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 ■<(-j 
 
 McMASTER 
 
 UNIVERSITY 
 
 LIBRARY 
 
 ONTARIO HISTORICAL 
 SOCIETY COLLECTION 
 
 ..A 
 

 NEW AND 
 
 I 
 
 / 
 
 COMPLETE COLLECTION 
 
 VOYAGES and TRAVELS: 
 
 COKTAIKINQ 
 
 All that have been remarlutble from the earlieft Period to the prerent Time; and including not only the Voyages and Travsli 
 
 of the Native* of these Kingdom), but alio thofe of 
 
 France, Russia, Spain, Portugal, Germany, Italy, Turkey, 
 Denmark, Sweden, Holland, Switzerland, Prussia, &g. 
 
 WITH 
 
 An Account of the rife and Progrcft ofNAVioATiov among the Tariout Kationi of ihe Earth, and of the Difcoveiifi of tlie Tortuguere, EngUQ • 
 Dutch, and French, in Africa and the Eaft-lniliei, and ihofe of Columbut id the Weft-Indie>, and the Coniincnc'of America, 
 
 With the Relations of M A G H B L L A N , Drake, Can-dish, Anson, Dampier, and all the Circumnavigators, 
 
 Including a mod faithful Recital of the remarkable Voyages and Bifcoveries undertaken at the Expence of the PARLtAMENT of Great BaiTAiif. 
 
 and by Order of hit piciiit Majestv-Olorge III. in the Sovth-Si^as, by ibofc great and experienced Navigators, 
 BYRON, II CARTERET, li COOK, il fORSTER, 
 
 WALLIS, II FURNEAUX, | PARKINSON, I[ (^t. ifc. 
 
 TOGETHER WITH 
 
 An accurate Defcription of NEW HOLLAND, ZEALAND, O-TAHEITEE, TANNA, the SOCIETY, 
 FRI E N D L Y, and other w.i /y diJcTvtred Iflcs, and their Inhabitants. ^ 
 
 liikewife the Voy.ige of Mr. de BoucAiNviLtE to the SflttTH Seas, by Order of the French King, 
 
 ALSO' 
 
 An Ac cou N T of the Right Honourable Lord MULGRAVE*s Expedition, for th« 
 
 Difcovery of a PafTage towards the North- Pole. 
 
 and 
 
 A fuccinit Narrative of the V o v a o e s and Travel! undertaken for Difcoveries in the Northern Hemifjihcre by Oi«ler of he^ j 
 Moft Serene HIghnefs the prefent 'EMPRESSoFRUSSIAi 
 
 With a particular Defcription of the New Archipelago difcovercd in the Profecution of that Plan } 
 
 Comprehending an Extenfive Syftem of Geography, 
 
 Dcfcribing, in the moft accurate Maimer, 
 
 Every Place worthy of Notice, in Europe, AXn, Africa, and America! 
 
 ANOCOMPaiSINC .. 
 
 A full Difplay of the Situation, Climate, Soil, Produce, Laws, Manners, Cuftomi, &c. of the different Coimtries of the UuivcrTc. A fummarT 
 View of the various RcvoUitioni n'l Guvcrnmont or changes of Nature which they have undegonc, With a Difcuflion of fcve^'niaMBeok 
 of Nature hitherto unaccounted for liy Pliilofophcrs. 
 
 The whole exhibiting • View of x\tt pr^frni Siait of the VnU, and calculated to gire the Reader a clear Idea ot AtQayeraltf(t(,^Uey>,ttd < 
 InterclU, of all ilic iliD'cicni Inhabitants! Being the rcl'ult of unweaiicd Afliduity, alGfla|rilllflH|fjlii|lwfiti(i^ 
 
 By JOHN HAMILTON Ili^rORE, 
 
 MASTER pF THi ACAPEMY at HRENTFORD, and AUTHOR o» tm* PRACTICAL NAYIQ^fk'J^pR, M, 
 
 AflAca by IhiMcal 'Psatoxi who have made the Suajtcri at Varavta a4f Ta^viia their particular Srvk^. 
 £mbellilhcd with the moft fupcrb and elcgantSet of Copper- Plates, Slap*, Charts, PUns, Itc. (upwards of Ooe HundMd tn the Whole) that was 
 ever given with a Wotk of this Kind j engraved from the D*fig4 oTSonv/ »«*, Kfq. Mr. DtJJ, lie. hy Gf^>«, M^ttiri Rt»nlJ/in, Gt/Jar, 
 Tt^br, CtuMf and other Capital Mailers. < - , * 
 
 Ff 
 
 L O N D O Ni 
 Ptl^TBD roK TliKPROPR|BTORI» 
 
 And ^Id b7 4^£XANDER HOGG, «t N<ii i6, Patcc- 
 
^ '- , 
 
 ■ .^" 
 
 ,« 
 
 f 
 
 
 •■•Hfe-' 
 

 Miib 
 
 H 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 .1 
 
 TN Compliance with cuftom, which prefcribes the ceremony of a preface, and in 
 deference to the idea entertained by the generality of readers, that wc may not 
 break in upon them, as it were, abruptly, wc Ihall here offer a few words '-clativc to 
 the nature of this work. 
 
 Every one knows, that a coliedion of voyages and travels, merely confidercd as fuch, 
 has nothing in it of novelty j numbers of fuch compilations having been publilhcd from 
 time to time: among the mod remarkable, thofeof Hakluyt, Purchas, Harris, Churchill, 
 and fome more modern compilers, may be reckoned, whofo produdions, though it 
 would be very tedious to the reader, and a very difagrceable tafk to us, particularly to 
 cenfun', — yet truth compels us to fay, that on many accounts we cannot heartily ap- 
 prove of thcni : to prefent the public with a number of volumes, fwelled to an enor- 
 mous fize, and filled with trivial circumllances, compofed from the journals of fca- 
 men, or the memorandums of travellers, we do not conceive to be fuited to the fpirit of 
 an undertaking of this fort, where much matter ought to be comprifed in little fpace, 
 left the reader (liould be compelled to fpend a great deal of time in fcleding a few 
 pearls from an enormous dunghill. 
 
 Even thofe colledions which have bidden faireft for fucccfs, have generally been of 
 great bulk, and confequcntly exceeded in price the convenience of common pur- 
 chafers : nor is this allj the recent difcoveries made by our later navigators, and mor« 
 modern travellers, have opened a new field for curious difquifition ; and to give th* 
 fubftance of their narrations, muft prove a great addition to the fund of ufeful know- 
 ledge, treafured up in fiich a compilation. 
 
 All tliefc have been particularly attended to in the courfe of this work, thfi mate- 
 rials for which arc felcfted from the moft authentic accounts, and while it draws th« 
 ' line between the obftinacy of Incredulity, and the folly of Supcrftition, it omits na 
 fpecics of ufeful information! 
 
 6 WiA 
 
 «■ 
 
• 1 
 
 a THEPREFACE. 
 
 With regard to the method which we have laid down to ourfclves in profccuting 
 the plan propofcd, it is fimply this : to fcleft every thing worthy of notice from the 
 voluminous writers already mentioned, as well as from thofc of a more modern date, 
 including the voyages undertaken by order of his prefcnt Britannic Majcfty, and the 
 King of France, for making difcovcries in both hemifpheres. For the fake of perfpi- 
 cuity we fliall begin with the Voyages j which being finiHied, we (hall proceed 
 to the Travels ; and, to avoid endlefs repetitions, Hull place by thcmfclves thofe 
 defcriptions of countries, which, for brevity's fiike, will be fclcdtcd from the rela- 
 tions of voyagers and travellers, whofe more prolix accounts arc not given in the 
 courfe of the work. 
 
 The relation of voyages will begin with vhofe of Columbus and of Vafquez de Gamaj 
 after which will be found the accounts of all the circumiuivigators, and the voyages 
 of the Europeans to the EaA-Indics : the reft will follow in a general fucccflion, and 
 the dates will be affixed in the margin. 1 he reader will likcwifc find in the intro- 
 duiflion, a fummary account of the rife and progrefs of Nuvigation, together with . 
 feme other particulars not unworthy the atvention of thofc who would pcrufe the 
 fubfequent work for inflru^ion, .is well as amufcmcnt. 
 
 7 
 
 <i.. 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
■-* 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 MANKIND being intcmlcil by Proviilcnce for focial us well as ratioiril creatures, it feems to 
 have been the grand defign otGod and Nature, that after having niuliiplieil and ri-[)lenifhed 
 the earth, they (hould hold intereourle with each other, and thereby derive fuch iiuuual 
 advantages as without a miraculous intervention could never otherwife aril'e to any leiiarate 
 community. It may poflibly, be objected that it" this were realK the defign of I k-aven, men 
 would not have been fcattered at a dirtance from each other with intervening wikis, ilefarts, 
 mountains, and vail oceans to divide them. But, upon an examination of the dil'penfatiuns of 
 Providence, this fccming weighty objection will vanilh. Man is a Heing capable of improvi- 
 ment, and intended to be conllantly employed in exertions either of his corporeal or mental 
 faculties. It IS for the brute creation alone, to remain, from iheir full period of exillenee, in 
 their wilds and fordh, till death adimilates them with their original dull. Man has a nobler claim, 
 by arts enabled to remove the apparent obdacles of nature, to vifit dillant lands, and t'roni 
 experience to reap advantage and ufeful improvement, and, in all the various changes of the 
 world, ftill to find •mployment for his rational faculties, and means to occupy his indurtry. 
 
 The ftatc wherein wc now fee the terracjueous globe is not that which it always exhibited : 
 befides the general deluge fo fully defcribeil in fcripture, we have authentic accounts of parti;il 
 deluges, dreadful earthquakes, and other pliucnomenn, which from time to time have 
 wrought amazing changes on the face of the earth, levelling mountains, elevating valleys, 
 rending afunder vaft continents, producing new illands, burying vail trails of laml beneath tho 
 ocean, and caufing the fea in other places to retire, and the dry laml to appear. How far thefo 
 changes may have conduced to the feparation of mankind in fome places, and to the alFo- 
 ciattng them in others, is a matter, perhaps worthy the difcuflion of the philolophic.il enquirer. 
 VVhetner the various nations of the peopled earth were feparated by fuch vaft tradls of ocean in 
 the antediluvian world, is more than wc can take upon us to determine; but it feems clear that 
 after the general deluge, men were fearful of trultii\g thcmfelves upon the world of waters 
 even for ages, till by flow degrees they were convinced of the utility, when numbers had 
 experienced the advantages of a certain confined navigation peculiar to thofc ages. 
 •it wcnild be as tedious as ufelefs for us to take up too nuu h of the readers time with a detail 
 of the expeditions of all thedefceiulants of Noah, and the ."uin's of fabulous times, of which all 
 the accounts arc fo mixed with fable, that it is fcarcely i>Oi;i ji • tor the moll accurate invelligator 
 to diilinguifl) and fejiarate truth from error. Of this fort re the cxj>cdition of the Cretan 
 Jupiter againft the Sidonians, of I'erfeus into Africa againll Mcdufa, with others, too tedious 
 here to mention. The relation of the voyage of Jafon in the (hip Argo, faid to be the firft large 
 veflel built by the Greeks, is likewife immerfed in fabulous obfcurity : it is only to be concluded 
 that the Argonauts failed under a brave commander of the name of Jafon, to clear the feas of 
 pirates, and to cllablifti fome branches of ufeful commerce at Colchis and clfewhcre. 
 
 From all authentic hirtory, facred anil profane, we have reafon to believe that the Phccniciaas 
 were the firft, and for a long period of time the moll fuccefsful of the ancient navigators. W* 
 find the King of Tvrc, whole fubjedls were of that nation, artiftingKing Solomon with gold and 
 curious materials for building the famous temple at Jerufalem. — Though the virtue of the 
 magnetic needle was totally unknown in thofc days, ) et it is niorally certain that thtfe bold 
 navigators not only coafted along the neighbouring ftiorcs of the Mediterranean, but failed 
 Soutnward to Africa, and North as far as Britain, trading for tin to the coall of Cornwall, at a 
 time when the cxiflencc of this illand was not known to the greater part of the nations inhabiting 
 the continent. The Aflyrians, JE^\ ptians and other antient Hates arc reported to have had 
 
 treat fleets before the days of David or even of Moles. — The accounts of the naval power of 
 emiramis arc to be fufpctled as fabulous ; that the ^Egyptians and fome other nations have been 
 reprefented as covering the feas with their fleets, may probably have arifen from the numbers tit 
 Phoenician vcflels employed in their fervicc.— The Greeks who learned other arts from them, 
 actpiircd that of navigation among the rcll, and almoft as Ibon as they were formed into ilates, 
 began to think of making themlelves refpcdable for their fleets, with which they repeatedly 
 dcKated thofc of the Pernans, and while the Phoenicians were employed in trading and planting^ 
 colonies in various other parts of the world, made thcmfelves maftcts of the Eaficrn coails ot 
 the Mediterranean. 
 
 B Carthage, 
 
-W"^ 
 
 ti INTRODUCTION. 
 
 Carthage, a colony frotn Tyre, from fmall beginnings rofe to high cftinutloa for her naval 
 power, by which meani, in a gjreat meafure Ihc was enabled to contend with Rome for the 
 empire of the world. But the indifatigable induflry, unwearied application, and traundlcft 
 third of conqucll which marked the chara^er of the Romans, caufed them at lall to triumph. 
 Though at firft they were linle ikilled in maritime afTairs, to which their ancient geniiu had not 
 led them, yet finding themfelves thus powerfully on|)ofcd by a people whole great rcfourcei 
 were in trade, and wliofc naval (Irength contributed chiefly to their fiipport : they rcfblved oil 
 manning great fleets, in which, though at iirft they were unfuccefsful, they were M length 
 enabled to combat their enemies, as it were uiwn their own clement, and finally gave them fuch 
 a terrible overthrow as induced them to accejit of fuch a peace as the con(|uerors were difpofed to 
 grant.— The fleets at this time cOnfifted ot galleys of various fizcs, with feveral benches of 
 rowers, and were filled with foldiers who fought with their uAial weapons of war, tu which 
 were added various engines peculiar to their fituation, and fume of the galleys had towers, from 
 whence they fliotor threw darts, (tones and other miflliles. By the help of thefe, they could make 
 fafe approaches to the walls of towns in cfftiffivt war, and when attacked in their own vcl&lt 
 could carry on a deftntt as from land caflles. 
 
