way to the fouth-weft, as far as to a point |
which they took for a cape, they kept to the wcif, in
order to gain the fea, though the coalt was very low,
and full of trees. This being done, at laft they per-
ceived that it was not a cape, as they had fuppofed,
the fhore appearing ftrait on the other fide of the
point. However, they failed at a diftance, and kept
good watch, as they difcovered breakers upon it.

" Within three days afterwards, (fays our author)
they difcovered the mouth of a river, which appeared
to be about half a mile wide, and towards evening,
faw a little gulph, which they took for the entrance
of a river, nut as it grew late, they came to an an-
chor, and failing into the gulph the next nmrning,
found a river not much fmaller than that of Ganibra,
(or CJanibia.) Calling anchor here, they ngrced to
arm two of their boats, anil to fend their interpreters
on ftiore, in order to get intelligence relating to the
fituationof thecoimtry, and thedifpofition of its in-
habitants. The interpreter returning, brought word
that the river w.as called. The River Cafamanfa, ta-
king it-, name from a negro chief who refided about

{0 miles up the country. H.iiliij; received this i,i-
tellij;ence, they failed from t!ii> raer the mst duj.
Its lituation wa^ about 25 h.igues from Gambia.
They afterwarils »;aine 10 a ca|ie about leveii Itaj'ues
diftant, which «.!■. fnmcwhat higliir than the nit of
ihe coalt. The limit of it appeared to b; rtil ; fir
which reafon it was dcnoiniMMcd Cape Roxo; Itill
proceeding, they ariivrd at the moutli of tuo other
large rivers, one ct which they called S. Anne's, and
the other S. Duminitk's.

The next d.iy they c.inie to another large river,
which appeared to be a guhph, and they perceived le-
veral beautiful tries on the loulherii (.de of it. Hav-
ing failed acrols, they faw Uime iflaiul? in the lea,
and came ti: an aiicimr, as ul'ual, in older to j-et
intelligence of the countrv. Tho large almeydaj
came off to them, the day afltr they had anchored,
and thefe rowed on board the fliii>s. Ore of them
was as large as acaraval, with abi.ut 30 liands in her,
and the other had about 16. The I'ortugucit oblirv-
ing that they came on with gre.it cageriitf.N, took to
thiir arms, not knowini; what their defigns might bej
and being thus prcpuK-il, waited their arrival. How-
ever, as they drew near, they hoifted out fometliing
while, as a (ignal of iwace, which the Portuguifj an-
fweiing, the neg.-os came along-(ide. The largelt
of the two aliiie)>das advanced towards Cada MoHo's
veflel, and feeined (truck with admiration as they
conlimplated its (vim, examining th': main- fails,
yards, anil rigging, with the molt minute atteiiiioii.
The interpieter, by order, afked them what place it
was ; but to the great mortification of the voyager.-,,
as he could not uiiderlland a word of ihtir langu.ige,
no iitclligcnce was to be gained. However, a lew
gold rings were bought hce, the price of them be-
ing agreed upon by fignals.

As our voyages found themfclves in a country where
their interpreters could not poiTibly be of any ule
to them, they had little encouragement to proceed.
In this river, called Rio Grande (which Ue Faria
fays was difcovered by Nunncz 'I'riftan nine years
before) they remained two days, and, during their
(tay there, experienced great contrarity in the tides
and currents, which fet in with fuch violence, that it
was wilh difficulty they bore up againd them, havin^;
often three anchors a-head ; and fomctimes they were
forced to hoift their fails, the current exceeding tlie
force of the wind by its impctuofity.

Leaving the mouth of this river, they direified
theircouric towards two large iilands, and (omc fmall
ones, that layabout 30 miTes diftant from the conti-
nent. Thefe two large illamls were inhabited by ne-
gros : the country was low, but full of beautiful
trees. But meeting with foinc difficulty as before in
regard to language, Cada Mofto thought fit to quit
them, and continue his courfc to Kurope, where he
arrived in fafcty, after a profperous voyage.

VOYAGE OF THE SIEUR D' ELBEE, to ARDRAH, on the COAST

OF AFRICA.

TH E Portugucfe, EngliOi and Dutch, had rc-
fpe£lively vifited the African coafts ; the en-
tcrprifing genius of the' French would not fufFer
them tc be idle. Guinea, the £a(l and Weft Indies
were objefls of their attention, and they failed not to
make voyages to thofe places with a view to eftabliih
fettlements in them, as well as in the weftern hemif-
phcre, where they envied the fuGcels of the Spaaiard*,

who lindcr the aufpiccs of Columbus, had added a
new quarter to the globe.

'i'he French Weft Indian company, eftablilhed in
1664, finding the want it had of n?gro (laves, equipped
two vefTels at Havre dc Grace, viz. The Juftice, and
the Concorde, each of 250 tons, aiid carrying 32
guns. The Sieur d' Elbee, commidioncr of the
marines, was named commodere of chcle Ibips, and
7 went

COASTS AND ISLANDS OF AFRICA.

iti-
ne-
Iful

ill
luit

3*
the
ind
riit

1670.J

went on board the Judice, having with him the Sieur
du Bourg, who was appointed commanJer of the in-
tended tort and factory on the coall of Ardrah.
Amungdthe under ladtors who went on this txpwli-
tton, was one Carlut, who knew the country by
having refilled there in the Dutch fervicr, and was
now entered into that of the French company. 'I'hefc
vefli'ls departing November I « i66g, failed along the
cciftof Africa, and having touched at Cape lilanco,
nnd feveral other places, came to an anchor in the
road of Atdrah, January the 4th, 1670.

The next day the Sieur Carlof landed, and went to
OfFra. He w.-is informed at I'raya, by the go-
vernor, that the Dutch being apprifed of the com-
pany's dcfign, ufed all methods 10 travcrfe and ruin
the cntcrprili;. Tliis governor did not f.i 1, according
to his foveieign's orders, to difpatch a courier to Ar-
drah, to notify to the court the arrival of the French
(hips, and the Sieur Curlof lent off another with let-
ters to Offra 1 he was moil kindly received by the
viceroy, and returned on board to give the Sieur
D' Elbee an account of what he hivd Icirncd by this
journey. The Second of the Dutch factory came on
board the Jufticc to compliment the commodnre, and
made him a prefent of i'relh provifions. tioth his
compliment and prefent were received, and though the
commodore was lijcrctly convinced of his fecret ill will,
yet he was regaled, and lent back with prefents, as if
hehad bcenareal friend. The Sieur du Kourg landed,
and went to OHVa, where the Englifli factor provided
him a lodging and prov'Aons ; for the natives were
not allowed to furnifh any, till, by the king's orders,
the trade was opened. The viceroy, however, re-
ceived him with ^rent civility. 1 '>rce days palled
without any anfwer from court. Thi: furprifed the
Sieur Carlof the more, as he had writtL'i a letter to
the king, reminding his m.ijelly of their ancient
frienillhip, and that, in their youth, they had drank
mouth to mouth, that is, out of the fame glafs ;
which, amongll thcfe people, is a fort of pledge or
token of perpetual friendfliip.

In the mean time the company's prcC-nts for the
king were landed. AmongH thcfe was a fine gilt
coach, with a magnilicent fet of harnelTcs, which
fort of carri.ige had been introduced by the Portu
guefe.

It is the cudom of the court of Ardrah to make
Grangers wait a long time for an anfwer. The king,
inconfideration of his former friendfliip for the Sieur
Carlof, was pleafcd to Ihorten the time. The deputy
captain of his majefly arrived at OiFra, July the i6th,
ten days after the date of the letters. He waited on
the Sieur Carlof (who was at the Sieur du Uourg's
lodgings) in the king's name, and told him, that
prince was overjoyed to find any of his friends alive,
who were worthy to fee him ; that he (hould have that
honour immediately ; and that the king, to (hew his
remembrance of their former friendfliip, would not
receive his prefents before hand, as he did of;other na-
tions : he added, that the king was well difpofed to
favour the French, and grant them the fame privi-
leges enjoyed by other nation^, and even greater,
and that his majefly had commanded the prince his
Ion, and the great contain, to repair as foon as pof-
fible to Ofl'ra, and conduiSt him to court. This
news, which the French took care to publifli, greatly
mortified the Dutch. Two days after, the iureditary
prince, .ind the great captain of trade, arrived toge-
ther at OfFra. "The Sieur du Bourg, attended by the
Sieur Carlof, went immediately to vifit the prince.
The meeting pafled in mutual compliments, and, as
it was late, no motion was made of bufinefs. Next
day the prince, attended by the great captain, returned
the vifit i and after the ficfl civilities, told him, that
he was fent by the king his father to conduiS him to
Aflcm, (or Ureat Ardrah) but that firfl he would
entertain and drink with him at the fea-fiJe ; from
whence, returning to Offra, he would proceed to
court. After this vifit, the French had the liberty
of buying from the natives what ihcv wiiitcd, not
Vol. r No. 38.

44*

only on fliorc, Juit for the vi'dlls in tlic rnaj, t''-
tliougli they wanted little, havin;; been pliniilully
fuppMed by the coalt negrns in the iiijjil. [.inuiiv
the.zoth, the prince w.is carried t'j tin' ica lldi", wlitf
a lari^c tent had hem ereclnl fur hi n. lie wps at-
tended by the great captain ot traiii', 'he Siiiirdii
Uourg and Carliif, the l-.ngldh l'acl)i., and i!\e un-
der clerks of the Dutch laotoiy. H : armed at the
Ihore about nine nVloik in tlie nuMiiin^. As loon as
he appeared, the Sieur d' Ellice, who sv.is on boaril,
faluted him with four ililcli.ii(.Hs of v^elvr .;uhs each,
at Imall intervals, alter winch he went on (hiirc.
As foon as the boat came near land< the prince lent
fome of his retinue, who took him on their llinuldcrsj
and brought him on lh>>rc ^ others lifted up (he boat
with all the crew, and fet it down tweniy tathonis
from the fea, with as much dexterity as ftreiigth.
Thele ncgros were all large and loliuft men, hut
quite naked, except a piece 01 cotton cloth round tlieir
waifl.

After the Sieur do Klhec had aJv meed fome paces,
an officer defired him in Poiiii^uelr, to (laii where he
was; which he did, and all the p ople, who had
crouded to fee him, retired, out of iiipcct, fo that he
remained alons- with his attendants at the nei;r(iof-
licer's. Soon after, they perceived a conipan\ of ne-
^ros approach, who carrieil crooked flicks, in the
(hapeof an S, at tht end of which were fixed little
banner', wh^ch they Ihouted with, playing a thoii-
fand tricksof dexteiitv. After tlieli', came the drum-
mers, their drums being painted and tjper at each
end. They beat well, and made an agreeable ca-
dence. 'J'hcy were followed by others, who bore the
inflrumcnts of polifhed iron, like fm.ill bells, on
which tliey made mufic with rods jingling in con-
cert with the drums ; next came a laige tioop of co-
medians, or players, fome dancing, others finging*
and (hewed feveral antic poflures ; lome telling di-
verting ftorics, and aniongfl the;n fome had brafs and
ivory trumpets of different fizes, whofe founds kept
time with the other mufic. All thef" compoied the
prince's band of mufic, and aUvr^s attend him, when
he appears in ftatc. They p-l. J in good order by the
Sieur d' Klbec, entertaining him with their beft trum-.
pets, 'I'he officers of tlic prince's houfliold appeared
next, at f.ime diflance at the head of his guards, whn
marched with their mufquets on their (houlders, and
had by their fide* fabrcs with gilt handles. Thcfe
were fiillowed by the great equerry, or niaiter of the
horfe, who walked finglc, richly drelFed, his baton
his head, and t>earing on his (houlders the prince's?
fabre, as the I'word of ftatc is carried before the doge
of Genoa. The prince came next, having borne
over his head a large unihrtlla. He walked (1owly<
leaning on two of his officers ; the great captain (or
general) of horfe marched at his right fide, and ih:
great captain of trade on hit left, rie was followed
by feveral of the nobles, or grandees, and the pro-
cefFion clofed with above 10,000 negros.

When the prince approached within ten p.nces of
the Sieur d'Elbec, he flopped, and then the officers,
who attended the latter, told him it was time to ad-
vance. He did fo, faluting with a low bow, in the
French fafhiun, the prince, who prclented him his
hand, and d'Elbee gave his to the piincc, who
fqucezcd it gently, looking at him fteadfaflly, without
fpeaking. D'tltie was filent a moment, to exprcfs his
refpeift, and then made him his compliment in Por-
tuguefe, whichthcprincc,out of (late, had intirpreied^
though he both undcrftood and fpokc the Portut^uefe
well. He made ufe of the fame interpreter, to ttfl the
Sieur D'Elbee for anfwer, that he was glad to fee
him; that he would employ all his credit with the
king, his father, in his favour j and that he thanked
him for his obliging oflers. After this, be took hira
by the hand, and made him walk by his fide b neath
the umbrella. He would lee the boat which brought
him on (hnre : he examined it with attention, and
taking the flig which it had, caufed it to be let u|>
befoie his tent, where was drawn up a company of
5 X nM'.

VOYAGES to T U t

[1679;

i
i

hiiilqiietfcr«, wliofc p'tccs wfrc in good order, nnd

tlicv Imd all fahrcs aiul pdiulic?.

'I'd'- Siiiir j)'Klhtx- ami ihu prince convcrficl and
dim J tii.;i.tlicr, alter tlir ni:iiiMcr of the Cduntrvj -ind
ihc l.ittt 1 on his cnniing out, caulcd Icvcml hniidl'iils
of bujis to he dillribultd to the people, I'roni whom
he reccivtd louil acrlamall'ns. After thi'-, trade was
opiM, ami the French had lull liberty to deal with the
kinj^'s fiiiijciits.

'i'htpnnec ;ippfarcc!tobc aboiitthirty or thirty-five.
He h:id on but two pagncs ^)r robes, both of which
train.il on the ground i one was of fatin, the other of
tartyte, witli a bioad tattytc fcarf tied like a belt.
The I ill of liis boily was n.iked. He had on a hat
with red ;inJ \\liitc fenthers, and red pumps on liis
feet. — At th," Sieur D'Elbct's taking leave in the
tvcnini;, tlit princo Shewed him new civilities, prn-
mifing hiiii liis jirotcCtion to the French nation on all
oicali.iiis, and would even fee him to his boat : which
a nunilicr of iK.wt ncj^ros took on their (honlders and
c.'.rricd into the fca, beyond the large waves. The
commodore liluted the prince with many huzzas,
and his Ihip wiih four lalvosof twelve guns each.

In the mean time the prince |daccd himfelf in his
hammock, which was cairicd by two lufty ncgros.
'I'he Sicurs du liourg and Carlof alfogot into theirs j
and like him had umbrellas carried over their heads.
The prince fet out thus, attended by his guards,
his mulic, and a great crowd of people. It was late
before they reached Oft'ra.

The next day, January the 21ft, the prince at-
tended by the two grand captains, paid a vilit to Du
Bourg, and invited him to accompany him to AHcm,
ordering hammocks to be given him and Carlof.
'J'hey fet out on the 24th, and as they travelled in the
prince's company, had the advantage of feeing "the
country by day, which is a privilege denied to all
ftrangcrs. The prince gave them a grand entertain-
ment at (ji'eat Foro, a large village, which lies half
way between Offra and Ailem; and as they fet out
late, it was night when they arrived at the capital.
They were condu.'ted to an apartment in the king's
pal.'.ce, defigncd for the French, where the king fcnt
them their flipper.

Mean time D'Elbec landed the merchandize, which
was carried from the ftiore to Offra by ncgros.
Tbefe had twenty bujis for the journey : a fmall rate
for porterage, but proportioned to their burdens,
v.liich never excccdetl two bars of iron, or a weight
equivalent, which they call Tongc. The bar of iron
here, is nine foot long, two inches broad, and one
fourth thick. From Offra to Affem they tranfported
the king's prefents, and the goods dcfigned to trade
with the grandees.

The Sieur pu Bourg h.id his firft audience of the
king, en thczytli ot January, iii which he appeared
under the charsdlcr of ambafl';idor, from Louis the
14th and in that quality was introduced by the
frince, thepricft, and two great captains of trade and
horli.'. File king made him fit down on a bed of
cotton, placed near his armed chair. Du Bourg paid
liis compliments in Portuguefe, which, though the
king iiiiderliood and fpokc perfedHy well, yet he had
his addrtfs explained by his two interpreters, Matteo
and Francifco, who kneeled at his feet. The office
of interpreter here is very confider.ible, but the leaft
miltakc or falfihcation is as much as his life is
worth.

The king having given an obliging itiifwer to the
Sieur Du Bourg's compliments, the latter prefentcd
tiis mrijcfty the coach and other prefents fent him by
ihe company, after which, he intreated his pcrmil-
iion to build a lodge or facflory at Offra ; engaging
that four fliips fhould be fent regularly every year to
trade in his dominions. The king replied. With
refpedt to trade, the Dutch fent more fhips annually
than he could load, that the laft yenr fome had been
farced to go away without their cargoes, that there
were then a.5tually fix on the cOaff, and four at
Mina, tliat only waited advice from Uicir fa<5lory to

come i fo that he neither w.intrd flilpn nor merchan-
difc ; that the Dutch had made him very coiitideiable
offers to contrait an alliance with him^ in order to
have an exclufive right to trade in his d(. minions j and
that he had the greatelt reafon to comply with thim,
as the Knglilh feemed to ncgleit his ec.nimerce, and
the French, who h.ul formerly traded with him, and
kept their words no better, whitii was a fault he
could nor acculethe Dutch with. His niajctly added,
notvvithlfanding all this, the great things he had heard
of the king of France, and of the caic one of hi«
miniffers (hewed to extend commerce, raifed in him a
fondnefs to merit the efteem of fo great a prince, by
treating his fubjefts well ; for which end he had given
orders to his great captain for trade, to build a factory
at OtFra, to protcdl their commerce, and give them
all the encQiiiagement in his power. Alter this, the
boxes of the richett goods were brought, of which the
king had his choice, and the Sieur Du Hourg left the
price to his m.njcfty. This compliment produced a
good cftecft, and gave him an high elUcin for the
French. Du Bourg' falling fick here, left the di-
retition of the trade to Carlof, who immediately raifed
the price of flaves to eighteen bars a head, which
before never exceeded twelve. This was a piece of
policy defigned to ruin the Dutch trade, whochofe
rather to keep their goods in their hands, than not get
as much by them as they had done before.

The Sieur Carlof fent prefents to the queen-mother
and the queen, after which, he traded for about 300
(laves, which he bought from the prince, the priclf,
and the great captains. Thefe (laves he fent on board
his fhi])s. 'File deputy captain of trade alfo con-
duced fcventy-fivc, which the king paid for the goods
he had taken.

Proclamation was made through the country, on
the 8th of February, of the liberty of trade for flave*
granted by the king to the company. As this trade
was ffttlcd at OfJra, the king's receivers fixed the
duty there, the fame as at Affem, flaves bought from
the king pid no duty.

By the I (I of March, the Juftice having her cargo
compleated, was ready to fail, but waited for her
confort. — In order to forward matters, the Sieur
15'Elbce took a fecond journey to court, attended by
the Sieur Carlof, with his domeftics. 'I'liey arrived
before day at Adem. Duiingthc time of the Sieur
D'Elbee's (Kay, he vifited the town and the adjacent
parts, attended by two of the king's olTicers. On
his arrival, he was carried to the French apartment
in the palace, where the king immediately fent him all
forts of rcfrefhments : as meat, boiled and roaft, bread
of ditfcrent kinds, as well as liquors. The prince,
the grand priett, and other grandees did the fame, fo
that he had provifions enough for 200 p;(>ple. A*
foon as it was day, he was vifitcd by all the 'jranJees ;
but the prince fent to excufe himfelf from feeing him,
on account of the death of one of his children. He
was confined and faw nobody, which with them is
a mark of extreme grief.

The kingwas inoneof hisgardcns, featcd inad.qmafk
arm-chair beneath a gallery, when D'Elbce was ad-
mitted to an audience. This prince called Tozifon,
appeared to be about feventy, tail and big in propor-
tion j his eyes large and lively, and in his counte-
nance there was an appearance of penetration and
judgment. He was dreffcd in two pagnes like under
petticoats, in the Perfian mode, one over the other ;
the undermo(t was taffyte, the other of a pricked
fatin J a broad taffyte fcarf ferved him for a belt or
girdle j the reft of his body was naked. He wore on
his head a fort of night-cap of fine linen edged with
lace, and over it a crown of wood, black and fiiining
like ebony, of a fragrant fmell. In his hand he held
a fmall whip, the handle of which was of bl.ack wood,
and loaded with ornaments, the cord or whip being
of filk or pete.

After the ufual compliments the Sieur D'Elbec in-
treated the king would allow the French to build a
faftory in thsir own way, the one bcin^ built tou

little

J670.J

COASTS AND ISLANDS OF AFRICA;

little, and otherwife incnmmodiouj ; ajid that he
would give his orders for tiie Cafety of the diicdtors
and hiXon at Oft"r;i. The king raplied, He tooli
thole officers under his protedtion, and would take
particular care they (hould bi fife, and have no caiUl
of complaint ; that he would ilTuc hiH immediate
orders ; that the debts due by his luhjecis t» the
company (himld be difcharged in twciity-tour hours j
with regard to the factory at Ort'ra, he would give
direftion to the prince am; the two great captains to
go in perfon there and augment the buildings j hut
that he could not allow them to build a factory in
tlicir manner, " You will (fays the king) make a
houfe, in which you will at firll put two little pieces
of cannon i the next yar you will mount four;
and in a little time your faClory will be changed into
a fort, that will make you niaiti r« of my dominions,
and enable you to give laws to me." He ;iccompa-
nied thefe argunicnis with fo nuny apt ami winy
fimiles, and luch an air of good humour and plea-
fantry, that Sieur tl'tibcc could not be difpicaled at
fo obliging and polite a r' fufal. The kint; added,
that he wondered th'.- k.ngdom of France bi int^ fo
large anil full of able woiknin, the comp.inv ihoiiKI
load their \«i;flll with cummon mcrcliandii'e, like
thofe brought I r tl ■: KngI ih ;u.d Dutch. U'Elb.e
anfwered. That tins mil vo-irre len:; orlv to try the
trade, the Company had judj; d it proper lo fend only
fuch forts of goods ai the ling i^fji and Dutch did ; but
that for the future they would liipply his ma'i lly
with whatever was rare a.id curious; delirinj; he
would be fci i^ood as to name fuch things as would
be agreeable to him. The kin;» named a French
filver-hilted fword and cutlal's, large looking-glaflef
the finoft linen, and laced (hoes and flippers of velvet
and fcarlet cloth, fcentcd gloves, filk Uockings, and
fome other things, which the commodore promifcd
to bring or fend him by the firft vrfTels that fliould
■fail after his return to France. After this conver-
fation, the Sicur D'Elbec made his majefty a
prefent of a fowling-piece, and a pair of pinnis
mounted with filver. The king received this prelent
very agreeably. Inviting him to go and fee the prince
his cidcft fon, faying, that on his account the prince
would receive his vifit, though at fuch a time of
mourning. After this, he took the Sicur D'Elbce by
the hand, and difmifled him with fuch marks of his
favour as he had never fliewn to any European be-
fore.

The king is fo reverenced by his fubjeifls, that
except his fon and the chief priefts, nobody muft
appear before him, but with his face prottratc to the
ground, -not ever daring to look up : only when
obliged to anfwcr, thcv raife their heads a little, but
lay them down again as loon as they havedone fpcaking,
as was done by the two great captains of trade and
horfeat.this audience, (inly the prince and thechief
pried are exempted from thi-i fuhmlflion. Thcfe
fpeak to the king Handing, and have the privilege
of entering the palace at all hours, day or night,
without being lent for.

The Sieur d'Elbee having, by the king's favour,
been taken to the palace and gardens, vintcd all the
apartments except that of the women, where no-
body is permitted to enter. He received the Sicur
d'Elbee with a great deal of politcnefs ; and on his
account difpenfed with the ceremony, which admits
i\o pcrlbn of diftindlion to fee company during the
time of mourning. The hall where he gave au-
dience was large, and covered with a Turkey carpet.
The prince was feated on a mat. He caufcd others
to be brought for the Sicur d'Elbee and his two
officers. After an hour's converfation, in which he
allured the French nation of his proteiSion and
fricndlhip. He called for liquors, and drank mouth
to mouth with the Sicur d'Elbee, caufing fome to
uc prefented to the others ; after which he rofe up.
The Sieur d'Elbee took his leave and returned to the
town the fame way he came, alighting at the houfe
of the chief prielt, who had invited him to fupper,

44 J

and they had an entertainment which was heigliten-
>d by mulii , wnieli be;^an about the middle of the
repall. Vom^, like tliol.- of liltle ch 'drenj wue
heard, as coming liom a i;i'i.at ilillance, a '■ompanied
with the tinkling ot little bells. The FreiKJi c, ninian-
der obf TN nl wiih^^reat alien i ion. Tlie j're.it prieli, v. Iio
(poke I'oriugu' le |)'Hicll) well, iill.ed hiin what he
thought of tliele voices I He repli' J, They arc litllo
children, who line; well an! keep good time to their
inltruments. " I hey are my wives," lays the priell,
" who give you this little diverlion : it is nut the
cullom here to fhew our wives to aiiv : but to con-
vince you of tlieellecm 1 have for (he French, 1 will
give you that fatisl'adtion if you pliale." D'Klbec
returned liiin thanks ; and ulien lupper was over, llio
pricil ronduiited iiim up to a high gallery, which
h.id a window h/oking into the hall where they
fuppcd. Thife women were there, to the number of
between fivenly and eighty. Tiny had only petti-
coats or ficcpics, of tatt'ytc, which covered ihem from
the waill downwards, leaving the upper part naked,
borne ol them had tally te girdles. 'I'liey (at on man
at the end .■'.nd fules of the gallery, jirettv dole to
each other, and one by one. The aiiival of thi;
poiitift" and llran; ers feemed to give them neither
emotion nor curielity. 'i'hey continued their fing-
ing and mulic, llriicing with little rods on their bells
of iron and metal, which were cylindrical and of
diftercnt fizes. .

Fhcre wa-. a figure about the bignefs of a child of
four years old, and all white, at the corner of this
gallery. D'Elbee afking what ini.ige i: was, the
prielt told him it was the devil's : " iJut the devil is
not white, fays d'Elbee." In making him black, an-
Iwered the priell, you commit a millake; lor I
can allure vou he is very white, having feen him and
fpoken with him fevcral times. Jt is lix montiis
fince he informed me of the delign you had formed in
France to open trade there. You are obliged to him,
added he ; lincc, purfuant to tins advice, \vc havi;
negleftcd the other Europeans, that vou might
fooncr have your cargo of Haves." D'Elbee believed
what he thought proper, but would not difpute the
point with the priell.

'I'his great priell vvas about forty ; tall, well made,
and of an agreeable afpeiit. He wore the fame drefs
with the king's principal ofKcets ; ll.at is two largo
pagnes of lllk (luff in brocades, one over the other;
a large fcarf like a belt : cotton drawers, pretty long
fandals, or a kind of pumps of red Spanilh leather;
a cap or European hat, a large hanger with a gilt
handle faflened at his girdle, and a cane in his hand.
This he quits when he enters the king's apartments,
whofe prime minillcr he is, not only as to what re-
gards religion, but in affairs of ftatc. He is the only
officer who has a right to enter the king's apartment
bv dav, and to fpeak to him face to face without pto-
llration. He Ihewcd the Sieur d'Elbeeall thecivilitics
imaginable, waiting on him to the gate of the palace,
which he would not re-enter till he hud feen him in his
hammock. The fame night, he was carried back to
Offra, with the fame efcorte which had attended him
to Affcm.

The dominions of Ardrah are not confidcrable to-
wards the fea, fince the kingdoms of Whidah and Pape
have been difmembered from it. Their extent along
the coaft is not above twenty-five leagues, but they
run a great way in-land, as their bounds ealt and
weft are the rivers Volta and Benin, which are ico
leagues afunder. Its extent to the north and north-
eaft is yet greater : however, they fay it can raife but
40 or 50,000 men, which isafmall number to 200,000,
which the king of Whidah can affemble : but it muft
be confidcrcd, that the troops of the king of Ardrah are
not militia, like thofe of Whidah, but regular troops,
conllantly kept up, who only wanted Arc-arms ami
good officers to be able to recover the revolted pro-
vinces, and other countries the king of Ardrah has
a title to.

'. . ., .i ■: • > . '

the

44*

V O Y A {; E S TO

H F

ri67P.

¥ ^

Tlif I'fi','!'" fsn ni iilicr read nor write. They iiCc
/ii ill tiirJ- ticil chi knots of which, have thrir fi;;-

II hiiitii'ii. 'I'hfic af alio uHd by Ccvcriil (uvajif
iMtiiiiii ill Anuiiia. I lif (;randi'es however, wlioail
iiiiiK'idaiiil the l'i)rtii",iRle lai>;!;iiaye, hoih iiad and
«°!<i(. it wi.ll : hue thi) have nu cliaritcters of thiir
I"' II.

All nun of 1. ink hcjv wear two petticoat!! of tafteta,
*ii inlicr hik. 'i"hi. ;, h.ivc aW'o lilk Ic.irvis in the form

III J (h(iuijLi-bclt. I hey iilnally go haie-headcd and
tooted, ihiMijih tlicy ue;ii i-aps or hat-., and fandals or
Imi'J.iiimiI le..;hcr, ixiept in the kini;'s palace. The
ccinnioii piojile are tn.ered frcm the waill to the
*r.a-, \Mtli a piece ol Icr^ii', which niakr» two fold-
in;;-, and the end. i rois over the navel. The !n-
biiiiicrs uii.l piioier liirt ha\e mly n bit of cotton
cli>:h or n:.it, wliicli cover then nudities, and the rcll
■:> .ill naked.

The wonii n of rank !i,ive priiiooat< and fcarfs like
•'•. ■ 11 iM, but ,is 111 y iVldoni Itir abroad, they have
•^vmially noil, hl', on tlieir head or feet. The poor

uoincn wear Ih.nt pjtjnts. They have a itran^e

1.1 ll'Mli hvie. li a niarrud woih.mi prnrtitutes lierfcif
t(i .1 il.ive, and ihe iii.iller id ihc Have is a greater
iii.in ;haM tlv- tnj|ti.r of the woman, the woman
Iv.ci'inr^ lii> U.uc ; but, it on the contraiv the woman's
I'lilbar.il be of greater dignity, the aduliercr becomes
liii ll ive.

All the officri ofthe Islng's houfhild take the title
111 c.iptain, joiivd to the n.ime of his office. 'I'hus
the malKr i>f the huu'liuld is c.iilcd Captain of the
Tabic; the piirveyoi, Cptain ol the victuals i the
cup-bearer, Capf.iin of the Wine, &c. No perlon
fee« the kin;; eat ; and wli/n he drinks, an officer
lo'krs a li^nal with two iron rods, that all thole
)>ref,i)t may prollratc tluinCelveson the yioiind. It is
tU'nth even to lee hin drink, thou;j;h ULulvertcntly.
The officir wlio p.riLiits the cup tuiiis hi> back, and
gives it in tli.it pnlture. Thcv lay tbi-. is done to
jircvcMt any charms or forcory at t)u!i lime. A young
child, a great f.ivnurite of the king's, having fallen
alleep by him, and awaking at the nolle of the rods,
had the mislorlune to look at the king while he was
drinking j the pried ordered the inf.int to be killed on
the I pot, and fiiine drops of his hloml fprinklcd on
the king's cloaths and body, to prevent any ill
coiilcf|iii-nccs.

The king is alwnys ferveil on the knee; and the
fame rrfpeiit is paid the difhes, (.iihrr carritsi to or
from his table, thiifo who ifanJ in the oHiccrs way
b;:ng obliged to prollrate tlicmli-lves as they pal'-. Jt
is luch a crime even to look at the king's viifuals,
t.'iat the offender is punilhcd with death, and his fa-
in Iv made llavcs. Though the king has agrcat num-
ber of wivp', vet but one has the title of <^ieen, who
i> (he that beats him the firll Ion. Her authority over
t le reft, whom (he treats rather as In-r fcrvants than
companion*, is fo gre.ir, that (he ioinctimes fells them
a'- llavcs, without conlulting the king, who is forced
t ) pafs by the in.itter. An affair of this kind hap-
p.iied while the bicur d' EUiee traded here. The
queen having been reluled fonie goods or jewels (he
h :i! an inclin.ition hir, ordered them up privately,
and in exchange lint cii/htof his wives to the factory,
who wire ininiediatcly damped with the company's
mark, and lent on board, 'i'hefe poor princeffes had
fink under fo leviie a llroke, if the .Sieur d' Elbce
had not (Inwii them lome diftinction, by treating them
in a kind manner, fo he carried them in good health
to Martinico.

As to their religion, it is a confufed heap of fupef-
flitioii, hrrdlv worth that name. Their notion of a
•Supreme Ueing, arc extremely confufed anil obfcure :
they have no temple, nor any form of worfhip : they
offer neither prayers nor facrificcs. They are only
conceriKU about what relates to this life, having no
idea of a future ffatr.

'J'hc king's I'etiihe?, as well as thofe of the ftate,
arc certain Targe, black birds, like crows in Europe.
The palace-gaidens a.e full of thcfe, who arc will

fed, but liy no mean* (v riMpefled as the ferpents nic
at VV'hidah. Th' y only imagine, thm if one ol them
Ihould be klleU, I'onie I'leat iliislortune woii!d h.ip-
pen to the Hale. I'luatc perlons have 'Iieir parf-
cular I'etifhf, fume a inouniain, others ■ tree i loiiie
a llonc, a piece ot wood, or fuch like inanimate bo-
dies.

There is but one ceremony in nil the ftate, the
delign and reafoiis of which are not well known.
The great pi lefts has a houfc in each town, where
he fends the \\ivesof free people by turns, to learn
certain cxrreiles, which might lie luppoled of a rcli-

^lous kind, if there was any religion in the country.
lere they Hay five or hx months, and arc inilru^ied by
old women, who teach them a fort of dance and
fong 1 they make them enter by companies, day and
night, into a hall deftined fur this purpcle, and alter
fixing on their arms and feet ilight irons and pieces
of copper to make a nolle, they obligr them to dance
and ting with all their force. The dance cohnita in
ftamping with iheir feet, and a violent agitation of
their body, whiih is very fatiguing and difficult to
fupport. I'his they accompany with hnging, inter-
mixed with cries, which found like liowlings in time
and mealiire. They purlue this extravagant cxercilr,
till they drop down with faintnefs, when their old
niiitrcires fubftitute in their place, a new band of
Icholars, who continue the diverlion, to the gieat
dilluiliaiite of thofe who live near fuch roaring leitii-
naries. 'i'he .Siiur d'Elbvc had this misfortune, and
could get no rell night nor day, till he removed. He
fiiunti at Allem, I'oiiie Chriftian negros, who came to
bigChaplets of him, and feemed deflrous of hearing
mats, but he had not brought his chaplain with him.
It is probable tliele negros had liecn baptifed by the
I'oriuguclu duriiii; their fcttlcment in Ardrab, for
there were none of that nation- here then.

The trade of Adrah is chiefly li\ provifions and
(laves, the king has hi.s choice of all goods either for
payment of his duties or for the (laves he (ells. As
to his people, there is a regulated taift' for trade, the
price of goodt and flaves being fettled, fo that ditlcr-
i nces feldom aril'e, and when ihcy do, the king prc-
fently aiHufts them.

The Jufticc having completed her ci.rgo, the Sieur
d'F.lbce failed, leaving the Concorde behind. Sic
wanted her tull complement, and fet fail March
ijth, for S. Thomas, to get more ptovilions for fo
long a voyage as that to .\)artinico.

After the Sieur d'Klbct's departure, the Dutch
growing envious of the French tr.adc, and two vcllicU
of the nation arriving, the new-comers attempted to
take down the French (lag at Praya, which occafioned
a tumult : and the king being informed of the matter,
forbade anv flag Co be let up by the people of cither
country, at the fame time lie engaged to fend one
Matteo Lopez, his interpreter, in quality of anani-
baffador to the king of I' ranee, and he accordingly
fulfilled his promile.

The caraval fet fail afterwards with near 6oo (laves,
having on board the ambaflador and a prcfcnt for the
king, and arrived at Martinico on the i3lhofSeji-
tember, they were well received by M. Bao-, govci-
nor of the illand, and by the Sieur I'elitieur, dlre.ltor
general of the company. As winter approached,
cloaths were made for Aiattco Lopez and his family
after the French (afhion, an<l they v^ere fiirnifhcd
with all the neceflaries for the voyage. Thus pro-
vided, they embarked on the 27th ot September, ib70,
on board a (hip of one of the company's (hips, but
being delayed by contrary winds, did not reach
Fraiice till the 3d of December, when they anchored
in the road of Dieppe, after a paft'age of fixty-four
days from Marlinico.— —

As foon as all things were got in readinef-', the
ambafTndor went to court, whither he was in\ited by
the king, who received him in ftate. Hting intro-
duced to the royal piel'rnce, he began his compliment
by raifing his head a little, and fpeaking in Portuguefe,
told Louit XIV. thiir ihc king uf Atdrah, his mafter,
7 having

t(>p-]

coAstsANb Islands of AffticA.

441

;cl

b
J

having learned the womlerj rcporled of his majefty,
be lent to allure him huw much he ilcriirj (o gam lli^
favour, bv ofTcriiiK himl'tlr ind his kin^jilum M his
fervice. Louis made Uini rife, and obferving the am-
bafTador, who was in confufion, held a paper in his
hand, alliid what it was i The Sicur d' Elbee, who
officuted ai intcrpreteri replied, 'rhut the ambailador,
fearing that the awe of hit majefty's ptefence might
diforder the fjieech he defigned, hail wrote it the diy
before, and bid him tranflate it into Krcnch, that it
night be read if he thought proper. The king con-
fented, commanding d' Jtlbet to read it a-loud. It
Wans follows:
" Sire,
•« THE king of Ardrah and Alghemi, my fove-
teisn, has nominated me his ambalTadortoyour ma-
ym, to oftcr you all that his kingdoms can afford,
and hisprotcAion for all the ftiips you (hall pirafe to
lend thence, alluring you, that his dominions, ports,
and trade, are entirely at your devotion, and open to
all your fubjeAs.

•' To convince your majefty farther of his fin-
cere defire of maintaining the friendfliiphe intrcats of
your majefty, he has charged me to declare, that, for
the future, the gentlemen of the company fettled at
OfFra, (hall pay no more than 34 flavcs cudom, in-
itead of 80 they pav at prefent, which is lefs than the
Portuguefe formerly paid, or than the Spaniards,
Danes, Swedes, and Englifh pay, on account of
the Dutch, who have long traded with them ; but he
has ordered me to afl'iire your majefty of his protecting
your fubje<Sts againft the Dutch, and to keep his word
cxaAly on that head. He alfo engages, the French
(hips in this port, fliall, on all occalions, be pre-
ferred to the Dutch, and loaded before the latter be-
gin.

" He has alfo direAed me to inform your ma-
jefty when on occafion of adifpute between your fub-
jedls at Ardrah and the Dutch, in relation to the flag,
the king judging the diftinflion due to fo great a
prince, pKiced the fa£lor, your fubjeit, on the right
hand, and lodged him in his palace, the Dutch fac-
tor having only the left hand, and being lodged with
the. prince his ion. On this account he diTires to
know from your majefty the honours you would have
paid to your flag, that he may order them to be paid it
throughout all his dominions.

•• Amongft other things, the king intrcats of your
majefty, that ynu will fend twt> relgioui men to in-
ftruft fome of hisfubjedls, who have a little know-
ledge of Chriftianity, which they eagerly defire to
cultivate. He alio has commanded me to prefent your
majefty my twofons here before you, and befeech you
to accept them favourably, which I (hall efteem as
the greateft happinefs can befal me, by the advan-
tages they muft receive in ferving fo great a prince :
likewifc tojoin with them two hangers, two aflaguays,
a veftand carpet. He earneftly intreats your m.ijefty
to accept of thefe, and to believr, that if his coun-
try produced any thing more CLi'ous, or that he
thought could be more agreeable to your majefty, he
would fend it with great pleafure, as he defires no-
thing more than to perfuade your majefty, that his
determinations are yours, as entirely as your own."

This fpeech the king heard attentively, and was
pleafcd in anfwer, to tell the ambaflador, That he
was much obliged to the king of Ardrah, his mafter,
for his compliments, as well as for fending him for his
;imhaflaJor, whofc pcrfon was very agreeable to him ;
that he accepted the offer he made him of his two fons,
who fliould ftay with him while he refided at Paris,
after which he would take care of them himfelf ; and
that as to what related to trade, his majefty referred
him to the company. And thus ended the royal
audience.

The next day the Sieur de Berliefe came at two
o'clock in the afternoon, and introduced him to the
queen, who received him in ftate. He and his four
ions proftrated themfelves before her majefty, were
eracioufly entertained j and, as is cuftoroary on fuch
Vol. 1. No. 38.

occafions, were attended to and from their eoachci by
a ciowd of pLopIc,

In the next place the iimbalTaJor Was coniluiHed li>
the old Luuvre, to the a|i;ittmciU of the D.iuphin,
where he was received by (he Juke of Montaiicin,
who introduced him 10 tin- priiuc. Hcoblirvcil thq
lame ceremonies a he had doiiu lotlie kitig and queen.
He made the prince a compliment, in which hctoull
notice of the happinel's uf the duke of Montaucier,
in beingch()li:n to educate the firll prince in the world>
He tolj the Dauphin, that the great piincc uf Ar-
drah had charged him toalTure him ol liis rcl'iieO, a-id
to defire his favour and friendfhip, which lie wuulJ
du all he could to merit. After this he prel'eiUed the
Dauphin ibmc arms, fent him by the prince. The
Dauphin having anfwcred thefu complinieiUs in a
graceful manner, the ambafTador retiicd, nnd "as
reconducted as the day bcforci He next vilited the
king's minifters, and the chief lurd^ of the loiirt ;
he alfoin teturn received a great numbcrof vifits, aiio
all the civilities that could be paid. The kin^^'s co-
medians entertained him with their pcrfmnianecs,
which much delighted him. He often HlTilU'd in di-
vine fcrvice, in the principal church'">, and ihewcd
a very edifying attention.

He had alio an audience of M. do Lionnei iVcrctary
of ftate for foreign affairs, and tnid him in I'urtu-
guefe, that as he had come from the king his mailer
to offer the king of France his fen ices and dominions,
he thought it his duty to beg th.it he would contri-
bute his bell offices to promote the good corrcfpoiidcnctf
between the two princen, which commerce he was
about to eftablifh, and he hoped this the rather, as he
was alTured of his particular merit, and the zeal lie
had for the honour of the king his Ibvereign. M. dd
Lionne replied in Spanilh, that he would ul'e hi« inte-
reft and care in any thing that related to the iiiterelt
and ferviceof the king of Ardrah, andwifhcd to remain
in the good harmony he mentioned. After this he
afked him, what ports there were in his mailer's domi-
nions, if his kingdom was large, and if he hail often
wars with his neighbours ? The HmbalTador replied,
That the ftates of the king his mafter were of no great
extent along the coaft, but ran <b far in l:ind, thati
they were a fortnight's journey to pafs j that neither
on the coaft of Ardrah, nor in all Guinea, were any
ports or harbours, but only roads where (hips might
find good anchorage i and as tempcftswere rare on the
coaft, (hips fuffered no great inconvenience from that
defcCl i except the violent furf the fea made on the
(hore i that the king his mafter had powerful neigh-
bours, with whom he was often at war, and on thefe
occafions marched an numerous army, compofed of
horfe and foot, well armed, and very well difcip'
lined.

The ambafTador, taking leave ef Mi dc Lionne,
whorecondufled him to his coach, was carried to the
hotel of the company, where, alighting, he was re-
ceived by the directors in n body, and condudted to
the hall, where they affembled. Being defirous to hear
what they had to propofe in relation to trade, and an.'
fwer their demands as far as their inftru£lioiis would
allow, one of the dire£lors, in the nameof the reft,
made the following propofals :

Firft, That the company's (hips, trading to Ar-
drah, (hould have the preference to all other na-
tions.

Secondly, That they (hould pay but 24 flaves for
duties inftead of 80, paid by the Dutch vefTels ; and
that this duty fliould be reduced for the French to the
old footing, as in the time of the Portuguefe.

Thirdly, That the king of Ardrah (hould oblige
thofe of his fubjeCts who were the company's debtors^
to make fpeedy (atisfaClion.

Fourthly, That their faAors (Ifould not be obIi|e<l
to truft any lord or grandee, if they thought him flot
in condition to pay.

Fifthly, That leave (hould be granted to coyer theii'
magazines and faClory witk tiles inftead of ftraw^
which expofe all tleir gotds (sfire.

5 Y Sixthly,-

4*«

V () Y A F. S TO T If i;

^•■•\

,1 ''

Sixthly, Th.it the king flionlj be pleaftd to take
tlic coniiMiiy, Ilk lutitort .ind rfTc^h under his imme-
di.ite prore^liim.

l)ii grHniiii;^ thrfc article*, the rnnipany enpngrd to
k'cj) it» warehnulc conlhiitl) ftnckiJ with good*, (o
tii.ll (here (hoiilil he alway* nienh.inilid- to the vilur
ot SO' (l.ivrs in rrd-rve, over ;uid above the common
call, whiili(l>ii;ilil(i-rve3!- (i:ciirity in the liing'j hanil*;
likewili: to l^nd thips ye:irlv, to lupply the trade, and
to ii.ide with ri'iuthcr prince.

The .inil'i.ifla.t.ir h;uinj; .Utentively heard thcfe
piiipol'iil-., rr-.nlily agiiTj that all fliouM be pr.inted
uithmit rcllriotinn, cxiepting the fiift and fifth,
\Viih regard to titr lirl^ he laid. That it' the company
VdiilJiieal f>r 11.1ns, ojily with the king hi* maftcr,
Ik cnulil alliiie thiin, they (lintitd always have the
p.'.'finnci', and tlirir lliip< be loaded before Ihofc of
liny othtr nation in the loid. A« to the 'tl'lh, he
proinifi.d to ulc hi* b.ll ofRccj with the kin;» to obtain
It : but not b.in;; turv of hi* mailer's intention*,
Iif roiiM njt;;iif hu word for the (net els.

All iIk- rclt of ttij anib.ill'ador's (lav at P,Tri«, was
employed n payim; or rcceiviiii; vMits, -.ind he was
cvtry whcri; ticatttl with all the kin. inc. f> he could
wifli, Itvoral pi'rl'on* of tju.ility made !iim pri lent*.

Ho had his audience ol leave with the fame ccre-
m. mil's as at fiift, and was by this time lo well accul-
tonu'd to the French maniiiMs, that he ap|)earcd
iv.iih' r ccnfKaiiK'd in hisai'lions nor dillourfe, vvhiili
really plead .1 the king, t]ucen ami dauphin. He li't
'aris about the midill'; of January, ifjyi, to go to
Hivie-di-Gr.ice, where tw" fliips waited for him.
By the king's ouk-r*, his ch.ir^c* were defrayed, and
all honours imaginable paiil hiinon the ro.nl. Whin
the kin^ of Trance's prcl'ents for his mailer, and for
himfcif were brou;^lit him, lie bihild tlii'm with
amarcnient, fo much was he furprifeil at their number,
value and biauty, he faid, " There is but one
monarch in the world. All things mufl yield to the
king of France i my mailer will never believe what I

tell him, lit will even do^lu whit li.« 0)i\\ fee."

From this cnibjlPyof Matteo Lop»£, ih«cimii>jn»,
had it laded, might have gained gri»t advintagi «, but
it was fupprcU'ed in a few years .iftcr i and iIr- inaiult
and all jti conceflionii rr-united lu the crown. The
Senegn company, whicli fuccredi-d in the trade t«
(iiiinea, ncglei'tcd thi» fittlvmrnt, having it* p.uii-
cular rcafons for lixing at Whidah. Thiin tha
F'rrnch fulfilled the general irniark uf fettin^ nuc
well, hut li'ldom continniii|; in the fame courle.

It appears that ai to the prelents above menllnnc*),
tbiy were cominiti»d to the care of Cailof^ in<l
I, upiz arriving in llie road of A til rah on the iftof
Oclobcr, l()7l, pretemli J they i.ii^jit tu be put iii
his hands, that he might ilcliver ilieni. Thi*, Carlof
would not conlent to, fulpeiiting he would lonvcrt
(iomc part tohisownule, as it afterwards appeared Im
had intendcil. His tetufal lo iiiccnfcd the black am-
ball'ador, that he employed all his interell in the
country asiinlt the French, and much dilliaded their
artair*. This at length, oblipid Carlof to t.ike other
mcafiires, till he couu' ipeak with the king of Ardrali
who was then buly ap| cafin|; a civil war in his own
dominions, which llnjiped all the pallages for carry-
ing down llavcs to OftVa i fo that fcarccly JCO had
arrived there in fifteen months ; a thing fo lirejudicial
to the Dutch trade, that live of their ihips vrere
lent back empty lo Miiia. Carlof having before
driven fome trade nt Great Hopo, fettled there a
taillory <d' hisnition, by permilfion of the king, up-
on condition he would pay the value of tv/mtyeight
(laves for each /hip's i,ir[;oc the French afteiwards
took in there : whtrcns he had contradked lo pay too
at Uftra. Cioini; lioiu I'opo to Whidah, the king of
that country ^ave hiin a very favourable reception,
with .iliurancc iliat li.' vsoiild always protcitl th>
F'rencb nation .ind iiitcrcft. Un which, removing
the fa^ory fiom Ardrah, he fixed it at Whidah,
keeping the kin>; his mallei's prefcnts tu be (vat
back to FraiKe. And thus the RiaXtvr ended.

VOYAGE OF THE SIEUR BRUE, to BISSAO and BISSAGOS.

IT was in the yea', 1697, that the Sieur dc Brue,
a F.-ench adventurer, who failed from France on
., voyage of tr.ide and dilcovcry to the wtftcrn parts of
Africa. He touched at fcveral places, which as we
have already defcribcd, we fliall not here trouble the
reader with all the particular incidents attendant on
his voyage to thofe parts. I.ct it fuffice to fay, that
he faikd'lruir. Tort St. Louis up the River Senega,
,;iul cqming to the rcfidtncc of the prince of the
lounlrv, found that it ;iboundtd in gold, ivory, gum
.;iid other valuable commodities j the whole traffic
ti,r vshith, the Moors endeavoured to ingrofs. Here
U'-. loiiiid the people called Fulips, of v/hom he reports
many wonderful things, in wliich like many other
travellers he appears willing to magnil'y fails. He
alfoviiited the kingdom of Galam, which lies to the
call of i!...t of the Fulips, as alfo Bantam j and made
iii4iiiri<.s ton'.ctning the country of Tombuta, which
was I'uppoftd to abound in gold, but fecnis to have
met with little fuccefs in regard to this particular ;
and the French, aecovdlngto his .iccount, were quite
liicc fiful in liiC termination of their difputcs with
tlie tiighlh African company, which ended in favour
ofttii: Urmcr nation.

One of the mull remarkable occurrences in the
Sieur du Hrut's voyages, was an expedition to the
lilesof liilluo and tiillagos. The French had traded
10 lUe ruiiuct of tlieic jilacc* before the above fchcme

was projeflcd : neverthelcfs a flourifliing commcrcf,
which they bade fair to ellablifl) there, had fo far
decreafcd, that when our voyager arrived at Senega,
he could not find one fcrvant of the company that had
been at Biflao.

The firft defign that h.ad been formed, was that of
fettling at a place called the Ide of Bouiboni but,
found, on examination, that it was too fniall for their
purpofe. Therefore dropping their original defign,
they refolved to fettle a colony at Bulam. Soon after,
the Sieur Cartaing wasdifpatched to Biflao, where he
opened an advantageous trade with the native?, and.
w.as countenanced by the king himfelf. However,
the fickncfsof his people, and the cxaiflions of the
Portuguefc governor, forced this gentleman to
return in September, 1699. This iiiiladventuic oc-
cafioned the Sieur Bruc to refolve on going in pcrfon,
to a plac'j where he ini.agined much good might be doiii:
to the commerce of his nation.

Accordingly he let fail from Albrade, where he thea
was, on the 21ft ot February, 1701, in the compar.)'*
fliip the Princcfs attended by the F;icanor dc Rois,
as alfo the floops Mii;nion and Irondelle, the Syren
bomb kcttb,'the Si. George biigantinc, and the bark
Chriftina. About eleven o'clock, this fleet was near
the IfledcChicns (or Do^s) and in the morninjr of
the 22d, came near the I'oint Bayna. They failed in
the morning, vthh tlv tide ac ebb, and contimird

• , dleMT

1701.]

COASTS AND ISLANDS OF AFRICA.

447

their courfe till the aRth, when the Eleanor midi' «
flgnal at day-break that Ihc I'atv a U\\, The cum-
mander immediittely rhacrd the llrangc Oitp, which
bore away foiith-liiiith-wcll, in onliT to gain the
channel between the iflei ut' Cafeciic and Carachc,
In the mean time, thcSieur l)c la ftup, trulting to a
Dutch pilnt, hid hi (hi|i run a-ground upon the
fands, but To f^ently that the Ihock wa« fc^ircely to
be perceived, ilie chace being on ground likewile, the
boat* were immediately manned in order to hoard her,
but Ihe ftruck without relillance. She proved to be
a Dane, commanded by Louii Rateman, who wa< a
n.iKveoC Diepiir, but had fettled at one of thi. Vir-
(;inia illes. Having fccured the price, all nuans
were taken to get the I'rincefi a-float, w.. 'i H. x-
ablr rnd wai accon* liflicd on i 'hoi '., .md

t' tcrw "lU ci ic t". in anchor under I'oint Ber-

nniel, in th( Idc of Hillao, about fix leagues to the
weftward of the Hortnguel'c fort.

'I'lio fame niijht they difciivcrcd light* at fc«, from
whence thry concluded that they were ((range vclTels
ujjon the coaft. The next morning, they f»w two
fliips at anchor to windward of the fleet. The com-
mander hoifted fail, refulving to examine them, and
fnon after perceived that they were Dutch. Upon
this, the Hrincefi Ihswing her colours, bore up with
the largeft, and Hred a gun to bring her to, but as (he
was prepared to (ight, poured above eighty (hot into
her, which had great eft'ci^. At the (..uie time, the
Kleanor gave chace to the other vtfl'cl, the crew of
which, at firfi made a vigorous refil(ance, but, in
the end, were obliged to run their veflcl on (horc, and
betook themfelves to their boat for fafety. The
ncgros breaking loofe took the opportunity of plun
dcrmg, and the French bunts did not arrive time
enough to prevent the ronfufion.— — Nor wns this
all ; thofeon the ifland obferving that the vcflel was
left dry, mads an attack on the French with their
arrows, but were repulfed with lofs, and (he was got
oft' the next tide.

They anchored with their prizes, on the 5th of
March at the Portugucfe fort of Riflho, and though by
the difplay of their colours, the Portuc;uefc governor
could not miftake them, yet a gun loaded with ball,
was fired :t them. This fo much inccnfcd the Sieur
De la Rue, that he would certainly have battered the
fort, had not the commander interpofed.

He lent the llqop Mignon, commanded by Mr. Le
Cerf, to anchor ill a creek, and refolved, if(he(hould
be fired upon, to make a defcent and attack the place.
Accordingly the floop anchored fo clofe to the fort,
that the governor Don Rodrigo deOlirercz deAlfonfo
hailed her, to know whence (he came, and ordered
the captain to come on (hoie. He landed accordingly,
and was condu£ied to this commander, who under-
flanding they were French, a(Ved if the Sieur
Cartaing was on board. The other replied. That
he would be there foon, but did not mention that he
was on board, which w.ts really the cafe. The
governor then faid. That if he (hould appear there,
he mu(t icturn quicker than he cumc, as no French
fettlcment would be permitted on the ifle, nor (hould
any of the natives land there. And the conference
being ended, he ordered the captain to go on board, and
weigh anchor immediately.

M. Le Cerf returning, related all that had palTed to
the Sieur Brue, who the next morning. Cent Car-
taing on (hore in a boat well manned, with orders to
compliment the governor in his name, and alfo to
complain of the circumftance of firing a gun at them
loaded with ball. He went accordingly, and found
the governor in a calmer humour than before, and
willing to make excufes for the nccident which, he faid,
had happened) but he (till infi(ted, that permiflion
could not be granted for the French to (tittle at Biflao,
as it was within the limits of Ihe Portugtiefe African
company, and he had the king of Portugal's exprefs
orders to fulFer no foreigners to fettle here. He fent
hin alfere, or enfign, to the Sieur Brue that evening,
withamelTage to the fame efteit, and with great
uH'ers of his I'crvices.

. hr Sieur Hrue anfwcred, that he tvns rurptidd
the gnverniir, who had tefidrd fo lon(^ in this cuun-
iry, (liiiuld forget that the Frenih h.ul aiwavs tri-
il'^'l to HifTiii, even bi fore the I'lU'ii'.^uefc h.iu .( foit
'\ re ; thJt In ought to make a dildiKlion between
ihr French Senega-company and intcilnpfni i fin.o
this company claimid, by a cliirler, a tight to
irade along the co.ilt liiiiu C ipe HI.iikd to Slurr.t
Leona, exclufivc of other natiotn, i'.> lie ini^lit lie h/
the prizes the fleet h.id juK taken : ihit the go-
vernor's beft way, was tu live m gond iiitelligeiu';
with the company, and eairy on liis tiade, without
mok-ning thciis, i^liieli cuulu nu wuy prejudice Iiimi
or his madcr.

As the commander fiirefnw, that the Portiiuueli-
governor would iifc all his iiifluenie »iih th> king ol
Biflao, to obftrudt the fettlcment, lu fcnt De la Km-
and Cartaing, the f<tme day, to defirc iin immediate
audience of tliat prince. The kin^ received thifcgtr-
tlemeii civilly, and uroiiiifed in a day or two to cunie
to HiiUs town, an' deliberate with liis grandees uiid
chief men about the fettlcment the general propnfet!.
On Ihe ninth of March, the king coming early in the
morning to his palace, o' houfc near the Ihore, ga\i'
notice of it to the Sieur Hrue, who immediately,
went in proceflion to wait on him, the inareli began
with two trumpets, and two hautboys. The Suta
dc Seganzac, captain, followed with his halt pike hi
his hand, at the head of 2; fuldicrs well ainv. .1, wiiti
two ferjeants and two drums. Next came the faJfoit
of the company, two and two, before the .Sieur Urue,
who walked between two captains of his iquadion ;
the other officers followed with fome urvants in li-
very | and a body of failors, with their cutlall'e.s
clofed the march. The commander was filutcd hy
all the cannon of the fleet on his going into the boat,
and this ilifcharge was repeated on his landing. In
this order he advanced to a largn tree between the
Portuguefc fort, and the convent of bt, Francis,
where he found the king fcated on a neat chair, drefl'ed
in a green mohair douMet, trimmed with filver frogs,
at the breafi and flecvcs. A fine cotton cloth ferveil
him for breeches. He had en his head a red cloth cap,
like a fugar loaf, with a double row of hemp-cord
round the bottom. This laft is the mark of the ab'
folule power which he has of making flaves. Four of
his wives fat at his fert, and all his grandees flood
round, but at fome dillance. Behind thcfe were threo
tall ncgros, who played on an inflrument, refembling
the German Flute, There were fome elbow chairs
placed cppofite to the kine. The Sieur Brue being
come near hand, the king arofc, and they faluicd each
other by feveral times (haking hands : the king repeat-
ing each time, with a fmiling air, you are welcome.
The king and generjl being feated, the former made
a fign to the French officers to fit near him, and thu
Sieur Brue began his compliment, which was ex-
plained by the company's chief interpreter, who was
kneeling between the king and Sieur Brue. 'I'he fub-
ftance was. That the great reputation of his majedy'a
juflice and equity, together with the fame of his vic-
toricsobtained over his enemies, having fprcid through
Europe as well as Africa, the company who had been
likcwife informed of his kindnefs to Grangers, and
care to make his people rich and Aouriihing by encou-
raging trade, and had from time immemorial traded
to his dominions, were defirous of eftablilhing a fac-
tory, and building the necelTary ftore-houfes and maga-
zines for that end, in hopes tha^ his majefly would
give bis confent, and grant them his protedtion.

The king anfvvered civilly,That he thanked him for
thit vlfir, and wi'hed to maintain a good corrcfpon-
dence with the French ; but that wilti regard to tha
fettlcment, th« commander requcfted, he could deter-
mine nothing till he had firft confulted his gods, and
in prefcnc* of the Portunuefe governor, whom he im-
mediately fent for, aten^od by his alfere, or cnlign, .
with fix iiegros fufilecrs. He called at the Church
to pay his devotions, and foon aftei joined the com,
pany at the tree. Tlie Sieur Sruc took the op,}urtu-

nity

1 1

44»

VOYAGES TO THE

('70*

niiy nf this fliort interval, to (hew the king the great
xdvanrnges of opening a trade, and particularly with
thecompany. '1 he kin); ami his grandees lecmed to liftcn
to this difcourl'e with plcal'ure i and when th« gover-
nor arrived, he (alutcd the Sii'ur Brue complailnntly,
and paid his reverence to the king ; who received him
fiimiliarly without rifing, but bade htm fit down.
After a moment's lilence, he laid to the governor, with
a fcverc tone, " Yuu told nic the French were comchi-
ihcr to build a ftorehoufe and a fort. Is this true, or is
ityourovvn invention i" He made anfwcr, 'I'hatitwas
not likely the French would build a factory, without
fortifying it in fuch a manner as to fecurc their ef-
fcds : that the king of Portugal, his mailer, would
never fuifur this; and that it was contrary to the
treaties made with bis majefty and his predeceilbrs.
TheSieurBrue replied to this. That what he requefted
was no new favour, but only a renewal of the ancient
alliance between the two nations : that the unjuil
prctenfions of the Portuguefc, had forced the Sieur
Cartaing to retire the preceding year; that the rom-
pnny had no intention to build a fort, or warehoufe
of (tone, but were fatisfietl to truH their efFe^s to the
king's proteiSiou ; and that it was the king alone,
who was mailer of his own ifle, and had the power to
do what he pleafed, without confulting other people.
I'his anfwt . feemeo to pleafe that prince, who told
the Portugucfe governor, with a liern air, iie wondered
how he could pretend to prefcribe laws to him in his
own dominions ; that he hoped to (hew that he was
mafter, and would becontrouledby none; and that if
any pffumed to difpute his commands, he knew what
to do With thefe words he took the Sieur Brue by
the hand, bidding him follow him. He advanced at
the fame time with his wives and chief men, preceded
by three fli :es, to the fea-fide. There he Uopped be-
neath a great tree, which the natives regard as a
kind of deity, as it holds the images of their gods.
The court made a large circle round it, while the
king and his wives approached nearer to it. A prieft
of thefe idols, drefled in a parti-coloitred jacket, like a
harlequin, and hun^ with little bells, prefented the
king the half of a large calabafh full of palm-wine.
The king holding it up with the palm of his right-
hand, his wives joined theirs to fuprort it. All the
grandees, who had room to touch it, did the fame ;
and fuch as had not, fupported the elbows of thole
who did. When the king addrefling himfelf to the
divinities that were placed in the nitche.' of the tree,
repeated M. Brue's requeft, and alked their advice
what he fliould anfwer, M. Lrue was in no great
pain about the oracle. He had tal.cn care to fe-
cond a favourable anfwcr hy the prefcnts li»:retly
given to the prieft, the king's u ives, and the chief
grandees. The king having fprinkled the tree with
part of the wine, ami poured out the reft at the foot of
it, comm.inded an or to be brought, which the prielt
facrificed, by cutting his throat ; and receiving the
blood in the fame calabafh, he again prefented it to
the king, who fprinkled it on the tree with the fame
ceremonies ; then having dipped one of his fingers
in it, he came near M. Brue, and touched his hand,
which, with thefe peoplr, is an oath of perpetual
alliance.

This ceremony being o*cr, tne king took the
commander by the hand, and rccondudled him to the
former place of audience^ where, being all feared
again, and the mufic ceafed as 'jcfore, a profound
lilence enfued for fomc minutes : After which, the
king addicfled t^e Sieur Brue thus : " You are.wel-
come : ynj h«ve liberty to fettle a hAoty and ware-
houfes where you pleafe. I make a perpetual alli-
ance with you and your nation : I take you under
Biy caie and protection ; and till your houfes are
built, I will lenu you mine." When the king had
done fpeaking, his wives, his grandees, and all the
fpedtators gave a loud fhout, which was anfwered
by a falute of the commander's fmall arms, and the
fannon of the fquadron.

The 6ieK: Brue rofe, and Laving thanked the king

for bis goodncfs and favour, eaufed the prcfents to b«,
Vaid belore him fcnt by the company. Thefe con-*
lifted of fine calicoes, liquors, coral, burning-glnUbs,
1 elefeopcs, and cryttals, leveral fine p;iir of pil-
tols, with a filver-hilted fword, in an embroidered
belt, which the king immediately put on. The king's
wives had alfu their feparate pieliint*, confifting of
trinkets, and all the people were treated wiili brandy,
which occafioncd new acclamations of joy. The king,
at parting, gave bis hand feveral times to the com-
mander, and lent his flutes, with fcvcnl of his grandees
and guards, to condud him to his iioat. '1 he Por-
tugucfe governor, who had withdrawn on hearing the
oracle, waited for him by the way, and made him a
cold compliment on the advantage he had gained, with
many oft'ers of hit lervice. I'he iiieur Brue anfwered.
That the beft way was for the French and Portugucfe
to live amicably together, till. the difference Ihould be
decided by their fuperiort in Europe, which the other
prom i fed to do.

At the governor's earneft intreaty, Sieur Brue dined
with him at the fort, where he was faluted with 13
guns. One of thefe being loaded with ball, and le-
velled too low, broke oft' the ftonet in the port-hole,
which wounded the king's fon in the thigh, and a
nobleman in the arm. I'hough this misfortune was
quite accidental, the negros afcrilied it to defign, and
conceived that the Portuguefe had done it out of fpite
for what happened. They made great out-cries, ran
to arms, and began to aUemble Irom all parts. M.
Brue fcnt the Sieur Cartaing immediately to acquaint
the king of the truth, and to beg he would give or-
ders to ftop the tumult. I'he king heard reafon, and
by his authority flopped the diforder. After dinner,the
Sieur Brue accompanied the governor to the convent
of the Cordeliers, where they were handfomely en-
tertained, and from thence returned on board.

I'his fort was but inconfiderable, being only a
large fquare, vailed with three fmall baftions, the
fourth, having never been begun) butneitber ditches,
covered way, nor palifaJoet. The curtains were fa
low, and in fo bad a condition, that it was cafy to
walk over them. It had 20 guns, mounted like field-
pieces, and 20 fufils, befides thofe of the garrifon,
which was, or ought to have confifted of Afteen
or hjred bh-iclrs. Only the governor and his lieu-
tenant were whites; the ferjeanc being an old black
Crcoiiar. ui St. Jago.

The jieur Brue fet all his men to work tite next
morning, hiring negros to cut the wood he wanted j
and inftcad of ftraw, covered the roofs of the ware-
houfe, and thedire^or's lodge, with tiles he brought
as ballaft to his Ihip:. He built the walls of a large
clofet with bricks, wi'icbhe over laid with clay, and
white-waihed it, to prevent the negros fulpicion of
any delign. He infpc^led >he work io diligently, that
in a month's time, the f*£lory was in a condition not
only to receive goods and offii.'ers, but alfo to defend
itlcif if attacked ; for he eaufed loop-holes to be made
all round the houfes, placing them lb as to defend each
other ; and, under the idea of providing water for
the labourcis, and remedying any accident by hrt,
he formed a ditch round the hAoiy, fix feet broad and
as many.decp, with a double thorncd hedge on the
oulfide, which prevented ail accefs. HetMk care to
ply the negro workmen Well with liquor, that they
might make no difcovcries ; all the loop-holes wera
cloDcd on the outfide with day, and white-walhed
like the reft.

Afterwards the commander vifitcd the emperor of
BilTaos at hit country-hoMli;, about a quarter of s.
league from the Portuguefc fort. This place con-
fifted of a number of cottages, lile a little village, in-
clofed with a ftraw fence, lo well wrought, that at a
diftance it feemcd a wall. At the gate wero about aq
or 30 (hldien, armed with fabrcs, hows and trrows i
within was a labyrinth of banana-trees, v irh r>sat
cottages interfpcrted here and there for thr. kinj^'it
wives and childrrn, his domeftict and Oaves. In the
centre was a C9urt or area, with an orange<tree in ih«
6 middle.

t-oi.]

COASTS AND ISLANDS OF AFRICA,

44^

middle, Co high» that its branches covcrtii all the court.
'J'he king was fet under tliis treCj with about a dozen
of his wives and children. He was in dilhabillc, hav-
ing only a pagne round his waift, with his high-
crowned hat, and his diadem, or wreath of hemprn-
cord. The princcllcs his daughters h.id their hair
clipped pretty dole, and cut out in flowers of dii'-
ferciit ftiapes. The king, after orderinj; wooden
chairs,^ like that he fat on, for the commander and
his officers, fpokc in good Portugucfe, uhich the
Sieur Hrue unilcrftood. He prefcntcd tlic company
with palm-wine, in which he drank the commander's
health. After this, pipes were brought, and the
convcii'ation lulled three hours.

Theifland of Billao is between 35 and 40 leagues in
circumference. The profpeift of it is agreeable 1 the
land rifini; iiucnfibly, from the fea to the centre of
the ifle. This may be difcovered from the tops of
the mountains, or rather hills, between which lie val-
lies ; where tlic water colieding, form rivulets and
final 1 river'*, which difcharge themfelves into the fea,
after fertili/.injr the country. The whole idand is
cultivated, and interfperfed with groves of palm-
trees, which afford an agreeable ftiade from the heat.
Here arc alio very large orange trees, and near the
cualls (everal other forts, efpecially man-groves. 'I"he
inhabit.ints in general, plant near their cottages ba-
nanas, guavn?, citrons, and other trees. The foil is
deep anil rich, producing rice in abundance, and
itiaife of both kinds, which grows very large. They
have alfo plenty of a fmall grain refcmbling maife,
which is very white, and cafily reduced to flour : this
they eat with melted butter or grcafe, and call it Fondc.
They make neither bread nor . iflcus of their maife,
as they do at the Senega, but eat it roafted. Some of
them indeed, lefs indolent, make a fort of bread of
it called IJatango, which is aflat cake, a finger thick,
baked on an earthen griddle, as they do tlie Cafl'ava
bread in America. T'his bread creates an appetite,
efpecially when eaten frcfti with butter. Rice comes
here topcrfeflion, and they drcfs it well either with
fowls or butter. The commodore ate fome drefled by
the king's wives and daughters that was exceedingly
agreeable.

The oxen and cows here are very large and fat, and
bear a good price ; but milk and palm-wine are plen-
tiful and cheap, as well as bananas, guavas, and
other fruits. - Banana trees arc in fuch plenty, that

one part of the irtand takes its name from them.

The Vortuguefe, who have planted manioc here, make
good flour of it, as they do in Brafil. The negros
are not fond of it, perhaps on account of the trouble
in preparing it, fome of them notwithflanding cul-
tivate it.

Their cows fcrve them inflead of horlcs, travelling
well, as they have a natural pace ' a cord palled
through a hole made through their noftrils, fervcs for
a bridle, and guides them with a great deal of
eafe.

*Thc inhabitants live in cottages difperfed all over
the ifland ; for, excepting a fort of village that the
Portugucfe have round their parifh church and con-
vent, which were both fmall, there is nothing like a
town in the whole ifland. This latter and its chapel
difcoversa great deal of poverty, but arc neat enough.
The Parifh church which (lands between the fort and
convent, is buil' by the fea-fide, jufl like the Portu-
gucfe houfcs, that is, of earth, white-wafhcd, and
covered with ftraw. It has two or three little bells,
but the revenues are too fmali to fupport fecular
priefts. The parifhioncrs confilled of about one hun-
dred and fifty neg.o men and women, who call them-
felves Portugucfe, though they are quite of a black
complexion. The ifle of Bifi'ao is very populous,
and V'ouKI be much more fo, if it were not for the
frequent inrurfions made by the Biafaras, Balantes,
and Bifl'agots negros, who often infeft the soutt ; with
this dift'erence, that of the prifoners the Biafitras
take, they fell half to the whites, and facrifice the
remainder to f heir gOdChi..a, by wny of thaiiklgiving.
Vol. I. No. jy.

The ifle of BifTao, and part of the adjacent iflts
and coafts, arc inhabited hy ihc papjl negros, efpe-
cially to the fouthward of Cachoa. I'hcy are on ill
terms with the Portugucfe, from whom, hmvcver,
they have borrowed many cuftoms. Their womrii
have only a cotton pagne or wrapper about their mid-
dle, with bracelets of bc.ids or coral. The girl.4
go ftark naked. Thofe of quality have their bodic-*
marked with flowers and figures in an agiteal.Ic regu
lar manner, fo that their (kin appears like a piece ol
regular wrought fattin. The dauglitcrb of the em-
peror of Bifl'ao, were marked fo, without any other
drcfs, but (flings of cor.il, and a fnull cotton apron.
'I'hc drefs of their chief men ditt'urs little Irom that
of the common fort, being only a goat-lkin p^ilUd
between their legs, and tucked up behind. They
carry in their hands a naked fabre, and two large iron
rings J thcfc, inllcad of (fones, have a huge |>lite of
the fame metal, which fcrves inftead of c.illanets.
One of thefe they wear on the thumb, and the other
on the midille finger, and by ifriking ilicni together,
convcrfe without being underllood by thofc who h.ivo
not the method. Thefe negros are excellent boat-
men, and reckoned the bill rowers on the coaft.
They make ufe of pagales, 01 fmall wooden fliovels,
for oars, and in rowing, make a fort of inufic with a
chorus cr burthen to it, which is not unharmo-
nious.

The Papal negros who inhabit BifTao, have a lan-
guage peculiar to the people of that denomination, as
well as their particular cuftoms. Trade has contri-
buted to civilize them much. They are idolaters,
but their religion is confufed ; and not ealy to know
in what it confifts. Their principal idol is a fmall
figure they call China, of which they can give no ac-
count. It is not their ojily one, each faking fome
deity according to his fancy. Confucrated trees they
regard either as gods, or the abode of gods. To ilicfe
they facrifice dogs, cocks, and oxen, which they of-
fer them, after killing them, and I'prinkliiig the blood
partly at the foot or round the tree, anJ on the
branches. They cut the victims in i)icces, the king,
grandees, and people, each taking their part. The
deity has only the horns, which are faftcned to the
tree, till they rotor drop off.

It docs not appear that there ever hnve been any ci-
vil wars at Biffao, which is a mark of the people's
fubmiffion to the prince ; the people however are at
continual war with their neighbours, whom they in-
vade, as often as they think It for their advantage j
fuch as the Biafaras, Bifl'agots, Balantes, and Na-
lus, who furround them on all fides, cither on the
continent or adjacent ifles. All thefe people are bra\e
in their way, and fight dtfperately when pufhed.
They know not what it is to make a iettled peace, nor
have they any great correfpondcncc with each other.
The Europeans are far from defiring toad as peace-
makers amongft them, which would be contrary tr>
their intereft, fincethe greater the wars arc, the tnure
flaves i to the Ihame of human nature !

When the emperor of Bifl'ao judges proper to in-
vade his enemies, he founds his bonbalon, and im-
mediately the officers of his troops repair, with their
foldiers armed, to the place direded. There they find the
king's canoes of war, of which he has a fleet of about
30. They put 20 men in each canoe, the commander
of which is refponfible to the king for his charge;
and, if he ftiould lofc his canoe, runs the rifqiie of
his life. The king feldom ventures his perfun in thefe
expeditions, but he always confults his images before
he undertakes them, and makes a great facrifice, of
whole flcih none partake but himfcif, his ptieffs, and
his army.

As thefe wooden gods arc generally in the king's in-
tereft, the anfwcr is ufually favourable. They em-
bark then full of hope, and order matters fo as to reach
the enemies country by night. 'I'hey land without
n ifc, and if they find any lone cottages without de-
fence, they imnie<liaely let hem on fi^rc ; and carry
off all the inhabilants and ctFcifls to their boats, and
; '/, then

450

VOYAGES TO THE

[trot

then cm'mrV. If the villages prove ftrong, they
arc not Ibiul of attackiii!; them, but rather plant
themfelvcs in ambiifcade, on the ways to fome river
or fpring, and endeavour to furprife or carry off the
natives. On the leaft advantage of this kind gained,
they return in as great triumph, as if they had ob-
tained a complcat viiSoiy. 'I'he king has for his du-
ties, andtheufcof his fleet, the half of the booty;
the reft is divided among the captors. All the flaves
in general arc fold to the Europeans, unlefs they arc
pi-rlbns of feme rank, whofe friends can. redeem them,
|)aying twu (laves, or five or fix oxen. The adven-
turers ncvir fail to make a parade through the ifle,
Ihcwing their wounds, and carrying their prifoners
along with them. They do not ufc them ill like the
Iroquois, and other people of North-America, but
load thcni with reproaches, praifing the vigors to the
ikies, and prrfenting them with pagnes, and other
things, which they Icll for palm-wine to get drunk.
They call this ovation ; but if, on the contrary,
they have, on thefe expeditions, met any confidcrahle
lofs ormisfortune, the prifoners run a great rifquc of
being f'.crificcd, cfpecially if the relations of the pcr-
fons killed be of rank, or are rich. Thofcwhoare
killed on thife orcafions, arc honoured in their fune-
ral ohfequics bv fongs and dances to the found of their
drums, 'i'he vvunien, who are the chief aflreiTes on
thefe occaliiins, e.xprefs their defpair and grief in a
manner capable of infpiring thofe palUons in all who
behold them, ''-c-v tear their hair and flcfh, and fliriek
like furies. V. .; \ tht;y are tired of this, they give
them pr.lm-winc ..i plenty j this afi'ords them freih
fpirits to recommence the fcene, and fuppliesthem
with neiv tears, which continue flowing till the body
is interred.

The emperor of Jiiflaois ^ery defpotic. He has a
fingiibr intthi.J of makin.; himfelf rich at his fub-
jedts exprncc. I'his is to • ' upt the donation a negro
makes lii-'i of his neighbour's hoiife; of which the
kin:^ takes pofielli n with .ut farther ceremony, and
the proprietor muft either rnnfom it, or build a new
one. I- kcd he '. :s it in his power to revenge him-
felf hy It. .ing hi^ iieighbours in the fame manner,
but in this cali; the kmg lofcs nothing, having two
houfis in(lo\J of one.

" When the king of BilTandies, his favourite wives,
and a number of (laves arc killed, and buried near
the place of his interment, to fcrvc him in the
other world. After this, the body of the dcceafrd
king is put inU) a co(Hn made of reeds, carried by
four grr.ndees to the place of Ic-pnlture. When they
arrivj there, they throw up the coffin in the air, and let
it fall on the great men, who arc proftrated round it,
and h-' whom it falls upon, is acknowledged king :
they however confine thiir election to fome relation of
the royal f.imily. Formerly thev had acultom of fa-
crifif-iiig or burning (laves alive, to accompany their
chiefs uito the other world : but this cuftom fecms
to be almoft aboliihed j the laft king having only one
buried with hini, and the prefent emperor fecms very
inuch bent on intircly dcftioying it. Oncof his no-
bles being old and near his end, had chofen three young
girls to be buried with him ; but at his death, the
king fold them, and ga\ j the money they brought to
his heirs.

The emperor has an inftrumcnt of light wood, be-
fore-mentioned, called a Boiihalon, made like a fea-
trumpct, but larger, and twice as long. It has no
cord ; they ftrike on it with a hammer of hard wood,
and fav the found will reach four leagues. The king
has fevcral of thel'e along the fca-coails, and up the
country, with a guard to each; and when the king's
bonbalon ftrikes, th<y rcprcfcnt the fame number of
ftrokes in the fame tone, and fo tranlmit his orders
through the ill.-, which are known by the manner of
conveying them. All whodil'obey are fold for (laves,
which fevere punifliment keeps them in awe j and
the king turns their difobediencc to his own emolu-
ment.
While the fadlory was building at BiiTao, the Sieur

Bruc refu'.vcil to vifit the idc of Rulam, where he hail
once an intention of fettling a colony, vihich was
found imprartiiable, on account of the bigncfs of
the iflc. For this end he fet out with two boats,
manned with (ioree Lapots, and fome Pa]>el negriis,
who had been through theie channels in theircxpcdi-
tions. He took alfo fome pilots, whom he intended
to leave behind him to examine the toafts, in oiiUr
to extend the company's trade. 'I'hcy failed out be-
tween the ide des Sorcieics, or of Witcljes, and Kour-
bon Ifle J (leering fouth, in order to make th^- ealt
point of the ifle, called by the I'ortuguele Fi'iniola,
or the Ueautiful. Its .appearance is anlvveralOe lo ilu:
name, being covered with large trees, except the
Ihore.s, which arc low and full of mangroves. 'I'he
foil appears level and rich, but the country is not in-
habited, having no freih water.

The commander had a great inclination to land and
examine it, but was obliged to defer it. It is about
two leagues long and one broad. They compute tlie
diftance from the fouth-call point of i'ornu. la, live
leagues.

in iloubling the point of Formofa, one enters the
arm of the great rivar which feparates the penMilula
of the Uiafaras from the iflc of Hulani. The entry
of this channel is a league broad ; the ihorcs are ahouc
on which the fea breaks with more or Id's violence in
proportion to the tides. As the Sieur Brue's defign
was to examine thofe pafl'ages, he founded as he went
on, and found, that between the weft point of the
peninfula of Biafara, and the eaft point of Formofa,
there was from two and three, to ftven fathoms wa-
ter, and it was nectiTary to k' cp the mid channel, in
order to avoid the banks, which contract it confider-
ably, till one reaches the north-caft point of the iflc of
Buiam. In founding here, his two boats ran aground
oppofite to each other : the channel between, and the
ebb being fo quick, that they were left dry, and
obliged to keep a good guard, and wait the return of
the flood to carry them oil".

The Biafara negros are vcrv alert at prey; and
when they fee any vcfl'els or boats on Ihore, Icldom
fail to attack them. On thefe cccafions, they fallen
to thf'.r fiet barks of trees two feet long, and feven or
eight inches broad, which hinder their finking in the
ooze, as the Canada favages do, to prevent theii fink-
ing in the fnow. 'I'hough the boats were too well
manned to fear fucli enemies, the crew continued un-
der arms, till tbc .'ciurn of the tide enabled them to
purfue their voyage.

In doubling the lorth-caft point of Bulam, there
is a creek or bay aliout three leagues broad and ths
fame drpth, in the rnidft of which is three or tour fa-
thoms water. 'i'h? banks arc covered with man-
groves. It is a good retteat for fmall vcft'els in b.ad
weather. From hence to the fouth-eaft point, the
coaft ii f.ilV, and the anchorage good all along, for
argcvcirds : but it is necenary to be well acquainted
with the tides, and the convopicnces and inconve-
niences they bring. This the Sieur Hnic experienced,
foi he had l^arcely weathered the call point, when the
tide, whiih Carried him there, tumid a ;ainft him,
and fecmeil a tide of ebb. He immediatelv put in for
ihorc ; and following the example of a Bifl'agots c.i»
noc, which had moored to the trees, he fatlened his
boat in the like manner. In this place they pafTed
the night, nofwithftanding their tents were nuirh
wetted ; and (ulFered rreatly by a violent ftorm which
followed, attended with rain, ihundrr and lijditning ;
befides irregular currents, which were fo rapid, th»t
they dreaded being driven from their anchors, and
left on the coaft, for there was no venturing to lia,
benight being i'o dark, nor could they dil>iiii;iiifh
•.he ncareft objeifl, but by the lightning. At day hrealc
the ftorm ceafed. The Bift'agots, who had (pent the
night on Ihore, in great pain for their canoe, having
obiervcd the boats, approached them. 'I'he com-
mander made figns of tiiendlhip, and fpoke to ihcm by
his interpreters. On this, three came on board, whom
he treated kindly, maHng them drink, and giving

them

lyoi.]

COASTS AND ISLANDS OF AFRICA.

them fmall prcfcius,

the number o(' 15.

thtni ot liis dclign

uliich foon brought the reft, to
'I'he Sicur Hiuc having inl'ornieJ
of goint; through the illc, and
liuntiiig by the way» they readily ottered themfelvcs
as guides. He toolc li\ or Itven ol' ihcni, leaving the
reft with his bo,it, uinlcr pretence of afliOing his
men, but in reality as holtages tur their countrymen's
behaviour. They left the |)late where tiny had pallt;d
the night, and doubling the caftern |ioint of Hulani,
found a grt.it river about a league broad, and of a
fufHeient depth for the large It vellels. Here they faw
pl.iinly the caufc of the contrary tides and currents
they had met with.

I'he ch innel or river between the Ifland of Bulam,
and ihe pcninfula of the Uiafaras, make a part of Rio
(.irande, which frparates into two brai;clies at the
fouth-ealt point of liulam. H^nec it is, that the tide
entering by two openings, the flood in the I'outli chan-
nel runs llrongly to ijie cart, forcing that flowing in
by the norili channel (which is narrower and Ihal-
lowcr than :lic oti^r) to turn back on itfelf, and
caules thefc rapid, uncertain currents which obliges
vellels to cart anclioi, that thi-y may lolb by the reflux,
what they have gain.'d by the flood.

The boats being moored along with tlic ISilTagots
canoe, the Sieur Hrue landed with 18 whiles, 12
armed Laptot«, together with (even of the Bifl'agots ;
leaving an oflicer, with the rcit of his men, to guard
Ihe boats, .'ud havc.an eve on the Billagois canoe, and
llie I ight men left ,n it. When they had marched an
huiidied yards, and had gotten clear of the woods,
wh'ch furrounded the coaltf, they found a pleafant
country, that fecmed to have been inhabited, and is
{till yearly cultivated by three or four hundred Bifla-
gots, who came here to make their plantations of
ni.iilc, rice, au.i other pulfe, and return home when
their harvelt is finilhcd. The land is pleafant, riling
infcniibly for tuo leagues from the (hore to the foot
of fomchilN, which lecm as the hafis of fome larger
mountains in the centre of the illes.

Thefc mountains arc neither Itccp nor bare, but
arc all covered with large trees. Their fides are very
iniprovcable, and the Irequcnt valleys between them
are watered by rivulets of good water, which the
Biflagots artured the commander, were never dry,
even in ihc hot !• afon.

The toil is fat, deep, and rich, a' "jipenrs by the
large trees It produces. It aboumls with palm-trees
of all forts. There are alio green oaks, both ftrait
and crooked, very fit for building ftiips or houfes ; as
alio pear-trees of the fame kind with thole in theifles
of America. Thio iflc of Bulam formerly belonged
to the liiaf.iras, but the Billiigots their enemies, lik-
ing the lituation, had made I'o cruel a war upon them,
that, r.l'icr cariymg oft' numbers of thcin into flavcry,
the rcit thougiit lit to retire to the continent. The
conijueiois however, have not thought fit to take pof-
feirrin of their acquilition, but reloit liither yearly,
to the number of three or four hundred, during the
nioiuiw of February, Maic'n, April and May, to
m:ik>' their plantations, and after haiveil return home.
If any are found here at other times, as happened
now, they are only adviniurers, who are come to in-
fcll the Diafara coall, or hunters who come here to
kill elephant') ; one of thele animals being a good
prize to the ncgros, who, befulcs the profit of his
teeth, feai> heartily on th.-carcale. It is this dJtruc
tinn pn.'veius the fe creatures from multiplying heie as
fitherwifc they would do, there being no lions or bcails
of prev tomolell them.

'* licre .iie aUo on this iflc, birds of all kinds, botl
Inch as breed i.^ro, and birds of pali'jge. The adjacent
feas are full of tilh. I'l^toifts and fhell-tilh of va-
rious luitsare plenty ; (o that a man mull be lazy if
he cannot live well here.

Ti.L Sieur Hrue fpeiit tour d lys in making the cir-
cuit of the irte, anil c.\aiiiiiiing it. He returned weary
to his boat, but very well faiijfled with his journey,
and oinlirmed in his opinion of the projeifl he had
propofed to the company of crtablilliiiiij a colony here

like that of the Irte das Vacea-:, or of Co.vs, on the
coaft of Hifpaniola. By his belt computation this
ifle of Bulam is eight or ten leagues long from eaft to
welt J five broad from north to fouth, an ' 25 or 30
leagues in circumfetencc. Having lurveyed it by land,
he thought proper to fail round it, in order thoroughly
to know the bays, rocks, ports, and ioundings of the
coaft. He fet out with his two boats, well provided
with frelh victuals, boiled or dried, taking the fame
courfe he did incoming. He tried the foundings, and
could find no paflagc between Bulam and Formofa.
It is one continued bank on which the fca beats vio-
lently, if there i^ the leaft wind. The SIcur Brue
fent through it the Biflagots canoe with two pilots,
and kept m their place four Biflagots. Though it
was high watir, the canoe ftuck in leveral places, and
the ncgros were forced to get into the water, to draw
it through the rocks, or a hard kind of ftioal. The
canoe rejoined the commander's boats at the weft point
of Formofa, whcic they waited for it, having had a
quicker paflagc,

Thefe rocks continue to run from point to point,
forming a fcmi-circle to the north-weft point of Bu-
lam. They found, within two cables length of thefe
(hoals, from eight to ten fathoms water. Purfuing;
their courfe between the iflc of Bulam, and that of the
Biflagots, which the Portuguefe call the Ifle das Gal-
linas, or of Hens, from the plenty of poultry there.
Here is a channel a league broad, which looks like a
ftrcight ftreet of five leagues long, lying fouth-eatt and
north-wcrt, and has all through it from 12 to 2b fa-
thoms water. Between the banks and fhoals, which
begin at the Ifle of Hens, and continue to a defart
ifle, lying to thecaft fouth-eaft, of Cafnabac (another
of the Bifl'agots ifles) there is at : >o cables diftancc,
four or five fathoms water.

The flioals on the ifle of Bulam, begin two leagues
from the north-weft point. This fp.ice forms the
weft road, as commodious and fate fur anchorage, as
that to the eaft. The banks or ihoals i.j.pear again,
and form a right angle, two leagues diftant from the
point of the ifle, with a line winding back, which
terminates at the fouth fouth-caft point. Between this
point and the rocks, and that of Tombali on the
main, inhabited by the Nalus negros, lies the largeft
branch of Rio Grande, which was everywhere from
20 to 30 fathoms water. The Sieur Brue entered
this branch between the point of Nalus and that of
the three fountains. In this place it is two leagues
broad ; and after running a large fwcep to the fouth,
it takes a turn, and runs north-esft, till it is dividetl
in two branches by the iflc of Bil'aghe.

All this country, on both fides of Rio Grande, is
well peopled. In the night the French commander
heard their drums beating on each quarter, whether
out of diverfion, as is ufual, or that they fulpcflcd
his boats, and did it to (hew they were on their guard.
The banks of Rio Grande arc covered with large
trees., which indued the Portuguefe to come liither and
build their vcrt'els. Amongft thefe there is a tree called
Mifheri, of which they make planks, which, bcfidcs
their being ealy to work, are free from the worms, not
only on this coaft, where they are fo pernicious to
(hips, but in difTcrcni parts of Europe, Africa and
America, whither they liave been carried. The unc-
tuous fap, which this wood abounds with, and is cx-
tremelv bitter, is what, in all appearance, terurcs ic
frn.n thefe worms. The trees do not grow very tall,
llldon. above 2C or 22 feet high ; but they are very
large in the trunk.

'Fhe banks of the .ivulets here, and the marfliy
grounds, produce certain trees of a middle ilze, re-
fcmbling in wood and leaves the American mahot,
the bark of which lervcs for hemp to caulk the fliips.
Inrtcad of pitch, wliich they often want, they ule
palm Oil, mi.xed with quick lime, and boiled to fuch
a confiftence as neceflary. W^ith relpeft to cables,
liic country furnifhcs certain reeds or bamboos, which
grow in the mar(hy grounds j thefe they cut, and leave
to ftccp in water, after which, beating them, to fepa-

rate

4S»

VOYAGES TO THE

[»7ft.

: I

the gioflir part, they weave them into good ropes.
All they want h'.'re is proper wood and maftingi the
miAlcri being too ftiort, ami the mangrove and palm
too heavy. All the other trees are too brittle, (o that
they are forced to ufe the palm, and to prevent the
ill efFedts ot it» licavincfs, they arc obliged to have no
top-malh.

[It is Itrangc, as the country fo eafily produces co-
coa-trees, that they make no ufe of thchuflis to make
rojics and tow, as they do in the Ead Indies.]

Having paflld the ido of Bifaghe, which is per-
haps the country whcjice the Biir.igots take their name,
w lien they had procecJed about a league, he found a
fninll river on the left, in which entering:, after a
league's failing, he reached Ghinhala, inlTabited by
Portu;iui.ic, Willi have been fettled here, from father to
foM, lor a long time. Here he found a liiiall Eng-
lifli \iirj|, belonging to Sierra I/eona, commanded
hy one (iliek, who was owner anu c.iptaiji, ilc was
of the Rumiih perfuafion, and had married a rich
negro woman there, with whom he got, hcfides mo-
ney, a large ifle in the r\\cr of Sierra Leona.

The village is lituated on the right fide of the river
of the lame name; which alio gives its name to the
kingdom, fometinus called thj kingdom of the Bia-
taras. This kingdom is confidcrable by the ninnbtr
of its Portuguefe iiiliabitanis, white, black, tawny,
anil liuilatiiis, ulio all feem to live at their cafe, and
ha\ .' tolerable houfes : their antlchambcr, where they
re.eive their vilits, luing pretty well furniflicd. No
lliangcrs fee beyond this, in a coiintiy where the men
are as jealous of their niilh. lies as their wives, ,Tiid
generally keep both ii.ider the fame roof; except in

Tins article, they are very civil ami complaifaiit.

The Sieiir Briie cmpluycd two days in returning
t'lefe \ii;i>, and iiii|uiiiiig into the (tale of trade here.
The third day early, he lU out, attended by twenty
of his men, well armed, and leveral Portuguefe, who
waited on him out of refpec^, and went a league to
(ec the king of Ghinhala, or Biafaras. This prince
being known by both titles.

The king, informed of his approach, waiteil his
coming, beneath a tree before his tapada, or inclo-
fure. He had round 'lis waift .1 black pagne, with
a black under coat, in the Portuguefe fafhion, a
cloak of the fame colour, black pumps, without
flockings, and a great black hat on his head, fo that
he was all o;"cr black, except his teeth, and the whites
of his eyes.

He received the Sicur Bruc's compliments civilly,
as w»ll as his prefents, and touching his han<l fcvc-
ral times, afflired him, the French fliould be wel-
rome to his dominions ; that he would protect them,
and trade with them preferably to the other nations ;
that he gave them liberty to (cttle where they would,
and crc<£t warchoufes and inclofures as they plcafed.
And the Sieur Brue mentioning his dcfirc to maice n
iittlement at Bulam, which he knew belonged to the
king, his majcfty laid nothing could be more agree-
able to him than to fee the Bifl.igots, hiseniniic,
driven from that ifland ; that he would make the
French a prefcnt of it with al! his heart, and if it
WRS too little, he would give them lands near the
Three Fountains, fufficient for their fctrlcments.
After feting the Sicur Bruc's prefent-, he exprclTed his
({raiitude, lent for palm-wine, drank to the com-
iiianilcr, at)d obliged him to pledge him. The king
to»jk luch pleaforc in the Sieur Bruc's converfation,
that he leemed umafy he would not ftay a few days
with him at his court, where he regaled him after the
country way.

After the rcpaft, the Sieur Bruevifited the villages,
which IS large, and the country round is delightful,
qn .ircouiU of the banana, and other trees, which fur-
round the houles, with inclofures of thorn and green
reeds. The village is fituated on the bank of a mid-
dling river, which comes from the caft, and falls Into
that of Curbali. The foil here is rich, and well cul-
tivated, and in other hands, might he greatly im-
Ijrovcd, There U a good trade for v/»x, filvci, and

ivory, and a great number of elephants, which, nr«-
withlianding, the continual pcrfecution of the negros,
multiply exceedingly.

In the evening, the Sieur Broc returned toGhin-
hala, and rcfted there the next day ) the day after In;
went fix leagues up the place, where the conveniency
of wood has induced leveral Furopcan traders to
build vciVcls. There was then on the Hocks a fiiiiaie-
fterncd veflcl, of about joo tons, .is there in nothing
■ ■ -'ting here hut malting. Moll ot the villages along
' i. liver are inhabited by Portuguele, fomeilmes in-
I ' rmixed with negros, from whole huts their houfes
are eafdy dillinguilhed 'ly their lha])e and bii'iicls.
The trade here, btfidcs wax, llavis and ivory, pro-
duces large dried hides, cotton, feme oftrich feallirrp,
gum of diU'erent kinds, and gftld, which comes Ironi
the inland to the fouth and call, but from whence is
not yet known.

The F'rench commander returned to BilTao, after
making the ncccfi'ary obli:rvations for a I'ttlhment ad-
vantageous to the company. Her- lie found his build-
ings in good forwardiRls, and while they were finilh-
ing, failed in the Corvettes, to vilit the illc of Bif-
fagots.

" The illcs of BifTagots (fays the author) arei;{
or 14. in number, the molt conhderahle and frequeiiteil
of which are Cafiiabac, Uhas ilas (Jallinas, Cafcgut,
Carachc, Aranghena, Fafagaya, nr Uie IflamI of Pa-
rots, Formofa, Babachnca, BalagI.e, Waranglie, and
fonie others Ids known, bccaufe not lieiiueiited.-—
Kach of thcle illei is ^^overncd hy a chief called a
King, or who has ;it lealt the authority belonging to
that title. 'Fhel'e cliitis aie iiidepenclant uf each other,
and fiequently at w.ii, but they unite in making
war on tljeBLnfaras on the contineiir, whom they have
driven from the illc of Bulam, as lias been ol lirrved.
They have canoes large enough to carry 25 or 30
men, with piovihons ami their ;.rir.s, which art fabies
and arrows.

" I'he negrcsof thefe ides are large, (Irongand ro-
huft, though their ordinary food is but inell-lifli,
palm-oil, and palm-nuts, called Chcvaux, chuhng
rather to fell to the Europeans their mail'e, rice, and
other pulfe. 'Fhcy are pagans, and very cruel to their
enemies. They cut ctl" the heads of ihofe they kill in
war, and after cariyiug them up and down in triumph,
thev fkin them, drying the fcalps and hair, with which
they adorn their houles, as a mark of their victo-
ries.

" They arc paflionate lovers of brandy j whenever
a fliip brings any, they Ifrive who ftiall be ihc (irft,
and (tick at nothing to get it. The weaker becomes
a prey to the ftronger. They forget the law'5 of na-
ture ; the father fells his children, and if they can
fcize their parents, they ferve them in the fame man-
ner. Every thing goes for brandy.

" Formofa is the caftcrnmoll of thefe ides, but defert
and uninhabited. The illcs dasGallinas and Cafiia-
bac, lying at the head of the banks and Ihoals, which
furrounds this duller of ifles, are fertile, well pcople<l,
and have plenty of water. The Ihores abound with
forts )f hfti, and if the n '.tives were a little more
iiiduftrious in cultivating their lands, they might bo
great gainers 1 for all thcle illcs in general are good
foil, and capable of maintaining large colonics.

'Flic ide of Cal'egut is one of the molt conl. 'crable.
It is furroundcd with hanks ;'iid Ihoals, except at tiic
two points, lying north ealt, and fouth welt, wheic
ftlips may ride in lafety. It is reckoned ten or twelve
leagues from the point of Bernafal, in the ifle of Bil-
fao, to the north-call point of Caiegut, aiul bill live
to St. Martin. 'I'lic patives of Caiegut are, vMlli-
out difpute, the nioH ciWIifed of all thele illandcrs,
which is owing to fade. —

When the fiy-hnat was nioorid, the Sieur Brue
hoilled his flag, and fired a gun ; lo"n alter, three
men appeared on the ll;orc, ar.d made a liuiial to come
onboard. .The boat went and bn ipht them otl'.
One (if thefe was a chiif of ihi i(le, and a near
relation of the king, accoinpm td with two of Ins
-; kiuf-

1701.]
kiiifmcn.

COASTS AND ISLANDS OF AFRICA.

4J3

Ik li.id only a pagnc round his walft, and
a h.it. His hair was Lircalctl with palm-oil, which
made it quite red. He C.ilutcd the French com-
mander civilly, pulling oft" his iiit, anil taking him
by the hand, hy the intcrprtttr, •welcomed hmi to
the ifland, and inquired after the Sieur de la Fonde,
who had Uecn his p..rticular friend.

While the connnander was treating his friend with
brandy, a ranoe approached wjih five ncgros, one
«)f vliom came on deck, holding a cock ui his left
hand, and a knife in liis right ; after kneeling a mi-
iinie before the Sieur Bruc, without fpeakiiur, he rofc,
and turning to the eafl, cut the cock's throat, and
pi iting himfelf on liis knees, let lonie drops of blood
fail on the Sieur liiue's feet ; he did the lame to the
mall and pump of tlie ihip, and returning to the com-
mander, prefentci! him with the cock. That gen-
tleman ordering him a bumper of brandy, afkcd him
the realbn of this ceremony. He replied, That the
people of his country looked on the whites as the
gods of the fea ; that the malt w .s a divinity, that
made the (hip walk, and the pump was a miracle,
fince it could make water rife up, whole natural pro-
perty was to dclccnd.

'I heSitur Bruc, after regaling the negro grandee,
and making him a prefent, fent him on ihore. Next
d.iy he returned his vilit, and was met on his landing
by this lord, wiio conduiiU'd him to his habitation,
about 300 pace, from the ftiore, built in the Portu-
gucfe way, well whilc-waftied, with an open portico
before it, furrounded with lofty palm-trees, and fur-
iiirtv-"d with neat wooden chairs and llools. After
fome convcifation, and a regale of palm-wine, he
walked to u buildijig about 50 paces from his houfe,
which the commander, to his great furprife, found
to be a chapel, with an altar, benches, and a bell of
about thirty pounds weight, faftened to a tree near
the door. He caufed it to be rung, and told the Sieur
Brue, he built that chapel for the ufe of fi'ch Chrif-
tians as fhould come thither; adding, that though
he was no Clirillian, he loved them, and that if any
pried would come and live with him, he fliouid wan:
for nothing. Alter this, they went together to the
king, wlio rcfided about a mile from thence, and re-
ceived the commander gracioufly. He was a venera-
ble oUI man of about feventv, his beard curled, and
almoll wliitc, his eves and mouth handlome, and his
air majellic. He had only a pagnc about his waift,
and aliaton his head, v\ith which he faluted the com-
mander, taking him by tlie hand, and repeating (c-
veral tinie^. You are welcome and otl'ereil him free
liberty to iL-ttle on his ifland. The Sieui Drue made
him a preltnt of fome curiofities, and two ankers of
brandv. The king tailed it, and found it much be-
yond tlie Portugucle rum, which is often adultera-
ted witli water. The king's houfe was not fo com-
moilious as that of his kinlman, but it had chairs and
tables. He kept, however, the company to dinner,
and treated them witli fowls boiled in rice, venifon,
beef, and mutton, tolerably well dreli-.d. His palm-
wine was excellent ; and the commander's biandy was
not fpared ; alter which the king fell to fmoking, and
made the Sieur Brue Imokc in the fame pipe, the tube
of which was near five feet long, and the bowl big
enough to hold a quarter of a pound of tobacco. It
was adorned with ' ral rings and ornaments of pew-
ter. The king prefcnted the Sieur Brue with two
cocks, which, amongft tlie negros, is the higlied
mark of dilUnction and rcfpeil, the cock being a bird
c ilicrated to their deities.

'I'hc ille of Cafrgut is near three times as long as
it 's broad. The land is rich and good, and, is far
as the .Si( iir Brue law, well cultivated. It abounds
with polon-trecs, lataniers, palm and orange trees,
as well as maifc, rice, pompions, peafe, and other
kinils of pulfe. There wi-re near the king's houfes
forty ■ r fifty negros armed with fabres and arrows,
whom 'he Sieur Bruc judged to be his guard. Cafe-
gut, Carache, Cal'iiab.ic, and las Ciallinas, are the
only Hillagot illands, whcie loieiijiiei' may trade fe-

Vcj.. 1. No. 39.

curely. At the others, it is ncccffary to be on the
guard, and not venture on ftiorc, and the Portugucfc
have experienced this, even in traHicking with them on
board. Strangers cannot be too cautious, efpecially
in the night, .'\bove all it is requifitc to keep a
(Iriiaguaid, and anchor fo, that the veflels are not
left dry at the tide of ebb,

" If the natives of thcfe illcs have (laves to fell, or
other goods, they bring them in canors ; and it is then
proper to have the crew under arms on deck, and the
guns pointed, and to fufl'er them to enter only one at
a lime. Notwillidanding thefe hazards, there are
ufually three or four hundred flavcs bought here every
year, from fifteen to twenty bars a head, and the trade,
if riglitly managed, is very improveable. Thcgoods
proper tor the illes arc, ycllov/ amber, baife, cloth,
Icrges, red and yellow ; brandy in large quantities,
brafs and copper b-.lls, and fowling-pieces, and yellow
worfted, cotton cloths or pagnes j pewter plates,
brafs balbns, linen of different forts, with fome few
,;lHrs beads, red and black.

" In 1687, the Sieur dc la Fonde, who traded herP,
was plundered of fome goods by the natives. While
lie meditated revenge, there put in here a French man
of war, called the Lion, commanded by the Sieur
dcMontifierj he propofed to this captain to pillage
the ifle, for which end they landed 200 men, without
refinance. The king, called Dukcrmenay, who
found himfelf furrounded in his houfes, chofe to burn
himfelf rather than furrender. The inhabitants fled
to the woods and mountains j fo that of two or three
thoufand natives, the French could take but ten or
twelve. This unlucky cnterprife made the Sieur dc
la Fonde afraid of lofing all trade with thcfe people;
but he found means to manage matters, fo as to per-
fuade them he had no hand it, but ,'a 'twas done
by pirates.

" The natives, efpecially thofe of fafhion, rub their
flcin witli palm-oil, which makes them quite red.
The women and girls have nothing about their waifts
but a thick kind of fringe nuide of iceds, which drops
to their knees. In cold weather they put another of
the fame kind round their fhoulders. They have, bc-
fides, copper and pewter bracelets on their arms and
legs.

" In general, the natives ofCafegut arc well fhaped,
have good features, of fhining jet black colour, and
have neither flat nofes, nor bro d lips. They arc in-
genious and lively, and were i^ not for their indolence
might be cafil y taught arts ; but the- arc fo impatient
of flavcry, cipeciaTly out of their -n country, that
it is very dangerous to have them 01 ooard."

At his return from Cafegut, the Sieur Brue found
his biiildiii ' almoft finifhed. The ditch was not
quite made, but tlic hedge was planted round it, and
he judged a night or two would bring it to perfec-
tion.

His firfl vifit was to the king or emperor, who re-
ceived him with great marks of fricndlhip and afl'u-
ranee of his protection to the company. His ni.ijef- ,
ty's wives and grandees made him manyofl^ers of their
lervice. He had reafon, both now, and at his return
to Africa in quality of direiSlor in 1723, to believe
them fincerely in his intereft. He went next to vifit
the Portugucli; governor, with whom he lived in as
good undcrllanding, as could be fuppofcd between
two commanders of oppofite interefts. Finding the
Sieur Brue intended to lodge in his new fattory, he
carnLllly prcHed him to take an apartment in the fort.
The commander excufing himfflf on the dillancc be-
tween the fort and his building, the governor of-
tered him the Francilcan convent, which he declining
on the fame account, Don Rodrigo prclFed him to
accept awarehoufe belonging to tht Portuguefe com-
pany, which lav convenient ; this he accepted of, and
the governor h.id it immediately fitted up for his re-
ception. The Sunday after, while the Sieur Brue
was at mafs with the governor, who had invited him,
he obferved, that a piiilure over the altar bore the
arms ot' the Ficiich company ; he took notice of it
6 A to

VOYAGES TO THE

[170/.

li ,1^

ti) the Poidipiicrc governor, ns a proof, lliat his na-
tion lull a iculiincnt litic, either before, or at Icaft
ait larlv ns the I'ortugucle, liiiee the piiilure fccnied as
oli: iis' the aluir, or ehureh. The gi'vcrnor replieil
hetoulil not pietenil to .JLi iije th It ni.ilter, hut lie iif-
lureil him that a king of iiillao h.iil fent his Ion (o the
kin^; ot Portiijial tu acknowKii^'e him for his fove-
reit^n ; ami (i.at ihis prints, inaik a tieaty, whereby iie
!;ave the l'ortii;;iiele til.; privilege cl trading here, cx-
clulivc of (>tha nation-i, aiul allowed iheni to build a
fort. Hut Ir.i^ aeeouiit appeared a fable to the Sieur
Brue, bee.iUle the governor lould neither tell the time
when this happened, nor the names of the kings of
Portugal or ISillao, coneeiiied in this tranlae^tion,
nor e\en the date of the ertition of the fort. All
thefe rendered the [governor's account very doubtful,
.-.nd no way iiin.lered the Fieiuh commander from pur-
fuing his fehcine of fettling a trade here, fo as to ruin
that of the I'ortuguel'c ; as it happened foon after.
Thefe two geniltinen, however, Icejit a fair outward
correfoondencc, vifitini^each other, dining often to-
reih I, and making prefents. But notwithftanding
thefc civilities, the Portuguefe underftanding that the
Siei'r Brue was about to depart, fent him his fecretaiy
with a formal piotefl againli the French fettlcmcnt, in
the king of Portugal's name. The Sieur Brue re-
turned tills coni))liment by a counter-protelV, dated on
board the Ann in Bidiio road, April the i6th, 1700.
This paper war, however, no way hindered the two
chiefs from kccpin:» up a gond intelligence together,
and to agree to refer their dift'i.reiices to their fupe-
riors in Europe.

'I'he king of liillao being informed, that the Sieur
Brue was preparing to depart, and intended to de-
mand an audience of leave, came, April the 2Cti!,
with all his court, to vifit him in his new f.nftory.
The coinm.'.nder mit him at fmv.edifl:incc, and faluted
him with all the guns of his fleet, whicli was ordered as
clofe in ihorc as pollible, fhewing him all honours,
except fuch as might be made precedents of. The
king allied him, it he was fati^hcd with his fettle-
nieiit, otf'ering to change it, or augment it as he
pleafed. The commander exprefl'ed his thanks for the
kin^s favour, afluriiig him, that buth the company
and t.imflf nlied on his protrcfcai. He made the
king fome pnfents, particularly a cap of erimfon
velvet, cnihroidLred with gold, which his majefty im-
mediately put on.

Or. the 26ih of April, this year tlic Sieur Brue went
to take his leave of the king, vt'ho was then ;t his
c intry fear. He ordernl chairs for the commander
ail Lis company, beiie.iih a tree, near the gate of his
Tap.idc, or inclofure. He appeared I'oim it'cer, hav-
ing over his pagnc a fcarlet cloak, lineel with cnlico,
with a u;rey hat on his liead. Tlie Sieur Brue thanked
him fe)i"all his favours, prcfentiiig the Sieur Cart.iinp
iis chief tac.tor, and ihe fix others he left at IIiiLu',
dcfiring him to grant them his p' ■ tecHon. The king
replied, he might depart witj eontcnt, f ; td.it he
took them and the fai'i iry under his immcli.itc pro:;-c-
ticn, wilhing hv, a i;appy voyage, and defiriiig he
might hear from him often.

'riie f.meday I. king fent the g'.atci^ part of his
courtiers and hi wives, ■ compliment the coni-
iiiander, and cai \ him pruvifions for In voyage.
'J hey entcrtaimsi um v/ith a nance " tii king's
elrums ; and this 1. onarch, lo haughty to oiiier na-
tions, on all occ. ;t jS it is ('ain, (hewed .tic Sieur Brue
an unccmmon o«.grcc of rtfpecf, and complai-
f.incc.

The commander Icf; the faJlors a furgeon, two in-
terpreters, aiul fome I,a/ tots ; likcwife,- bark, a brii--
antine and a (tout boat, with failors, pilots, and all
things necefl'ary. In the factory he put arms, ammu-
nition, and merchandifc for trade, with turi^pean
provili' 11-, leaving the Sieur Caitaing full inllrue-
tions how to protecJ. He paiticularly ga'.e him
charge todifcovcr the adjacent coafts, and in cafe the
Poituguefc fhould (|uit their fort, as was reported,
immediately to take poircflion of it, before the negros
could dcmolifll it.

He went to the fort to take his leave of the Portu-
guefe governor, on the I3ih of April, who, as be-
fore, received him at the outer gate, his 'arrifon be-
ing under arms and the di urns beating a match, and
w iitid on hliii to the llioic.

Notwithftanding the civilities of the governor of
Biffio, and his promifes of waiting thedecilioii of his
luperiorsjn Europe, heemployeil underhand, all pol-
lible artifices to engage the Sieur Brue to pay the 10

per cent, he claimed em all goods imported here.

I'he Portuguefe governor at Cacliao w rote to il;e
commander on that head, fliewing him it was a line
way to fell more gooels.in 15 days^ than he cfuild
otherwife do in a year. He was ofFeieel a conlideridde
abatement in the duty j and leprefented how much the
Sieur dc la Fonde had ^'ained by his trade, becaulc ho
made no fcrujile of paying thcle duties ; adding, thac
as his Portuguefe majelfy had given him a licenl'e to
trade with Itrangers, he wiflied the French wnuld
feize this favourable opportunity, before he ofi'ered it
to the Englifh and Dutch. '1 he commander replied,
that he would immediately acquaint the French com-
pany with his propofals, though it appeared both j)rc-
judicial to their intcreft, and fubverfive of their jiri-
vileges i that the Sieur de la FonJe's exi-mple was no
reafon why they fliould recede from their rights, be-
caulc he acled like a private trader, only for his own
benefit.

In the mean time, as the Portiigucfctradeiicrc was de-
clining fo as ni;t to be able to defray the cxpences of' a
governor ami gairifon, they withdrew their ftorc-
keeper, and the governor of Cnch.'.;i advifed the king
of Portugal tei abandon and raze ihcfort. The Sieur
Brue uave the French companv notice of this, who
wrote to ilie piefulent Rouillee, then .inihairadur at
the court of Portugal, and the Sieur Brue arriving at
Lifbon in 1703, they jointly endeavoured to enrage
the Portuguefe miniftry to fell the fort, but they chofe;
to demoliih it, which was executed in October the
lame year.

The convent was Francifcan, fometimc: piid'edid by
Cordeliers, fometimes by the Capuchins, and at
others by Kccollets, (all of that order.) The parifii
was gov rued by lecular priells fent here from St.
J..go. \\'licn thefe failed, which often happened,
the Francifcans lupplied tiieir place?. 'Fherc were
three on the fpot when the Sieur B:uc was here, but
altl-.ough they were zi.dous t.i exrcf--, yrt th.ey were
prcp.iring to retire from a field lo barien cf ]iri>l' Ivtes,
occafioned by tlic 'p.uI example of the whii^ . their
deb.iu-hcry and vices being (as the author lays) an
iniiih 'A: bar to the converfion of th' fe negros.

Ho, -L- er, they had the plrafiire t.) baptilt: a nct,ro
of lome diltinflion, wilt 'oo . 'tcr renounced his new
religion, and died . ' hout any figns r'.' repentane-e.
Hisiclations 'ought the body to be buried at the
church, hecaufe the deceafed had been baptif.-d ; but
the Recollcts, who were then curares, re fnfc.l to burv
it, on account of i le ap'flacv and final iirpciiitriicc
of the dcrcaled. This occafioned a tumult, ^\li:eli
was at bif appcafc-'. The friends buried the corpfe
in the church in fp'ic ■ / thcprieft, who f<-bere di-
vine fcrvice, look -1^ jn the chinch as preiphancel.
I'his fe\eie conduit, which wa;, judged ill-tinml,
drew on the fatl'e. ;hc public odium. I'he grandees
loaded then wk!i iroiirirs, and would have expelled
them the cr,i,.i>:', I-ut that they were under the pro-
tciifion of the King (■ Portugal. At laft the vilitor
(or vicar- gcner.d at Cachao) being inloinied of the
aft'iii, and farm;; ill confee)Ucnec; might attt; d it,
fen; apriefl loBilVao, with full powers to lettlc mat-
ters.

'I'he expedient he fell on was, to take up the bod"
fecrctly hv night, and inter it ilfewheie, alter w!iich
he re-confecrated the church with t'^e fame priv.cv.
But this Hep did not fit sly the .1* cillets ■, ii y pufi-
lifhej a tnanifelto to jullil'v their co»jii(it, and went
lo far as lo condemn all Chrillians, who kejit other
Chriflians, tiiough blacks, is flaves ; all'.i to thof^;
who fold Haves to the Englifti n Uutcli, with whom

the

...m.

^ 111

lyoi.]

COASTS AND ISLANDS OF AFRICA.

455

pllfl-
wc-nt
ntlur
llioCe
vhom
t!,

f|«ry were fur« to enjoy mithcr religion nor liberty,
• ho' baptifcd. 'I'luy iiivii"hi.d iiito(io|Hna innniur,
taxing their countrymen witli hiiulciinj^, by their ir-
regularities, the progrds of tlie Rnniilh f.iith. Co-
pies of this paper they fcnt into Spain and I'ortnga!,
and carried ii with them to Maitiiiico, wliiihcr tli y
wercoblij^ed to fail in . fnip belonging to the Ircncii
company, in order to get a pall'age thcneeto Portugal,
haviiig I > ex.il'parated the negros and Purtuii;iii!c at
Bifl'ao, tliat it was not fafe lor thtm to Itay longer.
Their iManifeiVo was as Utile rclillied at iMaitinico,
the ^iu'eriior of which defired that they would keep
it to themlLlves, and not talk of thofe matters while
thcv (fayed in that ifland.

'/"he Sieur Hrue, when he undertook a voyngc to
Gc(ves, arrived there jufl at the time that Ciptain
Manuel Alvas, governor here for the king of Por-
tugal, died, tl: was a Chriltian nepfro, kniiiiit of tne
order of Clirill, and the molt generous pirfnii in the
country, a quality rare anionL',11 the negro-, liut wliieh
he carri \1 f ) far, tnat, belidts the kind reception he
gave all llrangers, no perfon left his houle without a
prcfi 111 of one or more ounces of gold, according to
his ijuahiy.

\Vhen lirft the Sieur Rrue landed r-t (lefve-, he
went to thelioiil'e of the diceilid, to pay his compli-
ments of condolance to the widovv and children. As
foon as his ri':inu.- .i,ipcared, they gave a figiial to (tie
moiiiiurs, si.io iicgan tlieir lainentation.s, as it the
perfon wa.sjull diad.

I'lie 1*1/1 iai;ucl'e and negros ufc m'lch ih.' fame ce-
remony on the V. atli of the chief perfon of a family.
It is hard to tell v.'lilch lias borrowed from the other.
As foon as a pi incipal pel Inn dies, all the women in
the neighbourhood air. rnble J and ..hen the number is
not futficient, tJKy lend to him others. Thefc wo-
men altjiid the widow or children of the deceafed ;
and, when any (tran.;;^r comes, begin their lamen-
tations in a mouinlul t.ine, weeping in cadence, and
fllewing an atflidion beyond all coniolalion, to tliofc
who do not know that it is ail grimace. At the end
of each crving fccne, thele mourners are I'erved with
brandy, and palm-wme, uiiieh they drink as cUear-
fully as if thev had been laughing all day. Thus
they divert tliemfelves till a new coiiipany arrives, and
then the foriow begins ag.iin.

i'ne childieii of Captain Manuel in deep mourn-
ing, atten.!.-d by their lelations, fat on mats. Afttr
the Sieur Hrue had made his complimeiiis, he fat
down h: thiiii, and ibi .i Ahile ih.re was a profound
filence. Alter ibis, ))alm-wiiie was I'erved up, and
after drinking a few cups, the coiiverlation turned on
news, wliile the mourners, who were in another
room with the widow, cried their bed, drinking in
tbt iiitei'. al, and ri pealing the great aelions of the
deceafed. Tl.e Sieur Hrue role, alter allilling an
ham at this doleful ceremony. The lelaiions waitid
on hull to the door, but the children fat Hill on theii
mats i the ■.. 'i.-nionial eulloms fcjrbiddiii'.; them to rife
or quit their inuurnlul poliure, lying lialt Ihetched,
their h-'sds reclined on tluir arms, c.\e'. pt when they
drajik.

'J'ms c.Temony is obferved and renewed at every new
vilit, .Hid when miKh company comes, tluy are obliged
to drink freely in oidor to cry heartily. Tne Sieur
Bnie was invit.d lu the burial of Ca'piain Manuel, at
which all the Purl'igueff aflilK-d, in long cloaks,
iviili their long f.vor.ls, and poinards, as already di
Icribtd. Hefoie the deceafed governor's houle were
eight Ikld pieces or car.iages, which were tired as the
j/rociluon fct out ; n gun tired from time to time as it
p.ifieJ, and a w'.iole dil'charge m.ule when the e
inonv was over, when the company returned U ..ic
.'"ouic, anil were tr.ated with palm-wine and bi i idy,
after which thev retired.

This captain Manuel always kept an apartme ' for

the French faeb' s who eair. ■ to G elves j but the

itale of his family did not piTinit the Sieur I'rue

to expect fueh an offer. A I'ortngueic officer,

ailed Don l'r.;iicifco Cullto, fenl to intreat he

>■

would accept a lodging joining to his houfe. The
Sieur Hrue embraced tlie oltlii hut thought it firll
proper to vifit his holt. Comintr near the houle, he
was furprifcd to hear a man, who bawled as loud as
iis Iheiigth would perniiv. If any other voice had
been joined, the commander would have thought
l-ime peifon was dying here. Filtering, he found a
tall lean man lying in a hammnck, who was making
a forced penance lor the tins m his youth. His wile,
who was a negro, was poliie, hamUomi', and very
agreeable in coiiverlation. She h.id litieU up, in the
belt manner (he could, the apartment di ligncd for the

:jieur Hrue J (he h.id (et hammocks up, thaiu,

mats, a table, wood, and water, and priuleiitly left
his own fervants to drcfs his luppcr. Luckily he hail
brought with him provihons and linen, VNaneh are
I'-areely pollible to be bad here. It requires a euod deal
of trouliL and I'earch to get a goat or a fos\l. The
Portugucle, though fo long lettied in a fertile coun-
trv, fo ealily impiovcable, yet waiu iveii liic neceC-
I'liies of life, \i\ ing like the negros, or rather worli.'.
This general want of provilions ktcps them very tem-
perate, their common food being the flefn of river
horl'es, a meat wlii^h indeed has the look of beef, but
a wild lilhy lalte. They feldom have any wine but
that of the palm, or any fpirits but rum j which is
lb ftrong, a» well as of fo difagreeable talle and fla-
vour, that, in the Leeward Illes, none but the negros,
or common people will drink it.

Hunting might eafily fupply their want of domcftic
animals and poultry, the country abounding with
monkeys, antelopes, deer, and other game, as well as
birds of all kinds in plenty ; but this exercile is too
violent for the p.ople, who prefer fitting (till and
doing nothing to all other pleafures. The Flamingo
birds are here in great numbers, and arc fo refpcclcd
by ihe Alandingo natives of a village half a league
from Gel'ves J that they flock in thoulands. Thele
birds ..re of the lize of a Turkey h n, with long legs :
their plumage ij of a bright red, w iili fome black fc.t-
thers internii.xed. Thvy arc but iiKliliuent meat, un-
lel's one is accuflomed to it ; their fleili tailing both
oily and fifliy. They make a noiie that may be hearil
a quarter of a league. The French killed fome few,
who had ventured out of their afylum; but were
forced to hide them in tlie gral., fur liar of the ne-
gros, who would not have failed to have revenged, the
ileath of their confecratcd bill! . On fevcral places
of this coalt, cfpecially at Cielves, are foend a fort of
water birds, of the goofe or duck kind, called Spatula
birds, from the end of their I ills, relembling th..t in-
Itrurncnt of furgcry. Their fle(h is better 'ban that
of the Flamingo.

The Rio Giandc lies ten or twelve leagues to the
Ibuth of Gel'ves. There arc between them two Imall
rivers, not much frequented. According to the wais
which thcfe people have with each other, and their
fucccU'es, the llave trade hero is bettej or worfe.
There is alfo fome trade for ivijry, wax, and gold.

In going up ih ■ Rio Grande, about eighty leagues
above the moulh, theie lies a nation of negros who
love !iade, called Nalus. Here is to be had a great
deal ol ivory, rice, maife, <iiid fla\cs. Sixteen leagues
from the Rio Grande, to the I'outh, lies KioNon; ue,
where there is an annual tr.\de for 3CO quintals of
ivory, at eight or ten bars the quintal, and about icO
flaves, from to to 15 bars a he.ad. Rice is here ex-
cellent and cheap. Sugar canes and imiigo grow na-
turally. They ufc this trade from the inomh of
}.'arch to Augull, in order to have the advanta.-^c of
the fouth wiii.ls, as tliey return.

The country near Nongiie produces a (alt which the
Pv-rtugucfe highly titecm, as an excellent countcr-
oil'un. Its virtues (as they fay) were (!ifco\ercd by
an elephant. The negros, who liunt thefe animals
he.c, flioot them with poifoncd arrows, and when the
bc;.lt falls, they cut out the place tlie arrov\'s ftruck,
Knd after difembuwelling the body, eat the flefls. An
elephant being wiiunded thus, the negros were fur-
prifcd to Ice him walk on and feed, without difcover-

ing

456

VOYAGES TO T H t

[tyey

iiig any mnrlcs of pain from his wounds. They knew
not wliat to make o( this proilii:;)', when one of tlicm
oblorvcd tliat the elephant went w the river's fide and
took lip fiuncthiiii; in his trunk, which he cat. They
iinintdiately wint to (ce wh.it it was, and found it a
vhitc fait, tailing (unuthin^ like alum. Upon this
they WQundcii another elephant, and ohferved that he
cuicd hinifcil m the tame manner. The Portugucfe,
wlio aril always on their guard againll poifon, made
f veral triiU of this fait, and found it to be the moll
I'rt'edual and univcrfal counter-poifon yet difcovered.
^\ hcther the poifon be received inwardly or outward-
Iv, a draehm of this fait diU'olvtd in warm water is af-
Icrtcd to be u fpecific cure.

There are five rivers between thofe of Nongue and
Sierra Leon.i, viz. of Puughe, Tafali, Samos, and
Cafiares. 'I'he people inhabitini; this coail, are the
/apc2, the Fulis. the Coholis, and the Nalus. The

Zapcz arc divided into four triben. All other n

tions arc idolatcri, and yet acknowledge one Supreme
Being, though without paying him any divine wor-
fliip, on account of his goodncfs. Tlicy are very
(kilful in poifoning their arrows, fo that a fiinplo
fcratch of them is often mortal in half an hour. They
undcriland countcr-poifons and fell them. The chief
trade here is for ivory, and a certain fruit called co-
los, which arc much ufcd by the Portuguefe to relKh
their water, as hath been before obferved.

The Knglilh have a fmall fort on the river of Sier-
ra Lcona from whence they trade up the country,
even as far as the Fulis, to the Eaft, from whom they
get flaves, ivory, and even a good deal of gold ) but
it is not known where the laft is produced, or from
whence^ it comes. This river limits the conccinon
to the French Scnejja company, to the fouth.

VOYAGE FOR THE DISCOVERY op the LAKE of CAYOR, in 171 4.

TFTE Like of Cayor, is about fifteen leagues from
St. Louis. It is partly formed by the inunda-
tions ol the nver, to the north of which it lies ; but
when the floods abate, a great part of it remains dry,
and then the Moors and Negros, who inhabit the
banks, plant their millet and rice, which thrive won-
derfully in thei'e grounds, enriched with the flime of
the river. This Kike has not been much frequented
by the French, at leall for forty or forty-five years
part ; fo that little can be faiil of it, but from the re-
port of the Moors and Negros, whofe authority is
not wholly to be relied on. They fay, it is of fo great
an extent, that thofcwho fail in it are forced to make
ufe of the coriipafs. Although this particular may ad-
mit ofcnntrovcrfy, yet it is agried to be much larger
than th:it ui' Tanicr F uli. Formerly a profitable trade
was carried on here. The country round it is inha-
bited by the Moors, and the Negros, fubjcut lo the
Sir;, tie.

T he dilFerent changes in the oompany having oc-
cafioncd the lofs of this trade, the Sicur Chambon-
iieaii, director in l6gj, intended to revive it, and for
th.it end fenl out a hark, willt a failor and goods.
Tliis officer entered the lake, not vithout difficulty,
the tntranrc being obllnisiled with reeds, fo ftrong in
fome places, as to render a p.ifilige impofliblc. Fiav-
ing (urmountcd thefe cbftacles, ami entered the lake,
he took a fuddcn fright on feeing a body of Moors
armed on Hiore, at a village where he intended to
anchor ; fo that he returned as he came, and gave
fuch terrible reports, that the dircflor could find no
pcrfons willing to undertake the voyage a fecond
time.

The Sicur I5ruc coming into thcdircftion in 1697,
rcfolved to attempt the renewal of this trade; but
his affairs did not permit nim to do it till Oiftobcr
16(59, when he feiit a bark, well armed, under a
fkilful fac'or, with a proper cari;o, and prefents for the
chief Moors. He h;id the precaution to engage pre-
vioufly in the company's interrll, the chief Marbuts,
or piieds, who had proiniled to eng.ngc the chiefs of
their nation to conclude a treaty of commerce. This
bark arrived fafely in the river of Cayor, which is a
naiur. 1 canal, by which the waters of the lake com-
municate with til'- Scnag.'i, and thofe of the Senaga,
in its overflowing, enter the lake, vvhere there is a
trade for millet, peafc, and other pulfe. A little
above this village, the river hef^ins to be obflrutlcd by
laige woods and hulruflics, which lie fo thick, and
are fo firongi tiiat the bark was flopped, though file

had a frcfh gale, and the waters were at their height.
The faiftor, who was accompanied by feveral canoc.t
of the village of Grainc, went in one of them to ex-
amine the breadth of the river, and fcek a paflage, but
his little boat was foon prevented by thefe reeds,
which in fome places rofe two fathoms above the fur-
face of the water, fo that he was forced to return, and
tow his bark down the river. In 1774, theSieurBrue
went on thedifcovery in pcrfon.

The rainy feafon h;id fct in late this year, and as
the rains had been greater than ufual, the floods
were proportionately fo, which gave the commander
hopes he fhould have water enough to enter the
lake, and examine it, as well as to make a treaty
with the natives. At worll he rcfolved, if difap-
pointcd, to vifit the fcttlements on the Ser :ga, and
renew his fiiendfhip with the pricfts of thofe parts.

'Fhc Sieur Bruc left F'ort Louis the beginning of
November, and the fame evening arrived at Hncfar,
fifteen leagues dillant. I'his place is an afl'cmblago
of different villages, built on a great plain on the
bank of the Senaga. The negros here keep great flocks
of cattle, and live more at their cafe than their neigh-
bours the whites; yet thef; latter, being fomewhat
cleanly, cannot be reconciled to the negro way of
milking ; fo that when they go to a coral, or a herd,
they carry their own veffels, by which means they
are fure of good milk, that of the negros fouring al-
moft as focn as it is in their veffels, becaufc lluy never
wafh or rinfe them, from a notion, that the old milk
remaining at the bottom, helps the new to cream.
Some im.igine the milk is fweeterand riclicr here than
in Europe. What is extr.iordiiiary, their cows give
no milk after they lofe their calves, fo that they kill
but few here, in order not to lofe the milk. They
make pretty good checfe ; but their butter will not
keep, which obliges them to fait it.

'Fheir cattle here, ;.nd from hence to the fca, arc
fmall ; but as one goes higher up the river, they grow
larger. At night they faftcn them by the hind feet
Haines circularly placed round the inclofurc, and in the
midfl they place thtir calves, fticep, and goats.
Their cattle here are much infcfted with certain
birds, which faffen on their backs, and if no care be
taken, eat their way to the bone. He made no flay
here, but was towed up as far'as the Ifle of Palm Trees.
A little higher, on the north fide of the Senega, is
the Marigot, or river of Cayor. It is fifteen leagues
long, lying nearly north and fouth ; its conflux wiili
th« Senaga is about eight fathoms biuad, and on the
(l fourth

roi.j

C O A S T S A f7 t> I S i. A V D S OF A I" R I C A

♦H

fcurth of Kovember, hnd four fathom water ) but the
flood* were fallen more than the comman<ler cxpcdkil,
conMering the feafon ; yet ihii did not hinder him
from purfuine hisvoynge. The fartlier he advancnl,
be ohlerved the Marigot grew broader and ftjnllowri.
Hereupon he was conllrained to anchor near the vil-
lage of Oraine, or Ingrin, ahout three lespiics from
the Scnaga to the well, and on the left banit of thr
river Ciyor.

This villam' belongs to Riquet, one of the gran-
docs of the "kingdom of Moval, and nl.itcd to tlio
Itr^ik. Althouch this i) not bin principal Um, yvt hv
kcips wives ana fervants here, that when In' mmc^
tic may not want attendants. He was time as the
Sieiir Bruc paflld by, and prefcnted him a (l.ivc. The
commander went alhore with him, and (hot fomc
Pintadobirds. He found the country pltafiinr, will
improved, and free from gnats, whieli inftll iill the
marlhy and low ground. They faw here a great de»l
of rice and maize in the low grounds, near the river
fidf, and many pompions, for fo the ncgros rail wa-
ter-melons, which in 3p;iin they call parteques. Thi
French and Spmifh melon, that is the red and green
forts, come to p?rfti.1ion here. The negroes fave
the feed of thefc melons, and cat them after roafting
them in a pan full of hnlcs.

That night the .Sicur Bruc lay on ho.ird, and next
day Riquet paid him a fecond viftt, with his wife,
who prcfentcd him a fat ox. This lady w.".s well
fhaped, handfame, and had teeth fiirprilin^ly wliiie.
The Sicur Brue aflcing how fhi; prcferved them lo
well, fhe replied, by rubbing tlicm with a cert:\in
«ooc(, of which Ihe prefcnted him a piece, and fent
him more. It is called Ghelele, and grows by the
river-fide, much refembling our ofiers. The t;iltc is
bitter. Riquet, her hufband, appeared to be about
feventy-five, but ftrong and healthy, hrtd a martiiil
air, and a great deal of vivacity in his eyes. He had
(tiftinguifhed himfelf greatly in the wars between the
negros and the Marbut Moors, having defeated the
troops of the king of Morocco, in fcvcral ren-
counters.

After this vifit, the commander weighed anchor,
and failed four leagues higher, to the village of Q^ieda,
On the right-fide of the river, and fubjert to the Sira-
tick emperor of the Fulis, whofe dominions this river
and the lake of Cayor feparate from thole of the Ja-
lofs, or the Brak. The river grew very narrow here,
.md the water vifibly fcU. There is a deep ditch in
the Marigot, before the vilLigc of Qiieda, where large
veflcls may lie afloat all the year round ; buton goin^
out, there is fcarce water enough in the dry fcafun for
the fm.illefl bark.

The chief of this vill.ige came, as ufual to compli-
ment the Sieiir Brue, and bring us prefcnts. On the
commander's confulting him as lO his voyage up the
river, he replied, that unlefs he could finifh it in
forty-eight liours, he muft defer it till the fcafon fol-
lowing, for the waters were never known to have
fallen fo fuddcnly before.

The next day, the commander received a vifit from
the chief, or grandee of Cayor, who eon In med whit
the former lord had told him, .'.nd rxprciVed a concern
that he could not have an opportunity of entertaining
him at his vilhigc, on account of the fliallownefs of
the river. He i:(i'ured the Siiur Brue, that if his b.irks
came in the end of July or Augufr, they might find
a free pifl'agr, (for th^it the tups of tlie reeds would be
then covered) as well ns a very nJv.nitageoiis trade
with the natives, who would he well plcafcd to fave
the trouble of carrying their goods over land to Ar-
pu'n, Portendle, or the factories on tlie Senaga. He
added, that if the cnmn-.andi!r would llaytwo or three
days at (^tieda, he would finni'li him with maife and
beans fufficient to load his bark. The commander
accepted this offer ; and found him as good as his
word.

The fame day, a ATooriili gr.mdee, accompanied
by two others, and fevcral nttfndnnts, came on hoard.
Thefc gentlemen were very tawny, th.v were bare-

headed, and thtir hair was fr!»/.Kd a' the lop, rwi
twifttd hehind. Thf-y had luu;.' Iwuris v.rji !jii»k
mufl.K'lio$ : their drcis was like the nrgidS) but iliMr
cotton cloths, or p;igr.is, wire ):iii, (l"(e fcnuii,
and of a fine flinjing p!oll\ bl.ick. 1 hi y were nil <
thcr tall nor fat, bur looked well, .-■nil fuincd urf
polite. Ihe piiiuip.d n.ade a coinplimelit t" liii*
commander, and preknted linn with two of iHe l.ir^clt
oxen that cc;ulit be feen ■, lut ihi y were low ild, il^ ii lie
was forced to have them killi-d lo preveiu iii!icl;iif
The gift> of the two other Mim.i, wiie- lo'iie fine
pagncs. Me did nut fail lo return their pnuijt'', and
kept them to dinrer along with limie if the iiigro
lordy, who diank luiiiidv liiily. Tlv Moors were
more fciupulous, .md di^mk only lijdmnHl, 'I"hi Ii;
Moors had fine li.iibuv hoiks, whiJi lhe\ v.iliiiil at
I5eiptives, or 450 lines, 'f'hc next d.jy by fun -
rif-, theie arrived nlove 5C0 Moors and n'gru n;er-
chants, \v ith liiaife, rice, and be.nis in fkins, loaded
on canieh, hoili-, caiiiagi-horfes, and afles.

The cliiefs of t^i d.i and t'i)or fixed ti.e pi ice of
the maiki't. Their mcafuro is a mat.is, or cube, con-
taining about a Paris iiiinnt, The trade was tnuifacl'id
on board the bark, ('utt'eviiig only a few to enter at a
time, to prevent romiifion. The eariieftnefs of tljefe
l«.-ople to get good«, was fo groat, that fomc fell into
the water, and the clamour was very much ; yet th.-re
was no difordcr.

TheSldir Bruebo.i^ht here 80 hojjfluads of maife,
rice and bean«, I 'r th-- value of i' o Irai.ks, lelidcs
(lime ivory, ollrieh feathers, and f..ine pounds of am-
bergreafe j and yet he wa> obliged lor want of room,
to fend back near 400 nierchants. Duiinghis ftay
here, an accident happened, which retarded hiii
voyage lor fonie hours. This was the fiidden death of
a principal man of the village. Scarce had a woman
lit her head out of the door, and given a cry, when
the wholf town w.is in as great an uproar, as if irl
France all the bells had been fet ringing. In a mo-
ment terrible (hrieks were heard on all fides j the wo-
men come running out, nnd w ithout knowing more
of the matter, fella taring themfelves, and fcreaminir
as if they had loft all their relations. But when tt
came to be known who the dead pcrfon was, tliey all
ran to the hut of the deccafed, and made a noilc al-
moft as loud as thunder. After fome hours, the chief
marbut .nrrived, waflied the be>dy, put on his bed
cloaths, and laid him on his bed, with his weapon*
by his fide. The relations then entered one alter the
other, took the deceafed by the hand, afking fevcral
ridiculous qucftions. 'I'hen they concluded with ten-
ders of their lervices, and finding the dead made no
ani'wer to thefc civilities, they retired, faying, wiih
great gravity, " He is dead." In the mean time hii
wives and children, leaving to others the care of hit
funeral, killed his oxen, and fold his iiurchandife j it
bi-ing eneiuial, on ihi fe oeTi'fiins, to make folger,
that is, to feaft and lejoice after the body is in-
terred.

The proeedlon was led by the gncriots, with their
drums, and the men armed with ;dl tlu ir weapi n^j
folluwed filcntly ; next came the body, carried by two
men, and uirrounded by ^.11 the iii.irbuts they coi,ld
aflemblc. The women followeil, roaring, and tear-
ing themfelves like bedlrniites. When the body is in*
terred in thehcufe cf the deccafed, which is a privi-
Icdgc granted to their king's and siandec>, they make
a fhort prnci-llion round the village, and wiv.-n tl.oy
come to the place where thegra\e is dug, the chief
marbut approaches the body, and whilpeis in tlieiar,
while four men h<dd up cotron cloths about it, fo a»
to hide it from the view of the Ipectators. The bear-
ers then puts it in the grav<', covering it with earth and
ftoncs to prevent the wild bealK trom getting ^t it.
The marbut next fixes rh- arms of the deceakd on a
pole, at the head of the grave, with a pot full of
kukos, and another of water, which is to fervc bun
lor a \ear. This done, thole who held up the cotton
cloths let them fall ; and, at this fignal, the women
recomnienicd their lamentations, till the ^Idefl or
B chief

.^-^

458

V O Y A G E S T O TH E

[1701.

iliicf marliut, nnli-rs llic |>ucriut« to beat n march to
return to tin- villaj;r. 'I"h« tiuimcnt the gruf ■ •fr',
und tlicy t.ill (u tlie fiaft at it nothing wlutevcr hail
hap|H-iH-.'.

in hiine places thcyili;^ a trench rou nil the grave,

, ami |)I:int a thorn lial;.;e lor iti better fccurity •, for

WJnt III this prcraiitii n thcbiHJv is oltrii routed up by

wild b.alU II) a ni^htor two. In other pbiecs the t'u-

neral ritf Ufti 1 v«n or eight dayi i and if it be a
boy, hib compaiiioiit luii ubout the villa|;e with Ihtir,
I'ubres in thiit b.indi>, ;in if thiy wcr« in fcarch tor
liini, ilafliing their wc.ipcMis an they meet.

Tile Krench coinniandvi had muck difficulty, tho'
his birlr. wai fo (hull, to uet back into thr bmaga,
und Iroiii thenci' he ictunieiTtu St. Louis, and thui
ended llie expedition, ...

A VOYAGE FOK TUF, DISCOVERY of the KINGDOM of BAMBUK,

AND ITS GOLD MINES. -

' '.

THE Sleiir Hruc was thcfirft of the French com-
pany'ii direetiirs, who had advanced their af-
fairs fo much as to be able todileMvcr fmm whence the
gold came, which was broujiht down the Senaea,
and carried to lln; En^lilh at (iambra, of which lie
h.iil fecn iiu iiitiiie., of 4:^:^ marks arrive thither at a
time. It was in proleculion of this ;;rand defign, that
he made the voyage to the kingdom of Ciulam, and
refolvcd to f>tllr one or iiinie faetiries there ; ill ordci
to advance bv 'I ,;"e', and with prudence, towards
the country or iijinbuk, which may be julHy called
a Land of Ci'iKl, with which even fomc of its ri-
vers abounds.

This entcrprile was not very eafy 1 for fuch of the
Mandig.is , inhabiting; (lalani, as well as of the
Saracale/., natives of that country, who traded to
Bambulc, knew their own intertll too well, to intro-
duce ftranger.i, who would (irll (hare the profits of fo
advaji a<j< oils a commerce, and perhaps, when once
citabiiiii.u, ennuly exclude them. I'hey were willing
to ' .iJe with tlv: Kiciich in tlitir own country, but by
no means jncl'ncd tn admit them partakers in tticir
trade to Uan-.bu*., and the countries on the coad. As
thcv were vci y jeahnis in 'his relpecl of the fubjecls of
the Sirati;, j^eir neighbours, though of the lame
colour an;i religion, it was eafy to imagine, they
would be much more afraid of Europeans, whom they
knew to be more cnterprifing, and eonfeijueiuly more
capable n\.\n any of carrying away this beiieliclal traf-
ficK. Ijefides the people ot IJamliuk were perfectly
well acquainted wit' the v.iUie of their country, and
by long expel ience fenfible how cariufl men of all
coinplexions were to procure the precious metal which
it produced, and of fubduing the countries where it
was lourid.

For this reafo.i, they fuffer none to enter their
country, on any account, rxcrpt a fmall number of
people, who bring them I'ncli mcell'aries as they have
not among ihemlelves; fo ill '.t, exeeptliigon thefcore
of commerce, no bod v can bci.iil df having fecn this
country. Thoie who have ;tien pted it, have paid
dear for their curiollty, and few or none have came
back tog've an account.

However, in order to enganc the company, who
were very cautious of throwin.; away their money, it
was neeeli'ary they fliould be aliureil that the gold,
with which the Seracoli/. and M.ihdingos fupplied the
Fuli"-, the F.nglilh, and tliel'rcii..h, really came from
Bambuk, and not farther off. Li a word, it was
farther nccclTary for liieii agei.ts to difcover the parti-
cular places where this metal was found, and the
great 4U..iit!tics they yielded ; as alfo to contrive
means to f ulc there, iiiid iii.ike ihemlelves mafters of
them, fo far, at Icail, as to caulc thofe trenfuics to
flow fol.ly through their own hands. A projeiSl both
ditiiculi and daiigeri.us to execute.

'I'here apjieai ed no method fo fuic to fucceed in their
Ungii, as fcttliti^ at Gulani j and the Sicur Brue

would have dune this In the year 1698, at a place near
Oramanct, where he had traced out u fort, and alfu
at thcilleof Caygnii, near the rock Felu, if he had
been at full lit)crty to ac't as he pleafed, and had had
the men and other nceell'arics for thcle fcttlcments,
elpccially the firft; but even then he would have
wanted the cunfeiit of the company ) who, although
he took care to fend them particular informations of
whatever related to the cxeiutioii of his projeift, yet
were fo long deliberating, that a linall reinforcement
of men and other necellaries for one fettlemcnt, did
not arrive ut the Scnaga till the middle of the year
1700.

The Sieur Hruc, however, endeavoured to cultivate
wiih care the trade of (lulani, as much as the fmall
fupplies of goods he had woul.l allow him. He had
crmltaiitly fent barks thither in the iVufon, and by prc-
fents, as well as promifes, he gained the friendfhip of
the princes and grandees of that country, that they
might afTilt him in making the fettlement lie intended,
and give him an opportunity ol (ending one of his
factors into JJambiik, to get a thorough information
concerning it. With this view h" had left at Drama-
net a lay Auguftinebn ther, who was called Apolli-
naife j a fuigeoii b\ profeflion, who had l<;rved the
company in that capacity for foiiie years before hi.s
taking that habit, and fince then hud re-ciitercd into
its fervice.

'I'he Mandingos eluded all the oflirrs he made to
engage them to guide him to Bambuk, fo iliat he was
obliged to be contented with examining caiclully the
kingdom of (julam, .^ind part of that of Ca|](>n, till
within four leagues below the fall of Govina, with-
out being able to go farther , the nej,ro: of the coun-
try retuling to let him proceed, on acccunt of a war
between them, which hirdred them froir. accoiiipunv-
ing him, or fiitFcringhim ti. pais, fie hid better fuc-
C'. h on (he fide of the rnir Faleine, rvhich Uc went
up as i-T as the ledge of locks, oppofite ti) Canary,
and engaged In the French interelt the loid of that
village, who has ever fince been a firm friend to the
nation. The Suur Brue had left Apollinuiic an af-
fortmcnt of (;oi.d» for trade, and ftrongly recom-
mended him to the chief marbut at Dramanct, who
li,ld taken charge of him, and promifed toprotciit him
with all his power. He was as good as his word,
granting him a lioufe, procuring him a laic for his
goods, and giving him all the information he w.-'s ca-
p.ibleof, as to the trade of the country. This w»s
all he could do during his ftay here, of which he gave
the company a clrcumffantial account in a memorial
he fent, dated October the 8th, 1699. The com-
pany fcnt back inflruc\ions, dcfiring farther intelli-
gence.

The good brother, judged it would be cafier fw
him to go back to France, and anfwcr the company's
guellions. He therefore left Gulam, and arrived at
roft St. LouLs, September 16, 1700. In Novcm-

ijroi.l

COASTS AND ISLANDS O !• A I' R I C A.

r;ir
iv-

rial

b'T fdlloivliig, Iir f.iitiil for rr.iiicc, with letter, frmn
the Sieur liruc to the eimpjiiy, ucqu.iinhiig ihnn,
Thiit thi« religious, mciitcJ inuie iliiii any ot il« ol-
ficem, jiul advifin;; ihun, not (ill!) to reward him in
a diltinguilhed manner, but alio to enf^agc Imn to
continue in their I'ervicc, by (giving him fume honour-
able poll.

The Sleur Uruc, ati his ben already mtntionrd,
had traced out a liirt near Uiani.inrt, wliiih he vv.is
forced to (lertr Iniililiii", till he had thi' company's
ordris, and the ncccllary (ujiplics. I hele arriving
ill 17UO, ai hath bjcn obfcrvcu, he diCpatch'-d > iv of
bis uffiecrs to benln the foit ; but tins o(Hi.cr took
tile liberty totlian(;e the (ground niiikid out by the
commander, under pieteiiie of placing it nioieiom-
inoilioully fur loadini; and unloading the barks, built
it 16 near the river, tli.it it was can led away tlie next
year by the floods, with a cimfiderable lofs of the
company's etfoifs. 'I'his ililappointnient was very
vexitious to the Sieur Hrur, becaule it broke all his
nu-afiires. He balUned to remedy it, and gave or-
ders to build a place for the licuiity of the goods lent
to keep up the trade, which became every ilay more
and more conli.lernblc. Kor this piirpoll', havini;
pitched nn a Hip of land, more elevated than that the
former fort was built on, they railed hut, and cn-
clofed them with a tapada well tcrraflVd Ivhind j
where they mounted a few gun-, till the Sieui Bruc
arrived, and made a more legulai fcttkmrnt : but he
was called to France by the company the I2tli of
April, 1703.

The river Kelame, according to the Mandingo
nierchanis, fepi rates Irom the Senajja a little above
llaracottra, a village where the Lnglilh from the
(janibra arc often feen, or, at Icafl, free negros and
Portugiiefe, who ferve them as Ciromcttos, that is,
mefllmgers or fadlors. They get thither by the river
Gambra, which is a branch of the Senaga, but not
navigable above Ikracottra.

His fudden return to France hindered him from
making the intended fcttlement at Canara, which
proved fatal to that of Dramanct : for the Mandingo
Marbuts foon repented of having admitted the French ;
and rinding the commander had left the country, they
thought thenifelvcs no longer bound by the perpetual
alliance which bad been made with bim. Whether
this rhange was wrought by finding fome diminution
in their trade, or that they were gained by the F.ng-
)i(h, who concluded, that if the French piidicd their
dilioverics and fettlcmcnts on that fide, they would
become abfolute maftcrs of the traffick with the ne-
gros and the gold trade : however it was, the Mlr-
buts gave credit to the Ciuinea and other merchants
of the Caravans, who rcprefented the F'rench as
dangerous people, inlinuating tliemfelves by pro-
mifes and prefents i but that beinj once fcttletl, they
would fake ofF the mafk, and reduce the natives to a
Itate of flavcry. What prejudiced them the moft, was
a l.tt r, pretended to come from Sally, which con-
firmed the report, that the French were to be joined
by an army of Moors from Morocco, who were to
con<iuer the country, carry all thofe able to bear arms
into (lavery, and oblige the relt to work in the
mines.

On this fort St. Jofcph was befiegcd by agreat mul-
titude, before the officers, who commanded there, had
the Icaft notice of the dcAgn. Unluckily at this very
lime, he had pulled down part of his inclof\ire, in
order to enlarge it, and had been forced to difmount
the c.innon of the fort; which lay open almoft on
cvcrv fide, cxpofed to the poifoned arrows which the
negros poured into it, without intermiflion, both day
and night. The faiifors and others, employed by the
company, made a brave defence for fcveral days, and
killed numbers of the enemy : but their lodes rather
exafperated than dlfcoura^ed them ; and they advan-
ced in the night with fafcines, preding continually to
burn the fort. They did not fuccccd, nor had the
F'lench one man killed or wounded : but as they
were tired put with being continually under arms,

and bo'h amiiiunition and prmifions began <: , 01 lural
of ihoM chill* and ri lati m , would iiarkt.i t ) i.i 'thing,
fo that be w.is louid in the ni"lii, in get on boarl a
birk, wliiililiy un.l.i ,h. fuir, and aU^i having got
the ammunition, and all the biK of the gond^ oil
b'liiiJ, ".'t (ire to the reft the 2j.i ol Dedinbir, 1712,
.mil thus lull iheriLh ti;i,li. of this country fur five or
lix years.

The negros did not quit tliem yet, but follnwcJ
tlii'in along the river, in hop s tlicy fliouiil be obliged
tolail ne.ir the bank in 1. ii-e places, for want ot wa-
ter in ihe mh'i!lL j but the Frencli choli L.tinr to
ilil'mad the b::rk, ;iiil cut ilo^.n t.eii «ith r'v .'ick,
than expofc thenifelvcs to th it danger. Notwith-
K.iiidin^^^ thefe precaution', they were forced to come
almoft within reach of then arro , ; ^ often a> hey
met with shoals or l.md banks ; .iiid they continued
ill this enibairal'b, till they got within the doniini.,ns
of the Sir.itic.

Alter this 'I"" atJ.iirs of the company were fa per-
plexed, that noiliin.', was done towaiils rciloring tort
St. Jof. ph, till 171', when the Sicur MiiHelli -V, tirll
■ lircttor of the fifth, or Rouen company, and igth
director and commander of the Conceflion of Sen;in:a,
and the Coafts of Africa, arrived at fort St. Louis,
111 May 1710. H.- next year fet out rm that dcfign,
but died the 15th of Aii^ull at '/"u. b), on the sena-
ga, bifore he arrived at Dramanct. The Sicur Richc-
biiurg, (lovernor of Goicc, fuccccdtd him ; and tho'
he enjoyed that poft but twenty mimths, (bavin;- been
loll on the bar of the Senega the fccoiiJ of May,
1713) yet he livcil to fettle a fortified l.:6>ory in the
kingdom of (ialam j not at Dramanct, where he
ought to have fixed it, but at Mancanet, a league
owcr. He might have avoided giving umbrage to
the Mandinos of Dramanct, by driving no great
trade till he had fortified the place tiled ually. For
thefe people, though eafily alarniid on the aitiele uf
commerce, arc yet honcHcr men, thougli more pow-
erful than the Saracolcz. However, the fituation of
Mancanet is very agreeable, the air good, the an-
chorage of barks at the foot of the littU' eminence, on
which the fort ftands, is very feciuc, and deteiidal
both by the artillery a.nd mufquetry.

The Sieur Bruc returnin;.; to fort St. Louis, in
April 1714, fet about cftablifhine the commerce of
(lalam. He caufed the fort ot Mincanet to ho
finifhed, which h.ail the name of St. JolVph j and at
the fame time had that at Canara c'.rried on and
conipleatcd, which was called St. I'et. r's F'ort.

Thefe beginnings gave room to hope for a happy
ilTue : but tliey were partly ineft'cclual, becaufc they
could do nothing in thefe faiflories, but receive and
fell the goods they brought, without being able to
reap thofe advantages from the riches of the country,
which might be obtained by feeking them on the
fpot ; the fureft way of carrying on a profitidile trade,
and preventing others from fliaring in it. Hut as
for this end, it was neccflary prcvioufly to have a
pcrfcift knowledge of the country and its mines, as
hath been already obferved, the Sieur Brue propofcd
the attempting this difcovery to (evcral of his faifors,
adding very advantageous offers to encourage them
to undertake it. Several promifcd him, but were as
ready to break their word, when they came to undcr-
ftand the dangers and hazards of any whites entering
the country of Bambuk ; where the jcaloufy of the
negros, with regard to ftrangers, was fo great, and
their ftridliiefs in guarding the avenues fo extraor-
dinary.

The Sicur Compaynon alone (at prcfent maftcr-
mafon and undertaker at Paris) ^^as daring enough
to rifk fo perilous a journey. He was furni(h;d with
merchandizes proper for tfie country as well as pre-
fents for the farlms, or lords of the villages, and for
fuch other perfons, as might be able to aflift him in
the difcovery he had In view. He took his meafures
(o well, that he fuccecded, and has the honour to be
b ' ' ■ ■< ■■ -IN

^f^-'

w \r 1^.

IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)

L// ^\^

:/.

1.0

1.1

1^ |2B

150 *^*

2.5
22

140

IL25 i 1.4

12.0

1.6

Hiotographic

Sciences

Corporation

23 WEST MAIN STREET

WEBSTER, N.Y. M5S0

(716) •72-4503

4^0

VOVACJE8 TO THE

[«7»«

the fiift whiten ho was evCr ktn in thefe parts. None
Ix-rdre him h.iJ ever pcnctritcd fu Tar, or acquired fo
pcrlV^t a knowledge of the country, tliruugh which
hu ii,ivrllt;d feveral Times.

ills RrU journey was in a diredl line from fort
St. jolrph to that of St. Pete, on the river Filcme.

IK- niadi' JiioihcT, following the call fide of that
fiici fruni OiiDcca to Nayr.

Ill- ihiiJ ri)ui was acrufi the country from Babia-
ii'lam oil the Srn.iga to Nettees and Tanibaawrn,
l>Ucei in thi' ccutrc of the country, famous for the
rich gold miiii'9 in their neighliourhood : fu that
in the year and a half, which he fpcnt iu travelling
over that country, he croflld it fo many different
way>, that he fiuns to have left but a few places un-
; lilted. He viewed every thing ih.it occurred with
.ill the eNattnefs a man of his genius was capahio of)
el'periiilly when iiiclt>.d both by his own curiofity and
the promifc (>f large rewards, as well as by tlie defirc
of beintr tifeful to his countiv, and doing a fi.'rviccto
the conip:iny that employed him. Hisgood behaviour
ami prclei.r, rafily gained him the cfteem of the
Mriui of Canara : who coiifidered him not fo much
*.: J fervjnt of the coinp.my, as a virtuol'u who fought
t'l I'lilvfy las curicfity, in viftting a country ho had
!:t.:id fu nitich ot'. This tarim fent his fon to ac-
iiin.p.iue him ;i« f.ir as Sembaii.ira, in the kiugdnm
<'f C'unta. lilt; fariin, or (.liii.1 of this place, was
i\iie:iicly fiirpiifed to fee a while man fur his gucd,
.1 e./lour tie had hiihuto been a lliangcr to. His
luhiicls who were Kjually lliangers to fuch an
I'bjeci, were as much auiazcd as he at this ttrangcr's
bildnefi ; and had given him but an ill reception,
it the prcfcnec of tlu' t<>ii of the farim of Canara had
nut retrained tliein. The mrd painonntc were fur
lending him away, without giving him time to exa-
mine the country.

H')A'ever, the chief being prevailed upon by the
ari^umcntj of his friend's Ion, pcrfuailed the peopir
their apprehenfions were groundlif'-, and tli.it tluy
had no caufc to fufpeiSl this white m.tn. He alTuiei!
rheni, he was an hunell merchant, whom it would be
their advantage to encourage) thelc leafons, batkei!
by 'iimc Icafonahle pref.nt5 to the mall coiifidciablc
people of the village and their wivce, produced a
change in their tem|K'rs, and he foon gained as many
friends ainongft them, as at lirft he had enemies.

But tlurc were yet more difiictiliiLS to furmount,
bur he had the f.ime to conquer in every place. Al-
thau!!h he was .ilwavs acconipanird in his travels by
fonu' (It the priiicip.il natives, yethe found wherevci
be went, the fame jcalouriis, and almofl the fame
i! ngi.'. He was obliged to aiilwtr numbcrlelV
q.ie.lion.c, to undergo tedious cxaitiiiutions, and wouiJ
r.t-vir hive been able to have opened hlml'clf a wai ,
but by dint of preleiits. Sometimes even hil reafuns
a'ld prefe-its joined, were too weak to difpel the dil-
truU of the natiiet, who w.itehed him in a very
trnulilefomc manner, rcfuiing him the earth or ore
of their mines, thi^u^h he oftered to purchafc them
ai ijioir uivii rate, alluring them, both by liimrelf and
bis coiidiicturs, that he only wanted to make hinifelf
caflbts, or pi|)e-heads. 'I'hcy heard his leafuns, but
CyuIJ not b.licve tlicin fiiAieient to induce a man to
travel f i f.ir, and run fuch luzaids ; but that un-
tit'ulit'.'dly he mull have fume bad defi^n, and wanted
I > I'.al their gold, or rurujuer th^ir country, after
h • na.l liirveyed it. 'i'he ufu.il eonclufion was to
f iitl hiiii b.ick quicklv, ur to kill him, in order to
d.tii olli'.r uh>tes fioui following his cx.an-.plc.

Hivlii^> at 'I'oraca b;M;;.iinci' uiih a negro to bring
him Cuiiie j^hinnui, or ^ii't ejrih, Ironi Sitahli, anil
to iiivije the ciMii.tr/ people lo biln;^ him enll'ots, for
vliich be woiilJ pay tlv ni well, hi- meflingcr met an
i.l ti ^-cpiinn ; !ii> demand* beiii,' refuf'.d, aiul him-
klt diiveii aA.iy, willi orders to till the farimsof To-
lora, hl< luul, thai he was a fnol, to let a white
examine his country, ami tiike Ills ore and earth,
llu'.c it was cviJcnt he only came to rob him. The
nigrj, in pref.nce of the farim of Toroca, delivered

this anfwer to the Si»ur Compignoh, wKo, without
being difconcerted, replied, that the farim Silabali
was a fool himfelf, to be afraid of a finale white man,
in the midft of his country, and lo refHle to fell hmi
fome of the earth, of which he had more than he
could ever ufe. He then made the negro a handlomc
prefent. This generofity was fo agreeable to the
natives, that it was the public talk of the countty.
Another negro quickly ottirred himfelf to ;<o feek tli'is
earth for him by night, but Cumpagnon, who
thought it policy to hide the dtfire he had of get-
ting fpecimens of all the mines, pretended great in-
diftercnce, faying only, that when they knew hiin
better, they would make nofcruple to lell him their
earth and iralTots. This produced a cood elFeA, for
foon after he got as much of both as be pleafed. He
had the Ikill to remove all the umbrage taken at his
firll coming into the country) and bis winning be>
haviour, joined to his prefents, gained him the love
of the farims and people in all the places w here the
mines lay, to fuch a degree, that they made hitn
prefents in return, and at latl, allowed him full
liberty to take as much ore, and make as many caf-
ibts as be thought fit. I'he Sieur Drue, dircdor-
general, took care to fend the company IJKcimens of
all the mines, and calTots of all forts, by the viifiory,
which failed for Onaga, June the i8th 171*.

I'he greater p.^rt of mines produce gold in fuck
abundance, that it is not nrccflary to take the tioubic
of digging. They need only fcrapc the furface of the
earth, w~afh it in a bowl, and pour off the water
g^rntly, to find the gold in dull at the bottom, fomc-
times in l.irge grains. I'he earth which produces
this gold, is neither hard nor difficult to work ) it is
ufually a clay ground, of different colours, intcr-
lasixed with f(<iue pits of fand or gravel, fo that tea
men here can do more work than an hundred in the
richeft mines of Peru or Brafil.

The negros here have no notion of the fertility or
harrenmfsof the lands, proper to produce cold, nor
any rules for tliilinguilhing the places which yiclil
inetali:, frtmi ihofe which do not. They only know«
in general, that their country abounds in gold, and
that in propur ion as the foil is dry and barren, the
greater hope there is of its yielding more gold. They
rake an I Icrapc up the earth indifferently in any
place, and when they have the good luck to light oh.
one which yiehU a good quantity of this metal, they
continue 10 work there, till the quantity iliminilhes,
or ccafc*, and then quit the place to go and feek ano-
ther. They have a notion, that gold Is a fort of
r(>i;u:fli or malicious being, which delights to play
tiicks with its followers) and for that end often
(hifts from one place to another.

By their ill management in their way of working
the mines, they gel but a fmall part of the gold con-
tained in the earth, which they dig out : only the
groffer parts falling to the bottom of the bowl, while
the finer particles run over with the earth and water,
which they gently pour off, after ftirring the whole.
The woikmcn in Europe, who clean the goldfmith's
(weepings, would get a good fortune by the water
they pour off here.

'I'lie natives of this rich country do not Irarch
heir mines at nil times, or when they pleafe. This
depends on the pleafurc of their farims, or lords of
village;, when thefe judge it proper, either for the
public occafionr, or their own private account, they
give notice to their fubjeAf, that fuch a mine will be
wrought on fuch a day. Thofc who have occafion
for giild, repair to the place, and fall to work ) fume
dig, others carry away the earth, others bring water,
others walh it. I'he farim, and principal perfons
keep the gold that is cleared, and fee that the wafhcri
du not ileal any of it) a fault which they arc very
fubie^l to. "The work being over, the gold is
divided, the farim taking care firll to frparate his
own fliari^, which is always one half of the whole:
befides that, by immemorial cullom, all the grains
above a certain fize belong to bim without cxccntion.

When

»7i6-l

COASTS AND ISLANDS OF A F li I C A.

46<

any
[hi tin.
they
ilhcs,
ano-
of
play
often

When this work has cnniiniiril as miiiy ilivi ^< ihi-
Fari.n rhMfi ., the v.'orkiiKii arc ililpnlcJ, and the
mill ■ rcma.i": .iitouched by liis or<K r.

Thcfe nv .hojs "f woiking will i.iflly account for
the irregular pcTi.nls at which the polJ is prociiieii ;
and lh>' ' lmu(i continual want of prnvifioii^, »hi h
prevails am'iiig tiic n 'gros in thife parts .mi.rr to lli^'
ircquciit difcoiitiniianiL of their work. On all which
accounts tlio Sicur lime lU )n;:;ly rcrdniinendcd fi t-
tlcmtills to lie made, whcrihy the natives itiijiht li
dtllvcred fnim many impofitions, and the Kiirop;.in^
fiipplied more regularly willi lliut (hiiiif^; metal,
winch h <j at all times ingrollid in much of their
attention.

With regard to the mines difcovcrcd in this coiin-
trv, in confeqiieuee <it' tho Sicur Drue's project, wt
have the (bllowiiiu; account.

The Sicur Coiiipagiiin ami thofe who by their
commander's order, went lo difcover the country afti r
him, louiid no cert.iin tokens of any goldmines: in
proceeding up the river KaKine, from its conlluence
with the Sen, ;a to the village ot Nayc, at the ilillance
of about fourteen or filteen leai;ues, except at Fur
charran, a ruined village two leagues north-eaft m
the river, and in the neighbourhood of a m.irri!;ot oi
rivulrt, wiiieh falls into ih" F.ileme. This rivulet
it deicribcd as fo (hallow, that it is not even navigable
for canoi'f., though ihdiltancc btingfinall, it miiih'.
he iMJv lo tr.iMiport the i;old ore on c.imels, to any
fctilcnviit in its vieinuv. Befidcs the tokens of
this gold mine, thirew; i\lfo oliferveil ihe .ippear-
Biiee of a very conridiiablc one of white lliining
roek, which was coi.tluded to coMtain a o,ujr.tily of
fllver.

The feeon.l gold i.iine w'.iich ihe Smir Compa':non
difcovt'red, wis to the eaftward of the river Kaleiiic
abovmentiniied, twentv-fui' lea;;iiLS fr.im ii« cnn-
fliicnee with the Nigrr, and iib.iiit five l-i mks in-
land bitwceii the villages nf S.mihjniiraand Dallinui-
Ict. I'his was on a lil;;li f.nidv croiind, where ihe
ncgros fo'jnd gold only by waOnng the furfacc of the
e.irtn, taking it up as it lay, without any farther
trouble in theacqiiifition.

Not far from Scgalla, a vilhre 5^0 pates to the
right of the F.'Icme, and about fifty leagues from its
aiouth, the foil was found filleil wiih veins of t^iold.

Five leagues higher lav the mines ofCihinghi 1- irraiul,
where gold was found in arcat quantities. The Fa-
rim of Faroeo having given the Sieur Compa ;;non
perniifTion to take what quantities of this earth he
picafed. Some that was taken up at random, being
wafticd in a howl in his prefence, a quantity of pure
gold, whicli melted with cafe, was found at the bot-
tom.

All the rivulets that water this foil^ and fall into
the F.^.Ieme, bringdown fo much gold with the lands,
thit th; ni iglibouring negros during thofc intcrvah,
while their min"s arc fuftered to relt, come hither to
the FaUme tigjiherit, as this manner of taking it
is never forbidiien by their chief*. KearCiinghi Far
rand the mouimins arc all of a loft gravel (lone
which .ipp'irs covered with gold fpangles. On b?in(>
allayed, th"re were large piecs found perfectly coiii-
pctent tci refift iujiia fortis, but which, as a farther
prnof of their value, din'olvcd cadly in aqua regia,
ch p'tfiling a bri ;hl yellow lediment.

Ou the banks ot the river Sannon, at the vill.age
of Nian Saban.i, was a rich mine, plentiful and ca(y
towoik, biuthe<ire i.qiii n\ pounding and fmelting,
which the n.itivi ■, ,,r;,- nor cap. ble of doing, and being
likcuilV nixed with arl.nieal fulphiirs, it was quite
driertcd by a people equally fonJ of health, and avcrfe
to labour.

*' 'Fhe richell mir.e (continues the author) which
is at prvfenl diligently woiked cnlv by the natives, is
near the centre of tlie country of Hamhuk, between
the villages ot Tamha awia, and Netccco, thirty
leij,ucs to the ealtward of the river Faleinc, and forty
from S. Peter's fort ■ <■ Kaynera (or Canara) on the
fame river. It is (a:jiri(ingly rich, and the gold thai

Vol. 1. No. ^o.

it pnJurc!; is vciy pure. This pare rf riimhulc, f<»i'
w-Ml;h, eNC'cds all l!ie reO. Tlu r.iir ^ a:>- lur-
rf^'in'.'ed by hijh, naked mountains, I'.y .;i' ' ■ 'rreti ;
I'n that the nrtie-, li.iving rrne of the 11 ttliarits o
life but fuch a, •h.'V e;Hi ;Mirchafe with tiieir goid, ■■:■-■
f'i;e,.d to work thL'ir mines with nuire :.(li,!ult;, than
ih- ir neiiiiihours and countryn'cn. livre may hef.in
.''laftstei, feet deep, a wonderl'iil ihinj, vvliere ptopic
Irive n"it'iii b'ddcr'. not props. 11. v. ver, tliey lind
much riore gf.ld at this il. )..li, than i-Tror the fur-
lac. Wh. n the veins are miiied v> •'■]: ;;ravil '.-r fi.mc
lind fubdancir, experience ha-, ta.; h' them to
hriiile the oar, in order to net at the i; lii. Thry
would, in tliis cafe, g't much moro if tli.y knew the
iriv of fmihing or remiing, nor have tlv \ y.t bii-n
able to reach the principal v.in of tiie n.ine. All
thi- foil i< aigi'lou> or a fat ilav of variou', \:vd
colours a^ white, pu'-ple, li'a-guen, flcllow, 01 ie-
veral (liad-s, blue, &c.

" The natives here ire '.he moft iiic;cnicus tnalters of
radiits, or p'p--lieads, in all tliat e. unlry. Cio'A
lands or fpair.'U-, fm-.H or gr; at -pp-.-ar •■very where.
■I'h'-ro fpan;;'ks are thin. I'm v call the e.irth t!uy
cet this (and from, CJbinzan, tbit is (JolJeu F.arlh,
or (lilt F.arlh ; and aliho" !> the calTots art made of
the errth, after living waliitd, yet it would be taly to
extrail gold from th-m, bvtheh.lpi.f mercury. At
Canara," near Sr. IVfr's fort, is a (ir.all river, the
bottom and b inks of which arc covered witli c.ilouffJ
rocks, or nienlli-; mareatites, wli-lt- v-ieight and tc-
loiir in.lieafe fon-.-. gold nil n s th-.ie:.boiits, which th^
ivi-,hbourhood of ibis foit would render v^-ry ea'y to
f -ir.li for, and poliVfs when found. At N.iyv are two
■jnhl r.iints; that neareft the river has been It'll,; hnce
qii!t!eil, as being fubj'ct to inundatioiij ; and the ne-
iros did not care for the trouble of emptying the
pits : but they have found anoihor at a greater illf-
tnnee, on the Vi.-ht fide of the river g<'ing up, (rc«
from "nv inrnnvenirnce.

" The \ ilia r of Naye, which is prettv large, is but
four leagues above fort ht. Joleph, which would fa-
cilitate either the contiueif or purihale of this mine.
Abi.ut 10 leaijiir-s .above Canara, to the Ictt of the
Fah'me, is another gnld mine, in the lands of To-
mana NiacancI, which is rich, and the metal pnrci
'Fhough it is eafv to work, vet the negros have quitted
ir. n-oin a fup^rftitious notion, that all who meddle
with it, except whites or womin, will die. The wo-
men will not venture on i*, as giving no credit to
what their hiifliands fay on this bra. 1, lothat it I'vcms
rcferved for the whites, and on this .aceount would
not be hard to purchafe.

" tn many other places there are evident marks of
gold mines, particularly about 1 7 leagues from the con-
fluence of Faleme, nnii the Senaga. 'Fhe land for a
UOfid way on this fide is dry and barren, bcin^ 3 ("oft
oravcl, (livid. 'd into difi'eront 11 rata, of lively colours,
like thofc of Famba awra, and Netccco, bcforcmen-
titmed.'*

Htfides thrfe mincsof gold, and that of filvcr al-
rciV.'v- mentioned, here are found in many places
blue flours, wl-.ich they fay are certain figis el' cop-
per amlfilver trims. In elVrc'V, eop;icr, Ieail,,iron,
and tin are found here, as well as the heir load-llmu',
pieces of which have been f nt to France) although
it may fiem ncedlcfs to think of tlirfe metals where
wld is fo plentiful. Iron is not only crmmon and gocd
at Hamhuk, and thrni'^h all (jalam, as at Caygnu
and Dramanet, but alfo in many other places dclcend-
in? the Servac,.^, as at Joel ami at UoiiLfhel in the
kingdom o( Sieratlc, where great quantities are got
of it, fo foft that the negros hammer it into kettles or
pots, fo that they buy no iron from the French unlcfs
it be wrought.

Rock cryftal, tranfparent ftones, and fine marble,
are found in plenty throughout Galam ; a'.fo .in incre-
dible quantity of odoiired woods for inlaying, of
the brightcll fort, hcfides a great variety of fcented
woods."

The Sicur Brue laid before the company five dif-
6 C fercfit

•fe

4«i

VOYAGES TO THE

r»7i6-

fcirnt fchcnifs he Iiail formed for a frttlcment in this
rich ciiuntry. The firll was to conciliate the afftc-
tiuns ot the Fariiiis, or chief men, Co as to uhiain
their conlL-nt to build forts in the country j of which
he propokd two on the rivers Falenic, and a thinl he
intcnJfd to be of wood, fo as to be moveable at plea-
furc, to linh places or mines as the company Ihoulil
work. In this fort were to refi.k- the direflor, with
the officers, niiiicri, ful.iicrs, ^c. nccefliry lor the
undertaking. Hut in his lall voyage to fort St. I,ouis,
in 1725, finding this projeivt not agreeable to the im-
patience of his nation, he formed a f^rond, which he
prcfentcd to the company, and to Mr. Landavificu,
September the 25th the fame year : by which it ap-
pears, that he ihouglit 1200 men fufficicnt for tliis
conijucft i and reckoned the cxpcncc of fuch a bo>ly
for four years would come to two millions of livres.
He computed 4CC0 marks of jold, at 5C0 livres the
mark, \vou)d rcimburi'e thi> >.\pcnce, and that the
mines would yield annuaiiv above 1000 of thefe marks.
In this voy.igc wc meet with the following defcription
of Bambiik.

This kingdom is of coiifiJerablc extent. To the
north it has a p.irt of the kini^doins ot Gahm and
CalFon i to the wcif, the river I'altnie, v^'ithtlie king-
doms of Contu and Cainbieguda ; to the fouth of the
kingdom of Macanna ; and the countries to the weft
of Alandingo. Its caftcrn limits cannot be well af-
ccrtaincd, as the countries of Gadua and Guinea,
which are parts of it, arc very large, and as yvt little
known to the Europeans.

The country of Bambuk, like thofe of Contu and
Cambri:;uil.!, is not fubjciit to any particular kin",
though tr.i-y bear the name of kingdoms 1 probably on
account of their being fiirnierlv governid by fovcreiktn
princes. At prcfent, the natives are governed by the
mafters or lords of their refpeilive villap's, wiiom,
towards the river Falimr, ibty call l'arini«, that is,
lords ; adding the nan.c of tlic village, as I'aiim Tora-
co, KarimK.irbanna,&c. In the inner part of the coun-
trv they call thefi' chufs I.lcmanni, or, by other ap-
pellations ; ail which titles given to their gtcit men,
though not fo lofty as ihcfc of emperor or km ■. \ t
invtil them wiih much ihe fame auihoritv , and ihii
fubjctils pay them iIk fame obedience : .ilwavs piovi-
dcd that they keep the laws .nnd cuKoms i ibililidud
from time immemorial m this Ariilociatical Ripiililir,
and do not pretend to invade them : for it would be
dangerous to think of arbitrary power here. Tlirk
Mandingo.', who are all of them rnarbuts, do nm
undcrdand jelling on this fubjcct ; and the leall that
could happen to a Farim, Elcmanni, or lord of a vil-
lage, who (bould take too much lilicity this way, would
be a fliamcful depofition, or the pillage of his goods.

ThcfeFarimsor chiefs are indepcndant of each other ;
but all arc obliged to join for the defence of the (tatc,
(or commonwealth) it attacked either in the whole, or
in any of its members. The country is extremely
populous, and has a great number of villages on the
caft fide of the river Falcmc. The Sannon, (luia-
no.i, Manfa, and all other Ufler rivers, which fall
into the Falcme, or the Senagi-, have alfo many vil-
lages on the fides : but the ini.ind country is not fo
populous, b'.caufe thofe parts of it that are not wa-
tered, arc drv and very barr.n i as is common in a
country like this, full of mines of gold, filver, cojiper,
tin, and iion. 'I'lic foil neither produces millit, rice,
ror pulfe. They even want Oraw and grafs to cover
their houfes. — 1 his barrennels of the ground is partly
caufcd bv the heat which is excefiivc : not only from
the fituatinn of the cmuitry, which lies in twelve and
thirteen degrees north latitude, but alfo by its being
inclofed With high bare mountains, which rcflcifl the
h.ai, and prevent the winds frr.m fiif.ioently refrefli-
ing the air, and difpellioL' the thick viipoiirs thatccn-
finiially id'ie from a foil fo deeply imiircgnated with
mct.->U and minerals. This renders ihi- country cx-
•nely unwholfome and dangerous to ftraiigus ; for
iKr nVtives and other negros, who come here, being
acruVfonicd to \h\i climate, fulfcr no great inconve-
fiif nur.

•• As Dambuk (fays the author) nroducrs fome ex-
traordinary animals and plants, it may not be im-
proper to mention them. Of the firll kind, are »
fpecies of white monkeys : thcfe arc of a blighter co-
lour than the white rabbits in France, have red eyes,
and eafily tamed when young ; but as they giowold,
become as malicious and unlucky as others of thi«
kind. It has not been yet pofTiblc to bring one of
them alive to Fort St, Louis. The white weafel is
another animal peculiar to this country, which, like
the European one, is a great enemy to poultry. The
colour is of a fliining filver. The iiegroi cat them, and
fell the fkins at tire French fafloriet.— The pigeons
are entirely green, fo that they are often miflaken for
parrots. There is alfo in liambuk, and the adjacent
countries, an extraordinary beal), called the gliiama-
la. It is moftly found on the call fide of Ila-iibiik, in
the provinces of Ciadua and Jaca. Thrfc .vho liavc
(ecn it, report it is half as tall again a!> liic elephant,
but not near fo large. It fecms to be of the camd
kind, icfeinhling it in its head and neck, and having
two bunches on the back like the dromedary. Its
legs are extravapanily long, which makes it appear fa
tall. They feed like the camel on thilHes and briars,
which makes them lean ; yet the negros do not fcrupic
to cat, when they catch them. Ihe country of
IJambuk has few grounds (it for pafliirage, fo that
they have no oxen^ but only a few (heep and goats,
which thrive always beft in a dry foil. The ghia-
mala is very wild ; he is' provided with feven ilrait
horn«, which, at his full growih, are each near two
feet long. His horfs aie black, and refrn.ble thofe of
an ox. Hi' goes f*irtly, and can hold out a long
ti;i; -. The flcfli is fvvsct and good in the op.iiion of
the negroes.

The monoceros, or bird of Paradife, is alfo feen
here. It is of the li/.e of a cock, ihe plumaijc va-
rrrgntrd, cfpeciallv the wings. The beak is hooked
like that of the t.,: I-, thiT talons laig-- and Ihoiig.
On his head arc tuo fenthirs, about three or four
inches long, ioliiing in a point like a horn, which
has occalloncJ fome to niiii.iive it for a real one.

Til ■ r.iiidy parts of Bambuk produce an uncommon
kind of pcafc. The ftalk of thefe is about two inch.s
in diameter, rouiul, green, flcek, and covered with
1 (irong rind. This is a creeper, and fpreads much.
It is common for them to extenil five or fix feet in
Irn;ih. The leivcs, like thofe of trefoil, about fix
inches long, fpriiig in pairs, at fi\e or fix inches
diftance from each other. Between thefe lie the
flowers of two diflcient ftiapcs : the firft with an
op'n calix, compofed of five leaves, of a violet blue j
about fifteen or fixtcen lines in length, and nearly
the fame in breadth, clofe upon each other. Thefe
arc fupported by five little green leaves, fmooth and
fhining. The centre of this calix is filled with little
fiainina, about fix lines long, of a deep yellow or
orange colour, but have no pift.l. The flowers on
the oppofite fide of the ftalk are like thofe of our
common peafe. The firfl flowers produce no cod,
but the latter yield a ftalk of five or fix inches long,
and near an inch in diameter, parted into fcveral
cells by a red pellicle j each cf which contains a pt»
of the bignefs of a mufquct-ball, of fixtcen to the
pound. Thefe peafe arc round, of a marble -grey
colour, hard and difficult to dicf«, unlefs (let ped fiir
ten or twelve hours beforehand iji warm water. Hut
as they grow wilil, the ncpros make a ftiift with
them J .-ind, prihaps, like them better than thofe
which would coft them more trouble in the cultiva-
tion. One thing extraordinary in this plant is, that
the different kinds of flowers it bears arc placed
alternately on each fide of the ftalk.

»« The abclmofti, otherwifc called the muftc-gralr,
or ambrctte, urows plentifully and without culture,
in (5alam. The negros make no iife of it. Even
their women, who love perfumes, and are very fond
of cloves, packets of which they hang icuml their
neck, yet neglcd thofe feeds (perhaps only bccaufe
no rarity) though they yield a ftiong mulky fincll and

VCIJf

ipy.]

COASTS AND ISLANDS OF AFRICA.

It fix

thcj

the

.in

lue i

;irlv

ife

atid

ittlff

i on

our

CO J,

vera I

I pea
tiie

py
for
Kilt
t'ith
hofe
iva-
that
iccJ

nip,

II r>',
111

und

III if
I life

cry

very agretaWf, if rubhod prnlly. It is true, tliis
odour goes off, but it is caly to renew it wiih frclh
feeds, and at no cxpence. But cloves, which arc a
gooil commodity here, would be ufclcf<, if they
fnould take it in thcii heads t(i life their alKl-mofli.
When this pl.int enjoys a rich foil, it grows to the
height of fix or Icvcn feet, provided it meets a tree
totupport it ; for then it furrounds and falUns to it :
if not, it falls and creeps along the ground till it
reaches the height of about two feet, its (talk is
round, downy and white, tender and covered with
flcndcr fprigs. The leaves an: much like thofe of
mallows : they grow in pairs, but unctiiial j thofc on
the upjwr lide : being {.irger than on the under.
Thefe leaves are fcolloptd, .ind yellow in.lenture'^,
though not dci-n, yet form fliarp angle', which makes
them look as if prickleil. They are flabby and thick
of a bright green on the outfidc, and poles underneath.
They fay thefe leaves, boiled in water, and formed
into a cataplafm, arc an excellent remedy fjr tumours,
which they ripen and break in a Ihort time. They
are alfo fovcrcign for contufions and fprains. They
are faflened to long flalks almoft triangular, and very
hairy, )rm the roots of which fpring the flowers.
Thefe arc compoled of five leaves, round ut the ends,
which form a wide calix. The outfide of them is of
a bright gold colour, the infidc purple. From the
bottom of the calix rife fevoral Ismail ftaniin.i, and
a whitifh piftil, whirh changes into a pyrndimal fruit
with five aivjles 1 which is firft of a pale green, then
becomes brown, and when ripe, is aliroft black.
This fruit contains fcveral finall grry feed«, flirtilh on
one lide, of the fhap? of a ki.lney, and cf an aromn-
tic, ^mbcr fnr. 11, agreeable to thofc v.ho love p^r
fumes.

To rct'i'n to the Siiur firu". — It'- had rPL-eived
fiieh co;n;'l iir-.ls at Fort St. Lnuis of the co'itiivia!
infults t'l c "pany's f rv.;ii!s oIKred tlirrc iV.'ni
one n.iilirl, a eiit to l"onra Ni.inia, both hv for-
bid iii.;; ti..dc, and oiU'rwift, in o' I'-r to obli^^e ilu
ficK'ry to raft liis duiies as lii'^h as tliof> paid to th ■
(irr.t'c, o: to farce them to quit the c'xiutrv : 'hit
at lal!, July th • 31ft, 171S, he thought tit to fend tlu'
Sieur (Jli.irlrf, i;ovcriior of the fort, dir-e'li ms to pro-
vide the place with proper ncceflaries for its defciiee,
and then to p;ini(li Ha<lel r -oroufly ; not only by
burning his village, but alfo l<:i/,ing hinifclf, wivis
and children, if he found an opportunity. It was
likewifc ordned, in ci(c Toiica Niama toi k hi
af>ent"s part, inftead of ciirrecting him, and refuled to
rcdrefs the company's wrongs, that he fhould caufe
the bacerris (or chief men) to dcpofc him, and get a
new king chol'en more agreeable to the company.
'J'hefc orders, which were purpofely not kept fecret,
alarmed the king, his alcair, and the bacerris, fo that
they dropped their demands, and at once became ex-
tremely obliging; only wanting a favourable oppor-
tunity to (hew tneir refentment, and things remained
on this footing till the year 1727, when the alcair,
with the bac.rris of Mancanct, fiipported by Tonca
Niama,^ recommended ill ufage, and carried mat-
ters to far that a fadtor returning from trading was
murdered. As the governor, the Sicur Charpentier,
was not in a condition imtneJiatcly to revenge the
injury, he thought prop°r to wait till the floods had
brought the barks from fort St. I,oiiis. As foon as
they arrived, th? Sicur Charpentier having all'emblcd
all his forces, attacked the village of Mancanct in
December the fame year, beat in open field the ne-
gros who had taken up arms, killing near fixty,
wounded double the number, and made 400 flaves.
After whieh, plundering the village, he burnt it, and
carried off all the rattle.

Tonca Niama and his bncccris were now obliged
fo fue for inercy. For this end they employed the
Marhuts of Mramancr, and the chief negro mcr-
rhints. fiiipd^ to the French, to mediate a peace,
'I'hc Siiiir C'harp"nti' r ItifTered himfelf to l>c loni»
intrealed, and in the mean time fent down his flaves
and bootv bv l).< lark ; to fort St. Louis. After this

4<?

he yielded to the folicitaiions of the mnrbut*. The
king difowned the proceedings of the bacetris; and
thefe having acknnwdtdged their fault, and 1" L'gid
pardon, owned themlilves fubjeitls to the FmikIi
compaiiv, to whom they pi-mifed obcdien.-e. Thu
treaty wa< fworn to on both f-Jis with the ufual lo-
lemnitirs."

The S' 'ir Krue having been recalled to France
foon after the lol's of the fort at Dranianet in i"C"2,
as hi fore related, feviral of ihe fuiitor. ivaile a merit
of writing to the company their liiiiiiii' iit> enucirn-
ing a proper place tor building a fuit. D liVrent
npiniotis held thcni long in fufpenee : fome pr(]'r>fid
1 lidding it at the mouth of the river F.d' me, in the
.Sfiiaga, which adiiee leemtd reafonahk ' m u^h, if it
li d been pollilile tTcxctiite it ; 0'her» wen f,.i Man-
eaii' t, but did not forefee the ill coi.l' r|in nc-s of
I'ettUng amcng a fi'.Lliou', tuibiiknt p" pie ; oih-i-s
reeommended the ifle of Cav_-nii ; .ifd tne &;eiir Hiue
iikcd ihe place well enough, |roiui'd there nad \'C'n
aiioi'ier fettlemint nearer llie F..l..me, proper to aip-
port the r(l>, av was that of Oram?!''.' ; and thit the
trade would bear the ixpenee (.' thefe two laC>ories,
which could not be known under a tri;'l of foii.c
vears.

The Fr-re Aj^ollinavie bavinp; br^n eonfiilted as .i
perfon bi'hol ■ Aj'ttience and pmbity, (ierljre't, "that
a better pl.;C'' could not hr rhcjfui ihin Dr.iinanft ;
firft, b.caii!; there was p'eiit;, ot .ill fort- of pn vi-
fion', a pi.ttcr of great iniportanie, as '.veil for the
fiippivt of the conipany's firvpnt^ as of the flaves,
till ;he barl-s nriivrd to carry th-ni down the liver.
SiTondlv, h-c -life thcv wr iild al•.•.■nv^ Ic fure of an
idi aiitTg^'ou? r;ad'' .H thit place with the .M.indin.^o
M rbuts; ard ilii'^ht, the year round, lir^ific for a?
much g' I.I, ivo'v M'.l flive*, as thev had ore.if'i 11
frr, provided the fulorv was fuppliod with gocd,
.ird ihif th- cl-.ief fVCt'ir, as well a* .hole under him,
were wife and jurt men ; (o tliat (Miire.i and ether
ii-L*ro mciehiiu- tr.lght find, et their h.:n;!<, I lie fame
eivililv which they recci-d from the Liiglifh at the
river (i.imbra, in order to induce them to transfer
that trafTie thither. Thirdly, 'hat .'.lihough the Sara-
eolez ;.t Cavgnu were d.Tirou'i ot the Krcnch fettling
'.mong them, yet as they were naturally evil-minde
and turbulent, and their chiif poor and greedy, it would
be ditFicult to get out of their hands in crde of a rup-
ture. Fourthly, that indeed tr.ide might be carried on
at Cavgnu in fome better fort th..n at Dramsnct, be-
caufe the carav,:ns fiom R.imbara cana flop there, and
the negro merch.ints would be plad to be favid the
trouble of carrying their gold and ivory to Ihe Gam-
bra. Fifthly, that therefore till fuch time as the fet-
tlenient at Dranianet fhculd be in a condition to fup-
port the charges of a faiStory at Cavgnu, the trade of
this 1 ift place might be preferved and enlarged, by
fending barks thither at fuch times as the merchants
were on the road. Sixthly, that it would be eafier to
fupport a fctilrinent at Dramanet thun at Cavgnu, by
rcafon of a fcarcity of provif'.ons, ouinj to the floth
of the Saracolt-/. ; fo tliat it would be neceflary to
have a fettlement at the tirfl place, in order to fupply
the latter."

It iniifV farther be obfcrv-d, th.-.t wbi-n the river is
at the lowcit, there Is alwavs a channel before Dra-
manet, half a league in length, with fix or feven feet
water, which is fufficient for barks ; whereas the ri-
ver being too broad at Cavgnu, there was fcarce \v»-
ter enough for a canoe. It is ablolutely neccfTary f«,
the F'rench, if they would clofely purfue the trade to
Bambuk and the gold mines, to have two or three for-
tified pofts oil the river of Falcme, particularly at
Cavgnu.

This place ftands very advantagcoufly, and be-
longs to a |)eoplc who are friends to the French. It
is but eighteen or io leagues from Dramnnet by land,
and litTlc more by «ater. Accordingly a fort called
St. Heter, was afterwards raifcd here, as has been al'
ready mentioned.

The Sicur Courb*, who in jyci, fucceeding ttie

Sicur

ing
Jed

464

Voyages to the

[•7*5

Siciir Hnicin thedirriflii'ii, followed the plan he l.iiil ] agiinft this projeiSV, fo that it was dropped. The
down, .ukI u led all Ins intirull wilh tlu- eoiiip.iiiy (o , Sicur Uiue, at h\i return in 1714, rcfumeJ hi< ap-

makL this rciilcmrnt a( C i);4nu t but he was recalled
bclori he cuuM get their coiUuMl i .iiid theSictii iMuf-
tcllivr, who luccccdLd him in 1710, wrote violently

plication, but never could bring the cuoipany toto
his opinion.

VOYAGES TO THE WESTERN COASTS or AFRICAw

HAVING mentloncJ the French, we fliall now
fpeakoC the Kii:;lilh li-ttlenients 011 the roaft of
Africa, fur trading to which pjrt», Qiiein Kli/.abeth
granted patents in 1 5i>.*, "'» the |Mriicular application
of foiiie merchant adventuicrs. King Janie>, in the
lOlh year uf his rei^ii, ^rallied a ii.'W clurtir, under
the great feal to Sir Rolxa Rnii, aiul othrr ciiizcns of
London, as a body imporau, with ancxciutivc power
dirtircnl from all oiiieis j but ihty were in iiiuch in-
jured III thtii trade by iiitcrlupt:ii, thai ilicy wcreibon
grc.uly tirol of it.

Kin^ ChaiUs the Firfl, in his ;th year, granted a
new chaitcf to Nithul.. . Ciu,., Humphry blaneyand
company, of ilie la.ue Ivoj>j with the lurmer. In
1651, this ;;raiii wa.. rei>cw J, and coiihrin>.d to Row-
land Willon and otlKr>, by tiie conimonwtalili ol
En^;laiid ; biit during; the confufion of that time, the
Diileh and Danes looK the oppuituriiiy <f inciealiiii;
their llrcMj;th on this coall j fo that the Alriiaii com-
pany, bctlilfs the lofs ol their poUiiri.ins, funk, ihiir
Hoc I;, and even the private tradei v, in Ihips and j;oods
taken, were- fuftercrs to the value ot jcr.oco pounds.
The p.Tl'jm-TMt, on this reprefentatioii, in lt)(>4, ciiiic
to a r.-i'-Kiiiiin tn adJufstlie king to take l.nu- etiic-
tiial me'.hoil of fupporting the Allien tr...!e, aiitl
checking tlie infoKnce of the Dutch. Hu; tlu king's
icmonll.ancc had no cHVlT, which was .Hiigmil as cue
rrafon of ihetiid Dutch war in rt;64. In the mtan
time, th(j2. King Charles the Second had granted to
a new company a charter of incorporation, by the
title of Ihe Company of Royal Advcntuieis of Eng-
land tr.Jin/. to Alriea i alfigning for the limits of
their trade, from the ftreights m )uth to the Cape ot
Good Hope. This company being juft in its in-
fancy when the war broke out, futfeu J greatly from
the depredations of de Ruyter, who, with the Dalch
fleet, took Cormrnti.i raiile, and Tacoravy fort, and
Irizcd the company's vclltls and ciTccts, to the value
of 20C,cccl.

The company, however, fliU kept their footing
in Africa; and by the thiid aiticle of th^- treaty of
Breda, in 1667, each tide was to Ik tcllored to the
places they held bctorc the war ; but as their affairs
were in a declining condition, ihey agretii, in conli-
dcration of a certain fiim, to (urtender llie^r chaitcr
to the crown ; and the kin;:, by litters patent under
the great Teal, dated September the 27ih, 1672, clla-
bliflied llic prcfent Royal African Company <it Kng-
land i granting them, as the bounds ot their con-
ccflion, from the port of Sallct in South Uarbary, to
the Cane of CJood Hope. F hough this conipjny be-
gan with a fmall (lock, they exerted themlelves fo ef-
fectually, that they greatly relKiied the face of the
Englifli trade on thcfe coafts ; inlarging Cape Corfe
Caftlc (the onl\ fori the old company hnJ left, and
which they purchafed for ^4,o^c pounu) and build-
ing forts at Acra, Dixco.i, Wun-.baco, Succand,
Commcnda, and Annamaboo, >1I 0:1 the ^nld coalis,
and three of them within mufijuct-fliot of ihe Dutch
forts. They alfo purchafed K: ilrirkiburg fort
from the Danes, built a new fort at \\ hi^ah, and
met vvith great fuccefs in the cxlciifiuii ol iht.ir com-
merce.

On tite rrorthfrn coafl^, in 167^, the Dutch
Well Indian company pollellcd theforli of Atgiiinei
the l-'reiich held the fort of St. Louis, at the n.oiiihof
the Senaga i and the Englilb St. James's forr, on the
Ganibra, and a fmall one at Sicira Lcona, the trade
ot the coall being free to all the three nations, fiom
Cape Blanco to Cape de Monte. In 1677, th*. 1- rench
dilpoAefled the Dutch of Ai^uine and Uurec ; \vhi<h
places being yielded to the French Senaga cumpan]^
by the peace ol Nimcj'ucn, they began to form pre-
tenfions of an cxclulive trade t>n this coafl, feixin;^
and conAfcating the Fonuguefo, Dutch, and Bran-
denDurgh fliips, and interrupting all the Eiigblh
trade.

S.Kin after the revolution, began the interloping
trade of feparate peifons on this coall, which hrI|Ha
not a little to prejudice the company's alfaiis. Thefe,
befiJe.i th-'ir liiiiller tralKc, lowering the price r.f Ku-
rojcan .i;oi>ds, and railing thofc of the cc untry,
b(ou.;lit the company fo low, that they were forced to
apply to parliament for relict ; but the prevailing <ipi-
ii'on being then in favour of a fne trade, the pariia-
meiit in 1697, was imlueed to make tiie ex|<crinient
of laving open the trade lor the fpace of i^ years to
all adventurers, on their paying a duty of ten per cent,
to the company, towanls dehaving the cl.aiges c:f
ilirir forts and callles, for ti'.c defence and pn ferv.i-
tion of the trade. From this time their inteicft began
lifihly to decline. In j-co th'.y laid a memorial be-
fore the parliament, to (hew the puj'ulice they fiif-
fered by the fiparate traders on the Ciambra ; and in
1705, entered into a treaty of neutrality with the
I'leiieh company, for their fettlemtnts on this ce.iil
between Cape de Verde, and Sierra Lcona.

For the better fupport of the F" rench Aiiican tiaiic,
the king allowed the India company of i'aris, an ex-
emption from all duties for mereliandife exported to
Africa, and to the Dutch iflaiuls and colonics to Ame-
rica 1 aiiexempticjn from half the cufloms of all the
jO)ds and mercha.idife imported from Aliica, aiij
from half the cuftomsof all fugars and other mtrchan-
dile imported from the French iflands and colonies iu
America, being the produce of the file of negros
there. Likcwi e an exemption from all tolls of any
kind of goods.and merchandife in France; a bounty
of 20 livers, for every eight ounces of gold duit
brou;;ht into France.

The States (icneral llkewifc grant their African
coinpiny gieai privileges an '• immunities. As to the
Kn^lilh, they have at prcfent on the wcftcra coall of
.Africa, only one fortified fettUmcnt, vi/,. St. J inics'*
Fort, wilhri the itiouth of the Gambra, ••n which
depend feveial factories up that river. 'I'heyhidone
III! lately at Beiifa ill.ind, and Sierra Leona river, but
the fadory wai withdrawn before the fame vcar,
1728. ^

I he Giimbra enters the ocean on the weft cor.ft of
.\frica, between Cape Verde and Cape Roxo, oT
to f|)eak more exaflly, between Cape St. Marv's oa
the South, and the Broken Iflaiidj on the North.
The breadth of the river, or dlftancc between the
Hioken Ifles and Cape St. Mary's ii fix league?,
rhcl'e iflet are furroundeJ with a bank of fond, whxh
7 cxteiid»

i-m-]

c o A s T s A N n I s r. A N n s of* a r n i c a.

iCj

tiaiic,
III cx-
;eJ to
Aiiif-
tlie
.1, anil
han-

unic^ iu
nci;ro»
>f any
bounty

>ta dull

African
to ihc
coill of

which
id one

cr, but
year,

co.-.(V of
x<s or
rv'"" on
North,
cm the
leagues,

wlKch

cxtcud*

cxtcsi<lk tn the rivrr S.iltini, nr Bnrl'jli, ami of wliirh I
ihc Ibuth piiiiu, called tur Ri-I Hi.l-, iuii< mit tv >
lcii|;ii>( inni ihc fca. I'inm luc liuiih ri<>c llntolics
unoilirr f.imi, opp lite H.mvon (Miiiii, wluiCc lli.iiir
hill ^ivrn It thr^ n..iiio ot itiv U.iiiyoi.''. H.-il. \ '.\^
Ihoal li.is but .1 tAihiini or a Ijth.im and a li.ilt w.itir,
With fevii.ll poi.it> o< r > «*, i>i\ whii'i in- Ira l'".its
fo an to niaki- th 111 vi;ii)lc at a i;rrat diltai.i'. It !«
hy thcfi- mi;k-, and tihlv tries on the p"in' of Capf
St. \1 ir)'$, that onv: knows the mouth of thi rlvir in
coiniii;^ from fca.

Tlu'v Kckon from the Broken Ifles to Ch.irle< Idi-,
ten Ic.iguc* J t'loiTi thence to t!v, point oi L.'ia-i, or
Le Maine, two Ic i ; i-.'< ; to Alhroda two; and Ir in
Albrcda to Jiliiay, ojipofitc to tin- Liij^liiii Tort, halt
» league. In cntciinj; the river on tlu' let' or north
/idc, there is t point on wliieh is a tuft of tt ■ >, oiu
jpuch bi';i;ir and h.'jjier I'an the relt, winch th y
, call ,he p.inlinn of the king of Haira. •' The Kn;.'Ii;Ii,
who, fays Lili.it, treat with rrogance natioiu nun h
fuperior to the ne;r», h ive t^Kipeil lii low as to I"'-
lute thii I ind-iiurk or pntciulcJ pavilion ; x< Inch '. ^
fo exalted this petty nij-ro prince, ili;it he cxni't-.
refpedt from al! l!iip% uhith enter the river, of ivh.it-
evcr nation i aiRl if they r-fufe it, forbids iheii lr;.ie,
and does them all the mifchicf he can. The domi-
nions of this i nncc aie sIhuii eiyhrten lea Mies from
ca(V to wdt, on the north fide of i!"- Ci.ir '•.", Iv. iiii,
bounded hv lliis rivir, .ir.J liiai of Jannc, n one oi
the brjiK[ii.s or mou.hs of the river of Salum, or
Barlali."

1 he Gambra is coiifidertiMv broad liei ', being near
three le.i^ues J and, for fifty Ica2;ucs higher, at Jr ir.
It is reckoned a li-sgu" Vi lad, anil is naviaable lo that
place for a ftiip ol fotv j^uns and ih "e hundred tons.
A vcil'el of one nundi, i an' !'.|- ■ tms ovjy tail toi,
within a little ol ilarracunda, «lin.h is five hiindreil
miles from the mouth. The tide runs no fo far in the
dry fe.ifon, that is, from Deei,..ber t.i J'lne or Juiy :
the reft of the yar the river is iiupifl'iSTe, on .cci'unt
of the floods, wiiich the rainy feafons bring dimn.
Th'fe andcr tht llreaoi to vi dent, that there is no
{lemming it with a fair wind ; andbefid's, it is iin-
poflible to tow the barks ; hceaufc the banks being
under water, there is na footing for the men to go
on fltore. The (lan'i.a, in this [viint, differs from
the Stiiaga, where t'u- navigation is heft in thy wet
fcaliin ; there bcini; then water enoui;h to pjfs the
flioals and rocks, which interrupt the barks in the
dry leafon.

The right courfe into this river, when the entrance
Is open, is to ftcer lor the point of Barra in five cr

fix fathoms, till you bring it to bear louth-caft.

All fttips that enter the river, as well n^ the Englifti,
fire thriT guns, by way of ialu:r, to a tall, thick tree,
calletl, 'fhe king of Barra's ftand.ird ; and the fame
•hey do Roing out. At each tnie they pay a bar of
iron to the kini; or his officers, for the duty of an-
chorage. The river, in its w:y from Contori to the
ocean has many windings, •Ipecially from Cantor,
and is much deeper than the S -nga, and the channel
broade'-; but the tide, or current, Icfs rapid. Yet
the Gambra carries fiich a fiefti into the fca with it,
as is vifible eight or ten leagues from fhorc. The
tide flows up as far as Barracunda, where dreadful
falls obftrutti the pallage of Ihips i but (loops may
run u]> two liundted leauties. The banks on both
fides are low, and interfe>ited with many rivulets,
which the floods run into. The channel, about the
creek of Ji(;ra, is from four to five fathoms deep,
near four Imall ifl.nv's oppofite to it.

Jamrs ifland beinp nothing but a fort of flat rock,
without any creeks or proper places for careening,
the Englifli do this up the river of Blov; or Bintan,
on the foutH of Ciamhia, oppofite the fort, at a place
called Bloc j the refidence of a prince who ftilts him-
kU emperor of Grand Cantor, and is always at war
with the kini; of H.ir. 1 he Freneh fay the river of
Blm meets with thatof Cuo bo, which is fjme leagues
to the weft of it, making an lUand where they join i

Vot. I. No. 40.

and that to the weft "f Cuni'io th.rc is anothir final!
iver calle.l Rio llr.i, [to.

Th- vi! .!ge <:l Hant.i is on the f.tme river of '''i:c«
n ir its eiiir.iim. ir'o 'li^' Ij. pi' ra, and is tributary
to tlie kin;.:, orenipeiur cf C nlnr. The l.iii^ of
Har, iifii!i< liimc p rt of the vcjr, ;,l Ih loiMi n vil-
1 i';e ot Har, fvid to be on ■. e nonli point of (.i.inibraj
ii'-ar iIk 1,1. 1 ty Trie, call.'d by il"- l'<~r in^tuli., Ar-
vora dti Matci, or. The l.iiul-.Mark Tiie ; wlrcU
ferves as a i;('od iliieclien to the Kuiope:'n fliip*
Umi.t'; in or out of the laid rivir. At utlier lin.ts the
kiiiL' prcfide- at th • town of .Anna It.r, fi ii;J ;liait
a uiile f ither up the lai.d in a v.ood. K..:mi t'lis
vill;ige of B.r to ;l'.e K 'ft, e! r^; thi b.uiks of ;htf
(1 inibra, ur' th..- vill.i,j s ot Giijioii,' Bii'ii'.culon, ;-.iiJ
I. nil. I, alnioll oppilite to the If'i' if lJ><vs ) aiul
fonKwhat to the call of thu-.i, th.'ie of A'' r o.i .itul
Ji'l'iVi where tin- l^ii^lilli ami i''ieiuhhavc their
I • .riev, anil the Portiigueli.-, at the lalt.T, a poor
little church.

The lo.iiie of t'l'' 0;'n:bv.i is iincert.iin. Tiiii
rep 'rts and coniMliirs have bun ..s many and va-
rious as tlinf .vhith regard the N .^cr, ot w!i.i:h it
is by inoft nuiliois reckoned a br iicli, as li.iih Ikcii
already obf. ived.

The Kni^lilli have, from time to time, enJi avriin cl
t> dilVover t'le o.igin of Ciaiiihr.i, but tiiiy could
never obtain any certain account 1" yond the falls of
B.iiracunda, .linMit 560 nuKs lioin its nn'sitli ;
;i >niblv for the f.ime lenlons that ha\e hiiiiKud the
r reiKh from pi'netratirt;.^ on the.'iinjua biyond ili'j
roek (i).iiia. One captain 'I'hoinpfun, ;!nd aftir
him Jobfon, abjut 1618, afetr.ded the tivir 120
leagues above Hairacuiida ; Veriuuyikn :ii.n ither5,
about the brginntnj; of kin" CI'^rKs the lld\. r.iL'.M<
went almoft lis far i C':ipt. in StM-;, in i;2.(, uei;:
twen'y i.ai^ues beyond thit ph.c.- ; .t:i.1, in 17 J3., tl.c
African company Iv '11.; defitinis to know luiv/ fu the
Gambra ws navii^.ible, as wll as to opci new
branches of trade up the river, fent over fn-.all lluops
ill frames for dlfeovcriis. Mr. Tl.nnias Unir lon<
one of their chief merchnnts, lit out t'rcm St. J imes's
Fort in a floop for that purjiole, itil returned iVotrt
that Voy.i;.;' the tenth of Jiine I 7;.2. On ex.m na-
tion of the matter, Mr. i\!ooir, our authm-, liiiiil
that llarrifen liimfeM' did not (;o above I'atateiul. «
but lent the Hoop's bont on the dileovi -y, v. ith Mr. •

J[ohn Leach ; wlio, 2.'. lia^ncs fi^m ;h.-iice, found a
ed^e of l.;lilo rocks which liemei! to crofs the river.
This joined to his bi'^iniiinp; to want pir.v;llon«, and
undergoing feveral lian'ftiips c.l.'ig'J h ni to return
without fcckiiv; a p^H'.ijjie. It is faid, how-
ever, that by the tradition of the nativff, the river is
pafl'.ihle a great way farih r up, to foir.e lar!;c lakes.
f'his is all we have upon the authiiitycf the ntijrois.
It appears indeed, that in this vaft t gion there are
many t'ountalns, matllus, lakes or broi:k>^, vhii.lt
difeharge tliemf<lves cither into the N;;;er, or the ri-
vers which flow into it, ,is may be gailiered fr-m tin
countries being fo well peopled; a proof of which ii
the great number of flaves from the iiil:ini!-uirts m
the coaft, bcfules thofc brought in by w;ir^n 1 other
accidents.

The countries of fcveral negro prlree<; who nfiuinr
the title of king; lie on the north and fouih fides of
the Gambra, the firft on the niirt'..,rn fide is B:,rra,
The king of whicti is of the M.m liiij,o rate, and i>
tributary to the king ofllarfill. In thi- kngiii.n-,
about fix lear-'cs from the (la, i» Cliarie- III.-, with-ii
a mul'quct iliot of Barra fiiore ; oil vvhii i'. fcrir.crlv
the Knglifli had a fort, now in ruin-. 'I !.^r- r-re two
(hoals of fand and rocks in the v'w.'v on the B;,rra fide,
one at LeMain Point, the other at i';ilr.t .S -aca, tl-.-e
firft about fix miles below James's t'orr, the l.-rer
a little above it. James's illar.d lies oppofite u>
Jilfray ; from which a Ipit, of f:-!id and rocks, runs
a good way to the ncrt';i-ner:h-\veft, ufii;\lly called,.
The Company's Spit. Several traders, pafticulaily
Liverpool (hips, have run a-ground on it, but have
been got off by the company's affiftance, withciic
6 D (lama|{S

4<«

VOYAGES TO THfr

itn

(Ijm^tgc or char;;c ; yd cmild not bo prrvaiU J on ru

^ >t; any wnitcii :ukni>» lal",. iiiuil iif (he lirviti.', *\-
f il.lin.^ liuir owiicri haiJ tiut uid^ivJ chvin tu li^n ui>)
t.t. u thing.

Ou the call, lies tlis country of Djdclu v in this
l.itf, ovcr-a^aiiilt I'jncruvjl, (in liic kiiijjOctin ut
Cii'n, on the 1 JUih I'lIc] is un iliand, pjrtitl univ b)
i' liiull gut ot Water from B<ulclii. The illc iillil lor-
nit. ly to rii(i"ly Jjmoi I'ort with iKmc j but, in 1 7 jj.
Ml. ili!l l.iiiiiU thrni ituiLh nraa-r the Ion. 1 lii
liui,.; ui ItjJJu i> a MinJingii, and hi>c(.untry is io
Icijiu.s .i\ iMint.— Sanjdiiy i> jiixt, though 11 (iitty
kiii.:il»ai, Is inJk'pi.M:'ciit. I'lic prince it a M;iii-
ilin^o, and hi!i liuniniuils extend luui Ibajjuib alulig
thi- liver.

i lie kin,r.loni of Rn fall is adjacent, poircrncd by a
lalot |v'iiu\. ' Tliib country b.giiii at the lia, where
i!i'. ri.a ot iiK' lame name eiii.'isi and, lurroiindiiig the
th!cc kir.;i!oni^ oi liatra, Colai, and lladclu, ixi^iidi
Ijr I ;, l.j_.;in.-. JiK^ii;; the (.rambr.i. — Joar, a town ot
'.liar tr:nk', lie. in Unlali, about tMuniiles from the
liieri thi mad on which li''<, one mileuicr a pica-
I .at lavannali, and th; otlwr aloni; .1 n.irrnw ciccic, Co
Ccwer, tJu- p irt .11 it. I'lie Icpaiatc traders g.-iicrally
'. iii^ U|i III trad, h.u, .it ;i pLici. cillcd Rumb,/!. Point,
..hill' tliiee iiillt.s iline J Mr, and the I'aiiic ilillaiue
Hull Cov, :r i wh:ch l.il'( h is tiie greater retort of
pi ijilc, .;..J iheiiioil ii.Ji'oi .\ny town in llic wlule
.l.vf.

U.-yonJ til- co'intry of {'..irlali, i« the kinsdom of
Yaiii, Aliioh is '.ira.' anJ widcj and divided into tivo
i;art«, oi.i: c ll.d I. ppcr, .uid iht other lAiwir Y.ini :
':ivh .,ovrii'i d by aiiiliinct kinj, the one a Jalol", the
o:hcr a .' l.iiii'.n_;ii. Oil ih.- ihore of thi.s kingdom
lies IJiiJ llli', ..bout twelve l.a.;ut'» above J)ar, in
ivliiili ihcre i> Ic ircily .i iri'f, but it leem.s niaifhy
t;iui.nd. I hirty leagiien above this ille, near the I'ami
Ihoro, is a nuanrcius clulter of ifles, called liappo :
xiinc cf lli-m putty \Mgc, but not inhabited. Oncol
them is called l.e Main Ilk, about four lca;;uet in
l<ngth, oil which arc great numbers of wiliI IwaUs and
palni tri-xs, which brings the natives often hcic to get
palm wine, and tu hunt.

Above Y.ini-marew, is tlic river S.uni, which riles
a \all \r:iy inland. It .ibnunds in crocodilv.s and is
fiid to part Lovvsr from Upper Yani. It cnterv the
Gambra, between Druckor and Yamyamacuiida.
Thiic two kingdoms reach about eighty Iciguct a.opg
ific river, .ind the next to ihem is Woolli, (or W'al-
li, (ihioiigh which countiy the merchants aic obliged
•y pus ill ilieir way to Cower, bc-forc-mentioncd,
\\!iuli I a pori to Joar. 'I'liis country cxtunils a great
^^]v lip the ii\ir; but, at Fatatinda, the river is as
v\ ije a> the Thamr', and is luivigablo for Hoops of
4c tui)>, th.- tidi-S riling there three or four feet high.
U li.'sab^u: 50w miles up tltc Gambra, on the north
hdf.

Thi fiill kiiHi'om we meet with on the fouth fide,
ti^Aards tilc Ka, is Cutnbo. It extends about eleven
Ka^;u'_s !f< m Cape Sr. iViary's, at the entrance of the
Gambra, to a place called C. bata River, noted for
plenty of j,.a:s, towh, and caule. Fonia. is next to
lb;,; it bc^^ins ul.cre ih<; river of Cabata (Ma into
tiic Gambia, and readies to that of Vintaiti, which
It ;.iioiit ll:veii Kauues along (he river fide, but inland ;
ii is very l-4;e, and govcined by .twociiipi;rors of u
Bj'igor r.-^cr. llacli piincc ha'; his diftimit Jiftrii^ ;:
bill thiir territoiifs ari- much liflt-n'd in extent, n\
W--I1 a.; people, by the 'rcit number of their fubjeinil
f jKI into tlaveiy to 'be Luiopian-, Fonia is bounded
oil !l;e cart by the rivir of Vinl.~in (or 'iiaton) whofu
moitb is ;.hoot a inilc over, and waich is navigable
fjr I . jral l.agncs. 'ihiep le:!;zuo-. from the mouth
liCJtlK.to.vn of tht fame nam'-, fituatid in Foniuj
; i;j .:b.>v.: tii.it, on the 1:1. nc lid: of the river, is J>-
»,),. — Oppoliie Jaaics FjU, near th*: main, ou the
1 ;iith TtJi. 9f ilic river, is an iUaiid, lately tjifcovered
H b; lafl),, c.'.lijJ C-h-)fl\ir llland, (eparalcd from tba
m,.in only 1 y a l.n^t brook. This illanH produces
^'fi-it ^uaniitic& uf'iiopftcijic, witii wbichjamcs Foit.
b.jupiiLieti. ^i ,_.

IJordcriiijj tin to Funia i, C»cn, i«par«»cd only bf »
Vintain liver. It is governed by .tn enipcrnr and «•
king, both Maudiiigo>,. who have their iJiKinCt re- .
venues. lu ilni lonntry lie« Tancroval, a larg»,i
lown, tlofe to the water fi.le. Above that town, about
three leagues, arc a paicel of rucks, at a place, 01 port, (
called Ttndcbas, lying agouJwayout Irom ihefltorvf"
which are dry at low waCir. This countiy cxtciida >
about tweiity-tliicr leagues along the Gambra. baft- <
ward of Caen, is Jagia, laiiiuus ivr labouring people^
and abounding, on ih.it account, with corn antiricttj
'Fo this kiii;;clom, whith extends about la leagues
belongs Flephani Ifle, in the Gambra, four or fiv< <
miles long, woody, and marlliy, '

Yaniina, which is mxl, extends 14 Ivapurs, an4/
then begins Krnpina, u petty kingdom, extending 141
Icaguis farther, where it is bouiulcd by jamarrow.
°Fhis kingJum is governed by a Maiidingo itikpiror^ir
and extends tliiriy-twu leagues along the river, ticns
is a large town, called Brucuc, inhabited by Mandin-.
gos, who arc ItriClM.ihummctans. Half a mile bci
low this town is a ledge of rock<>, dry at low water*
rrathing from the iiuiihern fhote, five parts in fix, a-
crofs the river, and leave fo narrow a channel uiMler-.
the fouth Hiorc as makes it dangerous for large fliipa •
tu |ufs it i fo that the company's floops are obliged to.-
take the opportunity of flack water to i;o through thi«
ylacc, vtHucli is called Fulis-Pafs, In this cinpirf, ■
nine miles higher, near a town tailed Dubacunda, ia
another parcT of rocks, which reach from the tuuth •
fide two-tbirds a-ciols ; and three miles yet higher^;
anoiUcr chain of roi.k>, Ui°y At low water; but there
is a deep < bannel on the noilh fide.

Tum.ini, which is n.-xt to ihi-, is a I«rp;c rnuntrv,
fuller of towns than i:ny on the liveri Here is the fmall '
town called ^'amy.nu.K iiiid.i, ivhero ihrre is a aoii>'
lldcable trad.: I^t d.y go.)d!, A litlle below this town,,,
about mid-channel, are hmie rocks, but never dry^r
.iiid oppolitc the f.i,.toi , o:l thr north fide thciiver, -
about half a mite. Is .1 llfiidin^ lake about two mile* ;
long, ttbounding in tilli. Ihts countiy ex.teiids iilunt' -
the liver for the dillancc of tvventy-lix leaguer, anfl
ii governed by a iMandingo prince. o

Cantor begins beyond I'onuni, on the fouth fide of..
the river below Fataienda, is Colar, about 500 milct.,'
from CapK S. Mary's, to the foutbwaid of Gambra
liver.

The conn*! i'S on both fides were originally divided '
into feveral fm.,U kingdoms, fubjed to three greater* >
Thofe on the fouth fide were lubjeft to the king of'.
Cantor; thole on the north, tu the kings of Barfali
and Woollv.

Fort James is the fir (t and principal place of ftrengtb ''
in thcfc parts, belonging to the Englilh. It i&fitaate/(
on an iflaitd of the lame napie, which iiuirely coni-'>
n>aitJs the trade of the river. The feconi) is near thoi
(ianibra, on the river Cabata, in theitingdom oft
Cumlto, on the fouth fide. JiUitVcc [or Jilfray] li««-;
Oppolite to Jaines's Foit, on the north 0dc. 'I'll* 1
t-ompany have .1 burial grnund here, and txiy the cul^ 1
tom.s tu the king of Uarrah., — Vintaio faUory lies fini.
leagues from the fort of Fotiia, on the fouth fide of
the Gambra, where the chief tradq is for wax^ ivory, .
and dry goods. On the fame rivor, higher up, lie».'.

irreja. I'liis fadlory is about 14 leigucs dilUuc Iroin 1
ames's Fort, and chiefly furniflvid with dry goods, in :
order to purchafc wax, which however is oif * very in- 1
difi'erent quality. .1

:, In (he yc.-ir 17J0, Colpr faAory was fettled on, IKi
rivet of the Cime name, iiv the kingdom of Dprrah, oia ,
the north fide of the Gambra. Still higher oil' the 1
fouth fide in the kinj^om of Kaen [.or Caen] litt
Taiicroval, a l«rge town whcio the company luve »>,,
faflory, the tradv of which is chiefly for berB :WI»im 1
Prpccc'ding up.tbe riveron the noitb fidcf is thc'kiiig*^
jopi of BarlaiiaiWlticltjiw have; iMticed lies near Jimp, .
iud.^hrec milus to tlm caftwanl, is Cower, whiuh it,)
the, chief place for . trad^e. (t ha« ,two ports on th»<r
^ivcr. I'hcrc isaiai^ory heri;; and the ncM. is M.T
V.-m^mar(nv C'^fbcjfjf>gil9ni <)f fcower Yani) wWro.j
'■ ■ ' " . '.. ''. ..,i.il

l^ajj

Coasts- and isLANDii of africa

I and

i» a black faiftor, in oiJcr to purchiA; curn fdr Jjmck'<
fori.

. Near the north fide of Gjiphra* i- Cutfcjar. Tbi>
fctilcintiii hciii^ovcrflowiJ ini725i ihucuutp.my ni-
muvcU tu Svriii. On the luuthliiic oC ilia rivvr, U-
joiij this, 111 the Iciiigilom uf I'om^iiiii lie* ihc f,ic-
tury of VaiiiyaiTUi'uiiJa, whi(;h \*a8 tleltroyvd by tlic
flootlt ill I7JJ, but alwrwardt rebuilt by the cuni-

At tlicfe lift place*! the chief irndc carnril on is
for elephant'^ teeth, and llavci. . Thv Iij^hill f^c,l<>ry
on the Gambra it K.itatcnda, i|V the . kin)(dwn >tl'
Woolli, which hat aj> cx^enlivc and plcaljiit prot-
peifk uf the river, and uf the cMUittry of C^ofpr, mi
ihe Ibuth fide, but, the fadtorie;) berg |I4<4>V^ l^e^'i> ill
iifed by the king uf 'I'unuiii, \b/t coiiip-uiy withdrew
ihit f<tOen>ent,in j;^. , , . ,

James'!. il1.md, wUicji h'.'lo^j'i to the Afiii;-in
Company, lies alpri'ill in ilie middle ol the |ivi;i A'-inx-
bra, which is here leveii luiliui, wide, ^t i>,^n leagues
fioin the , rival's innuih, und thrcf miles/iaiD thp
nearcft ftiore. At low water, it is about ]tl)rec «|uarr
tersof a mile in circumference, iipoi\ wbtsh there i».a
fquare furt of ftonc already built, with four b.inion<,
and upon each arc fivcn eunoiis well muuiiteJ, bc-
fidcs batteries which comm.irKl t!ic rinr. Thi-re are
(Sme good aoiirtmeiits in thj tjirt, jri ulrchihetio-
VCTBors, diicf merchants,'^ fiiWir?, ■KnicrT^ aiid rn-
fign, &c. Under fome (if thile .ire conviiiu iit Ihire-
houfci. The whole is fill tilieil wiili pallirjilne-i, and
furrounded with the river. 'I'liere arc alfu barracks
fortfitf ftildiers, and othcru f ir<he ferv^nts. Umkr-
neath thtfc ftonhoufes, and under thole of the fol-
dicrs, arc the llave-lioiifcs. In theday there arc ^hre^
ccntries, one at the ij.itc of the foit, <me at the door
of the public room, and another who Wiilkv rouiul
the fott to fee what boats come to, and po from the
ifland, i>f which thvy uMku :biepnij( to, the goveraor.
Tliii fort W4& fj.n erii£f<d by Sir Rgbi-rt Hu'mes,
about the year 1664, as u leeuriiy to the tiij^lilli trade
on this coad, who called it Jjiiica's t'urt, 111 honour
of the Duke of York, afterwards James the S.ci.iiJ.
Xhe garrilon cor.filU guierally of 60 or 70 white.-,
and as many Groincttos, or ftcc black),, in ihuconi-
. pany's fervicei
, Thi» fort was firft taken by the French, under M.
lie Gennes, in 1695, with a finall fiiuadrnn of four
fllips, and two boiiib-vcflels,i At the iflc of Gorce,
he received hy an En^Iiflideferter, an account of the
ill condition of the fort, the garrifon bein); fickly,
>nd wanting provifions, which encouraged him to
make the attempt. He entered thcCiambra, July the
32d, with F.iiglifh rolours, and at five in ;hc after-
nooOt anchored within a league of the fort, which
he furrounded fo with his boats, a& to cut oli° ail
communication with th'. Und. The fanx night a
Portuguefe, called Don Carlos, who lived at Jil-
fray, came on board, and iiifornicd \], ^c Gennck of
the (late of the fort, tut. the king of liarrah, to
whom the French commander applied, declined. en-
tering into the quarrel. The iyi, the Sieur ^c In
Roque being fent to fummon the (tarrifonj he Wiis
net 'by a boat, and conducted hiindlold Co the furt,
V'here the lieutenant treiitcd him fplendidly, the.go-
vernor being abfcnt, and letu three Kndiftt oj^rcis
on board who were, indruclcd to demand ^mc days
fejfpiie. This being rcfufed, the ]vi<li'^ '^nt hi"!
word the next morning, that.tjiey would defcml the
place, to the laft e.\tremity.

bombs
the

At e!gli( in the ^veniiia of the 24th, fpnje bo
ing thrown, which fell tt^pxt uf. their, (nark,

rench commander cei^fcd firi^jg^ waitinn^ for.Uw tide
of flood fur ^nchotii^^ , ^ejircr. In <Ike inran tiipe |Lhc
^vernor (cat a flag ol um;e to (^pi^uUte, apd h^f-
faget were ex'-haiigcd till, the ternu« CQuld be.&tttil^,
^bjcb.wcrefigued ti^efnnic day.,,, ■ i- , ■ ' . ■■ /■
, On the X71J1, a* preak of day, M-.Jp '»■ Pariere,
ptyV to.thefaua^rp;;, gave |i9^iv-e.tp,Mr. Hanfcury,
.the ^yef;i^r^ jp ^(eoafc^ 11^ evacuate the place. At
(x in the morning, M. de ront.n.iy, appointed go-

7 "

liernor hy M. d; ( leiines, luinleJ, iiiiJ wa» I'l t U\
Mr. [iaiibiiiy, wliu delivi,rt.d up the keys, .iiid wa-
elflitewd iiu liv>rd the I'vliiitv, one ol It'C ri|U:;dio..
riic V I viicli ll ij., ^v..^ lii.ilkd, ..lid 'f'l- D.'uni fi,i;,«
uii.ler .iflfeliaige of .j; j.uii . I heiie\l il.iv a liemh
oUi.ir Wot lent 10 ihi km^; <.| }J.iii,ili, lo di-ij\'i|,l ih;
ttfuii- i(f ilieLiijilidi at Jiltr«j, but he rt |)lad,'T!i.,t
finec thc,.f^rt was furreiidyfed, what Wiis ci'i <hore U;-
Iwi^fd to h.iiii i but f>.,eiii;4 ih.il .\|. jli- Genni'i wis
about to employ foite, liv fmi ini :i'. .ili 10 tell l.ipj,
he would Lave no difpute, but V'li.M juM up tlir
cQkOtk. I hi .1 reiKh (tepeial ^h.-viiijl dwllrnyij tli'e
furik the //t'l of the l^n.e moi)lli, the Fr. ;'.fh oi-
ficei^ eiiib.ii^eil for C'.i)en«i', v" |,h<^ir wav hi nii-,
and \1. de.Ci. lines ,lef( the UJiiibra ou the /41I1, anil
fuliil 1(11 lUM, ,

The, hIic being rcflored (ly ih^ p-AC;c of Ri'Vir,
the R'>yal Alrie:iii Loiiip.iny liM/k care .^o ribuil.l it,
intending to remount it wiihyo;iun«, and to naiiir
tain a i;.iirifon of j.jg Furop ani.. Hoaivcr, the war
breukinj; out afrefli in 17,132, tluFunch, iliet.i:ii
year, fuupd means to (^iipiife it undiT Ciprain U-
koqiir ill the, Mufine v\ho »^s ui il v taking of it by
M. de (itnnes in lf»)^) .irroniiiiiiiied hy the Sleur d«
St. VanJnlle, in tin i leriiii.ni'j liijatc. Th(.y took
the lort, «hicli tli',') lanforuil lor 100,000 erowii'.,
carl * "'i; "(I 250 flav S, am! a lnr;;c tju.iiiiitv of goods.
Ta''R'oqup'TTiTi1t-Tr'was VIlTed Vn the attrtek. in
170.-), the I'r.iuh made a third aitempt, under M.
Parent?, with a fmall Iqiiidion of f iir Irigatcs, which
look the luit, and a fhip ladtn wilii (laves. A ler
tlii«, it was taken twice by theEnglifti i»iratcs,/.w lici
inli ileil the eo.ift of (Jtiiiiea about 177.O, of which
the fc'llnwing it an acopunt.

'th: firft of thefe aelioiis was pel f irmed by Howard
D.i\l<, who railing from BiiHol with Capiain Skin-
ner in the Cidojan Sm)», was t:ik n in 1719, ncr
Sierra Lc(ii>a, \iy Engjanjl.lhe piir.fK> ,who niiudivd
the captain, and, made pitvi^ a coitijilinunt of vie
ftilp i but fin4iug the majcvity of the crew averse lv»
thed(;(igf\,,lJc^^^s forced l,i}( (\et;r foi: B.Vt'adoc.sJ wh^i^
the cargo w^^confi^ned, aad otf the, informiUion of
the failors, pyt in prii^n,, iitfyic,vcrj as be Ij/tjl' copn-
mittid uu pir.uic^l aH, he Was re)e,ab:i|, ';^id cniploye'tt
by Captain Woo^s Uojjtr^ ip a tr^ijf^'a floop!, yi'hic'^
htini; manned cliiiJIy with pirates, tnry at ^avis*»
mtitiun^ agreed to r,etu^n ,tvi (hcij; o|d courfe^f bVi'-
iivf>, and chofehim for theif caj/tain, ^t fi;(t'hebaif
pretty good fuccefs. Coming to ^t, Ja^o, Ae' chief
town of one of the Cape VerJ i^ands, anif being of-
I'cnJed at thcgovrriior'a fufpciling them to be p,lrates^
he entered the fort, in the night, but jjic Kovcrnor hqld-
iiig out in. his houfc, ■'■; c<ult|rd i^ jkfter doipg the
Portui;u( le great dame , ■ Hence lie failed to the' fir
ver G^ipbrv, in ordci re .fitcmpC St, James's Vprt'^
where he told his m^n, tiu x uas ntways a grCkt dea\
of mf'ncy lodged. This,^ every thing conndcrr^j
was a dc(jieratc c.nterprifc. /The method he took wa*
this,. He <;on9eaUd |iis ipen under deck, except as
many as were requifi(c to work the (hip, fo that thole
from, the fort i^iigUt have no fufpicion. ttc then pii
in clqfe to the fo[t, ani| hoiAed out his boat, v.ith'fix
men in ordinary jackeis, in which l^mfelf, wTth the
mafter a^nd furgfon, drclfed lilje jehtlcmen, went on
(hor;. Being arrived ,at the jandihg pUce, he was
received by a file of mufqueiecfS, and condu(!lcd tb
the fort, ap4 being exanuned by the covctnori he in-
formed hup, he Was froni Liverpool, Tound'to the SlCf
npi^t for gum and tcetl^ but h.ad been chafed on the
coaft by two French rpen of war j ifldiog, that tlieW
carjjo was iron ^nd plate. .The governor told Dayi^
hq wi^uld Ictbim hAve'(f,iycs tt.) the fiill value of ni4
c^gp ; and^dced if he bad any Curo{)can liqtior tfA
beard f Davit replie;], He had' fome for tlje jlhip'i
ufe, but a hamper was at his fcrvicp. ' Thegovernoir
alked liim and hiJ olltcers to dtnnet i h|,'aicc(^^ted of
the invitation, and wb^f? it .\j[as getting r^iily/v^ei^t
on boards under pretence (»f giving fome t(t'V^rii',le'.'tv-
inu his companions Qiv/hafe. ' Haviiw ilia^^'tltt! pr'n'r
per oblervations form:utii(5'W9'di:(5^n. HiftUifhVs

VOYAGES TO THK

f»7^^

t ihf fort, he rf hirnfil hcfore noon with his bojit'i
err \' . ivaii'ly irii i'll. He luH ^ivrr. i|i. in inllnu lioni
t iivcrfi. witli ihr (oldiiTv in Itir ^ tnr«i-ri>uni, ami
V I. Ill hi hrcd a f.rtoi j« .« fiiiiiiil, to lix iin- tlic ainn <il
the i-arriloii. I)jvi< r 'miil Ihi- :v'"'rnor Jtul Im« .iI-
ftH'i itet, prcp.i'^lng a bm I ot puiuh inr Jinnir, .iiid
hav.iig (ikin Mt oppiri.inily to ftniiu liim, lirol
hi« piftol. Un thik his inrn f'-i/cil the armi iii the
gu^rtl-ronm, muking the garrilon priliiiicM, \vh'>ii)
thty locKcd up in till' r'Xim. Oavis then ordi'iiJ thi
union ll.ij;<iii the I'ott In he Uruik, wliich hij iniii on
bo.iri li-ciit)(, iVnC him (he rciiifurccmcnt agre.il on,
I'o that 111 rcm«!ncd mallir of the I'ort wilhnut rclift-
anrp. Many «f the (oMicri in the company's (rr-
vicc'cntriiJ with him, and thofe who rerulcd, he ini-
im-«luii!v ferurvdon boaid a floop he found in the ri-
ver. Amc thi«, he plundered the place, where he
found tu the amount of 2000 pounJs in bar gold, and
many nthcr valuable eH"td», which lie (ent on board,
and then drmolilhcd the fi>rtiricaliiiiis.

The comp.iny fent the (jambra C.iflK', Captain
Run'cl, in 1721, with a company ol foldicr-, com-
■landt'd by Major Ma/l'cy, tu girrifon St. Jamck't

fort, whi.hhad latilvli .-n taken ir,| J.dn.yul bv th»
I'lLite l).in>. .ShciiruvM ni ihi d'ainlni . h mt VI .v,
ind landed her men uiiiloi M.1II; v, on .S;. Jjnic'a
ifljnd, where fdimil Whitmv thv ^nurn. r li.nl ]vh
ariiH-d. Both Ih.- i;oHTnoi an. I Milliymn- uri-ailr
diilatufietl with ll e n iplmn Ihii met wuli imiii ilic
nurchant!!. ALifirv in pariuular w..» veiv I ud in hiH
I'liiipliints. (ii-iirijc Lowthrr, (tv md n ..t • -m ihr
(ia. libra Calllc, li.iiiiig a plqiie ;i.:,iifl k (I 1 hi>
ciplatn, inUig.ite.l ilie lliip'i c()iii|mii\, ivcr wlr m
he li.id a great inniKiice, lo join wiili .\!, (li-y 111 liii
diicontent, and H.iucrtd him, th..i In dciinne the
(hip, he would iiinvcy him b.ick to Kngl.m,!. Milll-f
prnpofing ihixii hit men, th'v .ill d'condid his dc-
(i|;n, on which he fct guardt on thi- (lirr-niotn ^ .irij
alter fending on hoard all the j.rovilicn., .ind dif-
iiiountiiig the guns went on boar.l I.DWtlur., w,h>i Iu4
Itrurcd thelhipin Kult'ern ahdnce, .md I'H le'adv t*
fail, which he did ihe next div. M.iil. ^ .ificr this,
turned pirate with l.nwther, l>ut loon after quitii-J
that lort of life, and rcluiiiins; hou' , w.i- |irnu;;l!t oil
his trial and was h:inged. — Jaiiici',, Fort lias liiici bceu
fully rc-cDabliOied.

A VOYAGE TO THE AFRICAN COASTS, in the SWALLOW and
WEYMOUTH, BY Mr. ATKINS.

THE Swallow and Weymouth that performed thi§
voyage, the relation of which we have from Mr.
T. Atkins, failed from Spitheail, February 5, 1720,
taking in iiecilTaries for a double voyage down to the
coaft of Guinea, with :in intention lo deftroy the pi-
rates, who greatly infclled thofe parts, and dillroyed
their trade and fa^oriet. The African com|<any's go-
vernor for Gambra, and other places, went under

their com uy.

, As they paflcd the wellcrn extremity of England,
the author obfcrved that from the equal de]ith nf wa-
ter found here, and from doors, windows, and roots
of trees, formerly hooked up by tfie fifliernicn, it
froms to have been in aecs pair, contiguous with the
little rocky iflands of Scilly, by a land calUd the
I.ioncfs, which had been fejiarated by foine violent
fliock from the coafl.

About the lencih of Cape Finifterrc they met with
continual wcftirly winds, very unufual to the coaft
of Portugal. A day or two's fail from Madeira, they
fell in wiih the "ommodore Matthews, in the Lion,
bound with a u,aadron of four fail to the Kallln-
dies, for fuppreffing the pirates there.

The Swallow parted with the Weymouth on the
13th of November, bound with the •jovcrnor .ind
faiflors to Gambra river. Coming near the land of
Cape Verd, they took up fcvcral turtles, who love
.Jleeping on a fmooth furfacc, which they had now, if
hieing calm. Thcyfaw alfo abundance of flyingfifh,
and their perpetual enemies the Alliecorc and Jjolpbin.
This laft is a ftr.iit fifll, four or five feet long, with a
forked tail perpendicular to theliorrifon ; phiys fami-
liarly about ftiips, is of a dry taltc, but makes toler-
able broth. Thefe are fcldom fccii out of the latitude
of a trade wind, and tiie flying filh never ; thefe laft
are the bignefs of finall herrings : their wing^, about
two thirds of its length, come narrow from the body,
and end broad. They fly by the help of them a fur-
long at a time, when purfued, turning in their fi'ght ;
they fomctimcs dip in the fea and riic again, the wind
making them by this exnedient fleeter. — They ftctrcd
ftuth-louch-weil to avoid the ihoals of Grande ; and

bawling in for the land again, waited till they came
into the latitude ot Sii-rra Ixntu, lome oilu 1 Ihoali
lying on the north lull of that rivei. 1 li, founj-
iii;;s ill witli tii < ipc .in ^i.idual Iroiii fi\ly f.ith( ins,
about tivclie league* oil 10 thirtnii. Ca|>e Sierra
Leoiia is known ' i> a lingle tree ii,uih l.irjrti ,!„,„
the rcll, and hi;>h I., <.'. on ilic b.ick of it. '/ !:iv mi-
choiid <)ii the -/ih in lb:- tl;irj luy liom the 'i.H(R-,
which is very coii.ii;odiou5 foi wat'rin;; and w c oi'jj,.^
and r(:'ul:ir tides as an; p:Mt 01 the clui ti; I ul
lingland. Going on fliorc lure on the I'Mh, thrv
vifited SiiMior J )lc|)h, who rcf led thi re.

On tlie 281I1 ot Ajiil they Icll .Si rra I.ioi 3, ipl
May ilic id, ihcy were joined bv li.e Wejn .mih
(rom Gambra. S!ie ran oil a /ind on th.it liiu, unA
with great difHculty got oft". Thofc ol l!.c Sv. .dlov
likcwifc, while at Sierra Ixrni, loiiitig in «:it(rt«
the ftiip one evening had fiirgot ilie I'li';-, till (li- luj
live or lix feet water in the hol.l. — At Opr Sr. .M.i-
ry's, the (larboard entrance of the (Jaml-ra, ihry
found no cjnibals, as is coiiinunlv npoilfd aitioi,"
lailors but a civil^lid i->«op. , Viih wlioni ilii*
wooded this fhip. They were o/V t'.ipc JMonte oit
the 4tli,aiid the next d;iy off Moiil.jj.Ia, boili hi'-b-
laiuls; 'he former appearinf; willi a di ublr, th',- la?tef
with a ingle h'.'.nmock, the country trcndin:; from
them K w and v . Jy 1 about tl.irt\.ii\e faihoius wa-
ter three leagi..-. ^rom fljore.

From the 1.1 ter came off a r.-mne with a cnVoOlicr,
Cjptain John Hte, diHinguifheil by an old hnt, *ri
failor's jacket, W'lth a grt-atir number of thick braft
rings on liis lingers and toes than his attendnnM.
11" fecmcd fly of entering the fl.ip, for fear of ln-ir,g
feized, his town's |>eople ha\ ing olten fuft'i led by
the treachery of (hips, and th y as often return it, with
cruelty, " which (fays the author) has piven rife to the
report of their canibals at feveral places, very unlikely
any wh'-re, bccaiife in that cafj they could ntithrr
have tra<ie i-.or neiThboars." The fttifli ih.y brought
iff, on this dar.gerou-^ vov.iire, wis a bundle of fmall
black (liciis, like a buiiJu. 01 A:|;j!.-gtis, put fnto a
b <t;, kiut of fuk-grai's, ai.J h ingiiig over out of 'hiir

CtjuIJ ts.

I?'

COASTf *. '■> ISLANDS O l" AFRICA.

4«'J

. II-
'')«■•

III

tliry

.nl

iind

ilor

ir t»

li.id

M.i.

ihry

,!,■■;
I'll

:>-

Liitcr
front

braft

nnf.

ln-ir,g

t-d bv

with

o the

Vdy

itbcT

nught

fmolt

ito a

■hiir

(hiiitl>li.Tt, ftfmin; to jilarc a (cciimv «i. ' .ili IvPrc
ill ir. Aikink\t" K< h.ivr li.iiulliil ji li.ilt>.l it, hui
fuuntl it put th III m a lii^'lil i Ihry in.ikiii^ ('i.'ii'-, tii
ili-tcr litm, r.iyiir; iii tlifir laiigu«gi-t " It yuii cat, yuii
W ill (lir pr, li'iiilv."

The iiiilniit nil both fiJi« ni.iiltf ihi ir prcfmt

bufin

Iv b-

'«"'«

i>l.l li

neili' ',
nJ whiuvir illt" tiny l.i

II|M'I>

ImI-

|i.lil;r'^ III 4

huirv, aii.1 r.illiiij to oiii- anuthcr toi lint (lul, in
■ iiuie like tlut which buiclicrt ule in ilrivin^ cat-
tle.

Tli'V aiKhorpJ brf re Srflm, on ihf loth i>t Mi".
Th.- Kucr i^ ainiiit hnll' tlic lncid'.li i)( tlit TIliiiim
a iiariiiw CMtLinii: imlv I'H li.ial\ cm I'.c l).irl)o.ir>i
liil.-, bftwciii two rcii k« ; wliiili, on !;rc:it Iw-lIIs aiul
\viiiil«. mikcthi- flicioiiiii; of it iLiruitdii", the nil
ol the brcaiUh b.iiig chinltil with l.-.iiJ«. II n- ni u
he purchjlcil coiirii!tii.hk- <iuantiiiis of riti, and tliu
rivir .ibminiU with tilli.

'I hf kiiifr, wim ciHrnundcil hcrf, hid the n:imc (if
P.Mrn; he Tind ab -lit tiv iinln ii|i UK- ri\ir. A l.iin-

iilc if iHgro nrij.lly. 'Ilie roy,il prikiit wns (i nt
n a liiii:i.n.iiit ami purfir. Arrinn.n at the kingN
town, tl.iv were ullimd or Ihiiill, by fiTie nl the
coultier^ intd ihc lonnnon hall, in ordci to wail
th.- kin.;'« dnfliiv, 'I'd lomiiiji; fniiii thf pal lec,
hi* publi.r ail h.'iKC h- ii';r aKv.iys in the- |-i.I.1ili
€jf hn ("fiiplc. Aiur waiting an hmir, liii n..ijeliy
tanir, attend .1 bv a huiidrid naked iinl-l ■^, all I'niid.-
ing, and a hum I'lcwin ', lulnu liini. I lie iiin!; h.d
a dirty red b.ivs |;<wn on, ihnLirnl with patel;-
work of oilitr iidiiiis, like a Meriv •iiidicw, and a
fellow tobcar th;- train ; whiih was a naii'W flip <>l
culi^ee tick- J l» tlie b.ittoni nf the ^nwn. llh.iJ ; ii
old Id.'ik full biitti'iiid \\i;,, lliucl! bed, an i Id h. t,
iMit liilf bi|; eni)ViL;li, and lo fit cnnlideribly bihiiul the
foip-top, that II .1 !i hiv ineai:re fair like a Icaie-iroW ;
c.jarl> lli'i;s aiii ll ckmi-.^, irilmcklvd and iinii d, and
n bvalV chain ot tu\iily pmiiidj wciijlit al leaU about
]u> melt.

'I'h! cmbiffid. Ts prrfcnted hi.Ti a trim, two piccc^
t)f (hip beef, a cIhv . , a bottle of brandy, a di /.in <.|
pipe-., and two il ./en of congees. Hut IVdio, iliu
not feem pliafed »h n he faw the prileiit, as it con-
filKd of fiu h thin.'s a< he had not pulVnt oiealiiii for :
alkiiip: to take tin i.i iMck.an.l i;ive hi.ii lU'. ir liiteclu-,
tull:id a liltlc wi:h kneelini; in th.- lii t: l.ii; on a
confii'tation with hi. ininilbis, the prttcnt was ac-
cepted, and the oHiwrs diliiiiii. d.

I'oiji.e the king a good opinic-n of their generoHly
thcv iTi,:dc it up lo his foil Tom f reenian ; who, In
Ihrw hif- e<K-d nature, cam- on board un-invited, a. id
brineinir Iiis flay let, oHi-ed thtni with fun:.- wild
jiitis. Mini lliey dii lUd with an id;;cd hat, a wiL',
and a f-.vord, and t ivo him a palrnt on a l:-.rie (beet
«it parchment, cr;..tinj hini duke vi Silit;. This
wa^ :ni;in fo kin !ly bv ihe fatlur, that he fcnt th.i.i
a couple of ;-'iais in r>turn, and f.nt his youn;;cr Ion
Jofce for ftaili.r niark< of their favour j whom they
tlif;nified alio, ( ii a fmall eoiifidciatioii, with the title
of prince of Max- «.

In one of thtfe town«, to wlii^h tlicy had leave to
go, lome others of them paid a vifit 'to his m.ij;!Jy,
niioin th--v found at hi-> palace. Th.- entrance was
nirrow like a port- hole, lea Jin;; into what one might
ca'l hU court yard ; a little Ipo;, and two or three
h-its in it, which were the apariments of his women.
Fiom tl.is th-v p'e;icd through annthcr portico, and
tiifcovjrcd him <m the left-hand, upon a place on the
DUtllde of his houfe, raifed like a Ihop-b'oard, and
firoVit'ij wi:h tAo or three i-ld wrmch (the favourite
<livcrf:o.i of h:th fxc-;.! His drcfs and figure, with
th.' nov.lty of the r.n.lilh, erc.-,i d mutii .1 fmilcs for
a fe-.v minutes, when th.v took leave with the Atti,
hoo "

Thry left S-ftos on the i8tli of ^Tay, and failing
alon;; A coafl lo* like Holhmd, in two or three days
reached Cape Pahv.a j wei;.;hed from Jaijiie a Jaijiies
the 2'Jth ; the 30th came before Hati'ani ■, th: ?itl,
b.forc AfKni, paOing hy that unfatli-mablc place,

Vol. 1. No. 40.

tallul ihi bfct!f>ml--r»-pit, ftvcn Irapiin IkIow Jitjn*
a I ii|u.>, where tlu il.jah i» nil over untathmiuble,
aiiil ihur inile« ntrof.. 'Ihe natuft tviry wheie
ppeaie.l 111) nf mrrelpnndcnre till tiny raine iipnn
t 1 (iiddC'iral!. June the fc end, they an< *.or .1 t
C.p- ApnIU.nia. At Jaiiur « J.-ijiics ihev m t e ■; 1
ihe r.olvit nl Mrill,.!," Captain Ilatding, «hol-il .1
liniii .Sieiia l.inna Kfotc thim, liaun'j purduhd
iliiily (laves, id whuh C-ptaiti ft it. ha was on- : I

I hem

Tnmh.

the |i ll'-wiii!' ir.tl'iuholy llorv I h.ii

11 111 lit a wii

. I^re,

hud

i.hir.id

wiih th-ei or four of ik (fnut -ft of his couiitrymrn
Id ii.'.Kiny, b .nK allilU I hy a wimun C.i\i, whu
|| Iliii'j h III one n!;l.t iliai ilici- wire only fi-.e- while
in- n in .Ink, .md ih. v afic-p, brouj;ht him .. han-met
.It ir- l.ime liiiic to ixeiule Ills treachiry : he wjjI.I
"iiK en;^j;,c 01 c r.i'iii l.< •• Ilnw him en liie deck, be-
lil > ihe Vionun, wiun f.iidin,' ihitc failnn on the
tiireeaille, he pielently i!i'pau lied two with finy^'i:
llinkis on the ten I'les ( the nihei-. mufun; w it'i ih-.-
lUMl , 01 e of them leiifd Tniirlia, but wa« miirdded
bv him III ilie laiiu- manner, liut ilie hill two nil ol
ilie five takiiij; the alarm, ll-od upon th 11 (,ii..id, and
iheii d' knee I. mi awaked the 11. iller 111 d iiKath, w hu
luiining up, to'k a h'ndfjiik--, and Itllini; Toniba
with ii, fecurvd them all 111 ■"in.

C'.ijilain H.iid.iij; o-.lv wl i] p. J the two fto-jt (l.ives j
hut the three otiiei .ibtlt'irs (tle-unh not aitiir', m-r
of llri n;th for ill he ftnt. nee, to t;iicl I'e.ilhs mal-
ini; them liill eat Ihe heart and livers of nne nl iheni
in kill. d. Thr w"mati h' h lill.d hv ihe ihiiilih',
ivliippe-l, an I ll..lh,J iicr w.ih knnc%, before the ether
llav>< till (he ilied.

They anchircd at Axim, on the tth of June, the
till! I.iiropcan l.et.uy heluns'i^;.- to the ]Jii:ch ; and
ni.\i .l,iy they cim." fo Ca|K- Tre-; Punt.u. Mell Ihips
touch here f'lr the ronv iiience of w ali r (which ii
re d Ihtulily upplad ahuej each vilKl p.iyipgaa
ounce of t'old lor the piuilege, John Ccnne, then
the piinrip .1 cahelhii, whole town lies tlilte mileii
writw.ird, feiit olt' a fervanf with his commiflion,
vvliieh wasalai.;e gnld-hc.ided cane, engraved with
lis na-ne, tod.manuit. Thtir ncgled in it, with
-.me obviou- ill treatment vi the apmt, brought John
!own ne«t day «ith a polTe, who leiiing on -heir
watir-iialks en ihore, carriedtrn0rad07.cn of thiir
lien prifnners to his tnwn. The ofTicir among them,
endi ;.vou ring to dill ini;uilh the kiiij.','- fliip from ott-e s,
ot his head hio! c 1 John, who uiuierllootl Ent^lilh
e:;nu__h In fwear, faying at the lime lin.e, Hy ti — ,
tliai he was king there. IIoacvci, afur (ome trou-
hle, he accepted, in reconipence, fix ounces of gold,
.ir.d an anker of brandr.

The Djiiilh lort (lood on a hill adioinin^, which
I'on.e few years fince, having being lelirquilhed by
thi 111, and iherebv falling into John's |>oiVi Ihon, has
ue,-.ifionnl lome toi-.tift het«e<n him and ihc Dutch ;
tliefe lall pritrndin^ a title of putihafe in 172c, lent
a bomb xtllel, and two or t' r e frii;ates to dim. nd a
furrender ; but J din bein; a bo'.d and fuh le fellow,
anfACrcil, that he expciUd fiin lii'lruniciit (b.-uld ba
(b-?An him to ci n.'irm the fale ; and even with thi.t
(laid he^ " I can Ice no preience but to the guns, the
brick an-l fton-.- of the building, foi the grnund w-s
not theirs to difpofc of; they paid no rent for it (con-
tinues he) and lines they hive thought fit to lemovr,
I do not defigii to tenant it out to any other white
men while I live," This fmt of difcouife vexed the
Dutch, who thrciv in (nine bombs and fliot j and
then raftily landed forty of their men, unJerthe com-
mand of a lieutenant to attack the town: they fired
once without any damage, and then John, at the head
of his men, ruffling from under cover of the houfes
with a greater force, cut them in pieco, paving the
entrance of his palace, foon afteri with their I'kuls.

This made him very exatl with every body about
what he called his dues, though juft in trade ; when
the tnglifh had returned to a gcxxl underllandinny

U' Ihe author with fome other officers paid him a vifit.
The foutherly winds made fo great a furf, that theif
6 £ landing

4ft

V o Y A n r. s TO T If f.

hliJi')^ !•» .!..IIReiuu», IIT tn Sf |irifiirmi.l l>> ihnr
•AvnbMUi liiir I'v i.'iiinr* III hi< luiOni^', |. r vifuih
ihry |uij ilmii. j.liii hiindli itix.Jiin Ihi't, loir-
tuvc llitiii, 4lt.iitliJ vvilti J j'uani ot thiiir intn,
Jiiiikr bii-lii jriin , vvliocoiiiluLlril ihrm f hi, hoiilc.
I'lin *4» 4 I'ruty lar^c luiiMin,., ijilnl |r.,ni ilic
iiuU'ii.iU lit the (nil. It .ikcml» aiili j il.iuMo florn
ft'ii-iMlc willioiit, (if iwj\c l\ept I nil ih^l rt iiir .in-
' Ihirc )(ii,)J iii.iiiit i one hit junory, 411011. ir Ins
•.IliiiiIui, Willi .1 It.iiiJin^ IkJ III Hi 411,1 J ilinj lur
riiiciuiiiinciil uf Kiull., luriiillicil wiih l4hli»< iii4ir<,
^C. Th.-waylii 11 l.iy thrmi^l) two i (.iiit-v.iiilN i
iheiMilii h4J liiulo (ut Diriiin .in>l lirv.ii.i, li.liun;-
ing 10 hull) 'I'f innrr, (4 (p.n.i..ii, (.|u4u ) h4il 4
gu.iiJ r.iotii inU ijoixl 4rniurv Ircniiii;; Ihi' rnir.iim,
VI. h piu^4« lo 41 iiniiiioil.il • Ins <;iiiril<, .nul ini-
niit4li.s III litiic iiir.iluic tl;ct;l4H.'c-ur il thi I'rudiili
|{ovcrni>r»i with wh'im J.iliii li;iJ hmi 4 lt-i»4ni lur
luinc vi.'4ri. lie w.ii .1 ilii.|ij;.ni,ulf iii.in, 4biiiit fifty,
01 4 lulliii look, .iiid 1 «niiii..iulnl till' rif()tct ill bciii^
b4u'-ln,4j.J fiiim 4II the luY'i" 4biiut hini. He
ftiewcd ivrygrvJt cuil.tv In lUc tii-lifh, who lud
iriiiriml Ins l4lutc of lit i;uin, and nude up the
buurh iif w.Krimgoii hi« nwii titnK.

I'liidiii- him ihi-jilul and f4ini|i.ir, ilicy now vcn-
tuifJ tc ilk hlin wh4t was Kcmnc of ilir Ouiihincni
ftiilN that latily p.ucd thi- inlraii.e of his home ? He
iiii w.rid, tlu: jbiiut a ni.inth Ixtnrc ili.irlhips arii-
».il, he hi. I |iiit thim iiiio 4 ihtll, wiiii f.>mi; biandy,
|)i|ii-s, 4 lid t"bJiTo, and biirii 1 tlu-in. " fo ,i.iv4 h.\ it
l> ci.i.f that all m.iliiii)i .ul I di.|i4rt, and III. |iuilui;;
ti|i a l.w iKcilliius ttith the ciir|iU-, liuli ai ih- V
lon-d, i« iiu- vv IV oi iifii ctin^ ihi; deii.drd." 'I he
author Irarnc.l, that 11 was cullonury with the rail,
to laiTifKi' u flavc or t»\.ialfo at ih'ir luftvf lis. 'Ihi.
under jaw-b.>iir<i of ihelc Uulchinui, Julni (hewid
hini (Iruiij;, and hanging mi .i lue in ilic co'.iii j.ii.l.
Inis ilii.f was IHI Ills \igiiiiiiu III iiiflicliiiy
piiii'lluneiir'i, than cxifliiij; his dues. A lew we' Iss
beloa (he Ihips arrival he hati coiidrmirii a iniirdriei,
(4lih«ii^h he lieniod txciiublr on the pi nu iplr of iil;-
jcfeiui.', wliish John d:.i not uiideilt .nd ) ;iiid iii.K't
the cri:iiin4rs mvn biotliir, who u,is one of Ins
belt ferv.iiits, to be the vMeulioiur bi fiie his fa^i',
by tyin;^ a Lir^e Hone, like a nnlltone, about Ins
neck, and throwing him into the lea.

lly his riches and power, J. din had inr.rofi" .1 the
trade of the plaee : and by thofe mcani rcduitd th.
traders prohts tu twenty per cent, a diiadvant.i);e
ulrich ihemiiilvn contributed tu, by undcilcllinj siu
ano^tr.

The Englidi left Cape Trcl Puntss, on the i+th
of June, and the 15th, anehored at Dixto.e, an
Kn^^lilh factory. I hi>, iiucionda, Anainaboo, nn.i
tither», thuuaih called lactones, arc the tehiknce <<nly
of two or three people from the principal one <il C.ipe
Corfo, uho have con.nnlVw n for wliat Hade tliiy
tranlact, befides their regular fal.iry.

On the 1 6th, th?y weighed from thence, and an-
chored nc.\t day before Cape Corfo cnllle, the Knglilh
African company's chief fort ; the relidence <if their
povernor, (tyled diroi^nr-general, two merchants,
u fccr-.lary, chaplain, furgcon, faiitor«, writer*,
miners, uilifierMi, and a company of loldiers, with
buildings anJ ccnveniencies infide, for thei.'ilelvcii ur
flave5.

About thi! time of this voy.ii^c, the company had
railed bv lubfcription, 39^,400 pounds, and in
I)eceniber, 1 722, made a call of live per cent, allow-
jii'.; the piopricturs as had been accullomed, a divi-
dend of three percent. In Deeeniber, 1 72 J, they
expofed tu fale 20C,C00 pounds llock, at (hiitv per
cent. " Which, fayH the author, fliewvd their affairs
haJ but .111 ill af|>ei:t."

i)i\ th-.- 26th of June they went to AnamaHoo, a
noted part lor windward Ihips : the .'.Sth, to Mount-
lo.'d i the JO!h, to Birkee, and then Shalloe. Through
the whole courfe from Surra Leona, it may be
(ibUrvcil, that W(M)J, candles, or any other (hip's
uceiiarict arc hard to get ^ the former, not from a

l*'n

w.ini in the tniinliy (11 bTii|; iiv«i-iii,i) b.it an im-
palUblc l»e4ch, whire iliiic it no nivig4ble rivrr, .ml
lhcdifKili-iK< ul (he ncgii'S where 11 nn^ht U- h»ll
liipplud , and the other, b'Caufr intrchaiil-ftiip* du
not expect II (lailo of that fuit, 4nil (hiulore uipiu-
tiilrd.

Tallin^ by Accra, the River Volta 411J the I'apin
Ci)4ll, they amhi.ied at Whuljh, July the ^ih.
I'hc whole ciiall was a llraighl line, w.ihout gu^jlK
or hiyi, i» ti.iek let with Inn, having 4 tendtmy of
the Ii4 with the wind, and every whcr* • scry
roii^h and tuibulint beach.

I hey palled by a hicJi mount before they rrachcd Ac-
cra, whieh the auihiit was told hat Imii Ken to fniokc
like 4 vi(li.iiio. lor lint rtaf.in, and becaule ii i*
the haiiiil of wild K.ill-, it is lalled the U.vil'i llill.
But the molt daii[;er to tia\illert it iioiii a pro-
digious number ot aprt, f.itc live Ket \ons. , and
monkeys wlo attack lin.^le pallen^eis and d ive
them into Ih • water, wlieu- ih Ic creatures are afraiJ
lolollow. They Kii \\ hulah on the 201b, and the
48th ainyed .it I'lincc's llland, iKlongiiig to the
HorlujiiilV. In their apjiroaih they faw everyday
many w halts, tlittllicrs, and peiieU. Mere they
cl am-d thiirlliips, licaviiig down bv one another,
but with thr fatigue and heat together, a» alio the
irre;;ularity of the failors, buiied thne or four mtJl
4 li.iy t^^r lix weeks to;;elhjr.

'I iicy airiud very healthy j but the illand furnith*
ing pawn-w ines, and the inc.ins nl debauching at c.-fy
ral^', and their tents alio niving opp.irtunity, tlie
feaiiun loon r..n into ixecl , which btouHht mi a
malignant lever, that reilueed thiin in two months
to J.librrate «h:ther they could mocetd fafely to fi.T,
w.tlioui a return of men from Kngland, the Wey-
mouth not being able to purch.ife her anchors, and
the S»e:;llow witn diffuuliy : but the aullior, as
lur^con, judged it bell to go, though ia the moll
Mcl.ly eoiiouion, fmce biin;; thu> removed liom the
caule ottheir calamity, (calnii, heats, cxcilEvc .inJ
diforderly linn;!) who<ver were viliicd with the
iiitlu-ip.r, would llnd a ciilis in recovery or death,
wliicli weuld flop the inleclion. Therefore, with
!hj airiflaiice of luiiic men Ironi a Dutch Kall-Indi*
lliip, th.it li. ppeiied to put in, thrv got und.-r fail.
I'lie f vcft lor want of iiectiriric! tumid in many to
fliixc , and piirlmd tliein, with violen e. The
W eyt..oiiili, which brought out of I n -land a
compliment of 240 men, having at the cii^l of h-r
loy.i^.- lio dead upon her books.

CJn the .icth of September, they left Princes Ifle,
and anchored the 28th at St. Thomas, about a leaeue
liom the fort, which lies on the larboaii^ point of the
bay. This is the princlpil of the three Portuguefe
1 Hands on this co.ilt. Hogs and fowls arc excec-din(;
cheap.

Happy it was for Mr. Rnwry, the matter of a Briftol
vellel there, that the man of war came in ; for
hisiiicn had made him priloner, and were difpofing of
the ilavesat a very cafy rate with the i;oietnor, who
rejccls no Ichrmes of profit. Uovsrv, wlio had
been difi ountenanccd by him on his mens complaint,
was now heard indeed ) hut not knowing rightly th.:
method of getting men to get nway bis btigjiitine in
their company, he was ohli;;eil to have what price the
governor would fet on her and her cargoe, and tonic
palTagc with them for Ca|>e Corfo j where upon de*-
niana, he accompanied his leave with a handlonie
acknowledgement for his diet, and went home witb
(lie account.

They regained the field Coaft in fifteen days from
this idand, and leaving it again, October th? jtli,
llretchcd with their (laiboard-taclcs to weftw:!rd, c'c-
ligning tn (Irctch as far to windward as polTible, that if
any pirate (hould b.: on the coaft, they might have
them under their lee.

On the 20th, they fell in with Cape Apollonia,
and the 2 {d, unchnrrid at Axim, having met in the
pallX^e lome fprinklings, which they underlinod hid
been heavy fliowcrs on Ihore. Oa the 24th, tliev

car.ir

I7'*l

t () A SIS AND I J I. A N I) S OK A I U I t A,

4TI

league

ol'ihe

cfc

cccdinj;

ftol
lor
fin^ of
ho
ho had
pliint,
lyth--
tine in
cc the
took
)oii Jo-
nJlonie
witb

from

-. st'-u
•d. Jc-
, that if
have

>11onu,
in the
xkI hid
ihty
cam:

rmiie lo Cii|w Thrrt- PoiiiK, wliirr nfplr^tinp to piy
John C'oiinv hii lUity lur w.uct, he Ui/ed li>in« ol'
Ihiii nirii till IjIiIi'iI.

I h^^ Jr)>.irtiil nil thi <nth, nml jrrivcil iifxt «lay
«l L*fv Lnrlii, wluirlhcv iiiiiii iIKmhI ih.it Ihr |iirjlc«
tiiidct the ciMiiiiuiiJ nl C'uptiiM KolxrK, hud bcrii
|iliiii>lviiii;; tluir <hip« diiwo thr whuli- ■ .Mil, but wire
Ihcii ihuiighi III bi' ynne olt t iht- liu ll j< couiii ul any
\vlii> liml liiHiriJ, Ikiiij; hi All^llll Ult : Ih.rlorc
living iiiidir 11(1 .i|i|iirhi:nlioii iif ihtir Kluiii, thry
dniUcil ihu pruvilKiiit vvhiih hni Ix-t n fi iii tbilhir
lii'iii K.nf[lanil, lu ihcni, leaving ih.- Wi-vmiuib,
niiw tlilabU'il ci wri^h h'T »mh<'i , N.miiilH'r ihr
lutli, the Swulliiu IIhuIuiI uw ly t" wiii'lwjnl, and
ill nda,
Dixtuvt', Aci)iii.d;ih, C.ipc I r(» I'liiil ><■, A>im,
Ctpr Apiiliunian Alhiii, ILillain, J.iiiiu*, Sc.
Tlicir dili^ii wjH lu Inure IimK, .hi ;i '.kiy (hi|>,
h\ |iurchaliiiu; lUv >, jiiJ iinprrffinu ii> ii liciin iju-
llicrchanl vi'liil>. .NLuiy iniMiittd thi> by lunniiii!
•Way Irum III iiriiliiuni, {»% thrvull.tl ii) bad <if
Ainri diet , but at niurv wml wiili kl:. piral<« on ihr
limt' pri'tcnce, ibe author obfcrvc^, faili r an- govvrnrd
merely bv lapnrc <ir humour m ihii rt m 'I.

I'hey keeled and it niblvd ihiir Ihip .'i Surcon
da, and at Dixcuvc iliry wire informed, (hat ihc
liddieri, who raiiic under their convoy t ir llie
AlriLaii company'! fcrvlie at (lamhra, had mi.'inird
wiih Capiaiii Mallty, one of their i>ffici-r«, difJ..n-
inK the bad ul'u.ifri ol the merchant »h(> hid ih..
cuinMundof viituailiii;; them i that alter nailiii^ up
the (;iin«, they retired lo tli.r (lup lluin|H'r, whuli
tiroiight thorn over, an. I tlicic by a joint cmilVnt of
George Lowi!ier, the licoiid male, and funic of llu'
fuilors, prociciii'd lo fea.

Ai '-.ipc Apnlloiii.i, they fnuiul all tl.eir old .u-
fiuainlaiKC were j;one. The iiuten, who livo or
lliree isunilo luliie h.id lint off a djihi <>l' loui
•kkit, was lately with her people furred to remove to
Alfiiii. It IViins the Saiitisur .'\ll.:iiti<, on tlip inck
of the Appolloiii.ms, being piovoknl bv ihrir fre-
quent depredations, h.iil Litely been dot* n .mldrivin
them from their habiution.., iliroui-h (ibvnif. Ive<
faid) the inlligalloii of John Conny, iWir neighbour
and competitor. At Airu\i, therefore, they found
llitm preparini; to revenge this injury ; they b<iii!;hi
up .ill their tr.iding arms nt a c;ooSJ piiee, and gave a
fowl for every (lint ihey could Ipare, (there b^inj' no
fuel) thing in the country). They are at fearlels at
any of their colour both in trade and war, and pro-
miled themfelves an amendment of their fortunes,
which the author fmcc ihrn was informed they had
accompliflted agalnd Conny,

At Cape Tres I'untas, they found the water pond
almolt diied Bp, though the y^ind at fou(h-ea(l had
brouf;lit on two or three heavy ftiovvert of rain.
Thtfc falling, cojift.int tliifk foj-s fuceedcJ in the
'ay; and what was very unurml, at tlie dillance
they lay at anchor, they had di.'wi in the night on
board. I'he current fct wcDwaid.

On the 6lh of Janu.iry tl.cv anc!\orr,l at Mini,
the Dutch African companv'> principal fort, and
next day at Cape Corfo, which thcv left on the loth,
.in purfuit of the pirates '''e govern.>i h iving received
two or three exprcirej, informing; him, that they had
taken a fliip near Axiir, the place they had but juil
comf: from.

The pirate Re.brrts having ftruck a p-nnic into the
fr.iders, the men of war were feverul limci in their
late cruifc, alaimed »iih reports of their being again
to windward, which kept them plyiug ; but thele re-
ports brinit contradie'led, and the raflinel'i of the at-
tempt confidcred, they returned to their rendefvout
into Cape Corfo road, wli'ic thev had fcarcely ar-
rived, before Phippi received iiiieili^nce, that they
hid taken a vellel a few lea^uet oft', and committed
frrcac cruelties. The pirates were well m inncd, hav-
ing; much increifed their ni:ml>er by ihit double expe-
dition, and the reputation of the' r fnrccUct, thelea-
BKii every where entering with them, and when they

rrlufid, it wai hy riiiort, rather Ihroiifh fear, than
any drtcllalion of the pra^titr. Tliiv eoiirlii.lrd
ihrreluii to follow ihtmlo \\ linl.ih, ihat biio|(. H' «t
to C..|v Coilo, the ihirl place hr Imoiv. Amnd-
'"iht January i{, airiviii;; tin i< , tl<> v Iraiiu-d ihit
the piraie« had pliindeied and laiiliimd rliven l.nl ot
Ihips sndlellllii' plaie hut two d.iy. belnrr, on rlie
ir|Hirt ol Iheir lollnwinK thrin, when tin y nulled
of llieiii by 14 houii 'I he K^tli, ibey eaiiielicloie the
lllc ol I'lincct, and lound the l'ortu,,ucle llr.in|;irt ta
the iirw«.

On Ihi.' flirt of Fibriiary, they anchnrrd at th«
mouth ol the river Cialmiir, a gond harlimir, ibey
thought, for thrir itiipiinii, the navigation brinu
dilliriili ; but finding lliein not there, thry d 'p.vilcti
ihe jil, f'.ir Caiie l.opi /, where, ariivinj^, they lnoii
dileuveied the three iniale Oops at anchor ill that bay.
One of ihrm, whicli wai upon llie heil, righted at
li);blol them, (lipped lur e.ible, .iiid began the ih.icr,
bindin<( fonie ol her l.iiK as flie came out, by which
tl ev fa>v the rilhnrlsof their enemy, whofcll aprii*
lu them h<f .re ni^'hl.

Oil llie in h they got up with the c.t|ie a;;ain, and
found ihe pii/i '» confortv vfry ci'l'v in the li.iy, white
thev llai.l In long, that ihepirliKrs d.iiiblcd if they
wnuld move I'm th m i but ai length, as the men of
war advaiieed, ih.ireyes wer.- Innn opened, when all
iii.iiliiiid Irr'hii'.ci!, they cutllicir cables, and let their
fails; up »ent the black flae, and in great defpair,
ihcy contuiiiid a runnini; (ighi, while only the chace
l;uii« cnul.l plav upon them, and Itriick prefently
whi.-ii a hro:id-fide rc.iehed ihmi, without the leaU
damage dune to the SwalUiw i diuiikennels, inadvcr-
lancv, and difurdcr makin.; them fall an eafy prey,
l-ibruarv the 1.7th, they anchored at Cape l^ope/ bay,
lci/iiii{ ihrie the ihiid pirate fliip that had Ikcii dilerled
hv the h»iul>, for their bettei ile.ipe or defence, in the
nth. r.

The pinte«, fingly, were men of cour.ige, yet
wanting difcipliiie, and fume dirci5tor to iinile that
l.iri e, v.eie a contemptible encmv, thry neither killed
nor Wounded a man in taking, which niuli ever,
in th'.' f.ime circumliaiices, be the confcqucnC fate of
lucli hattli?s.

Thrv found in the three (hips abov.e 300 Englidi-
men, 60 or 70 llout negro llaves, a great plenty of
trading good], and a large quantity of gold dult, to
tic v.iliic ot in,oool.

[ I he pf'i pie, their wives and widours, who thtiught
themfelvts injured hy it, petitioned the lord} cofn-
niitri<mersof the admiralty, the fecrelaries, anihother
officers of ilatc, forarti.il of this giant. The of-
ficers joined alio in a pi'ltion for ithe earl of Ber-
keley's intcrpofition, to obtain for them the divifion
they might prove over and above what wai fuggcfted
in obtaining the privy feal, but without any fuc>
ccfi.

The number of prifonrrs gave a great deal of fa-
tigue and uncalinels, duiing a fix week's paflage, left
their fituation Ihoiild prompt them to fome tlelperatn
attempt for their liberty. February the i8.h, th fe
were brought to their trials, when fil'ty-two were
executed, fevcnty-four ac(|uitted, twenty condemned
to fcrvitudc, and fevcntcen committed to the Mar-
flialfea.]

While they (laid in the road, twnoflicers paid a
vifit to Mr. Duller the diredor general for the Dutch
at St. George del Mina, three leagues to windward,
he received them fo much more kindly, that in 18
years which he had rcfidcd on thecoa(l, he had feldom
been vifited by hit countrymen, and of laic not at
all, which he imputed to the mifunderftandingt tha»
were frequent between him and Mr. Phipps, on account
of trade ; they therefore could not pay him this com-
pliment without offending the other. His (able had
tcndifliet, ancxtraordinaay (how in a place of fuch
fcarcity, with variety of beer and wine, and an attend-
ance of fix negro fcrvants, each wearing a gold chain
about his neck, the largenefs diftinguifhing grandeur,
a$ fine cloth or lace does a livery, When dinner was

, ■ over,

tvc>

Voyages to the

1. .;!»•;• iticiii four gold tings each, (ilic make
ol llij 1. /iini: V 1 to iciiu-mbt r h tn, iiml lluiiftuvM.il
ihiiii ill' iU>ic-Iiuii!js, i.ir}>c iind \fcll (IikIcc'iI. In
ill.- uliitiioiri iIkv icnicJ to ii ('u!ir.i!C'r-li<iii|ir in the
■: r'.'.len, nnJ in tlu- cuiiiiig his olnc'i* altinlul thcni
i" ih; b'lt, w hep- thty wiTC rtill (oii.i veil w iili murks
of un.iiC. ri i;il rclinct, ihrtc or I'lmr boxes of JJrjfil
lu:;:'.r, ^ihcii .i Icjrrc cnir.iiiudily ) jikI at piiu!ni;otf,
a I'itiiiti' ijl' iiiM!.' ciin^. but they were not u(al (o

h<. pi'ably .it the hn^liih cmIIIc.

']"l'i.'v Lft Cape t"i>:;'.'un the (iril of M:iv, 1721,
and Oil ihf iliiiJ i.\iTic linwn toWhiJah. Merc tin \
touk J l.iiKir out 1)1 .1 r'nnii^uiCe fliip, that hail been a
iDiil.Jor.Ue iii t iliuij; Ciptaiii Roarv's velF.'l, as iticn-
fiiirKil IxJciii-, .it St. I'luimas's , he, nn thr nfli'dlion
ill hi«; enniL-, anil liar ot' \vor:ce\il, lut liis throat.
Ab.iiit ill's li;ii. the avillior \va> niaiie piirUT to the
V\ iMni'U ! , almi'lt mrv hodi' bciii"; lic.ij who was fit
I.M ihc ii;;i.i'. Mc iiniin'Iivit. it with nluiTance, be-
in;.; uiujii.ililieil hinil.ll, mill tit itlur lot'piT, lU'waril,
nil iKCcll'.iiies oil board, but the iiiJuigence he ix-
pt-iitiil 1: '11 a woiilv, ii iiuianu'tr, ami Ionic little ad-
vani.;;c in i|uitting th.- Iiiiijcoii's eniplov, were per-
lo.iliv;'.

0.1 the 5ih, both inn of «ar ftccrtJ from Cape
Lii,j'7, |f> wiK'.l and watir, (to go Tr the Well
Imlic-,' whrr? thi v airii id the •iuili. I liis is a late
iiud jileui.iiit b.iy ; lliev anchored in io faihuiiis ; the
c.ipc,-iiitli-v e(l bv north i the waieiing- place Couth
bv lall, e.ir'i .1 mil; ;Mid an halt ililtan.e. Comin;;
ill, thev bini ;ht the cap- fi,uth-wel>, to avoid what
moft charts l.iy down, the (hoal callid 1' lerclmiau's
Bank, iibnit.i league an. I an half north north-ca(t
from the cape ; and theic are other ilioals bitwctn that
and the iii.iin to the northward.

At Cape Lopez the people fell one another, hut
few will venture on board Kuiopean fliips. I heu
t'jnilli.iv way ol faluting is bv clalping th.ii ban 's two
or three times to one another. l"o a fupeiior, the
cabofticr, or aped, they btilJ the knee, ra.lini; fitlf
their hand, to the out parts of their Ih ■iilders, cr
arms, then patting the others hands gently iIikc limes,
and crying Ciiamba each time, they fall b.-.ek, clap-
ping their own hands. To ixprils an exiranrdinaiy
friendlliip, they raife your hand as hi;.;h as ihey j.tn
reach. Many of tliem have borrowed nanus Irom the
Europeain. They do not folicit this favour till after
Icveral viiw?, they (i:e lonuiliirj; to be admired, or
think the perCons have (bme ( mcied fympathv, or
Jlkencfs with thcml'elvcs. As they conic ilomi in
tribes to trade, each hai a rapt.iin or leader, who
loves to ilillinguifli himlllf by an imitation of the
Luropcan drels, and is olteii lb awkftarJIy let out with
hat, wij;, and trccclics, that he makes a much
mure ridiculous /igure than any of bis naked atteii-
Uant'.

Jarohiis wa< nnc of thefe, be to. k nn him the
title of km?, without knowing the meaning, and
came on board tbc owallow in a very aniiipic figure,
anold Idilor's \vi^; turned iipbde down, half a pair uf
breeches, jacket, liar, &r. yet be (ecmed reverenced
much by the ollieis ; ..nd in ilrinking, two of thini
always hold up a duih befute his face, that he might
not be U-eii.

Tlietu'lom (fays Atkins) feems to have a ftatc in
it, and is borrovvcii, pirhaps, from lome neij:hbour-
inv monarch, of Mon. in itapa. As Jacobus and his
company grew druni:, (for they ilrank. nothing but
bumpjrs ol brandy) this rci|>ecl was laid afide, and
what was a great misfortune, the prince and his reti-
nue beheld, v\ ith winking eyes, iill their hovels on
fire on (hore. The oeealion was as follows : the
Ihips having all their colours flying, and ionic guns
fired in honour of the 2.9'h ol Mav, another leader on
(h )re niilinierprcting it, ss a pariiciilar relpect to ja-
cobus, (/revv j'.aloMS, feizej his boufe during the re-
vel, his wives and bit daughters, drank, up ail his
bran ly, eat ail his vit^tuale, thralhed his jKuple, and
(l'I b iih his houfes on tire.

, Next morning, on uaravJliiijj; the myflery, the
7

paffion was over, and all bcc.iinegood fii-iuN a.>Hiii —
I'hey h.iyc very little knowledge or me of hie' am ,^,
beeaule they hive Icarce my trade, thiir we;.pons Ik-
ing l|H;ar'., arrows, and duos j iind it is a liloodv bat-
tic among them wiiiii h.df ado/'.ii ul a liileaie knock-
ed down. — Wood IS told at llie i.itc of a laihom lor an
old Guinea llieet ; their water fice and calily come at,
but is » Handing pool, and nut fo well talfid as Iroiii
fpiings. Here thty purilialed wax lor making i audits,
now cxiecdiiig le.iic, and it is the mult cunvcilivnC
place lur lliij s ot war at leaving the country.

Leaving Cape Lopez 4111I the coall, on the 5th nf
June, thiy came in liglil of tnc illand Annaboiu, the
bieev.es Iniall at foutii, and calms alternately, ihey
kiuilci! tnree or loui ua)s lur thiw coiilbit the Swal-
low, which they loll in a fo;', and then vveiii lorwaid.
July the tirif, iliey made Cajie Au^'ulline in Uralii, a
h'ortngutle colony, and ancliured tin 4ih in Karn.im-
buco-iuad, the iiex: great port ut trade in this pio
viiiie tu Ualiia.

The liin they left Hiafil, having found tl.e tiadc-
wiuili blow home, and increal'ed in their llrcnglh to
this continent, bringing a dangerous Iwill into the
road. Augutt the 31I, they aiichuied in C'arlllle Hay
at Uaibadoes, wheic th.-y tuuk in a fupply uf ruin and
provilioiis. rhey left it the 9!h, and on the ajd
they arrived at l-'^rt Koy.il in Jamaica, v. heiethiy
found tlie Swalluvv had arrived a week bctort ; but on
tile 2tjth, a huiricanc drove the prize pirate ihip on
fliorc, biciv away aii iheir inalis, with oihcr damages,
that O.i.iinii! Uiein lure fix niuntlis tu refii,

Hoeii Ih'ps liav ine h.\cil iheii jury-iualls, on the (irfb
of Janua.y uuy lilt I'ort Royal, and anchored at the
Kavs. ieuruary ilie 7th, liiey left the Kays to make
the vviiuivvaiJ pail.igc, and worked up to Portmorant
111 Tin or leviii uavb, a dillaiiee of 12 lea,;ucs, where
me patlage n, in a nianmr, gained, bie.uili.' the lee
of Hilpaiiiola makes a liin.oth water, and initrcfjit.s the
(laue wind o'ten 111 Haws to advantage. J hey
met calms however for three or four days, but on the
17th got light uf the liitle ifland Novalia, where the
peopleot Jamaica kill guanas. '1 he 191I1 tlicy put
into Uonn.i- Maria Lay, at the wcffend ol llifpaiiioia;
the uiuai it.) , eljieiijly of the king's Ihips, in thi fe
parts foi wiod and water. 1 liey lilled ihjir calks at
a valley a mile louthwaid of the two bro\^■ll cliffs,
A here is very good water, except in Ibme winds,
when the lea geis over the bar. '1 heie arc two oth/.r
places iKarer iliofe cliffs, and not lo ealily oveiflown.
Heic Ihey bought fonie jerked hog's fldft liom two or
three fiiiiully hunters, belonging to I'ctit Guavas.—
At leaviiiL; ilie bay, a llrong louth wind loon let thcin
betvNeen L .ipc St. Nicholas and Maize, when they
came into imall winds, and a cuirrnt in their favour,
made by tiie old Bahama-itnight and illands difpol'cJ
here.

'1 he i6th, near the Ifland of Hcniago, they reco-
vered the true trade wind, call hall north j the 28ih
(aw the rocks, called Hogllies, by their obllivations
in 21 de^. 3b mm. being luincthiiig more north than
the charts. At noon they came loiiiid Atkin's Kays,
(pretty high out of the water) and before night made
Creioked, or Well llland. The lalf from whicli they
took tlieir departure, was VVatliii's Kay, 24 degree*
north, the trade wind continuing with thtm to this
latitude of 32 degrees, but taint and weak trtm 27,
cauled, as luppoled,by ihccontefl between tlie variabla
wind and that. — Iroin 26 to 37 degrees latitude-, as tar
north as V irginia, they found every day laij.e quan-
tities ofguil-wccd fiuating about the fhip, and ieliin-
ing in propoition to iliediihince; (o call'.d from a con-
viction ot IIS flowing fioiii the flioals of Hurida, and
by being found 3 or 400 leagues noilh-eaft, .n-brealt
ol the continent. J'his aiguer, t!ie aiiihoi fsyv, in
favour of a cuirent, though inlenfille ; cr that
it is longer or more to the northw.iid than fjuihward
in thofe latitudes I and contrarily, in higher north la-
titudes, near the li;as, the coneinent, have n tendency
fouthwaid, which is demonlfrated in theife iflands uf
ice, that drive all the funimer fioni thcnoith-wctt, a-

Jo.'ii

Mifr JV^/ fhmt /.•vmChi (h^ii

Kii.i/i>li

,Hn-n^

^„.IM-/l

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•20

^il/lrtr^i../.' A'

'"• rVf f

^t'ffi/tiktti^ Ktft ffkum /I*#r»'

//V '

,|':M--

4M
r ^ could not lldp dip-

tl their rnurfir, ami ar-
of April, in the v.-a;

M SMITH.

mnniicJ with a (lout
brill- liini back, :iiul
, f . It w.is conini;\iiJcJ

■-'channel, iodic nilvan-

ry him helow the Ark,

y of KuiiioiilVin's crew,

hrce buys, and fix ii;-

I. At ilay-brcak both

, kiiowiii,; the (jam-

jt a pafl'.ige. Mr. Or-

ralUd to Edmonron to

r, but by firing a brace

.enrat^cd the blacks on

' hey be!;:;cd Ka\c to fire

prevented, and a^^aiii

It he dilchargcd j loaded

is men riri', and one of

thriiuiih the bnafl, r,n

a'loard, and touk pol-

■ Kil into the river, and

' r brought up the (loop,

r when Mr. Smith ai-

' irey he was fent out to

' S which held till Moii-

I !t with feme difficulties

t on (horc at Jill!r.;y,

bund the (horc fucli x

rdly poflible to meafure

thcr : and there w3s no

5 fo noody, that both

j •irepti-d. ■ Befides that,

Bck ants and vcncmous

' • on (horc at Bunior
bo, near the mouth of
he didance from thence
t fide, the chief mate
rous to fee the method
*e?, they landed on a
fmalltown, where they
cd by the horns to fome
'hilf he was fixing his
f the natives cameaown
him, and not comprc-
cafuring wliccl, difco-
Sn-.ith did not regard
ion for a ftake or two tct
the cattle to chufc a
hich the natives, afraid
t them up the country,
e women and children
t came down in arms,
lily's (laves, who rowed
they told him, the na-
"cying inftrutncnts, bc-
itch them. Therefore,
\ the chief mate foU
lilundcrbuf;:, one of the
{thich the natives endea-
voured

unfr.im/ fir .%

««*•<

K^ r L

yJk

frti- Xn r Mui Itm/iMm /,''f/n*r^ ,

I .

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fn-nc/t <tiv

II f.

t.H<tifli,t

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Vj Tropic ^' Ciimri

lidwalum
/• ,,. A

/I IIHlli

liiiiiuh

a''' V''

\\\^J>A L^*^'\*'*«r^ C^ i.^ ,.j<rr^ y*-'^'-*. "-'„,'^'&' jv

=W/.. <• /A- .t/^mtmh.lht *,'/*■'" *

T-^.i-

fif^nk

^ OH NOR T II

/•:

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*m»*

T .

• •^ if> ytf^ VnrAt.iaHii

.0 /-^ Ct^

A N I I I. »• *■ *

'■* Hone rtrd

//V^

ovc, I.. .;.n-.- ilioiii fourg
ol' ill.- C'.ir'.ii V ^ to u-inea
ihtin Ills ltuiL-iiuu(i:s, I;
ihf jt'iciiioo'i tiny rtdied
<: Tr.L'ii, .'.iiJ in tlu- cviiiiiif
><• th: b'> It, wlicri' thry wi
of uii-lili i\ cd ri'l'pi ct, thr
iu".:ii, ((Hlii .1 lcari.'i: coiiii
a /.iliile' ot" nine C'ln';.
h(. pi'ablv .It the Kiiglifli c
'1 liov kit Cape Coil'f
anJ oil tilt' iliiiJ cnmc iIomi
took i r,iiK)r out of a Purti
loiil.Jor.ile ill tikiny Capt.
tiimcii kl'iiu-, at St. I'liumi
ol hif ciiiiii.', and fear of
Aboiit tills li.'iv.- the atitlioi
\\ ivniim 1-, alin<>ll ivcr\ b
1.11 iltc Dl.'i.e. He undiiti
iiii; uiujii.ililicd hiiiil;.'ll, ,i|i
11 jt n..ceir.\iies dh board, b
peiiti-d iVi'ii a wuiiln iimir
vant.:;c in quitting tiu' liir

tllillV.*.

0:i the 5th, both men
Lop/, t'l wood and wt
lm!lc«; where thiy arrivei
and ]dcui.inl bay ; they anc
cape. mi til- veil bv north;
by cat), c.irli a mil; and a
in, they br.>ii>;ht the cape f
moft charts lay down, the
Bank, ah mt a league and
t'rom the cupc ; and there ar
and the main to the nrnthw

At Ca|ic Lopez the pet
few will venture on board
faaiili.i' way ol laluting is b
or three tiiiici to one ano
cabo(her, or aged, they bi
their haiids to the out par
arm.1, then patting the othei
«nd crying Ciiamba e.ich ti
ping thL-ironn hands. To
fricndiliip, they raife your .
reach. Many of them Iia/t
Europeans. They do not I
fevcral vitwf, they fee forai
think the pcrlons have foi
likencfs with themfclves.
tribes to trade, each has :
loves to dillinguifli himfcj
European drcfs, and is olten
hat, wij;, and breeches,
more ridiculous figure thai
dant'.

Jarolius was one of tin
title of km,?, without kne
came on board the IJwallovi
anold lailor's wig turned ii|
breeches, jacket, hat, &c.
much by tlic olher<> ; iiid il
always hold up a cloth befoi
rot be feeii.

Thccu'lom (fays Atkini
it, and is borrowed, pcrhaf
ing monarch, of Monomot:
company grew drunk, (foi
bumpers of brandy) this rt
what was a great inisfortuB'
nuc beheld, with vvinkingi«
lire on ftiore. The occati
Ihlps having all their col«
fired in hon.uir of the 7.9' h«
fli ircniifinterprcting it, aw
cobus, pre IV j'.alous, feizea
vel, his wives and bit dai^
brindv, cat all his viituaUi
(it b.uh hit hnufes on Arc. k

Next morning, on uori
7

•.-i\ t'_

T^^

1726.]

COASTS AND ISLANDS OF AFRICA,

alone I coaft of NewfouiidUnd, even u far as New-
EnnTanJ.

'I'd the northward of Bermudas the winds grew
variable, and as they advanced, ftronj;er, having a
very hard gale at nortU-wcll, to 68 degrees of latitude,
which put them to a reefed forefail for a fortnight, fo

great a fca following, t'lat they could not help dip-
ping it up by tuns at their Hern.

From hence they proccnlcd on their rnurfe, and ar-
rived in Fnglandiu the month of April, in the vsat
1725.

VOYAGES TO THE GOLD COAST, bv Mr. WILLIAM SMITH.

IN the year lyjfi, the Royal African company of
England being willing to have an cxad furvey
taken of their fettlements on the coaft of (juinca,
came to a refolution to fend a pcrfon fitly qualified for
that undertaking, and accordingly, after an exami-
nation of his abilities, gave their inftruments to Mr.
Smith, dated Auguft 11, 1726, inipowering him
•« To take plans, draughts, and profpefts of all their
forts and fettlements ; as alio of all the principal
rivers, harbours, and other places of trade on the
coaft of Africa, from the CJambra toWIiidah.

Mr. Smith having received tlicfc inftrudlions from
the court of AITiftants, embarked on Saturday, Au-
guft the 20th, 1726, on board the Bonetta floop.
Captain Livingfton, lying at Gravcfond, in com-
pany with Walter Charles, ICfqi govi rnor of Sierra
Lcona. On Anguft the z'd, they lail'.d through the
Down?, with a lair wind, and on the 25tli reached
the Start Point, from wlicnre th' y took th.ir depar-
ture. They had for many days, north-call winds and
fair weather, till they got into the true trade wind, at
nort'.i-eafl, witli which they pailtd tlic I'rfipic, of
Cancer the fourteenth of Scptcniker. f Icrc ihey faw
fcvci il whitilli Mrdv, hiving but one long feather in
their t.iiN. riife llv very high, and arc called by the |
lailors '1 ni;ic Birds, being onlv d-c^i in the I'orrid i
Zone, hctHcen the tropics of Cancer and Capricorn. |

On the 2.;d of September tliey made the land fix
leagues diihmr, being a low fandy beach, a little to
the north-caft of Cape Verd, which they defcricd in .
four hours. Mr. Smith took a draught of this, as 1
his full attempt in the company's fervice. Next day, \
they got round the cape in fight of (loree, a French j
factory ; and the 25th, entering the (janibra, an-
chored at Janus ifland.

The next dav landing, they were condufled to the
raftle, where tfiev found the emperor of Fornia and
his retinue, who tainted them by fliaking hands after
the European way, repeating in their language,
" Ciod blefs vou." Being feated, the author was
diverted to fee the emperor's grandees, and nobles of
quality on the floor, like monkies, on their buttocks.
An hour after his arrival, they all embarked on board
their canoes, except the empercr, whom the gover-
nor complimented with his boat, men, and union
fl;ig, laluting him, at his departure from the fort,
with five guns.

Some time before tlicir arrival, there entered the
Gambra, a Rhode Iiland built (loop of 80 tons and
fix guns, called the Ark, commanded by one Ed-
monfon, who having fevcral times communicated a
piratical defigii to his crew, which they would not
confcnt to, tiiey all, (except three white boys) went
on fliore at James's fort, and informed the governor
and council, upon oath, of what thcv knew. Mean-
while, Edmonfon fearing a difcovery, failed down be-
low Ic Maine Point, beyond reach of the fort guns ;
where meeting the fea-brecze and tide of flood, he
was obliged to anchor, thinking himfclf fafe there, at
Icaft till morning. The fuddtnncfs of his departure
confirming the failors depofition, the gentlemen in
Vol. I. No. 41.

council I'int the CJambra (loop, manned with a ftout
crew of whites ami bl.iLks, to bring liim back, and
prevent his doing other mifchief. It was commanded
by Mr. Orfeur, one of the company's faitors.

This gciitli-man knowing theehaniiel, took advan-
tage of the midnight ebb to rirry him below the Ark,
without lieing difcovered by any of ti'monfon's crew,
who were but nine, viz. the three boys, and fix ig-
gnorant, new purchnfed flaves. At day-break both
(loops weighed, and the pirate, knowing the Gam-
bra-floop,' w.is refolvcd to force a paflage. Mr. Or-
feur being come within hail, called to Edmonfon to
I bring to, who made no anfwer, but by firing a brace
of niufquet balls. This fo enraged the blacks on
board the CJambra (loop, that they begged leave to fire
on him, which Mr. Orfeur prevented, and again
c.illid to F.ilmonfon to ftrike, but he difchargcd a loaded
piece at the faiElor, who bade his men fire, and one of
th' lil.ick hoys ftiot Edmonfon through the breaf}, nn
uhiili ilij floop ran the Ark aboard, and took pol-
Iclfioii of her. Edmonfon leaped into the river, and
was f.i.i\ no more. Mr. Orfeur brought up the (loop,
wliieh by at anchor in the river when Mr. Smith ai-
rivt J.

Mr. Smith began the furvey he was fent out to
make on the 27th of September, which held till Mon-
dav October the i?tli. He met with fome difficulties
in it; for the firll day he went on (hore at Jillfray,
oppolitc James's ifland, he found the (horc fuch a
deep fwampey mud, it was h.irdly pofTible to mcafure
orget from one (lation to another : and there w3s no
going on the dry land, it being fo «oody, that both
the light ami paflage was intercepted. Befidcs that,
the trees fwarmcd with great black ants and vencmous
wafps.

'I he author being one day on fliorc at Bunioc
I'oint in the kingdom of Cunibo, near the mouth of
tlie CJambra, in order to take the diftancc from thence
to Barra Foint, on iheoppofite fide, the chief mate
who was with him, being defirous to fee the method
of taking inaccelfible diftanccs, they landed on a
fandy, level beach, clofc to a fmall town, where they
faw fifty or fixty black cattle tied by the horns tofomc
ftakes (li-ove into the fand. While he was fixing his
furveving inftrumcnts, fome of the natives came down
to the water-fi<lc to look at him, and not compre-
hending his theoilolitc, or mcafuring wlicci, difco-
vered fome figns of (tar. Mr. Smith did not regard
this at firft ; but having occafion for a ftake or two to
fet marks, walked towards the cattle to chufc a
couple of good ones, upon which the natives, afraid
of their cattle, ran and drove them up the country,
alarming the town, fo that the w omen and children
ran to the woods, and the men came down in arms.

Mr. Smith s(king the company's (laves, who rowed
the boat, thcmeaningof this, they told him, the na-
tives were terrified at his furveying inftrumcnts, be-
lieving he had adefign to bewitch them. Therefore,
to guard againft the wor(K the chief mate fol-
lowed Smith with a loaded blunderbufs, one of the
flaves rolling the theodolite, which the natives cndea-
6 F voured

i .

-1

474

VOYAGES TO THE

['::*>

vourcil tn oppnic, by riinninji acrofs tlic part.igc, but
not daring to touch il. 'I'hc m.ui who iirovc it,
Avati-hccI cviry i.pportuuity to pu(l> the » litcl at
their leg*, but ituy w re too nimble tor him (kipping
to the right and Kit like goal*. When Mr. Smith
had don; his i'urvev, he r rurncd to tlie place where
the b.Mi lay : .inj being viry hut, f.it down under the
ihade ot a large tive, ord.ring Ionic punch to be
m.ide. 'I'he mate i; ung down to the boat to fetch
the ingredients, Air. binith, who was Icl't alone,
as foon as he was out ol light, law hinifelf fur-
rounded by the armed native*.

At laft the mate appeared with a bowl of good
punch, a draught of whi>h, railed his courage fo,
that lie gave a I'udJen 'i'fing from the ground; at
which ilic ncgros ran away in lucli furpri/c, tliat
feveral threw down their weapons and ifood at a
diltance i believing, a* he found alterwards, that it
was in his power to dellrny them. On this. Smith
took up a gun thev Ind dropped, and ventured to fire
with powdir amongll them; but the piece fe.ireelv
went oil' before tliey were all out of light. The mate
would have h.ul him purine his vic'lorv, but he
thought it ivifell to return to the Ihore, iiiid get on
board the Bonetta.

On the loih of October, he went with governor
Rogers to vifit the king of IJarra : who having
been informed before-hand of their coming, met them
about a quartei of a mile lioin hi* town, attended by
about 400 of his liibjtcts, fevcral beating on largi
loud drums, others l.juiul.iig trumpets of elephants
teeth, which all together made a war-like nolle.
The king welcomed them on fliote, and conducted
them to the town of Harra : his people exprefled their
joy by loud acclamations and firing of guns ; v^'ith
many ((range poHuics. At their arrival, the king
caufcd his cannon to Ik fired, that lay dilinounted
near his palace, which was a niud-walled cottage,
thatched with p.ilmetto leaves.

When they were feated, this prince lent for his
itiufician, who played on an inftrumcnt called a
ballalo. This inltrument was well toned, and gave
an agreeable found. His majcfty alfo for their divcr-
fion, caufeii I'everal natives to dance b^ fore them with
tirawn fwords, which they flourillicd with great
dexterity. This done, the kiii'; made a fhort Ipeech,
cxprelllng the regai.I the negros boic to white men, as
far as their iiuerell was concerned in encouraging
them. When Mr. Stnitli took leave ol the company,
to finifli his (urvcv, the king's brother and levcral ot
his noblemen would follow him. (loing along, they
afked the king's brother who Smith was, and what
]ie was going about, as he left the company fuJdenh f
He told them, that Mr. Smith was a great, ingenious
roan, fent by tlu company to meafurc all the kingdoms,
iflands, and rivers in Ciuinca. They replied, it was
very proper, and that they were over-joyed he came
to meafure their country. 'I'oflie-.v their approbation
of the work, they made many primmaces, running
round Mr. Smith by way of compliment.

The Pagans, who are here more numerous than
the Mahommctans, have no other religion hut that of
worfliipping their fctilhe'-, for which any thing I'ervcs,
a feather, a pebble, a bit of rag, a dog's leg, or the
like. The word /<-///A, is to perform divine worftiip.
They carry their letifh aliout them, which is fo
Jacred, that they will let no body touch it but them-
felvcs. The day Mr. Smith dined with the king of
Darra, he oblerved the mufician had on the top of
his cap the tufts of a Crown Hiiil, which being very
beautiful, he went to take it oft' his head, to look at
it, but, to his great furprize, the man got up and
ran away. It i)rovcd to be the mufician's letifli.

The languages on the Ciaipbra, are fo many and
dift'crent, that the natives on one fide cannot under-
ftand thole on the other, which is a great advantage
to the Europeans, who trade there for flavcs ; be-
caufe the Gambra}*, who ate naturally Indolent,,
hate flavcry, and will attempt any thing for freedom.

On the luh of Ortobcr, Mr. Smith failed from

the Ciambravs, in the Ronctta (loop, in ctnip.jny
with the Uyam (!ally of Antigua, L'.ipiain H.ilir,
both bounii for Sierra l.cona. That d.iv and tl."
next lliev lleercd fouth-welt, a;id we(t-f)iith-well, t<i
lea, to avoiil the lho.ils ol Cirande. The 1 ^th, ih'V
llieied foiiih lor Sierra I.eona. Next ch y th-v hul
a Hark calm which continued fourtitn i!.i\*. Tlr.-
Iloops palled thiir time in vititin- lacli oilier djil_\,
though their mirth was often interiUjUid by 'oiiucc -
which generally laltcd an hour, and gave notice < f
their approach by cxetlTivc thunder, liuluiiii'g, :'iul
d.irk cloud*, which are fuccecdcd by rain* ii> he.u v
as water poured through a fieve. 'I'his weather ccn-
tinursall the wet fcalon in tJuinca.

'I'hel'e tedious calms brou ;ht them into fucli dirtrefi
for water, that had thiy not been fujiplied by ihiir
con fort the Byam, they mult have ii.ei it;dily pe-
ri(hcd, During thcfe calms they tried ll.e current,
which fet north-caft one knot.

On the jd of Novciiil-er they made land ten leariics
dillant, in twenty-five fathom-, whiih le'iig Miy
high, thry fuppofed it to be the high nir.unM 11 o!
Sierra Leona, and crowded f.iil to come up with it
bct'orc night. About eleven, they faw a lail in ftiorc,
and perceiving (he lay by, to watt for them, it gave
them apprehenfions, a* know ing how ' iify the pirates
had been on this coall the pnceding year. They
put themfelves in the bell polfiire of defence they
could, and held on their courfe till five in the after-
noon, when they found the fhip in ciutftion was a
friend, being the Q^ieen Kli/.abeth, Capt. C'reigl'.ton,
bound from Sierra Leona to Rio Nunc/, to tiade for
gold, teeth, and cam-wood. He, lufpeeiiiig by their
llanding in for llK.rc, that they were bound for Sierra
Leona, lay by to let them know that thele high lands
were the (doles, which arc fniall rocky id iiu!*, twenty
leagues to the nortliward of S':;-rra Lu im. Alter
thanking Capt. Creighion for this kind information,
thev proceeded, and at ten next morning, difcovtrcd
the Saul'aws, exceeding high hind, twenty miles up
the country. Whentheyg.it a-breaft of the Cape,
which was about fun-lit, they hoilted 'he u:i;i n Haj;
at the main-top malt head, and IVdutid with fevcH
guns, as did alio the li\nni. (All Ciuinea 'governors
are by charter empowered to ul'e the union ti j in
their fefpeitivc diltiic'ts.)

Thou.;h it was night, they failed into ll.c vvcr,
foiindini; as they went. 'Co prevent accid' nts, h ey
hung out a light at their enfi;. ii-ft fV, and th l>y,im
kept one at her gibbon end. Ihiy kept clofe under
the high hills. When they -'.ot up as hi;:li as
Frenchman's Bay, they faw two liglas clof- in lliore :
one belonged to a Imall trading bark, tli oMier to tlie
Kriendlbip floop of Barbadocs, Captain CrtUr;
who feeing their two (hips that aftenio.ii in theoff.nj
hung out lights to direft them wheie to ride. .Xs
foon as thev anchored. Captain Cn'-ier c 11. 1:1
board the Bonetta, to know who they were, av.I
then welcomed them to Sierra Leona. As they h^d
only Mad..'ira wine, their lime* bciii'^ txpcii'l'd, h-.-
lent on board for a handkerchitf full cf limes, and
aavc them an account of the coniiiani 's afl'air* at
Bonal I Hand.

On the 5th, thev found thi-mrives in a fmall,
pleaf.int bay, furroundid with ixcetd't.g high hiii.,
all covered with beautiful trees, full of various kinds
of birds, who at day-break make the weds rclound.
Ca|)tain Croker faluted the union flag with five gun*,
ami had three in return. In this bay is extraordinary
good water, which gufhing out of the rock, fdls
down like a fpout, fo that they could fill all their cilks
without a tun-<li(h. 'I'hey watered' here, and the
bottom of the bay being clear of rorks, th'V dr \»
their feyne, and got a great many mullets aini iith.r
filh, alio an alligator, which the negros devoured
greedily.

They all went up to Benfe Illand, on wh'ch tliere
is a regular piece of fortification, mounted with
twenty-two pieces of heavy cannon ; befijes a battery
under the fort wall, with eleven guns more. This it

the

[17.6

I7i6.]

COASTS AND ISLANDS OF AFRICA.

47 <

t!v.' r' fill nrc of iho r^ovcrnor 1 and Mr. Charles land-
ing', iC'iK piilltiliiiii <i| Ills |»'l(, anil nciivcd Iht
cuiiiplliiii iit> uliiili an- iiluiu on that occafi(.'n )
tli.ujii tlic niitnor iiiiuukily I.hhI.iI Lis j lur not ic-
oilkctii.g the name at thr illand, he ni< ntioned out
Harai.iria, (which is one of no ripuic) iiilUad ol
KtnlV.

On the 27th hi began his llirvcy, mn ting with no
njipi'titi in I't.im the natives, :\i at tin- Uainlii.i, the
iiih.ibit.ints here being more u:cJ to tlie European maii-
iitis and cuftoins.

" It is not certain, (lays the niithor) when the
Er.nilhb'jcainc matters ot Sirra l.'.ona, which they
polielleJ utiinoUlkd, until Ridi. rts the pir:;te took it
in 1720; I'lUM*. t who was ati-rwards blown up in
James'f. tort, b.-in:; ■^overinit hire, 'riir cale was
ihu-. : Riii'iiis h.iving thrsC Ituiittliips iinJ r hiscoiii-
mand, put into Sicria I,.-cna fur fiilh w.iter, and
finJing a tradiii.; vi(i' 1 in the biv of Fr. -.nee, took ht-r
thctit ', and c.nird hei iii-o another near the c.ipe,
which is very dci p, an.l has a long narrow entry.
This the authoi in liis luricy has tiilleil Piiaio's
Bay, becaafc when Roli.tts had rifled that (hip, h.-
fct lire to her, and p.Tt of h. r tiottcyiu was ro be (len
at Ijw water, w lien M . Sni ih was tlieri . 'I'lie next
dav, RolKits lint up a boat Well inanned and arit.ed to
Governor Plinkct, dcdri.ij, to i;iio.s it he would
fpare hiin any gold duft, or povvdir am! ball .' I'Uinkti
fcni word, h' ii.id no gold Iii!t to Ipaa, bu: that as to
poHiiir and bail, he had lon-.e at his fervice, if h-
wouli! lake iic trouble 10 come tor it.

" Rober - ,1 nc ho.-ed with his <hips the next flood,
brforc Bcnl • Illand, and a liiurt uig.igrnvnt tollowed
btivvcen him an I the governor fur fiv ral hours loj't-
th'.r, till Plunket having fired away all Ins ammuni-
tion, lied in his buai to a fmall ifland cillid Tomba,
but bei:i|^ overt. ikeii again by the pir.ites, was brought
backag.iinto B nfe Illand, win n Robutsfwore hear-
tily at him, lor his Irith iirpudeiice in dariiij; to re-
fllthlm 1 I'lunket hni'iii,; the had company he hid ^;nt
into, fell locurfini; and Iwcnring fafter than Roberts,
which raileil much lauyhi; r Bmons^ the pirat s, who
bade Roberts hold his tongue, for tliat he had no {hare
at all in the d.;eourfe with Plunket ; hnwe\cr, it is
faiil, that by m:rc dint of fwearing, old I'lunket favid
his life. When Roberts had rifled tin warehoufes he
went on board, and tailed out of the river next ebb,
Ic.iving I'lunket ai;aii. in polTifTion of the fort, which
the pirat s had much dnniaL;ed."

The river Sierra Leoiia, is very broad at the en-
trance, bein^ fourleajues from the cape to Leopard's
ille, on tiie oppofite liJe of tlie river's mouth. The
middle is ihallow indeed, being in fome pLices dry at
low water. For the decpcil part of the th iinel lies
dole in by the cape, and thofe who enter muft keep
on the flarboard (hore, fail in j; clo^e under the high
land, where they are fure of regular ('oundin:;s, and
in all the bays good anchoring gro'.inil, but near the
edge of the flioals, the bottom is uneven and foul.

In this river the company have another iflmd, viz.
Tallo, which is large and flat, n"3r three learuis in
circumference. Here th--ir flaves have a good
plantation. The reft of the illand is covered with
v.oixl ; cfpccially filk cotton trees of a prodi-
gious fize. It likewife produces other forts of
cotton and indigo.

The river of Sierra Leona abounds with fevcral forts
of fiHi, motlof them good, cxcejit the oyllers, which
trow there on the branches of the mangrove trees.
rhefc are tound in Ihallow places, ihiir branches
having a material tendency to a ards the water. The
author faid he cutoff one of thefc br.'nches fo full of
oyflcrs, barnacles. Sic. that he could Icarcc lift it
into the boat.

Captain Livingfton loft no time during Mr.
Smith's furvey, in fending on Ilioic th: goods and
artns defigncd for the ufe of the fort. But the fliip
w.-inting to be careened, and to get up a new mizcn-
niaft, they thought this a good opportunity to furvey
the river Sherbcro, and for that purpufc sbcaiiicd of
6

the governor nne of the company's (lonpt, with pro-
P'.i hairii, j Ivli-. Chailes h.wiiu; iiilUudtiuiis from tha
lon.pany, as the cither i^ov.'ini'is l.;n', t'l give all the
allill.ince to th • fiirvcv.

Mr. Smith f.iiKdfroiii Il^nfe idimd inthrSicrraLrona
flooj), on the 14th of NuvLiiiber, C nam fCiikiii.'.n,
iniompany vvilli the Jaquiii II 'Op, Cipt: ;ii Ridley
who Wint wiih them, in otder to get a knowledge of
tlia' river. The 16th, they roaeiml tin IJ 111 'iia ifli'P,
the lar^eft of which is will inhabited. Hie Mr.
Sinitli had found Conic white people who h.ul ([uitlej
the company's ferviee, and lit up lor thenil \\l- , hav-
ing Hoops ot their own, in which they trailc.l north-
ward, to Rio I'um^o, and Rio Nunc-/, for flaves,
teeth, and can-wood, hy which means thry hid
hroughi a conii lei.ible traoetotlufo iflcs, there bcin;.^
lew Ihips bound down the coall, but \vhat touched
ht re.

They were becalmed at the month of Sherbcro ri-
ver, onihei2ih, and faw fevend wan r-lj)outs ne:ir
ihcni. The next day they ;;nt up as i.ir as a fma'I
rown, belonging to .Vlr. Z.ich.iry Cummeibus, a Mu-
l.itto, fon of a late En;;liih .'.gent on '^\.>rk ifl.in!!,
A'hire he wa' kiii'lly cmertaineil ; but .\Ir. Smith
being iinpatuni to fee the ftate of the coiiiMiiny's af-
'aii- on Vork ifl.inil, proceedtd direcllv up the river ;
and on the 20th landed on that pl.icc, where he found
e. 1 whit- men, but one Mr. Holditch a ficlor, who
.\as dcftitutf of duinec againll the natives. They
had paid him fevi ral vilits, and always took care to
larry awny what they likid o( the company's cffcdts.
The fort was then in a ruinous con.iition.

The king of Sherbcro hearing of Mr. Smith's ar-
rival, came on the 21ft with a train of .it leaft near
300 men to vlfit him, bringing v\'ith him, by way of
prcftnt, two quintals of rice, two goats, and a li/ic
wild hoar. In return, the author puf nted hi? ma-
jefty with two brals pans, two pewter dilhts, a fa-
thom of flctias, (a thin fort of linen cloih) and four
bunches of beads-, which he gladly received. Thu*
(letias he tied immediately round his neck, with 11
double knot under his chin, the two ends han;.in2;
down before, over a furpliee of Cape .Morte, which
was of cotton, (Iriped blue and white. 'I'hcn the
king pulled out of his bofom the bu"-y end of a lion'.s
tail, which he flourifneil liveral times nbatit, and
nude a long harangue, the meaning of which (as
explained bv Mr. Cummerbus) was, that the lion'?
tail was his mnjefly's fi-tidi, and that he flourifiied it
CO fhcw his power, and the extent of his dominions ;
and, laftly, that in his harangue he delircd fomc vic-
tuals to refrcfli himfelf and his people.

The third day, after taking an Inventory of thiJ
company's cft'edls, and appointing one Allen a writer,
to be afliftant to Holditch, .Mr. Smith fainted the-
king with five guns, and failed down the river. Hol-
ilitch and Allen im.igined on thi'^, that the king would
have returntd to Shcrbero j but finding tliemdlves
mill iken, and knowing his flay wculd be expeiifivc,
they came to a lefulucion to intrcat his majeffy to re-
turn home. At this, the ki::g fell into a great paflion,
fwearing by his fetifh, that the country was his, and
that he only fuff^ercd ihc Englifli to rcfide on York
ifland on certain conditions j that the ground, and all
the goods on it belonged to him, and that he would
make them fcnfible of it, as they had not paid him his
cole or tribute.

To this Holditch replied, That it was not three
moons fince his cole had been paid, and therefore his
n.ajefty could have no jult claim on the ci mpany.
Thisanlwer fo cnra^jed the king, that he ftruck FIol-
ditch, and feizing .Mien, draiiged him to the water-
fide, and threw him into a c.inoc, ordering his peo-
ple to carry him to Mr. Smith, and tell him, that
he had lent Allen to him, as having no bufincfs on
York river J but as none would venture on the mef-
fage, Allen got leave to return to the fort. In the
mean time, Holditch had written a letter, which he
privately difpatched by a fit'^le man in a c:noc, to ac-
quaint Mr. Smith with what had happened, and that

the

-^iO*

476

VOYAGES TO T HI

fi:/^

)

the kin^ was th"n Io;ul!iV» liis canoe mit of tbo coin-
piiiy's ivarclioulc, uii.l iiulcls prcviiitcJ, wuiilil ciiiy
urt';ill the goods.

'I'hc author, 0/1 rcitiving this letter, comiivmic.itcd
it 10 Ciptains Kiikh:ini ainl KulKy, giving it ;<:■ liis
opinion, chat they uught iiiiiiic<!i.itcly to j;<) to the
ainiiincc of HolJitch and Allien ; th.ir they lud iid-
thiiii; to fear, having a ^ujd ihip inouritcd with tiglit
guns, and therefore uu^ht not to (laud tamely l>v,
and fee the company robbed before their faces. Kirk-
ham exprcHcd his readinefs to li-innd Smith, btiiig
Jireifted in his inrtruclion* from Mr. Charles to take
his orders from him ? but Kidky f.iiil it was ni.idni is
with (ix or cif^lit m>.n to attack tlirce or four luimlrcd.
However Kirkh.uii being lefululc, the otl>er lon-
fcnted, and accoiilinjily they weighed, am! h;uinj;a
(Irong tide of flouJ, and the fea bret/e, (boii reached
York Ifland. Jiy the way they charged all their
guns with mufquet ball. 'i'he channel being bold,
Ihcy came to anchor within twcnt) yards of the Ihore,
«jn the outftde of the king's canoes, to whom and hi:;
people their arrival was no fni.iU lurprilei elpeci,<ll)
wlicn they faw .Mr. Smith laml, followed by the two
captains, and two of the company's llout young
fellows, all arnied witli cutlallcf.

They m.irclicd to the old gate of the parade, whii h
was then (landing, whcic Itood about loa of the
king's negros left to guard it, all aimed with guns,
javelins, fcimilars, ftillcttos, 01 cutlall'cs. tuiiitli
tibferved them tcrrilied j for they opened to the i>;,hi
and left to let him march in. Iluy picceeded di-
recHy to the factory houfe, where tlic king ftomi
with his guards before the daor. Thefe guards ih.mIi
lome oppofition : but Smith wiih Rkiley lij]i\d ;i
way throu-.',h them into the h' ui'e, uIktc he w.is
ple.WlJ to lee a tliiul white man with Hi'Mitch and
Allen. This was wnt \V lUI, a I'oKl.ei- cl the com-
panv's, who li.id th.it dav come down the river. .Mi.
^^mit-ii then aJ.lielied the king (who uiulriltood
I'.nglifli, a.rj couKI Ipiak a little) in a Hern iismiier,
.liking him, \\ Ime al! his e.mois, loaded widi tlie
company's cmi wimd, were bound : The kiir^ m.,Je
norcplv, but Holditeh and Allen poured out thiir
complaints of theillul'a^e they had met with Irom
his majelly. .Smith afkid (he kin;;, If thefe ;.llt;-,a-
tioiis v.iier'. tr.ie : Init li.id no anfwer ; on whuh he
toll! him, He h. id given him a ro|)c to h.in,; hiinfjt,
.md fci/iiig hiin bv ti.e collar of his new lacHiK tii,
which he iiad Hill on, he dra;.»i;ed him out if tli •
houle into the middle of the p.iiade : v\htre, leli.ie
all his guards, he bi.il him over the b.uk «ith his
fword, (;:n aetion n 1 v talli and imprudent ;) wlni
followed was Itill more fo j for .Mr. Smith alterwards
carried him t'orcibly to the water-l'ule iinil put him into
a canoe, withi.rJtrs to Ridley ani Wild to cuirv
him on b.Mi'd the Hoop, .nnd put him in irons: but
his fubjcdls incenfed to fee the kin;^s perfon fo u(ed,
oppofed his being tarried aw.iy : '-'yi'iS t^"''' "" 'be
canoe, till the En. Iilh, by wounding fc\eral of them,
got her launched ort'. They even foTlowcil it into the
water ; and one of them had got behind Mr. Smith
with a Turkifh fcimilar lifted to cleave h's Ikull : but
being fcen by Ridley, he jumped out of the canoe
time enough by aback ftiokc to difable the fellow's
hand, breaking his cutlafs with the blow, which he
replaced with the negro's fciniitar. Theiiaiiyes now-
grown dcfpcrate at (.cinn; their king a prifoncr in the
canoe, guarded by Wild with a cullafs, and Ridley
with his fcitnitar, attacked them very clofely, lo
that Smith was fcarcely able to defend hlmfelf. In the
mean time the people on board the floup being
alarmed, called on Ihore to know if they (houUI fire j
but the boat lying next the vefl'el, Smtth would not
permit it. It w.is now dufkifh, and one of the natives
was coming round in order to ilab the author in the
back : but Ridley gueffing at his intention, ad-
vanced xftcp or two forwards, and with a l'ortu;i;ucfe
ftilletto made a llroke at his face, which laid his
mouth entirely open from car to car ; on whirh
account not being aU« to (gs^, li« kl up a terrible

bellowing. This fo frightcnrd hi< comr.idtn ih.it
It gave Air. Smith an opp.ituiniy ot 11 .iltin;/ .1 l»roi,ji
thi lilt at one who had boi lie liaid r,n him, w;.,.m hi-
ran into the ihigb i on wlinh ;lie ii.gio (i.-oiipul !..,
fwotii, and ran ctl, the r. ll lollomii/, uli",in I'ly
clofel' p'lil-icd to the woo.Ij. U idle »^ in the i...'^u
time c.iiiliil Ills royal p'ilor.er to ihefli'cp ; but v.\, i\
thy I,. .d got along fide if her, ami Kidlei, v.,.sbuiv
lalteniiig the canoe with a rnje t > the limp, tlio ki;i^
nipping olF hii hat ami luiplicT', unpeucived Ui'ic.
iiil.i the water, and Iw.uii 1 11 Ihme. The captain
having faliened the cunoe, o.deud iwo cf the men in
tome and draw his majilty upj but tliev eiulJ liiid
no more of him than his oullide cale. J'.iirajid at the
dil.'.ppuii'.tmeni, they c.inie diiee'lly (,ii (hnte, .iinl
gave Mr. bmiih the king's appiul, with an aicounr
of his eleape. He by this ii.ue jud:,iii,> that
this ateiiluu might beatlunlid wiih uiiIik'U iiiili .
iiuentcs, as the king had fiiiha nuiui'ir ul aiiliidii.m
on the ilia/ul, whu, as well as biiiii. If wnt 1.N..IJ.1 -
rated it the treatmtnl they h.id met wiih, he ihoir'jit
it jiroper to concert wiih liie red if his company "th^
proper nieal'ures for their fiuritv, and to pit vent tic
enemy luijirifiiig Benfe faclou. 1 heir loiiiieil v\a»
held in a large canoe, whieli lav under a iii.iiij'iove •
tree. It was there relnlved, (uetoiiliiu' to tiie i.ulhoi'sr
propni'.il) that Holuiteh, Allen and Wild lliouli
lep.iir to the faclory houfe, and put tlitir I'.rxk |.o-
ple there, in a poHurc of delence : iKat thty (lioulil
walk all night on the par.ide, and il they l.w any
negro they (hnuld diieciiy lire at him ; and that Mi.
Smith, with the two c.iptains, and the two Gto-
nii ttas, Ihould taivC care of the company's eri'eets on
board tlic canoe?, which were towed off and falleiuif
to the lloop. I'hele being l..fe, and the two captain*
.ind Haves on board, who li.ad diieclions to (lay ami
lire on a proper tignal, .Mr. Smith returned on iliote,'
intending to reintorcc the garrlfon of the l.a')or\','
but by the way a fliot from the woods graz,td his left
ear, and fnged his wig. This put him into Inch a
(tight that he r.in to the faftory, where, tlumgh (e-
veial (hots were levelled at him by the way, hr got
late within tlie parade gates, at the dirtancc of t>.re«
tui'.ongs (torn the water-fulc. Here he ventiiud to
peep out, and could plainly (ee a laigc body of r.egrcs
r.illlcd under a gieat (ilk cotton-tree, which (luVeil
him what an eminent danger be badifcaped. Seeing
the ciKiin in the ("anie plate, he called to Ridlev on
b 'aid the lloop to tiic two o) his guns as near the rei t
of the tree as he could ; which h..d fucli fuceefs, th;.t
cleicn of the negros were killed or mort.nlly wounded,
riiis dilptrfcd the enemy, who cairiedoit" the de.id
into the woods. Mr. Smith then gave oukrs lo liie
white men to fire from the parade, if any number of
men fliould appear near the factory ; and went In
lepod himfelf. rinding all thitvgs ipiirt when lis
aw.ikiil, he ventured down between two (laves to ibc
water-lide, and was rowed on board the (loop, wheitr
be kept watch all night on the deck. About one
o'clock Holditch called to him with the trumpet, to
let him know he faw a body of negros marching ip
to the parade-gate, Mr. Smith ordered him to (ire,
which he did, and killed one auJ woundid imothci,
who proved to be the company's linguilf, An-
tonio. About three o'sl.ick, Mr. Smith heard tho
milling of a canoe near the (hoie, on which he Cent
two (laves to fee what the matl,er was ; thcyihfcovtrt J
three men, who jumped overboa.''d at their ai<]>roach,
and fwani on flinre amongll the mangroves. Jl'he
(laves brought the canoe on hoard, and at day-break
one ot the men brought Mr. Smith a lion's tail, found
in the canoe they had taker,, which he knew to ho
the king's CetKh j whe'.ce he concluded that prince
would have m.ide his cl<:ape in tiie night, if they hail
nut intercepted him.

Mr. Smith went on flioie with Mr. Ciimmcrbu?,
Ridley, and two others at fun-rilii', to confult about
removing the company's cU'etls- from Vork Kland.
The fir(t objeiS he (aw at entering the faclory was
Antonio, who lay on the floor, jjroauing with his
7 v\'uunds.

1726.]

COASTS AND I S f-A N D S OF A F K I C A,

^T'T

wnuiidi. Mr. STiith, fccniiiip; CiirpriliJ, HolJitch
tulil hiin, Anti.no was ;iiiuiiij;it llii; imn lie li.ul .li-
recUil li:in to lire jt in the iiiuiiiiiit; AiitoDio r.iul,
•' It is tru ', nulK'r, I luvc two I'ni^u s, loii^iic lor
white 111,111, ,in.| t()ii;;iie lor bl ii k iii.iii i I ileliie tn
die ; but I V .1111' tli.it white ni.iii llioiilil nit killhl.iek
Jiirui, but ht Iri.iiJ.*." Mr. .Smith hI'miI, why he
c:iiTie in a biilhie manner? lie rtplie.!, there wire
lev-ii i tlut ih.- line who was killeil, w.is a inelKii:;cr
fron the kin^;, with urt'-rs (i( |)eaie, anJ the cither
five Wi lit b.ick. Mr. Stniih (irdered his wduiiiJi tii
lie ilitflal viilh fdinc excellent liilvc he ha.l brought
Iriiin Kn^land, and told him he fh'iuld live it he had
(pokeii truth.

'I'lity afterwards held a ninfiiltnti'in, and Smith
propofed uiiiiuiiij; the ci.nip.iin ■> ilKcl. ilnwn to ,i
town called Janiaic.i, in pillVlliiui of iMr.Ciiii.ir.tr-
bil', as the place th y w"ie in, wis no way defenlijil.',
in cafe bolHlities coiitiiii.d with the natives. Mr,
llolditch objected that Inch a removal nii;\ht be preju-
dicial to the company, but deiliiiinj; to !;ivc his rca-
(bns, it was thouL^bt projier to examine Antonio, be-
fore they determined. Holditch bcin; named eb.iir-
man, Antonio was called in, who appeared with
many extravagant figns of fubniiirion and joy. Ily
liis account th'v learned, that th? king ha I been im-
polld on by bis trcafiirer, in relation to his die, or
tribute, ot which, bcint; I'enfible, he had lent lix of
his I'libjeiits with Antonio, to aecnnint the Kn^lilh
with the error, and n.-gotiate a peace ; that the kin';
had, in the mean time, ord.'rej all bis fubjeols t.i
difarni, ami not (hoot or oftVnl a white m.iii, on
pain of deal !i ; he added, that his in.ijedv, with bis at-
tendants, wcio in great want of proiilions at tlut
lime.

The examination of Antonio was (Varolv liniflied,
whenoneof the wateh came anil iiihuiiicil llr.in, th.;t
a lin^Ie blick unarmed, wascoir.iiv; fioiii th.' woods ;
ami tint as he walked at t>ertain dillances, li.- threw
biiiil.lf piolhateon the ground. Antoni.i rejoived at
thi<, leapiiiLj and crying. That he was a niellinjer
from the kini;of Sheibero, who by pnivinp the tr.ith
iif what he I li.l, would be the means of prvlerving bis
life.

The niefl' ngcr beini; introduced by Mr. C'nmmtr-
bus, informed them, *' That the king his mailer,
was lorry he had olFeii.led the white men, by demand-
ing of tlicin cole which was not due, as he found by
the confciri.in of his troafiircr, whom he put to death,
us the caul'e of this diftercnce. That his niajefty vias
defirous to be at peace with the white men, and
had ordered his fubjects to lay down their arms, and
forbid them to ofl'end any white man on pain of death ;
adding, that the king and his company being (hort of
proyifions, begged their aflillancc, whieh IhouKI be
repaid when be returned to Sherbero." This mcfl'.ige
agreeing with Antonio's information, laved his life;
but as the envoy ni,ade no mention of the preceding
embally, Mr. Smith alked him about it, and found it
was as Antonio had laid, with this addition, that it
was by Antonio's means this difcovcry concerning the
king's cole was made.

'l"he envoy beini; withdrawn, the king's mcfljge
was taken intoconlideration, and it being the opinion,
that it was againft the company's general iiiterelt to
remove their cfieiEls from York illand, provided a fe-
»'urc peace could be made, they tliouj;ht it would be
proper to ta'<e advantage of the king's prcfent diltrcl's
to brine him to finer terms. It was therefore rci'olved
to fend .VIr. Cumnuibus as their ainball'.idor, to ae
<|uaint the king tliey Were defirous of living in gond
harmony with him and bis fubjecls j but that as bis
niajcfty had, by the ill counfel of bis minillcrs, com
niittcd bolt-lities, by attacking the Knglifli, and lii/.
ing the comp.iDy's eftedts, they were determined, fur
til :ir ii'tter fcciirity, to reniovcfiom York illand to Ja
maicatown, in cat- his niajeltv would not grant the
following pi i\ ilfges to them: Kirll, that lie would
Uvear by bis iVtifli, that he woul I not for the future
vilit York iiLinil with inwie than .'4 .utuid;',nts, and

VuL. I. N'o. 41. .

thef iinaimed. .Seconi'le, Tl.at tum .i'j/( cit •!--
.:ros (liould land on th.- ilhml m a h< llile mai'iier, Ik
ir thiy (hould be put to d.atb. I'liiid'', that Alien,
his m ■jell)'* cole became due, no nmro 'ban fl\ \" 1-
fon« Ihould come to nciivc it. I'l nilb'v, ib.it tiiol''
Chiilliaii] or whites, who iiiii,iliitu! 'ii wh.ilK'ti.
(hoiild have the Ireeexercife of then ri 1 • on.

Whin this bid bieii rtf dvid ujii'ii, ?,.r, Ciimn'-r.
bus let out with the king's envoy lor the w>H.ids •»
execute his coinmilfion, can) Ing wiibliliii ilie l n :'.^
fetilll, found in the canoe two il..y~ liil".e. '1 .e
king w as fitting at the fotit of a filk 1 ott'ui tree, fur-
rounded by a crowd of his fiibjids. 11- toti U) n 1 1
Mr. Cininicrbus, who, having paid his c-ini|limeiit ,
Llivereil his meir.ige i towbiehllie kw.-/. replied, iir
was iiiiwilliiig to be af enmity with the w bites j ih t
wbi n he uturned toSberUro, he woiilil hold a Syn-
lic, and decree the pilvilrges the I'.nglifli difiieo ;
bcLi'ling they would not remove fioin \'i ik ill.u d,
and promiling them ll.ivts, cam wood, ;;n.l Ivory, tu
a good value.

Mr. Cummcrbus being returned, and the king's
ani'wcr confidercd by the c.iuiu il, it was in half an
hour lelolved to remove the conip.iny's efliCli IVpih
York idand to Jamaica town, for the follow in;; lea-
fons : Becaiil'e the Ling of Slieibero w.is a man whole
word was not to be relied on ; that ^drk iflanj was
iinlortilied, whereas J.im.iica tow 11 was a place of
Itreni.ih ; and their pnnilions being much exhaullcd,
the p-acc offered tiicni might, lhtoii_'h ticachcrv,
pTO\r their ruin ; or, at half, be an additional weiglit
to tlie company. liLlidc, the uninval v^•Ollld at
bait iayetlie company the eolc, or tribiit/, paid 10 the
kin-.

Mr. Ciimnierbus returning to the king, kept iijni
in talk till he heard the ^uii they had a;^recd on as a
ligiial, when he told him, in an angry tone, he had
b.'en very impolitic in treating the KiU'lilbas he had
done, by ort'ering to rob the fadtory ; th.it the Kng-
lilb h.id already put the company's elFects on board, to
be carried out of his kingdom down to Jamaica town,
of whieh the gun be bad then heard, wasafignal.
The king feenied very unealy at this account, and his
fiibji. els began to mutiny. Mr. Cumnieibus, attended
by iNntoiii), repaired to a point of the ifland, \vhere
one of their canoes received him ; but he left Antonio
behind to watch the eiun.y. The canoe hail not got
far from Ihorc, when fiver.il of the natives appeared
in puifiiit of him, and let fly ftnie javelins and ar-
rows at him. He could fee their numbers increafe,
but was out of their reach in a little time. The
next day towanls evening, Antonio and fix others,
found means, in the hollow of a tree, to paddle down
to Jamaica town, and informed thim, that after Mi.
Cuniinerbiis's departure, a difpute arofe between the
yiiigand his fubjedls, that the king, 'o avoid their
fury, ordered them to purfue Cumnierbiis, the am-
bad'.idor, whom he acciifed as the caufe of the Kng-
li!h leaving York iflaniL, as ap|Haied by th.'ir remov-
ing to his town of Jatnaica, charging them to bring
him ill-ad or aliyc. This fchenie had 'ts effee'l, for
while they were bufy in the purfuit, the king, (who
dreaded their refentment for loling the advantages of
the company's trade, might induce them to dcllroy
him) took the occafion to withdraw, and was never
beard of more. The native, who, nt their return,
I'oiind their king had abfconded, pioccidid to chul'c a
new one.

i'his new chief, whnfe name was Maximo, dif-
patchcd a flayc in a canoe to Sherbero, w ith nnlers to
the cabofliirs to fend a number of canoes dirc'tly to
convey him and his people from the idand. He then
repaired to tbefaiJlorv, where bepaJled the night ; and
the canix-s ariiving the next morning, he embarked,
after rejci^ling the propofals of fome of his nobles to
burn the failorv.

In the mean time, the (loop with the company's cf-
ffdls arrived fafe at .Jamaica town. Here Smith went
on (liore with Ciinmievbu.'!, and pitch on two good
houfes, which he bought of him for tlic company't

6 G

ule.

)

4r(»

Voyages to the

f':w»

ttii; .V an nfi ril*. At h!s fird |jn<lin;;, hi- wis
nricivci hv .1 iiu'lilwr of fw»>;.l,' Jt fhr vvjl' r-liJ--,
anil Ml- C 11:11111 il'us l,j<iki- m iwiU'l 1..-. i;)ii(i c.i)>'.iiiis
tu biJ (Ik |i^«|iu' (u pay th: ujtiior thr liirlull iiini-
pTinK'iKv, Ahuh »js J<jiil- llrj«. 1 lu'v 'iil) lur-
roiiiitliil liiiii, •Kill (hen twu el (li.m c.itiliir.; )iim
11)1 111 r!i' ir aims tuiroj him <in iScir (hnulJtrs ,<iiil ran
■iw.iy >'. ;(li him >i> ilu' (mv II, nunn^ .iiitl itjiullingas
it fx'HcllaJ i lomc liipmg .iml l);i,i(imp, .iilurs cliAii;-
iii!^ ;ii)J iJirrlur^ii)^ (htir niiil<{uc(s Js taU .c^ jHjIliblo.
At liili Mr. Siiiiih \vj.s alrjul <i/ lunn: iiuk, )iu( lu'
was Toon ronviacLii they dclj^nfj no ill, lor (hiy
rarricii liiin thu.«, iliruu,i;h cviiy ninur «l (he (own,
the women an J chiKlixii gn(hi.iiii|( (o dieir J>Hirs anil
cUpiiin;^ (hi ii luiuls for joy. Diniiii! tins ceremony
(winch iaih'il alHiula tjuartcr til an liom) .Mr. Cnni-
nitibu> hail 1 •Iruiii beating, ;inii a iruiii|ii( luuniliivi*
itt his (liHir, where Mr. ttinith w.fj a( l.ill Lt Juwn,
his bi-arers havinj; ran him ami iIkiihJii's out ot
breath ; CuiniiKrlius lalutit) him wilh a lalioot Tevcn
linall guns plaiiteil near hi^i boul^', .il;.r vvhirh, he
cuniiuctid him iiitoal»r;;e open nxini, ttherc the
cloth was laid for iIihiut, or lathcr lir>|it.'r, it hcinj;
palt four o'clock. The (able was liiwii viiih krcral
tiilloof iKiili-d and IryeJ fiOi, with io.>i>, .is yam;,
and potatoes. The Ircomt c<iiiili:ol' n/all meal, w«^
■ furc-qijarter ol' a yoiKi^ kid, as gimd .'i> veiiif:.<i,
and four large fowls. Mr. Smith never w.in(cd plenty
of victu.ds here, and tolerably well di^fllJ. He
found hi-i Drong liquors liiniUlf, and whiu his fu;;ar
was OIK, they Jrank Madeira wine.

Havinj, fedled the faclory here, Novitiiber the
29th, hi lailcd, rdiiting the town with fu en ij:un<,
which were riliuir'd i.iujil.T. \Vh<n ih.v \rire un-
der fjie, C ip.'wi iCiikham tolj Mr. .Smith they had
but e;'^'il (I'lillt jol .^)J']•.iIa left J ulinh ivjsiuigood
new?', .\ much gri-.".tvr ijusiititv ol lii|ii ir biiii:; luviC-
fary in (It I.- iiotclioutcs (hoi in I.juijic. Hou-lVci,
ani'.iiiriiv^ M Imi-watir lie.ii a (ilan. ivhtic ( « one of
Ihi ( iiou-.i il.is fjij] lome wild fii^ai-r.ines ^^rri*', they
fi'nt hull ai.d iwii li.tvoi in (hv caniie, who in iivo
hi>urs re:uriii.<J with a bundle. Thvle rhiv cat and
prilicd, (Kvj)iiJi tiiitn in u.itc'r, till it v,-i- ('woet
coough to make punch, for (hey li.'.d mm xiid liiict
on board. Novrmbtr the jcih tbvy ."ii out ut the
river's mntiih, and anchored at the Plantain ilK>.

Kirkhjiu b.'iaj; .ic(juimted with .Milfrs. P<-::.'ce and
SanJctlim, t\ ho rilided (hire, look .Mr. .Smi(h on
fliore, u!io u:i!> ill ll•^poi III jrcttin;^ fome knowlcdije
cf the country u|i the river, where llic cam-nood
grows, buin;; hithrno had bnt a lerv impeilcif
arcooTil iTxn (tie iie-;i«f. Tliffe latter told him, that
wlicn tbcy f-ilci a giiod way up the river t>hriJ>eto,
they came iiil" a very hillv OMiniry, where the river
IS »crv crooked, winding i.iiiMuM (he hills, but not
raifei!, except at two iir three catcracK ; tkat one of
ihcm is l.'.i-.e, 'he river fallin;; over t'nc rocki, for
t»-cnty f<Mt perp.inJicuUr, with a 'iri-at noifi-; die two
ofhiT f.iJi' being ineoiiridciaiile ; tii.a -t the lirlt they
are ob'<i;;;d to go on jhorc and dra;; tiieir c.;nocs .ibove
thefa'.l. thsl Jt thf othor, if tlitir canoes oter-fct,
ttircam- wr»!. fink', to the iHitsoni, and in the dry fca
fcn, ihey conic .ind lake it up, tiic rlianne! Iviiiti; then
ouiie Ury. ') 'u;v alw.ns no uji .it the end iH tht uinv
leaiiin, wh.iU );;;netal!y laA> hie nior.ihs, to cut
»i»d .Jit fr.irrh tor ttxth, rct:tii;iiij with tiic next
r jins. 'lilt V lie iiiiriy i-Jit^ ot wild in'iUs but kldoin
receive anv iiuit. ^I^. Siiiii)i was iiikmiKJ, that a
Iar;;f branch <.f i!ie river ilicrbi.r<; emptied itlelf into
ihrf..j t>«-.ir Cape Monte, but was not n.in^alik- for
any vttlel b^ rcaf<in of the J;veat bar iicir tti- «iiouth,
ciUtd Sli-aitjr; otl«twil>- it would bf a Oioil cut
Itcim iiitrr." l.ions to Cjik- Monte.

Sherbiio }li.cr 14 a vciy plentilu! jil.Ke, and diiefly
I'lippliL-s Suna l.coiia witli frtfli pioi iiioiH. .Mr.
Smith tvjs diUfpointed in the informatirin he ex-
pcv-led in tJie riintaiii iflej; for '-join;.; on fli'iio with
Capialn Kukham, they found Pi '.Tt.v 3;,A SiiiuUrfon
were gone in their flosip, iridiiii< to the iinrih for
flavLi, AtKiorunijo: Injkvei'ej, ihey fuuiid Pcarcc's

wife .It l-.nme, like a pind Jiotifi wijr, w itli li.t woirm.
(lavis ah..iit (ur, llriii;;iii/ bi.idv, and cnUMtini' Imn-.
.She triaoil th'Mi ktmllv, -iml IriK loint ol li.i ll.i.ev
(o gii her cocoa imttt^iir (hiiii j and thnu' h |)k- had
no lii.;ar, fhemiiilr thrill lom<- i',oi.d jmukIi with (me
h'Mii'v, of which Kiikhani, unkiHiwn (u bmit*i,
bep,'vxla p'lt to carry mi boanl ilic Uiip.— —

llijre is a iei'^e <il (nnkeii i»«k>, that iiin nfF itit.-
the lea, about a kaguc to (he wi (I nl iheli iiUn, vvhii It
may lieciifilv ililioviriil and avoiihd l>r the bri.ikfr-.
On (he oiitlidi ol this KxU^' (licir nooii lay abi ul four
mil<.~. <liAaiit from fhorr. Jt w.ii> dulkifb wluii ihcv
leIC (Ik- iHe, and licfo're they (;ot a niilr, it ^rcw l<»
dailc, this ciHild nut lee land, mm h Id's their lloiip;
noi was (hereallai 10 be ficii. However, thtyiow-
11! a liuU', while lip and down, uncertiin v^hich w.i»
iIkv wiiit. Mr. Smith at tali ^rcw uiu.ilv, and
di-liivJ K iikhani to lie by all nii^ht, (or fear of iuiimk.^
HI the dark fo far ulf to fca, as to be out of fi<;ht (f
land in the morning. However, fcarin^ a IoiikkIo,
ther .i_:;iiv>l (o loiv a little longer, in ho|H-s of kiin''
lani!, or the iloop. Aliout an hour alter they found
(henifelnes neai lomc fniall bre.ikcis, fujipofing them
to be the ledj;i: «f rocks above-mentioned, wluch
llretchi.d from the fl»ore to the fltKip. Keep-

in;' thefi: to the ri;;ht, they rowed alonj; them, hop-
in;^ they w'uuld i;uide them cither to land, or to the
flocp ; but when they reaciu-d the end of tie n, they
could (ir- no light from the veriVl. Tlii< w:k oiviii:;
to Captain Kirkham's ftayiii^ 1<» lorijr on (liore bar-
}>aining for a man Have, that iiii;ht lb leon unawari-K.
And now they w'le I'uddcnly turpi il'ul with the mar
of foiiir wild O.-all, which Mr. .Smith lii|'|iol<.d to be
a lion. -\s (he iioil'e fe»ti\ed to be near, (hiy rov\td
to.vjrils ir, and prefently lav the land, heiiij' a bright
I'antly b-'..<.'h, with a few mcr.s upon it. Hthiiid one
of (iul'c locks they juftheld their canoe, fo that lliry
were fli-kercd from the fwcll of tlis fca, but dwrlf
not venture on fliore, the iioifc of the wild bcaflt
iilcre.iliii^.

It was now about two or thirf o'clock, ai»l tliey
h:d notbic.'i lonj; there when it br:;an tn ihuiHlcraiia
li;.:hteii, which was the liirc-runii'-r of a violent tor-
nad.'. J'he tornado was followed by ixcclTivi riiiii.
They had no fheltcr in their rannc, and dtird not
(e<.k anv .nirninj;ft the trees, for fear of the wild bealt<.
At day break It g-ave over. 'I'hiv found then that
tltcy w.ir in '^awry-bay, two lea_t;nes to the miiih-
ward of thePlantain-illi-s, which they cruld pl.iinly
fee, but no fijii* cf their iloop. 'I'hii lait mit-fortuin'
was (bo more grievous, as there was no p cfiibility of
getting dry cluath.s. In thi^ lail condition tliev :i'j,n(J
to lou to tlie Banana-ides then in (iiht, four leagues
djilant, to refrefli tlieml'elvtsatoneAir. Boimcrir.a.i's,
and if they could liear nothingof their flcHji, to con-
tinue their voyaj;c along Ciorc in the canoe. 'i Iry
accordingly put off, and, though it was a Innf; flreici
for tlic poor hungry Ci rotncttas, vet necefStv niadi;
thein m\>> llot'tly, ;ill about ten o'clock, the f.a
breeze in^t them in the teeth, .iiid iiicrealcd their
toil nnd loiT.nv. As it happenid, ntithn 1 l}i.d lonr,
for fcciii^ .. f.iil ihnding in (Vir land, they rowed up
for hei, an.l Ibiind flic was their own ilmip, wliicJi
had been driien out to fea by the violent tornadu in
the moruiiii, and WK returning to the Plantain ides,
to inquire about them, feariup; lomc niifcbicf bail
bcfalKii them. .As Toon as thev ij^iit on board, they
ran bciiveeii the Ban.mas and Ca|it: Shelling, <mi (he
tn.iin, .Ti'.d fopruacdcd to Sierra l^eona, where they
arii\cd next day, and at Bcnfc-ill.mcl theday foUow-
ins- Hire the author was ftized with a malignai.t
flier, which cimfineil him to bis bed till the 29th,
nor \v:ic he <^Mc to set on deck till the 4th of January,
V ii:h div th?y arrived at Cip; M.-nluraJo.

On the iSJth of December, th«y failed from Sierra
I.eoni, and on the 25th, anchoivd at Ci.iliiiia«.
Hire lav the Qiieim Klizabeth, dptain C.'rei;'bton,
belure mentioned, who invited Captain l.ivingflon to
take a Chriftnias dinner with him. A letter from
one H;'njimiii dob, (third mate of the Expeib'tion,

Captain

*?!(>■]

COASTS AND IS t. AND3 OF AFRICA.

Captiiil Millim ) who had bicii fic/ril on liv l!u-
natives nf Cj|'c Miintc three months In Inn, .iiid ili-
tainiil there by wjy uf nprilal lor liinie nt their mm
carricil oft' bv an tnglifh tr.uUr. LitAx hearinj; ol
the (J^rrin J-,,./,:iheihS ai i i\ .il at (iiilliiia;, and hciri;:
left hy his own nii|), winie to Captain Criiyhtnu in
redetni him ; but he hcini" huiind fnr Sh.rhLio, Capt.
Livir^llnni' Jj^reed to dn it, when he v<n in Cape
Monte, as ho wa!> b>>und down the coalt ullcr the
ExiH'ditiiin.

i'he Kricndfliip brig, of Kriftol, Captain Barry
commaniler, lanic into the road the lame il.iy. II ■
tik'/wilc (lined on hoard the(^ieen Kli/ahcth ; and,
towards nii^lit, havin;', drank pretty freely, infulted
the two captains, v»ho returned proper marks o(
rcfentinent. I'hij I'o ciiraj;id llirrv, that he went
ton board his own fliip and fired a fliit at the (jjieeii
Elizabeth, which had like tu have lakui away hir
forclhy ; havini^ all') ihrc itened I,i\ in;.Hl()ne to come
en board and «hip him. l,ivin;;llone returned on
board hit own (loop, to put himl'elf in a polture uf
defence j and perceiving the bri^ ftandin;; for him,
he fired fcvcral fhot at her, which obli^jed her to
Ihcer-cff.

'I'hey failed from (laliinas, the ?.6th of Decem-
ber, and arrived at Cape Monte on the 2Qth, where
Ihcy llaid four days. In this time iMvinjiftone red-eined
Crofs at the cxpcnce of about fifty pounds IKrIint;,
and brought him on board the Hon.'tta, where he flaid
till the 26[h of January, when tluy arrived at St.
Andrews, where there were fwAcr.il l'".ii'_lilli and
French Ihips : amongft which was the I^.\p.ditii'ii,
Captain Meltelle, who repaid Liviiig!ltii;e, .iiul tn'k
Crofs aqain.

Mr. Smith obfervcd at Cape Monte, tliat the na-
tives who came off to trade with hini, weie viiy
cautious of comin;; on board for f.ar of being tre-
panned ( and even thofe who ventured im hi. :ri', il
they law any arms about thefliip, immuliately I- jped
into their canoe, and got on fliore. They feime.l to
be verv indullrious,- being all dreflld in thi.ir own
nianulaelorv.'^—

Th-.-y d,p:!rted for Cape Menfurado, on the zd of
J.inuary, wlivie tluy arrived the 4th, and anchored
ill eight fatlvinis water behind the Cape, about two
Jeajues dirtant from the mouth of St. I'.iul's river,
here they lay till noon next day. But feeing none of
the natives came off to them, and bein^ loth to ven-
ture on land) they weighed, failing as dole in ftiore
•spofliblr, in order to take a true furvey ot the coail,
which retarded tlicir voy.i_!;e, being obliged to anchor
every ni"ht. On the 5th, they anchored before Rjo
Junco, in five fathoms water, and Mr. Smith went
in his long-boat to take the foundings and bearing'-.

The next morning they weighed, and Mr. Smith
proceeded on his furv.y down the co::il. January tlic
<)th, they anch ired on Rio Sellos, where they lay
lix days in oiipany with the Proiid.nee hrigantine
uf r.ondon. Captain Cutler. This time .Mr. Smith
employed in taking foundings and bc.iri;ij;5 of the river.
The natives here are civil cno igh to ftrangeis, though
rather fhy of the Englilh. Provifions are not
ticar, though very fcarce, except rice, of which thev
bought a good quantity, and fomc fowls. The I4tii
they had a hard gale of wind at eaf^-loiith-ealt, which
(jbligcd them to let go their heft-bower anchor, and
lower their yards and top-mafts.

Tlie next day, the weather being fair, they fiiled,
and the 2')th, they arrived at Santa Cruz, wh-.re thev
anchored in livteen f.iihonis. About an hour alter,
.• canoe tame off, and thev afkcd o le of the lu: ros,
viho fp(ii;e a little Knglifh, if ihey had aiiv .;;oat:,
hoq!:, or hen"- on (bore ? They were anl'wcred in the
i'.flirmative, which gave them hopes of finding provi
)i"ns pK-ntv and cheap. Next day Mr. Smith and
ilje chief nvitc went on fhorc, and were renivedbv
.! great niniiicr of t!:e natives at the witer-lide, who
rond.ieUii i!'.tm to the town : llu- houfes of which
w !c built live fv' Iron th? croun.!. He imaiiined

bvtiicp ...J.'

and full v.vini' ilieiii, that

thev were not iilid to fie llr.in

ll'.WI . '

.<ri

iiuie briii(^ defiiipw to Mir|iiiu ..l.oul pi<o 'nu.', >n:t
toihechiel man ol ihv town, who i> u fort of p-f
kin[', to nluaiii :' lihfrty In tr.iil'- ( whiih gr.iiii.d
and bung at dinner, he dtfired T.';. Cirle to lit dowi
and t.ikc part with hiin. Thfr tinner wai boili.l
rice and Palm oil i ami one ol the loiil- in waini •
i;ave Mr. Caifc n (hell hy w.:y of Ipm.n. W.'hen li"
had diiied, the king hide liini put his fpnoii In hi.
pocket, which he did, hut in coming awiv , the kiiiij
tidd him he mull not ftir till he pave hni .1 prilmi
inlleail of his (hell. Mr. Carfe gave him fi.iieiiiHe-
nut (if his pocket, which he greedily lo.ik, and dil-
mill'td him. Thev were dila|>pointrd as to piovilions,
here biing notliiii.', to he "ot but fimic .^lal.igh.tti
p ■) p< r, and a liw p.ne-.ippres.

On the I jd oljanu.irv, they left Setra Criir, and
111 the i4t!i doubled Cipe I'alinas : Ah'iit leseii
haiiur, to the north-iall of whie'i, there is a tov 11
e.dled Offend, where they were iiit'i.rnied that the
people of St. Andrew's, the next town, hiul \.\t\\\
made war upon Drewin ami burnt ii to alius filling
the men, v.onun, and < hihU' n virv cheap tn the (hips
then lying at St. .Andrew's. On this aeefunt ll.ey
palled by DrcAin, and j niiiary the zhili arrived ai
St. Andrew's River, whi u tluy foiird the l-:xp< dition,
Captain Meltill'e, bifidis feveral other Kiii;lilh and
French fbips. Thiy ll.iul no longer here, than juft
to fiirvev the B.iv, and ih -ii proci.ded along the rill
of the (^laipia coall, \vh;eh cx'inds Irom t'l^pe Pal-
mis e.ill and bv nnuh :1 "iir 10 !■ ;'.^ues to the river
M.inih.', bv fome called I'io Cohr.i, by others the
liold River. Tlufi- parts aie not near lo well iiili.i-
hirvcl a- the (irain C'oaff.

They anchored five miles to the well of Axirr,
vvhi re is a pretty little triangular lortirtc.'ion,
which mounts 11 guns each anple having a battery,
\ iz. the two to the land, three tuns e.ch, ;iiid that to
the le.i, five. Here is a large, populous in ,10 towr,
built under (helttr of the fort guns, a> all the Luto-
pcaii forts on the (Jold Coall have.

Seven or eight leagues fijuth-eaft of Axim, is
.incther large and beautiful fiirt, bu.lt by the lUjii-
denl.urghcrs, but was in the hands of the Dutch,
and well kniwn by the name of Conny's Cift c, as
already mentioned.

Th-.v anchored near this famous caftlc in fix fa-
thoms on the 6th of Kebruaiy towardv night, a Canoe
came off from the Dutch chief, to acijuaint ih ni,
that if they wanted wood or water, thrv n.ii;l.t be fup-
plicd. On the 7th they depaitcd from Kiideiiekrtjui!;,
Dixciwe, Sccondi, and Conimciid.i(at all which places
.VIr. Smith llaid to takefurveys) On the 17th they an-
chored in Cape Coaft road, where they found feveral
fhips. When they lay at James fort, they found
a letter left bv an Englilh (hip from Holland, di-
recfed to the Dutch general at El Mina, which they
hrou;!ht to Gape Coaft; and Mr. Smith thinkina
this a good occafion for him to take avicwofthrt
cafllc, went thither with C.iptain I.ivingfione, in a
large canoe, to deliver it to the Dutch general, who
it leems, had pretty good intelligence: Mr. Smith
imagining himfcif unknown and unobfirved, inno-
cently walkeil out to look about him, but was im-
mediatilv fidlowcd by the general, who pulliil him
bv the (lecve, and in an abrupt mnnner hul hi:ii b.;( k
to the great hall ; while he tidil him, that iheu^h
he came ahro.id to carry all Ciuinea in his poekft,
yet he fllould not take I'.l Minacaflle with him. This
at firft fiirprifed him : hut rioovcring a little, he toKl
the . encral, he thou;;ht him a perfim of more know-
ledj,e, than to Im.igine a man could atti.n-.pt the fur-
vey of a place without ]ir( (kt inffruments ; and as l.c
h.id none, he wondered how he (hould i'uf'peft it.
On thi-, the general pstifed a little, and fccmingcon.
>.ernid for his treatment of Mr. Smith, he dcfircj
him and l.ivingflonc to llav and dine with hjm ;
which they confentcd to. f-Ic then (hewed Mr.
Smith fome unfiniflied dr.nij'his left by the laft Dutch
fiirvevorf, fcnt by their Well-India company, rn th'
' fcm~

V f) Y A O r, S I (» 1 H K

;i«3t.

fiinr Turvrv Mr. Smlili hi 1 in h nil. 'I'lic K<'fk vri\
i«iil)> iiii, liui i)i<-iiiiJi'ii.iiiii 1 I1.11I ilnU, Usirclhiv
mull' liiiilli (Ih' liiiliiirl-.

I hry Uilol liiHii Cj|t.' C<\.n on llir 7 j 1 .11 Mjrch
At It «4> ihr tilln rihj oi'lliv Jry l..ii< 11 iji.it. \Vj.
I' r V.M' fo (i4ri« in llu' jjarril'Mi, ih^t ihi-) r.) jM fjurc
liiiMi' (ill ilini lhi|l( iifi' ; iIk re hi 111^ mi wjiri wilhiii
•■'4ht ini!.\ of t'lpi: Co.il), l>ui wh.il Ihvy piclcrvc
il'iriir.: (he rjiiH' Icjliiii, in .1 i.Tiir vjuWril tank 01
(liliiii uiiJiT ^I'Miml, III which ail i.iiii IH (.'••ntrycd
li'i 11 Ihi l.ip. ui liu Mm;;"! by \cdi\r» jupn. t)n ilii-
341I1, tiimhiDi; at Tiniumiiinrri, the """'h, t'i't
Ihiy JiiihciK'tl Jt Wiiinrluh in tin- ijUiiini". IKir
thiv were lii|)|ilieil wiih );'Hi.l tnlh »,Ui 1 niit ol ilu-
tuiik III tlir iiri, ,iiiJ (h iii^h tb.'\' c'rvw u-v.-ral toiK,
Ml. Siiith ci.iilj not p Ik 1. 1' tliiv hjil !.>i\i-n-il the
w.ii.r lix iiiihi's uhi'iicc hr ronvliiJiil 11 haJ a Ijiriiii;
ill it, iho holtiiiii b-.Mii!; Jii iiiin rock.

Ihf iKih thiy inUj Ihhii W'ijiii b.ih, anil nn ihr
'4i'ih iiiiihui.J .It .\i-hiTa 111 li^ fjihoii,-. li being lowl
Jiitky j'touiiil, ihiv bent ihrir llicrt c. liiv, m omUt tn
111 !;ii. III cjk-ih.ir ii:h..% |i.i,ii>!. J'hc l.iin'inr,
pl.iLO 14 pKtty 111.-, b;'iii;4 fli.llit.d by (oinr Imjll
loiks which lie cirt' Ivforv ii, anJ Im ik I.Sl- violence
<>t th.- w.ivcs. \Vhi|c .Mr. Snilih ll.ii.l .it Achi-ia,h<-,
one fvciiin-, 111 roinpjiiy wilh an Kii>;)iJ)i fji^ot,
waJkfJ by til.- ^;.ilv- ot the Dutch (.>n, »»hi:ic Uoml
foinc of (he Diiiih );cntlvnirn, whi> b.in;; kintwn to
til.- f.iclor, he t.ilki-j a while wiih iliun j buithtv,
roiitfjry to ciiilnm, never alkcil him in, or inviud
him whili- he w.ij ili-.-re. Smith fuppofes, tliry jui-ffej
who hi.- w.l^, aiiJ bail orders from ihiir ^cncLiI at
Kl Mini, nm to admit him, for ft-jr <>> hit iiukin/
(>bl. Tv.ilii.ni.

In w.-ij;hin:; fr.mi Aihcr.ion the 3 I of Ajiril, their
c.ibic |).t:i'.l, but ih-y Id i;olheir ilurl Jiubnr, »vUuh
hiintjiii ■. thiir (hip !»■ tnily iij<, thi v fit I..1! f<>r Whi-
li .li. C>,\ the jth, thiy ir<'/i>l ihi' nxnitli <■> ih
j;u.it nn I \'iilt.i, 1.1 i..llul liv ibc j'orru.uiU 1 11 .ic-
I'oiinl of ill rjpiditv, ivhidi n li> viuWnt (li.l it
c.iuli-s .1 :pliii.i, .iiiJ th'n-.vs the colour of (h.: wa-
ter, at 1'mII ei^t ba^iHN frmii flinre. A: ^Uy-bivak
on th; 71!), t!u-y cjine 10 anchor in WhiJ.;h roid in
feven fitboins uatcr, mid fjlutid the furt, vrHich is
more than a lea;Mie from fliure. 'IS., v : -wnJ I vin;;
lu-re three French, and two I'lj^ii-juiiV O.ifx. 'lln>
is tlic molt dan;_eiiiu» landinp;-pl;ic^' in rll (jiiiiK-.i,
the fei breakiii^; and rolling at fut h 1 vail ilillatKc froai
fhorr, that no I urrtpi-.in boat cuii cvinn? Willi in 200
yards nl it, but niul^ aiichur at a i-cw.-d diftance, aiiJ
wait for canoes to ronie off, and c:iriy the |>,oi>ds and
pafTi-n^ers nn fli ite. I'his the dextrous raiiuc iiic-ii
;;enerallv Jo iiiih I'lfeiy, though the condaiy tou of-
ten happen?. L'pon notice of ihcir arrival, linoi-
niocks *crc fcnt 1! 'iin to the wauT-ijde, and a lar)>c
r..noe came off t'> their boat to cany them «mi fliote,
u'hich it did »i'hi>ut any duna'.;e, but a little wet-
ted. iMr. Siniili « a< amir- 1', fthi 11 thev );ot jnionp^ft
the lar.'c bi<-aket«, tolcowiih what ilcxi.tity thcnc-
pros raiiied than ihioiish, and ran their c inoc on t!i<
top of 0.1C of the ru'.Iiii-j: waves, a ;.,oiid way nn fhorr.
'rhi«d IR-, they Sil KaptJ out, cind Jri?_'ed it uji
the hr.ch Icn t^-I yarJi beyojid the rcjch of the ncjst
ict'iT iiin^ \\'i\ e. —

Shi()s tudiny here have alu-;iv< tents on flvorc by
wayof ivarih'/.urc'., to Iheilei their gnxls, .At Mi.
S null's lanliji;, he wilked up inuiie of the trench
tents wherx- the mate, \vhi» hjd the chaiee of the
tent, being an Irilhman, ofTtriilhini a v'lal-. of br.Tn.li,
which he accept'-d. There vitie a uicit many an-
kirs piled up in the tent, wliich f.-rnu-J all wct on the
Out-fidc ; .Mr. Siiiilh .it5v(ii;r ih; icafoii, w;is toW they
had been diinn oti lhi<re tUut nionimg fii.Hn theti
long-boat, and that one of hi-; men, icntiiiing a
little too far -into the fea after an anker, which was
carried on fliure, hsppcned to be feized by a finnll
Ihark, whom he cnciuintcred »Jth his knife, .md ihf-
cnga^ed himfelf ; but the retiiin 'ti the iic\t wave,
which fet him a float, br.Kj!;ht in two other (harks,
that in amooieut (i;re bitu iu piccc«, aaj Jctuuird J
hint. <■ 11

JI.1- li.iniiii.Al* Uiiij; 'r»Jy in t:rt\ ih.m to tf
l''i, tluy p'l in, atij vim i;ikiii < \(i ihi>v iit.i-
lii n.)! .miihJ on me itt: li'-, ijuy chn)« 10 wJk,
ilii- 11 mil ly Ik It.;: very |.l..l.ini. Ihr Kii ;!i(h *iij
ti iirliliitt. font here ui'in iiii/.^im iIm.i ul talk
.ilur, Uiii^ lonipolij ot iln.k ii.iid Wilis, nui.it.d
divpl\ i..iir.ij I lie l-.i- ;(./li lurt, v, hi> li is »cry l.n^-. ,
lu.i;mld rtlii|i{ b.alirii^, llouiltCil With I- jMsCi 1 I
lua\y i.inni<ii. Subui.liinili In iti., j;. kiii.iiisiit i»
thi Ciclniv ol Jkijuiii, .di.ut iSn ib ^ ditlant to the
i»ll, .nn! llut id .Sjbi (i>c iiiilei ilitiant to lh<-iHM.!i,
yyliiJl was tin n lediitul to ifliet by tlir kiir; ot i^a-
lii'ir.e. Ilisliirt ci;ii(]iult v\ustli.it iif Aiibah, tilty
null ^ 111 the iiijtth-wi.ll 111 :».itii, in 1-24. Ibt kiii.»
id Atdi.ih lulling at ih.il liine fi ii.c slclim,* w .ill
tliiicin-ir liab'wni at \\ ludali, and ace uiiisiH<t Le-
iiij; liltltil, he <kl.iiiKsJ one .\li. l.arnlv, .in I- ny-
li/h l.iiliir, at Aldi.ili, in hi>pe< to bun;; .Mr. ISalJ-
uin 111 airmiiit. in this intutal tli<r city ul Aidr ib
wisbifiei^J by the king of D.ihiMiH's ainiy, and .■!-
ti I a iKut leOllanie l.ikin, the kiii^ til Aidi.ih hini-
(i]| Ik .1.^; killed at his pal.ur gatr. Mr. l..iii.:iiHua
bioii)>,hl jiijfuner before lIickijij;of ]).:hunii\'» gioe-
tal, who, furprifed at fu firair;t a fij^uir at a white
ni.in, fpaicd his lile, and cniind hiiii aiaiaiilylit
the kin;; hij iiiaffcr, who was then -ioo iniUt WitJim
land, where never a white man had been (veii bJorc.
— -I)urini< his ciwifjnemcnt hire, he wiote .1 Kttei to
(inieiiinr Tinker, who fumeikd Mr. IJald.'.lii .it
WhiJjh, mid lorw.iidril .Mr. inuih ti..copy.

I"his prill r, ill tin- b, culling; tif libiuarv, I72f«»
laying 111 ;e to ihi' j^iiat ton n .md liii ol .Sabi, tlu:
c.i,n,il it Wiiidih, wliirc the klm;|elided, ji:U O.Tt
Kr 'Jilli, I'ur.rb, ind I'mlu m fe, ii.ul l.iil, ly houK ».
Ill a ici»h(iiirs he luiid lit. ,ilact .li he liad done .\r-
ilih j iiily lilt nijjefty <.t V\ hi.i.di, vhu v>at \cijf
tjt, ihinkiiu; h n.klf tmi bulky to li.ht, '\ 4s con-
iHiesl .,1V, ly 111 a h-imniKk by .1 c>i«iide ot lluidy jit-
;.',io--, JiiJ Iu lace 1 his lilr. l"he Liirojicjii f.w.li>fii-«
» » ; e p! u niKrcJ, and the while men t..kcii pi liut?ci«,
and (.irritd up m thi- camp a; .Aiduh, wJure ihrkinj;
ol )>..hiiiie then wa<. \l'h..n (Jovevnor linker
was ..iliiiitt'.d To an audH-iicc, he toid Ins iii.ij.jiy Ji^
niult.il..,' the whiie-i cimlJ he .1 mi hrviic tu t.'iat
ciiuatry which was brtnnic his by c^jujucH, tu: > a
tli« cniitrarv, -aimld dtlcr iil ihi;-s fu«ii tr.uJii'.^ then-,
and a hat would then biv<ime .i| lijs i^ranJcur f The
k-nj, fail'. It ivas veiy true, and .aIFuk.! the ;;oieiia»t
lie h.ij f,i»in no luchoidcr* to his ;^eii.r.il, but t,';al
he aii.l the leftof the t iiroju-anr. Wi-rc atlihittv to re-
turn to ilieir lorts, as they did a fvwdiys .liter. L'ul
wlK-n the I'n^lifhaiwl riciuh };ovs.-rnnrs «iie 1.11 «'..eif
ntinli thmiigh .Salu to W hi .ih, tin; l)ah..aic ^c-
uerjl tiM.k uccaliuu to fet the /.utory honhxni f-.rc,
belurc their fafe«, without the kinj^n orJer-. This
inisjorlune wasan-eat ^ritf to tin in, cfiieci.i.ly to iJie
1- r nch d iretfor, uhoh.id no i!. lien <il retuiuuu t«
ICurdp", a<i !;ocernor Tinker h.id, but raihtr lit jhJ
to Ice S.'oi rebuilt, and trade ridoredj but the '^iiit-
ral /jon put aiiciiJ jo fueJi luipi-N. Inordu to li.iin
lip tlic e.iuth.jfhis Jrmy to f;ure nnbli)j.l/i.r ihc lake
iif pluiiJ.r, this l'a\a_!.c eaiiJ J iJie boj j tf Jus tamp
((nine lit whom were not . Jiove fcien or tji^btytais
old) to cu: oi3' the heads of llieold arid wounjtd Oavc*

tvh.i uerc i:ot lit for Ulc.

Th.-city of Sahi WJ-i jbout iivr miles in circum-
feieiKe; tlic hiiuCce iK-atly built, thou];h oujy niiij
waJis c.nertJ with thatch, h:ivi:i^ no (h.nc in aJI <Jie
countjv. n nvcviT, the laci urus wc.c Kuilt ufter the
Kuiojiejn inaniii-r, being lofty, fjuciotis, and i. ly
aiir, I untainin:.'; many iicm, ind c-mveiiitiit ;'.p 11-
nieiu-i. Farh had a fine lai ge ojieii ball, with ^i.<il
baKonas .nil iipim the firft flour, .nnd un.lirii, .ith
wcTC the warchcmJes. Thcfe contribtitid ittv nuitlt
not only to th.- ruir.fort and farisf.'.cli.in, hut alio t<
the health of th.; Furopeaiis. I he town wjs foe
coedin;; populous, that it W.1S diliicull 10 p .A thf
llreit-, ihon;;h vtry broad. Here uer- daily markciv
flored with niinv lints of Fiiro|>iati, as well .is Af-
rican cuiDiiitiJiue«, b'.fiJ.'s vajic.y fri pruiirioi-.

il'1-]

Coasts and islands of Africa.

Ncjr lilt' Kurnpean (ii\ntif, tlirrt wit • Tpicioui
pUc^- Di.i.lxl Willi tiill liro, under winch the Kuro-
pviii initclunit tni\ c.ipl.iiiit Iranraitrd buliiicU tt c<n
« chiller. All ihil'c pUi'ct wttt rcvluccd U> 4A1C11 by
Ihc colli) iicrur*.

Before Wi- cnnrluilr lliii account i( may not he
aniil'i to brin|', lla- ic.uler dii|U4iiilr'^ with tlu ptH:n( Ihc kin^ lit I).ihi>nu', a« wc tinil tlient t(\ >i<^<i
by one olnur loiinliyintii.

" At VVhiJ.ili, biliire it* diniilulion, 'lierc were
two Kuropejii l.iclunei. I hi faJ \V4* » >!■■ port
lur all n.itiiin>, and it wa< iom^mi J that alxm , w<'
lluiul.iiiil iir^ioj were yiaily expon J fiom ihoncc,
•nd liuiii the lu'iglihouring pLicii, by the F.n^lilli,
Flench, Diiuh, aiiii l'<iriu)(iielr, ami that tht ,'<.<>|il«
Were I'o civiliU'J by lliii tominrrct', that it wa< a
pliiiruri' III deal with ill in, I'lie |;ic.iiklt Inronti
iiicncc ihiy ruHeriil w.n, the ihievtiy nf tlir coiimii'ii
fuit, who were very iL-xuroui and bold in ihat
praiilicc : thuu;:h il' taki 11 in llie (ii\, they become
llavet to the |KTl'im robbed.

•' By the cuftiiin of polv^.tmy, (if being ufual for
a great man to h.ive lunie hundredn of vsive« and
concubine*) ihi- land waH become fu liocked with
pcuple, that the vvliole counlrv appured lull of lown«
ami villai',e«, and being a viiy rich foil, and uell
cultivaleil, il looked like .111 1 iitire )(ardcii. A loii^
fluurifliiii^ ti.idc had likewile ennchid ilie people,
by which meaiik llii-y grew liixiitiims and (11 eH'emi-
liate, lhat though they could h.ive limught at leaft
lOO.OCO men inio the field, yet they wi ic driven out
of their piinnpjl city by about ;. o nl theii cnemien,
and at lall lo(l their whole couiiiry to a nation they
had formerly conlemned.

" The king of Whidah cominj; to the crown
about fourteen yearn of age, the government fell into
the hinds of the grandei^ 1 who, by iiulul;ing liij
humour, kept the piiw:'r entirely to iheml'elves till
tills levolution, when he w.is paft thiity years old.
He was a very lal'civious prince, h.iving lever..! thou-
fandt of women in his court, by whom he w.is ferved
in all capacitic", for no other Icr.ants were allowed
to be there. This weakiiefs ended in his ruin ( for
the gr^iiidies purfuing each his p.irlieular inlerelt,
became fo many tyrants, which divided the people i
and fo they became an ealy prey to their common
enemy, a far inland prince, the king of Dahome.
Thin prince had formerly fcnt to retjuci) of the king
of Whidah an open traffic to the fea-lide, offering to
pay his ufual cuitoms on negros exported, which oc-
iiiu, refufed, he vowed revenge whin opportunity
oHcrcd. This threat was fo much flighted then at
Whidah, that the kini; told the author foon after,
ihat if the king of Uahomc Ihould offer to invade
him, he would not ufe him when taken according to
their cuftom, which was, to cut oft' his head j but
would keep him for a flave to do the vilell offices.

" The kingof Dahome being a politic and coura-
geous prince, h.id in a few years conquered as far
towards the Tea coaft as the kingdom of Ardrah, the
next inland country to Whidah, where he thought
to have rcm.iined quiet till he had fettled his conqueil ;
but an accident foon called him again to arms, for the
king of Ardrah having much injured his own brother,
named H:iflar, the latter fent privately to him, oft'er-
ing him a large fum of money to revenge for him his
brother's affronts. This the politic prince foon lift-
ened to ; and the king of Ardrah difcovering the
ctefiign upon him, fent news of it to Whidah, begging
affiftance : but the latter imprudently refufed it, fuN
fering the Ardrah army, of 50,000 men, to be totally
deferted, and the king himfclf taken : foon after
which, he was beheaded in the conqueror's prefcnre,
according to the barbarous cuftom of the black
princes.

" There wat at that time in the country of
Ardrah, a white gentleman, named Rulfinch Lambe,
who having been lent by the goveinor of the African
company's fettlement at Jaquin, on fome bufinefs to
the king of Ardrah, was detained by him, under

Vol. I. No. 41.

pretence that the company owed him for 1 huiidii.d
flavci formerly lint ilnwn to their f.ii^lory. I h.. kiii||
lent wuid alio to the governor, Ihat if he did not
forthwith ililcharue the debt, he would make Mr,
(.amiie. 'I°hl« the goveinor rrluliiig, I..inil)v ic-
mained a prifomr, (but teiy kindly ufed) abi'Ul
two years, till he wat taken in tliii war by the king
ol Dahome.

' Ueing brought into the king'* prefmcr (whonc-
HI (j''<.>re had (ten awhile nun) he was liealed vtiy
kindly ttif hit majelty, who loiiii alter gave hiiii ,111
huulhuld, Willi many fervantt, and loiiie ol liik near
rtUiions forwivet. After lie had leinaiiird ihiii iicir
three yi !r>, he was at hi» own reiiu. II, diliiilllid b/
thit prince, with -t noble prrlent of gold and Haves,
III Older 10 fo 10 F.iiK I'l'; Muieovcr, the inhubii.niis
of the losMis and viilaucs hj pnlied tlirougli, in l)>*
w.iy lo J.iquiii, were ordered, l>v an (.xprels niilllngii,
tu lliew him all polHulc rclpiil, aiul piuud« nobly
lur hitenteriailiiTfrnt.

Tint Lambe had always ilifl'iiadid the king of Da-
home from invading Whidah, as will mi account of
the great nuniliLis ol the iiiluliitjiils ukd lo lirc-aiiii>,
at ol the afliltancc ihcy would li.ue iVmii the whil. :>
refideni and trading there lor their own inierel). lint
alter his departure, this 'irinte linJiiig by hit Ipc-,
how much ihc great men and piopic were dividid, ami
that the king was only a typlier in the uoveihiiient,
marched afj.iinfl thfin. The liill p.irt ol the lomi-
try he invaded was the northeriimolt,of v^'liith a i;ic,ir
lord, iiainrd Apparag.ih, was heuditaiy t>.ovtnii'i,
who forthwith lent lo the king loi allill.iiui.^ Iiui
having en'-inies at court, who wilhtd his delliucliuii,
was refuted I whertlore, after making luiiic liiile it-
fillanee, he fubniitted to the king of Dahome, who
received himverykindly. Theconquell of App.iiar.ih,
^ave the king an tafy entrance into thj heart uf thv
country i but ther.e he was obliged lo halt at a rivei
which tuns about half a mile to the piincipnl town
of the Whidahs, called Sabi, (already mentioned)
the refidence of their king. Here the kini; of Da-
home encamped for fume time, not imagining he could
have found fo eafy a palFage and conquelt ts he met
with afterwards : for the pals of the river was of luch
a nature, that it might have been defended a^ainlt hit
whole army by 50U refolutc men. liut inllead of
guarding it, tliefe cowardly, luxurious people, think-
ing the fame of their numbers I'utKcicnt to deter the
Dahomes from attempting It, kept no guard ; they
only went morning and evening to the river fide to
make fetifb, that is, to offer facriHce to their prin-
cipal god, which was a particular harmlcfs fnakc they
adored and prayed toon this occafion, to hinder their
enemies from paffingthe river. This fort of fnake it
peculiar to their country, being of a fingular make,
very big in the middle, rounding in the back like a
hog, but very fmall at the heaa and tail, which ren-
ders their motion very flow. Their colour is yellow
and white, with brown ffrcaks. Tliey are fo harm-
lcfs, that if they arc accidentally trod on, (for it is a
capital crime todo it wilfully) and bite, no bad ef-
fect enfucs, which is one reafon they give for wor-
fhippingthcm. They have likewife an antient tra-
dition, that they have always been delivered from any
impending calamity, by imploring the fnakc's alFiff-
ance. But however this fell out formerly, it now
ffood them in no fort of fervicej neither were the
fnakcs themfelves fpared after the conqucfl ; for they
being in great numbers, and a kind of domeffic ani-
mals, the conquerors found many of them in their
houfes, which thev treated in this manner, holding
them up by the middle, they faid to them, *' If yuu
are gods, (peak and fave yourfelves ;" which the poor
fnakcs not bcine able to do, the Dahomes cut their
headsofl^, ripped them open, broiled themon the coals,
and ate them.

" But to return to the king of Dahome, he wa«

fn polite as to fend to the Europeans, then refiding at

Whidah, to aflure them, that if thty flood mute,

they fhniild not receive any harm, iu tale they proved

(1 H ' ««it-

i>l

„ „„^jiBK23Jt73l

4«1

VOYAGES TOT HE

conquerors, but he would reireve many itnporitions
laid on their trade by the king of Whidah. On the
contrary, if they appeared againft him, they mud ex-
pert his refentment. This meflage put them to a di-
lemma, for they would have gladly retired from Sabi to
two mud-walled forts, belonging to the En^tifh and
French African companies, which arc within three
miles of the fea-fule. However, finding this would
have been refented by the kingof Whidah, as a dif-
coura^emcnt to his people, they wore obliged to re-
main in the town ; never fufpeifling the inhabitants
would have ran uway in fuch a cowardly manner as
they did, or that they (hould (lure the fate of war
with them.

The pafs of the river being left witliout a guard
to thecareof the fn;ikes, the king of Dahonie's ge-
neral fcnt 200 men to ford it, which having done with-
out oppofttion, they marched towards the town of
Sabi, founding their mufical inllrumcnts. On this,
the king being informed of it by the out-guards, who
ran ijitothc town, immediately fled with all his peo-
ple, making no refinance, and with a great number
of his fubjeCls went to an ifland on the fca-coaft,
which was parted from the main Lind by a river ; but
a great many having no canoes, were drowned in at-
tempting to fwim to thr; iflanJs near Popo, the next
country on the fea coaft to the weftward, and many
thoufands, who (helicred themfelves among the buihes,
pcrilhcd afterwards by fword and famine,

" The Dahome foldicrs entering Sabi, immediately
fet lire to the palace, and then fent their general word
of their fucccft, who brought the whole army over
the river, hardly believing his own eyes. Mr. Du-
port, who was then the African company's governor,
told the author, that when the Dahome foldiers, who
had never feeii a white man before, came to his houfe,
they flood in a maze, and would not venture near him,
till he beckoned and held out his hand to them. On
which they laid hold of him, and finding him a man
in all refpcfts like themfelves, except colour, fooii
laid afide their reverence, and taking from him what
he had valuable in his pockets, made him prifoner,
with about 40 other white men, Englifti, French,
Dutch, and Portuguefe, who were fcrved in the fame
manner; amonjift them was Jeremiah Tinker, Efq;
who had but juli before refigncd the African compa-
ny's affairs to Mr. Duirort, and defigned to have cm-
barked in a few days for England ; but Signer Hercira,
the Portuguefe governor, cfcaped from Sabi to the
French fort. Next day after the town was taken, the
white prifcners were fcnt to the king of Dahome in
Ardrah, abc^t 40 miles off, hammocks being pro-
vided for them, as is ufual in this country. They
were brought into the ki.g's camp, and feparated ac-
cording to their difFcrent nations; but for fomc days
badly accommodated, till they obtained an audience
of the king, who excufetl it by the common fate and
hurry of war; but promiffd it (hould be othcrwife
for the future. Accordingly, in a few days, they were
fet at liberty, without any ranfom, and Vent down to
their rcfpeiSive forts, but could never recover what
had been taken from them. The principal gentlemen
were prtfcnte<l with (laves, and his majelty allured
them, as foon as he had fettled his conquell, he would
make trade flourifli, and have a particular regard to
their intercfls."

The king of Dahome having dcftroyed Sabi, at-
tacked and drove the king of Whidah to great diflrefs.
who retreatinc; to fomc barren illands fortified the
paflcs, and thus prevented his enemy's defign of de-
flroyinehim, who now contented himfelf with keep-
ing poflclTton of the country, by an army encamped
at Sabi. Hut, in time, this army dwindling, cn-
ctjuraged Captain Olfue to fettle himfelf near the
French fort, about four miles frojn Sabi, trufling to
its great guns for his protcilion. The king of Da-
home having notice ot this, rcfolved to fend an army
to drive out Ofi'ue, who, upon that report retired,
with many of his people, into the French fort^ lit
tie thin>.iiij of the governor's treachery.

Next day, the Dahonirf irniv cut L-douis .u <I j'.-
tacked the fort, which could nut l.uvf avaii il niuil ,
fince they had only fmnll arms, hut it I. 1:1s (I
thatch of the houfc took lire, v.hich fo ,iI.iim:u!i' •.
whites, who knew there was a great deal of vjui-
powder in the magazine, and no pcflibiliu . I ih ,.-
ping the fire, that tlicy fled to the Eimiilli !,ii,
within mufquet fhot of their <jvvii ; hut ilie iwj'^,. ■
line blowing up, killed above one thuulaiid 'jl. ■ k>,
bcfldes wounding many. Howevi-r, Cnpt.uii Oiiii.-,
and leveral of his people, efcaued like wile to the
Engl ifh fort, where Gtiveriior Wilfon, the Afiicaii
company's agent, gave them pre per pnt.clifMi. IL-
alfo to prevent accidents, ordered ^1 the hdules in tlic
furt to be unthatched, and flriiij^ nn the })alii'nu<:,
killed a great many, and kept the rtll at ;> propei dii -
tance.

The Dnhomcs (helteiing themfelves in the Film !i
fort, fcnt thence til Governor Wilion, to know tlv.
reafon why he had fired upon their army ; to which
he replied. That feeing them comedown luddeiiiy,
and fell upon his neighbours, he thought it the com
mon caufc of all the Europeans. 1'he D<<hoines ai.-
fwered, that when they came do\\n, the) hae. no de'-
fign to attack the French fort, h.iung no quanel with
the whites; but that the governor having taken Cap-
tain OfTue and his peoph into it, contiary to his pio-
mife, obliged them to ail as they had dene. At the
fame time, they told the goveriK. to his f.i,e, tLat he
had firft (cm to the king by a French furtein, thin
refidiiig with their inafler, to ptrluade his luajefly t"
fend an army down to deflroy Captain Oilue and his
people, proniifing to give them no protte'lion. This,
tliough denied by the governor, yet gained credit by
11 prefcnt, who looked on it as a contrivance to get
money from Captain Ofiue for protecting him ; how-
ever, he met, (fays thenuthoi) wiih a fiiitable re-
ward afterwards, being killed b) the Whidah's, whom
he had fo much injured.

As foon as the king of Dahome was informed of the
taking of the French fcrt, he fent to the governor,
to let him know that he hruuglit this misfortune on
himfelf by his perfidy, for that he had no quarrel
againft his n.Ttion, therefore would order his foldicrs
to repair the fort, which had been greatly damaged
by the powder ; or if he did not defire this, he might
depart with all his Frenchmen, to his own couii-

I he king of Dahome having conquered and ilcpo ■
pulated leveral countries within :\ l.vv years, the kinq;
of Wiir.cy's fr.ns, with other princes, whofe fathers
this country had taken in war and beheaded, fled to :i
far inland, potent nation, called I-os. The king of
Whidah, after OfTue's defeat, having found means of
fending mcflcngers to the king. They and the other-,
who had fled to him for protetSinn, obtained of him
an army to march againft the king of Dahome, whom
they all looked on as a cruel dellroyer of mankiiul.
This nation of I-os fight all on horleback, and li\-
ing a gre?t way to the north towards Nubia, ihiycan
only march fouthward, but when the fcafon fur fo-
raK and dry weather fet in.

l"hc king of Dahome had notice of their coming,
and having formerly expeiicncrd tb.e difadvaiiLige of
his army, confiHing of foot only againft horfc, bu-
ried his riches, burnt his towns, and then fled to the
woods and thickets with his people, which is .1 com-
mon thing among the negros for the weaker fide to
dov\hen at war, having no fortified towns, asin Fu-
rope ; fo they that are maflcis of iheliolJ, eonimaiid
the country far and near.

'I'hus the king of Dahome diUipointtd the I-rs,
but Appragah and his people, l.itely conquered by
the Dahomes, not moving in time, abundance '-f
them were taken, with all Appra^ah's iiche', and
himfelf nariowly efcaped, wiUi only a lew ler-
vants.

After this, the I-os marched on in qucft of the
Dahomes, who ftill fecurcd ihemftlves by keeping
in the buflics, till the rainy fMlbn cjii c on ; wliieh

obligi'ii

17^7-]

COASTS AND ISLANDS OF AFRICA.

4fij

obliged tlii-ir enemies to retire, the Daliomcs returned
to tlicir own country, and rebuilt their towns again.

About this time, Goreinor Willon departed from
AVhidah, and left in his room one Mr. Tcftcfolc;
who had rtlided there many years, but was no Ways
equal to him in prudcnce,as his unhappy fate wilTlhew.

Though this peil'on had been ofttn at the king of
Dahome s camp, where he was always uled withfjicat
civility, yet now, believing the King reduced, he
advifed the Whidahs to re-enter their country. Thele
accordingly being aflifted by the I'opos, through a
viewofre-cftabliOiing their trade, railed together an
army of 15,000 men, and encamped under ihc king
of Whidah, near the Englifhand French forts.

This thcDaliomes knew nothing of, till the '<ing
fcnt (ome tr;iders down with flaves j they returned
with news that greatly embairafleJ his Majefty i for
he had loll many of his beft foldicrs, whillt the I-os
kept him in the bulhes, and befidcs, had lately Tint
an army into the country to take flaves ; for he drives
no regular trade in fl.ivcs, but only fells fuch as are
taken in war. However, he extricated himfelf out
of this difKculty by llie following ftratagem.

He ordered a great number of women to be armed
like foklicrs, and appointed officers to each company,
with colours, drums, and umbrellas, according to
tlie negro faihion. Then commanding the army to
march, the women foldiers were placed in the rear
to prevent difcovery. The furprife of the Whidahs
at feeing fuch numbers as they fuppofed, of foldicrs,
brought a panic upon the grcateft part of them, who
cowardly flying, giive the Dahomes an opportunity
of falling upon Oflue's party with Popos, and foon
obliged them to fly in their turn. The king of
Whidah ufcd all endeavours to flop his party's flight,
vtrounded feveral with his hnce, but all in vain, and
at lalf to favc his life, was forced to run into the dry
diich of the Englifh fort, where, by the help of two
ofhisfons, he got over the wall, and fo cfcapcd the
enemy's fury : but many of his people were killed
and others taken.

This affair put Mr. Tcftcfole under fome diflicul-
tics, but at lafl he perfuades the king to leave the fort
that night, and efcap- to his barren iflands again :
however, the king of Dahome being informed of all,
and that the governor had been the occafion of the
revolt of the Whidahs, highly refcnted it, and hav-
ing furprifcd him, afterwards at the French fort, put
him to death by torture.

I'his prince left a fmall army at Sabi, and return-
ing into his own country, many banditti of other
nations reforted to him j fo that in a few months,
he found his power as conftdcrable as when he fled
from the I-os.

Mean time it muft be obferved, that though his
large territories of many hundred miles extent, in a
line country as any in the fouth part of Africa, yet
is he only a great king in name, for want of fubjedts j
for having deftroyed moft of the inhabitants ot the
countries he conquered, hris cruelty drove the reft
nway to other nations. In the next place he gave his
word to a great number of the former inhabitants of
thofc parts, that in cafe they would return, t^liey
(houki enjoy their priviledges as before, on paying a
cert. .in tiibute. This brought many thoufands to
return into the kingdom of Ardrah. nut as foon as
they were fettled, the Dahomes furprifcd them, and
killed or took captive, all who could not ei'cape.
Hence no bo'v will venture to trull him, and the
country in all | jbability, v\ill remain a waile during
his life. By this means the trade of Whidah is almolT
ruined : for the far inland people having no markets,
and the Dahomes uilng no tr.idc but war, few negros
are brought down to be fold to the Eut ^peans.

After ftlr. Tellcfole's unfortiuiatc t-.iie, two white
men running away from th> i .1 <.Iifli fott, informed
the king that he might eafilv.tk it, there being only
fout white:, ictt in thepl.icc. Cut he replied. He
had noquiircl with theEn^iiih nation j for that what
had been dona to the late governor, he had brought

on himfelf by his imprudence ; and he hoped the
African company would fend a fitter perfon to com-
mand the fort for the future.

Sometime after this, coiifideiiilg he (hould cer-
tainly be invaded by the I-of, as loon as the feafon
permitted, he fent large prcfints, together with one of
his handfomeft daughters, to their k>iig. His ambaf-
fadors prclenting the great men at court with large
pieces of coral ( which the I-os cllecm above all
things ) obtained an .idvantageous peace : for confir-
mation of which, the king of I-os lint a little while
after, one of his daughters to the king of Dahome
for a wife, who was received with gicat joy by thr
kiiig and his people.

The king of Dahome having concluded a peace,
as above related, viith the I-os, being a rcftlcfs am-
bitious man, marched far inland agalnll a nation
called the Yahus ; who defended themfclves amomtft
their woods and mountains till the rainy fcafoi) ...e
on ; the king's army mutinied, defiring to go home :'
on which he put fome of the principal officers to deathj
only tor mentioning it to him. Upon this, fome of
his captains defertcd him, with many foldiers,
amongll whom was one of his fons, v\ho fled with
4000 men to the king of Wimey.

Finding himfelf in thefc circumflanccs, he refolveJ.
to make one grand eflort on the Yahus ; in which,
though he prevailed, yet they made a brave retreat,
where his wearied foldiers could not purfue them.
So that the king returned foon after to his own coun-
try, with the lofs of moft of his forces and his
reputation.

Upon this, the people of Jaquin began to take
heart, hoping he might at lafl be deflroyed. There
redded at this place a Dutch gentleman, called
Mynheer Hertog, who carried on a confidcrable trade
into feveral dillant countries, by means of a river that
runs from Jaquin into the bay of Banin. This per-
fon, in conjundtion with the king of Jaquin, ilirred
up the king Wimey, and feveral other princes,
againft the king of Dahome, and fupplicd them with
ammunition : of all which he being iiifcrmed, rclblvcd
to be revenged. But the better to deceive them, gav«
out he intended a fecond expedition within land ; and
accordingly ordered his general to march towards the
inland parts ; but in the night the army wheeled ;ibout,
and with great expedition came by the wav of Whidah
to Jaquin, without being difcovered, (though there
were about 15,000 of them) till they were jult enter*
ingthe town.