 But though the Romans by their alfiduitics had overcome great obftacles, and were become 
 the mafters at fca, yet we do not find that their genius led them towards </»/<:wrty.— Comjueft 
 engrofllil their ideas, and as the then known world had furniflied fufficiciit employment for their 
 arms, and put them in poflcflion of an empire, which was at lad tou cxtcnfive for them to 
 prefervc entire, they were little folicitous of penetrating farther, and exploring unknown 
 regions in the manner of the more modern Europeans. 
 
 The power which the Romans had thus wrcfted from the Greeks and Carthaginians they 
 prcfcrved till the divifion of the empire, after which, it began to decline. — The diftant provinces 
 revolted.— The nations (hook o(f the yoke of the comiucrors ; barbarians whofe names wer* 
 almoft unknown, poured in upon the various parts of the divided empire; Rome finking under 
 her own weight, was at laft facked by the Goths, and Conftantinople taken by the Saracens, 
 in the reign of Michael Pal;eoiogus, which event nut an end to the Eaftern empire. 
 
 From this period the Arabs began to date their cunfetiuence.— Though at firft apparently 
 enemies to learning and the arts, yet as they extended their power, they became encouragcrs of 
 them, and, while the deftruftion of the Weltern empire had involved Europe in ignorance and dif- 
 traftion, thefe people began to cultivate ufeful knowledge, and to carry on an cxtenfive trade with 
 divers nations, though in (hips of a very flight conftruaion. Nor did the divifion of the Arabian 
 Empire prove the extindion of this commerce, which lone furvived the deftru£lion of the 
 Khalifate, and the remains of which, were yet vifiblc to the Portuguefe when they entered the 
 Indian feas, along whofe coafts the pilots, it is faid, were found to have the ufe of fea charts, 
 and even that of the compafs, the difcovery of which, was then fo recent m Europe. 
 
 In the mean time the rival Republics of Genoa and Venice, were almoft the only powers that 
 attended to trade and navigation >n the Wcflern World, the crufades abroad, and the feudal 
 fvftcm which prevailed amongd the mod refpeAable powers at home, joined to their inteftine 
 divifions, proving moft unfavourable to the arts, and prolonging that night of ignorance, 
 whofe (hades began to be difpelled about the fifteenth century. The conqueds of Jenghiz 
 Khan, and the wars of the fucceflbrs of Saladin, as well as thofc of Tamerlane, had fucccflively 
 kept Afia in a ferment ; and the two Republics maintained their naval confequence, till the 
 Venetians at length prevailed, and fecured to themfelves the fovereignty of the inner feas.— - 
 Before a way to India was opened by the Cape of Good Hope, the great market for fpices, 
 drugs, and other valuable commodities of the Ead, was fixed at the city of 'Malakka, from 
 whence they were fetched for the ufe of the Wedem nations as far a* the Red Sea.— But the 
 difcoveries of the Portuguefe turned the channel of this trade, and in eflTcdt proved fatal to the 
 wealth and power of the Venetians, which had for a long fuKcflion of years been at once the 
 wonder, and the envy of Europe. 
 
 It is to the direaive power of the magnetic needle, fird difcovcrcd about the year 1300, 
 that this change may properly be attributed. Who was the author of this difcovery is 
 uncertain ; but it is generally afcribed to an inhabitant of Amalfi, in the kii^dom of Naples, 
 of whofe name there is no authentic account.— Indeed, whoever the perfon was, his claim could 
 "~" be only as a mere difcoverer of this property, which was not applied till about the year 1405, 
 
 by the Portuguefe for the purpofcs of navigation. * 
 
 Prince 
 
 * The bafSfii or magnet, ai fome (ay, was firil found in Magnrfia, a country of Lydia ; accordin|f to oihcrt. 
 Mm Magnefiani wen only the fiill who dil'coTered iti propcny of attnkling iron. It ia well known to hare two polei. 
 Which conftaatlr iBcHnc to thole of the world, if nothing intervene to alter their direAion. This property is (bund (O 
 kt communicable, and hence th« nautical needle once property touched points conftantly towards the pole, unleA 
 fome mafs of interpofinv iron, or fomcwhat of a magnenc nature, intcrpolcs to prevent its direction. The caufe of thU 
 srondeifulcfled U one m thole (ecreta which it has pleafed Heaven hitherto to conceal from the prying fearchen into 
 natuie's volame. TUs wooder is augmeated by another, namely, the different vtriatioai Of the compafs, which are 
 found by obferving the fun tad ftait, and appmr not to be guided by parallels of latituidt. nor regulated by meridians t 
 fome have attributed this to certain maneiic qualitiet ia certain mountains : fome to a pnnciple of magnetifm ui thi 
 earth coiaBiunicabie from the pole in <u(!eicat demca, tt different dillances.— But what tends to overthrow theft 
 mrious opinions, and feema almoft to modi conieaure, it a variation of the variation itfclf, as it continues not the 
 liim* at all time* even in the (hale fitualiooi. ° On the whole, from whatlbcver hidden poweit in nature the caufe of 
 m^netiiJB oriciBatta, it ia to iti fSidt, at employed in firaning the laaiiMrt compaA, that noaUad owe tht dUiwTcqr 
 •f a tfmyvom. 
 
i^Mla 
 
 K. 
 
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 t N T R 
 
 D U <J T I O N. 
 
 Prince Henry, third fon of Kjng John of Portugal, returning from the ficgc of Cciita, conctivcJ 
 fuch a violent acfirc of making new dilcoverics that he fpcnt ni-ar lo vcms in tMufing attempts of 
 that nature to be nude, in the profecution of which he appeared to nave at heart, a filuiue for 
 rcftoring the trade with Afia, by finding out a palTagc round Africa to the WrU Indies, wliich 
 mull neceirarily divert it from its old channel, and prove moll beneficial to thofc who firll ae- 
 compliihed the arduous undertaking. 
 
 It feemi that the prince wu the more encouraged to proceed in iii^ fchemc I))' the inforrnation 
 of certain Moon, concerning the fituation of the Southern coalh of Africa, of which no Ku- 
 ropcan adventurers had any knowledge, none of them having ventured beyond Cape Nao, lb 
 called from being confidered as the utmoft boundary of their navigation toward that <iuarier of 
 the globe. But no ubltaclcs appearing futiicicnt in the eves of I'rincc Henry, who every ilay j^rew 
 more bent upon his dcfign, in the year 1417, he caufed two vcllcls to be fitted out for the pur- 
 pofc of difcovcry ; they ran 60 leagues beyond Cape Nao to Cape Wojador, where being dil- 
 couragcd by a Iwelling fea, breaking on the fands, they returned, and the Prince fent out, i^iS; 
 Juan Gonzales Zarco, and Trillan Vaz Teixeira, gentlemen of his houlhold, in a fmall Ihip, 
 with orders to coaft along the coaft of Barbury, till they had palled the Cape, and tlilcover all 
 the land which the Arabs faid reached beyond the equinodlial line : but their veflel was driven 
 by a ilorin out of her courfe, till, accidentally, they made an ifland which they called Puerto 
 Santo, or Holy Ifland, on account of their deliverance. The prince, on their return, plcafeJ 
 with their difcovcry, lent them thither again, together with Bartholomew Perellrello, with cattle; 
 as alfo corn and plants ; but the intention was defeated by the fecundity of a couple of rabbits, 
 thofc aaimals multiplying fo exceedingly, as to deftroy what was planted ; and thus a cir- 
 cumllance fo trifling, rendered the projett of a fettlemcnt abortive. The year following, the 
 fiunc gentlemen made another voyage, in which they difcovered the ifland of Madeira, where 
 they found a chapel, tomb, and ftone, ercdlcd by an Englifliman, who, flying from his country 
 with a woman whom he loved, was driven thither by ftrclsof weather j the fliip taking advrantagc 
 of a favouring gale, having left the young couple behind them.* The land being covered with 
 woods, the Portuguefe fet fire to them, to clear it : thefe are faid to have burned lor feven years, 
 and when the ifland was at lad fettled, wood became one of the fcarcefl articles in the country. 
 — A courfe of time being ncceflary for furnilhing the new fettlemcnts, it was not till 15 years 
 afterwards that Gilianez paflcd the dreadful Cape Bojador, beyond which he failed jo leagues, 
 and the year following, proceeded 12 leagues farther, returning with a quantity ot fea wolves 
 ikins, but, on their landing, the inhabitants fled for fear of them, and could not be perfuadcd 
 to return. 
 
 Prince Henry (lill continuing to purfue his plan, Antomr Gonzales, in the year 1442, by his 
 order, coaflcd as far as Cape Blanco. Nunho Tridan pafling dill further, difcovered one of the 
 iflands of Arguim, called Adcget, and another, which they named E)e Los Garzas. 
 
 Dinis Fernandez, in 1447, difcovered Cabo Verde, or Cape Verde; but venturing up the 
 river which the Spaniards called Rio Grande, he was cut off by the natives, as were mod of his 
 followers. 
 
 Alvaro Fernandez afterwards failed 40 leagues farther ; and thus Prince Henry had the fatis- 
 fa^ion of feeing his plans fucccffively executed, till death removed him in the midd of them » 
 after which they were purfued by his nephew, Alfonfo V. in whofe reign Gonzalo de Velio, 
 difcovered the iflands called Azores, which are eight in number, viz. St. Michael, St. Mary, 
 Jcfus, or Terefa, Graciofa, Pico, Fayal, Flores, and Corvo, lying nearly in the fame latitude 
 with Liflxin. 
 
 The next year the iflands of Cape Verde were difcovered by Antonio Nole, a Genocfe, in the 
 fervice of Portugal. Thefe iflands lie about too leagues to the Wedward of Cape Verde, and 
 are called Brava, Boavida, du Sal, S. Nicholao, S. Lucia, S. Vincent, and S. Antonio : he alfa 
 found the ifles Maya, and S. Philip, and S. Jacob. 
 
 In 1 47 1, John de Santeren and Peter de Efcobar, went to the place called Mina, on account 
 of the gold trade there, and proceeded from thence to Cape St. Catharine. The fame year Fer- 
 dinand Po, found out an ifland which he called Hcrmofa, a name which it has fince lod, but 
 retains that of him who difcovered it. About the fame time the iflands S. Thomas, Anna Bom» 
 and Principe, were difcovered. 
 
 It was at this period the King of Portugal took upon him the title of Lord of Guinea.— It had 
 heretofore been the cwflom to let up wooden croflcs in the new difcovered countries, but this 
 prince ordered that done ones fliould be in future ereded by the captains, whereon his own nams 
 and theirs were to be infcribed. The fird of thefe captains was called Cam : paffing Cape 
 Catharine, he came to the river Congo, failing up which, he found by the figns of the blacks, 
 that they had a king, who lived at a didance from the fea coad. This being all the information 
 he could get, he returned home ; where being arrived, and bringing fome of the natives with 
 him, King John gave them many prefents, and ordered Cam to proceed again to Congo, and 
 endeavour the converfion of the people, who were all heathens.— In this he happily fucceeded, 
 and returning to Congo, being admitted to the King of that place, perfuaded him to fend 
 6 fom* 
 
 ** The Uiy died roon afterwardij and Machtin, With Mi cOmptnioM, having ptid thti tribute to her memory, roado 
 • boM out of the rrunk of ■ tree, in which without ftUp, or oan, he fiSti vm t» A&i«a i th« Moon pitfeoted hiai 
 r* their kio{, who lent him to Ac King of Caftile. 
 
 144^ 
 
 1484. 
 
'-v^ 
 
 VUl 
 
 I N T 
 
 D l) 
 
 I o N. 
 
 S 
 
 Ionic of the foiiH of hii chief nun to Portugal, to be l>nj»rifal and inftruAed in ilio pilncijilc* of 
 the chrilliim ri'li^ioiu 
 
 Sohu' rinu' aftir, rhc King of Ittnin, a tcrriforv fimntc bctwien fort St. Gcnrer and Coneo. 
 .........i:..» • A.f, I .....^...1 i..:n:.._:... ,• i _.ti ._ .l . •.•• P.. i •; 
 
 n Ihifl", with a iu-ail und a irol'*, like that of Malta s i»«t addrd, that thi- |Krf<>iii nciiving tlulV, 
 mviT were ;illovMil tu Ulioltl hi* face, his foot only iKiiig put out from behind u curtain, in 
 token of iiis gruntini; their rcquell. 
 
 The wonderful account* of a certain prince called Prcfter John, reigning in thofe parti, be- 
 ing ai that tiiiie airrent in Kuro|ic, King John concUuled ihi* nuirt be that very extraordinary 
 perfon;^e. — To farinty hinifelf in thi« particular, a« well as to get fome account of India, I'etef 
 lie Covdiain, and Alimfo de Papa, were font over land for intelligence: by wav of Grand 
 Cairo, they went to Toi- on the coall of Arabia, where they feparated, Covillani fctting out for 
 India, and Payva, for Kthiopia, l>oth agreeing to meet again at Grand Cairo, by a certain ap. 
 pointed time ; the former prtKeeded to Canauor, Calicut and Goa, pafling from thence to So- 
 tala, and afterwards to Aden, at the Mouth of the Red Sea, on the fulc of Arabia ; wh/.n, 
 coming at lart to Grand Cairo, he fouiul the companion of his travels was no more j from hence 
 he lent the king an account of his proceedings by a Jew come from Portugal, and afterwards went 
 into I-thiopia, where he was kintlly entcnaincd, but from whence he was never permitted to return. 
 At the lame time that thefe fct out by land, Bartholomew Diaz put to lea, with three (hips : 
 lie difcovered the mountains called Serra I'rada, and ynffvii on in light of a bay, which he 
 named Dt lu I'aqutnt, on ;H:count of the great herds ot cattle, that he faw there; he touched 
 nfterwards at the illand of Santa Cru7., entered the movith of the river del Infante, and at lalt 
 came to the famous Cape which is the utmort Southern boun<lary of Africa : to this Cape he 
 ;ave the name of Tornientolb, on account of the llorms which he there met with. But King 
 ohn changed the apj>cllati»n to that of Cabo dc Buena Ulpcran/.a, on account of the hopes he 
 entertained of difcmering a pallage rouinl it by fea to the liall Indies : however this (which wa« 
 of more confecpicncc than finding out I'rtller John's donvnions) did not take place in 
 the reign of King John, who, having fixed the Portugucfc dominion in Guinea, died, and was 
 luccceucd by King Emanuel. 
 
 It was in the reign of this monarch that Vafqucz de Gama, being intmftcd with the command 
 of three (hips and a tender, palled the Ca|>c, and made his wav to India by ii::\ : previous ru 
 which, ChnfVopher Columbus, had failed to the Weft Indies ; the new world was thus difco- 
 vered, and the conipied of Mexico and Peru followed in confetiuence of that difcovery. 
 