'rhe king of Jaqiiin, with many of his principal
people, efcaped in canoes (whicfi were .nlways kept
ready for fuch occaflons) to an ifland he had fortified
in the middle of the river rowards Appah, ten leagues
to the call ; but he loll all his riches, and his mother
was taken. Mynheer Hertog alfo fled to Appah, but
loft every thing in the faiSlory, then full of European
goods to a very great value. However, the con-
querors not fatished with the rich plunder of the
town, according to their barbarous cuftom, made a
terrible carnage of the people, and tc^ complete the
deftruflion of the country, fet all the towns and
villages on fire.

Several European gentlemen and fadors were made
prifoners on this occafion, and, among the reft, one
Captain Robert Moor, who commanded the Squirrel
galley. I'his gentleman (as well as the reft in his
fartory) was obliged to walk on foot with the con-
querors to Ardrah. The French and Portuguefe
accompanied them, and were brought into the pre>
fence of the king of Dahome, to whom Mr. Moor
could not help making fome remonftrances (though
evidently at the hazard of hi« life) on the ill ufage he
had received at the hands of his majcfty's troops, ai^
in particular remarked that he h^J no vifluals ; but
this was foon remedied by the king's breaking up a
caflc of beef with a hatchet, and fupplyiug their
neccfliticsi though the Pottuguefe thought nothing
leTs than that the conqueror was about to execute
thcni all with his own hands.

Having

*•

iiiiiiflit tit

♦*♦

VOYAGES TO

ri E

E'7i7«

Having refnflicd them, ihey were diltributed ac-
Cottiing tu their nations, under the care u{ fcveral great
men. Captain More and his people were delivered to
Allegi, the Englifti cabofliir^ that is the perfon ap-
pointed to trade with them in particular, who treated
them with great civility, but was llizcd and beheaded
a few davs alter, though they could never learn the
caufir. Mure, and the other Europeans, continued a
good while prifoncrs, till Mr. Dean, the African com-
pany's governor at \Vhid.ih, came to Ardrah,and ob-
tained their freedom ) thereupon a guard was ordered
to lee the captain fufe down to Jaquin, but he chofe
to go by the way of Wliid.sh, liom whence he took
his paflage to Jaquin on board a French vtlFcl.

It is to be obferved, thit ilic king of Dahome was
by this time grown very jealous of the Europeans,
and feemed to dil'ipprove their method of trading for
flaves, which appeared by an extraordinary fort of
declaration he made ;is an overture for re-ettabli(hing
it, but which could h.irdiv be undcrdood as fuch by
the Englilh, to whom it was addrefled i namely,
•' That the natives niiglit and would fell themfelves
to the Engllfli — CanJiiion cf'tut ii'ing carried off." — A
condition which he well knew would never be ac-
cepted.

Moft fcnfible and humane men have confldcred the
(lave trade as a difgrare to humanity in general, and
to Chriflianity in particular. The account given of
it by fuch as have been concerned in it, with their de-
fence of the pra<£lice, may not be here improperly in-
troduced to the coiifideration of the reader.

Firft, it is obferved, that the negroes, by a longcuf-
tom, make (laves of all their captives taken in war,
who were put to death before the (lave trade was efta-
blifhed. — Moft crimes are punifhcd by fines, which
they, who cannot, or will not pay, are made (laves ;
but the latter clafs are redeemable by their friends,
and confequently fcldom fnid to Europeans. Though
the people on the fca coaft never fill their children,
but when they find themfelves reduced to great extr*-
mities ; yet thofe of the inland parts often adopt this
practice, without being under iuch ncceflity.

From what has been obferved, they fay. It appears
that a number of ufeful lives arc favcd. They alTert,
th.it negro*; live much better than in their own coun-
try i are of great ufe if carried to the tugar iflands,
where they can cultivate the lands better than the
white people, and ihat is doing a fcrvice to the negro
nations to tranfport thefe (laves fo as that they may
not return again to their native country, whereas, on
the contrary, they arc rauch wanted by the European
nations.

The concluding argument madeufc of by thofe who
are concerned in this favage trade for man's flcfh, is.
That the ai'vantages far outway the inconveniences,
and at the word it will be found like all fublunary
til! ■ 4^, a mixture of good and evil.

\ et it appears that the negros themfelves, who
ought to be the befl judges of their own happinefs, are
of a different opinion. Moft of the flaves are hardly
ufed, and many, even where that is not the cafe, prefer
death to that flavcry, which is thus glofled over, with
the Ipeciout name of convenience.

Hence arife fo many mutinies, hence the whole
crews of European velT.ls are fo often cut ofF by the
rifing of the negros, who hazard every thing to re-
gain the liberty which they are deprived of by the mtoft
cruel of all policy.

According to the account of thofe who declared in
favour of this tiaJe, theft unhappy wretches arc gene-
rally coupled together with irons, and often be^t and
buffetted about by the failors, and even ufed in
fuch a manner, that fomc of them conceive the
Europeans to be canibals, who delight (irft in tortur-
ini them, and afterwards in feafting upon their flefh.
They are kept confined below decks, except at fuch
timts at it is Hcccffliry (to prevent their fickening,
■iy\w, and infeiting the (hip's companv ) to come up
on deck for the air m fair weather. They are fed in-
deed twii-ea-day, but cfien fcantily, and always on

the worft of viands, fuch as horfe-beans, wtierc they
are to be had, and the like coarl'e fare. If we follow
thefe poor crcatares to the Weft Indies, (hall we fee
them better treated? Certainly not. Some few ex-
cepted, they are put to the hardeft of labour, go naked
in the fields, are driven about like dogs, and have
only the force of cuftom to reconcile them to their
wretched fituation. When this is confidercd, we
may fairly infer that the (lave-trade is the inoft uii-
juftifiable traffic ever carried on by Chriftians in any
part o( the woild.

We (hall couclude hete, taking our leave of the
Coaft of Guinea, with a fummary defcription of thoJi:
parts of it, which have fo^un occurred in thik
work.

Guinea is a large extent of coaft, reachin? from
the river Scnaga, to Cape Lope Gonfalvo, and even
as far as Cape Negrae. The name, which is un-
known to the natives, and in ufe only with Euro-
peans, was firft impofed by the Portuguefe ; probably
from the country of Ghertchoa, mentioned by Leo
and Marinol, which firft occurred on the fouth nde of
the Sennga.

It is commonly divided into two parts, the Norik
and .South Guinea ; the firft extending from the Se-
naga to Sierra Leona i the latter from one of the capes'
above-mentioned.

South Guinea, which wecomenow to treat of, is
fubdividcd into fix parts, or coafts, the Malaghetta
or Grain Coaft, the Ivory Coaft, the Gold Coaft.
There are other divifions of it, according to the fancy
of navigators and geographers, but this ucffis the moft
juft and natural.

The Malaghetta, the Pepper, or the Grain Coaft,
taken in its largeft fenfe, extends from Sierra Leona
t* Growa, two leagues eaft of Cape das Palmas,
the fpace of i6o leagues. Others make it com-
mence at Cape Monte, 53 leagues to the eaftward of
Sierra Leona ; and foroe confine it between the river
Seftro and Growa, which reduces its extent to 35
leagues.

I'he coaft from Tagrin, to the ifland of Sherbero,
is encompalTed by the Baixos de S. Anna, or Shoals
of St. Anne, and runs fouth-eaft by fouth, forming;
thelarge Angra, or Bay of St. Anne, which reaches
almoft to Rio'de Gamboas. On the north fide of
this hay are the iflands Bravas, or Bananas ; the
largeft of them is the higheft land, and affords wood,
water and priivifions.

The five iflands, called Sombreros, lie on the fouth
of the bay, producing plenty of oranges, lemons,"
pinicntodct cola, or rabo, a long pepper, wild wine-
palms, and fugtr-canes ; bananas, bees-wax, and
cam wood ; befides angclim, a timber fit for building
(hips. The natives make foap with palm-oil, and
palm-tree a(hes, which is fo highly valued by the
Portuguefe in thefe parts, that they will not fufter it
to be exported to Portugal, left it Ihould undo the
foap-boilers of that kingdom. The natives pretend
there are gold and iron mines in their little ifland, and
that they were fcparatcd from the continent by an
earthquake.

The depth of the bay is from five to eight fathoirus
mud. Four rivers run into it, whofc banks are lined
witfc man-grove trees, loaded with oyftcrs. The Rio'
Banquo is navigable for large (hips } the reft are not
much frequented, the adjacent countries being over-
grown with thick forcftt, and abounding with wild
bea((s.

I'he Rio Gamboas is two leigues to the fouth of
the Sombreros, having a bar at the mouth. The
town of Coucho lies 15 leagues up it, whither (loops
trade. From this river, to the Rio Sherbero, the
coaft lies fouth-eaft. It is formed by the ifland Sher-
bero and the continent, very large at the entrance. At
the weft end of Sherbero lie the three ifles of Tota, ia
a line. They are low and flat, with rocks on the
north-eaft fide. Their produce is much the fame as
on the main land. They are called Plantain Iflands
by the Enslifii, from tkat plant.

4 TiM

I727-]

COASTS A N' D ISLANDS OF AFRICA.

4(?S

'I'hc inaml Slicrbcro, xt tlic EiuOlfli cuW it, is ii.n-
mcil by llic Pm liij;vicl'.', l''.iriilh.i, nr i'liuiiocns ; by
tlic Dutch, St. Aiim-, ()i- Malla Qii.j.i j anJ by the
I'lciith, Cicbv-ra. It txtcmls caft lijuth-call, about
to iL-ngiics, and is ail over flat land. Tlie country
abounds in ricf, niaili , as alfo in bananas, potatoes,
Indian figs, ananas, citidns, oranges, watcr-nicUons,
;iiid the tVuit cola. Tlic inluiars are pa!.\iii>, and ul'e
circumcifion.

The river Shcrbcro, called by fume Madre Puniba,
by others Rio Selbuba, and Rio das I'almas, is very
lart;e, and rifing Car within land, dd'ctnds to the fei
thiou^hthc country of Uulm iMcmu, a land lull of
moralli.s. It is navigable for fliips of burden twenty
leagues upwards, to llic town of Bagas, or Haga,
where the Engli(h have a factory, belonging to Iju-
1am, and floops of 70 or 80 tons may afceiid 30 miles
above Kedham, 250 miles from its mouth ; but the
channel grows nanower the higher one goes up, and
in many places is almoft choakeJ up with buflics,
which grow along the fides ; befiles, in April and
May, the fit time for getting the cam-wood, of which
there i^ great plenty, it has fcarcely nine or ten feet wa-
ter ; but in Auguit and September, after the rains,
its depth is fixteeii orfeyenteeii feet. The navigation
is interrupted alfo by frcinient tornadoes, at whofc ap-
proach th.- (loops n.uH call anchor, or be faftened to
the trees growing along the (hnrcs, which arc v.ell in-
habited by very tivil people.

, 'i'his liver ubounds with crocodiles^ and water clc-
jiliants, a wild and dangerous animal.

The binds of Silni Monu, are fifteen or fifteen
leagues fa 11 her, and b yoml Silni,is(.^iun,'Miira, a pa-
pulous to'.vn, but the iiiHalii'aiUs not tlie bell naturid.
It (lands b".'hijid a greni woiJ, not to be feen fumi the
fliips ; is VLry large, but the houf-'S mean and b-w,
excepting nuL' in t!i" n/.d,!lo of the town, where the
principal negros liul'l tiieir p(1' mblic^.

The ailjae.'Mt country is very po|)ul;U'', the nativrs
1il;e iholoi of Sherbi ro, corinu/iily v.'.'ar a frotk ol
Itripcd calico, having all the famcc'adoms and man-
ticrs. The foil llkevsife proiluces the fame kind of
plantsandanim.il,> with tli.ic i.O.iinl. The cam-wood
here is a much belt', r kind of red « liid for dying than
lirafil, and reckon. d tbc bdt in all C.-uinea. It will
fervc ("even times for ufc.

The Sherbero receives hear the fea, the Rio Torro
at north-weft, and Rio dc St. Anna at fouth-caft,
lioth large rivers. I'lie Torro overflows twice a year,
but being Ihallow, and choked up with little ifland',
is navigable only fir Unall tjarks. From the foutli
Jjoiilt of the 'Sherbero river, to that of CJalinhas,
I he coaft ftretches call fouth-er.ff, eleven leagues, flat,
low, f.vampy, an. I marfhy, all covered with trees,
:ind inhabited.

Uio de (Jalinh.i<, called by th? natives Naqualabari,
rifos in the lands of Hondo, and runs thiough the
countries of Bulm Monu, and Qi,iilliga Monu, to
the fca, having two iflands in its mouth. It take
its Portugucfe nam? from the plenty of poultry. The
Europeans bring from hence dry hides, and elephants
teeth, brought down the river from Hondo, and Ca-
rudoba Monu, countries continii:iIly at \v:ir and
the fubjcifts to the king of Qinija, ivbo n fide, at Cape
Monte. The tide tuns very high to north-caft, along
the coaft, and the wind blows nioKly fn fli from the
tnrth-weft. I'he winter feafon here is from May to
Oaober.

Rio Maguiba, the next river, denies entrance to
iargo (hips by a bar. The Portuguefe, (who call it
Rio Nunc/, an.l Nuc\a) traded to it formerly, as
did the French ; but at prclcnt, it is frequented mo(t
bv the I'nglith, fur elephants teeth, failing up to the
village Dova Ruj:i. Higher up it is choaked with
tocki and f.ills of wattr.

Til - coall from kio (lalinbas to Cape Monte, is
lew and flat, fiockc I with vilIag^^s. The river Ma-
vah, or .^.;lf^'.lh, lU fiends finni the mountains, 30
leagues inl.iiid, near the Cja'vi nrgros, and running
into a large .uul deep clianii^l thiough the Danvvatc
Vol. I. No. t\-:

country, about a league on the north fide of Cape
Monte, is lo chi.kcd with fands, that it iu\er enters
the fea above once a year, at the time of its over-
flowing.

This river before the conqueft of Folgas, was in-
habited by the I'uy Monu negros, whofe king Flam-
burrc, commonly refided at the village Jog-Wonga,
on the weft fide, about a league and a half from the
k.w after he had quitted the town of Tomwi, at
Cape Monte, to the Q^iojas. Tlic king of the
l''olgas dwells on an ifland in the Lake of I'lizoje,
the better to avoid the infults of the Dogas. The town
'Fochu lies oppofitc to Jog-Wonga, where Flam-
burre refided for a time, when threatened to be
attacked by the Folgas. Two leagues farther up the
river, on the fame fide, is the village Fiji, where
formerly lived Tiji, the brother of Flamburre. 'I"wo
leagues higher on the fouth-fidc, is C"amma;.'oja,
and a league behind it, Jerbof..ja, over againft which,
the king had another village, from whence there is
a road through the woods to Jera IJallifa, three
leagues dilhint towards the fea, belonging to Flam-
burrc's eldeft Ion.

The coaft between Rio Maftah and Rio Maguibab,
is full of villages and hamlets, where tlie negros
make abundance of fait.

Cape Monte, called by the natives Wafh King,
is difcovered at a good diftancc from fea, (hewing
like an ifland in form of a faddle, Ixinga very high
mountain, appearing like a lofty ifland.

[At three leagues diltancc, one meets with thirty
fathoms water, black clayey bottom. 'I'he bell: an-
chorage is about three <|uartcrs oC a nule north-we(l
of t!ie point, in eight or twelve fathoms, where vcf-
IjIs may ride fate from the wind ; but as the fea is
always rough on this coaft, the failors are always
obliged to wade, and carry the o(ficers and goods on
Ihiiro i the negro canoes, if not Well manned, being
.ipt to over-let. J

The land which is low, produces a finall quantity
of yams, as alfo potatoes, and abundance of rice.
T'he fruits here, as well as on the (jold Coaft,
are, panguavers, bananas, pine apples, Sic. They
arc but indifl'erently (locked with cattle, having nei-
ther cows nor hogs, and but a few flieep. Nor have
they much poultrr, but what they have is good.
Here are numbers of elephants, tygers, harts, bulfalos
and other wild beafts, and the river abounds with
fi(h, which they catch v ith nets.

The courfe of Cape Monte river lies north-eaft
and (buth-weft, and it waters a very fertile country.
At a hundred paces from the fea, is a plain of fevcral
leagues extent, covered with o.xcn, cows, fliccp,
goats and hogs, amongft which the deer, roebucks,
and antelopes gr.izc peaceably. This plain is full of
villages, abounding with poultry; (uch as common
fowls, pintadocs, or CJuinca-hens, geefe and ducks,
which increafe wonderfully. Millet, rice, maife,
pulfe, arc alfo equally plentiful : fo is fi(h. I he palina
wine is excellent, and the air very tcnipiiate, from
the north winds, and innumerable rivers of pure
water, which run thiough the country.

The natives of Cape Monte are generally agreeable,
mild, fociabic, faithful, difintcreftcd, and very in-
duftrious. Their chief eniplovnients are, planting of
rice, and boiling of f.ilt, both which thry are obliged
to do for the king, whofc flaves they are. They fel-
dom arc at war with their neighbour;, chufing rather,
if any difierence happens, to end the nir.iter amicably.
Fach man marries as many wives as lu- can m.iiiitain,
:<nd as the women here work hard, tluir keeping i^;
not very cxpenfivc. Fhry are very contented, and
fecm not much concerned at what liberties they take
with other inen. All aiTts of government are deter-
mined by the votes of their cabo(hirs, who arc the
principal of the leading men at all towns, their expe-
rience or courage, having given them that fu-
pcriority.

The drcfs common to both (exes here is the tomi,

and the plaiting or briiiding ol" their wool. 'Fhc tomi

6 I. the

I I

^1;

' i

481')

VOYAGES TO THE

t':-'.

the women t!c about their hips, and it fails hnlf w;iy
down their thigh nil rouml j but the nun bring it
luulir their twilt, and I'aften it jull upon the girdling
I'.irt behind. 15oth take great delight in twifting ilic
wool of their heads into rirglcts with gold or Ilunef,
BiiJ bellow a great de..l of tiniC and genius in it.

■J'hc natives of C.ipc Monte aie ehaiilier in thi^r
wav of eating than the rc(t of tlicfc n.ili.>ns. 'I'Ixy
tile bowls made of a hard wood, and bafons of pewter
(T copper tinned, which tliey keep very neat ; they
road their meat on wooden fpile, but have for;;iit
wh;!t the Kunch taught them, to tuin it about,
lor they full ro.ill one lide, and then the other.

It ih certain the Normans had formerly a trade here,
and the Rouen company, in lOiff, a fettlement j
liUiUL;h it is at prtfent uncertain how, or when they
abandoned it. When the India company, in r666,
and i66g, lent Ihips here, the king, then leigiiing
here, received the French commander with great
kinJnefs, andconvcrfing with him in French, granted
him a tiee trade. Tliis prince was a tall, veneiable,
old man of lixty, called Fallani Boure.

'J'he En-lifti and Dutch, and others who trade
here, buy many fine mats and pagnes made ofgrafs,
which 51C very beautiful, and of a bright yellow.
Alio great quantities of i\ory of the f me goodncfs as
that of Sierra Leona. 'I'he teeth which thefc peo-
ple bring from the north, are not fo white, but much
larger, Ionic weighing 200 pounds weight. 'I'he
Europeans buy here the Ikins of lions, panthers,
tygers, and other wild be. ih, and about 1500 (laves
tveiy year. 'I'hefe hill are brought by the Mandingo
nKiehants from the inland parts of Africa, for only
criminals are fold here, and for the king's profit.

Here is alio fome gold to be had, which is probably
brou;;ht down by the fame merchants j fo that it
would be worth while to have a factory here. The
foic-lls yield plenty of woods fit for dying, cfpecially
in red. 'Ihis wood the ncgros cut, and bring it to
tlicllioie in blocks of four or five fiet long. The
Fiii'jifli, who buyagre.Tt deal cf it, prefer it to
lii. Ill wood, wliieh was fornieily lb miieh cllecmed.

C.ipe .Menfurado, is about fixteen Icigiics dilhint
from Cape Monte, there being a high land between
them. This mountain, which if, not near li) high as
the latter, is round and large, being almoll furrouiided
by water. The fide fronting the fea, is Itcep and
high, that to the land, more penile and accelliblc.
The top is level, and the ground much b.tter than
might be expeifled at fuch a pl.ue. On the call is a
b.iy of ct iiliderable extent, terminated by a nigh
Iind, Cincred u ith large trees. On the Wed fide is
another large bay fomKd by the river, whole mouth
is ill the middle of it. Thele two bays arc fcparated
by a long narrow neck of lai.d. The cape lies in fix
degrees nine minutes nf north latitude. That
part which projeils mod to the fea, runs fouth-cad.
A river fmaller than the Mcnlurado, which comes
J.oiii the ead, falls into the wedern bay, and is navi-
gable at high fea lor twelve or fourteen leagues. 'I'he
water of it is always brackilh, but it abounds with
filh.

The Portiiguefe call the river Menfurado, Rio
Diiro, on account of the cruelties of the natiics when
thev madaered fomc Frenchman there. It runs fird
north-wed for eighteen or twenty leagues, after
which, it makes a tuin to the uonh-eaft. Its courle
after thi-i is unknown.

i'he tide flows up the river Menfurado twenty
le.iguc; at the liafon of the equinoxes, and eight or
nine rte red of the year. They obfervc, in the rainy
months, the water is fait only about three leagues
■ibove the king's ifle, becaufc of the freflincl's of the
I„nd rtood>. The river is very pleafint, in fome
plicis as broad ■j.s the Thames at London ; and
fringed on eaeh fide with thick groves of mangrove-
tiivi, which are always green.

Though it is uncertain how far the dominions of
the king of Menfurado extends inland to the north and
■ ,iuh'iall ; it nay be piefumeJ they arc not fmall,

from the number of forces he cfn raifc on par.icular
oecafiiins. His limits to the cad arc the Rio June<',
twmty leagues from Cape Menfurado ; and to the
well, afinalliiver, half way between that and Cape
Monte.

All this country is very feitile, gold is to be had
here, hut it i^ unknown where they get it, orwheiinr
it is the produce of the foil. 'I hey ha\e as good red
wood here as at Cape Aloiite, and leveiid kinds of
wood proper lor bein;". wrou /ht in c.ibiiiet work.
.Sugar canes, indigo, and cotton, thrive hcic wiijioiit
cultivation. Their tobacco, (of the management of
which, the ncgros. arc wholly ignorant) would he
excellent, if it were carefully nianufacluird. The
lions and tygers do not hinder their (locks from in-
crcafing piodigioully ; and their trees are loadid with
fruit, in Ipiglit of the devadations of the monkeys:
in a wold, the country is rich, the commerce aJ-
vantagcous, and might be greatly augmented by thole
who could cultivate the frKiullhip ot the people, for
it would be in vain to think of making a fettlement
by force.

The natives arc of a good dature, ftrong, snd well
proportioned, have a martial air, and arc very brave,
as their neighbours have experienced, as well as the
Europeans, who have vinturid to provoke them.
They are fenfible people, who think judly, cxprcfs
thcmfelves well, and underdand their own intcrcfls
as well as their ancient friends the Normans.

Their drels, cattle and fruits, arc like thofc of
Cape Monte. The cabofliirs wear a driped frock,
reaching to the knees, and if they can get an old hat
they are very proud of it. Elfe they wear a party-
coloured ozier-b:ig upon their heads.

Their arms aie lances about five feet lonrf, with
pointed iron-heads J fiuall bows, and arrows aslieinltr
as a reed, mod of which were always poifoned wii'i
fome black ingredients, which, if it touches the blooJ
kills inevitably, if the part afF-cled be not immedi-
atily cut od'; their arrows have no iron heads oj
featiiers, neither do they ever (hoot them point-bliink,
but at random, but iiotwithdandingby this iriethod they
will come very n.i.r the mark they aim at. 'Jhey carry
Iquare targets ol thin board, i.biiut four foot ionr,
and two bioad, vviih convenienclcs on the infide tu
hang them 01. the left r.m s, but 10 as their hand Is
tree to manage their how.

The country is VI ry populous. The villages arc
large, and fwarnr with childrui, becaufc the women
arc very fruitfgl, and polygamy is allowed; bcfides
none of the n.ilives (criminals excepted) arc Ibid for
(laves.

In the midft of each village, is a fort of dagc raifcd
like a market hall, about fix foot above the ground,
to which you afccnd by a ladder. It is called th^:
calde, or place of converfation. The floor and roof
arc like that of their houfes : It is open on all fides.
Here they meet to tianfaiSl all their bufincfs : fo that
it is the exchange of this country, or r.'.ther a kind of
negro cofl'ee-houfc ; the indolent go there to fnio.-.k
and chat, the politicians to liear news. The rich
have their mats carried there by thi ir (laves to fit
down; others carry iheirown ; lomc hire them frora
the king's officers appointed to take care of the
place.

Their houfes are very neat, and their kitchen even
with the ground ; open on the fide freed from wind,
and walled on the oth'-r three fides, with ftakes co-
vered with red clay, which binds well, though not
mixed with lime, and lads long. Their bed-chambers
are raifcd three feet from the ground, to avoid the
inconvenience of the dews. Thefe houfes refembic
pretty much our mountebanks dagei iu Europe.—
I'he front is open, and the floor has a jutting outof
five or fix feet broad, where the negros, laid on mats,
pafs the day with their wives and family. The walls
of thefc chambers are of red clay near a foot thick.
The roofs, raifed like a tent, is covered with reeds nt
palm leaves, foclofe interwoven as to admit neither
fun nor raiii. To the right and left arc two cllradcs

f';;

177.7.]

COASTS AND ISLANDS OF AFRICA,

**v

or benches, one foot high and four broad ; on thcfc-
arc iii.ils a foot thick, wnicli are covered wiih cot-
ton ilolh, or calico, and furroujuicd with curtaini of
th- fame. At the upper end of this room, they place
thcrr tiiinks or boxes, and their arms upon the walls.

In thi: middle of their apartments, tJKV laife a
fquarc elevation of about lix inches nigli, and two
feet oil each fide, on which they keep aconftant fire
night and day i in theday to fniokc, and inthenight
to drive away the flies, and defend thenifelves fiuni
the ccdd ;ind nioiftnf fs of the air. There arc as many
chambers as the perfoii has wivc«, with whom lu lies
by turns, and they arc proportioiuil in bignels to the
number of each family. I'he wife in who. e cham-
ber the hulbaiid is to pafs the 11 -,ht, has her lord's
fupper --cady. f'hey have iikcwile places in which
they (lore their provifioiis.

Their religion is a confufcd idolatry, often changing
their divinities, or fetilhcs. 1 heir ;:doration of the
fun is more fixed and conllant, to whom they ofter
f.icrifices of pahn-v.ines, fruits and animals. For-
mcily they oftereil !iu!)un viilinis ; but this cultom
has cealed fincc thev U.und the profit of felling their
priionersof war to foreigners.

Between C.ipc M.nfurado and the river of Seftos,
ther-.- are f.veral rivers; the fiilt is that of Junco,
(called alfo Riodcl I'unte) in five degrees, 50 minutes
north latitude. The m(iii:h or entry, lies fouth fouth-
caff. It is known by three trees, on a Iniall riling
ground oppofite three mountains, a great way in
land. The mouth is broad, fome fay tour or five
hundred paces, but has little water. It is planted
with trees on each fide, which form an agreeable pro-
fpcft. All the fliore is bordered with orange, citron,
and palm-trees. The co.iiter,'' who trai': here, ufiially
anchor at the mouth of the river, where difcharging
a gun, the negros light a fire on the point when they
have goods to fell, and this ferves as llic fignal for
trading.

'l"hc country between Sierra Leona and the river
Sellos, is divided into feveral tfrrito.'ies, p.^rtii ularly
thofc of Dulm, Silm, ^.^^i lli.<.i, Honili>, Galas,
Caradabo, Galivcy, Folgias, (^loia, ■.:..; leveral
others. To each of thcfe names is commonly added,
eithrr M^now, or Bercoma ; Menu, or Monow,
fi^jnityinj; people, Bercoma land, in their language.

Forty milc> to the fouth-eaft lies Silm, where there
arc leveral towns fcatcd on the river ; and atnongll
them the city of Qiianamora, Containing 5000 fami-
lies, a treacherous people. The Sherbero, which is
the chief river in the country, divides towards the
inouth, into two branches : one running weftward,
the inhabitants name Torro ; the other defccnding
fouth, the Portugucfe call Rio dc S. Anna, 'i'erio
twice or thrice a year has but little watei , and by rea-
fon of many ifl.iiids in its channel, is navigable only
for boats.

The country of Qiiilliga lies near the river Ma-
qualbary, by the Portuguefe, Galinhas, (or of Hens)
upon which, about 230 miles, dwell the Caradabo
Monow. It riles in the country of Hondo, more to
the north. All thefc countries are fubie^ito the king
of Q|ioja.

The country inward ffom Wabcongn, or Cape
Monte is called Qiioja. It is inhabited by two dil-
tintt people, the Vcy-Bercoma, and Q^ioja-Bercoma,
which were both fubducd by the Karows. The V'ey-
Ucrcoma are the remains of the ancient inhabitants of
the river Maffah and Cape Monte, once a populous
and warlike nation, extending as far as the countiy of
Monow, but, at prcfent, reduced to a handful of
men.

The territory of Hondo is fome what to the north
of Galavey. It is divided into four principalities,
Maflillagh, Dcdowach, D.ingurro, and Dandi, the
chiefs whereof arc named by the king of Q^ioja, each
having equal authority, piid paying a yearly acknow-
ledgment to him, by their envoys, in prcfentsof brafs
kettles, bafuns, qua-qua tluihs, red cloth, and
fait.

The CondcQiioj as, that is,Highf.}u j.i?, atf r.eijih-
bours to th;; Iioiido Monow, and h.ive a l;\n^ua^o"
diM'ereiU iVoin th.it ol the (^injas. T.ie l(<l.;i..^-, auJ
.\luMuw co'iiitries arc watered liy t.ic rivcis Jiin.^ and
Aaeredo, v.'hieli I'epa.'ate the For;i;s jicm the K."r>j\»
.\lono»^, although tiie uiiig ol K.;irinv letld.-s near ti: :
country of Fulgias, evti liiice ilvir union, whi.Ii
Willi iluir tonijucit over the lututs, occafioncd :«
great change.

The Folgias, as well as (ho Ruin and Silm, call
the fuhjects <.f tliis emperor, Mnu'i, ih«t i-, Loiff,
the (^iuj.i5, Mjiidi-.Nieiiiow, thertf;ile of the Lainl.
1 Ills i:> to honour ihcnifeves llv; luur:, a'l King his
tributarcs. Hut c.ieh of thele p'tty kings h;M
anabfolute autiioiity in his own di!lr:eU, and can
make war or peace without the coiilenlut tne em-
peror, or any other of whom they hold.

'I'he Qiiabi-Monoiv:> live about the river SlUo".
They were tormerlv fubdueJ by Fleiilirc, king of tl.c
Folgias, but haie liiicc rceoveud their former con-
dition, depending fulely on the .Monow emperor.

The vegetables, animals, &c. in this part, par-
ticularly the country of the Qiifins, .ire niueh ihc
fame, as thofe in the former diviliu.u of the oali.

Here is found the filla vanJoch ; it iv the fiie < f a
hart, of a yillowidi colcur, blended with whiru
llreaks i the horns about t.velve inehslng, with
each a hole, thiough which the aniniui breather. Ic
is fleeter than a deer.

'Fhey have porcupines both great .Ti'd fmall. The
quaggelo, is an amphibious animal, about .'.x f.it
long, Ihapcd and covered with ha:d, i:-.ip netrable
fcales, much like a crocodile. It defmJs ufilf fronl
other bcalls, by erecting its icales, whlcli a.e pointed
at the end. It has a broad tongue, with v.hitli it
catches pifmires.

They have four forts of eagles; and there arc abun-
danceof blue parrots, with red tails. Hcrj is a lit-
tle bird of the wood-pecker kind, about the (i/.e of ;i
fparrow, which by degrees makes a hole; w ilh its bill
in the trunks of trees, there toncltlc and breed young
ones.

The Jouwa, which is the fize of a lark, general!/
lays its eggs in beaten paths and roads. I'lie bl.icks
believe, whoever breaks them, their children will
foondie. They eat of all the birds abovcmcnlioned,
except this latl.

There is a great variety of fifh along this coaR.
One has been fecn of a mnnih'iis form on this fiJe of
Cape Monte. It was al,> ;,t eight feet long from head
to tail, about a foot and a half in dii-inclcr, and four
and a half in circumfjienec. It had no leaks, the
Ikin vas thick, hard, and rouL,'i, like that of the
ihark : it was taken with a large hefk wi'.h an iron
chain. When they got him near the ihip, tl'.ev flung
a rope with a running-knot, round his tail, bywiiieh
they drew him up, but took care to kill liim bcloitf
they brought him onboard. The tb lat was hu'.c,
armed with twelve teeth, fix above, and fix bcluw,
thick and (harp, about two inches long ; his iV.oiit
extended half a loot beyond his under-juw, and was
a bone, covered with iIk lame Ikin as his body, of a
greenidi colour, though the throat and IpswercKt
a bri;_;ht red. His eyes were lary;c, red, and fpurkled
like fire. Inllead of gills, he had live gafliis, or in-
cifions, on each fide the body, whieh he opened and
fliut at pleafure, and jiill beyond llivm, an extremely
ftrong fin, of a middle liic. He had iwoiithers, le(',
beneath his belly, and one larger on his back. His
tail was fcollcped, thick, lar;;e, and ftrong, and co-
vered with the fame (kin. A ihark approaching him
while he was in the noofe, he received a ftroke with
his tail, which fcnt him away in hallc. N...11 the
Cape Mcnfurado, the lea produces alio fome fiflics, as
extraordinary as that above delcribcd.

The bhxks in general of both Icxcs, are very lux-
urious, which occafions difcafe", and fiiortenr- their
lives. They arc extremely fond of ftrong liquors,
efpccially brandy, whengi.cn them, but will feldoni
buy any. The women ufc certain liquors made of

h«rl»»

4^9

V O V A G E S TO T !l t

r.75

Ikrbs ar.J bnrki tOc:;i:lc \Icioii>; ii;cilii.itloin. Th.'
natives, hciwcvci, ;;i thdfpp.irt*, an- gcnirally well
teni)icrid, civil, ;:iiJ tr;.i.lal)lc, lu t .ij.t to ihcd hu-
man lilooJ, iinKfs much provoki';!.

They live in g;riat union ami Criendfliip, being rcaily
to aflill each oiliir with doathiiir', or provifions upon
in<ii\ orcarum', and often ni ikinc; prilents ot" Inch
tliiii;^!!, ajid iMimliines (laves, or other goods of value.
If a pcrluM liies and leaves not inou^ih to bury him,
his frienils defray the charge:. Altough thcv are not
addicted to flealing from one another, thev make no
icruple to take whatever they can from lliofe uhu are
ftrangcrs.

It liah been already noticed that they have many
wives. The firit wife railed Mikilm.ih, has alupc-
riority over the rclt. Their iiiui ia ;c teren.ony is the
tame as in other parts ; only it inufl be obfcrvcd, thit
the bridigrooni mull make his bride three i!iftini5t prc-
fcMts. I'irit, the fnglo, or r .la, conllfh ot a cural,
I r bugles ; fecondly, the jafin;,', a lew p.':;nes, or
cloths; thirdly, the Icl'iny, a trunk' to put up her
fhiti[',s ; elle a brals kettle, abifoii, or, accoiding to
h r i|ualitv, a llavc. The bridc'.i father lends a prelent
of one or two flaves, twi> frocks, a quiver lull of ar-
row s, a fciniitar and belt, with three or four bafkets of
lice, 'flic hulband maintailis the bovs, the woman
the girls. 'I'hev fcrupic not to marry women who
have loll thtir virf;inity, provided they have jiood por-
tions. Thcfe liLicks, as well as thofe of CJambra,
firiiillv aMVain from their wives, as foon as they ap-
pear wilh-cliiKl.

Th'.v give names to their children ten davs after
tliey ati. born. On the diy the boy i* to In- r>.-.med,
the fithcr, atten I^d bv his i!ii;i,cltic-, atnied with
b'jws I'lul arroA^, walks about the town hortrlin;;
and fin; in.-, Ow inhaliit.ifils, as he palles, juin him
with tiiiir Miurital iiiftrumrnts. Aftci this, the perfon
pppcinied |(ir the nremoin-, t.ikins; tho child from
the ir:u!!;!r, lays it on a fliicKi in the niiilll of the
crinpanv, and p'.its a bow into its b. ind. Th<ii ho
makes a l-ii;; dilVoiirfe to the |>cople on the occalion :
alter which, tut ni:i^ t.i t'r.e child, lieu illus lie may
be lilte his f.ithcr, induHriou'^, hofpitalde, a p;ood
biiili!;".- and hn'liar..lr.ian : that he may not covet his
nciglihi'iii's will', be a drunknrd, glu'ton, or the
like. 'I'heii takin;r up the cliild, he gives him a
'iainc, nnd delivers l;i:ii to his iiiotlrror nurfe. Then
thev go luiniing, and afterwards feall upon the game
they have taken.

If a pirl is to he named, the mother or nurfe briii';-
iiig the child, where moll of the pcopl>.' of the village
are alTembled, lays hw on a mat tn the ground, with
u little Haft" in one hai.J, and then exhorts it to be
a good houl'ew ife, a goi.d cook, chalte, and a dutiful
wife; that her luilland may love lur above all his
other wives, .md (he attcnvl hnn at hunting ; fuch
wiflies being fmiflvJ, the ii..iiv? i^; given her.

The eULit fon of the decod'-d iiilieiits all his goods,
wives and concubines ; and he dying wiihout iflue,
all falls to his younger brother if he has any. The
other chiMien arc gen.'r:;!!y prt.vided for by their
father in hii lil'e-t nic, that they may not be reduced
to poverty after his death. Uut if a man dies without
male ili'ue, the Ion of his brother is his next heir,
thou;;li h'- flioiiid have f. leral daughters ; and in rale
there is not a m.il'; Kf: ofafaniilv, then the king
becomes the Ude heir, but is to maintain all the
dau-httrs that aie left b.hind.

'1 l-.c chief biilini Is of the blacks in this quarter, is
tillr.irc, for they ;,ie not much aildicU'd to trade. They
have (ew or no llav; ^ to difpofc of; and the great
jMimber of Kuropean lli'jis th 't pal's s-long their coafts,
(lion exhault the teeth, \\a.\, and little cam-wood
they have.

'I'he Ci^ioja blacks between their harvefts, employ
thernfclves in fifhing, hunting, or buildin:; : but
none can hunt hu(i.iloes without leave from tlic king,
who Ins the ni -iet) of th..., and a third part of all
(jthei g.: lie. Water elephants b.lnng wholly to the
king i-r chi>;f of the land, who rcturnc the hunters
.vh>tt h<. tiiiiiki lit.

The hoiifes of the Quojas arc a]\ b'lilt round as at
Rulifro. They have both open and furtilied villages.
'I'he former calicd Koii Serah, are built in 4 cirtuiar
form, inconipalled with trees planted very near each
other. The fortified towns called San Siah, have
four coheres, a fort of ballions, through which they
pals in and out of the village, by a gate fo low auJ
yarrow, that only one can pals at a time. Over
each gate there is a ccntrv box, made of the branches
of a tree, called Tambo Hangocla. Thcfe towns arc
likcwilc inclofcd with the tombo or wine palm,
(which are long, thick, and very hard wood) tallcneJ
to the liirrounding trees, fo that nothing can be fecit
throu|',h their indofuru-: but at certain diltanccs there
arc naii'ow lights, or loop holes, with Ihuttcrs 10
(hoot through on occafion.

'ihc river in the (^loja's country being choked
with falls and land, fo as to render canoes ulclefs ;
they have a Ibrt of bridges, made with ItaHs of tombo,
tied to;;ethtr with a rope (of certain roots t«i(lcd) on
each (ide, and Ihetchcd a-crofs at the heighth of three
feet, and (aliened to trees, to prevent paH'cnjjers fryiu
falling into the water.

Their fiiierals in general are the fame with
thofe ot other blacks already defciibed, though vary-
ing much in circumllances and additional ceremonies.
When tliecorpfc is well waHud, they tiini the hair
of^its head into locks, and let it uprii ht, fupportul by
props, and clothed in the beft appaiel that the pcffuii
woic »hil(t living; or had been given fiacc dead,
as is ufual ; with a bow in one hand, and an arrow
in the other.

Then the nearcft relations or fricndi make a fntt
of Ikirniilh With their arrows, which lalls a ci niidcr-
able while. That done, they kneel round the corpfo
with their hacks towards it, as if much provoked ;
and thus (hoot their arrows round the world, as they
call it, to lignify they are ready to revenge the de-
ccafed againlt any peifon who (hall olf'er to ipeak ill
of him ; or might have been inllrumental to his
death. After this, they (Irangle fonic flaves of the
dcceaUd, to attend hif.i in the other world; who, by
way uf preparalion, arc fcafted with all the delicacies
the country can art'ord.

During this time, the women acquaintance of the
village keep about his wives, and throwing tliem-
felvcs at their feet, deflre thcin to be comforted and
dry up tlieii tears.

After this, laying the corpfc on a board, or Imall
Ladder, two men carry it upon their IhonliLrs to
the grave. With the body they call in the lli angled
women and flaves, mats, kettles, bafons and other
things belonging to the deccafed ; th^ v cover all with
a mat, and hang his armour on an iion rod, fet up
in the ground atone end of the roof, which tliey trcct
over the grave to keep off the rain ; and every day for a
long tin.c after, they leave eatables aid liuuors there
for him to feed on in the other world. If a woman i*
buried, they fet up an iron p<!e, or red, her balon>,
and Dutch mug' in lieu of the armour.

'Ihey bur/all of the fame family in the fame pl.ice,
the igh the perfon die at ever fo great a ilillance. The
burying places are commonly in frmc fuif.iken or
ruined villages, which they call Toniburoy. Of thcfe
there arc many on the river I'ligoge, and in the illaiid
Maffali, behind Cape Monte.

Their rcafon for iliangling the perfons who are to
be buricil in the graves of men c f note, is, becaufe
they think human blood is too precious to b-- Ipilt or
walled on any account. They flrangle the in with a
bitof ftring, by twilling it about the neck. They all-
burn in their pielin'.e, the remaining vi(5luals that
had been prepared to feaft them before their exit, ad-
judging it to be facrcd.

Ihis cruel cullom, however, begins to Icfe ground ;
for generally at all places where it .; praclilcd, the
people hide their daughters or children, as loon as the
king's ficknels is thought mortal, to prevent which,
thofe who attend him ufc all precautions to conceal
it. And when thofe who have abfcond(.d return to
ji their

ijtf,:]

fcOASTS AND ISLANDS OF AFRICA.

4«f

their il'A'.Il'n->«, they arc f.ici\Iy reproarlicd with
the want i>l (••>iir;ipr, whirli ^inidiir; ilicni is the gifntclf
atFront i and tuM hinv uiiriMl'on iblc it i«, tlial tlicy,
who hi I iMtcn thr bread of tluir luiil or hurbuiid,
(h mid be afraid to die \vith him.

It is jWo iiilfoin.irv fur the nearcft relation? or
IVinids to kii>r> a fill after th-- funeral, of ten days (°'
the comm.in fort, which are called liolli (juwe, and
thirty day^ tor a k'np;, or coiilidi rabic pcrfon. Such as
k.ep this faft make a vow, lifting up both liands, not
to cat rice during that time, nor to drink any liquor
but what is kept in a hole for that purpoie in the
ground, as alfo to abrtain from the company of wo-
men, and the women vow to tloath thcmfelvc^ with
nothing but white or black rags, to go with their hair
4oofe, and to lie. on bare ground at niyht.

The fad being over, the p.;nitrnts lift up both their
hands agains, to denote that tliey have very puniStually
accompiilhed it. After tk\<<, the men go a hunt-
ing, the women, at their return, drefi what they
kill, and all ton^ihcr frail on it j laftly, thofe who
have kept the fait are difmidld,. with each of them a
prefent of a bafon, a kittle, a cloth, a bafkct of fait,
or in iron bar, and other things.

Nr< piojile among tlie blacks arc To forma! and ce-
remonious a« the (^iiioj IS, and the fureft way to make
them tradable, is to comply with their cuftoms in
general.

A woman accufud of adultery, is to lake the oath in or-
der toclcar h'.rfelf. If afterwards conviiflcd of perjury,
flie is, in the eveninj:, carried to the public market-
place of the village, by her hulband, where the coun-
cil is fitting. They firft invoke the Jannanin ; they
then cover her eyes, that fhc may not fee the fpirits
that are to carry her away, after which follows a very
(i'verc reprimand on her difordcrlv life, with dre.idful
ihreatSj if ih^ does not amend it ; and fo flie is dif-
charced, after a confufcd noife of voices heard, ex •
prefTiriL', th It though fiieh crimes ought to be punifhed,
vet, fiiice it is the firlt off.nce, it is forgiven, upon
lier obfervii':; fonie (MU, and moi tifying herfelf j it
being expected, that fhe fliould live lochafte, as not
to admit any boys, though ever fo young, into her
arms, nor yet fo much as to touch the cluaths of any
man.

If, after this, flie happens to rclapfe, and is again
conviifted, perfons appointed for the purpofe making
a noife with a fort of fcrap"r, comes in the morning to
the criminal's houfe, and brings her into the public
place of the town. There they oblige her to walk
three times about it, ftill making; a great poife, that
all who are of the brotherhood of Belli, may fee what
Is doing, anil take v.-arninj;, fuch as are not of it, not
daring fo much as to look out, for fear the fpirits
fliould carry them awav. After this, they convey her
to the holy wood called IJelli ; and from that time, (he
is never heard of mon', being probably facrificcil there,
but the blacks fancy that the fpiritj of the woods carry
fuch women away.

If a man is charged with theft, murder, or perjury,
and the evidence Is iiot clear enough againfl liim, or
that he is only fufpeiflcd of this or ttiat crime, he is to
take the trial of Belli, a compolition made by the
prieft, with the bark of a tree and herbs, which is
laid on the perfons hanr^. If he is guilty of the in-
diflment, the blacks fny it will prefently burn the
Ikin ; but that, if innocent, will be prudui^livc of
no harm.

Sometimes the pricft caufes a perfon to drink a
draught of liquor made of the barks of tlie nelle and
quoni-trccs, which are thick, and reckoned a per-
icA poifon. If he be innocent, he will vomit It up
iinmcdiately, but, if guilty, it will foam about his
mouth, and thi.r<.l)y prove him guilty, and punlfliable
with death.

They ufually execute criminals, thus conviiSled,
in fomo remote place, at a great didance from their
village : there the criminal kneeling, with his head
bowed down, the executioner thrulis him through with
a fmall javLlin. 'I'hc body beinjj fallen on the ground,

Vol. I. Nu. 4.2.

he cuts the head oft" with an axe, or knife, and quar-
ters It, delivering the limbs to the wives of tlie pei-
fon executed, who commonly aflift him at tlif e'a v 11-
lion, and are to t.id them on fome dunghills about
the country.

Thele iHopleacknowkdie a Supreme Biing, Crea-
tor of all things, but cannot form anyjult idea of
him. The blacks of Bulmaiid I'iinna make flraii;.;':
reprefenlatioRS of him. Tlicy c.ill that lielii", Ca-
now, or Canuo, attributing to liim an iiiiinite jiowcr,
univerfal knowledge, and to be prefent every when.
They bilieve that all good proceeds from him, but
not that he is etern;il i holding, that another light or
being, is to come to puiiifli the wicked and leward
the virtuous,

'I'hcle people biliovc that the dead become fpirits,
which they call Jaiinac, or Jannanin, that is, Pa-
trons or defenders ; their bufinefs being to protcit and
artilt their former relations and kindred, which is the ren-
fon they put fuch quedions to their dead, as are be-
torenientioned, 'I'hus if a man happens to efcap^:
fome imminent danger in hunting, at his return lie
facrifices as the grave of his fuppofed deliverer, an
heifer, lice, and palm-wine, as an acknowhdgmenr^
in the prcfencc of the relations of the dcceafed, who
dance and ling at the feaft.

When a man has received an injury, he repairs to
the woods, where they believe thofe fpirits or fouls
refidc, and with their howls and cries, intreat Canow
and Jannanin, to chaltife the malice of the party
whom he names. In like manner, when he finds
himftif in fome difficulty or danger, he conjures the
foul of his beft relations to help him out of it. Others
confult them as to future events : for inftance, whe-
ther any European Ihip will lion arrive and bring
goods to tiaflic, or the like.

In fliorl, they hive a very great vencr.ition for tliefe
departed fpirits, and rely on them as their tutilar
gods. They never drink water or palm-winc, with-
out firft (pilling a little of it, as a libration for the
jannanin ; and to aflcrt the truth of any thing, they
fwear by the fouls of their deccafcd parents. The
kings themfelvcs do the fame ; and though they feem
tohave a great veneration for Canow, or God, yet,
all their religious worfliip fecms to be dirciSted to thofe
fouls, each village having a place appointed in the
nearell wood to invoke them.

Thcfe blacks, at three fevcral times of the year,
carry abundance of provifions, for the fiibfiftence of
the jannanin. Into the woods and fortfts. And thi-
ther perfons in aflliiSion repair, to implore the affift-
ance of Cano.v, and the jannanin with very loud
cries.

It is farrilrdje for women, maids or children to en*
ter thofe facrcd woods, and therefore they are made
to believe from their infancy, that the jannanin would
ininudiately kill them.

They fay they have magicians and foreercrs among
them, as alfp a peculiar fort of men, whom they call
Sovah Munufin, that is, Poifoners and Blood-
fuckers. Thefe they fancy will fuck the blood out of
man or bcaft, or, at leaft, corrupt in fueh a manner,
as to occafion lingering and painful difeafes. There
are others called Pilli, who, by their inchantmcntSj
they believe can hinder the rice from fprouting or
coming to maturity. They fay the Sovah poflTefles
fuch, who being overwhelmed with melancholy, or
grown dcfpcrate through misfortunes, withdrew them-
felvcs from the company of all other men into the
woods and forefts, \vhere the Sovah flicw them what
herbs and roots arc to be ufed in their inchantmcnts,
as alfo the gcftures, words, and grimace?, proper for
thofe wicked prndices. Thefe men, when takcri,
are put to death. The blacks will feldom travel
through the woods without company, for fear of meet-
ing them, as well as the wild beat's ; and carry with
them a certain compofition, which, they fancy, prc-
ferves them againft the malicious Sovaht of whom
they tell a thoufand unintcrefting ridiculous fto-
rics.

6 FC When

4'5S

VOYAGES TO tflE

f*:»6.

^Vlicii .1 prrfoii is furpcfltd to liavc ilicil a violent
dfiith, the culluiii is not to woOi the corplc, till a
ftriiit enquiry l>c nnulc. To this ctt'ciSt, they wrap
u;) Ibnii; piccts (il llie ili-ad ptrlbii's garments, with
the p.iriiii;s of his nails, anil clippini;s of his hair)
on thfle th'"y blow the (cr.ipings olcam-wood, falK-n-
iii,; tlic hiinjle to the prlUc, whitli two blacks i.irry
aH.iut thi- ]ilaic, Thcll- are preceJed by the prielK,
w!io beat with two hatehcis one againlf the other,
and ;ilk the coriile, where, when, and by whom, he
was thus deprived of his life i aiul whether Canow,
their deity, has token him into hi. proleilinn ; wlien
the ("pirit by movini; the heads of ilic hearers of the
corplc, after a certain nianiur, as they pretend, give
them to uiuleilfaiul, that the Sovah Munulin was the
caulc of it, they afk him again, whether the Corccrcr
is male or female, and where he lives ? This the
f'piiit alfo declares, in the fainc manner ; and leading
them to the place where the forccrer abides, they feize
and put him in chains, to be (.xamined on the charge
laid ajainll him hy the fpirit. If he pcrlills to deny
it, hi is compelled to take the kquoni, a horrid
bitter drink ; and if, after drinking three full cala-
balhes, he vomits it up, he is abfolved ; whereas, if
it only fi\'.ms out about his month, he is immediately
pin todcith; his corpfe is then burnt on the fpot,
and the afhes are rhrown into the river, or the lea,
be he ever fo great .i man. This drink is compofed of
the bark of a certain tree, beaten in a wooden mortar,
and in'' iftd in water. It is is a very fl<arp, dange-
rous I iij nor, and commonly adminiftered to the priloncr
in the morning, in cafe of fufpicion of a high crime.
All thcfenations cireunicil'e their children at theage
of llx months, ;>s a divine inllitutlon pra>^ifcd timeout
of mind, ^etl'ome mothers, through fondncfs.deferthe
operation till they arc three yeais old, that they may
b.aritwith greater cafe and I'afety. They heal the
wound with tiic juice of certain herbs.

Having iTicntioned Rio Seftos, we fliall give the
reader a defeiiptlon of that river and the adjacent
con III ry.

'I'lie entrance of this river from the fca is fuU of
rock:, which lie fix feet i; „ ■• water, fo that i't is
ealy to ])afs them with loadv ' boats j except two,
which appear above water, and are to be avoided.
The mouth of the river lies fouth-eait, and north-wctt,
iibout a league broad, with large trees on each fide.
The water is foul : there arc fome rocks under water,
and fome above. 'I'licre is, however, in"nhe pafs or
channel on the fouth fide three fathoms water, and
often fix or fevcn, which is fufficicnt for fmall vefrclr,
bciats may enter the river without any hazard.

'I he going in is between the point on the ftarboard
oread (hoir, and the rock in the middle of the river.
The entrance is about half a cable's length wide, and
the depth thirty- fcvcn and thirty-eight fathoms.
When it is entered, it will be found a very fine river,
where vtll'ils of an hundred tons may ridefafc. About
a gun-(hot from the aforefaid point, upon the fame
(hore clofc to the fide of the river, is a well of good
freflj water, where, for a few cawris, (thcfhells com-
iiionlv called black moor's teeth) tie negro women
biought tlum water, and filled their cafks in the boat.
The negro men being furniihed with hatchets, will,
for a fmall quantity of the afoufaid flicIU, < it fire
wr.od enough, and bring it to the boats, but they
niufl have a bottle of brandy now and then to encou-
rage them i fo that for expedition, this is the bcft
place to wood and «ater at.

The fource of this river is far within land on the
north- north- cart, fome fay, it is navigable for barks
for twenty leagues up. Higher it is full of fands and
rocks, which allow no pafTage but forcannef.

It is deferibcd as a fine pleafant river. The banks
on eaili lide arc thick fct with trees. Several rivulets
«ir fni.dl fprings difchargc thcmfelvcs into it; and
what add-, to its beauty, is a multitude of villa^res
aloii'^ the fides.

Tiio C'uiiitiy about ?eftos is vcrv fertile, well fur-
nidicd with potiliry, rice, and niiiutj «f thi« tliey

make all their bread, whiili tlicytnrrv In their canci-«
when they go a filhing. Here is good advani.iiie it
be made of rice, pepper, oi ivory, which lart i.>
excellent.

The land here is low, IcvlI, and watered wiili
many rivqrs ; fo that it is no wonder the foil is li^li
and fertile i and produces all vigit.ddes in abuiulanei ;
but the climate is unhealthy t.i lli..iii;er>, wl..^ are
expofnl here to long and dangerous dilkmpcrs. lie-
fides provifions, which arc cheap, tlic place yielili
ivory, flaves, gold-dult, and above all, Guihca-
pepper, which is the proiluceof the country.

They find in this river a kind of flints, like thofe
of Meiloc in France J but harder, clearer, and of »
better luHre. They cut eafier than a diamond, and,
with a good foil, make a great (hew.

About a cable's length from the mouth of the river,
is a necro town, of about thirty or forty houlirs,
neatly built, and fo high, that fome of them appear
three miles oil' at fea. Thefc houfes have more
rtories than thofe of Menfurado.

The town is large, and built after a different
model from thofe on the (J rain Coafl. They run
up the houfes (fqii arc or round) four feet from the
earth. At that hcighth is the firft and chief room, to
fit, talk, or fleep in, lined with matted rinds of trees,
fupported with fiockadcs, and in the middle of it a
fire-place for charcoal. This fervcs a double pur-
pofc, driving off inlt:iflj and vermin, and drying
their rice and Indian corn. Of the upper loft they
make a Uore-houfe, that runs up pyramidal thirty
feet; making the town at a dilhnce, appear like*
number of fpires, each (landing fingly.

About a league up a rivulet near the mouth of the
Seftos, is the king's village. It contains about
thirty little houfes, built of clay, and inclofd with
a mud wall, about five feet high. It Hands on a rifiuij
ground, juft at the mouth of a little river, and the
country round about it full of either banana, or palm-
trees. Every houfe has an upper floor, and Ibme two,
neatly whiicned within, twelve or fifteen Inches above
the ground, where the wall appears black, or rei',
round about it; but the flories are h low, that pi-o-
ple mull fit or lie down. The floors inftead of boards
are made of round flicks, or boughs of palm-trcts
fattened clofe together, which renders it very incon-
venient to walk on. The roof is compofed of the
fime materials, fet clofe alfo, and covered with large
banana and palm-tice leaves.

In the council houfe, built in the fame manner,
there is a piece of fijuaie timber, about three feet long,
on which was carved in halt-relieve, the figure of a
woman, and a child by her, but very indiflerentiv
done, and two fquare holes cut-in pretty deep at
each end of the timber, probably, to hold meat and
drjnk for the ufe of the fetifli ; that being the place
where they adminiftcr an oath, or fwtar to the per-
formance of con t rafts or agreements.

The king refides condantly at this village, which
wholly confifts of thirty of his wives, anJ their
children, noneelfe living tncrc. The king's fons, or
his fons-in-iaw, wear a long ozicr cap, like their
father; which is th« only 'h^ng that diftinguiflie*
them from the common fon, and peculiar to tholi;
only of the royal blood : but in all other things they
toil and work like flaves, when occafion requires it.

The king of this place is very abfolutc, but feldom
punifhes criminals with death, it being niuic tohis ad-
vantage to fell them for flaves.

The people here are very civil, and for a glafs cf
brandy, will do you all the good offices in their power.
They are tall, well-made, and ftrong, and havo i
martial air ; couragious, and often make incurfioiu
on their neighbours, to take flaves to fell. This
hinders the negro merchants from trading here; and
deprives them of the advantage their neighbours Hiare
in the commerce for gold.

Moft of thefe Seftos negros are fifhermen. Every
morning there fails out of the river a fmall fleet of
canoes, which difperfe thcmfelyes along the coi^l.

Thry

I7?.fi J

C 6 A S T S A N D I S L A N J) S OF AFRICA.

40»

They fifh with » line, and generally return home
loailcn. The king has a certain duty ol Co much out
of what they catch.

Thefe peo|>le never cover their hra,!», bcarini;
without any inconvenience the heavieft rain, nr moll
violent heatj. I he nun and women here go ihc nuill
naked of any on the coalt, having at bell on!)' .t flight
rag tied about their middle. 'I'liev breed abund-mce
of cattle, and poultry of all kinds ; not fo much fur
their own ufe (for they live chiefly on in(h, pulfc,
and fruits, which arc excellent) as to fell to Ihips
that frequent the coaU.

The manner of falutation is the fame alon,:; the
coaft. 'I'hcy take the perfon's finger and thumb into
their hands, and putting them into a certain pofture,
pull them hard and make them fnap, crying when
they have done, aquio ; which is equivalent to, your
fervant with us.

Their marriages arc not very ccrcmoniouK. Thofe
who arc able to buy a wife, after agreeing with the
woman, apply to the p,ircnts or rcl.ilions, who hngL<;le
about the bargain. Th« price agreed on bjing paid, the
wife is delivered. The liufband, after drinking fome
bottles of brandy with his new rehilions, conduiih his
new fpoufe to the hut dcfigned for her : where his
other wives come to fee her, and help her to drefs the
■wedding fupper. This being over, the hulband ftays
allnight with the bride i^ who next morning goes to
work with the rett of the women, according to the
feafnn.

The wife who brings the firft boy, is regarded as
the favourite and chief, but ftie buys this dear enough j
for (he is obliged to follow her hu(band, and is buried
alive in the fame grave.

A French author who was witncfs of this ceremony,
gives us the following account of it. " The captain
or chief of the village, dying of a hard drinking
bout of brandy, the cries of his wives foon fpread the
news through the town. All the women there ran
and howled like furies, I'he favourite wife diftin-
guifhed herfelf by her grief, and not without caufc.
However, as feveral women in the fame cafe have pru-
dently thought fit to make their efcapc, the relt of the
■women under pretence of comforting her, took care to
watch her fo clofely, that there was no means of efcap-
ing the blow. The relations of the dcceafcd all came
to pay her their compliments, and take their farewell.
After the marbut had examined the body, and declared
he died a natural death, he, with his brethren, took
the corpfe, waffled, dried, and then rubbed it with
fat from head to foot. After this they ftretched it on
a mat in the middle of the houfc. tlis wives were
placed round it, and his favourite at the head, as th«
poll of honour. Several other women made a circle
round them. All theic endeavoured to out roar one
another, tearing their hair and fcratching thcmfelves
methodically, like people who knew perftiflly the part
they aftcd. Sometimes they left off and kept filent ;
at others they repeated the praifcs and great a<flions of
the deceafcd, and then began their lamentai'uns anew.
This mock mufic laftcd near two hours, ivhcn four
lufty negros entering the houfe, took the dt-ad body
and tied it on a hand-barrow, made of branches of
trees; ii>.*n lifting it on their fhoulders, they carried
it through the town, running as faft as they could,
and realing from time to time as if they had been
drunk, with a thoufand ridiculous gtftures, very
fuitable to the exclamations of the wives of the de-
ceafcd, and the other women who attended this
whimfical proceflion. The cavalcade over, the body
was taken from the hand-barrow, and dcpofited in Its
place. After which, the fongs, the cries, and ex-
travagancies of the women began again.

" During this, the marbut made a grave deep and
larg enough to bury two bodies. He alfo dripped
and Ikinned a goat. The pluck fervcd to make a
r.igou, of which he and his atfiftants ate. He alfo
caufed the favourite wife to eat fome ; who had no
ereat inclination to taffe it, knowing it was to be her
fall. She ate fome however, and during this repaft.

ilie body of till- go:\t was diviJcil into fnull pirci?,
broiled, aiidcii.-ii. The l;iiiicntalions b(.ij.iii :i;^atii •
ind wlicii tlv: nKiilmt tiuiii|.'ht it was tiinr: In fi.il ilu-
cerenioiiy, he took ilic f.ivoutiie wife hv the ainn, i.!id
delivered hi r to tuo lufly iK;.Mi.-i. Tri''.c fei/iiv lit i'
roughly, tied her hands .iiid fcit I iliiiul lui, an I lav -
iiig lier on her biiek, pliued a imcr nl wc(.i! on !;( r
bnult, then liolding each other v\ itii their hands in
their IhculJerp, thiy Kanipe,! wiili thiirlect on tlio
piece of woud, till they h.^.d biokiii the wonian'i
bleart. H.iving thus at leali, h;ill ilU'jiiiielu J, her,
they threw her into the !;rave with the r>Mi.iiiuler of
the go.if, c.iltiii;; her hiilbands body over hi r, iiiid
filling up the g:a\e with i;.itl> aid Hone-. Inuiudi-
ately the cries ccafmg, a quick fikiue fiiccteiieil llic
nolle, and every one retired home, as if iiothiiij^ h.'.d
happened."

The Ijn^uagcof the S(ftos negros is the muil lii.-
ficult on the coalt; fo that trade here is cairicJ on
much by figns, in wiiich they excel. They preleivc
many French woids, wliieli li.ivc been haiideil d..wn
to them by their nneelloi«, who le.uiied Ironi tho
French the art of tempering (teel, wliicli they yet le-
tain, and in which they have even ni;ide great im-
provements.

The French being expelled from all their fettlcments
on this coaft by the I'ortugucfe, tyrannizing over the
natives ; and the profits of their trade exciting tli?
jcaloufy of the Engliflj and Hutch, their power begr.n
to dcclinej fo that by degrees they loft moft of their
pod'eflions and foTts, and v.eic forced to retire up the
country, where, tomaintain themfelves they married
with the ncgros, from whence arc fprun;; the I'orlu*
gucfe mulaito-'s and blacks, to be found along the
coalt. 'I"he Furopean Poituguefc, out of policy and
aft'eiflion, acknowledge them in general for their coun-
trymen.

Thefe African Portuguefe, by means of their alli-
ance with the natives, trade freely every where. They
have penetrated even to the Niger, by the north of
the kingdoms of Gago and Benin. Thofe fettled on
the river Sierra Lcona, Junes, Seftos, and Sanguin,
trade frequently to the Gambra, as well ?s to thu
Cafamanfa, Rio S. Domingo, and Rio Grande. One
of their traders, who lived loo leagues up the river
Sierra Leona, went almoft every year to trade with the
Mandingos on the N iger, hcyond a confiderable branch
of it, which he believed to be the Gambra. It is
certain, that thefe advantages, joined to the regard
the natives have for them, would enable them to carry
on an extenfivc and rich trade, if they had European
goods more regular, and dealt for theinl'elves inltead
of other nations.

The country abounds in rice, which yields fuch a
prodigious increafe, that a large ftiip may tic loon
loaded, at the rate of about an half-iienny a pound,
but it is not fo large, white, or fweet asth.it of Milan,
or Verona. The better fort of people drive a coii-
ftant trade in this commodity, Guinea pepper, and
elephants teeth, though theialt they have but in Imall
quantities.

Befides ivory, Guinea pepper, and rice, aremaife,
poultry and cattle, all very cheap here. Thcdogs heie,
as in other parts of Guinea, ?re eaten by the blacks
as good meat. There are hut few l\vinr, and thu
fhccp differ much from thole in Europe ; they arc not
fo large, and have no wo 1, but hair like goats, with
a fort of mane like a lion's, both on the neck and
rump, alfo a briifti at the end of the tail. They arc
very indiiFerent meat, but fell there for a b.ir of iron
each.

Thefe blacks arc circumcifed, but can give no other
reafon for it, thun that it is an ancient cuftom, tranf-
mitted to them by their ancefters.

The Malaghctta, or Pepper Coaft, extends from
Rio Seftro to Growa, a little beyond C'iipc das Piiltna«,
about 55 leagues, being gencra'lj-low flat land, and
the foil clammy, fat, all over wooeiy, and watered
by feveral rivers and l)rooks, at the mouth of which
lie villages cf the fame name.

From

Mil

• I-
: i i

4ti

VOYAGES TO THE

tfntf

Froi* Rio Scftos M I,it!lc Scfto«, (or Scftro) an
f iiir Icajueii fouth-cult. Hrlcnc thl< {<l.icv tlucc U a
nMUiuamoui long rock, uii which j;row« a high ti<c,
wlili live other rocks lo the luuthward, uiiij une to tUt-
norlh«artl.

The blacks here arc generally fiflirrmen, and there
is liltL- or 110 trade. About tvv-o li;ai;ucs laithcj c<ill,
i< chu point called lUxins Swino, running out into
the iVa, and near it a k;re.tt r«*k, wiiite at lop, cliifvs
•o the land, which, .it a dillinrr, wi'(hv.ird at fin,
looks like a fail, ealily fceii Iroin Scltus load, in clear
Wfiilhcr.

A little below this rock, is the villaiic Sanguin, at
the mouth of the river of that name, which (.iim into
the lea at fouth fnuth-eal), and miII carry fniall fliips
twelve leagues up, though its entrance is very narrow,
the banks being mailed with fine tall trees. The vil-
lage contains about too ht^ufc?.

The Englifll had formerly a fettlement h«re, but
abandoned it on account of the ill temper of the
blacks. The king is tributary to the kiii^ of Rio
Scllos. He commonly wears a blue Moorilh frock,
and goes often on boaail the fliipi in the roaJ. for-
merly the Dutch and Portugucfe carried on a great
trade here for elephants teeth and pepper, but of late,
through the great refor' of fliips, the natives have fo
extravagantly advaiiccu (he price, that there is little
tu be Uoiie worth while, whieh indeed is the cale
throughout all the coaft of Ciuinca. In cafe of ne-
crflity, Sangwin is a convenient place for wood or
water, and provifioiis.

About a league and and an iialf eaft of Sanguin,
is the village of Baft'a, where there is fome" littli
trade for elephants teeth, but much more for pepper.
'I'lii- place is ealily known by a plain fandy point,
i-nviruned with rocks. Sunic of the blackk here,
ipciik a little l^lrtll^llel'e, or Liiij^iia Kr.inca.

Seicrna, or Sern., Is about two leagues eaft of
Batl'i, h.iving loiiie locks out at fea on the raO point,
and a good trad,- lor ivory and pepper. Not far oft'
to the f.iff, ill the village Tallc, or Dalle. Next
follows IViitowa, a town lltuated on the (horc, tal'ily
known by two great locks, one appc.iriii" out at fta
about two En^^lilh miles well of it, by the Portugueic
called Cabo do Sino j the other loui miles e^ft of the
town. It is dillinguilhed likewife by feverul high
hills beyond it. Here is abundance of malnghetta,
cr pepper, which the blacks exchange for blue pcr-
petuanas, pewter bafons, iron bars, and anna-
baiTefs.

They ufuallycome on board to traffic, but ought
to be well looked to j for they are dextrous thieves,
and will never pay tor what they buy, if the can any
way avoid it.

The village Sine lies fouth-eaft from Bottowa,
kbout a league and a half diftant, and dillinguifhed
by a great rock on a fand point, running out a little
to fea, behind which is a fine lurge river, rifin'^ far
within land, as the black report, and not much in-
ferior to that of Scftos.

The village of Souweraboe, or Sabrebou, is a
league from Sino to the fouth-eaft. That of Scftro
Carow five leagues from Sabrebou, is a large, beauti-
ful village. '1 he place is eafily known by a head or
cape of three black hills together, planted with trees,
which at fome dillance at fea, look like mafts of
ihips. Ihecape or point is encompafled with rocks,
fome of which run a little out to fea: it is likewife
known by two great rocks on the fliorc, about two
Engli(h miles afuiuler, the land bring low and flat.
Here is good watering, in cafe of neceflity, in the
bulging of the fhore, which (Lows at a dillance like a
little bay.

The village Wappow, or Wapp, is five leagues
from Seftro Carow, is fiiuated on a little river. It is
known by a ridge of about twenty or more high llrag-

fling trees, which appear on aflat, long, high ground,
cyond the fliore, with five palm-trees at the end
thereof. It is remarkable alfo for a very flat illand or
rock -pear the coad, if not jciiiin^ tu it, i.ivironcd
with other fuiall onci.

At the village within tlir ti.er, a, \^,!', at at Qo'
towa and Stllio Carow, the«leph,iiil» teeth are cmu-
nionly large. The cimntiy aluunds in iiiala^hetta,
which they cuniinuiilv tuny on board f}ii|'s in tir*
road, in great large bull-iulh balkvts, iiiaile in ih':
form of fugar-loavcs.

iJrue (Drue, or Dnw) and Neli'.i, two other
villages, arc between \V.ip|ii> and (ji.pd Sillio^
they produce abiiiidaiiee m pepper. 1 lie black*
about Wappo and parts adj,.ceiii, are more ira^tabla
and better conditioned than iliule taiiiicr welt ) but
importunate ciumgh in begging their dallii, or prcl'cnt,
hetore they deal. Their language can Icarce bt
underftond.

The fea afftinU great variety of filh, much th«
lame with thufe on the Gold Cuatt.

The (horc from Wappo to Cirand Seilio, or S.liro
Paris, ftretches fouth-eall-hy liiulh. '1 his lalt is it
Urge village on the Kio das I'.faavos, The tide at
low ebb carries along the (hore, and at lea on the
return of flood.

Grand Scflos (or Scflro) is about two Ii agues anil
an half to the fouth-eall of Dioc. It is oalily fuui.d
out by a rock to the north-Weft, and by a cut in the
coaft, over which are three pa I in -tries up the land.
The Dutch call It Balleiies-liccek, fioin the name of
a black who formerly lived there. To this town tite
French of Duppe, formerly gave the n.iii c ol StIIro
Paris, becaufe of its grcatncls i being one of the
largeft and moft popuh us in all (iiiiiua. 'I'liey hati
a lettlemeiit here for ti.iding in Ciuinca pipper ani)
iviiry, (which are both very pUiily) li.iigbeliire ih.-
Kail India pepper was known in Europe, liut t)i>:
Poriui;ueli; h.iving conquered Princes illard in tt.f
Uight, over-run all the Ciuinra Coafts, titiliiig fac-
tories and driving out the French. This place is
called (irtat Paris i and Petit Siftio, a few leajucs
farther, Little Pans. The natives here ftiU prelerve
their antient aftcAion to the French.

It is three leagues and a half from Grand Sellro to
the village (joyaiie, or (foyava j four from hence to
Goawai, and two more to Cape dcs Palaias. This
cape had its name from the palm-trees to be feeti
from moft places, ifpccially r';ar the fhorc, and
from the two hills that form the .rci which ftand*
exactly in four degrees fifty ntuiutei of north-
latitude.

Behind the cape is a tiulging in the co.ift, which it
a good fticlter for ftiips againft the fouthcrly winds ;
about a league from it, is a great reck jutt by the
fliore i and from the point runs a ridge of fhotls,
or fniall rocks, even with the water, a league into the
fea at fouth-louth-eaft, where ftii|is in former time*
have b-^en eaft away. There is likewife another bank
two leagues farther out to fea, about which, the tide
runs very fwift at eaft, in nine or ten fathoms water.

Two leagues eaft from the cape Hands Goawa,
where the pepper coaft ends. — It is observed that the
vapours arifiiig from the many livers and brooks
along the coaft, caufes malignant fevers, dangerous
to Europeans. This bid air is moft pernicious about
Cape P.^lmas, being fonietimes felt tour leagues oIF
at lea ; for, when the weather is fogjj;y, it carries a
perfeift ftiiik with it.

The country in general h-is plenty of peas, beans,
pompions, lemons, orangey, bacchos, bananas, and
a fort of nuts, the fliells very thick, and all of a
round piece, without any peel within, like European
nuts, which eat very lul'cious and fweet. Great
numbers of cattle, goats, hogs, chickens anl many
other forts of fowls are tound here. 'Fheir palm wiiu;
is excellent, as is likewife the dates, which they arc
very fond of. But the principal commodity on ihU
coaft, as has been faid, is the malaghetca, ut Guinc.l
pepper, it being very plentiful and cheap.

The plant which bears the Ciuinca pepper, accord-
ing to the goodiiefs of the foil, requires ftrengtli
enough to fupport itfelf, and become a fin.i!l tree, or
ftandard, fuinttimcs for want of this, it is a creeping
iliiub, unlcfs it be propcd up, or can faftcn to inv
5 tree

•7»7-]

COASTS AND ISLANDS OF A 1 I L A>

4'>3

tree ro full 41 II it, in which cafe, like ivy, it covets
the whiile ImJy. When it criTpj aloii;; the ground,
the I'l'i'ils, tliuiit^h liir^e, are not f'u gund ; tur the
hi|{hrr ill hrunchii arc expol'eil to the air, the drier
«nd lni«llcr the fruit t but then it is hot and (harp to
the tadc, and hai all the true quulilit'9 of pcpjicr,
I'hc leaf ol the nuleghelta is twice as long at it i»
bruad, anil Hitiruw at (hu end. It i< I'olt, and of a
lively green in the rainy Icafon i but, when that i*
over. It withers, anil lofct its colour. When you
bruifc them in your fingers, they yield an aronulic
t'mell like cloves, and the extremity of it* hraiichc«
have the fame cftcdl. There idues from the under
part of the UMves, fm.!!!, curled tiliments, by whiih
they take hold of the tree, or prop. No goixl de-
fcriplion can be given of ilie flower, as il appears at
k time when there is no trade on the coall. Jt is cer-
tain, however, that the plant dues flower, and that
the Augers are rucci'1'di.il by the fruits, in thcfliapeof
angular figs, of dill'crent lizcs, according to the foil
or expofitiun. 'I'hc outlide conniis of a thin (Icin,
which dries, and berotnes very brittle. It is ufually
of a dark, rcddifb brown : the negro* fay it is poif-
onous.

The feeds in this fkin are placed clofe together in
order, divided only by a thin pellicle, whicli turns to
fmall tnreads of a Iharp, biting talict foincwhat like
ginger.

'I'liis grain itof thence of hemp-feed, the fuper-
fices almoin round, but angular, of a reddifh colour
before it it rijii, deeper when it comes to maturity,
and black after it has been wet, in whicli condition
they pack it up. This moillening of it produces u
fermentation, and greatly JiminiDies its viiiiios: its
tafte fliould be biting and Iharp, like th.it of India
pepper, in order to make it f.ll well.

'I'hc rind ui huHc of the berry is thin, lirft green,
and when dry, of a fine fcarlet, about the fi/.e of a
fig, and loft, as not being filled with any pulp, but
within it is the maleghetta, growing in four or five
roKs, and coveied with a white film, which alio fe-
parates each grain or feed.

Before they ripen they are red, and of a grateful
taffe. I'he bell arc the chefliut colour, large, pon-
derous, and very finooth i the black are the fmalled.
They take their colour as they lie on board their ftiip,
being put up green. The feed is neither I'o large nor
round as the Indian pepper, but has feveral angles.
The llalksof it tafte fomewhat like cloves. There is
another fort of maleghetta, growing like Lirgc leaved
grafs. That which is bought from the middle of No-
vember till March, i> certainly a year old; for the
new begins to bud in January.

They gather the fiuit whenever the leaves begin to
blacken at the end. I'his they dry, and fell through
the country in exchange for goods, by which they
make large profit. The feeds have been long ul'ed in
France, and other parts of Europe, inllcad uf pep-
per, crpccially when the latter is fcarce and dear,
^'he retailers alfo adulterate the India pcpptr excecd-
ingUr.

The maleghetta on the river Seftos, grows on a fort
of flirub, and is the largell of all t'.us part on the
Pepper Coaft. The bulhel are To clofe together, that
in fome placet at Seftos, they look at a diftance like
thickets, or fmall coppices. There grows all'o a f'ruir
on fhrubt, which, in tadc and figure, refembles
cardamums. At Benin, and In land, there is pepper
like that of the Hall Indies.

The laft fort of pepper, called here Pimento, and
in P^urope, Spanifh pepper, grows here in abundance,
on flirubs almoft of the fame fizc, though fomewhat
lower than the goofbcrry bufhes in Holland. There
are two forts, great and I'mall, both at (irll green, and
change, the I'mall to fine led, the large to a red and
black. This fruit is much hotter than common black
pepper, cfpecially the finaller fort, which is not above
a quarter as big as the other, but the trees grow fix
timet as high, and fpread conlidcrably wider than the
ether.

Vot. I. No. 41.

The Dutch ul'ed form' ty lurxpnil «{ ti|uantiiy
of ityeaily, loading HI It- (hip. ) but > i>utv kin
(ought after. But this In 'of p< pper bei { novv lit-
tle iilcil in K.iiropc, the lia>.c I'f it is ifK.i.ifiderabie,
molt of ihur (hips that ply on this ninfl, look i hictTv
for elephants tccih, of which the Lnglilh and Dut>h
got the l.iri;rft lh.ite.

Bct'ore the comini; of the Portupucl'r, themrrchanti
of Barbary Came hither iiulte .uiols the continent, to
letch this pepper, and that from Barbary lonie qiian
tily was tr.'infported into Italy, where it was culled
Cirain of Haradife.

On the I'l pper Coaft the natives are very intempe-
rate, anil I jxuriouk to cxccfs, always talkin^of their
indelicai'.' amours. They arc much given to piltir-
ing, and, when on board flrp-, (teal tatabhs or goods,
nay even ruliy knives, brnken nails, and in Ihorr,
tvery thing th.it come in their way. They arc intoUr-
rable in begging tor a preterit.

The language of the blacks of this coaft rannot be
underltood at all, trade bcin;; c.irried on byligns.iid
geftures. They are generally well lha|'edj and iic
very ftrong and laborious. When they happc n to meet
from dift'erent places on board a (hip, th-y take oiu-
another by the arm<, near the (houl.lers, laying,
Toma, and letting the li.inds fall to the elbow <,
Towa : then take one .inotheri finder*, a. thofe of
Seftos, and prefs them, uttering the words Kn-
fanemate, Knfanemate i in fignihcation. My friend,
how do you do ?

They have pretty good black-lmithi *ho know
how to harden and temper we.ipon^, knives, in\
Others make canoes large and I'mall, very neatly.
They arc al(r> good hufblndnicn to improve their
lands for rici', millet, and maltghettn, wliieli is their
chief (lependaiice for food and tr:ule.

Their laba, or taba-feyle, and by olher«, tabo-feyle,
that is, ihiir kings, are very arbitrary, and eS'edt mucli
(late when they go abroad, having an abfolute autho-
rity over their people, who pay them great fubmif-
lion. '/'hey are grol's pagans, praying to their Grigrij
or images, and to dead men, to grant them a peaceful
and holy life in this world: they lalute the moon witft
plays, fongs and dances, and great admirers of what
they fuppofe to be forcery.

'I'he Gold Coaft, of which our author treats, was
difcovered by the Portuguefe, though the French have
difputed their pretenfions, afTcrting, that this dif-
covery was made by fome adventurers of Dieppe in
Normandy. However, it is certain, that the French
traded to the Coaft of Guinea at an early period. In
the time of Prince Henry of Portugal, a ihip was
fitted out at Lifbon to make difcoveries along the Af-
rican coalt, which veftel was driven to an ifland in the
Bite of Guinea, on St. I'homas's day, to which
ifland they accordingly gave the name of that Saint.
Here finding plenty of neceft'aries, they ftaid to refit,
ant! formed the firft Portuguefe colony.

7'hefe adventurers returned to Lifbon in the year
1455. King John the fecondj to f ecu re the trade of
his I'uhjcdts, lent thither ten caravel in ibSl, laden
with all forts of materials for building a fort, and
loomafons, under James de Azambuja. This com-
mander, upon his arrival, lent advice to Cal'amanfa,
lord of the countrv, with whom he had before con-
clueled a treaty of commerce, defiring him to coir e
and ratify it. In the mean time he landed his men
privately armed; he took poft'efTion of a little hill,
where there were about 5C0 houfes, not far from Ca-
famant'a's refidence, asa fit place to build the intended
fort. Here he fet up a ftandard with the arms of Por-
tugal, on the feaft of St. Scbaftian, whofc name was
given to a valley where the Portuguefe landed. Af-
terwards Azambuja being informed of Cafamanfa's
approach, rangedhis men in order, and fat down in
an elbow chair. He had on a gold brocade waiflcoat,
and a gold collar fet with jewels. All his followers
were clad in filk, making a lane before him, that the
black prirKe might admire his grandeur. Cafamanfa
on his part was not wanting to (hew his Aate, which
6 L appeared

494

V O Y A C! F. S TO T It t

f«7>f.

appraiiJ by .1 grcM niinibor of utiiicil hl.irk«, uiili :i
nii(:lit) noili (i| (rulll|lr(^, luirii!i, in.kliii^ lull*, ..lul
olhiT iiinruirriit», jll tn^itlicr inukui^* :i liiilcoui noilr.
The prilici|i,il hbikt wire JirlUil .ilirr ihcir own
niJiiiur wlaii (luy y." >y two ji.i^o, onciaityiiti; .1 bucklir, ;iiiii tin
(jtlicr .1 littU- iiiiiiiil llool, Oicir hcritit atluriitil with
gold ut'ttr llii'ir t.i(1ii<i|i.

Af.cr lilt (iifi nuiioniis nnil f 'iilf«, A/amb..''
rra.k ,\ \i.h\^ I|icccIi, (iniiilyiiij; ti.' i,iejt aH-Ciini
whiili ilii' kiiij; hi mallir h.id lui (...'Imr ,:'i, .11 I
lii'hiiu; IiIhiiv 10 biiilj j I'lrt li<r cjtiviii^: uii triJ"
with his lubji'ih, and RiiJ-iing him urribic lu lii>
jifiihli 'um.

Carain.iiiii, nhowatam.iii of ircvij f.nfc, mnJc
fcvcial ohjctl'oiis to till' (irnpolal it build, 11^ a lift,
but WM'^ at l.>.l I , 'va.!id on I'l i.<jiiiL'iit to it. Next
cl.iy, A/.aiiibiija lithi» nu 1 t>i work, :inil the m.ilon*!
brcakiii;; fume iiuL- i.ri ill. lea fid' , thcblak*, whc-
thi-i out of fupe ll, lions veiv'iation lor iliofc io>.kH, or
tliat t!uy could r.oi a; piuvi of citdiii); a fori 111 their
couiury, bij. 11 to in w their rtfrntiiunt. 'i'hn
Aziii biijapc.-iciv iig, caufcil coiiliilcr;iblf prffenu to
bcdiltribiitcd aintiiiK iluin. Ii> ing by tliis niraix ap-
jitadd, tl' ■ P •, lU'^'atl; latriio oil tiuir work with
futhJii' r.ci', iliat tlic .'oft wa^ pu: in a puiturc of
ticti'ii .1 lil> man twenty day«, aiui ih' tower ralle.l
to the nMf lb ry ; thcmateii.iU bri)Ui;lu bv A/.inibuja
bLiiii; fo HticJ, that ihifc was nothing to do but put
them tii;etln.r. Soon after this he fent home his ta-
laiilswith a \a(l quantity of gold.

It was ilfpulatcd by the treaty of peace made at
Alc.izove;, in 1479, between Kerdinand of Callile,
and kins Alphon.o the 5tli of Portugal, that the
coinni.rti.- ami iuvi,^aticn of Guinea, with the con-
tiu.llof the kinj;doin of Fe/, griinteil hy tlic I'op.- to
tin- kings of I'oriunal, Ihould rimain to them, rx-
clulive of the Caihli.iii'i, who en'.',a|;<d not to trade or
toiuh in thole parts without pcrmillioi; fiom the court
of i'oitii,;.d i and on the other hand, that the Canary
Iflan.h Uiuuld entirely belong to the crown ul
fcpam,

l!ut wc find, thai contr.Ty to thefc articles of peace,
th: Ciiliiianf, ill the yeai 1481, h.ivini' lent a fleet
to tiaJc on the Coalt ol (hiiiica, Kiii:; Alphonfo ilif-
patehtd a fquadroii to obftruit them, uniler the com-
mand of Citorge Correal who metting with thirty
lliips of Callik- on the Coall of Minn, alter a Ihaip
ciij^.igcincnt, obtainid a complete victory, biinging
lcver.il ofthein to Lilbon.

Kin^ John 01 l\rtu;4al, gr,Tntcd Utters patent to
fome uiiilcitaltits, himi- If joining in p.irtiierlhip with
them. I hue (hips weir httcil out, and whether the
fort was er.il. ; ill 1471 or 1481, is not known (10
uiiccit;iin arc the I'uriiicuefe liiltorians). King John
l^ave it the name of bt, George, and afterwards
(•lanted many privilif;c« and fiaiichifes to fuch ;is
rtloulJ be willing to rehde in it. He alio gaye it the
II inie of a cit v, and eaiile<l a church to be built in it,
dclicatid to tli.. fimc iiaiiit. Alter this, he took the
lillc of Lord ut Cluiiica, and commanc'ed that thoh
einplj)ed to nuike liik-overies for the future along the
Couth.rii Co.id of Africa, fhoulJ, at every place of
note, iMcl a fijuare monument of ftone, (ix feet
hij;''., With li'.sai..i^ on it, and two inl'rriptioii';, one
on each lide in I.ati.i and I'ortugele. Conlainini; the
year, month, and dav .vhcii that dilcovcry was made
by his cidci, w ith the name of the captain who com-
m mded luili expcJition. He ordered alio a Uone
ciofs to be tiamptd into that peJeftal j whereas in
former times, they ufed to fct them up of wood,
tioinc years after, the king of Portugal formed a
(jiiinc.i company, wiUi the priviledac of an exclufive
trad^'. At (ii if they nude a very confidcrable pridit,
.Tiid rauftJ Kort .S:. Andrew to be built at Axini,
iiooiher fiinll one at Acra, and a lodge at Sama, on
the river 01 St. George, for the convenirncy of fup-
plying tliL- gairifonof Aliiia with provifions, which
b^ fore was maintained by the Icing of Portugal : who
ri.ji;[vcd 10 hi:iif::lf the 1 i^ht ui' appointing a govctnur

and other officer", every three year', to jrallfv futh
III hit lubjei^U a> had lerved hiin will in l-uiopraiii
in Atiica, III his wai* with Ihv Muvrt ul l\t, with-
out niakiii.; thur lortunr^.

Thua the gariilon of thi< plarr, «< Wtll offiri;i« M
eonmiiin foldiir«, ciini lo l<e t.Miimonly compodd «'t
liwd and ilil'i'iiiy p>ifrii«, (uUd to loiiiiiiil »ut-
i,i;;c«, and tu pluildei) or ol lUsh ai Wiic l>aiiil>.i<i
Poitugal for tlitir crimen.

In the i(. ^'11 III lliiitythe thin), of Franrf, th«
rinl wan liirrc bung at an end, the Krciieh bfpan
.i^a n 10 lKi|ueiit the Pvp|M-r and (jnld Coalt, but
could not prevail wi)h tlu blacks ol Alina to deal
with them, thole people being deterred by the ihrrMi
of the i'oitugiuli. On this ihry (iilei) tbeiur to
Acia i upon itiielligencc that the ne^tot, provokid
by the baibarout ulage of that nation, had luptil'-d
their little fort, dtltroyed llie gurrifun, and raced it to
the ground, in the year 157H.

Kioni that time the Portiigucfe credit and interfft
on th.<l coali began to decline, alter they hiiJ leaped
all the ..iK intakes of the Guinea fade Iri above icu
years, and fell into the hands ol the h uropean nations ;
who, by d.grees b eaine Ihaieis of the wealth. But
this was not with lut b|r«)d(hed, piirticularlv many of
the French iolf their lne>- by the hand- iithtr of the
Portugucfc or bl.iks who rrceucd an hundrril
eriwns reward fnin the former, for every h.adof «
Irtnchman they brought, whuh were cxpokd on
the walls of the fort.

Mean time the French, who had hitherto trai'ej
on the Maiieghetta, or Pepper Coall, Imii ; the ;.T>at
piofit the Poitui ui fc made by their tiadc on the GolJ
Coart, fent fome fliips there alli». Hut the negro*
durft not (leal with them, for fear of offending the
PoitU|;uefe as they fieily owned. Hi'sviver, roiniitj;
to Acra, the Ficncli were \wll received hy the ne(.ro ,
who ghidly trad'd with them, when they found thejr
weie enemies to the Pcrtuguele.

'I"hc I'oriugiiele Hnding other methods fiuitlefs,
fent two Ifout Ihips tiom I'ortugal to guard the co'ft.
With thife tliey liink a lliip from iJiepne, calKd the
tfperence, killing the greatell part of the crew, and
making the reft itaies, in the year 15S2. liut net
prohibition or force prevailing to deter the negros
from trac'ing with the French, the PoMtiguclc
managed fo as to exclude by force not only the F'tutch,
but all loreign I'ations from trading on the coalt.
Not content with this, they fell on fuch interlopirs ot
their own nation as the hope of gain had brought
here, conlifcatiiig the (liips and I'oods, ;>nd punidung
the men with dci.th. A Poituguele Ihip that haj
ihen traded here, was, on her reiurii to l.ifbon, con-
demned to the king, and the crew put to death.

Not long after the year 1600, a b:irk, bound fiom
Port-a-Port to Rio del Ardrci!, was taken hy the
pirates. The crew put into the oftlc of Miii.i lor
frcdi water and pr'.vifions; but though they weie
.Spaniards, yet the governor refuted them this lilwrty,
on account of their not having the king's leave tr>
trade here, ai)d even ihreateneil thim with flavery if
thcv did not quit the coall.

'Fhe Dutch met with no better treatment froi»
the Poituguclt-, when they had an opportunity, but
would not defilt from the Ciuinca trade, being enccu-
r;igid by the mighty profit they I'ound on that coalf,
to bear w ith the outrages offered by thofe |KOple, till
at lalt ihiy had their full revenge. Fur when the
w ar broke out between the Hollanders and Spain,
the former c.illing to mind the injuries done them bv
the Portugucfe, at that time fubjr<its to Spain, took,
from them not only one half of Brafil, but likcwilc
all the forts they had on the Coaft of Guinea, drivinj
them from that nation lor ever, by forcing them tu
furrender the caIHe of Mina, in the year i'Jj7i anJ
that of Axiin in lb42-

The Portugucfe authors fay, the Dutch treated the
blacks even worfc than thenifclvcs had done, anJ
that the latter gained more upon the blacks by ciunk-
cuncfs, giving them wine amd Itror-g liqucis, than

•jtjr.J

COASTS AND 1 S f. A \ D ■: OV AI' R I ( A.

49i

• h I'uth

'ft aii4

Wilh-

attd the
nc, anJ
crunk-

bv forrt- of ftrm, nnd iiiflriifling them, »» mini(ttf«
i>l ihi'll \il, in t)uir \vlilii.>!ii.i> : but ili.it ilmr
ilill 'lilt' livi:> ami iii.iiiiiir>, j»iii.<l to llir .iJvuiili^c^
wtiirli III.: I'urlu^iM Ic iil Muu, thoii^li inMiiir ill
liiiinhvt, li ul g4iiicil u/ir tluin in roiiw riticiniiilvrt,
li.iJ fcihleri.J thi'in .19 ct>iiti.iii|itil>li' aiiiun;; the bl.icks
tor ihiir to'wjiilitc, a> w.iiit ut virtue. I'lul tliiy
htlJ, vnitliuuc liny iiilit r ri^lit ih.iii fuur, thu furl in
il.inii.ir, I'lui Uj^iKi Iruiii th.it ut' AxKM t ullu ihi-
Icttiriiiciit <il Coi.i, C'uruinantiii, iiiiJ AM>..t ilil
TuiTU",!! Coiiinienjci. Tlut ihiy ptiiicjUly ciijoycil
the CMifinn t\f (it Mill* iilcir, whiif ilicy |uiri.U.iltiJ
itbou'uvo .illiun« of ^oM yearly, and cxpoiiJ all
th^tioul' ,■ furiiilh'.-J ihi'iiiby the Ka7..irt, anJotlur
iiil.iiiil I .iins ; ih.it ilic qu.iniily ul mcichanJili'
broui^hi hy ihc Dutch, aii>l ihtir clicapiiii'*, had
iiudc the liarbaiLiiiH iiioic'^;;rcrdy of thun i ihuuKh
tiiinv |K'<i|ilu would willin{',ly have luid duuhlc tor the
l'ortu^;iK It' ^cKHJ.., as luliKi'ling the Uutch to be ul Iclt
valui', buying ihcni oiilv tor want of hctti r.

When the l'oriu;^ui-le of Kl Miii.i, I'ounJ the
Dutch trade un llu' toalt increare to their ^rriit l>i|i>,
Dill rndeavoiiri.d to exiili' the nativen ai^.iinl) tliim.
A Dutih lliip, tr.idin^; at Cape Cutlo, \vj» thus
liri uinvcntid by tlie nij;ro<, wiio |)rctcnd J to thi;
captain, unc hiiiioii dc I'aye, tiiat ilieir k'li^ was
coniini; on h'laid to vilit linn. I'lie DiitchMLin IVtit
Ills bu.it on lliiiic to ricei>'e the kin • ; but the negros
ill their canues furri'undiin; the bu,it, altac>.iit .iii.l
liillid tlu'trew, cxeept one or two, who by Iwiininlnij
{.'leaped to the {hip. I'liis was done at the iiil).-
cution of the Purtugud' , who alfu tau;.'ht the luiues
how to adulterate their uuld, and put it uli' tu the
Dutch.

'I'he I'ortujuefe governor at El Min.i, at this
tinu en;;a^ed oiij Voct.aii, a pre.'t i: -^'i. tr.idcr, who
li.iJ liriw d.'jliii['s with the Dutch, to betray lome ul
tlieiii iiitii h:< hands. I'or this end, ion." neijros
(.aiiie un b'uida Dutch baric tha' was trailing on the
cuall, and pieiendin ; Iriendlliip, iiifoiined them,
til It there was plenty uf deer and other game where
they lay. 'I'he Dutch on this, lent iiiree men vn
(lluie to hunt. Ill the mean time ihey talked in tu
trieiidly a manner with thole on buard, wliol'ufpeded
DO harm, mat tliey put out their matches ; which the
iiOKros perceiving, fell fuddeiily on them, wounding
and killing lome, and hrowing others over-buarJ,
to that they had all perillied, if the carpenter, who
was cuaiiig wood, had not run to help them, with
his hatchei falling on fo furioufly, that lie forced them
to efcjpe by fwininiing. However, the three men,
who went on ({lore, were feiicd by the nci^ros, and
carried to the gi.veinor, who kept them in flavery.
'I'iie Portuguclc here having no power of putting any
to death, without an order from the governor ol
Portugal, unlcl's when a Have attempts to efcapc.

live Dutchmen goinj; in a canoe to Mawri, were
by a calm ditained at fea near the caftic, in 1599,
which the j;ovcrnur obferving, lent lome negro«, who
tell upon them, and woiinuing them, r .rried tlum on
fliore, where they cut ott' their heads, which they pre-
fcnted to the governor.

In January, 1600, the Portuguefc, by the afiillancc
of the ncgros, furpril'ed .nnotlier Dutch baik, bul
were io warmly received, that tlicy were gl.id to ec;
away.

'1 he fame year, the Comnicndo and Fetii blacks,
animated by the Dutch, who fupplicd iliem with
arms and other iicccflaries, role af;aiiift ihc Puitu;;ucl"e.
The Dutch now iilolvvd to ereil fome lotts on the
Coaft of 15cnir and Angola. Then puflifing under-
hand, with I' . ral uf the kings, that of Sabow gave
them leave to uild a fort at Mawri, three leagues eaft
from Cape Cortb, which they iiniflicd in the yeai
1624, and f7ave the command to Adrian Jac>jbs, at
the time the crown of Portu>;al was at war with the
Dutch, but puH'en'cd by Philip IV. King of Spain.

Ill December, 1625, the Dutch made an attempt
on the caftlc of Mina, with J2,coo of their own
nieii9 and 150 Sabow blacks, under the command of

thrir ie.ir-.ul>iiiial, J,in Dnk I.anib, who l.itnlid j«
'I'lira I'lepivii.i, 01 Aiii'iila, in Ihe eiiintiv ol C'lili -
iiKli.lii, Imi Here luaily r.nited by the Portiii;ui i,!
juxilurie*, the bhiiks of Miiia ahiiir. Thole lialivv*
attacked the Diiuh before ih' ycjiiM f mil their body,
at the toot of a lull, a litlh' Ik lure liiu-let : the action
was rvir biloie ni^'.hi, w.ih the llau^litcr ot ^• ^
folJii IS, and (jti leaiimi, hi liil. » all the auxiliary Saljov^
bl.<iks, and molt of the Duteh ottieert. Their i(e>
iier.il bein:; wounded, was icleuwj by the I. idle Cuf'-
mam blacks.

Soni/yiars after, the Duteli iiia.lc over ihc properly
of foit N ill'au, al Mawri, to the \\ ell In.li.l lom-
pany, Nieliulas \'.iii V preii, iheir genual in that
pl.ier, made inuielt Iroiii tune to tune, by preliiut
and pioniiles, \miIi ilie black kings along tlial loall,
to drive the I'ortugitele Imin theiiee, and I. illetli'ir,-
lelves in their ruiiiii. He fueeerdid lo w l<, a> evui
Io fomeni a divilion among the Puruiguiie gariil\in
of Miiij. Having thus difp fed all lliin"s lor .1
ehaiig ', and gameil tlir eab. thus, . nd cap ...n ol thu
town tu ainit ihe Dutch in a fnoii.l ai .mp'. upon ihj
eallie : be feiil au account tu lliu diueturs uf thj
eumpany.

The;- gentlemen bavin;; fome vein before trained
a fooling in llialil, hy taking ,St, Salvadoi, and
Uahi.i, had bent their ihou.ht on leeuring a place i.f
arms on the Co.ill ol Afiiea j that being iTius ni.illiis
ol both points, on the two opp..!! u toiitinei.ts, tin y
nii^lit have the eoii.inaiid ol the oe an, and of thu
pair.ige 10 thu K.ill Indus, and luin^ lli ul.ole tii.lij
imo their own hands. They had olteii lought out
for lueh a pl.iee of arms along ihe Coalt ot Alriea,
from Cajic Verde, to the C.ipe of (iood Hope . but
failed III ilieir levi ral atteiiipis, and paiiieulaiiy in
that lieluie mentioned, in 1O25, againll the callle of
Kl Miiia, which was rcckuiicd the muil cuiiveiiient
for their deligns.

Piince Maurice, of Naflau, a near relation to the
Prince of tJrangc, ariived at Uralil with a lleet uf
thiily-two thipi, (twelve of tlitm men of war) car-
rying 27CO loldiers, lining by the Dutch Well Imii*
tomp:iny appointed governor general of that cuuntrv,
and of Souih America, where he made leveral eoii-
k|iicfts. V in Vpren being informed thenof, fent a
vetli'l over to give him an account of the favourable*
opportunity thin otleied tor redue.ng the catllc of
El Mills, and thereby driving the I'orluguetc from
the Ciuld Coali, Count N'alliiu lent him nine men
of war of his fciuardron, under the command of
Colonel Hans Conic.

This fvjuardroii arriving at Cape I-a How, on the
Quaijua Coalf, on the 25111 of Juni-, ibl-, the
comman.ler immediately tent advice to Van \ pren ac
Mawri, and proceeded himfelf with his I'quardron tu
Illeni. There he received that gential's oideis to
bring his I'quaidron to Commendo road, where he
waited with two hiiiidied canoes uf blacks, and tome
tranl'port thips. .Mean time Van Vpren had gamed
over 10 his party, moft of the youth of Commendo,
to whom he pi'oiniled a confiderable turn of gold, iit
cafe he leduced the callle by their afliflance.

Thus the lUet proceeded towards Cape Corfo, and
the forces landed the 24th of July, in a little creek,
about half a mile welt of th^- C.'[e. They «ere in
all eight hundred fuldieis and live hundred feamen,-
cach cariyiiig thiee days piovilioiij; belidcs tha
auxiliary blacks, „nil marched in three bodies. They
all halted at t!ie river Dana, to refrefli. And Coine,
who brought up the rcer, being informed that a body
of one ihoufand Mina blacks was polled at the foot
of the hill of St. Jago, to oppofe his taking polUflioit
of it, which it was abfolutely neceti'ary to do, as
commanding the fort ; he detatchcd four companies
of fuliliers tobeal tbcin otF; but molt of them were
cut to pieces by thole blacks, who lltuck off their
hcad.s, and carried them to the town.

Major Bon Ciarzon being fent with another de-
tachment, forded the liver Dana, and f.dling on that
body viKoroufly, diblijcd them tu abandon their poif,

which

4^6

VOYAGES TO THE

[1717.

•5
\ i

which he took po/rcflion of, wiili the lofs of four
\Vhitcs and ten liiaclcs, the nntivis afterwards endea-
vourinn twice to recover that p«il, were obliged tore-
tire. Hon (larzon purfuing them down into the vil-
lage, between the mountains, and the hill of St. Jago,
where the reft of the Dutch forces imitiediately joined
him.

The i'ortugucfe, no longer able to keep the field,
retired into the redoubt they had biiift on the hill of
St. Jigo. whei« they were foon after attacketh Co-
lonel Coine having caufcd two ways to be cut through
the thickets, which covered one fide of the hill, the
one leading on the river Dana, and the other direftly
to the redoubt itfelf; and two pieces of cannon and a
mortar were brought up the Hill, and mounted on an
advantageous fpot, which commanded the caftle fo
entirely, that ten or twelve bomb^ the Dutch threw
from thence, were very near falling into the place.

Another detachment of Dutcli and Cotnmendo
blacks, was fent out toatuck the Mina blacks, and
nfterwards the weft end of their town. The Com-
r:endo blacks attempting to drive away fomc cattle,
had been cut to pieces, but for the condud of their
officers, who kept them clofe in a body along the ri-
ver Banja, which covered them. Next day the Dutch
Rcing reinforced from their main body, att.ickcd tlie
town of Mina, but were forced to retire, by the ex-
eeflive fire from the caftle.

The day after, the general, to prevent his enter-
tcrprife from mifcarryi«g by delay, fummoned the
caftle as foon as rt wa* light, jirotcfting, that he would
put all the garrifon to the tword, it" they rcfufed to
ftirrender immediately. The I'ortugucfe i^overnor de-
mantled three >lays tu confid-r of it, which being rc-
fufeii hiiTi, Coine the next morning drew up his
forces on the hill of St. Jago, and threw fcveral
bombs into the city with little effeifl ; but the fol-
lowing cit'V, having caufcd his grandees to draw nearer
til the cadlc, the Portuguefc beat the chamade, and
Rnlout two perfons to capitulate, the articles being
furh as the Dutch general would impofe, viz.

Firif, The ^ovcrnur, garrifon, and alt the Portu-
guefe, to march out that day, with their wives and
children, but without fworJs, colours or any wea-
pons, each per/on being allowed but one fuit of wear-
ing apparel.

Secondly, All the goods, merchandife, gold and
llavcs to remain to the Dutch, except only twelve
flaves allowed the inhabitants.

Thirdly, The church ftuff, which was not of gold
orfilvr, allowed to be'taken away.

Fourthly, The Portuguefc and mulattos to be put
on board the fquadron, with their wives and children,
and carried to the ifland of St. Thomas.

The fort was delivered up to the Dutch, on the
jgth of Auguft, i6j7, and in it they found 30 pieces
of brafs cannon, 9CC0 weight of poAder, and much
other ammunition, but very little ^old, and no great
quantity of goods. This done, Coine returned to
Mawri, with his forces, leaving Captaii) Walraeven
with a garrifon of 140 men, bedfies feveral blacks,
whohxd taken an oath of fiJelity to them.

Coine, to make his advantage of the confterna-
tion, the fpccdy conqueft of the caftle of Mina had
fpread along the Gold Coaft, fent a canoe with a let-
ter to the governor of Fort St. Anth )ny, at Axim,
the moft important poft the Portuguefe had, next to
Mina, to fummen him to furrender that place, before
he came to attack it with his forces. This governor,
whr iiad more courage than that of Mina, confider-
ing that there was no great danger of vifit during
the rainy fcafnn, amwircd. That h? was t.Mdy to give
the gencrul a good reception if became, and was re-
I'olved tndffind the pl.iix to tliclaft rxtrciniry. This
rribliite JnKver olili^'cd Coiiu- to put orf tliat cnter-
prifctoa more f.iv oil r,ible oppoituiiitv, amlilK- Dutch
did not reduce Axiin till the xciir 1642. Coine, On
his n uirn to the Bi.ilil with his fleet, was received at
Olinda, and at .•Xir.uiit, by tViuiit John Morice's
command, uiuler adilcharge nf all the cannon^ and
with all other marks oJ honour. - -..

The Du:ch now became maftcrs of the important
poft of Mina, and endeavoured to tnjjrolsitll the trauu
of the coaft in (heir own hands ; to that cffeiSt, Van
Vpren was called thither from Mori, to make that
Ms refidence,' as general of Guinea and Angola.
He caufed thccaftlc toberepaiird and enlarged, and,
by degrees, made it much ftrongcr, more beautilul,
and (if a yeatcr extent, Chan when in poflellion of the
Portu;;ucfe.

The Dutch at firft treated th6 blacks at Mina and
the reft of the coaft very gently, larefling, and pre-
fcnting the chiefs of them with prel'cnts ; but wheit
the Englifti came to put'in fur a ih.nre of the trade of
that ricli country, and endeavoured to make intercll
with the nativcii, in order to fettle on their coalts,
the Dutch changed their former civility into fcvcrity,
to deter them frotn favouring their new rivals. Tluy
alfo f.-ized the Eiiglifli fort at Cormentin, where th>:
commander of that nation refided, which was one of
the motives fof the u-ar between England and Hol-
land in 1666.

To curb the blacks al6ng the coaft, and tocngroft
the whole trade, they eredlcd finall forts at ISoutroj
Sama, Corfo, Anamabo, Cormentim, and Acra,.
under pretence of protedting them againft their inland
neighbours, who often harrafted them by invrifions.
With the fame view they likewifc laid dutie.4 on the
fifticry of the negros at Axim, Mina, aild Mawii,
forbidding them, under fcvcrc penalties, to hold any
correfpondence, or to trade with other Europeans, as
has been obfervcd. In fliort, they proceeded to lord
it over them fo abfolutely, as to take cognizance or
all civil and criminal matters, and to aft'ume the
power of life and death, though at the fame time they
were obliged to pay yearly acknowledgements to thii
native kings for the forts they had there. For all thcfc
precautions, the blacks were not deterred from tr.iding
when occalion offered, with other Europeans, whom
the Dutch treated as interlopers.

[It fecms the difcontcnt of the Mina and Com-
mendo blacks, as well as thofe of Fetu and Sabow,
was grown to fuch ? height, when Barbot was there,
efpeciatly thofe of Mina, that they had adually
broken with the Dutch, and kept their general dole
confined to the caftle, without daring to come on
board for ten months, in which tmie thejr had twice
afta^lted it, though without fuccefs, for want of un-
derftanJing the art of war : they loft about 80 of their
men, and killed but four of the Dutch. While they
lay thereabouts, 30 or 40 canoes full of blacks came
every day from Mina and Commendo, complaining
to him of the hardftiips the Dutch put upon their
countrymen, fome of whom were for a long time
kept in the Bilbos within the caftle, expofed ftark
naked to the fcorching fun by day, and the cold dews
in the night. Barbot himfcif ^w three of them in
that condition on the land batteries, (hewed him by
the then Dutch general, who had kept them fo above
nine months to punifh their boldnefs and treachery,
having been concerned in theconfpiracy of the Mina
blacks at that time, to furprife and burn the caftle of
St. George i but their defign being prevented, many
of them, after firing their houfcs, fled from Town to
other places on the coaft, the blacks both here, and at
Commendo, entertained Barbot with their grievances,
aiid importuned him to inform the French court at his
return, howdefirous they were to fee the French fet-
tled there, to proteft them againft the oppreflion they
lay under. Being one morning at breakfaft with the
general, with whom he was pretty familiar, as being
an old acquaintance, he fpied through the gallery
window, feveral ca^ioes of Mina, going on board the
author's floop in the road, to trade. Hereupon he
abruptly, in a paftion, threatened to detain him, and
feize his vcflcl. Barbot, to pacify him, dcfired him
to fend on board to know whether he had not left po-
fitive orders with the mafter, to fell nothing to the
blacks; adding, that the fifcal was actually in the
(loop, to dbfcrve what pafted. For his farther fatif-
fadtion, the author fold him the reniaiaing part of
f tl».

lyib.]

COASTS AND ISLANDS t AFRICA.

«1

the cargo for about ten marks of gold, it wliich M
the hlaoLs, wh.i were on bourd, were mucit (lifplcalcii
at his return. J

The Gold CnjH contains fifteen kingdoms along
the ftiorc, which are Adouir, called alfo Socu,
and Awina, Axim, Ancnbar, Adoni, named like-
wife Little Iiicaflan, or VVarflics ; Jabi, or Jabs;
Comiiendo, or UuafFo } Fctu, S.ili.w, or Sabowj
Fantin, Acron, Agon^a, or Angwira j Acra, or
Aquambous, Labbadc ; and Ningo, or Limpi.
This coaft ought to be reckoned to begin at Rio dc
Sweiro da Cotta, near Iflini, being the fiift place
where gold is purchafed, and to end at Lay, in the
country of Lampi, 13 or 14 Ic;i!;ul-s eaft of Acra,
where this metal is only to be h;ul accidentally from
the Amahow people, who live farther inland.

Thefe countries contain fume, one, two, or more
towns or villages, lying on the fca (hoie, either un-
der or between the huropcan forts and caftles. Thcfe
are only for the convcniency of trade and fifhing;
for the principal towns lie within land, and are very
populous. Nine of thefe kingdoms ate governed by
their refpeflivc kings, or captains, as they were called
before the Europeans came here. The other fix are
Independent republics, under the dircJlion of their
own magiftrates. The inland countries arc governed
by kings or lords.

In the neighbourhood of the river Ancobar, or
Cobre, where the Gold Coaft begins, there are a great
number of villages, wliich compole the three different
iflands of Ancobar, Aborrel. and Agwira, thefirfla
monarchy, and the other two republics.

For fcvcral years pad, the Dutch had a fort in
the country of Egwira, and drove a very con-
iidtrable trade there ; for befides the afllux of gold
brought thither from foreign parts, the countrv it-
Iclf affords fonie gold mines j but the Dutch loft iheir
footing tlicrc in a very tragical manner. For the com-
mander in chief of the ncgros being clofely beficged by
the Duuh, as fame reports, fhot gold initeadaof lead,
hinting, by (igns, that he was ready to treat, and af-
terwards trade with the befie;;ers ( but in the midft of
their negotiation he blew up himlelf and all his enC'
mics at once. To conipafs this dcfign, he cni^aged a
flave by a promifc of ncwcloaths, to ftand ready with
a lighted match, with which he was to fire the pow
der, when he faw him ftamp his foot. This the
filly wretch but too pundhially performed, undifco-
vercd by any but one of the company's fiaves, who
obferving it, filently withdrew in time, being the
only one left alive to carry the news to Axim.

Eight leagues to the call of Cape Apollonia, is a
village which the nativci call Akxem,an(l the French
Axim. This country was once a monarchy. The
arrival of the Jirandenburghers divided the inhabi-
tants, one part of them putting thcmfelves under
the protedlion of the new comers, in hopes of more
liberty ; the reft, who were the honeftcr part, con-
tinuing under the Dutch. Before this time, Axim,
extended feven leagues from the Rio Cobrc, or Ser-
pentine river, to the village cf Hoefwa, a mile weft of
the Dutch fort, near the i illage of Boutry, or
Butrow.

The foil produces abundance of rice, watcr-mel-
lons, ananas, ctxos, banana*., oranges, Iwcet and four
lemons, and other fruit, and fallading. Their maife
is not good, nor in great quantities, on account of
the heavy rains that fall there.

Axim is governed by a body of Cabodiirs, who are
the chief, and by the Manc«rus, or young men,
clefled thereto. The public atfairs are managed by
the former, but what concerns the whole land, as
war and peace, and the raifing of taxes (which fcl-
dom happens) fall under the immediate cognizance of
both aflemblies.

Axim has many fine large villages, all of them
very populous, fome feated on the Ihore, others far-
ther inland. The chief near the ftiore that are called
Achombene, at the Dutch fort of St. Anthony, and
Pocquefo near the hill Manfroat Cape 'l\et Puntat.

Vvt. I. No. 43

The land is well cultivatcdj and the natives gene-
rally rich, by the great trade ihcy drive for gold wifh
the Europeans ; but by the long wars between thcfe
people and thole of Ante and Adeni, the trad« has
much declined of late.

The ncgros of Axim carry on a very con-
fidcrahle trade in gold, chiefly with the Englilh, and
Zealand interlopers, notwithftanding the penalty in-
curred by fucli as the Dutch catch in doing lo j yet
they find means by bribing the Haves ftt to watch
them, to carry it on ; fo that the Dutch have nut
.above the hunclredth part of the gold here.'

Fort St. Anthony is feated on a large, high roekj
runningout from the fhore to the fca, like a narrow
pcnlnfula, with a round, high, rocky head, on which
tile fort ftands, fu encompallcd with clift's and rocks^i
it is only acceftibleon the land fide, where it is well
fortified with breaft-work, a diaw-bridgCj and a bat-
tery of large guns, to cover the whole.

The firft fort which the Portuguefe (who built this
of St. Anthony) had here in the reign of King
Emanuel, was in a little point on the {hore, which
they were forced to dcmolifli on account of the at-
tacks made by the natives, and remove to this rock.
The Dutch uifpoflefl'ed them of it, January the 9th,
1642, and by the fucceding peace between Portugal
and Holland, it was yielded to the Dutth Weft India
company, who ftill poftcfs it.

This fort, though not large, is handfomely built,
being triangular, and ftrong by nature. It has two
batteries on the land fide, and one on the fea, with
proper out-works, which, as well as the walls, arc
of the black ftone of the country ; low to the fea,
becaufc the rock there is high and ftecp, and higher
to the land fide. It mounts twenty-two iron guns, be-
fides padereros. The gate of the fort is low, and
well fccurcd by a ditch eight feet deep, cut in the
rock, over which is a draw-bridge^ deiended by two
padereros, befides a fpur that can contain twenty
men, with feveral fteps, or ftair$« cut in the rockj
to get up into the fort from the fpur.

The chief factor's houfc is neatly built of brickj
and high, being tiiangular, with three fronts, before
one of which, on the weft fide, is a very fmall fpot
of ground, planted with a few orange-trees.

'rhc Dutch garrifon here is ufually twenty-five
whites, with as many blacks, under a ferjcant in the
company's pay^ and if well flored with provifions,
is able torafiftan army of the natives. One incon-
veniency here is, as in other forts on the coaft is^
that the violent rains in the wet feafons moulder the
walls, and require a continual charge to keep up the
fortifications. For this rcafon, the Dutch have a
lime-kiln near the village, where they make lime of
oyfter-fliells, which are in plenty here, fufHcient not
only to ferve this fort, but eveii £1 Mina, and their
other fortrefles.

Th* natives here make it their chief bufincfs to feeic
gold by diving, in which fome are fo Ikilful, that they
Avill remain a quarter of an hour under water. But
the violence of it, often fubjefls them to ruptures,
and as they know not the ufe of truflesi they foon
die. Their way is to plunge in head-foremoft, with
aralabafti in their hand, which th*-/ liii with fand, or
wh.ilcvcr they find at the bottom of the river, and
this they repeat till they arc tired, or think they havB
got cnou;;h. Then fitting on the bank of the riverj
they put two or three handfulls of this fand or earth,
in a wooden platter, like a bowlt and holding it under
water, ftir it with their hand. This done, they fift
it, always covered ftightly with water, that the water
may carry of the lighter parts, while the gold, which
is heavicll, finks to the bottom of the bowl, wher*
it lies lik a yellow, heavy duft, fomctimee mixed with
larger gi?iins. This is what they call wafticd gold|
and what is found at Axim, is reckoned the bcft on all
the coaft. I'his river of Axim, and thofe which fall
into it, muft needs pafs near gold mines, the par-
ticles of which metal are carried down by their ftrcam.
After the great flocds in the rainy feafoni, the negros
6 M htts

4'>«

VOYAGES TO T II L

[«7»r'

here get goli! in greater qunntitiM and larger grains
than at oilier times. Hut they dare nut fell their gold
to any other nation than the Duteh, or trade with
any fhips on the coall ; tor their villages are cum-
nianded by the cannon of fort St. Anthony. This
the Dutch have contrircJ, under pretence of pro-
te(5)ing them, but in reality, to monopolize the
tr.-ide; which ni.ikcs their government 16 odious
along the Guinea Coaft.

The Dutch C)ppi.r Kcopman, or chief faflor^ here,
is the next po(t on the cojil:, to the i;enerallhip of
Kl Min.i, and has a kUid of fovcrcign authority
through the whole country o( A\im, determining all
raufcs among the negros, and all linei being paid into
his hands; who didributes them to the injured
pcrfuns, iirft deducting hia own fees, whii-h are very
large. For inftance, if a i>Uck be fined an hundred
crowns, his dues amount to two thirds, and the
ether third falls to the ani-mbly of caboOiirs. But in
cifes of murder, robbery, or debt, three fourths ot
the whole belong to the plaintiff, and the other fourth
is for the fadior and caboOiirs, who divide it into three
parts, the former taking two, the«4atter one. I'he
tifliermen here, »lfo, pay him the eighth of the
tilh they catch, which produces no 'inconfiderable
funi.

'J'hree leagues caft of fort St. Anthony, is the hill
Manfro, and near it the village of Pocqucfo, pretty
large and populous ; this is the fame which we have
diltinguiHuJ n<i John Conny'stown.

The hill of RIanfro, is very proper to build a fort
on, being clofe to the lirft point of Cape Trcs Puntas,
and here the Brandenburghers, or Pruflians chief
fortiefs is icated.

Cape Tres Puittas, was fo called by the Portu-
guefc, from the three little heads, or hills, which
compofc it, and lie at a fmall diilance from each
other i forming between them t.vo bays, where vedlls
may anchor. The tjps of thefe hills are aduincd
each with a grove of tall trecf, vifible at a gieat
diftanrc. It lies in four degrees ten minutes north
latitude.

On the fliorc of the bays lie three vill.iges, Acora,
Accuon, and Iniiama, or, as the Englilh call it,
Dixcovf. — Acora is at the bottom of the firft bay,
fi'om the weft. Accuon lies on the afcent of the
middle point of the Cape. And Dixcove, is in a little
gulph, formed b) the lund, between the he«id or point,
and Acron.

Some reckon thefe villages to belong to the king of
VVarflias, or little Incanan ; which lies between
AximandAnta. The v. hole country about the cape
i'^ hilly and woody. One furt of timber here, is of a
Jinc yellow, of which chairs, t.ibles, &c. are made.

Bcfides great Frederickfburgh, the Pruflians have
anotlicr fort and lodge in the neighbourhood. The
fort is at Tacrama, or Crcma, a village in the mid-
dle of Cape Tres Punt.if, betwixt Great Frede-
rickfburgh and the lodge. It was built by the
Pruflians in the year 1074, to fecure the adjacent
w.itering place. It mounts only fix guns, to hinder
the natives from trading with foreign fliips within
reach of them ; the natives being entirely uiid'T the
governmciitof thcPrufliandiredor atFrcderickfiiurgh.
In 1701, the Piullian f.iiilor here fufl'cred foreign
Ihips to wood and water fur ten pounds per fliip.

The lodge, ur little fort, called Dorothea, is at
Acoda, about three li.:igiics call of the Cape, it was
about the year 1690, enlarged by the Dutch, who
had difpoirejlcd the Prufliani, of it in 1683, but after-
wards redored it, by order of the company, about
i6a8. They have fince confiderably ilrengthened
and improved it. It is only a huule with a flat roof,
on which are two fmall batteries, with about twenty
jjuns i and a fufficieiit number -if apartments,
llighlly built, and too much crowded.

At Dixcove, properly called Intiamo, the Engliffi
built a fmall fort in i6qi, alter they had fcvcral times
diiputcd the ground with the Ijrandenburghcrs, who,
fam« time before, had let up their elei^lui's flag lucre ;

but not finding it turn to account, tjiiietly yielded
it, and the Englilh wi le fix years in fiinlhing it.

Smith, in 1726, found this a handfome, regular
fortification, with four good batteries, mouiitcJ with
twenty guns. 'I'his, and all the Englilh forts, an;
fubordinate to Cape Coall Caflle, the chiefs being only
allowed to carry a St. Gorge's Hair, wiiich is Ai 'Oiu,
acrofsGulesj wln'reas thofe who are gnuinors, or
generals by perniiliion, hoill the uiimi. ri.i!;, as ..t
the Gambra, Sierra Leoiia, C.ipc Coiili, and
Whidah. At Dixcove there are two villages com-
manded by the fame cabolhir) who, whenever thu
flag at the fort is dilpIayeJ, hoilis the St. George'*
fl.ig at his houfe, to ihew his attachment to the Englilh.
Here is a very (Ac cove, or landing place ; and the
gardens belonging to the furt arc both pleafunt and
profitable.

The kingdom of Anta, or Hante, begins at thq
village of Boefua, eight miles call of Acoda, anil
lying between Infi.unaand tJie Cape at iiroeiroj ; and
extends rail to Saina, where it borders on that of tlie
Jabs; on the m.rth it has Adoni, to the north-cart
Alampe, on the north-weft Eguira, on the well
Inkefiiin and Axim, to the foutli and fouth-caft, the
ocean. It is about tin i. agues from calt to weft-,
full of hills, covered witn lar^je tiees, between
which, lie fpacious villapcs.

For feveral u'ars this courrry w- ■ divided into the
upper and lowet Ant:i, ji wlacn Axim was reckoned
the firft. It was formerly potent and populous, being
inhabited by a warlike, predatory people, frequently
invading the Dutch: but their t^mtinual wars wiili
the people of Adom, and others, have I'o infeibUd
them, that no footfteps remain ot I'.ieir piilUne
glory.

But the war in i6gi, betwixt the Anteans and
Adumians, reduced it to a miferubio ron.lition, and
ftrippcd it of iiioft of its iiihubitaii'.'.. 'llic lew now
left are fo dilpiritcd, that they ftuiier the ' felves ur-
dcr the Dutch foit, near i; :utri, leaving the K.iid
wild and uncultivated, lietore that war, the author
walked through this country, from Axim to l.'.iutri,
and regaled his eyes with a profpeCf of nun.eroiis
villages, well peopled, a plentiful harvi 11, and abun-
dance of cattle. Boutri exceeds other places for
healthinefs; for while he ftaid there, fewer of his
peoii'.e died, in proportion, than any .'.here elf,;.

'i'iie mofl delightful pan of the vvhcde Antife land,
lies between Acoda and lioutri, being watered oy a
frefti river which comes de,wn from the country, and
runs into the fea by the Dutch fort at the latter I'lace.
The banks of it are adorned "ith fine tall tret>, which
quite ovcrfiiade it. The mangroves which ^low 011
the fides of it, under lliefe trees, are full of o)fter.'t
growing on the boughs. This river is navigable four
leagues up, but not higher.

The chief villages of Anta ilong the fea coaft, are
Boutri, Poyera, or Petri-CJrande, i'ando, Taeorary,
the laigeft of all, Sacundi, Anta, and Sama ; ail
places of trade.

Buutri, or as it is commonly called Boutrow, and
Broetroe, is featcd on a little river at the foot of a
high hill, on which the Duteh have a fni.ill, iriegular
fort; it being an oblong, divided into two parts, and
defended by two inolFeiifivc batteries, mounted wiili
eight fmall guns. This fort was erected by one
Carlos, in the Dutch fcrvice, with the ctmlentof the
king o( Anta, to whom it pays a fmall tribute in
gold. It was called Badcnfteyn, and commanded
the village of Broetroe, which is thinly peopled, and
has but little trade, except that the inland bla...i.s
from Adom refort here foinetimes with good gold.

The king of Anta rcfidcs about four le:i^ues from
the fort inland, and is often at variance with tin k of
Adom, their teriitorics extending betwi ?n t!ie i.ver»
Cheina, or Sama, and Cebra, near tv -nty leagues
diftant from each otiier along the eo.ilt, and leein
to go up the river Sama in a line, and then to turn
with a narrow ilip away to Cohra. The liutch reckoa
the air of Boutri the wttalcloineil on the Gold C-Ai.

Poyera,

'7»;']

COASTS ANU ISLANDS OF AFRICA.

49^

Poyera, or Petri Cirandc, and Pandos, or Pampe-
nn)', two villages bctw>'cii Uun'troc, and Tacorari,
are inconfiderablc for trade, licinc; chiefly inhabited by
lifhcrnicn and hufbandmcii. 1 he adjacent country
yields plenty of niaif^'. Thcfe places arc known at
lea by a vaft rocic near the (hore.

'I'ocorari, (or Toccarado, as the Englifli call it)
the principal town on the coall, (lands on the top of
a hill, whiclijutsto the fouh-cad into the lea, fur-
rounded with Icvcral rocks, (to ivhirh the blacks pay
their devotion) fome above, and rilii 5 under water,
wiiich run out two milts to fen, as aj pears ly ib-
breakcrs. When thcfc rocks are paft'cd, thi ;owii is
cjfily fccn.

'I he Dutch had formerly a fmall fort here, bi:iii ■..
a hill at fome diflanc-; from the town, called VVitfcn,
which tile En;.;ih under Conimodorc Holmes took by
ftorm, in 1604. The next year tlie Dutch retook it
under d: Rutycr, who blew it up «' a pat.: of no con-
feqtience, and putting the inhabitanis to 1 lu^rd,
burnt the town. Tne ruins of the fort are ilill to l.
feen, the Knpliih, Duich, Danes, S vedes, and
Brandenbur^hcrs having poiV.fleJ it fucccflively.

The natives here art tan. ou. for making the fmeft
and largcft canoes on the Guuieu cua!' i fome being 30
feet Ions, and feven or eiyht broad, ^ 1 a fini^le tree,
that will carry above ten tons of t;oovls, with eiulittTn
or twenty blacks to paiitile then., bnips .c. id f-^r
Whidah, or Ardra, commonly pttviV." theuil' ives
witii fuch canoes. The price ot one of the lar^eft is
about the value of forty or fifty pounds ftcrling in
goods. They are a treacherous people, and have little
trade, though (hips can ride fafc in tliL- bay, into
which the river of St. George empties itfelf, a league
to the caRof the town.

This cuaft affords vail quantities of larrte ovft'is,
the (hells fciving to make lime. T'lefe thu L..^li(h
ufed to fetch from hence for their forts, alon^the
coail : but, in 1707, the Dutch general, p. 1 rely to
' !nder them, built a fort of feven or eight guns there,
and fettled a fa£lor, with a proper garrifon.

The town was fo defrayed and burnt in the war
bel.veen Anta and Adorn, that only a few inconfider-
ahle people dwelt there.

The village Saccundi is feated on the other corner
of the bay, being as rich in gold, and as healthy a
place as any on the coaft. It lies fixteen miles lower
than Broctroe. Before the war between Adorn and
Anta, it was one of theiincft and richeft villages, as
well in money as people, upon the whole coaft ; but
the Adomefc conquerors entirely burnt and dellroyed
it. Since then they began to rebuild it.

I'he land for eight or ten miles round about thcfe
forts, is not lefs agreeable. At this place, and be-
hind Tocorari, four miles weft of Saccundi, the
valleys are fo fine, that nothing can be more delight-
ful.

The French had formerly a fettlement here ; at
prcfcnt the Englilh and Dutch have each a ftrong
houfe or foit. The Dutch fort, called Orange,
was ereiSed before 1682, and the Englilh had one
fome years after; both were 1^' the fame fize, and a
mufquct (hot afunilcr.

In September, iC<)4, the Dutch fort was furprifed
and plundered by the blacks, who alfo maffacreed the
ciew of a fmall Dutch (hip that lay there. Th« firlt
of June, 1698, the Englilh fort underwent the fama
fate from the Antean blacks. It was built by Cap-,
tain Henry Nurfe, agent for the company, as
coiifpicuoufly appeared from an infcription in the
wall.

About fix years, the trade being at a low ebb, the
ofiirers of the Englilh and Dutch forts at Saccundi,
grew fo jealous of each other, rfiat they both lived in
. mifcrablc poverty, at the the cxpence of both the
Englifh and Dutch companies. Not long after, the
Englilh fait was burnt and deftrsyed by the Antean
nei^rot j tlie chief commander and fome of the
En^lifli bcine killed, and the r:ft plundered of all
tlieir own ana the company's goods.

In 17(^0, only thcout-walls wcrelcf; (landing. The
Dutch king thus left inalkrs of the- phicf, lhouj;li
but little to their advantage. The year before iliey
tr.n!cd here for a large iiwintity of gulJ, which the
Englilh undcrftandiiig, made feveral attempts to ro-
buil ' ihcir fort, but v. crc .ilways liirdcrcd by the An-
tean blacks. However, tluy at lcn;ith fiiccceded. —
The new fort is quadi.n^ular, fituati- ! on a hill
about fifty paces from tlie lea lide, bttwcoii two Dutch
forts, the one at Totarari to the welt, the other at
Sliar.'.a to the eaft. It is built wiiii brick and lime.
The garrifon CLii.nioiily c-.:fills of fifteen whiter,
and twenty bl^-'ua. Smith, \v!io was there in 1726,
r.ys it is nil- ; larger and Itroiigcr than that at Dijf-
covc, tho'j^h it has but thf l'ai:ic lu.u.li.r of gun',
viz. twcril , The laadin:^-pla':e auti gardens :irc is
;^ood, if no: octtr. The 1 ountry is indeed much the
fame, all a! imhcfj./' Ctiall.

Anta and IJoari, .wc two fmall villages bctwecil
Saccundi and Sama, not of any nutc for trade, un-
!tfs by accident. The country behind the; 1 ;j .^ili/
ana V .'odv. Anti Is only famous for the pre. t t;-..n-
tily of p,.!in-v ii'.,- it produces, f:-i wl.i--'.i ti.c bla.ks
rcfort here from fifteen to twenty league; loiind, and
exjirt i' all along the Gold coaft. The fell is icr-
..le .n .leri' , ,ools and fruits, and well ftciekeei v.;;fi
gcrt; anil ^o\i'j.r\-. The (loncs here are of a Jjik aiiJ
■ i'..ay colour. I'ho natives hcic arc .-■IHicled with ca-
nine appetites, thought to proceed from their drink-
ing a fort of palm- wine, called Crifca.

Sama lies on a hill, watered by the fmall river of
St. George, which runs into the fea near its fc^'t.
It contains about 200 houfes or c-.ibbins, fo llntcd, as

I to form three fmall villages together, one of which is
juft under the Dutch fort of St. Sebaflian, fo named
Sy the Portuguefc, from wh.iin the Dutch took it.
the place is populous,' but the inli.ibicant'. tlio pooreft
on the-coafi-. They arfalmolt.iil lifhcnncn, ail.i expert
in their way. They form a kind ut Kpibli';, go-
verned by chiefs called Captains, under the protec-
tion of the king of Gavi, whorefidcsto the nortii-
eaft, fome leagues from the fea, is very rich, and much
cftecmed by his neighbours.

The Dutch fort at Sama is about the fizc of that
at Boutri, very finall, but a little longer ; it has four
fmall batteries, and juft as many guns ai at Br.itri.
In the wars with England, it was in a manner
levelled with the ground, being encon'p.'.lu J only
with palifadocs. The Englilh, in coiijumftioii
with the Jab blacks, attacked it, but were repulled }
ever fincq which, the Dutch have enjoyed it with-
out interruption.

The river Shama, or Rio de St, Juan, is called by
thenegros, Bofl'um Pra ; they adoiing it as a god,
which the word BofTum fignifics. It waflies the
Dutch fort, palltng by the Countries of Jab, Adorn,
and JaAer. From thence the ncgros fay it extended
itfelf about 400 miles within lantT; it is a fmall mat-
ter lefs than the Ancober, but wide enough, and lie's
fo that boats loaded may conveniently come into it
from the fea, if the pilot be careful to avoid a rock
near its mouth, which the failors call the fugar-loaf,
otherwife they are in danger of being fplit. This
river is very advantageous to the Dutch i for I.cfidcs
fupplying their (hips with fre(h water, it rurnilhes!
the caftle of El Mina with fuel fur their kiti:hens
and ovens; and wood neceflary for fmall (hipping; fo
that the fort here is only valuable for its defence of tha
river.

The Dutch, on the unanimous report of the na-
tives, that this river came down through countries
rich in gold, undertook a difcovery by water, and for
that end fent out a floop with fix men well armed.
Thirteen days after their departure, they returned,
havine rowed twelve days againft a violent ftream,
and finding the river choaked with abundance of
rocks and (huals under water, and exceeding large ca-
taracts.

Near the mouth lies the fugar-loaf, a dangerous
rock, on which (hips have been 'loft for want of care,

efpctiali/

100

VOYAGES TO THE

f'/'7

tfpecially in roii£;h weather. Tlinc arc nllo other
dangerous rocks about half a league lo (ca, on the
coau between this and Boari to the v.vli. The backs
of the little territory of Tabcw to the caft, fomcwhat
inland, bringing down to Sama Cam-roots, fruit,
and poultry.

'I he country of the Jabs or Yabbah, as the Eng-
lifli call it, commences, a little to the caft of fort
St. Sibaltian, ami runs a few leagues up to the inland
inci along the coaft, to that of Coniniani or Com-
mando. It is at prefcnt but a fmall diftriifl, and not
very potent, though the firfl kingdom which occurs
in defcending from the higher country.

The village Abrobi is the only remarkable place
on the coaft in this country, being fcatid in a bay
which terminates at the Cape Aldea dcs Tcrres j Al-
dcJ, in Portuguefe fignifying, a village. This vil-
lage is divided into two parts, with large plains
beiiind it, between the town and the hilly coun-
try, which makes the coall appear like double land
off at fea. The country abounds in corn and poul-
try, but there is not much gold except what is adul-
terated.

The kingdom of Great Commcndo, Commani,
AgualFo, or Guatib, borders weft on the lands of Jabs
and 'I'obou, north-weft on Adom, north on Abramboe,
eafton Uddena, orMina, a little commonwealth be-
tween Commcndo and Fetu, and fouth on the occin.
It extends about five leagues along the coaft, and is as
broad as it is long. In the middle, on the fliore,
lies Little Commendo, or Ecki Tccki, as the blacks
call it, or as fome Europeans ftile it, having Cape
Aldea des Tcrres on the weft, and Ampciii on the call,
with fome I'niall hamlets between them.

This kinedom fojmcily made but one country with
Sabii and 1'ctu, and waa called Adofienls, The
chief town or rcfidcnct of the king, is CJiiaffo, a
large popuhnis village or town of about 400 houfcs,
featcd on a hill four leagues up the inland country
from Little Commendo. Tiic Dutch called Gunftb,
Commendo Grande, to diltinguifti it from the Little
Commendo.

The countries about Dixcove, Saccundl and
Commendo, do not produce fuch fine crops of rice,
yet they abound with pleafant, fertile valleys, and
beautiful woody hills.

Behind Little Commendo, tlie country riles gra-
dually into fmall hills, covered with trees, at the fooi
of which are fmall plains curiouflv planted with fruit
trees, and thfland exremcly well fnhabitcd by a mar-
tial people i fo that the king can raife, on occafion,
an army of 20,coo men. His guards ufuully confift
of soo.

Little Coir.mrndo, fo ciUcd by the Enpliftl, French
and Dutch, todiftinguilh it from Guafto, named by
the fame nations Grc.it Commcndo, is called by the
Portuguefe, Aleadcs Tcrres, and by the natives Ecki
Tccki.

Tlus town contained about 400 houfcs, built on
the Ibore, and watered by a rivulet, which falling
into the fca on the fouth, forms a pretty channel
or harbour for canoes. The caft fide is low, the
weftern fAcilings into a bill, which being fiat at top,
it very convenient for a fort. The land rifes bv de-
crees attlic north end of the town (where the houfe
formerly belonging to the French ftands) into fmall
bills, at whole feet are fine fields and meadows,
planted v. ith variety of fruit.

Little Cumniendo was divided into three parts,
Cont.iining together about 150 houfcs ; but moft of it
being accidentally burnt, many of the inhabitants
moved to Ampeni, about the year 1675. Some parts
of the town are (cated on a rivulet, which runs into
the fca, forming a (inall h.irbour at the mouth for ca-
noes, on the weft fide of u'.i "l is a head, or fmall
flat bill; the cafHidc is low land, but the landing
difficult, by reafon of the bar. The heft time for
going alhore is in the mornin .

The blacks here arc of a tnrbulen'c temper, deceit-
ful and crafty, and great thieves if not well wafckcd.

They arc cliiefly fifhermfn orbtokcr?, it htinga pluB
of confulcrable trade (or gold and (laves, I'V reaion of
the Acancz blacks refortiiig here for E'lropean goods.
Every morning there come out of thefe am! other
places on this coaft, 70 or 80 canoes from each vil-
lage, fome a fiftiing, others to trade with tha (h'tyi on
the road j and return en ftioie about noon, when the
frcfh galti from the fouth-weft begin to blow, thiit
they may land without trouble, and have time to dil-
pak of their fifh, at Great and Little Commendo,
where ihe inland blacks buy it for the country mar-
kets, thofe of Grand and Little Commendo are {o
well furnifhcd with corn, fruits, (cfnccially bananas)
and roots at cheap rates, that tlie Dutch call it the
Fruit- market.

The Englifli fort at Conjmendo was large and qua-
drangular, with three fqunre baftions, anil one round ;
and within the fort is a large tower, built of ftone and
lime. It is featedon a level ground, fifty paces from
the fea, between two Dutch forts, bhama to the
weft, and Verdenburgh about half a mile to the
caft.

Our .luthor fays, •* Commcndo is the largeft and
ftronjjeft fort belonging to ihe Englifh on the Gold
Coaff, except Cape Coaft-Caftlc. It was mounted
in 1726, with twenty-one guns, though there were
ports for al moft as many more. It has the neighbour-
hood of a very good Dutch fort within mufqiict
(hot, but the chiefs have not always the beft undcr-
ftanding together.

An hn';lifh chief of Mr. Smith's acquaintance,
having a little before had (bme difpute with the Dutch
chict, was attacked by him unawares under a great tree
between the forts, and bravely defended his life by kill-
incthe Dutchman.

The Dutch fort was built by Mr. Swerts, in 1688,
called Verdenburgh. It is a fquare building, ftrength-
ened with good batteries, on which may be conveni-
ently mounted 32 guns, with!.-: fo many ports in the
breaft-work ; fixty men may live in it, though at pre-
fcnt there are not near fo many, and but twenty guns'.
In 1695, the negros attacked it by night, when half
of their twenty men were difabled by ficknefs, yet
they were obliged to retire with lofs, after a fight of
five hours, and loft but two men in the aflion, tho'
the ncgroi poured their fmall fhot as thick as hail
through the loop holes, which had no doors to them.
At lair one of them bcgaii to hack the doors with an
axe i but being killed, the reft precipitately fhcared
off.

The general, to whom the Dutchman had notified
his weak condition, ordered two fhips to anchor be-
fore the fort, to fupply him with men and ammunition.
The captain of one of them, the day before the at-
tack, for this purpofe fent his boat full of men, but
they were no fooner landed, than the negros fell on
and killed feveral of them, even under the cannon of
the fort. The guns were all found nailed up, in all
appearance by the villainy of (he gunner, who was
fent in chains to Mina. The general (wore he would
punifh himexamplarly i but inftead of that foon fet
him at liberty, and preferred him to a better pl.tcc.
If the negros hid rhcr. ftorme«l the fort, they were in
no pofture of defence; but going to cat, they gave
him time to prepare for its fecurity.

The merchandifcs here arc glafs beads of diveri*
colours.' Thofe they divide into leflcr parts, polifh-
ing and boring them to fell again i alfo fmall braCs
bafbns, bluecloth, and linen of a good breadth, lor
which the country people have a great demand : yet
here theli: goods are only fold in fmall parcels, fo that
on account of the dallies or prcfcnts to brokers and
boatmen, this is the worft place on the coaft, el'pe-
cially when many Dutch ftiips lie here together. Thi>
gold here is often adulterated, cfpccially that called
Cracra gold.

When the Commanians are at war with their neigh-
bours, there is Ibnietimes a brifk trade for flaves at
Linle Commcndo, the negros felling them quickly
off, to prevent the trouble and charge of lubfift-
7 '"U

11^ J pl,nB

y rcaion of
can goods.

anc! other
1 each vil-
h3 {h'\\i> on

when iho
ilow, thiit
mc to dil-
'oinmenilo,
Jiitry mar-
ciulo are {o
y bananas)
C4ll it the

;e and qua-
)nc round ;
if flone and
paces fron
ma to the
lile to the

largcft and
n the Gold
s mounted
there were
ncighbour-
n muCqiict
l)cft undcr-

quaintance,
h the Dutch
r a great tree
life by kill-

ts, in 1688,
ig, ftrength-
bc conveni-
ports in the
3ugh at pre-
wenty guns,
when half
ickneft, yet
a fight of
iftion, tho'
[lick as hail
Kjrs to them,
ors with an
atcly flieared

had notified
Q anchor bc-
immunition.
fore the at-
Df men, but
legros fell on
ie cannon of
cd up, in all
er, who was
ore he would
that foon fet

better plnce.

they were in
It, they gave

ids of diver"*
parts, pollfti-
fo fmall brafs
breadth, tor
demand : yet
Lrctls, fo that
brokers and
• coart, Kl'pc-
ogethcr. Thi"
lly that called

th their ncigh-
c for flaves at
them quickly
■ge of fubfid ■
ill];

lyae.]

COASTS AND IS L AMDS OF AFRICA.

Jf/

fillin:^ thtrci as li.ipptncd to an Engliih ttup hero
not nuiiy years ajjo.

Thouj^li the ;^i>U trjile is not fo cf'nriil<-rablc at tiiis
pl.ici.', as others (in the CDall j y -t tli.' Normans liid
a l.ii:ti)ry there, tlie ruins ot' whith the in.j;ros Ihow on
a hill to the ndrth. A modern voya.;or rtporis, that
llu' kinuol' CummfiMo, who iclitico at Guatti), bcin^
iiitorniul a !• ivnth (hip was in the road, lent the cip-
tain a prcl-.nt of retrdhincnts, and :'cquaintcJ him
that !iew .iil.l niake no tnatv with aijv LuKijJc.in n.i-
tioii, wiiilc he had the Icall luijic the v icnch woulJ
filtlu With him.

l"ne n.iiivts cxprefl'.d a great affcilion for the
I'reneh, tii li.iibot. In 1682, iIk king fent him his
fti- :u! Ion as an in .l.igt.. It he would come up loCireat
C' innienJo to treat abnut fettling in his country.
A!: loui'.li at thi . time he h.id rcruieil both the Engliih
and Duitli tiie liberty of bulldini; forts here, fiar-
beit at his return, piopoCed the matter to the French
uiiiiiftry, and advifcd Ainpi-ni as the iiiteil place to
build a tort to bridle K! iVlina, lint it does not ap-
pt.r Ins repiLCeiituion'- met with .\nj liiccefs.

In tile year 1(1 j8, M. Du Cafle c.ime on this coaft
witli k.iir men of u ar, equipped at Rocht'ort, with a
dilijn of making lome leulenunts heie for the Dutch
Aiiitan company, el'pecially at Commendo, from the
fceiet imitations of tiie natives, who no)icJ to rc-
vtii^;e thcmlelvcs on the Dutch. Du Cafle fettled
a laclory at Coaimcndo, and proceeded to Alampi and
W'hiJah, with the Lime views. Jiut a t'ew monthsaf-
ter he U It Commendo by the inllii^ation of the Dutch,
a war happening with the Aguafl'os, they were routed,
the king killed, and the factory pilla^icil : the French,
bcini; w orlled, were oblii^cd to fly for refuge to the
Engiifliat Cape Corfo, fince v h'ch they have made
no attempt to fettle on this coaft.

A little farther to the call, lies a-place called Terra
Piqiiena or Luri, where the Dutch in 1600 had no
tr.ule, on aceoiint of its being too near the cnlUe of
Mina. When the Portugueic want any goods, 'hey
lend Come people of this town v\itli ^'t\d to Com-
mendo, which is but four miles ditlant acrofs the ri-
ver, to buy them from the Dutch.

The villaije of Lari is inconfiderable as well as
Ampi-ni. Tliis laft is the rcfidence of one Cuc.imi,
a Commendo black, who was lent by the king of CJ real
Commeiiilo as his envoy to the king of !• ranee, in
1671, to invite him to fend over and build a fort in
his country, the Commaninns having been loni? dif-
gulKd with the arbitrary behaviour of the Dutch at
£1 Mina, who had often made depredations bv feaon
thcin, and burn: the villages on the coail, not liaring
to enter farther up the country.

The war of Commendo made a great change in the
Dutch affairs. This place was in a flourifliing con-
dition, when, by the ill conduft of the Dutch, the
Conmianians grew difcontented, and ready to break
out into an open war. It w.is prevented for a time
by the governor of El Mina's fervant, brother to the
king of Commani, who having been afterwards dif-
niliied, and ill-treated befides, the Commanians foon
found a pretence to come to a rupture ; for in 1694.,
fome miners fent from Europe, were cdered to make
an jfl'ay at a hill in Commani, about two miles above
fort Vicdeiibuifih. This gave oflence to the rtegros,
who pretended it was dedicated to one of their gods;
and in a few days, when the miners fiifpedled no-
thing, they afl'iulted and robbed them of all they had ;
thole who were not nimble enough to get away, hav-
ing been kept prifoners fome time.

The Dutch complained of this ill ufage to the king
of Ci-mmaiii, who protcfting innocence, laid the
blame upon one John Cabes, a negro, who lived near
theii- fort, and with whom they had a conli'lerablc
trade, alkdging, that he had done it in revenge of
the ill tre.itmenthe had met with from a former go-
vernor. This was plainly a falAty, for Cabes was an
arrant coward. However, the Dutch governor of
Kl Mina, without farther enquiry, marched into
Cnmmaniu with fome foKcs, in order to take fatisfac-
VoL. I. No, 43.

tinn of Joliii Cabe-i. Upon his atriv.il ^•. je! n's
vill.i^e, the hitter cam'' I. 'ii to meet him, ( ..■iil'.i.;; a
lli.ep Inr a profedt^ and totlear liimlMf ot tne c' ,'.::ei
but leein^ the Itik Mina lorccs fall upon hi« goods
w iihout anv warning, he put himlelf in a poUu'e. of
defence, and liime 011 both fid.s were loui'.e y b ;t'en.
After this, thiir aft.iirs ran into confulion. J'hn
Cibes, to revenge tlie injury, invited the Engliih
into Commani. He full ;.';ave them a dwelling in one
of fiis flit pans, about four miles from the D'jtcU
fort; and loon after fettled ther- in tin- old ruined
fort they formerly poflcfled. I'he i'.iif;li(h were af-
terwards well fortified there. This neiglib 'Urhood of
the Engliih had done great damage to their trade,
which might have been ealily prevented, if the gene-
ral had not been fo fiery and eager for war, in h' pe<
to have got as much honour as .\lr. Swcris did in
1687, who entirely fubducd the Cuinmar.i.iiis, I'ftcr
they had loft their king, and fcveral of the greatclt
men in the kin<;dom.

The general had prudently enough hired an army
of Jufter and Cabcfterra blacks, for let's than five
thouland pounds llerliiig, which wa-i twice a> llrong
a, th.i of Commani ; but imprudently threatening to
pay thofc of Fantin and Sabu a vifir, after he had
chaftifed the Commanians, they joined the latter, and
overthrew the Dutch, who lolt all their auxiliaries,
and were fo reduced, that they would never have been
able to make anv frefli attempt, if the negros had not
f.illen out among themlilves. By thelu means the
king's brother, Tccki Ancan, the piel'ent king of
Commani, came over to the Dutch with the blacks
of Adom and other auxiliaries. This brought them
into a Iccond engagement, in which the victory was
long dubious ; at laft it feemed to incline to the
Dutch fofar. that their army fell greedily to plunder.

This being oblerved by ,\.hc Tecki, thcCommanian
king, (who-cxcelled all his countrymen in valour aS
well as conducf, and laid this bait) h'.- marched to-
wards them with frelh forces; but to deceive them,
had their mufquets turned the wrong way ; arcord-
inglv, the Dutch taking them for friends, continued
plundering, till the king coming up, his men turned
their mufquets, and tirrd fobrilkly upon them, that
thev left their prey, and ikd to fave their lives, yield-
ing the Commanians a lecond complete vidlory.

Fhat general's fucceftors prevailed on the Comma-
nians not only to make good the damage the Dutch
had fuftained in the war, but alfo to enter into an al-
liance with them ; but the Englifh knowing this tended
them no good, infinuated to the king, that confnUr-
ing his two vie'forics, and their weak condition, he
ought rather to expecl fatisfaction of the Dutch j
..idding, that he was then ftrong enough to make them
purchale a peace on his own terms ; that they would
make his caufe their own, and affill him with proper
nccelFarics. The king cafily liftening to this advice,
renewed his old coutfe, and did as much mifchlef as
ever. ■

The Dutch at firft made ufe of fair means, but
finding it only made him more outrageous, thev treated
with the Fantin blacks, at that time their friends,
who in confideration of three hundred pounds ftcr-
ling, ftipulated to light the Commanians till they
were utterly extirpated.

Fhc l.)iitch now thought themfclves fecure, daily
expecting the Fantins would take the field ; but here
the Engliih again b?trtcd their dclign ; one of their
governors, going from C.ipc Corfe to Fantin, pre-
vailed with that people, for cxai^ly the fame fum gi-
ven them before by the Dutch, to Hand neuter, which
being oppofed only by the Braffo, they foon dil'patchcJ
him, fubliituting anotlier in his room.

The Commanians now began to infult them more
than ever ; to remedy which, the Dutch agreed ith
the Adom blacks for lefs than five hundred pounds to
afliftthem; but thev falling out about the divifion of
the money, as well as ihol'e of Acani and Cabellcrr.;,
(who had alfo contrae'lcd to join the others) rone of
them wcnild ftir. Thus balHed, the Dutch caft their
N laiV

so*

VOYAGES TO THE

[•^7

lift anchor, uni cohtra<ftc>l with the Dinkira blacks
for 800 (louiids to tnke their part : but ihry tailing
into a war with their near iivighboursj were obliged
to neglcdl ihcii .igrccmciit to dctetxl their own country }
however they were h hnnvll as to return the money,
excepting a little tlic nicfii-nger kept. I'hc Dutch
alfo got back the greater part of what thw had given
the AJom negros ; but that which ihofc ol Fantin had,
could never be recorered.

They muft now infallibly have begged a peace of
the Commahians, had not a critical accident helped
them to a more honourable conclufton. The before
mentioned brother of the king of Comment had,
(for fome villainy, as it was reported) together with
hi? wife and children, been (int as flavcslo Surinam
by the former governor i but having been declared
free by the company, were brought hither again.
Upon his arrival, the Dutch employed him to found
his brother ; who fimling him inclined to pence, they
concluded one upon very honourable and good terms:
but they had no tiooner began to relifti the fvtcels of
their new tranquillity, when the Enelifh, for what
rcnfon is not certainly known, difpatched the
kiijg.

This a(f<ion broutjht on a Threat change of afFairs
on thccoaft. I'hcCoinmaniansbecamclnveterateene-
miet to the Englifti, rcfolving at any rate to revenge
their king's death, Terki Ancan, on the contrary,
having had a hand in his brother's murder, fled
from the Dutch, and agreed with the Englifh, to fall
on the Comifianians the firft opportunity. The
Dutch were invited to join them, but refufea, having
found war fatal to their commerce : however, they
went on with their dciign, hiring the negros of Sabu,
Acani, and Cibertcrra ; with which auxilarie;,
Tic'<i Ar.c.in cniji!;id the Commanians} but with
tour times the number of men, was totally routed.
The Commanirtifi owed this fignal vidtory to their
general, Anio Tecki.

Not'jvithltanJini; the ftrii^ neutrality of the Dutch,
the negro gcncr.il Itnt a civil fiK-llicie to their governor,
together wit l> fevcral <l;ii!ls of iiis vanquifned foes,
in token, that he had rcblvid to live and die in fhe
fcrvice of the Hollander?-. This melHrnger was dif-
miflcd with thanks and prcfcnts to the general.

The Dutch had here a fair opportunity to obftru.5t
the Englilh and refcnt their farmer injuries, by
quitting Tecki Ancan, and joining the Commanians
againft them. But, infteaJ of this, the governor
hflenii>g to one Akim, a broker, a great villain,
though liis favourite, who continually buzzed ftories
into his ears againfi the Commanians, behaved fo as
to provoke them to oft'er the Dutch fome injuries.
This was what Akim wanted, as furniftiing him with
new arguments for beginning a war againft them ; in
which he fucceeded fo well, that the governor, with-
out conlulting or imparting it to the council, refolved
to attack the people of Fttu, fiibje<ft to the Comma-
nians, when they came, under the protcflion of the
Dutch, to market with their goods. Accordingly,
this was barharouflv put in execution, and they robbed
them of all they brought, fome being killed, and eighty
made prifoncrs.

The pretence for this proceeding was, that the
Fctu blacks had murdered f-^mc women of El Mina,
as they were pafling by them : but they gave folcmn
aduranccs of their being innocent, and repaired to
market, as ufual, unarmed. The murder was more
likely committed, bv the contrivance and order of
Akim himfelf, and Tecki Ancan, to fcrve their
purpofes. However, the gentlemen of the council
were not willing to dilbover their fentiment<, bccaufe
the blame mud have fallen on Akim, who might re-
venge himfelf on them.

By thefc pr-iiliccs, the Dutch trade at El Mina
was atonceftiflcd, and the Commanians and Fctuans
became their profcfled enemies. This (b animated the
Kn^'lHh, that, inftead of making peace with the Sabu
blacks, the ftronger of the two, they ftrengthencd
thcmi'elves to the utmoft, and once mure engaged the
7

Commanians. Thtfe, with their fmall forces, be-
haved fo well, that they had certainly have got the
day, had not their general been wounded, and forced
10 retire ) which fo confounded them, that they fled
in great diforder, leaving I'ecki Ancan and his fol-
loweis an entire viflorv ; the general and fevcral
principal men being killed or taken prifonert. By
this fuccefs, Tecki Ancan became king of Commani t
and the Dutch reaped fome (hare of the advantage by
it a« well as the Englifli.

The kingdom of Fctu, or Afuto, as it it called by
Vafconccllas, or Fetow, by the Englilh, borders, to
the weft, on the river 'Bcnja and the countryof Com-
mendo. north on Atti, eaft on Sabu, ending below
the Danifti Mount of Manfrow, and fouth on the
ocean. The kingdom is elective, and the chi«£
town Fetu, is far up the country.

Feiu is 160 miles long, and about as many breads
beginning with the hill St. Jago, or the Salt River,
and ending below the Danifli Mount, paffing bf
Cape Cor(e.

This country, fayj ouf author, wa» formerly fo
ponerful and populous, that it ftruck terror into all
its itcighbours, ef|)ecialiy that of Commani, fubjed
to it. But it is at pre<ent fo drained by coniinual
wars, that it it entirely ruined ; and neither the king
nor his nobles, dare ftir without leave from him of
Commani. This havock was owing to their diyifion
in the laft wars ; part fiding with the Commanians,
and part with the Dutch. Whence they fuffered a
double lof$, and were very much diminflicd in the laft
battle : fo that not enough remained to till the coun-x
try, which for fertility and picafantnefs, might be
compared to Anta. Before the laft wars, it abounded
with fine, wdl built, and populous towns, enriched
with large fields of corn and cattle, palm wine, and
oil, I'he beautiful, tall ees on the hills, and in
the valleys, and the frefh .vert in the country, do
not a little adorn, and render it a fit fituation for the
chief fettlcmenis of the Dutch and Englifli. The
inhabitant! moftly apply thenifeUef, without dif-
tinifiion, to agriculture, fome to fifliing and boiling
of fait ; and others to trade on their own account,
or as brokers for the inland blacks.

The cou.iTics about El Mina, and Cape Corfo,
are much the fame for beauty and goodnefs, but
more populous, and the nearer towards the flavc
coaft, the more delightful and rich the foil
appears.

Twelve miles below Vredenburg, is the village
or town of £1 Mina, or MiiK : but as no gold mines
arc found within feveral miles about it, thePortuguefe
probably gave it that name, bccaufe they met hera
with a great affluence of tf old from all parts.

The natives call it OcMena 1 it ii very long, and
indifferent broad. The houfes are built with rock
ftone, in which itdiffert from all other places, where
they are ufually made of cUy, or of wood. About
1684, it was very populout, and much ftronger thai>
at prefcnt ; the inhabitants being then very terrible to
all the negros on the coaft : but abont fifteen yeart
paft, the fmall pox fwept away fo many, and fincc
thrti, the Commanian wars, together with the
tyrannical government of fome of theif generalt*
whereby they have been fo miferably depopwlated, and
impoveriflied, that it is hardly credible how wrak it
is at prefent, (1701) it not being able to furnifli out
fifty armed men, without the help of the European
fervants ; and there is no place upon the whole Gold
Coaft without fome of the negros of El Mina: for
feveral, who were friends to the Commanians, fled
to them, but moil of them from the tyranny of their
governors, and the above mentioned Akim.

The Mina blacks are handfome, lufty, firong men,
of a martial fpirit, and the moft civilized on the Gold
Coaft, from their long correfpondence with the Eu-
ropeans. They drive a good trade along the Gold
Coaft, and to Whidah, by fea. They are alfo dex-
terous at debating of gold, a trade they learned from
the Portuguefe. Some of them are very ingenious in

(hti

COASTS ANb ISLANDS OP AFRICA;

men.
Gold
: Eu>
GulJ
}dcx-
from
out in
(hci

the golJIimih'J »r*, making; oniamtnH and toys 6f
eoKl, a^ buKoiiji, plain, or in fille;;rcen ; curious hat-
b.inils inid fword hilts, with niaity uthcr curiodties.
They are :<.Ua great artills in melting glafs ot all forti;
info f-j^ures.

The river Benja run* inward towards the country
for nhout two mill's, the water of which is I'.ilter than
the f.iltoft brine, or pickle, in very dry fcafons : but
in the months of May and June, in tlie r^iny feafonj
it is as frcfh as frefh watir. At thofe times the
frcfhes fall from the circumjacent hills, as fwiftly as
■ tide runs in from the feai fo that tliis place is very
convenient for water-mills, fince the itrcam would
eaniy turn one.

'I he caftle of El Mina, already mentioncdj is
ftfong, and well Tituatcd for proticting tra-.le, lying
near the centre of the Gold Coall, and the countiy
near it abounding with cattle and fruits. The natu-
ral pofition of it is ftrong, being huilt on a rock,
wafhed on one fide by the lea, towards which it has
bulwarks. It hasalfo twomore tothe land fldct but
not lb ttrong, there being lefi dang<T of an attack
from that quarter. Both the caftle itfelf and out-
work: arc of (tone, neatly builf. Towards the fca
the wall is lower, it bcin^dcfiiided by the ftecp rocks
on which it is founded. Thofe to the land fide are
high, a fpace being left to walk round the caftle,
which is near as big as that of Rammekins in Zee-
land. The walls are encompaflVd with a deep ditch,
dry towards the land, but the part next the fea full of
water. The eaft part being deepenough to admit barks.

The c.lftle has two gates, one on the eaft flde, the
other on the weft, of which, the latter is the largcft
and mod beautiful. It has a draw-bridce, over which
is a (lone building, or tower, wncrein is the
governor's apartment. The caft gate, which is next
the cuftom-huufc, ferves chiefly for importing or ex-
porting of goods. In the centre of the caftle is a large
arc.?, or Iquare, adorned with a new ch'.nh. Their
church ftood formerly on an eminence v ithout the
walls; but, in I$a6, one Charles Hutfor thrcatning
to beflcgc the caftle, they demoliflied it, and built
one in the fquare, more out of harm's way,

The Portugaele bear this climate much better than
the Dutch, which is owing to their temperance,
and taking care of themfelves i but the women fcldom
live longlierc, being fubjefl to difeafest which foon
camr them o(F.

The Dutch officers and fervants in this fettlcment
are, firft, the foldicrs with their commanders, out of
which, formerly, the beft qualified for merchandifr
and the pen, were chofen to fcrve the company as
afliftants : but through the mifcondu£l of one, who
had advanced himfelf to nimoft the higheftpoft here,
the companv have ordered, that for the future, no
foldiers fliall be preferred to aftiftants places. Though
his office is the lotveft among thofe concerned in trade
or writing, the falary appointed for this fervicc is
fixtcen guilders per month, and twenty more for
board wages. His firfl ftep to preferment, is that of
under commilTary, or under fa£lor, with a falary of
twenty guilders per month. By thefe fub-fadlors
moft of the gold is received, for which they are ac-
countable to the chief fa^or, or him to whom the
trade ot' the place is entrufted in chief, who is alio
accountable to the company ; the general accounts of
the whole coaft being kept at El Mina, where there
k alfo a warehoufe keeper, who has all wet goods, as
wine, beer, or brandy, &c. and all edibles, as flefli,
beans, peas, and oats, under his keeping, and is
intrufted with the fale of them : fo that when a h&OT
obferves his fub-fai3or, or warehoufe-keepcr, in
clincd to cxtrav.igancies, he muft watch him very
narrowly, fince the fa^or is obliged to make good all
that is wafted by his deputies.

Out of the under commiflaries, are chofen faAors,
to rcftde at, and ommand the forts^ and take care of
the trade there, with a falary of thirty-fix guilders,
bcfidcs an allowance of ten guilders for a fervaat
or twOf. and twenty guilders board wages per month

Scfj

The oldeft and moft experienced of thefe faAors is
^(Thioved to Mowri, or Cormantin, with a ("alary of
eighty guilders per month, if his clttlion here be
coniirmcd hy the company ; who, not without good
reafonj have rcferyed the (applying thefe important
pofts to themfelves, as well as that of the chief faftor
at El Mina. or the fecund pcrlon on the coaft, who
has a falary of too guilders per month. ThcCe chief
factors have alfu the fame advance on mcrchandidc,
and board wages as the other factors have : bcfidcs
which j the fccond pcrfon has ten guilders per montll
allowed for .T fervantj and th« general'^, or goveinor-
genr'r:i''s table is at his I'ervice.

'I'he chief f:iiilor of El iVlina having ferved that
office failjfaiSory three years, has a gtJod chance for
the governor-gcnerars place, when it btcomts vacant.
'1 his is the higheft port, having the coir.pany's »u-
thi':i(y over the whole coaft, of which the pcrfon iit
it is diiedlor-generalj with a falary of 300 guilder*
per month, and a hirgc perquifite advantage in all
the company trades for, on the whole coall : fo that
in time of good t.adc, his poft is very advantageous.
Bcfides iht officers emplovvd in trade, arc tht
following ; firft, the chief fil'cal, wliofe falary LI
fifty guilders per month, and ten guilders (bra (erv ant,
bcfides the liberty of the general's tsblc. Though
his falary feems (mall, his peiquifites are large, if he
be diligent ; for all the gold, or commodities, unlaw-
fully traded for on the coaft is forftitcil, of which his
(hare is one third, be the goods an European's or a
negro's i befidcs one third of the fines fet upon the
latter, and the forfi:iture of wages infliAed on any
offending officers or fervants, by the governor and
council i all which together amount to a confiderable
fum.

Next the fifcal, the book-keeper-general take*
place i whofe province is to keep the great books)
and the counter parts of the accounts of all the forts
and lodges, or, in fhort, to take care of all the com-
pany's accounts in this country. His falary is feventjr
guilders, befides ten more per month for his fervants {
and^r a free table, he is allowed twenty-five guilders
advance. He is generally aflifted by an under book-
keeper, whofe falary is thirty guilders per months
and two afliftants. Next him) is the book-keeper of
the gnrrifon, whofe falary, equal to a fub-faaor's^
is twenty-four guilders, though faflors have thirty-
fix : foto make amends, he has the power of felling
by au£lion, the effedls of all perfons who I'ie on the
coaft, for which he is allowed five per cr it. He is
alfo commonly helped by an affiftant. .Sometimes
here is likcwife a fecrctary, whofe '' ..ry is fifteen
guilders per month, and under him tie has three or
four affiftants.

The laft office is that of under fifca], commonly
called by the reft, auditor. His falary is twenty
guilders per month, and to his (bare falls alfo one tenth
of all forlvitures.

In fpirituality, they have only a minifter, with a
falary of 100 guilders, and a clarL with one of twenty,
per month, bcfides which, the firft has teu guilder*
per month allowed for a fcrvant, and a place at th«
governor's table.

As there arc not upon the wholecoaft, fixty perfont
in all, one third of which are affiftants, thefe if they
behave well, cannot mil's of being prclcrrcd to a good
poft.

The government is principally vefted in the di-
reilor-gcneral, as the fupreme ruler j from whom
all governors of the out-forts receive their orders,
without which they cannot tranfaA any important
affairs. But difficult affairs, or thofe of effential
importance, are cognizable by, and ought to be laid
before the aflembly of councellors, or council
compofed of, viz. ths dircilor-general, the fifcal,
fin all other things bcfidcs criminal cafes) Ithe chief
tailors, the enfign, or ftandard bearer, the ac-
comptant-general, whojointly make up thecoiuicil :
to which are added, the factors of the out-forts, or
councellors, occafional or extraordinary.
\ In

5 --4

V O Y A C E S I T O t M ft V» ">

r'7»7

111 tlui council every man ha» the privilege of vo-
tiii ; ami >Kb.itiii ; iKxIy ; but .IS ilic ilircCtur-gtiKrul
h.is .111 .uliitjary jDwer in all alVaiis on the coall, aiul
can vliKli ir_;i: ..Ilk DiKcor, anil I'liid liiiii iitJ" the toad,
without .illijiiiii^, till! load rcalbii Cor it, thcrtforc all
the icit with cinuiiirpcdion watch his eye, and bc-
li.ivi' aixiir.iiii.'lv.

'I'lii. little kiifjilom of FlIii has fi'vcial villages or
tinvii» on thj k'aiu.ill, thi' chief whfrei.-f in (Jcgwa,
at Ca,)r Coifj, wliich liei>iii the latituJe of four dc-
i;n.vs lolly iiiiio iiiiiiutis, north, and is famous for
the li autijiil calllc tli.- Knglilli have tlari-'.

Thi-i to.vii lies on a riini; ground, defended by a
larje lock, i.n which the waves break Co violently,
it may be li aid a gr.at way oft". It contains above
live bundled lioufes, and is divided by narrow, crooked
l.iii^^, aluiijj [he defcent, ajipeaiing like an amphi-
tlu itie from the coalt. It i.s governed by a Bralio,
and one t irilliii a cabofliir, and lies wholly under the
conmiandof the caftlc guns.

I'lii-ir houfes arc built of niuil, kept clean, and
many uf thcin furnifhcd with chairs or ftools, good
inais t.) lio uj) 111, earthen pot and pan?, and feveral
th-iii'^es of tomis.

I'he town is noted for the plentiful niaikct held
every day, of all forts of provifions, brought from
the c.i.i.ury, as alfo of confidorable quantities of
},oid, iiuniFetu, Abrambo, Afiento, and even M.iii-
din"o.

T'lie town of Oegwa was formerly well peopled,
but this, as well as all the others, has futtlrcd very
uuK'h in theCoinmanian war; befides that, the mul-
tiplicity of Englilh interlopers hath continually (Iripl
it of its inhabitants i for, when they call here, they
always carry fomc of them to Whidah. They give
ii.iincs to their children molHy by the days of the week
they arc born on ; Quaflii Yeday, Kuujo, or Sunday-
Monday, Tucfday ; and at Manliood, change it to
foinethiii.; expreilive of llieir difpoOtion; Aquerro
Okliii, Yokali, 'I'itwi, tliat is like a parrot, lion,
orsvoir, J?;:. The fame th.'y do by white men, im-
pcfini^a name of their own chufing.

TUty are of a warlike difpofition, though in time
of peace, tlicir chi f employment is tilhing. At
this th.-y are very dexterous, efpecially with a call
ne-t, nor aie t'.icv lefs acquainted with the hook and
line for i;:,rouiKl tirti. I'hey go a fifliiiifj every day
during tlie Jryfcfoii, except Tuefday, which is theii
fetidi d.iy, or day of rell. They frequently venture
abioad in the lains, tliough tliey arc fometimes dri-
ven in .igaiii at the- approach of a tornado, before they
have been two hours .ibroad.

Cab.iC'oii'o, as the Portuguefe call it, and Cape
Cor'', or Colli, as the Englidi have corrupted it, is
formed by tie Ihore jutting out a little, and making
an angle, whole fouth and eaft fid.s are waflied by the
fea. About nine miles to the caft of LI Miiia, on
tliisc.ip', is li:iiated the KngliPa fort called Cape
Coail Culllc, b:ina an irregular fquare, two of whofe
fides lie along t!ie Jhore.

This is the principal fort and factory of the Eng-
lidi company to which their fliips continually refoit i
and here they rereive orders uither by themfelves or
with fupurcar^;0!, where ellc to proceed.

The walls of Cape Coaft Cjlileare high and thick,
efpeeially on the land fide, part thereof being of ruck
(lone, and part of large bricks, which the Englilh
make at fome diftancc from the pljce. The height of
the walls is theflrength of this fort, fiiflieient againll
any negro power ; as they lately exp rienccd in an at-
tack the Fantins made upon the cillle's dependants,
who found their feeurity under the walL.

The parade within, which is twenty feet perpcndi-
culjr above the furfacc of the ■ rock, forms a kind of
qiudrangie, being open on the caft fide to the fea,
wh ch ni«kes it airy, coo! and pleafant, affording a
ftnc ptofpeii.1 of Qiieeii Ann's I'oint, and the fhips
in Anamaboe road. On this platform are thirteen
pieces of heavy cannon. The other three fides of the
i'quarc are cuiioully bulk up, contuininir many beau-

tiful, fpaeious, neat apartments and offices} parti-
cularly on the fouth-fide, a large, well built chapel,
the back part of which joins to the calllc wall, hav-
iiig the great body of the rock, culltd 'J"abora, on the
fi>le of it, whirh not only feives to break off the vi-
olence ot the lea, but is a good defence againft an
enemy on that fide.

'I his callle has four flankers. The thirteen piecii
of cannon on the platform, which arc eight poundeis,
command the road and paffage up to it ; and the fuuiU
arms fcour all the landing places behind the rocks
which enconipafs it. On the battlement are ten guns',
and twenty-five on the flankers, from a million tu
nine poiimliis. On the rock rabora,.lvvcnty paces
Ironi the callli-, are four or fix twelve pounders, in a
round tower, which ferves to keep the blacks of tho
town in awe, though otherwifo it fecms ufeltfi, thq
caflle being fo high, that its cannon can both fuffici-
ently proteift or command the town.

'1 his calUe makes a handfome profpeifl from tho
fci, and is a very regular, and well-conlhucted for-
tification, being as llrong as it can be well made.
At the entrance is a well-fecured and large gate facing
the town, and within which, is a I'quare, where four
or five hundred men may very convenieutly be clrawi^
up and exeicifed. Its four flankers have a covered
communication with each other ; and over the tanic
is a noble battery of fifteen whole culveri.n and dcnii
cannon, lying low, and pointing upon the road which
it commands.

Our author obfcrvcs, that the caftle mounts alto-
gethci forty pieces of heavy cannon i and about ico
white men in gurrifon.

I This garrilon hath a military land ofKccr to dif-
cipliiifi and command them under the Agento. He is
the lieutenant of the caftle, but goes by the title of
Captain. Every night at eight o'clock the gate is
fliut, where he appoints a good guaid, and comes
to the agent or meichant for tne word.

The natural fituation is on a round head jutting
out into the fea tu the fuuth Ibuth-caft, iind its beinj^
encompaffed on that fide, and the fouth-weft by feve-
ral rocks, and the fea itfelf lender it inaccoflihle on that
fide, the waves of the ocean continually hieakinj on
thofe rocks. There being but one long faiuly beacli
to land forces, where one hundred men could ealily
repulfe a thoufand i and that if the fort could hold
out three days, the army would want provifions, it
being eafy to (lop all the pallcs, and cut the men off
from frefli water.

Yet notwithftanding thcfc advantages, this caflle
is not altogether fecurcd againft an enemy. The
three great h'lls which lie near it to the north-weft
and north-eall of the town, are no lefs inconvenient
to it, than the Danifh moun( was, before it came into
the company's polieflion, for there batteries might be
cafily ereifted to reduce it by any nation who were
mailers of the blacks and their country. For this
rcafon the Englifli make it their bufinefs to keep them
in their interefl by prefens, befides a monthly funi
paid the king of Fetu for the privilcd^e of the caflle.

The lodgings and apartments within the caftle
arc very large, and well built of brick, having three
fronts.

The agents and f.ii^lors have genteel convenient
lodgings, and there aie no better barracks any where.
They lodge two in a room, and receive their pay duly
once a week in goh] duft.

There is one fpaeious warehoufe,^nd feveral finaller
ones ; a convenient trunk or place for the flavcs to
live in by theiufelves i a good forge, with fmiths to
make iron-eoik i a I'rgc kitchen to drefs the pi ovi-
fions the faflors keepin^< a very plentiful table ; but
they eat only twice a day, .-,t ten in the morning and
four in the cvenTlii^. There are feldom fewer than
fixtetn at their table, which, as our author vtas af-
fured, flood the company fome years fiom twelve to
fourteen thoufand pounds.

The general's lodging communicates with the cha-
pel, u capacious hall, which ferves to preach and dine

• ;«7]

COASTS AND I S r, A N 1) S OF AFRICA.

5"!

Lil jutting

its being

by fcvc-

on that

akin; on

ly licLidi

allly

Id holJ

ons, it

men oft'

,1 finaller
flavcs to
fmiths to

he piovi-
blc i but
ning and
wcr th;iii
ar was a(-
twclve tu

I the chs-

i and liine

in:

in i hence l\ity on ofcr-huik what the rottipany's
Icivaiitsaic about. A ciinoiiMi lUiivid l)jlc()n) niii.
al.iir^ ilu' buildinjjMJl iiic tiill lliin, wiili hiiiidlnnii
Itaiiialcson the omliili, ai critinn ilillanct-j un laih
Imnt, lor u coinn\ui\u-.mii \ liotwicn chi' hnlpin;;* "I
tf\f :;.irrilon. Unilci thcli h lioniis .iri. I'lvtr.il llin)' .
NcM iht agcntS ap.iitiniMt n a hin;<i fiattly hall.
'I liiru arc alio Ipacioun Itorc-hoiili.^, and con.ptinp;-
houlirs tor the t.icfurs .iiid oihtr cffictrs.

In ill' callle is kipt a lUiuui to tiach the litth- black
thildiin of the town to rc.nl and writi , m order
10 j)rep:irc them to be eliriftlans : but tlic l.'.bnur is
loll, fur their paiciils will never give their conlent.

Near the great ^ate isadunj;eon for the eniilinc-
mciit of murderers, tr.\ii(irs, and fuch niaUtJcti>r.s
till an opportunity prefcnts of I'eiiJ.ng them tu
Kn(;land to be tried.

Under the ft|uare, or pl.ice of arms, isafpneious
vault, having an iron }>rate at the fiirfaci, to kt in
liuht and air on the llaves, ch.tined and cunhned here,
till a demand comes fur thcni.

Under the battery is a curioui tank, or ciftcrn,
containing 400 ton<;. It is a long fquare cut out of
a rock, and terrallul over, with a convenient pair of
Hairs down to it. This tank, which is filhd every
rain, fupplies not only the calHc with water all the
year, but fre(|uciitly the company's fliips. The
method of filling it is thus : there b.iiig many chan-
nels m.ide from the cadle to the tank, as loon :is it
bii^ins Co rain, the bainbay, (an officer fo called)
makes the negro flavcs liop all the pnM'a^cs of the
channels, and then Iwcep the calilc very clean. After
which, he opens the channels into the t.ink, where
the clear water runs in threat quunlities, the rains
liere being generally in long, ami heavy Ihowers.
Upon this tank, which is ftionj;ly arched over, there
is a mod delightful walk by the aforefaid battery.

The only laniling plac; is jull under the fortrels,
in a fmall bay to the eaft, where theltranil is clear of
locks, being a f.iiuly flat, on which the bh.cks run
tiicir canoes without danger. The way thence lics
alon^ the caftio walls to the principal gate, luokini;
weU-north-well, up the coiintry. It has neither
ditch nor draw-bridge before it, nor fo much as a
portcullis i being only defended by the two round
flankers on the land fide, and a low, fmall battery of
fix guns.

'j'he anchoring place is two miles from the fliore,
where Agent Grrenhill, in the year i6(iO, made
frequent obfcrvation, that the variation w.is twenty
degrees fourteen fcconds, well. It generally flows
here fouth-fouth-eaft, and north-north-wtit upon
the full and change. 7'hc water upon ipring tide,
riles fix or feven feet.

The callle expetfis to be faluted by nil fliips that
anchor in (he road of Cape Coife, not by firing of
guns, but by lowering the top-fails down to the tups,
and fires with ball on all I'uch ihipr, Englilh or others,
as omit to do fo.

The company's fliips arc- fupplicd with water
from a large ciltern in the caftle, or from a large
pond, lying at Ibmcdiltancc towards the lea, between
Cape Corfe and El Miiiaj the blacks conducting the
boats thither, and rolling the calks backwards and
forwards along the pathi, amongft the rocks, at a
I'lace called Duininc.

\Vhcn the tank is fo low, that fliips cannot be
fupplied with water from thencc,tliey are forced to fill
it at a Handing pool, called Dominc's hole,- a goad dil-
tancc from the caftle, and roll it thence- over craggy
ftones to the landing-place, where negros attend, fur
hire, to fwim the calks olF to the long-boat, which
lies about a cable's length oft'fliorc at an anchor, not
daring to come nearer tor the great fwcll that is con-
ftantly upon the whole coaft. The negro fwimmers
watch a linooth, and roll the puncheons of water
into the fca till they float, then each Iwims after his
calk, fometinies above, fometimes under water, ftill
piiOiing it before him, till they conic to the boat.
The iperchandife and ftores broimht by the fliii'S for
Vol. I. No. 43

the calllc, are fent in this long-boat ai nf-ir tl e /Im.r
M theyilare i;o, and are nut tiy the cj.iiots lo unl.i.ii-
thru-. 'I'helt bein;.', Il.it bctuiir.id, pby up'.iiiiicUa
until they prrceiie .1 Iniui.ili, and ll.eii with vn-l' nee
iiiiiiiing ihiinlelves on lli'Mi-, take rnit the momK, Jini
launch off' aj;ain.

I'he dirtctor-gemral is fupienic, oi fiill perfoii in
the fi.i;tory, at icoj pour-Js per iiiiiiirii i \\\o otlir r
merchants, at joo pcunds, an.l a inictary at I'.O
pnunds, arc what I. -iiipolL- ihe council In the toiii-
pany's att'j.rs, l.nd I. Cl-.is to the.r rmti r forl«t and
upercaruoes i;ii board vcHi-ls, to cnlLot the tt.ide^
who arc to tr.iiilinit and nuke up their i.ct<ninis hen.
ihe general liippoiis a t.ible for thcni 1 a cli.i| l.\iii
an.l liiri;eon, wiih hiLiries of eighty pounds p;r
annum, who h.ne orderly meals, witiioi.t any idle-
bottles.

Though the general has but one vote in bufiiiefs,
yet it is tacitly euiiltntid to, from his li.iier allow-
ance and power as governor, that he ftiall lead the
otlurs, who fipn only for their l.il.iries : he therctoie
dilpoles lolely prcfcni'ients to the faelois anil wiiter'<
who, as they pleale, or difpleale, may he contiiiued,
or removed to advanla:;e. I'or, as on I rviee for tho
fort they are allowed a commiflion in tr.idi: iidditional
to their pay i fo in Ionic of the oiitvenid ports, luch
as Aero, or in afliip,thcy make coiill-luable increalej
while at other',' Annaiiiabo, or Dixiove, they find
a gie.it deal of trouble, wtt loiljjliig, fearcity of pro-
vifion, and iio profit.

The government of Cape Corfe c.iftic, is fome-
times velted in one perl'on, with the title of Captain-
eeiK ral of the Knglilh I'enlemcnls on the Cjold Coall
of Ciiiinea. As lor the council, it m^y be reckoned
a cypher; the chiefs iictin;; as they pleale, by tho
feeniing coiili-nt of a council, that docs not oppolc
them, as l>cing veiled wuli a lull power by the coiii-
p:inv to dil'pofe of all cni|iloyniuits at their plealurf.
I'he town of Oegwa forms a lort of tiiani^le ; two
of its angKs alir.oi? indole the c^iUle, and ihe thud'
extends a great length to the waits of the gardens,
which lie north of'it and the tov n ; the way from'
the caftle gate to the garden gate, lying through the
middle of it.

Our author, who furveyed this fcttlemcnt in
1727, fays, that thefc gardens arc pUafant and larye,'
being near eighty miles in conip;ils, but have no
limits or inclofurc, except on the foulh-fide, next
the town : the whole fpacc being called garden, as
far as any walks are planted. They are very fertile,
and produce every thing that grows within the
Torid Zone.

The ftiorc about Cape Corfc lies almoft eaft and
weft cxpofed to the fouth. The country is full of
hills, not very high, hut dole together ; the valleys
being very narrow, and covered with a fort of low,
but thick (hrubs. The negros do not till above a
tenili part of the ground, and yet in fix months it is
overgrown as tieforc. Some impute thele (hiiihs to
the hadnefs of the air, others to the rain-water in their
pits, which ftrains through the earth, and has n'
fweetifli tafte, with a mixture of acid, like vitrol j
others afcribe it to the excclfive rains : but it has
been obfcved, that it is not the wet alone which
make! this country unhealthy ; for the furfacc here is
every where land or grcvel, which is reckoned the
moft wholcfome foil, having under it a lort of
whitifti marl, like fullers-earth.

Here is abundance of excellent large fifli of feveral-
forts, l'ni.ill poultry, and large Mukovv ducks, at low
rates. The mutton and kid, though plenty enough,'
is very lean and infipid : but beef is feldom to be
met with. The cattle is well flocked with tame
pigeons.

As to the air, not knowing that it rs more faulty
here than in other places on tlie ccull ; it is thought
that the iinhealthiiiefs may procectl from the ground
being covered, as before mentioned, with fllrubs 7
whence, in the valleys cfpecially, arifes toward*
night and morning a certain fog^ or mift, which
If b O may

-f,

VOYAOES TO THE

I'VJ-

ni.iy ilifli-mpcr tlio air ( liiit it is taiJ the mortality
1ki\: i (liii'tly o^ini; to intcm|icrmice aiiil liiii ilict.
Tht -.ir iiiJtcil i> cxccllive hot, tnd I'o pierciius that
it pi'iictrutcs H ni^ui'.t boti) , much more thiii in France
or Eiv^l.iiul. It alio corrodes iron much falK-r.

Ill ihc ncijjlihiurhoiiJ o(' the calllc are two forts,
rxch Jul) ilircv quarters of a mile from it ) onerallcil
I'Mijiiii's To'vci, ihi; other Kort Royal. 'I'hc firft is
a litilc rouiul '.o.vcr, built by the governor, or Genrral
l'lii|i|)H, from whom it takes the name, on the topol
a Itccp hill, by the liJc of the jtardens. It (iaiids
liorth-wcll from the toAn, and mounts ftvcn!;uns.

Cap: Corlc has ahv lys been a noted place for traf-
fic, ever finee the Europeans frequented CJuino.
'I'hc French drove a confiderable trade here, till tiicy
were intcrruptcd.by the Portugucfe of Kl Miiia, who,
in 1590, orgi, fei/ed a Frencn fhip, killinj; mott of
the men, and making the reft (laves. They did the
like in lS92t by a boat belonging to an Amflerdam
fhip. However, in 1600, the natives of Mnwri
being at war with them, the Dutch trade of Cape
Corle, began to revive. Abundance of gold is brought
from Fctu, Abrambow, an<. Mandingo, as well as
other places, above 800 miles inland, by the native
merchants, who take oil', in exchange, a tfreit quan-
tity of goods, efpecially linen, ami brals b.ifuns of
the fmall fort. The fai'iory have every now and then,
a large demand for fait, made and brought hither from
Acra, before- mentioned.

Three quarters of a mile from Cape '.Vrfc^ is the
negro town of Manfrow, and Kort Royal, called
alio Q^iccn Anne's Fort, belonging to tlie Englifh.
It is built on a hill, named Dunflein, or, I'he Da-
ni(h Mount, hccaufe formerly poflclTed by the Danes,
who had aCafllc there, named r'redricklburgh, which
was built by them (with the afliftance of the negros)
after they were driven out by the Dutch from Cape
Corfe.

By the treaty made between the Englifh and Danes,
when they retook Cape Corfe from the Dutch, it
was concluded that the latter filould have a fortified
factory here.

Fredrickfburgh was feated on the liill which termi-
nates in a point. The whole circuit was above 300
paces. It commanded the country round it, cvea
Cape Corfe itfelf, which is not above a niufquet fhot
diftant. The form of the plot on which it flood is
round, but the fort itfelf was triangular, having three
baflions, one of which commanded the road to the
fouth, and the fccond over-looked Cape Corfu to the
wefl, and the third fronted the Dutch fort of NalTau,
at Mowrijon the caft. The fort of this hill, (which
is not above 100 paces high, and has a windingal-
ccnt) is furrounJcd by houfes of the negros.

The Danes had here in garrifon above 20 whites
fit for fervice, belides Gromctto blacks. It was gene-
rally obferved, hat of all the European nations on the
coalf, the Danes ioft more men in proportion, al-
though fettled in the beft air. This is afcribed to
their ill diet, which, dys the author, is worfe than
that of the Englifh at Cape Corfe ; for they are often
in want of money to buy iiecelTaries, and great lovers
of ftrong liquors.

The befl road for (hips at Manfrow, is due fouth
of the fort, in thirteen or fourteen fathoms good an-
chorage ground, which the Englifh at Cape Corfe
pretend lies in their limits. The eafieft landing place
is on the eaft fide of the hill; they put the boats to
anchor without the rocks, waiting for the negros ca-
noes from fhore, to carry their, over the breakers,
which are fometimes dangerous.

Th; Danilh general has a fine fpacious garden for
hisdivcrfion, on the north-eaft fide of the fort, above
half a mile from it, (lored with great variety of trees
and plants, efpccially orange and lemon-trees. In
the midll of it is a (lately fummcr-houfe. The coun-
try behind the Danidi mount is hilly, clofe, and not
much cultivated, but covered with fhrubs and woods,
through the indolence of the natives.
Tlic viciiiitvof ihc Dajiifli Mount at Manfrow is

a gri..* ''ifj.li'anta^c to the fortrcf>, which lying im'
der, and fo near it, might with a large caiinon be
battered to pieces. The autho- .;ai (rom this li.rt li -
veral times Iccii the men walking in the Englilh place
of arnii at Cape (-'orlir. The Enslifh, who were
fi'niible of tint ''tei'l, endeavoured by all means to
live amicably with the Danes, and at length pur-
chifcd Fiedncklburgh from them. This fort wiit
delivered by Mr. Hairis Luck, their general, in the
year 16H5, to Henry Nurfe, Efqj agent for the Royal
African Company of England, and by them named
Kort Royal.

Although this foilfwas then » yery mean fOrtifica-
tioii, yet the Englifh were "ery much pleifcd with
the poH'eflion.

()ur author obferves, that the Englifh agents re-
built and fortified this fort in i6qS, and that had ihcy
perfected it according to the plan, it would have
been one of the Arongefl places in Ciuinca, being I'n-
icccflible every way, (through the ftcrpnefs of ttw
hill) but by a narrow path, which one gun may de-
fend i and even, though then ruinout, was, hy its
fituation, capable of levelling Cape Corfe caftir tn
the ground. It has mounted and dilmounted twenty-
one guns, with which they take up or aiifwcr all the
falutes in the road ; which is very convenient for tlw
fick people at Cape Corfe, who are not muchdillurbed
with the noife.

The town of Manfrow, (or Manfro) is almofl
round, and lies below the Danilh mount on thcfhurr,
fcvcral great rocks rendciing any acccfs difHcult. Il
is not very confiderable, the negros being moflly
tifliermen, labourers, or Talt boilers, with tome few
brokers for the inland blacks.

Befides the daily market town of Oegwa, or Cape
Corfe, there is a confiderable one at Abrambow, a
large town, twenty-fevcn miles north, where, by lh«
king of Fetu's appointment at a certain time of ttic
year, there is a rendezvous from c»cry part of the
country for public dancing, and is termed the Danc-
ing Seafon, which lafts orght days. A gr?at number
of people repair hither, and fpend the (lay, and moft
of the night in this toilf«>mc divcifion. At the f:mie
time are decided all fuits and controverfies v*hich
CO lid not b« determined by the inferior jullices In ihcir
refpe<5livc diftrii^t. • ThiS' fupreme court is compofetl
of the king Fetii, his doy, or prime niiniller, the
jcrofi'o, and the braflo, with two Englilh faftorsoi
Cape Corfe caflle, chofen by the p;eneral, who are to
have each as many new fuits as the court fin days.
I'his article, it is reckoned, cofts the company 300).
a year.

The village of AqualFow is very large, and lie«
weft from Cape Corfe. It is a market where the
blacks bring flaves to be killed and buried at the fune-
rals of their kings.

The little kingdom of Sobu, (or Sabou) extends
about two leagues in breadth along the coaft, reckon-
ing from the foot of the Danifh mount, to about two
miles below Mowri, where it joins to the country of
Kantin to the call, and a'oout four leagues inland to
the north. It is bounded by Atti to the north, and
Ketu to the weft.

Sobu produces great plenty of Indian corn, pota-
toes, yams, bananas, oranges, lemons, and other
fruits, befides palm oil ; great quantities of which,
efpecially the latter, they export to Acra and Axtm.
The natives arc reckoned the moll induilrious jwople
on the coaft, either in agriculture, filhing, or trading
with the Europeans and the Accanez blacks, who
bring down much gold here in exchange fur goods,
fifh, and fait.

The father of the prefent king of Sobu, had long
wars with the Atti and the Accanel blacks, his neigh-
bours to the north, occafioned by his intollerable ex-
actions ; but the prefent king being of a peaceabi*
and lefs covetous temper, has appealed thcfe troubles.
The Atti blacks are more numerous than thofe of
Sobu i yet their being good at iirc-arms, have often

routid

imr-

'jv]

COASTS AND ISLANDS OF AFRICA.

soy

poti-
other

toiitrd (hfii), and brou:»ht down fcvcrjl hraJt of botli
lutiont to tlic Dutch f3tl.)ry at Mowri.

The town of Sobu, the king's rcl'ulincc, lies about
two league* inland, and is a large populace place.

The Hrit place on tlie ft* toad to Q;ieen Anne'i
Point, a fort litely built ^of Hone anu lime, fcatcd
nn a little hill witnin loft than half a mile of Fort
Knyal, or the Daniih Mount to the weft i and two
milct from the Dutch fort of NafTau to (he calt,
It mounts lix gum, and hai n garrifon of live whites
and fix (iromattos.

The next place i» t he village of Icon or Cnni^n,
lyini; half a league within the Danifli mount. Here
are llill to be fcen on two fmall cmincncei, the ruins
of a fine ftore-houfe the Dutch had there.

Mowri lies eaftward tv/o miles from Congo, a fmall
league from Fort Royal, and two leagues nnd an
half beyond £1 Mina. According to Artus, this town
lies high, but it irregular and dirty, and has an in-
Convenient market-place, though it abounds with
p.ilm-winc and fruits. It belongs to the Icing of Sobu,
whohai a colleiior here. Great numbers of the in-
land merchants from Cano, and other ri mute places,
bring hither much rough gold, as it comes out of the
earth, and a gre.it quantity of merchandifc. The
place was inconfiderabic before the Dutch trafficked
here,' but has greatly Improved fince, and it is now
the bcft place of trade on the coaft.

I'he bed landing-place at Mowri, isinabayjuft
under the cannon of the fort, on the call north-eaft,
which muft be by the help of canoc», as is praftifcd
in other parts of the coaft.

The fort of Naflau before-mentioned, is fttuated on
• rock, whofe foot is walhed by the fea. It was built
by the Dutch, and ivas their chief fettlemcnt when
the Portugucfe held E! Mina; next to which, it is
now the chief fort poflelTed by the Dutch. It is al-
moft fquarc, the front beinj; a little longer than the
other fides. It is provided with four batteries and
eighteen pieces of cannon. The walls are higher than
^'ny fort, except El Mina, upon the whole coaft. The
Curtain, which takes in two fea batteries, is fo fpa-
cious and convenient, that I'uch a battery might be
eafily made, as ifie Englifli have at Cape Corfe for
commanding the fea ; hut i'"- grcateft ornaments and
conveniences, are the fo ■ fquarr towers placed at
the angles. It was formerly garrifoncd by fcvonty or
eighty men, whofo number at prcfent, though very
much diminifhed, Is fufficicnt to defend it againft the
negros.

This fort was built, in 1664, by order, and at the
charge of the States (jeneral, .nnd called Fort Naflau,
in honour of the family of Orange. It was built fo
as to command the town of Mowri, which lies round
it like a circle, except on the eaft fide, where it is
defended by the fea. The States afterwards cave it tu
the Weft India company. Its firft ftruclurc was
flight, the batteries being only of turf, often ruined
by the rains, which cxpofed the garrifon to the in-
fults of the Portuguefe at El Mina.

The country of Fantin borders on Sobu to the weft,
the iron mount, two miles below Mowri, being its
extremity. This hill is about a mile long, and h.is
on its higheft part, a clofc fliady walk. From the
foot of this hill, Fantin extends northward. This
country is bounded by Atti, Aqua, and Tonqua,
cafl by Acron, and on the fouth by the fea, along
which it extends ten leagues.

The Fantincfe are naturally a treacherous cheat-
ing people, and particularly dexterous in counter-
feiting gold. They drive a very great trade with all
fnrts of interlopers, boldly in the fight both of the
Englifli and Dutch, neither daring to hinder it, as
they can raife a great force, and have it in their power
to fliut up the pafles to the Acamze and other nations
northward, who drive a great trade on the coaft, as
well for European goods, as fifli, and white fait ; of
this laft great quantities are fcnt to Acanez, for which
that iiation pays a certain duty in gold to thofe o(
Fantin. Moft of this fait is made in a l.vge pond

by the heat of til.- lun, not a great W«y diftunt fioni
the tinvri.

The inland pt'()pleem|i!.)v i!ic;nfclvcs in till.t^r ai,;l
tr.idr, and I'up] I) ihe niai k. is with fruiu, kiii, uiid
p.ilin-wiiie i lilt lounliy piu.luiiii.; fucli jjn at plirily
of inail'c, that great quaniiiits of it :iie ixpuriid b.lli
by LuroiHans anil l)l.uks, wh'i conic Imhc r Inuii mhi t
pans. lUic i< a dirt of palni-\\iiic lullul (^aker 1
it is fiild .It double the price of the c< minoii dni, ,iiiil
neverthilefs i» nuill fjrccdil) luiuj-lit tp, riii'. I.iiid
is alfo rich in gold, (laves, ami all mcillariis of I f ,
hut tfpecially in corn, in whitli iluy dial l.irgily
witli the Knglilh fliipj. 'I ills yieat (i|ipiiKiiry h.it
made tlum f > hau^hl/, th.it, in the w.iy of tialK*.',
an European mull coiili'ler liimfilf as tl.cir iiilc-
rior.

Here is no king, a braffo, or lender, ha\int» ilie
chief command, iie is u fort of j;overniir, but hi :
power is pretty much reftrained by the olil men, who
arc a fort of national coiinfcllors, aclmg pert* .Illy ac-
cording to their own inclinations, wiihout ciuifultlii.'
the braHo. Hefides thefc, every diilncl i f Fantin hhs
its own chief, who will fometiiiics own the pu-t.ini-
ncnce of the brati'o, w ho has only the empty liilc of
the Supreme Magiftratc.

This country is very populous, and full of villajjes ;
the principal along the fhore arc, Aiiican, Annamabo,
Aga, Corinantin, Amcrfa, Little Cormantiii, A<|ii;i,
Laguya, and Montfort, befidcs fome oihtrs (if Id's
note, from Montfort to Cape Ruyge-Haeck, all which
villages contain about 4000 fifturmen. The ca|iilal
town is Fantin, which lies about five Ica^iucs iu-
land.

The village of Anican lies on a liitlc hill, two
leagues eaft from Mowri. 'i'he place itfelf is iiicun-
flderable, and not worth anchoring at. 'Ihi; ro.id
lies half way between it and Annamabocaftle, fo that
the lalt may be eafily fcen from it, though Uated iit
low ground. The Dutch had a faiilory here fuimerly,
but finding trade did not anfwer the charge, and ih.it
the Engliln and Portugucfe had got footing there, they
quitted it.

The Portugucfe, fince the year 1679, caft up a
redoubt of turf for their fecurily, the coniniai:Jtr
whereof, Lorenzo I'crez Brancs, had ten or twelve
of his countrymen to defend it. His trade confiikd
of tobacco and pipes, Brafil, fwectmcats, foap, lum,
an J fuch like American commodities.

Two miles beyond Anican, and two leagues and an
half from Mowri, and four from Cape Cor(c, is
Annamabo. It is a pretty large town, am! the inhabi-
tants arc reckoned very bold and Kuut fellows, very
treacherous, and great cheats. 'I'hc gold here is molt
mixed with brafsof any in all Guinea; it lies ;;buut
four leagues to the eaft of C.ipc Corfe.

The Dutch rrprcfenc it as the ftrongcft town on the
whole coaft, affbrdiiig as many armed men us the
kingdom in gcner.d of Sobu or Cummani, 2nd yet
but a fifth part of Fantin.

The village of Annamabo, which is pretty large and
populous, is divided into two parts; the one inha-
bited by £1 Mina fiftiermen, the other by thufc uf
Fantin, who pay a duty to the Brafto of Annnmabo
for the liberty of fifliing there. 'l");e natives are
generally defperate villains, and mull bu narrowly
watched, and their gold well examined. The village
lies under the cannon of the Englifli callle.

At Annamabo the Englifli have a fn.all, but very
neat, compafl fort, the load before which is always
full of Engliih fhips. This place might afford a con-
fiderable gold and fiave trade, if llie Englilh inter-
lopers did not carry it very near all oft, and the Zc-
landcrs take what the others leave.

The Englifh here are fo plagued with the Fantiiiian
bl.tcks, that they are fometiines not fuiFered to itir out
of the fort, and if the nc^rot dillikc the governor,
they ufually fend him in a canoe, by way of coiitempr,
to Cape Corfe ; nor arc they able to oppofe it, but
rather forced to make their peace by a prclcnt.

In 1701, it was leportcd, that the Dutch, con-

- (

ioil

VOYAGES to THE

f.-«f

Ir.irv to irllilc<, «(?!flrd tin- former \miIi powder.
Hf|ui mill r ihi- 4th, b«iiii; Siiim^iy, tlii; iu'^uk, ill •(
liiiiiutttimi'. nuiincr, jp|tjii.ulK J Ihr lallK-, llmt at
ll, biiilic oprii thf oiili 1 l(iMi ij.itr, •iiid tt' hn' lo llii'
r>ut-\\iill< and rarn-rnnni , Imt the giint \k>i\^ fiii.trtly
dil'ch.irgid, ihcy Inoii (|iii(tr'cl tluir |;rnuiid ^ and in rt -
q111t.1l, that night, ihi' |-n);lilli hurni the maji ' 'iirt
til thiir town. Alter twcniy-trto days nulrjut, the
ncprot icqurllcd a truce, iiromifing to coni|Miie m.it-
trr» to the diflrc of the Kneliih. 'F'hc king ol S'>bu
c.inie there '.» mediatiir. 'I'hey nhjictcd to lu.tliing
lli.it wa« ^ropofcil, obligiiij» thcnililvri to piy thcda-
nia.tr .loiie to the tnrt, and took tlicir inthj to (u-rfurin
Ih . agreement, Kivin;> up their Iniif alfo 4« pledget.
Hut locn .titer, Ti.iving received adilliinee, ihiy le-
coniinenrcd holtilitici.

The Lnglith c.iltle was lately built in llio mom «l
An old hnuTc which iiuod there in 1679 : ibo mud-
walli of which arc to be leen before ll. Thii is a
fmall, neat, compa<!i fort, or lathet a large, Itrung
' houfe, defended by two turrctt on the one fide, and
two flankers on the other next the Tea, all built of
ftone, brick, and limr, and featrd on a rock ; about
thirty paces from the fliand. It h.n twelve gond
(;uns .ind two padcrcros mounted, aivl 14 commonly
^.irrifuned hv twelve white!*, and thirteen black)',
under a chiel fa^or. I'he ludaingi within aic con-
venient, with proper warehoule*.

'I'he landinj; here i) rather iliflicuir, the (hore being
full of rork«, on which tlic fea bieakt dangerouny.
The (hipa-boats anchor dole by, and the people arc
carried on fliore in canoes to a narrow landy be.ich,
)ull under th* fall command of the caft^e, iiirli>f(Hi
with which arc hnufes for the (Jroiiietto blacks, and
etrkcrs o*' the lompny'i fervants. This wall was ti-
h<- piillid down when the caftle wis quite finiflicd,
^n^ one ol btK.t. built in the room nl it. Tlie toun-
try about Anrtam.iSo is full ofclofc hills, brginnin;;at
a j;ood dilfante from the town. There are five toj^c-
llirr liijjher than the relt, which arc a goful l.iml mark
to know this phcc, from Ionic KMi;ties to the wdl.
Here is gre.it varirty of trees, .nlFordini; a plcafant
p.- ifHCt : IS alio, iIr- bill pulm-niiiu on all theCuafi
of Cl'iinca, of ih(. fort called Qiiaker. There is like-
wife plenty of maifr, and an infinite number of pa-
roquets J.nnut as big as fparrows, their bodies of a
curious green, and their heads and tails of a mol)
bciintiful rcd( fnme of which the author carried to
Paris, as prefents to fomc of the princes of the blood.
Thefe birds are fold fora crown a dozen, but I'o hard
to keep, that not one in twenty furvivcs the voyage to
Europe.

Here is pood green cabbage; as nlfo, pnpss, a !;icrn
fruit, about as big as a little melon, which talles like
t.iirliftowers. The gre.it. It inconvenience is the want
of frclh-watcr, which they arc obliged to fetch by
their ftavej from two Ira^.ics diftance. The maife,
or Irniian wheat I'eils there hy the chcft, at one akier
of gold. The chcll containi, about three buOKls i
wli.n there is a great deni.md or fcarcity, it rifot to
twa or three akicrs. In plcnti'ul years, or times of
peace , it 'lU'. btcii (old at ten, and even eight tahos of
p ,ld, vshith is not three fhilliiigs £ngli(h. This
taCtov was tiefcrtcd in 17^0, but i& ncccfl'ary to be
nUttl.d.

About half a league, or r .'. o miles from Annamabo,
is A :a, a villa;;e on thi: Ua-Ihore, where formerly,
a» well .1.S Ann:miib'', tli Uiitch had a fort ; till by
luachery tlicy \\ci\- torctd out by the Enp,lifti, who,
bi-in;; jointly gariiloncd with the Outdi, treated them
barbaroufly. I'lic compiny have plnnted their flag
upon a negro's lioiifi h re, and kicp one faiJ^or to
buy millet of the Kaiuinians, for ihiir ll.ivc fhips,
but he lindin^ greater protit in trading with the inter-
lop'-r«, can Ipare hismalKr'-. fliips but Imall fharc.

The Danes a:i.l Dutch h.id formerly a I'ort here.
On the ruins of tlic former, th; Knglilli have built a
f.ulorv of turf, kept by two whites, and f jine Ciro-
metto blacks, Ivfidcs a faiiloi , with tlic Englifh flag.
The Dutch fort was only a bare tcJoubt, dcftroycd

by the l'!ii|;li(h in if6{ I brir^; flown up the Imiv''
day that the Dutch ailniii.I lie Kii^tir, utttni^tidla
land at Annairabo : but in tliii he laiUd, be njj
tiiii.leifd !iy the gii.it bri-.king ol ihc (cj, and iht tiic
ol the Kiij.lifll, ainilui by ili> runtin blacks, fn'iu
lull I lid the rot ks thtt c<>\( r <hv llioie, anJ the cannon
ol the fort. The Rn^Iiih at Aga, coiicludiP;} tbit
the Dutch would lueeetil at Annamabo, nnd iIumi
vifit thrm in ihiir way to Coiman'in, uiiliiniiiiisl
the lort theie, and Uftam.tih ul fuih a Isuclh to
the powder, as thry lh>>u^,lit would lafi till the
Dutch took pollellion, but it blew up Uluir th^y
arrived,

I'hrce leagues from Mowii is the village of Cui-
niantin. Called Little Cuinuntin, lu diMiiigUilh it
from another Oiled the Ureal.

Curmantin before the year if.cc, was a confidet-
ablc marl, but then of little anlolln^ The town lift
on an eminence, and is remarkabK' for a tall tree in
the middle of the maiket-jdacei having five little bill*
to the weft, and the moun ain Mango to the raft.
The I'ortugucfc and Fieneh tuded much here j anil
the Dutch did fo too, till the natives began to aduU
ti late their gold, whii h foon occafioned the tradt here
to decay : fu that now tb" inhabitants rcfurt 10 Muwri
for what goods thry wa ..

I'he village u( Little Cormantin it only confidcr-
able for the fertility of the country round 11, and the
Dutch fort Amltcrdani, which commands it. Thi<
was the chitf rcfidente of the I iiglilh when De
Kuyter difpoireflid tluni of it in 1665. It was much
enlarged and beautified by the Dutch in Ili8l,and 81,
bi'ini{ a fquare fort, built with hard rock-done and
lime, {licngthencd with three finall, and unc laiuc
battery, mounted with twenty pircvs nf cannon. In
ihc centre is a large fquirc tower, dcfigncd to have a
eup >1.i on it, where the fl.^g-ftafr liand'.

There arc good lodgings, and all < (Tices for the
commanders and i;arril'on, which coiifilU of twenty-
five whiles, bi fides fjrunietta blacks. The brcalt-
works arc large, and the prufpcift from the lop of the'
tower delightful, over-lookini; all the fcaand country.
It Ins alfo lar^r convenient c'lAerns for raiu-water.

This fort is llrong by nature, as Handing on a higli,
rocky hill, in moli placet Keep and craggy, anj
only acecdible by a path cut into ilcpt ;Jong the
defcent of the hill.

The knglilh had a fort with four baftions here,
t-efi.re it was taken by thi. Putth in 16O5. The
former found means to recover It, but were again
dll'pollirfl'ed by the latter, who have fettled a good
tiadc there, as well ^s at Adja and J.-imolia, when;
they have fortified faifiurics. In the fort at Cor-
mantin, is a large, fquaie building, fiat roufcj io
the middle, which fcrves for a lodging 10 the governor,
and fur a magazine ; and the pTatform at top will
bear cannon. The country is rich in gold, yet the
foil is good, and well pcup! d. The natives arc
induftrious, and love tr.ide, the art of which, at well
as the icconumy, they have learned from the Dutili.

Great Cormantin, lies a cannon-ftiot below Fort
Amderdam, uivon a high hill ; is fo large and (h»-
piiloiis, as Ju(*ly to be called (ireat. All the in-
habitant^-, befidcs the traders, are fiOicrmcn, amount-
ing to 8co, or 1000 men. From this pl.icc, the
country of Fantin reaches twenty-two or twcnty-
tlirec miles along the fhorc, being all the way
replenifhcd with finall villages, being very pleafant
pafling by it in a canoe.

I'hc lands about tliefe Cormantines produce^
plenty of fruit and corn. The air is very wholefmiie.
The natives blew excellent beer, made of maiie, or
Inilian corn, lufcious as ale, called petavv. I'hcy
bake bananas in bread and bifcuit, and alfo maifc fur
their common food, .

Once Annamabo and Cormantin were two of the
principal places of trade on the coaft, lor the Dutch
and Knglifli, on account of the great rcfurt of the
Accane7. blacks, who came down 111 little raiayans i
but thir difference that arufu between ihcfctwo nations

f.-t^

•7«7J

C () A r, T S AND ISLANDS OF AFRICA.

!lo()

hfre,
Ihe

in i('li.\, iiiil t(<li^, al'iii^ ili'j ih.i(1 iif iiortli ami
Itiiiili (iuiiu.i, iliil iIdiii Iii>iIm'.'''^( llllll.^(',l'| '•l)li;;iii^
llu' lull li< ii'tirv Cii M wti, .tiiil {\\e Ki)};iifli lu Cur>
ni^nciii, I hi It l.illir win- hi (cure l.> tin lulittt,
Ihitt iluy aiiJ ihc Ahmiu-/. lil.iiln iiiviu^l ihi- Diiiih
■I hi ^lllu, vvhiilc ^(ivftiiituiit tluy h.iil I'ccn li>iii;
ulcdifi, uihl likiil (It Utile a r.iclury •>( ArK'U \>hith
Wit idki'ii l<y llu' Kiit^lilli in iM 4, .iiul IiNivmi up in
l()6;. Ihc Kiiijlilli un ihui |urt, lu ihwari (he
Dutch, null aviiiii III to inriiiiit llic In.itlo* 'I' Kaiitm
■nii AiciMi/., whii (iiok (hen tniiiKV »iiiiiiiil pcrlurin-
init (ht'c<>nilitiiin\ agrcrJ on 1 .mil hinlin;; thr jciluuly
between the nation*, in i>nm .>! ir.ulc, oiialioiinl
their hiviii); uikkIs che.i|ii.i, ih>y rncouia^.d the
Kn^lilli to buiKl ;\ (null loK 4( Aiwuniulio, (O lival
Ihe Diiieli at Mo»ri and A^,'.:'.

Mown, Annimaliii, Aiulli.ui, anil Cormanlin,
*rc |ilaici where Kriit( i|ii,inlilii-< ul I'.uri'pe.iii gnoilh
arc vciiJcJ, vr/. Iiiuiik, liKli.i<, ('ii|i|iei, iion>bars,
old Ihectt, brandy and rum, (lewter-b.iluni, muU|uuk,
buglci, beads ol all l6r(s, puwdu, \c. When Cui-
maiitin wan (aken fruni the I'.n^lilh, a< above nicn-
tiuned, (he K.intiiU'l'i', expivlleil ^tea( r.iii»laiitiun (o
feu (lie nu(cli fettled there a^-Jiii. Their rcafont
wcir, tha( (he LiigUni goieinor had inconimoUeu
llicm with his );arrilon ; .mil that (hey thought (he
Dutch fold tlieir );i""'* i'lKa|icr, iluwevir, they
gained a point upon (he Dud'h, who lornierly a;;iced
tu );ive thciii a goml funi id ,:;<dd, beliiles joo j;iiililers,
I'ur every Ihip i>r (he r<iiii|iaiiy's wliuh Ihould (mde
there, (Have lllip* except' dj in lOMlideration ot (lieir
afnilancc in reei>veiin^; I itt Aniltcrdani, and other
fcrvices i bu( iH'W (hi y i.liline thcin to pay Cur all
lbip« alike. They alfu extuK a ^uod Imii yearly
I'lum the l.nt'lifli.

Alter the lediiClion u( Fort NalTau .1( Mouri, ami
their dilappi>iiiiiiieii( a( CipeCorle and Annani.ib",
Ihe Diileh liuur.il, Falkenhur^h, a( a exuniil ot
wai liild oil boaid the adniiial, innft e.irntOly jtniUd
an .iiieiiipi on Cormanlin. Ihc eniiiptilc being
rclolved on, ValUiibur^ih Irilt Dii Kiiv(er a leinloree-
liiuitot .(OoeaniHs lull ol armed blarku froiii Kl
Mina, with »hoin the Dutch lleei came to aiivlior in
Corinanliii toad. Ihc bay, (lioui;li fp.ieious, bciii^
dan^Trrous (o land at, and tin- coining out as bad,
Dc Ruytcr, on the ;tli ol I'ehiuary, ibii<i, fen( a
detachment ol lyoo men, lupportcd by (ho Min.i
blaek^, to land a( Annainabo, which the tni^lifti had
taken, as well as Agga, or Adja. Thclc toices ap-
proathinij the (liorc, were To warmly received by tie
Cormanlin blacki, polled behind the rocks and buOus,
tha( (he Dutch, unable (o Iwar (heir h:c, (oi^cdier
wi(h (hat of (he caHle, and fufpeitin;; their deliijn
betrayed by (lie bralVo of Aniiamabo, llood off (o lea,
and icjoincd thur fi|uarilron.

DcKuMci, however, was not difheartcnrd wi(h
tUisrcpullc : lor the blacks of Annamabo, and Ai^pa,
who had l«.vi» (ulpected of favouring (he tngliilh,
fent (o jd'uic h.m of (heir fidelity; proniifing next
day (0 join his torcis, and aflilHiiin in taking Cor-
niaiitin I'ort. Tlicy ranie and brough( widi (hem
jcoo I'aiitin bl.ick', (heir allies, whom (hey had hired
tor (hat Icrwce,

I'lielt: forces l.mJing in .i calm day, wilhout any
lofs at Aj.',^a, while (hey were joined by (lie auxiliary
n(i',ros ol A;'i;a and FaiKin. From licnce (hey
marched in good orJ,.r, e.ich black havin;i a whi(e
liaiulkerchiel about liis neck, (o dillinguiUi him from
tliolf of Cormantin. About noon (hey arrived at the
Fnv;lilh fuit, which Valkonbiir _h lum'moned to I'ur-
n-ndcr imnn-diately ; ami at the fame time caufed a
body ot his forte ■, condiiited by fome blacks of (lie
town, whom he had gained, to advance to a riling
ground, juil out of reach of the cannon.

The 1kIii-;^<iI nude a (eiribic fire, and frequent
fallici, tt hii h, for a '.vhile, ftopiKd the proi^refs of (he
*an-gii*rd ; 16 many of the Dutch blacks being killed,
tb!(( the palll'S wire bloekcl up with their bodies.
Moll of (his execution was done by joo Englifh
Ulack.s, coinmandcd by one Jihn Cabcx. The main

Vol., I. No. 44.

hotly nl lal( cnmiii|i; up, moft of ihefe black* wr*a
lut ott, or letircd pncipilalely (o (he fort. Valkeii-
biirjih ihin oidncd the (ow n In be le( on die j the
I'niokcol whiih, for a while, tiiuk aw ay (he fiL',li( el
llie liirl friiiii llie Dulili, and threw (he Fii-lilli into
(ui'h cohllcriiadoii, (li.it Uciii(; tlu' enemy appioaih
Willi ^'lanadiHi in theii liamK, and a mortar, (o^ivc
the all'aull, iheyKruck (heir A.ig, and opt neil (Ke
ga(e i .iiid the l)iiteli, aceoidiii;.; (o tiieir aiioiin',
ii'ok polli'llioii nf (he lor( a( In linall an expeiue.r,
Ul iii.iiks of ^old, whali thiy paid (he auxiliary
blacks ul F.intiii, and the bralib and cabolliin of
Annariiaho and A|{[;a.

Aimifi, Ai|ua, J.a);uyn, Tantumqiicrri, Mont-
loit, .Hid liMlic odur Ini.ill villa^ik to (lie call on tliu
I'aniin Ihoii, as 1. 11 .11 Acrmi, h.ivc but an iiiion-
liileralilt trade. A(|U.i liesuii a little tuer Iwu Icigiiis
ealt ol C'oniiaiitin. 'I lie ' mil nlKiU( i( is luw .lud
Hal, pioduciiig piriity ol Indian corn ; and ll.ere is
Wood and wa(er for Hups th.it want.

La^uyo is (wo leagues faitlurealt from Ai|ua, on
a riling; i;iouiid, dtleeiuliii^ (owarils (he llmre. ll
hai not much (r.idc for llaves, ainl ilic gold i> none
of (he belt.

Taiitumqiierri lies fuveii leagues lart of Corman-
lin, of couile ihrec from La^'.uyo. This is a pretty,
little, regular foit, hiving four Imall ll.iiiket^,mi>uiitcil
vv'itli 12 guns. It isplealaiitly fituated near (he Tea-
liile, but th'' landing-place is iiidilVerent.

'I'he fmallei vi!li};es to the call of (his tail aru
belter fiequciited by tiiropcaiis ; ihc inliabitants beinjj
poor Itlliermen, who Cany (heir Hlh on bo.ird lliips,
.IS do lliofu of l.aguyoand Montfort ; ye( llnle peupla
talk of their great plen(y of flases ami gold on llioie,
I purpole (II keep fliips longer 111 the road, that lluy
may ll II (heir lilll for pedlars waic and (oys. The
Knglilli lliips ciiitHy ply on this coalt aS f.ii ai
Acra.

Though the F.nglifli and Dutch poA'eflird Forts in
Faniin, vet neither of tlicm have any power there {
I'll that uhcn the natives arc inclined to it, they (hut
up all the palfes fo clofe, that not one merchan' ciin
eonie fioin iiilalid to trade with them, and lomrtimes
liiiidu I'rovilions being brought, till a peace is con-
liiilcd w lib (hem. The language of the blacks are a|j
molt one and the fame trom Axiin to Fantiii, all aloiiy
the ciold Cuaff.

Ihe country of Acton lies between that of Fantiil
Mul Aiigwina, or Agoiina, on the fea-Oiore, running
tad to the famous cape, cailtd Monte del Diablo.
It is divided intoCJreat .iiid I.itOc Acion, the fornn r
lying inland i as to its govenimeiit, it is a republic,
l.itdc Acton IS a kingdom. Tluy are independ.int
of caihodur, bu( Inc in petfei^t amity under the
protertion of the Fantin negros, enjoying; peace, and
cultivate (heir fruitful land fu as to liave a fufficient
crop for exportation.

'i"hc king of Little Acron, in our author's time,
w.isacivil, good-natured man, about f.ftv, reputej
one of the richeft on the Gold Coaft, though hcdreil'ed
no better than his fubjiii>s. It is rather an anarchy
than a monarchy, for the king can do nothing without
the content of the cliief men. The country abounds
in deer, hares, pbeafam«, partridges, &c.

Little Acron has a village on the co.ift towards the
middle of It, called Apain. 'I'liis village is very lit-
tle, and was always inhabited by lilheimen ; but, as
well as Acron, is well liluatid lor trade ) and if (ho
natives wcic more tractable, might become a popu-
lous town. It Hands a little way up a lalt livrr,
which runs jull below tiic fort, rifiiig about four miles
within land. It abounds both in lillt and lo.sl, and
is very plcafant.

Apani lies under a fmall fort, begun to be built by
the Dutch, in 1697. It is called Leydfaamheydr, or
Patience, from the great oppoliiion .riven thcin, when
building it, by the negros. it is fonilicd bv two
batterie.', mounting eight pieces ot c.nnnon.

I'he country of Augaina, begins at or about Monte

del Di.iblo, by tlic Dutch called Ruygc Hueck, (dil-

1' taiit

VOYAGES to rut

I'nf

tant about a league from thfi fah river of Acron) aftd
extends tlicncc eall along the (here to Aiiunfc in
Aqii.inbo, or Acr.i. On the north it borders on
Som^uay, and fuuth on the ocean, along which it
ftretchi s fifteen Kngiics.

The coaft from Corniantin to Monte del Diabloj
extends fouth-ea(t by eaft, about twelve leagues, thence
to Darcu, nine leagues, and from Barcu to Acru ri-
ver, nine more.

The country eaft of Coecks Broot-Hill, is low and
flat to the fea, b..-t hilly in land. Some leagues far-
ther to the eaft, it is woody, and the land dry. This
country has the advantage of a very fine, large, frclh
water river, abounding in oyfters and fifli, and the
banks of it furniflied with monkeys ind baboons, as
large as any in Guinea.

The country of Augwina is as fertile and pleafant
as that of Acron in all rcfpeifls. The people, who
arefifliermen, arc bold, warlike, and verfed in work-
ing gold and filver. In our author's time, (1682)
it was governed by a woman of great courage and
wifdom, who took the title of Qiieen. She was
about thirty-eight years of age, and, to pTeferve her
power, lived unmarried.

Our author adds, that this is the fole kingdom in
Guinea, where thefupremepo«er is hereditary to either
fcx i and the next heir to the crown is her eldeft
daughter, her fons being fold for Haves, or fo ilifpofed
of as not to inteirupt this female fucceffion. This
daughter is early initiated in the fame political prac-
tice, having a gallant purchafcd for her feparate amufc-
mcni. The inhabitants live peaceably under this go-
vernment, feldom going to war. The Englifli had a
fmall f"'t here for fome '.imc.

A'Jgwiiia has ffveral towns and villages along its
coaft, as Dajow, Polder's Bay, Mango, Winniba,
Wiamba, or Simpa, Old Barcu, or Barracu, Jac-
cou, Innya, Lampa, Sutcamma, New Little Barcu,
and Coecks Broot, a high round hill, in form of a
fugar-loaf, two leagues weft from Acra. All this
coaft is dangerous with the breaking of the lea.

'I'he French fay Mount del Diablo, abounds with
gold, which after great rains, tlie blacks gather in
great quantities, as it is waftied down with the fands.
The Duch gave it the name of Ruygc Hoeck, becaufe
being high land, they often faw it at a diftancc before
they could reach it in failing from eaft to weft, the
■wind blowing conftantly here for the greater part
of the year at fouth-weft a frcfll gale, and the tide
fetting ac eaft, fo that it takes a long time to turn
it up.

We are told' of one Mr. Baggs, who, in 1700,
died at Cape Coife, where he was agent for the Kng-
lifti, and was intrufted with a more ample commif-
fton than anyof his predeccftbrs, for having informed
the African company of tills hill, and promifid to
dig gold or gold-oar out of it tor them. To this pur-
pofe he brought all forts of ncceffary inftruments
alongwith him, but for fome reafon or other did not
proceed in his dciign. An Englifli voyager w.as in-
formed, by a negro gold-taker, that he had feen this
mountain fmokc like a volcano ; from whence, and
being the haunt of rapacious wild beafts, they have
borrowed the name, and call it Devil's Hill.

Winniba, formerly called Wiamb, lies five leagues
beyond Apam. It is a fni.ill town, confifting of not
more than twenty houfcs. Round it are pleafant
fields, inclofcd with gone! hedges, ••'nd full of Indian
corn and good grafs. This country lying low, about
a mile from the town, towards ths inland, are many
large lakes or ponds of water, on whole banks are
many Guinea hens, with great variety of other fowls,
and abundance of wild dter, which range tlw plains
aboi t thefc lakes.

Winniba fort ftands on the afcent of a hill, in the
jutting out of the (.oall, agrcfibly fcatcd among trees.
The Eiiglifh fr.i^ory being a double ftone houfe,
was ranficlccd by the blacks in 1769, and the factor
h.id much ado tofave his own and his people's lives,
tftaping by night to Caps Corfe, where he landed

much wounded and cavereJ with blood. Thii pLcr
is eafily known from fea, by the two Knglilh ho.il.'s
yet ftanding, without any roof on the liiore, ab;>ut
200 pates from Winniba!

This Winniba is a l.irge, fquafc fort, with four
flankers, all built of ftonc and lime. It mount*
eighteen guns, and has commonly twelve v\hitt>,
and twenty-eight Gromettas, with a fuitahle tank or
ciftern for water, and a (lave houfe for ico noi>ro«.
It ftands 120 paces from the fea, within three niili-<»
of Shido to the weft, and thirty-fix miles fiom Acta
to the eaft.

Winniba Tort, is oh the fame plan and dimcrfions
as that at Tantuniquerri ; nor is the landing place
any better. It ftands on a rifing ground about four-
teen yards from tlie fea, having a liandfonic avenue i.t
trees- up to the outer gnte. It has alfo a lai[;,c (pur,
which contributes much to its ftrenelli and ufe, be-
ing afafe place to I'ccure their caftfe at ni^lit froia
the wild beafts. There are alfo good gardens.

Barracu, or Barcu, lies on the coail fix leagues
eaft of Winniba. It is fituatedon the top of a hill,
where the French ufjd to trade. Here the languagry
which is the fame as on the gold coal! hithert<s be-
gins to change. The natives are ingenious, not
only melting gold, but in working it into chains and
jewels. They alfo brew a drink not unlike our fnialJ-
bcer, w hieh they call Pitow. Poultry are more plen-
tiful and cheap here than on all the coalt. 'I'hty ha^
alfo parroquets in abundance. 'I'hey buy much iron
from the Dutch, which they know how to work wtiJ,
and make all kinds of arms or weapons for themfi-lvc
The trade is now removed to Acrn, where iliev g<*
in their canoes to buy what goods they wnnt. I'hc
land between is low and flat, remiirkabic for a brckea
tree in form of a gibbet, which the iicgios ngarJ a
a fetifli.

Barcu is the chief town on the Aii:v.v'«i' co.ilf, anj
it is a proper pl.ice for a f.iclory or fovt lor trade, the
land bein;; pleafant ami plentidi!. Tliis country WJ4
formerly in the Englilh intereft, by contract with ihe
queen thereof} b.:t the Dutch cncroacluJ m as r:»
make a fettlcnient at Barracu, where thcv haveereiiLJ
3 fmall triangular fort of twelve guns. Their chiif
at this place, in 1706, look ftvtr.il Fnglifti go<i.ls
from the traders, telling them he would always <lo io,
if they bought from the Englifti; but Sir D.dby
Thomas the governor, recovered them.

While the Portuguefe prevailed on tliis co.ii>, tho
French traded here, which is the reafon v/hy the
blacks remember fo many French words, efpcciallyof
the Norman dialeift. Here are as many pariuquets u*
at Annamabo.

Little Barcu lies about a league and a half eaft of
Barracu, on a fmall river.

All thefe places of Acron and Augwina, are well
icated for trade, if they are not a: war with their
neighbours, tor when they are, little gnid, and few
flaves is to be had. The Acra blacks come down this
coaft to traflic, when thcv hear of ftiips tiiat li.ive
good cargoes, fuch as old ftiL-et'!, Co.fvall linen,
bugles, iron and hrandv. A ijooJ fl.'.ve lells licie, as
they do all along the coaft, for a beiiiJ.i, that is, two
ounces of golil.

The kingdom of Acra, or Acara, is tributary fo
the king of Aquambo. It is bounded on the weft cf
Augwina, from which it is feparattd bv a fmall ri-
ver. To the north it has Ahoura and lionu, to the
eaft Labaddc and Ningo j and to the foutli the ocean,
being 16 leagues in compafs, and almoft rounii,
fcar«ely two leagues and an haU' lying on the
fea.

This was formerly eftecmcd the laft kingdom on the
coaft, becaufe they found no gold beyond ihe river
Volta, which bounds it to the eaft. It lies fif (ten
leagts to the eaft of Cormantiii.

Acra was formerly a kingdom, but its ^hliabiiants
were conquered by their inveterate enemies the
Aquambos, and driven to a place called Little Popr,
which at prefcnt conuini llic great kingdom of A eri.

This

I727-]

boASTS AND ISLANDS OF AFRICA.

are wt!l

with their

and iVw

own this

tlillt ll.iVS

I lii\,'ii,
s hctf, as
at IS, tvva

■ibiitary to
: weft cf

fmall ri-
lu, to tiir
the ocean,

ig on the

This happcnwl in the year 1680 ami r68i, when the
country vrixt ruined, and reduced to a tributary
province.

The foil is a pile red, fat mould, producing little
or no fruit, and very few trees ; but it yields yams,
and fevcral forts of beans and peafe. 'I'lie country
beyond the flat is hilly. Near the European forts
arc numbers of remarkable ant hills, which may not
improperly bo called turrets, and look at a diltancc,
like the fait heaps in the Ifle of Rhe in France, at the
beginning of the Kerring feafon.

The land from the fliore, to about tliree leagues in-
land, is pretty level and even, and is a good fporting
country for hares, rabbits, fquirrels, wild boars, red
and fallow deer,, wild goats, pintado hens, and other
fovi'l. What large and fmall cattle they have, are
brought from Labaddc to the caft. Here are fucli
plenty of hares among the (brubs, which grow
thick, that the blacks kill them with fticks, and the
Europeans take them with fpaniels. In this country
there are more lions, tygers, muflc-cats, leopards,
and other ravenous creatures, than in any other parts
of Guinea.

Here are thofe deer, which are not above eight or
nine inches high, and whofe legs are not bigger than
a fmall pick-tooth quill. The males have two horns
turning back on their head, two or three inches long,
without branches or antlers ; tnefe are crooked, black,
ind fliining like jbt. Nothing can bo more tame,
pretty, or fond, than thefc creatures j but they are
fo tender, that they will not bear the fea, and what-
ever care could be taken, none have been yet brought
alive to Europe.

Acra contains many large towns within land,
of which Great Acra is the chief. Little Acra is
the middlemoft of three maritime villages in this
kingdom ; the other two are Soco to the weft, and
Orfoco to the eaft, each under the cannon of an Eu-
ropean fort. At .Soco is the Englifh fort James j at
Little Acra, Crevccoeur, belonging to the Dutch ;
and at Orfoco, the Dania* fort, Chriftianlburgh, all
three reckoned inferior to few of thofe on the
toaft.

Thefc three fortrelTes are fituated in the compafs
of lefs than a league and an half of ground, each on
a rocky head land, advancing a little on the ftrand.
It is dangerous landing here, except at Acra, where
it iseafier at thefirft and laft quarters of the moon,
with the help of Bar cnoes.

Soco confifts of about one hundred fcattering
houfes, it having been much enlarged in i6g2, by the
acceflion of many families, who retired hither frcm
Little Acra, when it was deftroyed by the blacks of
Aquambo : fo that the year following, it became one
of the fineft and largeft on the Gold Coaft, fcated on
a level ground, regularly built. It lias a great trade
with the Englilh, to the pr«judlce of the Dutch.
Here ftands James Fort, alre.idy mentioned, belong-
ing to the Englifh.

Little Acra, about half a mile diftant from Soco,
was a handfome and commodious market-town, well-

foverned and much reforted to, before the Aquamlios
urnt it a few years fince, leaving fcarcly fixty houfes
ftanding, Fourri, King of Acra, chofe rather to live
here than at Great Acra, which is up the inland.

At this place the Dutch have a ftrong fort,
called Crevecueur, fituated about half a canncn-
fliot from Jame«-Fort, on a rocky head-land ; and
though boats and pinnaces can come dole to the
flrand in fafety, yet the landing is well defended by
the guns of the fort, and fmall arms of the garrifon.
It is iquare, built with four batteries, which, as well
sis the curtains, arc rock-ftone and lime, neither very
thick, nor very high : So that it could not ftand much
battering, and the Englilh from James- Fort, though
mueh fmaller, might foon reduce it to a heap of
rubbilh with their cannon. Within it is a large,
flat, fquare houfe, with a platform, and on it a turret
with a cupulo, on which the Dutch flag is difplayed,
as at all the forts oa the coaft, as foon as any fhips

appear at fea. The lodgings are neat and convenient
both for the oflicers and garrifon, v/liioh confifls of
fifteen whites i:n.i 25 blacks. It li.is a h.uuHbnie
gate towards tlu' ninth, overlooking the villuge of
Little Acra, and the rori.l to (ire.it Acrp. Thi^ gate is
Iccurcd by a corp>-de-gnrile and two b;iniers, but ha:l
IU> ditch or p.-.lilado bttirc, like the rell of the foils
on the coaft, none excepted. 'I'lie bliicks being
wlioliy ignorant in attacking ealllc, inake thefc out-
ward defences regarded as unneccflarv. It has 1 +
guns, and fome padercros, on the baUeries. The
jituation is fucli, that it enjoys a better air than the
other two forts to the eaft and weft of it.

Orfoco is not fo confidcrable as it has been, having
been deftroyed by the Aquambos, and tlic iiduiliitants
removed to I'opo.

The fort of Cliriftianfburgh was built here by the
Danes, and fo called in honour of their king. It
is a fquare building, ilrcngthcned with four batteries
and twenty guns. It appears very beautiful, looking
like one continued battery, as in ctfecl it is ; for tlic
roof being entirely flat, the cunnoii may conveniently
be planted on all parts of it.

In l67(), it was governed by John Ollricks of
Gluckftead, a worthy man, whom the blacks mur-
dered at the inftigation of a Greek, who lived Come
years under him. This villain fonn after (old the
place to Julian de Campo Barttto, formcily governor
of St. Thomas, for about 7.7.4. pounds.

The Danes at Frcdericklburgh, near Cape Corfc,
folicited the reftoration of the places and liion aftcr^
1682, redeemed it for a fum of money, rcfeltling their
trade here, which they polleired till the year 1603,
when the blacks furprifed it in the follov. ing man-
ner :

The Danes ha'' comhiitted fome infults on the
king of Acra, who ftudied revenge, and took the op-
portunity of the weaknefs of the place, by the death
of feveral of the garrifon. The king obli rving that
the Danes had great confidence in one Alicmnii, a
blacK, who had great intereft in that countrv, and
procured them much trade, engaged liim in the de-
llgn. Accordingly, AlUmnii made the DaiiKh go-
vernor believe he would bring him a confulerable num-
ber of merchants at once to buy arm«, advifing him to
raife the price. On the day appointed, AiUnimi
brought with him So blacks, whom the Danes ad-
mitted into the fort, lufpeiiting no treachery. When
the blacks had agreed for the arms, and paid the price
in gold, they loaded their mufquets with powder and
ball, as if to try them, but fuddenly fell on the ear-
rifon, which confiftcd of about twentv-fiveor tlilrty
Danes, who prefently yield.-d the fort. ' They imme-
diately difperfcd the Danes up the country ; after
which the king of Acra and the blacks ftripped the
fort, taking a booty of about 7CC0I. The fore was
given to Aftcmmi, who garrifoned it with his blacksj
fettlinsc in it, and trading with all tb.e European
(hips which conic there, to great profit.

I'he conqueror kept poflKTiun till two Dnnifh
(hipsarrivcd on the coaft; to which, by merns of a
very confidcrable prefcnt to the king of Ai]u:in;bo,
butmoreby theDutch interceffion,it was re- lelivered ;
but they were no great gainers by it ; for to gairi(<)n
the fort, they left their fleet (o poorly manned, that
they became a prey to tlie pirates in the fight of Gui-
nea.

About a century fince the king being gained by con-
fidcrable prcfents, which the Danes and Duteh made
him, to grant them a liberty ; at Hrft,thevafl^ed to build
each of them a ftorc-lunile to Uttle a Lu'lor in, under
the obligation of k\tn niaiks rf gild y.arlv for cacli
houfe. The houfes thus built, llic Dutch and Danes
never refted infinuating to the n.;inrs, thatwhereaj
they were continually e.xpofed to l!ie allliults of their
mortal enemies, the Aquambor, it would be for their
fafety, to admit thofe houfes t.i be turned into forts,
toprote<ft them and their families with thtir cannon.
By this means tliry prevailed to have thcfe places pul
in the condition they werci

Tht

:a^

Jl«

VOYAGES TO fMg

l'7»f

The Dutcli liclno; ihc firft who obtniiictl this privi-
lege of the k.in^ ol Acra, bi>ught u pi'(>|>er place for
a fort, wliich they built with a wnrc-li<uil'c uf rock-
ftonc, 6i feet Ions;, ami 24 broad. The floors were
planks laid 011 jc<ilts, and the rcof covered with tile;
all the buildiiif^s bciiii; enrompaflcd with bulwarks,
and the walls made with port-holes for guns. Some
time after the Danes, and at lafl the Kiiglilh, obtain-
ed the fame liberty.

The forts, on fome occaflons, have proved a good
refuge to the natives, efpecially in the year 1680.
when the king of Aquambo conquered Acra : for
had it not been for thefe retreats, few or none had
been left alive, or in a condition to carry on the trade
they now do, which is confidcrable, notwithftanding
a great number of families removed hence to Lay,
Popo and VVhidah.

At this place alone fomctimes more gold is received
than on the whole coaft befidcs : and its traffic would
be yet enlarged, if the jiegros of Aquambo and Akim
would agree, as they generally are at difference.
The latter pretending a feudal right over the former,
and demanding an annual trihvtc of them, which
thufe uf Aquambo will by no means fubmtt to ; and
the king, to fecurc his quiet, is fubtil enough, by fair
words and prefcnts, to fow difl'entions betwixt the
governing men of i'\kim.

The landing here is very dangerous, on account of
the faell. The beft anchorapc is oppofite to the
Danifh fort. The frcfli fouth-weft gales, which
blow here all day from May to September, (except
in the rainy feafon) bring in a violent fea, the tide
fetting caft, very rapid with the wind, fo that fliips
work hard on their c.ibles.

In the wet ft jCdii, the tiJc fits as the wind and
moon lulc it. I'ur two or three days before and after
the new and full moon it fets to the weft, as it does
alio after it has blown hard at north-e.Tit, and caft-
iiorth-ciift, and the wind returns to fouth-fouth-
wtll, or fouth-wid ; when tide for 24 hours will run
upwards a^aiiift the wind, as has been experienced,
lying before C.ipe Corfc, Annamnbo, Cormantin, and
Acra.

Next in order beyond Accra, is Labadde, but fo
fmall and inconfiderable, (being only four leagues in
circumference) that it fcarccdcfervcs notice, except
that it touches on the fca, between Acra and Ningo,
and that only for a league along the coaft. In this
fpacc lie the two villages of f )rfow and Labadde.
1'he hill is a large populous place, inclofed with a
dry ftone wall, fituatcd amongft fine meadows and
plains. The inhabitants of thcfc villages arc gene-
lally hufbandmen, tilling their ground, and looking
to their fliecp and f^ine, which they brih;^ from
Lay, and fattening tliem, fell them at Acra and other
places on the coail, to gocxl advantage. They make
laltof the fea-water for their own ufe, but the trade
is inconfiderable, here biing little gold. The coun-
try is governed by a petty king.

The kingdom of Ningo (which by the French is
called Lanipi, and, by the Engliflt Lampa, or Alam-
po) borders weft on Labadde and (Jroat Acra, at
Kgwira, enft on Snco, and iouth on the lea of Ciui-
iica, extending about thirteen leagues along the coaft,
front Labadde to Lay.

The prince of Ningo bears the title of King of
Ladingcour, though he and his fubjciSs are depen-
dants on the king of Aquambp, who rules them arbi-
trarily, punifliing the ftightcft faults with inftant
death.

The country hereabout is indifferently populous,
and fertile, but vny well ftoeked with cattle, as
(.ijws, hiigi, (lioe|i, befides chickens, ijcc. all which
• ledaiK lv)ii^lit up very cheap by the blacks of the
tiul.l C'jjII, to tranl'port to the upper coaft.

The remaining trade of thefe peuple confifts in
li.iv>., which .iri alfo bought up by the abuve-men-
tiunol iiLj^fos, Init moft of them tranfportcd hence
by the Ln^lifti, Trench, and Porlugiiel'e fliips. Simie-
ttnu'a the lUve trade here provci veiy ;ulvgiit.i;jeou!i,

efpecially about the village Lay; but whert th«!
inland counties are at peace, no flavci arc to bo
had, fo that the trade being uncertain, the Uutcli
only touch here in paffing, without any dcpendancc
on it.

Belides trade, the inhabitants employ themfelves in
agriculture and fifhing, the firft of which proves pro-
fitable i but the fifliery, efpecially that on the fea<
turns .It moft, but to fmall account : for the fliore
here is very high, and of very difficult accefs ; where-
fore it is fometimes not to be come at with fmall ca*
noes } but this is abundantly made up by the lakes
and rivers, which are very richly ftofed with good
filh.

The principal villages in this country are Little
Ningo, Tema, or Temina, Sinchb, or Chinca,
Brambo, Pompena, or Ponni, Great Ningo, Lay,
or Alampi, and Ucca, all barren places, and very
difficult to land at. I'hofe moft noted for trade arc
Sincho, Great Ningo, and Lay; though in 1680,
the Dutch had Tome trade at Tema.

Chinca or Sincho, lies five leagues eaft from A<rr«,
a place much refortcd to from the beginivinKof the
lalt century, when it was firft known to the Dutch ;
though now the inhabitants apply themfelvcs much to
fithing, to fupply the market at Spife, a large town
inland, for which they p .y no duty to the king. The
blacks here buy much linen, and feveral forts of cloth
for the country trade, as do all the blacks along the
coaft from hence to Rio Volta. Their language dif-.
fcrs fiom that of Acra. The land yields plenty of
provifions, and abundance of fine large oranges.
They fomctimes catch thornbacks here fifteen feet
long.

Great Ningo lies five Icaguescaft of Sincho, and like
that can fcarce be feen from the road j nor has it any
notable land-mark, except the high mount, called
Redundo, ftandingdue north of Lay, up theceuntry.
'I'his place has fometimes a brifk trade for flaves anil
KoKI, which is brought to the blacks of Ningo and
Lay from Quaco, a country lying above them to the
inland, abounding in that metal. The blacks of this
village, and the country about, drive a great trade of
cattle, which they fatten in their pafture grounds ;
and cither the Gold Coaft negros come to buy them,
or they carry them thither, or to Acra, where they
make thirty crowns of a bullock.

The town of Lay, or Alampi, is two leagues eaft
from Great Ningo, and appears from the road, at
Mount Redondo, bearing north -north- weft, fix
leagues uj) the country. Here is the beft anchorage,
the ground being fand, mixed with very fmall ftones.
This hill is very large, and fhaped like a fugar ■
loaf.

'J he fhore about Lay confifts of high, fteep cliffs
next the fca, in fcv^ral places rent afunder, and in
fume .idorncd with palm and other trees at fonic diU
tnnce from each other. Before thefe cliffs run a fine,
white, fandy ftrand, of a moderate breadth. The
town ftands on the afcent of a little hill, looking
towards the north, fo that few of the houfes can be
feen from the road. The inhabitants arecivilized and
fair dealers, but fo fufpicious, they will fcarce ven-
ture on board any Ihips, till lioftagcs are firft fciit on
fhore.

Alampi, which is a confiderable place for flaves ha*
been poH'cflcd by the African company for fome years,
having had a faiflory with five whites, tenGromettas,
and fmall arms. They made fome fteps towards
building a fort there, but the Dutch inlerpofcd with
the natives, and it has been difcontinued for fome
time.

When the Aquambo and Axim blacks are at War,
here is commonly a great number of flaves to difpofc
of, the prifoners taken on either fide being fold to tlie
Europeans. The Axim blacks carry theirs to Lay,
and the Aquambos, theirs to Acra, where they fell
them for cawris, or bujis, feyes, perpats, Coefvelt-
cloths, Silcfia-linen, bugles red and yellow, knives,
fiic-arms, powder, chintz, falampores.

7 One

\ the
to bo

Dutch '

idancc

:lvcsin
es pro-
;hc kit
,e (hote
whcrc-
nall ca-
ie lakes
th good

: Little
Chinca,
o, Lay,
nil very
trade arc
n 1680,

.m A«t»

igof the

Dutch ;

much to
rge town

ing. The
s of cloth
along the
juage Jif-
s plenty of
oiangcs.
iftcen feet

o, and like
has it any
nt, called
ac country.

flaves and
Ningo and
them to the
acksofthis
eat trade of
t grounds ;

buy them,
where they

leagues eaft

the road, at

- well, fix

anchorage,
mall Hones,
kc a fugar •

ftccp clifts
ndcr, and in
at fon\c die-
's run a fine,
:adth. The
tiill, looking
houlcs can be
;civilizedand
, fcarce ven-
e firll lent on

for flaves ha«
)r fome years,

nGromettas,
ftcps toward*
Icrpofcd with
lued for fom*

cs are at War,

avcs to difpofe
jing fold to the
theirs to Lay,
■vhcre they fell
)ats, Coefvelt-
cUow, knives.

One

mi-)

tOASTS AND ISLANDS OF AFRICA.

5'3

One Santi, a famous black, ufcJ to manage this
trade by the king of Lay's appointment, fettling the
price ot flaves according id th'.ir f.x and age, and alfo
of European goods : tiicn hoftagcs being given, he
fcnt the flaves on board by degrees as they came down
from the inland country to the town, and received the
goods in proportion to the flaves delivered ; fo that a
Inip was often fiiiniflicd with 4 or 500 flaves in a
fortnight or three weeks.

The French, Englifli and Portuguefc chiefly fre-
quent this coatt for flaves an,' provifions : however,
at fome times, when the inland country is at peace,
here are no flaves to be had, the trade being quite
uiicertniii.

The country of Ningo, Lamp!, or Alanipo, is
flat and low, populous and fertile, well ilored with
cattle; as coh>, fhcep, and fwiiic, befidcs poultry,
which are continually brought up there to fupply tiie
Gold Coafl. Tlitir f.fhcry is inconfidorable, tlie
ihore being high and inacceflible ; but the want of
fea-fifh is made up by the great plenty in the lakes and
rivers.

The people of Soco arc chiefly hufljandmen, having
no employment but that and fiftiin^', though their
fiflicry turns to little account on their co.ift" till one
comes to Acra. Very few of them are ritli, unlefs
it be the Lampi, Acra, or Aquambo-blaeks, a num-
ber of whom arc fettled amongll them, as well as at
Lay, Ningo, Sincho, and fo Co Pompcna, or Ponni,
well ward.

BefiJis the four villages before mentioned on the
Soco coaft, there are t'everal hamlets and cottages in-
termixed between them on the fliorc, but not of any
note. Some authors reckon this country a part of the
kingdom of Lampi. The maritime port of Soco is
flat and low, rifuig gradually inland, and very

7 'y-

d.i V'olta was fo called by the Portuguefe for
"N i lurfe and reflux. Its fourcc (according to
>' 11 Jem author) is in the kingdom of Acam,

' .1; ■: '^ foulh on tliat of Gago, in nine degrees
north latitude 1 running thence through the country
of Tafou, in which are faid to be mines of gold, and
fo dowi vards fouth ilirouu;h Q^iaco, Aboura, Ingo,
and otlici places. The coaft about it is flat and low,
but up the land it rifes into hills, and very ftccp
mountains. The (hore is bordered all along with a
fine, large, fandy ftrand, forming fever.il little bays,
having nine fathoms water about a Icagu,; out to fca.
The land is pretty open for fome miles on cither fide
of the river, from whence may be fecn a great number
of palm-trees placed at equal diftances. Fiie country
farther up, is all woody, or covered with flirubs and
bufliy trees.

'J'his is a fine wide river, difcharging its waters fo
violently into the fta, that it is fometimes vifible three
or four miles from fliorc. How far it extends its
couric inland, the author knew not. The great
freflies, carry down continually great numbers of trees,
which flicking fall in the mouth of the river, occa-
fion a very high furf of extraordinary violence, as well
as lotty agitation of the waves ; fo that this place is
paflable witii canoes but twice in the year, and that
is ufually betwixt April and November, the weather
being then calm on the coaft, which generally is juft
before the rainy fcafon, when the reflux of the river is
not fo fwifl. : but after the rains, it is not poflible to
perfuaeic a negro to venture, tho' they arc conftantlv
ufed to pafj in boats along fliore, which here, by
reafon of the above mentioned furfs, they cannot do.
In efleiil, the River Volta is remarkable for the rapi-
dity of its ftrcam, making a very great fea upon the
bar; and carrying itfelf off for fome way unmixed :
at two leagues dlftance it is only brackifli. From
hence begins th- Papou (or Papo) Coaft, low and
woody. Having thus j^iven the reader an account of
the principal places in Guinea; wclhall now proceed
to clofe our voyager's narration.

On the 20th of April 1727, they embarked from
Wiiidah in the following manner ; their canoe lay on
Vot. I, No. 44

the beach with her head to the fea, and tliofc who were
paflingers ftepping in, fiit down in the fore part, be-
caiilc the alter part ii for the canoe men to ftand to
their paddles, being commonly 1 1 or 13 in number.
\Vhen they v/cre fixed in their places, the ncgros took
hold of the canoe, md having watched an opportunity
ran her oft' on the back of a wave; when leaping in,
they handled their paddles fo dexlroully, that, before
the return of the next wave, they had pufhcd her out
of danger of the fhore breakers. 'I'liis was noi a'l,
for about 30 yards off" is a bar, where the fea u.-aks
more violent than on the fliore : however, they got
over this, on the outfide of which, 40 yards dillaiit,
lies a third bar, the moft dangerous of all. Uetween
thcfe two rows of breakers (which roared like thun-
der) they lay by on their paddles near a quarter of an
hour. At laft the men feeing a great wave break on a
fudden, made a pufli towards it, and darted their canoe
quite through the fuccecding wave, which being
pretty fmall, only wetted them a little, and thus ef-
caped the ftiarks, which followed tlicm in great num-
bers and got fafe on board.

The next morning tlie ?.!ft at day break, they
weighed from Whidah, intending for Prince's Iflu
to wood and water for Ihfir voyage home; and,
on the 8th of May, arrived at that harbour. Ilett;
they bought up what frefli provifions they could get,
at a dear rate, took in water and wood, and careened
their fliip. The i6th they departed, and, on the 7.0th,
crofTed the line, and paid as ufual, The 23d they
defcried Cape Lopez In one degree fouth latitude,
being the laft fight they had of the African fliore.
Hero it was Sir Chaloner Ogle fupprefliid the famous
Pirate Roberts, for which he was knighted. Mr.
Smith faw fevcral of his followers hanging in chains
at Cape Coaft.

When they had run down about four degrees to the
fouthward of the line, they came into the true fouth-
caft trade wind, and fleered away vveftward, near 400
leagues in fouth latitude : after which, they ftiaped
their courfe north-north-wc ft, crofling the line again
on the 5th of June. The next day they fell into the
alternate calms anil ftorms that are always near the
line at thofc times of the year, efpecially between the
north-eaft and fouth-eaft trade winds. At length,
however, they got fairly into the true north-ealt
trade; and with a good gale, held their courfe about
north-north-weft, till July the ift, when being in
thirteen degrees, nineteen minutes, north, their fliip
fprung a leak : finding (he made more water thani
their pumps could difcharge, they were under no fmall
apprehenfions, being fo far from land, and h.ivi:iT; no
fhip in company : however, thccaptain afteradii'(>;cnt
fearcli, at laft difcovered a linall leak clofe up by her
ftcrn, about a foot under water. It being impoifible
to come at it on the outfide, on account of the ftiip's
dipping or pitching under water, they removed part of
the cargoc, which raifcd her bow a little higher out
of the lea, and confcqucntly eafed the leak.

However, as it ftill continued, they rclblved to bear
away before the wind, which they found much relieved
the ihain the ftiip laboured under, fo that they could
juft difcharge the water with both pumps as faft as it
came in. They then conliiltcd what was bell to be
done, and according to the captain's propofal, agreed
to bear away for the Weft Indies, for they were then
in the north-caft trade wind ; {> that being in the
latitude before mentioned, a wcftcrly courfe would
carry them direilly on to Barbadoes. Their diftance
bv computation, was near 700 league's : however,
they refolved to do their beft to keep her .ibove water a*
long as poflible ; and for that end, afligncd each othei;
their rcl'pc(5t employments ; the captain and mate were
to take the helm four hours by turns ; one Mr.
Wheeler and the author were to cake turns to drcfs the
vii5tuals, and make hot punch for the men at the
pump, who were allowed three hall pints each, every
watch, to keep up their Ipirits ; for which end the
failors were divided into two watches, that after they
had been nine or ten days in this extremity, the men
6 Q. gr«»r

<4i^

iimni

tOYAGES +0 BHASIL.

^s^^

grew difcoiiMjed with exceflive labour, and began to
miirniur, though they hnd every day frefli iiruvilions
killed (or thtm : but they endeavoured to hearten
riicm as well a« they could by the hopes of foon feeing
Barbadoes. Their yawl, which was a good large
boat, was on deck, but their long-boat havine been
flowed between decks, fcveral were deflrous of having
her broug'it up, and the fails, mafts, and oars put on
board her and the yawl : alio all other ncceflarics :
fuch as compaffes, provifions, water &c. to be ready
to take their boats in cafe of the word : others were
very muchagainft the propofal, fearing fomeof their
men, who are now grown dcfparate, would take ad-
vantage of the night to run away with the long-boat
and leave the reft j which mutt have been attended
with the lofs of the (hip, it requiring all hands to keep
her clear.

On the i6t1i of July, three of their men, who had
the larboard watch from four o'clock till eight,
fainted away at the pumps, and were carried like dead
men ofT the deck ; which occafioned the ftarboanl
watch to be ca'.ud, before the bell rang for eight.
This drove them almoft todefpair. However, Mr.
Smith had provided fome breakfaft ; and, as they were
eating it, one of the men at the pumps leaped up,
and cried as loud as he could. Land! Land! running
about, like a madman, for joy. On this, neglcift-
ing their food, they looked out {harp, and plainly
faw the land, the moft ajgreeable profpciSt they had
ever beheld. This was July the i6th, at nine in the
morning, and proved to be the ille of Barbadocs.
At four in the afternoon, they anchored inCarlide
Bay, which was then full of (hips. The lame night,
Thomas Leake, Efqj the Royal African Com-
pany's agent there, came oft' to relieve their weary
nifn at tlie pumps ; and the next morning Mr. Smith
went on (hore to Mr. Leake's houfe. Soon after he
W.1S introduced, by his friend Dr. Warren, to his ex-
cellency Governor Worflcy.

Meantime, on the 17th, their (hip was hauled
along fide of a hull which lay in the bottom of the
bay \ and wliilc fome were employed in unloading the
goods into the hull, in order to heave her down and

fearch her bottom, the reft Jtept botfi pumps continu-
ally at work, which were now fcarce iibl.; to keep'
her above water,' though (he lay motioiifcfi in a fnioutn
bay.

While Captain Liringftone, Mr. Leake, and fome
other gentlemen, were one day abroad, the men
pumped out a fmall, half-confumcd young dolphin,
without either head or tai!,' being about three inches
and an half long, which the captain put intofjiirirs
of wine to bring home, being afl'urcd this little filli
had lain fome time in the leak, and kept out many
tons of water, to which they owed the piefervation
of their lives. In heaving the (hip ilown, keel out of
water, they difcovcred a large gaping leak, within'
two ftreaks of her keel, where (lie had left about four
feet of her (hcatliing. Tliey Itrippcd off all the reft
from that fide of her bottom, but found no leak of
any fignification, till they had ftripped the other fide,'
when they had found a few fniall onjs. H.T plank
was all found and good, nor did her feams want any
oakum, except about feven inches, whci'c the piece
of (heathing was loft.

Having refitted this vefTcI, they left B.ar'badots on
theiSthof Auguft, and when they had crolUd the
north-eaft trade, and come into the way of the vari-
able winds in latitude 29 degrees north, they met with,
brifk gales at weft and fouth-weft, which cariici
them at the rate of nine or ten miles an hour. Sep-
tember the 2ld, they came into foundings of fine
fand, eighty fathoms water. The 25th tliey made the
Lizard, and, with a fmart gale at fouth-weft, came up
the channel.

At day-break, on the 26th, they were .ibreaft of
the Ifie of Wight, when the wind changed to fouth-
eaft, and blew fo hard, they were obliged to bear away
for Portfmouth ; and though they made the proptr
fi;;nals, yet no pilot boat would venture off; howcvci',
their chief mate being well acquainted with the chan-
nel, undertook to carry in the (hip, which he fafely
performed, and at eleven o'clock they anchored in
I'ortfmouth harbour, September 26, 17-7, bavir.g
thus concluded their long and dangerous voyage.

S'Lt.

C^o

VOYAGES TO, AND SETTLEMENTS in BRASIL.

BRASIL was difcovercd by Don I'cdro Alvarez dc
Cabral, by accident, as we have already ob-
fervcd, in the year 15CO, and the difcovcry being
thought of too much importance to be neglecltd, fet-
tlemcnts were formed there at various times, and the
new colonies flourifhed am.ir.ingly.

In order to facilitate thefe eftabliftiments, the crown
had rocourle to >he making very extcnilvc grants, to
futh as had either an in':lination to fettle there, or a
power of fending other«. Upon this plan it was that
fomeof the chief nobility had lands allotted them,
equal in extent to l^ortugal itfelf. This was to be
improved, and rendered valuable at the cxpence of
others.

John in. king of Portugal, in the year 1549, un-
jreneroiifly revoked thofe grants made by his pvcdecef-
li»rs to the original proprietors.

The fame year he fent over Thomas de Soufa, with
the title t f Governor-General of Brafil, who fetting
fail with a Hi-ct of fix mcnot war, carried with him a
great number of oflicerp, both civil and military j a
confiderable body of foldiers, and fix fathers of the
new order of Jefuils, to attempt the convctfion of
the Indians. He was invefted with an entire new plan

of power, adjufted according to the view of the
court, was ordered to build a new town in the bay of
All Saints, and to take the necefl'ary nicafures for
fecuring the colony againft its enemies.

He arrived in the month of April, and foon began
to execute his orders, making war upon the Urafili;ins,
building the town of St. Salvador, and monaOeries
for the Jefuits.

What this governor could not finifli, his fucren'or
Edward Acofta, faw com pleated j lo that in his time,
the number of towns as well as inabitants, was
doubled; he ftrengthcned the towns by raifing better
fortifications, a ffcp that became neccfiary, bccnufe
other nations began to think of fettling in America,
and (haring witli the Spaniard^ and Portuguefe the
advantages ariCng from the colonies.

Acofta demolifli'il the old f )itilications, which wcrr
of earth, raifed new ines of brick and ftone, and fur-
ni(hcd them with artillery. Nor was it long before
the expediency of this new method of fortifying was
jultified by experience, as the I'rcnch made more than
one bold attempt \< diftutb the Portuguefe in the pof-
feflion of this country.

In the reign of Henry II, of France, the aft'airs of

that

^5^^

iC^cl

^•OYAGES TO DRASIL.

5's

dial kiiiijiloin were 1:1 -""il lonfufion, the dilpiitcs
hot Ai-fn tlic Calholi^.■^ niij C;iluiiilts being carricil oi>
ro the utmolt lieiglit, which made numbers of people
tieiiruusol leaving iheir native I'uil, to feck an caller
ami more contented lituaiion in a diftant coun-
try.

Among thcfc wns Nieholas Dtirant, lorJof Vil-
legagon, and knight of Malta, who having fervcd at
fea with great reputation, was made vice-admiral of
Britany. Though this poft was rather honour;iMe
than lucrative, it created him To many enemies, and
he was fo ill treattd at Nantes, that he refolvcd to leave
the kingdom, and carry a colony into fomc diHant
part of the world ; and having received fomc toler-
able accounts of Brafil, he drew up a fchcme for fix-
ing a fettlement in that country, which he ptefented
to Gafper de Coligny, admiral of France, requeu-
ing his afliftance towards fitting out a fquadron for
that purpofe.

The admiral therefore repref?nted the affair in fuch
a light to the king, that he obtained permiflion to fit
out three large vcflels, which after having taken a
fufficient number of adventurers on board, failed from
Havre de Grace in the month of May, 1555, and
arrived at Brafil in November following, after a
troublefome and dangerous voyage.

At firft they landed upon a rock, which they found
uninhabitable, but marching farther within land, tlicy
fixed upon a very commodious fpot of ground, almolt
under the tropic of Capricorn, where they built a
convenient fortrcfs, to fecurc themfelves both againft
the Portuguefc and the natives, and gave it the name
of Fort Coligny.

When they were fixed, the Sieur de Villcgagnon
wrote the admiral a full account of his proceeding
and fituation : he defcribcd the country and its inha-
bitants : faid it would be no difticult matter to main-
tain themfelves there, and make it both a ufeful and a
thriving colony ; but remarked that fuch as were fent
over to him muft not cxpcft the delicacies of Kuropej
that they had no other bread but what was made of
a certain root ground to powder, no wine, much fifli,
and fome venifon ; and that people who could content
themfelves with fuch provifions, would find a fecurc
retreat at his fort in Brafil.

The admiral, on receipt of this letter, communi-
cated it to the famous John Calvin of Genevn, who
|)revailed on a dozen zealous proteflants of that city,
to engage in the defign of improving this new fet-
tlement. One Du Pont, a perfon of charai5ler and
good fcnfc, undertook the conduifling this affair, in
conjunction with two miniflcr^, Peter Richer, who
had formerly been a Carmelite, and William Cliar-
tier, both of them good men, but very great zealots.

Thcle let out together from Geneva in the month
of September, 1556, and went to Chatillon, where
they were kindly received by the admiral, and by his
afliltance, joined to their own intcred, they foon col-
Jetled 300 men, who embarked at Houflcur on board
three ftiips about the middle of November following.

They arrived at Fort Coligny on the 7th of March,
1557, and were received with great joy and fatisfac-
tion. But it was not long that things continued in
this ftatc, for the Sieur de V'illegagnon and the
Miniiler Richer, fell out about religion, and their Jif-
putes rofc to fuch a height, that he drove Richer and
all his adherents out c>f the colony, upon which tliey
failed up the Rio Janeiro, and eftablifhed themfelves
upon the continent, where they remained about eight
months, and then, being weary of the country, returned
to France, where they did not fail to rcprefent the
Sieur de Villegagnon in the blackeft colours, as an
apoilate and hypocrite) on which the admiral, who
had no other view than fervingthe proteftant caufv by
this ellablilhmcnt, fiitding the end not likely to be an-
fwercd, determined to give himfelf no farther concern
about it.

The Sieur de Villegagnon finding himfelf thus
abandoned, loft all patience, and taking the bcfl mc-
Niods he was able for the protection of the colony in hi'i
7

abfence, he returned to Fmncc, where lie piiMiHicd
an apology for his own conduifl, in wli'h lie p.iiiitiJ
the minifters in as bad a light as they hail placed liini i
but finding no gu(,d conl'equencts arofe from this pro-
ceeding, he retirid to a coiiir.nnJary of his own or-
der, and fpeiu the red oS his days in writing agalnil
ihc Proteftants.

The Portuguefc in the mean time, feizcd tliis op-
portunityj to rid themfelves of tlieir new ncighbouis,
and the very next year, Emaiiu.l Sa, tlien governor
of Brafil, cut off the French that were left behind,
and deftroyed their fort.

After this the Portuguefc continued to enjoy their
fcttlements quietly for a cunfidernble time; till .it
length, a French Captain, named RilF.iut, whrj had
been cruiliiigon the Spaniards, happened to touch ac
the ifland of Marignan, on the Coad of Brafil, and
contracted fo great an intimacy with the Indian Chief
of the ifland, that he invited him to bring a fufficient
number of his countrymen, to fix a fettlcment there,
which he afTurcd him would turn out to good accounr,
and that he would affift him to the utmofl t>i' his
power.

The French captain readily embraced tliis offer,
and rctutning to France^ he, in the year 1549, found
means to fit out three fhips, fu efuCliMlly, tli^t theic
was juft grounds to hope for cxtraordimiiy lucccfs
from the expedition : but before he could le.ich the
intended ifland, his men mutinied feveral times, and
on his arrival on the coalt of it, cither by accident,
or by quarrels among his people, the largcll of the
three fhips ran on fhore and was loft, which obliged
hiin to return to France, but Ibme few of his people,
among whom was M. de Vaux, chofe to tcnuin
with the natives, who gladly acceptcil their company.
In the mean time the IJrtch refolvini! to come in
for a fharc in the new fettlcment equipped a Itrong
fquadron, under Admiral Willikins, and entering-
the Bay of All Saints, took St. Salvador,, the capital
of Brafil ; but Philip the fourth. King of Sp;iin and
Portugal, caufed a large fleet to be fent out, which
arriving fafe in the bay, found the town already
blocked up by a land army. The garrifun mutiniei
and the governor was obliged to furrender.

However, the Dutch determined not thus to aban-
don their defign. In 1630, they again mide good their
footing on that continent, though not w ithout fouie
ilifficulty : the town of Olinda was now in pdFi ITinn
of their countrymen, but clofily blocked up by thr
famous Albcrquerque. In the mean. time Admiral
Pater was informed that a Spanifh and Portuguefc fleet
was at lea.

The Dutch admiral had but fixtecn vi flels ; but
jealous of the honour of his country, he was deter-
mined to fight at any rate j and therefore refolved not
to wait for, but meet the enemy, which he accordingly
did, in fix degrees fouth latitude. As foon as they
appeared in fight, the Dutch fleet feeing how unequal
the difpute was likely to prove, ten of thtir captains
bote away, and left the admiral with fix fhips only,
to fight an enemy of almoft ten times his number.

Admiral Pater had two flags under him, \yho, to
their immortal honour, were two of thofc who flaid
with him; fo that to fix fliips there wcie three
jidniirals.

The engagement was long and bloody : feveral of
the Portuguefc vcffcN were funk, and it plainly ap-
peared, tliat if the othuf ten fliips had ftaid, vicTory
would have declared for the Dutch : but at length
Admiral Thys, in the Prince William, was funk,
and not long after, a Portuguefc man of war Jicharg-
ing a broad-fide at the Dutch admiral, a ball fell into
the powder-room, by which the fhip was blown up,
and that bravc man loft. On which,' the four Dutch
fhips that remained retiicd, but did it with fo m'lcK
courage and addrefs, that they not only arrived fafe at
Olinda, but likewife cai i.-l oft a Portuguefc man of
war they had taken.

On Admiral D'Oqucndo's ariiving on the Coaft of
Brafil, he contented himfelf with findinij refrcfh-

men:i

VOYAGES TO B R A S I I,

F'53».

incuts ami r^lnf(>rccnirnts to the army of Allicr(;iicr-
liui', l)ut nuilf nil iiiifiHpt ag.iinll t'lic city of Oliiid.i,
iiiid coiilciinriiily Iclt ihlni^s little bittirth.in he found
tlicin ; which he cxciifid from the great iofs lie hiid
fu.Tercd in b.ittl,', anuniniiii^ in the whole, to no Ids
thin thirteen f.iil, taken ami funic.

In tho month of Oolohcr, he lit fail for I.ifljiin,
but in his palV.i^e nut with fmir Dutch men of war,
who did not hefitate to attack hitn, lhoui;h he had
ilill 40 fail, and inoft of thorn large fliips. IVOquendo
in tliis en^^agcment, lotl the captain of his o«n
Ihip, and twenty-two other captains, bcfiJes his vicc-
aJniiral, three men of war, two frigates, and about
fcvcii hundred private men ; fo that he carrkd home
the remains of a fleet, unfortunate from the beginning;
and yet wi. 3ut any impeaclinitiit of his own
diariiilcr; the bl.ime falling entirely upon the
minilters, who had oblijjed him, notwithHanding his
jc:nonflrances, to fail, with ftiips which were not
above half manned or equipped. 'I'hc miniliers unable
to remedy this misfortune, declared thcmfelvcs will-
inj; to do all in their power to repair it ; and therefore
orders were given for providing a larger fleet, and for
equipping and manning thereof in a propner manner ;
the command of which, was given to IJon Fredrick
("e Toledo, who had acquired great reputation ; but
af;cr abundance of pains being taken, it was found
that nothin;; could be done that fcafon., and therefore
it was deterred till the following fpring ; when it was
detcriiiined to fend fucli a force as IhoulJ put an end to
the war at once : hut as it was far c.ifier to projeil
lino fchemes, than to execute them j fo, notwithfland-
ing this famou"! admiral aflually pricccdcd on his
voyage with a large fleet, every way well provided,
yet he crtciled fo little, that authors have not even
recorded the particulars of what he diil.

From this time the Dutch arms w.-rc very profpe-
roui in Braftl, and the amazing fuccefs they meet
with was fuch as to induce the natives of Siara, one
of the mod northern captainlliips to declare for the
Dutch, and offered to aflift them ai;.iinft the Portu-
guefe, upon a promife of being left to the enjoyment of
their freedom : whereupon a body of troops being fent
to join them, under C'^pt. Gartman, he, « ith the af-
(iitanccof aBrafilian prince, reduced thatwlioledilfiliif.

Count Maurice now refolved to put in execution
the repeated orders he had received from the Weft
India company, for attacking St. S ilvauor in the bay
of All Saints, which was cftecmcd the capital of
Bralil : wherefore he embarked all the forces he could
eolleft at Oliniia, and on the Sth of April, i6<S.
landed with them in the bay of All Saints, thin!;ing
to have furprifed the Portuguefc : but the count dc
Banjola, being in the neighbourhood with a fniall
b'ldv of rcgiil.ir troops, threw himf;lf into tlic place,
though the govern )r of it w.is his enemy j and it w.is
«:n the cniiiitv fubfifting between them that count
Maurice founded his hopes of fuccel's.

Count Maurice attacked, and without much ditli-
culty made lii;nfelf matter of the ftrong fort of Albert,
that of St. Bartholomew, and the famous caftle of St.
Philip. This fuccefs encouraged him to creel two
bitttiies, to r.'tack at the fame time Fort Rofes,
vvhirli covered the city on one fide, and a horn work,
wb.ich wa? its principal ftrcngth on tBc other. Be-
tween thcfe tlieie wa~ a piece of grounil covered with
flirubs ard bufhcs, where count Banjola advifcd the
governor to poll hii'il'Jf with four hundred men,
w hile he made a f.'.'.ly. This had the intended eftc^fl ;
(fy! after an obliinate difpu'.e, the Dutch, endeavouring
to retiic iliiougli that peace of ground; were Jttacked
in the rrar ; ami beliJe- three hundred of their bcft
men, loll, four officers of dillinifion, and their principal
engineer; upon whiih Count Maurice abandoned the
caitles he h.id taken, ;i;-.d mad: a hafty reWcat.

The Spanifli government having in the mean time,
received an exact account of the llatc of aflairs in Bra-
fll, came to a lefulution of repairing their late niif-
takes, bv fending thither fuch a fleet and army, as
ftiould eftecfually put an end to tlic war, by oblij-ing
the Dutth loubaiicoii iill their conqucfts.

However the vigilance of the Count >'t l.u Torres
w.as fuch, that he put to fca with a flttt (.f ninety fail,
large and fuiall, with liooo nuu on board, in the
month of J.miMry ifi^o.

Count Maui ice, on the other hand, having ailim-
bled 41 men of war, waited for the inemy w ithin louc
miles of Olinda under the Count, this laft fliet wa»
commanded by \Villiam Loos, a Dutch admiral of
diflinguifhed bravery. The fleets meeting on the 12th
of the fame month, between the ifland of Tamara
and the river (jojana, fought from one in the afternoon
till night; the Dutch in this engagement loft four
men, one of whom was their Adniiial Lcos ; but he
was replaced the next day, by Janus Huyghens, who
engaging the Spaniftt fleet a feconil lime, obtaincit
confiderable advantages.

At length after many ftruggles on the ijihof June,
1641, they figncd a league oflx-nfivc and defenfivc,
regarding the dominions of both flatcs in Europe,
and a truce for ten years in the Eaft and Weft In-
dies : It was alfo Itipulatcd, that commiflioncrs
(hould meet in eight months in order to conclude a
definitive treaty of peace, and to fettle the pretenfions
of both parties ; but the Dutch took care to provide,
that if this treaty Ihoulil prove Incficdiial, the truce
and free trade between both ftatci fticuld Ifill conti-
nue j only the Portuguefc Ihould be rcflridlcd from
exporting any of the commodities of Brafil into Hol-
land, and the Dutch were to be under the like rell.if
tions refpciling the d»minions of Portugal.

Nevcrthclcis there were continual bickerings be-
tween the two ilates in this part of the world, till af-
fairs were reduced to the fituation which they now;
remain. The country difpiitcd being in pofltflion of
the Portuguefr.

The country of Brafil may be reckoned 2CC0 niilcj
from eaft to weft, and 2500 fiom north to fouth, tho'
even to this d.iy the Poituguefe have hardly pene-
trated 500 miles in any part of it.

The northern parts of the country, which lie near
the equator, art fubjciil to great rains and variable
winds, morcefpecially about the months of Maieh aiivl
September, when they were frcquentlv diflmbid by
molt dreadful hurricanes and tempt Its, which lajiiig
the country under w.iter, render it very luiwhol*-
fomc.

The part of Brafil which lies to the fout'', is one
of the fineft countries in the world, in every rifpciit :
but the Poituguefe dominions are but narrow in this
part, Iving bounded by the Spanilh territories on the
river of Plate.

The native Brafillians differ vciy little in fiatuir or
complexion from the Porttigucfe ; but th(.y jjieatly
exceed them in the ftrength, robultmfs and Mg(;ui ol
their bodies. Some of them lived on plain'^, fi me iii
vill.igc<, snd others moved from place to pl.tce accoid-
ing to their fancies. Their villages confiftcd only of
thi-ec or four large houfes, not unlike cur ban.s, in
which a whole family or tribe lived together, imJei die
authority of the eldcll patent.

From tlie time the Dutch abandoned Bt-if;!, th;
Portuguefc have fufleicd no (hips to trade thithir, ex-
cept their own, AH the trade of the five north- rn
captainlhips, viz. Paria, Maragnan, Siara, Rio
Grande, and Paraiba, is carried on at thclaft mentioned
port, which lies on a river of the fame name, at
the diftancc of about five leagues from the fea.

Paraiba is a fine and well peopled tow.-., and there
are annually fevcn or eight Ihips fent thither from Lif-
bon and Oporto, of the burden of 200 tons each.
Their lading confifts chiefly of fugar, of which they
make more in the northern captainlhips than in the
fouth : cfpecially finccthc difcovery of the gold mines
which has made the fouthcrn inhabitjnts negligent
with regard to cultivation.

The fugar of Brafil was the firft that was brought
to Europe, the Portuguefe having erefled their work*
in this country as early as the year 1580; and their
beinj;_fo long in polFeflion of it, has made them more
careful in the management of their fugar than any
6 Vthcf

15^7']

Voyages to drasil

5'/

cx-

h in
Rio

thcra
Lif-

rach.

thi-y

tlie

nines

igcnt

lUght

their

anjr

nther nation i To that even now the clayed Aigart
Irom Brafil, are finer and whiter than ours, and yet
l|je method of preparing it is no ftcrct.

They alfu bring woods I'ur the dyers ufet fcveral
kinds of drug^, precious ftones, and other valuable
I'.otnmodities from F.traiba, which is the Icalt fre-
(|ucnted port of Brafll | however, thefe northern
captainfliips arc belt peopled, and their inhabitant*
are eafy in their circumftances, though there has been
as yet no mines worked in thofe parts, notwithftand-
iiig fome Spanifh writers affirm, that from the appear-
ance of the foil on the fides of the mountains, it is
hijchly probable they arc rich in filver.

fhe Brafll tree grows in dry barren places, and
among rocks, is very large and thick, and the timber
is generally crookid and knotty. It bears flowers of
a very beautiful bright red, wnich have a very fra-
grant fmell, and inftead of hurting, as mod per
fumes do, it chcrilhes and flrengthens the brain.
Though the tree is very large, it is covered with fo
thick a bark, that when the Brafilians have dripped
it off, a tree as thick as a man's body, is left no
thicker than the calf of his leg. The wood is very
heavy, dry and hard; it cracks much in the fire, but
fcarceraifes any fmoke. That which is the thickeft,
foundeft, and hardefl, is efteemed the befl.

The Bay of Bahia, or as the Portuguefe call it, the
Bay of All Saints, is about 12 leagues over; but in
ieveral places is fcarcely navigable, on account of
ihoals and fand-banks. In this bay there are fcvcral
fmall iflands, on which the Portuguefe have planta-
tions of tobacco and fugar, and tliey have likewife
very good fithcrieson thecoaftsnf the iflands, and on
' the b<inks.

The city of St. Salvador is a fortified town. It
lies at the entrance of the bay in 14. degrees fouth la-
titude, and is at prefent the centre of the Portuguefe
trade in this part of the world. It has a very fine
port, which by a little induftry, might be rendered
more commodious.

St. Salvador is at prefent the feat of an archbifhnp,
and is divided into upper and lower. We fhall be
gin with defcribing the latter, in which reflde all the
merchants and people of buflnefs i and perhaps there
is not in the world a place of its fize of greater trade.
It liesat the foot of a hill which is extremely fteep.
There is in it a royal arfenal, befides the king's ware-
houlcs and magazines, which are large, well filled,
and kept in excellent order. There is likewife a very
fine yard for building of Oiips, which are not only
built here at Icfs expcnre than in Europe, but are
more ferviieabic th.'\n EurO)\.an veflcis, becaufc the
timber has the peculiar advantage of the worms being
unaWo to penetrate it.

Tlic up|>er town is fe.ited on the fummit of a hill ;
the houfes are Utt;o, and tolerably convenient ; but
the inequality of tlie ground on which they ftand,
fpoils their appearance, and renders the ftreets very
difaj;reealile. The greu fquare is in the middle of
the town, and the four fides of this fquare are taken
up with the viceroy's palace, the town-houle, the
mint, and other public builJini;'!, v»hich iire built of
ftone brought from Ponugal, this country producing
none fit for the purpofe.

AH other capiainOiips which lie farther to the fouth,
carry on their trade i-y the Rio Janeiro, lb called from
its having been dil'covereJ in the month of January,
in which is at prt(v-ni one of the moft coiiliderable

of tradc) as appears from llie numbir of (hipi Un-
thithcr every year from Portugal.

The king's tillli ot the (;(ilii returned annilally from

Brafll to Lifbon, is about ^oo.orol. llirlin^,, iothat

rivers in the world. The banks of it are as beauti
ful and plealant as tan be imagined ; the climate fine ;
the luil is f^ronjjly IVrtile, producing lugar, indigo,
tobacco and cottun, all ih great perfeiEtion. It has
been likewife found that European corn will grow
there with very litle trouble •, but on account of the
gold mines, this and all other improvements have
becndifcour.-.gcd, ihovii^h independent of thofe mines,
thisaniglii be londdfrcd as the richcll part of Brafil.
.•The city of .St. Scbaftian, is the capital of this
country. There are fveral other confiderable towns
on the Rio Janeiro, sll of which have a large fliarc
V-i,. I. No. 44.

the whole return is about a million and a half, to
which: if we add what is ptivaielv brought to Eu-
rope without paying the duty, and which i<exchan|.:ed
with the Spaniards for filver, we may very rralori-
ably fuppofe that the annual produce of the Urafillan
gold, is not lefs thnn two niillinn<.

The captainlhip of St. Vincent lies foutliward
from that of Rio Janeiro 1 it is bounded on the north
by the new captainlhip of Rio j on the fouth by tM
new captainlhip, or that called Del Rev ; on the
eaft by the ocean, and op the weft by the nicutains
of La Plata, and countries inhabited by various la-
vage nations.

The town of St. Vincent is fituaetd in a very fine
bay of the Atlantic ocean, and is a well fortifie<(
place. Not far from the north-weft lies the town of
Santos, which fome efteem the capital of the pro-
vince, and which is as fine a port as any in the Wefl-
Indies.

The captainlhip of Del Rey is the only one to thrf
fouthwardof St. Vincent. It extends from the lati-
tude of 18 to 34 degrees 30 minutes fouth, being
about 400 miles in length, but not above 100 broad
in any part of it.

Their method of reckoning up their age is fingular
enough, they lay by a chcfnut every year, beginning
the computation of the years with the rifing of ;l
ftar called Tacu, or the rain ftar.

Perfons of the blood royal are diftinguifhed by theit
hair cut in a particular form, and by long thumb-
nails, which latter is peculiar to the king, princes of
the blood being allowed long nails on tlieir lingers,
but not on their thumbs.

The people in the inland parts of Brafil acknow-
ledge a Supreme Being, whom they call Tuba, wliich
fignifies " Somewhat moft excellent ;" and they calf
thunder by the name of Tubakununga, that is, " a
noife made by the Supreme Excellence." They have
likewife fome imperfttl ideas of the general de-
luge.

With regard to futurity, thev are of opinion that
the foul does not die with the tiody, but is conveyed
to certain picafant vales beyond the mountains, where
they are to fpend their time in finging and dancing,
and toenjoy the greateft pleafures i but thefe rewards
are only for thofe who have difiinguiflied themfc1ve«
in performing great ai5)ion$ for the welfare of thcif
country, tit. On the contrary, thofe who have
lived an idle life, they fay will be tormented by evil
fpirits, for whom they have many diftcicnt names,
and of whom they are extremely afraid.

Thefe people have priefts among them, whom they
confider as prophetic inrtru6h)rs, and whom they
fail not to confult in all affairs of confequcncc, el-
peciallv thofe of war.

Brafll, as our author obferves, befides leopard-;, tv-
gers, and ounces, has fome animals peculiar to thft
country, of which the following arc the moft re*
markable.

The tapiroufTon, which though fomcwhat rcltmb*
ling a cow, differs much from that animal in other
relpciSls ; it has long horns of a reddilh colour, fhort
neck, and long hanging ears, fmall legs, and docs
not divide the hoof. Theflefh taftcs like beef. The
hide when dry is almoft impenetrable.

The cauti is fomewhat like a badger; it is cruel
and ravenous, and devours every creature it can maf-
ter, though its chief food is birds and their c^gs, and
young ferpents.

The porcupine is alfo a native of this country,
where it is called Kuandu ; it is about the fize of an
ape, with round, flaring fiery e^es. It is covered
with quills inftcad of hair. Its chief food is fowl.
The flelh of the porcupine is eaten by the Bra-
fil ians.

The Armadilla is fo called from bciiig completely
6 R covcrecl

-r2s_

*Kj«Aj>;i.../^i«j,.„.,

|.«

VOYAOkS TO GREEN LAND;

r'553

covered witli fcates )ike armour. 'I'hc lirnd is like
thut uf a hog, and it lu« a iharp nufc and a ('mail (harp
toiigiir, wicii (hurt ears ot a dark brown colour, it
fccdt upuii roots and alio upon all Torts ol carrion.

The fluggnrd (or fluth) is about the fize of a fox :
Its head is round, and its mouth is conftantly foam-
ing, its teeth is fmnll and blunt, and its nofe is high
and liiiooth, its body is covered with hair of an afhen
Colour. It fcarccly moves but by compulfion,
dwells on.tiees, ami hides itfelf from the approach of
rain.

The fenembi or land crocodile is common in Bra-
fil. Its flefl) is faid to taOe like that of a rabbit.

The tamendua or ant bear, feeds on thcfc infe(^s
Tvhich it is faid to catch by leaving but its long tongue,
till a number of them fettle on it, and then drawing
them in all at once.

Here are found variety of beautiful parrots, one fpc-
Cies in particular (called the Tuin) which though
Scarcely bigger than a fparrow, is perpetually talking
and Tinging, and will l«cd out of the mouth of theper-
fon who breeds it.

The bird called thcGuiranhcugctta is about the fize
of a Goldfinch ; its wings and back are blur, its
belly and bread yellow, ana it lias a diadem of yellow
feathers upon its head. It has the notes of many other
forts of birds, and makes fo great a variety of turnings
and changes in its finging, that it forms a pcrfeA con-
cert of itfelf.

Brafil produces a kind of bats of the fize of a crow,
which have very fliarp teeth, and bite with great
▼ iolence, Thefe build nefts in old walls, or in hollow
trees.

The bill-bird is about the fize of a pigeon, and has
a fafFron coloured crop about the neck, of three or
four fintfcri in compuTii. Its bill, which is Tull as
large as its whole body, is yellow on the outfide, and
red ivitliin ; and its feathers, uhich arc yellow on the
brcalt, and black on all other parts, arc tipped with
K'd.

There is a bird of a very odd appearance, called the
Barn-bird. Its bill is of a moil amazing length ; it
has a crown uf green and white feathers upon its
head, one half of which, together with liaU the
neck, has no feathers at all. It is about the fiz? of u
Aork, and when Ikinncd and boiled, is cftecmcd
tolerable good food.

Many mrts of wild fowl are alfo found here, which
differ but little from thofe of Kurop*. ^mong the
fmall birds, the Brafilian httmming-bird is the moft
remarkable, for though very fmall, it makes a loud
noife, and is of To variable a hue, that whatever way
it is turned it changes its colour.

Among the different kinds of fcrpents found in
Brafil, is the rattle fnakc, which is alfo common
among the Englilh fettlements, but the moft remark-
able is the guaku or liboya, a ferpent of a mofl pro-
digious fize, of a voracioHS nature, and will leap out
of the hedges upon men or wild beads. However it
is not fo venomous as other fcrpents, and the flcfh of
it is eftecmed tolerable food.

The gckko is a fcrpent of a ipoft venomous nature,
and the bite of it proves mortal, unlefs the wounded
part be immediately cut oiF or burnt with a hot iron.

The fcorpions of this country grow to a very large
lize, and their fling i; venomous.

The lizards of Brafll, which are about four feet in
lenatbt are eaten with liifeiy by the natives.

Amongfthc fpidcrs of this country, there is one fort
Of a remarkable large fizcj which is ufually found lit
dunghills, or the cavities of hollow trees. 'J'hcie
Weave webbs like other fpidcrs j and If provoked, they
wound with a ding fo fmall as to be feaicely vifibic,
and yet fo venomous, that it faifcs a bluifli fwcllinr,
which is extremely painful, and if not prevented by
a fpecdy antidote, will even prove <noit»l.

Among the vcgeubles of Hrafil,' is the mandioca
root, from which the Hrafiliuns derive a -{rent part of
their fubfidanccj for being dried, pouilercJ, and
afterwards baked in the manner of bread, it Tcrves Tor
the common food of the inhabitants of a good part of
America. This root is not unlike a parTiiip, is nearl/
the thicknefs of a man's arm, and two or three feet in
length. It has this peculiar quality belonging to it:
that when eaten frefli, it proves a certaiu poiTon to
the human fuccies i but vrhen roadcd, the eating of it
is not attended with the Icaft ill confcqiirnce ; and
though beads of all kinds feed and grow fit upon ir,
yet the juice proves pernicious to ilicm as well a«
men.

The nara likewife is very remirkable •, it bears a
rcTemblance to the fempervivum; but its leaves a r&
not fo thick and full of prickles. In the middle of it
there grows a fruit not anlikc a pine-apple, which has
Tomething of the taite of the melon, but is much more
delicious, and has a very fragrant fmell.

The pocaire is a ftirub of ten or tweire feet iit
height, the dem of which is confiderably thicker than
a man's thigh, and yet fo tender, that one ftroke of .1
Tword will cut it aTundcr. The leaves are like thoTc
of water forrel ; they are commonly fix feet in length,'
and very broad, but are exceedingly thin, niid hav»
only a rib in the middle to hold them together j on
which account they are fo torn by the winds blowing
them about, that they hang i.n rags, and thefe Thrubs
when Teen at a didance, look as if they were duck
with feathers. The fruit, which is called poco, is
.ibout the length of a man's hand, and like a cucum-
ber both in fliape and colour. The tafte of it refcm-
bles that of* fig, but its delicacy is far Tupcrior.

Here is alfo great plenty of .iiianas, or pinc-applcs,
which, when ripe, arc in this country, as yellow a«
gold, and of a very fine fccnt. Their tade is fu|x^-
rior to that of the richcd prefcrved fruits, and the
liquor drawn from them is as good as malmfy wine.

The pacoba, which is likewiTe called Adam's fig-,
tree, is very large ; the dalks are Toft and fpiingy, and
the leaves very long, fmooth, and Toft like velvet.
The fruit grows in cluders like figs, at about a foot
didance upon the main dalk, and one tlufter often
contains two hundred. The fruit being gathered
before it is quite ripe, and laid by to ripen, becomes
yellow, and acquires a pleafant tade.

Brafil produces feveral forts of palm, and other fruit
trees, likewife mulberries and dew berries, together
with woods of various colours.

In cffeii*, the greater part of this country is rcpre-
feotcd by voyagers as a paradife of nature, .ind well
worth the conteii which it To long occafioned between
two powerTuI dates. The Hortuguefe are at this time
fenfible that in carrying their point, they haregai>ncd
a moft valuable acquifition.

^jM/'

VOYAGES TO GREENLAND, with a DESCRIPTION
^ oftheWHALEFISHERY.

THE fame fpirltofdifcovery which animated the
Portuguefc, fpreading among other nations.
Attempts were made at various times for tliedifcovery
of a paflagc by the ii»rth-caft and north- weft to the
Indies.

Among the reft, the Englifli were, not backj|p»d.
In the year 1553* under the reign of Edivari^-lJ.
feveral perfons of confcquencc entered into n (bcie'ty,
whick Uiey called^ The Company for tba Difcovcry

•f

i6i8]

Voyages to Greenland.

S»9

of unlcnown Coiin(ric«'. The chief dirciflor of this
compnny, was the famous Scb:i(ll:m I'aliot, who
unjcr the rei;in of King Henry VII. firft ili (covered
the northern part of America i from whence in fome
antieni maps ^hat part is called Scbaftian Cahot'D
country.

'I"hi» cor pany equipped thrcu flilps, under tlie
command of Sir Hush Willouylihy, an En:»ll(h
kni);ht, aivl Richard Chancellour, vice -commodore,
with orders to endeavour to find out a pafluge to tiie
north-call through the Tartarean fea to China.

Thefc three fljips purfued their voyage together,
without any riniiler accident, till they came to the
lieighth of Wardhuis and Lapland, where Richard
Chancellour was feparatcd from the reft by foggy and
ftormy weather.

In the mean time Sir Hugh Willougtiby, after he
had been tolTi'd up and down for a long time, did at
laft (according to the diary writ by his own hand)
viz. on the 14th of Auguft, come to an anchor near
n country fituate under the yid degree, which country
fince has been ftiled in many maps, Sir Hu^h Wil-
loughby's country. From thence he purfued his voy-
iigc nlung thofe coafts, till the fudden approaching
winter obliged him to enter a certain harbour, there
to pafs the wi-^ter. At laft, he himfelf was found
frozen to death, with the crew of his two fliips, con-
fiding of 70 perfons, in an obfcure harbour of Lap-
land, called Arcina Kecea, being difcovered by fome
Rufinn finiermcn, who accidentally came that way.
His corps being brought home and honourably interred
In London.

The Englifli (hips trading to Mufcovy becoming
thereby acquainted with tho(e northern coafts, had ob
ferved a great number of fea-horfes in thofe fea.< : fo
that feveral (liips were fent out from England to catch
them, chiefly for their teeth fake, which were fold at
a very dear rate in Mufcovy.

It was in the year 159-}, that the Englilh fent the
ifirft time their fliips to ciitcli thofe fea-horus. They
landed in an ifland, called by the Dutch the ifland of
Rears J by the Englifli, Cherry-Ifle, from one of the
chief dirccffrs of their company. The fea-horfes are
in great numbers thereabouts, of which they killed
a gre.1t many, kept their teeth and made oil out of their
flefli. Which trade they continued with great advan
tage for fcveral years after.

But in proccfs of time the fea-horfes began to be
fhy, that as foon as they perceived any men they got
into the fca, which rendering the catching of thofe
beafls the more diiKcult, and fubjcA to great danger,
the whales began to be purfued by the indufirious ma-
riners.

In the year i6iz, the Englifli fent two (hips more
thither, who meeting with a Dutch veflcl which was
fent thither upon the fame errand, they obliged them
to return home without any booty.

The next fdllowing year, 1613, they purfued the
fame delign with more vigour than before : for having
obtained a parent from king James, forbidding all
others, as well foreigners as natives (except the Muf-
covia companies] to fail toSpitfliergen ; they equipped
fcven men of war, wherewith they chafed tnc Dutch,
French, thofe of Bifcay, and even the Englilh thcm-
fclves that were interlopers, from thence.

In the year 1614, the Dutch and Zelanders appeared
hear SpitlWrgen with eight ftout veflcis, under convoy
of four frigates of 30 guns each : fothat the Englifli,
who were but 15 ftrong,' durft not enter into difpute
with them at that time. The fame happened the next
following year, 1615.

In the next following two years the Englifh had the
better of the Dutch ; but in the year i6i8, the Ze-
landerscame with a flrong fquadron, and difputingthe
preferente with the En^ilh, plundered their (hips,
4fl^orced them to retre.it.

<J^Be c6nte{l betwixt thefe two nation^ continued
'riVihie years after, till both (ides being Weary of it,
' the palTag^ thither was left free and Ofea to all na-
tions*

Spitft)ergen is the moft northern p«rt of tfTc world,
which hitherto is come to our knowledge, being fitu-
ated betwixt Nova Zembia and Greenland, and ex-
tends from 76 to the 80th degree. It is called Spits-
bergen from its high and piqued mountains which are
fcen at feai Thele mountains are of a coarfe fanti,
intermixed with fmill flat Aones like our flates, and
ronfequently have no firm bottom.

The country itfelf is uninhabited, but affords three
feveral kinds of four leg'd bealls, vi/.. white bears,
not inferior in bulk and Itrength to our oxen, tiiey
live for the moft part upon the ice. Bcfidcs thefc,
there are likewife foxes here, grey, white and black j
and rcln-dcar, fomewhit fmallcr than a flag, but very
like them in (hape, and every thing elfe, only their
horns are not fo fn 00th. Their food is a certain
tjreen mofs, Inclining to a yellowifli colour, which
Iprouts out among the fand and ftoncs, being for the
refl not unlike that which grows upon trees. Some
arc of opinion, th.it deeper in the country there grows
fome' grafs : and probably there may be fome hot
fprings there, and perhaps alfo fome grounds not fo
much expofcd to the fnow, which affords fome fuftc-
nance in winter to thofe beafts.

In the beginning of June, when the foreign (hips
commonly make their flrfl appearance on thefe coafls,
the country all over (as far as one can fee) covered
with fnow i and the rein-deers are fo lean, that l\":y
can fcarce hang together ) but in fix weeks after, when
the fnow is melted away, they thrive to that degree,
that they have two inches fat on their ribs, I'hey do
not fly from men, hut rather meet them, and that fo
near, that fometimesone may lay hold of them, or at
leaft cannot fail to hit them with a gun ; at the noife
of which the reil difpcrfe, but return foon after to the
fame place.

The country Is exceeding cold ; and though the
whole fummer is but one continued day, the fun not
l^oing below the horizon for fix weeks together ; yet
IS this but a flender allay to the cold, which is there
the more fierce, the more clear the Iky appears, as may
be likewife obferved with us in winter-time ; the moun-
tains cfpecially ferd forth fuch cold damps as are in-
tolerable. The air is frequently foggy here, to fuch
a degree, that one cannot difcern any thing at the
length of a (hip ; fo that nothing but a thirfV after
lucre could induce mankind to cxpofe themfelves
to fo many inconveniences.

There are feveral kinds of whales in the frozen
fca, not _ to fpeak here of fome fea-monflers, which
are mentioned by fome upon the very credit of the
mariners who pretend to have feen them. The whales
may be conveniently divided into the white and black
ones. The black are again of two different kinds j
for fome have only one hole or pipe, and thofe are all
one fort 1 out of the head of thofe are taken the
matter which is called by the apothecaries Sp."'mu»
ceti ; others have two, and thofe are ,igain dtflin-
gui(hed by their different degrees of bignefs. The
biggeftkin'd is called Grand Bay; the reit are fubdi-
vided into five different forts, all which agree in this,
that they have no fins on their backs. There is one
kind which is never found without them, and for
that reafon has got the name of Fin-fi(h, but being »
fiercebeel^, and commonly very lean, is not fomuch
fought for. The white whales are fo called, becaufe
their basks are covered with a number of white cockle-
fliells.

Every nation has its own ftation or harbour, whera
they have fixed their coppers, huts, and other inflru-
ments, fitted for the boiling of the whale oil, which
are always kept behind.

The manner of catching and killing of the whal*
is performed thus : As foon as they efpy a wItaliJi
either from thb (hore or (hip, they put out three (hal-
lops, manned with fix men each, among whom i|
one, who being called the harponeer, is the perfon
who is firft to wound the whale with his hSrpoon.
Thofe th^ee (hallops row as faft as poflSble they can
after the whale> but m^ift be very cautioui thev do
5 • not

fAS

VOYAGES TO GREEN I. AND.

not come too near liis tail ) when they come prrtty
near hirn, iliiy .iru a* lili-iit, aiul iiuki: M little nnilo
wiih ihnr u.irs, as polUbly tluv can, tor fear the
whale IhuulJ lalcc to the buttoni ol' the lea. When
they arc near ( 'ugh, thcharpoiictr ii|° one of thcl'c
fliallops, who bJicvcs fiinikU lu I'tc within reach,
tliiuwt his harpoon at liini with all hit (urcc i this
harpoon is about three feet lung, having; on both fulet
hook) or notches to prevent its bcint; torn out again,
after it is once fixed in the body uf the whale ■, it has
a wooden handle, the better to balance it lur the con-
vcnicncyof throwing, and a line fafteoed at the end,
which being about two hundred fathoms long, is laid
in a vefl'uT in the fhaltop } for no fooner the
whale finds hinifcif wounded, but w't^ incredible
fwiftncfs he goci towards the bottoip pT^the fea ; fo
that the line finoaks, being lubbed againft the fide of
the fliallop, and would certainly take lire if the men
did not condintly pour water upon it. There i> alio
one whofu bufincfs it is to take care that the line be not
entangled : for if that <hould happen, they have no-
thing to do but to cut the line, or die it would over-
fct the (hallop. If they tind one of thefe lines fall
fliort, thole of the next fliallnp furnilh them with
theirs, which thev fallen to it: but all this would
(land them in little (lead, if the nature of this fifti
ucrc I'uch ns to abide long under water ; whereas after
he has run Ibme hundred fathoms deep, he is forced to
come up again to take breath, at which time he fends
forth fuch a terrible found throu,^li his pipes, that it
niuy be heard at half a league diilance, though fume
make a much greater noife than others. As foon as
the lilli appears upon the furfaceofthe water, theflial-
lops puriue him, beini> diredled by the line which
llicws them the way. The harponeer, who comes fird
ncarell to him, throws another harpoon into his body,
which makes him once more take towards the bottom,
but after he comes up again the fecond tim;, they
do not make any further ufe of the harpoons, but of
Certain fmall pikes, not unlike a lance, of which
there are two forts, throwing-lances and puOiing-
lanccs. I'lie throwing-lances refemble an arrow, and
arc ufed much in the lame manner, but have no huuks
at the end ; for they are thrown into the body of the
whale, and drawn out again, the intention ot which
is to tire the fxRi by lb many wounds, till they xlaic
venture at him with pulhing-lances ; for whilfl he is
in his full ftrength no body dares come near him, for
whatever he hits witli his tail and fins, he batters in
pieces, as has been feen fometimes in fome ihallops,
which have >een turn in flitters, and the men thrown
up to a great >. '.'ight into the air. Whcmtthey find
him almuft tired, and his flrength confiderably abated,
th^y draw nearer to him, and make ufe of the other
Jauccs, which refcmbles our pikes J with thofe they
wound him, but cfpccially near the fins, where this
creature is mull fentible ; and this they hold fo long
till they have hit his lungs or liver, at which time the
ii(h fpouts out a great quantity of blood through the
pipes, which rifes into the air as high as the maft ;
then they defift, and the fifh finding himfelf wounded
in lo fenliblc a part, begins to rage mofl furioufly,
hittctin;; the fea and his body with his fins and tail,
t:!l the fea is all in a foam; and when he ftrikcs his
fins a^ainft his body, and his tail at the waves, it may
be heard at half a league diflaiice, the found being no
kis than if n great cannon was difcharged. This
llriigijling affords fo agreeable a fpeflacle to the be-
JiuIdeVs, that thofe who have fetn it alTurc us, that
they could never b; tired with the figbt of it. Whilft
ll-c rthalc is making his lull efforts, the fhallops are
I'Dli'ed to follow hini fometimes for two leagues
toycilicr, till havhii; IcjH all his flrencth, he turns
upun oiie li.le, and as toon as he is dead upon his
b.ick J tl>c;i till y draw liim with roixis cither on fhore
.rl he he near SpitllK-r.^fvn) or elfe to the ihip, where
he i> kept fo long till (it: ries above the water; for the
6itt.il3|f hi: lies alniofl even with the fu/'face of the
wjui, the fecujid, he rills about fix or feven feet
afcuv- '.•■., and Wic third, luinctiines as bifih as the

fii'i

hides of the fhip. On board each Oilp there is onir,
whofe bufineft it is to open the fifh, who after heh-«
put on his garment fur that pnrpofc, cuts (>pen li.a
belly with a very large knife, which is not done vMtli-
out a roaring noili?, and an intolerable In. II lent loi tti
from the entrails of this beaft ; but iiot» itlilluiiiliii; ,
the man proceeds in this bufincfs, Icparaiing the flj'i
from the bones by pieces of two ur three hundica
weight, which arc conveyed thus either on fhurr, or
on board the vefTcl, where they are cut again in fmallcr
pieces.

The tail of this creature fcrveit for a hackinj-
blnck, being fovery nervous and flrong, that it ex-
ceeds any wood whatfocver for this ufe. Utinj thuH
cut into fmall pieces, thofe who have their leliJo-
ments at Spitfbergen, extra(^<i the oil imnicdiatrly by
boiling it on fliore, which being put tnlu baircl;., i«
thus tranfported lo the refpci'tive places to which tha
Diips belonf^. But thofe who want this coiivrnicncy,
and go only on board to catch the whaiK-s in tl^e opea
fea, are forced to put i^p thefe pieces in barrels, .which
they carry home, and boil them after the fame manner
as they doatSpitfbergeni but this i>of IclV value than
the other, as having a very difagreeable icent.

The whale, whcti full grown, is of a mod enor-
mous bulk, and produces befides Ipormaccti, many
puncheons of oil. Another valuabtu^art iithewhulc'
bone, which is fold to great advantage. I'his fifh i.t
viviparous, the female Diinging forlii her ycung lilK
quadrupeds.

Greenland is called that country Iving to the utmod
point of the north, which extends from fouth toeail,
from Cape Kare through the Marc Glaciale, or Fro-
zen Sea, as far as Spitlbergen atid Nova Zenibla.
Some are of opinion, that it joins to Great Taitary,
but without any certain reafon. To the eaft it borders
on the Frozen Sea ; to the fuuth upon the ocean i tu
the well upon Hudl'on's Strcights, by which it is Ic-
paratcd from America, and its bounds to the north
are unknown hitherto. Some arc of opinion that it
is on the fame I oiitinent with America, becaufe tlic
fuppofcd ftrciglus, called Davis's Strcights, have
fince been found to be no more than a bay ; but Cap-
tain Monk, who attcnnited the fame pafTagc, givci
us no great reafon to be'ljevc that it is fcparatcd from
America, as will plainly appear from his own rela-
tion.

A certain Norweigian gentlemen of confiderable
quality, called TorwaUl, and hii Ibn Erick, havinj;
committed feveral murders, were forced to fly to
Ireland. Torwold died foon after, and his fon Frick,
furnamcd Red-Hair, being of i turbulent fpirit, and
being profecutcd on the account of another murder
cunimitted there, went to fea in quefl of a countrv,
which lying weft off of Ireland, was called Guilder
biurn ; he was not long at fea. before he difcovcrcd
two promontories, one of which jetted out into tlic
fea from the continent, ttfe other from an ifland very
near to the fhore. The promontory on the ifland wac
called Witfercken, that on the continent Warf: be-
twixt both is a good bay, where there is I'afc ridin-j;
at anchor: unto this he gave the name of Sand Stafn.
The promontory of Witfercken exceeds the other
both in height and circumference. Erick Red hair
called this promontory oflheifland Muckia Jockti,
which is as much as to fay, the Great Ice Shoal ;
afterwards it got the name of Blowfcrcken, whicli
is as much as Blue-fhirtj and ladly it was called
Witfercken, or White-fhirt, quedionlefs from the co-
lour of the ice and fnow, which covers a great |> irt of
it all the year round. Erick's firft landing place wa»
in the ifle which he called Erickfun, where be palFcd
the firft winter.

The next fpring he palTed oyer to the continent,
where meeting with fome grafs he gave it the nan'.s
of Greenland, the place where he landed was called by
him Ericsfordcn, near which he built a cadle^^M
Oderburg. About the fall of the leaf he built ^B>^
towards the well, ur.to which accordingly he^pwe,
the name of Weftburgh. The" next wtntet he paffei
6 over

■^f-pii--

I6lfl.]

VOYADF. S TO OREENLAND.

ovur

over to Eiiikfun, ahil the followiiii; rummer .ii;.iin
111 the iKiriii nt Uuciil.iiul, «1ku lie mtt uitli
^re.it niLks, wliuh he c^llaj (iiowinLksi iiiiJ nut Ur
Iroiii ilitnco louiul a goml liarbciur, tu wliicli, by
rcaum ni the gnat iiuriibii- of ravciiN he luiv there-
ahoiit, he !;avi' the name ol Ravcnstjtilcii. I'his har-
biiiir lit> iliin'l!) ni)rth Irnin Krii.li-.tiiuliii, which is tu
Ihi' li>iith, b.'t,!^ leparutcJ tioni «iie aiiutber by a
Dianeh ul the li.i.

Kiivk, aliir he had continued three year* in thoC-
pans '"•'!< a rtliilutiiin to (',o over itUo Kcland,
whcic he ji'V^- luch an advantageous account ul the
gocid |)alliii i^e, and plenty of cattle, fill) and fowl of his
new found country, that a great many uf the inli.ibitanti
cniliarkcd lhenil(.lvet tofullovv i\ini into Greenland.

The lJani(h chronicle ad'urcs ui, that the piilterity
of Eiick and his followers multiplied conliderably
III Cjrernland i and that idvancinii dee|>cr into (he
cuuntry, they met with ftrtile jtround, (;ood paltuies,
and Iprings uf frclh water. i'liey divided it into
cilh-rn and wellcrn (iieenland, according to the
lifuition of the two hetorc mentioned calHes. in the
eil^Mii CJreeiilaiid they built a city called Garde,
wnulii r the Norivcgi.ii.i'. uled to come every year to
traffic with the inhibitants. Afterwards ti„.y built
aiioilier iity, u.ito which !h?y gave the name of Alb,
( ind bein^ great zcalnts) laid, the foundation of a
iiionjUery dedicated to St. riu>ina>i, at afinall dillancc
from the lea-ihore. I'he city of Garde was the epif-
lopal refidence, where the cathedral was dedicated to
St. Nichcdas, the patron of learfariii;; men.

In the year i j+ j, whether it is that the people
were fwept away by fome epidemical diliemper, or
from what other caufe is uncertain, the connexion
with Ciieenland (communly called Old Gieeiilaml)
was loll, and lomenlHrm, the country ilfelt has never
oeea touiul by any Kuropean.

Chiiltian iV. Kint; of Denmark, being dcfirous
tufind out a jKlfi^e b.twcen lireenland and .\.nerica,
to facilitate the voy.ige to the Kail Indies j ordered
uiie Captain AIoiu k, a perlon of great bravery, to
fail with taollout fliips to the Streights, which were
not many yc.irs before difcovered by one Mr. Hudfon,
an Englilhinan.

'I'his Mr. Hudfon having been fevcral liiiies before
on the northern coaAs, was at laU prevailed upon by
fomi" Eiiglifli merchants to try his fortune, whether
he could find out .t palVagc between Greenland and
America to the Half Indus ; accordingly he fct fail
from England with one fliip only, in the year 1610,
and paffing aloiii; the coalt of Greenland, was, what
with the togs, and what with llorms forced into a
flrnit pafl'age, which at lad brought him into an
r>pen lea, which made him begin to conceive cer-
tain hopes that he had been fu fortunate as to be the
difcoverer of the faid paflage. But after hi had, for
a confidcrable time, cruifed up and down this Tea,
without beiiijj able to difcover the defired paflage, he
refotved (contrary to the opinion of the rell) to pafs
ihc winter ' reabouts, though he was not fufficiently
Itorcd with provilions fur fu long a time ; and they
rouft infallibly li.uc pciiOicd for want of food, if
they had not met with feveral forts of birds, and
among the rell with white partridges, of which they
catched .ibuve an hundred dozen ; and thcl'e leaving
that part of the country towards the fpring, they were
in their licad fupplied with fwans, ducks, geefe, and
other fuch like water-fowl, w' ich werceafily catched.
Befides, they met with a certain tree thereof a mira-
culous nature, its leaves bein^ green, inclining to
yellow, h.td a (Irong ta(lc of fpice, and being boiled,
afTurdcd a baliamic oil ; the uecoiStion itfelf being a
prcfcnt remedy agaiiiH the fcurvy, the fciatica, and
other dillcmpets oceafioned by cold and vifcous hu-
mours. The approaching fpring fiirnilhed them with
fuch ftore of filh, as would be fufficient to freight
the whole fhip, if Mr. Hudfon had not been more
intent upon his intended difcovery than any thing clfe j
which however, not being able to efFeiS, hcfaw him-
felf under the ncceflity of bending his coutfe back to
Vol. I. No. 45

51«

England, In the .iican while there happrrrd a niu
tiny ai'aiiill ilir captain, c.irried on by one Ciretn, hit
clerk, v.lio bcingcducatcd bv him, bulby rcafun if hiii
mifbehavioiif was thrcatciieil, as well at lomc other of
the Ihips crew who had been w.mting In ib^ir duty,
and dreading the punilhinciit, foiccd his cabin, from
whence the) look him and hrs Ion, and piiiliii.', them
and (even innrr in a (liallop, committed tl'.'.m to thi>
mercy of the lea. One i'liilip Staff, a carpenter and
a good feainaii would not Itay behind wiih ihuff vil-
lains, but chofe rather 10 go along with Ins cap-
tain. What became of thiin is wholly un-
known, (hough It is piobablcthey cither pei.llied fur
want uf loud, ur elfe weie murdered bv (he l.ivages.
The fame fateatt 'nded the riiig-leadcrt of this mutiny,
who were (lain by th'.- lavages ; the red arrived not till
the following year I (j 11, un the 6th uf September, in
England, alter they had fnfl'.rcd fevrrcly fui want of
provilions, being lorced to li-e upon gialV, and the
Ikinsol birds, the fli Hi (hey h^d eaten long before.

To leturn to Captain Monck,'who fet fail from the
found with two (hips, one manned wiih h rty-eight
men, the otlier with rix(c(n, on the ■''iih of ^lr.y, 111
the year i6it^. He arrived on the zo'li of June near
Cape Farewel, being very rocky, covin d with ice
and fnow, and lituate uiid< r li.\() -(wo ..nd a half
degrees. I'roni thence lUering his cuurle to (he nurth-
welf towarils Hudlun's Straits, he was much incum-
modcd by the ice, which however, did him no con-
fiderable damage, he having fea-room enough.
Among other accidents that befel him, it fioze fo
violent on the iH(h of June a( night, and the wirdj
blew lb hard and cold, (hat his fails were rendered
ufelefs by reafon of the ice that adhered to (hem ; yet
the following day proved (o excellive hut in the
afternoon, that they were forced to lay by their
cloths, and go in their f1iir(sonly.

He did nut arrive at Hudfcn's Straits till the 17th
of July, which he called after the king of Denmark,
Chrilh.in's Straits. His firft landing was in an ifland
diredliy oppoiite to Greenland ; and having lent feme
uf his people (u take a view of the country, they found
no nun, but by their footfteps, were convinced there
were fome in the ifland. The following day they
law fonic of the lavages, who fecmtd (o be forprized
at the fight of the Danes, hid their aims behind a
great lluiie heap, and then advanced towaids them in a
tiiendly polluie, but kept continually a watchful eye
upon (heir arms, for fear (he Danes iliould come too
near (luin. No(withl)anding which, they found means
to get between them .ind their arms, which they feized.
The favages feemed tu be exceedingly troubled at this
lofs, and in a humble manner begged the Danes to
have them rertored, wiihout which, they were not
c<ble to fubfill, hunting being (heir only livJihood.
They offered to exchange (heir cloa(hs for (hem, which
moved the Danes at lalt to compaflion ; fo that thej
not only gave them back their arms, but alfo pre-
I'ented them with feveral toys, which they received
very thankfully, and in lieu of (hem brought the
Danes feveral lurts of fowl and filh. One among
them having gotafmall looking glafs, and feeing
himfelf in it, was fo ovcr-joycd, (hat he put it into
his bofom, and run away as faft as his legs could
cany him. Ihe Danes laughed heartily at his fim-
plicity ; but what diverted them mofl was, that they
perceived fome of thefc favages to make their court-
fliip, after their way, to one of their (liip's crew, who
having long black hair, and being of a fwarthy com-
plexion, with a flattifli nofe, they took him for one
uf their countrymen, who perhaps had been carried
away from Greenland fome time before ; which often
furnifhcd them afterwards with matter of laughter, fo
that the poor fellow wx) always jeered as long as the
voyage lalicd.

On the i9(hof the fan? month, Captain Monck
ordered the tails to be hoiftt ' up in order to leave this
ifland, but was forced toretu-n into the fame harbour
by reafon of the ice, which ob.^ru£led his paflajre. In
the mean time they left nothing 'oattempted to nnd out

6 S fom*

■>^.g.r::fc.

V o V A (; f: s to (^ r e r n l * n d.

9*1

fomr of the inh.ihitantt, but in vain i Ihry fininil
foin« ncH (prr.iil iirjr llie lea- Ihnrr, on which th< y hiin!»
knivtt, lonkinv;-glalU«, »nil other fuch likr toy«, iii
ho|B-i to allure tliom to tlic Ica-rnlr ( bill no body np-
|K'urcd, whether out nf (Var of th' Daiu'^, m bccmifc
ihfy wrrc riinim.iiulc<l to the contrary by their lupc-
riiirs i« unrrrtnin.

Ciplaiii Montk biine ilir^ppnintctl in hia hopc^ of
nu'Ctin;^ with the inli.'thitanli, ordereil a wilJ rjin-
ilrfr to be (hot, of which there were crra' niimbrrs
there ; whei-flore he [;ivc the name o( Recnfiind id
the iIUikI, and to the h.itboiir that of Monikepei,
being filiiited under 6+ de^jreei ic minutra ; and after
he h.ul pliiiicd the Diinilli arnn there, he oiirc more
lift the idand on the iid of July, but met with luch
bid «c,iihiT, and lo mniiy f,rc\\t ne IhoaN at fi;i, that
<m the ?Hihiif the fame month, he wm forced to fock
lor (hdicr bilvyxen two ifl:ir.di, near one of which he
ranic to 3n anchor i Imt tindin}; it unfafc lo continue
thill', hi bioti^^ht his lliips i\ near (hon a* potfiblc he
tuuM, fo t!i,it .It tow water ihey l.iy upon the fand,
mid the hn.'h tide c.irriid fiich a prodi^iou^ quantity
of ice to the fli.iii, th.it thiy were in no fmiH danger,
if by their indulhy ihcy h.iil not prevented it. Then-
wa» a great ici Ihuil near tifly feet thick, which he-
ir^ I oofenid by the I iolcnce of the fea, carried all
belore it, and aniiiii;^ the n-H their (hallops, which
narrow! V efiaped linkini;.

They faw (ever il fivitft pi of irrn on fhore, a fi;^n
that the pljct was not ilcOiiiitc of inh.ihitjnts j hut
wlutcvir care they took, ihry could not f;et fight of
«iiy. They alio tuiind there fonic niiiiiral ifoius, and
very goed taick, of which they carried off feveral
tun weight. There were fcveral oilur fmall iflands
thircabuut?, but the fca ran fo high near the ftiore,
thit the Danes did not venture to land. Thill- idands
arc fituated under 62 degrees 30 minutes, about fiftv
I Mgiifs within Huill'on's, or as Monck calls it, Chril-
lian's Streights. The bay where he came lo an an-
ch'irin, he called Harcford, from the great number
cf hares they met with there. He again he fet up the
arms of Denmark, and the initial letter of his m.il-
tir, viz. C. IV, fit^nifying, Chriftian IV.

He fet fjil again from this place, on fhe qth of
Au^uft, with a north-weft wind, flierint; his courfe
wcil^ fouih-wefJ, and on the 10th came to the (outh
f)f thi ftraits of America, and cr.ft his anchor mar a
large ifland, unto which he gave the name of Snow
IHand, becr.uleit was all covered with fnow.

On the 20th of Auguft, he dinfted his cf. irfc
to the norlh-wcft', being then, (as his own diary tef-
tifics) ex.ii5Hy under the elevation of 62 degrees 20
minutes ; but there fell fo much fnow, and the wind
blew fo violently, that they could fee no land, though
the Iheiijhts were not aboi e fi.xtecn leagues over tliere-
abouti. After havin ; palled the ftrcights, he got into
Hiidfon's lia, wliich he furiiilhcd with another name,
ur rather g.ive it two ji.imcs iiillcad of one. For that
part of it which waflus the American ftiore, he called
Atarc Novum, or thf New .Sea. 'l"o the other part
which exlinds to Cjricnland, (if it bo really Green-
land) he gave the name of Marc Chriftianum, or
Chriftian's Sea. He continued his courfe weft north-
■wcfl, till he came to 63 degrees 20 minutes, when
finding himfelf furroundcd on all fides by the ice, he
relblvcd to pal's the winter there; the harbour hccalled
Monck's Winter Harbour, and the country New
Denmark. In his relation, he only makes mention
of two iflands in the Chriftian S^a, which he ftiles
the Two Sifters ; and in the New Sea but one, called
Dichles Ocland.

He adviles thole who undertake the voyage through
ihefe ftrcights, to keep as iniiih as polTiblc in the
middle, .to avoid ^jing carried away by the ftormy
tkio, and the ;;rcat iii-lho.ils whicli arc of fuch a
thickiicis, theri.-, that it .i (h p happens to get be-
tween thrm, it Llilom el'iMpi"-. He lays that it flows
cxaclly five houri in tiic Chriftian Sea, the tide being
rcL'ul-itcd by the moon.
Vii the -th of September, Captain Monck caft an-

f«55'»

chorthfiei and after lilt people had rrfcin>rj llicni-
filves for foiiir diiy>, he ordered 1 hem to biinjilr
fhips into a liitl'ri',.ek, where they wcic lli.lut.d
.ig.iinft the viid lice of ihc wind* nii.l uc. Th inkt
thing tlity had lo do wai lo provide thrmrcNit fiimi
huU agmrill the iipproarliing winter li-afun. Thi»
harbour lay mar thi- uitrante of the river, whiili w. i
not froffn up in October, though the fca wj» lull U
ICC all round .ibout.

On the 17th of the fame month Captain Mun< L
had » mind to go up ihr river in a boat, but could n.yt
ao larther tliiin about a liaiMie and a h ill, by ic.iltu of
tlic citarai:!*, or rrtcky water-fall', that oppoltd hi«
pjfl.iee : he then mauhed with Ionic ol hi» iiitii afoul
tour leagues deep into the country, to he if he ctxilj
meet with any (it the iiih.ibil.ims ; 4iiit no bw.lv .ji-
uearing, he rclolved to rttuin .molliir wav. J|ci.:
he met with a certain ftoiie, r.nlid above the gruiiii.',
upon which was painlid an iiiu;.;'; tTfeinb!int> ihf ilc
vil, with cliws and liuiiit 1 iie.ir tins I'.iMie was .i
place about right feet fijuaie, intlolixl w.ih Itlln
ilones.

On one fide of this iiu'ofure tfere ' >♦ a hfan
of linall flat ftonrs, intrrruixtd with n I'ls of tre.ti
on the tippolite lide was a large flat Itone l.ml ujioii
two others in fli ipc of an altar, up.,'11 which iIkt
found three co.ils l.iid acrofs. I hey l,;w luciul
more of thefc altars, as they walked abiiit, ;ird Ibine
foot-ftrps of men near each of them; tlu.u;-.h tl. jr
did not come in fight at that lime. It \s very likely
ih.il ihc InliaLitants ulid to I'acritice upon thtfc altar,
citli' r willi fire, or perhaps olfir their facrifices lo
the fire itfelfj for round about thorn thev faw abun-
dance of bones, w hicli wire probably the bones of the
f.icriliced hearts, whole flefti the fav.igcj had div( uii-d
raw, according to their cuflom. 'I'liev met alio with
many trees cut iloaii to the roots with iicii ir.Pru-
ments,and wrth dogs that were mu/rlcd. Hut what
moft confirm d ihcin in their opinion, that this iflanJ
was not delUtule of inhabitant', was, th.t in many
places they could diloovcr thi- holes white thi ,• had
fixed the poles belonging to tl.eir tents, nnd louiid
many pieces of fkins of bears, wolves, drgs, ;nJ
Ita-calves, wherewith th'.y ul.d to tovir i!:eiii j
which fccmed to iiitiiiiaie, that the iRi..ihitaiit«
here led a vagabond life, like the I'aiuiis and Lai'po-
niant.

After the Daius had planted thiir bit', thev cut
good ftorc of wood to in- laid up loi the wi,.;ir, zt.i
killed abundance of wild-lowl. Ciapiaiii .Monclc
killed .1 white bear with his own Hands, which thev
cat; and he fays cxprelslv, th't it agreed very \vt!l
with them. I'hey catchi.' /.l>.;nJaiice of hari>, p.ir-
tridges, and other fowl, belules four black foxes, and
fome fables.

On the 27th of November, there appeared thicj
funs to them, and on the January following, two.
On the 10th of December oid ftili,', theic liappentil
an cclipfc c/ the moon, which liiev fa w about tight
o'clock at night, after which they faw the fame iiijht
the moon furroundcd with a very blight circle,
through the middle of which, was a crufj, whick
divided the moon in two.

The cold began to iiicrcafe with the uintir feafou
to fuch a degree, that they law ice of thiec hundred
feet thick ; no beer, no wine, or brandy, w:isftron;j
enough to be proof againft it, but fro7.e to the bot-
tom, and the veftels fplit in piece; ; fo that thev cut
the fro/en liquor with hatchets, and melt -d it bcf»^
the fire, previous to their drinking it. If they h.ip-
pentd to leave any quantity of watei in their copper
or tin vcfTels, they found them all m pieces the next
morning ; neither were the poor Daii'-s able lo nfilt
foexceltive a froft, which inaftin-d the metal , for
they all fell fick, and thiir dckntfi increalcJ with
■ he cold; they were generally fciziJ with a gripin^
loofencfs, which did not leave them till it put -.n en3
totheirdays. Thus they dropt away one alter anc-
ther , fo that about the beginning of March, the
capuin was (orced to do duty as a ccntry, for want of

others.

f»S5i

•flfll

V O Y A O »: S TO R E K N I, A K D.

V'}

for

i>thir«. 'riicwnrft wa«, tint the fprinn JiJ ai.?ment
iheir ili(K'ni|i' r, tor their licih wfic rraily to til. out,
mul llirir i<urni I'wcllrJ (.1 tlial(li-t;ri r, tli.it thty could
nni tjkc any nourlftiiiiiiit liut br<':ul Cualtril 111 \v iter.
The piiiir rimn.uii ol tin Ic iiiitnrtunjtc wr'.iihci were
ill tlic next fiilli'wini; M.iy fi^i/.Ld Willi another lucili-
iicCn, with All h \ itilrnt |iritkiiii» |uini in their linilii,
•I made them Itiiik lil(c mere lh.it)<iw<, thi ir arnia mul
leg) being quite l.ime, ;inil (ikW nl liluc lput>, ut il
ihcy had been be;iten, hrinjj; idiftemper not iinkmiwn
to li'.imcn, by whom it it lommunly railed the Scur-
vy, So many ul tliein dieil, that there were n'>t
ciioii^li Icit to bury ihim, the re(tb inj; likewil'e fu k
•nil weak, and to complete their m dry, they big.iii
to want bread, inllcuJ ol which iluy made iile ol
fatbiTrif, whicli they dif'ij'-d out Ircm under tlic
fiiow, whiih luppliiJ the ilefiCl ot' biead, but iluy
were forced to cat ill in a^ (<«>n a« they weic taken
ftoin under the I'liow, wlicie they kept 1'ri.fli, but loon
grew ufelcl's al'terward«.

Onthciithot' April it r.iined the firft time afirr
fevin months ; and t<).\ard> tliecnd of May there ap-
peared again all fotnof fowl, fuih a« wild geelo aiul
duck>, fwans, iWalUiws partrid)jei, ravens, Inipes,
faulconn, and ca^le;, but they were too weak toc.itch
them.

i.)n the 4th of June Captain Monek hinifelf fill
fo daii.;erous ill, that he to k no lixid fur fair Jays
together, and cxpciitin ; ii'ithina; Kf^ than prcleiit
death, he made Ins lall will, in whieli he dclircd tlmle
that might by chance come to iliis place to bury liii
corpfc, and to lend tiro diary of his voyajjc to the
kingof Denmark. After four day* were pall he be-
gan however to recover a little, and with much ado
got out of his hut, tti fee whether there were any of
the (liip's crew left alive, of whom he found ilo nioie
than two out of (ixty-four perl'ons he brought aloili;
with him. Thefe two being overjoyed to fee their
captain in a condition to (lir abroad, took him in their
ann^, and can led him to a lire, to rcfrefh his Ipiiits.
They now began to encourage one another, promif-
ing to ibnd by one another to the lall gafp. They
Jigged every where among the fnow, fill at lall they
met with a certain root, which bein^ both a reftora-
tivc and food to them, they were rellored in a few
•lays, 'I'lie ice now began to melt a pace, lb that on
the 18th of June they i atched fume falmon, and other
fi(h, which, with whatcxercife they uicd in hunting,
fo llrengthened them in a little time, that they rel'olvcd
to return to Denmark.

The fumnicr fcafon approaching, they were ex-
tremely peftcred with gnats, which made them haflen
their departure ; fo that on the i6th of July they
went on board their leller (hip, (leaving the biggell
behind) and (leered their courfe towards Monck's
Harbour i they were nuieh incommoded by the ice,
and loft their boat and rudder. AVhilll they wen*
bufy in making a new one, they faftcned their iliip to
an ice-rock, which being lool'ened by the tide, th<
fllip was carried away with it ; but the ice being melted
loon after, they got clear again, and met with their
boat which they had lod ten days before. It was not
long before they got faft within the ice once "'ore j
but the weather changing almoft every day, i) y were
foon relcafcd again. Having at iaft rcpift r' ireights,
they failed by Cape Farewel into the o-.a 1, hut w;rc,
on the 8tli of September, overtaken by a moft terrible
tempcft, which threatened no lefs than their total de-
ftruiSlion, they being quit: tired out aiul not able to
manage their ftip j fo that leaving thcmfelves to the
D'.ircy of the winds, they loft their mainmall, and
their fails blew over-board, which however they made
a fhift to favc.

In this condition they were forced upon the coaft of
Norway, where they caft a piece of an anchor (the
only one they had left) in a fmall creek, where they
hoped to (helter themfelvcs againfl the ilorm, but
found themfelves deceived in their hopes, for they
were in moft eminent danger of being dalhcd to pieces
aj>ainft the rocks, if by gooi fortune they had not got
6

betwrert thi ni .iiid the (horr, wtitre aAer lli -y hnil le-
frelhid tluiiiUlves jiir U itn' il.iy-, tliey pui/iitd th.it
voy.i|;f, ^ind .iriivd ai I ill In IJeijliaik.

Ciipt.iiii M iivk hill lui ('■I'lur lilt till I on fliori"^
but he VMiil t'l t!opciiliat; n ti. •^\<.c the kiir.' im ac-
e<. lint (if his 1111(1, rtiiiuile yov.!,!-, who imt im;i.;iiiin(»
him 111 be ftill anion;! the li/nij, tiiiived him Willi ..II
imaginable m.i ks of his f iviuir.

I bus wrha r (en the lii.ivc Capt.iin .Morck re-
turn to the Dinilh Ul , »vliieb, i» nii;'ht rLifiiii-

ably be (upp'lei!, v.i old put an did to ,-,11 hi, t\,i\\, .
in;', i but it lei iiiH his ill delliiiy h 1 I prclnid liim
(or mure, which w.h to put an uiiliaj.! , priindtotht
lileid this brave ni.iii.

i'lir whiKt he u,i> in Drimiaik, Im- lll^d (.It. n to
ruminate upon his |m|| a.lnniiinH) .iiul I-.mh:^ (.j i!c
i{iei3 coiiMiiced iit wli.it li.i.l lien the iliiif caule cf
his nulsaii.:j',e ill hi» V(iyii;v tliruii,;li the llu iehi.., I.e
took a rcl'olutiiil to iiy his (urlune i.iu c nioie, in
whuh he liiipid to lilpply the detccls i.f tliefmnitr,
which irrol'e from a want cf a prn|iir knowleilj « of
tluilc feas, and Come other ciicuintl. iic.s. Accord-
iiijjly he piopoled bis defi;',!! to (iniic peilmis ol qua-
lity,' whoapptuvingof it, viiuipii-.l luollips, whuh
he vva'. to coiiiinaiid in chief.

I: ving provided liimfelf '• lli all necillarl'^ for
fucli .. voyaj'. hewasn.idj .fet (ail, when ;;,•, ill
fori J. c would have ii) the (fin^: feiit fcr hint, end
happ. iiin;;, 11 'mig vl' .. , thing-, to ('.'e il< ( f I'l;, lor-
iner unfoitunuc voyai' , told hlni, lint he hail 1- Il
two (hips by In . want / coiulue'l, which the cnp;,- in
anl'werirg funitwhat liallily, the kin,; tc I l.i- ■ iic
and puL.ed it with • ;er againll I, hreaft. ri:.- ,p-
tain took this urtV'Mii (o luiiirr iv, that hiini'vdi.
atel/ went home to bed, and cc , notbepdlu .' ^ Ki
take the Itall noiiri(li(niiii .> 'iiat in (•. 11 i!a)\ auer
he died tor iiH'laiiihuly, and '"aiit cf food,

II may be nee ?r''J lo take :i itice, tl.a' •' a fue-
ccilion of year" \'C .: the voy.ige abi,";;' uiiyin.d
was uiidcrlaki'.'., kv ■"il Danilli ii;oii.ircl,s had ar
heart the ma!;ii.,., a iie.v fettlcment in thefe |i,.r;s.

Chrillian 11. Iiad obliged hinidlf by nis corona-
tion oath, to endeavour the recovery of (irn-uLndj
hut inllead of bringing new acquilltions t.i tlio crown,
he loft both the crim, IS of Swcilui aiul Dun. lark, be-
ing dcpoli:d l-.y his I'ul.jeiits which is the ii.;.l'on he is
always painted witha lirnk'.n fcepue.

Under his n -l one Eriek Walclvcndur, a brava
Danilli lord, wjj lord chancellor of D.miiarl:, who
being after his nialler's ilil'gracc ciiiiltilut J lii(li-p cf
Druntheim in Norway, bent all hi. lhoii;'lits on the
recovery of Cirecnland, Forvvliieh n I'ln he fe;rchc(I
all the antient records, and adiiled wiiii ee ohIcP. ami
ablcft mariner?, who were CiippnfMl to have anv !;aow-
led:;e of that country J but whilll he was hivii.g ilju
foundation of this dciijrn, a (luarrel arofe Vetvvcei'
him and another great lord in Norway, in the year
', 4., who being too pov/erful lor him, |irciu!(d ns
' .lilhnieiit to Rome, where he died. I'rcd.ick J.
Chriilian's uncle, being got into ihc (luHWrn.n of the
two kingdoms of Denmaik and Norway, was bu'V
in profecuting thole whom he believed lo have tin;
leaft kindnefs for Clvillian, which made him encou-
rage the banifhment of AV'aL'kciidor, who was thereby
diiabled fron» profccutiiiy, his delijjn of the rcco-.etv
of Ctreenland.

Chrillian III. who fuecccded Fredrick I. attempted
the dllcovery of Cirecniand, but wiihoiit fi cccis,
which made him recal the (evcre prohiiiaion of going
to CJrcenland without lieenfe. But Norwiiy at that
time biiiig reduced to fjre.it poveily, and not in a
condition to undertake (ueh a dclign, this remedy
proved likewife ineftechial.

King Fredrick II. fucccedeil his father in the throne^
and being willing to endeavour the recovery of Cireen-
land. Cent one Magnus Hennir;:fon to proftcutc thU
defign. If what is related in the chronicle may be
taken for authentic, there mull befoine fatality which
prevented the difcovery of Greenland at that time;
for this Henningfon, sftcr he had keen toliid up and

ilown

s^*

VOYAGES TO C> R F, E N L A NT -».

[TiO«.

ijo'.vii a! f..i ',>v t-Mij.-fts, for a kuig time, came at
bit ill li.jlit vt t!u lliorc i but to his great amazement
found Ills fliif) to ittip ill the open i'ea, where there
app.MrcJ nciihir ice nor lands j I'o that after ho found
all his endeavours of getting near the fliore to be in
Viin, he \\ as torceJ to return to Denmark, where he
j;.ue an account to the kiiijr of what had befallen
him, ami laid the fault of his mifcurriage upon the
magnet itoni.s, which he believed to be in prodigious
finjnmiei thereabouts, in the bottom of the fea.

Puvious to this, in tho year 1577, Martin For-
liilhtr, nn Mnglilhinan, had made the f»rft difcovcry of
that LOiiiitry, which is now called New Greenland,
aiul bccaule his account contains many remarkable
rnin.;> cuncei iiin;; the inhabitants and their manners,
wi- liiall i^ive thj reader fomc of the moft material paf-
{■^l\ri of it licrc.

ThH Martin Forbirtier let fjil from England in the
year 1577, to endeavour the Jil'covcry of Greenland,
wliicli he got fi^ht of at Inft j but by rcafon of the
p.riMt quantities of ice, and the approaching winter,
11 )t bcii!;; able to reach the fhoic, was forced to return
Iio.iie, wli-'rc he gave an accoiait of his voyage to
Q'l.t 11 Lli/.abctli, who then fvvaycj tlic lccj>lrc in
En.'.lnnd.

'l"hc queen ferit him the next following fpring with
»lirce other fliips, to purlue the former defign, when
lie got falVIv to (ireenland. Hut the inhabitants, at
the appro, nil uf the F'nglifh, leaving their huts, re-
tired amon'; the rocks, from whence levcral precipi-
tated theiulilves into the fca.

'l"hc Kiiiflilli, after they had in vain endeavourcjl to
mollifv tlvle l:iv.\;;es, went to tlieir huts, wliich were
ti-nts niLiilf lit [Ik- (kins of lea-calves aiul whales,
)i\Cil to llriiiu; pilts, and lewed together with the
Aiic.vs of IimHs; they had an opening towards the
luiiih a:;d -.veil, but were cbilely and viry artiricially
iiiiiicd toMthcr to llic calVand north, the better todt-
lenJ lb -!t:'' h'ls a.'.ainft ih • coKliieK of tbolb winds.
■('nry mitwilh an !ivin<; creature there except an old
uomaii, with a chill in her hand, which they took
honi bei, -ml ihe ii.aJea mod miferablc outcry for the
l<,ls (if it.

I'rii:ii thtiice lliev f.iilcd along tlie coaft, vkhercthiv
I'.iw a lia-moiilK-r's licul above the water, with a hoi 11
,»bout three or four feet long. They landed again,
and found tl-.e Uiif.ice of the earth rocky, but very
good ground beneath it; they alio met with great
ilore of glittering fand like gold, of which they took
300 tons along with them.

Th -v illi'd their utmoft endeavours to filter into
dii'coiirl'e with the fivages, who fetniingly fhewed no
great averfi'vn to them, an.l gave them to underftand
bv certain rvn^ that if they would row up higher in
the river, tlieir expe>;tations ftioiild be anfwered. Ac-
t.irdiii:,lv Martin Korbilher got into a boat with fome
(bidiers, ar,d having ordered his (hips to follow him,
went up the river, and lleing a great number of the
fava^espnfted among the rocks, he did not think fit
toexpne bimlelf by approaching too near the banks.
At !,il!, three among tbem, who a|>pcared fomcthing
better tli.iii tho reft, havlrtg made a fignal for him to
land, he flulved to do it, all thercll being at a con-
lider.ible dillaiice ; but bis bi.at fcarce touched the
bank of the river, when the favages began to appear
ill ^rcat numbers, which made him foon clioofe the
Itreani a^ain.

The lavages endeavoured to pcrfuade them by figns
to come on ftiore, tiirowing lhcrt» fomc raw flcfli.
Hut finding tlii- Knglilh fufpicious, tUey rcfolvcd to
draw tbem thither by the following ftratagem ; they
laid one of their men upot> tlic b.jik, who pretend-
in;; to be lame, thev fuppofed the Englifll would come
to take him, wliilll they pretended to be retired at a
farther dift.ince, being all out of fight behind tbead-
Vicent rocks. But the F.nglilh being aware of the
"in irc,dilcharged a gun at him, which made.him foon
recover his legs i and the favages coming to his af-
iiftance, pelted the Knglilh in the boat with Uoncs
and arrows, but were foon difperfed by their gun;.
7

The favages arc very ftrong and well fct, of an
olive colour; their cluaths being made of ilie/kinsof
lea-calves, fewed together with the (inews of bcafts.
I'he womens apparel is not diftercnt tiom that of ths
men, for they wear breeches, with many pockets iii
them, in which they carry their knives, needles,
yarn, and looking-glaJl'es, which tbcy either get from
ftrangers, orclfe aie call on fliore by the (ta. 'I'helr
t'aces arc painted with blue, and Ionic let tlicir hair
glow very long, hanging down over their llioulders
untwiftcd. Their (hirts are made of fifti guts, ftwed
together with fiiiews ; their garments loofe faftened
about their middle with a girdle ; they arc naturally
very nafty. and freely expol'o their privy niembcis.
All their riches confift in their flings, bows, arrows,
and boats. Their bows arc very flender, and their
arrows thin, tipped at the end with a pointed bone
or horn ; they manage them with great dexterity,
and hit the fillies as they are fwimniii.^ in the water.
Their boats arc covered all over with the fl:iiis of fea-
calves, and fitted only for a (ingle perf^n. Their
larger vcflels arc m.ide of wr-od, and covered with the
Ikins of whales, they arc big, enough to .contain 20
men at a time. Their falls are made of the fame ma-
terials with their ihirts ; and notwithitanding there i»
not thelea(b iron'work about them, arc (o ftrong, that
the favages venture very deep with them at ("ea.

No venomous things are to be found here unlefs
fpidcrs i and the gnats are very buly in the fummer
time; they have no fre(h fprin;,'^, but this deleft is
luppliid by the melted mow. I'hey have dogs of a
piodigiiius bignefs, which they u:e before their
lleds inlUad of horfes. But to return to Den-
mark.

Among all the Danish kings, no body had been
more v.ealous to promote the difcovery of Grccnianil
than King Chriftian IV. for which purpole he fcnt
for an expert I'eaman, out of Lnglaiul, who being ac-
quainted with thole leas, he gave him three ftiips un-
der the command of Got(kc I.indenau. They f t fail
liini the Sound in the year 1605, in the fommcr, and
continuing their coiirii: for fomc time together, the
Kiiglilhman at lall turned to the fouth-wcll to avoid
the ice, whi.'ftihc admiral ftcered his couife north-
eall, and laitly arrived at Greenland. He had no
looncr call anchor near the fliore, but the lavages cams
witli their boats all about his (hip, and were welcomeJ
with fome wine, which however they did not rdifh
very well ; but leeing fome oil of whales, they begged
fomc of it, which being given them, they drank it ofF
very grceillly.

'ihey htid brought along with them good ftorc of
(kins of bears and lea-i;alvcs, and fcvcral pieces of the
fea unicorn, which they cxebangcd for needles, knives,
looking-glafles, and fuch other toys. They did not
feein to put any value upon gold or filver, but were
extremely fond of iron, for which they would ex-
change their bows, arrows, boats, oars, nay their
Ihirts.

The admiral Gol(kc Lindenaii tarried thrcedayson
this cc>aft, but dur(l not venture on {hore. On the
4th day being ready to fct fail again, he detained two of
the favages, who happened to be on board of him,
and were fo outrageous that they were forced to bind
them ; the reft feeing their companions in danger of
being carried away, made a moft hideous outcry, and
ftiot at the Danes with their arrows, but were fooit
put to flight by the dilchargc of a cannon, after
which the admiral returned home to his own country
inAfcty.

The Englifhman had in the raran while landed on
the other /ide of Gre-enland, where he met with fe-
veial good hai hours, and plenty of pafturage. The
favages exchanged their commodities with him, as
thcv had done with their admiral, but fcemed more
miftruftful ; for no fooncr had they got any thing
fro;n the Danes, but they went away in all hafte to
their boats, as if they had ftolcn it.

The Danes being defirous to take a view of the
country, went on more well armed, and n]et with

gowf

i6o6.]

Voyages to cREEfiLAi^tJi

good grounds, but rocky like Norway, 'the fmell of
lulphurtous vapours, fecmed to intimate that there
were fulphureous mountains, not far from thencci
I'hey found alfo a certain filver oar, of which they
carried a ^reat quantity into Denmark, a hundred
weight ol which, yields about twenty ounces of
filver. As they were returning to their (hip, they
took four ravages, one of whom was fo rcfra^ory^
that they were forced to knock him down with the
but-endsof their mufquets, which frightened the others
into a more pliable temper. But the favages having
taken the alarm, purfued the Danes to relieve their
companions, and had found means to cut ofF their
paflage to the (hip : but by the help of their Rre arms,
and the great cannon from the (hip, thev foon cleared
their way, and got fafely on board with the other three
ravages, whom after their return into Denmark, they
prcfented to the king : they were found better pro-
portioned, and more civilifed than thofe that were
brought over by Lindenau, who failed again in 1606,
taking with him the fame three blacks, one^of whom
died by the way.

Lindenau taking the fame courfe the Engliihman
had done, arrived on the third day of Auguft, with
four (hips in Greenland, the fifth being feparated
from them by a ftorm. The favages appeared in great
numbers near the fea-(ide, but were as miftruftful of
the Danes, as they were of them, which made them
fail in quelt of another harbour, which they reached
foon after, but found the favages of the fame temper
with the others, and appeared in a pofture to fight
them if they (hould attempt to land.

The Danes, who by reafon of the great number of
favages, thought themfelvei no equal match for
thcoi, failed along the coaft ; and the favages would
follow them at fome little diftance in their boats, of
wliom they took fix, and then carried them together
with their boats and oars on board their (hips.

As they were riding at anchor one day in a certain
fmall bay, the Admiral Lindenau's gentleman, very
earneAly defired his mafter to give him leave to go on
(hore, to trf whether he could treat with the favages ;
which being granted at laft, he went, but had fcarce
walked a few paces, when the barbarians falling upon
him, cut him to pieces in an inftant.

Their knives and cutlaiTes were made of unicorn,
fo (harp edged, by wheting them againft ftones, that
they cut as well as if they were made of the bcft
fieel.

Lindenau finding but little hopes to fucceed in
this enterprife, returned to Denmark. In his return
he met with the fame (hip that was feparated from
them before by the (irefs of weather } but another
fiorm arifing foon after, they were again difperfcd,
and did not meet again till near a month after,
when they purfued their voyage to Denmark, and
arrived at Copenhagen on the 5th of OAober,
after a fecond dangerous and troublefome voy-

The fame king fent a third time two ftout (hips to
Greenland, under the command of Carften Richart-
fon, a Holfteiner, who having on board fome of the
moft experienced mariners of Norway and Iceland,
fet fail from the found on the 13th of May, and got
fight of Greenland on the 8th of June, but could not
approach the (hore by reafun of the ice, which lay
keapcd up like mountains, fome leagues deep at fca,
for there are fome years when the ice continues all the
fummer long w'thout being melted i which obliged
the Holfteiner, whc had been feparated from the other
(hip, and was afraid of being entangled in the ice
pailt retreating, to retirn to Denmark, where he,
notwithftanding hit mifcairiage, was well received by
the king.

The favages that were taken and brought into
Denmark in the two firft voyages, had liberty to walk
abmit where they pleafed, under the guard of fome
waiters. They lived upon milk, cheefe, butter, raw
teih and (i(h, according to their own cuftom, being
averii! to bread and boiled meat, but much more to

Vol. I. No. <$.

wincj the oil of whales being their faVotirite Jiquorj
They would frequently turn their faces to the north
and fetch a heavy figh. One time their keepers being
carelefs, they got to their little boats, and without
more ado put to fca, but by a ftrong wind were forced
twelve leagues bcyoiul the fuundjon (hore in Schonen^
where being taken by the country people, they were
fent back to Copcniiagcn. I'his fervcd as a warning
to their waiters to be better upon their guard for the
future ; but they pined themfelves to death one after
another.

When a Spanifh AmbalT-dor was once fent
into Denmark, there being five of thofe favages
yet living, the king ordered that, for thediverfion ef
the ambaflador they (liould row up the fea in their
little boats : tlu-fu boats were (haped not unlike a wea-
ver's (buttle, being about tci\ or twelve feet long ; they
arc made of whale-bones of an inch thick, joined to-
gether by the help of the finews of beafts, and covered
all over with the (kins of whales, there is in the
middle a hole big enough for one man to put his bodjf
in. Thus they go to fea putting their legs un>
derneath, and if any fpacc be left round their body,
they (lop it up with their jackets (which arc made of
the (kinof fra c^ilves) fo tight that no water cun enter,
which done, they are proof againft all ftorms and
tempcftt beyond what may be expeAed from (liips ot
a confiderable bulk ; for though they arc often times
turned topfy-turvy, they always turn again upright.
They make ufe only of one oar, which they manage
with the fanK dexterity as the rope-dancers do their
poles, to keep an even balance; and with this they
row fo fwiftly, that (as it was tried at the fame timt)
they could keep pace with a boat with fixteen oars.

The ambaflador extremely well fatisiied with this
fpeAacle, made each of them a very good prefent,
with which they bought themfelves cloaths inadeaftrc
the German fa(hion, and other accoutrements, fuch
as boots, fpurs, and feathers, and afterwards olFc-red
to ferve the king on horfeback. But this gay humour
was of no long continuance, for the deCre of return-
ing to their native country being foon revived, two
of thoiit who had once before ventured to efcape »t
fea, and coiifequently werenot the lead miftrufted of
attempting fo dangerous an undertaking a fecond
time, did once more attempt to reach Greenland ia
their boats. They were purfued with all I'peed, but
one was only overtaken, the other no doubt being
fwallowed up in the waves. It was obfervable in hiia
who efcaped, that whenever he faw a woman with a
child in her arms, he ufed to fetch a deep figh, which
made the Danes believe that he had left a wife and
children behind him. The reft were more narrowly
watched, which ferved or.ly to increafe their melan*
cholly, of which they died one after another. There
remained however at lafi two alive, who lived near
twelve years after all the reft of their companions were
dead : they were cherifhed with all the fair promifes
imaginable, which feemed to be fome comfort to
them ; but they could never he bro ight to the true
underftanding of the Chriftian faith, beinp; quite
ignorant of the Danifh tongue. They were Ibme-
times obfervcd to lift up their eyes tow.irdi heaven,
and to adore the rifing fun. One of them died
whilft he was cmploynl iii pearUfifhiiig, at Cold*
ingcn.

This Grcenlander having given them to under-
ftand one day, that he was very dextrous in (ifhing
of pearls, the governor of Coldingcn took him along
with him to make ufe of him upon that account,
which the favage performed with fo much dexterity,
that he fcldom returned without fome good pearls. The
governor, who was very avaricious, being over eager
after fuch a booty, would not ftay till the next fpring,
but forcing the poor favage to dive in the midft of
winter under the ice, he fell fick and died. Hit
comrade remaining now alone iiiconfoleable for tho
death of his companion, found means the next fpring
to get to fea in his little boat unpcrceived by any
body i he was however purAied with all fpted, but

4 T liaving

iiii

VOYAGES TO GREEN I. AN 0.

Ci68^

having the ftart of thrin, wns f^nt 30 leagues out at
fea bi-forc he could be rcf.nkiji. I'hey f^avc him to
uiulcrftiiiJ by certain (ii;;ns, lli:it it wduM liavc Iwcn
inipofiiblc for him to hive re.icheil Grceiil.ind, but
that he muil have perifhcd amnnt; ihe waves, at which
he made certain figns, that he intended tu have run
along the coaft of Norway t" a certain height, from
V hence he would have croiTed tlie fcas, taking his di-
rection by the ftars. He was brought hack to Copcn-
haiicn, where he died loon after with nielancholly.

This was thcendof thefc unfortunate Cjrccnlanilcrs,
who approached in Itatiire to tlie Laplanders, being
well fet, but fliort, of a fwarthy colour, with flat
nofes and thick lips. Their boats, apparel, and
pther impliments, were kept at Copenhagen, as alfo
a Cireenland almanack, conipofcd of twenty eight or
thirty fmall fticks, faftencd to a leather firing, by
which they ufed to diftinguifh their time.

Since that time the king of Denmark did not think
fit to fend any more fhips at his own charge to Cireen-
land, but fomc merchants of Copenhagen beingjoined
in a company, (in which fcveral perfons of quality
had likewife a (hare) called the Cireenland Company,
they fent in the year i()36, two {hips to Davis's
titreighf;, where they were no fooner come to an an-
chor, but eight faviiges came in their little boats on
board of them. Whillt they were bufy in laying out
their fea-calves and fur-fkins, and feveral pieces of
fca unicorn, in order t9 exchange them wilh the Danes
for necJIes, knives, and looking-glalTe';, it happened
Bccidtntally that a gun was difchargcci on board the
fhip, which put the lavages in fuch a fright, that they
all leaped over board under water, and did not fo
much as put out their heads ajnin tiil they were at
leaft 200 p.icis dilt.int from the fhip, but being given
to undcrlfaiid hv certain flgns that they intended them
no harm, thi'y returned, and continued lo traffic as'
before.

Their manner of dealing is thus : Tliey chufe
among the I'.uroptan commodities what they likebeft,
which being l.i'l on one fide, they lay down as much
ot thcu« as"t!iev think (it to give in exchange, and
this is continued tlius till both parties are ar;rccd.
They faw at the lame time a dead li(h on the flioic,
with a bone, or rather a tooth on one (iJe of his hend,
which the favages had broken in pieces, and fold to
'the Danes. This fifii is of a prodigious itrength,
and a declared enemy of the whales, ju(l as the rhi-
noccrs is to the elephant, among the tereltial crea-
tures ; for if he meets the whale, he llrikcs his hoin
into his fide as deep as it will reach ; fome allure us
that it fometimes runs with fuch a force againfl the
■fliips, that thereby it becomes leaky.

But the intention of the Danes was not fomuch to
exchange commodities with them, ns to take a full
ticw of the country ; and the male of one of the
fhips having taken notice near a certain river where
he landed, that the land refemhicd hotli in weight and
colour, true gold land, hudcd his whole fliip with it,
and with great joy returned directly to Denmark,
telling his Slip's crew as they were under l.til, that now
thjy were all rich enough. The lord In^h fteward of
Denmark, who had a confiderable lliaie in the fliip,
being furprifcd at the fudclen return of this vellll, the
mate told him he was freighted witli gold, hich
made the lord high fteward lend fome quintit) of it
to the goldfmiths of Copenhagen, to try whether they
could bring any quantity out nf it ; hut thcle not be-
ing able to produce one grain from this fand, he w.is
li) much cxal'perated at this difappoinlment, that he
immediately commanded the mate to go out to lea, and
to throw his pretcndnl gold fand into the bottom ol it,
without fpeaking one word more to any body. 'Ihe
poor mate was forced to obey, but with fo much re-
luilantv, that finding himfelf difappointed in the
hopes ot his fuppofed treafurc, he died loon after for
griff.

It w.is not long before the !ord high fteward re-

ScntcJ himklf for his rafhnels ; for fome fand refem-
ling tills, was found in the mines of Norway, from

whence feveral (lerlons, well verfed In the reparation of
inetallick bodies, drew a quantity of veiy good gold,
which fcemcd to profe that the 'difappi)intmciu was
owing to the unexperienced goldfmiths of Cuptn-
ha^en.

In this voyage itvj.is, they brought that piece of the
unicorn from Greenland, which wa? to h,ive been
fold to the great Duke of Mufeovy it is Itill tu bs
feen at Copenhagen, and valued at 6000 crowns. The
D.ines had likewife taken two favages, whom they
tied to the marts till they were a great way out at fen,
when they were untied again 1 but they no foonir
found themfelvcs at liberty, but they leaped into the
fca, in hopes, as may be fu|)pofed, to reach the (here
hy fwimming, which was impracticable for them to
do, by reafon of the great diftance they were then
from it.

It is moft probable, that the Ice from the north-
weft has quite flopped up the paft'age between Iceland
and Greenland, and that whilft the mariners were en-
deavouring to make their voyage through this paflage,
they were driven upon the Cape Farewel, and Da-
vis's Streights, or rather gulph, and fodifcovcred thSt
part of the country, w'hicli i\o\f is ftiled New Green-
land.

AVe learn from the Iceland Chronicle, that between
Iceland, and the Old Greenland, there were feveral
iflands and rocks ; as for inftance, that which they
called Schcer Gundebior, which favours this opi-
nion ; it being enfy to imagine that the ice might
with lefs difficulty be heaped between i!:e(e ifl.itiil. ;
which being of fuch a thickncfs as not to be melted
hy the beams of the fun, has rendered the ice be-
tween Iceland ami Greenland, quite impOflable ; fo
that it is impofliblc to give an account of the poderiry
of the antient Norwegians who fettled there : per-
haps they bore their fhare in the plague which raged
fo I'urioufly in Norway in the year 1348, and almoft
'l.-popiilatcd that kingdom. It is not altogether im-
probable, but that Ootike Lindenau, who in his firll
voyage lleered his courfe to the north-eaft, may have
cait anchor near Old Greenland, and that pcrhajw
thcle two favages were defeended froin the ancient
Norwegians ; but though they dillcrcd from the other
favnges that were brought over from Davis's Streights
both in manners and language ; yet theirs had not tlic *
lealt affinity with the Danifti or Norway tongue,;. '
The Daniln Chronicle tells tis, that the three favages
brou.;ht over by the Englifti, talked lia faft, that it
was inipoirible for any body to dillinguiili oiia wor»l
from another, unlefs it were the two words. Oka,
fndccha, the meaning of which no body underltood.
Thus much is unqueftionable, that what was called
Old Cireenland, was no more than a fmall point of
the northern part of Greenland, viz. where it lav
neareft lo Iceland; and that the ancient Norwegians
durit not venture very f.ir into the country, no more
than iholi: who have ftncc difcovcrcd the New Green-
land.

I'hc Danes, in their bcforcmentioned voyage to
(irecnland, in the jear 1686, did, hy certain lij'.n^,
inquire of the favages, whether there were any con-
fiderable number of inhabitants in the inland coun-
tries there, upon which the favages gave thein to un-
derrtand by figns, that there were as many people
there as there were hairs upon their heads, that they
were very tall, armed with bows and arrows, where-
with they killed every thing they met in their way.
From whence it fliould feem probable, after all, that
neither the origin of thefc piople, nor that of the
Old Greenlanders, is thoroughly known to us at this
time.

It fieqiirntly happens that ftiips bcfet among the
ice, in thofo parts, pcrilh by being daftieil to pieces
.i;',ainll the lolid fields of iie, or crufhed by iht bro-
ken pieces crowded upon one another, and rifing (o
faft about the ftlip, as to exceed the height of her
fides, and then there is no elViping. Several of thcfe
mountains, by ftriking together, and coalefcing, form
thofe iflands of ice that are frequently l':cn in the lower

latitudes.

1686]

VOYAGES TO GRF, ENI. AND.

S'7

liititudc'Sjrfiiving up artel down the fea, asthewinJ and
tiJvs Jirccl thein. The ^realcr danger to be apprc-
htiiJud, is from ihe looler icf ; lor the whalers ol'ten
moor their Ibips to the foliil fields of ice, that at cer-
tain Ccaroiis leein to rcll upon the earth, ami appear
fixidtoit, and there find the btft fifluiig. In I'uch
litu.itioiis it often appears, that little or no loofe ice
is to be fecn ; yet prtfcntly upon a ehangc of wind, or
thit blowing of a ilorm, it (hall pour in upon them
fo fudilcnly, that fonictiiiies thty perilh in it. It is
not polliblo to account for the altonifhing quantity
that will gather in this manner in Ids than an hour's
time.

Though it fecms to be agreed ^ that many of t'.e
largcft fields of ice are frozen to the depth of fea n
which they are found, and that they are bedded on ti..
folid earth ; yet it is equally certain, that they arc
often rent afundcr by racing billows ; and that in
breaking, they produce the nioft terrifying noife in
nature j nay, it is ad'ertcJ, fliat the clathiiig of the
pieces of loofc ice againib each other, or any ex-
traordinary agitation of the waves, i^. attended with
a roaring (o loud, that a man who is near it can hardly
hear the founding of his own voice.

Before we conclude, we fliall add fome farther par-
ticulars, extradted fiom more modern authors, re-
lative to Spitfbergen, and the probability of a north-
calt palTagc. — ■" The rocks are llriking ob-
jeds ; bctorc a ftorm they exhibit a fiery appearance,
and the fun looks pale upon them, the fnow giving
the air a bright reflcition. Their fummits are almoft
always involved in clouds, fo that it is but juft poflihle
to fee the to^is of them. Some of thefe rocks arc
butoncilone from bottom to top, appearing like an
old decayed ruin. Others confill of large maflcs,
veined differently like marble, with rcJ, white, and
Vellow, and probably, were they to be fawcd and po-
liflicd, wnuld equal, if not excel, the iinelt Egyjj-
tian marble we now lb much admire.

On the foutherii and wellern fides of thefe rocks
grow all the plants, herbs, and moll'es, peculiar to
thi.s coiliury J on the northerly and ealterly lides the
wind flrikcs fo coUl, when it blows from thofe quar-
ters, that i( pcrilhes every kind of vci,et.ihle. Thefe
plants grow to perfeclion in a very fllirt t me. Till
the middle ot" Mav the whole country is locked up in
ice; about the beginning of July the plants arc in
flower i and about the latter end of the fame month,
or beginning of Aui^uft, they have perfeiled their
iced. The e.irth owes it fertility, in a great meafurc,
to the dung of birds, who build and breed their young
here in the fummer, and in tlie winter repair to more
favourable climates.

The plants that are moft common in Spitfljcrgcn
arc fcurvy-grafs, and crow's-foot; there are befides
fmall houfe-lcck, and a plant with aloe-like leaves j an
herb like flonc-crop j fome fmall fiiake-weed, moufe
ear-wood, ftrawberry, periwinkle, and an herb pe-
culiar to this country, which they call the rock-)ilant.
The leaves of this plant are in fliapc like a man's
tongue, above fix feet long, of a dull yellow colour.
The ftalk is round and fmooth, and of the fame co-
lour with the leaf j it rifes tapering, and fmells like
mufclcs. It is an aquatic, and rifes in height in pro-
portion to the depth of water in which it is found.
There are other plants and herbs, but thefe are the
chief. Of flow«rs,|the white poppy fccms thcprincipal.
The rocks and precipices are full of fiiVures, and
clefts, which afford convenient harbours for birds to
lay theireggs, and breed their young in fafeiy. Moft
of thefe birds are water-fowl, and lick their food in
the fen. Some indeed are birds cf prey, and purl'uc
and kill others for their fuftcnance; but thefe tire rare.
The water-fowl eat ftrong and fifliy, and their fat
h not to be endured. I'hey are fo numerous about
the rocks, as fometimes to darken the air when thry
rife in flocks, and they fcrcem fo horribly, that the
rocks ring with their noife.

There area few fmall birds like our fnipes, and a
kind of fnow-bird, but different from that found
about Hiidfon's bay.

Theioc-bird is a very beautiful little hint, bilt vc'-y
rare. He is in fi/,e and fhape like a turtle-dovp, but
his plumage, when the fun Ihines upon him, is of a
brigh yellow, like the golden-ring in the pea-cock's
tail, and almoft dazzles the eye to look upon it.

The other inhabitants of this forlorn country a^o
white bears, dcei and foxes. How thefe creatures can
fubfift in the winter, when the whole earth is covered
with fnow, and the fea locked up in ice, is hardly
to be conceived. It has been f.iid, imlecd, that when
the ocean is all frozen over, and no fuftcnance to be
procured in this country ; they travel foutbtrly to the
warmer climates, where food proper for them abounds
in the immenfe forefts of the northern continent.

The bear is by far the belt arcommodatrd to the
climate of which he is an inhabitant. Me is equally
at home on land and water, and hunts dilij.'.cntly for
his prey in both. In fummer he finds plenty of fond
tVom the refute of the whales, iVa-horIc?, and fcals,
which is thrown into the foa by the whalers, and co-
ver the fliore during the time of whalini; ; and ihey
have befides a wonilerful la;^acity in iWu-lling out the
carcalles of the dead, let them be ever lo deeply buried
in the earth, or covered with ftoncs. The dead there-
fore that annually are buried bcic, mny contribute, in
fome decree, to the fubliftance of a lew of thefe creil-
tures in winter; but the qucKion wiUftill recur, how
the race of them fubfiftcd before the whale liftiery had
exiftcnce, and before men found the way to this in-
iiofpitable ftiorc. Difquifitiois of this kind, as they
are beyond the reach of human comprehcnfion, ferve
only to raife our ailmiration of that Omnipotent Be-
ing v^lio provides fo wonderfully for his creatures.

rhel'e creatures, as they dift'cr in nothing but their
colour and fize from thofe commonly ihcwn in F.nf^-
land, need iio'defcription. The foxes ditfer little ill
Ihapc from thofe we are .lequaiatcd with) but in co-
lon;- there is no fimilitudc. 'i"heir heads are black,
and their bodies white. As they are bcafts of prey, if
thev do not provide in fummer for the long recefs of
wiiiicr, it were, one would think, almoft impodible
for them to furvivc ; yet they are fecn in plenty,
though by their fubtlcty and fwiftnefs, they are nut
eafy to he catched,

I he Dutch feamcn report, that when they are
hungrv, they will feign thrmlVlvcs dead, and when
the ravenous birds come to feed upon them, they rilis
and make them their prey.

It is moft wonderful how the deer can furvivc an
eight months fiminc. Like ours they feed upon
nothing that can be perceived but the vegetables which
the earth fpontaneoufly produces ; and yet for eight
months in the year, it brings forth neither plant, hcib,
fhrub, or blade of any kind of grafs whatever. They
are befides but thinly clothed for fo fevere a climate,
and what feems ftill worfe, there is not a bu(h to be
fecn to flieltcr them, within thediftance thatanv man
as y<'t has difccvered. The means of their fubfiftancc
mull therefore remain among the fecrcTs of nature,
never to be difclofed, as no human being can ever live
here, fo as to be able to trace thefe creatures to their
winter's refidtncc.

Amphibious creatures abound the moft about thft
founds and bays of Spitlbergen, and they feem bcft
adapted to endure the climate. Thefe are the feals, of
fc.i-dogs, and morles, or fca-horfes; of which the
whalers avail theml'elves, when difappoinred in com-
plcating their lading with the fat of whales.

The leal has been already defcribed ; but the fca-
horfe, as it is a creature peculiar to high latitudes,
is therefore more rare. It is not eafy to fay how he
came by his name. He is not unlike the feal in
fliapc. He has a large round head, larger than that
of a bull, but ftiapcd more like that of a pug dog
withoutears, than any other animal we are acquainted
with. He tapers all the way down to the tail, like
the fift) we call a lump, and hi' fize is equal to that of
thelargeftox. His tufks clofc over his iinder-jaw,
like thofe of a very old boar, and are in length from
■one foot-to two or more, in proportion k) the fizc and
H 7 • 8»«

mam

lit

VOYAGES TO GREENLANO.

(«6r«

age of the animal that breedt thcan> Hit (kin ii
thicker than that of a bull, aad coveted u>ith Ihort
tnoufe-coloured hair, which is flceicer and thicker, juft
■a he happens to be in or out of feafon when he is
caught. His paws, before and behind are like thofe
of a mole, and (erve hitn for oars when he fwinis,
and for legs to crawl when he goes upon the icr, or
on (bore. He is a fierce animal, but being unweildjr
when on land, or on the ice, iseafily overcome.

Thefe animals are always found in herds, fometimct
ef many humlreds together, and if one is attacked,
the reft make it a common caufe, and (land by each
«ther till the laft aafp. If they are attacked' in the
vrater, they will fight defperately, and will even at-
tempt the boats of their purfuers, if any of them are
wounded and not mortally. Some of them have
been known to make holes in the bottom of the boat
with their tuflu, in defence of their young. Their
eyes are large, and they have two holes in the upper
part of the neck, out of which tliey ejei% the water,
in like manner as it is ejedled by whales.

The kt about Spitibergen is full of (i(b. The
mackarel, of which, there are no great plenty, feem
not only to be the mult wholefome, and the m. .1 pa-
latable, but alfo the mod beautiful. They feem to
be a different fpecies from thofe caught upon our
coaft. The upper part of the back is of a vivid blue,
the other part as low as the belly of a gem-like gre> n
on an azure ground. Underneath the belly, thecolo .'
isa tranfparent white, and the (ins (hine like polidted
filver. All the colours glow when alive in the (ea
with fuch a richnefs, that fancy can hardly form to
itfelf anr thing in nature more beautiful. Almoft
all the other fi(h on this coaft are of an oily nature,
and of a very indi(Ferent flavour.

The faw or fword-fi(h, is remarkable not only
for the oddityof his (hape, but alfo for his enmity to
the whale. This (i(h takes its name from a broad
flat bone, in length from two to four fcet, which
projefls from his nofe, and tapers to a point, on each
fide it has teeth like a comb, ;.i. the diftance of a
finger's breadth afunder. He is alfo furnidied with a
double row of (ins, and is of aftonifhing ftrcngth in
the water. His length is from ten to twelve feet.
Me feems to be formed for war, and war is his pro-
felfion. The conflict betwixt him and the whale is
.i.eadful, yet h« never gives over till his fword is
broken, or he comes olF vidoriout.

No fprings of fre(h water are found in Spitfbergen ;
but in the valleys, between the mounuins, are many
lills cau(ed by the rain and melting of the fnow in
fiimmer ; and from thcic rills the (nips are fupplied.
Some are of opinion, that this water is unwholeibme,
but the whaling people have drank of it for ages, and
have found no ill effe&t from the ufe of it. Ice taken
up in the middle of thofe feas and thawed, yields alfo
good frefli water.

There are many harbours about Spitlbergen, where
(hips employed in the whale (ilhery, take (belter in
ftormy weather : and there arc fome iflands, fuch as
Charles's Ifland, the Cliftcd Rock, Red Hill,
Hacluit's Headland, &c. that ferve* as landmarks,
by which feamen direft their courfe. Thefe iflands
are full of the nefts of birds, but their eges are as
naucious as the fle(h of the fowls that lay them.
The failors (bmetimes eat them, but they are (ilthy
food. Even the gecfe and ducks upon the neighbour-
ingiflands eat (ilny and (Irong.

The air hereabouts is never free from iceiclcs.
If one looks through the fun-beams tranfverl'ely in
the (hade, or whcM the rays are confined in a body,
inftead of dark motes as are generally fisen, he will
i^ numbers of particles that fparkle like diamonds ;
and when the fun (bines hot, u it fometimes does,
fo at to melt the tar in the (<;ams of (hipt when they
lie (heltered from the wind, thefe (hining atoms
fcem to melt away, and defcend like dew.

It is fcldom that it continues clear for many
4»ys together in thii climate i when that happens,

the whalers are generally fuccefsful. There it n«
di(rerence between night and day in the appearance of
the atmofphere about Spitlbergen, one being as light
as the other ; only when the Uin it to the northward
you may look at it with the naked eye, as at tbemooa,
without dazzling. The fogs hew come on fo lud-
denly, that from bright fun-lhine, you are prefently
involved in fuch oblcurity, that you can hardly fee
from one end of the (hip to the other.

We have already noticed the opinions of di(rerent
voyagert to Spitfliergen relative to a nortli-eaft pafl°agc.
Many attempts for this difcoverr were nado attcr
the unfortunate one of Sir Hugh Willoughby, among
thofe, few were more remarkable than that t>T
Captain Wood in 1676, who fet out with a full
perfuafion he (hould be able to open a paflage : his
voyage was unfortunate, he (truck upon a ledge of
rocks, and befides which, in endeavouring tu
difcover an opening, perpetually embayed him-

When firft he faw the ice, he imagined it waa
only that which joined t« Greenland^ and that n«
folid body of ice extended farther from land than
twenty leaeues; in this perfuafion, he altered ' li
ceurle, and coafted along in the dircAion in which
the ice lay, cxpfAing, at every cape or head-land of
ice, after running a certain di(tance, to find an
opening into the polar ocean : but after running two
or three glalTes to the northward in one bay, he luund
himfelf intanglcil in another ; and thus it continued
till his (hip was wrecked.

By this experiment he found that of Barents con-
futed, namely. «• That byTleering the middle courii
between Spittbergen and Nova Zembla, in open (ca
might be atuined, in which a (hip might fafcly <ail as
far as the pole." From his own experience, he
therefore, on his return, pronounced it impoflible to
find out thedcfired paflage.

To this pofitivc afllrtion, however, may be op-
poled the teuimony of many creditable perfons, fonie
of whom have ihcmfelves failed beyond tl>e eightieth
degree of north latitude, nnd olhcrs, upon evidence,
whofe veracity there i^ no reafoiiable cauic to bring in
qucflion.

Among the latter may be reckoned the following
tefiiirony. That about the ycir 1670, application
being made to the States Genecal for a charter to in-
corporate a company of merchants to trade to Japan
and China, by a new paflage to the north-eaft, the
then Eaft-India company opnofcd it, and that fa
efledually that their High Mighcineflcs refufed to
grant what the merchants requelfed.

But a proof inconteltabie, is the teftimony of Capt.
Hudfon, who failed in 1607, to the latitude of cighty-
oncdcgrees thirty minute* north, where he arrived
on the i6th of July, the weather being then pretty
warm.

To all this it may be added, that the Dutch, who
were employed in 1670, in cndearouring to find a
north-eaft palTage, advanced within a very few t-Vgrees
of that open fea, which is now commonly navi,!!;uti:4
by the RulEans, and which would have inf.ilhbly
have brought them to the coalts of China and Jaj^.m,
had they perfevered in the courfe they were pur-
fuing.

It does not appear however, from :in)' .:iuhentic
account, that any voyage, profefledly lur the dif»
covery of a nerth-ealt pnTagc, has taxn undertaken
by either public or private adventurers in England,
fince Captain Wood, in the ycu 1676, till of lata
years -, and it is more thrm probable, that if the
Ruffian difcoveries on the north of Afia had never
taken place, no further attempts of fittding a prac-
ticable paflage from Euro))e in that directioi^
would ever more have been thought of.'

Having thus defcribed thefe places, we (hall take
leave ot fuch uncomfortable regions, where we can
feleft nothing farther that may contribute to the
information m entertainment of our readers.

TRAVELS

Ii6;«

III no
let of

llight

nooa,

\fud-

lently

ly fee

r 5>9 i

i..

TRAVELS

t M R O U G H

EUROPE, ASIA, AFRICA and AMERICA.

ACCORDING to our promifc, we (hall now proceed to feled, for the Entertainment and
Inftrudtion of our Readers, a collection of the moft remarkable Travels which have
been undertaken at various times to the different quarters of the globe.

Voyagers, however attentive to the purfuit or knowledge, have rarely been able to give us
any very accurate accounts of great continents, their oblervations being moftly confined to the
countries ftretching along the fea coafts. What they have learned of the interior parts they
have been frequently obliged to take upon hear-fay, and confequently their relations when noc
alfiHed by the accounts of Travellers, have been frequently uncertain and imperfetft.

There are beiidcs many minutix which are more immediately within the fphere of the
Traveller, and are well deferving the attention of the curious Reader; fuch are the defcrip-
tions of the curiofities of art and nature prcferved in various other countries, with many other
particulars too tedious to recapitulate.

All thefe will be attended to, as far as they may contribute to ufeful knowledge, fo that the
Travels will form a counterpart to the Voyages, and both together >.onftitute one, ffw/arw
fyiiiii, anlwering to the plan laid down in our Preface, to which wc mean to adhere with the
rholt Icrupulous exaftnefs.

TRAVELS THROUGH DENMARK, by LORD MOLESV^ORTfi anA
■ J - OTHERS, FROM 1693, TO 1768.

DENMARK, properly fo called, is bounded on all
fides with the fcii, except one final! neck of land,
where it joins to Holftcin ; the German ocean wafhes
It on the weft and north-well; and the entrance into the
Baltic, called the Categatc, on the north and north-
eaft, the Baltic on the eaft, and the river Eyder on
tlic fouth ; which having its fourcc very near the eaft
len, takes Its courfeweftward, and falls into the ocean
at Toningen.

Denmark therefore, comprehending its iflands, lies
in length between 54 degrees 45 minutes, and 58 de-
grees 15 minutes, north latitude, the breadth not
being proportionable to its len;>th in general.

Norway, which lies north horn Denmark, and is
feparatcd frotn it by the fea that is ufually called
the Catenate, is a large and barren country, full of
mountains and fir trees } it reaches from 59 to 71 de-
grees of north Utttude, but is very narrow in refpeil
tu its length. It is bounded on the weft and north F>y
the ocean, on the eaft by Sweden, and the territories
belonging to it ; onthcfouth by the fea lying between
it and Denmark. The fea is fo deep about Norway
that there is no anchorage for (hips, and therefore its
coafts are accouiued the mofl dangerous of any in£u-

Vol. I. No. 45.

rope to run vi-itd in the night, or in' a ftorm, on which
if velFels chance to be driven,' there is no efcaping;
the fliore being all along high rocks, at the very foot
of which one may find two hundred fathoms wa-
ter.

Oldenburg and Delmcnhorft, are two countries iii
Germany that lie together, detached from all the reft
of the king of Denmark's dominions ; the two rivers
Elb and Wcfer, and the Duchy of Bremeli,' inter-
pofing between them and Holftein. They are bounded
on the north-eaft by the 'Wefer; on the weft by Eaft
Friefland, and the country of Embden, on thefouth
by part of the bifhoprick of Munfter. They are a
fmall territory of about thirty-five Engliih miles in
diameter, the middle of which is in the latitude of
33 degrees and a half.

Thereftof tlie King of Denmark's territories (not
mentioned in the enumeration of his titles are) the
Iflands of Feroe, and Iceland in the northern occan^
St. Thoma.s, one of the Caribbcc Iflands in the Wert
Indies, and a fort upon the coaft of Guinea,' called
Chriftianlburg, and another in the Eaft Indies called
Tranquebar. He has likewifc a toll at Elfleet upon
the river Wcfw.

6 U Thn$

TRAVELS THROC'GH DENMARK.

f<f>9j.

TIuH Dcnnuik connds of mnny iflands in the
llaltic I'cn, and of that p.irt of the continent which
is now called Jutland. This is the largcll and moll
fertile country, but the iflands arc more confiderable
in regard of their fituation, cfpccially /eland, be-
caufe Copenhagen, the chief city of Dcnrnaric, is
ieati'd in it, and the famous pall'ige of the Sound is
bordered by its (hore, where, on the narrowell part
of the toan hllenorc flands.

Zealand ib ahnoll n circular figure, and contains
about iSo Englilh miles in circumference. Its fer-
tility is but indiflVrent, there being no bread-corn
growing in any part of it, except rye, which indeed
is in gocd quantity, .nnd of which moft of their
bread is made. There arc few meadows in it, and
yet there is no want of good hay ; moft of their grafs,
which is fhort and fweet, grows by the fides of the
corn-.ficlJsjOrinfomefcattcicd I'pots of marih jjroiind.
It has no rivers, njr above half a fcore of brooks that
are able ro turn a mill; to fupply this, there arc a
great nuiirber of fine lakes lufficiently Itorcd with fifli.
'i'lie face of the land is ple.ifant, iliverfificd with lit-
tle hills, woods, and rivulets, in .i very agreeable
manner. Amoii;j;ft the fea-ports, that of Copen-
hagen is a very fine one, and is a great addition to the
city.

Denmark is one of thof- ftatcs which has arifen
from fmall beginnings. Though, as a people, the
Danes were early known in the world, and, under
the name of Ealleilings, in common with the Nor-
wegians and other nations, infelied with their piracy
the German and Britifli ocean. Our own liiftory in-
forms us what depredations they committed upon our
Sa)ton anceftors, as foon as the heptarchy was fettled
in England, till after numerous battles fought with
various fuccefs, they got firft footing in the i/lami,
and partly by conqueft, and partly by agreement, ef-
tabliflied fovereigns of the Danilh line upon the throne
of Britain.

At the period we are fpeaking of, piracies carried on
by great fleets were not looked upon asdiflionourablc.
Either the expcflation of plunder, or the dtfirc
of fceking new habitations, was e.vcufe fufficient
for one people to make defccnts upon another, and in
thefe contefts the conqueror was always in the right.

But as arts and commerce dawned upon the world,
mankind began to be more civilized, and to entertain
i lifter notions of things. That rettlcfs fpirit which
ti.id fo long anim.ited the northern nations, fubfided by
degrees, and thofe Eaftcrlings that had fo long been
the terror of their neigJibours, fettled into peaceable
Hates, loling much of their lavage ferocity, but ftill
generally keeping the flame of freedom alive among
them.

It is true, that we muftexpeft to meet with a vaft
difl^rence between the ch.ira;flers of the ancient
and modern Danes, as well as in the defcriptien of
their land at thefe different periods of time. The
improvcmets in agriculture which have taken place,
have altered the face of the country ; the progrefs of
arts, has changed the manners of the people ; and
Denmark has now her proportionate weight in the
fcale of the European powers.

Copenhagen, (according to modern authors) the
capital of Denmark, is a fine city, and the ftroiigeft"
place in his Danifli majefty's dominions. It is fitu-
atcd in a low marfli, furroundcd by the country
cf Rofkild i this makes it by nature ftrong,
and the numerous works added to it, in the modern
ftilc of fortilication, incrcafe the ihength greatly.
The moft ftriking objecf, is the harbour and the na-
val arfcnal j it is capacious enough to hold 500 men
of war, and yet only one fhip can come in at a time ;
the entrance, fmall as it is, is defended by feveral
great giins, and there are feveral platforms near it,
with three forts. There arc no tides in the Baltic,
but the depth of water in the haibour, renders it per-
fedly fecure for the greateft ftiips, fo that it is juftly
reckoned one of ih:' bed havens in the world. The
king's fleet lies regularly arranged between boom?, and

>^;ainft ihem magazines, with the name of each fliip,
on the door of the ftore rooms, belonging to her ; and
every thing is kept in the completell order. The ad-
miralty is on the haven, which contains, befules tliele
magazines, numerous others ( thcarfeiians very will
furiiilhed with cannon and other military ftores ^ ai;J
ji'djoiniiig to thefe buildings, is a citidal, wliich ci.ni-
mands the harbour.

The royal palace is a fine buliding, very fpaciou«,
and fome of the apartments m.ignificent. Tim
court is a brilliant and military one, for the number
of officers are great ; the very garrifon of Copenha-rn
alone amounts to 10,000 men, bcfides the kh^^'t
guards, which arc very fine, fliewy, and well difci; -
Hned fet of men. The ftanding forces of the king-
dom are about 40,000 men, 14,000 of which .tr<: ca-
valry, and the reft infantry i a confideiable num-
ber of thefe are militia, hut then the militia of thi»
country is as regularly, and as well dilciplincd, as
the regular troops ; and for about two months in the
year, they aie embodied, and in aitual dilcipline; a
part of which time, they form the garrifon of Copen-
hagen, and arc ininicdiately under the eye of the
kin§.

'i he troops of Denmark, have a very good charac-
ter for bravery and obedience, the two great cficntials
in a foldier ; but the number kept up is much greater
than it ought to be, fincc Denmark furnifhes nine-
tcnths of them, Norway fupplying only fcamcn; and
their boifterous coaft form them la bold and hiirdv,
that none arc accounted better. None of the domi-
nions, c;ictpt partial diftri(5is, are well peopkd ; and
fuch a numerous body of troops, many of whom a;c
taken from their own peafants, is doing a gicat mif-
chicf to agriculture.

Many of the regiments are filled with foreigner:,
particularly Germans and Poles j and there are urcat
numbers of foreign officers in all the corps ; thisis to
keep the nation in the more Ani\ obedience.

The princes that have fet upon the throne of Den-
mark have been, (incc the revolution, remarkable for
their abilities, and for purfuiiig the real intereils of
the country.

At a certain period, thecommons difguftcd wi.h the
tyrannical behaviour of the nobles, went to the palace,
and made an ofter of their lives, libtrtics, and piopci-
ties to the king, without evru- a(king the concurrence
of the third eftatc : but the nobles were utterly againft
the meafure; and though they agreed in it nt laft,
yet every writer is fufficiently clear, that it was by
force they came into the agreement.

There are feveral new manufadlorics at Copen-
hagen, called royal ones, from being cftab'.iftied at
the king's expcnce ; the chief of thefe are the woollen
ones; here are more than 400 looms for weaving moft
forts of cloths, from the fineft, for the wear of the
king himfelf, and his court, to coarfcr forts f«r
cloathing the army. There are a great number of
hands employed in thefe, and fome late meafiires have
been taken to incrcafe them, and with fuch fuccefs,
that if they went on with as good a progrel's in future,
as they have done hitherto, it is faiJ, they would not
only cloath all the army, but completely fupply the
whole demand of Copenhagen, and alio make all that
was wanted to export to the Eaft Indies.

The improvements in agriculture, which have
lieen made with attention and care, arc verv
great and confpicuous in many parts of the king's
dominions j and nothing can exceed the means which
have been taken in this work to Hccoinplifh the end.
The former bad ftate of this kingdom, w.is greatly
owing to the mil'cry under which the pcafants groaned.
This has been every where mollified : they have had
numerous edi£ls in their favour, villainage is in
many diftriiSfs abolifhed, and the nobles and gentry
prevented by fevcre laws, from trampling upon the
lower clafl'es, in the manner they too commonly did
formerly.

The'late king fent feveral very able men to travel
through England, in order to report to him on ih.ir

return.

1 HirifWMy li iitf-^Ut

1693-)

t R A V E L S THROUGH D i: N AI A R K.

is*

return, tlic peculiarities, laws, cuftoms, anil coniluci,
Mhich ill that kiiigilom ftcitieii to be mod conducive
to the well bcinj of hulbandry. 'I'heir journey was
fXTCutcd with i;reat ability, aiul from their memoirs
his majcfty aiul niiiiiltiTs were enabled to jiid|;c what
was, and what was not, prai!tirablf in Denmark.
'I'ht grand articles were, to give more freedom to the
cl.ifs of cultivators, to fecure their property, toabolirti
multipliable taxes, and to lett farms on lonjj Icafes
with covenants of improvements. Thefc were the
great heads of the report, and the points upon which
they niolf infifted, as thofc which were the crcateft
bencRt in England. They oftcred numerous inferior
ones, upon the particular conduft of certain foils,
upon draining, manuring, ploughing, &c. Imple-
ments were fent over as patterns, and fome ingenious
men toinflriift tlieniin the ufc of them; and the king,
in order to prtferve the knowledge thus gained, fixed
thofe, with haiidfomc falaries, on his crown lands,
with their implements, and dircilcd each to manage
a given quantity of land according to the Englim
husbandry. The miii who worked under them for
three years, were then changed, and fent to other
eftatcs, and frefli ones inllrudted, and the implements
were on courfe multiplied with all of them ; fo that
at this time there arc a great number in conflant ufe
in different parts of the kingdom. The general cffciils
of fuch meafurcs arc not immediately felt, but the
confequences of the principal parts of the fchcme have
been rapid and great, particularly the letting lands
on Icafes of improvement, which the king put in ex-
ecution upon the crown lands immediately, and upon
a large fcale ; and by his recommendaticiis to the
nobility, &c. and granting privileges to eftates, in
this management, the method fpreads fo much, that
if the fpirit which now animates the kingdom, lalls
but for half a century, Denmark may probably be as
well cultivated as fome parts of England, and thole
not the worft. Anotherencour.ngcnient which his late
majefty gave to agriculture, was, ordering the beft
books on that fubje£l in the French, Englifh, and
German languages, to be tranllated into Danifli, aiul
many complete fets of thcfe he made prefents to fuch
of his fubjet^s, as made themfelves at all known by
any undertaking in agriculture beyond the common
pradlice. He alfo puhliflicd the olFer of confider-
able premiums to be annually diftributed kmong the
tenants of the royal demcfncs, who excelled the moil
in works of this nature.

In the fine arts, the Daoes are no proficients ; they
have not encouragement enough to make any progrefs.
'I"he kingdom is too poor to yield a market even to
great portrait painters ; nothing can ever carry the
ime, which in faol are the luxurious arts, to any dc-
ilji'ce of height, but a |>crIod full of wealth ; in which
luxury abounds to an high degree, and wherein the
artift may find plenty of employment from the great
ami rich, and be at the fame time very well paid for
it. The only art that makes any decent figure at
Copenhagen, is niufic, which fiourilhes pretty much
at their concerts.

Copenhagen principally flouriflies from the refi-
denceof the court i this is much the moil brilliant
objecfl in Denmark. There are many great oificers
of ilate with conftderahle appointments; thcfe, with
the numerous infciior ones, and the guards, tend to
render the toan j;r.y.

The Daiiilh army is kept in very good order, and
well difciplincd : the men arc picked, and their
fc-loathing is in general very neat. We have already
mentioned, that they are not all embodied at a time,
but they could draw together, at a fliort notice, about
40,000 men, with a fine train of artillery and all
itorcs proportioned. This renders the king a re-
fpe£iable monarch, in the military light, among the
powers of the north ; and has certainly been one
reafon for the long peace, in which two or three very
wife kings have kept their dominions. Denmark has
nothing to fear from any of its neighbours, except
Kuifia, with whom (he cannot compare in force.

The revenues of Denmark have been increafing
gradually for fifty years 1 but the two lall king>, at
the fame time that they did many great things
for the good of their fubjcdls, and th^; ornament of
their kingdom ; and even aholiflicd fomo taxes, that
were the mull burthenfonie, greatly improved the
royal income.

The kings army, if fubfidics be reckoned, and the
great numbers to whom he finds nothing but amis, coils
him little, though there have been Ibme years in which
Denmark has bten without any treaties of fubiidy.
His navy is maintained at a very eafy rate, the num-
ber in coiiAaiu piiy in times of profound peace, is nut
confiderable ; the reil arc retained by a month's pay
in the yeir, to be ready at a call, and which they
find a mod excclknt way ; fo that the expcnce of tlie
navy is little more than the building and lebuiUIinj
ihips, and filling the llores and magazines.

Ihe increalb of the royal revenue cpf Denmark,
has been alnioil fulely owing to a general inipruvtrnent
in the riches and welfare of th.* nation, and nut, in a
fingle inUance, tc the addition of t.axcs. Thcin-
creafe of the trade, the eilabliihment of manufadures,
and the improvement of lands, have all aildcd to the
general income of the people, and increaled the num-
ber of the people themfelves ; and where taxes are at
all general, as they are in Denmark, and indeed in
riioilof the counties in Europe, all incrcafe of income
inim'diately makes taxes more productive; becnufc
the fame taxes produce more in proportion, as the
v/ealth of the people increafes, and as they, confe-
qucntly, can atlord to make a more free ufe of the
things and commodities that arc taxed. oo that
it follows, l^at Denmark is not to be fuppofcd poor,
in proportion ,'o the increafc of the king's revenue.
On the contrary the kingdom bids fair to flouiiih,
as it appears to be continually improving.

" From all the opportunities I have had of feeing
and converfingwith the Danes (fays a modern author)
which I have done with all ranks, they appear to be a
brave, courteous, and humane people. I'he fuperior
dalles are of an high fpirit, and have as much viva-
city in them as any people in Europe, the French
alone excepted. They arc (hewy and fond of magni-
ficence, and live in a mean between the Englifh and
the Germans, more fumptuous than the latter, but
not with i'uch a general confiftcncy as the former ; but
I fpeak here of their nobility only. In their drefs,
the French faihions arc generally followed, and the
language of that nation is alfo univerfal among them<
In their houl'es, they are expenfive not only in the ar-
chitedlure, but alfo in the furniture, exceeding in this
refpe^ the Germans, but not equalling the Engliih.
At their tables they refcmble the Germans moft for
cookery, but do not fit fo long at their meals. In
Germany, four courfes and a defart will hold, upon
a moderate computation, four hours and a half, which
in England is difpatched in one. But the Danes is
between the two, fcldom rifing however under the two
hours. Some of the nobility are very expenfive in
French cooks, but it is not general. In their wines,
they are particularly curious ; nor do I-in any coun-
try remember tailing a greater variety, or better of
thefort. Their tables arc admirably well ferved wit|i
fifli, particularly of freih water : and have fea fiih in
great abundance, though not of the beft ibrts. Wild
fowl they abound greatly in, and have a greater variety
than we in England ; their venifon is excellent ; but
their butchers meat is not, the whole not to be com-
pared to that of the Fnglifh. All the rich nobility
have hot houfes, and hot vv^lls, fronted with glafs^
in their gardens; yet for want of a complete know-
ledge in the management of the plants, their fruit in
general is bad. In other Ibrts of provifions they have
upon a par with their neighbours ; and their impor-
tations of various eatables of luxury have much in-
crealed of late years.

" If .-in account is taken in all thcfe particulars of
the next clafs of the people, the gentry, thtre will
appear a greater difTcrciice between them and the fame

■-'■■ ' • , rank

S3»

TfeAVKLLS tflRdu^H t) E S ii A V. k

f't'»3

i AS.

rnnk in England, than hrtwci-n the D.iiiifli nnd the
Kngli/h nohility. They are ivjt (<.< t<.iiil(irt:ibly in
thoir CMciinift.iiircs, (caiccly Jiiy ot thchi arciheiiiii^
ters ot' Inch illalcs as to carry tht m nlinutt to par with
the nobles which is fo common in uui country. Con-
fiJering that u great part of the nobility make a very
had llbnic fi^uie, the gentry <io not proportionably
e4ual thvin.