 In 1 4\)4, Sebaftian Cabot difcovered North America, in the reign of King Henry VII. of Eng- 
 land.— In the year 1 500, Brafil was firrt found out by Peter Alvarez Cabral, who was fent on an cx- 
 {Kdition with 1 200 men, to gain footing in In<lia, but was driven by a llorm on that part of the coalt 
 of South America ; and, in 1510, Ferdinand Maghellan found a pall'age from the Wcilcrn to the 
 Southern ocean, by thofe Straits which have < vcr fince borne the name of tneir unfortunate difcoverer. 
 The wa)' thus oitcned, each fucceedin^ period fumilhed new difcoveries of the EngliHi, the 
 Dutch, the French, and in cfti-i>, all the nations of Europe, whole fituation would i>ermit them ; 
 eagerly followed the example of the fuccefsful Portugucfc and Spaniards, who, equally jcalou* 
 of them, and of each other, took all manner of pains to prefenc their dominion where they had 
 cained footing, ami as much as iHilTible to thwan alt thole who atlopted the ulan of making new 
 difcoveries. But notwithftan<ling this, we find the Dutch, at various perioils, bxjfy in fettling 
 thcmfelves in India, and fecuring the poireOicn of the fpice trade. In 1600, an Englilh Eaft- 
 India companv, was eftablilhed by Queen Elizabeth) fettlcircuts in Afia were alfo obtained. A 
 ercat part of the continent of North America, firft difcovered by SebaAian Cabot, wat alfo peopled 
 after that time bv Britilli fubje^ts : nor were the French idle, they alfo got footing in Afia, 
 the Weft-Indies, and North America, in fpite of all the obftacles that at firlt appeared to hinder 
 them; while the Portuguefe and Spaniards, ef{Kcially the latter, often found themfelvcs much 
 cmbarra^ed to prcfervc their new |>olleflions. A nallage being ojK-ned from the Atlantic to the 
 South Sea, by Cape Horn, and the Straits of Maghellan, and the poflibility of circum-navigating 
 the globe, which before exifted in idi-a, confirmed by experience, the fettlcments on the 
 coafts of the Pacific Ocean were exiH)fetl to allkults from enemies whom the Spaniards little cx- 
 ncded to vifit them in thofe feas, the richesof the new world being alone fulficient rocxcite them 
 to fuch an undertaking. Drake, Candifti, ami others, following the track, afterwards 
 failed round the world, and to their difcoveries much has been added l>y more rnodern naviga- 
 tors. But as all thefe, together with all that is found remarkable in the relation of voyagers and 
 travellers will be found at large in the following flieets, we forbear to dwell upon them 
 here having alreadv given the reader a view of the rife and progrefs of the «rt of navieation, 
 and a fumniary account of the undertakings oi thofe firft adventurers, whofe names will ever 
 
 be had in remembrance. - , . , . , .^ ,/• . . • • 1. .1. 
 
 Having finilhcd this (ketch, we fliall now proceed with the work itfelf, bcginmng with the 
 voyages of Chriftopher Columbus and Vafcpicz dc Gama, w hole difcoveries form an (Bra the molt 
 remarkable in the hiftory of navigation, as they firft poured the treafurcs of the Eaftern and 
 Wcftcm world into the lap of Europe, and thereby laid th« foundation ot her prefcnt gnindcur 
 and refinement. ^ VOYAGES 
 
^ 
 
 *%- 
 
 4 
 
 i 
 
 VOYAGES 
 
 2^ 
 
 > 
 
 AMD 
 
 TRAVELS. 
 
 UA 
 
 THE FIRST VOYAGE OF CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS. 
 
 CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS, who 
 adtkd a fourth quarter to the world hy hii 
 dircoverie* toward) the latter end of the 
 fiUcciith century, was a native of Genoa, 
 1)1' unoertitin parentage, but of confvOed 
 ali.liries. He had a ftiong propiiifity to the ftudy of 
 niiv'ijation, early in life he difcovcred an inclination 
 to nuthcmitical refcarches, and had been employed 
 in trading vnyages to divers parti of the world before 
 he attempted to fet out upon this grand difcovcry. 
 Hit motives to the undertaking, according to his own 
 account, were the following : Firft, 1 nc figure of 
 the earth fuggeftod to him the probability that there 
 mud be fomc counterbalance of land, toanfwcr to the 
 vaii trad of ocean which appeared to furround the 
 habitable world. Secondly, He greatly relied upon 
 fome hints of this kind, which he thought he tr:wed 
 in feveral ancient writers, at veil as on the observa- 
 tions which he himfelf had made in the courfe of foi.ie 
 of his own voyages. Thefc were confirmed hy thofe 
 of other navigators, among whom was on« who 
 mentioned a large ifland, which he faid he had dif- 
 ccArered to the wcftward of Ireland, fince fuppofed to 
 be Newfoundland. One Martin Vincent, who ufed 
 to fait to the Azores, is faid to have lold Columbus, 
 that being 450 leagues to the wcftward of Cape St. 
 Vincent, he took up a piece of timber which leemed 
 to be wrought by fome artifan, but apparently, with- 
 out the help of iron. Peter Correa, who haa married 
 Columbus^ wife's fifter, reported that he had fecn 
 another piece of the fame fort at Puerto Santo, and that 
 there had alfo been canes found fo thick that every joint 
 would hold a gallon of wine, which were fliewn to the 
 king of Portugal. Such canes being eenerally found in 
 India, concurred with other circumilance* to infpirc 
 Columbus with the notion of Ciiling wcftward to the 
 Eaft Indies i which, if no intervening lands obftruAed, 
 he concluded there was a moral certainty of accom- 
 pliOiing. The calling upof pines and dead bodies at the 
 Floras, which latter, by their fieatures, filmed to have 
 been the inhabitants of fome remoter region, tended 
 ftill farther to confirm him in his opioion. 
 
 PoflefTed with the rcfolution of making the experi- 
 racnt, he firft propofed the matter to his coutUvmen 
 the Genoele, by whom it was rejeAed. He thtll ad- 
 dicfled himfelf to the King of Portugal, in Whofe 
 domiqloiia he livwlt uid where he had married ami in- 
 tended to ftttle. But tiMt monaich feemed e«tteihely 
 backward tocii|aM in fuch an eittenfive mtdertakinK. 
 The reafiMU urged were, that bit Mijcfty had aktady 
 been at gtctt expenoe in fendinK pcrfont to make 
 dircoverica along the African cow, anl to find out 
 an eaftcm paffiige to the In^ln bjr fNi, vitltoM hMring 
 Vot. I. N« I. J ■ 
 
 reaped the expeAed advantages i and that there ap< 
 peared little profpc^t of attaining the end by an ex- 
 pedition tu the wi-ftward where frefli difficulties and 
 dangers would arife, fince after all the labour ih^t 
 had Dcen beftoweil on the favourite fchcme of the Por« 
 tuKUcfe, carried on fince Prince Henry's time, there 
 had not been fouml any navigators yet fucrcfsful enough 
 to we.ithcr the Cane of Good Hope, and fpread their 
 fails upon the Indian Ocean. 
 
 However plaufible this reafoning might feem, it 
 appeared in the fequd, that his Portucuefc Majefty 
 was not fo much bent agiiinft a expedition o( thil 
 fort, as he was averfc to employing Columbus 1 for, 
 by the advice of fume who (harvJ his confidence, the 
 king fecretly caufcd a vclfcl to be fitted out, which 
 was fent to difcovcr what fomc, in jcft, had termed 
 Columbus's world 1 but for w.int ofcoiiflancy and a 
 proper idea of what courfe to take, the fchcme mif- 
 carried, and thole who had thus been fent to circum- 
 vent the firft propofer, returned withort having cf-. 
 fe£)cd anything, and fully convinced that there could 
 be no lands to the weftward beyond thofe already dif- 
 covcred i becaufe they had nut the fortune to find 
 them out. 
 
 Columbus being informed of what had pafled, was Columbui 
 fo much difguftcd at this duplicity, that (his wife l°>vit Potiu* 
 being already dead) he determined to leave Portugal, (*'■ 
 and accordingly departed privately from that kingdom, 
 taking with him his fan James, and proceeded to 
 Caftiie. Then, having left the child in a monaftery at 
 Palot, he went to Cordova, where the SpanilK court 
 then waSf and where he recommended himfelf by his 
 knowledge and abilities to the notice and friendfliip of 
 feveral perfons whom bethought moft likely tu favour 
 his fcheme, which he intended to propofe to the 
 reignine princes King Ferdiiund and Queen Ifabclla. 
 But left he fliould meet with another repulfe in 
 Spain, in order that no time might be loft, he difpatched 
 his brother Bartholomew to England to make propofalf 
 to King Henry VII. but hit meflenger Killing into 
 the hands of pirates, and afterwards not getting a 
 <pecdy audience of the king, thefe ami other circum- 
 flances occafioned Columbus no longer to rely upon 
 the EngliOi, who might otherwife have inlured to 
 themfelves the Weft India iflands and moft probably 
 a lafting Eiiglifh eftablilhment in South Atnerica. 
 
 The application at firft intcttdcd was now made to 
 their Catholic Majefties, but tto matter beihg refsrred 
 to. certain Spanifh coTmogtaphers, by the prior of 
 Brado, afterwards archbil£>p of Grenada, whom the 
 kinc had thoueht fit to confuli upon the occafioiri 
 thcie men whole ideas were by no means fo extcnfive 
 ai thoft of Golumbut, gave their opinions agairdl the 
 C expedition. 
 
''^v 
 
 THE 
 
 FIRST 
 
 VOYAGE OF 
 
 1402 Mrpcdit?bil» urging « vaficty orTiitilc rtitfbn^i • Which 
 ^ V ■ ' however, hail ib much weight with the cnurt, that 
 after a tnlious and rniitlcrs attendance, hcircccivcd Tcir 
 aafwcr, that their Majcllics were then To much en- 
 gaged in their wars with the Moors, that they could 
 not attend to any new undertaking : and in the end 
 it was fignitied to him, that they would not liflen to 
 the propofals which the piojeAof of. the f-henic 
 offered tHcm. 
 
 In effeiit, after many conferences, Columbus, for 
 that time, received a flat refufal, though the Duke:. 
 Medina, Celi, and other perfons of note were by this 
 time become his advocates: live years having been 
 thus walled in folicitations, he at lall refolvcd to leave 
 Spain as he had quitted Portugal. He therefore fet out 
 for the i.ionaftery of Palos, to take his fon from thence^ 
 but there F. Jp'n Here/, pcrAiadcd him once more to- 
 apply to their Cltholic M^jiAies, then carrying on 
 the fiege of Grenada. He was prevailed on to do fo ; 
 t)Ut his terms t being difapproved, hercfumed his rcfo- 
 Ijltion of leaving the country, and was got two leagues, 
 on his way, whtn the queen fcnt to rccal him. He 
 lobeycd the fummons, and her Majefty having refotved 
 to gratify his dclirc, even to the pledging of her jewels, 
 an agreement fully to his fatisfadion wK.drawn up, 
 at the camp of St. Faith, before the town of Gren.-ida, 
 on the 17th of April in 1492. 
 
 All things being thus adjufted, it wias not long 
 before the proper preparations were made for that 
 vayagc, which Was to determine whether the opinion 
 of Cfolumbus were the reveries of an enthufiaftic 
 dreamer, or Were fuch as originated in a depth of com- 
 prehenfion, and defcrved the cncouraganant of the, 
 princes of the eartht 
 Columhtis With a flcej confifting only 6f three caravels the 
 
 cmharksoiihii^Jinlrjl f^t out from Palos, on Friday the ad of 
 ««Veaition. ^yg„j^^ himfelf commanding the St. Maria, and 
 Martin Alonfo Pinfon the Pinta, of whi<ih his bro- 
 ther Francifco was mailer, the third vefTel, called the 
 Kinna, was under the condufl of Vincent Y*iineZ| 
 Pinfon ; and all the three Caravels contained no? 
 above 120 mtn. They arrived at the Canaribs 'dW 
 the nth of the fame month, without any o^hcr kcci.; 
 dent except that of the Pinta"s rudder breaking lodfe j 
 and having rcfrcflied themfelvcs at Gomera, on the 6th 
 ' of September dtparted from thofe iflands. Moft of 
 the failors loft their fpirts When they loft flght of the 
 land} Columbosj however* h:-illured thera, and 
 whenever they talked of danger, difiourfed of ridhes 
 and honours, by which means, together with making 
 it a conftant rule to falfify the reckoning In fliiiha 
 manner as that the marirters might not imagine thdm- 
 fclvcs fo diftant from home as they really were, he 
 contrived fVom time to time to keep them quiet. On 
 the 14th of SeptemlKr he firtt obferved the variation 
 of the compafii ; two days after they faw' weeds Aoatr 
 ing on the water, and fomc fmall animals aiive among 
 them, and as they proceetird, obferved fev«ral flight* 
 of birds holding their courfc weftwWrdi 
 
 Thefe favourable figns c6ntinuing for Tome days,, 
 but no land appcafing, the mariners wtrc loud in 
 li.e ftjmcn complaints .tgainft the admiral, who, they faid, in, 
 tiiuroiur. the vain cxpeftation of gratifying his own avarice; 
 and ambition had brought them thither to be ftafved 
 to death or fwallowcd up by tl»e mercllefs OCCan. 
 They added, that having already done more thah 
 could be txpcAed, in venturing lit far, it were better 
 they fliould rtturn, and in cafe of oppofltion froin 
 Columbus, kmii'at them were of opinion, that, like 
 
 lead of 
 rfumg^^ 
 
 • One of th« reifont ■Hedged wit, tint if inj m«n ftinuM 
 fill ftrait iwiv wtllwtrd beyond the known hrmifplieic, Iw 
 wotittl go down, 9» accouDi .cf the ntuodky of tlic cat 1I1, toil 
 would never return >K>in, (ince to •nem|X ic waiiU be like ■ 
 veirel'i climbing a hill, which tuuld not li« done by the 
 ftionnngalc. 
 
 t Thtf.- wrmi vftti, " Tim lie Pwulil b* (itrtfriKon the 
 « occaiit tliU all eivil cm)iluynicnii n well of government •■ 
 •• adini:iinrauon of lull ice in all ilic landt dilcoVfred llioald k< 
 " v«l)oily at bit dilpolal, ami ilut all coveriwe'i of Moeincei 
 '• Didulif be cliofen out u>' one nf clirn petfArii «'h6ni M Aioulil 
 ■• naiiMf^d Uwt be llMwld a^'point jtidgec is all {bid al 
 
 another Jona<i, he fliould be thrown ovtrbocrd to fa- 
 cilitate their project. 
 
 The aJitiir;,!, who was not i;>norant of their mtir- 
 miiiiiigs, ftill tarried himfilf with ileadintfs and re- 
 folution, fomclimes ufing foothing words, foiiietimek 
 more ftcrnly reproving them, vvit'n a fcCret dcter- 
 min.ition of proceeding at ail eirtnts uiion the >xpt- 
 dition, which .lie doubted not in the end would an- 
 ther his cxpcjtitions. He failed not always to put 
 them in mind of the good figiis which they had fecn, 
 but thelc had fo frequently dif.ippoiiitcd the failors, 
 that they began to give litile credit to fucli tokens. 
 
 Oh the 25th, Pinfon, whofc veflel was a-head of 
 the rcll, thought he difeovcred land, but this prg 
 an illulion. On (landing all night toward^ 
 quarter where he thouj-ht he had perccivvd it, in 
 morning it,was found thcAtet had been only purfumg^ 
 a ridge of Cftotflls, which ■grpatly ;idded to tlie admiral's 
 cmbarrairmcnt, r.s v/ell a^ to their vexation. 
 
 A: lall, when the patience of the feamen was ex- 
 haullcd, and Columbus himfelf, to pacify them» 
 talked of reluming, in cafe land was not difeovcred in 
 three uays, at the liime time oflering thirty crowns a 
 year to the difcoverer; juft at thiscrifis, on the night 
 of the iith of Oilober, the admh-al beinr then in his The a.'miril 
 cabin, thought he faw a linht, and callciTtwo of his "I'f""'" '•"<*. 
 men to obfcrve it, but it Jifappeared prefcntly, and 
 left them in fomc uncertainty, till about two the nent 
 mttrning. When P.odcric dc "Iriana, of the Pinta, gave 
 the fiijilal agreed on, being then at the diftancc of two 
 leagues from the (hor'e. When day-light appcar«d, 
 they found it to be an ifland about 15 leagues in 
 length, the ground level, covered with trees anil 
 verdure, a lake of good water in the niiddh;, and well 
 inhabited. This proved to be one of the Lucayos, 
 which was Called Guanahani by the natives, but to 
 which Columbus gave the name of San Salvador -.S*" SaWadot 
 landing herewith his men in fight of a multitude of the '''f"""*' 
 natives, who ftood on the ftiotr in filent admiration : 
 he took pofleifEmi Of the place in the name of their 
 Catholic Majefties. 
 
 Perceiving the ptraple to be 6f a peaceable and 
 fricnJ.y difpofition, he made them fome fmall pre- 
 fents, and afterwards began to barter with them, ex- 
 changing glafs beads and fuch toys, for fruits, parrots, 
 fpun cotton, and more valuable things. The Indians 
 were naked, of amiddlcfize, and olive complexion, but 
 iMintett according to their particular fancies. 7 hey had 
 fmall plates of gold hanging at their nollrlls, which 
 they laid came from a laud to the fisuthward, where 
 that precious metal was to be foiind in abundance. 
 Thefe Indians took the Ihips fbi'llviog creatures, re- 
 verenced the Span'irds as lupcritM' beings, and being 
 totally ignorant of ihe ufe of iron and fuch kind ^ 
 Weapons as their new guifts wore, they innocently 
 laid their hands on the edges of thofc ^ord« that 
 were afterwards employed in the deftrutSion of fuch 
 numbers of their countrymen. 
 
 The intelligence the Spaniards had received con- 
 cerning a country where gold abounded, contributed 
 to haftcn their departure from San Salvador, from 
 whence they accordingly fet fail on Sunday the 15th 
 of OAober, and at the dlftance of feven leagues, dif- 
 trovercd an iRand which they called St. Maria de la 
 Concention, where every thing fo nearly refembled CoietpticA. 
 what they had feen at St. Salvador, that they did not 
 think fit to make any long ftay there, hut weighing 
 anchor in the 17th proceeded wcftward, where they 
 found another ifland, which was bigger than the two 
 , former. 
 
 % 
 
 Tern 
 Ifabc 
 
 Cuh 
 
 m 
 
 I 
 
 i':: 
 
 Spain trailing 10 tlic tndiii, to drcid« iMitcrt tclating to ihofe 
 
 ■tint. And that he Oiould have one «inth of all tkatwru 
 
 bnuitliti bartered for, or tuiuid' tritkirf'Shd HmitaaC hk'ad- 
 
 ' miraliy, ovcrnd above th^faVy and pee^ttiOieicf kit ca* 
 
 pinyifleat." Due tu fiicw lUi be wai williiic 10 veotura fome- 
 
 ihing on bit own tetOdnt, 'oB'enniliiion arnrtlng the eigbtla 
 
 pan of what he miglM^ brtr^ home in lii<-<lNtt' Itrkfmd 10 lie 
 
 M the eifthth'pan of-ili< Mtpcnct of th« uadwoklig. TWe 
 
 were Ugh dfii(||«di,.lniiiltejMtanlfc«iaa la hi«-» beta adeqaiae 
 
 to ib(<ie,enalt^whi<lv are fpniut recitcl and^ uranttdby their 
 
 CaiKblirWiJillia^M' Avii ijirittal ifti't hit (enin Ira* bi^ 
 
 6rrt Taj'aic. 
 
CHRISTOPHER COLUMDUS. 
 
 hninctiiii, 
 IftUllt. 
 
 Cub*. 
 
 he i(*mira| 
 fcovcrt laud. 
 
 n Salfidot 
 Isortni. 
 
 
 ■i^; 
 
 ciptico. 
 
 former, whort the women wor^ fliort coats of cotton, 
 rraching from their navcU to the mid-tliiuh, whicli 
 was the whole of their drcfs. To this the admiral 
 rave the name of Fernandiiia ; and departing from 
 tncnpe, -lifcovcrcd another, which he called Iliibella ; 
 Chcfe two latter appellations being given in honour of 
 the king and queen of Spain. And he fct fail as foon 
 M he bad k'vncd itsprodutS^ and the manners of the 
 people, Wt chufing to fcend any more tin\e ainongft 
 ■Hands which he found <o nearly fimilar to each other, 
 i'he licet next proceeded to Cuba, where the 
 Spaniards cxpcAcd to get farther intelligence con- 
 cerning tlic gold which was the principal objcft of 
 their lewch. Two Chriftians were fent with two 
 Indians, the one from St. .Salvador, and the other 
 ^em tlut country, to fcarch the ifland. On their 
 return they reported that they had fcen a town con- 
 lilting of »bout fifty houfes, where they were well 
 treated, the new guefts being reverenced as deities by 
 the people. _ Here they faw cotton growing, as alio 
 many ftrange birds and trees, and an animal refcm- 
 ))lin£ a dog, but which could not bark. I'he Indians 
 Ijcing oucRioned whether they had any gold or pearls 
 in their country, made figns that plenty of thofc 
 commodities was V> he found in a place called Bohio, 
 and Columbus following their diredlions as well as he 
 could underftfind them, having feizcd twelve of the 
 natives, tri carry them with them to Spain, fteered 
 caftward till he reached the ifland which is now called 
 jHifpaniou, from the Spanifli appellation of Efpag- 
 nola, given it by theadmintl. 
 „, . , This ifland is about fixteen leagues diflant from 
 
 Krpaiuoli. Q,^ ,|jj firjt pjyt of ^hich CoFumbus called St. 
 Nicholas, becaufe he anchored there on the feftival 
 of that faint. Here he took a young woman, whom 
 they treated well, ai)^ who proved very ferviceable 
 to them ^afterwards, and the natives having a high 
 .opinion of the 3p3niards, who had hitherto treated 
 tncm yvcll, the new comers ftill found thcmfelvcs 
 honoured aivl .refpe£led wherever they came A 
 ipuflcipal cacique, called Guacanaeari, conceived a 
 ^fong^edion for. his new guefts, which he difplayed 
 on fcvecal occafions, efpccially by ordering all pof- 
 fihle .ai&ftsnce to be given to Columbus when 
 jbme of bis iqiiriners through ignorance had run one 
 •f the {^ravels upon the flats. Another veflel, which 
 Wtf commanded by Alonfo Pinfon, had left him 
 while at Cuba,.and gone in fcarch of Hifpaniola be 
 foj-e him, underftanaing that there was gold to be 
 . found there, the arfatm flure of which he thought 
 . to fequre to himftif by this proceeding. Neverthefefs 
 the adipiral, when he met rum afterwards at fea, did 
 4l0t.held.it prud^t to tjdce notice of what had paflcd, 
 hut chofe to accept e-tcufes which he could not bc- 
 liave, r^itherth^n to enter into any altercation with 
 .him upon the fubjc£l. In the mean while both parties 
 had c:arricd jpn a gainful trafl&c, receiving gold and 
 .other things.of yalyein exchanse for glafs beads and 
 fuch fort of tQ}'s, with which to^fe people were par- 
 ticularly delighted. 
 
 As the iflanders had exprefled great fears of the 
 
 neighbouring Caribbees, whom they reprcfented as 
 
 fierce cannibals, the Spaniards formed a good excufe 
 
 for b.uildine a fort in their country, which was gar- 
 
 ri/i)iied with 38 foldiers, who were left there by way 
 
 T** "'I* ^P?" of prQte£ling them againft the invafions of thefe fa- 
 
 SwWtftYn!" *»8" > «•<• 'h"* ^" firft colony, was planted at the 
 
 dits. V'^ which they called the Nativity, becftufe they had 
 
 firll landed there on Chrifftnas day. 
 
 On Friday, the. 4th of January, the admiral fet 
 
 £iil fro.m , the illand, and' bemg joined by the Pinta, 
 
 .fitfic^eifid to fume other capes and harbours, and 
 
 .Junong the reft, being near the place called the Lo- 
 
 ver't Cape, he met with feme fierce Indians, witN 
 
 .vthoinliTs inenhail a (kumlfli, which terminated ti) 
 
 f the.advaittage.of the. ||ttiQpc>*i whofe weapon* 
 
 xottU: not Iw nfiAed lt|! a peniple vmcd only witH 
 
 ^ It ■ B, 'Giub»aiid4i«iwsand«iToir«,Mfi.]2no(antortheufe.af 
 
 CoHo de Fie- • -j-a thi, place »he» jjave dw .mmie of Golfo ds 
 
 Flechaf , or the gulf of mm*, hut the,.li4*fi>».«al|fd 
 
 it Samana. 
 
 From hence Coliimhus departed on the if)ti\ dav of i.;-_^ 
 the fame month, fctting fail for Spain, Imt Intcre '— — ^^ — ■* 
 he could reach the A'/.orts was ovcitakiii by a viuliiit 
 dorm, in which, on the 24th oT February, the cT.ra- 
 vcl Pinta was fcparated from the admiral, whofe nun 
 iKgan again to murmur, provifum falling lliortj and 
 his veflel being fcarctly able to weather the tcmpifl' 
 which a few days afterwards drove him to St. Mary%,T| ^. n,i,.,:,,i 
 one of the Azores, where lie calt anchor, on the lamK at il t 
 l8th, after havin;; fudered as much by difeafc as bv .\.:ou>. 
 the violence of the llorm, during the continuaiiro of 
 which he hail thrown his paper:; over buard, In onlcr 
 that the account of his difcovcries might not be lolt 
 though the vclFel which carried him might have 
 foundered. The admiral and his men renitinbering 
 that they had m.idc a vow in their diftrefs to go baie- 
 footed in their Ihirts to fomc church dedicated to the 
 blclfcd virgin, at the firft land they made, were all 
 refolvcd to jKrforin it at this Ifland. To this they 
 were yet more induced by the friendly profeflions of 
 the people who were fubjeiSs to a prince In alliance 
 with the king of Caflile. Half the (hip's crew cm- 
 barking in one of the boats for this purpofc, had but 
 juft landed, when the eovernor attended by a num- 
 ber of people, who had lain in ambulh for that pur- 
 pofe, rulhcd out upon them, and, contrary to honour 
 and the laws of nations, feizcd and made them pri- Hit iieople 
 foncrs, taking care alfo to ftcure the boat to prevent ft.itd »t St. 
 the poflibility of their return. But the admiral ^'"y'*. 
 brought his Ihip round to a point from whence tTic 
 church might be difcerncd to which th? Spaniards 
 had intended to make their proccflii'i. Here he came 
 to an anchor, and demanded his men and boat, 
 which were refufed him ; but as he perfcvcred in his 
 refolution, and, though forced out to fea by the wind, 
 returned, uflng threats as well as perfuaflons, he at 
 laft obtained them, with many afluranccs of fricnd- 
 fliip from thote dilTcmblers, on his producing their 
 catholic majefties commiflion. 
 
 From hence he failed on the 24th day of February, . 
 
 and was foon after overtaken by another ftorm as 
 dreadful as the former, on which account the Spaniards 
 made a lecond vow, in cafe of being delivered, to fend 
 one of their people on pilgrimage to our Lady dc 
 Cinta, at Guelva, and the lot fell upon the. idmiral. 
 In the end they were forced upon the rock o, Lilboii, 
 and he found himfclf obliged to put in at that port, 
 where the Portuguefe much admired at the prtferva- 
 tion of his veflel from the fury of the fighting ele- 
 ments. Here the captain ofaguard-lhip interrogated 
 him very clofely, but at laft was fatisficd with feeing 
 the letter which he brought from the king and queen 
 of Caftile, to whom he had immediately difpatchcd 
 an exprefs, giving an account of what had hapjicncd 
 fince his departure from Palos. In the mean time the '^• 
 
 king of Portugal, fent for the admiral, and obfervcd, 
 that having been formerly in his employ, the difco- 
 vcries newly made belonged of right to him. Co- 
 lumbus anfwering that he knew of no fuch agree- 
 ment, theking faid he doubted not but juftice would 
 be done, and fo the matter dropped ; and the admiral 
 was afterwards mod courteoufly entertained, and had 
 the oiFer of being fafely conveyed over land to Spain, 
 whichhowevcr he chofe to decline. Setting fail from 
 Lilbon on Wcdnefday the 13th of March, Tie arrived ^ 
 
 on the Friday following, at the Port of Palos, from 
 whence, as the reader may remember, he had departed Arrivti at 
 
 on the 23d of Auguft in the forcgoins year 
 
 Thus did Columbus accompli(h his firft voyagr, 
 lay the foundation of the Spanith empire in th6 weft 
 Indies, and mark out a way for the difcovery of 
 that New World, to which he had not even the honour . 
 of giving a name. Marked out as he was by provi- 
 dence and nature for a perfeverinK and much enaurine 
 man, he Had fiairce arrived in Spain before he percdvM 
 the firft .appeaiapce of that'malice which afterwards 
 putfuedhl'P^'' afuccefltonof years, and contributed 
 to render uneafy the life which he was fo willing to 
 fpend in promoting the honuur and advantagcof a proud 
 andthntUcftnilitMi. ' o 
 
 a Thofc 
 
 Falgt. 
 
k.. 
 