** The lower claiTcs are not comparable to ours,
in cafe ant) happinefs ) but they are by no means in
thiit ilatc of abfolutc flavery, they were in Mr.
Molefwurth's time. Several cdiifts and regulations
have been publiflied by the crown far reftraining the
ancient villainage, and a great number uf cafes fpe-
cificd, in \vhic:> they gain thiir freedom ; and as to
the lower inhabitant's uf the towns and cities, they
have the fame freedom as in other .ibfolute countries.

" As to the perfons and manners of the lower
clafles, they are generally as well made and as flout
as the Germans ; they make good fuldiers, and with
any gentle ufage, are very docile niul truiflable. Their
manners have qpthing of diflin^uilhing brutality in
them ; they are in the villages, ignorant and down-
ifli i but I have travelled through fcveral countries
where the poor people arc much more contemptible.
With proper inltruifiions, 1 believe there are none in
Europe j would make better hufbandmvn and f-irmersj
tor the peafnnts, whether free or not, arc liitle far-
mers i and many of them manage their fmall fjuits of
ground in fuch a manner, that there can be no doubt,
tiut under more favourable circumftances they would
equal their neighbours in every thing belonging to
the culture of the earth.

" 'J"he Danifli army finds emplovment for many
young men of fmall fortune, who Icrvc in order to
j'jin a gcniv'tl niaiiitcnancc, and tlic iniploymcnts
about ttij court, of the lower fort, provide for others j
J'omc ai)|)ly thcmfulves to trade voluntarily, in order
to rail'-- foiaiii„j, r.nd freely embark for the Eaft and
the Wcdindies, and in the profecution of thcl'e pur-
fuits, they aic remarkably diligent and indefatigable;
and many of fuch as fi.ck their fortunes abroad, return
home With very good ones, efpccially lincc the late
cncoura;icmi.iit tliat has been given to commerce ; for
(luring tlicfc latter rtigns, there has been a regular
•ittention to cveiy thing that could promote the in-
tcreft of trade, and no aAs of injuOicc or opprcflioii,
againfl thole who have bettered their circumftances by
iiny kind of induftry, have been known in the crown,
or I'uftered in any of the great men.

" In their diverfions, the Danes follow the fa-
Ihions of the French and Englilh : cards make a
greater progrefs than formerly, and the wives of the
nobility, and of fuch other clafles as can alTord it,
have at Co|)enhngen their alfcmblies almoft as rcgu-
laily as any at London. The men arc great chefs
players ; it is a game thty are very fond of, and which
is more conmionly introduced at their vifits than in
England : billiards and tennis are alfo common at
Copenhagen. The theatre is French, though they
have lately eftabliflicd a Danifh one, where pieces
trandated from the Englifh and French are indiffer-
t-ntly perfornr m\ : attempts have been made of an
Italian opera but without fuccefs.

> " Learning of all kinds is but at a low ebb, to fay
the truth, the encouragement, which has flowed am-
ply from the crown, during the two laft reigns, has

-been almoft exclufively in favour of objc^ls of utility.
Trade, manufaflurcs, and agriculture, have been
much more attended tu than the cultivation of litera-
ture and the fciences ; though an acidemy was found-
ed, but it has not been very piodudive. The laws
of Denmark arc very famous for their brevity and ex-
cellence, but then their brevity leaves To much in the
bieafVof the judge, that it is little more than a dele-
gate of defpotifm. The throne of Denmark has, of
late years, been filled with able princes, who have
ilicwn, in every deportment of the ftate, fuch fpirited
condu£V, with fo much attention to the welfare of

' ihtir fubjed', that I have no doubt> but the laws

have been well and imparti.illy executed ; ind whili*
luth a tight hand is held over all orders of the pcoj-li;'
in power, of wh'atfoever kind, I can eafily ((uictive
many bft/Tinas to flow fiom tlicfi; ftiort 'liws; but
what would they be under a negll^int one i"'

Haviiur mentioned the revolution Iiv which the
king of Denmark becume abfulute, we itiall here guc
the leader an account of that important event.

After the conclufion of the peace between thr tw<»
Northern crowns, Anno i5(jo, lim-c confiderable ctic
and time was necellary to rednfs the dil'oiiicrs occa-
fioncd by fo terrible a war. Denmark h.id brrn mod
violently fliaken ) .^uid allhniij^h the fuiy of ilie tem-
pefl was over, the .igitation raufcd Iry it ftill conti-
nued: The army was not vet dilh.inded, nor could
be for want of money to dilcharge its airc.irs; this
caufed frequent infolcnciis in the folJier;:, with a

further oppreflion of the burgers and poor country
people, who had been in a manner already ruined by
the mileries attending the war. 'J'hc nobility, though'

lords and maflers, were full of diTcontents, and the
clergy not in the condition they wifllcd. I'o redrefs
all fuch grievances, and reduce afTairs into fomc
order, by procuring money for the payment and dif-
bandingof th« army, tlic king thought lit to appoint
a meeting of the three eflatcs at Copenhagen, viz. the
nobility, the commonality, and clergy ; which ac-
cordingly followed about the middle of (JiHober : af-
ter fome days felfion, during which the nobility, ac-
cording to their ufual praiftice, debated how the funis
of money requifite might with greatcft cafe and con-
veniency be levied upon the commons, without the?
IcafV intention of bearing any propeirtionable Iharc
themfclves. Several difputcs arofe, and many iharp
cxprtffions pcfled between them and the commons ;
on one hand the nobility Were for maintaining their
anticnt prerogative of paying nothing by way of tax,
but only by voluntary contributions; and (hewed
themfelves too ftift' at a time when the country wa«
cxhaufled, and mod of the remaining riches lodged
in th'.'ir hands ; they feemed to make ufe of thi.<i oc-
cafion, not only to vindicate, but even to enlarge their
privilege* ibove the other two eftates, by laying im-
pcfitioiis upon them at plealure, whit-h weight they
would not touch th- Tifelves any farther, than as they
thought fit. On the other hand, the clergy for their
late adherence to the intereft of their country, and the
burgers for the vigorous defence of tlirir city,
thought they might juffly pretend to new nirni,
and be confidercd at leaft as good fiibjcAs in n
rtatc, which they themfclves had fo refohitcly
defended. They remembered the great promiles
made them when dangerous enterprifes were to
be taken in hand, and how fucccl'sliilly they ha<1
executed them, thereby faying from a foreign yoak,
not only the city of Copenhagen, hut the whole
kingdom, the royal family, and even thofe nobles that
dealt fo hard with them : they judged it therefore
reafonable, that the fum« of money neceflary, fliould
be levied proportionably, and that the nobility, who
enjoyed all the lands, mould at lead pay their fhare
of the taxes, fince they had fulFcred lefs in the com-
mon calamity, as well as done Icfs to prevent thr
progrefs gf it.

'f his manner of arguing was very difpleafing in
the nobles, and occafioned many high words on both
fides : at length a principal fenator, called Otto
Craeg, flood up, anet told the prcfident of the city,
That the commons neither undcrflood nor confidercd
the privileges of the nobility, who at all times had
been exempted from taxes, or the true condition of
themfelves, who were no other than flaves : lb that
their beft way was to keep within their own bounds
and acquicfe in fuch meafures as antient practice had
warranted, and which they were refolved to maintain.
This Word flaves, put all the burgers and clergy into
diforder, caufingaioud murmur in the hall ; which
Nanfon, the prefident of the city of Copenh9|;cn, and
Speaker of the Houfe of Commons, perceiving, and
finding a fit occafion of putting in praAice a delign
j before

I7fi8-]

T R A V V. I, S r K R O U C, U D V. N M A R K.

<33

which
anJ

biloic coiicortcil (ilinu",h but wiakly) bft.vrcii liim
ail i the hilliop, ill yrc.it iuij'i'r rcilc out ci|' Ins lial,
and IwiirL' an o.itli, " That llu' tonimcm w ic no
fl.ivcs, nor liiini iIu-ikcIoiiIi hf cillcd lo by llic no-
bilily. wliiili ilii'y llioiiki lu'iii piovc ti) ilieir co(t i"
ami iiii.iii ivhiih, bri'akiiw up tin- iiflniibly in ilifoi'-
ilcr, and (Itparliii;; out ot' die ball, w.ii iVdbr.vcJ by
all tbciKi ;v aiul buri'.crs, tbe nr.lilus iR-ing bit ab.iic
to ciuUuii U'illi ibcinl'Ivcs at tbcir kiluu', i.lt' r a
little u liilc .nljuuriKil to a'private biiuic mar the rourt.
In ihi- mean time the tdiniinuis, beiny provoke! to
tbe high'. Il Jegre', arul rtfulvin;; to put tlieir thrMts
in iXLtutiiiii, iii.ui.lml proccirnin.illy by couple^, a
cUrgjinan aihl a i-ijir.r.;";ici , lV;>iu 'he i 't.it h.ill <ii
parli.uiiynt biiul., t(i thi' brf.vti\ bull, whi.bw.i-.
the 1111)11 convnii. nt pb.ue tliev couM pirtli iiponlo
ill .ip:irt iVoiii tlic imbb's, tile blllicp of Cnpeii'i;\ ^ai,
anil lb; |,r'.liJriit ol iht- city, leaJin^; them. It w.i.
there i!uiu;;ht neccll'.iry to confider Ipicdily ot tbe moll
cluvtu'.l means to lui picl's the intollcr.tble priJc of
the nobility, and Ik. u to mend tlieli own comlitioii :
alter many debates, tlicy concluded, tb.it they IhoulJ
iniineui.iielv v/. lit upon the kin:j, and ofl'er liiiii lb' ir
votes and aliilt.mcc to be abl'olutc inonarcli of the
realm, as alio tli:it the i rown (linuld delccnd by in-
licril;ince to liis I'.imily, vvbieli hitherto had gone by
rleclioii. They promired ihemleKes the kiii;i woul I
li.ivc logieat oMi;.',.ilion5 to tluni for this pit CO of fer-
viei, tliat hj uoubl [;rant andVonfirni fuch priviledges
as llioul J place ilieni .ibove the d.-rec of (laves, 'i'bey
knew li.' had hitiicrto been curbj.l by the no\)i!ity in a
gre.'.t ine.ilure, an. I now faw their o.vn foicr, bein;^
iib'c (liiiee tiny bad arms in their own hands, and tbe
com uirtiKo of the loUliers) to perform wli.it they iin-
deitonk. At I lie u orlV, they fuppoled they (hould
Milv ehanr ■ m.iny m. .iters (or one, ind could better
lu'.ir h.ir.bii.ps from a kiny; than from inferior p; rlbns :
or ii' liv.ir c.ile w.is not bettered, at leall tbny thought
it l.)iiie coinlort to have more company in it j be-
flJes the latisl'aiilion of revenge on tbol'c that hitherto
not onlv ul'ed thcin ill, but inCiilteJ over them lo
lately. ''I'my knew the kin^, and had den him bear
with admir.ible patii.iKe and conftancy ;iil hiscuUmi-
tiey, were peiluadcd be was a valiant prince, who bad
tift.'n exp.ilcd his perfon for the fake of the public,
and tlv lelore liioiij^lit iliey touKi never. Ij enough to
fiKW their gr.itiiude, which is the ul'unl temper of the
people upon any fort of benefit received from their
prince.

.Sc.itcely was this propofed but it W.1S agreed to, and
tiotliing but the unlealbnahlcnrCjof the time (it being
then iieir ni.;lit) deferud the immediate execution of
it; but all the necellary meafures were taken againft
the next moining.

Tb -• cle:g,y h.id a further drift in this change of go-
vcrnmeiir ; for having been hitherto kept under by
the nobiliiy, thcv forecified to have no other fuperior
but the king, whofe nc.v authority they cngat;ed to
ina.ntain by the influence they had on the coni'cienccs
of the p ople ; expecting, with realbn, tb.c like fa-
vours -.'iid protcclion from the king, together with an
iiicreall- of ihcir power ; (incc he was in a great mca-
furc obliged to them for his own ; and the benefits
were likely to be mutual for the future ; the one hav-
ing; the forcr, the other tbe lie of religion in their pof-
feillon, which contraifls ("ub(ills to this day, to the
great adiantago of both (ides.

The court was not ignorant all this while of what
pafl'ed ; they wanted no l])ie>, no mcflengcrs to give
iiotiee of tiie diieontcnt of the commoners. Hanni-
bal Seeiltde, a I'enfible man, was prime minifter ;
and thebilliop, or luperintendent Swan, with Nan-
fon the (peakcr of the houfe of commons, were his
creatures: thcfe bad formcr'v in fccrct laid the dcfign,
wbicli was now upon the point of difclofing, though
their hopes were hardly laid (b liii'Ji, as to promilc
themfelves fuch mi;,hty fuccefs. Tlie whole night
palled in brigues and mcllenjers, the commons anger
was to be kept up to the rtquilue bc'^br, and the re-
foUltion they h.ul taken the iiighl bcfuicuot to be I'uf-

VoL. I. No. 46,

('.red to cool, but perfulcd in t'tinu-s the nc.yt .r^rn-
iiig. The ([iicen, ;i wom.in of in!: igu- .ind l'i;;,'i (pi-
nt, wroii^h'. (lrcn;jly in i: by all n. iiner ol v.iys<
.. hint the l.iiij, citn;i thii'U^'li doubt of the event, or
linl'e of ihcdillioneliy ^nd eliiiv of the aiitor^, in pt"-
euring afl:r (i:c!i a mar.nrr the abloluto domiaion of
.1 free country, could h.\rdly be b i>ii^ht to con.ply
uilhit. Hc'detLiied tli:it ii:de;d he llioiild b'- pica eit
ihe (Mvereinnty uere entai!..d lui hi> family, piuii.ltd
it were done by univeiCal coiuent; but to beeomc ab-
lohitc and a:bitra:y, was neither his dvliio, nor did
he think it lor ih'- henrlit of tie kuu;J.ini i that Ur
was (ali^tled he liiculd not mah.eill uli ot I'uehan un-
limited i.iiihoiiiy, but no body kiiev/ what lucc.Kors
he might have i lii;itituas therefore d.o> >' rous both
(or them to;;ivc , an.l hini to receiic fuch .1 povjiras
mi^ht be :ibu(ed in lutuie tin s to the u'tei ruinot'_
ihe naiioii.

IJut thtl'c redeeTions, v.hcther t'lcy W' re real, or
only pretence-, v\ hetlier la.i.ed by the piety or we,.k-
ne.s of the kiiii^, were Coon ovcr-mled by the mare
.iinbiiious and mafi uline fpiritof the queen, wtio dc-
(ircd him to (it (till, and Tee Jiow flic and her tiuiliaritj
would work for him ; told him, t! at tiie plot was
well laid, and bad began to operate jiroi'peioully ; tb.ic
he muit not ob'irucl lii> own and his families r'.ood
fortune; and in iiiie, (b Car prei./ihd on him, liiaC
he (icnied wiih fear to conCent 10 it, and permit ihac
wiiich he very much dclircil. Ifuing however
bylhiiihcwof iinwillin;, iiefs, kft open to hiinklt"
a door of reconciliation with his people, in tale ihc
hufmefs did not ("uceced.

All this while the nobles cither had none, or but ('mail
intimation of ihe proceedings o( tiie commons, they had
been u((:d lb long to (light and tyianni/.c over, that they
were not now (cnCible of any impending danger iroin
them, contemning their thicat, as well as their per-
loiis, and imagining they would have repi:iUed tho
next day, and comply with all that (hould be de-
manded of them i but the plot was deeper laid than
they fuppoCtd ; for not only the piime minilter,
but (bme other members of their own body, who h.iJ
employments depending on tbe court, wtn- engaged in
it. 1 his inadvertency, with tbe want of reijuilits
courage upon the occafion, brought upon tliem tiie
niiCchitf on a Cuddcn ; (o that except two or three
who were more than ordinary doubttuCof what'm.gi'iv
happen, and dipt out of the town that night, the reft
were altogether I'earleCs of danger, till the very inftant
that the evil was pafl remedy.

Sch;ick, tliegoverno. of the town had been gained
by the court to favour the dedgn, which he performed
eft'eftually, though not with (o fervilc an intention ai
others; (or when the king, upon the tirlt news cf ths
refolution of the commons, did often openly promile
that he would in gratitude, recompencj and declare
them all free, as foon as it lay in his power, by the
gift they were about to make him, and the people
were willing to truft the king's goodfttTs, a:id to de-
pend on the peribrmance of this promiCe, encou-
raged thereunto by the clergy, who alledged it a
thing unbeCeeming and difhonourablc to require any-
Other Security from tho king than his bare word : yrt
Schack urged vehemently that the commons lliouid
infifl: to have this promife under the king's hand, and
make themfelves (urc of the reward (or lb conquerable
a prefent as they were going to make, vvliilft ihev had
(b ("air an opportunity in their hands. Jiut all his in-
(taiiccs were in vain ; th«y were in the ;;i\ ing humour,
and relblvcd to do it gcneroufly, trulting the king (or
the pcrCormance if his word ; a thhii; which they'
have fincc, often, though too late, repented of.

The next morning, the nobles met in the council
houfe, and the other two electors in the brev.-crs bail,
the refolution of the commons could not be kept lo
fecict, but by this time feme warm rumours of it
h:id reached the nobility ; but fcarcely had they Iciluro
to confider what was fit to be done on that cccallin,
when they were informed that the commona wrier
marching towards them > ferthe biihop and the prcfw

53+

TRAVELS THROUGH DENMARK.

dent had llivNcIl pcrrurmcd their parti, anJ urged the
ni'C< i'iiy ot' l'|jL-cilily txccutiri^ what had been refulvcd
rn till iljy helorc j th.it pII lime was judged loft which
w.i'< not rmpluyid in putting; it in practice ; they im-

r,7f,8

r/i r» • • /

iiiiili.itely .igrc'cd to t;() to thciouncil-houfc, und there
proponiid tn llie ncbilitv their defij;n, dthrinp; their
ciincuirtiicf in luih a nrcellary work, for the wel-
fare of the kiiif;diim. 'I'hey marched throuch the
flreets «itli great gravity and filence, by couples, as
befcrc, whilll the mob, by repeated Ihouts, applauded
what they were going to do. And thus they came to
the houfr whi re ilie nobles were all'enibled, who liad
fcarcc waniiiu; fnfficicnt to receive them.

Thepreli li ntNanlon made a (hort harangue, fctting
forth that ''" •/ had confideicd the ftalc of the nation,
anil thnt lb y found the only remedy for the many
diforJcrs which aflictid it, was to make the crown
heriiiii.i V, and to give more power to the kiii^; than
hitherto had been enjoyed ; that this refolution was
alreail) t\kni by the commons and clergy, in which
if the mb lity (houKI think fit to concur, they were
ready to atcompanv' them to the kinij, and n\Ar him
a tender of an hereditary and (jvcn-i^n donuu. n j il
not, that they were goint; tlienifi Ives, and the inattti
would be doiie without them ; that a fpecdy refolution
was neccdhry, for they h.'d alrc.iily fent word to tlic
court of their coming, and his majefty expciSled them
in the hall of his palace; therefore ilefired to be in-
lormed in a few word'! what they refolved to do.

'Ihe fuddennclsof fuch a propofition, andbriflcnef-.
in the manner of its delivery, caufcd a general afto-
nilhmcnt inthe nobles J one might have fecn tliofe
who but the day before carried it fo proudly, in an
inllant fall to an excefs of complacency, and betray
their fear by their fpecchci and countenances, as they
formerly had done their arogancc. The mifchicf no
fooner appeared to thcin, but they faw it was unavoid-
able i there was no Icifurc allowed them to confult ;
and to deny their compliance, or even to del.iy it,
was dangerous. To give up at once their beloved
power, and to fubmit their necks to a heavy yoak,
was an intolerable grievance : but they faw they were
jio longer mailers i the commons were armed, the ar-
my and clergy againft them ; and they found now too
Jate, that what the day before they had coiiifidered only

a, tl«1f oPa'.runcl^tfr^nl'gVdSy'muTtU~de,' ^
Buided by wifer heads, and fupported by cncourage-
|"ents from court; .nay, poffibly by fome of their
own body : they fufpeaed each other, and no man
knew whether his next neighbour was not in the plot
aeainlV the public liberty. It is cafy to imagine what
dillracled thoughts affliaed them on a fuddcn, they
were altogether"^ unprepared for iuch a dilmal ftroke :
but fome anfwer muft be given, and that fpL|cdily.
Surh a one as they had a mind to give, they durll not ;
for they were affembled in a fortified «own, remote
from their feveral countries and interefts (where they
had governed Ikefo many prinees) in the power ot
.hofi who could, and certainly would be revenged in
,afe they proved refradory. 1 he beft way the.efore
was to icem to approve of what they could not hm-
der. They anfwered. That the propofitions iiiadc to
them by the commons was not difpleafing, but the
manner of it wanted the requilite formalities; that
previous deliberation was neceffary to an aftair of lo
Ireat moment; that they could not b"t «ake it .11,
a refolution of fuch confequcnce niogld be concluded
un by the commons without the leaft acciuainting the
nobility with it, who were the chief cftate of the
tcalm : that they alfo afpired tothehonour of bearing
their part in bellowing fuch a material gift on the
kmz and his pofterity, but dcfired that the matter
mi'.ht be proceeded on with that gravity, and folem-
nity, which the nature of it required. 1 hat it was
not tit fuch a wei{<.hty tianfaaion fhould have the
appearance of a tumult, and feemed forced rather
than a free choice, -niccimcluhon of a 1 was, 1 hat
they hoped the commons would a little defer the put-
tini; in execution their defign ; and in the mean time
•oiifult With them, till the aftair was done orderly,
6

and with unanimous approbation, u well ts to
tual ailvanl.i(;e.

This wis with great vchemrncy by the prcfuknl
denied. Me replied, Thefe weie ihifts only to gjin
lime, that the nobles mi^ht be in u coiitlition to
frullrate the intention of the i oixnions; th.it thepiiiit
was already agreed, and the relolutioii taken
lluy came not hitht-r loiunlider, but to ;
nobles would join with thi'm, tin v
not, they would do what was lo 1

mu-

th.i:
t ; It till.'

were riady ; u*
lone alone , and

lll'l, IlirV \MIUtU llil WIlUl W.IS lU IIU OOMC .IIUIIC. aiU|

doubted not but his ni.ijelly would tu'Ac his iilit
of it.

During ilalc difputcs the nobility h.ul privately
frnt fome of thiir body to court to aii|ii.iint lluf
king, tli.it Ihe cominon-i were now at tiK'ii hoiile, :i d
had made tium luddm propolals out ol luriii, but
Iuch as they Ihould rathri coai iir with, thiii be uvcilc
to; that they were ready loj. in in ilKiinj.tn hcrvdi-
tary crown to hi>. iiLiji liy, and th, h u- innle of hi»
family for ever ; which llity hopid hii n..ijiHy ivo-.ilJ
accept in good p.irt : hut ilefirci! lo proceed in ulu.il

mukuousafl'enibly.

The king.with agreat deal ofmildnefs, as Ifhclr'J
been wholly unconctiii'd and |i.iflive in the cal.',
replied. That he was ohli;.;c.l to the ni fur llnir d.f:;,;!*
in favour of him, and llie roy.il I'ainily ; tli.it \i- hrpni
what they were abjut would tend to the bi i.i In of ihi:
nation; but that a cnwn entailed only m^in tlu
heirs male, could not be fo acceptable to him, as if
it were given without that limitation ; Ih.'.t ihj
c;overnmcnt of females had neiih'^r been a niw ihiiig
at home, nor unprofptroiis in neigliboiirin;; tountiii* :
That they might confuli r of it, and fince it w as th< ir
gift, he would not prcfcribe, but it could not be
acceptable to liim unli Is it were more general.

In the mean time the commons grew impatient,
the anfwer given tlicm was int fatisfrii'tory, anJ thu
nobles had not yet rclolvecl on an cntiiv niiipliniic.-',
nor were ready to accoinpanv tlum, btcauf.' they hnd
not yet an account of the iucefso! tlieir incnilcrs
lent to found the mind of the rou:t, _. ^ ____»-- ..'

"' Mii'c clergy and buigers ihcrcfore, kJ on by the
biftiop and prefident, proceeded wit... ut thinitoihe
palace, and were met by the prime miniltcr, ai.Jcon-
duacd by him to the hall ot audience, wliithcr, altir
fome ftiort time, the king came to them. The biriop
made a long fpeech, fetiing forth the pr.nles ot hu
majefty, and the canfe of their waiting on him: con-
cluding with an offer, in the name of ihcmfelvcs, tht:
two mod numerous, and if he ;dcaltd, iiiotl powerful
eftates, of an hereditary and abfolutc dommiim ; to
gethcr with the afliftance of their hands and purles
in cafe any body ftiould go about to oblUinit fo ntcel-
fary and laudable a defign for the good ot the country.
The king told them in (hort. That he ihankfd them ;
and in cafe a univcrfal confent cilablifhcd this pood
dcfire of their?, he would accept the prelent they
made him; but that the concuirence ol the nr.bic«
was ncccflary ; which he doubted not of in the leall,
when they had time to make the olRr wi'.h the neccl-
fary formalities ; that he allured the commons or his
royal proteaion, and fpared not to be unmindful of
their kindnefs by eafing them of their giievanccs, and
by encouraging fubjeas who had behaved thcmlelvcs
fo valiantly, and deferved fo well from Uim ; c:m-
eluding with his advice to them to <*ntimie their
■feffion till fuch time as matters were brought to per-
feaion, and he could receive their gitt w|tn . 'P^
folemnity that wns fitting: and upon that dilmiUed

them. ....

But the nobles were all this while in a grievous
diftraaion ; they faw the commons were gone to
the king without them : their mefTcngcrs brought
news that their propofition of entailing the crown
on the behs male, was not plcafing, bccaufe
a greater advantage was in ptofpea ; that this otter

,y(^]

TRAVELS THROUGH D E N M A R f.'

531

Wii looked upon to (irncteil Crom pcifom that wmilJ
not h^vc bi-ltowij any thin", it ihiy ciilil h.ive
helped it. That it was tlioujiht they prcteiulfJ to
merit in giving only n part, when it was not in their
power to himl.r ihc t.ikiii;.; thi- whuli-. In thi^
involution they brnkc up, anJ liiicc they wtrt to nici-t
again at nuon upon an llnr lolcnin oc< .ifmn, tluy
rololvcti how to {irdccc.l in an alf'alr (» delicate.

Monlieur belli le, a lenator, anJ priimpal man o(
the country, v\ as that aftcrno i; to lu biirirj in
grci. pomp i hi^ body hml 1. n lotric nionlli" mi ll.itc,
and .iccoriliiij; to the culler, , vvas to be neeonipuiutil
to its interinc'iit by all uic nohilitv tli ii in town ) tliii
being « p:'il..inieii' li iw, » ctiolcu lor the ci-re
inony, bee lulc iln; ii. Iili> w ic all oj^-Ua., and h
magnificent dinner wis picparcd, as is uliial "i iK>
like orculioiu. In the ...'j.''- "' tlieir enti ri.nnnunt,
anotiiccr came into the ro'-m, aiJu wl.ilpcreJ to l..ii.c
ot" the principal mki thai ili' i i'v ^i.-'s were Ihut, ami
the krvs cairitd to roml. iiu ih'' hioj; havin;^ uei-n
inlonied by ill. _, )v i . i, lli.it tw:i or Uirce h,.u pr.-
Vat ly i|i|ip..Joui I . iw.i tin night iHlori, anu b in
relolvad that i.o nimc lliouul icapL- oni of tlii n^ I,
till he had done his buui.eli, hul or I. red ihc^ ivirnni
that morninj; to lock tli • irate , and to lei no pi n.
in or out wiil'our (pccl.'.l •,rHer, I'he ^uvcriior I'lni
one Bill, tl'.c 'u'Mi nii.jr , to put '..iis in xciuti >. ,
who a* loon as he n.iu I'oif r, weni ti' iIum. u'ewnere
they wi.ic met, uiJ .1. .' '• n at ilie iiM' .iiii". ; n
fenaio'.s. Tliis unin il n-ws 01 1*^1" olii( ■ r' was pii-
feiitly whi:,; I rjd r( anu tii ■ 1 Miipany ; wli. e"li-

diat.ly applied 'hfioilvi • 'o him, '1 know wr.
niea.ioi^ was ot I'ucri an unul'u li [ir.^i.cc.i.i " .
time ol a general convention j . :.j ii(ke'l li '.., W'lidi
d.;.tiny was appoint..d tir.Mn ? w'letli'.r iliey wtr
there to be m.ill'jcred, or >hut tlT- vv is to bed., e
with them? The t(,vii m^ijo' r uniy anlwenl,
That he believed there was no danger towards inein,
thit fuch violent meafures w: ii'd not be taktn by lo
graciou a king; thou ti he hud imlced (.oven the
orders himlelf for th.- iiiiitting the (;ates i and that
nobody was to llir out o! the town without leave;
but that this need not dillurb or hiiidei their, from
finilhing the work of the day, and purfuing their
public, as well as their private bufinel's. There
wanted no more than this cnnlirni.ition from the
officer to overthrow all the refolution, and confulta-
tlonsof the nobles i the dread of looling their lives
took away all tliou^l'ts of their liberty. They im
mediately difpatchid inrUengerslwth tothccourr, and

the coinnions, t,j

notice of their difpofition to

comply with what was formerly propofed j afluring
them likcwifc, that they were ready to agree to all
that (hould be afked of them.

Out the kine, who had begun and played his game
i'o well hitherto, determined to purfue it to the
tifniolt, and would not fufFcr the doors to be opened,
till the whole ceremony of inauguration was con-
cluded, and the homage done in due form, and there-
fore ordered they Ihould (lay, till in the face of the
people and the army, they h.ad fworn fealty, and di-
veftcd themfelvts of all right, as well as power, to
caufe any difturbance or alteration for the future.

Three days time was reijuifite to prepare matters
for that fatal hour, wherein they were to make a for-
mal furrcnder of theirliberty ; the Icaffolds were railed
in .' place before the caftle, and adorned with tapeliry ;
orders were given for the foldiers, and burgers to
appear in arms under their refpciSive officers ; and
when all things were ready, on the 27th of October,
ill the morning, the king, queen, and royal family,
mounted on a theatre eretSed for that purpoCe, and
being placed on chairs ofjlate under canopies of vel-
vet, received publickly the homage of all the fenators,
nobility, clergy and cuniinons} which was performed
kneeling.

They were then obligetl to take an oath, and fomc
men of quality who were Tick, or pretended to be To,
were brought in chairs. Among others one Garfdorf,
a principal fcnutor, who was the only one that Ijpoke

in behalf of their expiiing lilurtic, fiyinr, That
he ho|icd, and tnilteu, iliit ln« maj'liy tlili';iKj
nothinij but tlu g'lod of hik p. ople ; ..ml lu.t to iimerii
them alter the luikilh m.iiiiur: but willud lilt
niajefty's fuiciflors mi^lit tollow the «x;uvpl'-, whii ll
his ni.ijelly would uiuluiihieilly fet them, an! ni.o u
ufe ol that unliinitttil powei for the ^l;i in', ;u i not
tin- harm of his lul.jeils. Nut one of the i- fpoke a
woid, or leemid to murmur in the leaK .it v. h:it was
done.

Indeed it has been faid. That had the i.( blci
Ihewe.l iver lo Jittic toiirai^e in aliei'in^. iheir
piiiiledges, the king would imt have pnrlind lus
poin' lo far as to have deliied an jibilr.uy iloitiii.iun :
tor hi- was III coatinual iloiibl, and die.d n| the
event, and luc^an 10 waset \\i) much in lii^ refilu-
tions i lo th.it thiir lib-rui.s l.'.iii puielyloll li.r Wiint
ol lunie to appe.ii tor tlieiii.

I'roiii the tli.a:re, thuf thn" had done honMi.;o wt :it
to th" lounciMiouie, wirrc ihe nobles were i.uUd
• «er by n. iiie, .md ordered to fulilitibe the a'jovo
oentionul il. 1 1 iration, wliii h they did.

Thii- thiv .ifl'aii was finilhed, ai '. the kingdom of
J)iiiii .III: in lour davs time ch.i; i^cd Iroin .in eilatu
utile uiftiring linn'. aiillocr.''ty, lo as ablululc a
I i.'ehv as any at luliiit ill the world.

The I. biiitv liow-vcr, 11 U lei .in a .leliic of powrr,
not call V extiM^i.ifli'd in the h.nnaii bri^ill ; and to
ihe miiliiniiioio ol tome ot ihcfe may be attnl'iitij
ihe late ot a princefs who was degraded from u tlirtiic
10 Ipend her days in obl< uiiiy.

Among all the hardflups which are impofid vn iho
poiT p'alants of this country, is tlif obligaiion iluylie
uiiJer 10 fui:ifli the king, royal family, and ali tl nr
ittendaiits, thiir baggage and lurnitiiie, with liorlef^
.:iu! travtilins wa;ji;ons, whenever he makes any oro-
grel's (which he oftei. does eiiher lo Jutland i.r Hol-
!lein) or takes any klllr journey in Zeeland ; even,
ilthough it be only to his country houfes of I'red-
lirkfburg and Yagerfburg. In thefe cales all the
pcafants that lie near the road, or in that dillriif, are
lummoncd to attend with tli'ir liorlcs and wajxgons at
certain (lagts, where they arc to rel i \ • j.ich other:
and this they often do, .".Iw yi at their o. n chargfj
for man's and horfe-meat, for tvto or three days to-
gether, no regard being made to the fcafcn of harvelt,
(which is their ufiial travelling time) or to any other
convenience of thcfe poor wretches. So that they
have been I'een with hundreds of waggons in a com-
pany, bewailing their lad condition: and as foon as
the king comes up, and his coaches, with tliofe of
the other perfons of quality, are fitted with fix or
eight boors horfes each, ami every lacquey feiy.cs on
his boor and waggon, for his own proper ufe ; at
which time, unlets his plealurc be in all thing*
complied with, the poor trembling pcafant (who drives
on and takes all patiently, without replying one
word) is forely beaten and abufed. Neither is it
only when the king himfelf travel,*, that the boors
are put vo this trouble, but whenever he pIcaiVs to
give his w irrant to any perfon of quality, or ciEcer,
that has a journey to make, they arc obliged to this

I'crvice and attendance. This cuftom however,

is not fo frequent as it ufed to be.

Apoplexies and the falling lickncfs arc the epi.
demicaldiftempcrs here; one hardly pafs through the
(Ircets of Copenhagen, without feeing one or t.vo
poor creatures groveling on the ground in a fi. and
foaming at the mouth, with a circle of gnzc. j and
affillants about them. Apoplexies among the better'
fort, often proceed either from cxccfiive diinking, or
from difcontent; it being very ulu.il here to have
them die of a flaeht, as they call it, u liich is an apo-
plexy, proceeding from difcontent and trouble of
mind. Butby wayof amendsfor thefc diftcmpeis, there
arc few or none that are troubled with coughs, ca-
tarrhs, confumptions, or fuch like dileafes of the
lungs ; fo that in the midftof winter, in thechurchesy
which are very much frcqufnted, there is no noffe ta
interrupt the attention due to the preacher. It has

iV>

T R A V K f, S T r? R O U G If D E N ^f A R K.

[i' xf;**

h.Tii f.ii.I, thit tlirir warm ftnvT«, with the ulintyaml
I'lirviirl^ ut' their tirin ;, (which i» hicfh W'od) con-
in'iiiti-^ a» niuili ti> ihcir (Tnlmi Imm thilc kiiiJt dl
m.il.iihL-«, ui tiK' ;;riilliuls .mil iiiiwhch lo'iii ruin ol mir
CimN III I, on Ion iloeii Id our hciii'^ lo imivvil.illy
Iroulil. il with thi'ni ( iiniwiihlt.imlinj ilu' in 'cninii',
Mr Willi.im I'ltiy bi; ot .inuthit o(iiiii()n ; Inr in ;ill
rt'irr ri-f|HLti 111 iiir imJ liiujtion, vvehavi- the .iil-
VJiiiaj;? of thcni.

I'hi* nnrri,i,;i» hfre arc iirn.illv prcccilcil liy con-
tr.ii!l>, whiili will l;i(l (i'lnctiiiic* tliicc, Tour, or more
years, btmrf thi'v imicixlto.i piibliL- wciMmj; l>y tin
niinillfr J thini^h ot'tiii llv vouiik couple ^r'nv li-ltcr
ntqu.iintcd hi't're thJe iDrmjI.tiit .irc ilirp.itcliij.
'I'lu' gentry ;;ivc piirtimn with Ihiir daughters, hut
tht biir^rrs ami I'tal'.ifit*, if they he ahlc, t;i\c iloaths,
foiia hoiifjiolil Ihitt', :itul a v.ical wevMing ilimicr, Init
Diilliiiig ciL- till thry i!ie.

iiuinpiuimj burials and mr)niiinent<i are nuuh in
rriiiiiit with thi; nobility ; and it it iilual to leip the
cnrpi of apul'jnof quality in x v.uill, i^r tlicthan-
ccl 1)1' I'oiiie church, lor levcial vcar« to!;i.lluT, till :i
(it oppoitiinitv to cchlnate tlio funeral. The poonr
I'ort arc huiied in fnat thick chclU ; .ind in the
town< there are ahout a do/en of common niourner»
h-lon;.'iii!; to e.K h parifli, who aic obliged to carry
and atu'nd ihem to tlicii pravcv.

Lnrd Moicl'wort!! uhf^rncd that the common people
Weie eieen to chijtinj; and fiifp.i'ting other*.

" Inl'oniiich (lay- In-) tlut if you offer them great
piipfit for a thm,^ wliieh thry have not been fornierly
uled to lell, they will rel'iile to put with it, as l'.if-
ptcting that you lee an advaiit.igr in Curh a purchal'e,
which us yet is unknown to them, hut which they
lirpjj to find out. I remember one inft nice : feeinr;
ricat (locks of !;rccn ^ecl'e in the fields near the town,
1 lent to buy fonic, but they b^im; never ufcd to fill,
or eat rccfe in tliat countrv, till thev art bij; and old,
it was not pofTible to pcrluade any body to pait with
one of them ; tliouph double the price of a hi;; one
w.is nlT.red fdr each. They alked what we delired
to buv them for ? what we would do with ihcm, &c.
Kor they could not be iierfii.id' d, anv one would be fo
fojiilh to cat them whillf vounj, or little j altera
week, an old woman, to whom niorrv had been of-
fered for a dozen, came and brought four to f.ll, lay.
in;j, " That neither (he nor her gccfe, had thriven
(ince (he had refurcd to fell them at a good price; for
the kite had thf nij'it before killed ei^ht of her Ooek,
and t.'iat now tht remaininj; four v<'ere at my (erviee."
Thup. the fupcrlfition of this old woman procured us
the full ;j;rccn geel'e that I believe wcrccvtr eaten in
Denmaik ; but alter that they had taken noiico that
we fatted and killed them for eating, they furnilhcd
us with them .is often as defircd. I would not omit
this i!'>ry (acid- he) brcaufc it ;rivc« a more lively idea
of the comni >n peopl-:, than anv delcription i could
make. In theii inarkeis they will afli the fame price
for llinkint' meat as for frelh ; for lean as for fat, it' it
be of a kind. And the lure way not to obtain, is to
fecni to value, 'ihI to a(k importunatelv, a thin;; which
otherwife they rlundUves would defire (hould be done.
This lad remark is not prcnliai' to the common peo-
jile only.

" 1 do not fee that tliey arc ^ood at imitating the
inventions of other countiieji and for invcntins;
theml'elves, I believe none lure, fiMcc the famous
Tycho L'raha, ever pretended to it. Kcw or no hooki
are written, but what fome of the cler;:y compoCe of
religion. Not fo ir.iKh as a lon^i, or a tune, was made
during three years that 1 Itaycd here. Their lealons
nf jolity arc very rare, and lincc ths Cital op.-ra,
about four years a^, ., in which many hundred perlbiis
v.crc burnt in the old queen's houl'e, they contented
themlclves with runniiiL; at the goofc on Shrove Tiief-
days, and takina; their plc.^fuie upon (Icds in the win-
trr, .uul well wrapped up in wool or fur ; a diverfion
much ir. requcft ill this court, and among all kindk of
jieople.

<' I'hc langu.age h very ungrateful, and not unlike

ihe liifli ill ill whining . ompl 'iiiin?, Ion?. The I Ji^
I'lealiniii, Rinirv, and many bui^n, make uh u'
lli:',h l>uli li 111 till ir urdinary diliouile, and ot KiiiuU
I" Itiani'/rs. I have hiard levcral in liii,h c inplo) -
I'l' nti boalt tli.it they (oiild not fp. aU iJamlh i \V(
many of rlic immifyl d lei> in iMi lon,;uc ate the la'tne
with the Knglilh i'aiul wnhml doubt we oi«^ ihi:
'ri;;iiial ol tlam lo the I),iik«, and have reuiiuil
thr.n ever hiicc thiy \v«c oialtcrt cl ouf toviii-

">■■.'

J he town of Ry|Kii (lands on the liver Nipfiw,
'vhiih forms thru-. ohar.neU, and divides tin- pl.ice
iiuo as (Many parts : it falls into the north lea i bout
iliree niileii bilow tilt town, and lornis one of the Ult
hiiboiitj in IJriiniaik. This advaiita;;e octalii r.i
tiadc 111 re in hllicries, alfo limie to llainbur(;h, ;' lit-
tle to AmMiivlam ) and Ihiv lu\c a ftw linail (liipt
which u(e ill • ti.il.' Iioin Noiway and i!ie Ijaltit to
Kngland. There is a univerlity lute, bu: it is not in a
llourillnni; (ituatioiii iti.abilhop'i lee; and they havi?
lor their difeiitc alortifud c.lUe. The chuiili is built
of hewn Hone J the llceple is fo hi;.>li that il Utvii
IS .1 laiid-n.atk to lailoi* on this wwall, wliiili i> g^iK-
lally elteenied very daiijicroui.

IKidkdburj;, is a little town, M -11 fituattd on*
pretty river, upon which was obl'trvfd fonie Iniall craft,
.1 fign that the inhabitants cany oil .i tr.idcj and ilu-e
il gooil (illi hcu. I he country is tolerably Will culti-
vated, »xce|>t the nurlhes, which are all in the lUte
uf nature, haviiij; luvir leen attemptu! to bed.aiiuil.
1 hey cultivate many ol the tuiiiip j^iouii Is hcrewilU
cabbage leaves. Near this town i. l.eniw ij;, llic
country continuing putty j;ood. I'liat town is oddly
iituati.l on a finalj bay within lO miles of th^ lea,
.ind is without any trade or lliipping, but fiiiall f.lli-
iiig-craft ; the rral'on is, that it has iiu conm liiica-
tini with the Cieiiiian ocean, the bay (n v.hiili it
llands btiiij; in the great Like, wlii<.h txieii 's ii'iile
aerol's Jutland, and l-Us into the Baltic. Micic it
little woithy of cblViv ition in tliis place.

Nikilbing is litiiaii I ■ n an ilbnd ^n th': Like, w huh
they lall tht Gulph ol Leirutord. It i- chiefly .ipplicd
to pallura;;e. 'I'lie town is (irelty larg.-, but Ucll.i
very poor, and hat, but bad ai comincdatioii!.

Aalbciirgh is the lee of a b'lhop, »'ul a place of
fomc trade, and thcic arc ahoa few fairies of woolltn
goods, fixed at the king's cxpencc ; bi:t t'n-y do not
Icem to be in any (loiiri(hi!i;; (itu..tiun, cl.iefi. from
want of fuppoit and atientiun to the c. in'iiiTl of ihiin.
As ill; iiitioiluclioii of any ih^ig of this fcit is of
but little conliijuer.cc, unlefs thiie is a ll.iiidiiig at-
tention paid to their intreafc and wiIi'mc.

A\'yhurg is at thirty miles dilfjiur ; the way lies
throii.;h wal'.e land. '1 htii wades aioall w.:Il w. tmj
with Areanis, and ihefoil is in :;cncial verv good, and
muchof itdeepandiVcefroniiloncs, Ihoiijjh loair tra is
aie full of tlicin, and rocky, but none tb.at mi^ht not be
applied lo nisny vtiy iileliil piirpn(i.s, weic they in
tl-.e hand.s of aiilive and wcal'.hy iiidulliir.us iiecple.
This city is the fee of a bifliop, .-nd ..li'o the if lid nco
of a provincial court of jullite, but it is nevetthelels
a very iiiconfiderable place.

liurfens isallo a ftapoir. The king has i/ca: dc-
nal'ncs in the country, and upon wdiich has br.;i
planted lonie colonics of poor (jirmans. They iuj
l.iiuls let them upon leafe, wjiich thev cultivstt better
ihan their n'ighhoiirs the Danes, but tiuy do n^t
feeiii to be good hufbandnien, as they fix only upon
the dry lands, whereas the nurfiics drained \w>uld
prove much the richer of the two. Though ih'S at-
tention h.iJ been giuii to pcOi>linr; thefe waflv?, yet
very litilc care had lincc been taken lo iiicrcal'c '.he
nambcrs, or to give fuch cncoungcrncnt tci tluiii, ai
to enable them to execute any thint; confiderablc in
impiovcmcnts.

\\'eile, thouj;h a fmall place, is pretty well built.
The ilretts are llrait, and tolerably paved, and ihe
houles well built cf brick. Itba: a commodious har-
bour, on a bay whch falls into the Baltic, by meant
ot which, it carries en a pre'tv good trade. But

1768.]

TRAVELS T rr R O U O F! DENMARK.

Iniiit.

the

I lur-

fnns

liut

the

the icili.iliinntl of nil ihtfr liirl' pnrt tonrfu fccm much
tu w iiu iiu'Diirii^rnint in tlaii ii.t Icj iliry wouM nil
fliiuiilh vi ry tiilcr^lily, il ihty luil .1 i uldvitt'd coiiii-
try, vt ith liiiMc in.iiiiil.ietdrics hiluiiJ ihcm. Miny
lavciiu.ililc cinumnaiirri iniifl miilc in .1 port to
trciiti' II. nil-, wIktp the cx|iiirt ionllft< ot nothing but
• fijiiiy jirodiiol <)( mere M.vturjl cDmmoilitit* ; tr.ulc
conlilli ij| 411(1 (It'pciiJt upon ('vp»rt.ilinii rcciprncjl
to iIk' iinpdii.ition i but tlu ;{riii.rjl nil^turtunc in ilie
Luniiiii rrc <>l liiih little piirt>, 11 .1 Liiliirc iit ihu rx-
purutmn p.irl ) dll ul' ihrm, .1« Ur *% the dcnuiul
readies, .iro trrc tni)i)j;h, .,t iiiiporiin;',. Tlii* m a
furo trjilc t» the mcriluiu, .if innK lir.inchc« .irc, in
whii h golil .inJ (ilvcr an- ilu' cniiiiiioilitK'* vxportcd
I'lir tlH' proiliii.'t« .iikI ni:i.iiil.uliiH'« of other ciuntrii:*.
IiuIloJ the iJ.iiiilh poriH Ii.ivl- the [;tncr.il mi*l">i(unc
of being ildki'iit 111 inl.itiil iuvi_t;.ition, h^virii; no-
thinj; tu (lepcnJ up.in tint tin mete circiilulion nt the
town, which is in ^<'ner.il teiy cunrinol. Trade
(Icpeiidi much on ni.iiiut'.icluies, and nut .1 little on .1
fluurilhing agriculture. Neither of thcle arc eominon
ill Denmark i fo th.it it iN not tu he wondered, tli.it
the (general commerce o( ihe kin^duni i-i cunfiiird.

kiildin^ is a very pretty town, beautilully tituatid)
It conlaini fome trade, and a ru^.'l palace, but it has
nothini; m it that i;i worthy jf :i iiavelier* nonce,
though the inhabitants make a ^real matter of it, as
it It was the Vcrf.\ille4 of the noitli. 1 he kin;; has
fomcconlider.ibledcmefiiis around this town, and r.iifen
a levenue hy a lull upon all cattle wliieh pafs th
brid^jc, and which ainounts to ,1 cu'il'iderablc fiini
for mod th..t are driven from Jutland f.ir the Dutch
drovers, which arc \ery numerous, p.iy h re h.ilf a
dollar a head. The louiitry Irom Horlens to Weilc
ih tolerably well cultivated.

The ru.id fnim Koldinf;to Hosicrftielbr, is throunh
a country rein.irk.ible for its cultivation ; molt of llieir
ivafte tracks has been of late improved, and many
acics, that not many years lincewere all covered with
fortll>, are now in .1 Itatc of profit for their owner*.
'I'liis lias been totally owinj; to an emancipation of
the pealants. It was found that the caith would
never be well cultivated hynurc (laves, aiul aeliiig
conlilfeiuly with this lull idea, has had the defiicd
cfJcdt.

'I"lic Danes in the midft of their a tcntion to com-
merce and ajiriculture have laid many |<lan$ for increaf-
ing their Laft India trade, and among others, there
was one, which had aOlually been fo much approved
as to be put partly i'l execution, and this was to pur-
chafe by treaty, the port and territory of Mofambique,
on the Coalt of Africa, from the Portugucfe ) a
colony which isof l.ttle national advantage to that
kingdom, fincc ihc declenfion of their affairs in the
Ealt Indies, but which would be of inlinitc impor-
tance to the Danes, in cafe they fct ncartily about an
increafeof their India commerce. In fome negotia-
tions with the court of Liibon, matters had gone fo
far, as fixing the terms, which, though they were too
high to conclude on, yet they brought on a farthei
treaty, relative to other fcttlemcnts in the Indies, and
which it was evident they were willing to part » ith,
in cafe they could get high terms. Mofambique from
its fituatioii, might be a port and colony of as great
importance even as the Cape of Ciood Hope ; at"
Danilh Ihips, going and coming to and from the
Indies might water nnd take in their rcfrcfhments
there; as behind it lie the richeft countries in Africa,
and it is open to the trade of the rel> of that vaft coait,
to Arabia, Perfia, &c. fo that there could be no
doubt bur it would turnout a place of infinite impor-
tance in the hands of an active, and indullrious
nation. The treaty upon this affair with Portugal
was broke off, without coming to any conclufion,
but on what account is not known to the world.

The fclicme however, was a good one. The bcft
of all government that (lill belong to the Viceroy of
the Indies, is that of Mofambique, already mentioned
in the former part of this work. They have a (irong
fort there with four good ballions, which command ttic

Vol. I. No. +6.

channel, and in which thrr -
cannon, ami hire is alwav

iVvenfypi'''"?»of brafj
■;>t a go'jd gartifon,
and in tolrrablr order. The n'lvernor is honoiirnl
with the title of Oeneral of the River .Senna, whfr«
hr has his lieutenant, which einployment wii worth
to hiin fcvcral hundiid thouUnd cruuns a year | there
arc but a lew hciufes about the fort, the inhahilantl
keepiiip their efteins on a nciphhnnnnj; ron'iiifiir
The merchnndile brought to this plai e by the flnps
oi the company, are bought at a l< I pnc" by the roy.il
f.idory, wliich afterward* friuls th'-m tu Chrliman ,
the mouth of the River Senna, runiun;^ ^,10 imle.;
along the (oaft, in gallics and fniall scllil , biraulf
of the flats froiii Chelimani t Ihc goods arc lent up the
river ai;aiiilf the (fream, in alniandics, or little Unit ,
which are ten days ^oing up, ami about five coiinni
'low II. It is very ififRcult Koing up fur thofe tint air
not acquainted with ihii Ihallmvi and windings of the
river.

Cafrns and lilac k J as has been obltrved, rcfoit tothia
port, from provinces and kiii);ili>iiii three or four
iiiuiiihk journey diH.int, to buy ai'd t.ikc up {;o^d»
upon tiult for fo iniieli gold, which lluy never fail
to bring pundually the next uar, uiilefs death pre-
vents them. This trade yiel.ls aSov,. ci-ni pi-r cent
fo that the Portugiiile may h: laid to have anotbct
India in Ahica.

Senna i».i little town, on the ii,;ht hand of the
river, inhabited by fifty l'oitu;;ui.le l.imilies, who
make It populous enough by the (;reat number of
blacks tliey keep. They till the ground, and dii; the
mines, and by that nie.ins in.uiitaiii thtir niallits,
iiillr III of beiiii; kept by ihein.

Snlfola, where the Poitu(;ucfe have another cf-
tablilliinent, is but about fifteen days journey from
hence ; and here a prodigious trade is carried on, of
Willi h the Portugule arcor mi^ht be malKr.s. It con-
lilfi chiefly of gold, of which there ar? greater quan-
tities here than in any other country in the world,
fince the annual produce of this market is computed
by the belt judges, at 46,000 ounces. There arc vail
quantities of Spanilh and Canary wines, oil, filks,
linens, cottons, coral, and other European good^,
fold here, which arc carried by the inhabitants ot the
little kingdoms of Soltola, through all the great empire
of Monomotapa, which the Portuguclc flilc the
Empire of Gold, from the prodigious quantities of
that precious metal, whiih is brought to them from
thence. There arc likcwifc fome very rich commo-
dities, brought hither by the negros, (udi as the moll
txcellcnt ebony in the world, great quantities of ivory,
abundance of fine mats, which arc much cftecmcd in
the Indies, and a great number of flaves ; lo that
(joa, and all the reft of the Portugucfe fcttlemcnts,
are furnilhcd from hence.

Yet thefe polTcfnons arc faid to produce fo little to
the king of Portugal, that it has been more than once
debated, in the council cf that prince, whether it
would not be to the intereft of the crown to abandon
them altogether, withdrawing their artillery and
cfieds i it is likewile aflcrtcd that it is not any poli-
tical but purely a religious motive, that has hindered
this rcfolution from being taken, the pricfts have
fuggefted, that in that cafe a multitude of fouls would
be loft to the church. But we fhall the lefs wonder
at this, if we confuler, that fuch as arc beft acquainted
with the Eaft India trade, allures us, that not a
f ngle merchant, and a fingle ihip of a rcafonable
burden, may curry on as great commerce, as that
which at prefent fubfifts between Liibon and Goa.

There are yet a great many fhips employed from
Goa, Dm, and L)aman, to the Coafts of Pcrfia,
Ptgu, Manilla, and China, but they are moftly on
account of Indian merchants, there fcarce being a
Portugucfe trader at Goa able to furnilh a cargo of
10,000 crowns, and it is very much doubted,
whether in the whole of their trade they employ above
200,000 crowns ; fo that it is not at all ftrznge, that
one year with another, there are not above two fhips
fent direclly from Goa to Liibon ; and thofe not
6 Y absve

539

TRAVELS THROUGH DENMARK.

[i:&3.

sbovc a fourth part lb lich as when they annually
(int twenty. \'u there has bctn a late rc;;ulation
made at Gua, for the prefcrvation anil promoting erf
trade, vvhicl' thole who uiulerllooil that fubjcdl bcft,
agree, conipl.\Ucil its ruin. 'I'his is an exclufive
Company which has the fnlc right to the commerce
ot Molanibiquc md Mocha, which company has taken
upon itfelf the payment of the royal officers, who
are alio two thirds employed therein ; which has given
luth a blow to the natural commerce of (loa, that
the heft part of the Indian merchants that were left,
arc now retired from thence. 'I'o lay the truth, it
was the great Iharc theviceroys, governors, and other
officers, always took in conunerce, without contri-
buting any thing thereto; except protcdling the
merchants from tlie vioUncccommittcd by themlelvcs,
on luch as did not admit them toaihareof their trade,
that firrt dcftroycd the cxtenfive commerce they en-
joyed. l)ut though their power and their commerce
aic fo much declined, their pride is as great as ever,
infomuch tliat ihcy nfufe the natives of the country
who aie called Canarins, the wearing of (lockings,
though they employ them as phyficians, lawyers, and
merchants j by w hich, many of them are fo rich,
that they keep a dozen or fourteen flaves, and arc in
much better circumilanccs than the Portugucfc thcm-
Iclves.

The revenues of the church have fufFercd very
little by this moll furprifmg change in the (Kite : there
is hardlyamonaftery that does not receive four or five
thoufand crowns out of the treafury, at the faini^timc
the foldicfs llarve and mutiny for want of pay j which
is fo much the ha;dcr upon the government, bccaufe
the reverend fathers know very well ht.w to take care
of thcmfelves, infomuch, that it i affirmed, the
Jefuits in Goa have a better revenue than the crown
of Portugal. It is noteafy to know what becomes of
the money thefc churchmen raife ; but it is very evi-
dent, that the wealth thcv pilii'fs, together with tli.;
eltabliftimcnt of the inquiliiion at (io>, is fuch a
dead weight on tlic fettlcmcnt, as muft Ibuner or later
deltroy it.

" The wlfeft of the Portugucfc in Europe, (fays
cur autlior) unJerfta.id this very well, and would be
g\.\d to fee fome proper remedy nppliej, not from a
prejudice ngainll the church or churchmen, which is
far enough from being the vice of that n.ition, but
out of pure rei;ard to the crown and to the nation ;
but one would think tiiat the clergy thcmfelves,
inllead of grafping.at more, ought to be willing to
part with lome proportion of what is already in their
hands, in order to rciuttr the itate more able to pro-
tedf them in the pofldfion of the remainder. Ktfides
there is nothing clearer, than that the crefting of
religious houfes, is dircdHy oppofite to the very fchemc
of p':-.nting, and muft always ruin the fettlements
wi.cre it ,;revails, and conl'equently the religious
iioufes thcmfelves, which is even an argument that
ought to prevail with the popifti princes, to lay moic
rcltraint on themiffionaries that arc ftntabroad ; unlcfs
they prefer the reputation of zeal, among thofe who
^rc no competent judges, not .inly to maxims of po-
ll -y and good government, but to the principles of
true religion, ^"or if there be any piety in converting
Pagans to the Chriftian faith, it follows, that there
i« itill greater piety in doing this effedlually, and in
maintaining fur ever the cftablifhmcnts neccflary to
fupport tlicm, which rcafon and experience fticws,
the building monafteries, ana maintaining numbers of
idle people in them, will not do; but on the con-
trary, will bring on, in time, the dcftn-riion of
thole colonics, in which this humour is fuflerod to
prevail.

" It is net many years fince that fevcral Indian
princes were driven from before Goa, which they I.jd
blocked up with a numerous army, by the powerful
fuccours lent by the king of Portugal, and by the
excellent conduil of the late viceroy, who was the
Count dc Lnurical, and who, if 1 miftake not, was
twice in the Indies, and behaved there <vith great
6

reputation. Such expeditions, however,' arc to be
conf'dercd as expedients only, which for a time niay
prefervc that fettlenient, but can nivtr tellore it, or
bring the aftairs of the nation, in thofe parts, into fo
good order as to make Ihem worth the attention of a
prince, who has the honour of the ciuwn, and the
good of his peopK at heart.

" It is however certain, that the tdablifhinoiits
which the crown of I'ortugal dill has in ilie l.;i(l
Indies, migliL in the hands of an aclivc, and iinhiitn-
ous nation, turn to coiiiiderable ai count ; for it h.ii
been long ago obferveu by Mr. Tavinitr, that ttiu
port of l)>u is as well fituateil for trade, and as c.ipa-
ble of improviment, as any in that part of ihc vvoiM,
or more fo ; and if put under proper regulations, that
is, if made in fome mea fine a free port, it mull iiccef-
farily come in for a large (hare of that commerce now
carried on at Surat, and in all probability, rtiriive
much of the Arabian and Perfian commerce, that has
been fo long loll to the Portugucfc : on the other
hand, as they have ftill fome factories at liilimge^,
and other places on thatcoaft, it wouKl be no difficult
matter to re-cftablifli their commeice in the heart of
India, at the fame time, that the port of Macao
would furnilh them with the means of lopplying the
China market, as chea|i, or cheiiper, than any other
turopcan nation ; becaufe the colony of Mof.iirjhii|ue
is fo lituated, as to ferve them for the l..!ne purix.fe
that the Cape of (Jood Hope docs the Dutch, or
the ifland of St. Helena does the Knglifti.

" But all thefc advantages fignily nothing in the
hands of thofe, who are lo far lioin polli fling the
virtues requifitc for futh iniprovcmcntr, that, on the
contrary, they arc not only tainted with, but over-
run by luch vices, as mull iinqiiellionahly o\ertuin
the bell cllablifliment in the world. W't may there-
fore fafely predict, that the continuance even of the
llender power which the Portuj^iuefe have liill left, can-
not conilnuc long, and that for thefc > wo plsin le.ifons;
lird, becaufe it has been long, anil itill in a declin-
ing condition ; fo that its force being extrimely ile-
aycd, and at the fame time continually employed in
rclifting the efibrts of its enemies, it is impoihhle, in
the nature of things, that it ihould fuhlid lor any
time ; I'econdly. the manners of the people aice.itiri ly
ruined, fo that ihere is not the lead pmbabilitv tlu't
any luch relormation will ever he cffeilted, as might
enable thcrn to make fuch ule of thecoi venicnt ports,
of which they arc dill poUineJ, a, is n.xid'aiy lo
revive and reltore their commerce in the Indies. We
may vent.! re therefore to pronounce, that in thecom-
pafs of twenty or thirtj years, their ell.iblidiiiients in
thefc parts will be quite loft, and that in all likeli-
hood, Goa, Dm, and Daman, will he lolt iiirt;
which will ncrellarily draw after them thedclirtion of
Macao, which cannot long fubfift !iy its own force,
and lies at too great a diftancc to receive any effeiilual
luccour or fupport from Portugal direi^tly."

By the date of the matter it is apparent, that the
Danes might make fuch a purchafc, as we have men-
tioned, turn out to a very good account.

Though learning is not arrived at any high pitch
in Denmark, yet there is an univerlity at Copen-
hagen, and there arc other fcmin.iries in the king-
ilom, wliich arc capable of improvement, and will
probably receive it under fome fuccccding r< ign. As
to the prcfent, it fecms to promiie but little ; and
though we hive fpokcn of the Danes as a riling peo-
ple, it is likely their progrel's will be but flow under
the governiient of fuch a prince as Chriftian VII.
who fullers himfcif to be guided in the mt^t impor-
tant concerns of date by the members of a court fic-
tion, W'hofeek their own aggrandifemcnt, rather than
the honour of the fovereign, or the welfare of their
country.

In the mean time it behoves Denmark to kci p a
watchful eye upon a jealous neighbour that ]vj^, tor a
fucccffion of ages been confidered as a natural en' mv,
and after having been tumbled from the fummit of
power, gives figiiiof once more growing into great-

nels.

1768.)

TRAVELS THROUGH SWEDEN.

53^

nol's. The Sat(1i's, wndcr tlic aufpiccs of a young
monarch, whofc cnunCtls have bailUtl thole ut the
aged, may be eiiahlcd to thwart the interdh of her
jival In many lefpct'ts, aiiJ hinilci her fiom reaping
many of thofe advantages which fhe may otherwile
rca(bnably hope for, from the wile regulations made
within the fpace of the \.\i\ century. j

On the whole, it may be obl'erved, that thou!;h !
much has been accompliflied, yet much more remains \
to be done, to give Denmark that eclat which it
fctms to expcdt. Among the rtll, a rcvifal of their 1

bojflcd code of laws appc-'rs to be nccclTary, whirt J^

fome altLii.iK.ns n\ij;ht he niadf, equally lor tlie lieuht
rif the (ulijeits, and the j^oud ct the (late. Theil-
tablilhin;; a luarer conne?,ion lictWLcn a_i;ri( ulluie ai.d
cunimerce, mi^hi he an nbj.ct worth altt-ndins; to j
ajid a Id's de;',iee ot partiali.v fir v^ ii tn ihv military
orders miiiht be of roal fervi 'e to tiic t'juntry.— *
Ihefe emls beini,' ai'ainid, we cap:, it iKlpeuntluilini;
with fonie ingenious counir; iii'.n of curs «lio iiave
lately vilited ihofe parts, l\nr..urk would cut a good
figure among the ftates of Luri>pe.

TRAVELS THROUGH SWEDEN.

SWEDEN, includinrr the dukedom of Finland, is
bounded by the Baltic fea on the fouth, the un-
pall'able mouiuains of Norway .Tnd AluCcovy on
the ea(f, being extend d from $c) to 69 degrees
no;th latitude, ami from 32 to 55 longiiude ; and
consequently lAiee as big as the kinjulom of Fr.nce ;
but the abatments thnt null be madr for levi'ral leas,
and many great lakes, f-imc whtieof arc above Ho
En^lKh mill's long, an.; io broa<!, aj alfo for rocks,
woods, heaths, and inu:arus, that cr ver much of thcfe
countries, will reduce the habitable part to a very
fmall portion, comparatively to the extent of the
whole.

The foil in places capable of cultivating, is toler-
ably fruitful, though feldom above half a foot deep,
anu therefore more eafily plowed, as it frequently is
by on; maid and an ox, and is generally beft where
th.re is the lead of it, that is, in the little fpaccs be-
tween the rocks ; and frequently the barren land en-
riched with the alhes of trees growin;; on the places
that arc burnt, and the leed raked among the nfhcs,
produces a plentiful crop, without farther cultiva-
tion.

'I'his praiElicc is fo ancient, that their writers de-
rive the name of Sweden from a word in their lan-
guage that cxprefl'es it ; but the danger of dertroying
the woods, has of late occalioned fome laws to limit
that cuilom.

If the inhabitants were induftrious, above what
ncceflity forces them to they might at leal have
corn futlicient of their own j but as things ai^ ma-
naged, they have not ; nor can they fubfilt without
great importations of all forts of grain from ihe coun-
try of Lcifland, and other parts of Germany, ad-
jacent to the liahic fea j and notwithltaniling thefe
I'upplies, the pooreft fort in many places remote from
traffic, are forced to grind the bark of birch-trees to
mix with their corn and make bread, of which they
have not always plenty.

The cattle, as in other nortliern countries, are ce-
nerally of a very fmall fize ; neither can the breed be
bettered by bringing in larger from abroad, which
loon degenerate j hccaufc in lummer the grafs is n ach
Ids nourifhing than in the places from whence they
c.-.mc ; and in the winter they are ufiially half (larvcd,
for want of fodder of all kinds ; which often falls fo
very fhort, that they are forced to unthatch their
houfcs to keep a part or their cattle alive. Their
(hecp bear a verycoarfe wo il, only fit to makecloath-
ing for the pcafants. The hotfes, efpccially the
fineft, though fmall, arc hardy, vi^^orous, ftrong,
furc-tootcd, and nimble trotters, which is of great
ufe to them, becaufe of the length of their winters,
and their fitnefs for fleds, which is their only carriage
in that feafon.

Of wild bcalh, which are very plentiful in thcfe
purts, bears, elks, deer, and liaies, arc hunted

for their fli Oi, as alfo '.ni;ethcr with wolve«, foxes,
wild cats, ^:c. for their fiiri and hii:.-s. They hunt
here with Id's ceren.ony than elfewiieri, ak.iig .ill .\d-
vantagiS toJli ut liiuir game, at which thc^' .ue g- iv-
r.illy very ui xterous. 'Ihire are no rai-bils in ih. fc
countries, but wliat are brought in tor cutii.iitv, .^nd
ki pt tame. Invii'ter, foxes ami Iquirreis loim hat
chi'ige colour, and become grayifti, but haristurn
quite white.

Both wild and tame foul arc verv plentiful and
good in their kind, except fea fowl, vihicli leid and
t.ille of fifh i the molt common are on, is and ki-dir;,
the lurnier of the bignels of a hen, the otiii.r of a
tiirky; as alfo partridges, and a kind of bird fomc-
thing refembliiig them, called Yerpers. There aie
taken in winter great numbers of fmall birds, as
thruflics, black-birds, and fydeiifcwans, the Kill of
the bignefs of \'ddc Cires, but better meat, lui"|ii)lcj
to come from Lipland, or yet farther norm, and have
their name from the heautifiilnefs of thiir feathers,
fome of which are tipt at the point with I'c^irkt.

Ihe chief lakes in Sweden arc the \'ittcr, the
Wenncr, and Macler; the liift in Oifn gcthia, re-
markable for its foretelling ot florms by a continu.il
thundering nolle the day before in that quarter vvhi ncc
thcyarifc; as alio fjr the fudden breaking of the ice
iv))on it, which liimetimes furpril'.' travtlkis, and in
half an hour's time become navigable: for its great
depth, in fome places is above 300 fathoms, though
no part of the B.iltic exceed 50 ; It fupplies the river
Motala, which runs through Norei'| ia^.h, where ic
has a fill of about thirty fiit, and fome winters is fo
choaked up with ice, th.at lor many hoais no water
paflcs. The fecond is in ^^'c(lrognlhia, from which
^fl'ues the river hive ; that, f>diing dowu a roi k mar
fixtv feet, paflls by Gotteiiburgh. 'I'hc third emp-
ties itfelf at Stockholm, fiirnifhing (me fide of the
town with frefli watt r, as the fea docs the other with
fait.

Thefe, and abundance of other lakes, of which
many like ponds, have no vents, and an. called Inn-
feas ; they arc well (Jorcd with fifVi, falmon, pikes,
p;arch, tench, trouts, eels, and many oilur forts
unkriown clfewheie, of which the nioft plentiliil is
the ftreimliiiL', a lifli Icfs th.'.n a pileher, taken in
great qu.mtities, ar\d faltcd in bands, and dilfributed
over all the country. Befides, the Nortli-Boitcm or
bay, that leparates Sweden and Finland, abounds
with feals, of which a confu'erable quantity of train-
oil is made and exported j and in the lakes 111 Fin-
land are great quantities of pikes, which leinj; thken,
are faked, drycd, and fold at a very reafonable
rate.

Thefe lakes are of great ufe fo.- the convenience of
carriages, both in fummcr bv boats, and by fltds in
w. liter, and among them, and on the fia coalh, are
almoft innumerable illanJsof difi'cient fize<, of which

therv

S^a

TRAVELS THROUGH SWEDEN.

[1768.

there arc in SwcJon above 6oco tlmt arc inhabited,
the red arrriihcr hare rocks, or covcud with wood ;
(lOtland, Oian I, artd Aland, arc iflis of large ex-
tent, ons being lixty miles long, and the othcri little
kl"s._

'I'heir woods and vaft forcfls ovcrfprcad much of
thecounirv: and are for the mull pirt of pines, firr,
hiach,hiii.h, aider, juiii pur, and f< rue oak.cl'pcciallyin
the p;ovinic of Bleakiri', the trees growing in moft
place- fBilor.' together, and UIng to rot where they
/all, make the woods fcarto pall'alilc.

'Ihet'cafiliid a plentiiul and cheap firlntj, and be-
ing generally very flrai; and tall, are eafily converted
into tiinher fit for all iifes. In the parts near the
mines, (he woods are niuih liclhoycd, but that want
is fo well firpplicd from dillant placei, by the con-
venience of nvcis and winter carriages, that they
have charcoal abn\c fix times js cheap as it is in Eng-
land, though indceil it is not half I'o good.

The mountains abound in minis. '1 lure is one of
filvcr, into which workmen are let dow n in bafkets to
the rirft floor, which is 105 fathoms under ground,
the roof there i? as high as a church, fupported bv
vail ir^hes of ore j thence the decent is by ladders
or balkcts, to the low eft mine, above 40 fathoms
where thev now work. They have no records fo an
lient a^ the (ill) difcovery either of this <'r the copper
mine, which iiiiift needs be the work of many ages j
tlie ore feldum yields above four per cent, and requires
great pains to refine it; thev are .ilib at the charge of
u water-mi'i to drain the mine, and have the benefit of
another that draws up the ore. It yearlv produces
about 2C,CC0 cro'.sns of fine fiUer, of which the
king has the pre cniption, paying one fourth lefs than
the re.il value. Tlie cojp'.r mine is about So f.ithoms
deep, of nie.'.t extent, b'lt fiibjeiit to d.mia;e by the
fallin:; in ot I'-.en.ofi \(t that is I'omctimes recom-
pencd by til',- a!iiiiu!;inee of ore that the ruined ]>illars
yield.

Iron mines and forges are in great numbers, ef-
p'.cially fnvaids the mountainous parts, whi-re >^'y
have the i.o;n tiiiencc of v.ater-f.;lls to tin n their mills.
J- rom thile, b'-fides fiipplying the country, there is
yearly e.vported iron to the valiio of near -^cOjOOol.
But of late year'., the number of thefe forges has
been fo muci increafed, that each endeavouring to
undetfell others, the price has been much lowered ;
and fiiice the prohibition of foreign manufactures (in
exchange of which iron was plentifully taken of}') it
is grown fo cheap, -that it was found neced'ary to Icilcn
the iiumKr of foig's ; iicitliLr has that contrivance
had the eff-ift intended ; but on the contrary, many
more arc lik'iy to fill of tliemlelvcs, brcaufc they
cannot work I'ut to lof'^, in which many thoufind-of
poor people, whi.-fe livtliiioods depmd upon ihefc
iorgrb a"iid mines, vviii be reduced to a liarviiig con-
dition.

Thefeafens of the year, thou.;h regular in them-
felves, du not altog.-'lier aniwer tlioleof otherilimates,
as J French amhallador obfervcd, who in a tailkry
f'aid, I'here were in Swikii only nine mcmths win-
ter, aiulali tlie reft was (ummer ; for as winter com-
nu'iily be.;iii'. very foon, fo (ummer inmiediately fuc-
leeds it, and leivts little or no fpace to be tailed
t-piiiig.

Tlie produiltions therefore of the earth, are, more
fpeedv in thJr ^.'rowth than in other parts; the rea-
lon of which !■ ems to be, th.it the oil and fulphur in
the earth, (as it appear., by the trees and minerals it
produces) being b.uhd up all the winter, aie then of
i luu'in ai5luated by the heal of a warm fun, which
ahnoft continually iliiiue, and thereby makes amends
for its f'lort llay, and biings to maturity the frints
pr ipet to the climale. Yit withal, its heat is fo in-
ttiife, that it oft' 11 f'ts the woods on tire, which
fometi.iics fpreadi itfelf many leagues, and fearce can
be ilopt till it comes to fomc lake, or very large
plain.

In the fiimmer feafon th: fields arc-civered with a
\ iiiety of iljv.ers, and the witolc country ovcrfprcad

with ftrawbcrries, raft)crries, currants, and the like,
which yrow upon every rock. In their gardens
melons aie brought to good perfcclioii in dry years ;
but apricots, peaches, and other wall fruits, arealir.oit
as rare as oranges, they have cherries of feveral lort.~,
and fome tolerably good, which cannot be faid of their
apples, pears, and plumbs, that arc neither common
not well tafted, all kinds of ro.-)t:i are in plenty, and
contribute much to the nouiifliment of the poor
people.

'J'he lun at Midfummer is above the horizon of
Stockholm eighteen hours and a half, and for fome
weeks make a continual day. In « inter, the days
are projjortionably fttoitcr, the fun being up but five
hours and a half, which dcfeft is fo well lupplied as
to lights, by the moon, the whitenefs of thefnovv,
and ilearniis of the Iky, that travelling by night is
as ufual as travelling by day ; and journies begun in
the evening as frequently as in the morning. The
want of the fun's heat is repaired by ftoies within
doors, and warm furrs abroad ; inftead of which, the
poorer fort ufe flieep (kins, and other like defences;
and arc generally better provided with cloathing,
to fuiting their condition, and the climate they live
in, than the common people of any part of Europe;
tl'.ojgh where any ncgUct or failure happens, it ufually
proves fatal, aiicl occafions the lofsofnofes, or other
members, and fometimcs of life ; unlefs the ufual re-
n.cJy to expel the froft when it has feizcd any part,
be early applied, which is to ren.ain in thcceUI, and
rub the part efteded with Inow, till the blood return
to it ngiin.

AVhat has been faid in relation to Sweden, is in the
main applicable to Fiiiland, except only that hitherto
no minis have been dilcdicicd there. Its chiefeft
commodities are pifh, and tar, all foiti of wooden
ware, Oriidfifti, cattle, trainoil, Src.

I he ii.vdics, like moft other nations, arc fond of
deiivi:\ iheir oiigin from the remoteft ages; but there
is noth.ii^' to be depended on in their ancient hiflory
till the .nn.d uf t)din, who with his Afiatives emi-
piittd to the north about fixty years before thj
Chiiftian .T-.ra. This chief planted his aiins and his
religion .iinong them. The latter was a heap of ab-
lurditie^, but well caUulatcd enough to Itir up a
baibarmi^ nation to warlike atchievements. Aceoid-
ing to hi . lydem, the fouls of the wicked after death
were conligned to Hi/ii, a place of punilhment, while
thofe .it the good, and particularly of fuch as fell in
battle, were received into the halls if Odin, where
the latter qiiafi'cd mead and ale out of the fkulls of
their ciieniies.

The natives of Sweden were eaily renowned for
their courage, and fome judgment may be formed cf
what their neiglibours thought of them in this refpeil,
where it is obfervcd, 'I hat one of the ancient Punic
writers giving as a fort of fcale of the brave.-y of the
northern nations, fays, " That the Stieiits were
excelled only by the immortal (lods in valour."

Divine honours were paiti to Odin Woden after
his death, and Wednefday owes its name to this God,
who was adored, together with Thor, Freva, and
other idols by the Swedes, and likcwife by our Saxon
anceftors.

That the Saxons who were called into England
about the year 450, were originally a colony of
Goths, is conjei^lured from the agreement of their
language, laws and cuOonis. Hut that the Swedes
and Goths, joined with the D.ines and Norwegians
in their invafion of England, about the year 800, we
arc afl'iircd from our own hiftorians, that expreflly
mention them, with the charatl, r of barbarous and
Pagan naiions, as they then were ; and the fame may
be concluded from the many Saxon coins, that are
frequently found in Sweden, and in greater variety
than in England, which (eem to have been the Dane
gilt, or trii'ute which the nation then paid.

The Normans alfo, who about that time fettled in
France, were in part natives of this country, lo thit
England, together with the mifirics that accompanied

thofe

1 1

I76S]

TRAVELS THROUGH SWEDEN.

54'

iholl- conqutP..-, O'.ves ii yreat part of its cxtruilion tn
thcfc people.

It w.is about the year 8 JO, that the ]'.ni;<cror f^ii-
ilovicus Pius fiiit Arr.;.i^rjs, alunwards aichhilh"!!
of Hanihur^ii, loat['.;i.pi tlic cimvcrlirm (it ihf SwcJ. ■>
and (jciths, who at lirlt l\ad liuli- or 110 I'ucc.ls j but
in his Icconcl jouriifv , Come years alter he was b-.t-.r
recclvej, aii.l b.ipti/.ed the kiiii; Olaus, wiio was
afterwanls niarlyred by his heathen rubje^t-, ami
oft'cred i:i faentiee to tl\L-ir ^;ods ; nor did (Jnriltianitv
become the general relijjio.i of Sweden till about 100
yoarf after, when it w;i'. .ilanted by Sigt'rid, auhh:(h"p
of York and '•llur En^iilh divines, Cent (or thtner by
another Olau* ; in wiiole time the kingdom of Swe-
den, and that oC Cioihi.i were united, but became
afterwards to be leparated again, and continued Co
near 200 years ; when they wcr. again joined, on
condition that the two roy.d Camiiies (houKl Cucceed
each other by turns, as thiy did f( r a fpace of a hun-
dred years, bui not without great oiforders, and much
blood thed, and ended in the extirpation of tlie Gothic
family.

The throne of Sweden was filled by various princes
of dilFerent lines, and often devolved upon ihe kings
of Denmark; and when this was not the caCe, the
Danes had always a faiSlion in the kingdom, and thcl'e,
under the reign of Stenfture the younger, headed
by the Bifliop of UpCall, advanced Chriltian II, to
the rcaal dignity, but he behaved himCelf to ty
rp.nicalTy,and fhed Co much innocent blood, eCpecially
of the nobility, which he defi^ncd utterly to root out,
that his reign became intolerable, i«nd the wliolc na-
tion confpired ajjainl* I m under the command of
Guftavus the firlt, Wi ■> (eCccnded from the I'ntient
kings of Sweden, whofe fat' er had been bche.ided, and
his mother hsd two fiflers inipriConed by Chiiltian.
He was at firll: received governor uf the kingdom, snd
two years aCttr, had the regal dignity confeucd on
him, and as the Danes and Norwegians had alio
expelled KingChriftian, who had married Charles V's
fifter, and repaired to the imperial court for Cuccour,
which he could not obtain to any purpofc, being, upon
his landing in Norway, defeated and taken priConer,
in which Kate he continued to his death ; therefore
Guftavus was freed from all fuither trouble on that
account ; and at liberty to ledrefa the diCorders of the
kingdom.

Hitherto the kingdom of Sweden had for fevcral
hundred years been elective, but was at this time
made hereditary to the male illuc of Guftavus, in a
right line of CuccelTion, with reCervation that in de-
fault of Cuch ilTuc the right of election (hould return
to thccftates. Gullavus, by his three wives, had four
fons, and Ceveral d.iughtets : his eldeft Con, Lrick,
was to fiiccced to the crown ; John was made Duke
of Finland; Ma»nu', Duke of Oftrogothia ; and
Charles, Dukeof Sudctniania ; whereby thole pro-
vinces were in a manner dilincmbercd from the crown.
Having thus in a reign of tliirty-lix years brought the
kingilom in Cuch a flourilhing londitioii, as it had
not fecn in many ages, and entailed a crown upon
his own family, in which itftill remains.

The next remarkable prince wc find recorded after
a Cuccedion of year', was (Jultavus Adolphus. This
monarch found himCtlf engaged in a IJanifh war,
which he nnillied, and then turned his aims againft
MuCeovy ; to the borders of which he Cent his bro-
ther, not with an intention to procure his cltabiifli-
ment in that tiirone, uiiitli he railier ainu'd at Cor
hiuiCelC; but to induce the fortified places adjacent to
Finland and Liefland, to accept of Swedifh gariiCons,
in Prince Charles PMlip's name, which fuccceded in
a great mcafurc, till another was cholen Czar; with
whom, after various CueccCs on both fides, a peace
was concluded by the mediation oC Fngland and Hol-
land, by which Sweden, behdes part oC Lcifland,
preCently got the country oC Ingermanland, and the
province of Kexholm, with Ceveral Cortificd places,
and wholly (hut out the Mufcgvitcs from the tall
fea.
■ Vol, I. No. 46.

The Polifli w.!;', that h 'd Come (hcrt Intervals of
ttuces, was of 1 longer continuance, and no ! Is b.-
iKlicial to Sweden ; which in ilir tour'.e of it, took:
Riga, and all other places lUe PoK--, had in Leillan.l,
except only one fort, and tr.iiic: cairicJ the war into
Prulila, with the like CucccCs, till at l..(t, by the inter-
polition ot I'.ngl.uid and I'raii.e, e.;c. .1 truce was con-
cluded for lix years.

i'iiis gavL (jultavus leiCure to cni;;i!»e in the Ger-
ni.in war, to which he was both provoked by the em-
peror, and encoin.igid by others. Tlie year (ol-
lovvinghe h"gan tli.ii e.xptilition, ami o;i the 2.^111 if
June, arriving ;.i the mouth i;f the Odor, he i. aided
nis little army that conlilled of lO troops of horCc,
and 92 compii'ics of foot, making about Hero nienj
which befides other addiiions, w.is augnitiited by fi.^
regiments of Engliflt and Scotch, under Duke Ha-
milton, but more by the king's inci''diblc fiicceCs.

Upon his .'iril approich, Sleliii and all l'oineran!.«
lell into his hands. The vear following haviinrjoincd
the elettor ol Saxony, he gave the cinperoi's army,
under Ueiicral Tilly, a total overthrow ninr Liepfig i
whence he travirled Franconia, the Palatinate, lia-
varia, he. till tha iie.\t year at the b.ittle oC Lut/.cii
(where his army was again victorious) he was lu. -
cheroudy killed, (as it i* b-Iieved) by Francis Al-
bert, duke oC Saxon l.awcmhiiigh, not only to the;
great joy of the iiTiperialill<, but of France and other
his friends, who envied and feared the farther incrcale
of his grcatneCs. I'y his death, the crown fell to his
daughter, Chiiftina, a prince Is of five ytars old,
in whofe favour her father had gained the Ctates of
the kingdom to alter the hereditary union, as it is
(tiled, which refirained the Cucccflion tn the male
line. In her minority, the chancellor, Axel Oxeir-
Itiern, had the direetion of the Swedifh nriairs In
Germany, where the war was proCtcuted with varii.ty
oC Cuccefs, but mudi to the advantage of Swclen,
which was pofieni.d oC above 100 forti.icd places, and
had an army exceeding I00,CCT men, when Prince
Charles Guftavus was (iener..Iiirinio, a little hJ'oic
the conclufion of the treaty of Muniter, by wliich
Sweden obtained Cor its fali<C;',i.tion, the dukedom ot"
Pomirania, Bremen and \'crden, v.iih the city of
WiCmar, and a right of Ceilion : ii vote in the diets
oC the empire, andiiicic of Lower Saxony, as alio
the luin ot five millions of crowns.

The queen had for levcral vcars tntTtaincd a refo-
lution to quit the crown, which at l,;ft Ihe efj"_(;tedj
and aCter having procured Piince Charles Gult.'.vus
to be declared hereditary prince, (whom the dates
would gladly ha\e had the queen married, hut nei-
ther he nor (he were iiu lined to it) with nuieh Ib-
lemnity flie divefled herColC of the crown, and le-
IcaCed her Culijeiils Crom their allegiance.

She was a princeCs renowned through Europe Cor
her fine Ceiil'e and underllandin.^

All the world knows to wdi.it diftrelles the rafli con-
duft of Charles Xll. reduced the Suedifli nation,
which have lately been put an end to by their prefi nc
monarch, (to whom, in imiiation oC the Danes)
the bulk oC the people have Currendercd their liber-
ties, with a view of delivering themlcKcs from ths
intolerable opprefiion eC ;in ovcibeaniig nobi-

'''>■• .„.

Chriftianity was not received into Sweden till about

the ninth century ; and not into i'niland till near

■^co years alter ; and if not fiilt preachid, was at Icaftt

hrll ellablilhed, as we li.ive noticed by S. Siefiid,

who was afterwards martvied with tliiee of his 11c-

phcM s, by the Gothi.

The lilic fate attended St. Kfkill, and other Eng»
lifh, by the Swedes; and ahmit the vear 1 1 5c, S^t.
Henry, an Englilh bifhop, accompanied St. Erick,
king of Sweden, in his cxpedi'ion into Finland,
which the king conquered, and the bifliop r(>nvcrtcd
into Chrillianity ; he aid was martyred by the infi-
dels, and lies buried at Abo, the meiropolis of that
country.

The reformation there, as well as in Dcniraik ard
it '^ Norvv..y,

542

TRAVELS THROUGH SWEDEN.

[.768

began foiin sOn tlic nriphbiiuriiij parts of German)'
bail criihracc'il l.iillicr's tincts, ajul was c(Kibli(hed ac-
tou^iii,; ro hi.s platlorin. Tiic tyrannv ft Minii; Cliril-
ti:i;i 11. ulio t'.u 11 woic tht'l'c tiircc northern crowns,
{;,ii.- an opporiunily li> (jiiH.a ii«, the loiiiulcr of the
priKnt royal tamily, both to alter rel';;ion ami ad-
vanci- liinililf ti) tliL- Ji;;al dignity, w'lich till that
time w.is tlcc'livc, but was then jnadc liereditarv to
bis f.iinilv, in which it has ilncc continunl, as th;
I.utbernn u-lii;iiin has wUb clone in the country, never
but once ililhirbcil fniii abrnad, andlince that dil-
t'.irbanc.' never ilillraelid at linnie with nonconfor-
mity; ail thcorikrsof nica a|jrceii!::; in a conltnnt at-
tendance on divine I'ervice, and a /.e.il for their o« n
wa\ , wiihou; any nice inquiries intodifputable poinls,
cither in th.ir own tenets, o. thole of other churches,
whereby it b.Tomes the bufinels of their prCachers,
rather t<) pjrfuade the practice of liicty, than to op-
pofc the doctrine of others, or obllinately defend their
own.

The church is gn\crncd bv an arcbbifliop and ten
bilhn|)s, whole Ihuiies arc confined to thfir own ein-
plo\ ni'.'nl-, b^'in.; never called to council, but only at
the alliinblv of the lUtcs, nortinubled with the ad-
iiiiniflration of anv fecular affair. I'heir revenues
.nic very moderate ; the archliilhop of Upfal not
iinpnrlin:, four hundred pounds a year, the billioprick
iiftcr th u propoition. CnJer them arc feven or eight
I'upeiiniendents, who have all the power of bidiops,
and only want the name ; and over each ten chuiclies
is a pri'voll-, or rural dean, with lumc authority o\rr
the inferior c'iTl^v, of whom the fum total may belt
be coniputid by t!ie number of churches, which in
Sweden and rmlind, is (liort of 20CC, to which the
ii.lditijn of til ijilains and curates, will iacreafc the
bjdv of the tier.'.v to near 4000 peifons ; they are
all the fons of pearaiits or mean burL;ers, and can
therefore content ihi iiifdvis with the liii.ill income of
theii pi ices, which bcfid.s niore inconfiderable due;,
arlfe^ tuni glebe lands and one third of the tythcs,
of which tire otlier two thirds arc annexed to the
C't)wn, to be cmp'oyed in pious ul'es : however, the
cl'T^v have L^eiierally wberc-withal to cxercifc liofpi-
t.il tv, and arc ihecunftant ret'uj;e of poor travellers,
ilpeciallv ltrani',crs, who ufe to p.ci from priell to
jiii-rt, ils in other pi ices from conllablc to conllalde.
The cler;,v of each diocef-, upon the death of their
liil'nap, prO|iyie three pcrfons to the kinjj;, who either
iliuleoneof them, or foiiie other, to fuccccd in that
office-, which is alio praiitded In the choice of fuper-
ir.t'.iidcnt-. Ill the choice of an aiclibifliop ali
the chaplains in (he kinj;dom vote, but the determi-
nation IS i the kin.','s brcalt. Hi^ maiclly hath alfo
the p.itrona:;.-; ol molt churchc>.-, foinc lew only bcin;;
in me dil'pofd of the nobility. Many of their
churches arc u.lonied with variety cf fculptuics,
paintings, ^iUlin?;, J;c. AH of th; m arc kept neat
and I lean, and in _:_oiid repair, fi.rniibed as well in
country as citv, with rich altai cloths, cope>, and
other villmentv.

Stockholm, the capital of Sweden, lies in fifry-ninc
decrees twcniy-cight mir.iiti:s nortn latitude, and
jibout fortv-one longitude, asdefciibed by our modern
travell'.-r>,' is romantically fituated, being built on
feven or ei;;!it illaniisand rocks in the ;:r' at lake .Me-
rer, wliich gives it feme rclciiiblaiici of \'cnicc; and
this fiiu..iioi"i, like th.it of Venice, i- Uich a fecurity to
it, th.it no other lortificat ion have been thought iieccl-
lary. It is very well built ; the (treets in j;encral aie
broad, ilrait, and r.jular; and the public builiimgs
are many of them j;rcat ornaments to the place.
Amon'.; theU-, the king's pal.ice demands the fnlt at-
tention; this is an obi building, and therefore iritgu-
lir in parts, but it forms a fijii.'rc, and is raifed ol
Hone. It is witiiiii acitidel, but the fortification
could not do much in dcfer.rc of the town, and it is
belides (cmnianrlcd h\ an adjoining hill. Confidering
that the place fcrves lor many public r.lbs, beliJrs the
kiiu-:'s ufiddKc ; it is not only miMn but tinall ; all
the roon.» 0) the li:H .\ik\ f;conJ flu^ r, art tiled for

private meetings of the fcnate, and the courts of judi-
cature ; fo that the apartments of the royal family aie
three pair of (lairs hig;h, and fomcof them four. The
fenatc-houfc, where ihc public meetings, \i a very regu-
lar and lincidilicc, making the belt hguie of any in
tne tovMl.

I'hc houfes of the nobility arc not very magnificent,
but fomc of them are haiulfomc, otliirs large and
conimcdious. I'hc arfrnal is a large building:, but
bv no means well ilorcd : the ro- ' liable?, and tlie
!;reat liofpital, alio make fomc .lj , the bridge of
boats, which is 100 yaids long . d which tliey ihcw
wilh Ibme degree of vanity, is a paltry fubftitiite.
Among the churches, the principal are St. Nicholas,
St. .Mary's, St. Catharine's, St. Clare's, St. John's,
and St. Olive's. The king's chapel is more dccora-
teil than any of them.

The chief trade of the kingdom is c.irried on In
the citv; the Iia'bour will admit of ^oorreat Ihip'^,
.Old above 500 fmall ones at the fame time, which
might all ride in the utnioll fafetv ; and they hjvc a
ijuav for the delivery and taking in of goods, near a
mile long; and tins is reckoned the pleafantctt and
nioft chearful part of Stockholm. It has a face of
bulinefs and acli\ iiy upon the public qu.iy, which in
a town, is far more lively than the perpetual rattle of
coiiehcs. liut not withilanding it is a place of great
tiade, and the harbour perfectly fecure, yet there aie
dilKculiies in getting in and out, which is a cramp
upon their commerce,

Thrrc are numerous iflinds in the Jake lietwecn
Stockholm and the ft a, and thcfc caul'e iuch a winding
courfc, that f.vtral different winds are necefiary to
<arry them in and out ; and which is much the vvorfc
lor their having no tides, which would greatly aflill
the na\igation.

Oregiond is a fea-port on the gulpli of Kothrin,
tolerably well f;;uated for trade, elpccially that of
timber. From a hill near the town, is a moll beau-
tiliil view of the gulpli, with a gieat pai: of Kinlanil
on the other fide ; the illands of Aland fpot the fea in
a mi ft picturcfque manner.

At I ;o miles dillant is Hcdeinora. The country
is vciy wild and vaiious, hills and dale', ninuniains
and ro.:ks, bogs, rivers and lakes, al! mixed thickly
with a fmall <|uantity of cultivated and profitable
land. Ail the peafants here are farmers, and moil of
them own the laiuls they cultivate. T heir houfes are
very well built of wood, and covered with ihingles,
the materials being to be had in the utnr dl plenty;
they are much better, and more cnmfoi table dwelling-,
than the rottnges of mud, co\'cred v. 'lb thatcli,
wl'.ii h arc fo common in I'ingland. Tlitir furniture
is of their own nK,nufa£turing, connfting of very
little more than what they make of tlieir pines. All
of tlirm handle the faw and the axe wilh much ability,
nor do they make bad or clunify work, for their chairs,
tables, beds, &c. arc very decently cut and put toge-
ther. 'I'hey feem to he a very happy and contented peo-
ple; each has his farm divided into regular uulofurcs
around his lioufe, which the women almoll tnt:;llv cul-
tivate, while the men are ciiiploycd in cutting timber
in the foicils ; for they have a conliderablc river, down
which they float vaft quaniitics.

Th'.v always fix their hciifc in the niidfl cf a vale
of dry foil, upon a rock, if tliry can clioofe, fo that
all the woiks of tillage are performed with great cafe.
They cultivate but very little wheat, tlmugh their
land aj'pears to be good enough for any produil j
_ oats and a little barley, with a goud many beans, are
their chief crops ; but ihefe fetm to beai jio propor-
tion to theirfiflds of Swcdifli turnips, and alio another
fort, whiih we arc infotmed, does very well in the
fevered climates, and is more generally cultivated in
the northern parts of 'he kingdom. Up.n ih-.'fc
turnips, thty principally depend for their own diet,
as well as that of their cattle; and -li' r hovk'-, in
winte' have no other food : their breed i> fi .ill, ' ut
very llrong, uncominonly hardy, and v ry Ai;.' fooled,
going down even the moft rocky mouiiuin's fides.

Tli«

,7^,8.]

t R A V K L S THROUGH S W F. D L

S-Ij

The f.ininiis Provii'.c? of n:ilcrarli:i is thiii- dr-
firilifj by an Knj;lilli mntli man, who paU'cil tliroiigh
h Co l.itily ,is tlic yrar r;'.'S).

" 'I'lie wbiAr. cminirv lnoks as if tliorc was not
any privatL' |iiii|ifrtv in it : l)iii I fnund that iIk-Ic
fciicfts anJ wil Is h. 1(1 owners, as wi-ll as more culii-
vatcil proviiici'v. 'Ihrrc arc funic ginllcnu-n's fiats
in Dalctarlia, as I was infuinicJ, thuugii I law nonci
ana tlic-ir (k-wanU and a.'/nts employ iht pcafants in
tutting timber, in drawing piiih and tar, and in
making charcoal, on ihuir account", paying them,
in gi;neral, by nicafnrc and tal. j their "-ates of labour
»rc not hi^h, few of thcni earninn mure than four-
pence or Mvc-p-nre a dav, Knglilh, though they are
indultrioun and ulcd to h«id labour ; but thi-. pay is
(iilHcient lor maintainiri!^ them very well, with the
help ot their firm?, as their wives dung them, an<!
very old men do tliu principal bufincf, ot them. All
the purchafcs they have to make with money arc foiiu-
parts of their cloathing, which is extremely coarfe and
cheap, and alio iitenfiln and implements, all whiih
arc bouj;tit of travcllini; pedlars ; for I Jo not appre-
hen;l tlicre an- three fliops for buving them in this
iinmenle provincf. As their money is lufficient there-
fore til their wants, tlicl" being all the ufcs of it, ex-
cept fonie very fli;:ht t.:x :, they have very few in-
ftanccs amon^ tlicm of ui.-.appinels on account of the
want of money ; n.ir do i any where remember fieinfj
a people, that liiii more ap|->;ar,inceof perfect content
and h.ippinels among ihc-n. Tl,ev arc bU-flVd with
an almolt uninicrrupted flow of henllh, which is
owing to the nardv.els of their lives, attended with
wholcfoine diet ; a bolder, braver, hardier race of
men, 1 appreliend, do not exift, than th:- Dulecar-
Iians; they ale -i moll fincere, honcil, fi.iple, but
plainly fcnliblc people ; thev are as hofpitahle as can
well be contoivcd, infomuch, had I b^en ea;^cr and
;'ttentive to take advanta?/- of this ;];ood difpoliiion, I
ihould have travelled through their province, Ipendinc;;
notiiing but good words: indeed, money is fo fcarce
here, that paying them what thev demanded, without
the Icait hclitation, and forcing mnnev upon I'ome of
them, ffill my expences in tiavelling were low beyond
conception. I have leveral days travelled forty miles,
and paid fn- myfelf, man, and live horfet, with two
or three n ..'s, and a ni;^ht's lodging', only the value
of three ihillings Kn-liih. Indeed 1 took up witli
t'.ie food of the pealants, fat at their l.oard, and was
particular in nothing but letting up my own bed.
(his was a mode of travcilini; extremi.ly delirable in
lo wild a country, wlicrc the peal'ar.ts are the only
people in it, that demand the leall attention.

" I reached Lvnia on the 21!',, the dillancc of
near forty n>ilcs. I'he country as 1 adsanced, grew
amazingly romantic ; the view, as far as the eve caiv
cunin and, from the tops of the mountains, is one
vali range of mountain b.vond iiuiuntain, till you ice
the ndge that parts Sweilen fioin Nor^vav, rifiiii; far
ahovc the coni'ii in e'ouds. The v, lioie profpeel is a
thick woodland i and in many pl.xcs very confulcr-
ablc lakes, ot tome noles long and broad, breiik upon
the eye ; nothing can b-: more awful, or more lublime
than theic wonderful Icciies ; the fitnation of the
village ot Lyma is gieatly uncommon i it lies within
the l)end of the river, which is in tii\ a con'ii' ■ 1
water-tall, pourin ;; over one tijge of rocks the mo-
ment it has parted another; and niakin_^ fuch a con-
tinual roar as almolf to Ifiin the whfde yilbi'^ej im-
mediately beiiind it rili.; a 1 id^e ii',' mountains, whole
tops are, in cloudy weather, far above the clouds;
but fonunately for me, the wer-ther ha.s been uni-
formly clear ; lo that thefe dreadlul heights, with
Ihu torrent |>ouiiii; down atfheir feet, appeared mag-
llilicent in the higliell degree.

" In th" morning of the 2 5J, 1 tritvellel to Seriia,
which i« thirty-t.vo niile< ; wnere 1 ixt with nothing
Worthy of oll.-rv.aion. It is a little vilhge, tlie pea-
sants of which hive nothing more than gardens. 'I'lie

whole country is, liowe^er, ana/,
as the c\e coniniandi. Inch ran^
bc^linsit unbujiidcd.

magnificent,
It thick wood as to

" From .Serna, I turned full eail to H'. r'ala, thi
diftance near lixty miles, which took me up neur two
l.iys i through acouir.tv in v. hich thcie isaiiry
broad and con li lei able tiaik of nal land, \\'ilh a riM-r
in the middle of it. It is, as 1 guelV, twcn'v miies
irroiV, lino of a fu prratei leiij;ll). 1 liipiKde Snedtl!
does notcont.iin a richer track o| landj )ii very little
(d it is eullivatid 1 much of it is bog lome inarlh,
but mcdl of it is a dry, di'.p, lich, found loam. Ac
"erdala, m\ lirvr.nt overtook nie lii.nt Stoikho'ii'^
liavinc tr.iced me hy the intoimaiiim of the prafints.

" I'roni thiner I let off on the 26tli lor Linfdal,

village at the ddlance of eiiihty miles in the province
f Helfingia i which proved a journey of liuce davs^
through a more romantic, wild, and mountainous
country, than any I had yet feen.''

The trade of Sweden, was left in a mofV m f r.dile
condition at the ccnclufion of the war with Mufcovy.
Immidutcly after the death of Charles XII. fuch ;i
langour p-oceeded, that had not much attention been
L;iven to improvement, and a charge in the coi.llitu-
tion cnfucd, it would have taken ;,t leall a cmtnry to
have recovercil, and perhaps much more. Many of
the wounds then received, are not yet healed ; there
re tracks of country, in many ' f the provinces, which
once were well peopled, that nrc at this day dei'arf j
and the ravages of the Rufli.ins d\:llroy(.d foine valu.iMo
coppermines, which arc not yet recovered. Vhilhiri
thtfe twenty years much has been done to fpr.ad im-
provements, fo that the country wears a tine face;
hut all this is not to be called a creation of new in-
dulhy, much of it is only a renovation of that which
we long ago eijoyed.

The modern improver?, who have puflied mcll of
the advantageous laws which have hv( n m..de of l.ito
years in favour of commerce, Jcc. had oncpiincipal
aim, which was certainly very meritorious ; it was ta
force the Swedes, eitluT to manufaclure for themlelves,
or to go without the commodities forintrly in. ported
from abroad ; msnv l.iws were made with this \ iew j
and which at lall ended in almoll general prcdii-
hition toforei-;n fabrics. T bis was very well meant,
but it was drivirg too fafl, and has had fomcconfc-
Unences of a complexion by no means agreeable. If
is true feveral ma'nit'.ichires were illahlilhed in diflei-
ent parrs of the kingdom, to enable the people to pir-
form for themfelves, and lome of them fiice.eedcd we!!,
but It is a bufinefs of much longer time to n;ake .1
peopl« a manufai'hiring nation. The atterrpt to do
it at once, was not only unfucc^fsfu!, but was at-
tciidid with leveral evils to the whole kingdom.
Sweden impf.rtr.!, it is true, large quantitie.s ot manu-
f.ic'.ures, but then Ihe p.iid for M of them, or at le.ift
for much thv greateil part, with the prodiiets of her
own foil J fvich as copper, iron, timber, flii|i«, (lax,
hemp, pitch, tar, furs, (kin*, fvc. li that the noble-
men uho dirllcd themfelves in brcncii or Eii_'.;;h
tioaths ; his wife, who wore French and Italian fiiks }
and all u ho expendid their jcvenuc in nr.v foreign
import, did, at the fame time, rnniingc the lower
cliiU'es of the people, and indeed ailiit th; whole Hate,
by exporting the above producii, in pioportion to tf f
goods fo impoited and worn. The I'"gi(lature faliely
imagined, that foreigners lould net i!o without thofe
products they bou;;bt of Sweden, and paid for with
tiuir niaiiul.ilures ; th>v fuppol'ed thry would buy
in the feme proportion, am: pay foi them with money;
but this was at b' (I a delulion, for other nations km w
their inteulls as will as the Swedes, and immediately
trans:ci red a vail poition of their trade to Norw.;y
and Is udia ; the conlci]uei',ce of which has bei n, that
tile coppe:- and iron work', n every province in tlu
kinL'dom, are dit'coiuiaueii 1 r want of tlie old de-
mand ; and a great number oi hands, once eniplojtd
in the timber trade, have ever lincc llood rtiU.

Trad;: hoACNcr, is now rather inchntd to Hourilh
in Svvelui, the people aiv \ery aticHtive to it, and
lome ol the laws th.it have been made to encourage it,
h.ive bad goo.i cffct. 'File Hupping bilong iie, to the
kingdom, is much incicaUd iit tlic Ult tiiiity yc-irs »

tbcy

544

TRAVELS THROUGH SWEDEN.

[i-M

tlivy export more of their commodiiics in their own
bottnms than formerly i which h;is in every iifpcel,
proved a vciy advantageous thing to them. Al. their
lnip|)ing, aiul cvtiy article of naval ftores, arc their
own product ; fo that an incrcalc of it, is gninin^
(int- of the moll advantagcou< markets in tlic woild.
Indfcd a very confiilerable nrtiile of trade with them,
is buildiii;^ lliips for fale ; in which aitiele, the I'mich
.inJ Uiiteh arc the bell piMrhali.-rs. The former, it
is well known, once bought a (Ivet of nine fail of men
of war of ihe line of them, at one timr; and the Dutch
;ire rcgulai purchalert of fonic merchant fltips ; but
the chief inoreafe of their Ihip building has been for
theinfelves, in confeqtience of an incrcale of their
foreign trade, which it is fuppofed, is now, on com-
parifon with what it was thirty years ago, as five to
three, tonage leckoned.

The eftabliflimcnt of the Eaft India commerce lias
been of riuch confcqucncc to them, in this article of
(hip building, and indeed to all the other branches of
commerce in the king J im j for Eaft InJ'« -'oods were
before boi.ght with cafli, without br !:j,jig in any
advantages by fliip building, c the employment of
feamen j bi t the government has obliged the company
to expo.-, tc the in '.i s a given quantity of Swedifli
niamit..-lurei i :.U wnich exportation is clear profit,
b.fiiles I 'C i.ir umiianrc!" mentioned .ibove. This
i-(h\bliflv cent jf an EalJ ( idla cmpany in Sweden,
c.iiplry^ki c . 'i^ciil.itirr >f the 'rading part of Europe,
wi^.'i pri/nouii'- i it a vifionary fcheme, and one
which co<.iJ -• '..Ti'ily anCvcr J but experience ha?
no-.rio'ii ih Ml, .ii •. nuthl",,v.aj lefsjuft than this con-
dem.i: ■ tor the whc".e kingdom of Sweden is fup-

plie. b) It, and *her. 's a pretty confidcrable qunntity
of I.i !ia g^'ods ^xpcrted to Poland, alfo fome to
Cjcri.i.nv, .lid a few ;c> Ruflia ; all which are very
wrcat and conri.''".-.'le .id, antaa;es, compared \v;.h the
tune whtnth'V thcrtji ).-C' .ought their whole home
comumiition of the ''•"u'jiirh ...J Dutch.

Anotli'.r fciicmc ol tr.-vie which has been partly ex-
ecuted, though not entirely, is to import all their
\Vt:l\ India conimrdities in their own bottoms ; this
was not an eafy mi.ttcr to execute, for it is contrary
to the laws of a.l the nations, that have colonies in
that part of the world ; but certain it is, th.it in
fpitc of all obftaclcs of this foit, they do purih.ife
luri'e quantities o,' fugar, rum, &c. in the Welt India
iflands j and another channel, through which they do
this bulinefs, is through the Hahema iflands, where
they buy from the account of Boi! n merchants,
poods which come from the Englilli nds. 'I'his
plan is not brought fully to bear, but u ihcy get it to
be quite fuccefsful, it will make a confidcrable de-
duction from the navigation of England, and add to
that of Sweden.

Building of (hips for foreigners has lately received
a very laumblc bounty of ten lhi!lin;;s a ton, which is
cue of the beft confidered mcafiircs that could have
been executed i and if this bounty was to be raifed lb
high, as to enable the Swedifli fliip carpenters to
under fell the tnglifti and Dutch ones by many ()er r
cent, in their own yards, it would be a moll political '
meafurc, and perhaps give the kingdom a more advan-
t;i2eou« market for moft of her ilaple commodities,
than :ill their other methods put together. .

Among til', manufactures which thev have been |
eager tocftablilh, the principal is the woollen. They
have in coarfe cloaths m.idc fome proifrcf-, and begin
to work fome that are fine ; an improvement, which
his been much owing to their gainings better breed
of fticcp from England, and which liavelioen dilpcu'ed
with much afliduiiy over moft parts o{ the kingdom.
liy means of Polilh wool, mixed with the woilt of
their own, the Swedes make tolerable coarfe clotiis,
and other fabricks ; and the bcff they import from
Piilmd, mixed with the brft of their own, m.ikes a
finer cloth, thjt fells W'J! at home, and prcchi.lcs
the impor' of any but the fined of all, worn by the
nobility and gentry of confidtrabic fortunes. 'Ihcir
njiinufadure* of the coail'c iyrts ai* fo enlarged by
b

degrees, th.it they have for fome years, exported iln.dl
qiiaritiiies ol it to I'olaiid ; wlii< h fhcws liow Jar thi y
have been able to cany tlieir p int.

Bcfides ihele wi.ullen f.ihiics, wlii( h are In a w;iv
of proving eonliuei.ible iiiouliIi to .'op toiilly .,il im'.
porlatioiis ill time, they li.ae alfo e(l:ibii''.id jtinx
of linen, hut th^fe lire not yet li) fat ...!,. ..iitd as the
former; tluy make l.iigc quantitiisof n coarlc lort,
which (ells well among the conmion peiijiU- ; but alj
the higher chillei of inli.ibitans iile that wluch tunics
from England, HolUiul, or turmaiiy.

'I'hc manufactories of hard wan-, are much th^
greatell niiioii!; the Swedes. 1 hey work and calt tlu ir
copper and iron into inanv forms, and ni.ike of tlum
a great variety of implenu nl«, uti iilil'., and niateri.;Ii
for nianufaiituiing ; lucli as bar; and plate^, of copper
and iron, various foils ot wire, great t;uns, and Jiu-
merous other articles in the tuundry way. Thev ex-
port vail quan;ities of iron aiiiiuilly, for wnitis,
England, Holland and France rretheii tnflcii{toniirsi
but the Englilli pay them a bah'.nce ol tr..i!e, anicuii;-
ing to fevcrai hundred thoufand poiind.> annu;.liy, of
which, iron and timber are the prineipjl aiticles tliiy
take ; whereas the IVench p.iy them in nothing but
wines, brandies, and manul.icluics. (>t ull tli«
articles of their trade, iron and tin.b.r arc the ii.olt
confidcrable.

As to the improvements which have been nndc in
their hulbandry, taken at large, the grand .irtlelc h.u
been the prevcniing the iinpoititinii a c>':n from
abroad; high iliities at fiili, and then a piohihilion,
have in this inltance, bien attended with every efr'ecl
they could wi(h. liy quick degrees, thev intioduccd
the culture of wheat in many provinces, which b. fori
had never thought of fuch an article of cultiiaiion ;
and by taking proper mcafiircs for encour;ging tfic
peafants, the point li.is been fo thoroughly c...iied,
that Sweden at pielenr, raifis as much corn as i!ie
confumcs, and in fome years n;'-re ; fo that a unuil
exportation has tnkt n place more ih.iii luu c.

In thj debates thiit have aril' n at diir..rcnt times
among the memheis. of the legillature, on this point
of the advancement of huflunory, th.'-y h...-. h.d,
wh.1t may he called two pai lits i.uiong th-. in ; i lie v. ho
were tor cllab!:ihiiig many rules fi^r the [articuh.r iii-
flrinflion ot peaSints ; pieiii'mns for tii'ir ;;c>od con-
<lii.5t, for pidciiriiig gocd farmeis from o'h .r parts of
Europe, to ft example.-, all) the bt'f iinjilemci.ts
and breeds of cattle, with fome good woikir.cn for
draining of bogs, and bringing waftcs ...t.: eulture,
at the expcnce ot the legifl.tuu", by way ., .'hewing
in what nian;rr fuch woiks o;ii^ht to be- I'l.'ie. ()ii
the ci.ntrary, the other party (Ireiiuoiiily urged, 'I h;it
the I eci.tioii of all il.ile n'.inutc ideas woulu proM;
very e;:peii'^ve, and particuhirly Irom being obli i.d
to tfill 1i1i.:t. to many pi'plc, .o-.J aVn; ift without
crntroul. Tliat befuies this llr"iig oljeciion, tiie
e(tee't« leiiilwg could m t ''• 'a i_;'eat c; gcncial, biit
vr-uld be confined tofi.iall Ipot-, Ir.rii which it might
Ix- .1 centiiiy before they would i.aw'. over h.'lf the
kingdom; for this rcalon, th y projioled tg - tnit a!'
fuch atte.npts, ...dc.infiiu- tl.uii (elves tor.eneral laws,
which P ,. lid a(HiCt fhe whole kin;dom; luch, for
•iftance, as the prohi'iiti n of the importation of al!
I oieign comniodiiKi 'hat -ould be r.iil'.d at liom.,
nd pirticularly corr , thai when ihis l.-.w had t.ikv ,
I'll I Ifec'l, '.neli to g.ve the iinprmeinent of ano'her,
ort'ering bounties upon thcexpoitation oi'various foit..
ot corn, ar. 1 other commoditic.., to iiifure a quick
f Ic 'It a good price, whicli would be of all other
n.eali res ihe moll likely to induce the jprmers to en-
large the culture of them. Oihcr peiieral laws flioulJ
aid) be bii'iight in aid, to eximpt the improvers of
walfc lands Irom all taxes, tithes and public charges
for lite. Alio to introduce l.alcs, in tiie tenures of
land-, of loii_; duration, with leveral other fciuniesof
inriri.igcnieiit that had rcfcicnce to the kingdom at
large.

The lej;i;l,iturc very wifely followed ivithrr of
tlicfe propulaU in cxcluliuii ot the other, but gr.ulu-

«1!/

1-.

^^■^^i

»768.J

tftAVELS THROUGH SWEDEN.

illy took from both what appeared prudent and likely
to be cfflcaciouj., They prohibited the importation
of corn, upon the plan of one party ; and they at-
tended to the minutiz of agriculture, purfuant to
the ideas of the other. Some laws wcre,likcwifc
made concerning leafes, and improver! were ex-
empted from taxes ; but wiiethcr they will give a
bounty on exportation, is yet a qucftion. It is the
general opinion, that the plan \% not dropped, and
that the mcifure will be executed, whenever the quan-
tity ot corn at home fufficicntly reduces the price.

With regard to the military power of thc.SwedeS,
the change in the conllitution upon the death of
Charles XII. funk it entirely to the militia, except
a few guards for the king's perlbn ; the former is en-
tirely upon the old fyftcm ; they are maintained by
the farmers ; but the number which was once 60,000
men, is not at prelcnt more than 42,000 i however,
they are very well difciplined, and fufficient for the
detcnce of the kingdom againft any force that is
likely to march againll it.

Sweden has nothing to fear but from RulTia, and
whilft flie leaves the conquered provinces peaceably
in the hands of the Mufcovites, which undoubtedly
(he will do, there is not any danger of their diilurbing
her poflclfion of the remaimler. The fleet of Sweden
was once pretty coiifiJeiable, amounting to forty
good (hips of war j but it is much declined. They
could not fend out to fea 10 fail of the line in jEood
order, fn that their power i j not equal to that of Den-
mark by fea, nor that of Ruflta.

Thecullom of a jury of 12 men is (o ancient in
Sweden, that their writers pretend it had its original
among them, and was thence derived toother nations,
but at prcfent it is difufed every where, except only
in the lower courts in the country, and there the jury
men arc for life, and have falaries ; they have this
peculiarity to themfclves, that amongft them there
mull be an unanimous concurrence to determine a
caufc, which in other courts is done by a majority of
voicas.

Titles to eftates are rendered more fccure, and lefs
fubjeil to coiitrfts, by the regifters that are kept of
all falcs, and alienations, as well as of other engage-
ments of them i the purchafer running the harard of
having an after-bargain take place of his, if he omit
the recording of his tranfaclion in the p'-oper
court.

In criminal matters, where the faift is not very
evident, or where the judges are very favourable, the
defendant is admitted to pu-gc himfelf by oath, to
•vhith is oftentimes added the oath of fix or twelve
f.nermen, who are all vouchers of his integrity.

Trcafon, murder, double adultry, burning of
houfe< vitchcraft, and the like heinous crimes, arc
punifliv;ii with death, which is eaecuted by hanging of
hien, and beheading of women, to which burning
alive or dead, quartering and hanging in chains, is
fometimeS added, according to the nature of the
crime.

Learning is of no great antiquity in Sweden 5 it
is not 46c 'ears fince the introducnon of it j and
few monuments extant of a more ancient date, ex-
cepting infcriptions, rudely cut upon rocks, and un-
hewn ftoncs, which are every where found ; but as
they have no date, fo they feldom exprefs more than
the nam ,of perfons, of whom no other memory re-
mains ; that which makes them mod remarkable is,
th.'t they are writ in the ancient Gothic and Runic
t.iaradlcrs.

The mod curious piece r. learning among them,
is a tranllation of the E/angclifts into the Gothic
tongue, done about tv.'''l';e or thirteen yean ago, by
Ulphila, a bilhop Of the Goths in Thracia, ofwhich
they have the fole ancient manufcript copy that .{
known in the world. Since the reformation, G if-
tavus Adolphus was the fitft great patron learning
hud ill this country, by whom the univerfitics that
had been much impaired, were endowed with tolerable
fal.iries for profeflbri ia moft fctcnces. Thefe his
V.I.. 1. No. 47,

daughter Chriftina fomething augmented, and by the
fame of her own learning, and tiie favourable recep-
tion (he gave to fcholars, drew fcvcral learned men
from abroad, that have left good proofs of their
abilities, and raifed an emulation in the natives, whofc
bcft performance is in the hiftory, antiquities, and an-
cient laws of the country.

The univerfity of Upfal confids of a chancellor,
who is always a great niiniller of liate ; a vice chan-
cellor, ^ways the urchbilhop ; a redtor, chofen out
of the profeflbrs, of whom there are about ao that
have each 150I. a year falary. The ordinary number
of lludcnts IS about Icvcn or eight hundred, Hfty of
whom are inaintaincl by the king, and fume few:
others were formerly by perfons of quality; the reft,
that cannot fubfift of tlicmfelves, fpend the vacatiuit
in gathering the charity of the diocefs they belong to,
which is commonly given them in corn, butter, dried
fifh, or fljft), ifc. upon which they fubftft at the uni-
verfity the reft of the year. They live not collcgiatcly,
but in private houfes, nor wear gowns, nor obferv«
other dilcipliiie, than what their own necelTity or dif-
pofition leads them to.

The other univerfity of Abo, in Finland, is con-
ftituted in the fimc manner, but lefs numerous itl
profcflors and ftudcnts. There was a thiid at Lun-
den in Schoncn, which having been interrupted by
late wars, is thought fit to be difcontinucd, becaiife
it^ neighbourhood to Denmark nourilheil in the ftu-
dents an afteiSion for that crown, to ivliich that
province formerly appertained j yet it is again rc-
ftored.

In each diocefs there is one frec-fchool, where boys
are fitted for the univerfity ; and other trivial fchools
to which children arc fent to learn to read, write, and
fiiig their prayers i a cultom fo univerfal, tliat very
few want this degree of education j and fuch as are
not defigncd for a life of ftudy, feldom go any far-
ther.

Public provifions for the poor, are very few; there
are not above five or fix hofpitals in the kingdom,' and
a little alnis-houfe in each parilh, maintained by the
charity of the inhabitants, to which they are for the
moft part very well difpofed, according to their abili-
ties.

Air. Wraxall in his tour through Europe, gives
us the following defcription of the prefent ftate of
Upfal.

" The Swedes (fays he) had infpircd me with fucli
exalted ideas of this univerfity, that I was only tear-
ful left a fingleday might be far ihadcquatc to fuch an
undertaking, and to have fpciit a longer time in fo
agreeable an occupation. I am however, at prefent,
moft completely undeceived, and ran afi'urc you that
Upfal has hardly one inducement to draw a man of
tafte to vifit it, unlefs from being the rerulence of
Linnius. This Lyceum of the north, has not one
piece of painting within its walls, and only two of
fculpturc, which are bufts of Guftavus Adolphus,
and Charles XI. A gentleman w.ho refides here, and
who is fon .of the late archbifliop of Upfal, did us
the honour of being our Ciceronic, and to conduit
us over the place. I enquired of him how many col-
leges there were, and which was the moft celebrated.
" Sir, (fays he) we have three; but I cannot fay
any of them deferves your notice. The principal ob-
jeiSs of attention are the library, the cathedral, and
the botanical garden. I know not of any thing
elfe."

The firft of thefe is a real prond building, and there
is a cabinet in it, atwh'-H, lor vant of a better em-
ployment, I fpent an h u. ortwc, while the librarian
fhewed me a number o ' ittlc ti nkets, rather than ra-
rities, which are prefei ired «ith great care. Among
thefe, is the identical hag which Judas kept one of
the thirty pieces of filver, money cpf which he received
for hii perfidy, in delivering up his maftcr; and a
pair of red flippers, in which the Viigin Mary paid a
vifit to her coufin Elizabeth. 1 muft do the man the
juftice to fay, that he blulbe^ as he (h«wcd them to
7 A mej^

l5~-

i4«

TRAVELS THROUGH SWEDEN^

me i and I could not help telling him, that I thought
tlic univcrfity would noi do aniil's to IciiJ thcl'c preci-
ouj fclics to S(. J.inu.irius, or my Lady ot Lorctto,
who, it tluy arc not already pruvidid with others,
might probably be Iiiglily obliged by lb vuluablv an
acquifition.

" As to the cathedral, it is built of brick, and as
the two towers at the well end, lately wanted repair,
they have with great talh- added adoric architrave to
thele gothic walls, and placed (wo great domes of cop-
per on the top. It mult notwithllanding, be for ever
venerable, while the remains of Gultavus Valla, and
Chancellor Oxcnftierii repofe in it. The laft of thefe
great men, whole virtue and wifdom Sweden yet
reveres, rclls in an obfcure chapel, beneath a com-
mon Hone. Ho has no monument ereiiUd, or epitaph
infcribed to his memory } while a St. Eric, who was
a king and a devotee in fomc barbaroui age, is pre-
Icrved in a fhrinc of filver gilt, and placed on the right
hand of the high altar.

" There are at this time, as I am alTured, near
1500 fludonts in the univerfity of Upfal. They are
not however, young men of tainily and condition as
with us, but for the moil part miferabic poor, and
lodge five or fix toi^cther in wretched hovels amidft
dirt and penury. The profelTors in different branches
of literature are about twenty-two, the largell of
whofc falaries does not exceed one hundred and thirty
or forty pounds per annum, and art in general not
half that fum.

" On our firft arrival, the gentleman who accom-
panied mc, and who was intimately acquainted with
Liniixus, fent his compliments to fay, that he would
do himfjlf the honour to wait on him if agreeable
immediately, and would introduce at the fame time
an Englilh genilemaii, who had been induced to vifit
Upfal from ihe fame of fo great a man. He lent us
word in return, that he would pay us a vifit in the
afternoon, at three o'clock, when he had done dinner.
Ht eamc punctually at the hour marked, and after
ftayinjj; fume time, conduil'.ed us to the botanical par-
den, where hv fliew'cd us all his collcdlinn of plants,
Ihiubs and fl )uers, which .me vtry numerous, and
have b.'cn prclintcd to him from every part of the
globe. Ar the .loor, he took his leave, and quitted us.

This ce'.-brittcd botanift is now in the fixty-ninth
year of his a.a-. He is of a middle fi/,i', inclining to
Ihort, which i.. (lill incnafird by his ftooping prudi-
gioufly when he walks. H- was dreflld in a plain
blue fiiit of ci Mths, .md boDted, which is common
with the Swedes. Ar his button-hole hung the white
croli vf the order of the Pole Star, wliich was con-
ferred on him bv the late kinj; Adolphus, who admired
and honoured hirn. He enjoys a very eal'y indepen-
ilaii.e from his l.flary, and pupils in the univtiiityi
belides which, he is laid to be pofli ll'd of a conlider-
abie fortune .icquircd by his profclfion. He has a
country hoiii'i about five miles out r.l' t iwn, and keeps
his chariot. Hi-hasoncfon and four daughters alive;
but I do not fi:id thcv poficfs any of their father's
genius. At n eO'nt he ve'v larely attends the bot;'.ni-
cal pa;ties wli ih are made twice a week round Upl'al,
and are conduiStcu hv his Ion, who is botanical pro-
fefibr. Lini'xu- has been in England, France, and
Germany, Ina i|ieaks no languages except the Latin
and Swedilh ; in the former of which, he convcrfes
with perfed fauiay. His knowledge, 1 am alTured,
is by no means univcrfal, but confined almoft abfo-
lutely to natural hidory, in which it is unbounded.
His faculties are as y. t unimpaired, except his memory
which begins to fiiH'er fonie diminution."

Dilfbo (Kinds on a river near the Baltic, and has a
harbour that admits fhips of 200 tons burthen, but
yet there is hardly j'V trade at it : now and then a
vcflel comes for a hjaJ of t'inber, but it Is ieldom.
From thence to Hudwickfuald, is through a flat
country, pretty well cultivated, and the inhabitants
mucli more indiilirious. Here arc two or three lar^ic
houl'es furrounded by conliderable farms ; and
eentlcman's feats ; and the owners ..cm to carry

on a hulbandry equal to any in Sweden. Their
crops arc gincrally good ; and the produiSis rife, upi'ii
a medium of all lnrts, to three or fuurquaiuis pn
acre: their dw.irf luans are a f.'vourite nop here, thi^
do not grow more than a lout iiigh. Ariiiiiial gr.iliii
arc very ranly fan in tins kingdom, and iluie is
certainly a reafon lor it j the great pleniy of \m1J
ground and nurihe , on which the pealant>de4)cnd for
the fuhlidcncc ot thiir cattle.

Hudwickfwald is txtf niely well fituuted for the
Baltic trade; the harbour is I'picious, fafe, and ad-
mits Ihipsof any burthen : there aie a few merchants
in the town that are rich. They have a tolerjbic
quay; moll of the II rvets are regular and clean, aii4
fome of them nektiy built.

Tuna Is about thirty-fix miles from Hudwi^krwald.
The country is various; parts of it m.nfh y, and
parts dry: a good deal of the latter is culavaied.
Many of the pe..f.in!s here p;'y di.ir r nt with )j..it
of the products if their l..nd, and lli.'.r laiulloid'a
ftcwards come in lluops from b;'i(.khulm at .1 ct;'t..iu
time of the year, to nreive ti u- pioduct.s; this is
reckoned here very adv..nta.;ious io i\\^ laijilii-ids,
for they have the corn, (<c. at a much lei's calcul.iitj
value than wh.t ihcy fell it f-'Pat S.ocklioliv., all ex-
pcnccs nckonid ; but at ,'11: lam.' tinu', the pi a' ami
like it better than being loiced to find the niLin;,,
which is very Karcc lire. They cultivate lupc
quantities of corn, ami many turnips .ind cari.t.-,
and have Ihe art of fatti ning oxen with thefe rinjis iii
winter, by boiling and marfhing iliem, ;'..d thci
mixing fome meal uf b.iiley or oais uiih thein ; witii
this food their oxrn and their hogs fatten very quicj. ly,
and they reckon, if the crop of roots is good, it pru\e»
in their w.iy of ufing it, one of the b<.il a farmer can
cultivate.

Una is one of the moft confidcr.ible to.Mis in V.'ift
Bothnia. It is fituate on a very fine Lirge livcr, vviii(h
falls into the Ciulf; there is a go< d harhour lor
(liips, and the place has a pretty brilk trade in tiinhcr,
iron, pitch, tar, &c. and having two or thuc nur-
chants of large property, to whom liviial lliips
belong, they carry on a trade here with HoUaiid and
England, loading out with the products of the coun-
tries around the Gulf, and bringing hi.ine a iircat
varietv of commodities, which they fell in all the ports
around ihcB.iltic, in Sweden, RiilTia, Li.onia, Puland,
Pruffia and Germany. It is of very t;r.Jt advantaL;c
to a town to be inhabited by a lew luch ext^ii le
traders, for the profits ccntic in it; thty en i)loy
thcii townOncn in their fliipping, and export much
more proiliifls than would be done if it were not foi
them. Thefe merchants alto niiicli enrich the place
by their fhip building ; for they have ncv.r lefs th.:n
three or four upon the lloeks at a tiuo ; thefe fliip*
they fell wherever they can get a ma ket, cargo anJ
all, which they often do to good advantage.

" p'roni hence palTing through a wild country, we
came to Tornco. Here they have fomc appearance <f
cultivation around their cottages ; hut it is only for
their own luhfillenccj there is enough however, to
(hew, that high as the latitude of this country is, (it
is about fixty-fix degrees) it would pro.luCL pUnf.-
fully for a numerous people; but it ii very thinly
inliabite.I.

" Through all the provinces of Sweden (fays our
author) that I have travelled, 1 am convinced that the
principal caufc of the country being fo thinly in-
habited, is the fm.-.ll number of fanners ■ thrib'lnj
o.ily ptafants, with land enough round their cott.igcs,
lor the fubfillcnce of the people within them. Many
of thefe little fpots belong to them; ;:nd none tf the
children of one will ever brook living in .1 '■•■ i:ie
manner than their fathers did ; wl. ch fcems ;o he a
prevalent idea amon,2;rt them : fo that a family in •'lij
fituation arc furc to leave but one reprelVntaiiv , an-
lefs fome gemkman builds cottages, and gives .jvay
his lands around them, which it may calil, be
imagined is not very com'non. This prevents
maf'fiaijes among the fons i for, as ihey canuot have

their

«7r4-)

TRAVELS THROUGH SWEDEN.

flicir own cottage* ami lands, they live at home iin-
marrii'd, with tlic biuthcr who inherit : thus little
or no increalc hiijipens, iinlcf'S by mere actidents,
But if all thcli; pcariiits lived in hired cotta(;i'<,
without any lanil, and the country was cultivated by
great farmers, who could afford to pay them money
lor their labour, the farmers would grow ten timts
the produce which is now grown, and exjnrt all
that was not confunied i v%hich would bra enud.mt
motive to thcin to increafe their bulinefs, and cfeuUile
to fix their Tons in other farms. In the cafes of Knie
patriotic perfons, who have matle impriiveircnts in
hufbandry, and built houl'es, we found belore, that
(he people incrcafcdas fail as could bcwilhed.

•* Torneo Hands better than any other town on
the Gulf, for the trade of Lapland, Which is m t
inconfiderable in furs, lome of which are very
valuable. It lies near three confiderablc rivirs,
which (low through all Swtdilh Lapl.'iid, and opens
• fmall commerce with Norway und Mufcovite
Lapland ) to that at Torneo I found more Ihippiiig
than I had feen at any place I had lately bicn at on
this fea. Ships come from Stockholm hither, ladei.
wi'h all forts of iiccell.irics for thefc northein p:o-
vinccs, and cany thcii products back in r.turii,
Hence thf town is toler biy w. 11 built, the iUtets
bioad anc' ftraighs, rnd vt ry well paved, and Ibmc of
til.- merciiAnts, of which there are a ^reat number,
very rich. They build fliips and fit tluni out cm
tradinij voyages, and make every elliiri to en,|i'.i>v
their m n. j !'• a. it may bring in i;oud interell i b.it
wi;l. .11 th:ii '■■! I avfiuis, they are nut .ible lo inci'e;ilc
th trade of the plaee, further than what the fame men
would cany on at any oilur: which is owing lo
a want o> population and Wealth in the country
behind them i ii^ th -t ther are much limited in the
com nod: ies they export, and alio in the ijuantity uf
tliofr th y iinport.

Crvrannum, a little town on the coaft, which is
fubfilted chiefly by tinvng. Tlie inhabitants in the
molt northerly part.s ot the two IJothnia's, have a dif-
ferent app.arance from the Swedes in the fouthern
provinces of the kingdom : they arc Ids informed, of
afhoiior ll.iiure, and more irregular in th^ir drels,
m.iiy of them fewing together the (kins of foxes, and
other wild creatures whole furs are not of value, and
make their cloathing in a much rougher and more
ordinary manner ; nor are they lo intelligent or com-
prchenhve j but they arc a very limple and harmlcfs
people, appear to be very humane ; moft of them are
exceedingly refpeClful and civil. Their ordinary fa-
lutation is not bowing, like the Swedes in other parts,
thcfe countrymen take hold of your right hand, and
lay it over their left, making ilrange faces at the fame
time.

The next town of the leaft confequcnce, is Salo,
which carries on a very fmall trade, about eighty
miles diftant from hence.

Nicarlby is a place of no great confidcration, It
was once a town that carriciT on a great trade ; but
when the Riiflians over-run the province, they burnt
it to the ground, and quite ruined fevcral of the
greateft merchants in it ; fince which it has never re-
covered its trade, the commerce at prefent carriid on
here not being at all confiderablc. It is not however,
badly built, and the ftreets are regular. The church
is I'mall, but very neat. They have a trifling manu-
faiftute of very coarfe woollen goods, for the fupply of
the neighbouring country ; but it does not feem to bS
in a flourifhinglituation.

Vcro, is another little town on the Gulf, with an
exceeding good port, and a tolerably built quay,
which is the only goud ftrect in the town. There is
a little trade upon the coaft, and to .Stocl^holm, which
confifts chiefly in timber. Thci'2 are not above fevcn
or eight hundred fouls in the place, and it appears to
be but a poor one.

WafTay, is a place of greater note, it has more
trade, and feveral merchants, tolerably wealthy,
inhabit it. who have Ihips of their own, in wliich

they export l.npe quantities of tiniher : hut they w.iiit
a home deiii;ini", lu lu.id their vedi.s biiek Dj;:.i'i, for
the country beluiMl liie town ii one eonliniud tciiU,
without an) cultiv.iled fpots or vili 'jc, . iid r'.ichcs
lioni hence quie to the whilf ( .', through feveral
Kiiiri.in provinces, i,t the ililtinc ol i.eiir roo miles,
iiid lc.:icely any iiili.ihit.mt- ti h': fi;und all the wiiy.

Ol the revolution at Siocklx.lm, uliiih f'.:ipii!cd
all me world, wc I. ive the lul_K". 'in' account.

*' Thi O|>preflion (;.iys our ,i.,i*inr) oi' ihccon-
eluding )i.ai. <if the reign of C.'ii'rI.s Xil. w m Inch,

that on his death in 1718, the II. 'cs rjbl filter

Ulrica Elionora, prevu ir. fo her ;ifi-'....!ii,y tli tl^ ct'C,
10 renuiiiicc i.ll heredita.-/ iiglt o< ai-lo'ui.i ,'"iver,
and to hold ilic crown nuiely by tleei've Ki'i.nt.
She rcfigned even th- . limited foveriijiiiiiy I'.m ).ar»
after, into the h .;.i'', (it her hutb.ir.d tli'- I'riiUc of
Hille, who died in tiy yiar lysi. He h d ihe lefo-
lution of a br.i' e ind ictive kin;% ;n<; n h j.inM liy
apprehiiidcd, w.iulil have •cpclielli' I h";>.'elf rf fiiat
p.iuer which hi'- i,ul?rn Im! bri 11 i,( |.m,' d f-f, if his
wa:it of child'iii had not i;:..de hin. iaci.tt •.■. la to art
:'itjii;.''itioii, which he could nor traniniit to nia
dell endants.

•' Adolpliu', the late fovcrcipn, 'v.^s a weak nr.'W,
and uiuler him tin- (!eii-..'cr.itii a' auth'"t) .iitain-d m
utiiiolt jui ;ht. 'I he ro/.\l r. venue wns Mtv in .dr-
iiuate to his dignity, and iiis weij;!;: in thi; I'calc of
gov( rniiirm inconlideiahle and di!,ii(i.d.

" Intn;- htuation, Gull vus Hi. liicee.'de.l lotl;?
crown. lie [/olV' If d the fun- .idvaiitaKeover lii> twd
inniiedia'e prcl^c If'rs, wlixn Ivs pre(i./it M j ity
Cicorye 111. ot England, did rver ii«, in his ace;-
1m" ; that lie w.X', born in ther-iinir>- ov'i whi.li 'io
rei;;iied, ai'..l fpoke the langi;a^i peiln'l,. 'Ihe
Swi.de-, who fincc the yejr 1720, hiul I in only
foreigners on the throne, were charmed to h:ue once
(norc a king from among theml'elves j their i;iy wai
demoiiHrated by their behaviour, and medals were
(Iruek upon the orcafion.

" On the 19th of Augijd, 1772, this extraftr-
dinary event was produced, which again reftored to
the crown thofc prerogatives (he had loft lor more
tl.an half a century. The king's fecreey, addrefs,
and dilTimulation in fo dangerous and criticaf a junc-
ture, far furpailed what might have been expected
from his age. It is faid only five perfons in the king-
dom were cntrulted with the defi^n, which was car-
ried into execution with as much vi.;our, as it had
been planned with fagacity and judgment. The fol-
diery and the people, were fucceffiveiy gained by
the eloquence with which the young king addreffed
thrm, who plainly evinced the vaft importance of
this quality in popular commotions, and public afl'airs.
Very few perfons were imprifoned, and that only for
a (hor' time ; nor have any of them experienced, in
the fmalleft degree, any diminution of t\u royal favour
on account of their oppolition. The fenate took a
new oath of allegiance to the prince, and tranquillity
uas reftored throughout the kingdom.

" It is however, difficult to lay, what limits are
exadlly fixed to the government, or how far they may
be enlarged and infringed,' particularly under a prince
who has already fucceeded in his firft enterprize, and
certainly pofl'cft'ed in an eminent degree, many of
thefe qualifications and talents, which have a pro-
digious ertViit on the niiillitude. He is aftahle in his
manners and converfation to condefcenfion, and often
makes unexpeiiled vifiis to perfons of intuior rank*
where he behaves with iin eale and politemfs wKieli
muft inlallibly render him beloved. Hi. infpcflsevei v
department of ftatc in his own perfon, and tliem(i.n.ft
lubjedls may prefent his grievances without feor of
repulfe. His foldiery adore him, and the peculiar
attention he jtays to their dilcipline, the continual
reviews he makes of his regiments in ilifterent parts
of his dominions, his dildii'ii of fati^ui , and un-
doubted perfonal courage, may probably nndir Sw«-
di,n I'ome years hence, nioie iniportani m 'he (c^ile of
Europe, than (he has been lince Charles's d.ath.

Very

TRAVELS THROUGH VORXVAV.

Very large reviews are intended in Scania, and in
Fi'il.ind ) great military (lores are continually laid
up, and every thing has the appearance of I'orccafll
ind dciign. Unable to reward thole ofKi ers who ad-
hered particularly to him at the revolution, with
pentions or pecuniary emoluments, he has found
tacitns to attach them by ribbons and ftars, which he
dilhibuted without parnmony, and which are equally
Cff°e£tual, without draining an cxhaultcd treafury.
Ne has lilcewife founded a new order of knighthood,
known by the name of Vafa, diTigned f»r men of
merit in every (lation, and which is con(erred, with-
out the Icaft attention to birth or diftin^tion, on every
man who drfcrvcs well of his country. He is nUhe
An all occaAons, more commonly on hurfebnck than
fn a carriage, and has rarely any the parade of royalty.
In his pcrfon he is rather low, and inclined to thin-
nefs. His face is not handfome, and what is fingular,
6ne(*idc of it does not rcfemble the other, his features
being a little diOorted : an accident which probably
happentd in the birth.

*• Tho Swedes univcr'fally lament that he has no
children by the (|uecn ; and it is on this account that
his next brother Prince Charles is now married, in
hopes of an heir to the throne. The king is laid not
to be of anamourous complexion, or attached to wo-
men,"

Notwichllanding the cold climate in which Sweden

ri;:4.

is fituatc, as fomc improvcmenti have !>: ?« Kroiipl'i
to bear, fo likcwife many others might yet bciiiauy .,t
agriculture, as well as in commerce. 1'here are cer-
tainly v.ill (r.iiHi of wafto land cap.ihle of inipr<jve.
ment. l)ut the greatell mifchief is that in many plaits
the l.ind, which was drained of its inhabitants to flip,
ply Charles Vlf, with fuUliers, (Ml remain dilulaie,
to the great diladvantair of the (f.itc.

'I lie copper money iif that prime cnii(ijt«ti:s (lis
chief currency. His (ii.T,iii>us dDJlars now p.ifs Cur
fomewhat mure than half a fj^thiiiL' e.ich. bilvu m
fcarce, and gnld hardly tube feen in loinini/n circula-
tion. Paper money is the only fubdiiute foi ni; dc-
feil J and they have bank note:, pafling in nuiiiy piivj
of Sweden, not excecdinjj one (hilling and t';x-pi.nca
value.

All thrle howfvcr, src dcfcJ^s, which it may not
be impollibic for a wife government to remedy. The
Swedes are a penple not devoid of emul.iliun ; nor is
ll.is emulation con(incd only to military atehicvmentj.
Tlio' there is t\ot a country where the finer arts can
be expeiSted to (jouiirti, as in the moie genial climate
of Italy, yet fiieh as arc neceilary to the wcll-biing
of a (tatc, would thrive with proper ruhivation. It
remains to be fceii whether Gullavus III, and'his fuc-
celTors will render this nation of heroes happy within
themfclvcs, and rcfpcclablc in the eyes of Eu-
rope.

TRAVELS THROUGH N O x\ W A Y.

With a Dcfcriptibn oF the Country, by Erick Pontotpidon, Bifliop of Bergem.

NORWAV Is ntJW an appendage fo the crown
of Denmark; but beingconfidered as a feparate
domain, and its natural hiftory furnifl.ing many ob-

i'etls woitby the attention of the curiotis reader, we
'avc judged it nccclFary to give a particular cltrcrip-
tion of the country, as fcleeted from the belt autho-
rities.

The Norwegians, like the .Swedes, were famous
ef old for their valour j and from thcfe rugged regions
proceeded the Nordmans, (i. e. Nor'.h-Mcn} or
North Met:, who over-ran fo great a part of Eu-
rope. They have had their heroic chiefs and princes,
equally famed for piety and arms, 'of whom they
boaft to thi: day, though now become fubjeiti to a
foreign dominion.

Norway ftretches along a fea cor.ft, to the weft-
varJ of which are innumerable littic idands and rocks,
feme indeed are no lefs than >iine leaguss over, but
the greater part are fo fmall as to be only inhabited
by filhermen or pilots ; fo that Norway is defended
by a rampart which confills perhaps of more than a
million of flone c ^lumns that have their bates at the
bottom of the fea, and their capitals a few fathoms
only above the furfate. Amongd thcfe rocks there
arc good harbours, but they are of diillcult and dan-
gerous acccfs ( particularly to large Ihips without
oars } but to prevent accidents as much as pofliblcy
the government has caufird many hundreds of large
iron rings to be fixed to thefe rocks, as moorings for
ihips, where there is not room for anchoring.

Befldes the ebb of flood in the ica of Norway,
there is a current or eddy called Maleftrom, or Mof-
fcoeftrom. This ftream derives its name from Maf-
koe, an illand lying between the mountain Hcdeggen,
in Ivofoden, and the ifland Ver, which arc about one
league didant, and the ftreaiU' makes its way bttween
7

the ifland and coaft on each fide. Befweeil Lofsden
and Mollcoe it is near 400 fathoms deep ; but between
Ver »n(l Mofkou it is fo fhallow, that not even a
fmall (hip can pafs it.

When it is flood, the ftream runs up the country
between Molkoc and I.nfoden, with prodigious rapi-
dity J and when the tide ebbs, returns to the fea with
more noifc and violence than that of the loiulelt c.i-
taraits. It is heard at the diftance of many league*,
and forms a vortex or whirlpool of great extent anrf
depth, fo violent, that if a ihip comes nc.ir it, it i^
inftantly, and irrefiftably drawn into the whirl, and
difappears, being in a moment carried to the bottom,
where it is dafhed to picres againft the rocks'; aiuljult
at the turn of ebb and flood, when the water becomes
ftill for about a quarter of an hour, it rifcs again in
fcattc-id fragments, fcarccly to be known for the part,*
of a (hip. When agitated by a ftorm, it has re:ichej
ve.lelsat the dil^ance of more than live miles, where
the crews h^ve thought thcmtcives in perfect fecu-
rity.

Even anJmaLs, when they have come too netir the
vortex,- have exprefTed the utmoft terror on finding
the ftream irrefiftable. Whales are frequently car-
ried a way, and the moment they feel (he force of the
water, they ftruggle again(f it with all their mightj
howling and bellowing in a fi'ightftil man;icr. 'I'hc
like happens often to bears, who attempt to fwim to>
thf ifland to prey upon the (hecp.

The large ffcms of (irs and pines, rife a,j^ain fo
(hivercd and fplintered, that the pieces look as if co-
vered with briftles. The whole phenomena aie the
eft'edfs of the violence of the daily ebb and flood, oc-
cafioned by the contraAion of the ftream in its courfc
between the rocks.

In the fummer nights the horrifon, when unclouded.

1759}

tfe/VVELS THROUGH NORWAV.

U fit clrar anil luminous, th.it pcrfon* c:in fi-c to diull
kiiuls 01 work ut miJiiij, In, .is in llic >hiy tiiiio i uliil in
the cxireinily of this ii.iimry |in»ar(i» ihc ill;in«U o(
Kniniiirlc, thefuti i» (DiulMiiiilly u\ view .n ilu' iiiMIl ol
fumincr, mid is obltrvid tocitculjlc <liv ami Mij;lit
round the north pule. On ihcothrr li:inil, in thi- ilipih
of winter the (un i« iiivifibU' lor lima wetk* i .ill tin-
light ptrcnvtJ lit noon, liniig a l.iiiii i;lininurin(;,
ihat conlimif* about an hour .ml ;iii liiK i which, .n
the fun never appclrs ahovi: the hurnliMi, thieHv pio-
i'ccdi from the rill ^mii of the r;iys on the hiL;lKll
mountains, whole luminim are fi''n more clo.iily lh;in
any other ohjedt*. but exclufivi of the moon-lhiiie,
which bv the reflexion from the niount.iin«, ii ixertd-
ingly bright in the v.ill'y, the people receive con-
liderablc refl.'xioii from the Aiinn.i Ijori.ilis, or Nor-
thern Lifihts, which often :ilford> them as much lijht
as is ncceilary for the difpaUh of their common hu-
finefs.

'l"hc winter on the caft of Norw.iy gencr.dly eoiii-
mcnces about the middle of Oct' bir, .111. 1 tontiiiiii'^
till the middle ot April. The waters are miiteihl
to a thick ice, and iIk iiioiint.iins ami v;il!ie5 are co-
vered with liiow J this liuwe.er is of tutli iiii|inii,imi
to the welfare of thecountry, that In a miKI wiiitii ,
tlic peafants who live amonij the nKiuiiiaiii-, .lecoii-
fider^ible fiiftirers ; for without levere ftoft .iiiJ fmm',
they can neither convey the limb r tiny have lelled to
the rivers, nor carry their corn, butter, furs, and
otlr--i commodities, in their llidj;c«, to the ra;irket-
toAiisj for fuch is the power of the froll in ihole
northern regions, that tiic Urjjcd rivets', with ihi.i:
toariiu;c itariids, are arielled 111 tliiir cmiifc, ;iiul tin
very fpittle is no Iboner out of the mouth tliiui it is
inllaiitly conj!;calfd, and rolls along the ground like
hail. Their extenlive foiclh atfbrd tlicni plenty ol
timber for building and for fuel. The furs ;iik1 (kin-
of wild bealts, ind the wool of the i:iei'p, fiiinilh
them with coverings for their b^iis, and wmiiii lining
for their cloaths. They are fup,ilitd with valt quan-
tities of down and feathers, by innumerable flights of
wild fowl. I'he mountains fervc lor fences againft
the north and eaft winds, and they are well flieltereii
by their caverns. While the winter thus ra^es on the
cart fide of Norway, the lakes and bays on the well
iiile are kept open by the warm exhalations of the
ocean, though lying in a direct line with the callern
parts ( and the frofts are feldom known to lad above a
fortnight or three weeks.

In general, the air is pure .iinl healthy, but in par-
ticular in the middle of the country about the moun-
tains, where the inhabitants are almoll flrangers to
ficknefs. There are no phyficians but in the princi-
pal towns, where they have a public lalary ; but even
there they have but a fmall (hare of employment.

All the eaftern coaft of this country is fo fiibjcft to
frequent rains, that the women, when they go abroad,
wear a woollen, or filken black veil over their heads,
Bnd the men defend tliemfelves by a kind of rain hats,
Ibnirthinj in the ftiapc of umbrellas.

There arc in Norway a prodigious number of
mountains, foinc of which are fcattercd about, and
furroundcd by a level country, while others extend in
a long chain from north to feuth. 'Ihis chain is faid
at Icalt to equal the Alps in height, and abounds with
frightful caverns of amaying extent.

" The inhabitants of Inch a mountainous country
(fays our author) may be faid to labour under many
Oiore inconveniences than others : thus arable ground
is here but little better in comparifon w ith the walks
andtlefaits, fo that the people arc obliged to procure
Acre than half their fubfilk-ncc from the li:a : the
• illages are fmall, and the houfes fcattcred amoiij'thc
vallicn ; but in foinc places the peafants houfes (taiul
U> high, and on the edge of llcep precipices, that lad-
ders are fixed to climb up to them ; fo that when a
clergyman is lent for, who is uiipraililed in the road,
he rilques his life in afceiulin;; them, cfpecially in
winter, when the ways are (lippery. In futh places
the bodies of the dead mud be let down with ropes.

Vol. I. No. 47.

or be broii;.;ht on men's b.uks hi fore tliey are laid in
a colKn ) aiid.itloiiK dillamc Ii<>im Bcigeii, ll>e mail
mult iiktAile in winter be drawn uvei the It.epcll:
mount. Mils.

" C.)ne (f the principal inconvcniriiceli, cfp- ci.lly
tolr.1 .elU rs, iiiilii I r 0111 the ro.ids : they cm not with-
out tciii'i, p.i s KVirai plaeo, even in the King'i
ru.id, imr ih' fides of Itei p anil eia^cy mountain'^
on M.iys that .ur either liiored up, 01 liilpuideJ by
iron li'lts, hxe . Ill the nii/unta.ii«, ali.. ih >u^h not
r.buve the breadth of a lout-puth, li.ive no raiU on the
tide.

'« If two ttatellrrt were to meet thtrr in the nii^hr,
and not fe c.ieh other foon enough lo lU/p wl.ere (liu
road will lulfer them to p.iS, it .'ppears to nil, as it
does tootheis wh'jm 1 h.ive cunlulted, that iiry u uft
llop (hort, wiihoui bniip able to pifs each oth.r, or
to hnd a turning foi tin r hitfo, 01 even to .il,jlit.
The only relouice I can iiiia,;int in this 1: llitulty i«,
tliat one mult endiavoiir to cling to fon.e clui ol thit
lleip mouniain, or it hel|) be at liar.,', fob .rawn
i:iriidi'Us jirecipice, in or^er to make room lurthe
utlirr travellir to p.il-.

" Another tvii leliillii;] from il.e moiinr.ins, it
tlic (heller they afi nd in the • caieri' anil c! fis to
ihe wild hearts, wlueh .ndeis it ililii iiI, lotxiirpalo
thein. I,. !■; luit 1 .1 y .0 d leiibe the liavo' k ii:a e hy
the h lives, fo.\i «, Dear^, iiid il|.ic:..lly wclvt', among
tile eaille, ..11. 1 other ul- liil .uiimals,

*' It oitiii hapj. 11- viiai tlieiuws, (hiep, and goati
NlU'i j;iiig to the ;'ea(.:nts lal' down the precipiscs, and
aie dillr iviJ. ,Soiin times iliey m ikc a falfe ftep in'o
a projciition culled Mountain-hammer, where they
can neither jfrend nor deleend j on this ocealion, a
peafant chearlully vcnluies his life for a (Imp or a
goat, and defcendin^j from the top of a mountain by
a rope of fomc hundred fathonjs in length, he (lings
his bidy on a crofs llick, till he can get his foot on
the place where the goat is, when he fallens it to the
rope to be drawn up along with himfelf : but the mod
amazing circumltance is, that he runs this rifque
with the help of only aftngle pcrfon, who holds the end
of the rope, or fadcns it to a (tone if there be one at
hand. There arc indances of the a(riflant himfelf
having been dr.igged down, and facrificing his life
from hdelity to his friend, on which both have peri(h-
cd. On thefe melancholy accidents, when a man or
bead falls fome hundred fathoms down the precipices,
it is obferved, that the air prcdes with fuch force
againd their bodies thus falling, that they are not
onlydeprivcd of life long before they reach the ground,
but their bellies burd, and their entrails gu(h out,
which is plainly the cafe whenever they fall into deep
water.

" A great chaiu,of thefe mountains fervcs as a bar-
rier between Norway and Sweden, and are excellent
natural fortreflcs for the defence of thole dates : be-
lides, theft mountains exhibit the mod delightful
profpeflsj nature has here been mod profufely favour-
able in adding greater beauties to the fituation of cot-
tages and farnj-houles, than can be enjoyed by royal
palaces in other countries, though alTilted with all
the varieties of groves, terraces, canals, and cafcades.
A predeceflbr of mine is faid to have given the name of
the northern Italy to the didrid of Waas, which lies
fomc leagues to the cad of Bergen ; and certainly there
cannot be a more enchanting profpcft. All the build-
inps in it are the church, the parfanage, and a few
farn. houfes, fcattercd on dift'erent eminences. The
feautyof the place is much heightened by two uni-
form mountains, gradually rifing to a vad height,
between which runs a valley near half a league iit
breadth, and a river, wliich in fomc places partici-
pates Itfelf down the rocks in foaming catara^s, and
at others fpreads itfelf into fmal! lakes. On both
fides it is bordered with the (ined meadows, inter-
mingled with little thickets, and by the eafy declivi-
ties of the verdent mountains, covered with fruitful
(ields, and farm-heufcs, ftanding above each other
7 B in

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C'75'>

in afucCffliMi nf liiitnra! t< rraccs. Between thcfc a
llalfly fori If ('nil nl5 itUlf to tlic view, aiiil tuyiiml
th.it, the fiiirmils of the n\oiintain'i f nvf red with pcr-
|ii:tii.il liiow; ail! llill lityiiii'J tliiiiV ten or tvvilvc
flriiinis ititiini; liom the liiow ni(<iinl.iiii«, foini an
igriTahIc ccn.ialf 'ii thiii iTKaniki>; aluii'^ tlic lilni.m-
iiig li'Usoi tlic lull, (ill lliey iulc thiinlclvc!! in the
rivers beniaih.

" Kiotii the m.inv fpriii;;' ifuiincr fri'in the (ncmn-
t:iins, antl llie valt ninllls oi Inotv ;xciiiiiiilatrJ i>ii
their fiin)nii;«, wlicnee, in (iininur tlu v gently
diirnlve, are lonr.til iraiiy ei'ni'uler.'hle riwrs, tlie
largcrt of whiih, is the Cjleaimn, or tili.niinen j hut
none of thctn are Havii;ahle fir uji the coiintrv, the
pallagc hciiij; every where interrupted |iv nieks aiul
cataract'. 1 he hrulges over them arc im wh.ri, that
I rcrn^niher, walk'J, hut nurelv foinud of liinlier
cafes tilled wich Honc^, which liives lor piers, on
which the timbers .'ire laid. I'iie laiijeft bridpe wf
this kind, is a th -iif.iml paces in length, anl has
iorty-thrce Itonc calcs. In ni inv places, where the
nariinvnel's and rapiuity of tlie ctirrent will not admit
of finkinp; lloiie lM:^, thick malU are laid on eatli
lldc on tlie fhorr, wiili the tliickelt end lalltned to
the rocks i one niafV l.cing thus laid in the water,
another is placed iii/ui\ it, ieachin!»a fathom beyond it,
and then a th^rd or fourth, in the like manner to the
inidiilc of the llreani, where it is joined bv other con-
ncclcd malts Irom ihcoppolitc Tide. 'I hiis in paniiitr
over tlu- bridge, el'p'ciallv in the middle, it feems to
fwin;:, which to thole who arcnot uli-d to tlicle bridges
appear (o danjerous, that they alight from their liurks,
till they imas^ine th' inlelves late.

" Whithin the bowels of lomc of the mountains,
arc the molt beautitiil kinds of marble: the moun-
tains alio contain that lurprifiiitT lubllancc calleil the
magnet, <ir load-lloiie, in Inch quantities, that Ibine
tons of It havi; boon exported. 'I'iiey likcwile yield
the amianthus, or i'.lbcllos, of wliich iiicopibutlible
linen or paper have been made."

']"his country formerly produced gold, but the cx-
pence of \/orkinp the mints, and I'eparaling the j;old
from the ore being Cfattr than the profit, they have
been neglec'l.d. J'herc arc however, filvcr mines of
great valuo, which attjrj eniployinent to fevcral thou-
land pcrfons. I'he copper mines are likcwile ex-
tremely rich, niiJ employ vaft iiunibers. Iron is alio
one of the molt prolitable projucts of Norway ; there
arc likevvife fonie lead iniiit^, but nunc of titlur tin
or (]u;cklilver.

The foil produc"s whtat, rve, bailey, white, giey
and green peas ; vetches, uud as proviiuler for hoili-s j
hops, flax, and hemp, many kinds of roots and greens
for the kitchen, with a coiifiderable number of hardv
flowers. Several Ions of plii.nbs attain to i tialcruble
ripenefs, which ran very leidoni be l;iiil of jieaches,
apricots or grapes. However, applos and pears ot
feveral kinds are found all over the country ; but the
greatcft part of thefc aie lumnitr fiuits, which ripen
cirly j for th.; winter fruit leldom comes to any per-
fc£iloii, unlets the luinmrr proves hotter, and the
winter lets in later than ul'ual. But tlio' with rel'pecl
to fruit trees, Norway mult be acknowled;.;ed inferior
to moft countries in Kurope, yet this deticicncy is li-
berally compen fated in the blelliniTS of incxhauftible
torcfts ; fo that in molt pro»inces, imnienfc l'uin» are
received fiom foreigners for malts, beams, planks,
boards, &c. not to mention the home conl'uinpiion
for houfes entirely built of wood, Uups and bridges:
and the amaiing" number of I'oundcries, require an
ininrnre quanntv of charcoal, in the full jn of metals,
bcfides the dc iKind for luel and other donieflic ul'ci i
to which mutt be added, thit in many places the
woods are felled only to clear the ground and be
burnt, the alhcs iVrving for manure.

The Norwegian horl'js, are better for riding
than drawiii'.', their w..lk is eafy, th-y are full of
Ipirit, and a're vuv fu re footed. When they mount
or delcend a lleep ciilf on ftones like (teps, they firit
ftad iicntly with one fjot, to try if the lioiie they

touch be fart, niul in this they murt be I'-lt U> them •
(elves, (r the bill rider will run the rilqiic of hii
III ck, but whi 11 they are to go down a very Itcrp anil
flip|n-ry place, ihfy, in .t lurprilinij manner • draw
their hind legs together under tliim, and Aide dov\r.
I'licy (liew a gnat deal of coura;'e in tivriiting with
wolves or lic.irs, wIihIi ihey arc olien obliged to do,
lor when the horfe perceives one of them near hiili,
;oid has a mare <;r [H Uliiig with hini, he places them
beliiiid him, attacks his anlaronilt by Itiiking at him
v.ishhii fore-legs, and iifually ronies rft coiKiufrcri
rt he t'l.ns about to kick with his hind legs, he is
iiiiiuilj f.ir the bear who has double his ltreng(b,
iiiltaiitly leaps on his back, while the poor horfe
:• Hops, on, untill he dn-ps down through Inls of
liloi.J. The Norway cows Hie generally of a yellov/
colour, (as are alio their hortisj they aic (nail, lut
their tklh is tine graintd, juicv, anJ well larted, T he
il.eep hcie.Tie liiiall, and refemble tliofe of Denmark.
Ciic go.Us in ni.iiiy places run wild in winter and
liimiiier in the fitlds, till they arc ten or twelve yean
o'll ; and when the pcafant who owns them piopofe*
u> catch them, he mult do it by lomc inare, or (hoot
iliem. Ihey are lo bold, th.it if a wolf approaches
ihem, they ll.iy to receive him, and if they have dogs
'viih them, they will relitt a whole herd. 'Ihey fre-
quently attack the fnakes, and when they arc bit by
th<ni, not only kill their antagonills but eat th.m,
aliei which, they arc never known to die of the bite,
though tiny are ill for feveral days. 'I"hc owner
warms ihcirown milk, and wafhes tlie fore with it.

There is a flat and naked field, near Rotiad, on
which no vegetables will grow, the foil is almofl
.vliite, uitligrcy Uripes, and has fomewhat of fo pe-
culiarly poiloiKius a nature, that though nil other
aninids may litfL-lv pal- over it, a goat or kid nofuoncr
lets his feet upon it, than it drops down, Itretchcs
out its legs, its tongue hangs out of its mouth, and
it expires, if it has not indant help. There are few
hogs in Norway, and not maiiv of the common deer,
but th6 hares, which in the cold f;afon change from
biown to grey or I'now white, are very cheap in win-
ter. Here are alio in fomc parts of this country,
elks, but they arc not numerous. The rein-deer,
however run v/ilJ in herds, and are fliot for food by
the inhabitants. Thele animals contlitute the grcateft,
and almoft the only riches of the Laplanders, who live
upon the milk, the cheel'c they make of it, and on the
llelli. I hey make their clo.'ithii.g, tents, and bed
coveiing ot their (J;ins, and of their tendons they
make their fewing thrrad. 'J'hetc arc vart numbers
of them in I'inland, bcth wild and tame, and many a
man has thirc from fix or eight hundred to a thoufand,
of tiiel'e ul'eful creatures, which never come under
cover. They follow him wherever he is pleafed to
raii.blc, and when they arc put to a fledge, tranfport
his goods from one place to another. They provide
lor thcnilelves, and live chiefly on mofs, and on the
buds and leaves of trees. They fupport ihenifelvc^
on very little iiourilhnient, and are neat, dean, and
enteitaining creatures. It is remarkable, that when
tlie rein-deer fheds his horns, and others rife in their
iliad, they appear at firlt covered with a ikin ; and
till they arc of a lingers length, are to loft, that they
may be cut with a knife like a fafauge, and arc deli-
cate eating, even raw; therefore the huiitlinen, when
far out in the country, and pinched lor want of food,
eat them, and find that they fatisfy both their hunger
and thirft. \Vhcn the horns grow bigger, there
breeds within the fkin a worm that cats away ths root.
The rein-deer has over his eye-lids a kino of fkin,
through which he peeps, when otherwife, inthrharii
lliows, he would be obliged to (hut his eyes entirely.
The ravenous beafts are the b;ars and wolves al-
ready mentioned, the lynx, vaft numbers of whif,
red, and black foxes ; and the glutton, a creature,
which few otlur countries know, hut by report.
This animal receives its name from its vor icious ap-
petite i it in fize and Ihape has fomc rcfemblance of a
long bodied do|{, wi'h thick legs, fl),-.rp claws and

t7S0

T ft A V E L S THROUGH NORWAY.

iSt

trithi 'he colour is bijck, variagatcd with lirown
aiiJ ,'t!i <w Itrcaks. }le has the boldnrrs tu attack
cvcr^ '....lit he can poflibly conquer, and il he finds a
cnrcal'e Ax times is big us himlelt, he duel nut leave
oil eating, .is I nj; as ihcre is a mouthful left. When
ihiis norged, he prelfcs and fi;iKe7.es hiiiifilf between
Ik'.u lu'c.i, and tlius empties liiiaiclf of v^h;t lie h.is
iKit llinc to dii^ed. As his (kin (bines liki' danialk,
and IS (.ovetcil with folt hair, it is verv precijus •,
it Is liuiifote well «orth llir himllinjii's whw- lo kill
liMu without wounding the fkin, wliu h is done uuh
lliodtini; liim with a b.jw .;nd lilunt arrow?.

I'lie martin is iiir>> liun!4d an ai'CKunt cf its fkin,
as is likevxile the I'ljuirrel :tiiJ tlie uiniiif, both uf
uhicli ate therelort.' Ihot with blunt aiiows. It is
douuicd whetlier the ermine be ditleiciit Iruni the
D.iiiilh weafel ; irs valuable Ikin is of a beautilul
white, and it has a bl.uk fpot on llic tail. T'hc
enniiies run altir luicc like cats, and drag away what
they catch, particularly t;;^*, wlii^h aic their nitelt
delicacy. Here aie alio >.jltors, b.;duers, ottet), and
hcdo-hogs.

Among the mice, fonv! are thought poifonous, and
othirs are remarkable tor being wbuc, and liaviir^
redeyes. Hut the moll pernicious verniine is a little
animal, called the lii:mus, or kinmiii.'. whii h is near
theli'/.eol'a rat; the (ail is Ihort and luiind up at the
end, and the legsare alio folhoit tli.it thiy (caice keep
the belly from the giounJ. Ihey have very fli"rt
hair, and are ot diticuiit colour*, parti, iilarly bl.ick,
vith yellow and brown llie.iks, and (oii.e in fpots.
The biftiop all'uics us th.it, about onee or twice in
every twenty years, tluy all'cmble from their fecrct
abodes, in projii^ioui numbeis, like the nullL-npers of
heaven to punilh the neighbouring inhabitants. They
proceed from Koltn's roik, which diviibs the Nord-
land manor troin Sv/edeii, and is held to be their
.peculiar and native place j inarchin;j; in valt multi-
tudes through Nordland and riiimark to the wellern
ocean j and other bodies throui;h Swedilh I^apmark,
to the Sinus, Uothnicus-, devourini; all the grafs and
vegetables in their way. They do this in a dired
line, and goin^ ftraight forwards proceed into the
rivers ef the fea : thus, if they meet with a boat on
any frelh water river, they lun in at one end or fide,
and out again at the other, in order to keep their
courfe. They carry their \oung v.'itli them on their
backs, or in their mouths; and if they neet with
peafants who co.nic to oppofe thim, they will itand
undaunted, and bark M them like dogs. This evil
is, however, of no Icing duration ; for on enterinj;
the fea, they I'wim as lung ;is they are able, and tiieii
arc drovvned : if they are flopped in tliiir courle, fo
that they cannot reach the fea, they are killed by the
Jroltsof winter; and if they efcapc, moft of thein
die as foon as they cat the new gral's.

As to the reptiles, there are neither land-fnakes nor
toads beyond the temperate zone ; and even thole
fnakes on the cxtremitie, of the temperate climate, are
Uls pnifunous than in more foiithrrn countriis.
Lizards arc here of various colours, as biown, green,
and Itriped. I'hofe that are green are found in the
fields, and the others in the cracks and holes cf
rocks.

Among the fowls arc moft of tliofe ('.en in the reft
of Europe, and (iimc of them peiuliar to this country ;
of thofe that are in a mannei peciili ir tu I'lis couiitrv
is the franculin, an cxeelUnt f'l.d bird, which
fcrves the Norwegians inllead of the pheafant, its
fi: (h being white, firm, ami of a delicious taile.
'Ihe black-cap is almoft as fmall as the wren ; the
body is black and yellow, it is white under the beily,
and the top of th.; head is black. Tlielc birds keep
i|car tlie houl'es, nir.l are (iich lovers of meat, that the
farmers can hardly keep them from it, and therefore
catch them like mice in a trap.

Nurwaiy is alio fup|)!iiil as plentifully with fifti
as any country in the world.

The biihup in his hiftory bcfiJes the animals before
nteiitioned|. tells us of fgmc oUicrs of dubious cx-

iftencc, fuch arc the mrr-man and mer-maid. ffe
alfo defcribes a creature calKct the fea-fnake, who:i:
dimcnfions are fuch a:, fhock cicdibility. 13ut the
mon(k'r whofe fize is the moft Liiormous that we be-
lieve was ever heard or re.id of, is the kraken, a filh,
in (hapc like the ftella muriii i, whof- circumference,
he lays, is above an tnglilli mile :ini\ .t half, and
which lie fays, is often millakm by maiiiiers lor ..n
idand ; but fctting afide many other improbable eir-
cumltinces, th's animal mull encrojcli too much
upon the general proportion of natiitc to have place
III a glo! e where all is calculated for a fymmetry of
parts; we fiiall therefore ; with all fubniiflion to the
reverend author, conclude that he was deceived in
his judgment, and that all accounts he has rtt^ivcJ
of the kraken, art a heap of abfurdities.

" The iiiliabitaiits of the mountains, in Norway
(fays our autho.') do the woik of horfes, for nine
luceeflive hours, fingiim all the time; and throw
themfelves every half hour on the fiiou, thcu^h in a
proful'e fweat, fucking it to (lake their third, without
the lead appreheiihon o( a cold or fever.

" All the peafants are in general, handy and inge-
nious, h.iviag no traJefmen anjong them, nor buying
any thing made up in the towns; as the farmers fay
nobody can ever make a good nan without being his
own taylor, (hue-maker, weaver, fniith, carpentir,
&c. tlu)ii';h without ileiogating fiom their ingmuity,
it is molt probable, that mceflity, is in a great
meal'ure, the parent of it ; as the produce of their
foil would be unequal to the employment of fuch n
number of tradefn-.en. They fc. ni however, to excel
in carving with their toll knife, (a broad fliort one)
fmie of the gi(.atr(t artificial cuiiolities in the royal
mufeiim, coiihfting of their carving in wood."

Though the bifliop celebrates his countrymen for
their ability and politenefs, the peafants arc very fe-
rocious, fome of whom has been known to buckle
themlelves together by their belts, and fight with
their (hort knives, till one of them have bi.cn mor-
tally wounded ; fo that, till the middle of the laft
century, our author fays it was cuftomary, when the
family has been invited to a wedding, for the wife to
take her hufband's (hruud with her.

Except at weddings and other entertainments, the
farmers do not ufc rye in their bread, oats being their
general corn ; and when grain is fcarce they mix a
little oatmeal with a greater quantity of the bark of
the fir powder, which nvkes a bread that is Id's
nutrivc and bitterifh ; but which however, they ac-
cuftom themfelves to in plentiful feafons, to be pre-
pared againft a time of fcarcity. Indeed, in 1743,
and 1744, they improved their bread by fubftituting
elm bark, which was better tafted.

In parts where there were great (ilheries, they at-
tempted to mix cod-roes with oatmeal ; but this gave
fome the bloody flux. It feems odd that they chufe
to let their filh four before they fait it. They make
a ftoclc of ftrong ale againft Chriftmas, and chriften-
ings, &c. but at other times regale on mungat, a
very bad fmall beer, milk and water, or water and
four wcy. They are great lovers of tobacco, expend-
ing annually fcvcral thoufand dollars in it, which
makes our author, as a patriot, wift) for Its perfect:
produiition there ; fnufF they properly enough call
na-femeel.

Their houfes are commonly built of whole trunks
uf pine and fir trees, chopped fo as to make them lie
clofe, and joined by mortifes. They are covered
firft with biroh-bark, and over that three or four
inches thick wiih turf, wherein fervlcc trees and good
grafs grows, whence many a farmer mows a pretty
load of hay from the top of his houfe. They are
often let to three, four, or five families; and have a
ftaubarct for all their proviflons at a diftance, for
fear of fire. Even the rich farmers have feldom any
windows, but a Iky-ligh;, called liur, at the top of
the houfe, over which, they place the midriff of
fome animal, in a frame, to keep out the rain. The
membrane is itrong and tranfparent as a bladder ; it i»

Miltd

51*

TRAVELS THkOUGH NORWAY.

r<7s4

called Siaa, and lifted on or off with a pole, which
pole, every pctCun ruining on important bulincCs,
and cfpcciaily on cnuitfliip, mull touch liefore they
utter u word. I'hc fmoak pdlll-s through the liur i and
kingt, till the i ith century, lived in (uch houfei.

The mailer of the houfe always fits at the upper
end of the table on the hoy-fajdet, (hiyli-feat) where
he has .1 little cu))hoaril to lock up his valuable things.
They burn the roots of thofe fir-trees thai have lieen
cut down fcvcr.il years for tar. As a great part of
their livelihood is obtained from the water, many
fpend half their time on that element, and die in it i
and though their bodies are feldom fwuiid, tliey have;
a funeral ceremony and fcrmon ealled Uravfxflctfe.
Aniiniller at Karfund affirmed, that during his refi-
dcnce there, which had been fifty years, there h.id not
died above ten grown men on (horc ; and at Chi illiaii-
fand, they fay that moft of the women have had live
or fix hulbands.

The lakes and rivers furnilh the inhabitants with
plenty of frefli-water fifh, and the mountains I'upply
them with game. Tor their winter ftocic they kill
cows, (hcep, and goats, part of which they pickle
and fmokc, and Tome of it they cut in thin fliccs,
fprinkle it with fait, and then dry it in the wind, and
cat it like hung-beef. They are fond of brandy, and
of chewing and I'nioaking tobacco.

The Norwegi:ins who live in towns have nothing
fingul.irin their drcfs , but the peaCtnts do not trouble
theml'elves about fafhion : thofe Called Slilc Farmers,
have their breeches and (lockings in one piece : they
have a wide, loofe jacket, made of coarfe woollen
cloth, as are likewil'e their waill-coatsj but thofe
who would appear fine, liave the fvams covered with a
different colour. Ti.i- pcafants of one pari/h aic re-
markable for wearing bhick ilo.iths, edged witli
red} another for wcanne; all liljck ; the urefs of a
third paiilh is while edged with bl.uk j others wear
black and yellow, and thus the iiilubitants of almoll
every parifli vary in the colour of their cloatlis.
They wei^r a flapp'd hnt, or a little brown, grey, m
black cap, made quite round, and the Teams adunud
with black ribbons. They have fhoes of a peculiar
tonftruction, without heeh, confilting of two pieces,
the upper-leather fii^ elofe to the foot, to which the
folc is joined by a great many pb.its and folds. When
they travel, and likewife in the winter, they wear a
fort of half-boc/ts, which reach up to the calf of the
leg, and are laced on one fide ; and when they go on
the rocks in the fnow, they put on fnow ftioes ; but as
thefe are ttoublefome when they go a gi eat w.w to travel,
they put on (kates as broad aj the foot, but fix or eight
feet long, and pointtd before ; they are covered with
feal-flcin, fo that the fmooth grain of the hair turns
backward to the heel. Wi(h thefe fnow- (katci they
Hide about on the liiow, as well as they can upon the
ice, and failcr than any horfe can go.

The peafants never wear a neck■c^oth, nor any
thing of that kind, except when he is ureflirdi for
hisrieck and bread arc always open, and he lets the
liiow beat into his bofom. On the contrary, lie- co-
Vfrt his veins, binding a woollen fillet round his
wrift. About their body they wear a broadleathtr
belt, ornamented with convex brafs plates ; to this
hangs a brals chain, which holds their large knife,
gimblet, and other tackle.

The women at church, and in genteel affemblies,
drefs themfelvcs injatkets, laced clofe, and have lea-
ther girdles, with filvei ornaments about, them. They
alfo wear a filver chain three or four times round the
neck, with a gilt medal hanging at the end of it.
Their handkerchiefs and caps, are almofl covered with
fmall filver, brafs, and tin pt.it'.-<, buttons, and large
rings, fuch as they wear on their fingers, to which they
bang again a parcel of fmall ones, which make a
jiagling noife when they move. A maiden bride hat
her hair plaited, and hung as full as polTible with fuch
kind of trinkets, as alfo lier rioaths.

The peafants are budcd in cutting wood, felling
and floating timber, burning of charcoal, and ex-

tra^ing of tar. Great numbers ai% employed in the
mines, and at the lurnacet and (lamping mills, and
alfo in navigation and (ifhing, bclidcs hunting and
(liootingi for everybody it at liberty to purlue the
game, cfprcially in the mountains, and on the heaths
and commons, where every pcafant may make ufeoi'
what arms he pleafes. Suinv of the inhabitants procure
a good maintenance by catching of birdi | but it it
impolfible to give a ju(l idea of the fatigue and danger
with which they fuarch for birdi in the high and (tcep
rocks, many of which are 200 fathoms perpendicular.
Thefe people who are called Bird-men, have two me-
thods of catching them ; they cither climb up ihefc
perpendicular rocks, or .-ire let down from the top hy
a (trong, thick rope j when they climb up, they have
a large pole of 11 or laelU in len;;th, with an iron
huok at the end ; they who are underneath in a boar,
or (land on a clilF, fallen this hook to the waidband
of the man's breeches who climbs, by which meant
they help him up to the highcd projetiion he can
reach, and fix his feet upon i they then help up ano-
thcr..to the fame place, and when they are both up,
give them their bird-poles, and a long rope, whicu
they tie at each end round their waids. This dune,
one climbs up as In ^h us he can, and whcie it is diffi.
cult, the other, by putting his pole under his breach,
pufhes him up till he g> ts a good (landing place : the
uppermod of the two then helps the other up to him
wiih the rope; and thus they proceed till they get to
the part where the birds build, and there they Irarch
for them. As they have many dangerous places yet to
climb, one always leeks a convenient place to lland
furr, and be able to hold himlelf fall, while the other
IS climbing about. If the latter (llould ha|>pen to
Ilip, he is held up by tlie other who dnnds firm, and
when he has got fafe by thofe dangerous places, he
fixes himfelf in the fame manner, that he may aflift
the other to come fafe to him 1 and then they clamber
about after birds where they pleafe ; but accidents
fometinies happen ; for if one does not ftand (irm, or
is net llroiig enough to lupport the other when he (lips,
they both fail and are killed, and thus fonie perifh every
year.

When they thus reach the places that are feldom
vifited, they find the birds fo tame that they can take
them with their hands ; lor they arc loth to leave their
young; but where they are wild, they cither throw
a net over them in the rock, or entangle thofe thai are
flying, with a net fixed at the end of their poles.
I hus they catch vafl numbers of fc wis, and the boat
keeping underneath them, they ihiuwthe dead birdt
into it, and foon fill the veffel.

When the weather is tolerably good, and there is a
deal of game, the bird-men will continue eight days
together on the rocks ; for there are here and there
holes in which they can fecurely take their repofe ;
they draw up provifions with lines, and boats are
kept coming and going to take away the game.

On the other hand, many rocks being fo deep and
dangerous, that they cannot poflibly climb up them,
they are then letdown from above; when they have a
(Irong rope eighty or one hundred fathoms long. One
end of it the bird-man fadens round his waid, and
drawing it between his legs, fo that he can fit on it,
he is let down with his bird-pole in his hand, by fix
men at the top, who let the ro|)e fink by degrees }
but lay a piece of timber on the edge of the rock for
it to (lide on, to prevent its being torn to pieces by the
(harp edges of the dunes. Another line is fadened
round tne.;nan's waid, which he pullt to give Agni
when he would have them pull him up, let him lower,
or keep him where he is. He it in danger of the
dones loofening by the rope, and falling upon him,
he therefore weart a thick furred cap, well lined^
which fecures him from the blows he may receive
from fmall donet j but if large one* fall, be it in the
greated hazard of lofiiig hit life.

Thus do thefe poor men often cxpofe themfelves
to the mod imminent danger, merely to get a (ub-
fidcncc for their families. There uc fome indeed who

«754-I

tRAVELS THROUGH NORVVAY.

fay there is nr great hazard in it, after they are atcuf-
loined tn it ; but at l\rt\ the rope turns ruuiitl with
them, till their heads arc giddy, and tlicy cm do no-
thing to fave thcmfclvcs. ThDli: who have learnt ihc
■rtniakea play of it; tlicy put their feet againll the
rock, throw thcmftlvcs I'cveral fathomiout, and pulh
into u hat place thiy pleafc. They even keep tlicm-
felves outon a line in the air, ami c.ilch with their
poles numhtrs of hirds, flyinj; outof, and into their
holes. The greatcll irt is required in throwing thcin-
fvlvesout, Co as to fwing umler the projection of a
rock where the birds gather together j here they tix
their feet, loofen tlicinfi.lvcs from the rope, which they
fallen to a ftone, to prevcrtt its fwinging out of thiir
reach, and tlicn the man climbs about and catchcb the
fcirds, cither witli his hands or his pole ; and when he
has killed as nunv as he thinks proper, he tics them
together, faftcns them to a fniall line, and by a pull
gives a fignal for thofe above to draw them up. In
this manner he works all oay, .md when he wants to

fo up, he gives a fignal to be drawn up, or cllc works
inifrif up with his belt full of birds.

Wiii-ii there are not people enough to hold the rope,
thebirdman fixes a poll in the ground, hitcns his
rope to it, and (lidesdown without any help to work
as before. In fonie places there arc Ittep clifJ's of a
prodigious fize, lying under the land, and yet more
than 100 fathoms above the water, which are very
difficult to be got at. Tlioy help one another down
thc(i; elilFs in the manner abovementioncd, and taking
a llr.dii; lope with them, failcn it here and there in
theclitt', ivhcre they can, and leave it all the fummer :
upua this they will run up and down, and take the
birds at ple.ifure.

It '» iinp.iflible to defcribe how frightful and Sm-
^erous tins liird-catching appears to the beholders,
Ironi the va'.t lieiyht and exccflive (leepncfs of the
rocks, many of uliich hang over the fca : it ficms
inipoflible for men to enter the holes under thcfe pro-
jections, or to walk 200 yards high on crags of rocks
where they can but jiilt hx their toes. \Vhen they
have brought home their bird,, they eat foine of them
fn Ih, an«l tome are hung to dry for the winter fealon.
'I'hele buds afford the inhabitants a very good main-
tenance, partly from their flelh and eggs, and partly
from their feathres and down, which ar: gathered and
fent to foreign parts.

We fliall htre fubjoin the account given of the
country, by a French gentleman who embarked at
Copenh.igen on board a northern fleet, bound on a
voyage of difcovery, which landed him lafe upon the
coail of Norway.

" The pcafants of Norway (fays he) who are (laves
to the nobility, are moll of them fi (he rmen, and re-
markable for their fimpllcity and hol'pitality. The
women, who are very handfomc, though red haired,
are fond of ftrangers j they look after the cattle, of
which there is a great plenty ; they are likewife excel-
lent hoiilew ivcs, and in general make their own family
cloth.

" As we were on our way towards Chriftiana, we
met one of the neighbouring gentlemen, followed hv
two fcrvants, and a pack of dogs, going upon an elk
chacc. The gentleman knowing the man that was
with me, invited us to partake of his div^ifion. Af-
ter riding with him about a mile, we met his huntf-
inan, together with more of his fervants, and ten or
twelve )>eal'ants, who led us three miles farther to a
wood full of budics, at the entrance" of which we
difinountcd, and gave ourliorfcs to one of his domef-
tics.

" Preparations had been made for thechace theday
before by the gentleman's v.ijlals; in confequcncc of
which we had fearce gone 40 yards before wc perceived
an elk, who h.id not advanced far when he dropped
down dead, being feized, as they told me, with the
falling. ficknefs, from whence they derive the name of
Elk, which fignitics a miferabic creature ; and it feems
they often fall in this manner at the beginning of the
chace. Hid not this accident happened, I believe we
Vol. I. No. 47.

(hould hav« found it hard to have run him down i for
wc were above t^o hours in purt'uit of the next, which
I do not believe wc (hould have ever catchcd, had he
not alfb dropped down dead i however, he killed two
>f the btft dogs with his fore feet, and the gentleman
peii:/, extremely lorry tor their l«fs, would hunt no
more 1 but fent lor a cart to c.^.rry the game, and in-
filled on our going with him to his c;iiUc, where he
treated us in j pleiuitul and agie able manner.

" The elk is as bij: as a Urge huife, and hit body
..ke that of a flj;j, h u Icnjer an I lat"Lr j his leps arc
alfo lung, his I'- •■I lnoi.-l : iiil elovi 11, Tiisanilers l.irge,
hairy, and bro.id 1 keafaliow deer's, but hu is not fa
well furnini';d with herns as a Hag.

" At niy depaitiir. iT'vhuK I'li'le irv-a pnfcnt of the
two left (hanksof the elk', alluring in ■ that they weie
an excellent lUie fur the talling-(u k.),i.i5 j to vvliieh I
replied by my inicr)'ietci, th..t 1 wondered, fincc th«
leg of the ells had Inch virtue in it, why the animal
did not cure hinif.ll. The gHnilinian rcfleiting on
what I faid, laughed aloud, and told me I waa in the
right, fur he h id given it to (everal perfons afflidled
'viih the fame difcafe, but it had r.rver produced a
cure J upon which he had longfufpei-led that the pre-
tended virtue of the leg or foot of Uiis animal was a
vulgar miflake. He then gave me many inftances of
the ill effects produced on human bodies bv eating tht
flefh of elks.

" The gentleman having obliqed in to fpcnd th«
night at his caltle, we took our leave of him the next
morning, after breakfaft, and returned to Chrif-
tiana, where we (laid four or five days, and then failed
for Uerghen ; but being becalmed in our paflagc for
five days, we employed ourfctvcs in catching fi(n, and
took fo large a quantity, that wc lived chiefly on that
food for a long time afterwards,

" Berghcn, the capital of the province of the fame
n.ime in Norway, has one of the (insfl ports in £u-
rope. It is a large trading town, full of merchants,
and w.ts formerly an archbiflioprick ; but it has not
been acknowledged as Aith (ince the refoimation,
which prevails here as well as in the king of Den-
mark's other dominions. The archbilhop's palace wat
given to the Hans towns for the refidence of their an»
cient merchants, fo long as they continue (ingle ; but
if they marry, they arc obliged to remove. The
merchants are called monks, though they do not wear
a cowl, orobferve the rules of any order ; and the
warehoufes bear the name of thi Cioiflers. Th*
chief branch of trade carried on at Berghcn is in her-
ring, cod, and ftock-fi(h i for which there is a great
demand in Mufcovy, Poland, Sweden, Denmark,
Germany, and other parts of Europe.

" When we had difcharged the cargo we had to
deliver at Berghcn, wc fet fail for Dronthcim, half
our lading confiding chiefly of bread and beer, be-
ing configned to the furveyor of the copper and fil-
ver mines, for the ufe of the miners, and other work-
men ; but being again becalmed for feveral days, we
caught a vad quantity of klip-(i(h, a great part of
which we falted and barrelled. They are a fpecies of
cod, and obtain the name of klip-(i(1i, from theirne-
ver leaving the rocks, klippe, in the German tongue,
(ignifying a rock.

«» When wc arrived at Drontheim, we applied to
the furveyor to unlade our (hips as fad as po(rible,
that we might proceed on our voyage ; but he told us
he could not begin, till the officer, who was to re-
ceive the provifions, came back from the mines, and
oft'ered to fend a mcflenger on horfcback for him,
whom I tjbtained pcrmiflion to accompany. Early
the next morning, the furveyor's man and I begun
our journey ; but the roads were fo rugged, that we
could not reach only eighteen miles front Drontheim;
for the night came on, and we had a long wood topafs
through, io which were lynxes, boars, and wolves,
in great numbers, that rendered it dangerous to travel
in the dark.

" We came to our journey'i end the next night,

and lodged at the for^ti, where, icrording to the

7 C cudon

S54

l-RAVELS THROUGH LAPLAND.

['7^'

cuftom of the countrvt vie were cntcrfaintil by the
people whohavf thcciirc of the mines, with tobacco,
beer, iiiul brand)' ; and our holl was li> very hofpi-
t:iblp, that there wa* no poflibility of Roinj; to bed (o-
ber. 1 here brrame aKjuaiiited wiili one of the of-
ficer-' of the niinri, who (poke Krcnch, and on my
cxpri fling a ilefire to go dov»n into thrni| he proniiled
to gratify my curiofity.

'• Having breaklailcd with the pcrfon who fpokf
French, and the mailer niinci, they went with me
fifty or (ixty paces from the forges, which are upon
a high mountain, to the mouth of one of the mines,
over which was erecliJ a machine not unlike u crane,
turned by two great wheels, each guiilcil by a man,
by which means the ore is drawn up ; and the mafter
miner and I, being fixed in a wooden buiket, to
which our handi were bound with iron gantlets, were
letdown lifty fathom dee|). Never was there fecn a
more horrid profpcit, nor a truer picture of the infer-
nal regions ; the flames of (ire that blazed every where
•round, the rugged cavcrnj, and the fight of crea-
tures that had a nearer refemblance to the tiends than
to men, all conlpireil to fill the Ibul with terror.
The miners were drell'ed in black leathir loats of I
mail, and mutficrs of the fame faftencd round their I
heads, juft under their eyes, reaching down to their ;
brcafts, they had alfo leathern aprons. 'F'hefc miners |
have ditTercnt employments ; for while Come divide ]
the ore from the mafs, others fearch for new veins of
metal, and others try to difeover caverns (illed wilh
water, which often uncxpeftedly bur(t forth, and
drown thofe in the mines: however, if thel'e arc
found the mifchief is fometimes prevented. The
mafter miner, who dtfcendcd with me, imagined 1
was near being fcized with a cold fit, which is com-
mon in thefe places, rang a bell, which being the
finnal for thole above todiawus up, we (oon afcemled
with the fame cafe with vvhich we had gone down.
Never was frefh air more welcome to me, than after
havin" breathed the unwholcfomc damps of this cavctn.

•• We now went to the houfc of the officer wh»
fpokc French, who entertained ui in a very hofplt.ibVe
manner. Atter dinner, he oidertd horfea to he |>»t
ready tu take us to the filver mines. Having iiitio-
duced me tu the furveyor, wc were each o» us pre-
lented with a large glafs of brandy, and then trcati^
with beer and tobacco ! when we were thus refreflied,
the furveyor condudtcd us to the forges, which were
about a mile from his houfe, and we (oon after reachi^d
the mouth of a mine, down which we went in the
fame manner we had done at the copper mine.

" The miners never work in winter, and in the
fpring and autumn, they only labour three hours
before, and three hours after dinner | but in the
fummer they work four hours in the morning, ami
five in the afternoon. The reft of the time they fpend
in mirth and fealiinf;; they delight much in dancing
and have violins, hautboys, and oilier mulical inftru-
ments, to enliven their Ipirits. This merry lite thry
are well able to fupport, being paid a crown a day all
the year round. 1 had an opportunity of (eeing them
engaged in their paftimes, the fimpliciry of which,
gave me much pleafure. Thefe mines turn to a good
account, and are not the leall part of hit Daiiilli
majcftv's revenue.

" Having feen every thing worth notice at the
mines, we went home with the furveyor, who treated
us with brandy, beer, and tobacco : we afterwardt
partook of a plentiful fupper, and when we had
refredied ourfclvcs, went to bed. In the morning
the mader miner and I having thanked our bo(t tor
his kind entertainment, went back to the copper
mines, where having taken leave of the ojficcr wba
(poke French, wc fct out for Drontheim."

With this relation we fliall dole our dtfcription of
Norway, and proceed to give that of Lapland, a
country where the manners of the inhibitants form*
a (hiking contrail to that of the citilizcd nations of
Europe.

>/. /Wy. ^ /^

TRAVELS THROUGH LAPLAND.

LAPLAND might appear, from its remote fitua-
tion, to be placed at the northern extremity of
the globe j but the difcovrry of Spitfbergen has con-
vinced voyagers and travillers that thev cuuld proceed
yet farther in their approaches towards the north
pole. The author whom wc quoted above, was
bound for both thefe places. He thus continues his
relation.

" As night came on before we hid gone eight
miles on our way, we were obliged to take up our
quarters in the next village, at the houfe of a peafant,
who thinking himfelf greatly honoured by having
fuch gucfts, did all in his power to oblige us. He
iirl( treated us with beer and tobacco, and a kind of
brandy dilliUcd from malt ; and having lately killed a
hare and a couple of pheafants, he drelfed them for our
fupper. When wc had done fupper we again fwal-
lowed large quantities of brandy and beer, and were
inveloped in clouds of tobacco. At length the
maAcr miner was made dead drunk, at which the
peafant cxprcfled the utmoll fatisfadiion, and took
large draughts to put himfelf in the fame condition ;
nor was I much better ; it is the cultom of the coun-
try among all ranks of people, and not to be avoided,
they have no notion of there being any pleafure in
fociety that does not end in drunkcnnefs. When we
bad drank our till, wc betook ourfelves to reft on

clean ftraw which had been fpread on the floor for that
purpofe. As 1 was firft awake in the morning, I
by figns, made the peafant's fon underlland that 1
wanted the horfes to be got ready, being detern'incd
to reach Drontheim that night, if poflible. When
I faw they were faddlcd, I roufcd my companion and
hh holf , a'nd having again eaten and drank more than
in prudence we ought, we took our leave of the
hofpitablc peafant, and before night arrived -M
Drontheim.

" The (hip havini; cleared out, and t.-iken in her
flock o' pn vifions and other necell'aries i in two days
after my return, we fet (ail with u lair wind to purlue
our voyage to the northward. After a few days wc
were becalmed under the ar£lic circle, and fomc of
ou r crew being fo luperftitious as to imagine that the
inhabitants ot the neighbouring cnaft, like thofe of
Finland, could rule the elements, and difpofc of the
winds at their pleafure : our captain lent his boat on
fliore with the mate, to purchafe a wind of them ; and
though I believed nothing of the matter, I had the
curiofity to accompany thofe employed in this ridicu-
lous commiflion.

" We landed at the firft village we faw, and as the
mate could fpeak enough of the language of the
country to make himfelf underftood, he loon found
out the chief Lccromanctr, and aJked if he could

turjiUk

l;6o.]

•TRAVELS Tii ROUGH LAPLAND.

55!

furnifli ut with a wind (hat could Lift till we arrived .it
Maurmanlkcimore ? but the necromancer gravily ic-
plicd, that he could not ; for that hit power cxtcnclid
no farther than the prnmontury of Rouxclla. The
mate confldering, (hat if we reached fo far, we mi^ht
e:ifily make the north cape, dcfired him to eo on board
with us, and bnigain with the captain. The wizard
conlentin;;, took three of his tnmrades with him,
and leaping into a fm.ill fifhing boat, went on board
our fhip, where the captain and he foon agreed, and
he paid ten krunors, which is about thirty-fix (hil-
lings, and a pound of tobacco. When (he bargain
was con'-ludfu and (he money paid, the conjuror
tied a woollen . j, about half a yard long, and a nail
broad, to (he foreniaft. This rag, in which three
knots were tied, was all the captain had for his iiio-
niy i and thr necromancer and his companions imim
diatcly returned on (bore. Not long after he \\^
gone, (he captain agreeable to the inftrudtiuns he had
received, untied the lirll knot in the rag, and foon
afterwards a brifk gale fprung up from the fouth weft,
which drove us thirty leagues beyond Ma'ftrom, a
whirlpool in the Norwegian Sea, that has proved fatal
to many velTcls. For this rcafon thofe pilots that arc
acquainted with thofe coalls, keep ci^ht or ten lea^^ues
out to fea, to avoid (ba( and fcveral other cddic:., as
well as the rocks that lie ofFOflrafsrd.

" The wind now beginning to veer a little to the
northward, the captain untied the fecund knot, on
which the wind (ettled as before, till we reached
Rouxclla. When we had pafl'ed that promontory,
the needle of our compafs turned back half an inch,
from which fome imagined, that there was a loadllunc
in the mountain. However, if we had not had an expe-
rienced pilot, we certainly Ihould have loll ourcourfi;.
He IhiiC up the compafs, and difplaycd a flag on the
top of the forc-inail head, as a fignal for fomc other
(liips (hat weie in company to follow our way. We
were two dnys and nights in (his fituation, having
nothini; to depend upon but the pilot's experience ;
but on the third day, when we were at a coiifidcrable
diltance from the mountains of Rouxella, the needle
again pointed to the north, from whence we concluded
that we drew near the north cape. The wind failing
us about this time, our captain untied the third knot,
and there fprunj up a fmart breeze at north-caft,
which foon incrcafed ro a moll dreadful (empeft. We
we were now obliged to take in all our fails, and drive
before the wind under our bare poles, expei^ting every
minute to go to the bottom ; and dreading left this
fhould be a judgement inflii^ted on us for our infernal
commerce. At length we ftruck upon a rock, when
leaft we expected any ; as foon as we felt (he fhock,
we gavcourfelves up for loft, and every man betook
himfelf to his 'devotions ; but by great good provi-
dence there came a high rolling fea, which carried us
clear over the rock, though not without fome damage
io the velTcl.

" On the 4th, the ftorm ceafed, when we were
tinder great concern at having loft fight of our other
veflcls, which we had great reafon to fear were loft ;
but having a fair nale, we conrinued our courlc, be-
ing refolved (o make the firft port in order to refit.

" With refpeit to the fale of winds for which thcfc
northern people are fo famous, it may be proper to
obferve, that like all other kinds of witchcraft and
neernmancy, it has its foundation in fraud and im-
jiofturc. Thofe who deal in it ftudy the weather with
the utmoft care ; and from conftant obfervation, arc
able to forefce the variation of the winds for feveral
days to come, and (hey take care to ftart fo many dif-
ficulties in making their bargains, that they are fure
never tocome to a conclufion, till they perceive the
fign of the approach of the wind that is wanted ;
and when our fuppofed conjurer affirmed that his
power reached no farther than Rouxclla, it ought to
be undcrftood that he knew well, by experience, that
cape to be the limit of his obfervations, and (hat he
(hould rifque his credit, if he prefumcd to exceed his
bounds. This account we have received from fome

intelligent pcrfons who livid fome time in Icchiuii
wht re rhcv are f.mmiv lot iliis kind of trnllic, iiiul ilil-
pofv of vvindi with lif. H.nilation than tllewherc, be-
ciuT.- Ilvin;; upon an ill.Miil, iluy ar? ■ 'j: j

jiul;;e of the vatiatiim ol ilie viii.U in all the li.is
round aliout thrni. This kind nl idKiulc'ie is roll-
fined (o .1 very fiw p>-ii|)li-, WHO pr^t.i.il !o i.piiir of
thewiiul .\' (liLir oi n pr mk r men li.iiiJil'-, when by
(hey keep their ncijjhl)..iir- m !iibjii:l un, ;ind put fo-
reigners under tribute i nor an ihvl' Ulu •■ f ^U"
lous no(ions (o be woiulered ai in a couiitrv v. lure re-
ligion is at a very low > Mi, .ind I'.-.ii liio;; his nuv.'. hut
a Imall advance towards the iinpiovciiiLiit ut the
mind,

" The coafts of the fea all over the north, are fo
full of rocks, that the poit? and creeks are aliiioll iii-
acceflible, and wc wcie i)!ili:.C(l to fail (no d.iys
longer before we could innk" a |)ii.|i- 1 port; hoHcurj
we at length reached the cull ol XVaid'tuN', llie
chief (own of l),iiii(h I,.ipl.ind, \> hue 'here iv:igir-
rilbn ot two conip.inic of loldiei'. Ii. li)n;;iiig ti. liic
king of Ucnmark, and a wdlcctor O' t!ic-.!u;i' . uii-
poled oil forcigneis, trading to or ficu A.cll-
angel.

" The colledlor jud;;ing us to be D.iv > ly our
colours, and our filuting tiie caltl;-, iiift'ii i| 'j> 'd
fail on to V;'raii?'er, witliuiir fen, hiii'; m. T.i, coun-
try all abou' f inud eery wild, nnd no peil. 11 on ho J
h.id the k.ill knowledge oi it; llic caj iiin, inpa-
tient to find a place wh-re we nii^ht rif.i, : n i dc-
lirous of obt.iiiiin ; fonu inlVirmatioii rel.au'c in;i.,dc,
ordered out the huiij-boat, and t.ik m; ;\\.h 'lini ii.;ht
men well .nin-d, row.d tu.<.iid- (he town, v.liei •■ ne
arrived in aiiout li.,lf an h uir, He found I'l jMirt
very convenient, and the pl.ic- popiiloii-, bii." <■• lit-
tle frequented, that the inliuhitanis lii mcd ,,ni zedat
feeing him, but readily oftered to afTill in r fitting
the fhip, though they gave him iniall encouragement
rifpciJling trade.

" On the next day we entered the port, and un-
laded our cargo, which confided of bales of cloth nnd
rolls of tobacco, with whii h w: defigiud to ha'.c
(radcd. Thefe goods were lockci! up in .1 wirchiniU
near the (horc, and a watch let togunrd them. Ttj
fomc of the principal inhabitants we prcrmled fmall
quantities ot tobacco, which being more welcome to
them than gold, it fecured their filendftiip, and in re-
turn they entcr(ained us with fi(h that (cries them in-
ftcad of brcnd ; the flelh of rein-deer, which I did
not think ve p'.diitable, together «ith fonic bear's
fltftl, and that of other wild beads, of which wc h.iJ
no knowledge 1 they alfo treated us with fiefli lifh,
boiled withou(fal(, and ferved up cither with the oil
of other fifti, or a four liquor that is higlily efticnud
by them. Their dainties not fuiting our taite, we
fent for provifions from the fhip, the chief of which
was falt-becf and bifcuits, over which, and a can of
liquor, we made ourfelvcs very merry j but when we
offered fome of our food to (he f.aplanders wc found
(hat it was as difagrecable to them as theirs was to us.
The four liquor which I have mentioned, is made by
throwing into water a qii intiiy of juniper berries, and
agraJnIike Icntiles, which is vety common in Lap-
land They accepted and drank freely of our beer
and brandy, though they preferred their common li-
quor to cither."

'I'he religion cftabliflied in Lapland is Lutheranifm^
but mofl of the natives arc inclined to their ancient
heathenifm ; and fo fiiperflitious, that if in the mr.rn-
ing they meet a heart in their way whofe nppearancc is
efteemed ominous, they return home and neglect all
buflnefs for that day ; and when they go a fiftiing, if
they take but one filh at the fiift draught, they think
it an ill omen, and leave work for that time.

Both the men and women are low in flature, but
ftrong and ailtivc : their faces ate broad, and their
nofes flat. Their eyes are fmall like a hog's, and their
eye-lids make them look as if they were blear-eyed.
Their complexion in general is Iwarthy, and they are
of a rude, uncivilized, and hfcivious difpoiition )

cfpeciallf

5S6

TRAVELS THROUGH LAPLAND.

[.760

rfpecliillv the Momrti, who rridily proflituie tlum-
frlvi'i (o .1II (unins, pro\ idcil ihcy can tlu 11 vsiih-
oiit their hufbaiiil's kiinwlrtlge.

'I'hc nun'> cu.\ii, which ri-.irh hut a little below
their hip«, .1IL- nuile ul the flciii i>l' rriii-dreri With
the hair turnol uiitward<, as ,irc likruifc their hats,
iloclciiig* and hrceches. Their hat«, or rathci
their honiiet>, arc cJ^ril with a Ihip ol cither
jrrcy or white li.x- (kill. The women wear <in their
hcaiU a coit°, not iihlike thulV wniii in Norway, made
i>t ciijrle i'.inva', :iii>l their hjir i> twilled up in two
ri>II<, whieli h.iii^ >! iwn, (iiiconeacli Ihouldcr. Some
of them wcir a kinl uf rud", ol' the bttadth ul' eight
fingtrs, whiih tliey tic behind. Their clo.iths aiul
llockings arc eilliLf eo.irl'e cloth, or rein-ilcci'» (Vin,
V.'itl^hc h.iir turned outward ; and their ftttJCi arc ol
fiflpHIWl with the iVat'-s on, and I'oniewhat rcl'em-
blini; the wtrodeii fhucs worn hy the peat'anis in
l'"r.ince.

Thi'ir liuufrs rtfcmblc thofv of the pcafanls about
Chrilli:'.n.i. They have no lii;ht hut what ciUtri by a
hole at thelop nf the hut, and do not make ulc ol bcd<
any more than the other i^.iplandrts. Tlic whole family,
ni ilicrs, miltrclVe^, childien, and men and maid-
fiiv.iiin, lie down proirifcuoufly in the middle of the
■aparti'ient, upon bv .ii-fiCini, which when they rife in
the morning, are t.ikcn up and laid by, till they arc
\vantL\l a(jaiii at ni^ht. Every family has a large
111 11 k c.it, wliith IV highly elKTmed, which the mailer
of llie f.iinilv nill talk tJ ^li if it was a realonable
creature, ;.nd which follows the people in all parilet af
fdiiiii; o; luuilin,.; like a do;;.

" When we li.id unladed the Oiip (fays the author)
we hauled her on fliore, and found the inhabitants
ready to give us all alfillance in their poAcr ) fur the
vcir>:l being under a neeenity of ha\ iiig timber to ritil
her, they helped lis to fetch what wc wanted from a
neighbouring mounl.un. As we found that the (hip
would he foiiie time in refitting, the fupercargn pru-
pofed to two o( the Ih'pS compjiiy and niylelf, to
make a journey into the rouiitry, to try whether any
trade could be carried on with the peaf.ints there.

" Having fupplied ouilclves H itii falt-beef, pork,
and bifcuit lor provifioni, and with cloth and tobacco
to trade, wc let out on our journey on the 12th of
May, attended bv three of the inhabitants of Varan-
ger, >%h'iin wc f .lliwed ihrou;;h the woods, moun-
tains and v.illey<, without meeting with any living
creature, till ..bout tour oclaek in the afternoon, when
we obi rveJ two wiiite be.irs of prodif;ious fize ap-
proach, a» we th'iu^ht, to di'iiiur U-, hut our guides
laushid at our fe.ir<., an I jH'ured u^ if wc kiptour
arms re.i 'y for deleiic", we Ihoiild not be att.tcked,
and wc lound Int ihcy laid to be true ; for whether
the hears were fnghten-d at the fire which ftruek from
our flint'', or from what caiife it happened 1 cannot
fay, but wc had no I'ooner prepared our fuzecs, than
they fled with the utnioll precipitation.

" As wc were dclcending a mount.-.in, about an
liour before night, we peretivid at a iliflance a herd of
beads nut unlike ilags, which our guides tc!d us were
rein -deer. Soon after this, we came to a village,
which confifleduf aboutadozen Aiaggling lioufes, at
one of which wc were very glad to rcpofe ouifclvcs,
having tr.u'clird a long way with our baggage at our
backs. Wc prefented our hofl with a piece of roll to-
L.1VA.0, which he riciivcd wiili extraordinary joy, af-
furing us that he had not had fo v.ilnablc a prclent in
nine months before ; and in nturii he biuught out hii
btandy bottle, fomc dried fifh, and feme rein-deer's
flrfli drcfl'ed w ithout falting, which we gave to our
guides, and fupped, ourfelvcs, upon thcprovifions we
had brought with us ; after which wc (Icpt upon bear-
fltins, according to the cuftom of the country. In
the morning wc aflccd our hod if he had any thing to
barter with us for cloth and tobacco ? To which he
ani'M-ered, that he had fnme wolf, fox, and white
Squirrel flcins, and that his neighbours had Tome o(
the fame C(>inmoditic<, i^nd would gladly exchange
U'ith us. ^Ve then bid him bring out his (kins, and
7

I if he had any cloithi made of rein-deer (kins, we
would deal with him for fourluilt, which we wanted
to keep us waim ) accordingly he brought forth hii
mcrchaiidifc, which wc bartered, and paid him partly
in tobacco, and partly in cloth. When we haJ pur-
chafed all th.it he had to (ell, we trucked with hit
neighbours as long » they had any thing worth buy-
inK« and then defircd our hoft to aflill ui with fome
rcln-derr, to carry us forward on our journey, to
which he readily confcntcti, and taking down a horn
that hung in his cottage, he went to the door and
blew it, on which fourteen or fifteen uf thofc animals
came running low.^rds the hut, from among which ht
chufc out fix, which he immediately yoked to fix
fledges. We put our merchandife and provifuni in
one of the fledges, and alTigncd another to one of
the guides, who undcrftoou the languages of our
different Laplanders, and difmifTed the other two
guides, h.iving firlt paid them in tobacco for their
trouble.

" Wc thc» put on our Lapland cloaths, and each
of IIS lying down in his fledgi., was covered with a
hear-(kin. At the back uf each fledge were two girtt
mailcofrcin-dicr^fkin leather, in vthich we th;ud our
aims up to the (houlders, to keep ouifelvcs lieady,
and wc had each a Kick, with a (Irong ferrcl to it, to
fupport the fledge, in cafe it (hould be in danger of
overturning againit the (lumps of tree* or lionet, ly-
in^ in the way,

" When we were ready to fct out, our hoft muttered
fomr words in the ears of our cattle, which I after-
wards learnt from our guide, wcredirci5lion> whitlier
they fliould carry us ; for fo credulous arc thel'e poor
writrhes as to think the beafU uiulerlland them.
Huwryer, cudom has made this muttering fo familiar
to them, that when our hoft had gone to all the fix,
th.7 fct off at a proiligious rate, going over hills and
dales without keeping any beaten path, till fevcn
o'clock in the evening, when they brought us to a
village between two hill;, on the borders ot a great
lake. I'hcy ftopt at the fourth houfe in tiici>lace,
and beating the ground with their feet, the inader of
the houfe and fome of his fervants came out at the
noife, and having unharnelTcd our cattle, and taken
us out of the fledges, they gave each of us a brimmer
of brandy, poured from a juniper can, of which
wood all their vcfl'cls arc made: this it feems was to
revive our fpirif:, onr guides having informed them
that we were frightened at our been drawn fo fwiltly,
not having bern u'cil to that kindnf travelling.

•' When wc go* out of our fledges, our hoft con-
ducK-d us into liis hut, which, like the reft of the
cottages in the place, was very little, low, and covered
with the bark of trees, the light entering in at a hole
in the top. The people feemed here more barbarous
than tliofe we had lafl converfcd with : however, we
gave our hoft a piece of our roll tobacco, about two
inches long, and a piece not quite fo long to each of
the inhabitants of the place, to engage their (ricnd-
(hip. Their language was very different from that
of the people of Varanger, from which we were now
very diflant, having travelled above thirty leagues
this day.

" After fupper we lay down on bear-(kin$, as
ufual, having (irft exchanged with our hod, our
Lapland habits, for thofc that were longer and more
commodious, ,ind bartered fomc tobacco far the (kins
of an hundred grey fquirrels, a fur much efteemcd in
Denmark and other parti of Europe. I'hc next day
the people provided us with fix other fledges, and hav-
ing treated us with brandy, and wifhed us a good
journey at parting, our hod performed the fame cere-
mony of muttering in the ears of the fix rein-deer, and
they then fct off, and drew us with the fame fwifinefs
as before. Our cattle did not ftop till three o'clock in
the afternoon, at which time we arrived at a village
of eight cottages, pleafantly fii'iated by the ftdc of a
woon on the top of a hill. Here we faw no in-
habitants, the rcafon of which, as our guide told us,
was that it bel«n|ed to the KUops, one of the wildefl
- . ,-' Laplwid

I768J

TRAVELS IV RUSSIA AND SIRF. RIA.

5^'*

•if iho nictfopolif, ami will when liiiilhci! be a |wiki:i
I'tnt. I'll.- ji4iJiiis ,iri- l;iiJ mit m tlic lii^-lidi l.ilti
by * injii "f KiiJ' "uiit, who wa» fcnt dir by ibc
|iriiic'c 111) (lut aiiotiiit. 'I'hi; n.iiure cif tlic urmiMj,
mill a fine pi.ri.- ol w.itrr iu:ir llic houlc, yavt liKii
(kiipc tor his n^imn. On my iiliirn Inim hriin , I
f.iw llu' mv.il |).il4n- 111 /..uliD-Zilii i lliis w,i> built
by h.li/.alHlli, ,iml !■. llic cuiiijikli It liuimph i.l a
barh.iiouN i.ilb- I lutvc (1.111 in th' If mjiihi in l.in^.
diinis. I'liu lilualiiin in bnv, ;wul iiimm.iiiiU h.uilly
any priifpi-v-l, nor h:i>i .my ii.aui il jilv.inl.ii'.r iml.nm
furli .1 |iiilcrincc. Il !■. \i ry Lnn'-'. .U"' 'hi.- !i"i>l 'i-
tiiiilj ti) a great lin^'.li, a!> tliire is (inly on' (tor)
bclidLS ihe^rminil 1Up<ji>. All iIh' i .i|iiMl» cj' the pil-
lar!, the lt.itue>, uiul minv oihii- puis ul ihc lAUr-
n.il lliui'lnre, are ,;ilt ; nor ilois ihr eye ft.irie nri t
any lliing elle, in Uie apiiliiunts «iiliin. One rci >m
is 111 a very p'-i uli ir ani uiiiiinimoii llyle ot m;i;;nili-
cenco, the liili* iif it beiiit; enliuly tunipulid "I
limber, on whiib arc ililpoleil iLit.Kms, ami nihcr
ornaininls of iIk' fame. Its lraiili>.ntm'v, .nul ibe
lOiifeiouCners of itsr.iiitv. have a fiiu i iKtI. This
i*as a prckiit of tlie riij;iiii\ ; kini; of I'liidia to llie
late cmpiels. Her ptikiit m.ijilly priteis this )i.ilace
to any ot thcothei'; ; ami when here Ihc is in retreat,
»i ill town at the IKiniii.i;;e.

A. VI ON (J the c.Mentive tcriiloiie.of ilnC/.nrina
is Siberia, which if ue ni.iy biliivt Ic.me moihin tr.i-
vcllers, is far fiom being incapable of improve-
ment.

It is to this province that the Rnfli.ins grnerallv
banilh Inch iriniinaK, as not havii..', inpiilcJ iballi,
are yet ai'juilgril worthy of livere pniiifhun'nt ; ami
inJecd ttiLle unhappv I vilis, for the niofl part, fiift". 1
f.) much (lurinj; ihvir baiiilhnirni, whiih is oltiii fur
life, that it were h.-lter for ihem to fall by iIk' liamis
of the executioner, than thus to diag on a milcrable
cxilhncc.

The frontiers of Siberia are for the mod part well
garriloneJ, whithis very necell'.irv, to piiftivc them
from the iiuuiiions of fuch of the Tartar tribf, a'
arc Jifpoful to commit ileprcdations iip'in their iiei;^h-
bours.

The religion of this priwince is fallnl Nicholatian.
The judiciary proccedirr^s are all txpfiit ioiilly t.riiii-
naled, for all their courts of julliee are eoll^t^ of
equity. There are no pettifoi;;;tis that prey upon the
innocint and unwary, and under pretence ot reliiv-
ing innocence, ami fuecouiin^ diftrefs, enrich ihem-
fclvcs with the fpoils of the widow and the fathcr-
Icf;.

The people of Siberia arc grave, robuft, fwift, and
very ikxtt roils at fliootiny at tir- crofs-bow, but they
are ignoiant, churlilb, and jealous i}( tlnir wives,
whom they generally lock up; and even if they do
not, none of them dare tjuit their rooms w ithout leave
of their hulLands.

The adulterers of either fcx arc ftoncd to death ;
tlic murderer I'eldom efcapcs with his lil'c; perjury is
moll feverely punched, and the robber generally meets
with his delerts.

Tobolefl{, orTobolIke, is the chief city of Sibe-
ria, whof' jutifdiclion extends fouthvvard, beyond
iia'/apa, from W'archaluria to the river Oby 1 tall-
ward to Samojedia ; northwaid to Ollialki ; and
weftvvaid to VA'.i, and the river /.u/.jvv.ija. This pro-
vince is every where well peopKd, as well by Ruf-
fians who depend on hulbandry, as by all forts of na-
tions, particulaily Tartars and heathens, who pay
tribute to her Czarifli majefty. Corn is fo very cheap
there, that a thoiifaiid<icrman pounds of rye flour,
may be puichafed for fixtcen cops ; and as for flefh,
the piice of an ox is coinmonlv two rix dollars; t»o
and an half about eleven fhillings I'.nglifli money ;
and that of an indilferent large hog is from thirty to
thirty-live (livers. Kefides, the river Irtis produces
fuch a prodi^;ious quantity of fid), that a (turgcon,
wcighini; forty pounds, is to be bought for five or fix
cops or (livers ; ami thelc fiOi are fo far from being
lean, that when they are boiled their fat appears the

Vol. I. No. .^9.

m.ijilly i whin he vs;is purftiiii, he and his toii'paniajis
fled up the liver K.una, ami fiom thmce into the

iliicknefs of a fiM(;cr. Here are great plenty of .ill
lorn of wildbi.ids, asilks, il.i^s, deir, hates, \> .
.iiid of wild lowl, viz. pheiianls, p.irlii'j.is, Iwais,
wild geile, duekn, and llutk", all v\ hich aic che.ipei
ih.iM beef.

ThiN city is feiured by n Aron? guriifonof well
.iiiiK'd foldieis, v«ho uiioii oiil.i> liu'ii be C'/.ai~,
cin briiij; ^r.oo men u.to tlie f'vld •, bi fides which,
here are liveral thoiiiand ot i'jilii-, w hf> fervc
their C/.ariih niajclUcs ail u.i ho. ib.^ck on o.ca-

flMll.

Slrollinn iiu'iifion' in tbi' w fl, upon tb.ir l'/.iri(h
iii.ijellies Imntiiis, aii- vu v fi( ipii ni'y m.nle by tlv;
K-ilinuck-, llie Cof'ik I >iJa, ai..l tli.,- Iiilij.-cl« ot tli-.
ral(iili.iin, or^<'Viriinr id thi. Hu. Iian .n T.oiars ;
lielidis vshiili, the LlHi'ier ,iiid 1) l..iri.in I'ariai,
commit lev'ral iiifolinces ; hut tbifebii.!- of |.|iv atJ
immediately oppolid and npulfed by the Ti.b.dif-
Ikiaiis.

This city is alfo the place of refnlence of the ine-
liop'iliian or chu f et.Klliflic, who i^ bit liom
.Molidvv biilur, and evl'lllll^ Ipiriiu.d jti. ildiclioii
over .ill Sibeiiaand D.oiiia.

About a entry a'.o, ibis ciiv, and the whole prn-
vime of Sdieria, Incline fiibjivt to lie L'/ir, by the
folliiwiii:; accident. Ji nm.ik Tinu 1. iev> it/, a cer-
tain robber in the rii;.',n of Ciar Ham \\ al..iwit7,
h.iviiig plunJiriil link-, and all the em , iiijacent
eouiriics, had gri.iily iiijiirid tho'c i-l Ins C.Miilh

Mjilly i wl

ed up the
Ivv/.uvaja, which falK into the lCam.1, wh.'ielie the
l.iiuls ot Slraninort', (..inous for his v.dl c(l..k- anJ
vvoiks, whnli taki- up the ^rnatid pan of ihelhore,
.iiid (In tell to the kn^ih of -o (ii.riii..n n.i.i' It
was this rich man's giaiid-lallur 'li it he appliel him-
klf to (or proiecliiMi, and be.i^id his inicn ll in ob-
taining his CzaiiOi nipji liv's pardon, ortVrlii.; at the
fame time, by way of ali'iiemitit for hi -i kllonioiis
eriines, to reduce the whole province ol S.beria to be
(uliji'iil to the Czar; pui fiiint t.. which he alio ob-
t.iiiied from the ahovenunti.iiud Stia^inolt', alhllancc
of barks, arms, and necilTai y worliinin ; and thus
provided, and accompanied with his fillow robbers in
li^'ht balks, he palled up the river Senbu nkoy, whicit
runs by the north-call part of the \Verch ituriaii
hills, and falls into the Iwzaw.ijaj thenec he con-
veyed his equipage by land to the river Toi^in, oit
v^hich he failed into the Tura, took the fort of Tu-
nieen, fituate thereon, razed it to the ground, and
advanced up the river Tobol to Tobolclk, where then
refided a Tartarian prince, aged about 12 years, whpfe
name was All ''lai Kut/jumfwitv. This city he
likewife att ' .d and took with fmall lofs j after
which he ca. : .' he prince prifoncr to Mofcow, and
put the conquc • '. city into a better polliirc of de-
fence.

After this fuccefs he proceeded down the river Jeti-
foh ; but was let upon in the night by a party of Tar-
tars, not far from Tobolefk, who cut on a great
many of his men, and he himfelf endeavouring to
(lep from one bark into another, leaped (bort, and by
reafonof his heavy armour, irrecoverably funk to the
bottom ; his body w as carried away by the force of
the dream, and never found. In the mean while
Straginod" had obtained the Czar's pardon for Jere-
mak i and fevcral Mufcovitc odicers and I'oKliers came
and garrifoned and fortified the places which he had
taken; and from this juncture the Czar's fovercignty
over Siberia is to be dated.

Mod of the inhabitants of the country near the
river Irtis arc Rudian Jemdcicks, who arc in the an-
nual pay of her Czarilh majcdy, for which they fup-
ply the way-wodes, that arc ordered this way, and
all other pcifons who travel on the Czarifli affairs in
Siberia, with free carriages and men to work } ami
arc obliged to carry them by water, as far as Surgut,
fituate on the Oby, at a very rcalbnable price. Thefi:
people keep great numbers of does, which they make
uli' of to travel with in winter, for it is utterly im-
7 Cj poflibU

379

T R A V F. r, S IN R f S S I A AND SIBERIA.

[1708

' I

podible to p-\h lhi< country with linrl'c- drill, by rea-
foil th.it riiincliini.> tlic rnow oii the Uby il .ibuve a
fjlhomdnp.

Thtle iliigi ,irr y'lVnl two tn carh florf, whiih i*
for that purpolt- nuilc very li^hl .iii>l thin, uiid ran
c.irrv from two to thne huiiJrrd Cirrmaii wrii;ht.
Ncilhrr the IKJ nor the llo,',^ aic huit by the (now,
but both run vrrv l«illly i)\ir, lraviii|; a ttarc only
•it llic ilrpih ofafin:;ir's brrailth. homr of ihilr
dojjn know iH-torc hanil whither thrrr is a likelihood
of any •.«ork to he (or thini, »\ we art tiild ; and if
Ih.y arc likely to be eniploynl, they lieiJ tii(;etlMT in
crowds, aiul hov^ ! in a difnial manner, whence ihiir
malJers draw their pri(,ige«, If whet) they arc on the
way, th.y arc inilinid lohtint, the maner takr< hi»

Sun on iiit Ihouldcr, and puts «n lii« long duling
ioc«, with which he i^ocj over the ice, takes his ilopn
with him, anil Heps a little way into a wood, turns
Up all manner ot wjIJ game, perhaps a line black
fox i and the (kins of the •jame are the maflei'i, and
the flefli he gives the dops. Thus they make a fuf-
fei.nt and very pro(it.ihlr ufc of thc(i: draught dogs,
winch aic middle- I'l/.rd, fliarp-nol'ed, with long-cie^hd
cars, and carry their tails crookinl, fome of whitli
arc likr* wolves or (oxes, infuniuch that as they lie
allirp ill the woods, they are fometimes by miltake,
iliot for one cf thole two fpecies ; to countenance
which, it is alfu certain, that thefe ilogs mix their
fti.iin bya promiCcuous copulation with that of uolvcs
ani' ("Xes ; when.e it is that whenever a roiirfing
match happens ain«ii);the inh.ihit.mts ot the vilii^es,
they ("ind a great inimbcr of both I'pecics near the vil-
lages, av nath Uen liequently obferved.

The banks of the Oby arc inhabiled by a people
called Dltiatks, who woiftiip tcrnltrial f;ods, but
acknowledge, (hat aecoulini; to nature, there murt be
a Loril in heaven, that poveriis all ; nevcrthelct's they
do not pay any worfliip at all to him, but have their
own pods made cf vsocd and earth, in feveral human
fhapes. Some of the liched amoni;(l thcmdrrfs thife
•Icitics in I'llken cloaths, made alter the f.ilhion ol
the Rjlfian women. All of them have thel'e idols
placed ill their hut , which are made of barks of trees,
fewed tog< thcr with bans guts.

On one fide cf the god hangs a bunch of human
and hoife-hair, ai'..l next that a wooden vcffll, with
milk pap, with which they daily fupply their gods,
and thrull it into their mouths with a Ipoon, made for
that purpofc, but by reafon the idols cannot fwallow
this (heinnilk diet, it runs out au'ain at both fides of
their mouth, down their bodies, in fucli a filibv man-
ner, as is (uflieient to difgiilt one from caiing that
diet. When this nice f;od is to be worfliipped or
prayed to, his adorers ftand bolt upr.ght, .ind tois their
heads up and down, without bending their backs in
the leall ; befides which they chirrup or whiitle
through the lips, as we do when we call a dog.

They call their gcxl Saicurn. Mr. Ides in his tra-
vels from Mofcovy to China, tells the following plea-
fant ftory, of the idolatry of thefe people. " ()nce,
(fays lie) feveral (^tliacks came on board the (hip in
whieh I was, to fell us fifli, and one of my fervants,
a Nurcnburgh-bcar in clock-work, which when
wound up, drummed and turned his head backwards
and forwards, continually moving his eyes, till the
work was down. Our I'eople let the bear at play a
little i and asfoonas ever the OOiacks fa^ it, all of
them performed to it their cullomary religious wor-
Ihip, and danced exeefTivily to the honour of the
bear, nodding their heads, and whiftling at a great
rate. They reprefcntcd our btar for a right Saiturn,
crying out. What arc our Saiturns which wc make?
If we had fuch a Saiturn, we would hang him all
over with fablesand black fox-flcins. They alfoafkcd
if this clock-work was to be fold ; but I ordered it
out of their fight, to avoid adminiKcring any occa-
fion of idolatry."

They have as many wives as they can maintain,
and marry their near relations without any fcrupic :
If a rel'iiion dies, they cry inceflantly for feveral

diy«, covering their brads, and fittinc on their knrcs
in their huts, and >sill not (uHi r thrmfrliea to be
fern ( but they carry the corps on poles to the ground
to be buried. They are a poor people, and live vriy
mifrrable in forry huts. They might indeed live Wi II,
(inec all pans near the Oby, abound with great quan-
tities of rich (iirs i bcfide that, ilieic is extraordinary
good tilhing in that river, in(umurh that 10 large
llur(;eons may be bought of them (or fhiee penny-
worth of tobacco ) but they are fo horrid la/.\, that
thev do not defirc to gel any more than will barely
fiirticc lluin annually lor the winter; (or when they
travel, they rat mollly filh, cf|Kciully when they art
on the water filhiiig, for thrn thry five on noiliiiig
ell'r. I'hey arrof a middle Kature, mod of them yel ■
Jowifh or red haired ; and their f.ues and notes difa-
greeably hrn.id ; they are weak, .md unable to labour
hard, not at all inclined to warv, and iiltcily iiiua-
pahle of military exrurfioiii. Uow> and arrows me
their weapons, with which they (}i>iOt Wild beads,
though not much addii^Kd to this riihrr. 'I'hcir
rIoatlisconfiK of ftiirgcoii and other fi(h-fkins, and
they wear neither linen nor woollen ) their fliocs and
itockings are faltencd together i and they wear a fliort
coat with a cape, whieh in eafi: of rain they pull over
their heads. Their (hoes are alfo made of liih-llcins,
and arc fewed fall to their (lockings, but not clolely,
fo that their feet mw(} nrcelTarily be always wet.
^Vllen thev arc upon the water, nolwitIiftan<ling the
thinncfs of their ilralhiiii;, they will bear extraor-
ilinarv great cold ; (or if it be but aeoimnon winter,
they are no better eloatlicd than abovcinentioiied j but
if the winter prove hard, thofe who are thus cloathed,
are nereditatiil to put another coat of the fame fort
of fifh-fkin over that ; and they rxprcfs this fevere
winter amont^ft one another, by faying. Do you like
the winter that forces one to wear two coats of (kins f
Thev fomctimes go a hunting in the winter with a
(inrle cnat only, and their hrcaHs bare, depending
upon warming thcmfelves quickly with Aiding ana
running over the iee in their leales, orfluliiig (hoet ;
but if, as it often times happens, they are overtaken
by an extraordinary fevere froft, and it feems utierl/
improbable toefcape or favc their lives, (fo incredibly
docs it fometimcs freeze on the Oby) they with the
utmoft hafte throw of}' their fi(h-flcin coat, and fling
themfelves into the derpeft fnow, and willingly freeze
to death : the reafon why they put od their coat is,
only that they may die tfie fooner .ind with much lelii
pain.

The womens cloaths are almoft like the men ; the
men's greatcft diverfion is bear-hunting, to which
fport they gather together in crouds, armed with no
other weapon than a (harp iron, like a large knife,
Hxcd to a (tick, about a fathom long.

When an Olliack is jealous of one of his wives
with another man, he cuts fome hair off the under part
of a bear's (kin, which he carries to the man whom
he fufpeih : if he be innocent, he then accepts it ; but
if he be guilty, they believe he dare not venture to
touch it, but acknowledges the truth, and then ami-
cably makes up thebuftnefs with the hufbancl, and the
wife is fold. Put if any (hould prefumc to be fo
ra(has to take the hair, though hewasguilty, thry
tell us they .ire »(!' id, that the bear's (kin from
whence that hair viaii .11 off, will again b'Tome a
living-bear, whirh after the expiration of three days,
will appear in the woods, and tear the perjured wretch
to pieces, who was not afraid fraudulently to receive
his hair in order to deny the truth. On this occalion
they invoke bows, arrows, axes, und knives, and
firmly believe that if any guilty takes any of thefe, he
(hall certainly be killed by ihole individual indru-
ments, which he accepts, within the fpacc of a few
days, which is not only avered by themfelves, but alfo
unanimoufly backed by the RuiTians, who live all
round thrfe parts.

Buratz is a fortrefs, the country about which is
inhabited by Buzartians ; of whole manners, and
thofc of the neighbouring people, the following ac-
count

1768]

TRAVELS IN RUSSIA AND SinERlA.

S7«

ciiuiit ii fxtraflcd from M. I. '% TrJvrN, Thr
liuulc* of ihrfc ptopK: iirc built nt lome clHlinrr fnnii
cull (iilur, .!« in vill.ii;is, ami ;ire (^inpr.illv fitti.niJ
m ihr li.li- ol » river. Cl'ile to tlnir doon fc.ir.il
polrn iiri; crcili J ill ihc grounil, nii lume ol wliiili
iiri' Itui'k Dii'ip, 1)11 iiihcri bucks, mid fume f.illcii
bmll lii'l('« on thciii.

In (jiiini; .mil aiilunui ihry ,!"i out by hiindrc>l«, in
» troop on hiirlib-ick, to bunt ltt(>i, v»ilil (Iwcp, .in.l
rot-buck*. When ihev havi- found a pbri- when-
Ibi-rc ii umir, lluy r^n 'i' thimllvi* in ciuuLir onlcr,
To that tiny cjn ciiily cmnr np.ir one another, by which
in furh 4 riii.!, liny will bunt together, and en-
tonip.ili lonu' hundriiN nf brnds ; Mui having once
j|;ot Ibcm within rr.nli ot ihiir .irrows, every one lct»
fly, fo that very (cw of ihi biall* clciipe, each biintrr
b('ini> fowcll provided as to nuke thirty (holt fuccif-
fivily.

After himtin'^, each himirman eafily finili his ar-
rows, by their pe uliar ir..irkfortunc aliending this way of bunting, which iv,
thai ih< V unaw.ircs fri'(|iiriitly (hoot one another, aiul
the holies are often wound'il. They flcin their game,
cut the fl.lh troin the bones, and dry it in the fun ;
on this provilion they live as Ion); as it lalks, and when
it is gone, they go out a hunting a^ain.

Thiife who want oxi'n or caimis of an extraordi-
nary lize to convey their gomls t» China, are obliged
to buy them of tiufc people, who will noi deal for
money, but receive in exchange of the bu\ers, pale
fables, pewter, copper biloii , red Hambutj;h rlnih
otter (kins, ami I'crtian filks of all colours, in winch
commoditie!. tin- pi ice of an ox is not above tnur or
five rubles, and that uf a camel fcldum exceeds tenor
twelve rubles.

Both men and women of this country are lar(;e,
robull, and have tolerable liandruinc features. In the
winter both fexes wear Ions coats made of (heep-fkin<,
with a bioail girdle tipped with iron. They h.tve a
fort of caps w liicli Ihev draw over their ears in cold
weather j and in fumnier they wear coat* of a light
red cloth. Tliefe people never cut the nails either of
their hands or feet, nor arc ever walhed, except at
the time of their birth j fo that they make a very nafty
appearance. The hair of the unmarried women
flicking faif toi;e'her in plaits, (lands an end, and
makes them look juft as Envy is rrprefented by the
painters. The married women haveonlv two plaits,
which han^down on each tide of their heads, adorned
with all lolls of tin (i;;ures.

When any of them die, they are buried with their
hrrt rloaths, bows, and arrows. Their religion con-
flits of worfhipping the dead bucks and (heep which
arc ftuck upon ihcir poles before their houfes, at fc-
veral times of the year, as long as Ihey continue un-
puiri(ied. Their adoration of tbcm is performed by
bowing the head, while they arc kneeling with their
hands clafpcd, without either prayers, or fo much as
fpeaking one word.

This is the only divine fervice they arc acquainted
with, nor will they learn any other. They have in-
deed ffvera! prirfts, whom, when they think proper,
tbcy kill and bury, together with cl'<aths and money,
alledging it is neceflary to fend them (iill to the other
world to pray for them, and that ihcy ought to hau-
money to fpend, and cloaths to wear, left they (hould
be driven to neceflity.

Whi-n they arc to take an oath, they go to a hill
which they citccm facrcd, and upon this nifl they take
the oath, (irmly believing that the falfe fwearcr (hall
never come down alive. To this hill they frequently
o(Fer up all forts of llaughtered cattle, and have paid
a veneration to it for many years i but upon what
tradition this reverence is founded, is not as yet
known.

In this neighbourhood is found themufk cat. This
animal is almoll like a young buck, without horns,
with this difF..rence, that its hair is a little black, and
ihe head rcfcmbl.'S that of a wolf. The Chinefe call
this animal Yclicain, that is Mu(k-h»rt, on account
I

ol Its likrnels to a ftig i hut befiiles the diflimilaudo
III tbr hrnil, it hath Iwu iijlk< like that of a wil I b > ir,
whith llick out of Us mouili. The mull. i> cuii-
I. lined in a certain (wi llini; al the navel, like a little
purle, which is compufid uf a tbiii (km, covered with
a VI rv fine hair.

I'liilip Martinus, in his Chinefe Atlas, givct the
liillou'ingdefcription of ihis anm al :

*' The mu(k-i at is aliiudl like a young hart or dof,
only iliil he is fomculiat biowiui, .mil fo Hovs' and
iinao)ive,that the hiiiiler's grcaitif ilifliculty is in put*
ting hull up i for l bat once dine, be is inimriliatrly
(hot, lor he lutieieih h nifell tamelv lobe klled, ' iih-
oiit either ileleiidiiig hin.lill or (lirringi the mulk, of
which there are vaiious (urts of dirt'ereiit value', i(
prepared from this he .ill in the following manner.

" After he u ink n, all his blooj is drawn off
and reiei vcd ) and tmn. iindi r his navel is taken nut a
bladder, that is hlUd with blood, or fome other odc-
riferoiis liquor ihrrc concreUil i after which the ani-
mal is n> ail and cut to pieces.

" When the Cliintle defign to make the bcft fort,
tbcy take the hinder part of the animal, beginning
from the kidneys, which ihey (tamp .ind bruife to a
j lly, which Ihey dry, and there with it fill the fmall
bags, which tbcy make of the (kin of the heart.

" Hut if they di fire a (lighter fort of mulk, which
(hould yet he very good, ami not at all fophillicated,
they then be-at all the parts of the animal together,
without any diltin£tion, to a jelly, with a little ojt
his blood, in a mortar, with which, ai before, they
(ill up the bags made of the hide.

" Ue(ii!"s thefe two, then is another fort of mulk,
which is highly valued, though not fo good as cither
of the former. T'his is prepared of the fore-part of
the animal to the kidneys, which they particularly
lay by the reft o( his body, in order to make the com-
mon nuilk; lo that none of this creature is thrown
away, but all parts of it arc good ; whence it is faid
to be better dead than alive."

Thus far Martinus i we will now purfueoiir au>
thor. ■

After travelling fome days, he arrived at the t ity of
Jakutkoi, which was large and populous. In this
city, grain, fait, (le(h and (i(h, were very clieap :
an hundred weight o( rye was fold for fevcn (divers.
For fome miles round the city, the land is very fruit-
iul, and corn grows in great abundance i liefldes
which great numbers of Ruffians have fettled here,
and it is inhabited by fome hundreds of villagers, where
they follow agriculture, with great indullry and fuc-
ccfs.

Oppofltc to the city on the eaft fide, is a burning
cave, which for fome years before Mr. Ides waj there
burnt very violently, but was then almoft extinft {
it is a large cleft in the earth, and on a long pole, be-
ing put into it, it felt very warm.

Near this city was a very fine cloifter, in which
lived a Mongalian Baron, who had put liimfelf un '.-r
the proteilion of their Czarifh majellies, and em-
braced the Greek Chriftian religion.

This gentleman had a firter, who, according to the
Mong.ilian cuftoms lived in the devoted fpiritual ftate,
and wasalmoll inclined to receive the Chriftian faith.
When any one difcourfcd with her on that fukjcct, (he
ufed to reply, " I am fatisficd that the Cbriltiana
Uod muft neceflarilv be a (trons God, fi \c • h ■ will
return thither, though he (li:,ll again be b aten
down."

Uur author paid a vifit to this lady, who on her
entering the room falutcd no perfon, her order not ad*
milting of fuch condefcenlion. Sue had a rofary or
firing of beads in her hand, which (he conftantly
pafled round through her fingers. There was with
her a lama, orpricli, who had alfo a Itring of beads
in his hand, which he very fwiftly ant inceffantly
turned over through his fingers, continually moving
his lips, as though at his devotions; and with this
perpetual telling of his t>eads, his thumb wa': worn
through the (lc(h aad nail up to Uic knuckl.- 1

which

..•>.;r .

*(«

'r^

■ i

TRAVELS IN R U * 9 I A AND SIBERIA.

wliii-li Ini II?, Ii I M rulibcil ort' by very flow iligrco,
ili<l n<ii )>. ill liiiii ai ill.

.Mr. |il.» ,inj hi> rcilniif h i»in" rrtiulnnl fuim
ti''<ii' J( jdKu'lkiii, lit t<irA.ir,l III ll' J.'i'< I'll iIk' licit
.utM4ri.M, t.iw.uil^ the l,iki' dI H.iiki'l« wliiili liny
rtM'hiil iMi iIk- iDih III till' liiiK' iiiiiiiili, miJ liiiJin^
it Iti'^i II ii|i vrrv luiil, pill. ll I.1I1 Iv nvi r.

Ill Ilk" <>l li.iik<>l i< .ilioiii loriv (itrnun iiiilo.
lull)!, ii'il |i\ luri.iil. Till' ill- III II W.IS •iluiiit n hi
ft-cl inuk. I luiL' .irr CMiliiiioiily in it Kt'iT;il liinkcii
pbc < or wind III. Its, mIikIi imi IkIhl; Im/iii ii|<,
piovi' \i'rv lUii 'I i>iu« to li.iu'llir» whin |iii|irilnl wilh
jliuw III ltiii|> lliiniK wiilili : III till' hirl'v, il nut
(haip Iho'l, .HI- (liivt'ii In unliiiily by ilic imv >>l ilic

n :ilil<i lh.lt till V ('.iniliil III All lull', bill l.ilUll'j; nil llir
ill, .111' hill I ml nil hy llu' wiiiil, till llky .iiiil ihi

flcil;'!' Ill' IvJIllWl'il ll|l ill IIIIL l>l thulc I'l'lll I'Ihi'i'.,

by » liiih hilt It lioiii's Jinl luliiii^ci* Jt.- iiiUllilh |.>ll :
brliili'*, to ;iii,<iiuiit till' il.iii^ir, lIu' iii' uliliu l.iki' l^
limicliiiK* torn opt ii li'ur.il l.4lhi<'iu hv In lilcn \Mnil>,
M'liiiii nuki' .1 noil'i .1« luiiil 4l\^ tiiiilili' .Ik tliiin Ici
cl.ip« i hut .ilt^r thi' iX|iii.iiioii ol :i liw lioiir«, tlic ice
juint .i;'..i;i, .111.1 r.'oii liivuiiii t .is cliilt' .11 III loll-,

Tliei-ainilt .mil ox. 11 which travillcr'. tikt with
Ihcili MM tlii'ii I'Uiiniv to C'hiii.i, arc iihli^iil to p.ilt
over lhi« l.ikc Iroiii [jkuillini \ in uidrr to whiili ilir
Ciinicli hnvc a kui.l nl b.i il ticJ jbout ihcir k-.'*, whiih
i« very Hmip ut the b.itiinii i an.) the oxen jre pro-
viiled uich Ih.irp ihiih Ihuek through tli: ir hool's,
without uhicli II vvDiiiJ b.' iinpoinble lor tliiin tu ^u
turw^iid;.

The «.itcr Pi thi* l.ikc is cleir, tadii. very fri'lh,
iiiil yet it H of a deep L'leen, like th.il ol the ocean.
Where the lee w.is opni, our .luclior trii|iii lulv <'h-
lervcil a grc.it iiiiniber of li .i-doj.;-*, uml lilh in (;ie.it
lhund.in''e, pariicul.iilv Duri^iiuis .nml pike-, luiiie
III' which he a(i'.tt» wtiyhcd two liuiiJied Cicrnuin
|iouiids.

VVc h.ivc .ilivadv mentioned the cuftom i>( lending
txilcH into .Sihrii.i, wliith.T perlons cl r.iiilc are fre-
cjuintlv banilhed .ilicr haiin;; iheir tiirs iiml mili'sflii,
orreciiviii;; roniL' rorpor.il piinilliiiiint. — In order to
give the rciJir a cUir iJea of this muter, we ftiall
here qu'ite tlic narrati.n of a traicllci, wlm converfed
with foinc I'l tin 1'.' iiiih.ijipy exiU-s thi re, together with
bin d-rcripiioii 01' the city of l'..pinowijorod, whither
he W.1S l;iiini', when he met with the adventure.

" Il.iviii;; lield on oui way (f.iy* he) tlmmgh al-
moft iinpallable foivlh, and over hi^h mountains,
at length, -after three hours jouriuy, as we ap-
pruach'.il a thick wood, we (bleived live nun in lonj^
coat* of \>hite b.ars ftiii, nude alter t'le Miilcoiitc
talhion, each of »1ioim had a ^iin on hii. flioulder, a
poucii (III on.' fide, and a kmfe an. I llitalli on the
in'ier. As ihev ailvaiiecl towards us, our jiuide llop-
fH.i the fiin deer. When ilie five men luin;^ iie.ir
tniMioh to he li .ml, one of t lain perci ii iiij; lli.it »e
were HraiiL;«rs, b.id us t;ood-niorrow in the Gerinan
lon_'ue, w'lniin ; iney were as free as we were. Our
ruperear;;! Imn,; a ii alive of Lower Sjx.uiy, w.i.s at-
tr.iilcd by the fuiin.l of his own l.in;;uat|;e, and afkcd
him what cimiitiymjn he was; when enter in;; into
convi rfatioii, Imi.il tiiiii;;s were d.irted, hy whiih il
appeared thai tliev h.id bem inliiiiatc aci|u;iintanees.
'J'lic fuperiar^o now alii;liteil Irom his lledt;e, em-
br.iccd him, and enquired how he c;ime tin re; to
tvhich he repl.ed, tiiat he had been banilhed for hunt-
inn l*blis, a veiy tapit.i! oU'eiice.

" Wiiile tliev vieie ll ik oiirriiii;, I hid leilurc to
furvcy the other four, wlun one of tlum, of whole
fcitures 1 had fome idea, tiiDugh I could not infhnily
TecoUeel who lu- vva-, allccd inr in French whence J
tame, and wlutlier I was goin;;. l-'indint; that I
could not rtcidli^t linn, he told me his name, and
that he had often iliank with meat Stockholm. I
now knew him well ; he was a perfnn to whom I had
been gieatly obliged, liaving received many civilities
from him ill Sweden. He was a gentleman by birth,
a native of Lurrain, and lieutenant colonel of a rcgi-
in«ut uf Muleovice borfe. He had endeavoured tu per-

fi7'-l

lu.ide iiir III go with him to MofcoW, hy odiiiii^ !•
prot'Uie me a poll ol liiuiur and piolii^ hiii I had Je-
1 linrd till- p10p.1l.1l.

" Winii 1 eoiiip.irrd the fin- appi-arince he made
at that linir, the lelpu'l wiili whieh h; ivat Ireaudoil
aernunt of Ins ellite, his lank, and his ihaiactri,
iMth thr iiiilii.ibl'' euiiililioii to whii h I iinw law biiii
ir.liieed, I could not nliain Imm tiar>. I tnibiaecj
liini mill the utmoll Irii.'i mils , mil .illictioii, and en -
■ lull III,' into the ejiife ot his dil^.|.it.i , he lepliid, that
ilic C/ II iiiijiillly liilptcliii,' hi Iniil not hern lo /lalout
inhisliivue as he i.ii^ht to luvi l>. en, bad I .inilhcil
liiiii III Silxiiafor three \eais, wheie he mdureil hard.
Iliips niii III beexpiellid ; brint: •xpofid to ihr i;ieat-
elt d in ;i'i\ in hunting' wild brails Im his liiMilianii,
to the tnifiiies ul hun^ir, and llie liujiir ul the Ka<
Ions, whiih he and his lompa. kmi^ were ubli;;ed to
iiiiliin, llu peilim daiin;>, to .ilbud iheiii the leall re-
iki. Me laid that liaiee .1 dav pallid but tliiy Wi re al-
l..cked hy wild bi'all<, wiiiih tliey met in herds ftck*
nil! lor prey, and ihal Ihi > licqu. iilly l..iind ):reat
dilHi iiliy III ilefi tiding thi mil Iks , that btlide>, ihcy
wue ohlii;ed to liipply ih. I'/.ii's i.lKcers with a icr-
tain number of fables, under the penally of bein^ fe-
verely lalhed with a whip of thick hard leather, oit
theii ii.iked backs, till thiy were covered with blood.

" One of the ntherj b.id been receiver-pcncral of
the C'/. ii's r venues, another had been a m.iior-(;ene-
lal, and a fifth a man of note. They all joined ill
iliplorin,', their mufoi tunes, exclaiming loudly a^ainli
the C/.ai, and deelarid, that whin once the tine: of
their exile wan txpiied, they would lake care to get
fai eiioiii;li out ot his power. WeoH'irid our bill en-
dc.ivniirs to laeililale th.ir efe.ipe ; but they told ut
this was impollilile, .ill the lii'iilius bein;; guardid by
(oris, 10 the (.onimandaMts of which their faces wcic
will kniiwii, and that nothing Ills than the ciuelell
death baibarity loiild ile\ile, winild be the ceitaiii
ci>nlii|urnce, both to thini ai.d us, for the attempt.

*' llaviii;; rcfrclhed them and ourfelvcs with fuch
provifions as we had wiili U', ue told them wc rc-
lidved to fjicnd a few In urs with them, for We could
lint iliink uf leaving lo very fuddenly, men whom
.\c had known in better days, wlicn fortune fniiled
upon them.

'* They rcccivid this propofal with great joy, told
us they h.id live little huts, which they had built in
the nei;.;biiurin^; wood, and if we would be lo kind to
i;o thither with them, they lliould be greatly obliged to
us, and all thr Ikins they had Ihould be at our fcr-
vice, except the fables, which they wcte obliged to
nliue fur the Czar : they adJed, that the remem-
bianccof the happy hours they Ihould fpindwith ui
111 tiiiir fulitude, would make many future months
p,lideinore fueetly. Wc immediately complied wilb
a rei|uil) fo politely and aireiilintily cnfoned, and on
apprnathing the huts, uc found that nerefTity had ren-
dered thefe unhappy men ingenious. They were built
of fir, and were higher and mure commodious than
any we had feen in our travels j there were two or
three rooms in each of them, and lattices to let in
the light at the fides. They were each |]i.idcd by
trees, and fo artfully paved with fi(h bones, that the
floors looked as if they were inlaid with ivory. To
defend themfilves from the depredations of wild be.lfts,
they had dug a trench round th:fc buildings, and
ereiited pallif.idiK's with flrong pods and pieces of wood
nailed acrofs them, on the tops of which uerr fpikes
of filh bones. Thus, when their gale was clofed, they
were as fecure as in a fortified place. They had within
.ill kinds of hunting and lilhing-tackic, bcfidcsagooj
(lore of failed rein-deer venifon, bifcuit, and me-
ihci^lin.

" While the reft of the company fat down to drink-
ing, the lieutenant colonel and I withdrew to bn,
hut to convcrfe together. Our convcrfation turned
chiefly on the wildernefs of the country, and the bar-
barity of its inhabitants i and his defcriptions were
fo lively and juft, as added greatly to the pidturr.
He told rue that when ths time of hit cxIIl flioulJ

■i

•w

1751

•1

TRAVELS FN RUSSIA AND SIBERIA.

kirxpirnl, hr intfnileil tu n-tiirn hom«i and favr im
mttlirretion in l.tirriin. When my lintiil .iiitnpi>lcil minilvc*
fo llerpi upon bear (kiiia, m our tnnipiniont ili>l
allii\tlK-nihry wire (irnliil drinking, and lU'pt I'uuiidly
(ill nrxt moriiiii):.

•• We ariid- c.iilv, .it tlif difiic of the five rxile«,
innk rach nt ii.i u |',<<ni 4iul uiiciidrd lliriii iii(i> (hr
wu<hI«, lom.iniiiu' tlii-ir fnarcs, lo Ice whjl prry '•\**
cau(;lil in thole they had laid the night lirloii. Wc
killed ten or twelve white fdX'-^, and hall a Jd/.iii
(jrey ni.iilin*, but itict viriih ninn- of the Irrjirr gin -.
At we intended to purine our jourinv '" the alternoon.
we did not chufc to lole miith time- in Kuniinc., but
reliiincJ to the hui», and h.ivin;; Hined luurtily, .tiid
di.iiik piniiil'ullv, wc took our leave, truly alfec'ted
at not bi-ing iible to relieve thofc uiili.ippy pcnlle-
nien.

*• At piriin|% they forced upon ii» fomc iruoius,
beari, Ioxia, .iiid woll« (kini, for v*hich they would
t.ike no moiii'v ; however, we prevailed on them to
accept fmie biaiulv, tobacco and cloth, which we
took c^rr (h'ull 1 xiceil in v.ilin' tlie cominiHlitii* they
hid nivrn ii>. Wc wrpi rrcipnirally nt partlni' ; and
haviiii; tikcn a lall farrwel, we nvrtintctlour fiedj^t*,
and purlutd our journey wi>h the ulual expedition.

" Inaboiit three hiiuri wecanie to five or li\ hut',
inli.il'ilrd by .■hout a dojtcn pcojile, of whom we liouf^ht
all ihcir (kiin ; and afterwards lutlowiiiK the courfc of
the river I'lf/ura, wc frcqiKiiily nut with liiiall vil-
lagCT, in foinc of which we fiMiiul inhabitant, and
in otheri none ■, but whenever v\e iiitcl with any body
lo trade with, we were lure of havin;^ Ikint either
for money or brandy, but none would venture lo fell
us fabler. Wc no* reached a larjje rid^e of moi:n-
taiin, that are alinolJ always covcrni with I'liow, and
In barren, that no huma:\ ci'ilurc can live upon
ihciii. On both fide* of ihc(c nioiint.iiiis w;io kaft
number', of white bears and wnKc», v*'hich put us in
fear of our livet i thou};b I am apt to believe thole
bcaftj were a« much terrified as \vc wtic, Inr they fled
from in on all fules, perhaps IrifOucned bv the i;littcr-
inj; of our arms, which wc took care to dil'play to the
belt advantage.

'• Wc were above twelve hours crortinj; thefe
mountains, over which our cattle had great difficulty
lo draw us; but we at length reached the defcent,
and foon arrived at a village in Siberia, where the peo-
ple hail linen ftiirts, clu^ bufkins, and garments nl
bear-fkins, with the hair outwards j they appeared to
be lefs barbarous than thole with whom we had lately
converfed, rcceivin.^ us with great hofpitality and
civility, afking our country and bufincfs. Having
refolvcd their (|ueflions, wc nought all their fkins for
ready money ; ftafted with them on dried bears and
wolfs fle/h, rice cakes, and bramly j and then (Icpt
upon hears (kin», in houfcs built after the manner of
thofe in Lapland. At our rifing, they treated us with
a glafs of brandy, and then we jet forward for Pa-
|jinowgrod, which place we reached in twenty-four
hours.

•• The governor hearing of our arrival, fent for
us, upon which we immediately waited on him, and
iinfwered all his queOions much to his fatisfaiftion.
When he underftmxl we were Danifti merchants, who
had travelled fo far to buy furs, he treated us in a very
friendly manner, and as a mark of his refpeiff, fent
for his wile to entertain us, which wasamoft fingular
honour.

•' She came into the room with a bottle of brandy
in one hand, ami a filver cup in the other, and was
followed by a fervint maid, who carried a plate of
gingerbread. We I'aluted her according to the cuftom
iif the ciiuimv, bv bowinj; our heads, when untying
the knot of her fhift fleevcs, (he let it fall to the
ground, and the fiipercarqo faking it up, we each of
us kifl'ed it. She then furled it up again with her left
hand, and taking the bottle and cup, which (he had
fet down to perform this ceremony, gave each of us
.1 hiimper of brandy, and gingerbread, ftandingall the

Vol.. I. No. 49.

Sfi

»hilc near hrr hulband at ih.- end of the ubtt. Sht
then withdriw, and the guveinor treated ui with an
excellent fuppti.

'* I'heentiit .iiimeiitbeiiii» ended, we wcreeondui^tcij
loihc Irdijingt piep ir. J fo' us in liiv lallle, and loii-
lidering Ihceoui'tiv, lay n Very ^ood bids. Having
llepi about Icvcn uurs, w- aroli, .ind tlic govcriiur
loDaiitly wailed on u , I M.wtd by a It ivilil with a
bottle of brandy, ui whiili h ((jve each ol 11 1 hearty
up lor a nlt•lll<l1^^ whet. He tin 11 produced hit
ikins, which lliuu.jh Ihev were Valued much higher
than any wc li id mri wit'i in uur travel., they wc^
the bell woith our nioiK'V.

" Wliiii Ik hid difjiu I of his own (lock, he or-
dered one i.f hi* Itrv.iiits i'. ciu|uiic (or chapmen
amon^' th. jrople of the town , iiid w liilc ih'.- lu|)er-
c .rifo w . d"aling with the people, 1 div. ried niylelf
t. nn 'Aalking .ib»ut the town.

" The hiiulcs of I' piiiowarod arc low and meanly
built, of inu.l or woo.l, the ihinks being (lopped up
with inofs, and the llreetsare paved with limber, l.iii
dole lo'^i ih.r. Tlie country about it is vcty f rtile,
alio wi il watered In' ahnc river, in which there it va.
ticty III txcellent (illi.

*' The (icople of fafhion wear a loni; cloth coaf,
which reaches down to their toes, woh tery clofe
(leevcs of another colour, under whcli thev have
breeches, and (lockings of the f.iue ilotli. Their
(hoes, or rather their bo.ii>, aic of blue, nd, or
low colour, buttoned 111 ilic top ; and on ihei^
hands they wear clotli I Ills, '•nd.md bordeud with
ermine, liible, or black (ox (kins. The wnmrii art
very handfomc, and fomewhat I'ai 1 their hair is of a
light cliefnut colour, hanging down to llieir waift,
and their head-drelt IS an oval cap | their upper gar-
ments, which like the men's, hang down to theic
icet, are made of a red, blue, or violet i oloured cloth,
and are lined either with fable, or white fox-(kin|
lluiMed with pearls, and iheir (hifts are made of fine
eallico, with (Iceves all ruffled up from the wrift to the
Ihoiildcr, fomc of which are five ells long ) and this
bundle prevents theit ufing the arms of their robes,
which therefore liang ulclefs, and arc only pinneA
on."

The banifhment of prifonrrs into Siberia by or-
der of the government of Ruffia, ii in general ron-
fidcred as a punilhment even worfe than death it-
felf ( and yet we find that there are fome authors of a
contrary opinion. And the country, although at
burre n as we have reprefented il, yet is in a capacity
of admitting of many improvements, which good
fenfe will point out, and honcA indu((ry will fubniic
tO} indeeel it mul> be granted in favour of the un>
happy perl'ona who re condemned to live in ihofe in-
hofpitable dcfarts, that their fpiriti are deprefTed, anJ
cunfcqucntly they have no defire to cultivate the
ground. They are often left in a ftate of uncert.iinty,
with rel'pcift to the time allotted for their banifhmtnt,
and thus think it unnecefTary to begin what they may
not accomplifh.

Many pcrfons werebani(hed to Siberia in the reign
of Peter the Great ; but moft of ihcfc were perfona
of eminence, who had incurred the royal difpleafuret
for that emperor although in many relpcdls an emi-'
ne nt perfon, yet being a (lave to his pafTioiis, like Alcx-
aijder the Great, often deOroyed his moft intimate
friends. It was the defign of Peter, nor has it ever
been loft fight of by his fuccefTors, that nations can
never rile to grandeur, unlefs commerce is cultivated |
and for this reafon, Peter whofe dominions were
interior, and whofe people were favages, left no-
thing undone in order to cftablifh a harbour, from
whence he could fend (hips into any parti of the
known world.

It ii well known what methods Peter madeufeof
in order to cultivate the manners of his fubjeAs, and
while he was laying the grand fcheme for the conqueft
of Livonia, the oppofition he met with from his rival
Charles XII. fcrvcd rather to accellcrate than fruf-
trate his defign. After the battle of Pultou, 1709,
7 H ^ete*

',*!

TRAVELS IN RUSSIA AND SIBERIA.

ff7«a

r >

<■

Peter found tlie whole province of Livoiiia as it were
laid open to him, and it was taken poill'lfion of by his
viAorious vroops. . On a duller of illandt he built
the city uf St. Pctcr(burgh, and partly hy promil'es,
and partly by force, he caufed fume of the muft rc-
fpcAable perfuns in his empire to come and fettle in
it. The cncouragcmLMit he gave to men acquainted
with the liberal arts and the fciences, induced many
perfons to fettle in the new city, and this part of his
conduft is imitated by his fucccilors.

The late emprcfs, who died 1762, made it an in-
variable rule never to put a criminal to dearli, and
this praAice gave rife to the frequency of banifti-
Aients to Siberia. It was common to fend regiments
of raw undifciplined recruits along with thefe pri-
foncrs, and when thefe young men returned again to
Pcterfturgl' . they were fo much inured to the fevere
hard(hips of the climate, that they became foldiers
able to undergo any fatigues whatever. I'his was a
bold ftrokeof policy, and it is in part owing to it
that the Ruffian arniics make at prcfent fuch a di(-
tinguiftiing figure. It ij well known that at the bat-
tle near Frankfort on the Oder, in 1758, thcRufliao
forces, commanded by<ji'uend Apraxin, ftood like
an immoveable wall againlV the forces nf that expe-
rienced genera! the prcfent King of Pruffia, and
obliged him to quit thf Held.

The banifliment of criminals ta rcfide in wild de-
farts has been attended with difllrcnt confcquencc!,
in different ages; and there have been many in-
llances wherein the defccndants of the banifticd have
returned to tliofe countries from which they were
driven, as unwoichy of a place in fucicty, ai.d
eftabliflied governments upon more enlarged princi-
ples of freedom.

All.'.ican, by fimie wri ters railed A ftnikan, is fituatcd
on a plain near the river VVolgu, and not f^r from
the holders of Rullta. It is a town of con/idcrahle
antiquity, and accorJing to Mr. Hanway, who vi-
(itcd it in 1742, it is in a thriving condition. It i^
built up<in an afcent, anJ furruunded with a wall,
which has been lately ri built ; and within the wall
are many pleafant ganlons, where the inhabitants
fpeiid much of their time in fummer. Two or three
regiments of foldiers, arc coainionly llationed in it,
and there is a callle where the governor refidcs-
The inh.ibiiants are paitly Greeks, Mahometans,
and HcJihens. I'lie Greeks, as in other parts of
RulUa, have their churches; tlic Mahoinotans have
a moiquc, and the hcithi ns a temple ; for it is a
maxim in the RulEan g )v. rnmcnt, to grant a toler-
ation to the profejlbrs of all diH'erent religions, fo as
they do not give any oirciii-c to the civil power. This
is in all rcfpcdls confident with the infancy of a go-
vernment, which aims Jt extenfiie power, and in-
tends to crtablilh an univerfal monr-.chy. The per-
Ibns who allemblo in tlic Heathen temple of Aftra-
£an, are difciplesof the ancient Magi ; but they hav-
ing been fo long mixed with 'he Tartars, they have
forgot the principles of their religion; and are now
became worlhippefs of images and attendants on fa-
crifices.

When Ml. Il.mway was at Aflracan, his curi-
ofity led him to be prefeiit one day in ilie Pagan tem-
ple, where facrifices arc oftcmJ, and he found thefe
to conlld of flcfli, cakes, and fuch liquor as the
country affords, and one of the officers of the tem-
ple, brought him a pare on a plate, but he refufed
to cat it, knowing it had been ^offered to idols. He
adds, that the Heathens in that city are not very nu-
merous, and in general they .ire compofed of the low-
er ranks of people. They have fomc confufcd no-
tions of a Supreme Being, but although there can
remain no doubt ot divine revelation haying been
made known to them during the Itrft aget of Chrif-
tianity, yet there are at prcfent no remains of it among
them. Hut the Greeks, and the Mahomctani in Ar-
traean, and throughout the whole of that province,
are equally as ignorant as the Heathens 1 and Peter
the Great was fo much intent on acquiring a digni-

fied place in the political fyftem of Europe, Aat 'sm,
payed but little regard to Aich of hk i'ubjeds as li.vo*
ealiward of Mofcow.

All along the banks of tke Wolga there are laicli
vaft numbers of Tartarian robbers, that the govern-
ment h.'S found it neceffary to puiiifli them in a moft
exemplary manner. 'I'hc mode of punilhincnt is in-
deed confident with themannersof a baibarous, leiocU
ous people, but it is much to be doubled whctlior
they ever lead towards the reformation of nianncrsg
thofc who arc favage in their manners, pay little re-
gard to torture, when infliAed on ilieniklvis, fur fi>
veiity of punifhment ferves rather to harden than t*
humaniac the niind. A conflant repetition makes .is
familiar, and that which would (o us become Ihuck-
ing, is confidcrcd hy thefe barbarians no more th.ta
ordinary puniflimeiits in the fame manner as the peo-
ple in France, Germany, am! other countiits, are
not in the leaft (hocked when they fee a niaji brokt
alive upon the whccL

Mr. Hanway, who travelled ih.it cxtenfivc part <*"
the Ruffian empirewhich lies bttwiin i\tei!hurgl.
and Aftracan, had an opportunity, as u n^ao ol expe-
rience, to make proper remarks on every object lliitt
prefented itlclfto his view, and b(r:n^ well aeqiiain'.-
cd with drawing, he Iketched out the forn.« ui'id tn
the execution cf thofe Tartarian robbeis. All along
the hanks of the Wolga, fniall platforms of wuo^,
like fcaffolds, are built, and in the centre of each is
a pole with great hooks (luck into it. Thefe hooka
a.w aiincft in the form of a gardeners pruning knifi^
with the points Handing upwards, and wiien the thief
is taken, he is ftrip'd naked, and the point of the hook
is driven in between two ,of his ribs, and the poirs
llrotching upwards, it keeps the criminal fo confmcA
to the flake that he is like one nailed to a crofs. 'Jhi;
part of the barbarous ceremony being performei^
the foldiers, who are the executioners, fet the licaf-
lold afloat on the river, and it frequently happen!^
that (ome of thefe wretches will live three ur four
diys under the moA excruciating tortures ; nay it
Ireqtiently iiappens, that fouie of thcin niuU. ilieir
eftape, and aliJiough this may apj^ear rather incrediibl«
to fonii. perfons who never vilited the country,^ yot
we cannot doubt the veracity of Mr. iianway, a man
ellcemcd by the learned, the pious, and indeed bf
all thofe who are not aihamcd of virtue and truth.

When he vifited th.it country, robberies were per-
haps more frequent than they are at prednt, and he
himfelf, although he had a guard to cicort him from
Molcow to Altracan, yet was very ofti n in d.ingcr.
He fau- many of their temporary gibbets flo.iting on
the river, and there were generally a few foldiers t«
take notice of the criminals till fuch time as they ex-
pired.

One day a thief was fixed to the gibbet in the m-in--
ncr already mentioned, and fet aAnat on the river.
This happened about noon, and notwithftanding the ,
fcvcrity of the torture, yet he continued in that
condition till night, when by an unaccountable
exertion of his manual power, he extricated himfelf
from his confinement, and fwam aihore. It was not
enough for hiiri that he had recovered his liberty, near
did he value felf-prefcrvation fo much as the defira
of being revenged on his tormentors. Accordingly
he walked flowly to the place where thiec foldiert
were polled, two of whom werealkep ; and he wrefi-
ed tlie gun from the third, who was not the Icaft
aware of his coming. He foon difpStched thecenti-
nal from whom he had taken the gun, and with the
butt end of it he knocked out the brains of the tw«
others who were afleep. He then went in queft of hia
companions, carrying the three mufquctt with him a*
a valuable acquifition.

From what has been faid concerning thefe barbari-
ans, of whom we Ihali have (lill more to fay when w*
come to treat of Afiatic Tartary, it appears thRt
the Ruffian empire, ii like an unwieldy bodv with x
fmall head. The extent of territory is too large for
government ta take proper notice of tke sojidud of

all

f?6«J

TRAVELS THROUGH ASIATIC RUSSIA.

S7J

Aks

•U the inhtbittntf i and the civil power is ftill weak,
there being yet no fixi-d body of laws, for the pre-
servation ot property and prntrclion oi luciety. 1'his
cxtenfive empire would be greater in po.\er and more
rich in commerce, if its tcrriioiics wurc left, and its
fubjr£)s not fo numerous. It is very probable, however,
that it i* riflng from obfcuriiy, on tiie decline of
fome of the greateft Europr in powers, and it will
acquire glory, as well .-is ilnngili, in proportion to
the virtue of the people.

The late war between the Rnfliuns and the Turks
has been of more fervico to the latter than the f.irm. i .
The Turkilh janifTarics had hi vn long uniK-cuHonud
to war, but heru an unexp'-iited event roufed ihcm
from a (late oi lethar(;ic ftupidity. It was thi; ikfij/n
of the prefent emprefs to eftahlifb a port on the Kuxinc
fea, and from thf-nce to open a pair.ige into the Medi-
terranean. The French apprilVd the 'I'urks of the
deflgn of thcempri fs, and f .rci.!. trom all parts of the
Ottoman empire were brought tu cppofe the Riiflians.
Moft people belirvi'd that tiie Rufliaiis would have
prevailed, but they had a more dangerous ennny to
engage with than the I'urki). The warmth of the cli-
mate, and the luxurious wiy of living, fought and
prevailed .igainft men wh>i h;id been bruu:;ht up and
inured to hardfhips in a <::■'..' niciuntainoi:. country.

It was during this conlli>^t which the Kudian.s had
with the Turks, that a fleet of men of war for the firft
time pafTed through the found, and from thence up
the Mediterraneaa a<; tar as Conllantinople. Very
little fuccefs attended this expedition, far the French
continued to fend afliftance to the Turks, and all the
Ruffians could do after the lofs of m.iny thoufands of
men, was to conclude a peace on the beft 'vrnis they
could. I'he prefent Emprefs continues to £^'\'c all

poflible encouragement to men of learni.ii; to ci;iioan I
ii;ttlc in lier dominions J but wiiai w:tli i!i dirtiieiiee
of religion, and the unfetilcd firm of ()/>■.. ..infiir,
there are hut few that ihul'e to g(j, excpt i.:ch as we
commoi.ly call adventureis, wiio liavi 't; n' Iw.d
habitations in the coiiit-y which t, ive th rn liirh,
thiTikah nations .ililce to ilicni.

The n.ligioii of Riillii is what we ca'' t ,CJ! 'ek,aiul
fecms to refcmblr th:il lum of worfiii,) whicli pi?v...led
in tlie Eaftern church ahuut the ei<;nth c luiiry. Vlif-
ilnnjries from (everal pa.i^ of (ireeec inirodjiid th ir
r'.li_,ion in Mufcoyy :ihi'in the midJli. . f the (.leveiith
century, and in moil ihinj^s th re is bu' litil'- iliUVr-
ente bclv.'een them and the (Jreeks in the 1/ v.nt.
liiey have archbifliops and biliiop^, wit'i euiuepii
both of monks and nuns. Nuite (<f the lecular pii' lis
can be ordained till they are iiiarrird, ard if they
(luiuld marry at'tcr oniainatinn, tlu-y are dei'nUd.
Evwy proteilant who einbr.ices their uliijicn, mull
be re-baplileil hnd anointed with oil, as v. .i, the caf^-
»f the prefent eniprelsami the g'nul JucIkI'*, !i/.h of
whom were brought up Lmnn.ms. They h.u'c valf
numbers of convents ncai MufdW, wlmli was once
the capital city, but there h.'.ve fo many foreigners
fettled at Pcteriburgh that we find not ni..ny of thsni
there except a few for furm fake. O'iginally the great
land-holder!) had power to fell their tenants, but in
eonfequcnce of their progrels in retinen\ent in iran-
ners, that barbarous eurtoin begins to fink into obli-
vion. In a word, Rullia will either become a moll
llourifliing empire, or it will fink under the cNtent of
its dominions. Its internal relources are much con-
traded, and thercfdie prudence and well timed
ceeonomy can only promote the intcrcft of the people,
and fupport the dignity of the lovcrci^n.

TRAVELS FROM ASTRACAN through ASIATIC RUSSIA to CHINA,
BY FATHER AVERIL. the MUSCOVITE AMBASSADORS, &c.

-' "

r : y ■•

THE antient geographers had fo little knowledge
of that vafl extent of land lltuated between the
river Oby and the famous Chinefe wall, th.ic they
either pall'ed it over in filence, or invented fabulous
florics concerning it. Neither have the modern geo-
graphers been more fuccefsful, for mod of them have
told us, that in that vaft country there arc nothing
befldes mountains and defarts. For the difcovcry of
that country we are obliged to the Zapomgian CJackty
a favage body of people, whofe fituation was original-
ly beyond the Borvfthenes. Thefe having been op-
preflcd by the Ruiiians, they formed a refolution to
(hake oft the yoke of fu'ojeiStion, and to cffeiSl this they
inarched in great numbers towards the Wolga, by the
way of Caflan, and from thence to the river Jolifli,
where they built a city, which they named Tobol,
from a river upon which it was fituatid. It was not
long before they extended their conqueits a great way
into the country, but not bein^ able to procure the
nccelTaries of life, they once more fubmitted to the
Mufcovite yoke, in order to carry on a tiade by dif-
pofing of the Ikins of fuch beads as are found in the
country, but notwithdanding their formal fubmilfion,
yet they pay no more regard to the Rullian laws, than
as it fuits their own interefl.

The mod valuable creatures throughout Tartary
are the fable martins, and the manner in which they
are hunted is very Angular. Some companies or
foldiers are fent once in fcven years into thofe provinces
where thefe creatures are found. They arc found in

general in the fniall idands, or on the banks of the
rivers, and the foldiers kill ihem with crofs-bous, left
fire-arms fhould fpoil the fur. As the chief p.iit of
this hunting depends on the activity and diligence of
the liildiers, fo theofTiccrs are obliged to reward thein
with fome of the (kins. Some of thefe officers clear
upwards of four thoufand crowns during the k\i:n
years they are there, and the common folfiicrs fix or
feven hundred, which are vaft fums in that country.
There arc alfo in this country black foxes as in
Siberia, and thefe are confidered ascxticmely valuable.
Formerly the iMufcovites were contented with ordi-
nary furs, except the ermines, which were ufed only
by pcrfons of quality, but fincc the difcovery of tin ic
more precious furs, they have been I'o eager in the
fcar.-h o'' them, that by penetrating every year further
into the country, they have difcovercd the rsiads load-
ing to China. The firll of thefe roads is ; hrouah the
territories of the great mogul, but the vail defarts
being much frequented by riibbers, the journey is
extremely dangerous. All thofe who travel this road
are obliged to go in caravans of two or three thoufand
each, carrying lire-arms and other weapons along with
them for their prcfervation. Several of the French
jefuits have travelled this' road, particularly Father
Averil, to whom we are under many obligations for
the curious difcoveries they have made, and the infnr-
mation they have communicated to all the European
nations. *

Tht

' r

57*

TRAVELS THROUGH ASIATIC RUSSIA.

[1768

The fccond road is that ufcd by the merchants of
n<'cara, who travel through the cities of Samaritan,
K.ihal, Kachcmire, Tourlan, nnd lb on tiirough fr-
vi-ral other cities to Barantola, the moft confidcrable
citv ol j>rcat I'artary. This roail, like the other al-
irady mentioned, is equally dangerous, for there are
many f.iudy ijcfarts, and vaft numbers of Calmuc Tar-
tars, who rub and murder all thulc who are notable
to ikfcnd ijunifclvcs; and yet it is often made choice
of by the Kullians, in preference to any other. The
thud, and that which is moft commonly ufed by thofe
w'lorcgird their prefrrvation, is fiomToboKki', along
the banks of feveral lakes, yielding large quantities
of fait; and this journey fakes up about nine or ten
days before they an ivc rit the great wall of China.
The fourth road is alonj; the banks of the river Oby,
and this leads them to Szelin^ii Khun's rcfidcnce,
which is a journey of about eight weeks, from whence
by n.cans of a fma'l prefent, they procure carriages
and guards to condu(5t them to the great wall.

This is the road the Mufcovites have ufcd ever
fincethey were laft at war with theChinefe, and it is
reckonid the mod f.ilc of any ; for although the
roads are fometimes poftercd with robbers, yet here they
fcldom appear in large bodies ; hut all thofe who tra-
vel along this ro.id, mulf, before they begin their
journey, provide themfelves with water, otherwife
they will be in danger of pcrifliing. The fifth road
is that which Spartavius the Rufllan ambaflador took
to China; he pafl'ed through .Siberia, to the city of
Narczinflci, on the river N.ijunai, and from thence
to Chiria, which is near the entrance into China.
Thi« road is the more fafc, bccaufe the travellers ge-
nerally once in a day meet with the fable martin hun-
ters, who arc well acquainted with the country, and
who fora iniull gratuity, arc always ready to cfeort
them.

The fixtli road islikewife through Narczihfki, and
the country of the Monguls, and from thence to the
Lake Dalai, out of which rifcs the river Argus,
which is navigdblc all along, and joins its current
with the Tumour. Near the Argus are mines of
filver and lead, and the prince, or Taifo, whofe ter-
ritories border upon it, is obliged to find the Mufco-
vitc caravan";, which pafs that way three times in the
year, carriages and horfes.

I'rom Nart/.iiifki, to the Lake Dalai, is a jour-
ney of upwards of a week, and near it we find a pro-
vince, fubjcdt to China, the inhabitants of wliich
cultivate the ground near the lake, and in three weeks
carry pafllngers in waggons drawn by horfet, to the
great gate of the Chinele wall.

And hence it may be proper to fay fomcthing con-
lerning thefe tribes of Tartars who inhabit the coun-
try near the borders of China, and over whom the
Ruffians pretend to excrcife a lovcreign authority.
This account is taken from the writings of the Je-
fuits, who have been indefatigable in finding out new
unknown countries, in order to mal;e converts to the
church of Rome. The firif of thefe arc the Bogdoi,
and their country being of a large extent, they are
divided into feveral tribes, or herds, each having a
particular prince of their own. One of thefe pro-
vinces is called bv '.he Ruffians Dionerfki, and is in-
cloled between the eaftern fea, and the two great ri-
vers tbingala, and Yamour. They were ancir- tly
known to the Chineli?, hut little regarded by them,
till they made an irruption into that empire, and
conquered fix provinces, which induced the Chinefe
to fend for the Youlhcc Tartars to ajfift them j but
thefe fettled the family of Jvina on the throne of
China, and by the piinccs of that family, the em-
pire was governed till I <Sh, when being expelled by
the Chinefe, who enthroned the family of Tayminga,
and they reigned till 1664, at which time the Di-
vughi Tartars .igain invaded China, and made an en-
tire conqueft of that kingdom. Their prince who
took poliinion of the throne of China, was named
Cuncki, and his poflerity arc at this time fnvcreigns
of that empiir:, of whom more fhill be mentioned
fffterwardi,

Throughout the whole country of Bogdoi, and fe-
veral other of the neighbouring provinces, fubjc^t to
Ruflia, all the houlcs are built of caith, and their
trade confifts in exchanging with the Mufcovites fabtet
of martins and black foxes (kins. In their features
they are muih like the Crim Tartar^, but they are
more polite in confequence of conveifing with the
Chinefe. They are all heathens, and worfhip many
different idols, but they have no regular fyflem of
theology. 'I'hey wear croll'es about their necks, call-
ed lamas, and tome of them pretend to pay much rc-
gaid to the Chriltian religion. Probably it had been
once planted among them, but at prclcnt there arc
no remains of it to be found ; for, when the Jefuiti
began to enquire into their fentiments, they found
them extremely ignorant. Their language is a fort
of corrupt Perfian, but they have fixty letters in
their alphabet, and, like the Chinefe, read from tb«
top to the bottom. Their rivers of Argus, Yamour,
and Lhingala, produce great ftore of rubies and
pearls, which they fell to the Ruffians, for things ot
a more ufeful nature, and they know the ufe of gun-
powder, although it does not appear that they avail
themfelves of that deft ru£iive invention.

Next to the Bogdoi, is a vafl extent of land to the
we((, called Mongul, beginning at the ealtern coun-
tries of the river Yamour, and extending vreftward,
to the dominions of the Calmuc Tartars, from whom
they are feparated by great defarts. Upon the fouth
eafl it borders up(m i'urquefton, and reaches to Chi-
na on the eaft. Thefe people live under the govern-
ment of their Taifos', or Khans, but as they are all
of one family tliey live tOfjeiher on the moft amiable
terms, and affift each other againft all their enemies ;
not excepting even the Ruffians themfelves, who
vainly call them thtlr fubjct^s. As they inhabit nei-
ther tow ns nor villages, lb they live moftly on plun-
der, by making excuifions into thofe territories near
the Lake Dalai. As their grounds are watered with
a great many rivers that fall into the Szclinga, they
are very fertile, fit for paftuie, and rich in cattle,
which makes them live on good terms with the Muf-
covites, to whom they pay a fmall annual tribute.
Amongft themfelves they are peaceable, but when it
happens that a quiirrcl arifes, it is referred to the de-
cifion of the judge, whom they call contrifta, and
one of that charaifer attends all their clans when
they go out to war, or to plunder their neighbours.

'rhe Monguls bear a conftant grudge againft the
Bogdoi, ever fince the latter had the addrels to plane
one of their colonies in China, and to give fovcreignty
to that vaft empire. But as they are not acquainted
with the ule of fire arms, fo they are not in condition
to do them any confidetable mifchief, any farther
than to drive away their cattle and fell them to the
Ruffians, and this pra£lice is very common.

One of the chiefs of the Monguls is called Otchi-
ourticane, and he pretends to derive his origin from
the great Tamerlane, and this is not in the leafl im-
probable. I'his prince hat vaft power over thofe w ho
are in pofleffion of fmaller territories, and even the
Ruffians who pretend that he Is ther vafTal, are oft-
en obliged to court his fricndfhip. He lives in great
magnificence, and is ferved with as much ceremony
andgrandeur as the emperor of China. His fubjefis
have no.fixcd habitations, much lefs cither towns or
cities, but live in the fields under tents made of (kins,
and thefe arc very commodious and neat; for as they
lead a vagabond wandering life, they are the quickeft
in the world at encamping. Some time ago otie of
thefe chiefs of the Monguls raifed an army to in-
vade Ruffia, and advanced near to Aftracan. While
he lay encamped in that neighbourhood, he was vi-
tited by a French officer, who found that he h.id no
lefs than one hundred thoufand horfe ; but he con-
tradided the common account* that this prince was
ferved in gold and filver, which would be very fur-
prifing indeed, when we confider that the 1 ariari
h.ive but few artifts among them.

All the inhabitants of RulTian Tartary, are Pagans,

I and

I768J

TRAVELS I IJ ROUGH ASIATIC RUSSIA.

577

and they Have a fuprcmc high prieft, whom they call
Dalac Lama, but this name is a quality, for even
the Dalac is Aippofcd never to die ; which has fome
affinity with the notions entertained by the Egypti-
ans, concerning their (lod Apis, who was no other
than a bull, and when he died another was fublH-
tutcd in his room to deceive the people.

This Dalac Lama, has his temple in the fortref^
of Bcatabac, near the city of Barnntala^ thu metro-
polis of the kingdom of Tunchut j lying between
China and Pcrfia. It is in a manner impofliblu to
dcfcribe the veneration flioivn to him ; all the Tar-
tars /'end preleots to him annually, ami fometimi.-'i
they carry him into Chin,i, where he is worftiipped a!<
a guil. As foon as he dies, his priclls make choice
of one of their own body to fuccecd him ; fo that it
is not a difficult matter fur them to make the vulgar
Tartars believe that he is immortal. It is rather more
than probable, that this Dalac Lama, is no other
than the famous I'rcfter John, of whom we have
read fo many fabulous accounts in hiHory ; and when
we cunfider the {lories related of him, it will be more
rational to look fur his refidence in Afla, than in
Abyfmia, where he certainly never was. To make
this the more evident, it is to be obferved, that when
John II. king of Portugal, had fent Peter de Coulan
to make the difcovery of the pafljgc by fea to the Eaft
Indies, he gave orders in the moft particular manner,
to the faid Coulan, to m.ike an exact enquiry after the
famou:< Prefler John, fo much talked of in Europe,
without its being known in what part of the world he
refided. Purfuant to the king's commands, Coulan
advanced a great way into the Indies, where after the
moll diligent enquiry he poflibly could make, he could
not hear one word of Prcfter John, but on his return
home, coming to Cairo, he was told that in Ethi-
opia, beyond Egypt, reigned a certain potent prince,
a profelled protector of t1ie Chrillians, and that
whenever he appeared in public, he had a crof^ carriH
before him.

As thefe characters bore a near refemblance to thofe
of the prince he was in fearch of, he thought himfelf
fufficiently informed of the truth of what he e.igerly
fought for, and believing this monarch to be the fame
Prellerjohn, king of the Abyfinians, he fent an ac-
count thereof to the king his mafter, containing a
relation of his difcovery. The king received the
news with tranfport, and next year, when his fhips
failed to Africa, he gave orders to make further en-
quiries, and they, upon their return home, fpread
the news through every part of Europe, that they had
found the countryandcity of the famous Prellerjohn j
fo that the {lory was believed, and feveral accounts
were written concerning this extraordinary perfon,
but all {tufPed with the grolTell falfhoods. Father
Kircher juftlyobferves, that none of the Abyfinian
hiftorians make any mention of this Preder John,
and therefore it is reafonabic that we fhould look for
him in Ada.

But this fubjeft is of too much importance to be
flightly palTcd over, cfpecially as we find fomething
of this Prtfler John in mod of the writings of our
ancient travellers, although they generally differ from
each other. Some of the Jcfuits tell us, that the
emperor of the Tartars having fent his fon to con-
quer the LefTer India, which he efFeiftcd, he advanced
with his viiSlorious army, againll the Greater India,
ft that time inhabited by Chriflians, where he was
overthrown by their prince, commonly called Prefter
John. This agrees with what Paul the Venetian,
another Jcfuit, fays on this fubjciS, and he refided fe-
veral years in the palace of the Great Khan of Tar-
tary, and was better acquainted with that country
than the rclt of his brethren. It is certain, that by
Kitay, the RulTi.ins underdand that country which
runs from the Wolga to China; and the only objec-
tion againft this opinion is, that the fubjc^s of the
ancient Picller John, arc faid to have lieen Chrif-
tians, whereas the modern Tartars are r^ll heathens,
except a few Mahometans who relide amoitgll them.

Vol. I. No. 49.

Rut this objeflion is foon anfwered, for if any credit
can bcgivcn to hiftory, there are many nations now
in the world fitting in darknefs under the power of
idolatiy, whole anceltors were uiice illuminated witU
the glorious light of the gofpel. It is gmerally al-
lowed that Thomas the apoille prt.icl.til ilie gofpel
in India ) for there is a province iiutthward of China,
where the inhabitants are Itlll called by wayofjtiifion,
the Difciplcs of St. Thomas, althounli it docs not
appear that they have any vclliges of ChrilKanity left
among them.

Upon the whole, it appears evident that this Pref-
ter John< fo much talked of, was one of the Tartu-
rian princes in the middle ages, fiiice the iiicatiiaiion,
and that he, as well as his fubjedts, had fume faint
notions of Chrillianity, and the name itfclf feems
to have been corrupted by oral traditions among the
ignorant barbarous inhabitants. And as knowledge
decreafed among the Tartars, nothing was more eafy
than for fome ot their prieftn, who were flaves to fu-
perftition, to make the natives believe, that Prefter
John was ftill alive, and as ignorance encreafcd, he
became an ob}e<St of idolatry I

It is true, the Dalac Lama is no temporal prince
at prefent, as Prefter John was of old, but this mult
be the confequence of fome revolution, of which
hillory is filent. He is itiU at the head of religion^
and he is called in the language of the country. Lama,
which fignifies a crofs, and all his followers wear
crofles.

Befldes thefe Tartars before mentioned, there are
feveral other tribes or hordes, fuch as the Ulliaki, the
Bralfki, thejacuti, and the Tonguuffi, who inhabit
about the lakes, betwixt Siberia and the Monguls.
As they fpeak the fame language, and wear the fame
habits as the Calmucs, fo it is probable they are of the
fame original, but having, in their roving manner,
fettled near to Mufcovy, became fubje£t to that em-
pire, rather from motives of felf-intereil, arifing
from the benefit of trade, than with any defign of be-
coming flaves. They are generally of a fwarthy com-
plexion, inclining to an olive colour, with broad flat
faces, high above, and falling in below. Their iiofes
are flat, their eyes are fparkling, and they fufFer their
beards to grow. Their habits arc (heep-fkins, or
flcins of any other animals fewed together, in the
Ihapc of veils, clofc to their bodies, having a cord
about their waifts, inftead of a girdle, whereunto they
fatten their bow and quiver, wherever they go. They
fhave their heads, leaving a fmall tuft of hair on the
middle of the crown, and on their heads they wear a
round bonnet of the fame ftufT with the reft of their
habit, and to the top of their bonnet is fixed apiece
uf cloth in tlic form of a cockade, to diftinguifh the
horde to which they belong. Thofe who live in the
countries where they catch martins, make themfelves
cloathsof their (kins, as alio of dogs (kins, of which
they have vaft numbers.

Sometimes they wear double vefts, and when that
happens, the (kins of the martins, although much
efteemed, are kept within next to the body, and thofe
of the dogs without. And natural fenle in thofe peo-
ple, who are little better than favagcs, points out an
excufe for this part of their conduiS. They fay, that
as the dogs affift them in taking the martins, fo they
are more noble creatures than the latter, and that the
martins, for their cowardice, ought to be concealed,
and the dogs for their boldnefs, expofed to public view.
Here is philofophy, without education, and from thefe
favages we may learn that all the difference between
mortals in the exertions of mental powers, confifts
only in the aids that we receive from human learn-
ing, felf knowledge, and an acquaintance with the
world.

From what has been here faid, it appears evident,
that the Ruflians could be under no great difficulty
in opening a road and eftablilhing a communication
between their own empire and that of China ; for
although it is not an eafy matter to fuhdue populous
nations of favages, yet when thefe favagcs are divided
7 I »»

■?*

S7«

tllAVELS THROUGH ASIATIC RtJSSlA.

[1768

in rm:ill hordes, pnlltical and dcTigning princes can
t-afily lit thiiM agninit caih other. By thefe means
the pou LI o( thtlu hordes is wealccned, and they become
iin lal'y prc-y to ihcif'c who have Handing armies
inured to haidfhips, and acquainted with military
difcipliiici for as the Riiflians know tiic art of war,
and arc acqti tinted with the ufe of guii-puwder, it
could not be fiippofed that thole favaues ftiould be
long able to oppole them', and yet the Ruffians have
never been able luially to fubdue them.

It would be much for tliu intercll of the Ruffians
to erect forts for the deleiicc of their conquells, the
furthcriiioft of which is calhd Albaza, not above three
weeks journey from Peking, although above three
months from Mulcow. It is leatcd on the banks of
the River Yamour, which occafioning a difterence
between the RulUans and the Chincfe about the
privileges of pearl lilhing and hunting of fables,
brokeout at lalHnto a war ; but the Ruflhns confi-
dering the difadvantages they lay under in expofing an
•rmy to he dclhoyed for want of proviflons in fo vafl
a country, thi.>u^ht it moft convenient to accommodate
the matter in an amicable manner, by leaving things
in the fame (late as bi fore.

The Rufltaiis in jauiiieying to the caft, commonly
fet out in the months of February, the fnow being
then hard, and they are drawn by rein deers on
fledges properly conltrucled for that purpofe. They
wait near the borders uf Siberia a few days to fee
whether it will thaw, which if it does, they fail
in boats doAn the River Oby, but if the froft conti-
nues they go on by land to the country of the Olliaks,
a horde of Tartars, under the jurifdidlion of the
Ruffians. Here, if tlic thaw dues not overtake them,
they Lnd bark their carria^^es to Tobolofko, which
they chnni;e f^ir othois, and in order to make the rein
deer run as fall a^ puliible, there is a "reat dog behind
each of the carriages, who barks and (cares the crea-
tures when they begin to be idle. But the moft fur-
prifing thing is, that in the open country all the way
between Siberia and Mount Caucaufus, the travellers
10 eafe their hearts have a method of putting up fails to
their (ledges, which, if the wind be favourable, car-
ries them over the fnow and frtzen rivers. In this
manner they travel over the ice to the River Geneflai,
where the RulTians have built a city of the fame
name. There they take (hipping on the river, which
carries them to two other rivers, Tonguc(n and
Angara, which runs out of the Lake Ba(kala. The
waters of this lake are fo clear, that although very
deep, yet a pcrfon cim fee the (tones which lie at the
bottom. This lake is fiirrounded by lofty mountains,
but although it is not above eight leagues in length,
Mt, on account of Come tronblefome winds, it often
ti.kes them eight days to crofs it.

Having palled the lake, if they intend to go further
by water, they embark in fmall veflels on the River
Schtlinga, which carries them to a city of the fame
name, built by the Ruffians for the convenience of
their caravans ; but when tliey intend to go by land,
they buy dromedaries and mules from the Mongul
Tartars. This b' iti^ one of the principal roads
which the Ruffian meri.hants take to China, makes it
•ippear, that all that country, known formerly by
the general name of Great Tariary, is not fo un-
peopled as many havereprefented it.

They have many fine rivers, v tiich produce abun-
dance of precious commodities, fuch as pearls, ginfong
roots; and in many pirts of the country there is
plenty of rhubarb, caltors, azure-ftone, with fables,
martins, black foxes,and lead mines. The Ruffians have
found out a kind of ivory, which for its whitenefs
and fmoothnefs, furpafl'es any that is brought from
India. Tiii>; ihty are furnilhed with by a certain
amphibious creatiin', called behamoth, round moft
commonly in the River Laka, or near the (hore of
the Tartarian Sea. " I have feen (fays Father
Avaril) feveral of thife creatures at Mofcow, and
their teeth were about ten inches long, and two in
diameter. Thefe teeth are more beautiful than the

elephant's, and they have a remarkable qiii.lity in
rtoi>ping the blood o( wounds. The crcrtuie is'very
lierce, and it requires much labour and trouble to
hunt him. I'he Tartars ufcd to carry along with
them their whole families M the chacc, and it fre-
quently happened that proceeding too far upon the
ice, many hundreds of them have pcriHied.

Among the many rivers that lie beyond Siberia in
Tartary, the four following are the moft noted, the
Oby, the Genc(rai, the Lena, and the Yamour.
The moft wefterly of thefe rivers is the Oby, and it
is extremely dangerous by reafon of the va(i moun-
tains of ice lying at the mouth of it, which prevents
(hips from getting into the fea. 'I'hc next to the
ea(t, is the River GcnelTai, which, beiides the
mountains of ice in common with the Oby, itlabouis
under another inconvenience, that of being incon^-
moded with (even cataraitls or water-falls, which
puts the merchants to va(t trouble in loading and
unloading their ve(rels. 'I'he River Lena has a more
uniform current, but inftead of ice, it is (b much
peftered with rocks and (helves at the mouth, that it is
only paflable for fmall boats. The River Yamour,
the moft eafterly of all, which falls into the fea of
Japan, is not fubjetl to thofe inconveniencies, but
where its waters mix with the fea, there grow fucli
prodigious quantities of bulrufhes, and thufe of fo
large a fize, that the entrance is extremely difficult.

The Ruffian ambaflador who travelled over
Tartary to China, has related many curious
particulars, which will not furprife the reader
that he went in a public charatler, and a numerous
retinue to. attend him. " Walking one day along
the banks of the Pultou, (fays Brand, the fecretary)
we faw at a diftance fome of their huts, and amon)'
them one fome what bigger than the reft, which raifed
mycuriofitytogoand take a view of it, having obtained
leave of the owner for a fmall prefent of bread and
fait. I entered without any ceremony, apd found
three women lying on the ground, who rofe up at
loon as they faw me, and by their geftures, fufficiently
teftllied their diljdeafure, but as I had fecured the
owners good will, I went forward, and took a view
of every thing in the hut. I was afterwards told
that thofe were the wives of one of their princes or
chiefs; but their furniture appeared but little fuitable
to fuch a rank. The only thing wortli notice in the
hut, was their domeftic idol, which they call their
Shdlan. It was made of wood, about a yard in length,
of a moft dreadful afpe^, for its hcaJ being covered
with an iron plate, ic appeared as black as a chimney,
occafiontd by the incenlcthey oft'er to it; befides that,
its garments were nothing but a parcel of woollen
rags of dilTerent colours. One day, the ambaflador
being in a good humour, ordered one of his fcrvants
to bring out a wooden machine, made in the fliape of
a drum, fo curioufly contrived, that it beat by meant
of clock-work within. He immediately fet it a
beating, which fo much frightened the I'artars who
were prefent, that they all ran away; but recolleil-
ing themfelves, they imagined it to be a god, and
returned and worfliipped it in the fame manner they
do their own idols. They begged earneftly that the
ambaflador would let them have it, but he did not
chufe to comply with their rcqucft, left it (liould
encourage their idolatry.

Their manner of devotion is the moft Angular that
can be imagined, for inflead of faying their prayers,
they whiftle thrm, clapping their hands together, and
knocking their heads againft the groun'.* : when they
fwear, they lay their hands upon a bear's (kin, and
each of the parties drinks a cup of horfe's hloo.l.
They have fuch rcfpcdt for their idols, that in r.ll
public entertainments, the firft difhcs are fet before
them, and when th' y ncgledt that cercmonv, t!ioy
believe that the victuals would tot or tu-<. to
worms in their bellies. Their chiefs arc iiuich
addicted to tobacco, and they take it after a m.-iincp
peculiar to themfelves. Having (illeJ tncir ni luihs
with water, they draw the Ihioak from the pipes into

the

i7<;8.j

TRAVELS THROUGH ASIATIC RUSSIA.

571

the \.vater and fwallow it, which is the rcsfon that
frequently at talcing it, tlicy fall down in a lit, but
foon recover iheinfclvcs, and it does not alXcA them
any more at that time.

riie amliaflador having refted himfclf two days at
the vi!lu|jc Buhutfli.1, began his journey througn the
norclic-rn defart, and did not find any houfos in i*
exci'pt a few huts, although it took up eight days fo
crof-i it. At the eallcrn extremity of this defurt.
there is a numerous tribe of Tartars, called Ton-
guclll's, who were formerly reputed for their valour,
but they have been for many years fubjcil to the
Rulfi.ins, and pay an annual tiiliutc. They are, ge-
nerally fpcaking, well proi>uitioiiccl, and have flraiyht
limbs, and there is no dilll-rincc between the drelic!!
of the men, and thulc iit the women. They have a
cuftom which feems peculiar to thcmfelvcs, which is
to ftitch the checks of their children while infants
with black thread, through and through in different
forms folic being like croflls, and others fquare,
or which ever way they chufe, and this they cunlldcr
as a badge of honour and antiquiiy, tranlmitted to
them by their ancellors, and thefe marks they retain
as long as they live.

Their huts are made either of the (kins of rein deer,
or of fome other wild beads, or of the bark of trees,
and in thci'c miferable places they live, enduring the
fevered winters, being inured to cold from their
birth i for no fuoncr are they born, than they are laid
into cold water, in the lumnier, and on the fnow,
in winter. I hefu Tartars, in this province, are di-
vided into three hordes i the liril live by plundering
their neighbours, and they arc very expert horfemen \
the fccond fubfift by hunting, and the third are fo
barbarous, that in their w^ of living, they rcfem-
blc beads, rather than men. Their idols are all of
wood, every one having his domeftic god, or patron,
unto whom they direJi their devotions : but if they
do not obtain what they pray for, they make nothing
of throwing them out of doors, where they muft lay
till they procure an anfwer to their prayers, when
they are agam taken into the houfe, and have an offer-
ing made to them. In all places where five or fix fa-
milies live together,|they jointly maintains Shamman,
or Pried, and at their meetings, this pricit makes
his appearance in a habit, having upon it all the
figures of lyons, bears, ferpencs, adders, and fuch
like, which being made of iron, they fometimes weigh
two hundred pounds, and the pried beats on an in-
ftrument like a drum, while the people make the mod
difmal outcries and lamentations, pretending that they
fee apparitions under the forms of ravens, and fome
oilier birds.

In the mean time the pried leaving his drum, pre-
tends to fall into a trance, which the people confi-
der as a fure fign of his fincerity, and while he re-
mains In that podurc, they believe him to be conver-
fing with fpirits. Notwithdanding their wretched
way of living, they maintain a plurality of wives,
cfpecially the chiefs, who buy the young women from
their parents, for a few rein deer each. He that is
to take .in oath, mud drink the blood of a dog, dab-
bed in the fore legs for that purpofe, and the blood is
fuffered to run out till the creature dies. I'hey nei-
ther bury nor burn their dead, but hang their bodies
upon trees, till they putrifie. The word curfc they
imprecate upon thofe who offend them, is, that they
may be taken into Europe by the Ruffians, and for
ccd to cultivate the ground ; fo that although they
pay a fmall tribute of (kins annually, yet it appears
that the Czars, are rather their nominal than real
maders.

As the ambaffador approached nearer the borders of
China, he dopped at a village, where there was
(liccp and a goat killed, and fixed on a tree with
their heads upwards, being intended as facrificcs to
the heavenly bodies. Mr. Brand, the fecretary, made
fome enquiry into the religion of thofe Tartars, but
all he could learn was, that they were Pagans, wbo
offered a flieep and goat every year, to the Creator of

the Heavens ; and they adored the fun. They arc
very rich in cattle, paiticularly in camels ; whom
they fell to the Rullians, who travel towards China.
In eight days alter they arrived at Udinfliy, a Ruf-
fian fort, and were met a mile from the pl.ice by thu
commanding officer of the garrifon, who treated
lO'm in the mod hofpitable manner. 7'his fort is
.Mated on a hill fortified in the Ruffian manner, ana
i^> confidcrcd as a place of gieat ftrenglh, and the
chief bulwark of the province of Danria ; for although
it has been often attacked by the Mongul Tartars,
yet they have never been able to take it. In this place
the ambafl'ador and his retinue were obliged to remain
three weeks, to provide themfelves with camels and
horfes, and with fuch other neeelVaiies as were want-
ing to condudt them over a great del'art, through
which they had to pafs.

Having procured wh.it they wanted, they entered
the defart, on the 6th of April, with a caravan con-
fiding of 250 men, fome hundre-ils of camels and hor-
les, 400 waggons ; the camels carrying; about 600,
and the horles about 250 weight a piece. As the
Mongul Tartars arc generally abroad in large par-
ties, thofe in the ambafl'adors retinue were obli-
ged to be condantly upon their guard, and for that
purpofe when they pitched their tents at night, it
was done in a circular form, that centinals might be
the more conveniently placed round it, at a proper
didance from each other, to give the alarm to the
others if there fliould happen to be any necelfity for
it. This precaution having put it beyond the pro-
bability of the Tartars doing them any harm, they
foon found themfelves moleded in a manner they lit-
tle expected. The Mongul Tartars being well ac-
quainted with the nature of the country, fet fire t*
the grafs, in order to prevent them from procuring
provifions for their cattle. Several of their horfes and
camels died for want of fubfiftance, which was very
agreeable to the Tongueffes, a certain horde of Tar-
tars, who inhabit that defart, and live chiefly on
horfes flefh, as the mod delicious food in the world.
Thefe Tongueffes, whom the Ruffians call their fub-
jefts, know little or nothing of any civil govern-
ment whatever. They burn the bodies of their dead
with all their moveables along with them, and if
any of them become decripped before they die, they
burn them upon a high mountain, and impale their
horfes befide them. Having eroded the defart, they
came to the city of Nerkin&oy, f'eatcd on the banks
of the river Nedza, where there is a colony of 600
Tongueffes, fettled by Peter the Great, and they
have fortified the place againft the Mongul Tartars.
In this city the ambaffador was obliged to remain two
months, in order to procure carriages and horfes,
having lod a great number in crofSng the defart. Be-
fides the guard they bad already with them, they were
allowed 50 Coffacks, who were to conduft them into
China, and efcort them again into the Ruflian terri-
tories.

Leaving Nerkinfkoy with part of the caravan, they
reached the fame night the Schilaka, which they fer-
ried over, but as this was their general rendezvous,
they were obliged to wait three days, till the red of
the caravan came up.

At lad they arrived, being in all about 6co, and
every one having had his (hare of bread, beef, and
venifon, they proceeded on their journey, for three
days together, through a vad boggy fored, and three
days more through a dry barren dclart, and two days
more through another defart, which brought them to
the river Samur, where they pitched their tents, of
which they had no -more than 50, the road having
been fo bad that many of their camels were not able
to travel. Here they refreihed themfelves, and fetting
out for the city of Arguin, where they arrived in
ten days after, but vecy much fatigued. Kear this
city is a river, from whicli it takes its name, and
the ftream is fo rapid, that it was four days be-
fore the whole caravan could pafs it.' This river is
in fome parts the boundaries between the two em-
pi re*

"»*

it6

TRAVtLLS THROUfJH ASIATIC RUSSIA.

[1768.

piret of China and Kuflia, for the citv of Arguin is
the lafl frontier of the province of Uauria, fubjcA
to the juril'ilictioii uf the RufTunt.

At (he Mungul 'I'artuis arc always roving abroad
for booty, the ainbali'.idors caravan was obliged to
keep a viratchlul eye wherever they went, but as
thdfe Tartars are foi the mod part, punilanimous
cowards, they were not much afraid of them. The
ambaflador difp.itchcd twenty of his Coflacks to the
town of Naun, on the frontiers of China, in order
to know in what manner he was to be received, but
they could not proceed in lei's than four days, bcraufe
the rivers were fo mucli fwellcd, that they had over-
flown their banks, and rendered it dangerous for
thofe Coflacks to attempt paflinK them, although
they are feldom afraid of the muR threatening dan-
gers.

About ten days afterwards the Coflncks, with the
meiTengers that had been fent to the city of Naun,
returned and brought advice to the ambaflador, that
there was a pcrfon nf rank come from Peking, to
meet him and receive him with the honours due to
his rank. While they vtere waiting for the return
of thefe meflengere, a Kuflian convoy came up, con-
fifling of 300 camels. They were returning from
China, where they had been to purchafe goods, and
to dil'pofe of the commodities of their own country.
They fpent two days together, entertaining one
another in the moft triendly manner, for few things
can be more plealing, than for the natives of a coun-
try to meet each other in a foreign land.

Thefe friends having p.-irtcd, the ambaflador with his
retinue proceeded on his journey two days longer
through many fruitful plains, and encamped near
the fource of the river Gull, which is another of the
boundaries, between Afiatic Rullia, and China. For
fevcral days after they travelled through the moft de-
lightful wood, the branches of the trees covering
heir heads. Here were likewife many filbert trees,
and although not fo high as thufe in Europe, yet
they were fo loaded with fruit, that they aflt)rdcd
an agreeable entertainment to thofe jieople in the ca-
ravan, while the camels and horles were refrefhed
hy the fweet grafs, that grew along the fide^ of the
paths. At laff they were received by the Chincfe
meflengers from the emperor; but of'^this we muft
treat afterwards, in our account of the different
travels into th.it extenfive empire.

'1 hofe other parts of Afiatic Ruflia, which we
have not yet delcribed, are fuch as lay near the bor-
ders of Perfia, along'the banks of the Wolga. 'I'he
lirft place dtfcrving our notice, is the ifle of Dol-
goi, which is alf fandy and barren, producing
nothing for the fupport of human life, except what
is brought forth by the fevereft induflry of the in-
habitants, in their gardens, and in fome fmall
fpots of ground. The continent on the right hand
is no lefs barren, but on the left, towards the river
Jaika, are fome very good pofluret. On this fide the
Wolga is a very lung heath, extending feventy
German leagues to the Euxine fea, and another ex-
.tending eighty leagues to the Cafpian fea, the laft of
which generally takes up two weeks to travel over
it. The only thing thefe barren heaths produce,
is f.iit, of which there are many valuable pits, and
it is^ a ufeful article of commerce, for rhe Ruffians
in their dealings with the eaftern Tartars, who
purchafe large quantities of it for the prefervation
uf their fi(h, H|>on which they live great part of
the winter,

. 'J'his fait is baked by the heat of the fun, which
leaves it to f*inv upon the furiace of the water of
about half an inrh (hick, inuch in the form oF rock
cryftal, and in fuch protiigious quantities, that for
the value of a lulf|)enny, one may be permitted to
luke up uf it about furty pounds weight, one cruft
being no fooiier taken on, but another come* up.
This I'ak is much eflcemed, but we do not find that
any of it is feiil into Euni|>e, bcraufe it anfwers the
end of ihe ui.iclunu i.> a belter |)iiri»)fe to fend it
I

"*■<'.

among (he Tartars, who pay (hem for it in the com-
mo<lities of their own countries.

The Wolga b«'twcen Aftracan and the Cafpian fia
abounds fo murh ui(h fi(h, (hat (he gentlemen in
the retinue of the ambafladcrs from the duke of HoU
ftien, bought twelve large carp for (wo-pencc, and 2C0
young fturgeons for half a crown ; lobfters are here
in inhnite numbers, becaufe (he Muicovites and Tar-
tars do not eat of them. I'he numerous ifles in the
liver aflord a great variety of wild-fowl, efpecially
wild geefe, antTwild ducks, which the Tartars hunt
with falcons and hanks ; and in the breeding of thefe
birds, the Tartars are- very ingenious. Thefe Tar-
tars are very much addicted to the hunting the wild
boar, and bcraufe their religion does not permit thim
to cat it, thry fell it to (he Mufcovites.

The fruits here are much inferior to thofe whi<|h
grow in Perfla, hut fome of them are much eaten,
particularly a fort of melons, called Arpus by (he
Tartars, becaufe they are of a cooling nature. The
feeds from which they grow were fiift brought from
the Indies, and the fruit is pleafant both tothc fight,
and the tafte : the rind being of a lively green colour,
the meat of a pale carnation, and the feed black, and
yet for nil that, they are fold as cheap as the worfl of
our apples.

Gr.ipes were but Irtely introduced here by means of
fome I'crfian merchants who brought the firft (ample*
of them to Aftracan, and bring (old to an uld monk,
who happened to be (here on a vitit, he cairii I them
home to his convent, and planted (h(m in his {garden.
Peter the lireat, having tafted fome of llcfe ^rape?,
ordered the monk to propagate th>.m \v 'th unremitting
induftry, which he did fo cftVc^ually, that fome year*
ago when the Holftien ambalia.'. 1 < vilit.d (he place, no
houfe was i.vithout its walks or atbouis of vines. This
turned fo much to the advantage of the inhabitants,
that the landlord where the ambafladors lodged, toM
them, that the year before, the vines ab''>ut his houfe
had yielded him one hundred crowns, and that fome
of the vines in fmall gardens had yielded no lefs than
fixtv pipes of excellent wine.

This monk, whofe name will ever be treated with
rcfpeft in the country, was born in Auflria, in Ger-
many, and being taken prifoner by the Tartars, was
fold to thofe Mufcovite Tartars, and by them to the
Mufcovites. Having embraced the religion of the
Greeks, he turned monk, and became the fuperior
of a convent. He lived to a great age, and was much
efteemed and refpcAcd by all who knew him. And
when any ftrangers came to vifit him, he treated them
with all that his convent could afford, and with fuch
plcafurc as none but the virtuous feel.

The Tartars of Nagalia, near the Wolga, were
formerly governed by their own pritTces, till they
were conquered by the Mufcovites, about the year
1 554, and now there are fo many Mufcovites among
them, that they begin to live on amicable terms,
many of the Tartars having embraced the rdigion
of the Greek church. Thefe Tartars are much
more refined in their manners, and lefs ferocious than
thofe wc have mentioned inhabiting near the borders
of China ; but they ftill retain many of their antient
cuftoffls, fuch as eating the flelh of horfcs, and
drinking the blood of thofe ainmals when they are
taken fick. When they go out to war, they are all
mounted on horfe-back, and when they come to a
deep river that cannot b<e forded, they difmount in
an inftant, and plunging themfelves into the water
with their horfes bridles in their hands, fwim acrofs
with as much eife as if they were marching on
land.

In all that part of Tartary which lay* fouth of
Aftracan along the hanks of the Wolga, the people
in winter alTemble in troops together, and lodge at a
proper diftance from each other, that they may be in
a condition to affift each other againft the Calmucs,
who in that feafon generally pay them a vifit to rob
them ef every thing they can carry away. For this
reafon the RufTians furnilh them with arms and

ammunition

*m t

[

-4ci-. .-.

l76o]

tRAVELS THROUGH LAPLAND.

5il

Lapland nations, the people of which, (ly fioi\)
ftrangir"!, aiut lubfift entirely by liunlinf;.

" We now baittJ our dier with iiiols, whicli
grows here in great plenty, an I rtlreflitil oiirlehes
with (alt-beef and bil'euils, and a dram of branciv,
with which the people ut the lad village had fiirnilhed
us, while our imerpritcr illiied upon vcnifon and
filh. After liaying abjut an hour, our guide eiidia-
voured tomalce'the d.-r go forward, but had ijreat
difficulty to do it, though no Laplander whatever
knew better how to manai;c them. I'his village be-
ing the ufual ftage ol the deer, they are very un-
willing to quit iti our guide, in ordrr to induce
them to move, ufed many ridiculous and luperlHtiims
ceremonies : he went alone into the wood, and com-
ing out a^ain, muttered fome words in the ears
of thel'c animalj, which, whether they underftood
or not, had but little tffedl on them, till he had
played the farce over four or five times, when they
began to proceid, though not I'o fwiftly as before.
We now defcendid the mountain, and at a fmall dif-
tance difcovercd four kilops returning from hunting
in fledges drawn by rein deer, but they returned afide
to avoid meeting us. In lefs than half an hour we
entered a long ivood, in which we heard terrible
bowlings, but faw no licafts of prey. Having pad'ed
the wood, we had another hill to defccnd, at th(- bot-
tom of which was a little village, whither our rattle
conveyed us, and (lopping betorc the door of a cot-
ta^e, gave their ifual lignal with their feet, at which
the mailer madj hU ippcarancr, wliofe friendfhip we
folicicc'd with n piLieof tobacco, and he made us wel-
come: being uicd with our journey, we h.id no fooner
Tupped, than we l.iv down to retl on bear-fkins.

" The next morning, our guide informed us that
wc had travelled forty leagues the preceding day ; but
1 imagine he mufl bcmillaicen, or elle the leagues are
not fo long as they are generally reckoned ; for forty
J^apl.iiiil leagues are equal to i6o of thofe of France.
Our guide likewifc informrd us that we were now in
Mulcovite Lapland ; and having defired him to en-
quire if the inhabitants had any thing to barter for
cluth and tobacco, they produced white, black, and
grey fox-(kins, grey fquirrels and fables, for which
we foon bargained, and paid them chielly in tobacco.
When we had tinilhed our bufmefs, we fat down to
drink with them, and though thty were not quite fo
brutal as lome of the Laplanders, their converfation
was extremely rude and indecent.

" Uur holl here furnidied us with as many fledges
as wc had occafion for ; and we departed about one
o'clock in the afternoon, and went with great fpeed
through different and unlicaten wades, till about fix
in the evening, when defcending a hill, we obferved
two huts under a rock, a little out of the way. Our
guide informed us that they belonged to two Kilop'
who no fooner faw us, than they fled with their wives
and families. After a mod fatiguing journey, wc
arrived about 1 1 o'clock at nignt, at a large village
at the bottom of a hill, by a river fide, and went to
a cottage in the middle of the place, whither our cat-
tle thought proper to conduil us to. The mailer of
the houfe received us with great civility, made a fire
in the middle of the hut to warm us, and treated
us with brandy, dried fidi, and fait venifon, with
fait I'Utter and milk : this was the beft fare wc
had met vvith finreour letting out, and wefhould have
lupped moll fumptuoully h.id we had any bread left,
but our flore was unhappily confumed. Wc were
furprilcd at this fudden change, not having before met
with any fait provifions, which however our guide
would not taflc, but ate fome frefh venifon that he
had brought with him.

" Li the morning we found they had nothing to
trade with, and that they could not ftipply us with
fledges ; upon which we crofied the river, and foon
reached another village, and hired rein-deer and
fledges to carry us to Kola, where we arrived about
noon.

•' Kola is a little citj', fituatc on the fide of a ri

Vol. I. No, 48. '

ver, nciir ten leaguer, from the norih lea, hav'ng a ! irj.'«
loicd and dil.iits to the <a(l, M.uiriTiaiirK' im"ic H'
th' will, and very lii^li mouiil.mis to till- I'cnitli. It
lonfills of one iiKl1ll1.11 lit (Ircct, the ho\i((s(if whii tl
arc built of wood, and very lo'\, but ,uc haiull('Mii.!y
raofid with li(h bonis; .;ihl cm the top dure is a hnl;
hit to let in the light, as luoth.r parts of lyiipl.ind.
The inhabitants ol tlli^ pl.ice, ,iinl in, lied of Mul-
cuvv in genci.d, are (n jcdoiis ol llulr wivts, that
they lock them up to pieveiit their being fci n by
(Irangers,

" J'he pcrfiins with whom we lodged at Kola,'
took all our cloth otV our hands, and i;ave u< in ex-
ihanjjC two lynxes (kins finely ipotttii, three dozen of
white fox (kins, fiiine ermines, and li.ilf a do/.cn of
wyetfras, an animal not unlike a b.Ki:;er, but with
longer and rougher hair, of a dark red colour, and a
tail like a fox (Jur holl likewil'e fu]i|ili;ii us with
fledges to the fide of the river we had lo iaulv palleJ,
and provifions fulficicnt to lall us to Varancjer.

" The next morning, when we weie preparing to
depart, fome of the towns people rnqiiiied ^lullKf
we had any rolls of tobacco Itit ? and being anlweud
in the alBrmative, foon fetched fuismiug!! to pur-
chafe all wc had, except levcn or eiyht mil*, which wc
refcrved to pay our way back to X'arani;! r ; tor to-
bacco is more nccdl'ary to thole who trivel in thi^
wild and unfrequented country, than gold, the [>ap-
landcrs preferring a bit ot the length of one's fiii^ir,
to a ciown-piece.

" The kings of Denmark and .Sweden, and thfi
Czar of Mulcovy, have taxed it lever ly, aiultliio
arecolleiSlors fettled in every frontier town, to guihee
the imports upon it.

" When wt had difpatched our hirfinefs, wc were
obliged, accoreiing to the cullom of tli ■ plae ■, to drink
uith our chapman. They all cntertainc.l us with
brandy, and kept us till two in the afternoon, when
our hod provided us with rein-deer ar.d llcdges,
packed up our furs for us, and fjrnifhcd us « iih bif-
cuit, ginger-bread, and faked rein-deer venifon, be-
fides a fmall runlet of brandy, ^\'e now itoreil our
merchandife in one of our llcdgcs, got into the other
ourfelves, and having drank a bumpir of brandy
with our chapman at parting, fet out on our return
for the village, on the other fide cf t!;e river.

" We arrived at the fird village by fevtn o'c!i)ck,
foon crofltid the river, and went directly to our old
quarters, where our landlord, in hopes of getting
more tobacco, received us veryjoyfullv. He imme-
diately gave us a cup of brandy, and if we chofe it,-
would have provided us with Hedges to goforv\ard im-
mediately ; but we chofc to rt-d ourielvcs till thi;
morning, there being no village for fever.il lea:;ues
from his habitation j upon which he gave us anoth.r
cup of brandy, and alked us to accompany him to
the funeral ot one of his neighbours, who h.id been
dead about four hours.

" This invitation was extremely agreeable to w, a?
we had heard much of their funeral ceremonies ; \va
therefore .ittended him to the houfe of the decialVd,
where wi faw the corpfe removed hv fix of his n cit
intimate friends, from the bear's (kinon whleli he h.;d
expired, into a wooden coflin ; the body being fiilt
wrapped in linen, and the face and hands only beini;
left bare. Li the colhii tlu'v had put brandy, diiid
fi(h and venifon, to lubfiil him on his inurney to hea-
ven ; in one hanil they put a purii; with money in it,
to fee the porter of the gate of Paradile, and in the
other a certificate, figr.ed by a parifh pried, and di-
rettcd to St. Peter, informing him that the bearer had
been a good Chriftian, and ought to be admitted into
heaven ; and at the bend of the coffin was placed an
im.ige drcfled like a pilgiim, which they called St.
Nicholas, who was one of the (even deacons men-
tioned in the adls of the Apollles.

" This St. Nicholas Is greatly reverenced in all
parts of Mulcovy, where he is ("uppofed to be a par-
ticular friend to the dead ; therefore his image is
always fixed near thccmpfe, inllcad of a crucifix.

7 D " " The

r flT t iyjwj r j.m . u gg;

»i

TRAVELS IN RUSSIA AND SIBERIA.

[i:68

*• They fet fir« to fome fir-tree rooti, piloJ up M
a convenient dilUiicc frimi ihc rolBn, wcpi, liowlul,
ami rnaJi- u variety o( (luingc gilliiies, alluiiiin;: a
ihiiuLuid ilirt'eienl atlitiiJes m (hew llie extr.i\.i(;.iniL
t)l their forrow. When tlii> iu)i(c,anil theli" ;.',iHieiila-
tion> W( re over, ihiy ii.irclied Itver.il tiinc« rounil
llie corj't'o ill pn-iflliiri, i.fkiii;; the ilecealiil why he
ilitil? Whuher lie w.i^ .iiii'iv wiih hi^ wil'cf WlKiher
he llixij ill iireil ol 1111,11, drink, nr ( luiihs i \( he h.id
bull uiiriuiiMiil in lidiihir, ur loll liin !;.nne « lien
hunting.' Alter .iIIviiil: iKefe, and a thi'iilaiid nther
<|iultiiili^ Kjiiallv ridkuloii^, tliev reliinud ti.eir
huwiiiit;, (tanipeil with all li.:ns iil diHi.iClinn, while
a priell, uhu altciulcd, tnquently Iprinkled cnnli-
ctated water on the curpl'e and the inourncit alter-
nately.

" Ucing quite wearied with looking on thele bar-
barous rites, we lelt our landlord behind us, and
Teturneil to his cuttagc, where we found his wile.
She had made .1 lallv iVom the place in « liieli her
hulb.ind h.id coiiriiKd her on our arrival, and no
tboner law us, than fiiiipofing he was in our com-
p.inv, would have rciiied to her corner, but oui
inlerprc:er ae<)u. intinp; her that her hulband was at
llie luneral, and would not return for fonic time, (he
came Very willingly among us, examined us all at-
tentively one al';er .uii.hci, appearing !;ood humoured,
r.nd well phalid with u<. When (he had latisfiid
her ciiriofuv, Ihc fat down with u«, and llievvedusa
bonnet of Ik r ov\ 11 uiibroiJerinp, very cutioiidy per-
fumed with tinfel tliread. Alter h.iving tafttd our
pnivifions, but partieulaily the gin{;erbreaJ, which
ihe feemed fond of, and drank two or three L-lallcs of
brandy, Ihc wilhJicw to her place of conlinemcnt,
for fear of her hufband's return, who would have
certainly rcfentcil Iter taking fuch liberty, had he
catched her anKuig us.

•' When the hulband came home, be infiftcd on our
eating and drinking with him, .Titer which ue fmoaktd
a I ipc i and as our guide would touch tuilhing that
was fait, he had a piece of bear's fltfli, which he
broiled on the coals.

" We rofc early the next morn'.njr, and being
furnifhed with convenient fledges, and excellent lein-
dcer, V ere carried at the rate of fix leagues an hcur.
As we were palling between two hills, we law a
Laplander u,oing a hunting, who came up to us, and
fkated on the I'now, which often lies unnultrd till
fuinmer, as faft as wc lode in our fledges, llis (kates,
which were made of the bark of a tree, were (even
feet and a half long, four fingers broad, and flat at the
bottom. His diefi was deer's fkin, embroidered
with tinfel, and he had a girdle of the fame fort round
his waill, a large tjuiver at his back, a dart in one
hand, and a bow in the other, and was followed by a
large black cat. Me kept company w iih us about half
a league, and we parted at the lout of the mountain.
" W'e continued our rout three days, Hopping at
the fame places where we lay before, and meeting
with nothing cxtraurdinaiv. Our cnteitaiiiinent and
method of travelling was exactly the lame as before,
and on the 21ft of .May, about nine o'cloik at night,
wc arrived fafelv at Veranger, having met with no
riccident in the courfe of our journey, and having
been every where treated with the utmoft civility." |

The L-plandrrs throw the dart with fuch di ^tcritv,
that till. V will hit a mark of the li/e r I a crown pun ,
at the liill.ince of thirty pace*, and ilirv are loexpcrt
ill the ufe of the bow and arrou , that ih' v can (hoot »
biid flying in wh,ne\er part tluy think proper; yet
thevare fo aierle to war, that if the King of SwcXn
or iJenmark, or the C/ar of MuUuvy, wants foldiers
from among them, thiy leave their dwelling*, and
(kulk in the woods, to avcid being fi.rccd into the
(erviie.

The women of the Mul'covite Lapland, who are
k pt under greater tediietii/iis than thole of iheothtr
l.aplands, make all thei li,aths for ih'ir hufljandi and
laniilies, which ihjy eiiibroider round the edges with
tinlel thread drawn between their teeth to a furprifinjc
linciiefs. They are handfomr, well (haped, and
good humoiiied, but fo extremely lewd, that they
would give tlicmfi Ives up to the (ir(t comers, if they
were not narrowly watched.

The Laplanders have plenty of fowl, which theyf
feed with the grain of which they make their drink,
and when that is (earce, give them dried fifli. MoU
ot the hearts of L.iplin>l are white, as hares, wolves,
foxes, (ic. but what is very extraordinary, their
crows may h.- compared to fwans lor whitencfs, hav-
ing nothing black about them, but their bills and
feet.

There is a bird of prey in this country, of a deep
pearl c<dour, as large as an eagle, but not otherwilit
relcmbling it than the beak and claws : his head is
like that of a cat, his eyes are red and Iparkling i he
devour;, hares and other fmall game.

They have likewife a fmall cur, which is an ex-
cellent moufcr, and feeds on his prey likcacat, thef*
dogs, though very ugly, are greatly cftccmed : they
arc about a foot long, and four inches thick ; their cars
prick up like thole of a fox, and their he.ids are (haped
like a rat's, the tail curls, and the hair, which is *
light yellow, is \ery rough, and generally (lands aa
end.

Thcfilh, which when dried, the Laplanders ufe for
bread, is called raff; it is very broad, and two or
three yards long ; it is firm, fubrtantial, and except-
ing the fat, has a very good tarte. I'hey have plenty
of other forts of lifh, and though they have an anti-
pathy to fait, yet they boil them in fait water, if they
live near enough to the fca, to get it conveniently.

The rein-dctr, of which we have civen a defer iption,
is a native of this country, and like certain trees,
peculiar to other climates, feems calculated to fupply
in general, the wants of the fimple inhabitants.
The riches of a Laplander confid in the number of
thefe animals that he polfcfles, whi>h are equally
ufeful and hardy, and entirely adapted to endure the
cold winter of the arflic regions.

We met with nothing farther worthy of notice in
Lapland, unlefs we were willing, like fome authors,
to crowd our relation, with an account of the won-
derful forceries of the natives, who when intoxicated
with brandy, are n.aJ enough, by the help of an
inlhument painted with various figures, to pretend
to foretel future events to thofe who are weak enough
to believe them. We (hall therefore clofe this ac-
count, and proceed to a defcription of the Ruffian
Empire.

TRAVELS IN RUSSIA, SIBERIA, &c. by Mr. HANWAY and OTHERS.

RUSSIA owes her elevation to her prefent pitch
of greainefs, to the adtive genius and unremitting
toils of the Czar Peter the third, who (irft began to
mould the rugged natives into men, and brought the
valt unwieldy body he governed into the form of a
growing empire, and an European power.

The ancient fovereigns of Ru(fia, fttled themfelves
great Dukes, and afterwards Czars ; but Peter thr
Great ali'umed the title of emperor, and that title is
allowed by all Europe. The titles of the emperor at
full length are, •• Emperor and ible Sovereign of all
the Ruffians, Sovereign Lord of Mofcow, Kiow,

Waditnirea,

1768]

TfeAVELS IN RUSSIA AND SIBERIA.

ii'/

WBilimirca, NovogroJ, Ciar in Cifin, Aftrawn,
•nd Liberia) Lord ot I'lcflcow) Gmt Duke nf Sinu-
lenfkoi Duke uf I- (llicnia, Livonia, und Carelia i of
Twcria, Ingria, Pcniia, Wiatliia, Bulgaria, and Lord
of I'cveral other Tciritoricii_Gre.it Uuki of Novogrod,
in the low Country of Tftie'rnicko*, Yif.iii, Rnltow,
JarnOav, Hiilu-fcru, Uldoriii, Coiidinia j Lniptror
of all the Northern Part* i Lord ol the 'IVrrilory of

iuwcriai of ihc C.irthulinian, (jt(W/inian, and
Itorijian C/. irs ; of ihi' Kabantiiiian, Circjfri.ni,
and Gorian Hriiiccs ; Lord and Suprinic Rultr ol
ma'hy other Countries and Territories."

.1 he powri of the Kmperor of Ruflia is ai abfolutc
and unlimittcd as poflible. Hcierthe Great publifticd
an ordnaiicr, by wliicli the fuccrlTion was entirely lo
depend upon the will of the r igning fovcrcign ; noi
have they any other written fundamental law, relat-
ing to the fucccfliiin.

The empire of Ruflia i<. boiintlcd on the north and
call by the main, and tovfaid'i the well ami I uth its
limits are fettled by trc-atits, coiuludcd by fiviral tar
diftant powers j with the Swulc-, the Poks, the
Turks, the Pcrfi,in«, and the CliiiR'H'.

The number of provinces comptclicndcd in tl
Empire of Ruflia being very prcat, and many of
them very txtenfivc, it nccilVanly follows, that the
foil and tcmpcraiurr of the air, mull be txtrcniily
various indift'tnnt parts.

In thofe which lie beyond fixty dey;iecs of north
latitude, thrrc are few pL.rcs where corn will grow to
maturity i and in the noilliern pjrls of the empire,
which rc.ich beyond fevcnty di-^rics, no good fruit
arc prndurt'd, cxiipt in the cuuiitry about Archangel
where many bufhes and (hrubs yrow fpontancoully,
and yield Icveral forts of berries. In the neighbour-
hood of that city horned cattle iirc alfo bred, and
there are plenty of wild bcalfs and fowls, and fevcra'
forts of filh.

In the middle province of this empire, the foi
produces moft kind of trees and gardi:n IViiits, corn,
honey, &c. 'I'hey are alfo well Uocked with horned
cattle; the rivers arc navigable, and filled with the
beft kind of fifli, and the woods abound with game.

In the foutlicrn parts of the empire the coUl is very
fcvcrc, and the days in winter are extremely fljoitj
but the fummers are warm and plealant, and even
in the fliortcft nights the twilight is very luminous.

When the day is at the (hortcft at Archangel, the
fun rifcs at twenty-four minutes aftir ten in the
morning, and lets at thirty-fix minutes after one

At Peterlburg, the fun riles at fitieen minutes after
nine, and fets at forty-five minutes after two ; but at
Aftr.ican the fun rifes at forty minutes alter feven,
and fets at twelve minutes after four. At the fum-
mcr folftice, when the day is at the greatcd length,
this order is revcrfcd, and the fun riles at AUracan at
twelve minutes after four, and fets about forty
minutes after feven ; and at Archangel rifes at thirty
fix minutes after one, and fets at twenty-four minutes
after ten.

It IS generally remarked, that the eaftern countries
are much colder in winter, than the welfern that lies
in the fame latitude; this is particularly true with
refpecl to Rullia : for the river Neva, at Peterfburg
is in fome years covered with ice, fo early as the 24tn
of October; and in other years, when latcft, about
the 22d of November, but in general thaws by the
26th of April, old ftyle.

The reader cannot fail of being pleafed to fee the
progrefs of the fcafons at Peteifburg, which is fituated
in fifty-nine degrees of latitude, as given by Mr
Hanway.

February generally brings with it a bright fun and
a clear (ky ; every objcil feems to glitter with gems,
and the nerves become braced by the cold. There is
no fmall amufemcnt in riding in fledges upon the
tiiow, to thole who from the length of the winter
have forgot the much Itipcrior plealure, which nature
prefcnts when cloathed in all her verdure.

March is frequently attended with (howcrs, which
7 .

with the heat of the fun, penetrates the ice; this is
generally three quarteis of a y.trd thi< k on the N<.v,'<
and in fume gieat rivers to the north-ialt, mticli
thicker. This renders it like a hniu v comb, and
about the end of that month, it iiiually bre.iks up.

The month of April is vciy warm j lumn:er liem.
to pifcide the Ipriiigi lor it is lon».iiirtb the hill
ol June before any verdure appeal s, and then the
intmlc heat brings it on lofall, ihii' ihe eyi- can dil-
covcr its progrefs from day to<!..y. Till ilir middle ot
July it feems to be one continued d.iy, the fun not
entirely difappcaring above two hour:> in the twenty-
four.

The rain and froft generally heijins In September,
anil the level uy ol bmh ii cu.k- in (Jilobti, anil ;ii
November ihi rucr Ncrva Is .iKv.iys liu/rn. At this
timeconies on tlic feafon loi an eily »...! cxpeditioun
coiivyaiice on the fnow, by uhic!), h.lh piovil'ions
arc hr' ui^ht to niar>'-t, icoo Kii;;lilh r d , by I nul j
fo thai ui.f of Archanail isofti:n >.ai'.n at I'l;. iftjurg.
The cold IS 10 very inti iil. in Uiccin!),! and J muary,
that the poor, who arc overtaken by 1 ipior, tr expoled
to the air in open plaies, ate treipuntly fri zc to
death : but the great iiii:iiuiiii.s of wuoJ, clileHy birch
and elder, with which the csuntry aliminV, and the
cim'.iiiuilioufnclsof the (fdves, enables ihi !iih..b''.ants
to introduce any (lc;;ree of heat In'othen Louies.

There is not a tenth p.irt of the Ruflian Empire
propeily cultivated, or fufficiently peopled; for not-
witliHanding its prndiijinus extent, the number ot
inhabit ints who pay the- poll tax, is rtckoneil at only
five millions one hundred thoufand ; and the reff,
including the females, are about ten millions,
exclufivu of the inhabitants of the conquered
provinces.

The principal rivers of Ruflia, arc the VVolga,
which takes its rife in the foreft of Walconlii, and is
one of the largcft rivers in the world ; for it run*
.ibovc 2C00 miles before it falls into the Cafpian Sea.
Its banks in moft places are fertile, and though not
fufficiently cultivated, on account of the frequent
incurfions of the Tartars, yet the foil fpontantoufly
products all kinds of cfculent herbs, and afpaiagus
in particular, of a very extraordinary fizr and goodnefs.
This river receives fevcral other confidi-rable ones,
among which are the Occa and Cania, and diftharge*
itlVlf by feveral mouths into the Cafpian Sea, by
which means it forms many iflands.

The Don (or Tanais) has its I'ource not far from
Tulain, the Iwans AfTcro, or St. John's Lake. It
fiilt runs from north to fouth and alur its conflux with
the Sofna, diredts its courfe from well to eaft, and
in feveral large windings, again runs from north to
loutb, but at length diviiling into three channels, falls
into the lea ol Alapli. The Don in its courfe, ap-
proaches fo near the VVolga, that '.n one place the
dillance between them is but a hundred and forty
werfts, or about eighty Englifli mih;«.

Tht Dcvinais a very large river, the n.nme figni-
fies double, it being formed by the conflux of the
Sukona and the Yug. This river divides itfelf into
two branches or channels near Archangel, from
whence its runs into the White Sea,

The Nieper, the ancient Boryflhenes, arifcs from
a morafs in the foreft of Walconfki, about 120 miles
above Smolofki, and forms feveral windings through
Lithuania, Little Ruflia, the country of the Zaporo
Caflaes, and a track inhabited by the Nagian Tartars ;
and after farming a marfhy lake of fixty werfts in
length, and in many places, two, four, or even ten
werfts in breadth, difcharges illVlf into the Black
Sea.

The banks on this river are on both fides generally
high, and the foil excellent; but in fummer the
water is not very wholefome. The Neiper has no
left than thirteen water- laKs, within the fpace of fixty
werfts ; yet in fprine, during the land floods, empty
vcffels may be hauled over them. There is but one
bridge over this river, and that is a floating one, a{
Kiow, 1 6 j8 paces in length. This bridge is taken

away

** ,.,..

.^JJ.. U»«.<V yfj. .

j6o

TRAVELS IN RUSSIA AND StBERlA.

Ui^i'

about the end of September, to give the Aakei of ice
a free palTage down the livcr, and ii ag^in put together
in fpring.

A great number of millt ere^ed in boati, are to be
fcon on this river.

The bke of La.logi, fituated between the gulph of
Finland and the laki- of Onrpi, it cfteemed the large!)
Like in Europe, .ind i« fuppofed to exceed any other
fur it% plenty of lilh, amon,i; which are alfu fcali. It
is 150 miles in length, and ninety in breadth. Thi(
lake is full of quick-fiinds, which being moved from
place to place, by the frequent dorms to which it is
fuhje^, caufc feveral fliclves along it< courfe, which
often proves fatal to the flat- bottomed vellt:ls of the
RufTuns.

This induced I'eter the Great tocaufe a cannt iKai
^oEnglilh miles in length, feventy in breadth, and
ten or eleven deep, to be cut, at a vaft ex pence, from
the fouth-weft extremity of tlii< lake, to the fea.

This great work was begun in the year 17 18, and
though vigoroudy profecuted, was not completed till
the year 1752, ui the reign of the Einpref* Aniie.
There are 25 fluices on this canal, and (i'veral rivers
runintoit. Atthe diftanceof every werft, along its
banks, there is a pillar marked with the number of
werftsi and a regiment of foldiers are conftantly em-
ployed to keep the canal in repair. The molt fruit-
ful part of Ruflia is near the frontiers of Poland,
where the inhabitants have corn enough to fupply their
neighbours. The northern parts arc over-run with
forefts, chiefly inhabited by wild beafts, and are ex-
tremely cold and marfhy.

Fiih is much more common diet than flefli, through-
out the whole nation ; for their fads take u|> near two
thirds of the year, during which they arc abfolutcly
prohibited by their religion to taftf of animal food j
which is obfcrvcil with tlie utmoft ftriiflnels.

A perfon may travel very cheap and cxpcditioufly
both in fummer and winter in Ruflia : the poll-roads
leading to the chief towns arc very cx.iifHy mcafurcd,
with werfts marked, and the poll ftaf>cs fixed at pro-
per diflanccs ; for throughout the whole empire, and
even in Siberia, a pillar i> infctibed with the number
of werlls crciicd at the end of each.

Between Riga .ind Pctcrfburgh, the hire of a poft
horfe for every werft is no more than two copciksand
an half, which is one penny three farthings Ikrling ;
between Novograd and Mofcow, but half a copcik.
Nothing can be im>rc accommodated to cafe and dif-
patch than travelling in (ledges durin'j the winter,
when the earth is covered with deep fnow, and im-
nalTablc for wheel carriages ; for in the journey Mr.
Hanway made in that feafon U om Mofcow to Peterf-
burgh, he flept in his fledge, without waking, while
he advanced too werlls, or 66 Englifli miles.

The whole road betwixt thofe two cities was
marked out in the fnow by young fir-trees, planted on
each flde, at the dillance of twenty yards, which at a
moderate computation, amount to 128,480 trees.
At certain diftances were likewife great piles of wood,
to be fet on fire, in order to give light to the cmprefs
and her court, if they pafTed by in the night.

Hermajeily, on thefc occaflons, is drawn in a kind
of houfe, which contains her bed, a table, and other
conveniences, where four perfoni may take repall.
This wooden firu£lure, which has a floping roof, and
finall windows to keep out the cold, is fixed on a
fledge, and drawn by 24 pod-horles ; and if any of
them fail on the road, there are others ready to fupply
their places.

The late cmprefs was fcldom more than three days
and three nights on the journey, (notwithdanding her
having feveral palaces at which (he fometimes dopped
to refrefh herfelf } though the diftitnce is 488 Englifh
miles : and once this journey was made by Peter the
Great in 46 hours, but he did nst travel in the fame
kind of carriage.

The Ruflian language is derived from the Sclavo-
nian, hut at prefent it is very different from it ; and
with regard to religieui fubjecls, abounds with Greek
Wtrds.

Their alphabet confidt of a4letteri, moft of theia
Greek characters, a> tliey were written in the 91I1
century) but it the latter did not cxprefs e\iti^ par-
ticular found in the Sclavonian language, ricourle
was had to feveral Hebrew letters, and tu the inven-
tion of fome arbitrary figni. Various tlialrtits a/«
ul'ed in the different parts of the Ruffian empire, at
theMufcuvite, the Nurogrodian, the Ukrainian, anJ
that of the Archangel.

The Ruflians prufeft the religion of the Greek
church, which was fird enibraicd by the (treat
Duchcfs Ogta, fovertign of RufHa, in the nine hun-
dred and fifty-fifih year alter the birth of C'hrid.
The external part of ihtir religion confilis in tlie
number and fcverity of their falfi, in which ihty l.ir
exceed the Romifn church. Their ulual wvikly
fadt are on WednclUays and Fridays, In lent, (Ley
neither eat flefli, milk, egg", nor butler; but nm-
tine ihemfelvet to vegetables, bread, and lilh ImJ
in oil.

The Ruflians are great enemies to the wnrfhip uf
graven images, aud yet are lb aliliirdly iiKiinfillciii,
that in their piivate devotions, they kneel IicIkk-j

fii£)ure of our S.ividur, theVirj^in Mary, St. Niiho-
as, or fonie other f.imt, which is an iiuliiji.'iil.ililc
picceof furniture in their ilofet. To lliis thi;y bi>*
feveral times, making the fiijn of the crofs wiih tlivir
thumb, f«ie-finger, and third-finger, on the brciift,
forehead, and ftioulders ; at the lame time lepcaiii.i;,
in a low voice, the Lord's Prayer, and fume Ihorl
ejaculations ; particularly, " Lord he mercifnl unto
me." Indeed they fildom pafs by a church witliuut
uttering thcfe words, at the fame time bowing and
crofling thcmfelves, without paying the le,:d regard
to any pcrl'on who may happen to be within fight.

Great numbers of the common piople, niul even
fome perfons of rJnk, either by way <'f' pen.inre, i>r
fome other motives of Jiumiliation, pioilrate th(m-
felves on their faces at the entrance of the cliurch,
and thofe who arc conlcious of having contr.it'Ud any
impurity, forbear entering the church. The bslU
are often rung ; and as ringing iscouiite^I a branch (*'
devotion, the towns arc provided wiili a great number
of belli, which make, as it were, a continual chi-
min;.

The divine fervice is entirely performed in thi- Scla-
vonian tongue, which the people do not unJeiOaiul,
as it is very different from the mudirn Kuflian \ and
this fervice confifts of abundance of trifling cereimi-
nies, long mafles, finging, and prayers j ;ill whi'h
are perfcinned by the priells, while the peopi-.' onljr
repeat, " Lord be merciful to me." Thiy (i ineiimn
give a leisure from one c>f the fathers ) hui On rear-
few churches in which Arnioiis are ever ddiv.ud, and
even in thefe they pre.ich but fcl.lom. •

In Ruffia there arc a !;rcat number of convents fir
the religious of bolh fexcs ; but Peter the firft, with
the utmod prudence and good policy, ordcrrd that no
perfon (hould be allowed to enter on a monaliic life
before 50 years of agej however, fiiice his death,
this regulation has been repealed, it being thought
proper to fhew a greater condefecnfion to the nionaf-
terics ; hut no man is permitted to turn monk till he
is thirty, nor any woman to commence until ilie v%
50 i and even then not without the exprcfs approbation
and licence of the holy fynod.

Ruffia afl^ords a variety of articles of commercr,
that arc of great ufe to foreigners; and as the exports
of this country farexceed its imports, the balance of
trade is confiderably in its favour. The RuHlan home
commodities are fables, and black furs ; the Iki^s of
blue and white foxes, ermine«, hyaenas, lynxes, lijuir-
rels, bears, panthers, wolves, martini, wild cats,
white hares, &c. Likewife Ruflia leather, coppc:,
iron, ifinglafs, tallow, pitch, tar, linfeed-oil, triin.
oil, rofin, honey, wax, pot-alh, hemp, flax, t'lreiid,
calamancoes, Ruflia linen, fail-cloth, mat«, callor,
Siberian mufk, mamonts teeth and bones, us thfy arc
called} foap, feathers, hogs brifl Us, tiniber, Uc. ta
which may be added th? Chinefe goods, rhubarb, and

»75<»]

t R A V E L 3 IN k r S S I A AND S I B T. K I A

oilier ilnigi, with which (he rcll of Europe ik pjrily
fiipiiliid tiy the Kufluni/

I'hc (r.idc (o China is chiclly carried on hy cara-
variH, aiiJ parily hy private advriKurcrt. 1 he molt
valuable conimuditicK. and (hufe In the greatvll quan-
tity, cariied by the Kulli.in* lu China, are I'urs, in
return lur which they bung back gold, tea, filkn,
cutKin, kc. The iiadc li> Hcrfia, by the way of the
Allracaii and Cafjiian feai, iiconliderabic i and the. re-
turns arc made in raw filks, and filk fluffs. 'I he
trade with the Caliinics, which is entirely in privatu
hands confifl of all kinds of iron and copper iilcn-
fils i in return for which ihcv receive cattle, pruvi-
fioni, and fonieiimes gold and filver t but this trade
ii of no great importance. The trade to Oochara,
one of the chief towns of Ufbic Tarlary, is cither
for ready money, or by bartering of goods >or cund
lamb-flcins, Iniiian lilks, and fometiincs gems broujjhl
to the yearly fair at Samarkand. The traders in the
Ukraine fell all kinds of provifions to the Cnni
Tartars i and alfo carry on a iratle with the Circck
merchants at Conflantinople. The inhabitants ot
Kiow fend cattle and Ruin.! leather to SiUTia.

The Enulifh enjoyed confiderablc privileges in
trade, fo early as the reign of the C/,ar Iwan-Uafilo-
witz, to Whom Captain Chancellor delivered a letter
from Edward VI. in 1553, and received a licenfo to
tridc, which was renewed by Peter the (jreat,

A treaty of commerce was concluded between Ruf-
fia and England in 1742, by which it was (tipulated
that the Englilh fliould be allowed the privilege of

Sending goods through Rufliainto Perfia: but Cnptain
^Itnn, nn Enuliflinun, having entered into the fer-
vice of Nadir Shah, and built ihips for that monarch
on the Cafpian fca, the Ruflians, together with the
troubles of Perfia, put an end to that trade ) however,
the Englifli flill carry on aconfiderable trade toRuflia,
and larger than that of any other nation.

Next to the Englifli, the Dutch carry on the
greatell trade with the Ruflians. Hills of exchange
are drawn at Petcrfburgh or Ainllerdam only, on
which account the traders of any other country than
Holland, who e\vi: commifllon for buying Rufl'uin
commodities at Petcrfburgh, arc obliged to procure
credit, or otherwife to have proper funds at Amlier-
dam.

All the coins of Ruflia, except ducat!:, have in-

fcriptions in the Ruffian tongue. The gold coins arc
mperial ducats i and the largcfl filver coin is the
ruble, the value of which rifes and falls according to
the courfc of exchange. A ruble in Ruflia is equ.il to
an hundred copciks,or fourfhillings and fix- pence ller-
ling. The other filver coins aiehalf rubles, which
are called Potinnics, and quarter rubles. Agraphc,
or griwes, is of the value of ten copeiks ; and ten
griwcs arc equal to a ruble. The copper coins are, a
copeik, which is of the value of about a half-penny ;
or dcnga, or denulhka, two of which make a co-
peik i and a polulhka, which is a quarter of a co-
peik. There are no other foicign pieces current in
Ruflia, except Holland rix dollarii, albert dollars, and
(lucafi.

Mr. Voltaire obferves of the Ruflian empire, that
•' It is of greater extent than all the reft of Eu-
rope, or than the Roman empire in the zenith of its
power ; or of the empire of Darius, fubdued by
Alexander ; for it contains more than eleven hundred
thoufaiid fquare le.igues.

" Neither the Roman empire, nor that of the Ma-
cedonian conqueror, comprifed more than 550,000
each ; and there is not a kingdum in Europe the 12th
p-irt f<> cxtenfive as the Roman empire. In length,
from the ifle of Dago, as far as its inoft eaftern limits,
it contains very near 170 degrees ; fo that when it is
noon day in the weft, it is very near midnight in the
eafternpartof this empire. In breadth, it ftretches
from fouth to north, 3000 werfts, which make 800
leagues."

Mofcow was formerly the capital of this vaft em-
pire, till the Czar thought fit to build it at Pctcrf-

Vot. I. No. 48.

buri^li, by which means he reljlvcd 10 mak<R^;flia4
ciinlidrrable European power.

'I'his city is built on llveral idanJi, wliuh were
nothing more than iiijrlhy IjioIh of mud, over run
with reeds : but the immuit.l Piter, whufe uiidtr-
ukings in every iliiiigcaiiiid a nu)V>>hctni.r of ul.;i
in thini that cm never be fufltcirnrly admired, con>
verted a milir.iblc bog into a hue city.

This city IS ihc (oul of coniiuerce in all ihefe nor-
ihrrti pails i It IS the fnundatum 011 wliicli all the
Rufli.in naval furce has been ere^tid i and the pnrt, on
which moii ili'piiids ih'.'ir nurlery of fiilors, Ai the
I'.im tune it is very dchcicnt a, a ttccpl.iile ol the nun
of war of a great inipire j for the depth oi w:\icr, tlis
frcftinclj of it, till- ducks, yards, every ilnn:' at I'e-
terlburgh, are ayainlt the ule of it f»i that puipule.
The yaidii are Jl Pi-tc-ilburgh, but ill- di|iih of v,jl^t
is lit iiiconliderable, that iioihiiig can be put on bujij
the lirll rale nun of w;ir bifore tin. y are lonvtved tu
Croniladt, which is not c.ifilv dune neither. (Jncc
this work was efllctcd by means ol nmll ixpenfive
machines, but nuw they come without that diflicully
by means of the new canal, which Is nut foconipleic
but infinite attention is nccillary for cunducting
them.

Men of war are not the only vefllls that are built
here ) galleys are much in ufc for the Baltic, but a*
this empire has experienced of laie great changes in
the fyllem of politics, the ufe of galleys varies ac-
cordingly.

A celebrated author fays, •• Galleys are here the
proper thing", be there never fo little watir, there is
always enough fnr them. Thev glide between the
iflands and the rocks ; they can land any where. The
Czar was fenfiblc of it at lal(, and f'nt for galley-
builders from Venice. I met with one of them gieatly
advanced in years, and was not a lirilc furpiifed tu
hear terminations in a. o. in (0 div;rei.s of latitude.
Ihe galleys one fees here, are of difter.-n; li/,es : there
are liiiall ones which carry about 130 rr.en, and others
fome much larger. They arc all armed with two
pirccs of cannon on the prow, and fuiniflu'd with
chace-guns, and fwivcis on the fides. 'I'he Czar
gave to each of them the name of a Ruflian iini.
Now they arc numbered as the legions were ; there
are upwards of 130 of them, and they are to be much
more numerous. By this means an army of 30,000
men are tranfported with great cafe. Rowing is to
the Ruffian foldiers what the exercife of fwimming
was to the Romans. Every foot foldier learris to han-
dle the oar at (he fame time as the mulquct, by which
means, without maritime commerce, and without
embargoes, the Ruflians have always crews reidy for
their galleys. They caft anchor every night, and
land where it is leaft cxpe£ied. When difembarked^
they draw thim up npgn the land, range them in a
circle, with their prows and artillery pointed outward,-
and thus they have in a trice a fortified camp. They
leave five or fix battalions to guard it, and with the
reft of their troops over-run the country, and lay it
under contribution. The expedition ended, they re-
embark, and begin in another quarter. Sometime^
they tranfport their vefli'ls from one water to another
over a flip of land, as was pradlifed by the antienti
on feveral occafions, and particut.irly after the ex-
ample of Mahomet II. at the fiege of Conftanti-
nople.

«« The Swedes can tcftify whether thefc Rufliari
galleys are formidable. They have feen them ravage,
their rich mines of Norkopping, the whole coafts 0/
Gothland and Sudcrmania, and (Lew themfelves evea
before Stockholm."

Pcterfburgh is amazingly increafed within thefc 40'
years : at the death of Peter the Great, it did noi
contain 80,000 inhabitants, and now the Ruffians
affcrt that there are 500,oco, but this is an exaggera-
tion. It covers a very great extent Of land ana wa-
ter. The ftrcets are fomc of them broad, long, »ni
with canals in the middle of them ; and others are
planted in the Dutch faibion} the houfcs are im-
7 E imMclj

$ftj

TRAVELS IW RUK.SfA ANb SlRKRlA.

f'7<il

ftienfcly l.irglf I ihc pilacc^ of ihe niihiliry cxi-rnl Ih
(Ui , ihdif t>r ;iiiyiilv) nnj iIijC of llie cmpr fs it
•n uiii.t/iiu-; Itrui'tiirc ; hill jII i« ^'i ;.inur, Ihry -tre r,i-
ihcr );i(.it ihuii brjutilul i ihr t'wr n .ill ihut lliikiii the
(ye i Aiul tlicit' pr<><lij.'.ii>ii> pilr« .iri; lliiik In Ihiik with
nriuiiiriii.<, that lluu- ii h,iiilly >invlU(li lliiiig »\
judging rf thi'ir pri>|ii>riii>iiii , ilic li.ili.in ardiiuc
luri' i% iMixi'J wiili lilt' Dull. h, .iiiil llir wlmlc Imnii
vcrv liiili yint liiiii.lii^^*, ill uhitli tiiir LilIc lir
himlrll (pared iin puint inrtinUiiii^ it iu Itrmig .m
poliil'lc ; lnr hciiij; at ihf \c'iy («Uniuiy i)f hii ilii-
ftiinion', tlolf 111 hii cncniici tlii' Sni'ilo, aiul npiii
lo.ill the jlf.ick« whirli ate pollililc M .iiilc Irnni hi^
Kiiiopcatt conti''xJi>n<, he in.iJc ,i puint of h.ivin^ it
impri'^i'.ulilo i but hi-rciii hr ciruinly lailtil. 'rhcii-
arc iii.iiiy lum, .inti wh.>lr ni«rr< cmiviMleil into plat-
furiiK, anil lined Irom ciitl to end with grrat |<un).
Thtfe works begin at Croiiftadt, whii h it madi- viry
flronp, .mJ they l,i(i to the city. There in a i-itidaj
rrt;ularly built, .iiid cap.iblv not only of inntet^ting
the cily on one lide, but allu ill'vlt uf tiaiidmg
fie^e.

There arc many public buildingi well worth the
attentiuii uf a tr.ivelirr, paitieularly the dink yardt
and the naval niagrtinet, the arfenal, fnumlry, ;id'
mlialty, &e. without Infiltiiig on the imperial palace,
ihr dihedral, or many churches.

Here is a foundry ; the iron i» brought from Kex-
holin by water, and tlieiiunibcr of cannon and nior-
lais that arc calt here arc very great ; alio cannon balK,
fhells, and all forts of military implemrnts in which
iron is uftd j \vhii.h urc made here «t as fniall an ex-
pence as in Sweden, or any other piri of the world.
I'hc arf. nal is alwayi well lloreii with them ; and
there arc vati qiiantiiies made on a private account fur
exportation, lorming .1 very conliderable briinch of
commerce.

" 'This city, (fays .Mr. Wraxall) is ni yet only an
immmfc oiilline, which v\ill require future cmprclFcs,
and almofl future a|;es to eoinpletc. It DaniU at
nn I nt on a prodiyious extent of ground j but as the
houlcs in ni.iiiy p.iris are nut contiguous, and great
fpaccs are left unbuilt, it is hard to alctrtAin its real
fiZB and magnitude. Devotion has not been wanting
to adi to her ma^nifici nee, and 10 erect |d.iccs of wor-
iliip in almoft every part. Curinfity and novelty have
carried nie to all of them. 'The (jxiernal architec-
ture differrs very little in any ; the Cineks (..eni as
fond of domes, as the Mahoinedans are of minarets in
their churches. 'Th'y ufually encircle one lar^e with
four fmallcr cupulns, and cover tlv-'m with copper gilt,
which has » fine cli'eiit on theeye whi n the fun Ihines
upon ft. The ornaments within ire cdly and bar-
barous : a Mexican temple can hinlly be more fo.
'They furround a daubing of the Virgin Mary and
Jefus, with gi>lil and filvcr heaJ-drcflls, and lomc-
times complete habits, and leave only cxpofed the tiiig-
gers, which the multitude very devoutly kifs. Some
cf thefe ttrange compound tigurcs of paint and me-
tal, arc very laughable, and the poor Madona (cims
like a prifoner in goUkn fettirs. 'Tlie prielts,
«re drcfl'ed id veftnunt"., which very much rel'emble
the Romilh, and aic generally conipofed of tiirue and
cxpenfivc filks. 'The manner in which they perform
the fcrvicc, rather reminds me of an incantation,
than » pmycr offered to the Deity; ni;il they repeat
much of it fo incredibly faft, that one ij tempted to
fuppofc it iinpnliible the auditory can undcrfland one
articulate word the pricft utters, let their attention be
ever fo ftrong.

♦« In the church of the citadel repofe the body of
Peter I, and the fucccdive fovcrrigns fincc bis death j
who are ranged in coffers fide by fide, but have not
any of them marble monuments ercftcd 10 their memo-
ries; nor is there any other motive to induces traveller
to enter this church, except the eonfcioufnefs that he
4>ehold« the wood which contains the afties of Petrr, and
that mingled fentimcntof reverence and pieafure, which
4hc mind may experience from the contemplation of it.

Only one monaich ii excluded, is it unworthy to b«
mloniltrd with his progrnilori .ind prrdrcrfl'nri in thi
throne of Kuffia. This n the Ijtr unhappy |>eier lll,>
who *(lrr his deathj wit i'X(Hifed during (ome diyt in
the nionalleiy of St. Alcxindei Nrwfikoi, ifiwinilri
our of town, to contince Ihe perplc that he hid not
fuliVred any violence, but ended his lite niturally, lie
was afterwards privately interred there. "

'The public building! of difterent kinds ire prndigi-
oiiHy iiunieidus in this cily. Some of them are «one,
but the larner part are only biick, or wood plailjered.
Ihe winter palaces is lompuled of the former matc-
rial^, and waseri-ittedby the late 1- mpreli Elicabclht
It is very large and very heavy j one would have fup-
polid Sir John Vanbuigh Was invoked to lend lii«
aid in the plan uf it, lince iiothinK can moieftrikingl^
releiiible his (lyle. It is not yet quite finiflicj, lik«
almol* every thing elfe in Rullia. 'I'he fitualion il
very lovely, on the banks of the Neva, and in the
centre of the town, conii|;uoui to it it a fnial' paljce,
built by the preiuit Linpiefs, and called, 'Th' Hcr->
mita»c. When her majitty refidc* in ihii part of the
building, (he is in retreat. Thefe aparimcmi art
very elegant, and furnilhcd with great tailc. There
are two (galleries of paintiiigl, which have been lately
pyrchafed at an immenle expcncc in Italy. The crown
is perhaps the rielu II ill Eurspc. It it Ihaned like a
bonnet, and totally covered with dLimonds. The
fcepter is the celebrated one, purcb>iled by Prince
Orloff for five hundred tho'ifind rubiei (a coin
of the value of about four (hillingi ind fix-pence
Knglifh] iuid prefenlcd by him to hit fovereigi\
mi iireft.

'There are two academic* here, one of arts and iht
other of ftiences. 'The prefcnt emprert hat founded
the firlf, which will be, when finilhed, a ru(Krbrdi*
Kcc : it is furniftied with mallcrt in the different
branches of polite letters, and filled with cafls from
the moff renouned of Greek and Roman fculpturc;
but it do<'s not appear that any eminent eeniufci have
arifen, though they have not been witliout ariifts.
Nature feeiiis to have confined perfeAion in thele
elegant and exquilite productions, to certain climates
and people, among whom they fpring fpontancoua
for centuries ; and which are only imperfci^ily copied
by other nations^ where the feeds are not fo happily
dlfpofed, or the organs fo juftly adapted.

Our modern travellers obl'erve that the Thames i$
not comparable to the Neva, in beauty ; and as the
Ifream feii conltantjy out of the L.-ikc Ladoga into
the Ciulf of Tiiilaiid, it is always full, clear, and
perfe(illy clean. Along its banks is the fined walk
in the world. It i* n«t a quay, as veffels never come
to this part, but a parade running a mile in length {
the buildings on which, are hardly to be exceeded in
elegance. It it yet to be continued to double the
Ir.'igth. Over the river in the narraweft part is a
bridge on pontoons. From this noble river, caaalt
are cut to all parts ufthecityi nor rould any fituation
be more favourable to the genius of commerce, if the
inclemency of the latitude did not keep it frozen up at
Icaft five months annually.

" As this place (fays Mr. Wraxall) is the for-
mation of fo few years, it is laid out with great re-
gularity i &<:re is not any thini^ that looks odd, and
much is ftiil imperfcA and unhnilhed. The build-
ings throughout have a very handfome appearance,
and arc lil e every thing clfc, on i larger fcale than if
to be feen '-Ifewbere. The iircets are moftly paved {
but they have a cuOom here of layingin many places
a flooring of timber on the grounti. This was more
common formerly in Mofcow, where, in the frequent
fires they ufcd to have, the ftreet itfelf caught the
flames, and the conflagrations became terrible, at the
houfes likewife are moftly made of wood even at
prcfent." , ^

The trade of Peterfburg is much more confiderable
than that of any other town in the Ruffian Empire;
and would vie in comparifon with many very great
marts in ether parts of Europe} but unfortunately

that

■ I"'

i;Ml

TfcAVELS IN RUSSIA AND SIBERIA.

that viK cnmmtrce ii nine-lrntli< of il carried on in
furcign buttomi. Ihe Dutch alunr load aniiiully
hrre with timber, iron, and all f<iri« ol naval Iturct,
4 ureal many lhi|i<, and the Kni;li(h m.my nicitr.

The cominiKlilie^ Ihcic liatiun • ■ irry Itmii I'ctirl-
burg, .ire lar, bew-wax, pilrh, h iii|'. fli«, li.iihi-r,
(kini, fiira, put-jDiei, timber, pLink, irun, yjrn,
linen, linl-fecd, j<c. and thcU in I'uch <|tiaiili>ie« thai
ihc very balance ol trade ln'twci'ii (ii>^at tiritjiii n!
RiilTia hat been recli<in'-d at 400,'.'. pounds a jiai
Igainit the I'urmcr ; thcaiil"iint <>f the uHt\ ty'tunnicc
mav iherctore be calily con>.t. i- 'I'he royW myy
of rngland i< almult totally rii|>| n J vlth licmp h^rri
i'etcrlburg, great quanlitiei ut iron, and oilier naval
ftorei, and all the (hip|iingin Kngland lilfwilr , ami
this iiiiportation hai incrcai'ed very mucti liner the
Swcdo laid « pruliibition on our niaimraClorirs, l<>
that the importation triiin that country wat reduced to
the few artftle* wliirh necelTuy obliged ui tn hive
from thence i and all the rcll very politically transferred
to RulPia.

The greateft trade at l'eletn)urg i<carrii-d on by the
Knglilh i next in rank ornie the Dutch 1 at to tlic
French, they deal here ai little a« polUbIc \ fur the
two cruwnt arc very far from beinj; on a good footing,
the French and the .Swedes luing in clofc alliance,
they therefore triii- to Sweden for all ihole commodi-
ties whuh F.n|;l iiul git^ (roin Rulfia, lome few ex-
cepted, which are nut to be hid at that marlcc
Notwitliltanuing this, ihev conlunu l.irpe quantities
of French commodiliei in RulPia, hut thd'e come to
them principally through thchandtof the Dutch.

The building this capital h.is had .i very great crtei'l
in Improving large tracks of land in the lunoundiiii;
province). The corn and other provifions hrnu'^ht
hither, and the variety of merchandife exported Irom
hence, employ fome of the moil cunfidcrablc inLintl
navigations In the world. The Neva, the vn at Lakes
of Lagoda and UneK;a ) the Tuerka, the Methi, the
Volcovi, and the Wolga, all thcfc rivers, with many
others, though fome uT them areatacriat diltancc,
keep open a communication between Petcrllnirg ami
thofc noble tracks of country upon the C.ifpian and
Euxinc Seas : but it may be fuppofcd that the greatclt
advantages are made by the people who have nut fuch
a diftance to go ; fo that the products of all the nei^'h-
bouiing provinces arc infinitely greater than thufe of
Others moic diftant.

Next to Fiterfburg the favourite city of I'ctcr was
Azoph, the reafon uf which, was hisdefign of elta-
bliihing a trade from thence through the Thracian
Bofphorus to the Archipelago. 'I'his would not only
have given him greater mercantile advantages than
Pcterfburc, but would have endangered the very being
of the Turkilk Empire i by letting a naval power
of the Ruflians into the very hinrt of Conltantinnple ;
and that Peter defigncd fomething more than com-
merce, we may eafily gather from his forming dock-
yards and naval magazines, at Azoph ; and actually
had (hips of feventy guns upon the ftocks, which
fufliciently (hewed that he intended a naval war
upon the tuxine Sea againft the 7'urks.

The Ruffian Empire is but badly peopled. The
beft writers inform us tbat It contains fevcnteeii
millions of inhabitants, and one million in the con-
quered provinces} but the piefent Lmprefs has in-
creafed the number of her fubjefts many ways, prin-
cipally by a general and very ad)ive encouragement of
all arts, of agriculture, mining, manufaiflures, and
commerce, and this with fuch tSetA, that all of them
are more flourifhing at this time by many degrees,
than they were twenty years ago. And another means
which (he hat taken to increafe her people, has been
inviting foreigners ) thi$ (he has done in a (till greater
degree than any of her predeceflbrs ; almolt from her
acceffion to the empire (he has brought continual
bodies of Germans, Poles, and Greeks Uom Turkey,
to fettle in her dominions, and thcfc not few in num-
ber i from the coaftiof Germany (hip loads, bi4t from
Roland and Turkey, whole town>» villages, and

diOikls, have lift their habitation*, and feiilMl iti
Kulhai not h.is 11 licin tmiy ut ceium tnnt^, but
regular emi|.',raliun«, in conUi|>iciici ol hir oiKiiiiued
(neuura^eiiieni. All ihL ixprnir^ ot Ih )Ouri.' y .ir
voyjge ul tholt lotngii'.rs linin ihcir n..iivt inuiiiiy,
;ire iMirne bv her i (h< teiji ami liippiui> ihem ' y (lie
wjy. Lpuii their urriv,il ui the ii 1 itury appoinlid
llieni Id culiiv..li, (whuh h i« alv ii\> b<eii p.iri .1 tho
erown |jnd») e\eiy lainily li;i> .1 Hu't.ii;. eiiillitl <t her
'"IH'iite, to wliiih th' y » nihi ;hiit.' Ijh.iui ( th. v then
ur. luiiiilhcd Willi implini'iiis nurir.iiv tor lul-
iiv ition, and one year's jrovili 'ii tm (he ^^ Imle i.imily,
and a lui ther ailvinlaf:" i» un ixunp; 11 ft.>ri II '.\\\.t
l(i( tivf yeat^. All whcih IS .1 l> I'.moi Inch ii'niii.i.
bl.policf, in. I titled iiiio ..;. suiinii \ th (ji.h iin-
uluiil ipiiii, ev. " while the tiii;iiuii 11 ihe eii.piic
h.ive been fuih Uiifrelled by iipiiidve v».itH. 'I he
toiitinui! dilordcrf in I'l.l.ud, ami the ,i|i;ireheiil> !is
III I'Mrkey, have caukd many iluml iiiilt cjt lainilus
annually Id ^ .ive then > nintiy, Jii ' make uk- of this
buuiity ut the Linpielv So thai the iiumbei ul the
new comers u ai prel'ent i^ru'er than ■ ver, and
piiimilcs to b'.- fo coiiiMlerihle, lli.it in a tew years,
ll the titiublet in I'oland continue, the increaie of
people will be immenie, and with ihcni e rtaiiily thit
ol tlic pin\er .ind wcj!ih ot the en.pirc. N 1 has any
event ot her reijrn dilcoveud a ^i iter uiiderltaiiJiin;,
than this reguUr favour (hewn in |>iipiilihiin.

The revenues of the Kulfian Knipiie.ire vcrv great,
conlidcriii^ the value of money. 'I'lic Kin|)ril is in
many atiules the lule meich.mt in her djniimons,
'I'hc whole trale by land to Chini i'. un her ac nunt j
this is not inJi-id eoiifulu .Mi , lui :icir:ivin lanly
goes now. Kheub.irh, pot-allie , ;i.ij l|rces, arc
br.inebcs in v\'hich the, and nohuily elle, ti<dcs.
Salt is .in article that biin;:s her an imiiienl'e revenue.
Very large qu.inii tics ol the bed licnipot the Ujsi.iir ur«
bought and fold un her account ) much iron ilia
lame, ai.d even beer and bi.iiuly are hers, Ijeliilet
ihd'e articles, (he has culkms, toll", and .1 pull tax
of three (hillings and li\-pencc a head. I'he crown
lands which arc prodigicufly cxtcniive, bring in a
confulcrable revenue.

We (hall here prefent our readers with fome circum-
ftances lelntive to ihelife and character of Peter the
Great, as feleilled from the belt authorities.

He had the utmoO averiion to rich cloaiht, and liked
no drcfs I'o well is his regimentals : he never wort but
one fuit of embroidery, and thur only fur a fingle d.iy.
It was his cnmniun cutlom in the lummer lime to drive
about the ftrects of I'etcrfburj; in a chair with one
horfc, attended only by a fiiiglc luldier un horfeback.
He has been often lecn in winter, in a common hack-
ney fledge J and it has fumetimcs happ'ncd that he had
not the value of three-pence to pay the tare ; on which
occafions he has not icruplcd to allc the loan of the
money of any perfon whom he knew and aciidently
met. Yet notwilhftanding thefe fecming improprieties,
the fuperiority of his genius, fupported the dignity of
a great monarch.

In the winter fcafon he was ufually at his tribunals
and public o(Hces by five in the morning; and thus
his perfonal attendance and knowledge n( bufinefs,
taught his fubjects their refpective duties, confined
them to thofe duties, and advanced the welfare of the
(late.

Peter the Great was not fatisfied without examining
to the bottom of things, and therefore, indead of
making his people wait on him, he watched them^
l°o that he was but feldom to be found in thu palace.
The care of providing public fcafts for the foreign
niiniffers was committed to Prince Mcnzikoft', fo that
the emperor loll no time in idle ceremonies ; and with
regard to his own diet, it was rather coarle than ele-
gant. He ufed to eat and drink with all forts of peo-
ple, and was often god-father to their children i if hit
god-child died, he has ever, moie than once attended
their funerals.

He was very inquifltive about trade, yet he con-
fcdird it was what he leaft undorftood ; but his eda-

bliflinicnt

tRAVELS IM RUSSIA AND SIBERIA.

frjtl

bliflimcnt of the commerce in St. Petrrfturg, and
brin^lnj; the grealeft part of it from ArchaiiycT; the
premiums he offered to thofie whu Ihuiild find out new
branches of trade ; his fetting up .niiJ cncuuragiiii; new
manufachiries of linen and hemp in his own country ;
the great countenance he gave to foreign nurchanls,
and many other fuch lilce circumft.inces, .ire certain
indications that he underltooJ in many indances, the
means of advancing commerce, as well a^ tlie great
end of it.

This prince made even his pU'.ifures and amufc-
mentsfubfervient tothe important ends of his govcrn-
ment. He had more than once rectived very melan-
choly proofs of the impatience of his fubjcils under
the reformation which he had planned, and was now
accomplifliing i this rendered him extremely fiil'pici-
ous of them. As mens hearts are generally moll
open In their cups, he often drank with them liberally,
fometimcs at court, and oftcner at their own houfes.
His manners fecmcd to be rude, in requiring even the
ladies, upon certain occafions to fwallow goblets of
wine, or other ftronc liquors ; but in this he had his
views : drinicing is (till the vice of RutTi t ; but in this
they condu''^ thcmfclves with ;.iore decorum than they
did formerly.

He had frequent convulfive diftortions of his head
and countenance, contrat'ed by a fright in his youtli,
upon nn occafion when his life was in danger ; but in
iuch cafes it was always the rule of the company he
was in, to look down, or a dificrcnt way, and pur-
fur their difcourfL- without fecming to regard him.

H.- wojI J never lie alone, left any attinipt might
lie MijJe on hi^ lite ; wh.Mi he was not with the cm-
pre:'<, or o'.hrr companion, he ordered one of his
ch.iinb.rlains to Heep with him, which was an un-
romfortabif i'lliiuion to them, as he was very angry
jf they awjk.d him ; tlio' he ufed to grafp them very
h.iril III his flfcp.

His character, as a mafter of exqulfite art, and
aculc ivnigcinent, will iip(>ear from his being able to
in'.pirt his pooj-'le with a contempt of that lordid ig-
norance which had for many ages reigned through
the cduntrv, an.l wliicli he made it his particular care
to b.uiifh. He could not bring this aUuit more cfFcc-
turilly than by ridiculing the fupcrftilious reverence
they entertained for the culfoms of their ancertors ;
with tliis view he ordered a number of drelles of
the fevcral crficers of the crown and court, as were
worn in part ages, and in thefe himfelf, and his vvl\oIe
court appeared in.mafquerade ; by wliich means the
peoiiie were perCuaded, that at Icalt lliey were as wife
as their fontathcrs.

.Mr. Bell in his travels to Dcrbent, in Perfia, has
given us the following "ccount of this great man.

About the middle of OiSober, 1714, (fays he) I ar-
rived at Cronftailt in an Englifli fhip. 'I'he Czar
having notice of the (lii|i's arrival, came on board the
next moinin;; from St, Peterlhiirg ; being attended
only by Ur. Arefltine, who was his chief phyfician at
thai time, and on that occ;ifion, ferved him as inter-
preter.

After his mDJifly had enquired news about the Swe-
difli fleet, 5ic. he ate a piece of bread and chccfe, and
tlrank a glal's of ale, then went on fhore 10 vilit the
Works carrying on at Cronltadt, and nturned the fame
evenin^; in hi.s boat to St. Peterlbuigh ; dillancc about
twenty Englifli miles.

The firft winter after my arrival at St. Petcrfburg,
I lodged at Mr. Noy's, an Englifli' fhip builder in the
C/.ar's fervice. One morning before day-light, my
fervant came and toUl me thai the Czar was at the
door. 1 got up, ..nd law him walking up and down
the yard, the weallur being fcverely cold and frofly,
without any one tJ attend him. Mr. Noy foon tame,
and ux.k him into ihe parlour, where his majefty gave
him fome particular direftions about a Ihip on the
H.H-k.s, which having done, he left him.

His majelly's piifon was graceful, tall, and well
made, clean, and very plain in his apparel. He ge-
nerally wore an tnglilli drab-colour (rotk» never ap-

j praring in adrefs fuit of cloathf, unlefs on great fifti-
vals,- and remarkable holidays ; on which occafioiis
he was fometimcs drefled iu laced cloaths, of which
fort he was not owner of above thice or four fwts.
When he was drcflld he wore the order of St. An-
drew i at other limes he had no badge or n;ark of juy
order on his pcrlbn. His equipage wasfimple, with-
out attendants. In funimer, a foiir-oared wliury was
alwavs attending, to carry him over the liier, it he
Ihould want to crofs it, which he fuquenlly did.
When he went about the town by land, he always
made ufcofanopcn two-wheeled chai(>', jtleuJid by
two foldiers or grooms, who rude before, and a page,
who foiiietimcs Hood behind the chaife, and cfltn liix
with his ni.ijefly and drove him. In winter he made
ufe of a (ledge, drawn by one horle, willi the fame at-
tendants. He found theli: to be the oiuft expiditioui
ways of conveyance, and ufed no other. He was a-
broad every day in the year, unlefs confined at home
by illncfs, which rarely happened ; fo that feldom •'
il ly pafled but he was fecn in alniuil every part of (be
city.

1 have, (fays the author) more than orce feen him
(lop in the (Ireets to receive petitions from perfou*
«ho thought thcmfclves wronged by (Vntcnccs pnflld ia
courts of judicature. On taking the petition, the
perfon was told to come the next day to the lenatc,
where the atFair was immediately (xamined, and de-
termined, if the nature of it would admit its beijig
done in lb fliort a time.

He role almoll every morning in the « inter time be-
fore four o'clock, was often in the cabinet by thite,
where two pri\ate fecretaries, and certain cbiks (wij
conflant attendance. He often went (0 eaily to thel'c-
nate, as to oecafion the fi?nators being raifedoutof
thei' beds to attend him there. When alTembled,
after hearing caufes between fubjcil and ("ubjedl, 01
public affairs, regarding the interior of the em-
pire, re.idbythe (ecretary, and the opinion of the
i'enate recited theieupnn, he would write upon th«
procefs, or u|)on the affair under deliberation, with
his own hand, in a very laconic ilylc, Let it be accord-
ing to the decree of the fcnate ; and fometimes would
add fome particular alterations, fuch as he thought lit
to mention, and wretc Peter under it.

-His majelty knew fo li(tle of relaxation of mind
when awake, that he never allowed his time of reft to
bebroke in upcn, unlefs in cafe of (ire. When any
accident of that kind happened, in any part of the
town, there was a (landing order on its liiil appear-
ance to awake him ; and his majeflv was frequently
the (ir(l at the (ire, where he always remained giving
the nccelTary orders, till all further danger was over.
This example of paternal regard of the Cz.ir for hii
fubjedls was, of courfc, follow cd by all the great of.
(icers, and tliolc of the firtl quality, vvhicii was (ic-
quently the means of faving many thoul'ands of bis
fubjeils from utter ruin, whole hoiilis and goods,
without fuch Angular ailillance, inuit have fliarcJ the
fate of their ruined neighbours.

In aifls of religion he appeared dcv ut, but not fu-
pcrftiiious. I have feen bim at his public devotion*
in church many times. I have been pieUnt w hen his
majidy, not liking the clerk's manner of reading the
pfalni', hath taken the book from the clerk, and hath
lead tliem himfelf I which he did veiy dillinctly, nnJ
wiili proper enipliafis. His niajcfly was allowed by
the bed jmlgcs of the Sclavonian and Rudian lan-
guages, to be as great a mafltr of them as any of the
mofl learned of his fubjccts, whether rhurchnun
or laics. He wrote a very good han.l, very cxpit'i-
tioudy, yet the charaifUis dillinit cnojjgb. As to the
ftyjf, fome of his fecretaries, and other complete
judges of the language a(firnud, that th'-y had never
known any man who wrote more correilly than he, or
could compril'e the fcnfc and meaning of what he
wrote in fo few words, as his majefty.

The following I had from a certain Ru/Tian gentle,
man of very good family, and who was a general of-
ficer of unexcrpiionable charaflcr, in ilig army, who.

rittcnd«4l

t768]

TRAVELS IN RUSSIA AND SIBERIA;

tmdcd hismajefty from his very youth, in all his ex-
peditions. This officer being an oldl'iieiid uf mine,
1 went to |>;iy him ii vilit one tveniny, long alter the
death of Peter the Gre.it, when he told me that lueh
tand Inch officers, niimin;; themy had liinej with him
thut day, and that the principal luhjedt of their con-
verlhtion turned on the actions of their old father (as
he termed him by way of eminence) I'etcr the Great.
He told me further, that ihoui^h his majelty fecnicd to
be fevere on certain nccafions, yet not onf of them all
tould produce or rccciikiit one finj'le inllantc of his
hiving puiiiflKd an horn (I man, or that hehad caufed
any perlbn to fuller any punilhment, who had not
well ileferved it.

He hath been rcprefented as making too frequent
ufe of fpirituous liquors to c;:i;els, which is an un-
merited afpeiliori ; for he had an averliin to all forts,
and to thole too much giien lodrinking. It is true,
he had his times of diverfion, when he would be merry
hinifelf, and lik d to fee others lo ; this may have
been necell'ary, and proper for the unbending his mind
from affairs of gre.it weight j but fuch amufemcnts
occurred generally duiing holidays, and fefiival times,
and was w'th him, at no time of long continuance.
It hath been imputed to him, and not without fomc
appearance of iiafon, that he had political views in e:i-
couraginjj ilriiiisiiij at ihufe times of merriment, for
on thefe occafions, he mixed with the company, and,
converfing with them on the footing of a companion,
had better oppormnities, at fuch times, of difcover-
ing the real frntinientsof tliofe about him, than when
they were quite cool.

li^hole, tt ho by their offices about the perfon of Pe-
ter the tjrcat, might be fuppoled to be the bell ac-
quainted wiih his difpofuion, always difavowed his
»lrini;inij, to accefs i and iiililled on his being a Ibbcr
prince.

During the campaian of the expedition to Derbcnt,
in Pwrlia, he was not"p;iiilty of tlie lealt excels, but
rather lived abftemiouily. In this point 1 could not
be miftaken, as the tent of Dr. lilumenlroft, his
majclly's chief plivficiaii, with whom i lodged, was
always the neareft lent to that of his niajelty. One
inftance occurs in prof of the tempe;;.nce of this
great maUj viz. in our third day's march, on
our return from Derbent, when we were kept in
continual alarms by cciiUderable bodies of moun-
taineers, both horle and foot, whom we faw ho-
vering on the tops of the ailjacmt hills, though they
ilutll not conieilortii to i'.c plain, to attack any part
of our army, yet it «as n.cell'ary to be watchful of
tlijiii, wfiith ill lO'iie nualurc impeded our march.
'I hCLieninj; ot ihit dav, we had a hollow way to pafs,
which took up much time, and obliged the gieittft
part of the army to remain there all night ; fo that
none reached the camp, except the guards, and
fome light horfe who attended his nujetly. On
mv arrival there, about midnight, I found only his
majelly's tent fet up, and another linall one for Mr.
Felton, the Czar's principal cook, and mailer of
his kitchen.

I went into Felton's tent, and found him all alone,
with a large faucepan of warm grout before him, made
of buck-wheat, with butter ; which he told me was
the remains of his majelly's fuppcr, whoatcof no-
thing clfe that evening, and whowasjuft gone to
bed.

During the whole courfe of his life, his majefty
avoided all foitsof ceremony, except on public oc-
cafions. His manner of living in his houfc, was
more like that of a private gentleman than of fo great
a monarch. I was once at court on a holiday, when
the emperor came home from church to dinner, with a
large attendance of his minifters, general officers, and
other great men.

His table w.'s laid with about 15 covers. As foon
as dinner was f.rvi d up, he and the cmprefs took their
places; and his majelty addrcffing hinifelf to the
company, faid, " Cjentlomtn, pleale to take your
places as far as thi tabic will hold, the tdl will ro
Vol. I. No. 48.

home and dine with their wives." On fuch occafions;
ihepiincefllsj hiscluldren, dined in another room,
to whom he lent fuch diihes from his own table, as
he thought proper for their dinner.

Thisgp'at Miuniiicli took all the pains, and ufed :iU
means poffiblc, in order to be intimately acqiiaintei*
with every tiling prupii for a man, who nil d ii.
m'ghlv empire to know, lleeiucrci into the detail of
every blanch ot ait- nfrfiil to mankind ; into th.itot
the maiiulachiries vvhiili rr^nrd the coid'niciion of
Ihips, and fittiii;^ them for the ka; into tdal of the
making of aims, artillery, &c.

If he had a ruliiii; paflioii for any part of thefe ac-
quirements, it mulf have been for lliip-b'iilJiM.', intn
which heentetcd himftif very eurlv, in the quality of
a common workman, with his hatchet, and proceeded
regularly through all the degrees, to the rank of maf-
tcr-builder, which he attained but a few years before
his death.

After he got that length in the art, he maue the
draughts, formed the mouldings, and diucted the
building of fevcral men of war, of the fecond and
third rates, himfclf ; and he duly demanded and re-
ceived his falary as a maifer-buiUler. The day of
launching the Ihips, which he liiml'elf built, he cc-
librated as a holiday, and put on laced cloaths, but
before he went to work, to (hike away ilanchions,
blocks, &c. he always put oft' his tine coat.

He was very frugal in what regarded his pcrfonal
exoences, and tbofe of his hool'eholil. Nctwith-
rtandiiig hisfiugaliiy in what rclatid to hinltlf, he
fpared no cotf, in whateve' concerned the pub'.ic, in
the fltuclure of the men of war, in the ariilUry,.
fortifications, arfenals, canals, &c. all whiih boro
marks of very great mngniricence. ^^or has he fparcJ
in his buildings, and the decoration of his gardens
with ftatucs, grottos, fountains, &c. of which the
buildings of the fummcr p.'.lace, and the gardens of
St. Petcrlburgh, at PeterthotF, .Stre.ilna, Czarfky,
Scalo, and ni..ny others, are I'ufficient proofs.

As his majelty was always very early up in the
morning, he went abroad geneially without breakfaft,
came home to dinner about eleven o'clock ; alter
dinner went to flecp for about an hour ; after which,
if bufinefs did not intervene, he lomctimcs diverted
himfelf at his turning loom ; then went tovifittl.ofc
he had a regard for, as well foreigners as Ruffians,
with whom he would be very fociable, and cafy in
converfation. He Ibmetimes fuppcd with them,
which generally in his latter days, was on hare or
wild-fowl, ro.ifted very dry, he drank fmall-bcer,
and fomctiines a few glafles of wine, .".nd generally
was in bed before ten o'clock at night. He
neither plaid at cards, dice, or any other game of
chance.

This great monarch was at no time, even during
mafqucnides, feaftings, aftemblies, or any other di-
verfions or amufemcnts, by day or night, withoutthe
attendance of I'ome or other of his minifters, and
of thofc who poflefled his confidence ; by which
means bufinefs, and fuch affairs as were of the
grcalcll cunlcqucnce, went on regularly ; and fome
of them were even concerted during thofe times of
relaxation.

Notwithftanding thefe elogiums, there have been
thofe who have pointed out many defefls in the cha-
racter of this great man. They have faid that he wa»
given to intrigues with women, and that he was of a
cruel vindictive temper. As to the firft circumftance,
feveral private anecdotes have been brought forward
in proof it. And as to the fecond charge, it has been
thought fufficicnt to obfcrvc, that he put to death hjA
own ion, though many rcafons have been offered, on
(he other hand in fupport of the policy and ji^ice of
the fentencc. In cffeiil, we arc not to expert princes
to be perlcCl charadlers, and m-ch Icfs are we to ex'
peCt to find fuch perfeClion in the theabfolute mo»
narch of a rude and barbarous people.

We cannot help taking notice here, that his amour-

ous difpofiiion, which It certain times would not

;■ I' adnitt

^66

TRAVELS IN RUSSIA AND SIBERIA.

fi76|

admit of the controul of political confiderations, led
him to the moft fortunate a£lion of his life, when it
bccafloned him to advance an obfcure Livonian to be
thcpartnerof his throne. When this prince ami his ar-
my were furrounded by the Turks at a critical period,'
and Taw no hopes of efcaping their hands, in fpite of
his orders' to be left alone, the Emprefs entered his
tent, and propofed to him the only means of deliver-
ance, which was to bribe the Grand Vifir, who hav-
ing excepted the propofal, after fettling terms with
the Czar, drew off his troops v— — and thus did his
Confort prefervc him from impending deftruition.——
But to return to our traveller, he thus continues
his recital. " As I advanced on my journey (fays
he) I every where made cnq^iiries after liew fettle-
ment.s on the lands belonging to the emprefs ; but
heard nothing of them till 1 got to Twera : there they
told me, that in the foicft of Volkouflcile, about an
hundred miles to the South Weft, was a very large
new colony of poles, fettled at the expence of the
Czarina. I immediately determined to go out of my
way ") view it, thai I might have an opportunity to
fee in ih.it u inner they were fixed, and -a hat a re-
ception thiy mtt wiiS. I got there the l6th, pafs-
ing thi'.iiijh a country, the chief of which is wafte,
beii., citlijr foreit or meadow, but with few villages.
I foun 1 the fettlcment of Poles confifted of about Ooo
families ; and plearcd mc better than any thing I had
feen in Ruflia. Kach family has a finall, but not
a bad houfe, built of wood, and covered with (hin-
gles J a houle as [;ood or better than the gcncraliiy of
imall farm houfes in England, where mud walls
would give foreigners an idea that we were the pooreft
nation in Europe. Behind every houfc was an inclo-
fure of about 50 Englifli acres in one field. The
fence was a ditch and parapet with a row of young
plants for a hedge, that fecnied to be a kind of elm.
Each inclolurc came down to a rivulet, where cattle
might water. Each family had t«o Iheep and a ram
to a certain number, a cow and a couple of oxen to
till the arabic, with a cart and a plougli ; all which
\vas at the em prclTcs's expence, and do not coft what
they do in England. This may be conceived, when
I give the rates. Two oxen for ploughing and cart-
ing come to about five pounds ; a cow to thirty fliil-
lings ; a (hcep eighteen pence ; a plough four fhillingSr
a cart nine {hillings, each houfc coft the emprefs about
twenty-four fliillings, and every family had an allow-
ance of provifion the firll year from the ncighbsuring
county, which coft her nothing ; fo that the total ex-
pence, per family, wasonly eiirht pounds ten fliillings;
and many of the families conlifts of eight or nine pcr-
fons. The farms were all under culture, andfubdived
by the people themfclves : and I obfcrved that thefe in-
ner fences were done exadly in the fame manner as the
furroundingones. Some had four fit^lds, others five, and
fome fix. The land, wlicn they fettled it, was wafte fo-
reft, butnot many trees on it, that yielded a wild and
luxuriant grafs ; it is a red loom or clay. The peafants
culuvate wheat without exception, which they had
been ufed to in Pohnd ; each had one field of it ; alfo a
crop of barley, oats, rice ; with a piece of beans,
and another of turneps. Their farms were in general
in good order, and they feemcd to be extt-emely dili-

Snt and induftrious in their management. Some of
em had vaftly encreafcd on the adjoining forcft :
fome had more than twenty flieep, ten cows, and fix
oxen ; but they had greatVy increafed their farms,
which the emprefs allows, provided the former por-
tion is ail in culture. They all fccmed to be perfectly
happy, being entirely free from all oppreflion by being
the lands of the crown : and there is no doubt but
they will in time yield a fine revenue, without any fc-
vcrity being employed.

" Some ofthem had pieces of hemp, which thrives
with them fo well, that its culture incrcafes among
them daily. I enquired particulary into the value of
an acre, and found that it was worth upon the fpot
from fifty ftiillings to four pounds, which I think is
very confidcrablc, und (hew* that tMv new colonies
6

may prove a fouree of very great wealth and popiila-
tidn.

«' It is extremely evident from this inftance, that
the way of bringing improvements to bear in Rufha,
is not by encouragements given to the peafants, unleft
they could at once be fet as free as in other countries,
which I am convinced already is an impoflibilily, from
what I have (een on this journey j becaufe the nobi-
lity and other land-owners, to whom iht y arc valiiils,
(fceee and opprcfs them 10 fuch a degree, that they can
never be fecure of arty property, iinlefs their encou-
ragement conies from their own lords. Even they
who are not vaffals,' but have pollcffions of their own,
are trampled on by the foUlicry. No improvements,
by giving them a greater degree of liberty, can have
any effedf, unlefs it comes from their lords ; .is in th's
cafe of tlie PoliOi emigrants. The emprefs fixing
them upon the crown lands, they are valVals of tli«
crown, and all the liberty flic chules to give them they
will fecurcly enjoy without any one's il.iiing to in-
jure them in any rcfpeiS ; and as the (ovcieigii can ne-
ver profitably cultivate an extenfive doni.iiii lor her
own account, this is the only me.ins of working im-
provements ; and they cannot fail of proving an.,*l
higly profitable,

" Theft; crown lands are fo amarlngl/ extcnfive,'
that very great things might in thi-; ni:iiiner be done,'
and far more efteiilually than bviteiieral laws, in a
country where the people are fo habituated to (lavery,
that it would be a vain attempt to free them under
all mafters. Thefe 600 families had at once 30,000
acres in culture, befidcs the incrcafc, which by nianf
of them was very confiderahle ; all which will,, in'
procefs of time, yield a great revenue to the crown,-
bcfides the acquihtion of ftrength which the empira
receives by the addition of population, and the amount
of fo much induftry as ;ill thefe people create. After
five years this colony is to pay an annual tent, which
in ten more will he increaleil, and after that remains
a freehold to the Poles, fu! j. cl onlv to that rint.

This colony of Poles have a iiiarket in the mid-
dle of their fetllcmcnt on the great ro.it), where thi
merchants rcfoit to buy their fparc produiSs, hemp,
&c. bringing all tliofe lorts ot coninuditics whicli
they want; and this trade occafruns a circulation
among them, which is highly advantageous. The
report of the indulgence and benefit they have met
with has had great efFe<a: in Poland : fo that they
pointed out to mc a track of land contiguous, wheri
they foon expe£)cd 200 families more.

" I arrived at Mofcow on the 20th, paflincr through
a very fine variagated country, well \v:U(reJ and
wooded, and fprcad in fine pla ns, with many villages,
fcattered through them ; and uiurh appearanre of cul-
tivation : all this country is in the h ndr, of three o*
four nobles, whole ftcwards dircift the management
of it.