 ■% 
 
 SECOND V0YAG6 Ot 
 
 T'liolc \'c:'y people who had laughed at his projcA 
 ' and atlcilUd to treat him as little better than a mad- 
 man, at fooit a.', the^ heard of his Aiccef:!, pretended 
 to makccxtrenu'ly li^htof .it, faying that he had done 
 no iiiorc than any pilot might have pctformed, and 
 that on the whole, he was rather forwarded by chance 
 than (kill in his boallcd expedition. 
 
 But their Catholic Majcftics at this time appeutd 
 to have adopted another opinion. They received him 
 ill the mod honourable niajiner, and (hewed himcvcrjr 
 pol)ible mark of diftinftion*. Yet, that he had fe«ict 
 k-ncniics about the court, was a circumftance which 
 he dill fufpcQcd, nnd which proved too true in the 
 fcquvl. Among thrfc was the bifliop of Burgos, a 
 man of a narrow mind and envious difpofitior.. I'his 
 ecclcfiallir, having from the firft ihcwn himfdf ini- 
 mical toColumhas and his undertaking, was ; .uJy to 
 burft with malice at his fucccf;, and refolvcd for ever 
 to thvrart the man whofe genius was fupcrior to his 
 own t. 
 
 Thcfe difcoveries, however, wtrc r vtn then drcnifd 
 of fo much importance that their Catholic Majeftics 
 thought proper to apply to the Pope for a bull to con- 
 firm their right in them, which was accordingly 
 gnuited in a very ample manner, thoush not without 
 occafMnine the king of Portugal to lignify his dif- 
 pleafure. But at length, ceruin wticlct were agreed 
 on, and eaftern and weftcrn iimin fixed by the con- 
 lirntof both crowns, and the approbation of the court 
 of Rome I the circumnavigation of the globe, vhich 
 muft ncceflarily midcr all fuch limits v:iin, being a 
 matter of which neither party had an idi-a, though it 
 fccms lomething of this kiii'd fug^flcd itfcif to the 
 more '■xienfive genius and iinderAanoing of Columbus. 
 
 Letters patent were now granted to the admiral in 
 the name of Kerdinaiid and Ifabella, confirming his 
 privileges, and it was rcfulved that he (hould return 
 with a ileet to Hifpaniola, to reinforce the Spanifli 
 colony planted there, and to complete the rcduttion of 
 the iflands. 
 
 .'\' 
 
 it' J 
 
 ^ 
 
 4w 
 
 THE SECOND VOYAGE OF CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS. 
 
 /i 
 
 ', TjREPARATIONS ncceflary for the undertaking 
 
 X being mado) Columbus fut fail from Cadiz on 
 llVednefday the 35th of September, on his fccood 
 voyage ; and, on the 2d of Octubcr came to Gran Ca- 
 naria, from whence the fame night he failed for Go- 
 mera, where he arrived on the 5th, and tw o days af- 
 ' terwards proceeded on his voyage to the Indies, hav- 
 
 ing appointed the general rendezvous, in cafe of fepa- 
 ration, at the port of the Nativity, in Hifpaniola. 
 In his way he difcovcrcd Marigalante, Guadalupe, 
 Mitifrilinte, Antigua, and other of the Weft India iflands, and 
 fiu«JiUi[K:, hearanew* of the continent before he reached Hifpa- 
 <nii Antieua niola, though that was the firft port at which he in- 
 UilcortrcJ. tcjedtoland. 
 
 But when the admiral arrived there, he found afFairs 
 . in a fituation far different from that wherein he had 
 left them. On the Spaniards firfl fending their boat 
 on fliorc, they foand fey the anfwers returned to the 
 enquiries it was natural for them to make concerning 
 their countrymen, that the colony of the Nativity 
 was no more ; on this they fufpeued fome treachery ; 
 but Columbus c'hofc to take no notice of what was 
 told him, till there fliould be proof fulKcicnt cither to 
 confirm or overthrow his fufpicione. 
 
 The fleet coming to an anchor in the port on the 
 Thurfday following, they found their ftttlement 
 abandoned, the town burned, and the dead bodies of 
 feveral Chriflians lying in the neighbouring fields ; 
 nor could they for fome time find any Indians from 
 whom to gain intelligence, as the lutives conffauttly 
 fled, till at leneth they met with the brother of Gua- 
 cananri (the friendly cacique already mentioned) at 
 the head of a party, from whom they learned, that 
 foon after the departure of the admiral, the Spaniards 
 began to quarrel amone themfelves, bcine almoft ;kll 
 equally covetous of goM, and defiroui of having as 
 many women as pofnble ; that two of them having 
 flzin one of their fellows, went over to Caunabo, a 
 fierce cacique, who killed them, together with nine 
 mhers that had accompanied them in their flight | 
 ^' The Spaniudi that fome time after Caunabo, by night, furpriccd 
 .IcfcuHifp*- thefbiT, burning the houfcs of the Chrimans, who fled 
 niola dcflroy- towards the fea-more.and fome were drowned and others 
 "'* died liy famine or difeaA on (hore. As a confirma- 
 
 tion iH the truth of (hit report, they found the ca- 
 cique hiasfelf fo ill that he could not leavt hit houfe. 
 
 • Whca Columbu came to hhn, KnOa (whol* vtflcl had 
 Wen icparued rrom the •ilmiril't ia 8 flana) Ma( airimd 
 M GalUcM, would liavi attenikd on the king aad qana, bat 
 they lUolnttly fcilwd bin to come to court widMW hi* coai> 
 maadoT, as which he rctamed to hii aatirt couatryi where 
 ha is faid A have died of grief for bis fa much dcfetmd 4U^ 
 point mcnt. 
 
 t Tbt ftory which is related af COluabnt's nptl^wat viA 
 
 : k 
 
 m 
 
 he and feveral of his men having been wounded \a • 
 
 defence of the Spaniards. Thefe misfortunes deter- 
 mined Columbus to feek fome other place upon the 
 idand, where he might plant a colony, being little fa- 
 tisfied with fuch a difafirous beginning. 
 
 With this refolution, he left the Nativity in the be- .; 
 
 ginning of December, after having completed the 
 converfion of Guacanagari to the Chriftian Aith ; and 
 anchoring at Monte Chrifto, foon after proceeded to 
 a place \vhere there was a town of Indians. Landing 
 on a plain near a rock, where be thought a fort might 
 conveniently be ereA«i, he founded a town, which 
 he called Iiabella, in compliment to her Catholic 
 Majcfty. Soon after the admiral fell fick, and fome 
 of his men entered into a confpiracy to revolt 
 from him, but the intended confpiracy was difco- y^ eonrinracr- 
 vered, and the rineleadcr fecured. In the mean time 
 having received intelligence of tiie gold minet of 
 Cibao, he fent Alonfo de Hojeda with a party to ex- 
 plore them. This indefittigable man brought a fii- 
 vourable account of the countrv, confirmins that 
 report, on which, when Columout recovered from 
 his ficknefs, having taken proper precaution for pre- 
 venting the diforders which might othcrwife arife in 
 his abfence, he himfelf fet out at tliehead of as many 
 men as could be fpared from the charge of the town 
 and the defence of the fhipping, in order to penetrate 
 into that provincr, and happily efl'eAed his defigni 
 meeting with much civility mm the Indians. Pafs- ' 
 ing over the mountains in tbt middle of March» 
 Columbus cnteffd Cibao, and, in a ftrong and plea- ,— , . , 
 fant fituation cauicd a fort to be ctcaed, which he I?,''/-R£.'^ 
 called the Caftle of St Thomas, where he placed ""^ 
 fifty-fix men is garrifon, under the command of Don 
 Peter Margerite. I'hcn he fet out upon his return to 
 IfUbella, which he reached on Sunday the 29th of 
 March, where the Spaniardt found melons already 
 ripe, though it was but two months fince the ffcd was 
 put into the earth. Within twenty days cucumbers -^ 
 
 came up, and a countryman gathered wheat ears the 
 the next day, though the corn had been fown only in < ■'' - 
 the latter end of January. , ■• '» 
 
 In April that year, the admiral lent a re-inforce- 
 ment to St. Thomas's Caftle, it being reported that 
 tlie natives meditated an attack upon the finrt. But 
 this fuccour prevented themj and in the mean time 
 
 feveral. 
 
 >, 
 « 1,1 
 
 \' 
 
 \ 
 
 an egg, which, when none canld Maprigh* aa its Unk tad, he 
 accooiplilked by cracking ihelWIi, BMy btvt to iMwthatho 
 didoM want for ready wh. Iliis bchg iccoaipUfcBd, allia ih« 
 nauMBy laughed, crjlag that it was a« man ibia any body 
 ■aigltMTe done, « Vet, (Ijud ih* admiial) astav bodycia 
 " fiad the way ta ihtatw «er l4 b at it it bMWifc I hirafilft 
 « fl««r«4 it tbcat.'* 
 
 ; S . . ■* 'I 
 
■ M *m 
 
 "^ft^ 
 
 CHRIStOPrtER GOLUMBUS; 
 
 Oatn)^ of 
 
 Ike iQuidcrii 
 
 ftreral Indian* being taken prifoners, were put in 
 irons and fcilt to Ifabclla, for having plundered the 
 Chriftian!!, but Columbui releafed them at the inler- 
 ceffion of a friendly caciqiie, in order to conciliate 
 the aiicAions of his countrymen. In the mean time 
 he alfo appointed a council to govern the ifland, at 
 the head of which he placed his brother James, and 
 then fat out upon freth difcoveries. 
 
 His firft objca wm Cuba, for which he proceeded 
 on the 24th of April in the afternoon, and after 
 having failed along the coaft, went over to Jamaica, 
 where the Spaniards being threatened in a hoJh e 
 manner by the Indians, repulfed them with miffile 
 weapons from their boats, after which fome canoes 
 coming on b«ird, furniftied them with provifions 
 in a peaceable manner. Neverthelefs, the admiral 
 thought proper again to return to Cuba, which all 
 this while had been mUhkcn for the continent 5 and 
 the fleet came to a point, which they called Cabo de 
 Sanu Cruz, or of the holy crofs, after which, failing 
 along the coaft they met with very tempettuous wea- 
 ther, and were not a little incommoded and endanfrered 
 by the flats and fmall iflands. The admiral ftill held on 
 his courfc, without ftopping till he came to one of 
 them rather larger than the reft, where he landed, 
 naming it St. Mary. Here was a town which all the 
 Indians deferted on the arrival of theChriftians, fothat 
 finding nothing remarkable there except fome par- 
 rots, and certain birds, of which none knew the 
 name, as was the cafe on moft of the other iflands, 
 they refumed their courfe, and arriving at Cuba, 
 tooK an Indian, who came in a canoe to barter for 
 provifions. This man told them it was an ifland, 
 and gave them fume farther account of the country. 
 From hcncr, provifiuns running fliort, Columbus in- 
 tended to fail immediately for Hifpaniola, but after 
 enduring much ficknefs and fatigue, was forced back 
 to Jamaica, where he was obliged to ftay fome time 
 before he could accomplilh his dcfign. At laft, how- 
 ever, he attained his end, and arriving at Ifahella, 
 there found his brother Bartholomew Columbus, who 
 had been fent to the Englifh court to treat with King 
 Henry VII. concerning tlie difcovery of the Indies, 
 which, as he was on his return to Spain, he found 
 had already been difcovercd. The admiral appointed 
 him governor, in order to relieve himfl-lf in fome 
 meafure from the great fatigue which his change oc- 
 cafioned ; but notwithftanding this meafure, he found 
 hinifelf involved in much trouble, for the Indians had 
 revolted, and Don Peter Margerite, who had been 
 left with near 400 men to command St. Thomas's 
 Caftie, and keep the province of Cibao in obedience, 
 had returned to Spain, becaufe he could not bring the 
 council left by the admiral at Ifabella, under the 
 controul of his abfolute authority. On his departure 
 all the men under his command feparatcd, every one 
 
 ?;oing whither he thought proper, and committing 
 uch outrages, that the Indians who found themfelves 
 opprefled beyond meafure, began to eftecm thofe as 
 infernal dxmons, whom on their (irft arrival, they 
 had honoured as divinities. The confequence was, 
 that wherever the natives could conveniently light on 
 a fingle Chriftian, or furprife a fmall party, they put 
 them to death without mercy. Columbus indeed at 
 his return puniflied many who had been concerned in 
 fuch proceedings, but tl'tis meafure WM fo far from 
 anfwering the end propofed, that a general revolt en- 
 fucd. Of four caciques, by whom the ifland was 
 governed, three declared againft the Chriftians, but 
 the fourth (Guacanagari) continued in the intereftof 
 Vol. I. N" ». 
 
 • All the inhabitants of Cibaa upward* of fourteen yeart 
 old, wheie the gold raiiiei were, engaged to pay a Urge hocfc- 
 Ull full of f;oId dull, and all the ren twenty-live pounds of 
 cotton each, tickeii Lcine given tu fuch as pcrrormed the con- 
 ditioii, in order that pUDillunent might U iiiHiaed on thofe who 
 rcfufed or acgUaed u> fubmii to this ioipofition. It may be 
 nnarktd bai* that howtvtr nraderate the cooduA of Colunbut 
 might appear in comparifon with that of foow fuccecding con- 
 q<«ron in the new world, Vet at it wai plain that hit aim wat 
 cooqueft, thii circumltance, together trith the infolence of the 
 •faaiatdi, might weU jiiOify the iflaadsrs ia tbs ttfiatnct of 
 
 the Chriftiansi It was natural to think that Colurti- 1497 
 
 bus cultivated his frieiidfliip at this critical juncture, *" ■•■>—•' 
 and indeed he took him with him when he I'ai uut 
 to give battle to the Indians. The latter met the 
 Spaniards as men fecure of conqueft, their numb.-r 
 amounting, according to the Spanlfh account, tu no 
 lefs than 100,000 men, while Columbus hail with 
 him but 200 Chriftians, 20^ horfesj and 20 do^s. '1 lii^ 
 fmall body of Spaniards being divided into two bat- 
 tnlions, the one commanded by the udmtr.it, and 
 the other by the lieutenant, attafkcd the enemy 
 in dilFerent places at the fame time, and fuoii having 
 broken them with a difchargc of their crol's-bows,TliclM!i«r.i 
 immediately the horfe charged them, and the tiogsi'-'^'''''' 
 fell furiouily upon the unwieldy multitude, and put 
 them entirely to the rout. What followed was only 
 the purfuit of a number of poor fearful Wretches, 
 whom the viflorioUs Spaniards killed or took pri- 
 foners at pleafure. Caunabo, who had Airprifed the 
 town of the Nativity on Columbus's firtt departure 
 from the ifland, being among the captives was fent 
 to Spain together with his brother , and this tiefeat fo 
 much difpirited the Indiana, that the country was 
 foon reduced to obedience, and all the inhabitants 
 promifed to pay tribute to their Catholic Maiellics.* 
 
 The Spaniards fay, that when they had reduced 
 the ifland, and become thorouirhly acquainted with 
 the natives, they found their religious opinions to be 
 made up of a heap of abfurdities. Columbus obferves, 
 that all the devotion he could perceive they paid was lidian woii 
 to their Cemies, or houlhold gods, each of their P»i> ■" ''>° 
 chiefs having a houfc apart, in which nothing was to''^'""''" 
 be found but certain wooden images fo called, and 
 what was devoted to their fervice. 
 