This city is the greatcft in the empire ; it was
once ftrongly fortified for this part of the world, but
the fecitrity of the prefent times h.is made every thinj
unneccllary except a wall : it is about fixtccn miles i'l
circumference, and contains about half a million of
inhabitants, till lately the Czars fpent a part of the
year here j but the palace, which is a very indifii rent
one, having been damaged b) (ire, they have not cf
late years been there ; but iiotwithllaiuling, this,-
Mofcow is the rcfidence of a vaft nunib.r of the no-
bility, indeed of three fourths of thole whofe offices or
expectations do not oblige them to attend the courf,
in which inftance there is a greater appearance of li.*
berty than in molt other countries,- for in general, all
the nobility of a kingdom, flock to the feat of govern-'
niont.

" This city is very irregulaily built, but it ia
a beautiful citv ; from the windings of the ri-*
ver, and from many eminences which arc co-
vered with groves of fine tall trees, and front
numerous gardens and lawns, which open to the
water, give it a moft delightful airy a|>pearancc. I
iSlott to lac AOtbinj^ but wooden buul'cs, but waa

agieeably

expec

^7681

TRAVELS IN RUSSIA AND SIBERIA.

is?

tgresably furprifed at the fight of many very fine
febricks of brick and ftone. It is beyond comparifon
a filler city than Petcrlburg. The number of churches
and chaples, amounting it Is faid to 1800, make a
great figure in the printed defcription.of this city ; but
from the appearance of them I IhouM luppofc the h&
falfe, and that out of great numbers very few are
worthy of notice. I faw the great bell, which is the
largeli in the world, and indeed a moll ftupendous
thing it is. They have many other bells in this city,
which much exceed any thing that is to be met with
elfewhere ; the Ruffians being remarkably fond of this
heavy ornament of their churches.

" There is a very confiderable manuf;i<3urc at
Mofcow, of various hemp fabricks, particul:irly fail
cloth and fliccting, which employs ibme thoufands of
looms, and many thoufands of people : the hemp is
mod of it brought from the Ukraine; there arc alfo
grent nunibcrj of confiderable merchants here; who
carry on a very i-xtenfive comnnrce with all pirts 01
the Empire i for there is water carria;;e from licnccto
the Black and C.ifpian Seas, and with but fe.v inter-
ruptions to the Kaliic alfo, >.hich are clrcuinltaficcs
that make it the centre (.f a very irrcat commerce.

" Our authT" fays, Mofcow is much better fituatcJ
for the metropolis of the empire than Peterlburg ;
itisalmoft i.i ilie centre of the mort cultivated pit".!
it, communli.itiiij^ in the manner abovi me. iiionid,
wi'.h tliciliree itil.ind fca , nut at a gieatilHIancj tijm
the moll important provinrc of the rmpiie, the
Ukrr\ine, open 10 th" fou.h' 'h territorl"' on :hc Black
Sea, and hv the means of the rivers Wolga and the
Don commandin;^ an inl.ind navigation of a prodls;!-
eus extent. Its vicinity alfo tv the countries, which
mullaUvayw b,' the feat of any wars vrith the 'rurk>,
the cncniic- 1111)0 to be attended to of all tliofe with
*ho!Ti the Ruffiins made war ; upon the whole
made it iiiiiiiitily a better fituatlon for the feat of
governmei.t, than that of Peterfburgh, which is at the
*ery cxircinlty ol vlie cii.pirc.

" Tlie 23a, (continues he) I left that city, taking

the road toujids the Ukraine. 1 was fortunate in

Having very tine clear weather, and found the roads
«!very where exceedingly good, no autumnal rains
having yet fallen, I got that night to Molafky, the
diflance about fixty miles, nor did I find fuch a day's
journey too mJch for the horfes, the country all this
way is .1 level plain, very fertile, and much of It
well cultivated," with many villages, and in general,
a well priipled territory; the pcafants fccmed tolerably
<afy, but fcarce any of them have any property.
From Mdlafkv, fifty-fix miles carried me the next
day to Arcroify, a fmall town fituated in a territory
fiot fo well p('opled as the preceding; the villages
thinner, and but little of the foil cultivated, being
covered with much timber of great fize and beauty.
f>n the 25th, 1 reached Demetriovitz, at the diftancc
of more th.in fifty miles, every ftep of which, was
acrofs a forelt In which 1 faw not the leaft veftlge of
any habitation; the road was not difficult to find, even
if I had not had a guide, b'ut it is not much fre-
i]ue!if. d ; the m'Tcantile people making that part of
the journey to the Ukraine by water.

" This ir-.mf nfc track of wild country, is patt open
jneadow and part timber, which ivould in England he
thought a g! ilmis fight : the foil is all a fine fand,
and, if 1 m \ ludge from the fpontaneous vitatlon, a
moft fertile loom; fo that nothing is wanting but an
(nduih lous |H-.|iu!ation ; but without that, the whole
territory is of' little worth. I birited the horfts in the
miiiJle of tl": lorcft, and refrcfhcd myfeff and com-
pany , mucii :\;!iniring the uncommon exrerrt of coun-
try that V a , ■..irhout the leail appearance of being in^
habited : I apprehended that the country mud have
B great refenlilance of the boundlefs plains and woods
of Lo^.ifian :.

" The ;ith I rode forty mites through an uninha-
bited plain, to Serenfky ; no timber in It, but all one
level fertile meadow. 1 faw fome herds of cattle feed-
ing »s if wild, but the land wM not a tenth part

ftockcd ; for the graft, if we turned out of the road,
was up almoft to the bellies of the horfes.

" The 2gth, I got to StaradotF, at the diftance of
50 miles, full twenty of which are through a rich
and plearant country, much of it very well cultivated 5
they were getting in part of their harvelt ; they culti-
vate all the grain and pulfe common in England ; and
from what 1 law, I have little doubt but their huiban-
dry IS extremely good."

From Staradoff to Czernicheu is 75 miles. Part
of the track Is as well cultiv tted as that on the other
hdeof ytarndoff, but much of it is covered with the
foreft. Czernicheu is a very well buiit town, finely
fituated on the banks of the river Oefna, which is
navigable for barges of jo tons, is very well fnrtlfied,
and inhabited by about 15,000 people, many of
whom carry on a confidcr.ble trade with Kiovin, and
by the Nieper, with Poland. All the track of coun-
try, which lies upon the riv^r Dr(na, is very rich
;Mid well cultivated. M.iny of the inhabitants of
Czernichcu are Coflack Tartars ; but a traveller has
no more reafon to fear them, than the inhabitants of
;-ny other part of Ruffia, for the government, although
.adder in the Ukraine, and the nei-l,boiirln.r nro-
vince.-, from having heen conquered fnm P.lar.i, is
yet the fame, and the police as dria as any ynt of
the empire.

Kiovia Is the capital of the Ukraine, and eighty
miles from Gzcrnicheu. The road leads on the banks
ot the Dcfna, through a beautiful country, great part
of It being well peopled andcultivated. It is inh.ibitcd
by I artarian dcfcendants ; but the picfent Coflacks,
who have very little idea of hufbandry, come far
from the callvvard, from countries that reach the river
Don, at the diftance of above 1000 miles from hence.
7 he prefent race of the Ukraine area civilized peo-
ple, and the bed hufbandmen in the Ruflians em-
pire.

Kiova is a place well known in the empire ; for
though It has been fiibjeifl to many revolutions, whItU
reduced it to a low ftatc, compared with its former
grandeur; yet it has now recovered all thofe ancient
blows ; It IS well built of brick and ftone ; the (Irects
are wide and ftrait, and well paved ; It has a very
noble cathedn-il, much of it lately rebuilt, and eleven
other churches. It has 40.000 inhabitants, and is
ftrongly tortified. The Nieper is here a noble river ;
and Icveral larger rivers falling into it, after waihin--
fome of the richeft provinces of Poland, enable this
town to carry on a very confiderable commerce. It
IS the grand magazine of all the commodities of the
Ukraine, particularly hemp and flax, which in this
fine province are ralfed in greater quantities, and of i
better quality, than in any other part of Europe.
1 he Ukraine is the richeft province in the Ruffian
empire. Part of if formerly was a province of Po-
land, and the reft an independent fovercignty, under
a Tartaran prince ; but the whole is iiow°» mere pro-
vinccof Ruffia, and much the richeft aequlfition that
crown has made. It is upon an avcia-o 250 mile*
long eaft to weft, and 140 broad from north to
fouth.

The grounds aremoftof them incJofed with ditches^
to fome of which arc hedges, but not to all. They
have fine meadow grounds, which they convert to
hemp, but leave them under grafs for ten or twelve
years before they break them up ; and keep them in a
tillage management as long: upon fome grounds they
have three crops of hemp running.

Fl:ix they alfo cultivate, but they do not reckon it
fo profitable as hemp. In the management of their
cattle they are very good farmers : they have larga
docks, and they houfe them all whenever thefnow is
above four inches deep upon the ground} they litter
them down well with draw, and feed them with hay
or turnips ; cows are their principal Aock, and thry
fell immenfe quantities of outter and cheefe ; tho' it is
extremely remarkable, that not many years ago, they
knew not what butter was. The property of all thi's
country is very much divided } here are very few great

(dues

56S

TRAVELS IN RUSStA A St) SIBERIA.

t'iti

ellatrsbt-loltging to the nubility ; the olJ inhabitants
of the iiiiinti y aro vtry free, ajul have a great equality
arnon:; thtiii ; and tins in |)oliiHioiij as well as other
».iicumttanei.s J aiul forfumti-ly this continues, though
in fubjoit (in to Riiffia. Molf of the peal.mts an lit-
tle farmers, whole f.irrr.s iire Jl tlicir ovvli. They
piv a conliJerihle tribute, but raifc it among them-
iilvcs accorilinj; to their own culloms ; and they
iillc'furnilh theUudian arniits wiUi a great many very
fiiiliilul tK'Diis. Tlufe [Hiints, with the iniinenle
value of Ir.ulo the Rulliani e.ury on by the nicjiis of
th'ir proilucfs, hoii,) an:l llix in particular, render
the prnvinee of the hrit im|iott.ince.

Uiid.1 i< a liiilc town, or rathir a village, prettily
fituateU between two rivers in a coun(ry very plea-
fanr.

To the north -weft is Kordync. Tobacco grows
in tlie neighbourir.i; country j and the Tartars upon
the Black Sea, and the Kalmucks, buy large ijiian-
titic';, and tlity are not fo nice in the feparatiun of the
ibrtf, at the American planter.-. They have large
houle«, hi.;iily run up for Jiyin;^ it. They think tlie
land cannot be too rich for eiilier hcir.p or tobacco,
anil accordingly pl.mt tnem on frelh land,

C.rlr -ine li. v\ ho fuays this vaft empire may be
raii!i:d anioiijr thole wife ufur[Kri whofe policy leads
them by cnaiitin ;; ",ood laws to obliterate from the
iiiemory of thiir lubjeots, the indiretlt means by which
thry arrived at that power they feem difpoltd to tx-
trcil'e foi the j;ood of th-ir people.

When Peter III. had, by his attempts at reforrr.n-
tion, gained the ill will of n. oil of the orders of the
flate, all Kurnjie with alliiiifiiment beheld a wom'an
fvi/.e on the foverei^>n power. Surprilcd with the
news of an infurrcdlioii, which he whom it concern-
ed the mod, was the laft apprifej of, he hflilened
from his country feat to the lea fide, called Unenabe-
ium to take rclu;;? in the foitrefs of CronftaJt, where
he was refufe.l aJmiitancc, and fome guns which
were not charged, being pointed at his bo.it, ilruck
with a panic, he bore off, and after fome friendly
overtures funvndcred himfelf at difcretion. Everyone
knows he died in prifoM, and all may guefs of what
dilorJcr ; though his ileath was attributed to a natu-
ral dillempcr, and his body was expofed to public
view for foiiie time by commaml of the eniprefs.

Mr. Wr.'.xall gives usa ftiortdefcription of the per-
fon of this princti'";, which we fliall prelent the rea-
der in his own words, •ogctlier with fome remarks
of his on hir palace at Pcttrfhoff.

*' As we arrived, eaily, I had an opportunity of
viewing the gardens before her maj.flv's appearance.
They arc very extrnfivc, lying along the fhore of ihc
Gulf of Finland, and watlied by its waters. In the
midll of them Ihmds the palace itfelf, fituatc on an
eminence, ar.d commanJiiiga fine view, it was begun
by Peter the I. but has been enlarged and improved
hv the inipreflef, his fucccffors, fo that it is become
novf very large. In th: front is a canal of fdnieriun-
drctl yards in length, whiih joins the Gulf,/ and
from which three /m ,/ enu are filled, whitb do not
like thole if V'trljilk*, only play on great fciHvals,
'but conftantly through the \car. The apartments
are all very fplendid ; but' my attention was chiefly
engrodkl by the drawing ri>oin, where hung five
matchl'jfa portraits of the foveriigns of Ruffia. They
are all length pieces, but by what malKrs I cannot
fay. Pcttr himfelf is tli.- firl>, and oppofite to him
appears the Livonian villages, v%honi.he railed from
a lOttaLC to the moft unbouiiiied fovereig:i;y. I ftood
for fome moments under this painting in filcnt ad-
miration of the woman, who had paffed from fo hum-
ble a fitualion to an imperial fliadeni, of which her
genius, Iter fidelity, and l'.:'r virtue made her worthy.
She is drawn by the painfr as in middle lilej her
eyes and hair black, her countenance open, fniiling
anti ingratiating, ;;nd her perfoii not (.xeeedlng the
middle f\/'\ The empnfs Amu ftiid t!;zah':tli fill
their refpfctive places in this apartimnt, but did not
long detain me from a portrait of the rii^ning fuvc-

reign, which is of a Angular kind. She is habited in
the RulTian uniform, booted, and fits aftridc on i
white horfe, in her hat is the oak bough, which Jjxr,
wore at the memorable revolution which placed her
on the throne, and which was likcwife taken by alt
her adherents. Her long hair floats in diforder duwi)
her back : and the flu/hing in her laic, the natural
heat and fatigue flic had undergone, is finely defigned.
It is a faithful and exa£t refcmblanee of her drcis and
perfon, as (he appeared twelve years ago, when Ihe
came to Peteilhon-', and fcizcd .the throne of Ruffia.

" While my eyes were /ivittd to ihi> pidture, and,
my thoughts employed on the melancholy catallrophe
ol the unhuppy emperor which fo foon followed, the
emprefles entrance was announced. Shewas prece-
ded by a lung train of lords and gentlemen. I
felt a pleal'ure curro^led with awe as I gazed on
this ex. r.iordiiiaty woman, whofe vigour and policy,
without any right of bloml, has fcatcd and niaintains
her on the throne of the Czars. 'l"houf;h (he is now
became rather corpulent, there is a digniiy tempered
with gi'aeioufnefs in her deportment and maiinir,
which lirlkingly iinprefles. She was habited in a deep
bluefilk with gold ftripes, and her hair ornamented
with diamonds

Another modern traveller draws the charaAcr ol the
einprefs in the following manner.

" The cmprefs (fays he) enrcied more than one*
into converfation with us j and enquired into our
opinions of feveral ubjeJls we had viewed. She is
referved in the manner of her fpccch, but has a nobis
open countenance} with a becoming greatnefs in hcf
air ind carriage. There is nothing lively or pleafing
at court, the whole being but a dull though a fine
I'cene. It is certain that the great wifdom that has
liitherto appeared in all the adlionsand counfels of this
princefi, flows from her own perfonal genius and
abilities.

" I have not learnt that (he has any minifters,
whofe diflinguilhed parts would give one any reafon
tofuppofe the fuccel's owing to them; befidcs, it is
well known here, that the emprefs is very determinate
in her opinion. She alks and hears the advice of her
council upon important afiPairs; but generally follows
her own opinion, which is evident from her adling
diredlly contrary tu the opinion of the whole in two
or three alTairs of confcquence ; and in which the
fuccefs that followed, proved clearly that her own
judgment was far fuperior than that of all her minifters.
.'>hc is remarkable for being quick in her decifions -,
(he never a£ts from long and repeated confiderati-
ons, but determines almoft inflantaneouny, and ex •
ccutes with equal celerity. Such adifpolition is cer-
tainly fitter for the coiidudl of gre.it ailairs, than
one in which more caution, and a greater degree of
prudence appeared : for nothing is fo fatal in tlie
government of an empire, as inconftancy and ir-
refolution.

Under the government of fuch a princefs, there
will be no wonder if theRuflSans fee the fchemesof
Peter the Great, which were left unfinilhed, and
happily completed, and the foundation laid for in-
tirely reducing the power of the unwieldy Ottoman
empire, which has fo long tottered under its own
weight. Catharine has already made them feel the
force of her arms. She has fulficiently availed her-
fclf of the troubles in Poland ; and where (lie has
not (harcd in the partition of provinces, has depopu.
lated whole traits of land in that country, to add to
the number of her fubjcfts in one part of her dumi-
nions, whitll the Tartars in dlltant parts own her
fway i and there remain yet vaft regions capable of
cultivation, and of filling her colTers, and increafing
her power.

I'he palaces of the RulEan nobles are not without
their beauties.

I have made one or two excurfions (fays a modern
writer) into the country, particularly to Gathcliin.i,
a place of prince OrlcfF^, about forty miles off. It is

Ufituitttf in the inuft cligiWc fpo^ within a great diftance
of

t-j^

TRAVELS THROUGH ASIATIC RUSSIA.

5^'

iimmunilion to oppofe the common enemy. This is
the mote niccflurv, bcc.iuf«; if they had not artnsj they
would be in dungcr of b(.'ing murdered, and robbed ot
all they have in (he world j and the Calmucs are
obliged to return loon from their expeditions, left a
thaw (hould take place, and then their journey would
fubjecl them to be attacked by thofe whom they came
to rob. The Tartars along the banks of the Wolga,
who acknowledge the Ruflians to be thtir mailers,
are obliged to furnifli the emprefs, or the fovereign
for the time beini;, with a certain number of troops,
and this they arc to do whether he is attacked in his
own dominions, or makes war upon thole of any
other prince. It is true, rhcy have provinces of their
own } but in order to lUure- their allegiance to the
Ruflians, they are obliged to give up hoftugcs, who
for the moll part are kept confined in the cattle of
Attracan, where they are treated in a princely man-
ner, in order that, when they are exchanged in the
room of others, they may carry home with them a
favourable report to their own country. This is at-
tended with another advantage ; for as many of thefe
hoftages are induced to embrace the Greek religion,
fu when they return home, it is no difficult matter for
them to make converts amon^ their countrymen, and
this is perhaps one of the wileft maxims in the Ruffian
government.

The Crim Tartars are generally low of ftature,
inclining to fat, with large faces and little eyes. 'I'hey
are of an olive colour, and the men have wrinkles,
with (hort beards, and their heads fhaven. The
Inen wear a garment of cnarfe cloth, with a mantle
of fheep-flcin over it, having the woolly fide outward,
and a cap of the fame materials. I'he women arc
tolerable in their fliapes, and they moll commonly
wear a robe of coarle linen cloth, with a coif on their
heads, round about which hang a great number of
the fmalleft forts of Ruffian coins.

The fecretary to the Holttcin ambaiTador fays, that
while he was there, he did all he could in order to find
out their manners and cuftoms.

" They have a cuftom (fays he) of devoting their
children to that god, or idol, who is the objedt of their
worlhip : and if the child is a girl, (he is diftin-
guiflied from others by a ring with a ruby, hanging
from her noftrils ; but if a boy, he wears it in his
right ear. It is not unnecefTary to obfcrve, that
this cuftom prevails in many other parts of the world,
particularly in Perfia.

" They live upon what their cattle, their hawk-
ing, and ilifliing fupplies them with, and their cattle
are exceedingly large. Their fltccp have large fat
tails, with flat nofes, and hanging ears like our^pa-
niels. Their horfes are fmall, but capable of under-
taking any fatigue ; and their camels have two
hunches on their backs, which fcems to be peculiar
to this country and Perfia ; for we did not fee any of
the fame fha|>e in the other parts which we vifited.
Wcmade particular enquiries into theirmanner of liv-
ing, and we found that it was mollly on iifli, dried in
the fun, which they ufe inftead of bread, though the
better arul more opulent fomctimes make cakes of
mcul, rice, and millet, and fry them in oil or honey.
'J'hey eat tjie ftefh of camels and horfes, and they
drinic cither water or marc's milk; but the Utter is
the moll ellcemed, and they treated us with it as a
mark of rcfpeA."

As we proceeded towards the Cafpian fea, we
had frequently occifion to ftop for provifions ; and
no fuoncr did we ftop for that purpofc, than fome of
the Tartarian princes came to vifit us, and prefented
us with all fuch neceflaries as their country could af-
ford, fucli as melons, apples, apricots, peaches, and
grapes, in exchange for which we prefented them with
dittillcd waters and fweet-meats. As we proceeded
farther down the river, we met with ftill greater ci-
vilities, particularly one day, when we were in want
of provifions, we were obliged to fend our ihallop on
(hore, to trv whether the natives would let us hare
any of thole things wc were in need of, but this they
VuL, I. No. 50.

could not do without perniillioii IVniii tl.iir priiitc.
Accordingly we made applie.'.iiou to him, uiul he
came on board our vellel, aiteiiJid liy lorty vionitllics;
and having along with hini iirriilier |>iiiicc, who
feunicd tube his lelatioii. Tl.i: tiiii w.;i ii t.ill, cnineiy
looking nKin, who leeiiud ^itv'ii; twuiiy-tielit \\.ii3
of age, of a hue eomplexiuii, and nieiiy diljmlitioii,
being richly clothed after the tullnun of the Muko-
vites.

We received ihim with found of iruiiip.t*, un-
der the dilcluigc ol three piices uf euuiiuii, <md ht:i.r
a Hay of two hours in tlie :iiiih.iir.<doj's apailiiiinr,
and viewing our vill'el, he was reeriidiickil on Ihoie ;
for although wc had prepar>.d a ciijl.iiion lur hiiri, yet
he politely rcfufcd to cat any of it ; l)iit with the
utmoft condefccnfion oideted liis people lo bring us
what provifions we wanted. His pielents confilled of
rice, millet, and fevcral forts of clued fVuits, with
twenty flitches of bacon, and a great number ot laige
fifhes dried in the linoak, a bariel of bier, and two
or three barrel.i of mead.

Next day the Tartarian prince difired the am-
baiTador would honour him with a Mfit ; and accord-
ingly we rowed our boat to the lhori\ and were re-
ceived by him in the moll polite manner.

We were conducted to an jnartincnt prepared for
us without the city, where wc were met by the prince,
who attended us to an npartnieiit rieliiy hur.; with
tapeftry, which is common in that ei-unuv, Lieeaulc
they purchafe it from the Pcrfians. Thcie w as a no-
ble collati<m of fruits prepared for us, niul we weru
ferved with wines, beer, mead, and ipiiiiuous liijuors
refembling what the Europeans ca.l Geneva, 'i he
prince in the moft humble pollurc drank tlic health of
the Czar ; and fuch was the reCpeft he had en-
tertained for him, that ho would not put on his cap
till he bad drank to all his pnges. Here it was that
we met with the Mufcovite anibaflador, or rather de-
puty ; for although he is called an ambaflador, yet
he enjoys a power fuperior to that name. His buiinefs
is to enquire into the public revenues, that he may
fend an account thereof to Peterfburgh, and accord-
ing to his account of the ilate of afFuirs in the pro-
vince, the taxes are regulated. He docs not cxai^.
the tribute hiinfelf, but another perfon of an inferior
rank is fcnt to do it, who a£ls much in the fame man-
ner as the Roman quxllors, although with much lels
power.

This Ruffian ambaiTador entertained us in the moll
fumptuous manner, for he was a man of experience,
who had been formerly on I'everal embaffies into Per-
fia, fo that he had acquired a very confiderable know-
ledge of the world, and was relpcfted by all thofe
who knew him. After the entertainment was over,
we wanted to take a view of the habitations of the
Tartars without the city, but the Mufcovite guards
would not permit us, it being contrary lo their or-
ders, nor could the ambaflador from that court com-
ply with our requell, unlets he would have gone
beyond the line of his duty.

A few days afterwards, the Ruffian ambaiTador
came on board our velTel, to pay us a vilir, and we
treated him as magnificently as we could, confident
without circumftaiices, being then far from home, in
a ftrange country, and depending for fubfiftcncc upon
people whom we imagined to be fav.-iges, although wa
found them quite otherwife. This ambaiTador was
about fifty years of age, had a moft graceful appear-
ance, and was well acquainted with the Latin lan-
guage, the mathematics, and fevtral other fcienccs »..
and what was ftill more to his honour, he had, during '
hisembafiy, at his leifure hours, begun making dail/
progrefs in every thing that could enlarge his mind
in human knowledge. He was liu well acquainted
with aftronomy, that he couid at any time calculate
an eclipfe, and take the elevation of the pole while
he flood in the fields, or in the ftrcets, to the no fmall
Turprife of fuch of his countrymen as atu«dci
him.

Proceeding flill farther down the Wolga, we
7 ^ cam*

581

TRAVELS THROUGH ASIATIC RUSSIA.

:..'^i-

came to the territories of a prince who was nominally
fiibjrfl to tlie Rufllan!!, hut paid little rrgard to their
govcrninenr. He entertained us witli much civility,
ami coiidudted us to the pbccs where the 'I'artars have
their hxufcs, that wc might be able to form Tome no-
tion of thrmj for he told us that we had been mifin-
formed nith refpcift to many particulars concerning
them. To this we anlwcred, that it was not much lo
be wondered at that we fhuuld be miflnrormed, be-
caufe there being fo many nations of Tartars, wc
fomrtlme. confidered thcni all as one and the fame,
inconffqucnce of the imperfeA accounts that had
been Iranfinittcd to us ; but we were glad to find our-
filvesmiftaken, and for the future would he cautious
how we drew ourconcluftons.

Here it was that we firft obferved that they did
notthrtfh their corn as we do in Lurope, but trod
it out by oxen and horfes, nor did »« meet with a hut
fo mean but it had its hawlc and falcon. In our re-
turn we met " ith or»e of their deputy princes, who
came with his h.iwk in his hand, as did all the reft of
his retinue. He coirpliniciitcd the ambafladors in
the politeft manner, tellini; ihcm, that he was lorry
he hai; not an opportunity of waiting on them at
hnme, that he might have treated them according to
their rank.

The next place we came to was a Ruflian or Greek
chnii'l, and near it was a vilhigc, which the natives
call Zuaii7,uk, a place where vaft numbers of fifh are
l.iken, and ht-rc the Wolga is divided into many
channels, which form fo many illands, all covered
with bu(hes, cane?, and oziers, as indeed is the
preateft part of the coafis of the Cafpian fea. Among
the reft of thtfc iflands, there is one of confiderable
bignefs, on which there is a houfe pretty high, hav-
ing on the top a pole, with the fcull of a fticep fixed
to the fummitof it. They alFured us that this was the
frpulchre of a Tartarian faint ; and that the inha-
bitants who pafs that way, kill a (heep, part of which
is offered up in facrince, the remainder they fcafl
on, and the head is fixed on a pole, where it remains
till it falls off, .ind then another is put up in its
room, and this is the reafon why the Mufcovitcs call
this place, The Tartar's Sacrifice. In the fame
illand area vaft number of huts, where the filhcrmen
refide free from the noife of a tumultuous world, for
if their enjoyments are fmall, their defircs are few,
and they are utterly unacquainted with luxury.

At night we came within fight of another fiftiing
place, fenced in, and guarded by about a hundred
Ruflian foldiers, where we faw a great many dog-fi(h,
or fea-hounds, and a kind of fowl, called by Pliny
onocratabus, with long beaks, round and flat at the
end like a fpoon beaten out, having taken its name
from the nolle it makes like an afs, by putting its
beak into the water. We alfo difcovered a vaft num-
ber of creatures as large as wild geefe, larger than
fwans J their bills about a foot anda half long, two
fingers broad, and forked at the ends. They have
under their bills a b.ig of (kin, which they can con-
tract or extend as they pleafc, and it will contain
three gallons of liquor, and this they ufeas a prefer-
vatory for the fifh they take till they can fwallow them.
^Ve fnot one of them, and it meafured two ells and a
half between the extremities of the wings, and feven
feet from the head to the feet. We alfo faw a kind of
wild ducks much larger than th'ofe in Europe, and as
black as crows, with forked oills, and their feathers
as hard as thofe of crows. The Ruffians call them
braclun, and they never appear but in the night, when
they make a moft horrid noife.

When we arriveil at the mouth of the Wolga, we
found it full of fmall i (lands covered with reeds and
canes, and thefe iflanil. extend fix leagues into the
fea, which has given •rife to a proverbial expreffion
an.ong the natives, " That the Wolga has fix
mouths." With relpca to ourfelves, we found we
had many difficulties to encounter, for the bottom vas
all muddy, with (hallow water not above four or five
feet deep ; fo that in fcvtn days wr did not advance

above four leagues. One day we ftuck upon a f.'ml
bank near one of thefe illands, and after fiii^iiinv;
ourlclvcs leveral hours in getting off, we came into
fix feet of water, but foon found it was only a pit,
furrounded on all fides wtith fands, and the wiml
changing about, brought us in three feet water, lu
that we foon found ourfelves fixed in the tt.ud.

We unloaded our goods into the Tartar's boat«,
and tried day and night together out, but in vain,
there being no hopes of relief till the return of tlm
water, which could not be expedled without the
change of the weather. In four days after, perceiviiu;
the waters to have increal'ed five feet, wc began tii
entertain fume hopes of being extricated out of our
difficulties, and the next day a tempeft railed ilie
water to nine feet, and we might have got into the
fea had not the violence of the winds prevented u*.
Our Ruffian pilot was extremely ijnorant, and ?II
the maps we had along with us were fall'e, fo that w>:
found it nec< ffary to addrefs ourfelves to the colonel
of the foMirrs who did duty there, to procure us a
pilot, to conduct us to the Cafpian Sea.

This gentlemnn, who was a native of Mofcow, came
on board our vefl<:l, and we having treated him in the
beft manner we could, he promifed to fend us a
pilot, but no fooner was he gone, than he fct fail in
a vefUl of his own, and left us to reflect on our
credulity. We met with this fellow after our arrival
at Terki, and when we upbraided him with his in-
folence and perfidy, he only laughed at it j nay, he
had even the impudence to tell us, It was a fine
matter to talk of.

In the mean time being reduced to fuch ftraits, we
refolved fo apply to the mafter of a Perfian vtflel, a
man of fome knowledge in navigation, far beyond
moft of his countrymen. No Iboner had he heanl
our requeft, than he came on board our (hip, and at
eleven at night ordered the anchor to he weighed, fo
that we foon found ourfelves in eighteen feet w.Ttei,
and continued failingal'^no; the coafl till next moriiin..,
when, tooui intxpreflibie picafure, we beheld the
trees waving over the fea.

Having efcaprd from thefe dangers, we difcovered
the country of Circalfia, which extending along the
coaft, forms a fpacious bay, in the form of a crelcent.
We did all we could to get round the point of the
tiulph i but the wind veering about, had infallibly
forced us into it, had we not caft anchor at the en-
trance. About twenty fifhcrinen, who came to fell
us fome fifh, put us in much fear, becaufc wc believed
they were Cofl'acks; but coming nearer, wedifcovered
who they were, and bought plenty of provifions eif
them. The fifli they fold us were large ; and what
was very remarkable, moft of them had loblicts in
their bellies. The remainder of the day was fpent
in giving God Aliiiit;hty thanks for his graciojs
goodncls to us, in prefeiving us from fuch imminent
dJingers, and in the mean time our Perfian pilot not
only fent a proper perfon tp direct us, but likcwile a
boat as a guide.

Next day a thick mift furrounded us, fo that wr
were obliged to lay at anchor till morning, w hen, alte •
much fatigue, we weathered the point, and calt
anchor about a quarter of a league from the (hore.
We wcri. told that the Coffacks had a defign of attack-
ing us the night before, near the point where we hail
been reduced to fo many difficulties ; but miffing ip.
they h:id the infolence, upon their return, toatt;. -r
thofe Tartarian piinces who had treated us with fo
much civility. In this, however, they found them-
felves doubly miftaken, for the Tartars fired upon
them, and killed leveral, upon which, they begged
feir mercy, telling them that it was only the Germans
whofn they wanted to rob ; which circumftance
ferves to (hew, • That idlenefs will always ftiniulate
• people toafls of the greateft injuftice.'

A rumour that the Cotracks were in the neigh-
bourhood, had been fpread the fame morning in the
city of Terki, and the noife of our great guns having
incteafcd their i'eari, becaufc they knew that their

prince

TRAVELS THROUGH ASIATIC RUSSIA.

583

prince MufTalto was iherr, ocCHfionrd a great alaini
in the place, which was however quickly appealed,
when the prince an<l his fleet fuon after came into th
road, and giving a falute with tlicir fire arms, invited
us to honour them with a vifit, at the huufe of Ins
mother. Uut hcic we mull Hop, to give lume account
of the city «( Tcrlci.

This antient ciiy is fltjatcd ahout two miles from
the (horc, upm a liiiall nvrr talliil I'emenlki, a
branch of the gn it River Buftro, and f.icilitates a
communication ii'twecn the lea and the city, which
has no other avenues by land, beinq; furroundcd wit!\
trees for a quarti-r of a Icajjue round.

The fiiuatiun is low, and all the houfts, as well as
the ranipaits, were formerly built of wood, but Peter
the Gi^at ordeied a ranipirt of earth to be thrown
up, and fevrral other loriificalions to be raifed.
1 here is a large ^iirifnn conlfanilv kept in this city,
an;l a b.ittalion ui them attends the Taitanaii
prince.

Circ'dia is n very an'ient kingdom, and although
now fubji'tf to the Ruliians, y.t iliey ftill uijcy
fheir own religion, iiul in gemril are govc'riicu by
their own '.aws. I' ic men are (frong limhtd, and ot
a tawny e 'iipUxion, but in gi'ivr.) not lo bro.id
fared as wiilt- T.iiais we havt- alre.idy nientioneu.
They wcir long bl.i.k h.iir, but fliavt ih.' miiljli
of their heads from Ihe forehead to (he 11 ck, ..ul
not abivc the breau;h of an inch, leaving a loilc jull
at the crown, whien t,ills down behind, and makes
them appear frightful to grangers.

Several authors have r. piif iit^'d them as extremely
barbarous, and probably mat \> is 'he cafe formerly,
but it is not Co at prelMii, fir ever fince they became
fuVijedt to the Ruflinus, ili'v n ivc been making daily
improvements in poiittiief , a. far as is confiltent with
the ftate of the country and the form of government.
Befidcs their own language, * hich is that of the Tar-
tars, many of them, particularly thole in offices, fpeak
the Ruflian, which is much elicemed among them.
In their Hrcfs they refcmble the other Tartars who
inhabit thofe parts, only that their cloaks are fome-
what longer, and faftened to the neck with a firing ;
but as they do not cover the whole body, fo they
turn them according to the weather. Their women
have good fliapes, amiable countenances, ami frefh
complexions. They wear no veils, and their
locks hang down in trefTes on both ftdcs. They
wear black coifs upon their heads, and cover them
with a piece of line calico or linen cloth tied under
the chin. In the fummer the women wear fcarce
any thing but a (hift, which is either green, yellow,
or blue, and they are cut (o deep before, as to betray
a large ihare of immodefty.

Widows are diftinguiflted from the others, by
having the bladder of an ox full blown, and covered
with calico, or any other fort of ftuft', hanging from
their necks. Their women in general treated us
with much familiarity, taking particular notice of
our cloaths i and not In the leaft oflTendcd, when fome
of our fervants, proceeding from one familiarity to
another, would often thruft their hands into their
bofoms.

Some of them invited us to their huts, and told us
that it was the cuilom of the country, when Grangers
came to vifit the women, for the hulbands to go abroad
into the fields. They have, notwithftanding all this,
the rCii..tation of being very virtuous; and one day
an officer in our retinue, having got into a familiar
acquainrmce with one of them, who was very hand
fome, having an opportunity to malce trial of her
challity, found her deaf to all his intreaties, but at
the fame time was not difpleafed ; when he told her
it was common enough in his own country, flie faid,
file would Ihew him all the kindnefs in her power
conflflent with modclly and decency, but further ihe
would not go.

Polygamy, or a plurality of wives, is allowed
smong then, and they may marry as many as they
pleafe, fo u tfaey can maintain them, but in gencru

they are contented with one. If a man dies without
ifTu'*, his brother, if unmarried, mull efpoufe the
widow ■, and this practice being one of the maxims of
the Jewifh law, there is rcafon to btlieve that tliefe
CircafTians learned it from thofe people, while they
were captives in I'erfia. Some jf iheni arc Mahome-
tans, others are Chriflians, their rites confilling of
a mixture of Jeu Kli, HopiOi, and Greek cereiiioiiits.
1^1- heathens, however, are the molt numerous, and
fome of their ceremonies dill'Lt from thofe ot the
Tartars. Thus, when a perlon ot any note dies,
the relations of both (exes appoint a meeting in the
fields, to perform Uie facrihee, which is a he goat,
that creature being confidered as molt proper to make
an atonement for fin.

The lirfl thing they do, is to try whether the goat
IS lit lor ilie fLcriiice; jikI tnr thi- purpofe, iliey lutoft'
his tclticles, and throw them jgainfl a wall. If they
Itick there, they H.y the goat, and itreteh the fkin
uiion a long pole, bi ton " lii. n 'he) > fti ihi fai ritice :
ifiL- fliih . . b 111 boiled and n ailed, a''er v/hn li, it is
aten, Alur the feall, the n.en ji.iy iheir devotions
to ihi fl<:ii , wiiieii oone, the women an- knt home,
.iiul ihi men eontlu le the diy with druikn'^ fpiriiu-
ou« liquors lo fucli an excels, iliai tl\ y appear rather
like bcalts than human creatures, and fcKlom part
wuiiout blows. Tin- fkin of the goat eniains fixed
on the pole t.ll another perfon of quaiif, dies, for
tn-fe lacrihces are not for ti.e ordinary laiiKs eif piople.
We law one of thile lliins near Teiki, upon a black
crol's, with the head and horns on it ; It was fixed in
ihe middle of a quick-fet hedge, to ke.-p the dogs and
cattle from profaning it.

In burying (he bodies of the deceafed, they ufe a
great number of ceremonies, perfons of quality
having houles built over their tombs ; and to exprcfs
their grief for the lofs of their departed fri»nds, they
fcratch their foreheads, arms and bieails, till tiie blnou
flows plentifully } and fo far do they carry this ridi-
culous part of their fuperftition, that they tear open
their wounds, and make thcni bleed afiefh.

So far as we can learn, there is little or no men-
tion made of the Circaffian Tartars in antient hiflory,
and equally as little by modern authors; Scaliger
makes mention of them in very few words, and calls
them by the name of Ziga 1 as Strabo, the famous
geographer, did of old ; and he affigns their habita-
tions beyond Mount Caucafus, upon the Kuxine
Sea, near the Palus Mxotis, betwixt Afia and Ku-
rope.

In this however, they are millaken, for thofe Cir-
caffians mentioned by our learned traieller are de-
fcended from the antient Scythians, inhabiting part
of Albania, being inrlnfrd <in the eafl and wcfl by
the Cafpian Sea, by Mount Caucafus to the fouth,
and the vaft mountains of Allracan to the north.
Our traveller proceeds to deferibe feveral other curi-
ous particulars.

" In the neighbourhood of Tcrki, we faw feveral
creatures of the bignels of a man's arm, and fix feet
in length, fporting themfelves in the heat of the fun,
and the place is pcltercd with a fpccics of creatures
called jerbuah, or field mice. They are moilly of
the fize of a fquirrel, and not unlike it in lliape, only
that they are more inclining to black, with heads like ,
rats, long eais, and the fore feet fhorter than the
hindermou, which makes thein unfit for running, but
they will leap five or fix feet high from the ground,
with their tails laid over their backs, which arc long
without hair. They are in great numbers, not only
in Tartarian Circaffia, but all the way along as far as
Babylon, and many of the people eat them.

'• If they get into the houles, they will carry every
thing they can along with them tu their nefls, and
they will even take money, as hr.ppened to a Perfian,
the father of one Ackwerdi, who was my fervant.
He had long miffed fome money, and although there
were no thieves that any one knew of, or fufpeAed
in the place, yet his pockets were picked almoft every
night. He tgld this (o our landlord, who deiired bim

*i*«r(=-,it-

5»*

TRAVELS THROUGH ASIATIC RUSSIA.

to fcarch the iicd of one of ihefc creatures, and there
he found mure th.in hi- hnd lofh"

Having I'ecii ivcry tliinj; worth notice in Terki,
we prepared to continue our journey, and bargainetl
with our inn-lcccpcr to furnifl) us with waggons at
a crown eacli, with two horfes, to carry us through
the defart, which was about fevcnty leagues, between
this place and Allracan. VVe were joined by as many
Hcrfiaii, I'urkifh, Cireck, and Ruinan merchants,
that wc had in all about two hundred waggons, each
carrying! three or four pcrfoiis, fu that we amounted to
about Itven hundred and fitly. Our provifiuns for
fuch a journey were as t'canty as can well be imagined,
each of us had a fi-w pounds of hard bifcuit, a mouldy
loaf of brcid, and the half of a dried falmon for
his portion. We had no water, becaufc Baron Brug-
nian, one of the amb.illadors, would not confent to
hire a waggon to carry it, and moft of us did not
urgeth: matter, aIihou,;;li we had reafon afterwards to
repent of this part of our conduct.

Wc had only left 'I'liki a few hours when we came
in fight of the dreadful dcfai t, our journey being along
the r.id of the Cafpian fea. It was no fmall matter
of I'urprifc in us not to fee a city, town, village,
houle, or even a tree, for eleven oays ; nay, not fo
much as a bird, or a river, except the Kifibaf} the
whole was one vaft fandy plain, which here and there
produced a little grafs, and fome (landing pools of
fait, with a little corrupted muddy water 1 nearoneof
which pools, we took up our lodgings, on the iith
night, having made no more than two leagues a day.
On the ijth day wc travelled through fenny grounds,
that werj fcarce palT.ibIc, and were much afflicted
with heat, thirft, gnats, wafps, and other infeifts,
cfpccially the camels, who having no tails, could not
defend thcmfelves againll them fo well as the horfes. .

On the 14th day wc made four leagues in the fore-
noon, and after having refreflicd our beads, we made
four more in the afternotm j and in the evening, the
Tartars, who were along w--'- us, roafted one of
their horfes, which they hai. I< led, becaufe it was
likely to die, and they feemcu to eat It with much
picalure. On the fifteenth we travelled feven leagues,
and encamped near a lUnding pool, made by the over-
flowing of the fca, but the water was lo much cor-
rupted, that we could not drink it without hold-
ing our noftrils. On thefixteenth we travelled feven
leagues farther, -and had the good fortune to encamp
near a fmall brook of frcfti water, near the banks of
the fca.

On the feventcenth, we travelled eight leaeues, and
encamped near a pool of frefli water, formed by the
Wolga, but the tafte was fo naufeous, that few
of us could drink it. This day fome of our Tar-
tars having been in purfuit of wild boars, killed feve-
ral of them, and hrought thtm to us in the evening.
In this place we found an eagle's netl, with two
young ones not quite fledged, which we confidered as
a very great curiofity. On the eighteenth day we
travelled eight leagues, and pitched our tents within
fight of Aftracaii ; and the next day we came to the
banks of the Wolga, juft oppofite to that city. It
was furprifing to fee ibme of our people who li.ul not
tafted frefli water from the time they left Terki,
running into the river to quench their thirft. We
were no fooncr arrived here than fome of our friends
came from Allracan, and brought us frefli provifions,
which were received by us with a hearty welcome, and
we continued encamped till we could learn whether
the governor would provide us lodgings.

Having obtained permiflion of the governor, we
crofTetl the river, and had lodgings afligned us in a
long Uonc-houfe without the city, near the river fide,
wliere we were furnlflK-d with plenty of provifions,
tent us by the duke of Holllein's refident. The am-
balfaJor, for rcafons we were not then acquainted
with, ordered all the baggage tr be put into one
room, which was done accordingly ; which fo ex-
afperatcd fome of our retinue, that they burft open
i»ic doors, and took away the ehefts, in fpite of the
1

centincl who was to i;unrd it. The governor «>t Af-
Iracan treated us witli the utmuft politcnefs, and in t
us beef and mutton, with all forts of poultry that
the country afforded, tugrthrr with beer and other li-
quors, in rccompencc fur a preknt we had nude
him.

About this time, a mifundcrltanding took plit'e
between our two anibafl'adors, in coiifeuuencL- of
Baron Urugman being apprehenfive o( being called
10 an account for his conduct, for during the whole
of our journey, he had treated us in a very indillaent
manner. He became morofe and fulky at table, unU
would fcarce fpeak to any of us, and often broke out
into injurious and otteiirivc cxpreflions. 'i'his hap-
pened in a remarkable manner onedav, after dinner i
for not content with quarrelling with his domefiics,
h.' broke out into the moll ahufivc language againlf
me, whom he wanted to charge with the whole of his
niilcondu£t. J faid a few words in my ow.i vindica-
tion i but this, inltcad of allaying the heat of his
paflion, enraged him fo much, that he laid hold of a
knife, and would certainly have fiabbed me, had
I not rifen from table and left the room. He
treated the ch.iplain of the embafly with fo much
cruelty, that he was often in want of the necciTariei
of lite ; and one day, while he was adminillering the
facrament, the Ruflian governor took notice that he
had nothing under his caflock but a pair of draweis.
The governor ordered cloaths to be made for the poor
minilTer; but although he was in fuch want of them,
yet he durll not accept of them, left Brugman fhnuld
have treated him with ftill greater feverity. This Rul-
fian governor did all he could to ibftcn the temper of
Brugman, but all to no puipofe, for he continued to
increafc in his leverity every day, and even laid apian
for ruining his colleague. Nor did the Ruffian go-
vernor, who had treated us with fo much tenderncfs,
efcape his cenfure, for he even wrote to the emperor
concerning him, accufing him with things he had ne-
ver been guilty of; which had fuch an etteii upon the
poor gentleman, that he poifoned himfclf.

While we remained at Aftracan, a German,
whofe name was Andrew Reufncr, provided with let-
ters of recommendation from the duke of Holftein to
the king of Pcrfia, came in .1 caravan from Mofcow
to Aftracan, where in a little time he entered into
fo ftri£l a friendfhip with Brugman, that he relin-
quifhed his defign of going to Pcrfia, and engaged tu
return with the ambaUadur to Holftein. We had an
opportunity while we were at Aftracan of feeing a pub-
lic fcftival, which is obferved annually in memory of
the Ruffians having taken the place, which was on
the firft of Aueuft, 1554. Mafs was faid in the
morning, then tne great guns of the caftle were fired
off, and the evening was concluded with much
drunkennefs and debauchery. Several perfons were
killed i for fuch is the licentious difpofition of thelis
Ruffians, that they will intoxicate themfelvcs, and
then fight like fomany wild beafts.

A Mufcovite caravan, confifting of two hundred
perfons, went by land from this place to Mofcow,
which induced Andrew Reufner to embrace that oppor-
tunity for his departure. Some of our retinue were
alfo lent at the fame time, and every thing was got
ready for our departure, it being the ambaUador's de-
fign that we fliould go by water to Cafan. A few
days before the time fixed for our departure, Ibme Ruf-
fian 7'artars brought to the ambafTadors two young
girls, one of ten, and one of feven years old, whom
they propofed to fell. I'he firft was the daughter of
a .ariar of Frecos, taken by the Cofiacks, wheu
they took paflcffion of Azoph, a place of confider-
able ftrength, fituated near the mouth of the river
Don. I'he young one of feven years old had been
ftolen from a village net far from Aftracan, and the
wretches had put her into a bag, like a pig. She
had on her cheeks two large marks, to be known by
her parents, from which circumftance, two things
are to be learned ; firft, that the practice o( ftealing
children is common in that country i and fccandly,

that

TRAVELS THROUGH ASIATIC RUSSIA.

Sff

th^t however barbarout people may be in their man-
neri, yet a lover of their offspring is to be tounil
throughout the whole human race. The aiiibali'idur
Brugman purchal'cd both the girls, the cldvli for
twentv-fivc, and the yuunguft lur iixteen ciowns,
and attcr hi» return to Hjjftcin, he prcrunted chcm to
the duchel's, who hail tlicm inliru6tcd in the Chrif-
tian religion, and buptizcd.

Much about the lame time the Perfian ambaflador,
a man offcvcnty years of age, bought a witc for I2U
crowns. Tliii Pcriian ainbaflador was a man of a fine
appearance^ and a vigorous conllitution, o.ving, as
he told us, tohislivinij chiefly on henip-fecd, b.iltid
in the embers. Tlie lady he purchalWI was the daugh-
ter of a Tartarian prince) and one of our interpre-
ters, nearly related to her, had embraced the Chrif-
tian religion. His filler endeavoured to pcrfuade him
to ffl with her to I'crfia, but nothing could prevail
with him i and being afraid lell he fhould be trepanned
and taken away, he feidom went out of the aiiibalVa-
(lor's apartments. In the mean time the Perfian .im-
baflador received orders to vifit the duke of Hoincin,
and therefore it was propofed that wc (hould all fei
out togctlur in boats on the Wolga.

buch is the prefent Hate of that vail extenfive coun-
try in Afia, fubject to tlie Ruflians, or at leall pre-
tended to be fo i for, as we have already taken notiec,
the Tartars in moft parts of the RulTian empire look
upon themfelves as free, although for their own in-
tereft thry fumetimes fubmit to the name of vafl'als.
And now the grand queltion before us is, " U it
confillcnt with found policy in the Ruflian govern-
ment to attempt the cultivation of one part of the
empire^ and pay no mure regai^ to the other than
juft to confider the inhabitants as bealh of bur-
den ?"

A proper anfwer to thisqueflion is of much impor-
tance to the inhabitants of thofe European nations
who arc continually fceking to extend their conquells
over lavage nations, without confidcring whether it
will ever be of any fervice to them. It would be
happy for us in the prefent cafe if we could draw a
parallel line between the Roman empire and that of
Ruflia i but this cannot be done, the circumllances
being in many rcfpecls dilFercnt ; to which may be
added, " Wu know what Rome was, but we know
not what Ruflia will be."

The Romans were at lirft a band of robbers, but
having formed themfelves into fonie fort of foctety,
they gradually, from time to time, Subdued the inha-
bitants who lived in the villages around them, till at
lad they laid the foundation of a city, which has for
many ages been the admiration of the world. When
Rome was built, the territories of the Romans did
not exceed in extent one of our K.iglilh counties,
nay, it was lefs than fome of them ^ but the love of
power, fo peculiar to the human mind, furmounted all
difficulties, and moil of Italy foon became fubjedt to
them. From Italy they extended their conquelts into
Gaul, now called France; into Iberia, now called
Spain ; into Africa, part of which they fubdued ;
into all the known parts of Afia, and Greece I'ub-
mitted to their viiflorious arms. But of that gran-
deur there remains nothing at prefent but the name.

Had webeen as well acquainted with the origin of
the Ruflians, as wc are with that of the Romans,
many ration.il conjctSlures might have been formed ;
but as they have no writings to throw any light upon
the adlions of their piedeccfTois, we are obliged to
fit down contented with what has been tranfinitted to
us by travellers, without having recourfc to antient
writings. It is common to confider all nations as
emerging from a ftate of obfcurity, and doubtlefs
Ruflia did fo; for it was formerly divided into many
principalities, although at prefent it bears one general
name. Their extending their conquells into Afia,
was partly from motives of fell prefervation, and
• partly from the love of power.
, Tbe Tartars invaded them fo often, and drove away
their cattle, that it was found neccfliry to make re-

Vot. I. Ko. SI.

prifaii. This h.ippened in early times, when the Rul-
fians were little better than favayes, and utterly unac-
quainted with cuinnieree ; but as circunilianec!> liavu
taken a diHlrLiit turn, ditferent uljidb UioulJ be kepi
in view. Lvery man of conimmi experience will
grant, that it is more for theiiiUull of a prince to be
the fuvcreigii of a fniall country well cultiv.ited, and
its inhabitants civilized, than lu have llie vain empty
n.imeof being the U"duf barren d<.'..ats iiili.ibited bv
favages. Tins will in every ui'ii^wt .ippl) to Ruflia,
and to all thulenther n.iiiuiis in the wuiiJ, wheie tliere
are moreinhabit.iiits thun the civil pi>w\rc.in take no-
tice of. And here wc would fug^ell a few thoughts
that have often occurred to us in the pcrulal of tlic
hillory of ditrereiu n.itioiis in the world.

The conduit of Peter the Great, in attempting to
civilize his fubjeilits, was truly laudable, and his en-
deavours toextend commerce gave a prouf of his gooU
fenle ; but, like molt other human beings, he h:ia his
weak fide. One grand objciil he had in view, was,lu
equal any of the European princes in glory, to be-
come a mediator in all quarrels anuingfl them, and in
war to take pai t with tholi: whofc caufe lie efpou led from
motives of policy. This part of his conducl is not
mentioned merely on account of itsbeingblame.ible,but
to point out that he attachid himfelf too iniitii to it;
becaulc by purfuingit with unwearied afliduitv, he ne-
g^leiited the interior pjrts of his empire. I'his might
have been re>ilified, and his errors amended, had
his predceeil'ors adopted the fiillowlii^ plan, and car-
ried it into execution with perfeverance.

Had the fuccelFors of Peter continued to extend the
cultivation of the Empire, in the manner it w.is begun
at St. Peocrfburgh, they might before tins time have
carried it on as tar as Mofcow, which is an extent of
territory reaching fix hundrctl miles in length. To
have encdled this valuable fcliemc, it would have been
proper for the fovereign to have given every fort of
encouragement to hulbandmcn. This is not yet too
late ) and until it is put in praflice, little good can
be expedlcd in Ruflia, either from commerce or con-
quells. Let the government confider the pcafants as
the mod ufeful members of fociety, and bellow upon
them lands in proportion to their ability to cultivate
them. This would carry civilization to a great
height } for men become in love with the Ipot
of ground they have cultivated, and, where they
have brought up their children. It would prevent
them from roving about in idlcncfs, and their neigh-
bours next to them in f tuation would chearfully
copy their example. It is true, this would be the
work of time, but if once begun, perhaps a fingle
generation mi^ht fee it accomplifhed. As Mr. Pope
lays of refined felf-love, it would gradually extend
itfelf to all the provinces of the empire.

Another thing to be attended to is, that along with
encouragement given to the cultivation of the lands,
the fame care mould be taken to improve the minds
of the rifing generation ; knowledge expels barbarity,
as light fwallows up darknefs.

It is faid of the prefent Emprcfs, that Ihe gives every
fort of encouragement to the liberal arts and ufeful
fcienccs; but it is much to be feared, that her benevo-
lence is confined to fuch forts of learning as can only
be of fervice to her military and naval officers. This
conveys a mod unnatural idea to the mind, for it is
like beginning a ftrudlurc where it fhould end.

To give encouragement to the liberal arts and
fcienccs, is laudable in every country; and the ne-
glect of this, is what has kept the Turks fo many
years in a ilatc of ignorance ; but to difregard the im-
provement of the minds of the vulgar, is like a father
who having twenty fons, fulFers nineteen of them to
continue in ignorance.

It is of little fervice for ;he Emprefs to fay, that
(he has academies, which fhe fupports at her own
expence, while the gicateft part of her fubje£ls remain
in a date of profound ignorance. It would be much
to her honour to have fchools ellablilhed in the pro-
vince of Livonia, at her own expence, and this the
7 L coul4

TRAVEL^ IN CHINA.

koi:'.J the more eafily do, becaufe (he li under no
ri'Diid'.' II with rcl'poA to the ulrs to be made of the
publir ni inry : it would be a ndhic and generous ex-
crlKin i^t her rcg.il uuthori(y, and fcrve co point out
th.'it even ihl'iilute power, when employed in a proper
manner, might be of ft-rvice to mankind. The gene-
ral objection tu be made againft what ii here laid
down i!>, that foverrignt arc difcouraged from under-
taking what (hey muy never live to fee accomplithed ;
but ini< -objection it no more than i filly cxcufe:
llrith the r.imc realbn might a man fay, I am afraid to
begin building ;i huufe, or to undertake any thing
vhatever, becaufc I may die before it it completed.
It i<i our buriniTs, in 'Ahatcvcr (tation we are in here
bviow, either to begin fomething beneficial to our-
felves, or to carry on that which ''has been already
becim

The RulTiani, by confinin;^ their attention to the
province* near Heter(burgh for fomc time, would be

of great fervice to the reft, efpecially thofe wfiirfi lay
more to the eaft, for it would Simulate the inhabitant*
to fcek for the fame ufeful arti to be eltabliflied among
themlclvei. There are many parti of Great Uritain
as barren and mountainous at many of the province*
of Ruflia, and yet who can f^y that we have a favags
amongll us j nor was this the work of a day ; it re
quired time, and we may now fafcly fay, that the
pooreft of our pcafants are at civilized in their man-
ners, as fome of the chieft in other nations. Upon
the whole, it is probable that Rufltawill never make a
very great figure, until learning is encouraged among
the lower ranks of people. 1 hi«, with agriculture,
would civilize their manners^ humanize their minds,
lead them off from ahtient prejudices and fu|<erftitinns,
and might even, in the end, reach as far as thofe in-
hofpitabic defarts in Siberia, Tartary, and aiiny
other parts which wf have already defcribed.

TRAVELS IN CHINA, by the RUSSIAN AMBASSADOR, FATHER
NAVARETTI, FATHER DUHALDE, FATHER LECOMPTE, &c.

THE vaft Empire of China, of which we have
no accounts in ancient hiftory, is bounded up
the north bv the great wall which divides it from
Wettern TaVtary. On the *reft by Tibet and Ava ;
on the foulii bv the t-aos Tong-king, and the Chincfe
Sea, or Oriental ocean ; and by the fame ocean on
llie cr.(l. It i& rcni.irkahlr, that notwithftanding tht-
valt dift.incc of Chin.i from us, and the fentimcnts
of the people lb oppofite to ours, in politicks as well
as in religion, yet by the unwearied indaftry of the
mifltunancs from the focicty of Jcfuitt, the dimen-
sions have been well afcertained, and from thtm we
are enabled to difcover huw it is fituated. China lies
between an hundred and fifteen and an hundred and
eij;hty-one degrees of fad longitodc, and between
twenty degrees twenty-five minutes of north latitude.
It is in fhapc almoft fquarc, being in Jingth, from
fouth to north, about 1270 miles, and iico in
breadth.

China is, by many travellers, reckoned the fined
country in the world ; bein^ exceeding fertile, and
the mountains are cultivated even to the tops. In
many parts it produces two crops of rice annOally,
with all forts of other grain, befidcs a variety of fruits
and heibs. It abounds with horned cattle, flicep,
iin'd all torts of game; and it has many fine rivers,
UoreJ with all forts of fifti. Its mountains yield
mines of gold, ftlver, copper, and many other
metals, and in every province there is plenty of
coals.

The provinces of Pe-chc-li, Kyang-nan, and
Shang-ton?, arc in nioft p^rts-flat, and cut into
cinals like Holland ; but the northern provinces are
more mountainous, bcing^f great extent ; the fouth-
(in parts are hot, and thnle to the north cold, but in
both the air is generally pure and wholefome. It
exceeds all other nations or empires wc know of, in
the number of its inhabitants, cities and towns; and
Its temples, according to their mode of architecture,
aic the moll magniiiient in the world. Their laws
are founded upon principles of morality, and their
courts of jurtite are regulated with the itrifteft care.

The coinm<.rce of China, confifts in gold, filver,
precious ftones, porcelain filks, cottons, fpice, rhu-
barb, bcfides tea and many other articles. The trade
ai the provinces with each other ii fo great, that
2

the empire toiild very well exift without any com-
merce with Europeans. The Jifuit Licompte tell*
us, th.it there arc in China one thoufand four hundred
and feventy-two rivers and l.ikes, and upwards of
two thoufjiid remarkable mountains. Refides oranges,
lemons, and citrons, v.hich come from thence, there
are the varnifh tree, the tallow tree for candles ; the
iron wood, of which anchors arc m.- le ; and here we
find the mufk deer, the man ape, th • go!d filb, very
beautiful, and another fifh called the H.iy-fong, very
hideous.

The p'iblic works in China are extremely nume-
rous, and (ome of them arc curious, others ffupen-
dous, particularly the great wall already mentioned.
According to the account which the Jeluits procured
from the moft learned men in China, this wall wai
built two hundred and fifty years before the incarna-
tion of Chrilf, ami it v.'as done in order to prevent the
inroads made by the Tartars.

It is in length one thoufand feven hundred and fc-
veiity miles, about twenty-five feet high, .-ind broad
enough for fix horfes to travel abreaft. The gre.it
c.inal extends three hundred leagues in length, quite
through ?he empire, from Kanton to Peking. It
was cut about four hundred years ai;o, arul is con-
ftantly croiided with fmall veflils, tariyins goods
from one plare to another. There arc upwards of
three hundred bridges on this celebrated canal, one
thoufand one hundred and fifty-nine towers and tri-
umphal arches, erefled in memory of great men ; two
hundred and feventy-two libraries, and above ftveii
hundred halls j thirty-two palaces for the emperors,
and thirteen thoufand fix hundred grand houlet
for the nobility and magiftrates. All along tht banks
of the canal are vaft numbers of fine gardms,
laid out in the Chinefc tafte ; and thcfe iire adorned
with fummcr-houfcs, pleafant w.ilk«, and the moft
refrclhing groves. In thefe the nubility, and proiile
of high rank in oflice, divert tlicnifilvcs during the
heat of Aim mcr, as thcdeliclAus fruits which grow
in them ferve to heighten their pleafurei.

The citits in China are generally all built on the
fame plan, although many of them arc dtfterent in
grandeur. Where the ground will permit, they are
^uare, lurToundcd with high walls and toM'crs built
at proper diftancct from each etlicr^ and they have

aitchci.

TRAVELS IN

ditcher, either wrt or dry, iirconling tn the fituation
of tlic |>Ucu. Within tliiir cuiis tliiy have temples,
for the wiufhip ul' thrir K"'''t with ^raiiil triuiii|ihnl
•rchei, in nicinury of Ciich jjci lOiis as luvu been ot iig-
nal frrvicu lu the It.itc. I'luir Kietu iiml (iiu«ie« are
broaJ iinil open, but few of the lioiif>« huve any more
than die grouiul floor, and none of tliem more than
two. Ill tliefe llreet* ar.' iIk ir fh'ips, .iiul beloie the
doors of each their gondi arc piled up f<> as to maki
a granil appearance. lUfore the door is a pedcUal,
with a board iixed upon it, either painted or uilded,
with three tharadlcrs, by way of a li;;ii. On this
board are painted the names of three or lour forts of
Bdodt, and undetncatli that of ilie fliopkctpei hiin-
fclf, with the following Words, Pu hu, that is, " he
will not (heat you."

We fhall not pretend to fay wh'.iher the Chiiii-fe
always adl confiflent w:tli priiieiplts of honel'y, but
probably they do as mueh lo as tiieir iieijhlviurv, ami
It IS certain that their laws are well calculated lo
promot!' fuch a falutary purpoli;. I'hat which the
Romans called the lex lalioiiis, was lung attended to
in China, but at prefent it is in a ^re.it dir.rce fallen
to decay. 'I'liuj the inuiderer was put to death in
the lame manner as he had murdered the decealed ;
anJ a liief was fold as a Have, to nial^c a recoinpcnte
for til'- lofs of ihellolen goods. C)l old, ami cvciii'u-
ling tile lall centurv, the puniftimeiiis they inHietid
Up<in criminals were attended with tirrumilaiices of
tlie molt horrid barbarity i but whether by rlieir con
nedtiuns with the Kuiopeans, or by fonie other iiuaii' ,
this much is certain, that tlie ferocity of their man.
ners begin to wear ott', .ind at prefent they are in many
refpects, more civili/ed than the Kullians, only that
fhcv aic (lill jealous of permitting (Iraiitrers to fettle
amoni; them. With refpect to their titles of nobility,
tli.-y are not hereditary in families ; for althouj^h a
fon n>ay, and frequently does fuceeed to bis tather's
cllate, vet he does not enjoy his honours, for thefe
arc bellowed upon other perl'ons i for the emperor
civcs I'lem away to whomfoever he pkafes. Perhaps
it would be much better if this w.is attended to in
other nation-., for by fuch a praiSiice none could have
ieaf<m to expedi honours, but thofe whole merits en
titled them to the enjoyment of them. 'J'his me
thod makes the Chineli: youth lludious to tread tn
the fame fteps with their anceliors ; and when they do
fo, tiie emperor i;enerally reltores them to their fa-
ther's titles. All the princes of the blood royal en-
joy titles, but they have no power annexed to them.
Kach of them is allowed a palace, with jiroper officers,
and every thing becoming; their rank ; but .ilthough
the people treat them with the giejtell lefpect, yet
thvy are not permitted to poil'efs any place at court,
either of honour or profit.

liut norwithdanding all that has been laid, the em-
perors of China are far from being backward in re-
warding merit, even when they find inllancesuf it in
foreigners. 1111678, Father Verbiell, a t'lcmifli je-
fuir, happened to be in China, and being well ac-
l^iiaintcd with every thing in allronomy, the emperor
f;nt for him, and defired him to draw out tables of thi
celcftial motions of the heavenly bodies, and calcula-
tions of cclipl'es for two thouland years backwards
This the jcfuit completed in thirty-two volumes of
maps, and preff nted them to his majedy, whofe name
was K.ang-hi , and the emperor was fo much pleafed
v.'\th them, thai he caufed them to be placed among the
archives of the palace ; and to reward the jefuil for
his extraordinary ingenuity, he made him prefidcnt of
tlie college of attronomy, with the title of Tau-fln,
which in Englilh (ignirics, " (ireat Man :" fuch a
title as this is feldum conferred, even on the moft de-
ftrviiig of the natives ; but when it is, it extends to
all their kindred, even of the moft remote degree of
confanguinity.

Although Verbieft had no relations in China to
enjoy this honour, yet all the miinoiiarics palled
for his brethren, and were confidered under that title
by the maadarins. I'his title of great man, gained

C H 1

Sir

the Jefuitt an eafv adni, ffion into the Co Jt» «nd molt
of them had it inlcnlKd I II the di)or» "I' neir ii>>;a.e-'
In enry city in China, there .ire (ehutd', v' >ih if eh
ers to inllruCt the youth in the fi n nces, ani< >hc (<Mi«
of people of falliion li.'ve tuli r-. t<i attend Ihfm. "»
thi le leiilinaries of learning, llie y lulh an inilruiSe.
tirit in the fundainemal pruKipli-, 1 f thur language i.
fiom that th y proitid to ht.ii leclcire- ou nviraii e,
according to the Joclrinc ol Coiilui iii- ; aii< lall i.i'
all, they arc nude acquainted w iin the laws of their
country.

The employment of a fthool-mafter is counted
honourable ; and wlunever the pan nt- t>f the youth
mi et them, tlie\ ^ive tl-.iin the light hiiiJ, an I fay,
Syew-feng, " (Jur iiialli r, on: doClur :" ,11 d th<ir
pupils !iave the "it;hell itlpect I'lr ihrrii as long as they
live, and generally make them v dualile pri lent-.

Although there are no unueifities in Chui.i as in
Kurope, yet every city of the liilt ililhrift.n has a
place lit apart for the examination ol tnof'e «ho have
liieii lTiHi,lit up It the piib;ie leliools, and molt of
thefe places are built in the laiV.e manner. I'liry are
enrloleJ wiihhii'h w.ill<, the dUijiue is niagnil ceii',
and i'elore it is a large Iqii re, on,' niin.lred and lilty
paces wide, planted with trees, liami ; beiiclics anil
feats for the captain and loldiers who do duty during
the time of examination.

The entrance is firlt into a large court, wher« the
mandarins lit inflate, att luled by 'i numerous reti-
nue, and at the end of this is another wall, with
loliling ^ates. Thele gates be ng opened, thireisa
liridj^e over a canal, which leads to a third gate,
where guards arepliiited, who let none In without:
ordiis Irom the projicr officers i pafliiig through thii
gate, there is a narrow pall'agc leading to a broad
open fqiiare, on both fidts of which are a valt num-
ber of little chambers elofc together, tour leet .md a
half long, and about three and a half broad, for the
Itudents to lodge in, who arc on fon.e partiiular
occafiuns above fix thoufand in nuinbtr. As alt thefe
(ludtntj are obliged to compofe their themes Without
any afliflance from others, that there may be no
deception with lel'peiil to their knowledge, they are
Hopped when they come to the gate, and learchcd, left
any papers Ihould be found upon them : if in fucli
cales any fraud was difcovcred, the youth would not
only be excluded from all conneiftiuns with the
learneil, but he would alio be punilhed as an impoltor.
When every ime is examined, the gates are Ihut up,
and the public feal affixed to them ; and there are
officers appointed to fee that every thing is coiidiiiile>l
in a proper manner, and that the ftudents may not go
out of their chambers to (peak to each otlicr ; for tins
would in all refpedts deprive them of the benefit of
their degrees.

At the end of the narrow palTagc above mentioned,
there is a tower erciSed upon four arclies, and flanked
w ith lour turrets or a fort of round Joni-.'s; from whieh,
if any dilluibance is perceived, a drum is immedi.ucly
beaten to alarm the guaids, that the difordcr may be
remedied. Near this tower there arc fevcral apart-
ments, and a great hall, in which thofe air.'mble whu
are to be prefent at their iirit examination. Pafling
through this hall, there is another nearly adjoining to
it, but more magnificently furnifhed, with divers
apartinents for the prefidents and principal officers.
There are alio galleries, a garden, and many little
apartments for the mandarins, fccietaries, and other
inferior officers whofe bufmtfs it is to attend. In the
apartments are beds, tire places, kitchen furniture,
with every thing II. ceflary- for the reception of the
txamirwrs ; becaufe many of them come from very
diliant parts, auJ thcieforc it is but realbnable that
they (liould be fupportcd at the public ex pence.

"I'he prefidents before whom the youth sre -;xa-
mined, are the Fu-ywen, the Chi-fi, and th? Chi-
byen, who are governors of prorince; and cities, of
the firlt and third rank. As foon as the ftudents
have palled the examination of the mandarins, they
muft begin witn that of the Cbi-byen, in whoie

jarifdi^iol^

•m:

SI*

TRAVELS In china.

jurirJIAion they wcrrbnrn. In rvrry province thrrr
II » mandarin, who \\ lent lo ri'iiJe in the p.il.ii'r hy
the emperor, and at the end or three years lie rtiilnis
lo Peking. When thcl'e manJarini arrive in the pro-
vince allotted for them, the firit thins thcr du is u>
oflVr upfacrificet toCunfuciut i for aulidiigh this ic-
Icbrated perlun i« allowed to have been a hunun hcin^',
yet divine hbnuuri are paid him. After thin ;ill the
ltudent« are broiiglit together, along with dicir teacli-
erj, and examined with rclpcc't to the prugrtli thrv
have nude in learning ; and il they are apprnved oi,
then they .Tie fent up to the thief city in the province,
to receive their degrees.

But the molt remarkable thin;; it, that the fame
mandarins wlio examine the (tudints in the common
fciences, likcwife examine the cai!i.ts in military tlil-
cipline ) and thcle military cadets cannot be admitted
into any ofRce, nor have a coinmllCon in the .irmy,
till they have given the utnioft proof of their abilities
ill riding, ftisoting, fencing, and fucli like manly
cxercifes. This mandarin, whole title is Hi-yo-taii,
delivers themes to the (ludenis, who arc obliged to
return anfwers within a limited time, otherwife they
will be expelled from the (eat of learning ) he is alio
obliged to viflt every city, town, and viTl.ige, in the
province, and iranfmit to Pckinj; an account of what
coniei under his notice. This is fuch a plan of ex-
cellent policy, as ought to be imitated by all thole
nations whoever heard any account of it.

The mandarin generally divides, his ftuJents into fix
clafles, whom he vifits once every year ; and it at the
third examination anyfhould happen to be abfent with-
out afligning a reafonablecaufe for it, they will be in
danger of lofing their degrees. All tholi; who have
had their degrees, go once in three years to Peking,
to hear the public examinations, unfefs they arc in
office, and then they are excufed. On thefc occa-
fions the cmprror is prcfent, and dictates qucltions to
the young gentlemen.

In China, the hufbandmcn arc treated with great
refpeft, and confulercd, as they always ought to be, as
worthy members of fociety. They are preferred to all
forts of merchants and mechanics : their profeflion
being accounted the mod neceflary in the Oate.
Moft of their children are brought up at the public
expencc, for they look upon the cultivation of the
earth as the principal means of human exigence.
Great part of their hufbandry confifts in rice, and
they manure their land extremely well ; gathering,
for that purpofe, all fuch things as can be of any fcr-
vicc to il, fuch as rotten herbs, linfecdoil, and ma-
ny other things. This fort of manure, which in
fome countries would burn up the plants, is of great
fervice in China, where they have the art of temper-
ing it with water, before they ufc it. They gather
the dung in pails ; which thr.y commonly carry co-
vered on their (honldcrs ; and this contributes very
much to the clcannefs of their cities, the tilth being
taken away every day. The induftry of thofe hul-
baiidmen is almotl incredible ; but fuch is the kind-
nefs of the foil, that it repays them amply for their
trouble, by producing generally two crops in the
year of different forts of grain.

The number of merchants and traders in China
is exceeding great j for into whatever town one en-
ters, there litem to be more fellers than buyers : they
are all very obliging, and will not rcfufc money, lo
as they can be in the Icafl gainers. When they once
tell the lowed price of their goods, they will not
abate any thing ; notwithft.inding all the arguments
that might be ufcil for tliat purpt)li.'. We are told
by Le-Comptc, that there arc no people in the world
better acquainted v«ith trade than the Chinel'e : fur
they are very infinuating in their manners, and their
cagernefs to get money puts them daily upon the
invention of fome new fchemes. They turn every
thing to advantage, and undertake the moft difficult
voyages for the leaft hope of gain. They have a
mean opinion of foreign merchants, it being a max-
im with them, in their commerce, that all thofe

who come to iraJc with (hem, would li;ur tlu'ir
goods lor as little as pi;lhhle, oi even lor iiolhun; at
all it (hry coulJ.

ILiving laid tlius mudi loncrrniiig China in gene-
ral, we Ih.ill pruciid to j;ni' .i more p.iilKuUr at:,
count lit It in the woidsot the travtllirs ihiiijli'lvcn.

" The tiiK place we canu- to (f.iys Itraiid, tciie.
tary til the Kiilll.in aniballador} was a lortilicd (own
on the Coiilini's of the proviiKC of Ouuri, iiihabittd
by the ruin;iits, a luJe people, Immerly \vuh<iiii any
form o( j;ineriiiiicntj but now liilijiCt to the Clmiele j
for all that p,ut of Dauri lyiiij; on the other li'leot the
river Aijiiiiii, is fubjeCt to the RiilJi.ins. Wc found
molt ot (tie people here employed In hufhaiidry, and
we law l.ir'e erops of barely, Oals, and tobacco. Al-
ter we had Ipcnt three d.iys more in tr.ivelliiig through
the defan, we came to ilie villaj'.e of Siittcgat j where
being nut hv the Adogeda, or niiiiilter, who had aluiiij
with him .ibout fifty perlons, he united us to hi»
tent the lame evcningi where he treated us with niilk-
tea, and lome fwcctnicats .ind preferves. Ntxt day,
the adogeda liavin;^ invited the aniballador to dinnei,
he met him at fome diltaiue from his tent, and, atlet a
mutual fdule, conducted him thither.

The dinner was I'erved up, on a Iniall table, with-
out a table-i loth i the amballador, and the :ulo;;edaj
h iviii" each his own dilh, as had every one of the lilt.
Our ilitlies weic tilled with foup :uul mutton ; aiul liic
feeond courle was pottaj^e witli a kind ot puililini; iii
it, long and thick like a (.;ut. 'Iluie lieing no knives
or forks, we were at tirlt greatly at a lots, till wc taw
the adoi^eda take two llrai^ht ttieks of etiony, tipped
with gold and filver at the end, and about a ijuaiii r of
a yard in length ; with thele he took the viCluaU out
of thedilhes, and having bit a laige moiithtui, let the
reft fall into the dilh again. Alter dinner, two lilver
cups filled with brandy were brought in, one fur the
adogeda, and the other for the amballador, which
they both drank off j and we who attended, v^-eie It-rveil
in China cups with the fame liquor, which wc were
obliged to drink to the bottom, and then we had a
dilh of fwcetmeats fervcd up.

Having relied ourfelves two days longer, till Septem-
ber the 14th, the amballador invited the adognlato
dinner, and we found that our provifions leemcii as
Itrange to them, as theirs did to u«. After dinner the
adogeda and ambafliidor, by the help of the interpreter,
converted very friendly together, and then we touiid
what our allowance was to be from the court. The
emperor had ordered the adogeda to furnilh us with
carriages and all torts of provifions that we lliould
want, fuch as bread, mutton, brandy, and milk-tea,
io that we were not in want of any thing. ^V'e t'oui.d
all the inhabitants in this part of the country the
grofl'eft pagans we ever met with j for they worlhippcd
the devil in the night, with the molt horrid outcries.
Their houfes arc beth coiuenient and neat, and moft
of them procure a fuhfitlencc by planting tobacco.
On the 16th, the ambalFador fent the adogeda a
prcfent of forty fables, fifty ermines, with two fine
looking glall'cs, and fevcral other things ; but it wag
dilHcult to perluade him to accept of them, for the
Chinel'e have very high notions of honour, it be-
ing a maxim with them never to accept of a prcfent
without niakini; a double return.

September 7. 1 II, the adogeda fent the ambaflador
fix tables with fweetmeats, and feveral bottles of
brandy J and invited us to dinner on the 23d, as we
did hini on the 24th. On the zgth, our carriages be-
ing got ready, we proca'ded on our journey, and Ipent
the two next days at a village, where wc were treated
with great hofpitalify J for it ought to be mentioned,
to the honour of the Chinefe, that they are very obli-
ging toltrangers. We found many inllanccsof this,
for all the wliile we palled through thedefart, we were
accommodated with very conunient lodgings, and
where-cvcr we arrived at night, fcrvants were ordered to
attend us with what kitchen utcnfils wc wanted, and
in the morning they conducted us part of ourjoutr
ney. We were furc to have frclh horfcs every other
I 4ay

J ft

TRAVELS IM CHINA.

ity, »nil Wf were eonft«ntly giurdnl In the niRht by ^ "i, i (h« nearer we »ppro«ch*.l the Chintfe wall, rli<
pir|im« who liiiJ btlUtosiv! the «l >"•'" if thcrr Ihoii'il country ^ppcaird inon- dind mnre |v.puli in j iitul nur
t .iiiV luttfliry f'>r it. (.)ur c'Mivrrf.itioM with ih UlHhtir ,ljy« j'UriK-y, bi fon.- we i<(it ('ii;ht ot it, vvn

hy a r(i.iil 1 III ;i'iv coincniriitty thi lu^h ihi u *%,
III the mitjd of which w.w a city, cut (ii>t of a niniiii-
i.iiii, c.illiil K >r.i- R itdii. Ill ihi> pl.».<' wi' wi :' .il-
liiwril hii;;, iiili. ,\cl ' Ih Pi .inil It iiMv iKit b> iiii<

•any lUdfliry for it. (.)ur coiivrrf.itioM with ih
adu^ril.i tiiintj moftly upon piilitic«, whirl' rmlcil
chiefly HI praifc«f th'- Chin ■!<■ i lor, lilie ino(l olh' r
pcnplf, ihry »rf fXtrrnitly (oiiil o| fl.titrry.

Th.-chiet Jifflcully we h.ul to (Wii.-.^lc with .v.is the
fcarcilyof wmr, for it 11 viiy niu lily 111 thi <li(4ii,
fo thJt wh ii^vrr we met with iiiy lh.it wi^ fr<(h, wc
Werr i)bli;;f'l i'>lil| iiur liMthir botile? wiih it.

Wr Irinu.n' iy tlivirttd oiirltlvc* wiih huntm ^ i
which 1 vij< iicc in d.in ;ir ot hiviiii; paul Hi n
for. Hivi i;onr nui "lie niornint; with a p.ii-
ticular iMenii of iiiiiir, to (liooi (oni-- lh'"P, we
milTeil our oir.ivan, ami rddf ah.ni' th- ihlJit two
days .11. 1 n;o;hi«, lill coniint? withni fii'Jit of luini
Tart.iri.in nu' , we wim riuuli .ili id, aiil fought to
conceal ourfilv.:*, Ull tiny il) nild h;i\ ■ mtinlcrrd us.
Biit wc ha'l forn\cH 101 h.. Ill noiioii* of tholepin
pie I for no foomr'lid ih' y (•t- w, iliin they con-
dudei ui tolheir cabini or huts "here, b-yoodonr
expect itions, iliey treat -d uh veiy oiili -iii^ly, and h'v-
inghy (ijjn. made them uno'rl'ind mat wc bclonpd
totheRulTian amb. fliidoi , tluy fent a iHLllin^'cr t
give h m notice ut our bfina there j ami ihit wc
waited for his eomini;, which ac accorilin^ly did till
the caravan p.iflid thai wny."

From what is here r-latcd by thr f-'crrtary, we find
that Europeans are apt to ulc too h irih expnllions
in calling all heathem favapes i for ulihou^jh tli.ir
manners are nftt fo retined ai our', iheir vie s .n,- ooi fu
numerous, Notwilhrtandin^ fomc of .huiinia) com
mil robbery, and murder travellers, yet we 11 ulf iioi
fuppofe ihim all equally guilty ; and jiriibably tholi
wh'tdocominit furh crimen, arc fuch a« their own I iws
would punilh. V/.; have but too little re iloii to con
demii them, while fuch crimes arc d ily eommittcd
amonpft ourfelves, of which it would bt in vain to
proJucc inllancej. In all accounts of thcle penple, wc
ftould judge In the molf candid manner; lor if the
Chinele have not been able to civili/.' thofp Tartars
fubj"ft to them, neither dues it appi.-.r that we hive
made many improvements in the niaiiiicrs of thole
heathens wlitre we have feltlements.

Oftobtr 15, wc arrived near the banks of the river
Cafuinur, which falls into the river N.uin i where
having refreflied ourfelves for twenty- four hours, we
continued our journey, and on the lOtli p.ifled in fight
of 'he ruin of feveral antient citKs, the remains
of tli.m having fome ftrange fi^jures upon thrm, very
different from any that arc to he foiiinl in Lurope.
They t.ild us that thole place'; had been dLltroyed by
Alexander the (Jreit i hut although Ciiiiiiiiu> Cur-
tius tells us, ihat the Grecian conqurior exienJeil
his conqucfts into India, yet no ni.o, who has the
leaf! Itnoalcdf^e of the country, on rccolUiiHiig th.
(hort time that hero lived, who dud in the j^d year
of his age, will ever believe that he went lo far a-
China. At the fame places we (aw lar;;e ftoiie pil-
lars, with bells hanging on them, winch made a noiie
as often as the wind blew upon them. A little be-
yond thefc we diCcovcred the ruins of fomc places,
with the figuies of men, women, and Iwafts cut on
ilone, but could not learn for what re;ifnn they had
been fet up. The molt probable conjeiilure we could
form was, they had been fet up in memory of fome
illiiftrious p< r(()ns, whofc names arc not recorded i.i
hiftorv, and that all this <lcva(lation happened when
the Tartars invaded China, or when the Chinefe
foiight againll each ' ;. it, as was frequently the cali.-.

I'here were vart m nbers of wild Ihccp, deer, and
liacs, all the way aloiigas we ciolTed the delart, and
wc had leave to (hoot as many of them a« wc thought
proper. There were likewife vaft numbers of phca-
fants, but as they did not fit upon the boughs of the
trees, fo we found it a difRcult matter to catch them ;
but the talios, or fecretary, whom the adogcdahad
brought along with him, was very expert In thatex-
ercife, and we were furpri.'ed to fee how eafily the
Chinefe could flioot any fowls flying. Wc obferved
Vol). I. No, 50.

L/U> lll\^ V'.OVVV ill^l>' .-."III. UIIUKIIIL tJLII'L;!

I they have lery conlufed and urols noiiima
ng him. When they bury their diail, they

p-r loobl i v> , ill .t alllioii^li the C .iin Ir Iv .'S aia
ii'ii lar'^e, y i tii.y are lo (o, ihat tlirlr hillic> hanij
.'own lo the , r uinil. A«thefe rocics ihion h which
we paffed, aie liiftlJed with ty(;er«, Kop.iid", and
pamiK-i , i- Was oii!''red ih.it noiu lliould l'..vc ilia
earavm , unlel's ihr.-w re it le.iK thlie in lompinyj
indliie-arms :iloii;; Willi iheni i tor iioilorn '" 'nine
I o'liinon than |oi ilwile wild bealt* lo iliv n'l rn.ls
p.ifl" ngers, lit wtuv-h ihrre will be many ihllalice* ic-
cii'd III liiecoiirle ot ihi, work.

Having p.illed ih' fe r'.ck«, we had t good ]• iimey
ij ih Cliiii'le w.ill, <nd here we h.id .m oppoiliiniiy
of iiukini; fome ini|ii'ries into ilie ceumi.i n of the
.Vl.iuiul Tartar*, who inniibil tin le pirt'.. They
have iheir donu ilic idols, to whom they oH'er up fa-
mtices; but they b'.licve there is one Supreme Heingj
althoUp'h
concerning

place a coik upon the lid of the ci ffin, and tins in-
duced us to beli. vr that iheh. he. ;hiin have (o,. r no-
tion, fi-^ni !ra! ■' t'( a 'cfuirtition. The cri'Wi;ig
of the cock IS generally i ligii o( the approich (I iho
morninjj ; and proh biy they do this to point out the
morning of the relurrcftion. This hov«iver i« only
memijnid by way of conjicturej b'eaufo we found
nanv other thiir;s of a (mgiilar iiatiiti, vvhiih we
."iilJ not eafiK I'ccount for. Inlted the nioll rc-
■ aikable thing we nut V ith here was, .1 .M' iigul
mm, .ind fhe was Ircijur'nily at her pr.iycrs, wall her
hook in hi: hands, litin^ .iflccd, b' he anil.ifl'..d.'r<
to whom (lie offered herpravi'rs) (lie .iitwerrd, " Td
thelameCiod, v.lio biing excluded Irom heaven by
yourCjoJ, will at lilt r.turii, and put your (ludout
of bis place, and thon you will li:e procfigious altcrii-
tions on thiscjith."

Ml. Krand, the (irretary, h.is made no remarks upon
•hisexprjTion I f the nun, which is the mor- to ba
wondirtd at, b caufe he n tor tlie mofl part viiy ju-
ilieioiis, and (i.enis to have been a man of veiy tx-
tentivc knowledi;c. Let the iiitelliecnt rcador I'Ut at-
ti lid (miy a few uimites to the Wdr';-, n:id he will
Hnd that thev ha\e a near affinity with II. e pagan my-
thology, which tiaches, that ilu relvlii. us gods were
driven out of beavin ; nay, it may he added fjrih.r^
that this tradition itfelf w.imio rithei than a mutilated
account of the fallen angels. Hut to return to our
traveller.

" Oi-loher J7, towards evening, wc got fight of
ihe famous Chiiiele wall, and it was the mi (I Itupen-
doii; work we hid ever feen. Near ihe fird gate wc
entered at, the wall fecmed rather decayed ; and a little
farther wc pallid through anoihei gate, which w..s for-
tifieil, in the form of a baltion. W,. (j.iflld two more
;.;ates, and ov.r th ihiid w .is a gii.ird of foldi-rs, who
arcccndanily placed there in order to fprcad . n .ilarmj
in cafe the Alongul Tartar fhould attempt 10 make
an ittack. Scaicc had wi p.ifUd a niili with n thefe
;ates, when we came to a (Ironj town called Cjalyra,
and near it we met witli the fi.'lt idol of the Chinefe,
ot which they h.ive vj(i numbers, not only in the
empire at large, but likewife in every ciiv, town
and village. The idols we faw at this place had a
moft dreadful afpeiif, having ("pears in their hands,
and lurroundcd with all the impli ments of war.

Oi^ober 28, we p.-ifled by another ChMi'-Ce city,
and in the evening arrived at the city of Xaniuning,
where we were I'plcnJidly en'ertained by the governor^
and officers both civil and mililaiy, in the fame man-
ner .If wc^ad been in all the places through which we
pafTeJ. Muficians were ordered to divert us, and the
evc'aing was fpcnt in the nioft agreeable manner.

On the 29th wc came to the city of Xun-gu-kou,

where we were diverted with a farce, on a ftage ercflei

7 M lot

5<»o

TRAVELS

I N

CHIN A.

for that purpofc. Hercwefaw, in one of their tem-
ples, a goJdefs of ftonc, 118 feet high, with 700
hands ; and as we frequently went into their temples,
we foufii' all their idols richly drefled, but with the
miitl frightful countenances. Near this place were
many <epulchres of the dead ; and on the joth of
October, meeting a great many men and woiiien on
the road followingan idol, preceded by pipers, ilriim-
mers, and other muflcians, wv aftced the adogeda
what they meant by it f He told us :hat they were
going to perforin their devotions at a fepulchre, and
that they were obliged to take their god along with
them. \Vc learned afterwards, that this is a common
prailicc in China, much in the fame manner as it was
with the Greeks of old, and other heathen nations
thinughout many parts of the world, as appears by
the te(fimony ot travellers.

The fame day we came in fight of a fpacious place
called the Red City, and famous for being the bury-
ing place of many of their princes and emperors in
antient timis. We lodged that night in a village, and
as fome extraordinary bufinel's detained the adogeda
in the place, we fct out in the morning without him ;
hut btfore we hrd travelled far, his lieward came up,
and defired us to tarry a little in the place where we
were ; his maftcr being on the road to overtake us,
we fpent this lime in taking a view of one of their
tempks, where we faw three of the adogeda's fervants
prollrating themfelves before an idol that ftood in the
middle, and two others that ftood on both fides of it.
We were much furprileil to find a people, who in
many things are undoubtedly ingenious, and more
acquainted with learning than cither the Maho-
metans or many o'her people in the world, fuch
grols idolaters ; for wherever we went, we found
temples ere£led, and the number of their gods Teemed
almoftendlifs.

November the ad, we came to the city of Tunko,
famous for its traffick in Porcelain, and here we were
again fumptuoudy entertained with all forts of mufic,
and we had a play acted in the evening; the a£lors
bcins; in the richeft dreflcs we had ever feen.

The next evening wc came near to the fuburbs of
Peking, the capital city of China, wher" wc were
met by many perl'ons of high rank from the emperor's
court. November the 4th, the ambaflador made his
public entry into Peking, in the following order :
About one hundred peace officers t« clear the fttcets ;
thcfe were followed by a party of the emperor's
guards, with drums, trumpets, and other forts of
martial mufick. Behind them walked the adogeda,
who had condu£fcd us from the borders of China.
And then the ambafl'ador himfelf, with two of the
emperor's ofHcers of ftate on each hand. And we,
who compofed his retinue, clofed the proceflion. We
were alt lodged in the court, as is the cuftom for am-
bafladors from Ruflia to China. -Here we lodged till
November the 12th, when the adogeda came to inform
the ambafl'ador, that he was to have an audience the
next day, and therefore dcfircd him to have his cre-
dentials ready. He alJced him at the lame time. Who
were to carry the prefcnts .' I'he ambaflador told him,
the Coflacks I which did not feem to pleafe the
sdogeda ; for he would rather have had them carried
by Chinefc fervants; but this the ambaOador would
..-.ot comply with.

It was, however, November the 14th, before we
could get every thing ready ; ano .hen we proceeded
to court in the fcdlowing order : Fifteen Coilacks
carrying the prefents,- followed by one of the mailers
of the jewel-office to the Fmperor of Rtiffia ; and he
was followed by myfelf as fccietary of the embafTy,
carrying the credentials : the ambafl'ador came next,
attended by four adogedas ; and in the rear marched
the reft of the gentlemen belonging to the embafl'y.
Coming to the caflle, we alighted from our hotCes,
and walked in through a long narrow paflage, arched
on the top, and at each end was a ftrong folding gate.
Within the inner gate, we came to a fpacious ftonc
bridge, abgut fixty paces iti length, and on each fide

was a wall not above three feet high ; but ailotned
with a grc-it number of images cut in ftone. Kevond
the bridge we pafled through a bro.nd (parlous court,
where wc faw two large pillars wroiiiiht verv artifici-
ally, and aelorned with a variety of Injures, tievoud
this court, we «cre conducted into the moft fpacious
?nd elegant hall I have ever fccn ; and there ue f.iw
tables pliiccd, with ht.lftcrson the ground for us to fit
on, whiih is tlie eullc HI in China, particulailv with
Itich as are treated with more thanoidinary refpicl.

Wc had not been fiateil above ten minute'-, when
we faw the great minifters of ftate enter the hall, and
the emperor walking behind them, and into lii.s own
hands the credentials were delivered. The prefcnts
were given to the adogeda, who ordered them to be
laid upon the tables; and then the four great officers
of ftate walked forwards, and falulcd the ambafl'ador.
They enquired very particularly concerning the health
of the czar ; and told the atnbafl'ador, that the cre-
dentials (hould be imnudiately tranflaled, and an an-
Iwer given to them. F'his ceremony being over, we
were rc-ctmducted to the ambafliidor's lodgings in the
fame manner we came; and within three hours after,
two adogedas came to let the amb-nlFador know, that
the czar's letters had been received with more than
ordinary fatisfaclion at court, and that the emperor
had lent all lorts of moft delicious prtivifions for him
and his retinue for that day, brcaufe we were to dine
with the emperor on the day follow ing. This was an
honour wc did not expect, and the adogeda did not
tail to let IIS know that few anibnlTaelors had ever
been indulged with fuch a privilege.

Next day we went in proceflion to the palace in the
fame manner as before, and being feated again on
pillows, in the hall already mentioned, the emperor,
attended by the fame officers as before, came forwards,
and welromed the ambafl'ador with a very heartv faliite.
Four tables were immediately brought in, two of
which were covered with forty filver dilhes, filled
with all forts of iweetmeats, for the anibafliidor ; and
the other two which had likcwife fweetmcats on them,
and mutton, were for us who belonged to his retinue.
After dinner we were treated with the liquor called
milk-tea, in wooden diflies, which, when we had
drank off the liquor, were rc-delivered to the fervants
with a low inclination of the head. The ambafl'ador
was no fooner rifen from table, than all the fweet-
meais were given to the Cofl'acks, who carried them
away w hen we left the palace. The whole of this
entertainment was conduced with fo much decorum
and fobrieiy, that we could not help forming very
high notions of Chinefe politenefs. It is true, there
were many ceremonies obferved, but they were not
impoled on u.'^, nor did they blame us for not com-
plying with what we did not underftand. Two days
after we had dined with the emperor, his firft minifter
of ftate, accompanied by f<;veral of the officers of
court, waiteel on the ambafl'ador, who entertained
them with very good mufick, to their no fmall fatif-
faction and pleaiure. The ambafl'ador likewife pre-
fented the tlorgamba, or chief minifter, with a large
looking-glafs, two fmaller ones, two watches, with
fome other things, fuch as fables, black foxes flcins,
ermines, and other Siberian commodities, which
were accepted of in the moft obliging manner.

November the iSth, two heralds came from the
palace, to invite us to dine again with the emperor;
and we were conduced to the hall where wc had dined
before. The ambafl'ador, with fourteen of his
retinue, being feated on the pillows, the officers of
ftate already mentioned, came in; and after the mu-
tual compliments were over, alked the ambafTaJor,
if ho could fpcak Latin ? He anfwered, he eould not ;
they then alked if any one in his retinue could, an^l
being tolel there was one, but he was afraid he could
not hold a long convcrfation, they went away, leav-
ing us to wait for the emperor. We waited in the
hall five hours, when the adogeda came, and ron>
dueled us through three fine gates, and as many fpa-
cious courts. In the middle court was a beautiful
■^ fifli-

TRAVELS IN CHINA,

W»

fifti-pon<] filled with clear water, and over it a noble
bridge, fupporccd by five lofty ardies.

Ai foon as we entered the prefence chamber, we
found the emperor fcalcdon his throne ; and the am-
baflador »as condu(tted by the aJogcda, and featcd
bi-lidchimon his right hand.

The room, which w s very lofty, and adorned with
many marble Itatues, was Ailed with vail numbers ui'
courtiers, carrying the emperor's arms on their brealls
and biwks wrought in gold. Juft oppofitc the door
of this room we had a view of the feraglio on the one
hand, and the imperial temple on the other. The
ambalTaclor's retinue Itood behind him, and oppofite
the four chief niinifters of ftate. Near the throne
<luod a guard of forty pcrfons, alldrefl'ed in one uni-
form manner, holding in their hands halberts, pikes,
and battle-axes. We had not fat long when we faw
a table brought in, covered very thick with large
di{hes of gold, filled with fweetmeats, grapes, ap-
ples, pears, chefnuts, China oranges, citrons, and
«thcr fruits. Every one took care to obfcrve when
the emperor began to eat ; and having gently inclined
their heads, they eat likcwife.

Several tables were fet for thcarnhnflador's retinue,
with large diihcs of filvcr, filled with Iweetmeats,
and fuch other things as had been ferved up for the
emperor. The perfons who waited at tiible were
richly drelTed, which furprifed us much ; but we
learned afterwards tlial thefc were officers of rank at
court.

After dinner, which lafted three hours, two very
large cups of brandy being prcfented to the emperor,
he commanded the dorganiba, and another of his chief
ininillers, to conduct the ambaflador to the throne;
and he being come upon the fteps, the dorgamba gave
one of thele cups to the ambafiador, defiring him to
make a low bow with his head, and then drink it off at
one draught. This being done, fcveral jefuits came
into the room, and fpoke in Latin to the amballador,
and he anfwercd them in Italian, that he tvasnot well
acquainted with Latin. It happened that one of the
jefuits underftood Italian, and by order of the em-
peror, he afked the ambafl'ador fevcral qucflions ; as.
How long he had left Mofcow i what wars were car-
rying on in Europe i ^d whether the Czar was en-
gaged in any ol them i with many others of a fimilar
nature. All thcfe being anfwered and explained to
the emperor, the ambafiador was re-condu<ited to the
throne, and we in our turn ordered to -ftand before the
emperor, and drink a gold cup full of brandy each.
Returning to our feats, we had milk-tea fet before
us to drink. The tables being removed, the adogcda
condufled us into another room, that we might not
fee the emperor delceiid from the throne, that being
contrary to the laws of China, becaufe by that is
pointed out his being dethroned, which noiion like
wife prevails in other parts of the eaft.

The royal family of China are dcfcended from the
Mongul Tartars, and the emperor who treated us
with fo much magnificence, was of a brown com-
plexion, tall, and about fifty years of age. After
he left the throne, he came into the room where we
were, and ordered all that was left of the fweet-
meats to be given to the fcrvants. By this time it
was drawing towards evening, and we were re-con-
dudU'd to the ambalFador's lodgings. <vherc we made
iHir remarks upon* Chinefe magnificc.ce 3P.d hofpi-
' tality, nor did wo know which to commend moft.

In this manner we fpent the time in a continual
round of fcaftine, till December ii, when we were
invited to be prelent at a grand folemnity, it being
theil.iy on which the Chinefe Inrds pay their homage
to the emperor. They proftratcf'. themfelves fevcral
times before him, and knocked their heads againft the
ground. This ceremony being over, we were again
entertained as before, and in the evening theadogeda
condui^led us to fee a play adled. It was fomewhat
like our European opera, there being much mufic in
it, and the aAion was tragic, but it was impoflible
for us to know upon wb*t it was founded. After the
; «. I ' -

play was over, there was fonicthing adled lilcc a rnrce^
confiftiiig chiefly of legerdemain tricks, and levi ral
other feats of dexterity.

The jefuits, of whom there were eight in Pekin»
at that time, treated us with a fine dinner, and t\\t
imball'ador returned the compliment within a (c\^
lays afterwards. We continued at the court of
Peking upwards of fourmontlis, \vl>cn having fettUd
every thing relating to our embafly, wj were le-con-
dudfed out of the empire to the borders of Rullia, in
the moll honourable manner, having had carriage!*,
horfts, and provifions allowed us."

Such is the narrative of Mr. Brand, who returned
home to Rullia with his ambafl'ador. And we fhall
now give a delcription of the imperial city of I'ekingj
from the learned jefuits. Father Du Haldc, and I'a-
ther Le Compte.

It is called Peking, which fignifies the Court of
the North, it being the ordinary refidence of the em-
peror's, who removed from the fouth to fettle here,
about the year- 1405, in order to watch the motions of
the Tartars. It is the capital of the empire, fituated
in a mod delightful plain, twenty leagues from tho
great wall. It is almod fquarc, and is divided into
two equal parts. That where the emperor's palace
(lands is named Lau-Ching, or the Old City. It is
alfo called the Tartar city, becaufe the houfes are in-
habited by the Tartars, as are likewife the lands a-
round it ; and they have ever been exempted from
taxes fincc the prcfcnt royal family came to the throne^
the emperor being defcended from thofe people,

The fecond is called Lingo-Ching, or the New
City i becaufe the Chinefe retired from the old city,
and fettled here when the prefcnt family took pof-
feflion of the empire. Both thele cities, taken toge-
ther, are about eighteen Englilh miles in circumfe-
rence, and are encompaflcd with ilrong walls. I'hofs
of the old city are ftately, and worthy of the greateit
capital city in the world ; but thofe of the new city
are narrow, and have nothing in them remarkable.
The walls of the old city are made with an afccnt }
and there are houfes for the foldiers to do duty in, at
proper diftances from each other.

I'he ditch is dry, but very broad and deep, and
every thing is kept in the fame order as if they
were continually in fear of an enemy. The gates of
the city are nine in number, and they are high and
well arched, with pavilions over them. Their pavi-
lions arc nine ftories high, and each flory is furnifhed
with loop-holes ; the lower ftory forming a great hall
for the officers and foldiers. Before each gate thers
is an o|ien area, or parade, of above three hundred
and fixty feet, which fervesas a place for arms, and
it is encompafliKl with a femicircular wall, like that
of the city. The entrance into thefe parades is never
on that fide which faces the great road leading into tho
city, for the Chinefe are very jealous of the coun-
try people's wives with the foldiers.

The road is alfo defended by a pavilion, with
cannon upon it 1 fo that it would be no eafy matter
for an enemy to get into the city At each gate, on
each fide, are two other pavilions, facing each other^
much lower than that over the gate ; aniTthefe having
likewife cannon placed upon them, no city in the
world can be better guarded, both againft an enemy,
and alfo to fupprcfs infurredlions among its own in>
habitants.

Almoft all the ftrccts are built in a dircdt line, thi
largell being about one hundred and twenty feet broad,
and three miles in length. In this, and in the other
large ftreets, they have many fhops for felling their
niks i and as diflTercnt pieces are hung out, thcfe,
with their gilded figns, give the whole a moft beauti-
ful appearance. 1 heir figns have the figures of all
forts of animals painted uf sn them, and many other
tilings, in the fame manner as in E)urope. The little
ftrcets run all from eaft to weft, and divide the fpace
between the large ones into fo many equal and pro«
portiniiable pans.

The amazing multitudes of people who throng thcfe

flreets,

•'^-

^5^

tllAVfeLS IN

CHINA.

ftreets, without one woman, and the confufion oc-
Cafioncd by the vaft numbers of horfcs, cattle^
anil carria_i^( V, is aftonifhing. Pcrlons ot dinindion
Would bi.' flipped every moment, if they had not a man
On hurlc'b^ck to go "efore, and call to the puflcnjijcrs
to make vviiy. Muny people are carried through the
ftrrets in chairs, but moll commonly they ride on
hurfcback, or on mules. One may hire a liorfe or a
irulc the whole day forfix-pence ; and there are books
fold, which give an account of the ward:i, ftrcets, or
places, where every peribn lives who has any public
employment.

The houles bear no proportion to the beauty of
the flreets, being neither lofty, nor well built ; ex-
cept the emperor's palace : the former aie extremely
mean, the noblemen's being but one ftory high, like
theothejs. But the numerous apartments tliey have
for tncmfelves, their wives, and their donieliicks,
make fome amends fur other deficiencies. 'I'huir
courts of juftice arc no better than their houlb ;
except th.it they have lofty g.ites, with lomc curious
emblematical figures upon them ; but neither the
halls, nor rooms, have any thing in them <%orth no-
tice. All their temples are built at the expcnce of
the emperor ; who alfo allows fomcthing for the
fupport of the priefts, the fchools, the judges, and
ether officers, whether ecclefiaflical or civil.

The governor of Peking is always chofcn in from
among the Tartars, and is called Kyu-men-ti-tii, or
General of the nine gates. He has under his jurifdic-
tion the foldiers as well as the inhabitants, in all
civil matters i and nothing can exceed the policy
obferved here. It is amazing to fee the perfefl tran-
quillity that reigns among fo many people. For
leveral years together a houl'e is not broken, nor a
murder committed ; for it would be almoli impof-
fiblc for the criminals to efcape being punilhcd.

All the great (treets, which run in a line from one
gate to another, have foldiers day and night, with
fwords by their fides, and whips in their hands, to
clialiife all without diftinAion who make any dif
turbance ; and to contiiie thofe who refill ; the lellt:r
flretts have, at each end,- wooden gato, with openings
In them, fo that the foldiers can lee »hat is tianfaiSl-
ing. Thcfe wooden gates are Ibut at night, and not
opened till morning ; unlcfs a perfon wants a phy-
fician, or fome other thing ablolutcly neccflary. As
foon as the lirft ftroke of the watch is given on a
great bfll, two rfr three of the foldiers walk from
one guard to another, playing with a ihort piece of
wood upon a thing refembling a bowl.

They fufter none to walk the llreets at night, and
even queftion thofc whom the emperor lends upon
bufinefs ; who, if they cannot give a good account ol
themfclves, are immediately taken intocuftody. That
the foldiers may be conftantly upon their duty, the
governor orders fome of his officers to go round the
rtrccts, at the time they are leall expe^ed ; and this
keeps them conflantly upon their duty. It is truc-
the empire is put to great expence on this account ;
for part of the foldiers are employed for nothing elfe,
but to take care of the flreets ; and they have large
pay. But what fignitits theexpencc, while the place
K well governed, and crimes prevented inflead of
being puniflicd.^ If fomcthing on a plan fimilar to
this was adopted by us, we fliould not have (o many
hnufes broken, nor fee fuch numbers of wretches
executed.

Befides thefe foldiers watching day and night,
it is their bufinefs to fee that every one fweeps that
part of the (Ircct before his own door ; and waters
the place morning and evening in dry weather. The
foldiers tluiiifelves clean the middle part every morn-
ing for the carriages; which isthe more necelwry,be-
ra'ife the flreets are not paved, and the ground is ra-
ther foft.

Alter the foldiers have taken up the dirt, they beat
it, and mix it with dry earth ; fo that within two
hours after rain, the flreets become dry. Du Haldc,
fpcakingof the Obfervatory at Peking, gives the fol-

lowing dcfcription of it. " We firft entered a p ret*
" ty large court, where thofe who took care ol the
" place lodged} going in, we found a very nairu\y
" llair-cafe, which led to the top of a fquare tower,
" contiguous to the wall of the 'I'arcar city, and
" railed but ten or twelve feet above ihc bulwark.
" Here the Chinefe ullronomers had placed their
" inllritments,' which although but few, yet took
" up the whole room. I'liole inllrumints were in-
'♦ ferior to what we have in Europe ; fo that when
" we inflrufled them how to make others, according
" to the latell difcbveries, the emperor oidcicd all
" the old ones to be locked up. iiut though the in-
" flruments we taught them to make, were extiemcly
" good, yet they could not be pciniittcd to ule them^
" till an order from the emperor came fur tliac
" purpofe."

The city bell for flriking the watch, or hour of
the night, is reckoned the biggcft in the worlJ } and
the iound of it is heard at a great diflance in the
country. It vvas carried up to the tower by engincfi
contrived by the jefuits, t'> the aftoniflirr.ent of the
whole court, who had never fccn any thing of the
nature before.

We have alreaJy given an account of the manner
in which the Rulfian ambali'aJor was treated at Pe-
king : but tir.ind the leciotary has given us. but a very
imperfedl account of the emperor's palace j th^.' thfl
is not to be wondered at, efpecially when we confidir
that even the ambaffador himfelf was not admitted
into any parts of it but the hall of audience, and
the (lining room. It is to the two learned jefuits,
Du HaKle and Le Compte, that we are indebted
tor a proper defcription of that magnificent flruiSure.
Thefe jeiuits had ;;ained the nffei^tions of the Chinefs
fo much, that they were admitted into every place,
except the feraglio, whire none arc permitted to go
bcfides the emp':ror and his eunuchs.

This fpacious palace Hands in tiie middle of the
old Tartar city ; is of a fquare form j theeail, north,
and weft fides, being equally dillant frcra the waif.
I'he fouth fide forms the front, and has many cu-
rious figures upon it. It is divided into two, one
being called the outer, and the other the inner pa-
lace. The outer palace is an oblong fquare, about
four miles in circumference, and fuiiouiided by a
w.-ill, with gates, at each of which a guard is
kept.

The fouth gate is the gate of the palace itfcif, be-
ing about one hundred fathoms from the great gate
of the city, and is called the gate facing the noon day
fun. The inner wall, which immediately encompaflet
the palace where the emperor refides, is extremely
high and thick, built with large bricks, and embel-
lilhed with battlements, well contrived. It has four
gates with large arches ; thole to the fouth being
three-fold, but the others on the fides are finglr.
Upon thefe gates, and upon the four angles of the
walls arc eight towers, or rather h.ills, ofantxtra-
ordinary bigiicfs, and very cuiious workmanfhip,
varniflied with a mofl beautiful red, adorned with
flowers of gold, and covered with tiles painicd yellow,
which when the fun fliines upon ihim, npper.r as if
they were of folid gold. In the reigns of the Chinefe
emperors, twenty eunuchs kept guard at each of thefe
gates i but ever fince the Tartais fubducd the empire,
foldiers have been appointed in their room. All
the officers of the palace, with the mandarins, are
allowed entrance within thefe gates; but all others
are prohibited under the fevercft penalties, unlefs they
fliew a tablet of ivory, with the name of the manda-
rin upon it to whom they belong. Round this inner
wall is a deep moat filled with water.

Clofc by the eaftern wall on the outfide, runs a
river, over which are built feveral very fair bridges
all of marble, except the arch in the middle, where
there is a draw-bridge, which is never let down but
when fome of the officers are to pal's. The whole
palace is divided into a great number of apartments,
each being for a feparate ufe, particularly for the

great

/•RAVELS IN CHINA.

593

<»!f.M ofliuis of ftuir, loicign .imbafladors, and

I'lii; firll apartment is calli'J tlic Portal of grejl
lie.imy, orl'uiityi an>l it lu. three gates, wliicli are
ncvti <i|nned, but when the »(ii|Kr(ir goes out of town.
Ucyorid ihi< apartment U u vail court, adorned on
iTkcU lide vtiih porticoes, fupjinrled by t^^u hundred
pillars, vsliich prel'ent a gr^iiid piol'pedt from the gate,
rijc lecond .ipiriinent has hvc izates, three of wTiich
arc never opened but lor thir emperor, but the other
two admit the uHicers ol Hate. Above each of thefe
gates (lands a fpacioti:* hall, adorned with a large
plumber of columns gilded on fomc parts, and painted
with vermilion on others. At the end of this court,
is the apartment called the Portal of the Beginning;
and behind it another apaitnient, called the Portal
uf the South, which is the lirTt within the inner
wall. The entry to t'lis apartment confilts of three
vaft arches, with halls above each, well built, and
beautifully adorned with all forts of paintings in
gold and vermilion, according to the talle of the
Chincfe.

The next apartment is called the Supreme Portal,
being far fupcrior to any of ihofc we have yet men-
tioned. It has five g^tcs, and the afccnt to each is
by ninety Heps } hut before they can come to them,
they mull crofs a moat filled with water, having
five bridges over it. All thefe gates are adorned
with beautiful pilafters, richly carved and finely
painted. At the end of this apartment is the grand
imperial hall, the afcent to which is by five pair of
ftairs, each of forty fleps, and all of fine marble, cu-
rioufly wrought. I'wo of thefe flairs are for the
great ofHcers of (late, and two more for the eunuchs,
that in the centre being for the emperor himfelf.
During the reigns of the Chinefe emperors, this hall
was rcekoncd one of the wonders of the world, both
for -'s arc'hileiflure, and the richncis of its furniture ;
bwt when the Tartars invaded the empire, great p;irt
of it was dcftroyed. This is the halt in which the
cmperrr receives the homage of all his viillals, and
gives audience to foreign ambalTadors, as wc have
already feen in the account written by Brand. The
hall is lurrounded with grand pillars, each two whereof
are divided at the top by an arch, which forms an
opening below for every perfon, a'ho hasbufmcfsat
Court, to (land according to his rank.

Beyond this is another fpacious hall, called the Hall
of Concord, where the emperor comes only twice in
the year, to fettle every thing with his officers of (late
concerning the government of the empire. Here all
complaints are heard, and frefh indrudlions are given,
and appeals are determined, which have been fent up
from inferior tribunals. For this realbn, there is at
theeaftend of the hall a fpacious apartment, with
places for the emperor's judges ; and before them are
benches for the council to (it on, who have come thither
to plead the caufe of thofe who thinic themfclves in-
jured. Beyond this court are the emperor's private
apartments, where he refides with his three emprelTes.
It is called the Manfion of Heaven, clear and with-
out blemifh ; and is the richell and moll fumptuous of
any in the palace. One of thefe ladies is confldercd
as his fole emprcfs, and the other two are treated
according to the place they hold in his afFe£lions.
They have Tepatatc apartments, and each of them has
eunuchs and llaves to wait on her. But b^ftdes
thefe three wives, he has a vad number of concubines,
fometimes upwards of a thoufand, but the children of
thefe are not confidercd as of the bJood royal. This
cuflom is obferved in Turkey ; forLadyWortley Mon-
tague tells us, that though the grand fcignor has a
vail number of concubines, yet the fuccelTion is con-
fined to the children of a few.

Near the feraglio, or apartment for the women,
the emperor has a fpacious court, adorned with pil-
lars and colonades ; and in it are feveral rooms, where
he enjoys himfelf with his miniders and friends.
During thefe meetings, the veil, which covered
jnajefty, and rent dignitv, is laid afide ; and here the

Vot. U. No. J I.

fovercign forgets his ceremonial pomp as a monarch,
in order to enjoy the plealbres of a man. A little
beyond this private apartment, is a grand magnificent
building, where the emperor's hork-s are kept) and
near it is a park, where he enjoys the exercife ef rid-
ing when the weather will permit. All the fervants
nuJci liih mailer of the horic, refide here in different
apartments I and there is a gate, through which they
are allowed to pafs, when they want to go into the city.

The bridge over the moat that furrounds the palace,
is a mod furpiiling druilure. It is made in the form
of a dra^jon, of an extraordinary fize, and lively
ftru(£lurc j and its fore andhiud feet daiiJing in the
water, fupply the place of pillars. His body lurms
the middle arch i his tail another; and his head and
neck the third. The whole is of black jaf|>cr, To
uitl rIoR'd and poliflied, that it Icems to be all of
one piece. It is called Ti-ky.mi;, or the Hying
bridge; for the Chin.fc have a tradition, that inis
dragon fled through the air fro'ni a kingdom of the
EalT Indies, which they call Tytn-cho, or the King-
dom of Bamboos.

In each of thefe courts of the palace there is a
temple ; and in all of tht in vad number of idoh^, to
whom they offer facrifices. Among thif", is one
noted for its obfcenity; for the idol is rLprcfeiiiid
naked, in the fame manner as the Roman Priapus.
It is only worfljipped by the Tartars ; for the Cliinefe
ho'.d it in abhorrence, and mat its pricds as the word
of debauches. The cudom however of facrificing
to this filthy idol, is fo much attended to by the
Tartars, who probably brought it out of their own
country when they conquered Chin;', that the eni .
peror, from political motives, is obliged to damply
with it at lead once in the year. If he were to n( gleet
thi", he would incur the dil|j|fafui'c of his lubjcdls,
tiiat is, of thofe who are Tartars ; and they are not
only the mod numerous, but alfo the moil powuful.

All the druftures already defcribed are covered
with large thick tiles, varnifhed with ycllo^t, green,
and blue ; and fadened with nails ; to witlidand the
winds, which are very high at Peking. Thtfe
temples, palaces, and other public druiSlures, being
feen at a great didance, appear as if covered with
plates of gold when the fun (hines upon thim ;
and the appearance is dill more heightened by the
azure and green, than which nothing that ue can
form any notion of is more beautiful.

The ridges, which atw.nys run from ead to wed,
rife about eight feet above the roof i and the extremi-
ties are terminated with the figures of dragons, tvgcrs,
lyons, and other wild beads, that wind about and
extend themfelves the whole length of the ridge.

The country around Peking is well cultivated, and
it is furprifing to fee the number of inhabitants em-
ployed in many different arts and manufadurcs. No
perfon is to be feen idle, they are all employed in
one thing or other; and what is very remarkable,
few of them ever vifit foreign countries.

But we mud now give an account of other parts of
this exicnfive empire, beginning with thofe which
are more to thcfouth ; and here we have ample ma-
terials, in the learned works of the jefuit. Father
Navarctti. This jefuit had vifited South America,
and from thence crofTed over to the Philippine Iflands,
where he daid fomc conftderable time, and then fet
out for China. The hardfhips he underwent were
the more fo to him, on account of his fuperdition ;
but we (hall keep as near as poffible to his own words.

*' Leivinc Macoa (fays lie) we landed iti China,
and I was obliged to travel on foot for want of money.
One day i went up a vad hill which tired me much {
and there I found a houfe where foldiers were quar-
tered to guard the roads, of which the Chinefe art
extremely careful. The captain feeing me goine-
by, came out to meet me, was very courteous, ana
invited me into the houfe, to which he led me by the
hand. As fuon as I fat down, he ordered fome drink to
be brought to me, made of an herb called Cha, and
fecmcd extremclv aftisCled with my fuffbrings. He
7 N »(ke4

)/ /

•i

594

TRAVELS IN CHINA.

»fl<cd my Chincfe cotr.piinion how I came to travel in
that m.-tiincr ) and as 1 hud been robbed at Lea, was
much concerned to find that lYiy things had been fiolen.
This was fuch ufage as I did not expert to meet with,
but my companion told me that his countrymen were
very hofpitable to ftrangirs. He gave us what pro-
vifionf he could Iparc j and when v.c left him, wiihed
1^ us a good journey. I went on with my lumpanion,

who, though a Chincfe, had been bapiifcJ, und was
a Chrillian ; but in going down the hill, it was lb
Itccp and craggy, lliat my feet were ladly cut, I'o thiit
I was I'carccablc to ftand. At the bottom of the hill
we came to an infidel's houfi- ; but the pioplc were lo
" civil, that they boiled u chicken for our ftipprr,

though we had not money to pay tlitm for it. While
I it was making ready, I was lo much fatigued, that I

fainted awayj and though I i)rel'ci.tly came to my-
felf, yet they thought I (hould have died. The in-
fidel prefently went into a room, and brought me warn)
cloaths to put on ; and having eaten a little, he put
me into a fnug warm bed, lo that I wtnt to reft. I
was aftonifticd to fee with what care this infidel at-
tended me, for I could not hi:vc been better treated
had I been in Spain. All this he did for nothing,
which was what I did not expect among infidels.
Next day, as we were entci ing a great town, my Chi-
ncfe companion, with another who carried what
things we had left, went before j and I was left be-
hind, tired and out of patience, among thoufands of
Chinefe, without knowing how toafk them any quef-
tions. I was very fick the whole of the afternoon,
but no man oft'ercd to treat me uncivilly. At length
my companion came to me, and »e were kindly
treated by the people j for I muft acknowledge that
the Chinefe exceed in hofpitality all I ever yet met
with.
^ Next day, it being very cold, as it was then ne»r

^Kjf- the middle of Oiitober, we continued our journey till

we came to a river. I took ofF my fhoes and ftock-
t ings, and waded it in the water up to my knees, and

was very fenfible of the violent cold. Soon after we
had croilcd this river, we fpied a dreadful tyger, lay-
ing on a rifing ground, dole by the road, which
frightened us much, for it was as big as a calf; Pro-
vidence however protected us, for we ftooped that it
might oot ice us, and thus we remained unhurt.
That day we came to a populous town, featcd on a
fine navigable river, with many viflels upon it, and
we thought to have got a boat prefently, but we could
not, for the 4)eople were all in an uproar, becaufe
they had received information that a band of robbers
were abroad. At that time the Southern Chincfe
'.y had taken up arms againft the Northern ones, whom

we call Tartars j but we took no part in their quar •
"" rtl, for having procured a lodging wc went to reft;

and next day a boat landed us fafely at the famous city
Chang-cheu.

V- The city Chang-cheu is very much celebrated
in China, and moft of the inhabitants carry on an
extenfive trade to the Manilas. It is fituatcd in the
province of Fo-Kien, and coll the Tartars much blood
* . and treafure to fubduc it ; for being a frontier as well

t as a trading town, the people did not willingly part

jl vvith their antient privileges i but it was conquered

by fuperior forces, and is now fubjttl to the Chincfe
emperors of the Tartarian race. It was about the
dawn of the morning when we landed at this Limuus
city; and curiofity led me to take a walk into the
principal ftreets, one of which' was the fincft and the
fulleftof people I had ever feen. But what furprifcd
me moft was, to hear the people, as my interpreter
told me, faying to one another, This is one of the
Fathers of Manila. 1 was much frijjhtened left they
ihould have treated me in a cruel manner, fo that I
wentonas faftaspoflibic, to cfcape the danger which
I iina"incd to be hanging over me. I thought the
(Irect would have no end, for it was above a mile in
length, and the fronts of the hcufcs were finely
gdorncd with pillars and carved work. Tioops . f
horfe were marching out of the city in nreat coiilu
Ron, and I exj cfteJ every' moment that I fhouU be ^p

prchendtd ; for the people, where we thought to pro-
cureprovifions, would not fuft'cr us to come into the
market pl.ice. In this uncertain ftatc wc went
into the boat, in order lo be ftrtieJ acrofs the river }
but there were many other palRngers on board, who
kept their eyes fixed upon me all the time we were
there.

It took up above four hours for us to fail down the
river about as many leagues ; laid when we landed, I
thought myfelf in a new world.

Having ti.nclled abcut two leagues, we met with a
tall, fierce-looking Chinefe j but though he was ter-
rible to us at fiift, yet in the ei.d hi. icenicd to have
been an angel feiit from Ciod. He c;ir,ie up to me,
made much of me, comforted me, and by figns made ■
inc to undiiftand that I nctd liar notliir.g, for he
would take care of me. I uiuierlloud a little of w hat
he faid, and my Chinefe companion explained the u It
to me very well. He took us to his lodging?, and
gave me the beft room ; when v.e eat, he gave me the
beft vidluals he took me by the hand, and placed me
on his right fide, and always took the lanic care
of me as if he had been my tutor or guaidian ; and
1 may fafely fay, 1 never law a better tempered man
in my life.

Next day wc continued our journey, and met with
another Chinele, who treated us in the fame hofpitable
manner, and accompanied us to the city of Civen-
Cheu. I was furprifcd to fee fuch a place ; for as wc
viewed it from an eminerce, it fecmed tobe a little
world within itfelf. When the Tartars took it, the
walls were deftroyed, but they were again rebuilt in a
moft mafterly manner, within the compafs of two
years J we walked round the walls, and counted the
number of cannon, which amounted to upwards of
one hundred and fevcnty, for I could not count the
fmaller ones, my attention being led <ilf every moment
to view things of another nature, which (.onftantly
prefented themfelves to my notice.

Leaving this city, where we were hofpitjblv en-
tertained, we came to one of the moft remaikable
bridges I had ever feen. It is laid over a navi.
gable arm of the fea, where formerly a vaft num-
ber of people ufed to be drowned ; and to prevent thcfe
fatal accidents for the future, Cai-Jang, a man of
knowledge and benevolence, govc.nor of this coun-
try, caufed the bridge to be crefled at his own ex-
pence. It is in length thirteen hundred and forty-five
paces, and the piers upon which it ftands arc above
three hundred. The intervals between them and
the water are not arched but flat, each covered with
five ftoncs locked into one another. The fides are
adorned with beautiful baluftrades, with globes, lions,
and pyramids, at equal diftances, which makes it
have a moft graceful appeaiance. The whole work is
of a fine blue ftone, fo deep coloured, that at firft
fight it appears black i and though founded in the deep
fea, there is neither lime nor iron about it, the ftones
being fixed artificially to each other, and notwith-
ftanding it has been built years, yet it does not feem
to be in any danger of falling. There are on it five
ftately towers t equal diftarices, with ftrong gates,
and guards of foldiers. As I was travelling over it,
the paflengers told me the following ftory : Formerly,
when they crofted this arm of the fea in boats, a woman
with child went on board; and the mafter told her,
that flie fhould be delivered of a Ion who would come
to be agreat mandarin, and fo powerful, that he would
build abridge there at his own expence. They relate
that it happc'ned fo, and the child proved to be the
fame Cai-Jang, whom we have already mentioned.

Wc muft here, in juftice to Father Navarctti, ob-
ferve, that he treats this ftory as an idle talc ; but
indeed there is nothing at all extraordinary in it ; for
we feldom or ever read of a great man, but after his
death Itories are forged, pointing out fomething forc-
tnl I -oncerning him before he was born. A thoufanJ
inll..:iccsof this nature might be mentioned ; but we
fl :.)1 p.ifs them over in filence, and go on with the
ic<uit':> narrative.

I «• Three

^■

••^^'ife

TRAVELS IN CHINA.

59S

" Three days aficr we lud croflcd this famous
bridge, wc met with the gencr;il of Fn-kien, who
was inarchiiii; lo Chaiig-cliiu, with twnity tlioufaiul
men. I was in great cunlulion and <hlfrcfs uii this
occafion, confidenn:^ in what condition a poor reli-
gious man mull be, in a ftran^c kingdom, undamidfl
an army of idolalors. The two natives (if China,
wlio a>,coiii|).inied me, were fo gooJ-natiircJ, th.it 1
know nut what I fhduld have done without them )
not that anv man Ipoke to me, or otTered me the leafl
incivility; but merely becaul'e of the niultilude of
Ibldicrs, to whom, as being unacqu.'.iiited witli their
language, I could give little or nu iiccount of myfelf j
fuppoUng it had been retjuelled of me, nor did 1 know
what my interpreters might have faid, efpeciully as
the accounts I had heard of the country, made no
i'avourable imprelTion upon my mind.

Wc palled wiihin fight of the general, whofe army
marched near the Ihure i audit was furpiihng to fee
what a number oi waggons and baggage horles he had
tu attend him. We had not palled him above a mile,
when we came to the top of an cinincnce; and here
again our fears were renewed, for we faw another
large body of m.n coming up, with pikes in their
hands, and making a very formidable appearance.
They lined the road on both fiJes, and wc parted
through them without their otleriiig us the lealt injury.
Indeed, I may jullly fay, whit I have often heard from
fomc of our biethren who h.id tiavellcd into thofc
parts before, that a man is in more danger in travell-
ing throu.;h an army of Europeans, than one of Tar-
tars. The country cottagers h.id their fruit and
pruvifions fei out at their doors to f(.ll; as it is never
known in that country, that a loldicrdoes any injuiy
to the people; for let an army be ever to numeiou';,
the people are never in the hall afraid of them. So
ftriit are the laws concerning the militaiy, that 1
once law a Cliinefc foldier behe.idcd, for cheating a
countryman of about the value of an halfpenny,
ill buying f<'me rice.

Before 1 came to the metropolis of Fo-kien, called
Fo-cheu, I fent my Chinefe into the city, to enquire
whether there were any Jefuits there, and to find out
the v.lnirch. It was long before became back, which
troubled me much, bccaufe I did not know but fome
accident migj^t have happened to him, or he might
have been taken up for a fpy.

In the mean time my other companions took me to
an inn, as good as any I had ever feen, either in
France or Italy. We parted through two courts,
and found a table covered with all forts of provifions,
befides a vaft variety of fruits .md fweetmeats. 1 was
extremely hungry, but it being the eve of tit. Simon
and St. Jude, I was afraid loeat, thougii my condition
was fuch, that I might have dune it witlmut any fc tuple
of confcience. My countenance expofid my forrow,
but thofe infidels did not know the rcafon, and yet they
ufed every means to comfort me. It pleafed God the
Chinefe returned foon after, and with him aChridian
of that city ; but, for reafons I could not learn, this
Chritlian left me immediately, and 1 faw him no
more. Perhaps he imagined I wanted fomc money to
help me on my journey ; but I am rather inclined to
believe that he coiifidercd me as an importor.

Next day I was vifited by a phyfician, a Chriftian,
who not only treated mewith tendernefs, but likewife
aflliled me with Ibmething to fupport me during the
remainder of my journey. We refted here two days,
during which time I took a view of the city, which
I found to be extremely beautiful, adorned with in-
fidel temples, fome of them dedicated to the fun,
and others to the reft of their idols ; and though this
is one of the leall metropolitan cities in China; yet
it was aiua/.ing to behold the vail number of inha-
bitants, and thefc only men, for the women are not
permitted to be feen. The ftreets I went thro' were
exceedingly broad, and though not paved, yet they
were very clean ; with (hops on both fides, contain-
ing every thing one could think of. Going along,
I met three of their mandarins, and was ordered to

make room for them ; and I flood as it were amazed,
to lee with what gravity they rode on hurfeback, and
what a numerous rciinue thiy had to attend them.

Leaving this place, we travelled live days tpg^'ih-r,
without meeting with any thing reiiiarkabli , only
that one Charles, a Chriltian, hippencd to becom-
ing that way, and as he knew lome of my order, he
not only gave us proper ilirecHons concerning the
road, but likewife fome money to defray our expences.
Five days loiigi r we ir.ivtilid over hills, whole tops
I'lenied to reach to the clouds ; but, thank God, wc
met with no harm ; and the hill night wc lay in a littlu
caftle, in which were about fifty loldiers. It is al-
molf incredible to think what civility we met with in
this place. The commanding officer, who had a good
room, quitted it for me to lay in it, though 1 en-
deavoured to be excul'cd ; vet he infilled on my aeci'pt-
ing of it, and went himfelf to another. I was
amazed at fuch ulage among infidels, whom the
Europeans, who are not half fo humane as they, c;ill
barbarians.

Next Inorning the commander came to take leave
of u«, and begged pardon for the cntcrtainnuiit not
having been better; which made fuch an imprfrtion
upon my mind, that I believe i fliall never forget il.
That day we travelled over feven deep mountains, on
the lall of which it rained hard, fo that wc were
obliged to take Ihclter in the tlitf'of a rock. I was
both luingry and tiled, for my companions had de-
ceived me in the num'er of miles; hut one of the
Cliincfe happening to h;.ve fome boiled rice in his
pocket, I ate heartily of it, and thought I never
tailed any thing fo fweet. As we went down the
hill it rained again]; and we met a company of horfc-
inen, who fulutcd us according to the cullom of their
country. That evening brought us to the city of
Fo-n.igan, but we were lb late, that the gates were
Ihut ; fo that we were obliged to take up our lodging
in a fuburb ; where we had a bad night indeed, for
there were no neccflarics to be had ; nor could we get
a fire lo dry our cloaths. Wet as I was, I lay down
upon fome ftraw, but the cold was fo intenfc, that I
could not feel in a manner whether I was de.id or
alive. It was the worll lodging I had had during
the twenty days I travelled in China ; and it was well
wc could get any at all ; becaufc there were a great
number of foldicrs quartered, not only in this fuburb,
but in almoft every part of the neighbourhood.

Next day wc went into the city ; and as foon as I
had found outaj'-fuit, he took me to the church, ,
where I heard mafs, and was fo much overjoyed to
find thofe of my own order in the place, bclidcs l<;ve-
ral convents, that I forgot all my former fufterings.
During my forty days journey hither, I did not iee
more than three women, although perhaps near a mil ■
lion of men. One of thefe women was near the
river fide ; another was at a confidcrable diftance ;
and the third was at the door of a houfe as we parted
through a village.

The city of Fo-nagan is very much renowned in
the province of Fo-kyen, and it fulF-icd much when
the Tartars invaded this empire. It fubmitted upon
capitulation, that none of the inhabitants fhould be
injured ; but no fooner were the Tartars in poflelTion
of it, than they maflacred fourteen thoufand men,
among whom was a Chriflian, who commanded the
Chinefe army againll the Tartars, and who might
have been laved, but he would not give up his autho-
rity. Lau-Chung-zao, the governor of the city, a
man of great biavery, knowing the Tartars would
(hew him no mercy, refolved- to poifon himfelf; and
accordingly fent for fomeof his friends, among whom
was the Chriftian, the commander already mentioned,
and he, the governor, invited them to follow his ex-
ample.

They all excufed thcmfelves, and he took the
poifon alone; foon after which, he expired in his
eafy chair, leaning againft a table, and in that pollure
he was found when the Tartars took the city. They
made feveral low bows to his dead body, coiiimendinfr

his

596

TRAVELS IN CHINA.

hi> loyalty in dying in fuch a manner, ratlier than to
l^ive up the city to thotc whom lie confidered as his
enemies.

The firft thing I did,' after I had got a few days rc-

{refliment in this city, was to fct abunt fluclying the
^hiiiefe language i and fuch prugrels did 1 malcc, that
in a few months 1 was able to preach. During two
years I refided in this province, many converts rame
to me to confcfs their fins, and, as far as 1 could judge,
1 found them very fincere. Having now learned the
hnguage, and my beard being grown, I thought it
Would be time for me to continue my jourtwy tofome
other parts of this vaft empire ; for I had alrcxdy con-
verted a vaft number of the infidels, all of whom had
been confrflcd, and had received the facramriit. A-
long with me went two chrilllans, and an inlidcl who
was upon his converfion ; they were natives of the in-
land parts of the country, and as good-tcnipercd men
a. ever I had met with.

The (ccond day of our journey we came to the
fiigheil mountain I ever law in my life, and this,
with a few fmaller ones adjoining to it, took us up
eleven days to crofs ; but at the end of every leacue,
or fometimes lefs, we found le.'^ing-pliccs, and fo
neat, that nothine could be fitter for the iwrpofe. All
China is furniflied with thefe reding places, and has
exceeding good roads. On mod of thefe mountains
we faw heathen temples ; but the afcent to them was
fo (tcep, that we did not chufc to vifitthcm. There
were others in the valleys, and fome by the road fide.
Thofe lail had hot water (landing at their doors, with
the herb cha, for palTengers to drink. The priefts of
thefe temples are called bonzes, and they beg from
paflcngers as they go along, but are extremely civil,
for if any thing is given them, they make a low bow ;
but when it is refufed them, they fiaiid liill and fay
liochiiig.

Wlicn we came to the limits of the p "-'nee of iho
1*1^ Kiaiig, wc found the paiTnge was between two vaft

hi!;h locks, where was a guard of folJiers, and a little
farther on were their quarters. I'here we ftopped a
little, and .ite fome of the herb cha, which was very
refrefliing to us after our fatigue ; for provifions were
at that time very fcarce in the country, on account
of the vaft numbers of foldiers that were quartered in
almoft every city, town, and village, and even in pri-
vate houfes.

The commanding officer gave orders to one of the
foldiers to fcarch our baggage ; but our infidel Clii-
nefe, whom we had along with us, told him it had
been fcarcbed already, upop which he proceeded no
farther, but fufFered us to pafs. Soon after we came
to another narrow paf;, fomewhat like the former ;
but the guards were much more numerous. Here the
fun (hone bright upon us, and we refted ourfelves a-
bout two houra. There were many people coming
outof a temple, and they all bowed to mc, without
dying any thing. During that time I faw a woman,
which was the firft I had feen in China, come up
from a valley to go to the temple, and as (he paflcil
the foldiers, they all bowed to her. I was much plea-
fed with the m(>defty of the foldiers, but could not
learn who the woman was, or what was her charac-
ter, which I was the more earned to know, becaufe
one fcldom fees a woman in tl. t empire. The next
evening wc lay at an inn, where I law another wo-
man, which was the firft and laft I ever faw at an inn
in China, though I lodged at many.

The next puce I arrived at was Kin-Hoa, a fpa-
cious city, furrounded by pleafant gardens, and ex-
tremely populous in appearance ; for in all the cities
of China, we meet with vaft numbers of people.
There is one thing indeed which encreafes the popu-
larity, and that is, that as often as a mandarin, or
' any other magiftrate, goes abroad, all hi* attendants

follow him. In this city our brethren had a church,
and it was my turn to baptife feveral of the Cate-
chumens, or new-made converts, which I did i butfoon
after they relapfed into idolatry. Indeed I often found
that few of thofe whom wt had baptifcd iq China

held out long; they foon returned to their former
idolatry, and died infidels, as they had betn bit'ore.
We wcie often molcftetl by the mandarins, who came
frequently to vifit us i and they pretending to enter into
difputes concerning irligiun, wetoldthtm, that our
religion had God for its author, and all ihcy who
rcjciSled it would perifli cverlallingly. This, however,
did not fatisfy them, for they had the aflurance to tell
us, that their gods were equal to ours. Nay, they ui-
ten ridiculed our holy ceremonies, tilling us, that
they knew no difference between the wuilhip of a h(>|{
and a wafer. 1 Toon found that little good could lie
done in this place, and therefore I rcfolved to leave
it, having feen in it every thing worthy of my no-
tice.

The city of Kin- Hoa is fituated upon an eminence,
having a river running below it ; and the prol'pcdt
from the houfes is both extenfive and delighilul.
Here are many fine building!, and a vaft number of
temples, where the people go to woifhip thtir idols.
Thefe temples are curioufly conftru£lcd, each having
a (brt of pyramid on the top, in the form of one
of our fpires ; and around them are gardens for
the priefts to walk in when they converic with the
Devotees. The ftreets are broad ; but lb ir.uch
crouded, that a ftranger fcarce knows how to get
along i and there are fo many (hops for all forts of
Chlncfe goods, that one who is not acquainted with
the country, would not imagine there was a dwellliig-
houfe in the city. There are men appointed to keep
the ftreets clean ; but that is in a manner impo/Tible,
for in hot weather the duft becomes fufiocating, and
when rain falU, the whole is like a puddle, or nuiv.
I'he people have plenty of all forts of provifions,
particularly mutton, which fecms to be the moft fa-
vourite flcfh, made ufe of bv the inh.ibitants in
winter; but in fummer thr\ jve another difli ftill
more agreeable, it is called 'I ^ u-fu, and, is a fort of
palte made of kidney-beans. They diaw the milk out
of the beans, and Iqueezing it together, make it up
into great cakes, fomewhat refeniblingchecfcs. I'he
hody of it is as white as fnow, and to look at it, no-
thing can appear finer. Sometimes it is eaten raw a*
we eat cheefe ; but the moft polite way is, to boil
it, and drefs it yp with herbs, fifli, and vinegar.
When eaten alone by itfelf, it it very infipid, but
dreflcd in this manner, is exceeding good, and fo it
is when fried with a little butter. 1 hey J\ave it alfo
dried and fmoaked, and mixed with carraway feeds,
which is the heft of all. It is incredible to think
what vaft quantities of it are confumed in China, and
much more furprifiog ftill to think where they can
procure fo many kidney-beans. Tnis is eafily an-
fwered ; China is one of the moft fertile countries in
the world, and yields all forts of herbs. I'hefe
beans grow without cultivation i even in the fcarceft
ti mes this food may be had fo cheap as one halfpen ny per
pound, which is above twenty of our ounces, and it
IS of great fervice to thofe who travel, becaufe it majr
be eaten ra)v like our cheefe; or if they have an op*
portunity, they may drefs it. It has one quality pe-
culiar to itfelf, and that is, it has the fame cfTedl upon
the conftitution, let the climate be what it will ; and
it is well known that in fuch a vaft extent of territo-
ry as the einpire of China is, there muft be a variety of
climates. This is the reafon why the teu-fu is fo much
efteemed in China, for it frequently happens that
merchants travel from one extremity of the empire to
the other, which they could not do without food of
this nature.

Leaving this part of China, I took leave of my
brethren, it being my inclination to vifit the capital of
the empire, where I knew our order had a church. I
thought at firft to have gone by land; but the many
difficulties which prefented themfelves to my view, in-
duced me to alter my propofed plan, and make ufe of
the moft eafy conveyance. Accordingly, I ordered a
boat ; but no fooner was it ready, than I found myfelf
under fre(b difficulties.

The officers appointed to conduA me, intimated,

that

TRAVELS IN CHINA.

$9?

that they expei?lcd more money than their due i which
at firlldid not lurprifc mc much, bccaufe I had al-
ways tburid thefe lort of people taking every opportu-
nity lO iinpofe upon ftraiigers, and get from them all
they could. I did not rightly know in what manner
to conduiS myfelfi I was among ttranijirs and in-
fidels j and thmigh I knew fomttliing of their lan-
guage, yi't I was inlirely unacquainted with many of
their culloms. Kver lubmiflivc to the civil power,
1 was determined to be obedient in all thinsjs, fo far as
they did not interfere with my religious lentiments,
and even comply with their extortion as far as lay in
my power. This I confidcred as the real mark of a
Chnllian, and I am fure it is confiftent with all the
rules laid down by our fociety. Had refinance been
legal, it would have been imprudent, and every one
muK know that prudence isamoral, as well as a Chrif-
tiun virtue.

They afligncd mc an officer to attend me, who ap-
peared to be too bufy, and I began to imagine that he
would in the end become troublefome. 1 his gave me
fome uncafinefs ; fo that in order to -iiake my journey
as agreeable as polTible, 1 lent a fmall prcfent to the
clerk, defiringhim to fend me anotlier officer in the
room of him who had been appointed. Accordingly
another was fent me, who, from his whole condui^t,
gave me caufe to have a different opinion of him
than I had of the firfl-. I had not failed above
half a day from Kin Hoa, when I was over-
taken in another boat by my companions, and we
failed together five days longer, not imagining that
any thing more than common was to happen to us j
but we were miflaken, for on the 6th day, the chief
mngiftrate of the city overtook us, put us in irons,
and fent us back under a ftrong guard to FCin-Hoa,
where we were confined in prifon eight days, without
hearing of any crimes that had been imputed to us.
All that time 1 lay upon a few boards, vith a blanket
over me ; and fuch was the fevcrity of the fcafon, that
I ulmoll \oH the ufeof my limbs.

On April 21, we were taken out of prifon, in or-
der to be fent to the imperial city ; and though a
boat was allowed us at the public expcncc, yet they
made us pay for another, under pretence that the
firft was not good enough.

A guard of horfemen were appointed us, who rode
by the fide of the canal, and were every now and then
relieved by others ; for one fcldom conies to a ftage
without meeting fome foldiers. Thefe foldiers, aswcllas
the failors who conduflcd the boat, treated us wi(h all
manner of civility ; and whenever we told them we
wanted any thing, they went and brought it to
us.

After failing ten d.iys upon the famou&canal which
divides China in an equal line from north to fouth,
we came to the city of Zu-Cheu, and rcfted there
five d.iys, being much fatigued. In this city I
met with fome of my own brethren, who, like myfelf
and my companions, were prifoners, having been ta-
ken up on fufpicion j the people being utterly ignorant
of our fL il tharafters. At the end of the five days
we proceeded on our voyage up the canal, and came
to the Red River, which frightened us much on ac-
count c 1" its vaft number of whirlpools. Juft as we
pafied this frightful place, we met with two more
jefuits, who were prifoners like oiirfclves, and we
were much delighted with their converfation.

It is impolfiblc todefcribe the vaft numbers of vef-
feh we faw on this canal, and on the Red River ;
fome were fmall, others of confiderable burthen ; and
it frequently was with gre.it difficulty that we could
get through them.

At the cullom-houfrs the water was entirely covered
with them J and it fomctimcs happened that we were
detained two hours before we could be admitted to
have our baggage examined. At each of thefe cuf-
■ tom-houfes were two Tartarian officers, who got
above fifty pounds a day each, in prefents from the

fiaflcngers. We difputed with them concerning the
egality of their fees, but we foon found that they had
Vol. II. No. ji.

too much power to pay any regard to our argu-
ments.

Leaving our boat, becaufc the water was fallen, we
went on fliore, and travelled two hundred Lagues
ovor a plain country, wifh carts, in which we were
placed as malefaflors. The weather was extremely
hot, but every now-and-then wc met with a cooling
Itrcam, and ilie poor peafants in the country fold us
apricots for a penny a dozen, and eggs at the fame
price. In this valley we thought to have converted
a manilarin, who declared that he was willing to be
baptized ; but when we told him that he muft part
with all his concubines, he rcfufed to comply. How-
ever, he made us a prefent of a (hccp, with fomo
rice, and fuch other things as we wanted. He was
a man far advanced in years, had a fon who com-
manded in the army, and who had been advanced to
a very high rank. He told us he loved oui religion
extremely well, but he could not either in confcience
or honour turn oft" his wives, and leave them toftarve
in order to pleafc our God.

It is wonderful to think what numbers of people
we met upon this road, fome on mules, fome on afles,
others in litters, and others carried in fedans. All
that paftl'd knew us by our beards : (bmc endeavoured
to comfort us, by telling us that all things concern-
ing us were fettled, fo that we would be fet at liberty j
while others faid that we were in a very unhappy fitu-
ation, «hich was what we expeded ; noneof thefe
things afFeiled us, for as we havi not given oft'cnce to
any one, fo we knew that our own comcicnccs did not
condemn us. But I muft not leave this part of the
fubjciS without taking notice of the country through
which we parted. And here 1 am, as it were, at a
lofs, to dcfcrihe its many beauties, and its admirable
delicacies. We faw thoufands of men and boys em-
ployed in hufbandry, and the whole of the country
wore the appearance of a garden. The houfcs were
numerous, fmall, neat, and clean, in their outward
appearance ; for we were not permitted to go into any
of them. Every houfe had a fmall inclolurc before
the dear ; and behind, the garden was overfprcad with
trees.

Adjoininp^ to the houfes is a feparatc building all oil
one floor, the windows of which look into the garden,
and this is the place where the women refide, no man
being permitted to vifit them befidcs their hulbands.
In fome countries this would feem a harfh re ':raint, and
it is certainly inconfiftcnt with the natur' rights of
human beings j but this makes no manne /t differenec
in China, nor indeed in any of the .icrn countries
where the women are brought up from their early in-
fancy, without ever converling with the other fex till
they are married. The women fpend their time in
dumeftic offices, in nuifing their children j and as they
are utterly unacquainted with what pafles in the world
at large, or even in their own ncijjhbourhood, focen-
fequentJy they cairhave no afpiring views, nor do they
ever hope to fee their condition changed while they
arc in this world.

All the way as we travelled along, we faw very beau-
tiful villages, with fome market-towns; and as they
have particular markets and fair-days, fo we faw valt
numbers of the country-people carrying their fruits,
corn, herbs, and other things to bedifpofed of at thefe
places for the benefit of the inhabitants.

Wedid not hearafingle complaint either of thcff,
robbery, or murder ; for the people travelled toge-
ther as all mankind ought to do; that is, as children
of the fame common family. Happy if ,we Euro-
peans could, or would live in this manner; but fome-
thing unattended to prevents it. We value ourfelves
on our politcnefs, which in fome meafure may be
true J butbe thisasit may, taking the great outlines in
one point of view, are not we in many things more
deftitute of humanity, than many of thofe whom
we are weak or foolifh enough to call Barbarians f I
only mention thefe things, that Europeans may learn
not to accufe the inhabitants of other parts of th«
world of cruelty and barbarity, uptil they have
7 O &ft

'■!;■■ ■ .

^..■Af

''XJiJifMiitiittim^'-

TRAVKLS Ifl CHINA.

lirft convinced mankind that they tlwfnrclvc* are more
humane. Bot leaving (here rcflcAioni, Ifhallgoon
with my narrative.

On the eve of St. Peter and At. Paul, in the morn-
ing, we came into the imperial city of Peking, and
were foon enough to attend mafi in the church of thr
Jefiiits, and tt^dine with our brethren. Within a
few days wc were joined by thofc who lived in other
provinces I fo that we were about thirty in number)
and would have been more, had not feme of nur
Older made their cfcape in a Dutch fliip, bound I'ur
the Manilas.

We continued In the imperial city till the 13th of
September, on which day wc received .'entence of
baniOimcnt to Macao. Tliis is a fmall territory fub-

Je£t to China, which had been in pofTeflion of it one
lundred and fifty years. H.)wever, upon a repie-
fentation of the condui^l of the Portuguefe having
ticen made to the emperor of Cnina, he ordered them
•II to be expelled, or tn pay a certain ranfoni nsfhould
be impofed upon them. The latter they j.'omplicd
with} and though they receive fome benefits arifmg
from trade, yet they arc kept in fuch a ftate of (l;ivery
by the Chinel'e, that thry are the mod mifcrable br-
ings in the world. Every foot of ground tlwy have
is taxed, and they arc obliged to pay u, cy fur every
thing they import. But notwir* .landing all thefe
difadvantages and difcoura-efn nts, the place conti-
nued for many years to fiuuriHi ; and when I arrived
there, I found no Icfs ^han three churches, and five
convents. The p«)ple, natives of the place, traded
chiefly with the Japanele and the Portui,uefc, by
exchanging goods with thcm.anJ acquired tonfiJerablc
profit. But the Spaniards havinu: niadefcltliiTitnts in
the Manilas, the trade of Portugal fiifl fell into decay,
and foon after the Dutrh cngrolTcd the whole com-
fflerce of Japan to themfelves.

The inhabitants of Macao, that is the original
ones, arc all Chinefe, and there they carry on their
different manufactures ; but many dilputes havearifen
from time to time, between iliem and the jefuitt,
who had been fent miflioners from Spain and Portugal.
This gives much offence to the Chinefe Government ;
fo that at one time an crder came to expel all the je-
fuitt out of the pLice ; but fome of their brethren in
Peking procured them favour. It is certain that the
jefuits, though in many refpeiSts men of very exalted
charaillcrs, have always made themfelve* too bufy in
meddling with the affairs of fecular princes; and as
for many years they reigned as lords over the confci-
ences of men of the higneff rank in Europe, fo they
were vain enough to imagine they could do fo witn
the Afiitic princes.

A little before I came to Macao, the catholic
biihop had committed a woman to prifon for living in
fornication with a Tartarian foldier. This part of
thebifliup's condudgavc great offence to thcfuldiers ;
and accordingly at noon day, they came and broke
open the prifon doors, and let the woman at liberty,
not one daring to call in queftion what thev did.
Much about the fame time a youngwoman, who had
been baptized, ran away with a Chinefe } and many
Others did the fame : for though the bifliop impri-
foncd above fixty of them, yet all thefc women found
means to make their efcape ; fo that our labours proved
in a manner unfuccef^ful.

While we were at Macao, I made fo many converts,
that I was obliged to get another .of our brethren to
•(lift me in hearing their confcflions ; but what grieved
me much was, that I found .'omc of our order had
extorted money from the people when they came to
confefs their fint. The Chinefe magiffratcs in Macao
did not efteem us much, for they took every opportu-
nity in iieir power to affront us in one refped or
Other. One day wc had a proccffion in honour of
St. iignatius, our founder ; and, as if it had been to
mortify us as much as poflible, the governor of the
place ordered a coffin to be carried un the (houlders
of fix men, juft befide the image of our Saint. One
of my converts drew his fword, and would have (tab-

bed the men, but I reflrained him, left we (hould
have been all maffiicrcd. We conliaucd llvcral
months in this place | and from tl.rncc went agajn
for the Manila Itlands, where we were kindly re-
ccivrd by the bifhop and clergy." Su far this learned
irfuit, who, like many others of the Kiiman Catho-
lics, ap|)ears to have been both luptrltitious and
credulous, but relates no more than what came under
his own oblervaiiun.

We (hall now attend, more particularly than wo
have hitherto done, to what has been written by
another learned jc(uit. Father I.eCompte, wlio refilled
in that Empire upwards of twenty years. Speaking
of the populoufncfs of China, lie gives us a
more rational and confiftent accotint of it than nny
wc' hnve ever met with. We fays, " 'I'hc inhabi-
tants of a place, wit'.) refpci^t lu numbers, are not to
bf pioperly known from viewing the crouds we meet
with in the ftrects, and particuh'riy at Peking.

t'lrlf, Bccaufe from all the neighbouring towns vaft
numbers of pcalants daily lluck to Peking, as tlio
capital, with all i;irtr. of ufeful provifioiis, and other
• immoditiis, which, for want of a river, ari' broiij^ht
by land. This fills the eity with multiiuiles uf larts,
waggons, camels, and other beads of burthen j (o
that mi.inings and evenings, when the g.ite» arc
opened and fhut, there arc fuch vail crouds iit people
going in and cominj^, <>.t, that one is obliged to wait
acuiilideiahle time before admittance can be obtained ;
and yet few, and fonietimes none of tliel.: arc
citizens i fo that while the city is thronged with peo-
ple, the country has fcarcu any left in it, bciidcs
women and children.

Secondly, Mod artificers work in their cuffomcrs'
houfcs i not only taylors and flioe-makers make
cloaths and (hoes at every man's houle or lodgings,
but even their fmitht carry with them their anvil,
furnace, and other implements for their ordinary ufe.
So that they are continually about, looking out for
bufinefs, which much increafcs the throng.

Thirdly, When a perfon of rank goes from one
part of the city to another, every perfun belonging to
him follows in his train, except the women. Now
as the Chine(eare fond of pomp and grandeur, and as
they keep at many fervants as their circumftances will
permit, fo it is no wonder that fuch vaff crouds
(hould be daily feen in the ftreets.

Laflly, When a mandarin goes abroad any- where,
all his officers as well as domeltics attend him, and
fometimet one of thefe mandarins will have two or
three hundred in his train. The princes of the blood,
and all the great ofHcers of ftate, go always abroad
with large troops of horfemen ; and as they are obliged
to he at court once every day, fo their equipages
alone are enough to crouo the (treets, fuppofing there
were no other perfons in it but them. Thefe things
ferve to (hew, that Peking is far from being fo popu-
lous as it appears to be, but it is allowed that there
are near two millions of inhabitants in it."

We have already taken notice that the emperor has
only three wives, or enprefils, whofe children can be
legitimate, but let us hear what Lc Compic fays of his
concubines.

The number of the emperor's concubines, (fays
he) is never known, nor is it fixed. They are never
fcen by any man but himfelf, nor is any perfon per-
mitted to enquire concerning them, though the em-
peror fometimes diverts hiinielf in company, when he
reflefts upon their virtues and accomplifhments.
They .ire all women of quality; which the man-
darins, or governors of provipccs, chufe out, and
fend up to the palace; where tley are kept from all
correfpondence, even with their cwn parents. Many
of them are never taken notice of by the emperor.
Each has a feparatc apartment, with women to wait
on them, together with all forts of the mod codly
furniture. They are not permitted to converfe on
any fubjefls relating to civil -iffairs, nor are fecrets
communicated to them ; for the Chinefe fay, " That
Heaven has endowed women yvith good nature, mo-

e
f(

TRAVELS

ilcfty, and innocence, ih;\l they may look after their
faiiitlien, iuul talce care of the ciluc.ition of tlieir
chiiilrcn ) but men only have ftrcngili of body and
mine) to rule the vviirlj, And theicfuie, by way of
jert, they c»ll KiiiDpc, Tht Laiiiti Kingdom, becaule
there the fceptre olteii f.ills into the hands of women,

The Chinefe ranic their cities into three clalFcJ ;
the firll coir.iiiis about one iuinilred and fiMy, and
thcle are for tli; molt put capitals of provim es. Tht
fee on I el.ifs coiififts of two hundred and fi venty, and
thcfe fuborJinate to the jurifdiition of the tirlh 'i'hc
third cl.ifs confills of twelve hundred, which .ire of
Icfs note than the fecond ; and they have three hundred
wall d towns, where garrifoi\s of foldiers arc con-
ftantly kept. The villages are almu(( niimberleOi,
cfpccially in the fouthern provinces; and in the pro-
vinces of Xanfi and Xenfi they are for the moft
part furrounded with walls, ditcher, and iron gates,
wliirh tlie people (hut at mf^ht, and uuard in the day
tiiTii , to prevent being robbed and plundered by
paiiiesof Mongul Tartars.

Ucfiirt the 'I'artars conquered China, Nankin was
the c.tp'tal city ; and though it is in fome meafure
fallen to decay, yet there is Itill lo much to be feen as
to point out its former grcatnels. It has rather the
appearance of a ruined province, than a city j fcr it
was formerly inclofed within three walK, and was no
Icfs than forty miles in circumference without,
which is little lel°> thin tht bounds of the antient
cities of Nineveli and Uabylon

When the inhabitants refided in this famous city,
they «cre in a manner numberlefs j its fiiuation, fer-
tility of foil, and commodious haven, all joined to
promote the riches and grandeur of the place, and its
commerce extended to mod of the eaftern nations.
The flreels arc pavii), which is an advaniaije Peking
docs not enjoy ; and the houfes, though low, are
neat and clean, and the fltnps hlled with all forts of
rich filks, with many other forts of collly wares. It
is fituated in the centicof the empire; and though
it is not now the metropolis, yet it is ftill more po-
pulous than Peking. All the mandarins, and other
Icaiiicd men who are out of employment, come to this
place for I lie benefit of ftudy, there being fcveral ex-
cellent libraries maintained at the public expence.
There are fevtral printing-houfes here, and the work-
men are reckoned the mell ingenious in the empire,
being far fuperinr to thofe in the capital city. No-
thing but political rcafons of llate could prevent the
emperor from r^fiding here, for it has the following
conveniencics which Peking dots not enjoy.

Firft, it is fituuted on the river Ikiam, which is
the largeft, dcepeft, and moft navigable iii t hi: whole
empire, being above a mile broad at the city fide.
Secondly, there was a royal obfervatory on the top of
a mountain, which is now too much negleiSlcd, but
would n(e again into repute if the court was kept
here. Thirdly, there is a ftrong tower, built in the
formof a caftic, which was formerly a magazine for
arms, and in it a garrifon of foldiers were kept ; but
the chief delign for which it was built, was to be a
place of refuge for the emperor and his court during
a fiegc. And laftly, there is a grand (Irudure without
the gates, called the Temple of Gratitude, built about
four hundred years ago, by the emperor Yon-lo, and
was once the moft magnihcent ftruAure in the em-
pire.

It it raifedon a ftrong foundation of large bricks,
and encompafted with a rail of unpolillied marble.
The afcent to the firft hall is by twelve ftep', and
tlic front is adorned with a fpacious gallery, with
curious pillarl. The roofs are covered with green
fliiniiig tiles, and the ceiling is painted in ll-vcral
pieces, differently wrought, which, with the Chinefe,
is conlidcred as a very great ornament. It has no
light but what comes m at the doors, which are three,
and extremely large. Its figure is that of an oftagon,
each part-being fifteen feet wide; fo that it is forty
feet in breadth, and one hundretl and twenty in cir-
cumference. Round it It a wall fupporting a pent'

I N

CHINA.

«9

■

houfc, which comet from the tower, and forms a
pretty fort of gallery. This tower it nine l^uriet
high, each ftory being adorned with ■ cornice tnree
feet wide at the bottom of the windows, and diftin-
guilhed by little peni-houfes as the former) but every
ftory it narrower and narrower, as the tower rifei
higher. The wall at the bottom 'rat leaft twelve
feet thick, and above eight and a half at the top, co-
vered over with China plates ; fu that when the furt
ftiines upon them, it dazzles the eyes of the beholder.
The ftair-cafc is narrow, and tiouilcfome to afceiid,
becaufe the fteps are very high, which renders it very
inconvenient to thofe who are not accuftomed to it.
Kach ftory hits a room floored with timber, and the
ceiling it beautified with paintings. The walls of
the upper rooms have nitches in them ; in each of
which is the figure of one of their idols, and thefe
have a good efUdt on iht beholder who views them at
a diftancc. The grcateft part of the building it
gilt over, and looks like carved ftune or marble; but
It is only a fine fort of brick, which the Chinefe arc
very ingenious in making.

'I'hc whole builuiiig Imm the bottom of the bafis
to the top of the cupola, is two hundred feet, and
the cii|)ola is of itfilf a very grand ornament to the
ftruilurcj being like thcniaft of a fliip, about which
runs a Ipiral line of iron at fome diftancc from it, and
on the toj) is placed a large gilded ball. From this
tower ore has a profpecl of the whole city, the river,
and all the country adjoining, to a vaft diftance,
where a fort of terreftrial paradife prefcnts itfelf to the
view; containing cities, towns, villages, andathou-
fand other objects, which lead the mind away in a fort
uf picafing captivity. I'hiscity is likewifc famous for
its bells, of which there are three in fo many different
towers ; and thefe were conftrudlcd and hung up
under thcdireiSlion of the jefuits, in the fame manner
as thofe at Peking. Thefe bells do not differ much
from each other in fize ; and though they are all lefs
than the great bell we have mentioned at Peking, yet
they are fo large, that their found is heard at a great
diftance. They are tolled every hour in the night j
and ferve as a fignal for the watch to go round, to
fee that every thing is kept in proper order, and that
no perfon is found walking in the ftrects ; for all
thofe who are found out of doors, are taken into cuf-
tody till morning, when they are carried before a
magiftrate, and obliged to give an account of them-
felves.

Sigen, the capital city of Xenfi, is three leagues
in circumference, and the walls cncompafling it form
an cxaift fquare. Its ditches, which are partly dry,
are very fine, its walls are high and thick, as well as
the towers built upon them, and the gates arc ftately
like thofe of Peking. The city is divided into two
parts by a wall of earth ; the northern part being
inhabited by the Tartars, and the fouthern by the
Chinefe. Each of thefe diviAons maintains a gar-
rifon ; but that inhabited by the Tartars is by far the
ftrongeft, for ever fince the prefent royal family came
to the throne, they have made it an invariable rule to
de;irefs the antient Chinefe as much as polfible. Here
is an old palace which was the refidence of the former
emperors, who were powerful not only among their
own fubjefts, but likewife in their conqucfts of feve-
ral of the neighbouring provinces. The houfes
in this city are low, but exceedingly neat; and
though the trade is not extenfive, yet the inhabitants
enjoy many privileges, nor are they much burthcned
with taxes. They have plenty of China-ware here,
but it is not fo fine, nor well poliftied, as in other
parts of the empire.

The next city deferving our notice, is Ham-cheu,
the capital of the province of Che-kiam, and one of
the richeft in China. It is four leagues in circum-
ference, the flreets are full of people, the fuburb*
very large, and the canals are crouded with a vaft
number of boats.

The garrifon copfifts of ten thoufand men, of whom
only three thoufand are Chinefe, the other feven thou-
fand

t*\«3

«Mi^teHMM*.

■J..*ft»**^.

666

tRAVELS IN CHINA.

fand being Tartar*. The water of their canali i« not
clear, nor arc tlicir p/cetl bni.n."i but ihcir fliijn arc
neat, and they carry on a confidcruhle nicrch.inJili'
with thedift'rrcni iirdvincik next adjoining to them.
A little to Miecaftwaril ot the city i> a rivir about a
mile broad j but a little higher it \% only a ul'cler> tor-
rent, owin;; to the cifiVrcnt llreams u hich conipoli'
it, ili'uing from among a (treat nunibrr of Iniall rotk<.
On the wcH is a lake about fix mili'« in circunifercno ,
and in it are a vail number of fri(h-w.»lcr h(h. The
water is clear, but (hiillow, ytt deep enough to cury
fomc large Ral-bottouKd biui", in which the young
peo|ile take their plealure. In the middle cf the lake
IS an idand where there is a Imall tempk', and fever.il
pleafure-houlcs for the young people to reg.ile them-
felves at.

About four leagues didancc front Ham-eheii (lands
Su-cheu, a city ol equal binnclv and extent, being
likcwife about four degrees in lireumfcrtnce, 1( is
the ufu.il rcfidencT of a viceroy, and carnc:; i>n a con-
fidcrable trade. The vail crmids of piopk- daily f en
at the cu(tiim-ho«f , would induce a llr.iiiger to be-
lieve that it is extrtiiR'ly populous, and yet it is not
fo well inhabiti'd as many other cities ot the fame lize
in the empire.

The whole of this province is fo well cultivated,
that there are towns and cities every- where within
fight of each other. .Some of thcfe towns unci cities
are large I others are fnul! ^ but all of them aic io
populous, that it is difficult to j;it through the croud.
1"he river ICiaMi, which runs throug'i this province,
has feveral well built towns upon us b:inks, particu-
larly Yam-cheu, one of the niort rcm.irkablc cities in
the whole empire, and which the Chincle fay con-
tains a million of inhabitants. This however is not
true; for, upon theclofed obfcrvations we could make,
it did not appear that there were above 50,000 inhabi-
tants. For notwithllanding vail crouds nt people VN'ere
there daily, yet upon enquiry we found that they
were no others than fucli as came from the country,
in order to difpof.- of provifions.

Among the cities and towns in China, there are
fome in the provinces of Yun-Nan, Quei-Cheuni,
Quam fi, and Su-Cheum, which pay no tribute to the
empertir, nor yield him any obedience ; but are go-
verned by their own princes, who exercife an abfolute
authority over them. They are invironed with high
mountains and deep rocks, within which are fields
and plains of foveral days journey, full of cities, vil-
lages and towns. The Chinefe call thefc mandarins
of the country ; becaufe, as they think there is no
emperor in the world but theirs, fo there is no prince
or lord but what he makes.

Thefe people can (peak the fame language with the
Chineli; i but they have another peculiarly to them-
felves, and in many thin'^s their manners and euf-
toms diflxr; but in their uiapes, ftature, and com-
plexions, they are alike. They excel the L'hi-
nefe in courage and valour, for which realcio the lat-
ter having not been able to fubdue them, have con-
tented thcmfelves to fuffcr them to live in peace within
theinclofuresof their mountains, and to canyon a
free trade witTj them. It is true, however, that about
two years ago, 1744, one of thefe independent princes
was fubdued, and brought prifoner to Peking, with
all his wives and children. The emperor having ex
amined them feparately, ordered them all, except one
young boy, to be maflacrcd before his fa'-c ; but ftill
there are many of them who do not even at prefent
fubmit to the Chinefe government.

VVc have already Ipoken of Macon, which is the
mod foutherly town in the whole Chincii: empire ;
and though tlic Portugucfe made confiderable profits
by trading to it, yet fuch was their bigotry and fupcr
(tilion, that they became obnoxious to the Chinefe,
and loll the fruits of many years labour. It was not
futiicient for the Portugucfe to fend their priefts into
a country where they tbem(i;lves only enjoyed a par-
tial toleration, but they went even fo far as to attempt
letting up the inquifition, which proved their foolifli-
Hcfs, ;in(l promoted their ruin.

The next fea-port town to Maeoi ii Canton, » vHf
well known to all tli ife Kuk peans wh- trade by (cii
with the Chinefe. It is a l.ii{;e city, walled round,
and l.ikes its name from a river luiiiiing bcTide it,
which is fo commndious to. fliippiiio, (hat the laigcit
vclUU can go up it. It is to ihis ciiy that all the
Knglilli bad India (bipsgo wluii llicy trade to China i
but the mand.u ins will not (uHi r any o( ihe pallVn-
|." r-i to come wilhin the gates, Io that ihcy arc obliged
III puichiifc their i^oodiin the lubuibs.

Ill the nroviiueot Fo-kien it another celebrated fea-
port, csllfd Kmoni, from an idand of that name,
I'lcri: the largi II lhi)>s can ride in faletv, and may come
.IS near the flioie as they picale. The trade of this
pl.iee has been lately much improve<l, and dill con-
'.inius to eiicrcale. Here the emperor kerps a garrilon
of levcn thoufand men, iindir a Chinefe commander,
but mod of the foldiers are Tiiitars. The J.iponcic
(end their (hips here annually, and bring home goods,
which they fell to the Dutch, w ho are the only Eu-
ropianstliat ti.ule vcitli them. One is furpiifed to fee
what vad iiumbers of veHels come into this harbour,
and what great multitudes are continually going out ;
and here it may he neeellary toobferve, that in ex.iit-
iiig c ullom-houfe duties, the Chinefi mealurc the fliip,
without enquiring into ihe nature of the cargo.

In the more catferly part of China is Niiiipo, the
entrance into which is difficult for fhips of large bur-
then 1 the bar at the highed tides not being above fif-
teen feet. 'Ihis place, like that already n.cniioned,
carries on a great tiade to Jap.iii, it being but a day's
fail to Nanguz.iki, whither they cany filks, fugar,
drug-, and wine, which they exchange for gold, hl-
ver, and brafs. Ninipo is a city of the fiid dais, but
it was much damaged in the wars between the Chi-
neli; aud the Tartars i yet the walls arc dill in good
condition, the city and fuburbs well inhibited, and
the garrifon pretty numerous. There are many tri-
umphal arches here in memory of viiilories obtained
bv the ancient Chinefe over the Tartars, but ni.ad of
thcin arc now falling to decay, Thiy confid of three
great arches abread, built witii large nmrblc dones,
and the centre one is placed higher than the others
The columns that fupport them are fometimes round,
but more commonly fquare, but they have no capitals.
They are adorned with beautiful figures, and em-
bofled fculptures, wrought loofc one within another,
flowers carved, and birds flying as it were from the
done, which are coiifidered as real mader-pieces of
art, and equal to any that are to be met with in
China.

With reCpeiSl to the habits worn by the men in
China, many of them are diftercnt from others, not
only on account of the manners and cudoms of the
provinces where they live, but likewife the difFcrenct
in men's dations and charailers. The men fliave
their heads all over, except that part next to the
neck, where they fuffer a finall tuft of hair to grow {
and they wear on their heads .^ fort of bonnet or cap,
which civility forbids them to pull oft'. Their bon-
nets differ according to the feafon of the year ; that
which they wear in fummer, is thin, and loofe, like
a cowl, being wiiUr below, and terminating in a
point. This is lined with fattii., and the top is co-
vered with a thinmat, which is much edeemed through-
out the empire. In liiling, they wear a fort of long
hair dried, tinged of a rcddifh colour, fo deeply,
thattherainmayinakenoimprenion uponit. Thishair
grows white u,.on the le{«« of cows, in the province of
Souchven j and having teceived this tindure, it is fold
at a higher price than the fined filks. In winter
they wear a pluflicap, bordered with a fable fox-flcin,
and the rell is of a curious fattin, black or purple,
covered with red filk. Thefc caps are extremely
handfome, and fell for eight or ten crowns apiece,
but they are fo Ihallow that they do not cover the
ears.

The mandarins in their families wear upon their
bonnets a diamond, or fomc other precious done,
ill-cut, fet in a button of gold curioufly wrought.

Otfieri

.TRAVELS

Othen hive « lafff^p piece of ftuft', with aRatc,
cliiyll.ll, or liime fiiih mattiT. Their h.iliit is long,
' aiitl hu< foinc rcfcnibl.iiice to th.\t of a llmleiit, bui
i< very cumbeiloine l.ir rin'ii on horltbjck. It i'oii(ill%
of »>•{(♦, wliith rcniliis to tlu'i-'roiiiul, the tkiits ot
which btint; folJiil before, are falUiied on ihc left fide
with four or live gold or filvcr buttoin. The (Icevcs
nrc wide toMardi the (hduldcr, and grow (horter and
Ih'irter, us they dcfcend down to the waill j nor is any
thing tobe fecii of the bands, bclidcl the tops of tlie
fingers. They keep their velli dole to their bodies
by a bro.i(l filken falh, the ends of which re.ich down
to the knees. The Tartars, to diniii;;uilh thcmfilves
from the Chincic, wear a kiiifc .iiid a lork llucit into
a handkerchief, and l.iltcned tothelilli, toj;ether with
fevcral other triflint', tbinf;>. In liininicr they weai
their necks bare, which to an European would .ippcar
as bordering upon indecency ) but in jvintcr tbcy co-
ver their necks with plulh fattin, or foxes Ikinv,
which makes iheni appear very well oi\ liorfeback.
Above this they wear a furtout, which covers their
bodies all the way down to the feet, and thefe have
much the fame appearance as mir barrilters gowns.
The ftudents in the fchools wear their uowns very
long i but the gentlemen, i-jrticularly the Tartars,
have them made (hort.

The under garment in fummer is only a llnglc pair
of drawers of white tafFaty, undi;r a Ihirt of the
f.ime Ikuft') but in winter their fliirts urc made of
linen, and under them they wear a piece of quilted
cotton, or raw filk. They always wear boots ; and
if any perfon happens to vifit them, and they have
not their boots on, the vifltor is obliged to wait till
they are fetched. This cuftom belongs entirely to
the Tartars, for as they never go to war without
hoots, fo they think It difhonouruhle to be feen in any
other drcfs. Their boots are not like ours, for they
have neither heel nor top ; and when they go on a
Ion, journey, they are made of firm old leather, or
thic\ , black pinked cotton ; but in towns and cities,
ihcy ufually wear them of fattin, with a border of
plulli or velvet on the knee. The people in otHce, and
thole of fupcrior diliindlion, w:ar pr.ttcns inftead of
lliocs, and they arc covered «ith linen, cotton, or
fllk. They ftirkclofe to the icet, by a border that co-
vers the heel without tying. 'I'hcir doflors, and other
learned men, let their nails grow very long, infonuich
that they are fomctimes as long as their lingers. Thus
they arc not only as an ornament, hut alfo as a dif-
tinihionj that it may be known that they are not con-
nected with mechanical arts, but wholly addii^cd to
the ttudy of the fciences. They likcwife fuffer their
beards to grow, which, in the opinion of the vulgar,
creates them much refpecl, and induces the people to
look upon them as more than ordinary beings. Of
thefe cuftoms the Chinefe are fo fond, that rather than
change their habits ordrefs, they renewed a great and
bloody war with the Tartars, and th? greater part of
them chofe rather to lofe their heads than their hair.
They abhor the drefs of the Europeans ; but this is
not to be wondered at, when we confider that they
know fo little of Grangers.

The peruke fo much eftecmed by Europeans, they
call a fantaftical head-drefs, proper only upon the
ftage for an adlor who would rcprcfent the devil
in the (hape of a man. They cannot be pcrfuaded
that ftockings add any grace to the figure of a man's
body, merely becaufe their own cuftoms, manners, and
drcfs have been the fame from time immemorial. Per-
fons of quality obferve all the ceremonies peculiar to
their rank in life, or the office they bear in the flatc,
or community ; and they never uncover themfelves
in any company whatever.

It is otherwife with them when in company with
their friends in private, for then they give way to ce-
remony, and enjoy all thofe pleafures which naturally
flow from a union of fentiments. The vulgar tranf-
crefs all bounds of modefty in this refpefl, particu-
larly in the fouthern provinces, where the boat-men
are fo impudent, that they go along the ftrects in finele

Vot. II. No. SI-

I N

CHINA.

601

drawers, without flioes, (lockings, or any t'linr; elfe
upon them. In the norlhcin pnn ince> tliiy.iua lit-
ilo more refcrvc-d, which may aiile Ironi niuliVLs i,\ iu>
icllily, bctaule 11 is more cold llierc than in the fuuth.
Ill luinmer many of the cniiiniotn wear nothing; ho-
fules a coarfe liiiiii frock, >ly>d blue or black ; and in
the winter they wear one qiiilt'd with cotton, and
lined with Iheep-lkiiiN ; but piiluns of i|ii:ility line
their frocks with ermine, foxes Cm 11 », i.rvhi't, .c-
cordin^^ to their choice. llie dial and 11. nil ilKciiiid
colour is fible, wliicli firms peculiar to tin- n nilrrn
Chinefe, in confeiiiKiicc ol ilicir dilceiit I mm tl.. I'.ir-
tars i who, of all othi r people in the wuiKI, Item to be
the fondelt of that colour.

In true politeiiefs, and in tl.c n:ac;nificcnce of
their buildln|.v., the Chinefe arc miuli inferinr to tlw
Europeans ; lor llieir an hilciitiirc is not f 1 beauii iil,
nor are their ap.irtnuiu.s e'lnltriieleil upon 1 pn.jei'
plan. Thi.« is the inoic liirpi ilim;, btcu'i e 111 many
of the fine arts they make conruleialile pin^^iels , na\,
fome piecesof their worknianfliip .iie icallv :\>lniirulilc.
But as there is no ctreCt without a ciiil'., fo 11 ni.iy
not be improper to attend to what has been wntun on
this fubicil by thofe who hue hid the hit! opportu-
nity to know i namely, thole jejuit.s who ri li.led f>
long in tills vaft enipiie, that thev even knew inme
of lonie parts of it than the natives tU' inl.h ■ •.
Eitft, becaufe all the pal.ices of the niandaru.s be-
long to the emperor, and are furmllied at the piililic
expencc ; I'o that the poflWrors do not give th' ni-
Iclvcs much trouble concerning them, knowint;that
their enjoyment of them will end with the cxpn.itioii
of their offices, or at the ulniolt sviih vheir lives,
And in general thofe mapilaiins are fo poor, iliat tiny
have feldom any thing more to fpjie, thnn what is
neced'ary tofupport tiieir dignity, which is i.i propuf-
tlon to their rank.

Secondly, becaufe the cuftom of the country for-
bids receiving of vifits ill any of the inner riHuns but
only in the yJrj.vH, which is conllrueled only I'oi tliaC
ceremony. It is a kind of banqucting-hotile, all
open, without any ornaments, except one . w of
columns- of painted or v,irnitlied wood. Their beds,
which they look upon as the principal ornament <. f
their houfes, never come within fight of a iirani/er -•
and it would be grofs incivility for anypcifon to de-
fire being admitted to the bed-chamber, thou^;h he
had feen theo'her parts of the houfe. All this mag-
nificence may therefore be reduced to cabinets, tables,
varniftlcd (krccns, fome pioluies, and piecesof white
fattin, upon which there arc written in large charac-
ters fome fliort fentences of morality, rhtfe or-
naments, when properly arranged, are very fine and
beautiful.

Varnilh is common all over China, and is of
fuch a nature as to take all forts of colours. I'hcv
mix flowers of gold and filvcr with it, and it not
only gives a fine luftic to the wood, but it alfo
prefeives it from worms, which are very niifchievousin
that country. No nioillure will penetrate into it,
nor any fccnt aftect it. It is not a compofition, as
fome have thought, but agum thatdiftllls from a tree
like rofin. It relembles pitch or tar, and mull be
mixed with oil, to make it iifeful ) but it has no fmcll.
On tables and ordinary chairs, they only lay on two
or three layers of varnifli, which makes it fo iranfpa-
rcnt, that all the veins of the wood arc difcernible;
but if the veins of the wood are to be entirely hidden,
then the varnifli muft be laid over ejuht or ten times
tHl it appears like a piece of ice. When the varnifh
is dry, they paint upon it many figures in gold, filver,
or any other colour, and then give it a flight touch of
varnijh to create anew luftre, after which the whole
appears extremely beautiful.

Porcelain is the ordinary fjrniture of every houfe ;
their tables, fide-boards, and even their kitchen Htcn-
fils are made of it ; for they eat and drink out of it as
the moft ordinary vcflels. They have large flowc.'-
pots of it; and their architciSfs fomctimes cover, roof,
and pave marble buildings with it. That which is of
7 P moft

VA-

-•'%.

(.■■* -■"!

Ibn

tRAVET, S IN

C II r N A.

mort cftccm, i« of three iliffircnt lolmiri. Firft ycllu v,
which, lh(iiii;h Ihc rarth be very hue, appear* num
Ciurl'e ihiii (he (ilhir>, IhciiiIu ih.il olonr will mil
•ilnm (inc p()!ifliin(;. 'Ih'' emperor iife« iiii other iii
hi»pjl.ite, and will allow no ho.ly tn h. \e .my ol li ;
To th.it ihoiiph he lia« ilic woill loit, yet an none
but hinilflt ijnh.iv", Tj none may emet. Sutiiu'lv,
^ley, wliieli ha* ahunil.uue ol iiri^iil.u Iiikh in it
Ih.it erois o'.c another, a\ it the ytlUls weir llurto'J,
or wrou^iit with niol.iic woik j to thin thiygivea
deep vaniilh, to eovir the inu|iuliiie«, aiiJ by a
gentle file it it iiiaile iep,iil.ir, ami pulilhiJ. 'jlieCe
ved'elt have J pailii iilar be.^iily, .iiid .iie iiukIi valiiiil
by the (iirioiM. Thirdly, the whole i% oriununtiil
with divers fi;^iire«ol Howtr% tree*, aiul binli, which
they piint In blue. Tliis \* reckoned the moll com-
mon nt' all ; etery prrliin ules it ; and it is the lame
th.it is lent into Kuiop-. Ol' ihii lort, foine is bul
very imlillVrent, ami not e(|iial to tli.it made in Ku-
ro|ie J but lliiit aie oiliir loitu (I it exe edini; fine,
and iiin'iiiiiiiii!; to a eonfiderablc price. The hnenels
it d.lUin red by the tranlparency, which is dircernihie
chidly about the biiiiis, that are thinner, and by
joining toyclher again il it he bioke, becaule tiiat is
a certain li^n ol th.' hardnel's, and conl'equcntly of the
Hnenels of the matter.

The whiicner* is olten confounded with the varnifti ;
but as the Ikillul in.iy dilcern ihi ni aliinder by carry-
ing them iiilotheair when thev are new, fo age will
in time make a plain dilliiRlion ) lor the bri),'htnets
will tarnilh, and the whiteiuls bei onie more and more
apparent. I he Imnotliiuls and fi lUii rseonlills in the
brightnefs of the va.nilli, and regularity of the iiiatlei.
The variiifli mult not be too thick, becaule then theie
will be a ciull U|ion il, and it will lliine too much.

I'Ik painting is one of the gnatelJ beauties of the
piircilain, ;;iid the colour* moil coiiiiiionly ufid arc
red .III I blue. 1 hey haye iii.tny beautiful red>, but
ftwoft!iiin arc lively, becaufe the ii.ii;;hntls ol the
matter lu ks in the ubiile pirts of the colour, and
theielore blur is nioie uiid. I'luir blue is the hncft
pcrb.ips in the world ; but it is difficult to hit upon
tlie nglit tiiidturc ; lo that it be neitlur too pile, nor
too bright. Their difi;;n< in paimiii;; arc rather
pretty than elegant j I ut iheir figures of men appear
monlhous to a llrangi r, though niueh cfteemed by
themfelvcs. They let a great v.iluc upon antient
vellels, as well as v«c, but for dill'erent reafons : wc
value them becaufe ibcy are fearce ; and they, becaule
they were made by their anceltors. Our merchants,
who vifit China, are not permitted to buy their goods
from the workmen ; fo that thev cannot ttll whether
they get the bcfl or i nt. IJc fides, they have no
opportunity lopivc ilirccTions to have any thing made
after a particular pattern, which if they li.id, wc
fliould certainly fee miiiiy things brought over to
Europe, uf a more curious nature than any hitherto
imported. Tlie cmpeior and the great men buy up
the finefl for theml'elves, and the workmen have but
an indifferent price for it.

Paintings are another kind of ornamental furniture
of theChinefe; but they I'o not excel In this art, be-
caule they are not curious in perfpectiye, though they
apply thcmfelves diligently to the art, and take great
delight in it. Moll of the paintings hung up in their
houTes reprcfent either the figure', or the aiflions of
their anccllors, if they ha. c been diDinguifhed for
anything grand or virtuous. If the lives of their
anccllors do not fiirnirti out any thing of that nature,
then they have figures of tiers, fowls, beads, fifhes,
and fometimcs laiidCcapcs. Hut whatever their paint-
ings reprelenty they have always fomc moral fentcnce
written undcrneaih, which might be extremely ufe-
ful to make an imprellion on the minds of thofe who
confider how applicable it is to the figures reprefented
in the painting.

In their gardens they are ftill more negligent than
in the furniture of their houfes, and their fancies in
that refpcit diOer much from ours ; for, except in
places f'^t jpattfor cUe buri.(l of the duad, they think

it niadiirl's to leave ary place unriiUivltcd for uffi
haying but little lalle U't what Kuiupeant lo inuili
I lb em. 'The |jw.\ cuioiii that the gii.itell part ol the
' ndt be plowed ainl lovt n ; lo that fiowcr-gaiileni
nitli llirm air but licondai V (ibjiCtt. linowiiiglu
till", that bi tides having al«a)» enough ol the fruiln
of the e.iiili lur donullic coiilumplion, they aie able
(Very yi.ii to (xpoit vail i|iiantitiei tu Japan and
Irveial other parls. If lliey were properly fkilled in
the art ol loudening, and knew bow to lay out walks
to the 111 II advaiitagi , nothing Hould be able lo tcjual
the biauty of their' walks, wheic the orangcn and
lemons would appear to an ad\.iiit.igr, beyond either
imagination or deleriptioii. It mull, however, be
< xcrpted to » hat has bnn here laid concerning their
iieghcl of gardens, lli it this dora not extend to
ihoie of a higher rank ; lor the Cbincle nilility
have, accordiiig to iluii ovmi talle, the fiiiell gaidinn
in the world. Molt of tlule ate liil lied on the baiiki
of liveis ( others have can ils running through ihun ;
and all of them aic adorned with prelly I'ummer-
hoiifts.

They arc extremely fond • ' fireworks, and very
curious in conli lying thini, i|)ecinlly on the days i f
their lellivals, cf which lliey have m.iry in China.
One of ihile is very ren.iukatle, and is talUd the
T'l .ill of Lanterns. The origin of thin (call it very
obfeuie, but the following is the traditional account
concerning It, as helmed by the vulgar. 'Ihircw's
a famous mand.iiin, who bad a moll beautilul ui.d
accompliflied daughter, and one day as fhc was walk-
ing bv the Me ol .1 river, ftie fell in and Has
drowmd. 'The aflic>-.d latbir, with his family and
other perfons, ran to the plaie, and, that they might
find her the iouner, caul'ed a go at iiunber of lanteins
tu have lights putintluin. All the inhabitants of the
place thronged after hiiii with torches; and though
they fought all night in yain, \rt it niueli pkalid the
maiuhrin to fee the willinum Is of the people 10 allifl
and condole with him. 'The next year the people
went again with their lantern^. ; and lo on annually,
till at lalt It became an eltabliihcd cuflom. Such is
the traditional account of the origin of ihis fellival ;
but the learned men jiillly oblerve, that fuch a triflin;.;
occurrence as this could hardly give bi''.li to a
national fellival. ' The account thry ^ivr of it is the
following.

China, th-y f.iy, was govcrneil, about three ihoufanJ
fix hundred years ago, by an emperor named Kio,
the lail of the fitfl race. He was endowed with all
the qualities that can conflitute an hero ) but the love
of women, logciher with his other debaucheries,
made him a monftcr in every fpecies of guilt. Among
many other extravagancies which he was guilty ol,
he rxhaufted all his trcalures in building a tower of
piecious {tones in memory of oii<. of hit concubines,
and filled a pool with wine, for himfelf and three
ihoul'and young men to bathe in, after a lafcivioui
manner. The wiieft of his courtiers advifed him to
defift from fuch pradiccs ; but infteadof complying,
he ordered them all to be put tu death. At length
he committed a crime that confummated the deltruc-
tion of himfelf and family. One day, in the heat of
his debaucheiies, he complained to his favourite
queen, that life was too (hort, and told her, he fliould
be content to rrake her eternally linppy. The queen
anfwcrcd, that as all the human race are mortal, the
only way for him to enjoy |)«rfril happinefs, was to
forget there were any changes of th'; feafon, either of
years, or days, or nights. To effcdl this, Ihc p.c-
vailed on hiin to build a palace, into which the light
of the fun fliould nevcf penetrate. To fu|'ply tlie
want of the light of the fun, he ordered a vaft num-
ber of lanterns to be hung up 1 and in that place,
he and his favourite queen propofcd fpcnding their
lime in fuch a manner, as not to know when it was
cither day or night.

After he had been fome months lliut up in this
place, the people, unable to bear the opprcflioiis thty
laboured under any longer, took up arniii, and pvt

tbcmfelye*

TRAVELS IN

ihriiifi'Lei UMiIrr eh« ilirci^liun of • grrtt lord ct-lc-
hr.iti'>l tor Ills wifil )in in priv.ilir, a< ucll as in pnhlii
lili'. As I'.Miii 4s llic i.ni|».'i<>r lii.iiJ ol tins luiilpii .'L) ,
hf put liiinlL'll iit (lie hi ul (>r .III iirniy ; but his p(.'ii|>li.'
rIi'IikIiuiuI linn, aiiJ In- winiK'i\'il up :uul iIhaii in
dil^;i.ici', III! at l.ill lie >li(J tur want ol r>>iiinii>n
iiiiiir.irKs. In llic nii'un time thr pioplr (Ulltnycd
h ' p.il.Ki', .iiiil ti) piciirvc the nui.c ly 'it (mli .m
■lIuiii, tiny liuii" I'll! Ijiitc'iiis III ivciy oni' ul ihr.r
cllirs, I Ins (ulliini lircinu' ,iniiu.il, iiiiJ h.is ivir
(iiKv bcL'ii the nu'll iiinlnia ilile t.llu.il in the
inipirr, It is iililcrviJ uith inure r»l>mnily in
((•mi'Clii'U thin any wliere clle t pi ihulily liei.iuk'
the L'Iri'uiiiltaiicu ili.il ^.ive ri.u tu it tnuk pUte
therr,

'I'licy are To extr.iv.ngant .it the time of thli frltival,
tli.it tluy ijivc thciiilelves up tu all fnrts ii| IliDiii;;,
ganiiiii;, ami iliniikciiiii.-r'.. Every hunk- i>hunij; nnr
in til.' (unit '.vlt:i lant insi and it lie(|ueniU !■ i|>-
p.ns, ili.it in I'ckin^ .iluiiu they amuuiit tu upw.mls
ul one Imnilrcd niillinns.

H.it (lie yii'.ittft piece of magnifuencc in China, is,
wlieii llu emperor iimIus Ins ;;)i|pearance in pulilic.
lie never ihtws liiiiil.ltOpcnIy, hut in IW fpuiulida
inaiUKT as to llrilie th eyes ol Ih.' beli<v|ijii» with
nnia^eiiient) when he lides out, \vliich is hut feldiini,
he IS altenjed hy up sard^ ol live (iujulaiid hoilirinen,
and tholu not of the lower rank, luit all periuns ol
t.ilhiun, including ilie lords ol lil^ eoui:, with
iill the great olliters ul' llalc. In their dielll'*! nu-
tliin;^ is to be I'een hut (illts, r.iitins, gildiny, and
precious Hones. Kvery thin^ is Iplciulid and pump-
cuis : their arms, the iLirnelsol tluir horfes, uinhii I-
l.is, llreamers, andath.iuUnd ot!it r bjd^';es ol' rojai
liignily, eviry-.^here Ipaikh-.il ili.it tiii.ej yet there
is nothing more itj;ular th.ni tins croud i eveiyoiie
knowing his rerpei;tivc rank ; iinl ihe head of that
■nan, or at leall his fortune lies :u Hake, who Ihoiild
preluine toobllruet the order of the march, home-
tiniishe poes without the p.reat wall into 'I'artary, for
the divcrfion of hunting, but is aivv.iys accomp.mied
by luch valt croud< of people, that it is as if he w.is
goin^ to take pofleinon of a imw empire. Sometimes
the number of thole in his retinue amuunt to lilty
thouland, and they aic put to many inconvenien-
cies, bctaufe tluy rannot encamp, but ate obliged
tu lay out in the fields with their horfes, during ihr
n:i;ht.

Ill goinu; ihefe joiirneyi, many of the men am! horfcs
die 1 bui the emperor makes no .tccouiu of lueh
thin;;s, his horles, as well as his liilj -i t», being aliiioll
innumerable. Forty oi lilty of tliv larLirian princes
tojiietopay thrir homage to him; lonieot wiioin have
armies of their own, but they are all his vaflals ;
hj ftequi nily fjives iheni his dauj;hters in marriage,
and to keep them (inn in his iiiteielf, he d. dares
himl'.lf their pmiiili't a'^ainll the Weft, rn Tartars,
called Monguls, and thole fubjeit to the Ruflians.
When thcle petty princes attend the emperor, they
arc treated in the nuiil fiimptuous n-anner, that they
may ie poll iFcd with roiiic idea of the wealth and
gram!, ur of China.

When he i;ocs to the temple to worlhip, or to any
of his temples for tliat purpof; , lie has I'el lum his
than live thonfand att-ndants ; and as many of thele
are moll fumptuoully dielp-d, with fplendid flags
carried before them, the whole has a nioll magnilieent
appearance; nor is it lefs fo when he gives audience
to foreign ambafl'aJnr* ; for on liich occafions the
whole empire is lanfacked tu find out things proper
to eiuerlain them.

V\'iili r^i'pcd lo language, that of China has no
affinity or tonneCtion with any of thofe in Europe,
neither in found, pronunciation, nor in the arrange-
ment of the words. Every thing is myftcrious in it,
and tho' all the words may be learnt by heart in a few
days, yet it requires two or three years to enable a
perfon to I'peak it, fo as to be underllood by a native.
But befides the fingularity of the word-, this language
tk»» cbara£ters of iu own to dilliiiijuilh it from all

CHIN A.

«oi

Nihrr». Thry do not fpeak at ihry wri'r, an. I ihc
h'll compt.liiion in lurlh .ind h^ibarous when pnnie.l.

I hiir el.iqueme doe', not coiilill in a cerljin u Ipofi-
tmn (if p ri(id«, fiiji as orat irs .itftct, willioiir b inj
(lulled wi h wi.rd. inllead i.f n. alter j lor I'rti.idof
Inch (U| crhcial ilctorjiioin of I. in uage, lie y have
many lively .ind pumied rxpr 111 .ns,' liuih in p.me-
j'yrie an I (jiiie| nolile nielaphor-, bild but wi ale
iiimparilons, and aburdame ol ( ntenccs and p.ifli-
grs lak-n linni tU • aiitients, who arc among them
gieailydleem'il. Th' y eipr. fs a great manv ihingi
III a lew ssordsi their (lile is (' mctimes ihile and
inylKnoui, ohlcure an.l not lontiiiu d, fur ili'y (V|.
doin uf.- ncttllar) partiil.s to lUiiKratc and t.iniieil a
dilcoiirfe. I lie Imiiid of (heir words is ,igr cjblc
enough to the ear, il^eeially in the provinre n' Nan-
kin, where the accent is more coireiil than in any
oiher pan, hit tlierc thry primounre the words in lo
folt and delicate a maniur, that a llranger tan Hardly
underllaiid th'in.

They never ulc the letter R, wliich much mtdilles
ihcir l„n^ua;ei yet many of the Chmele, who pre-
tend to Ipcak torodlly, ilraw out ilieir words to luch
a length, that they appear as lli nianv leniences.

Ilii y have no tixcd alphabet as we have, and often
evprel's their fuipnfe that we tan deliver our fenti-
mcnts with ihe .iirill.ince of lo liiiall a number of
letters. No pel lull cm he admitted to any degree in
learning, iiiilels he writes fair j li) that to thole whu
uiiderlland their letter-, every conipolition appeart
extremely beaulilul. I'lintiiig, which has not been
known in Europe niu' h above three hundred years,
IS of great a.uinuity in China ; but it dilFers much
from ourj.

When any perfon intends to have a book printed,
he employs a perfon to write it out fairly j and then
the printer, who may be more properly called an
ingravcr, pjues each leaf upon a fmooth table, and
with his tool diaws the charailers lo ex.icllv, that
they perfectly refcml'le the original. So that the im-
prcllion is good or bad, according to the care or neg-
ligence of the fciibe : for the flcill of the engraver is
fo great, and they arc fo cxadt in their work, that if
the leaf is properly vsrittcn, it feUlom happens that
.iny faults arc committed ; and when it is tiniflied,
it is impolTihlc to diftinguifh the print (lom the writ-
irg, if the paper is the lame. It is certain this way
ol printing is much inferior to ours, becaufc the
engraved wooden tables are of no manner of ul'e for
any other book befides that tlicy were engraved for.
The paper ufcd in China is fo fine, that many peo-
ple believe it to be made of filk, but it is not; for
It is all made of the juice and rind of the b rk of bam-
boo, which is A tree thicker and ftronger than our
alder. They throw away the firft rind as too hard,
but the innermoft being whiter and fofter, they puuncl
it in fair water, and lo compofe the mat..er for the
paper, which they make up with frames or moulds, as
long or broad as they think proper, as we do here.
Some of their leaves are ten or twelve feet long,
but their pa[x:r is much more tranfparent than ours.
They waih it over «ith alum, which prevents the
ink Ironi finking into it i and renders it fulhinin<r and
tranfparent, that it appears as if varnilbed over with
filver. But for all this, the Chinefe paper is not
hilling, for dirt foon gets to it i and being made of the
baric of a tree, it is alnioft impoflible to prclcrve it
from worms, if care be not taken to beat the book*
frequently, and expofe the leaves to the fun.