 Thither they ufed to repair, as to a temple, to 
 perform certain ceremonies. There they had a roun^ 
 table formed like a dilh, on which lay a kind of 
 powder that they put on the head of the Cemi, after- 
 wards fnuffing it up their nofes and muttering foine- 
 thing to themfelves. When they refortcd to the 
 Cemies, they fliunned the Chriftians, and frequently 
 buried their idols in the woods, left they (hould be 
 deftroyed. Thcfe images they were report<sl to ftca! 
 from each other, and by means of fome of them, the 
 caciques praflifed many impofitions. Once it hap- 
 pened that fome of the Spaniards rufhing into a houfe 
 where there was a Cemi, the idol on a ludden fecmed 
 to make a loud exclamation in their language : but 
 the Chriftians fufpefting fome fraud, immediately 
 overthrew it, when they found it was hollow, and by 
 means of a trunk which entered it, a man from a 
 dark corner of the houfe fpoke whatever the cacique 
 ordered him j the latter hndiiig the fraud dcte£led, 
 defired the Chriftians not to mention the matter to 
 his fubje^s, as he confclTcd that by means of frauds like 
 this he was bcft enabled to fecure their obedience, 
 and collect a tribute from the people. Thefe caciques "^^^ fuf erfti- 
 thus afluming in fome meafure the prieftly charaAer, "'"'• 
 were accordingly reverenced in a double capacity. 
 The iflanders hati alfo their jugglers and necromancers 
 who pretended to talk with the dead, and held a num* 
 ber of ftrange fables relative to the origin of mankind, 
 with many others concerning metamorphofes, which 
 they believed to have happened in former ages ; but 
 all in general believed the immortality of the foul, 
 which they fuppofe, after death to go to a certain 
 neighbouring country, from whence it frequently re- 
 turned and haunted thofe perfons and places with 
 which thedeceafed when living was beft acquainted. 
 All things being fettled at Hifpaniola, Columbus 
 D fet 
 
 which the conqueror, complaiaed. Indeed if we refer to Co- 
 lumlmi'k chiraclirr of tlit Indiant he firft met with on this 
 ifland, xvc Ihall incline to think they had hard meafures dealt 
 iliem. After man v other encomiNms on tliem, he adds, " They 
 '• love their ncighhourt as themrdves 1 and their convcrfatinn it 
 " tlie fwectcft in the uuiverfe, being plcafant, anil always finiU 
 " ing. Surely it mull ret^uire a great degree of provocatioa to 
 render people of fuch a difporition implacable enemies. TIds 
 eharaOcr given of them by the firft diftove»er, will ever remain 
 a lafting taftimony againft the Spaniards, who at laft treateil 
 them with I barbarity that cvea lavagji would blulh at. 
 
^' 
 
 l+>>« 
 
 The atlmi 
 
 nri ivus in 
 
 
 Rnl.Ur.'s re- 
 bellion. 
 
 -h 
 
 THIRD VOYAGE OF 
 
 Tit lUil for Spain on the loth of March, touching .it 
 CT'j.iJalu|)e in his vrny, where the Spaniards had a 
 (kirniilh with loine fierce Indian women } and from 
 what tht-y law when they came on (here, concluded 
 the inaiiJiLs to he canibalsj fu making no Kay there, 
 they dipartcd for Spain, where they arrived in the be- 
 ginning of June, wlion provifions were crown fo 
 1^ .iri-i' 1)11 l)uard the fleet that fome propolol eating 
 the Indians, and others were for throwing them over- 
 board 1 all this the admiral by his prudence prevented, 
 and hrou!;ht them all fafe to land, together with In- 
 dian birds, bcalls, and plants, various kinds of in- 
 Itruinents and ornaments, and what was ftill more 
 valued, fainples of gold which the new world pro- 
 duced, and which was the I'ouicc of fo much mifery 
 to the wretched natives, thoufands of whom the 
 Spaniards afterwards obliged to work in their own 
 mines to fatisfy the avarice of their imperious nialUrs. 
 
 C»lumbus iir)mcdiat>j|y on his landing prepared t<i 
 fet out for Uurgos, whcro he was received with every 
 mark of rcfpcct by,t|icii Catholic Majeftics, who had 
 indeed the grcatelt rtalMi to confer honoiiis and fa- 
 vour upon the man that had Uvn thus indefatigable in ji;, ifccpiioa 
 their fervice, and alieady laid the foundation of their «cuu;t. 
 empire in countrius, the very exigence of which had 
 been quelHoned, 
 
 The admiral having fatisficd the king and queen of 
 the ftate wherein he left Hifpaniola, preflld to be fent 
 out again with all convenient fpeid, which w.is pro- 
 milcdaccordijigly. Yet it was not till February, in 
 the year 1498, that he obt.iined two fliips to be fent 
 out undc-r the command of I'etcr Fernandez Co- 
 ronel, while he himfelf llayid Kliind foliciting for a 
 fleet projvr for his return, and waiting the ncct (T-iry 
 orders relative to the government of the Spanifli ac- 
 quiiitions in the Weft Indies. 
 
 THE THIRD AND FOURTH VOYAGES OF CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS. 
 
 THOUGH Columbus fpared no pains either in 
 his felicitations at court, or his preparations for 
 faa, he could not get all in readinefs till the month 
 of May, when he fet fail from the Bay c^ St. Lucar de 
 Berrameda with fix fliips loadetl with neceffaries of 
 .ill forts for Hifpaniola. On his way he retook a 
 Spanilh vcfTel from three French fliips which had made 
 a prize of her : he afterwards failed to Madeira, and 
 the Cape Verd iflands. In his courfe from thence to 
 Hifpaniola, he difcovcredan ifland which he called by 
 the name of the I'rinity, and afterwards the Conti- 
 nent itfclf, where his men going on fliore found the 
 natives to be a civil and obliging people, but ftaid not 
 long enough to come intimately acquainted with their 
 manners, the admiral being in halte to ftand over for 
 Hifpaniola, whither he had already difpatched three 
 fliips with orders to make the beft of their way, and 
 where on his arrival, he found that his prcfence was 
 much wanted. 
 
 In his abfence one Francis Roldan, whom he had 
 left chief jufticc, but fubfervient to his brother the 
 lieutenant James Coltmibus, growing jealous and 
 envious of James's authority, took advantage of the 
 ill temper of the people when the Spanifli provifions 
 failed, and they who were not accuftomed to what 
 would well fupport the Indians were feized with 
 divers difeafes, to demand the launching of a caraval 
 which was left ready to fend to Sp.-.in, in cafe of 
 neceflity. This Don James would not confent to, 
 urging the want of tackling and other very weighty 
 objeftions, on which an open infurrcilion was raifcd, 
 and the Indians were invited to join the rcvolters. 
 At one time they plotted to (lab the lieutenant, at 
 :inother to maflacre the chriflians ; and thus the ifland 
 was once more thrown into fuch confufion as much 
 aftonifliedthc admiral, who on his arrival found not 
 tlie three fliips which he had difpatched before him. 
 Thefe vefTcls had put in .it Xaragua, where the in- 
 furgents were who had inveigled many of the Spaniards 
 to join them, th.it coming afterwards to'St. Domingo, 
 Columbus got intellipenre of all that had paficd, and 
 taking care to put all tliinqs there in a Itate of de- 
 fence, fet on font a treaty with the chief rebel, as 
 he found his paity very powerful, and was willing 
 if portiWc to reflore peace in Wis'gtly^rnmcnt. This 
 treaty met with tnany obftriictions, as Roldan was con- 
 tinually altering his mind, nt one time demanding 
 veflels to carry hijtn* and his followers to Spain, at 
 another Tcfolvtn'g to remain on the ifland. Affairs, 
 however, were at laft fettled by the prudence of the 
 
 ' The Mims ajrecd uixin, were, " I. That filtcen ot llic rc- 
 " vnltcrs (houl.l 1« f«nt m Spain by the firll Oiipt. II. Tint 
 •• larils anil lioiifis fliouM lie given to tiiofe that reiminerf, for 
 <■ tlicirpay III. That proclamaliun Oisuld be made that all 
 
 admiral, who having made many conccflions • to his 
 opoonent, the latter returned to his duty. 
 
 But fc.-ucely was this matter concludetl, when A- 
 lonfo de Ojcda, who had been out upon dilirovcric!-, 
 arrived and began ftirring up the people again to a 
 revolt, which was fuppreffctl by Roldan, who now 
 aiEted for tlie admiral, and this revoltcr was forced to 
 quit the ifland, after which one of his partifans, who 
 had laid a plot to ftab RoKlan, was hanged, and others 
 imprifoned. Thus all things promifed the refloratiou 
 of peace, the Indians lubmitting, aiid the Spaniards 
 fintiing the mines fo rich, that a private man was 
 known to dig up 40 ounces of gold in a day, one 
 third of which was refcrvcd for the ufc of their Ca- 
 tholic M.ijcftics. 
 
 But while thefe things were pafling in Hifpaniola, 
 the court of Spain was perpetually urged by tlie 
 murmurs of the people at home to fuperfede the 
 admiral in his command. Thefe murmurs were 
 excited by the falfc accounts the rebels had fent of 
 Hifpaniola ; and at length their defign fucceeded fu 
 well, that their Majeitics fent thither Francis de 
 Bovadilla, a poor knight of the order of Calatrava, 
 with full power to enquire into all things, and if he 
 found Columbus guilty of what he was charged with, 
 to fend him to Spain, and remain there himfelf as 
 governor. Arriving at St. Domingo at the latter end 
 of Auguft, when the admiral was abfent, he took up , 
 
 his quarters in the palace, fuperfeded him in the go- 
 vernment before he faw his face, and then com- 
 manded him to repair to him immediately ; at the 
 fame time, to Orengthcn his fummons, fending him 
 their Majcfties letter, which was in form as follows : 
 
 " To D. Chriftophcr Columbus, our Admiral Their Catho- 
 " of the Ocean. '■' Majdiie* 
 
 " We have ordered the Commcndary D. Frr.ncis '""' 
 " de Bovadilla, the bearer, to .ncquaint you with 
 " fome things from Us : We therefore defire you to 
 " give him entire credit, and to obey him. Given 
 " at Madrid, the 21ft day of May, 1499. ^ 
 
 By commaijd of their Highnelles, ■>«k"'."'"'sf 
 
 Mich. Perez de Almazan. I, The King, 
 
 I, The Qiietn." ^ 
 
 Columbus who was about returning to Spain, 
 attending according to this fummons, came with his ^ 
 
 brother James to St. Domingo, when Bovadilla, 
 without any legal information, immediately ordered 
 them both to be put in irtms, and after having drawn 
 up the form of a procefs, in which all witnelfes were 
 
 heard 
 
 " ihit had happened was caufed by falle ruggcltioni, and through 
 " the fault of ill men. IV. That the adinital diould again ap- 
 " point RoldaDpcrpttual Judge." 
 
 th 
 Si 
 
a«h> 
 
 CHRISTOPHER C O L U -Nf B U S. 
 
 hearJ oh the one fitle, and none on the othci , raiirt-J 
 them to be put on board ihip in their tetters, ;iiid thus 
 fcnt back to Spain •, wliirc Columbus, on his arrival, 
 wrote to their Majeftics from Cadiz, whocaulld him 
 to be relcafcd, anil fully cleared him from all the im- 
 putations thrown upon him by his enemies.* Yet 
 they did not think lit to re-inftate him in his govern- 
 ment, but font the commendary Nicholas do Ohenda 
 to fuperfcdc Bovadilla, and to do right to t . .'miral 
 who was to hedifpatchcd to make nev.- liiJ-ovirics. 
 
 For this purpole all due diligence was ufed in pre- 
 paration, and the admiral having requeUtd that 
 their Majefties would be plcafcd to (hi Iter liim from 
 all future malicious procclles they re-adured him 
 by letter 1 obfcrving tlint his inijirifoiiment had 
 been very difplcafing to them, and promifing him 
 all privileges and prerogatives grantnl before, which 
 they offered to renew, it ncced'ary, coneludinj, " And 
 " be allured that we will honour and favour you in 
 " greater matters. And be fatirilied that we will 
 •« take due care of your fons and brothers which 
 " ftiall be done when you are departed. We thcrc- 
 •' fore pray you not to delay your departure." 
 
 Thefc were the fair words and promifes which 
 Columbus was obliged to receive inftead of a re- 
 efebliftiment in his government, and the punifhment 
 rf thofc men who afterwards proved thcmfelves to 
 have defcrved as ill of the ftate as they had done of 
 him. However, being ilill willing to lerve the king, 
 and more particularly the queen of Spain, he fct lail 
 The «Jmir.ir«from Cadiz on the gth of May, to make further dif- 
 tlirj voyage, coveries on the coalt of the great American continent, 
 which the Spaniards then called Paria. The wiifd 
 proving favorable, the fleet reached almoft as far as 
 the Caribbee iflands without handing their fails. 
 Then (landing immediately for Hifpaniola, withaview 
 of changing one of his (hips which was leaky, when 
 Columbus lent his boat alhore to inform the commen- 
 dary, who h.id been difpatched to fuperfede Bovadilla, 
 of his purpofe, he found himfcif refufed entrance into 
 He is refufcil the harbour of that very town which he had C4ufcd to 
 entrincc into be built on an ifland that he had difcovered and taken 
 iheliarbour off^ rnuch pains to bring into fubjeition to the crown 
 St. Domingo, ^f g^^.^^ 
 
 As he forefaw an approaching dorm, being thus 
 excluded from the harbour, he fcreened his vctiels by 
 lying as clofe under the land as poflible, notwithftand- 
 ing which, three broke from him, and were much 
 endangered, yet all met again the Sunday following. 
 But of the fleet then prepared to carry Bovadilla 
 home, which confifted of eighteen veflcis, not above 
 four were favcd, Bovadilla himfelf perifhing on board 
 the admiral's (hip, the governor having been impru- 
 dent enough to let them put to fca, though Colum- 
 bus, by his meflage had fignified his apprchenrioii of 
 the approaching temped. 
 
 Having repaired the (hips at Port Azuga, the fleet 
 holding on their courfe were carried by the force of 
 the currents among fomc fandy iflands near Jamaica, 
 and afterwards came to the ifle called CJuania, where 
 Columbus took a canoe as long as a galley, eight feet 
 wide, covered in the middle with an .twning of palm- 
 tree leaves, calculated to keep out the fun and rain. 
 He took what he thought moft curious out of this 
 canoe, and afterwards difmifl'ed the people all but one 
 ojd man, whom he kept till he had got what intelli- 
 gence he could, and ufed him to converfe with the 
 Indians wherever they came, after which he was 
 likcwifc lent away with prcfents. 
 
 Indcad oi failine towards the country fincc called 
 New Spain, the admiral now convinced that tlie con- 
 tinent, called Paria, mud be feparatcd from the ex- 
 tremity of the Ead Indies by a vad fea, concluded 
 from the courfe of the co.id, that it was likely there 
 might be fome dreigbt which would ferve as an inlet 
 to that ocean : he therefore decred towards Veragua 
 and Nombre de Diot, whecc ha conceived that dreight 
 
 * It appears that Columbus ftiU retiincil a fenfe of the un- 
 worthy treatment Ik liail received, as he ufetl to fay he wnulil 
 tlwt;i keep tliofc feitcri which had beta put on liiin at Hif- 
 
 muft be. TIserc was not, however, the dreipht fou;>iit t.)<)3 
 
 for, but an iKhmus or narrow neck of land, wliieli ' >— *-^ 
 
 dilappointed him in his d^fign ; yet his curiofity was 
 greatly fatisiiid in l.iiliiuf along the coall, where h« 
 lound the people, in general, friendly, tr.iiitable, and 
 moded, but ignorant of the uli; of letters, running 
 away when they law any one make ufe of a pen and 
 ink, and feeinini;ly much addicted to the belief of iii- 
 ehanrnunts, anJluch fupeillitions. 
 
 Afi'T h.ivini; made fome difcovcries of this kind 
 upon the continent, coming at lad to the river Be- 
 lem, wliich the InJians called Vcbra, where he was 
 intormed the ^old mines of Veragua were, of which 
 he h.id liiard much during the voyage, Columbus 
 feiit his broth' r up that river with the boats to the • 
 town of Qiiiho, an Indian prince, who came down 
 in his canoe to meet them, and afterwards ventured 
 on board the admiral's diip. This cacique lent men 
 to guide .1 party if the Spaniards to fome gold mines, 
 with which they were well fati»fieJ, but it afterwards 
 ap|>carcd that tfiefe mines were not tliofe of Veragua 
 butof Uriraa neighbouring town in enmity with (jui- 
 bo, for which reafon he had caultd the thrillians to 
 be conductnl thither. 
 
 At length, after h.iving viewed the country, the 
 adcniral rtlbhed to build a town, and to plant a co- 
 lony on the banlcs of the river Beleni. 
 
 i'h,- jzreat rains, whichhad fufficiently incommoded 
 the Spaniards, being over, the mouth of tlie river 
 was lo choaktJ with fand, and fach a I'weil occa- 
 fioncd by that circumlUnce, that they were in theTI.e (li'r: in 
 grcated danger of being dallied in pieces by thciiilbcl.. 
 w.ives. And, to add to thcirmisfoi'tunc, tliey jult then 
 difcovered, that Qiiibo, being difplcafed at th=ir 
 dclign of planting a colony in thofe parts, had rcfolv- 
 L-<l to dedroy them all. I'o prevent this delien, the 
 lieutenant going on ftiorc with 76 men, furpriVed him 
 at his own houfe, and took him, together with 30 
 perfons, conliding of his wives, rijations and depen- 
 dents, but the cacique being put into a boat bound, 
 efcaped by plunging fudJenly into tin- (ia, before tlw 
 Cliridiaiis could reach the fhip ; and being now more 
 drongly fet againd them than ever, as foon as he 
 perceived the Spaniards failing out of the river, ho 
 caufed an afliiult to he made upon the town. The new 
 fettlers were forced to retire to a place, where by 
 throwing up works, and planting a few cannon they 
 could better defend themfclves than in the flight 
 houfcs which they had built in that country. In the 
 mean time the crew of a boat which was fent on 
 (hore for frclh water was cut ofF, one man only ex- 
 cepted, who had efcaped to the town with the un- 
 welcome tidings. 
 
 While Columbus waited till the fca, which had 
 again been fvvclled, (hould fettle, hoping for an op- 
 portunity of fending another boat on fliore, to know 
 what had been the fate of the former, feveral of the ^ 
 
 Indian prifoners, who had been fafely conveyed on 
 board the fliip, efcajKHl by fwimming, through the 
 careleflnefi of the failors, and the red hanged them- 
 fclves in dcfpair, becauie, being difcovered, they 
 were hindered from following their companions. 
 No hodages being now left on board, the admiral 
 had ever)- reafon to conclude that things went il), 
 but was tbmewhat comforted when he found that 
 fome of his men faid there would not be \vanting 
 thofe who would follow the example of the Inuians, 
 and fwim to the fliore, if the remaining boat were 
 permitted to carry them as far as where the water did 
 not break. This bein;T granted, one Peter de Ledef- 
 ma, a pilot, offered himfelf, and completed the under- 
 taking ; and Columbus, by his pieant, being in- 
 formed of the dedru£lion of the bosft's crew, and the a pilot fwiim 
 fad fituation of the remain* of his colony, refolved to on lliorc. 
 remain till the weather wrould permit his relieving 
 them. While he waited thus, it gie>v fo favourable, 
 that within eight days, by the help of the boat and 
 
 fome 
 
 paniola, at a reward of his ferriees t and tAuallv ordered them 
 10 he hung up in bis cjuunlicr, in«l to be buried witli him at 
 hit deccafc. a 
 
THE VOYAGES OF 
 
 1505 foin« canoMt thofe on (how were got fak ofF. And 
 * V ' thus the new colony w«t abandoned, nothing facing 
 left behind but the hulk of anoldihipi which wailo 
 worm-eaten ax to be unfit for iervice. 
 
 The admiral dcfigncd for Hifpaniola, but by retfon 
 of winds and currenti, could not make that ifland. 
 He paired by the Tortugas, fo named from the tortoifcs 
 frequenting thofe fhores, after having weathered a 
 ilorm, and with much trouble kept hit vefleli above 
 water, came to an anchor firft at Cuba, and aftcr- 
 _. u wards at a port named Puerto Bona, in Jamaica -, 
 
 forcedTnwI«-^"*"8 "<> t***" '''*'*» ""' •"/ ''*''' *"*"» he pro- 
 maica. ceeded to a^iother harbour eaitward, where he ran 
 
 the leaky (hips a-ground, which were propped and 
 fliored up. The water coming almoft as hich as the 
 up|Kr decks, the admiral caufM ihedt to be liuilt on 
 the planks for the better (L-curity of himfelf and his 
 people in a country which wai not fubducd, nor at all 
 inhabited by Chriftians. 
 
 In this fituation he difpatched two perfons to Hif- 
 paniola to delire a (hip might be fent him with am- 
 munition and provifionit lit to tranfport hit people to 
 old Spain. At this voyage was undertaken in a canoe 
 built for the purpofe, the event of it '<n thofe fcas was 
 very uncertain. Some time after the mc(l(:ngcrs were 
 gone, numbers of the Spaniards fell fick, many of 
 thofe who were in health mutinied, and departed in 
 canoes upon the very fame voyage to Hifpaniola. 
 But for want of flcill thefe latter were obliged to re- 
 turn, after having thrown moft of the Indians over- 
 board whom they had taken to row them. 
 
 While the admiral lay thus deferted, to complete 
 his misfortune, the people of the country began to 
 In wintof bevery flack in bringing in provifions, which, when 
 proTifioai. he ob(erved, he had rccourfe to a ftratagem that extri- 
 cated him and his men from that difficulty. Recol- 
 lecting that on a certain evening there would be an 
 _ ,. .. eclipfc of the moon, he fent to call together the prin- 
 •tlipfe. ^"cipal perfons among the Indians, who being arrived, 
 he ordered the interpreter to tell them, that the God 
 of the Chriftians who had driven thefe rebellious 
 Spaniards back that had deferted him, was now angry 
 with them for not furni(hing his people provifions, 
 a token of which would appear the next nieht in the 
 heavens, when the moon would rife of a bloody co- 
 lour, and her brightnefs would be obCcured, as a fisn 
 of peftilence and Amine, with which he intended 
 to chahifc them. The Indians fufpcnded their belief 
 of this prediflion, till the time appointed, when per- 
 ceiving the eclipfe beginning as the moon rofe, and 
 the darknefs dill increafing, they came from all 
 parts loaded with provifions, vnd befeeching the ad- 
 miral to intercede for them with his God. Accord- 
 ingly he fliut himfelf up while the eclipfe lafted, 
 and when he perceived it was going off, came out 
 and told them he had prayfd to God for them, who 
 •* would caufe the moon to (nine forth again, and avert 
 
 the threatened judgments, if they would take care 
 never to oilend asain in like manner. This had the 
 defired tfk&, and there was no longer any reafon to 
 complain of the Indians want of care to fupply the 
 Chriftians with provifions while they remained upon 
 the ifland. 
 
 In the mean time Mendez and Fiefco, who had 
 been difpatched to Hifpaniola, ttta fuffering many 
 
 hardJhips rrnchcd a little rcicky ifland, whtfre -they Vo «'.;i! of 
 could find untiling but rain water, vvliitli, tinwcvcr, M**"'"* •"' 
 fc far relicvid them who Wi:rc iult pcrilhinij; tor thiill, ''"='"'• 
 fliiit in ihe evening of llmt ouy in<7 ccrrnlitcd their 
 voyage to HifpaniiSa, which tlis-y knew to be no mora 
 than tight leagues diftant. When tluv arrivtJ at tlic 
 neareft port, Mtndcz, thnush ill uf' an uj. uc, went 
 dirc^ly to the province of Aara^ua, whtru clic go- 
 vernor then W.1S i and Kicfco would hiivi- atiiriicd, as 
 he had in charge to acquaint llie admiral of the lui:- 
 ccfs of the vny.i<re, but the (iifticultici ami dangers 
 which ihcy liaJ fiift'crvd were fui.')i, that neither Iri' < 
 dians nor failors could accompany hij.i. .Vs to Mcu- 
 dex, all that he could obtain ot' the governor, ak.-. 
 long waiting and much liilicitation was only lc.iv<: :u 
 go lu St. Domingo, and thereto puixhafca (hiparJ 
 tit it out, with the admiral's own moncv, whiili v.'a> 
 accordingly doiio, and the vetl'el lent to Spain, to^^ire 
 an account to their Catholic Majeflies ol all that 
 happened. 
 
 A finall caraval which arrived one evcnine, caftii'g a ciraval ar- 
 anchor near the place where Colunibu!>'s (hips wircnvcs li<mi 
 run a-ground, brought the above acruuiit written hy Ilifptniula, 
 Mendez. The captain coming in his boat to vifit 
 the admiral, prcfciitud him with two flirehes of ba- 
 con and a calk of w ine from the eovernor )f Hifpani- 
 ola, but declinid to take any of^thc men on board, 
 and excufcd himfelf by faying that he could not take 
 them all ; then weighin» anchor, he ftood oft' to fca 
 again the fame night, ('he mutineers, whom Co- 
 lumbus thought the arrival of this veflil might have 
 Quieted, were lent to on this occafioii, and the mcl- 
 (enger carried fome of the bacon with him by way of 
 proof. Terms were offered thtin 1 but they prcrciukj 
 to believe nothing of what wai told them ;' they went 
 even fo far as to lay, in thiir wifdom, *' That the ap- 
 " pearanceofthe caraval was nothing but a phantom, 
 " as it was will Known, that the admiral dc;ilt in cn- 
 " chantments, for if it had been a ri'ul vcllel he aiid 
 " his brother would doubtlcfs have embarked in her." 
 In cfTei^i thefe unreafonabic men would not livnr of- 
 any terms, till at laft, coming down towards the (hip>, 
 they were engaged and dcl'ratcd by tiie lieutenant ; 
 then, by compullion, they fubmitted, and weie par- 
 doned, and permitted to r.-inge abroad on the ifland, 
 Columbus (ending them a commander to rcftrain them 
 within proper bounds, and detaining Porras, tliuir 
 leader, prifontr. 
 
 I'hus matters (lood when the (hip fitted out by 
 Mendcx with the admiral's money arrival, which tostc 
 on board, indifcriininately, all the Clirillian!;, and 
 carried them to Hifpaniola, where the ijovcrnor (hewed, 
 at before, evident marks of the duplicity of his con- 
 dud. On the 2d of iiepteiiiber the admiral left th« 
 ifland, and after experiencing much danger from 
 ftorms, arrived at length at the port of St. Lucardc 
 BerraoMda, fr«m whence, in May 1505, he fat out 
 for the court, where (Queen lubella his patroneli 
 being dead) he found the Catholic King endeavouring 
 to abridge thofe privileges which were oncu (o fix'cly 
 granted him. ilut before any new terms could be 
 (ettled, Columbus wearied out with toils, and vexed 
 with repeated difappointmcnts, expired at Valladolid, 
 on the 20th day of May, in the year, 1506. 
 
 THE FIRST VOYAGE OF VAS QJU E Z D E G A M A, 
 
 For the DlTcovery of a PafTage by Sea to the Eaft Indici. 
 
 HAVING given a recital of all the voyage* of 
 Columbus, which we thought it not proper to 
 interrupt by any other relation, at the motives of 
 them were fo evidently conneAed, we (hiril now pro- 
 ceei totho(e of Vafqucs de Oanuu whowM fent out 
 in the reign of King EmaniMl wt P«(tMg»l» tMfitd 
 3 
 
 a palTage to the Eaft Indict by fca, his grand objeft 
 being to double that Cape which Diaz hM fo luckily 
 difcovered. 
 