Their ink is moil excellent, but that of Nan-kin Is
moft valued. They make it up into fmall ilicks,
and fo fwctt-fcented, that one would be tempted tu
keep them, though they fliould be of no ufe at all.
The ftlcks arc folid, and in colour tranfparent, be-
ing fquare, about four inches in length, and one in
breadth. Some of them arc gilded, with figures of
dragons, birds, and flowers ; and fo neatly wrought
in moulds, that they appear as Arm as if computed
of metal. When a perfon writes, he dips one end of
the Hick ill water, which he rubs gently upon a piece

•'•Atoiteli'diwV

€'04

TRAVELS IN CHINA.

b( marble, anJ this produces a liquor into whiih he
(lips the pin, and writes upon one fidu of the paper
*>iilv. It 1* madj of l.'irp-black, drawn from many
HilTci.nt materials, I iit li-.at wliieh is mull elKinied
Ls frciii the grcale'of h't'^'t. lard. They mix a fori of
iiil with it' to make it fAcvt, and pleafnnt odors to
I'lipprcfs the rnicll of the lard.

'i'hc binding of hooks in China is ;i!fo very cu-
rious, though it falls mueh fliort of ours. They
luilher gild nor labour ihcni on the edjjes ; and the
ordinal y books are covered ,with a grey palleboard,
which appears handfonio enough to the eye. They
bind others as 'hey pleafe, Tome in fattin, and others in
fiih :ilk, flowered with gold and lilvcr. I'heform of
biiulina; i^ always th^* fame, the di'Tcrencc being only
in th.' mitcrials, which is more or lefs lich according
as the purchafcr chufcs to be at the expencc.

They pretend ihat they had printing among them
aliove four thnufand years ago ; but this opinion is not
to be wondered at, when we conlider that they are
very dcticicnt in the knowledge of chronology.

In ancient times the Chinefe had many books on
moral fubjedls ; but all thofe were forgoicen, and fell
into difrcpute, when the great philofophcr Confucius
made his appearance among them. The character
and writin;^s of this man are in fo much ellcem in
China, that the latter conftituto the bafis of their
civil and religious government, and his example is held
forth as a rule for the moral condud of all ranks of
people. It is therefore incumbent upon u?, in duly
to the reader, to fay ibmching concerning him in
thii work ) for many people have heard of his name,
without knowing any thing more concerning him.

Confucius, whom the Chinefe call Coum-lfe, was
Dorr ■" 'h? prrvvinrp of Quamtuam, in the 37th year
of the reign of the emperor Kino, 4B3 years before
Chrift's incarnation. His father died before he was
born, and therefore he was called Ife i that is, a child
of forrow. While a bov, he took no pleafure in
thofe ipoits and divcrfions of which young ones in
cencral arc I'o extremely fond, but had a grave and
ferious (Icpoitmint ; and difcovcrcd fig:is of the mod
exemplary piety. He never ate any ihiijg without
protlrating hiiiifelf on the ground, and bcjrging for
a blcfilng on it from the Supreme Lord and Governor
of the univcrlb. After thedeath of his grandfather,
he became a difciple to Toem-Sa, a famous doctor of
thofe times, and under him made great proficiency ir;
knowledge, before he was fixteen years old.

When he was a little more ai'vanci J in years, he
made a colleiiinn of the moft remarkable fayings and
maxims of the ancients, which ho intended to lay
down as the rule of his conduifl, and inllil into the
minds of the people. Every province was at that
time a diltincl kingdom, and had a prince of its
9wn, who, though fuhjeft to the emperor, governed
bv his own laws, levied taxes, difpofcd of all
places of trufV, and made peace or war when he
j)leafeJ. Thefe princes happened to have fomc differ-
ences amonglt thernfjlvcsj and the emperor, at thetiinc
Confucius was a young man, was afraid of them, be-
caule he had not force Itfficientto fubdiie ihem. Con-
fucius feeing this, .nnd being perfnaJed the people
could never be h.ippy fo |ong as ambition and falfe
policy govein-d their councils, refolved to preach up
n fovere morality to e.nch man, to contemn riches and
worldly pleafurcs, and embrace temperance, patience,
and other virtues, to infpirc them with magnanimity,
and a finccrity incapable of the leaft difguifc. His
words were fecondcd by fuch an example, as produced
very bei cficial confcqucr.ccs ; for kings were go-
verned by his councils, and the people reverenced him
as a faint. Thole who would n"! imitate his con-
diifl, vet commended him. j and being chofen to an
high office in the kingdom of Lou, in lefs than three
mo.iths hcbiought the people into fuch a (late of fub-
ie(!lion, that the neighbouring princes became jea-
lous, as knowing that the kingdom which was (b well
ojveriied, mull Hourifli, and become powerful.

T.'ic king of Tai was more jealous than any of the

reft arid therefore, if poflible, to put a flop to the
proceedings of Confucius, he picked out fomc of the
moll beautiful women in his dominions, and Tent them
along with an ambaflador to the king of Lou. Thi»
I'chenie had the dehied efledt ; for the king of Lou
and his courtiers forgot all the morality taught them
by Confucius, and gave ihenifelvcs wholly up to plea-
fure in company w ith thefe beautiful women. In
vain did the philofophcr remondrate againll the iriC'
gularity of their conduiEl j in vain did he rcprefcnt
to them that they were acting beneath the dignity of
theircharadlersas men. They lent a deaf ear to all
his inllru£tions ; v. hich grieved him fo much, that he
refolved to leave that kingdom, and travel into fome
other parts, where he iUuuld be treated with more re-
fpecl.

Accordingly he travelled from one province to ano-
ther, but was treated with (o much contempt, that
he was often in want of the nectiVaries of life, and
.IS often in danger of being murdered by thofe to whom
he had given the bcft of inflruiflions. But none of
thcl'e things alfeiEled him ; and he ufed often to fay,
that " The caufe he defended would prevail, and at
lad be acknowledged and fupported." Many dif-
ciples put thvmfelves under his tuition, fomei f whom
he taught to write a fair hand, others to couverle nji
the principles of government ; and feveral he in-
druilcd in the highcftmyfteries of the Chindc reli-
gion. One of his maxims was, " That human na.
ture came from heaven pure and perfciSl, but is cor-
rupted by paflion,' ignorance, and ill example. To
redoreit, wcmuft riduceitto its original, and become
obedient to realbn, which will inflrufl us to think
well, fpc.ik difcreitly and virtuoufly j obey heaven,
love our neighbours as ourfelves, and deny I'ubjeilion
to the conduct of the fciifes." This feeins to have
been his leafing maxim in theology ; and when we at-
tend to it, welhall find that it is at lead as pure as
any of the doc'lrines of the philofophcrs, whether
aniit lit or modern.

He lent lix hundred of his difciples into different
parts of the empire, to reform by their indruiSions
the ni;iiiiKrs of the people; and fuch was his zeal to
do good, that he once intended to have crollcd the
fens, and indriicl ilie inhabitants of didant nations.
The jcfuits tell us, that Confucius prophefiedof the
birth of a Great Pufon in the wed, who was to re-
form the whole world, by whom mud be meant Jcfui
Chrid i but what truth there is in this, we cannot fay j
only that almod all heathen nations had fome hopes of
the coming of fuch a perfon. 'Ibis truly great phi-
loro|>hcr lived to a great age j and though his precepts
were but too little regarded when living, yet after
his death, dately temples were built to his honour.
So that notwithdniiding any defign of his own, he is
now become an objeil of idolatry.

With refpcil to government, that of China majr
be confidend as in all refpcdls monarchical. They ne-
ver heard of the name of a republic till they learnt it
of the Dutch. And they llill wonder how a date can
be regularly governed without a king. They look
upon a republic to be a mondcr with many heads,
ibrmed by ambitious men in the times of public ca-
lamity. And their fentimcnts are the fame with rc-
fpciJl to all mixed governments whatever ; their laws
allow their princes an unbounded authority, upon a
fuppofition that he will ufehis power with moderation
and humanity, to fupport the dignity of the crown,
and promote the intcreds of the community. The peo-
ple rcfpeft their prince fo much, that they almod adore
him i his words arc oracles ; his commands are indif-
putable ; and alt that he does or fays, is confidered
as facred. He is (eldom feen, nor can any perfon
be permitted to (peak to him, but upon their
knees. All his officers of date ore obliged to do (oi
nor is there any didindtion made between them and
the princcsof the blood royal. When he is taken ill,
and there is rcafon to fear that he will die, then the
whole court is filled with mandarins, and other de-
pendants, who prajr inceflantly for his recovery.

This

■i .'4'

■*

"' V^'"

TRAVELS IN CHINA;

60s

•■^s'

This indeed is no more than what is confident with
their intercd ; bcinuL evi'ry mw cinpuror may tilrii
out ot cmplijyment all thule whole 11 iiduiit he dots
not appiove ot, and put hjs own favourites into their
places.

Tnattliis is the true (late of the c.ife, will appear
evident when we conliiler ihat the IoIIowim;; pariicu-
lars are eltabliflicd a» law in China ; and uiy pcrl'on
prefumin^ to find fault with them, would be con
jidcretl as a ri hi I,

Firit, All places, whether of truft or honour, ;.«
beftoaed tiy the emperor without purchale-moncy,
merit being the only title i but (.f tliat merit he is
left tu be the fole judge, In like manner he is to
judge whether the pcrfoii who has been appuiiued to
ail) plac- ads confilfjnt with the nature of his lUity ;
and if any thing In his conduct difpli afes the emperor,
he immediately lurns him out of office. Sucli things
fr..queiitly occur in Chiiia) and it has hajipencJ
more than once, that a perlon in high rank has b en
difcarded lor Acaring a robe, which tlie emperor
Conftdered as fuperior in clej;ance to his own.

Secondly, The fovcreigii has alio an unlinvad power
over the lives, as well as over the offices of lus luhjeiits.
No vicero), nor any court throughout the empire,
can execute a criminal witliout expici^ orders iVo.ii
the emperor They may try and condemn ihmi ac-
cording to law } but till procedings mud h'- laid
before the emperor, who either ronfirms 01 di.'aiuill'
the fenteiice according to his will and plealuie j and
foinetimes he curtails part of the li:verity of the fen
tenc, by making it kfs rigorous.

Thirdly, Although every man enjoys his real and
perfonal eftates in fecurity, yet the emperor can at
any time impofe what taxes he pleafcs j but it fel-
dom happens that he exadls more thin is con-
fiftent with that duty which every fubjeiii in general
owes to the ft.ite lit large. He has liKewife the privi-
lege of exempting particular provinces from bearing a
ftiare in thcfe neceflary burthens ; but this indulgence
is feldom granted, except when the inhabitants of
thofe provinces have been opprefled by fomc of the
Mongul Tartars, who frequently make inroads
tmongft them, and ftrip thun of every thing that is
valuable. Thus far we lenrn that the will of the
prince comes in the place of law; and the happincis
or mifery of the people muft, in a great mealiire, be
eftinidtcd according to his virtues or vices. How far
this may be the caie under republican governments,
we arc not now to enquire. 'Ihe lame paffions that
direiil an individual, often dire(5t whole communities;
but we may fay in the words of Mr. Pope,

" Whatever is bcft adminiftcr'd, is beft."

, ourthly. The emperor has the fole power of de-
claring war, or concluding peace. He may make
treaties on what condition he pleafcs, without :."iing
the advice of any of his fubjefts j but it is generally
fuppofed he will keep the honour of the empire in
view. No appeals lay from his judgments; for all
his decrees are irrevocaMe, fo that tliey muft be ex-
ecuted according to hi? mandate.

Fifthly, He has a right to appoint one to fucceed
him in tiie regal dignity ; and fo unlimited is his au-
thority in this matier, that he may even fet nfide the
princes of the blood, and chufc one fiom among his
common luhjedts. This however feldom takes place
in the prefent age, although it has been pradtifed
formerly.

TheancientChincfc emperors confidered themfclves
as the fath.-rs of thcii people; and therefore as they
knew th !t tliey were not to live forever in this world,
confuiucntly thiy looktd upon it as an incumbent
duty to provide for the fecurity and happinefs of their
people, after their prince was taken from them. At pre-
fent, the emperor generally appoints for hisfucceflbr
the Ion of one of his favourite queens; but though
his name may happen to be leiiftered in all the court;
of record in IVkin;T, yet the emperor may again rc-

Voi. II. No. 52.

yoke the appointment, and declare another of the
princes of the blood to be his lucccflbr. We have
iiiiiiy iiiltances of a fimilar nature in the hiiloiy of
i'/arope.m ii.itioiis ; and it may I'eive to fiicw, ihat
however weak at pnl lit the feudal law is become,
yet it WIS once uaiverl'.d j and that Unking inftaiiees
ot its power are to be met with in feveral of the
eallern naiioii?, and even in (.'hina ; an iiittancc of
which, til! very lately, we were in a manner unat-
quaiiiled with.

."sixthly, l)i aili puts no end to the power the emperor
Ills over his fuhj tU ; or, in other words, though any
of tliem die, yet he •an ii waid or punilli iheni ; that
is, he can confer titles upon them, which (hall de-
fceiiil to ihtii chiUlieii ; or he can render them iiil'a-
moiis 'or ever. .Sometimes he gives orders for temples
to be built 10 their memory; and if their con-
iludk li;:j been veiy beneficial to the. Ihite, he orders
the people to honour them as gods. Uiidoubtod'y
this is a moll flagrant abiife of religion; but then it
muft b confidered that ihcfe people have nothing more
than tile liglu of i,.iture to dirxl Jieni.

Seven! Illy, The emperor hath power tochange the
figure and form of thdr l.tteis, 10 abo'.ifti any cha-
r.icters .dread;, recivjii, and to I'ubllitiite ncwoiusin
thill room. He may alfo change tii i.ames of pro-
■• ,ncfs, cities, towns, villages, and even families;
hut tins IS no more thai 'vhat has b'en olMl done by
Eur.i|.i'an princes. !le has a power to prohibit the
ule ot fuch words in ctmvcrfation as arc not agreeable
to hiiti, and may introduce a new way both of fpeak-
ing and writing. One would naturally imagine tliat
ihis unlimited power granted to the fovereign mult
at one time or other be pervei ted to very bid pui poles ;
but it is really not fo, for there are laws even in China
wdiich dictate prudence to the emperois.

For, Firft, the old lawgivers have made this a
ftaiiding maxim of government, that kings are pro-
perly the fathers of their people, and not mailers
placed on the throne to be ferved by flaves. This
maxim is deeply imprefled on the minds of the peo-
ple, being alviays inculcated by their teachers and
philofophers ; fo that the emperor is, in fomcmeafure,
obliged to {hew himfelf in moft refpeols worthy of
that amiabe title.

Secondly, Every mandarin may tell the emperor of
his faults, fo that he does it with due fubmiflion and
rcfpeiSl i and if he does not then attend to his conduit,
he may put him in mind of it again. And though
there have been frequent inftances of fome of theli;
mandarins fuffering much for ufing fuch freedom
with the emp rors, yet the greateft part of the hiftory
of China fliews, that the foveieigns of that coun-
try in general have preferred the good of their people
to their own ambition.

Laftly, If a prince h.is any regard for his charac-
ter and reputation after death, he will take great care
to adt confiflcntly with his dignity and duty, in pro-
moting the intereft of his people. A certain number
of tlicir moft learned men are chofen to write down
an account of the emperor's adtions, and even his
words, from day to day; which chronicle is publiflicd
after his death, and every one is at liberty to make
what rcmaiks on it he pleafcs.'

The ordinary form of government which the law
prefcribes, is the following: The emperor hath two
fovereign councils, the fiift of which is called the
Extraordinary Council, and the members of it muft
be all princes of the blood ; no other being permitted
to fit in it. The fccond is called the Ordinary Coun-
cil, and, befides the princes of the blood, all the great
officers of ftate fit in it. Thefe two councils examine
all officers of ftate, and make their report to the em-
peror, from whom they receive their final determi-
nation. Under thefe councils i>'e fix courts .it Pc-
kiilg, each having different matters affigned them.
The firft is called Lipou, which prefides over the
mandarins ; and gives or takes away their offices, with
the confent of the emperor. Secondly, the Houpou,
which takes care of the treafury, and points out the
7 Q. ntoda

'Sltj^^.-

•^f>:~y^w

606

t. R A V K I. S IN CHINA.

moJe of raiCng the taxes. Thir>lly, Lipo, whicli
is to look after the antient cuftonis ; to tiikc cnic of
riligioii, the arts i>ml fcrcnces, and fori-ii^n alt.iirs.
Fourthly, ThcPinipou, which is acuurt of war, to
ti>ki- can- of the (uldicr?, anil every thing rchting to
the army. Fifthly, The Hiinpoii, where all cri-
minals are tried i and laltly, I he Conpou, which
has the care of .til the public buildings; iiich as the
emperor's palaces, the temples, the water-works,
halls, cilices, and fcafl'olds at public entertain-
meius.

E.ich province has a lieiitmant with a deputy under
him, and both are obliged to %ri\dc within their
own jurifdiflion. Each of theli; lieutenants ha* a
court, where all civil and criminal matters are de-
cided i but his decrees in caufcs of lil'e and death are
not final, till realized by the cmpetor. Along with
each of tlicfc vicc-roys or licutcnnms, are feveral
mandarins, who are in fome rcfpidl fpies on their
condufl i and this fervcs much towards keeping them
watchful and fteady in the difcliarge of their duty.
For neither favour nor threatening will prevail with
thcle mandarins to wink at the mal-admijuliration of
juflice; which Were they to do, they would be dif-
gr-tced throughout the whole of the empire, and their
ftimilics would be ruined. They tranfmitonce every
month to the emperor's council an account of what
has been done in the provinrc, and how the lieutenant
h.is comiucled the public aiuirs. IJut, bcfidcs all this
care, the emperor vifits the province in perfon, to
hear the complaints of his fubjrcts, and he does it
wholly at his own expence. He gives no notice of
his coming either to the mandarins or the lieutenants,
in order that they may be continually upon their
guard ; which is certainly one of the IkII fchemcs of
civil government that could have been invented.

In the punifliment of Icfler crimes, fuch as mifJe-
mcanours, the magillratc, if he fees them committed,
may caul'e the criminals to be puniflied on the fpot.
Thus, when they fee one man afl'ault another, they
can order their attendants to give the offender twenty
or thirty Ihipes, according to the nature of the of-
fence ; and all this in the open ftrect, without the
formality of a trial. 15ut in all trials where the life
of the perfon accufed is at ftake, then he has time
granted him to make his defence, and his trial pro-
ceeds in a fair open manner. It is very remarkable,
that though China is a large, populous empiie, yet
there arc but few criminals to be found in it, which
niuft be owing to the three following caufes. Firft,
the iBoral principles taught the people in their youth,
and frequently repeated in their advanced years. It
was 'lid of the Lacedemonians, thit their youth
treated the aged with more refpcifl than what was
(hewn by the vouth of any other nation; but this
was trifling when compared with the conduift of the
Chinefc. The people in China have fueh a facred
regard for the .iged, particularly for their parents,
that they comfort them under afflidfions, vifit them
when fick, aiul, as the lall mark of their love, bury
them in a pompous manner.

No rankor charaiSer is exempted from thefe duties;
they are incumbent upon all, and to ncgleil them
would be attended with the grcatcft difgrace. If a fon
were to mock his parents, or offer to lay violent hands
upon them, the whole empire would be alarmed. In
fuch a cafe, which feldom happens, the emperor
judges the criminal himfelf; all llie magillratcs in
the town or city where it happened are turned out
of employment, for negledling to curb this diabolical
temper, in the beginning ; the ciiminal is chopped
into a thoufand pieces, and his houfe is reduced to
adics. The emperors thcmfelvcs, notwithftanding
their fjvcreign power, would never find reft on their
thron", were they to (hew any want of refpeiEI to their
parents, as will appear from the following anecdote,
mentioned by Father Le Compte.

" One of the emperors banifhej his mother for
tarrying on an intrigue with one of the lords of the
eourc i and bccaufc he knew that this ai^ion would

render him obnoxious to his princci and mandarin^,
he forbad them all under pain of death to admonifli
him of it. For fome time they continued filent, hopc-
ing he would condemn himfelf for his conduit, but
finding he did not, they refolved to lay the cafe
before him, whatever might be the confequcnccs.
Three, filcceflively; were tortured to death ; but aC
length their heroic conlUncy fo gained upon him, that
he repented him of his cruelty. He refledlcd with con-
cern, that he » ho was the father of his people, fhould
thus a& the part of a cruel unjuft tyrant, by putting tu
death his innocent fubjedis, lur no other rcafon but
that they put him in mind of the duty he owed to
his mother. Accordingly he recalled her home, re-
inftated her in her loinier hom;urs; and he was
honoured by his ful.jiols for doing fu."

Next to their parents, thi y treat the mandarins
with great honour and refpeiit, i onfidering them as
the n prefentatives of the emperor. Part of this re-
fpeft is kept up by the fplendid rctinujs uliich thefc
officers have at all times to atteml then), end partly
by their integrity in the .ndminitlration 01 juitire.
Vvhen they go out of office in the provinces, whieli
is generally at the end of three years, th • people .:lKm-
ble in large bodies together, and fland on each fide of
the roail, for ten miles together or upwards, to teftify
their rcfpeiS for their good m..giftrate. This lays
the founiiation of honcft ambition in the mind of the
new appointed governor, who generally imitates the
conduct of his prcdcceilbr.

Secondly, Their civil government is built on the
wifcff maxims of found policy, which contributes
much towards the prefervation of peace and good or-
der among all ranks of people. CJne of theli; maxims
is, never to put a mandarin or lieutenant into oiHco
in the province where he was brought up, lefl he
fhould become partial to his own relations, and for
fear thofe who knew him in his youth might not
treat him with proper refpcct.

All thofe who are lent to govern provinces, or in
any important office diffant from the capital, are
obliged to leave their children at court, not only that
they may be properly educated, but likewife that thc7
may be kept as pledges lor the conduit of their
fathers. There is no fuch thing as imprefling cither
feamen orfolJiers, for the Cime army is kept in peace,
as in war. This creates refped to the (li:;iiity of the
emperor, and contributes towards preferving the pub-
lic peace. Every one who does his duty in a public
charaiflcr, is lure to be rewarded, according lo his
rank and merit, and all their punilhments are in one
way or other adequate in proportion to the nature of
th-r crimes committed, but ihofc of an enorincus
nature arc not common.

They reckon it good policy not to fufTer a womatt
to engage in trade, but to keep hcrfelf confined
withindoors, and he continually employed in bringing
up their children. So that as they do not vifit abroad
like our women, neither are they expofed to the fame
temptations. Great encouragement is given to com-
merce, and their fhips fail once every year to Uatavia,
Siam, Malacca, Japan, and Manila. But their
greatcft trade is among themfelvcs, between the in-
habitants of one province, and thofe of another ;
which, like fo many kingdoms, communicate their
riches to each other ; and this mutual commerce
unites the people, and fills their cities with plenty.

It isalmoft impolfible there fliould be any intrigues
between the different fexes; foras'the women are kept
in the apartments, fo none but their hufbands arc
permitted to vifit them. Thofe of a high rank have
concubines and nurfes, others have nurles only, who
a<5t the part of domclfics ; but the lower fort, who
have not above two or three wives, are oblij;ed to let
the one wait on the other. Nor is courtfliip known
in China, for a man never fees the woman he is to
marry till (he is brought to him. Their mothers, or
fome old woman employed by them, make up all their
matches, and they generally reprefcnt the bride a%
pon'efTing more qualilicatiu(ii thait Ibc really does.

Many

.'^•fff.

f't*

TRAVELS IN

Many of the men purchafe their wives in the fame
manner as they Jo other mcrchamJil'cs j givinj; more
or left for them, according to their gooU or bad i\ui-
lities. The parties being agreed, and the UHMuy
paid down, preparations are made on both tides tor tlic
marriage folcmnity.

The bride is carried inafumptuous chair, preceded
by drums, trumpets, hautboys, and other forts ot
mufic, and the parents and relations follow behind
Her portion, which flic carries along with her, is only
a few cloaths, and fomc articles of houlhold furniture,
with which her father prelcnts her. The bridegroom
(lands at the door to receive her, and having opined
the fedan, leads her into the women's apartment, who
fpend the remainder of the day in fealting, while he
does the fame with the men. This fomelimes proves
a day of forrow both to the bride and the bridegroom ;
for when he finds himfelf impofed on by a falle account
of the bride, he chufes rather to lofe the purchale-
money, than to t.ilcc her as a wife. Hufbands and
wives arc not to be feparated or divorced in any cafe
whatever, except adultery ; which, as it is in a
manner impoflibic, fo it feldom h.ippens : when it
does, the man who feduces the woman is fcourged in
the moft fevere manner } but the woman isJold, and,
with the price paid for her, the injured hulbamJ pur-
chafes another.

There arc upwards of one hundred perfons employed
by the emperor to regulate the calendar every yiar,
that the people may know how to diltinguiih iioly
days from others. They make the year to confill of
thirteen months, accordmg to the courfe of the moon,
which caufes fome alterations to be made from time
to time. Antiently they divided every day into
ninety-fix equal parts ; but at prefent, in confe-
o..p I cccf the inltructions given them by the jcfuits,
the -iivide it into twenty-four parts, in the Came
t-[2 : .: . in Europe. As for the ordinary people,
.1 J '<■ ind of time is the rifing and fefting of the

• -I'r'jon. In the villages they have bells, which
tii<.y tinkle in the night '.vhen they are alarmed at any
thing, or when one neighbour wants the afliOance of
another. But in every city and town there arc two
towers, in one of v\h'rh is a bell, and in the other
a d-uni. The bell is rung, and the drum beat, five
timesevery night, which tliey call fo many watches;
and without the afiiftancc ot clocks, tl ey have fuih
a regular way of counting, or rather guefling the
time, that they are feldom niift.iken.

The Chinefe coin is very odd, n<ii- is there, perhaps,
any thing like it in the world, unlefs it be in Japan,
or fome fuch parts.

They have round pieces of copper with hiiro-
glyphicks engraved on tlum, and a hole in the middle;
but the metal is not pure, nor are the characters
well damped. Tliey arc thick, but eafily broken ;
and their value does not exceed that of a farthing.
They reckon their money by croAii';, which are in
value equal to fix fiiillings and fix-pence with us;
but thefe pieces have no figure of the emperor upon
them i and any pcrfon wlio has doubts concerning
the value, rr.ay cut them in pieces. In general all
their coin is valued by weight, which, perhaps, is
the beft method that can be thought of; for moft of
the pieces are fi) clunify and irregular in their fhapes,
that every perfon cannot jud^c properly of them.
'I'hey buy alnioft every thing hy weight, and that is
the reafon why thofe who have occafion to go to
markets, carry Icales and weights along with them j
but all thefe muft be marked by proper officers ap-
pointed lor that purpofi- ; andfoexailt arc they, that
the thoufandth part of a crown will inftanlly turn the
fcale. They hav hut little g( Id coined amongft
them; and the reafon l<, the greateft part of that me-
tal is ufed in orn imcnts for their diellcs. They
divide till' poiinil into fixteen rqiial pirts, like our
ounces, and each of ih' I'e into ten cijual parts, and
each of thefe again into ten linalUr p.irts, and fo on
(ill they come to grain";.

The civil government of Chiii.i takes notice that

H I

N A.

io^

buildings be kept in proper repair ;, and whether there
are rivers or lnooks, neat itone bridges arc huilt
over them. The canals which convey their water
to tlv.- cities and towns, are all paved with free-done,
ami .1 liaiik r.iifed above the furtace, to prevent paf-
I: ngtiM l:iMM lielnjr aceidentall) drovvnid. In niarlhy
grf.uiuls tliey throw up prodigious large bank-, which
;iep the rr>.\d> very dry, ai.d all thia is lii^ne at the
expenceol L,ovu:riini.nt. Some of tliilr hii;h\va) . are
cut thioUjjh nnui;itaiii«, which ippiar terrible to
lliangers ; lut the people of the country are ac-
eultmned to thtm. Moit ot their naJs are eighty
feet bro d, aiui me foil being lii^iu, Ih.y ar.; loon drjT"
afterthc r.iin. In f>mi' priiviiiccs, tht y have on both
fides caufeways for fo.a pan ncrrs, witii ro sol tiees
growing near, which raak. s it vuv refru'hiiig in
I'ummer. Each of tiitlc r<.au> tenmnatcs in a ciTv or
to*n, and there arc woodeii ijillars fixea u,^ at h;jf a
mile diftance from each other, wiili large l.ttcrs on
the upper part, which tcli the traveller how far he
is from the town he left laft, ami how far from th.-t
to which he dcfigns to go ; to that it t'lcy c^ii read,
they have no occafion for any one to diretl them.

That the roads may be kept dee fnma rolilurs,
parties of militia arc ftationcd at ihort dillaiices
from each other. Their bufinefs is to convey letters
from one town to another, to protect paliengtTN, flop
every fufpicious perfon, and al.irni the country in
cal'e of the approach of an enemy. Every nun
whom they find going armed is (topped and taken to
the next town, wheic he is obliged to give an account
of himlelf.

Of all the equitable infiitutions in China, the
method of collefling the public revenue is moft
commendable. They are not pellered with fwarn.s
of officers as we arc; but all the landed eftates ; re
furveyed and meafured, and all the rich inhabitants
are regiftcred. When a tax is laid upon any fort of
goods, it is pnblickly known ; and, inftead of hiring
officers to colleiSt it, the people mull bring it to the
mandarin of the place. All their names being
known, there ir no difficulty in afeertaining who has
paid, and who has not ; and if a pertiin negle£ls to
fend in his (hare, the mandarin orders him to be
baftinadocd till he has made good h's payment.
Though the revenues of this empire are the grcateft
in the univerl'e, yet the fouthern provinces alone
could pay it ; but luch is the equity of the govern-
ment, that all arc taxed according to their riches,
and the nature of their feveral employments.

'("he numerous army kept in pay by the emperor of
China, one would imagine, was lufficient to fubdue
all Afia ; but their natural efFcininacy, and continual
idlenefs, are fuch, that they are but very little va-
I ucd .

'I'he VVeftcrn Tartars defpife them fo much, th.it
they fay in derifiun, " That the neighing of a Tar-
tary horle will rout all the Chinefe cavalry." And
yet all poffihie care is taken to have good foUliers ; for
none are admitted to be officers, till trial has been
made of their (kill in military atrairs. Thefe officers
exercilc their troops, form them into Iquadrons, march
them fiom place to place, teach them to divide the
files, to go through narrow pall's, fhew them the
way of attacking an enemy, and how to rally when
put in ditbrder.

Although they know the ufe of fire arms, yet they
take more pleafuie in the bow and the leyinitar, bc-
caufe they have (eldom any enemy to oppofe, except
the Tartars. But notwithftanding all the trouble
ufed in training them up to military difcipline, yet
they are fiion broke, bccaule they have no principles
of honour inftilled into them ; fo that they live con-
tinually at eafe, hoping there will never be occafion
for them to fight. It is certain, that this piece of
Chinefe police prevents dom..llic rnfiirreftions, but
it expofes the whole empire to be invaded by any fo-
reign enemy.

I'hough the Chinefe are now idolators, yet they
have ntjt been always foj for it appears probable, that

part

»isSf*'

6o8

•TRAVELS

part of ttiis vaft empire was peopled by the dcfccndants
of Noah, iooii after the deluge. Wi- read in Ciciicfis,
(chapter xi.) that the defcendaiits of Noah weru very
numerous at the lime when the Tower of Bubel was
built, and the confufion of languages which hap-
pened obligl:d them to fcatter thenitelves into differ-
ent parts of the univcrfe. I'hcrc is no doubt but
thele men continued many years after towoifliip the
fame God) but in all nations \vc find idolatry gaining
ground, till at laft it was firmly ellablilhej, except
among ihe Jews. The mod learned men in China
allow, that before fuperflition was introduced with
the god Foe, there were neither idols nor ffatucs to
be fecn ; for the people worftiipped the invifible God
of Heaven and Earth, and regulated their conduct by
the maxims of the Emperor 'I yao. It is laid that
this purity of religion continued ne.ir three hundred
years, till at laft fome ftrangcrs introduced images,
in the form of fome th' y had fecn in their own coun-
tries. But whatever truth may be in that, the Cliiuefe
are at prefent grofs idolators, having many temples,
and gods to whom they otf'er up facrificcs, jjarticu-
larly of fwine's He(h.

Their notions of the attributes of thofc idols whom
they worfliip, are the moll unworthy that any human
being can form. When they pray to them, and their
requells are not complied with, they treat them in the
molt reproachful manner, turn them out of doors, and
kick them about in the flrccts.

Le Compte tells us of a man whofe only daughter
had been long ill, and he prayed and facrinced to an
idol in order to procure her recovery. One of the
bonzes or priefls made him believe that fhe would
recover ; but be was miftakcn, for (he died. The fa-
ther was fo much enriigcd, that he went to the lieu-
tenant of the province, and procured an order to have
the temple pulled down, and the idol broken to pieces ;
all which was executed.

They believe in the doiftrine of tranfmigration of
fouls i namely, That as loon as a man dies, his foul
goes into another body ; thofe of the wicked into the
meanell reptiles ; but the righteous into men of a
higher fiation than the body they formerly inhabited.
Beiidcs the bonzes, who are the priefts of the an-
tient Chinefe, there is another fort called Lamas, who
Were brought in by the Tartars, and at Peking are
chaplains to the Tartarian nobility. Their habit is
the fame as that of the bonzes, and their religion is
nearly the .fame,' all the dift'erencc conliflinj,' in the
ufeof a few ceremonies.

About the middle of the fixtecnth century, St.
Francis Xavicr, a jel'uit, went into China, and laid
down what he believed would be a good plan for the
converfion of the heathens. Several of his brethren
followed him, till at lail there were upwards of two
hundred of them. The emperor permitted them to
build themfelves churches ; and they made fome few
converts, but nioft of them relapfed into idolatry.
Nothing but the wildell enthufiafm could ever have
induced the jefuits to imagine they could propagate
popery in China ; for it appears, that in the fervice of
the mafs there are more ceremonies ufed than in the
Chinefe pagan temples. To this we may add, that
their prayers being read in an unknown tongue, thole
converts did not underfland the meaning of the words
they repeated. At prelent there are no jefuits per-
mitted to vifit China ; for they, were fo zealous to
propagate their tenets, that they entered into difputes
with the bonzes i and this giving great offence, they
were all banilhcd, and their churches pulled down i
and fo little impreflions had their notions made upon
the minds of their people, that they all relapfed into
idolatry as foon as thefe fathers had left them. We
arc, however, under many and lafling obligations to
thofe fathers for their indefatigable inquiries inioevcry
thiiig relating to this vafl txtenfive empire. The
Europeans knew little of it at that time, but the je-
fuits pen!:trated into every province ; and being men
of learning, they were able to give a proper account
.of every thing they faw. As they taught the Chinefe

IN CHINA.

many ufeful arts, fo for a confiderable time th^ victt
treated with great rcfpcft ; and the emperor often fcnt
and converfed with them. As every popifh pritft
takes an opportunity of fpeaking of religion to ihofc
who differ from them, whether Heathens, Mahome-
tans, or Protcftants ; (o one day while Lc Compte
was in converfation with the emperor, the latter pro-
pofed the following objedions to the truth of the
Chriftian religion. " If the knowledge of Jcfus
Chrill be abfolutely necelFary to falvation, and God
dclires that all men fliould be favcd through him, how
happens it, for thefe fixteen hundred years, we in
China know nothing of it ? Is China foinconfidcr-
able as not to be thought of, while fo many b.irba-
rous nations have been enlightened '" To this objtc.
tion tlie jefuit anfuered, that China had not been for
gotten in the commiiTion given to ilie apoftlcs to in-
ifrudt all nations ; and in procf that St. Thomas,
and another of the apoflles preached in Chin::, ho
quoted the following paflage from their hiftory. '• In
thofe times (that is, about the age of the apoflles) a
man came into China, and preached heavenly doc-
trines. He was not an ordin.iry man, for his life,
miracles, and virtues, nude him admired by all the
world." We fliall not take upon us to fay v\hat truth
there is in St. Thomas ever having been in the em-
pire of China, or in any |>art of the Ea(l Indies;
but be that as it will, the emperor's ol-jeiflions fall
to the ground, when we confider that thcie were many
floutifhing churches. in nations where the inhabitants
are now either Heathens or Mahometans.

As the jefuits will not give up any of their notions,
fo they taught the Chinefe that they could woik mi-
racles. Father Faber, a zealous jefuit, having
taught the doiSrine of miracles, it happened that a
difirii5l in one of the provinces was inteftcd by vaft
fwarms of locufts. 'I'he people waited upon the je-
fuit, and begged he would dellroy thofe peflilcntial
vermin, feeing he had the power to work mir.clcs.

I'he father laid hold of this opportunity of preaching
to them, telling them that if they wculd believe thu
gofpcl, he would not only deftroy the loculh, but
would give them an alTurance of eternal life. They
promifcd they would, upon which he told them thiy
mud fall and pray fevcral weeks, (or he knew that
about that time the locufts would die of themfelver.
Accordingly, when he was certain the time was coire
that they would be dcflroyed by the feverity of the
weather, he called the people together, and having
drelTed himfelf in his robes, went out into the fieUl5,
and having pronounced the fciucncc of excommuni-
cation, he fprinkled the ground with holy water, and
next day all the locufts were found dead. Next yiar
however the locufts returned, and as the Jefuits would
not comply with thercquefts of the people in deflroy-
ingthem, before they had made any progrefs in d'-
ftroying the fruits of the earth, they all forfook po-
pery, and relapfed into idolatry. .Such were the tl-
fedls attending the jefuits proleiring to work niiuclis.

They knew it was not in their power to ch.in^c tie
courfc of nature j but they were tbolifli ciioii:;li to
pretend to do it. And from tliis circumftance wc
may learn, that even the greaieft politicians are, in
fome things, thegrcatcft fools. We fhall conelude
this account of China by drawing a few reflexions
from what lias been already advanced. And, Firft,
It is furpriling to find fueh a vaft itrpirc will inha-
bited, and furniHied with all the neeelVuries of life, fo
little known to the reft of the world. This however
will be accounted for, when we confider that our
merchants, who trade to China, have nothing in view
befides the acquiring riel'.es ; fo that they never give
theml'elvcs any trouble to inquire into the manners
and culloms of n people with whom it would be no
difhonour to bcconnedlcd. Strange that (ueh an opu-
lent company as that of the merchants tradinc to ihtf
Eaft Indies fhould not feek to enlarge the huin.ii'.
undcrftanding in the f.imc manner as tley do com-
merce ! It is well known that this niii;ht be done by
fending a few valuable prcfents to funic «f the great

men

TRAVELS THROUGH TARTAR Y, fcc.

£o^

Bien in the fouthern arovlnces of China. Thefe
prerenti being delivered in agraccful manner, would do
nore towards opening a communication between thefe
people and ourfelves in Europe, than any thing that
has been hitherto attended to. If they would be pre-
vailed upon to fend two or three of their fons over to
this part of the world, to learn our laws, manners
and cuftoms, and after being treated with friendfliip,
conduA them home adorned with all thofe accom-
pliihroents which corld be acquired, they would, by
their converfation with their friends, remove from
the minds of their countrymen thofe unhappy preju-
dices they labour under.

Secondly, As the Ruflian empire is apparently ri-
fing up to a ftate of greatnefs, fo to facilitate a com-
munication between Europe and China ; it would be
much for the intereft of the emprefs, and for the dignity
of the Icing of Great Britain, that the Chinefe (hould
be invited to keep an ambaflador conftantly refiding
at the court of Peter(burgh, whofe curiofity might
in time lead him to vifit London.

Thus a communication might be infenfibly as it
were brought about. The Grecian language, at
prefent much cultivated in England, would be of great
fervlce to anfwer thefe valuable purpofes j and at laft
the Chinefe would begin to emerge from their prefent
obfcurity, and court an alliance with European
powers.

Thirdly, As we have already feen how ridiculous
the jefuits have made therafelves In pretending to work
miracles, let us endeavour to learn wifdom by their
mifconduA. If it ihould ever happen that a corn-
muiiication could be opened between Great Britain
and China, fo as to enter into converfation in a frie.idly
manner, let us not pretend to do what is not in our

Eower; but let us tell them, that we make nopreten-
ons whatever to the power of working miracles ;

for although we are firmly perfuaded that miracles
were wrought in the firlt ages of Chriftianity, yet
they ceafcd as foon as the neceiTity for them was re-
moved. The Romifli priefts never make a more auk-
ward figure than when they pretend to work miracles s
and the reafon is obvious, for they know they have
not the power to do fo j and wherever they inculcate
fuch notions among the common people, they will
find that fome of them will be bold enough to call
upon them for an exertion of their abilities, perhaps
when they little expefl it.

Laftly, We could wiflt that in the ordinary Courfe
of reading hiftory, young pcrfons would not negleA
that of China. It is furprifing to think how, and in
what manner, hiftory points out a fimilarity between
the inhabitants of all the nations of the world, either
in antient or modern times. In their manners and
cuftoms, the Chinefe have fo many things in com-
mon with the antient Egyptians, that many have
imagined the former was a colony of the latter, who
left their native country at a period of time when they
were oppreiTed by fome tyrant, whofe name has not
been tranfmittcd to us. This, however, is really a
vain conjeftuie ; for with greater reafon might we af-
fert that the favages in America are defcended, from
the ancient Carthaginians, becaufeboth ufed the cuftom
of fcalping their prifoners. Many things of a fimi-
lar nature might be mentioned ; but we mall conclude
this article by advifing fuch of our officers, as
captains of fliips, and other men of abilities who
vifit China, to endeavour to bringus better account*
than they have hitherto done. This will habituate
them to an acquaintance with the place; and by an
infinuating, engaging behaviour, they may probably
learn even more than they could have reafonably ex-
peAed, confidering the difcouragements they laboured
under.

TRAVELS THROUGH TIBET, WESTERN TARTARY, KARAZM, and

BUKHARIAS.

By Thevenot, Kircher, Duhalde, Gruebar, Dorvile, &c.

THIS country, which the Europeans call Ti-
bet, or Thibet, has many different names
among the Orientalifts, and fo have all other countries
in that part of the world } for it is our misfortune,
or rather it is owing to their quicknefs of expreffion,
that we do not rightly attend to what they fay. Ti-
bet is fituated on the weft of China ; and is in length
from eaft to weft one thoufand feven hundred and
thirty miles i but in breadth it is very irregular, be-
ing above fevea hundred miles in fome places, and not
above two hundred in others. It is bounded on
the north by the country of Koko-Nor > 7nd a vaft
fandy defart which feparates it from Liti le Bukharia ;
on toe eaft it has the empire of China ; on the weft
by the Mongul's empire, or Hindoftan, with Great
Bukharia ; and on the fouth part of the fame territo-
ries, it is divided into the LefiTer and Greater Tibet,
the (irft of which is called by the natives Beladiftan,
and the fccond Butiin.

Little Tibet lies to the northward of Kaflimir, the
moft northern province of the Monguls empire, ard
moft of the inhabitants are Mahometans. In the
year 1664, they were tributary to the great Mogul ;
but a difunion having arifen concerning the right of
fuccelfion, one of the pretenders to the crown ap-
plied feemingly for alKftanee to the governor of Kau-

VoL. II. No, J2.

mir, who, by the Mongul's orders, gave him the moft
powerful fuccours he could afl^ord ; and having af-
fifted him in fubduing and putting to death all his
competitors, left him in peaceable pofleffion of the
regal dignity, upon condition of his enlarging his
annual tribute to the emperor, that is to him whom
we commonly call the Great Mogul.

The petty prince waited upon A'ireng-Zeb, when
he was in Kaflimir, and brought along with him a
prefent of cryftal, mufk, and wool ; but he had fo few
attendants, that a Spanifti gentleman who happened
to be there at the time took nim for a country peafanta
Bernier wasat that time in theferviceof a nobleman
making the tour of the Mogul empire, andbeingot
an inquifitive temper, he invited this petty prince to
dine with him. After dinner he aflced him fever!>l
queftions concernine his kingdom ( and received for
anfwer, that it was bounded on the eaft by Great Ti-
bet, and that it joined to Kaflimir. He added, that it
was in length about three hundred miles, and one
hundred in breadth ; and although it afforded fome
chryftal, mufk and wool, yet it was in general bar-
ren, and his fubjeAs extrer^ely poor. Fte faid they
had fome fruits, but that was only in the fummer; for
their winters were fo cold, owing to the great ftermi
7 R af

, f

.,-as*

(li4

tftAVELS tHROUGH TARTAR Y, &e.

of fnovr, that it was in a manner impofliblc to pre-
serve fuch ripe fruit as hnd been gathered.

" We went (faysBernlcr) to hflccrju, the capital
of Little Tibet, which is fiiuateJ about cicht days
journey from the borders uf the province of K.i(hniir.
In this town or city we met with nothing that I'lenicil
remarkable. The houfes have only a jj^ruund floor ;
and their mofques, which they would nut permit us to
enter, feemed but very contemptible edifices. The
rn'ountain upon which this city is built, in-liiced us to
believe that we fliould enjoy the beiu lit of a vaft ex
tcnfive profpect ; but we were dilapiioinied ; for there
Were fo many rifing grounds to intereepl our view, that
we fcarcc faw any thing worth notice. A river runs
near the city, and, winding in a ferpentinc form round
the mountain, divides iritlt'into fever.il branches, in a
large valley below. The water of this river in confi-
dercd as medicinal, and perfons of all ranks from molt
parts of the country come to drink of it."

The fame author, tells us, that there are feveral fo-
refts in Little Tibet, well ftorcd with all forts of
game, the prince and his fubjciSls being much addi£led
to hunting. Father Duhakle, thej-.l'uit, with feveral
others of the fame order, were the lirft perfons who
ever gave a proper account of this country called Ti-
bet, even to the Chinefe themfclves. As if thefe fa-
thTS had thought no hardfhip too great, fo that they
co;ild ingratiate themfelves into the favour of the
Chinefe, they undertook a journey acrofs this vaft
country ; for though it is fometinits known alto^^ethcr
by the general name of 7'ibet, yet it is divided into
man;' lefllr kingdoms j of which we fliall give an ac-
count in the words of the jcfuits themfilvcs.

" We entered this country (fays l)iih:ilde) at the
borders of China, and leanied that the territories we
were then in were called CJrcat Tiliet, to diltinyiiifh
them from a lelUr kiii^^i'oiii of tlie lanie name. The
firlt place «c arrived at, was a moll dreiu'.fiil lol'ty
mountain, covered all over with fnow ; and this was in
fcventecn days after we had jniiied a caravan, that was
travelling into thofe parts. In fevcntecn days more
we arrived at Ladak, a fortrefs, whiie the kings of
the country refided j but here we met with very little
worth notice.

The weather was then extremely cold, it King in
the midft of winter, but we were obliged to travel in
that feafon for the benel'.l oi' the caravans. A mer-
chant, a native of the place, told us, that the whole
kingdom of Great Tibet is, in comparifon of Pcrlia,
•he kingilom he came from, a moll niiferatie, tr()/.en
tlcliirt.

'J'hc people fpeak a fort of broken Pcrfian, part of
which we underftood ; fo that We were able to hold a
converfution with lliem. The firft we met with-among
them were Mahomvtans ; but they were extremel)
ignorant, and knew but little of the principles of
the religion they profefled. They were all drclTed in
coarle woollen frocks, or gowns, with Ihort boots,
and fur caps on their lieads. But though they were
poor, yet they treated us with the greatefl civility,
and Ihewed no rudenefs in their behaviour. Their
mofques were little better than cottages, nor did it
appear to us that any of them uiiderflood letters;
their whole worfljip confifting in a few rites and cere-
ino'.ies. We afked them whether they drank wine ?
and the anfwcr we received was, that there was fo
little of that liquor to be met with in the country,
that there was no great fear of their breaking the laws
of the holy prophet.

Proceeding about an hundred and fifty miles farther
into the country, wc met with many difliculties in
rroding rivets and climbing mountains; and there we
found tlie people grofs, illiterate heatliens. They had
feveral idols, which they fhewed us, to whom they
offered up facrifices j and, what is very remarkable,
thev have one god, whom they call Urghien, and
they believe that he was once both god and man,
witnout father or mother, but born of a flower, about
feven hundred years .ngo. On convcifmg farther
with them concetning this remarkable iJol, we found

he was the fame with the famous god of the Siamcfr,
called Sonimonocodom ; who this extraordinary per-
fon was, we arc not now able to determine, but ths
fable concerning him feems to have been originally
founded upon fome part of the Icripiiire hilioiy ; yet
(o gnlly mangled to iLrve the purpole oi luperltitioii,
that little lenlc can be madeol it, in all their tem-
ples dedicated to tl)i> idol, they have the ftatiie (f a
woman with a Hower in her hand, which anfvvers
r,\aCtly to the account we have of the mother of
Somniunocodom, who conceived him on the flower,
floating in the midfl of a fiver.

Tluy ufe a let of beads in their worfliip, make no
difliiidlions with ref))ccl to meats or drinks, believe in
the traivfmigratiun of the human foul, and will not
allow of polygamy, as is common in moft of the
eaflern nations. Their priells, called lamas, wear a
habit different from the common people, and their
hair hangs loofe over their ears or ntcks, nor do they
wear ear-rings. Their employment is to read and
ftudy the books of their law, written in a langu.:ge
and charaifler which the vulgar do not undirll.ind :
and they recite their prayers much in the fame man-
ner as they do in the churches of the Roman Catho-
lics J namely, by finging them alternately with ths
people. They perform all the public religious duties,
and arc held in great veneration, living feparalely
from the rclf of the people in a fort of convents, built
on purpofe for tliciii. They have fujieriors, like our
bifhops i and over the whole body is one who adts
the part of an archbifhop, or patriarch, whom the
king himfelf treats with the grcatcfl relpeit. In all
cafes of difficulty at the court of Butuii, thelc Patri-
archs are confulted, and much regard is p.iiJ to their
advice, hee lufe they are, for the moft part, men of age
and experience.

At iliKiin, in 1715, we had an opportunity of
converfing with the piiiiee of the country, whole
name wa'. Nima Nany.d. He received us with great
good nature, tho' with lome degree of formality ; for we
were obliged to wait till his chief miniller introduced
u', and then we found his majelty leatcd on his
thrune. Next day he invited us to dinner, and wc
eonverfed with him till towards evenini?. Meh.id never
heard of the Chrillian religion, any farther tlian what
fome of his Mahometan fubjeilshail told him ; name-
ly, that there hailheenonccajiieat prupiier, called Jel'us
Chiill, who, for feveral years, had many lollowers ;
but they had at lalt become I'o degentiale, that they
were not known in the world, exttjt in lomc few
parts. Wc tidcl him the whole accoiiii: ol our Sa-
viour and his dileiples, with wliieh he appeared to be
entertained ; and in four days afterw,.rds he lent us
another invitation to dine with him; and then he
treated us with more familiarity than before. We
did every thing wc could to entertain hiir., 'nd related
to him an account of the moft iiuuei.-l pall'ages in
the ffate of Europe, all which pleaied him exceed-
ingly ; and when we left the place, he conduiled us
out of to'vn.

In 1664, the king of Great Tibet, knowing that
Aurcng-Zeb was at Kafhmir, and thieatened him
with a war, fent an ambalTador, with prefcnts of
mulk, chryftal, and fine white cows tails, which,
by way of ornament, are fr.lKned to tlie ears of ele-
phants; that creature being nuieh regarded in tht
Mogul Kmpire. This ambafl'ador's train confilKd of
about title-en or fixteen perfons, all tall men, but poor
meager looking creatures, with whifkers infiead of
beards, like the Chinefe. On their heads tliey wore
red bonnets, an I a few of ihem had fwordsj but the
reft marched behind the amb.'liador, without any fort
of arms whatever. He piomilVd the Great Mogul, in
his mafter's name, that a mofque ihould be built in
his capital ; that his coin for the future fhould bear on
one fide the figure of Aurcng-Zcb and his fuccefTors }
and that for tlie future I'.e woald become a tributary
to the (Jreat Mogul. However, no fooner was the
emperor Aurcng-Zcb returned home» than the kii»g
of Tibet broke his word, allcrted h»s independency,

- *.

TRAVELS THROUGH TARTAR Y, Sta

6ii

and even to this day the people of this country are in
fomt mcafure free } being ainioll in the fame fituation
with reipcdt to the Mogul Entpirc, as the Tartars are
to the Ruflians, living by pi unJir, and paying but
little regard to government.

Anotncr divifiun of 'I'ibet is called the kingdom
of Lail'a, and the miflionarics have given us the f»l-
lowini] account of it. It is bounded on the fouth by
vafLchains of moujitains covered with fnow^ and no
lefs difficult to pafs than thofe which fecure Gre.it
Tibet on the wcit ; the torrents that feparate them
being pallid over on planks, laid on ropes ftretchrd
acrofs. On the weft lies CJrcat Tibet ; on the noith
a great fandy defart J and on the calt, feveral fmall
provinces, bordering on China. I'he capital cily of
this kingdom, is called Tonkcr, and is fituated at the
foot of the mountain Putala, near the confluence of
a fmall river with the K.iltyu, which falls into the
Ifanpii, about thirty miles to the fouth-fouth-wcft.
There is a fpacious temple in this city; but befides
that, it has nothing remarkable in it. Diihaldc fays,
that in converfation with n Chinefe ambafTador, he
learned, that in the river there was a fmall ifland, on
which was the refldence of the high prieft, or grand
lama, whofe temple was fevcn itorics high, in the
uppermuft of which he lived ; and near the fides nf it
were the ruins of an antientcity, deftroyeil by Kullii
Han, king of the Eluths, about the middle of the
laft century.

«« The inhabitants of this country (fays the jefuit)
are ftrong and «ell made, but their fes and faces
are kmicwhat black and R.ir, or i..,ner of a cream
colour; anil their women arc bigger th;\n the men,
bur much afllicted with fwellings in thiir ihrnat. In
fuminer bmh (txes wear large pieces of fnllian or thin
heniptn cloth round their bodies ; and in winter, a
thick garment like felt, and on their heads they h.ivc
a bonnet adorned with boars' teeth, and ftailiers of
various fowls. The richer fort have necklaces ot
coral or amber ; and all the women wear bracelets
upon their left arm^, from the wrift up to the elbow.
Both ni.'n and women wear about their necks a piece
of filk twift, at the end of which hangs a lurge bead
of amber or chryftal, and fometimcs a boar's tooth,
■which dangles upon their breafts ; and on the left fides
their girdles are fattened with butions of the fame ma-
terials. The courtiers, though to all appearance ex-
tremely poor, yet are very expcnfive in thi?ir dicCs,
which confifts of cloth of goKl, nri the richeft bro-
cade ; and as they have none of tncP- thiiii^s in their
own country, lb we find that thr.y purch.ife them
from the Chinefe, giving in exchani',e the nierchandife
their own produce. Some of the men wear a habit
in all refpedis refeinbling that of the women, only that
the upper part of their garment is red, after the man-
ner of their lamas, or priefts. But notivithltindins
all this tinery, they are a very (lothful people: many
of them eat raw fled), which fecm« to be peculiar to
the I'artars, and neither the men nor the women wear
(hirts ; and they feldom Wiifh their hands or faces.
They are courteous and aft'.'ble to ftiangers. 'I'he
women are not confined as in China ; they are permit-
ted to walk the ftrects as vv-11 as the men ; but fuch of
them as we faw, were very frightful figures. They
difter greatly from mod other people in the eaft,
in relation to their marriages ; for the rcftriilion laid
upon the men is greater than upon the women. It is
true, the men arc allowed a plurality of wives ; but in
thi"; they are fevcrely rcllriflcd with refpe<!> to confan-
guinity ; none being permitted to m.irry within a cer-
tain degree of kindr>."d. It is oihcrwife with the wo-
men, who may have as many huib-.nds as they pleafe,
fo that tliey are not the relations of each other; and
thcle hufbands have the women in common among
them; only the firft who cohabits with a woman, is
confidered as father of the children. When the lamas
are reproached for this cuHoin, which they make an
article in their religion, they apologize for it by the
foarcity of women, which prevails both in Tibet and
throughout.all Tartary, where the iiiitU'S are the molt

numerous; but this cxcufe we found trifling, for
throughout all thofe parts we vifited, we'found, either
by our ownobfervation, or from the bift accounts we
could procure, that the fexes were as equal in nunibcr
as they are in any part of Europe.

It was with much difficulty that we could acciuire a
litlk- knowledge of their language ; for it is diftlrent
both from the Chinefe and the Perftan. The BQtun
churaCler is much ufed in the eaft, and confifts of only
f(;ur vowels, twenty fimple confonanti;, ten double
letters, and niiuty-hx compound charadlers, fuch as
are anini.ited by their vowels. In many p.iits of this
country the foil is good, ^IxjuiiJing with rice, corn,
pi.ilfc, and wine; and tlitir tr.ide is chiefly with the in-
habitants of Bengal. The chief conimoditics in whicli
they trade, are nuitk, rhuburb, worm- Iced, and fursj
and here the rhubai b is reckoned the bcft in the world.
It is a root which thiy cut in pieces, of which ftring-
ing ten or twelve together, they hang them up to
drv. As the wet (jioils it, the nuichant runs great
hazard in bringing it to market, for vaft (howers of
rain fall in that country. VViiat they call worm-feed
grows in the fields, and muff die before it can be ga-
thered. But the greateft hardfliipi', that before the
feed is ripe, the wind difperfes above one-half of it,
and tint is the reafon why it is fo fcarce. When they
gather it, they take two little hampers ; and as they
go along, move them from the right to the left, and
back .igain, as if they were mowing the herb, which
they bend at the top, and thus all the feeds fall into
the bafkets. Had the natives the fame art of killing
martins a", the Ruifians have, they might carry on a
confidirahle trade with the fur ot thofe animals ; but
with that they are at prifent utt-rly unacqu.iintcd, A
duty of twtnty-five ^f/- ifnr. is im poled by the Great
Mogul upon all goods which the merchants of Tibet
hriiig tiiiough his territories, but fometiines it is re-
duced to eight or ten. When theoflicer at thccuftom-
houfe lefulls to do fo, then the merchants return, and
come by another way through vaft forcffs, where
thoufaiids of elephants are continually grazing. Their
women are in fome relpeits very ingenious artlfts, and
in the abl'ence of their hufbands they make pretty toys
of coral and amber, which they fell to llraiigers at a
confiderable advantage. 'Ihey have abundance of fil-
ver coined, w hich induced us to believe that they have
fome mines of that ore in their country ; but they ei-
ther could not, or would nor, give us any informa-
tion concerning them. A« for gold, they have none
but what they get in exchange for goods from the
merchants in Bengal, or Ibme other provinces with
which they trade. In their religious ceremonies, we
found thole who were heathens to have a very near
affinity with the Chinefe ; and at firit we could not
help thinking we had difcovercd fufHcicnt evidences
of the Chriftian religicm having been onceeftablilhed
in this country. Firft, the drefs of the lamas feemed
to refemble what »e are told the apoftles wore. Se-
condly, their fubordination, which has a nearafHnity
with our hierarchy. Thirdly, a rcfemblance between
fome of their ceremonies and thofe of the catholic
church. Fourthly, their notion of an incarnation.
Fifthly, their maxims of morality. However, upon
mature deliberation, we found that nothing could be
inferred from thefe fimilarities, any further than they
pointed out to us, that there is, and always has been,
fome form of religion in every nation in the univerfe.
The apoftles undoubtedly drefl'ed according to the
falhlon of the country in which they happened to re-
fide, fo that there were no indecencies in the garments
worn by them ; which was too often the cafe ai^iong
the heathens ; and as for fubordination, it is to be
found among Mahometans as well as in the catholic
church, or among thofe pagans juft mentioned.

Such are the refleiftions whicli iJuhalde, and fume
other miflionaries draw from this fimilarity; but
Gruebar,another jefuit, gives a fcopetohis enthufiafm,
and carries it much farther. He fays, that their arch-
lama has the fame power among thefe heathens, as
the pope has over the Roman catholics. Secondly,

Both

:f^

iHm

6l2

TRAVELS THROUGH TARTARY, «cc.

Both ufe holy water in ill their aAs of devotion.
Thirdly, They both pray for the dead i and latiiy, their
drefi is the fame in which the apoftlei are rrprcfentcd

in antient paintings. Here the jefuit was much inif-
taken with refpeA to paintings; h)r, fufaras welcnow,
there are none in the world lb old as tlie apollolic

The fame Jefuit adds, that in all elTuntial points
the religion of thofe people has fuch a ftriking refcm-
blance tothatof the church of Rome, that he could not
help thinking the gofpcl had been once eftablilhed
amongft them. Thus (fays he) they have a feaft re-
iembliiig our facrifice of the mafs i they give ex-
treme undlion j blefs the people in marriage ; pray
for the dead i make proceOions in honour of their
faints i worlhip the relics of idols (he Ihould have
faid faints) I have monafteries and nunneries; fmg the
fervice like the catholic pricfts ; obfcrve divine fads
during the year ; undergo feveral penances, fuch as
whippings i fen J out milTtonaries, who live in ex-
treme poverty, and trnvel barclooted into China.
Thefe things, adds Gruebar, I was an eye-witnefs
of. We have already fcen that thefe jcfuits are con>
futed, in their ridiculous comparifons, by fonie of their
wifer and more fober brethren ; nor indeed are fuch
comparifons much to their honour ; for inftcad of its
proving that thefe heathens were once Chriflians, it
will rather ferve to point out th.'xt the Roman Catho-
lics have borrowed many rites and ceremonies from
the heathens, amongft whom there was in many re-
fpc£is a ftriking uniformity.

All the princes or kings in the different pro-
vinces of Tibet are more or lefs fubjrA to the em-
peror of China; at lead they are fo in name; for
although they fometimes pay him a fmall tribute, yet
they very frequently make his fubjeils pay double for
it ; it being their conllant practice to plunder the
Chinefe, as often as they can find an opportunity.
When the er-peror of China fends an ambaiTador to
Lafla, or any other of the provinces of 'I'ibet, the
country people are obliged to furniih him with horlcs
for himfelf and attendants at the end of every ftage ;
and conduA him to the next, till he arrives at the
capital. All forts of proviltons muft be furnillied him,
and he generally returns home as foon as he has re-
ceived the tribute. In the fame manner the rm|>eror
maintains the ambafladors from the princes of I'ibet
when they come to China, and he entertains them in
the moft fplendid manner in Pckine.

The king of Lafla is conftantly attended by a
guard of feven or eight thoufand men, armed with
bows and arrows ; but fome of them wear fwords and
bucklers. There are always fifty elephants kept about
the palace, and twenty-two camels, each having a
piece of ordnance on his back, that carries a half-
pound ball, and a gunner fits behind to manage it.
Noperfon is permitted to ftir out of the kingdom
with any fort of .*ire-arms, except by permiflton from
the king, or the governor of the province where he re-
iides. Thefe people aflitrted to the jefuits, that they
knew the ufe of fire- arns, and even heavy artillery,
above five hundred years ago ; which is long before
they were known in Europe. This tale, told by
the jcfuits, feems to be a grofs impofition on the public;
for it is generally acknowledged that the Chinefe, the
moft polite people in theenft, and beft acquainted with
the arts and fciencet, knew nothing .of gunpowder,
or the ufe of fire-arms, till thofe fathers taught them.
How far in doing fo they adled confiftent with their
duty as Europeans, muft be left to the reader to judge.
Had they not taught the Chinefe and other eaftern na-
tions the art of making gunpowder, and the ufe of
fire-arms, we might by this time have been much
better acquainted with them than we are.

There is no fovereign in the world more learned
and refpe£ted by his fubjefts than the king of Lafla,
or Butun,{being in a manner adored by them. When
he fits to give audience or do juftire, they all hold
their hands clofe together, above their foreheads ; and
before they approach the throne, they proftrate them-

felvet upon the ground, not during to lift up their
heads. In this humble pofture they make their re-
quefts known to him ; and when they retire, go hack-
wards, till they are out of his fight. When he ridtt
along the ftrects on an elephant, they fpread thi-ic
cloatns on the ground, and in that manner conduct
him wherever he goes.

Another body of people in this extenfive country
are called the Si-fan, or Tu-fan, a nation formerly
in gictt repute, having feveral kingdoms tributary to
them. Duhalde, and the other jcfuits, have given
ut the following accounts of them. In the 71I1 cen-
tury of the Chriftian aera, Ki-tfong, king of I'u-
fan, courted an alliance with Kay-tfong the re-
nowned Emperor of the Tans dynafty, and fent an
embafl'y to that prince ; which having been received
with great marks of diftinAion, he, by a fecond, de-
manded a princefs of the imperial blood for his ton
Long-tfong. The emperor s council looking upon
this as a very bold propofal, treated it with fomc marks
of dildain.

Soon after this, Long-tfong fucceeded to the throne
on the death of his father, and marched with an army
of two hundred ihoufand men to demand the princefs.
He defeated feveral princes fubje£l to the emperor uf
China who oppofed him, and penetrated to the borders
of Shcn-fi, »here the emperor kept his court.
From thence he lent a haughty meflagc, demanding
that the princefs might be immediately delivered to
him, with a certain quantity of gold, filver, and fine
rich filks, by way of portion. The emperor, oU
fended at fuch an infolent demand, amufed the mef-
fenger with hopes, till his troops were afl°emblcd on
the frontiers, and then difmifled him difgracefully,
without returning an anfwer to his mafter's fetter. At
the fame time the Chinefe army attacked that of Si-
fan, and routed it; however, as the lofs was not very
confiderable, Long-tfong rallied his troops, and be-
ing in a condition to give the emperor much uneafi-
nefs, the princefs, by the advice of her father's coun-
cil, was fent to the king of Si-fan, who, after the
marriage ceremonies were over, ltd home his army,
and afterwards became very ferviceable to China on
many occafions.

During many years after this memorable tranfac-
tion, the kings v( Si-fan, or Tu-fan, continued tu
live on good terms with the Chinele, and often al-
fifted them with forces when domcftic rebellions broke
out, or when they vere invaded by a foreign enenn .
One of thefe kings of Tu-fang, whofe name was
Itay, was remarkable for making many cxcelKnt
laWs for the good government of his fubjedts ; and he
fent for learned men from China, in order to improve
the minds and polilh the manners of his fubjccts.
He reigiu'd many years beloved by his fubjecls, <!-
teemed by his neighbours, and feared by his'enemics ,
but dying without ifltic, was fucceeded by his kinf-
man Vu-ma, a profcfied libertine, who gave himfelf
wholly up to his pleafures, without minding the af-
fairs of government. For fome time he lived in pence
with his neighbours ; but opprefll-d his fubjecls wjtl<
fo muih cruelty, that they left their native tuuniiy
in great numbers. In a word, his conJufl was the
firft caufe of the kingdom's falling to decay ; and al-
though he did not livelong, yetmifery increafcd with
his death. As he left nu iflue, nor had noniinatcil
any perfon to fucceed him, his queen, by the in-
triguer of hercounfellors, had the additfi. tu get ilis
fon of her favourite, a boy of three years old, de-
clared king.

On the firft report of this ciciflion, Rye-tuna, fiift
minifterof ftate, haftened to the palace, and oppoliJ
it in behalf of the royal family ; but his zeal coft
him his life, for he was murdered as he was returning
home. I'he condu£l of the court loft them the af-
fefiions of all the people ; and La-kong-je, w he
then commanded the army, refufed to obey the go-
vernors, and even formed the defign of making him-
lelf king. He was a man of boundlefs aniLition,
proud, full of felf-coiu:eit» extrcn«!y psiConate,

-M-

TRAVELS THROUGH TARTAR Y, &c.

6.3

,««lw*

and orteii cruel. But on the other h.iiiil, h^ was brave,
(kilful, aiiJ capiilileol the ).'ri.Mt(ll uiid.it.>kiM;,4, H
lirll e^ulcd a ripurl to be thread, that h " w.i> picp inii^
to rxtirp.'itu tlie ulurpcrs of the cmwii i .iiiJ liicn
marchctl dirc'tly ngiiiiilt llie army df the new kiiip,
which lie dc jnied , aii.i allcrwaidi plurKlciid tliciuwn
ofVVcy-Chew. Uy this nine his army, by the acLCllion
of malcontents, was above a hundred tli>>uf;iiul itroiig)
but his chii'f deii^n was, to bring the guveriiurs of the
provinces inlu his mcalurcs.

The chief of thefe governors was Shang-pl-pi, a
man of great experience in military atfairs, who hail
trained up his Ibldiers in the mollexadt manner. 'I'o
him Lu-king-ji: wrote a very flattering letter j but
Shang-pi-pi faw thiough the deceit, and lent him an
.infwcr which flattered his hopes. At the fame lime
he marched forward with his whole army, and came
upon the rebels fo unexpectedly, that he fuon routed
them, and put them to flight. Lu-kinr;-je was fo
much afraid of loling the remains of his army, that
he marched towards the borders of China, where he
was joined by vail fwarms of Tartars; and in order
to make them fubfervicnt to his purpofe, he gave them
leave to plunder fcvcral of the Chinelc provinces. At
firll he had lome fuccefs, but the Cliinefc coming up-
on him in great numbers, drove him out of the empire,
and took feveral of the frontier lowns of Tu-fan.

The rebel, who confidercd thcfc lofles as no more
th.in trifling, and fuch as mi^ht be talily retrieved if
cnce he could make hiinlcif mart r of th-; kingdom,
augmented his army with a vaft number of Tartars,
whom he allured wilh the hopes of plunder ; anil bent
all his thriughts on reducing Shang-pi-pi. With this
refijlutiim he began his march, and arriving near
Chen - Cheu, forced Shang-pi-pi to abandon his
camp, which he had fortified on the fird news of his
approach. Hercupan that officer crolTcd the river,
broke down the bridges, and did every thing he could
to impede the march of the rebel general, who fought
to bring him to an engagement, but could not.

The rebels committed great ravages nil over the
country, as far us they went ; but the violent over-
bearing temper of their general encreafed fo faft, in
proportiin to the fucceft he had obtained over his ciie-
my, that many of his forces forfook him, and joined
themlclvs to Shang-pi-pi ; and the Tartars, who had
been difappuintcd in their hopes of plunder, retired
home to their own country, laying every thing wafte
before them.

Lu-king-je hereupon, defpairing of compafling his
(leflgn, lubniitted to the Chinefe emperor upon certain
conditions, and repaired to Ko-Chew, a citvnf Chi-
na; where he lived ineafe the remainder of his life.

This happened about the middle of the ninth cen-
tury ; and the kingdom of Tufan being torn in
pieces by contending parties, each of the prince* of
the W'^-ydj as well as the thiols in the army, fet up
for fovcrcigns themfelves over the different provinces ;
fo that for many years the whole country was deluged
with blotxl.

In themidflofthereconfufions, and when the people
were weary of deftroying each other, Pan-co-clti,
prince of Lu-ku, and of the blood royal, flood up in
their diiencc, and took them under his proteflion.
As foon as they beheld a chief of the blood royal of
their aiitiimt kings, they quickly formed an army,
and attacked the king of Kya, who had treated them
moft ungratefully for the fervices they had done him.
Pan-co-chi offered to join himfelf to the Chinefe ar-
my, upon condition the emperor would honour him
With a title that might give him more authority
among thofe of his own nation. The propofal being
liked, the emperor fent him patents, by which he was
conftituted commander in chief, and captain general
of the kingdom of Tu-fan. The king of Kya, who
knew nothing of thefe private tranfaAions, after ma-
king fome ravages in the adjacent country, beficged
the city of Si-Iyansi and having taken it, put the go-
vernor to death. He thought to have pulhcd hit cun-
quefti further, believing that Pan-co-chi wai coming
Vol. II. No. 52.

to join him with hit troops; but that prince arriving
at the head of fixty thoufand men, attacked hmi with
lo much fury, that he totally defeated his whole army-
This viflory might have been attended with very be-
ni'Hcial confequences to the kingdom of Tu fan ; but
ihc brave Pan-co-chi received a mortal wound, of
which he died within a few days afterwards,

So-tl'o-lobent his whole thoughts towards recover-
ing! the dominions of his ancclfors ; and tor that pur-
pole tonncd a fmall court, and began to raife an armyt
with theic forces he invaded China feveral Jilfercnt
times, but was always beaten ; and at lall ubliued, for
his own fafcty, to conclude a peace on the belt terms
he could obtain. Im'jed, there were fuch numbers of
contending parties in his army, that he could not put
the le.i If confidence in any of them ; fo that this was
perhaps the bfft meafure he could take.

As th t,iowiiig power of the kinijot Kya continucii
daily to increal'e, and as he had afl'unieJ the title of
emperor of all the I'artars, So-tlo-loconfldered him-
ftlf in extreme dan;;er ; fo that he wa« obliged to feek
the aflilhnce of the Chinefe emperor. That monarch,
to keep him firm to his inierelt, made him goveriiui-
geneial of all the province of I'aw-fhun ; which w.is
the more convenient for him, ab it lay near to his
own dominions. But foon after this generous donr-
.tion made him by the emperor of China, So-tlolo
died, and his kingdom being divided among his chil-
dren, hadened the ruin of Tufan. I'h^it prinre had,
by his lift wife, tv\o children ; the one named Hy.i-
Cheu, the other Mo-Cheu-tfu. He had afterwards
by a fcconil wife, the prince Toii-Shcu. The mo-
tlier of this prince prevailed upon her hufband to im-
prilbn the reft of his children by his ti 't wife ; hut
they foon found means to cfe:ipc, and havinj; niadr
knoA'n their rank to the people, vaft numbers flocked
after them, as the heirs of their late fovcrcigii, who
had always treated his fubjei^ls in the moft tender,
fatherly, and compalTionate manner.

After many years fpent in bloody md cruel war',
ail thefe provinces pat thrmlclvcs under the protec-
tion of the Chinefe emperors ; and to them they h:(ve
paid a fmall tribute ever flnce. But, as father Dii-
halde obfervcs, the Chinefe are obliged to confidci
them rather as allies, than fubjedls or vaflals; and the
tribute thiy demand from them, is rather a matter nf
form to keep up the alliance, than any thing that
denotes either fovcreignty or fubjidtion.

The next place vilited by the ji i'uits was KarazM,
of which they have given lis ttic following account.
" When we vilited it, we founl the people had iKvct
before converfed with any of the Europeans ; nor do
they know who inhabited our part of the world, onlv
that they had heard there were lome perfons in China
who came from Europe; and that they were priells of
their religion. We explained tl.ole matters to thciii,
for their language was in moft refpcfts the fame with
that uled in the northern parts of China ; and they
treated us with every mark of r(fpe<St, afl'ability, and
tcndernefs, according to the manner of their country.

This kingdom is bordered, fo far as wc could make
any difcoveries, on the north, by the country of 2u-
kertan, and the dominions of the (jrcat Khan of
Tartary ; on the caft, by Bukharia ; and on the fouth,
by fome of the provinces of Pcrfia ; having fome parts
of the Cafpian fca to the weft. It is about four hun-
dred miles in length, and three hundred in breadth i
and in many parts of it are vaft fandy defarts, which
are in a manner unpaflable to any but thofe who tra-
vel in caravans, and who carry their proviflons along
with them. But in many of the provinces there is fome
land, which would .it any time afford a fufficient fublift-
ence for the people ; butthevarefo much addicted to
roving and wandering abroad, that they ncgle£l agri-
culture, choofing rather to live by plunder. They
have vaft numbers of grapes, of which they make ex-
cellent wines ( and they have true water melons, of a
deeper colour than any we have in Europe. Some
oftheir melons are pernAly white; but they are not
fo much eftcened as the others. The feed is black,
7 S (haptd

Jtiiiii

II •iMHi'liiiiiltt

i'^-j'^5fc4ii-.'f*"Wi'>-"fl^'^'

fj-i

014

TRAVELS THROUGH TARTAR Y, kc.

Ili.i|)t-J Ilk? that of the pompion, hut more round ind
tuiil'|i:irriit, and hai an cxcrcdinj; fine tulie. i'hcle
melons arc very tooling i aiul (he larccft quantity of
ihcm niav he tiitcn wilhiiiit danger. They will Icecp
fu lunp, that the Tartar* often carry them as far as
Allrai.in, where lliiy exchange thtm tor Inch things
us tluy want. In travelling over this country, we
I'dunil ih.it it (ined moll of its fertility to three rivirt,
ami a large r.vtcmlcd lake.

Thcfe rivers have their fource near the bottoms of
hir;h iiKiuntaiiK, hy which this kingdom is I'eparated
f'riiin the donuiiiuns of the Great Mo^ui. The Arft
ol tju'fu \s the (Jxus of the .lOlicnts, hut is now called
bv the iiaiivL's Anui. It crulll-s the fouthern part of
Cinat liiikhaii.i, front call to well ^ then winding
n.'iih-c.iti along ihi' borders of that country, enters
K irazni j and iioding it obliquely, forty leagues from
its mouth, It divides into two branches ; that on tlic
Icft, turning vrellward, (alN into the Cafpian Sea to-
wariN the province of Allarabad ; but the right-hand
branch, which palled heretofoie by the c ity of Ur-
jenz, and met the lia twelve Icaguis to the north of
the foimer, about one hundred years ago quitted its
mitient channel, fix leagues from the place where it
/eparaii-d from the other arm ; and changing its courfc
more to the north, tlirew itfelf into the river Khel'el,
on tlu- other fiilc of the little town of 'I'lik i to that
its antieiit channel before the city of Uijen/., is at
pnl'ent quite dry, which has grrally injured that
plate. This river abounds with all forts of the moft
excellent lifh ; and on its banks grow thofc melons
which are li> much clleemed all over the Indies, Pcr-
fia, and RulTia.

The next river is the Khefel, or Refil, as it is
called by the inhabitants. It rifcs in the mountains
to the northward of the province of Sogd, or Samar-
kniit, and running north -well between the Aniii and
the Sir, falls into the lake of Aral, about fixty miles
after it has been joined by one of the branches of the
Amu. The ground near both fide» of this river is
extremely fertile, and produces excellent grain, when-
ever it is cultivated ; but the inhabitants do not love
agii.ulture, moft of their time being fpent in plun-
dering thole who live in the next provinces adjoining
to them. Here, however, they find excellent pal-
ture for their horfcs ; for almoft all the men in this
country arc habituated to riding from their moli early
youth.

Here are no towns of iny note near the banks of
this river j and as for the villages, they ure in a man-
ner dcl'ertcil great part of the year.

The waters of this river are extrcnely encrcafed by
thejunflion of the Amii before mentioned, but of late
years the Tartars of Karazm have alfo turned the
courfc of the Khefel from the Cafpian Sea, into the
lake Aral, on the following occafion.

Peter the Great, emperor of Ruflia, being informed
that there was much gold on the coaft of the Cafpian
Spa, at the mouth of the river Sir, and judgmg that
a trade might be carried on between Allracan and the
to'jthern p.irts of Afia, ordered certain pcrfon?, fkilled
in maritime afli'airs, to accompany the ColTacks of
Jaik, in fevcral of their expeilitions along the coaft of
that lea, in order to find outthe mouth of the Daria,
the lame which the Tartars call the Sir. Thofc peo-
ple finding that no contiderablc river dilcharged itfelf
into the Caf|)'»n Sea between the Yem, or Ytinba,
and the Amu, except the Khefel, concluded this muft
b" the river they looked for ; efpccially as the Coflacks
allured them it was called Daria, not knowing that
IJaria isonlyan appellative, fignifying any river in
general among thj people who inhabit near the banks
fif the Cafpian Sen, anil who arc generally known in
Rulha bv the name of Uzbek Tartars.

However, having founded the entrance of the Khe
fcl, and obferved fcveral marks whereby to know it
aa lin, they returned, and made their report to the cm-
pror. Peter was fo well plealed with what he had
he.ircl, that in 1719 he fent one Brigadier Beckwitz,
by the way of Allracan, with two thuutanU five liun-
2

drcd men, to take poftlflion of the mouth of this ri'
v<r. He pitilicd upon this officer, becaufe he was n
CircaOian, and underlUxid the Tartarian language,
which is but little known to many of the Rullians.
The Tartars groAingjealuus to fee him comeleveial
times that way, tumid the llieam of the channel by
three dift'errnt ways ; tlic grounds being low, anil
anil the earth rafy to be rut, Tbifc branches were
conducted northward into, the lake Aral, and thru
they ftoppcd the tntianceof lire river ) I6 that whtit
Beckwitz arrived with hii yell'rls, he found the mvuth
of the river quite dry.

However, in obedience to his inftiiiAioni, he landed
his men, ajtd began 10 build forts, aa well as the
ground, which he found exceeding dry, would permit.
But before he was well able to make any refiftancr,
the U/.beck Tartars rnifed a great army, and came
upon him while he had no thoughts of meeting witit
them.

llei kwitz defended himfelf with fo much bravery,
that the khan, \shA commanded the 'Tartars in perfmi,
defpairing to conquer him by force, got one of his
officers to inform him that he was fecretly in his heatt
a real well-wifher to theRulHani, and that he defireJ
nothing more than to fee them fettled in the neigh-
bourhood ; hut that he was obliged to onpofe them to
plcafe the princes his neighbours and relations ; that
it was determined to renew the engagement the next
day, and in cafe they had no better fucceiii than l>e-
lore, he would ci.deavour to bring about an accom-
moilation.

Beckwitz, gave the eafier credit to the khan, becaufe
he had fent an envoy to the court of RulFia, with
a proteftation of his fincerity. In the meantime the
Tartars prepared for renewing the engagement, and
when the morning came, many of them, contrary
to their ufual cuftom, jumped off from their horlcs,
but were again repullcd with lots. Upon this,
the khan fent two of his officers, demanding to know
what bufincfs the Ruffians had to land men in
his territories, and what it was that they wanted ?
Beckwirz returned for anfwer, that the fluices made
Ml the river fliould be Hopped up, and the mouth of
it opened again, that the current might refumc its
former coutfe. ThC' Tartars rcmonltrating tl at it
was not in their power to dam up the channels, be-
caul'u the water ran into thcin with fueh rapidity,
Beckwitz propofed that they fhould deliver up to him
a certain number of hoftage^ and he would go and
do it with his own troops. As that was juft what the
I'artars wanted, they readily agreed to his demands ;
and the Ruffian commander having left fomc men to
uuard the forts, fet forward with the reft : but the
hofta.;cs whoferved him for guides, ltd him into dc-
farts, where there were only lome holes of Handing
water, not fufficient for his troops ; fo that after five
days inarch, they found themfelves in danger of pe-
rilning. In this diftrefs their guides propoled 10 di-
vide them into I'everal finall parties, and lead them
by different ways i and Beckwitz. was obliged to com.
ply, although he law the ilanger that would attciul
i'uch a meafure. In Ihort, the Ruffians '.i.iung thus
imprudently feparated themlelves into parties, the
Tartars furrounded them one after another, and hav-
ing killed their leader, with the greatcft part of ihtir
men, led the reft away into flavery. Thole- who had
been left to take care of the forts, embarked un board
their vcll'els, and, as good fortune would have it, got
Cafe to Aftracan.

'The Lake of Aral, that is, the Lake of K;5glt», fe-
parates the province of Aral, to which it ijaes ji.<me,
from the eaftern provinces of Karazm. It is one "r
the moft cxtenfivc lakes in the northern parts of Afn,
being in compal's above eight hundred miles. Its wai-
ters arc exceeding I'alt, but contain great quantities u!''
(he fame forts of filh that are found in the C.ifpi.ia
Tea, with which it does not fcem to have any ecn-
nexion or communication ; nor does it cverflotv its
banks, although it receives the waters of fcvnr,il ri-
vers into it. The Tartars, who inhabit tht northern

banks

i-jliiiil'i&iS

TRAVELS THROUGH TARTAR Y, &c.

«IJ

banki of tliit Ukt, take great uuantitict of the water,
which they lay on the hnti% to dry, and the fun tiirni
it into A nne chrvOalline fait, which they fell to the
people of the neignbouring provinces.

We had fcveraT guide! to conduct us to Urjrnr.,
the capit.il of the kin|;dom, fituatcd in a great plain
to the north of the River Amii. It was formerly a
place of confiJerablc ftrength, but fince the Tartars
iKcamc poU'eircd of it, and the northern branch of the
Ainii, which ran by it, hu taken another couilc, it
has fallen into decay i fo that at prefcnt it is a poor
contcmotibic place, with mean houl'es, and about
three miles in circumference. lis walls are of burnt
bricks, very narrow, and the ditch around it is nearly
filled up. The country round tliis city is fertile, but
the want of cultivation gives it the appearance of a
(Icfart. Wc convcrfcd with fome of the people, but
found them extremely ignorant, having no notion of
any thing th.'\t bears the name of religion, unlcfs it
be the worlhipping of idols they cull So. It is true,
they have their temples, which aie little better than
milerable hutsj and their idoU are fo numerous, that
there is hardly any fuch thing as giving an account of
them. Every family has its god, but tliey have fo
little rcgird for them, and fuch unworthy notions ';.''
all that Dclongs to the fupremc being, that we often
wondered how human nature could be ever funk fo
low. Whenever they imagine that their gods refufe
to hear thi Ir prayers ; or, in other words, when they
do not obtain what they folicit for, then the image
is dragged into the ftrects, and broken into a thoufand
pieces. Nothing is more common among them, than
to hear them difputing concerning the power of their
different i^od* { jud in the fame manner as we fre-
quently difpute concerning religious points in divi-
nity ; and as we frequently make converts to the
Catholic faith, fo thefe Pagans prevail upon their
neighbours to change their gods.

When they are Teized with any fort of ficknefs,
even with the moft violent fevers, they ufe but one
remi'dy, and that is, horfes blood mixed with milk,
which the patient drinks. If he rcfufes to drink it,
he is tonfidercd as pall recovery ; but if he drinlcs it
off, then he is fuppofed to be in a (late of recovery ;
which, according to their notions, frequently hap-
pens.

I'he care of the flck is for the moft part left to the
women, who refide at home ) for when the men arc
rovine abroad in fearch of plunder, and any of them
is at that time taken fick, it frequently happens that
they are left to perifli. 1'heir military ofHcers exer-
cife an unlimittcd authority over the Ibldiers, or
rather over the men, for all thofe who are able to
manage a horfe are conlidered as foldiert. They
make little account of loflng two or three hundred
men on an expedition ; and when they return home,
the relations, whoarefo accuftomed to thefe things,
fcldom make enquiry concerning them. This may
ferve to (hew t><--t there is a great difference between
the manners and cuftoms of thofe who live in a ftate
df nature, and fuch as are governed by the rules of
human focicty." So far the learned jefui's, with
refpefl to the manners and cuftoms of thefe peopk ;
we fliall now go on with fome farther extradls from
their writings.

The jefuits have not been fo accurate as could have
been wifhed in their account of the antiquities of this
country ; which is the more to be wondered at, bc-
caufc they were men acquainted with all forts of
learning. Wc fliall therefore endeavour to make up
that difference, by pointing out what this country
was in antient times, and now it became reduced to
its prefent ftate. This will appear the more ncccfljry
when we conAder, that there is no forming any no-
tions of them without being well acquainted with
what they were originally.

Herodotus, who lived lone before the moft flourifh -
ing period of the Roman empire, fays. That in his time
it was fubjeft to Perfia ; which is not at all to be won-
dera'at, Mcaufe Perfu was then in fuch a ftate of graii-

dcur,that(hewatconriilcred«sthemiflrersofiheenftcrn
world. This was lung after the death bf Cyrus } and
Dsiim placed a governor in it, who ■'>p'' as » lieu-
tenant ur deputy under hi felf. Probably, when
Alexander the Great fuhdued the Pcrfian eni) 're, ihit
provmcf, among the reft, fubmltttd to ih' conc|tieror ;
but ih" idnfufiun tihat took plate afterwaruii, lian
left u& iitirrly in the dark. Indeed we meet with nti
farthci notiie of it, till tlie Aiahi toi'k pnlKinnn of
it tuward< (he latter end <>t the fetenth (rniiirv, •md
placed a governor in ir, as 'hey did in all ih. luigli-
boiiring provintes. The Aiabiaii caliphs kipl pof-
ftiriun of it upwards of two hundred years ; but their
power falling to drray, the mhabitanti of Kara/ni
were the firft who liood up in defence of their amicnt
rijghts and privileges, llui ftill there were not many
king! in thi« country for feveral years after j f.ir every
pretender having fet up for himfelf, the ftate was
involved in civil broils and dillcntions, nni did any
of the inhabitant! know who was the rigliiful fu-
vcreign. At length it fell under the dominion of
Sultan Mahomed Uazni, King of KhoraUn, whd
took poflefTion of it in the year 1016, and made it a
province of his empire. In this manner the kingdom
of Karazm continued till the year 1092, when the
governor Kothb-addin, taking advantage of the broils
that enfued, in confequcnce of the death of Mahomed
Gazni, aflumed the power of fovereignty, and got
himfelf declared king, contrary to the opinion or
conlent of the antient nobility, iiut that title was
belter eftabliftied by his fon and fuccefTor, Mahomed
furnamcd Atflz, though not without great oppofition
from Sultan Sanyur, a neighbouring prince, who
often reduced him to a ftate of dependency. But
Takafh, the Emperor of China, having efpo'ufed the
caufe of the King of Karazm, his fovereignty was
firmly eftabliftied by the fall of that of the Turks,
whofe power he put an end to in Perfla, in the year
1196, and added their dominions to his own. His fan
Kothb-addin Mahomed extended the empire yet
farther, by the empire of all Perfia, and was the
greateli prince in Afia, at the time when Jenghiz-
khan invaded and took podeinon of his dominions,
in 1218. In the mean time Karazm continued to be
governed by its own princes for many years after-
wards, but was in fome meaiure fubjc£l to the Chinefe
at one time, and to the Pcrfians at other times, till
1510, when the Perfians again fubdued it, and placed
a governor in it. In that condition, howevi:r, it did
not remain long ; for within two years afterwards,
the inhabitants, being tired of /lavery, revolted againfl
the governor, and having fcnt for Ilbars Sultan, they
proclaimed him king of the country, 1512) and his
fuccellbrs are in pofleflion of it to this day. At pre-
fent, nor for fome years back, have we learned much
concerning the internal ftate of this country ; only
that about the year 1720 there was a rcbellioii here,
which terminated in the defeat of the rebels, and all
the ringleaders were put to death. Three years
afterwards, as appears from the teftimony of Nacchi
the jefuit, the prince of the country appointed a
Mahometan governor j for that jefuit faw this governor
near Aleppo, in his journey to Mecca in Arabia,
where Mahomet lies buried. It is probably owing to
this circumftance, that, according to the beft informal
tion we have been able to procure, there are now
many Mahometans in the country. It appears
farther, from the jefuit's converfation with the go-
vernor, that the prince of the country had rebcfled
againft the king his father, and caufed his eyes to
be put out, that he might have no farther hopes of
enjoying the royal dignity} we learn farther, that
foon after that horrid aft of barbarity, the fon vias
murdered, as a juft reward for his unnatural cruelty
to his father.

Bukaria, Bukharia, or I'okaria, by all which
names it has been known in diTcrent ages, contains
that vaft trail of ground ' vhich lies between
Karazm and the great fandy lefart bordering on
China. Its name is derived fron. a word ufed by the

Mongul

■5|

(lift

TRAVELS T II k f) U (7 II r A R r A K Y, kc.

Mcin[',ul Tartar*, which (ignifu-* a Irarnril ninii ) hr-
cmrt' in ruriiirr iimctlhcrc were in ihi» rnuiitry iivc-
ml iLhuuN l«r ihc itlucaiinn nl' ytiuili in llii lilMr.il
mis antl UiriiccK. Uut Mhalcvcr Icarmng wit« cul-
tivjtcil in tlul pljce in fiirnui (inic!<, ciri.iln it i<,
llicrt- i» bul liltlf (II Ik (oiiiid thirc ai indent. The
riMlon is <ibvioii«t (hv prclcnt royul family (it China,
Ijiruiig originally from (he Mun^iil 'I arur*, aiiJ
jirnli.ilily tlie f\itt cii)|ifri'r» of that race, lonk all
ihc Icjiiicil nun ailing with ihi'iii tn 1'. kiiii;. This
i> no nuire than what ba« been tloni- ii\ many dirtVi-
ent luntriet ; for coni|urri)r(, who iiinnil torefKlc
in the (tUcei thry have con(|urrr(l, fnun forget thole
r>f llicir natitlly ( and, in order tu maliu them-
liivrs the more agreeable to their new fiibjiits, they
|:rncrally bring alone; with them every thing (hat ik
valuable.} and what ii mnie valuable towards promot-
ing; the intcrcll of a Date, than learned men i

Dnh.ilde, and the other jcfuits who vifitrd thl( ex-
tcnfive i.ountry, have given us the following defcrip-
tioiiofit. " It is boiiiiited on the north by the river
Sir, which feparatn it from the dominion! -if thr
Lliiihsi on the ea(t, by the kingdoms of Kafligar i
on the fouth, by Ihedomininns of the Great Muuul (
and on the wed by the kingdom of Karacm. It in
In length about feven hundred milei from cad to weft,
and fix hundred in breadth from fouth to north. Con-
fidcriiig the fituation of this country, lying far to-
wards the north, no place can be more agreeable.
The mountaiiii abound with the richcft mines ^ tlie
valleys are of an aftonilhing fertility, in all forts of
fruits and luibs i*thc fields arc covered with grafs the
height of a iivii ; the rivers fwann with the moft cx-
celUnt filh ) and wood, which is fu fcarce all ovetr
(ircat Tartary, is found here in great plenty in many
clift'crcnt pans. In a wurd, it is the bcft cultivated
country in all the northern parts of Afia i but all thefe
blLinnes arc of little lervicc to the inhabitants, who are
ii.ituraTly fo lazy, that they would rather fteal,or rob,
and kill their neighbours, than apply theirifelves to
improve the benefits which nature fu liberally affords
them.

After a journey of three weeks (fayt Duhalde) we
arrived at the capital city of this extenfive kingdom,
which is called Bokara i fo that it either gives name
to the place, or receives its name from it. It is fitu-
ated in a moll delightful plain, and furrounded by a
wall made of earth. It is of great extent, and divided
into three parts, of which thecallle is one, where the
Khan, or king of the country refides ; fur by the
calUe we mean all thofe neccflary buildings adjoining
to it, as well as the fort itfelf. I'be fecond iJivifion
uf the city is taken up with the apartments allotted
•for the military, from the commander in chief down
to the common foldiers i for in this country all mili-
tary men are alike honour.-tblr, thouah all are not
equally rich. The third divifiun, whicli Is the largeft,
is iKiflefled by the merchants and tradefmcn, with all
the common inhabitants in general. In this laft di-
villon, every trade or profcflion has its particular quar-
ter, and the huufes for the mod part are of earth ; but
the temples, and all the puljlic drudlurcs, are of done;
fumptuoufly built, and curioufly gilt, efpecially the
baths, which are I'o (kilfully contrived, that none like
them are to be found in the world.

There is a mod beautiful fmall river, which divides
the city into two etjual parts, but the .water is of fuch
a noxious quality, that the perfon who drinks of it,
while he is in a fweat, is in daiigerof having worms
bred ill the flefhy parts of his legs, which frequently
turn to a inortilicstion. They have art art of extradt-
ing thcfe worms, by pulling them oot gently i but if
they break in the operation, it generally proves fatal
to the patient. The method prefcribed when thefe
'worm^ make theirappcarancc, is to give the patient wa-
ter mixed with mare's milk i and thoii: who neglect to do
Co, are whipped through the market place. I'liere are
oiEcer* appointed to fearch all houfes for fpirituous
liquors ; and in c.ifc they find any, to break the vef-
fcl). Nay, it frequently happens, that if a perfon in-

forms aj'niiid ;uii'tlirr for driiiliing ttrnng liijiii>r<, ll,.-
perfon atiuled is tied to .1 1 1 || anJ »hi|i|'cJ. Tin-
li verily of ihis l,iw it owiin; to ui\ aiitunt uii!ir
made by limii 1)1 llieir prieds in forimr .>;;<<, in order
111 prevent dniiikeniu Is , wliuh cann-t he i<( any
gre.it lerviee, iiir niiuh r(;;.iid be p;.id to ir, li.r ,ii|
th'ife who live lit loM louiit.ies will ii.iliiMlly wilh
for hot li((uor*,

The power of th( kiiijj is much n llricled ; and his
ri'MMiiis .iielo linall, ihit be itdblmul lodcpeiij for .t
rubliltence fium thecit;. lb lakes ih' tenth part of
the \aluc of everv tbinij loM, to the pri.it injury of
the people ( ami when hi- wants money (o Inppoit hu
exlrav.igjiicies, he finds his ofTicrrs to fci?.o thegowls
of the lltnj>-ke(peis. 'I'hii*, lhoUi;h Ir i puwvr b-
Imall over futh of his luhjeols as refidc in the coun-
try parts, yet he exernfis a tyrannical eru 'liv 0( I'l-
thole In his capital city. While we wcie liere, llio
prince often fcnt lor us, and aflccd ns many (|uclliuiis
concerning the laws, relii;i(>n, and jiower of the
Kuropean nations, and he litlrncd tu the aceount wc
gave him with great attention i and notwiilidandini;
the defpotilm ht ixercifrd a» iilready mentioned, yet
we faw feveral iiidanccs of bis jullice to draii'^erv.
A caravan hapi'eiilni' to lome from Perfia Into hit
doniinions, it was robbed, and fome of the people
murdered. Complaint being made to the king, he
Cent an hundred armed men in purfuit of the robbers,
fome of whom were taken and hanged, and the good*
redored to the owners.

The country of Bukhwia was formerly fubjeft to
the Perfians, and the Pcrfian language fpnken there j
biit at prefent the Bukharians arc continually at war
■with their neighbours on account of religion, thougit
both are Mahometans. They quarrel with the
Perfians, becaufe they will not cut ofT the hair from
their upper lips, as they and all other Tartari. I'o.
To funer the hair to grow on the upper lip is by
them reckoned a great hn, and therefore they call
the Perfians, Kafvs, which fignilics unbelievers j
and this is the name they give to the Chridi<ins.
Almod everv year the king goes out to war ; and it
frequently nappcns that, m his abfeiice^ his domi-
nions arc invaded from another quarter than that to
which he has marched,

'I'liey have no gold coin in this country, and but
one piece of fijver, about the value of an Knglilh
(hilling. Their copper money is in very fmall pieces,
for one hundred and twenty goes to make' up ilur
filver one, wliich is not fiKomnumly ufed in paymenr
as the copper, the king often fctting wh.it price he
pleafes upon it.

The trade here was once very confidcrablc, for ca-
ravans ufed to arrive once every year wilh goods from
Ruflta, Perfia, and India ^ but at prelent it is (n
fallen on account of the poverty of the people, that not
above one caravan arrives in the fpace of three years.
The chief articles fold by the inhabitants to thefe
merchants are, raw filks, raw hides, (laves, horles,
and fuch like; and In return, they take calico and un-
wrought filk. Formerly caravans came from China,
which the Bukharians call Kathay, when the way
was open. This journey took up nine months i anil
the merchants brought along with them niulk, rhu-
barb, fattin, damafk, and other goods ) but that coni-
merce has been dcftroyed In confcquencc of the bloody
wars carried on by the I'artarian nations.

The city is conveniently fituated lur trade ; anJ
formerly the duties on goods did not exceed three per
cent, but at prefent the merchants are fo much op-
prefled, and fo loaded with taxes, that tew have any
encouragement to vifit that place ; however, it is from
hence that the dominions of the Great Mongu), and
part of Perfia, arc fuj^livd with dried fruits of all
forts, which have a modexquifite flavour.

Befldes the capital city Bokhara, wc vifited feveral
others ) but in number of inhabitants, and extent of
buildings, they arr much inferior. Kafmina, one of
thefe cities, is fituated in the province of that name,
toward* the frontiers of Katazm ; but although

formerly

f R A V E r, r, T <f R o t; c n t a r t a r y, &c.

617

formally 1 |»|jce o( nolc, )Tf it ;> ii. v A vrry incon-
fiJcralilc luMTii. About crn i>r Itvilvu miles m ihr writ
of tills, lict WiiriUiiri, litii It'll lU'nr the xiriiiiuy
of K.ir.iiiii, ind 14 1 pretty neat i.'ivn, rurroiiiultd by
(ileadnl lieliln ind bc4utiiiil ^ 11.U111. The inli.ihi-
Unii Hiivo t coiilideriblr ti.ijt with th« K'rliano,
but not III exteiifivc <i th.it luvc been cirtitd on
in th.it |>irt of the world.

Kiillil, another city >n thli liMir;iloni, l« fitiutcd
on the north liile ol' the 1 ivvr Aiini, aii.l i^, n'Xt in the
capltiil, tlic bell city in the kin|vl"i" 1 bring Urge,
liopulout, ami well bnill. The ii.i/liboiirlnk; landi
lire exceeiliiwly U'ttilc in .ill l'urt> <it ,;i.iin .ind liiiiin )
and ttiu iiiluDiuntt carry 011 .1 riiiili<lt'ralilu liadc t'>
the iiortluiii parti ol the Inuun. li wan In th^:
beautilul plaiiii adjoiniii'.', to tliit city il'it the ^reat
Taincrlaiie iiUi:n encjni]H'd hit army, when he
marched (ound Iroin thr Indu-t. A litik to thi- mirili
ol thi» city i:ta linall iaiii i aii.l the nm Aim lic-
llii{ fordabic lien-, it 11 gin'-taily criiucli.d wiih pinpli,
wlio |>afn ihrou.i;li it in their way In Pcrlia ; but other
%virc it h.ith nothing reniarkable.

What wc have jull now «xtratbd from the jcfiiits,
rdatej chiefly to the ancient or I'ropir liukharia, for
there arc many other province!* wliiih they vililid ;iil.
joining to it, tint arc often callid by the lame name.
All tlule provinces were vilittd by tin- ji liiits, as well
as by fevcral iMirnpcan nieKhaiit>, wim e.irricil ;>n(i<ls
in cjiavans all the wayacrols Alia, troiii AIe|>|io, int.i
'J'artary.

The (irft of tbefe provlncei we (hnll mention, i<
Samarkant, beiii;! about live hundred miles lonj;, and
the fame luiinbei in breadth. It was tiirinirly lull ol
fliiuiilhiii-; lo'A IIS and tiliis, but null of tlum now
nre eitiuf loMJly ruined, or iiiu.h decayed. " We
entered ji,(l,iythc jeluils) liuin tli'' c.ill (j| liiikha-
ria I'lopir, and travelled over a nmlf d.li'liifiil tdun-
try ahmil ten diy*, when we an ived at tl.c city of
Samarkant, wliicli }',ives iiaiue to tin: province. It is
ntiMtcd III a v.ille) , on the banks of u riier called
S(i;^d, and kiiuivn to the aiRiiiits by llr; n^me ol
Soi'diaii. It Is a larjjc, well built, populous town,
and foriilied H lib Itrong bulwarks ol earth. I'here
bein^ leveral quarries of liee-dune 11" ir iliecity, fume
of the luiulcs are built of iKm.-, p.iilM iil.nly the caf-
tlc for the icfidcnd of the klian, uliicb is the moll
fpaclous edifice in the prcvinie. I'.it as thi< province
has at prcfent no particular khan, lo the callle is much
ncglciitcd i for when tlic khan of (treat I'ukbaii.i
conies to viCit this place, he encamps on the meadows
adjoining to the city.

Hut the molf reiiiaikiblc ciiriofity in this city is an
academy, where all the lever il arts and Iciences known
in that part of tlie world are tau';bt ; and lieie an
a great number of youn;^ men of the M.ibametan
religion, who vifit ibis place tioin all the neiuhbuuring
countries to purine their iliidies. They ba\c apart-
ments allotted them, and pkafant gaidens to 'k
in 1 but they would not permit us to bear their rv 1 .
cifes; fo that all wecould learn was, that they .".i.
fome parts of alhonomy, geography, liilbny, and have
moral lelluns dellvcrcU them on felect pall'ages In the
Alcoran.

Near the city runs a fmall river, which 1"'': into the
Anui, and might he id' gicat utility t- iht place in
opening a communication betwcei tb 1. ; aSiitants and
the neiglibouring kingdoms, bad the 101 mei butfulficient
indulfry or knowledge to make It navigable; but that
tr.iJc may flourilh, there would require another fort of
a mailer than a Maho.netan Tartar. They make lure
the mod beautiful lilk paper that is to be found In all
Alia, which occalions it to be h'UI in fuch repute
throughout the caft, that they have a coiifidcrable ile-
mand for it.

The country produces apple', pears, raifins, and
melons, of a moll excellent talle, and in fuch plenty,
that vaft quantities of them are lent to Perfia, and
throughout leveral parts of the Mon;^ul empire. The
women have almoft the fame libcrtv as in Kurope,
Vol., II. No. 5j.

aiid fomr of them are far from being difajjrcfiblr, but
rhi y never conveiftf with llrangrr).

Otiar, the next city ol any note in this province,
IS liliiatcd near the northern cxiieniity ol ih.r loiin-
Iry, and is, like Samark.oii, I iiilt in a dilightlul
plain, having a Im.ill liver running thrjo;;li It. Ihu
houles arc low ami meanly built |. but there aie- a coii-
liderable nuiTiber ol inhabitants, it Is fecund by 4
Kron;^ eait'irn wall, but liltic care is taken of it, ex-
cept when hi y are «lraid of the approach ol an eniin}'.
It Wat heie that the f;re it Tainei lane died, in 14O],
who was one of the moil cxtraordinarvperloiu wb iiio-t
with in hilloiy. He was 1. 1'l an orphan in his ln>
f.'n.y, and bi' night upanv.nn llnpheriUon the moun-
tain* i but heiiii' of an ent. ipril' ig dil|ioliilnri, cool,
I'.dii'r, andartlul, he icIoUeiJ to iiiipnne thole talents
111 ri'lloitng peaie to his country, tluiituin by intrl-
tini- divilions, and hair.ill'ed by foreli^n invalioni.
Ill this uiidertaklin; he was much cnciuiraged in con-
l.tjiieiueol bis having learnt, 01 at lealt made to
hilhvc, that he w.isof iiie liLnd mval of I'artary.
Whatever truth might li.ive been in that, cannot now
be known, nor is it at all neci ll'.iry t lor whether or
not h.' w.is deieende.l of kiiijs, ihi'i much i< certain,
thit powerlul emperor^ have d Id mini li.imhim,

H.ii IP;; eollitli d toi^ci r a hand of (lieplnrdi, cn-
itrd to hardlhip'. he tr.iired thtin up to the ultf of
■ms, a'ul attack. d a ! ' d of t'dibcrs who infellej
' 'le prin ..lec wlieie he rili.ud i and this give fo much
I tl>f.u'li' ■> to the eople, that many of them joined
f im i an, I 111 one year he was fo luccehful, ihatipcace
was nllo I to |i I'reatell part ol Tarijiv. Ihl»
I'avc Tain.'ilanc a:i opportunity of aciiuiring a name ;
ai. the people, ■ho were a' 'bat tin. midci' the gc-

veinment of l-veral petty ees, mr.rle him juiige

in all till ir controverfies. '"'us was jull what he
wi(h-'<l for ( bec.'ufe h '--, i\ that nothing tended fo
irii'h towards tllablillii ,^ ,ower as that ol deciding
111 didkult cafes, where tlie piiple caiiii..' i;'rce among
thcmfiivcs.

The T rkiini. ns, fincc called i u^iis and Otto-
mans, in I! mory , ' Uthman, one of their Icad.^s,
were at hat lime beginning to be extremely powei -
fill ; and intending to pulh their conqueils into '...'
foiith-uell provinces of Alii,thiv found, that unleli
I hey could bi iiiT the Tart.irs tu be Ionic way or othor
dependi-nt on thi 01, It would be dangerous for them
to have their dominlcns expoled to the Inroads of
inch iiiveteritr nurcilefs rnemief. Accordingly they
iiiv.vil.d T. ■<■•/; aiul as the inhabitants were too
li.oi;;bty to li.ibmit, they ch.ile Tamerlane to be their
coniinaiidrr in cliiel. From this time the admired
talents of this heroic leader began to lliine forth in
all their meridian glory j and the greater the danwrs
he bad tooppofe, the lefs he leemed to be aflcited.
He drove the Turks out of Tarlary, and Inving pur-
lued them Into the moll fertile provinces in Afia, took
prifoner li ijazet their leader, confined him in an iron
ca;'e,ai\d Itood upon it when he mounted on horlcback.

Having forced the Tuiks to luc for peace, h«
granted it to them, upon enndition that they fliouM
not invade 'I'artary, and, at the fame time, though
he was a heathen himfclf, yet he obliged the Turks
to promiii:, under the fevereft penalties, not to in-
vade the territories of the Greek emperors. Havini^
thus far humbled his enemies, aivl given peace to all
thofc provinces in Tartary that acknowledgej hii
fovereign authority, he obliged the more ictiaftory
to fubmit ; and, haying thus united them, he fet
himfclf about making ufeful laws for their better go.
vcrnment, both in peace and in war. Inllead of fuf-
ferlngthem to rove abroad In fmall parties, he had
them regularly trained up to military difcipline, and
incorporated into battalions and Iquadrons.

He was unanim>iufly tltCled khan, or emperor of
Tartary ; and no fooner bad he received that title,
than he refolved to fhew himfclf worthy of it. He
railed an army of near a million of men, mod of
whom were horfemen ; and marched into the Indies,
where he I'ubdued the Inhabitants, and laid the fuunda*
7 T tion

kit

TRAVELS THROUGH TARTAR Y, &c.

tion of the Mogul empire, which is inherited by his
defcendants to this day. All his Ibldiers wc^e loaded
with fpoili i but fo ftriiSt was he in preferviiig go4Kl
order, that without pcrmiflion from him, not one
dared to meddle with the mod infignificant article.
This feverity> of difcipline has made Come authors
accufehim of cruelty ; but it fliould be confidcred,' that
he had a barbarous people to govern, upon whom
ordinary punifhments would have had but little clfedt.
One day a farmer complained to him, that one of his
officers had robbed him of fome fowls, and the delin-
quent being broaght before Mm, he ordered him to
be fpitted, and ronttid to death before a flow fire.
This may appear fhocking to us; but let us only
confiderwhat kind of fubjeds Tamerlane had to deal
with, and what objcfts he had in view.

His fubJe<Sls were barbarians, till, by the fcverity of
military difcipline, he brought them into a ftate uf
fubjeflion, and made them ht to be members of fo-
Ciety. This was partly what he had in view ; but
flill he afpired to higher things. He had already
eftabliflied an empire in the Indies, driven the Turks
within the bounds of their own provinces, and greatly
civilized the manners of his own people. His next
fcheme was, to make the fucceflion to the Mogul em-
pire hereditary in liis own family, and accordingly
gave it to one of his fons : Tartary he gave to
another, namely the eldeft; and as many of ha, fub-
jc£ls had embraced the religion of iClahomet, he
humoured them fo f.^r as to do the fame. Judging
his end approaching, he fent for his deputy governors
of the provinces, and caufcd th:m to promlfc to do
every thing in their power to fupport his family on the
throne ; and to engajic them in thi<, he m.ide their
offices hereditary. Having thus difpol'tJ of every
thing in a proper manner, he died at Otrar, in 1405,
well advanced in years, beloved by his fubjciSls, and
feared by I'is enemies. There are at prclenc thn-e
tmpcrors in Alia dcfccndcd from this illuftrious licro ;
namely, the Khan of Great Tartary, the CJreat
Mogul, and the Emperor of China.

We thought it the more ncceflary to take notice of
Tamerlane in this fliort digrcffion, becaufe though
we find him often mentioned, yet does it not appear
that many peifons are acquainted either with his
country, the age in which he lived, or his real
chara£ler.

" Having feen every thing worthy of notice at
this place, (fays.Duhalde) we entered the province
of Balk, fituated on the fouth of Samarkant, and is
in length about three hundred and fixty miles, and
in breadth two hundred and forty. It is one of the
moft fertile provinces in Bukharia, which is the
general name of this part of Tartary. The prince,
who is fubjedt in fome mcafure to the khan of
Tartary, enjoys a confulerable revenue; for there is
much filk in his dominions, of which the people
make the moft beautiful patterns. They carry on an
extenfive trade with the Indians and Perfians, which
contributes much towards civilizing their manners ;
but in all other refpcils, they are like the reft of the
Tartars.

The city of Balk, which gives name to the
province, is filuate about fifty miles from the borders
of Perfia, on the River Debafk, which, about fort^
miles to the wcftward, falls into the River Ainu.
It is at prefent the moft confiderable town inhabited
by the Mahometan Tartars, being large, fair, and
well peopled. Moft of the buildings are of ftone or
brick} and its fortifications confift of bulwarks of
earth, fenced without by a ftrong wall, high enough
to cover thofe employed in its defence.

The khan's c.iftle is a great building, after the
caftern fafhion, being almott wholly of marble, dug
out of the neighbouring mountains, where there are
many fine quarries of it.

All foreigners having free liberty to trade in this
city, it is now become a place of great merchan-
dize, and like a middle ftage between Bukharia and
the Indies. The fine River Dcbaflc, already mcnti-
2

oned, contributes greatly towards promoting the
trade of the place; and only two per cent, duly is
paid on goods cither exported or imported ; but p.ii-
fengcrs pay nothing.

We travelled through fevcrrti vallics at the foot of
lofty mountains to the fouth of Ualk, till wr nrnytii
at the town of Andcrab, fiiu.itcd near wheie the
Mogul empire is divided from I'lifia Jiid Bukh::ii.i.
This place we found cr iiided wiih iiavellers; for all
the goods brought from Bukhaf'-i to lie fent to thi
Indies, are carried through the road adjuiiiin/; to
Andifiab, there being no piilfihility for he:ilts ol bur-
then to travel acrofs'the mountains. I'he town is
not Well fortified; but to make up that deficiency, a
ftrong guard of foldicrs perform duty, to protect the
merchants who travel to and from India. The neigh-
bouring mountains afford very rich quarries of lapis
(azuli, with which the inhabitants (arry on a confi-
derable trade to In<lia and Perfia. There arc many
inhabitants in this town, ,inJ they h.ive a mofquc,
which is but an iiulliferent huiiJiiig. 'I'hc duty on
all goods brought through either to India or Perfia,
is four per cent, becaulc tlicre is a neceffity of keep-
ing a confiderable number of folJiers to prevent thieves
from taking the goods.

More to the caft\v:irJ, rnd at the foot of one of
thefe mountains, Hands the city of Badagflian, and
is the frontier giirrifun between Great Ta.tary and
the Mogul Enipire. It is a very aiVticnt citv, and
almoft impregnable on account of ll'e mountains in
the ncighhourliood. It is depcuJcnt on the khan of
Proper Bukliaria; and in it is a Orong caltle, in
which ftate prifoncrs arc confined. The city, thongh
not larg'", is extremely pop\iloiis ; and the inhabitants
are inriched by their mines of j^'ld, filver, .ind rubies,
of which there are many in the neighbourhood.
Thofe who dwell near the foot of the mountain^
gatlier great quantities of gold and filver duft out of
the clianiitls which are formed by the torrents ^^hich
run from the top, when the fnow melts in the fpring.
The reft of the Tnrtars look upon thefe people with
contempt, bccaule they follow mcichaiidife, infte.td
of plundering their neighbours ; for the rude Tartars
think nothing in the world fo honourable as roving
from place to place in queft of booty.

The inhabitants of this part of the country, and
throughout the greatcft part of Bukharia, are, in their
pcrfons, of an ordinary fizc, but well made, and fair
complcxioncd, confiikring the climate. They have
for the moft part large eyes, black and lively ; arc
hawk-nofed; their faces well ftiapcJ ; their hair black,
and very fine, and their beards thick. Inaworif,
they are very dilferent from many of the Tartars who
live more to the northward ; beinj; in all refpeCts much
more handfome in their ftiapcs, and agreeable in their
countenances. I lie women are large in their make,
have good fti-'ipcs, and many of iliem very beautiful
features. Bo-h men and women ufe calico fliifts and
drawers, but the men arc diftinguiHied by a veit,
which they call a h/flat, and it r'.aehcs to th; calf of
the leg. On their iicads they v.car a round cloth
bonnet, fliaped much after the Polifli faftiion, having
a large border of fur ■, but the gentry wear turbans,
after the manner of the Turks. 'I'ney tic tlieir vefts
about the middle with a girdle of filk crape, which
goes fevcral times rou :.d the body ; and when they go
abroad, they throw over it a long tlothgown fringed
with fur, and lined with the fame in winter. Their
boots are made like the Perfian hiifkin, but not alto-
gether fo neat ; and they have the art of preparing
horfes hides for the purpofc, after a very fiiigular
manner.

The women wear long gowns of calico, or filk,
which are pretty full, and hang loolb about tlieb')dy.
Tlieir flippers arc (hapfd like ihiifc worn liy the women
in the Indies, and they cover their heads with .! ' : )e
flat coloured bonnet, letting their hair han;; down lue
back in trcfTes, .idorned with pcirls and otiicr jewels.
They travel in large caravans to China and the Jn(!i( ■,
where they difpole ol their goods to a very gnat ad-

vantage.

•

TR AV ELS THROUGH TARTAR Y, &c.

619'

vantngf. They are fo different from the northern
Tartars, that they never eng.i^i.c iii wars, but apply
themfelvcs to the arts of peace, in manufafturing
their filks, and carrying on an cxtcnfive commerce ;
''or which they are trcateil by their favagc neighbours
as a cowardly people; notwithftandiiig which, they
give more proofs of tlieir good (enfe, than is flicwn
by thofe who defpife them.

Thcfc natives of Bulcharia are luccrly at a lofs to
difcovcr from what body of people tl-y are dcfcendcd ;
nor can they give any account of the time when they
firft fettled m this part of the Indies. All they could
tell me was, that they came from fome diftant coun-
try, of which they can give no further account, but
that it has been tranfmittcd down to them by oral
tradition. Several writers have imagined that they
are the defcendants of the ten tribes, who were car-
ried into captivity by Salmananar,' king of AITyriaj
(II. Kings, ch, xviii.) and this they think the more
probable, becaufe Media, where thcfe people were
placed by the conqueror, was fltuate near the borders
of Perfia, and in part of the kingdom which is now
called Bukharia. The conjeflure is farther fupported
from the circumftance of the people having much of
the appearance of Jews, and many cuftoms like
theirs ; but fimilitudes of manners and cuftoms are
often fallacious, and no certain rule by which We can
diftinguifh between truth and falfliootl. It is not faid
whether thofe who belonged to the ten tribes returned
from the captivity, but yet it is certain, that many of
them did; for when our Saviour was on earth, we
find thofe mentioned who belonged to other tribes ;
and the reafon is obvious. Many of the Jews, who
were carried into captivity by Nebuchadnezzar, were
fettled near the borders of Perfia ; and Cyrus the
Great having united thtfe provinces together, a com-
munication was opened between the tea tribes and
thofe of Judah and Benjamin j fo that there can
remain not the leail dnubt, but that many of the
ten tribes joined their brethren, and returned to
Jerufalem with Zeruobabcl. Nay, if we look into
the book of Ezra and Nehemiah, we fhall find that
fome of each tribe arc mentioned; and probably it is
owing to this that there is not at prefcnt any dillinc-
tion between the tribes among the Jews. However,
it is more than probable that this place, called Buk-
haria, is no other than what the Jews tells us many of
their countrymen refide in ; but fuch a fable does not
deferve credit ; for no modern traveller gives any
countenance to the opinion.

Leaving Great Bukharia, we travelled fouthward,
through that vaft traiftof land called Little Bukharia;
not that it is Icfs in extent than the other, for it is
larger; but it is called little, becaufe it is neither fo
populous, nor has it fo many fine cities. It is bor-
flercd on the north by Great Bukharia ; on the weft,
by vart fandy defarts ; on the caft, by the country of
the Caimuc Tartars, and the Moni;uls; and on the
fouth, by Tibet, and the north-weft end of China.
It is in length, from eaft to weft, about eight hundred
aiid forty miles; and (torn north to fouth, five hun-
dred and feventy. It has fo many lofty mountains,
that the air is colder in winter than is common in
fuch a climate ; but though It is not fo well cultivated
as the provinces in Great Bukharia, yet it produces
the moft excellent fruits and wines, with every thing
nccefiary for the fupport of the people. It is very
rich in mines of gold and filvcr ; but the inhabitants
are too lazy to work them.

Indeed, the only fervice the gold is of to them,
fcrvcs 'ather to denote thii indolence than their in-
duftry. They will not be at the trouble to work in
the mines, ; l>ut when the rain and melted fnow wafhes
the foil from the tops of the mountains, they ftem
the currents of the rivulets, and gather out the gold
andfilverduft, which they fell to the Indian mer-
chants. There is much mufk in this country, and
all fotts of precious ftoncs, and even diamonds ; but
as the inhabitants have not the art either to cut or
polifli them, fo they are obliged to fell them rough to

the Indians and Chinefe, whopolilh them, and difpofc
of them to the Europeans. The vallies at the foot of
the mountains are not only fertile, but alfo delight-
ful ; and almoft every one of them is watered with a
ftrciim of freft) water. The moft difagrccahlc thing
is, that when we went to the tops of the mountains,
we naturally cxpe£ted to have an extenfive proipciSt
before us, but we were deceived ; becaufe all wc
cnuld fee was the top of another mountain, or many
otiv.T mountains, as high as that upon which wc

rtood.

'J"hc country is divided into fevcral provinces, all
of which we vifited, and ftiall here give as accurate
an accbunt of them as pofTible. The firft of thcfe is
Kalhgai" ;" fo called from its capital city, built near
the banks of a fmall river, formed by ftrtams ifluing
from the mountains. It was formerly a place rf
great ftrcngth, but having been often bcficgcd and
taken by fome of the neighbouring priiice«, it is now
fallen to decay. However, there is ftill a confiJcr-
able trade carried on in it, thoui^h not equal to what
there was formerly. Before the Tuiks fettled in the
fouthern provinces of Alia, this was their capital
city, and fome remains of their arcliitedlure are ftill
to be feen in it. The i [habitants here treated us with
great civility, and took any trifle wc cfl' red ttitni
in exchange for provifions. Tliere aie nii.ny fmall
villages in this province, where the wonicn arc fo
far from being under any fort of reftraint, that tliey
aftually cultivate the ground in the abfeiice of their
huft)ands. This is in a manner abfolutely necelVary,
becaufe the men are either employed in hunting,
fiftiing, or merchandife.

Leaving ICaftigar, wc travelled eaftw.ard about
ninety miles to Yarkian, fituated on the baiil.;s of a
river, which is formed by a coUedion of fprings
from the mountains, and running north about fix
hundred miles, after being joined by many other
rivers, empties itfelf into a lake called Lop. The
town is large and well built, moft of the houfes
being of brick, but according to the ealtern cuftom,
they are only dried in the fun ; fo that the rain cafilv
wames them away. All round the town, the ground
is well cultivated, and produces all forts of ufcful
grain. There is a caftle where a governor rcfides
during two or three months in the fummer, in order
to colled the tribute for the khan. It is a place of
great commerce ; for the inhabitants trade not only
with the fubjc£ls of the Great Mogul, but likewife
with the Chinefe, with the natives of Tibet, and
even as far as Siberia.

Peter the Great intended to have fettled a trade be-
tween his dominions and Yarkian, by means of the
river Irtis, which would have proved very advanta-
geous to his fubjefls, but he died before he had com-
pleted his defign, and his fuccefTors have totally ne-
gleited it. A little more to the fouth lies the fine
valley of Hotom, fo called from a city of the fame
name. It was formerly a place of great importance^
being extremely populous, and the inhabitants rich,
by means of their tr.ide. At prefcnt it is much de-
cayed, but the trade is not ruined ; for here is a con-
titiual refort of merchants from China, India, and
Tibet. Although the inhabitants are for the moft
part Mahometans, yet there is a, general toleration
granted to all forts of pagans, and that is the reafon
why we found feveral heathen temples in the town,
and in the neighbourhood ; but in their ceremonies
they difl^ered much from each other. Some of them
facrifice horfes, and drink of their blood while it
is warm ; but fuch as are defcendcd from the Chinefe,
make a continual rule to facrifice hogs.

All the buildings here are in the eaftern fadiion,
namely, of bricks dried in the fun ; and the inh;ibl-
tants pay a fmall tribute annually tO the khan of Circat
Tartary, who keeps an army in pay to proteift them.
Thcbeft place we vifited in this province was Akfu,
vvhich though not the capital, yet is the moft flou-
rifliing town in the whole place. It is built on the
north fide of a fmall river, which falling from the

mountains

Sf!-,

i1>6

T R A- V K I, S r H R C U G H TARTAR Y, .<c,

ihountains on the north, cmptios itfclf intt) a vaft-
Candy defart on the fouth. 'I'hcre is a confiderablc
trade carried on by the inhabitants ; and here arc nia-
nul'ai^lured fortie of the fineft filks in the ealt. 'I'hc
town is furruunded by a Hone wall, faced over with
ea''th, ahd kept in good rip.iir ; having uatch tnwrrs
at equal diftanccs, and fine walks fur the inhabitants.
The greatcd part of the |>eople arc Mahometans, bur
there are alfofeveral pagans who have a temple, where
they oiFor facrifices of hogs to their idols, which
fervc* to fticw" that they are Jefcended from the Chi-
iicfe.

Travelling more to the cadwari!, we arrived at
Turfan, which gives name to a province., J;t js a city
of confiderablc extent, furroundcil by a ,br"i<jk wall,
and extremely populous. The bulMings are neat,
being all of brick, and they have fivcral mofii.ues,
the inhabitants being wholly Mahometans ; for al-
though they grant a general toleration, yet wc could
not hnd any heathens in the p!;)ce, excciit fuch mer-
chants as came from China and India, 'I'he country
adjoining to the city affords all the ncctfi'iiricsol life;
but there are few fruits befides melons. The nielmis
however are of a large fize, and fine flavour, fo that
they become a confiderablc article of commerce. They
IVll all thefe to the merchants who tome from the
Mongulempire, that fort of fruit being much v.iliied
there. Near the borders of this prni incc, there is .tii
cxtenlivc defart which reaches as t.ir as the yrc.it w:ill
of China; .ind in Ibme parts of it, there ;.rc great
luinibrrs of ty;;ers, and other wild bt.ilfs, lo that
tlu-re is no '|>a(lin5 through it i.\icpl in cniavan'., an. I
every traveller niu(t have arms to dthMi.1 hinilllf again It
t.'icle furic^ animals.

Inthe^noleof this defart, there is neither gr.ir>
nor water, fo that thofi' who mglccl to tnke pruvi-
fioMs l"or their horlis alon^ with thcin, arc .tjU to
1, lie ilii-in before ihev get at the eiid of tlicir join my.
The 'l'art.irb tlieicfore ufe dromedaries, b'.eaufe little
food iVrves them, and ihey can live without w..ter
five or fix d.iv! .

With lefpcdt to the uihabit.Tnts of r.iitlc Biikha-
ria in general, we found but little diili-rciire .Tn-.oni;
them ; for tliey arc in general lAarliiy and bl.ick-
haired, although fome of them niv fair. They Ireeir
Itrangcrs with great rcfpecl ; but they arc exireir.ely
covetous, which is the realon th'-y carry on fui li ;in
cxtenfive trade with China, Pcrfu, huli.i ai)d RufTii.
Thofe who deal with them, ami arc una^i]iKnriti d
with the arts they pradice, arc fiire to hi: cli.att;! ir
impofedon. In their habits, the men ditKr very liiilc
from the Tartars; for they wc.ir a Itut of froci; of
coarfe cloth, that falls down to the calves of thtir Kgs
having fleeves very wide tovrnrds the fhoulJers, hut
narrow at the elbows. They wear tiinlles like the
Poles, and thefe are generally of ffripcs made of fcar-
let-colourcd filk. The habit of the v\'omcn differs
but little from that of the men. lliey wear loole
robes of quilted cotton, with b'hs in their ea;', twelve
inches long, falling often as low as tluir flii)ulders.
Thcv part and twilt their hair in trellis, which they
lengthen with black ribbands embroidered with gold
or filvcr, and with great tafTcls of filk ami filver,
which hang down to their necks or their brcnrts ; ihcy
wear tufts of filk, and their necks are adorned with
firings of pearl?, with fcvcral pieces of coin h ;n;;-
in» from them, fo that thoy make a glitteiin;> ap-
pearance, which ferves topleafe the men, whole talk's
arc not very rcf5ncd. Both fexes carry about with
them little cotton bags, in which are levcral prayers
written by their priells, ami theli; they rrpe.it as ai.ti
dotes againff any evil that may happen to them.

The young women, in order to mal<e thernfclves
appear more beautiful than thofe advanced in years,
make ufe of vermilion with which thiy paint tlicir
nailf ; and this colour finks (b deep, that it will
remain fcvcral years without being renciCed. IJoth
men and women wear dole drawers, and boots made
of RulTia leather, very li''ht, and much in the lame
Ihape as the flippers worn by the 7 inks. They alio
2

wear the fame fort of bonnets and covcrin'^ for tlu*
head; except that the wcintn have theirs adouicd wiitv
peatls. 1 hat a married woman may be known fmm a
virgin, the former are diftnguifhed by a 1cm; piece of li-
nen, which they wear under their boniui,and after
folding it round the neck, they tic it in a knot behind.,
fo that one end hangs down to the waill.

Some of their houfes are of Hone, but the grentcfl
part of brick ; and in their furniture they have nothing
ornamental. They have neither chairs nor table-,
nor is any thing to be I'ccn la their chambtis but
fome China trunks, upon which they fpread carpit.s
made (if cotton, and ot various colouis. 'I'hcir window
curtains aie alio of cotton with flowers wrought
in tliem ; and tlictr bedlieads arc about half a yard
high,, and four yards in length ; hut in the day
thefe arc covered with carpets. They go to bed
ftark naked, but always drcis in the morning when
they get up, and fit crofs-legged, in the fame maiir
ncr as the Turks.

They arc very neat about their viiSluals, which tlit
flaves drefs in their mafters' chambers ; where, accord-
ing to the number of pcrfcMis in the family, there are
feveral iron pots, fet in a kind of range near the
chimney, which ferves to warm the houfe during
winter. Some have little ovens made of bricks, and
in thefe they frequently bake their viitual.i. 'J'heir
kitchen utenfils are for themoff pait of copper veil'els,
in which they boil their tea, ami warm water when
they want to wafli thcmfelves. A piece of calico
ferves thvm inftcad of a table cloth, and they ulc
neither knives nor forks, but pull the meat to pieces
with their fingers. They aie extremely fond ol?
I'oups i and in eating them they ufe large wooden
f))oi.ns, much in the l.aiie form .is the ladles we have iu
liiiiope, with which we fkimciir ,njts. Their ufual fixid
confilts of minced meats, of which they often make
a fort of pics of a fcniicircular fniin, and tliefelcrvc
as provifioiis when they go on a long journey, par-
ticularly in winter.

They carry this food inb-igr; and when they have
nccafion to ufe it, they put it into boiling water,
fo that its tafic very much icleinliles the niinccd veal
of the Englifh. Thiir ufiul diiiik is tea, and ihcy
have a black fort which they prepare with milk, f.ilt,
and butti.r, andtlicytatbrc.nl iiloiig with it. Thi',
however, is not, properly f'pciking, tea, for it is
made of black beans, a gv.iin uicd by the I'artars in
general, of which they make tlicir bread. It is ex-
tremely wholcronic ; and ucfiir.d but little ililler-
cnce between it and the f'uikifli coU'ce.

The people however are too much addiiTlcd to the
ufe of it, which conduces ;;really to ueprefs their Ipiritr,
and reduce them to a Itatc of the moll abjei'l indo-
lence. Probably it is owing to this that their minds arc
in a manner ftrangers to ambition ; for there is a poffi-
bility of human nature fuiking lo low, that even art
becomes ncccfl'ary in order to raile it up to its original
flatc of grandeur. Thefe peopl.- arc, like many others
in northern nation?, much addicted to drinking fpi-
rituous liquors, which generally produces quarreir,
and frcnu;.ntly ends in not, debauchery, or perhaps
murder.

In the article of marriage, they buy their wives,
and pay for them according to the fliarc of beauty
hey pofl'efs ; and ns the parents receive thepurchale-
money; fo the bell eflale a man can have in this
country is at leaff half a dozen liandlome daughters.
The perfons to be married are forbid to f|ieak to ci'.ch
other from the time the coiitric't is figiied, till the
day of eipoiifal, when they Ijiiid thice d.iys in all
manner of b:iiuiueting ami fcaltiiig. i'lie ivenlng
before the wedi'ing, a conipanv of ynuiig gills meet
at the biide'> houfe, ami t!i\ ci t thiinlcKcs till mid-
night, in playing, dancing, and finding. Next
morning the guefts meet at the bride's boulc, in
order to prepire her for the ceremcny. Thi.b.uig
done, they |;ive notice to the bridij' mini, wriu .ir-
rives fjion atterwaids, accomp inird liv feveral of his
friend^ .'iij relations, an. I lolluwed by iLvcial pcrlons.

TRAVELS THROUGH l' A R T A R Y, &c.

tit

playing on fltitcsi and fiicli other inftrumcnts of mu-
(ic as are ulcd In the country.

When the bridegroom arrives, he entertains the
company with a hurfe-race, and diftribliies prize*
according to the merits of the riders, of which he
himfelf is the fole judge. Thcfc prizes confill chiefly
of (kins of black foxes, or pieces of fine filic, and
they are held in much cftcem by thofs who receive

them. , ., ■

The young couple do not fee ench other while the
ceremony is performing, butanfv^er at a diltanc" to
thequettions propofed by the prieft. When thj ce-
remony Is over, the bridegroom returns home, am
entertains the company according to the nati. e o
his circumftanccs. After dinner, he goes to the brii.. s
houfe, accompanied by his relations and friends, and
defires to be admitted to fpcaii with her. This favour
however is not granted him ; fo that he is obliged to
withdraw ; but he returns again the fame evening,
when he finds the bride in bed, furrounded by her
women, and he is permitted to lay himfelf down in
in his cloaths befide her, but that is in prefcncc of the
women ; fo that in a few minutes he is obliged to
withdraw.

The fame farce is repeated three davs fucceffivcly,
nor do the new-miirricd couple go to bed till thelourth
night ; and on the fifth day the hufband carries his
wife home in triumph. If the parties are young
when the marriage Is concluded. It frequently hap-
pens that they do not convcrfc together, nor con-
fummatc the marriage, in lefs than two or three years
after the ceremony. In fuch cafes the money given
for the vvii'o becomes the property of her parents. If
fhe dies; but as a principle of generofity takes
place more or lefs in all countries, fa nothing is more
common '.han for the bride's parents to return part of
the money.to the hulb.nul.-

All the women in this country arc confidercd as
impure fur forty days after their delivery, and Jarc
not fo much as fay their prayers during the whole ot
that time. The child is named the third day after
its birth, by the father, or fome one of the ncarell
relations; who, at the fame time, prefents the in
fant with a bonnet, or a piece of lilk, which he is
to keep fo long as he lives.

At feven years of age they are circumcifed, on
which occafion the father maices a fcalV, to which he
invites mod of his friends. I'rom this circumftancc
we may learn, that circumcifion is a very antient cuf-
tom in the eallcrn nations; but that is not fufficicnt to
prove that the people la ihofe countries learnt it from
the Jews.

By the common law of this country, polygamy Is
forbidden ; and yet it frequently happens, that a man
has ten or twelve wives. Divorces are frequent
among them ; and when a man fends his wife home
to her relations, it is cullomary to return all thofe
things which fhe confidered as her property while
(he lived with him. This, however, is a niaiijr of
favour, for ftie has no right to demand them ; but in
order to prcli;rve the peace of f.imilies, the hufband ge-
nerally complies ; and thefe feparations are fo little
regarcled, that fcarce any notice is taken of them ; and
the woman who Is divorced from one hu(band, can
foon.be married to another of equal rank.

When one of the natives falls fick, he fends for a
prieft, whom they call a MuUach, and he reads to
him feveral prayers, after which he breathes upon
him, and with a knife makes feveral flouriftics round
the patient's face, as If he intended to cut him.
By this operation they Imagine they cut out the root
of the dil'cafc, which they fuppofe to be caufed by th
agency of the devil. But when the patient dies, the
prieft layj the Alcoran upon his bread, and recites
feveral' prayers. After this, the corpfe is carried to
the grave, which is generally in fome foil tary grove
in a wood, and they indole it with wooden pali
fadoes.

They have no money coined, but thpy take it by
weight, which was the cuftom in all antient nations ;
Vol.. II. No. 53.

for »c read, that when Abraham bought the cave of
Machpelah, he paid for it a certain fum accordinj;
to the current price given by merchants ; which muft
mean, that he gave a certain fum of gold or lilvcr, not
as coined, but by weight,

Mahomctanifm is the cftabliflicd religion ; but they
grant a toleration to pagans, and indeed to all thole
of what denomination foevcr they may happen to be.
But whether the anceftors of thefe people ever learno«i
any thing concerning Jefus Chrift, this it certain,
that they liavc heard of him, though in a very con-
fufed manner ; as will appear from the following tra-
dition, which they look upon as facrcd.

They fay. That the Virgin Mary being a poor
orphan, and her relations having fome dilputes con-
cerning her education, re|i>lved to decide ihtm by lot.
Accordingly they threw a feather into a vellll full of wa-
ter, and he to whole finger it ftuckwas to bring up the
child, it fill to the lot of Zacharias ; for no fooner had
he put his finger into the water, than the feather came
fi'om the bottom, and fixed upon it. This miracle
induced him to carry her home to his houfe, where he
brought her up in the moll tender manner, as prac-
tifed by the Jews alter their return from their cap-
tivity.

It happened one time, that the bunnefs of the tem-
ple kept him three days from home, and during that
time he recollci^ed that he had locked the youimgirl
up, fo that no pcrfon could come near her. Upon
this he ran home as faft as he could, but indead of
finding her de;id as he feared, flie was liirroundtd with
all forts of eatables, which (lie f.iid God h.ul fent her
from heaven, AVhen (he was about fourtci 11 years ot
age, (ho went to bathe in a fountain, according to
the culloiii of the country ; but while flic ron-
tinued there, flie heard a voice wh chexccediivily ftruck
her with fear, I'o that fhc i .Ikncd to put on her
cloaths, in order to return. liut prcfeiitly an angel
appeared, and told her, that ihc (liould conceive and
have a Ion, whom they were to call Ifiy, which is
the fame we call Jefus, and anfwcrs in all relpeds to
the Hebrew word Joel,

Mary replied, that (he was afraid of the pains of
child-bearing ; but the angel breathed on her breaft,
and b.ide her fear nothing, as the divine power would
fuppiirt her. In fliort, (he conceived from that
moment; and the time of her delivery approaching,
ftie went and hid herfelf in the defart. There fall-
ing in labour, (he fupported herfelf againft the trunk
of a decayed tree, and in that condition was delivered.
At that iiiilant the rotten trunk of the tree began to
fpread forth leaves, and the country all around breathed
the fweetuefs of fprlng. The angels came to com-
fort the virgin ; and flie being perfeflly recovered, re-
turned home to her relations, who rcfufed to receive
her. All this indignity flie bore with patience, and
finding flic had no rcalbn nor any hope to expe£t
favour from her relations, ftie returned home, and
fpcnt her time in bringing up her fon, according to
the rites of the Jewifti religion ; for flie knew of no

other.

Young Ifay in time becameagreat prophet, and adoc •
tor of high authority, but was generally hated and
perfecuted by every one, cfpecially by the great men
of his time. They often laid In wait to murder him,
though without fuccefs ; for God took him in an in-
ftant up to heaven. As two aflaflins had been em-
ployed to murder Ifay, fo God, to punifh them, tranf-
formed them into the fliapc of their celebrated pro-
phet ; and they having deceived the people by tell-
ing them many falflioods, they rofe, and ftoned them
to death.

Dark and confufed as this traditional ftory may
appear, yet we cannot imagine that it was invented
by thefe people, but rather that there might have been
a traditional account of Chrilt handed down among
them, from the age of the apoftles. This will ap-
pear the more evident, when we confider that thefe
people, while they deny that Chrift, whom they call
7 U I Ay,

62*

TRAVELS THROUGH T A R T A R Y, «.c.

Ifay, fufficved di'ath i yet llicy believe in a refurrcdion,
and a future flute of rewards und punifliiiicnts.

Butuilh relpci^ to punifhnieiits id anotlirr life,
they do not brliiye ihtm to be ettrnni, but only for a
certain time-, affirming, tliat as devils lirft led man
into fin, fo the weight of tlie puniihmcnt will fall
upon them. They have likewife anolhcr notion,
which feems to be peculiar to themfvlvcs, namely,
that at the general rcfurrtfiion muny creatures, both
angels and men, will be annihilated i but the latter will
be purified, and taken up into the heavenly manfians.

i'hey believe that there are eight paradifes for the
cletfl; and feven hells for the wicked, where flnners
are to be puniflied by fire ; and that the finners who
will fuffer the fevereit punifhment, arc liars, cheats,
and back-biters. That one out of an hundred will
be chol'cn from among the wicked, on whom the fire
will have no power, and this fmall company will be
taken into a particular paradile, whrrc they will
enjoy all forts of felicities, till God creates for them
a new world, inftead of the prvfcnt which we now
inhabit. According to thcni, it is u fin to fay, God
is in heaven; for they are taught tobti.cve, that he
is cvery-where prcfent, not being confined to any
place whatever.

The government of this country has never been
properly regulated } nor can wc ("lul that they ever
had a conftant fucceflion of princes. At ptufciit their
government forms fomething relemliling what we call
an ariftocracy, by which is meant that the jiowcr is
lodged ill the hands of individuals. They have a vaft
number of niagi(lr.itcs from the higlieft decree to the
lowcf^, and they all compole as it were links of the
fame chain. The lower ordir of the ma^iftratts
decide in all matters of controverl'y between the
people in the firit inllancej but from their judgments
appeals lie to the higher tribunals. This prefevves
a fort of harmony among them ; for when people, let
them be ever fo rude, ai'c accuflomed to an uniform
fyflem of laws, they look upon them as containing
fomething of a facred nature, and fubniit to them
without relue'lance. But yet thir, form of government
does not anfvver all the ends ncccfTary to be attended
to in conducing the affairs of civil focicty.

The whole body of the people may be faid to
conflft of tvko clafTes, namely, merchants and rob-
bers. 1 ne merchants are regulated by their own
cuftomsi and, as for the robbei«, they are under
no other form of government, except the orders
of their chiefs. The former trade with the Indians,
Chinele, and PerlJans, and live in a very peace-
able manner i but the latter run all hazards to live
by plunder, while at the fame time they might be
more happy, were they to remain at home and
cultivate their lands. By this they would enjoy the
contents of peace, and live in comfort with their
families ; but their roving difpofitions arc fuch, that
nothing can bring them to a (isnfc of honour, honelly,
or duty ; for, like wild hearts of prey, they think it
no crime to rob and plunder their neighbours.

Near adjoining to Little Bukharia, is the country
called Turkeflan, or Country of the Jurks, which is
at prefent inhabited by Tartars, who are of the Maho-
metan religion. They are fometimes called Uzbecks,
but their antient name was Turkumans j fo called,
according to their traditions, from Turk, whom they
make to be the eldefl fon of Japhet. All thofc peo-
ple now called Turks, are defcended from them 1 but
at prefent they have no coi.ncClion with each other.

In the Hillory of the Decline of the Roman
Empire, we read, that about the middle of the fixth
century they were u vrry inconfiderable body of
people, who'duclt on the north-weft of Bukharia ;
and their chief employment was working in iron
mines, with which they carried on a confiderable
trade, and made all forts of warlike inftruments. Wc
are told further, that before the end of the fiieth
century tliefe people became fo powerful, that they
fcnt ambalTadors to the tinpcror Juftin, atConftanti-
nople, defiring toentcr into a trcr.ty with him j and they
I

brought along uitli tlinii large quantilii.«, whieli ihiy
fold to confiderable advamiige. At that time they li.ul
a chief, whom they called their kagun, or khan, ami
his nnnic was Diliibules. This prince, finding his
country too nanow to contain the number of wilia-
hitants, led out a great army, and encar.iped them
near Kk-t.ik, or the Golden Mountain. It llicd on
the nmft cailrrn part of his dominions, and had its
name from the abundance of fruits and cattle that
were there ; and not from gold mines, as Ionic have
thought. Difabuks dying in 580, was lucccedcd by
his foil Toxander, who marched an army againft a
fierce people, called the Orgoritcs, whom he fubducd ;
and in (lOO, having 'added their dominions to his
own, he lent an amhallador to the Emperor Mau-
ritius at Coiiflantinople. And probably it was dur-
ing thcfeembalfies, that the inhabitants of Turkeflan
firft formed the dcfign of extending their conquelis to
the fouth.

As thefe Turkumans had almoft continual wars
among themfelves, as well as with the Chinele and
nations of Great Tartary ; fo it is natural to fup-
pol'e, that in time their territories, th(>ugh enlarged,
were divided among many khans or chiefs ; and
many of the nations fubdued by them threw off the
yoke at the beginning of the tenth century. In the
year 1216, Zengliiz-khan feizcd on the greateft part
of the country ; and thus an end was put to their
government in that part of the world, except that it
retains the name of Turkeflan, and is the country
we are now treating of.

There are feveral fine rivers in this country, par-
ticularly the- Doria, famous for its gold fand. Peter
the- Great procured fomc of that fand, and cm-
ployed artifts to try it, and found it exceeding good.
The inhabitants carry it to Aflracan, where they
exchange it for furs, and thefe they either wear them-
felves, or fell them to the inhabitants of the Mogul
Empire.

1 hey have another river, called the Yem or Ycmin,
which rifes in the great mountains of Tartary, and
running about three hundred miles along the bor-
ders of Ruffia, falls into the north cart corner of the
Cafpianfea. This river, which abounds with mofl
excellent fiOi, is excefltvely rapid, but Ihallow. I'he
waters of it are delightful, and its banks as fertile as
can be imagined ; but the inhabitants pay fo little
regard to the cultivation of the earth, that thefe
beautiful fpots of ground are in a manner totally
negleiSled. There is neither town nor village on the
banks of this river ; for the water is fo fliallow, that
the Ruffians cannot fail up it ; and as for the Tartars,
they live moftly in huts.

'I'urkellan is divided into two provinces, namely,
tie weftern, and eaflern. 'I'he firft, poflefl'ed by the
Mankats, extends from the town of Turkeflan to
the Cafpian feaj and the fccond, in the hands of
Kafatchia-orda, reaches from the fame town to the
mountains eaft of Andugan ; but all the towns in
both parts arc built upon the River Sir, or the
rivers that fall into it.

The weftern part has for its capital 'I'urkeflan,
which fcems to give name to the whole. It is fituated
on the banks of a fmall river, that falls into the
Sir, a little below the town j and though the houfes
are built of brick, yet it is but a very indifferent
place, having nothing to recommend it befides its
agreeable fituation. i'he inhabitants call themfelves
Mankats, but the Ruffians call them Kara-kalpaks,
from their wearing a cap or bonnet open before and
behind, with broad brims on each fide. They are
proteiUd rcbbers, having nothing to live on but
what they fteal from the Ruffians, and other people
around them. I'hey often pafs the mouittaMS in nu-
merous tribes ; and making inroads into ftberia,
carry away with them vaft quantities of plunder.
During the winter iluy are all at home, but no fooner
does the fummer return ; than they leave their habita-
tions, and encamp, like fwarms of locufls, in the
Ruffian and Pcrfian dominions.

The

TRAVELS THROUGH TARTAR Y, ice.

623

The capital of the eaftcrn province is called
Tifhkant, and is fituatcd on the ealt tide of the riv>.T
Sir; it was a place of great antiquiiy, hut has been
often deftroyed in the wars among the Tartars, and
always rebuilt in times of peace. It is at prcfent the
rcfidence of a khan, who marches every fummer at
the head of an army to plunder. The inhabitants of
that part of Turltelhn refembic the Calmuc Tar-
tars, beint; of a middle fize, but exceeding well made.
Th'-ir faces are bro.id and flat j their complexions very
fwarthy ; th-ir eves black and fparkling, and flrongly
refemblm^ th- Calmucs, only tliat their beards arc
thick, and thcif nifes well fliaped ; they cut their
hair, which is cxtninely black and ftrong, within
four inclii:s of the fkin, and wear round felt bonnets
about a f|>aii high.

Their cUijthmg confills of a coarfe (hirt, a pair of
Ihecp Icin Hr. eches, and a quilted vert of calico ; but
in winter thi-y wear over thefe a Ihcep-fkin cloak,
whicii fervcs them inftead of a quilt; their boots are
made of horfes (kin-i ; and their weapons are the fabre,
the bow, ii' I tlie lance; for as yet theyknowbut little
of gunpowder. They are, like the Tartars in other
parts, very good horfemen ; and they hunt and
plunder on horfeback during the fummer, leaving
their wives at home to look after their c.ittle.

They poflefs very fine lands along the banks of the
river Yemba, which feparatcs Turkcftan from the
country of the Calmucs ; but all their thoughts being
fixt on rapine, they cultivate very little for they
feldom ufe any bread. They are continually at
war with their pagan neighbours, the Tartars. In
winter they pay a vifit on one fide to the Calmucs,
Tubjeft to the khan of Great Tartary, who about that
time ravage the frontiers of Great Bukharia, and

other parts to the fouth of their own country. At
other times they invade the province of Aftracan; but
in fummer they generally crofs the mountains, and
penetrate into Siberia. It is on this account that the
Rulfi.ins are obliged to keep guards in all the viU
lages along the banks of the Tabol, and other rivers,
to dil'appoint their fclicmcs. They are often killed in
thole incurli'iiij ; and even when they are fortunate
enough to efcape, all the plunder they can procure
is not equal to what their land would produce, were
they to cultivate it, which they might do in fafety.
And yet fuch are their wretched notions, and fo dcf-
titute are they of honefty, that they chufe rather
to expofe themfelves to many dangers, and undergo
numberlefs hardfhips, to fubfift by robbing, than
apply themfelves to a regular buflnei's, and live com-
fortably. They fell the (laves they take in thofe
incurfions to the Pcrfian, Indian, and Armenian
merchants, who repair thither folcly on the account
of that trade, which is the only one carried on with
any fccurity in thefe provinces. They feldom keep
any of thtfeflnves to themfelves, unlef- they happen to
pick up fume RiilTian girls in Siberia, whom they
make their concubines.

Their own women are large and well made, and
although their faces are broad, and their nofes flat,
yet they are far from being difagreeable. They wear
high pointed bonnets, which they fold on the right
fide, and they have large flippers j but in other rtlptcls
their drefs refembles that of the men.

Though they are all Mahometans by profeflion,
yet they are extremely Ignorant, having no books
among them, nor do they know any thing of the
Alcoran but what has been handed down to them by
tradition.

TRAVELS THROUGH TARTARY, TIBET, and BUKHARIA,

TO AND FROM CHINA. .

By Friar Carpini, and feveral other Perfons of the fame Order.

HAVING related to the reader every thing worth
•r.t i.e at prsfent in thefe cxtcnfivc countries, as
relate ' !<\' the Jefuits Duhiilde and Le Comptc ; we
fliall proceed to give an account of the ftatc thofe
people ..e.'C in many years ago; in doing which, we
have the afliftanceof fomc very curious materials.

The prodigious conquefts m.ide by the Monguls
and Tartars under Jenghiz Khan, towards the end of
the twelfth century, having made I'artary and its
inhabitants famous through the continent ; that vaft
region, which before was fcarcc known to the Euro-
peans, began to be vifited for the fake of trade or
curiofity. But what principally opened the way to
thefe undertakings, was the zeal, or rather folly and
prefuiiption of the popes, who took it into their
heads to fend fome friars, by way of envoys, to the
fucceflbrs of the above mentioned conqueror, to per-
fuad*- them to defift from their deflruflivc invafions,
and embrace the RnmiOl faith.

With this ridiculous view, joined to a defign of
prying into the fecrets of the Tartars, Pope Inno-
cent X. feut Carpini, a friar, with feveral others of his
brethren, to make what difcoveries they could ; and
thefe being men who feared no hardfhip', but rather
wii'.,pd to undergo many fatigues in order to propa-
TTte their opinions, undertook the journey, not
tloiibtiii;; ! lu tlifir labours would be attended with the
moll I'liu-firia! to;'.r°quences.

Carpini writes as follows : •' We fct forward on

our journey, and were kindly received by the King
of Bohemia, who fcnt meflengers along with us to
the Duke of Silefia ; and, by the munificence of the
latter, were conducted to Moftow, and kindly enter-
tained by the Grand Duke of Ruflia. There we
were Informed that we muft take prcfents along with
us ; and confequently, we provided ourfelves with a
confiderable quantity of rich furs, of which the Tar-
tars are extremely fond. We were obliged to hire
fledges to be drawn over the fnow, which at that
time was almoft .is folid as ice; and we arrived at
(Cenow, the firft town in the dominion of the Tar-
tars, on the 4.th day of February. Here we refted
one night, and the next morning fet out to anothei-
town ; where we were received bv the tirft guard of
Tartars, who behaved very rudely, and were inqui-
fitive to know who we were, and what was our bufi-
nefs. Having given them all the fatisfadion we
could, they ieemcd pleafed, and fent a party to con-
du£l us to Kortenfa, lord of the weftern marches,
who had under his command fixty thoufand men.

As foon as we arrived at his camp, we were con-
du£led to his tent, where we bowed three times, with
the left knee, before the door, taking care not to
touch the threlliold. Being entered, we repeated the
fubflance of our commiflion, and prefented the pope'*
letters kneeling.'

From hence we we»e conduced to a grand chief,
called Duke Bathi, <vho received us with great ftate

and

i V

^ ^

If?'

6»4

T R A V E

L8 THROUGH

A R T A R V, &c:

^ . I on ft \oftV tlifone > be
.na dignity. He-asfc;u=a °^^ ,. ^

lore him, b«t a ''"''. u?TotluTS, ions, anJ other
-,'' ■'" '»>' l^f wrtlTa^cdt the f.>mc n,..."- -
relations. »^<= "V. _ „ .1.=

relations. We were uea ctl ^j. ^,^^ ^^^w .

ambaffadorsgencrMly "= '"f^';^ ,„, the court of
and on Eafter buiiday ^^t <« ou ^ ^^_^ Monculs.

I where I

rd on Ealfer Sunday wcj^"0-"^

Kuyne Khan, f/iirny created j and1)oth
H,/e we were but '"XS. ih»t we were almol
"aualsand water «"= •" '"/^''thc loweft degree ot

weaknefs i but we f°""^ °""^hich wc did on Alccn-
Tf continuing our journey, wm ^^. gif^.^,.,,,

Ln day, and entered on ihe pro ^^^^^ ^„j

Where we found, vaft ""-^m the norther., parts
Mftlesi »*>«='°^'"6LXdftroyedthem. Here we
havinginamanne. total.y J^i^, ^f a prodigious

vet feen his rnajefty • ..-veiled over many di«ad-

y Leaving this place, we ^ravent ^^^ ^^^ ,^j

SU:eS;SrXane.o.elcainganew
'°Sd;ysa.-ur.nva;a,.hispU._vve^rc

invited to »;P='^V°"nV nd hewholc u.is IWiciindcd
twothoulandperfons, anutn ^ ^,^,.,^, ..f

E-^"'' ^-t .r'X^rire'Sd^iltcd". andl^re
through which all ^i!;\°",ndees having cnteixd the
wasalhongguard Theg_^^^^_^. ^^^ elcd-on t Jl

tent, began '°.'°"uev got to drinking i"-'^^' ^tl

StrjXg^^S^;^.^S:^S^^
s^%:rtrstK ^-^r^-^ ^-"-"^ '^'^'''

-THeeleaiontoojcup^-^r^^S^fa:^^
the end of which the new emp ^^^^^^^ ^^ ^ ,,,,,,
; plain between mountans nc^ir t ^.^^ ^.^ _. ,|,,„

^^¥SrX;Uconip.nyturned^rfac«tow.ds^^^

fouth, and repeated levcral prayer .J ^^.f„^, ^Ue new

xeturne'l^"**^''' the «" ' ^"^ f''^^^' ^^""'f
Ileaed en-.peror ! excufing "S vvM ^_^^^,i^.„t „.,th

ie had intimated to them hat it^va .^^^^^^

The principles "f °y'5=''S'°";f a n iddlc ftatuve, and
ob'a little t---ej f '- ^„t„,hat fcemcd to mai^k

never once laughed >» °";;"^"J„«rwith any foreign

-,ho was cither a Jew o ^^^„ and

Sns never fpoVe to h'" ''."VTPowcr of God, and
In his titles he^nS d Jnhisfeal wascnRraven,

the Emperor of "^»";'' , Ju^nc Khan on Lai th, the
\. GodinHeaven, and Kuyn ^^^^ ^^^^^^^^ „f ,n

power of Oocl ■■,

^^iSicrtainment being o^-^::,';::^^

an audience •. but l«=f°« "'^ij^'farched, Icil we ftiould

,hatwepr!..ntedour.n».arul^H.lKrthm^

had biought ; f-'.,^'^'^°be:.np'nitted to fpeaK to an
there IS no poflibil y ot M ^ there was a valt

caikcrn prince. -I^f,'';"^ '/he d pendent Tartarian
number of ambaffadors f om ttu. p ^^^^ p f.,

princes, fomc from R.^[',V...r?n. hill, near the place

rfoniefrom RuiVu. »"^ " ," n r hn>lnce

i;nd China. «" » "f'^r; t lie ' we faw no Icf.

'»"= '^ri\ iUm "'h'prdcn'.s ; fuch a, fur..

eror's tent was pitu.eu, v..
«i-SOO waggons loadcd..a.^KUn,s.£_

fine cloaths, lilks, and many ^^^^^^^ ,i, h

..Styles »-ct,;:.r"'.iSi|

ready mentioned, ""'7 J^? i^-^/g to themlelves than
particular in fome tb'ngs .cm g ^^^^^ ^^^^^ f^,^,,,
cither Duhalde or Le L,ompre i,uropei fo m-

o them incompany when^h 1. t^^J ..^tinucd t,.
(lead of the number d.crcaU, y^^^ „ncs beins
r:SeS,Tart^:rdathenrreWes into fever.

^"S.dinglrthej,we.joincd^by^

ihisAfelin, and his three con p ^^ ^^^ country i
the mifRon into a ."f^iX^f Ucwhcre near the
agreeing to meet ^^^'^ .^.'^ ^.rdaring as this Icheme
horJers of China. »" " j":\he iefuits from putiing
wa.. yet not'^-Sl'lS w h b.i three companions,
it in execution. ■'^ ciin, borders ot 1 ^rlia ,

ravelled fiifi towards the norther, „, the

Nov, a Tartarian pi incc.enc I i,cen a man

Tbllarmy. This prince appeals o ^^^^

of fpirit- f"^"" t"Xcamp. han he ordered one
men were arrived in the camp, ._^ j„ ,„ter-

:;^his attendant, ^o ^We t'^^nce they came, what
preter, and demand f^^^^t bufnufs they tiad wuli
Ivas their profefTion, and wn ,^^^^ ^^ an,,

his fubjefls ? Afel.n anlwere , ^^^^^ ^^ j,g.

haffador from the Pope, ''7hT,?,Urcd as their father.
nI;amongChriftians, andhoio^ ,

'» We told them f"","^" i n>i„hty Ciod, and that
popewasthenextperlonto A n>.g j^^^^^^ ^^

Se had fent us, his ch^dren^ ^.erlartins happmefs.
andhisfubjeds '"J^yj brought along wih h.m
The meflenger, who hau or s^ ^^ our fpcaking >«

ftveral others, >*''» ""J^ "^e f'""! ^^"^ "V'^ *'f
fuch a lofty manner of he pop .^^^ ^,, .he on of

did not Wnow 'h* ''''*".* Nov was his prince r ^Ve
(;od- and that Bayoth I^°yj,kni„v the names or

t'n^v red. That the pope^^-^^^ ^,""^'0 would not have
titles of their. pr.nces>^'^;7;'fent. But that the
omitted them m the le"" ,.^ „,any murders

holy father, 'be pope. h^'' '^^;„ ^new not the light
committed by the ^^1"";, T,, cnmpaffion fent us to
of the gofpel, t*'='\'^',^ Uotized, that they might
beg tha't they «°^M be^^»>Xfift Ivom committing
XSlrrUUberies for the ;uture._^^^ ^^ ^^^

■^Thefe mefTcngers "'"'/"^by attempting to make
always in different diefTes, thereby v^^ f^„, .

i believe 'hat tl«y vv r "Ot^,;, ..^y could "ot
but we knew the.r voices, ^^bat pre-

deceive us. They ««'% «"^;°"^;;„, and to his Ion,
fcntsthe pope bad fent to f.e icn . ^y^,j^,j them,
;" princeVhocommanded thm n^y ^^^j,,, .ho
th-it the pope never fent pr?''^ " i„fidels, who

, e hT^own children; "luch Ids ^. ^^^^^^

^uV; rather - fcn jrefents o_^^h^ ^ ^ , .bey

T R A V K I, S THROUGH T A R T A R Y, ikr.

t.S

We were cnni 111.1 lulci! to liiiril down before the
prince U.ivoili Nov \ Hut tli.it we alilohit ly ri'fiid'il
to do, lc(( thi V (limiKI liavc iiiML^iin'il tli.it we con-
fidcreil tlie |)(i|ir lis interior to ilic riiri.ir< ; how.vcr,
we told them, tli.it wc woiiM (hiw thrir prince- ii<
niiicli reCpeit as wc toiild, confillciitly willi the
piinciplis ol' our holy n li;;iiiii ; 01. ly that ivc coiiM
neither kniil down lictoie liim, nor acknowleil;e that
file khan, his I'ltlier, was the (on ol (joil. At this
they were I'o niu<.h enraged, that they i.illcd the pope
a dog, and wc liis puppies. Wc would have replied to
tliefe opproliii.ius cx|Miirions j hut were (invenied hy
the nulVengers, who nude fui h a noill', th.it il was im •
podilile tor u. to be heard. And, perhaps, it was well
lor us that we did not (peak ; for the prime B.iyoth
Noy was fo much incenl'ed againd us, that he ordered
us all inftantly to be put to tieaih. Sonic of his
counfellors advifed him to fparc two of us; and
fonie others adviled, th.it I, beinj; the thief, fliould be
flay'd alive, and my (kin (fuflcd with (Ir.iw to be
fcnt to the pope) fome were for whipiiini; us to death,
and others were for (itiiiig us in the front of the
army during the next battle, that wc might be (hot
dead by the enemy.

At that inftani Providence interpofed in our favour,
and in a manner we little expeiited. THl- prince had
fix wives, and Ihc, who was the chief, had the good
fenfe and humanity to rcprefent to her hulband, tha' he
would bring lading difhonour upon hiint'elf, if ho
pevfi(ted in his defign of putting us to death ; (he told
him, that the pcrlons of ambalTadors ftiould be con-
fldercd as facrcd, and if he did us any injury, he
would (et up a precedent for other princes to murder
his own. The princefs was fupportcd in her argument
by fomc of the favourite courtiers, \\ho reprcfented to
hiin wlrit offence it would give to the khan his father.
[It fitiiis, this Bayoth Noy hail once feized an am-
ballador, and with his own hands tore nut his heart ;
after which, he caufed the body to be dragged at a
horfe'stail through the camp. J They added further,that
if he pcrfifted in his defign, they would retire frum the
army, rather than murder men for declaring their
own fentiments ; and they threatened to lay the whole
before the khan his father.

A word fpokeii in feafon "s good, and fo it hap-
pened to us; for no fooncr had the courtiers done
fpcakiiig, than the prince revoked the fcntence, and
ordered us to withdraw. In about two hours after-
wards fcvcral mefl'engers waited on us, and a(ked us
wh.it fort of reverence we paid to our own princes:
which we ftiewed them by pulling od' our hood',
and bowinjT our heads. Then one of them faid, fince
you chriftians make no fcruple to adore (locks and
ftoiies, why do you refufe to do the fame honour to
Bayoth Nov, whom the khan has ordered to be
adored equally with himfclf? Weanfwcrcd, that wedid
not adore (locks and (lones, but only the fign of the
crofs in honour of Chrid Jefus, who was crucified;
fome time after this, Bayoth Noy fent again for us,
and told us, that he intended we diould carry our
letters to the khan his father; but this we refufed
to do, as we had no orders for that piirpofe. Our let-
ters were then tranflated into the language of the Tar-
tars, which is nearer akin to the Perfian, and deli vered
in'.o the prince's own hands, who dill detained us,
without afligning any rcafon for fo doing.

This was in the fummcr ; and though wc made
fevcral applications to be difmided, yet all was in
vain ; not (atislied with atnuCmg us by frivolous
pretences from time to time, they even went fo far as
to add infult to feemiiig indid'erence, and told us
fneeringly, that as we had come to their camp, fo wc
mud day till it broke up. H^rc we frequently waited
whole days, from morning till evening, in the violent
heat of the fun, and returned to our tent almod
pcrKhing with hunger, without receiving any anfwer,
but were jeered, fcofFcd, and laui^hcd at."

Ac the end of three months, Bayoth Noy fent for
us, and told us, that he h;id ordcrf I Utieis to be
written to the pope ; but he could not deliver them to

Vol. n. No. 53.

us till a lord came from the court of the kli.m, hi*
fath T, wh'iTi he expelled every Jay ; tins lord how-
ever did not arrive nil the l-egiiniinu of wiiitei, when
we ref<.lved to make iiiteril! with one 01 the pnnc. 's
favourites to attain our didniiriun, and (or that pu ,.o('e
olFered htr I'ome prefenii. I'hi' had the iielir J
id'cil J and had we known th- tm., rs and liii'-
pofitions of ihefe petiple fooiier, w: (hi iild net have
been detained fu loiij; ; but no (ort of kiio.\lcdge \%
equal to that gained by expriience.

At lal) we were difinid'ed j but indrad of going
towards China, to niict oiir bretlinn, we were 01-
dered to travi;! tow.ircis Acta 111 .Syria, where we
arrived in about fixty days ; but it \» as a loni; while
al'terwards before we lanJud in Italy, to deliver to
the pope the letters written by the khan to his (on,
and the fon's to our h.ily f.ither. In tliefe ictiers
Bayoth Noy iiulmated, it was Ciod'j w\\\ the Tartars
(hould fubilue the world, and theretore thote who
would not ruhiiiit inult be dtftroyed, for oppolirg the
divine command. He therefore . dvifid tie pope to
come in pcrfon, and (ubniit, othcrwifc (jod only
knew what would be the conliquenre ; tu' iie added,
that the pope' mud lird tend hini fume ambadadori, tu
acquaint him whetlier he will come or nor.

'I"he reader will naturally p' r.-^;ivc in what man-
ner thefe letters were confiJereH by the c'>u;t of
Rome; a court cftablidied upon futh pniitiples as
are inconfideiit with the rights of mankind, ir iiunian
beings, or of chriftians, who acknowlei.';e no other
(oveieignbut Jtfus. it was little bettir than ni.idiiels for
the popes to fend iniffionaries into heathen nations, with
a crucilix in one hand, and a Latin breviary in the
other ; and equally ridiculous to perl'uade men to ac-
knowledge thcmfclvcs idolaters, v\ hi !e they, the Jefuits,
aftua'ly uorfhipped crucifixis. Nay, we may add far-
ther, t1.1t the Roman Catholicks will never be able to
convert ieathens to popery upon chridian prin-
ciples; fot the changing of one ridiculous ceremony
for another is equally abfurd,andcan only be compared
to the condudl of the Romans, when they attempted
to force the Iberians in Spain to worlhip (iich gods
as had been deified in the capitol. But this leads
us on to another part of the narrative, which wc
(hall extradl from the journal of Rubiuquls, who
travelled into Tartary foon after the miirionaries juft
now mentioned. This Rubruquis was a Franciican
friar ; and being fired with zeal to propagate his
favourite tenets, he fet fail from Italy, and landed at
Condantinople, where he was kindly received by fome
of the Greek chriftians, who approved of his (cheme
of going into Tartary, although none of them would
cnnfentto accompany him. Leaving Condantinople,
he took diipping on the Euxine or Black Sea ; and
having eroded it along with I'ome other friars in his
train, they all landed in the province of Kerfona,
\\h':te they were obliged to crofs a vaft dtfart.

On the firft of June (fays this friai) we arrived at
Sadaia, where we refreihed ourfelvcs till the twenty-
fird of the fame month, in order to concert proper
meafures for profecuting the remainder of our
journey ; there we procured four covered waggons for
our baggage, and two more for our bedding, all
drawn by oxen, who areextremely ufeful in that part
of the world ; becaufe they are patient in enduring any
fort of fatigue. We had likcwife five horfes to carry
prefents ; and had a young lad named Nicholas,
whom wc bought at Condantinople.

Having pafl'ed a long ridge of mountains, we en-
tered a plain inhabited by the Tartars, five days
journey in length, which brought us to the end of
the province which there terminates in a narrow neclc
of land, like a great wall between two feas. This
plain had been originally inhabited by a body of
people called Komans, whom the Tartars drove out
from thence ; thcfe Komans fled towards the Tea coad,
where they were reduced to fo much diftrel^, that
they ate one another like canibals, and now no-
thing remains of them but their name. At the end
of this country we law great lakes, of the waters of
7 X which

626

T W A V V. I, S T H R (• U (J If T A R 1" A R Y, ^c.

' ti

wliir.h ihc Inluibitnnts make Ult, iiiul ihis ihry Ml i<>
the Turks at a runfult i;il)K; puilu.

I.eavin;^ this (il;iiii, wc met, for the i5lfl tin-.i-, a
liirgc hoily of 'raruir>, vviiK wen- viiy iiinuiruui., .uhl
li.ciiie.1 iinportunutc to kiunv wh.it i;ill>'\\. iiilciiilLd
togivt^ thi-ni, but they ilid uol otRr m tike aiiv thnij;
by t'orce. Nuxtilay wc came to the eouit o! Skak.i-
tav, bi other of U.i.itu, a Tartarian priiu:., to whom
we haJ letters ol lecomiiKiulatioii tVniii Coiiflauti-
iiople. The whole of this prince's court eoni'ilV.! ol
huts, waiijjoMs^ aiiil a va(t number of cattle, but
he hail not above five hunilred men in his retinue.
We found him liilin!^ in his bid uilh a L;uitt. r in hi-
hand, and one of his wives bJide him. His noil-
was lo (hurt, that we thought it h.ul been cut off,
but ill the end we found that ni'id of his fuhjrcis u-
frinbled him ; which induced us to com lude that t!ity
force down the nofes of infants while lluy are youii^;.
lie accepted a prelcut fronins of a tiw hifeiihis, loiiie
diicd fiuir, and a bottle of brandy, which he diltri-
huU'il ainonir his utteiulants ; and wlii'n he luaid U'.
e\olaiii to him the Clirillian faith, he llmuk his head,
without faying r.ny thin-;.

Wc continued « ith him fevcral day, and in the
nicui time a large body of pe 'ple ariived, who arc
called by the 'l"artais, Alais ; but on conviifiny with
them, wc found tliem to be Cireeks. We had nut
much converfation with thcfe p^-ople, for they left the
place in a few days ; and we ciuiiinuid our journey
to the end of the country called (r:i/aiia, where we
l*)und the place of rcfidcnce lor thole officers who
were appointed to receive the dulv on lalt. 1 heli
men treated us with j;reat civility ; lor after inform-
ing us that wc fliould meet no p.riple for fifteen days,
they !;avc us two oxen, wilh a great number of blad-
ders hlled with mares' milk. Travelling cattwanl,
we arrived at the cud of twenty days at another Tar-
tarian camp, where there was abunda.icc of cattle,
and fuch other proviluMis a<i the country could alford.
Here we attempted to explain to thole pe-oplc the prin-
ciples of the CluilHaii religion ; but our interpreter,
who was a heatl'.en^ deceived us j for whenever wc
told him what to f.iy, he repeated fomething altogether
Jifferent.

Finding we coiild do no good in this place, we con-
tinued on our journey as fir as the river Tannij,
which feparatcs Afia fr<mi Ruflia, and we found it as
broad as the Seine at Paris. On the caft fide was a
cottage, where, by order of Baatu and Sartak, feveral
men attended to ferrv over ambaflaJors and merchants.
Thcfi men crofl'ed fiirrt, and then having falKiicd two
boats together i they put one wheel of a waggon into
one boat, and the other wheel into the other, and fo
carried them over.

Here we Itaid three days, and pvirchafeel fuch pro-
vifionsas wc imagined we (hould be in want of; and
amongft other things a very large turbor, which we
found to be extremely good, not having lafled any
fuch fifli for feime time. Hut our i;^norant guides not
confidcring that we intended to travel farther, fent
back our horlcs unknown to us, fo that we were
diliged to travel four days on foot. On the fifth day
wc procured horfes and waggons, and ft)on after we
arrived at the court of Sart.ik, which is about three
ftagcs from the Wolga. From th'^nce to the Tanais
the country is extremely line, and watered with feveral
beautiful rivers, aft'ording abundance of the moll ex-
cellent fifh. The inhabitants arc divided into two
forts i namely, the Moxel, and the Mahometans.
^°he Moxel arc pagans, and d«e-ll in cottages in the
woods, and they procure a lufifiltence mollly by
catching wild beads, at which they are very dexterous.
■As for tlie Mahometans, they have fonie fmall towns,
but no mofques in them; for although they profcfs
themfelves to be of that religion, yet they arc ex-
tremely ignorant, knowing nothing more of the Al-
coran th^n what has been handed down to them by
tradition through many generations.

Sartak's court appeareel very fplcndid ; for, bcfieles a
Tift iiMtnbcr v( attendants, he iiad fix wives, and his

Ion had three. All thefc women live-d tognhcr in one
hoiile i and as thiy ir.uel Itom one part (if tl'C ctuii-
try to aiioiliei, eacii ol tlr.in h.ul t..o huiidicd w.ig-
iMiiis. We were hiIhhIiici d to liis fecrelary, v. hofe
liulincfs it IS to leeeue iinh.ill'aJois, and lie tii.itetV
us with iiimh iiiiire kiiuliuls than weexpe>'led. \\'lici»
«■,• toll! him that we had iio prelents left, he ;'iil\vereel,
that he did not defire any ; addiiiii, that he wi;uld ra-
tliergivius wliat allirtance h-cuuld, th ir. riceive any
thing iVoin n<, N'txt day we were ordered to allenil
on .S.irtak in his tent i and anordinqly we went die fl'nl
;n our liiiplices, finging a l,i.tin hymn, in honour of
thehli-lieel Virgin. Ht viewed us v.itli great .itteii-
tion, and alked us feveral qucllions coneerning our
hooks and im.iges ; for he lU vei heard e.f ;!ny fueh
things before. It is true, there were feveral Armcni- ■
an-. Ill his court, as well as fonie Oicck prieils, but
iieiiherof them fecmed to know much of the eatho-
lic religion j lor as they wouUI not acknowledge the
fupreniacy of our holy father the pcpe, fo wc were
eibliged to confidcr them as heretics.

Alon ;> with thcfe Armenians and Greeks was a
FCnii'lit Templar ; and .Sartak, who did not fcrm to
relilh their company, lent thiin awav under a Urong
guard, to liaatu his father ; but • bligcil them to leave-
all their waggons behind Ihcni. AVe (laid only a few
days after this, and then let out for the court of Baatu,
^viiere wc arrived in ten d.iys, being much afraid of
robbers, of which thcie are always a gieat number in
thofe parts.

The court of this province filled us with aflonifli-
ment, lor we had never feeii any thing like it before ;
it cunfilled of a vaft number of huts and tents, extend-
ing about three miles in length and one in breadth,
and tilled with fuch vaft numbers of people, that it
had the appearance of one of the largeft cities in
Europe. '1 hcfe Tartars had their huts conftrudcd
in fuch a manner, that they could put them up in
waggons, and remove them from one place to ano-
ther with all the cafe imaginable i fo that they were
much like the tents made by our foldiers. Kaatu's
tent was placed in the center, and round it were tents
for his courtiers, who were extremely numerous j
the apartments for the women being locked, but they
are not under fuch rcftraintas in China and Turky.

Baatu having fent for us, wc made our appearance
before him in his tent; and as we were bare-he.idetl
and bare- footed, with our clerical robes, the whole
afi'embly gazeel at us with feeming aflonifhment. The
prince fat on a feat like a bed, gilt all over, with one
of his wives, who probably was themoft beloved, bc-
fide I'.im. He had a ficlh, ruddy e'omplcxion, and,
looking earneftly at us, ordered us to ipcak. Then
our guide dcfired us to kneel on both our knees, which
we end, and prayed earnellly that God would convert
Baatu to the faith of the holy catholic church.

Our interpreter having explained the words of our
praver, the prince fecmed to fmilc i but his attendants
burll out into loud fits of laughter, clapping their
hands, and jeering us with every mark of contempt.
Baatu, however, ordered our letters of recommenda-
tion to be read by our interpreter, and then we were-
defired to withdraw to a teirt prepared for our recep-
tion, till fuch time as he fhould confult with his cour-
tiers concerning what anfwcr he was to give us. Thus
we were left intirely in the dark concerning what was
to happen to us ; and what was the worft of all, we
had never yet been able to make fo much as one fingle
convert to the holy Roman- catholic religion.

Having continued feveral days longer in this court,
or rather camp, our guide came to inform us, thai
as we defired pernii/rion to flay fome time in the coun-
try, Baatu could not grant it without the confent of
thekhan or enipctor, fo that it was neceilary for us
to repair te> his court. Accordingly we fet out with
our interpreter, Baatu himfelf having been fo obli-
ging as to accompany us. Our journey, which took
up no lefs than five weeks, was along the banks of the
Wolga, and during that time wc were almofl flarved
to death fur want of pvovifions.

Vt.'

MMM

r R A V E L S I- (I \\ O i; (i IF TAR P A H \, c<;c

Bi7

T' '!

' ■ * ■

At length, on the ifiili il.iy "f Si|ilLnib(ri wo dc-
parted Inr lliccniirt ol' On- kluiii <'t (lniit T.irtiiiv,
which ^^n^ .1 JDiiiiK y of I'mir mdiiihs'i .inil wc uiiu
fibliycil to |)urihalc (nr mirlilvis w.11111 ;'/nviis, with
Ic.ithir hifcchi"', a?i.l hunts iii.uli: dt (l)a|i (km, with
thf woiiUy fulc turned iiiwaids. Ahmit t^e b('i;i|i-
niiig of Nun'iiihiT wc touiid ourltlvi.s in ;i i ouiitry
iiihahitiJ hy a hndy o( |ico[>lc lall.'d the K.mkk-i
and tlicir cmni'iy Ivuv^le, 'I'm/v vveiv tnriiurly
(iihjjiil til tho l'!.'iia,.ii>. 1 but now thi'v do nut ritaiii
on.; linglc idv.i ul' ih,; nuiincrs nt' that warlike
p-nple.

I'li.'l- people live in hutf, anl Ip.'ak a llianue
liingu.i;,c, iviiieh has a near aHinity to what we
call the Selavonicj and tV(i!ii this part ot ihe
world many i>(' thoie b.irbarians tame who overthrew
tiie llomaii tnipire, and eltahlilhed luvereignties
vn its ruins.

In iMir iimrniy tliroir^h this tfiintry, we ("iilFered
inueli Iroui the ii verity ol the cold. Our jMiide was
uiniM of (ome repute in Ihe country, who at lull
tre.ited us in a hauyhtv Icnrnliil ni. inner; hut our
bciiiviour was fo lubniiflive, th it at lall it fofte'iel
hii heart, and made him look upon us as lonKAvhat
more than human,

Tlius arlifts melt tlie fullen oieof lead.
With heaping coals ot tire upon its head :
In thj kind warmth the metal learns tojdow,
AllJ, ioofc Iroin drols, the fiiver runs below.

The chiefs of the Mnnguls, who inhabit great
part of that txtenlive delert, treated us with every
fort of refpedt, and often delired our prayers. They
oftered us all forts of provifions i;ratis; Init we would
not aeeept of any tlniii; but what we paid for.

J'hcy told us, that feveral perfuna irom their coun-
try, who had travelled as far as Conll.mtinii{de,
had informed them, that the pope was five hundred
years of age ; which convinced us, that they had
heard foniethin;; of Jefus Chrill. Front this part of
the country we l.irneil more to the foutluvard, and
.crolled ftveral lleep iiioaiuain'^, where we were often
in d,'.i;L,er of b-'iny dallied 10 pieces over precipices,
<ir devoured by wild b^alb, (Jii thefe nuuintains we
faw many allej as large as cumninn horles, and fo
I'iVifr, that our j',ii:de was nut abl- to catch one of them,
Ab.nic the middle ot September we entered a
large plain I'linounded by mniMitauls, at tlu end of
wdiich we c.une to a town e.dltd Kerkat, where the
j;overnor met Us at (he i^ate, and treated us with ale.
A threat river dufcended I'roin the mountains, which,
beiuLjciit into i'.vcral c.mals, watered thewlnde coun-
try, and ended m a molt b-..iutiful lake, where we
found lome ( f the h.ll li(h we had tafted fince we
came into tliefe part?.

Having relied ouilelves at this place, we conti-
nued our jonnuy tow aids the ealt, along a rid^c of
mount. lins that join to the Cafpian Sea. Here we
came to a \illage, and made eiu|uiry concerning fome
J)utchmeii, who lived at a place called 'I'allasj but
all we could learn was, that Ban, their lord, had
been pu: to death by Raatu, in whole jurildiclion he
lived, for (peaking diliefpc'lfully of him; and that
the nil of his c iiintrvmen were removed to lialak, a
villas", a numth's jnuiney more caftward. It feenis
the!'.' Dutchmen hid been informed, that there were
gold mines in tho'e p'.rts of 'I'artary; but they were
miltaken, and nie.l of them pcri(hed in the fearch.

Continuing to travcrfe this lall del'art, we came to
a village calkd liilirns, inhabitid bv Mufulmen, or
.Mahometans; and they fpokc the I'crfian language.
Near th!-; village we had I'everal mountains to crols ;
after which, v\e came to a moll b.autiful plain, and
loon after arrived at thj antif ni citv of Koylak.

In KoyLik were three idol tempUs ; and in one of
thcfe, we were {hewn an iniii^^'e placed behind the
altar, in the Corm of an anD,el with vvings Around
it were feveral oilier images, moU ot whom had
their hands c! ifped together in a praving pofturc,

or rather as gnint^ to blefs ili'ir t< or(hipper«. 'I'hc
ddois of till ir teinpli s lite always open tovv irds ihi-
I'ouih J and thoiijji we liuind them built leiit'ih-vviijs
trom raft to \\\i\, yet tluir piiifls, as well as the peo-
ple, woi(hi|> uilb tliiir fa es to 1 ards the north;
prolh.iling theml'eKei 011 the ivonnd, anjLniakiiij;
the mo|! nideoiii lani'nt itions. Their prHs, who
havi' tliur heals and Iv.aids (hived all rv r,^ live tn.
geiher ill a convent ; and in their temples ilvy went
yellow )tatminl>. Tliee lit on heneh' s in tin ir tem-
ples, e.ieh haviiiL; a ItiinL' of nul-lhills in hi^ hand i
iiiid ihev furpieiuly rip:aithi' wo'H*, " Lord, thou
knowelt '" wiiieh is conlidered by iliem as bavin;;
Innieihing ill it of a very in"i itorions nature,

Theli' tmiples have fipinc t nirt«, oppofite the
front doors to the f lUlh ; ; ud there the prielt-, whole
tills are on carh (Idc , fit and convei le togither. They
wiilefmm the fop loth: hoti .'n, and nuiliiply the
lines (rom the right hand to the left, Thiv bunt
their dead, and depofit the alhes in an urn, which is
li\'d on the top of a pyramid, near the git.'S of their
Iiinpl s; and they believe t'vit there is one Siipicme
liuii:, who hai a great many civ puties to aill under
him.

l)e|iarling from Koylak, wc came to a ruined
village', where we foiinil t'le finiins of a caltle ; .ind
.ib'jut three days after, we crcill'ei! near the eivl of the
lake, which wc found to bealiiioft as bo.lb'unis as the
(V a. Near the borders of this end of the lake was a
fmall to.vn inhabited by Nellorian-, who are very
numerous in thefe parts j and they had a churiih,
where their priefts laid niafs. Here thi: wind was fo
(hong and boillerous, that to avoid being blown into
the lake, we turned northward, into a hilly country,
ahiioll covered over with fnov. There were feveral
huts at the bottom of the rocks, in which lived pea-
(ants, who conduced lis from one (lage to another;
for they were given to iinderlfand, that we were going
to the court ot the emperor. Next day, as we pad'cJ
between frit'Jitful rocks, our guides came and advifcd
us to fpeak fome words to drive away the devil, who in
that place, they (aid, often carried men oft' from their
horfes, and fometimcs tore out their bowels. Upon
that, we repeated the creed ; which had Inch etfeiif,
that the devil did not approach to hurt them ; and the
guides were Co fcnfibleof what we had done for them,
that they begircd us t() write out copies of the ci^-ed
for them to (lick in their caps, and keep them as
prelervativcs.

From this place wc travelled more towards the
north-eaft, through a hilly country, and then entered
a great plain, which, at a diftance, looked like the
fca. At the further end of this plain, we came to
the court of the great khan, or emperor, where our
guide had a large houfe allotted him for his relidence }
but we were croudcd together in a fmall hut, where
there was fcarcc room for ourfclves and our baggage.
The weather was (b cold, that (though contrary to
our order) we were obliged to wear Ihoes, which we
made of pieces of horfes hides, keeping the hairy fide
next to us.

On the 5tli of January, wc were brought to the
court of the emperor, and placed in a tent covcrtil
before the gate with rough (kins of (beep, hor(es,
and bullocks. It being Chriftmas feafon, and we
being earneft to convert thefe people to the faith, we
fang to them an hymn in Latin, but they did not
fecm much to regard it.

The fcrvants or guards who waited at the gatp,
("earchcd us for knives ; but finding we had none, they
conduded us into an apartment, where we were
(bated on benches, and the khan's wives came and
looked at us. The room was hung with cloth of
gold, and in the midit was a fire, made of thorns
mixed with ox-dung. The khan fat on a bed drelTcd
in a robe of fpotted fur, which (hone as tranfparent •
as if it had been a feal-(kin. He was of a middle
flaturc, flat nofed, and about fifty years of age. His
principal wife fat next to him ; and near her, was
her cldeft ilaughter, and feveral little children. Nei-

ets

TRAVELS i H R O U C, n P A R T A R Y, ^c.

ther tite women nor the childrtn had any thing in
them that Wis rn^a,';inj{ ) tor, l>cbJct their flat nii(m,
they wrre of a Iwiiiihy r(ini|il< >l»n, low ol ftaturi.',
but rohuli, with lar^i- ryi's, ami l>;inl IVaiuni.

'I'he khan dtliriil our iiuer|ut'ier i» ulk m what
liquor »c choli: to dijtik? at ilif tame liiiu ii.uiuii);
tiuur tlMkrcnt.l'urK i and ai wc were cqualjv llianrt-rv
to ill (Vthem, Wf t(Mik what wa« rccnnnncndrd to
ui, which wa« callid li'ialina, a li(|u'<r niadi.- iil
rice i it was mild, >.lcar, ami tnllt-d vciy much like
white wine. Wc tuld the khan, that we had liii-ii
li'nt by BaalH to thj couit, luul th it our cliict diligii
w-n, to convert his (uhjcil* to the ChnHian laiih.
The einptror^jifwercd, that his puwir was i;reatovcr
ull till, eaft, and that we niiiMit r'ninin as long »k we
plcalcd iiv hit dominions) whiili ltd us to take
notice of fome things that h ippencd both before v/i:
came, and while we were thiii;.

About a year belore »<: airiveil nt ll>e cmpfror's
court, two friars, the one named I'licoilolu*, and the
otUvr Andrew, came into I'ariary, lisvini; traveller,
fruin Syria, all the way acn.fs I'ttfia. Andrew, nut
liiking the country, riiiirned honc; but Ihculolus,
who was an artful mm, pre(cnilcil that hclnd received
letters from the king of iIk Krinks, wriiitn on gold,
which he was to itctivcr to the cni|i'.ror i Inn that the
horl'e he rode upon had broke loolr, and ran away with
Ihcni.

Having promifed to condiifl anibsiTidnrs to that kins,
the khan caufed a bow to be niaile, lb (liong, that two
men could h.irdly bcod it; and two airows with lilvcr
heads, and full of holes, which ciol'ed ihein to wlnllle
as ti.ey flew through the air. Tlieie be delivered to a
Moiicul, ordering him to prefent llieni to the kini; of
the Franks, and tell hmv, that in ca'e he rntcicil inio a
lejgiie with hira, lie (the kh.m} would hibdue all the
Mahuin.'tan countries thai lay to the wcl\warJ of his
domiiiiont, and give iheni up to be governed by the
Franks ; but in cafe he refuftd, then the envoy, inftead of
delivering the bow, w.is to tell the kin?, that his mailer
could (Iwot f:;r with it, and do a creii deal of mifchief.
'I'his .Mon|ul,»hu ai^vdasambaflador, fs'out, accom-
panied by T'heodohis, for the court of the king of the
Franks, with an inicrpie'er along with them. They
travelled feveril months together, till they came iieai
llie borders of Syria, when lltey difcoveied that this
Thcot'olus was a.i impoftor, and thai he intended to
carry them by fea to the pope. Accordingly they ap-
plied to the governor of tlie place, vt ho caufed I'heo-
«loIu9 to be imprifoned ; but In the OKan lime the am-
baflador and the inierpretrr died.

Here we found a great number of NcHorian Greeks,
one of whom, a monk, called Sergius, told us one diy,
that he was going to baptize the emperor. We he^'ged
to be permitted to fee the ceremony, which Sergius
proiuifed we fliould ; but when the time appointed
came, he did nut come near us. However, wc went
in the evening to the court, where we found Sergius,
with the crofs in his hand -, when he told us, that he had
baptized the iinperor; I ui lh.it was falfe, for ahhru"h
.the khan fuffered all forts of priefts4o villt him, yet he
never admitted any ceremonies to be pcrfoimed except,
his own, which were he;ithcn.

The khan's lirl> lady, who was a Nellorian, and had a
fon whom (he brought up in the principles of her own
religion, had a chapel where (he went to mafs, and
where many abominable ceremonies were ufed. All the
people bathed thrmfelves at the door of the cli ipel ; and
»ft f' on a* the pricrt had finithed thsir fervice, litjuois
were fet before them, and they gat intoxicated fo
much, thii they were rather like healls than men.

Soon after this, the queen was taken dangernufly
ill ; and though the was a Ncllorian, yet tite khan
loved her fo much, that he fent for .Sergius the monk,
who undertook to cure h:r. We attended to the
methods ufed by him ; which were as ridiculous as
any wc< h.iil ever feen pr&iSiifed by mountebanks.
Having cut fomc rhubarb very fmall, he put it to
ftccp in water along with a crucifix j and by this he
.<<tid, he knew whether the patient would live or die ;
I

for if Hie were to ricover, it would flick to htr KrenfJ
like glur, but if (he wcie to iljr, it would nut Ituk
to it at all. We wen of opinioi , that it would hi-
much hiitir K/r him tti luMer u> to .iiioint h> r witli
holy oil and water, ih.it heiiij^ our rtmtdy for all loits
■it dill all ^ i to V'hieh Sii-iui loiifiilled.

Aiiditliiifily we ('|)ii)t the wlioK- nighl in prayrr ;
.mil ill the uiiirnin;; we waited upon the laJy, whom
we anointed, and Ihr Coin found heilill iiiikIi httter.
Next d,iy till' khan lent tor u>, and ue lounil liiiii
tilling', III the inidlt lit his fervaiiiv, lipping lome-
lliiiii; like p.ille. He told u«, we ilil'.;ht c.iiiyour
iTols on tin top ofalaiite cr fpiar, lo that it ini^lit
he (t-in by the people. I'rocdJinp liom theme, wc
rti It to the lady, whom wc found hearty and will,
hut Wf ihoufi.ht It moll proper to irpcat our iiinidiis.
We Ijad aniiiltd ourfelves willi the hopes of lei ing the
kill"; of Aiininia, as wc had been tolj we(hoiild, nye-
iher with a Dutch prieli Iroiii Lt.ilak i but hearing no
newsofihcin, we applied to the kh.in for information.
We could not however hiinij any intctligenec con-
cerning thein; and as the winter was near appioach-
iiij;, we rifoKecl to have the rountry ; I his wc
found the more nceeP.iiy, bccaiile, alter we h;ul done
every thing we could lo convert the iiihabilaiiK, wc
hail not bicii able to make one profelvte ; for the
Neltorian monk woiiUI not pirniit us to conveilo
with tlie queen, w hini wc had healed ; and as for
the emperor, he was continually furroundtd by pagai*
priefts. 'I'his prince ordered each of us a warm (;.ii-'
nient, with every thing necefl'ary for our journey, and
^ave the interpreter monry u> defray our cx|ieoccs
on the road.

Leaving the khan's court, we travelled above
twenty days, aniF then learned that the king of
Armenia had palTed us, he having taken another
road. Travelling ftill farther, we ariivcd at the Tar-
tarian camp, where Baatu commanded, after havinc
been abfent from it exadly one year. Wc fufl'ered
much in this journey to Uaatii's camp, for we fre-
quently met with 'I'artars near the mountains, who
afkcd us if we could take care of horl'es, and milk
mares, upon which we concluded that they intended
to make flaves of us.

Haatu treated us much better than when we vifited
him firft; for having called us into his tent, he or-
dercd his fecrctary to read the letters he had wiittcn to
the king of France ; and when our interpreter had
explained them, he fent fome of his men, who con-
ducted us four days on our journey, and then left UJ.
Having travelled a month longer, we came to the bor-
ders of Perfia, w here we found the Wolga divided it-
felf into fcven flreams, fo that we wercobliped to
crofs as many, ferries. Two days more brought os
to Samaron, a city moftly inhabited by Jews, where
wc rtfiefhed ourfelves one day, and then continued
our journey fourhward, where we law the ruins of
walls, which reiiched from the top of the mountains
to the fea. All along wc met with hords of Tar-
tars, efpecially near the banks of the river Araxes,
which we crorfed on a bridge of boats chained to^
gether. Near this place, and adjoining to the banks
of the river, we were (hewn the mountain, called
in fcripturc Ararat, where it is faid the ark rc((ed, and
the Armenians firmly believe it. It is no-.v called
Semainum, which fignifies Eight, alluding to the
prefcrvatiou of Nuah and his family during the
flood.

Near the bottom of this mountain is a town called
Naxuan, where we met with two friars of our order,
who had been confined there a long while during the
winter, the fnow being fo deep, that they could not
travel. In fifteen days liwre we entered the Tutk-
i(h dominions on th': (ird Sunday in Lent, where
we found fevcral townsjfin which were mote Greeks
and Armenians than Mahometans.

The fecond Sunday in Lent, wc came to the head of
the Araxes, which rifesin a mountain, beyond which
there is a fine city, called Arzerum, and near it, on
thcnoitli, tho Euphrates has its fourccj but the

fnov/

<■

m'-' •