 Gama was already known for a man of refelution 
 and abilities, and ~one who po(rc(red a great fund of 
 knowledge in the art of navigation. Wiut three fnuril 
 
 fhlptt 
 
VASQ,tJEZ D£ GAM A. 
 
 Ihips^ and 160 men, he failed from Bclcnijon Satur- 
 day the 8th of July, 1497 ; his little flut which was 
 ' feparated fome time after, in a dark night, all happily 
 
 meeting again at Cape Vcrd. Uartholunicw Diaz, in 
 ■ fmall caraval deftincd for La Mina, bore thrm com- 
 pany till the 3d of Auguft, when he returned towards 
 Spain, and Gama proceeded on his voyage of dilcovcry, 
 and after meeting with very tempeftuous weather, on 
 the 4th of November came to anchor at an illand 
 which they called St. Helena. 
 
 But finding that the Inhabitants of that ifle, who 
 had at firft allured them to land, had hoftile inten- 
 tions, having wounded the ceweral and fome of his 
 men, the Portuguefe returned the compliment with a 
 difcharge of crols-bows from their boats, and departed. 
 They came in fight of the Cape of Go<m1 Hi)|m: in the 
 evening of the i8th, but the wind being contrary, 
 they flood out to fca, turning again towards the Ihorc 
 ■t night. And thus they tacked till the 20th, when 
 at laft they doubled that cape, and fn\ind themfelves 
 at large in the Indian Ocean, failing along a picafaut 
 and not unfruitful coaft. 
 AnCTs Jel Landing, on the 24th, at a place called Angra del 
 
 Bli^ Bias ; they were at firft kindly received by the people, 
 
 who, notwithftanding, meditated mifchief, and lay in 
 ambiJlh againft them, which the party on ftiorc per- 
 ceiving, marched towards their boats, from whence 
 being fuccoured^n engagement would have enfued, but 
 the Portuguefe not delmning tohurt any of the natives, 
 went on board, and only iired two pieces of ordnance, 
 which fo much affrighted them, that they drop|>ed 
 their weapons ; fome of the men, however, fetting up 
 a pillar with the King of Portugal's arms, it was im- 
 mediately pulled down by the negroes, who would en- 
 dure no fuch monument of that prince's claims tu be 
 creililed in their country. 
 
 After their departure from hence, they met with 
 fiormy weather, and on the nth of January, being 
 near land, along which they coaftcd for fome time, 
 at length two of the com|»ny (one of whom was 
 Martin Alonfo) were ordered to go on fhorc. Here 
 thev prefented the king of the country with a cap, a 
 jacket, and a pair of (lockings, with which, being all 
 red, his majelty was highly delighted ; they gave him 
 alfo a copper bracelet, though the country ubouiulcd 
 with that metal. The king having dilplayed this 
 amazing finery to his fubje£ts, invited Alonfo tofup- 
 per with him on a boiled hen and millet, and, in effect, 
 he and his people were fo obliging to the Chriffians, 
 that the general gave the place the appellation of The 
 knd if gotd peaph. They appeared extremely fond of 
 linen, which they were willing to purchafe at a high 
 rate. Their weapons were iron darts, and bows with 
 arrows o( that metal, and copper, as has been already 
 obferved, was plentiful among them. Their houfes 
 were but ftraw-thatched Iheds, yet not ill furniffied. 
 The proportion of the females to the males was two 
 to one in favour of the former, and both fexes ap- 
 peared to be equally obliging and tradlablc. 
 
 Having rcfreihed themfelves at this place, they 
 proceeded 50 leagues beyond Sofalda (ellcemed the 
 ancient Ophir) where Gama and Captain Coello, on 
 the 24th of January, went up a wide river in their 
 boats : here they found a people of a free and civil 
 difpofition, fome of the women were tolerably liand- 
 fome, and none lecmed at all furpiifed at the con- 
 ilru£lio(i of the European fhips, aflcrting, that ihey 
 had lecn velTels of as large fize, and giving their gueffs 
 to undcrffand that they were of a diffant country. 
 Two of their chief men came on board Gamu's Ihips, 
 where they were well regaled. On their return, they 
 fent down fome piece* of callico to be fold, feemed 
 very willing to traffic, and held a friendly corrcfpon- 
 dence with the Chriftians. Here Gama ereiled a 
 mark, and hit (hips were repaired, in order to pro- 
 ceed on their voya2e. But while they were thus 
 employed, numbm of the men Cell Tick, their bodies 
 Sjckncfi of tin being oloated, and their gumt fwclling and rotting 
 Psnuguefc. with an intol«nble ftendl. A* cutting was the 
 «nly cure, many died «f dw cwft^ueiucs of that 
 V.OL.L No. «« 
 
 operation. Ncvcrilivrlefs from tfic good receptioh 14Q8 
 the Portuguefe met with here, which Gama look-> ^ , »« ^ 
 cd upon as a good omen of his future fucccfs, he 
 called this rirer Rio tit Buinos SinefSt or 'fht rivtr if 
 gtodfigm, which he left on the 14th of January. 
 
 Afterwards lliey fell in with leveral Klands, near 
 one nfwiiich they came to an anchor, when many of 
 the natives came oft' in their boats. I'liey were of a 
 black complexion) and cloathcd in cullico, having 
 tiirh.ins of filk wrought with gold on their heud^, 
 their weapons and manners relembling thofe of the 
 .VIoors, though they did not fcem at all willing to 
 pafs under that denomination^ They fpoke the A- 
 labic language, in which they informed the Portu- 
 guele, th.it the country belonged to a great king, and 
 that the ifland was called Mozambique, adding, that 
 the people carried oil -i. trade with the Moors o) India, ^ iczambiciur. 
 for precious Hones, fpices, and other articles of 
 caffern trade. 
 
 On this information, Coello, with the fmaliefl 
 fliip, failed up the harbour, to which he w.is con- 
 dudtcd by the natives, and anchored before the prin- 
 cipal town of Mozambique) which is fituatc in 15 
 deg. fouth lat. Gama found it inhabited by Moore^ 
 trading to the Red Sea, in large ihlps without decks, 
 and i'on(lrui5tcd without nails, being fcwcd together 
 with the filaments of the cocoa tree. The houfes were 
 built with hurdles, and that of their chief had mud 
 walls. The inhabitants were Mahometans, the na- 
 tives of the continent blacksi The Portuguefe were 
 amazed to find that tlic mariners here had charts, and 
 made ufe of a compafs of a fqiiarc figure, to direct 
 them in their trading voyages. 
 
 As foon as all the llilps had entered the harbour} 
 the Scliiek and his principal people came to vifit the 
 Chrinians, whom they inillook for Moors, and were 
 afliduous in fending them provifions and prefents ; 
 but when Gama, in return, fent him brafs bafon<:, 
 coral, and hawks bells, he feemed much diflalis- 
 fied becaufc he had not been prefented with any 
 fcarlet. However, the Moors continued to treat 
 the Portuguefe with refpe<ft, till by fome queftions 
 that the Schick put to them, he found out his error, 
 after which he and his people thwarted them in every 
 thing. They had promiled Gama two pilot*;, but 
 having fent him only one, when he went in his boat 
 to demand the other, they endeavoured to entrap him 
 by perfuading him to come clofe into the harbour { 
 but the general fu<pei5ling treachery, fired upon them, Treachery of 
 and retreated to his Ihips, which were comiiij^ forward ilie ScliiJk. 
 to his affiftancr. Nor would the Schick afterwards 
 permit the fliips to take in water, till at lad the men 
 landed and took it away by force, and the general 
 being afl'urcd by a white Moor who came on board, 
 that the Portuguefe muft not expcdl any favour now 
 they were known to be Chriffians, Gama failed up, and 
 bringing his guns to bear, cannonaded the town, to the 
 great terror of the inhabitants, after which he depart- 
 ed thence, intending for Quiloa, but the currents 
 carrying him beyond that place, went to Mombafia, 
 an illand clofc ir, with the continent, where he arrived Mombafli. 
 on the 7th of April. 
 
 He found the country fertile, abounding with or- 
 chards, and ftored with the moft delicious fruits which , 
 grow in thofe latitudes. The city was feated on a 
 rock, the houfes were well built, and the ftreets con- 
 veniently difpofed. The produce of tlie land was 
 ivory, wax, and honey, with a great port for mer- 
 chandife. The drcfs of the inhabitants in general ^ 
 
 was rich i the women were arrayed in filks, ornamented, 
 with gold and jewels. 
 
 Gama, who had already feen a fpecimcn of Moor- 
 ifh treachery, being vifited in the night, as his ihip 
 lay without the bar, by a boat, in which were 100 
 armed men, who demanded to be brought to the ge- 
 neral, he permitted only four to come on board after 
 having left their weapons behind them. Thefe men 
 told him there were Chriftians at Mombafla, faid their 
 king ivould caufe 'the Portuguefe fliips to be loaded 
 with Alices, and offered lo take feme of thmi Pn ihoie 
 K and 
 
to 
 
 THE FIRST VOYAOE OP 
 
 ?fel>n>!>. 
 
 ^: 
 
 and (htw thrm the city. I'he oflfler was accepted, and 
 CvTtain Portu^iicfe were fcnt to view the place, with 
 prc-fcnts lor their prince, who received them kindly, 
 lending them back with famples of fpiccs and corn, 
 and promii'vd to traffic with them for thefe and other 
 commodities. 
 
 'I"hc gviiial tliinking them fincere in their pro- 
 feflions, lailed iip the h.irl«iur the next morning, 
 hut his Qiip llriking on a Ihoal, he was obliged tncalt 
 anchor again. 'I'hc Moors on board and the pilots 
 , immediately jum|Kd into the fe>i, nor could the 
 natives by any mnins be |Krfuadcd to deliver up the 
 latter. Phis railing fiilpicions, two of the people 
 broui'ht from Mozambiiiiie being put to the torture, 
 confcflcd that the dcflruiition of the (hip had been 
 refolved upon, and that the pilots fearing they were 
 difcoviri'd, had leaped overboard to avoid punifli- 
 nient. The Moors in the night attempted to cut the 
 (hip's ciblc, which they failed of accomplif.ing, and 
 when (he wai got ott'the (hoal, Gama had no inclin- 
 ation to remain any longer at Mombafla. He was now 
 convinced that the Mahometans in that place muft 
 have heard what the fleet liad dofK at Mozambique, 
 hr therefore weighed anchor on the 13th, and on the 
 fame day came before Melinda, having taken in his 
 way a little pinnace, with 17 Moors and a quantity 
 of L'old and rtlv er on board. 
 
 fllelimla lies in 3' of foiith lat. The city was 
 found to be feated on a rcKky coaft, hut the country 
 about it picafant and fruitful. The natives from the 
 waill downwards were cloathed with filk and cotton 
 ftufTs, wilh tuibans of filk and gold. They were 
 gm),1 horfemcn and archers, though molHy left-handed, 
 and the women, in general, beautiful, and richly 
 drclRd. The produce of the country confifts of gold, 
 ivory, pitch and u"ax, which were exchanged with the 
 merchants of Cambaya and Guzarat fur fpiccs and 
 other Indian commodities. 
 
 ^Vhen Gama came to an anchor here, he found 
 nobotly would venture to fend out any boats from the 
 town, which he attributed to the fight of the pinnace 
 he had taken j he therefore iook an old Moor from 
 among the prifoners he had made, and caufed him to 
 be left on a flioal, in fight of the city, in order that 
 he might be fetched ofF by fomc oft" his countrymen. 
 This llratagem fucceeded, for a boat was immediately 
 fent for him, and he bL-ing properly inlVruifted, carried 
 prcfents from the general to the king, with orders «o 
 fay that thedefign of the Portuguefc was to enter into 
 a treaty with him, and the next day Gama came up 
 towards the city, anchoring near lome (hips which 
 fcemed filled with Indian Chriftian*. Thefe men were 
 brown, well (haped and wore long white callico 
 gowns, had large beards and lone; hair, which was 
 plaited up under their turbans. I'hey paid their de- 
 votions to a piiJhire of the Virgin Mary and fome 
 Apoftles, which the general (hewed them to try if they 
 were really Chriltians. They had fome little know- 
 ledge of the Arabic language, and came from Cran- 
 ganor, but could give no account of Calicut, which 
 was the principal objeift of the general's enquiry. 
 The king of Melinda came the next day in a great 
 boat to vifit him richly .-ittired, a fcarf being rolled 
 round his head, while a hat of crimfon fattin lay on 
 a cufliion by him. Twenty Moors richly drelTed at- 
 tended him, he had alfo his fword-bearer and mufi- 
 cians, and in every refpeil kept much ftate and gran- 
 deur. Gama went in his boat to meet him, when he 
 was in\'ite-d on board the royal barge, where the 
 king having afked him many queftions, and learned 
 his country and the place of his deftination, promifed 
 htm a pilot to condudl him to Calicut ; after which 
 he invited him to court, but this favour the general 
 declined for the prefent, promifing to call in nis re- 
 turn. While he ftayed there, however, he was wit- 
 iiefs to fome mock fights, which (hewed him the 
 nature of making war in that country. Being pro- 
 vided with a pilot, and all things necefTary, he pro- 
 ceeded on his voyage on the 22d of April, having left 
 with the king the thirteen Moors, wb«m he had taken 
 
 rifnncrs, a prefent which proved very aCCfptable n 
 is Miijclly. 
 
 We have already obferved, that Gama's defiena- 
 tion was for Calicut, which lies on the coaft of Ma-Cntft of M*> 
 labar. In order to give air idea of that part of India, labti. 
 it may be prupcr toobfirrvc, that it is 03 leagues from 
 Mount Oi.hli to Cape Cnmorin, including the Ma> 
 labar cnalt, which comprifed fevcn gentile kingdoms. 
 The firftof thefe w.is Cananur 1 the fecond Calicut, 
 of which the city of the fame name was the metro- . 
 polis j the third Crangiuior ; the fourth Cochin t 
 the fifth Horka ; the lixth Coulan ; and the fevenfh 
 Travaiikor, near Cape Comorin. TI.e kings of Ca- 
 nanor, Calicut, and Coulaii wore the only indspen- 
 dent nionarchs in thefe parts ; the rclt were only petty 
 princes. 
 
 'I'hc king of Calicut was cMei The Samorin, or 
 emperor, for which di(}ini!tlon there were various 
 reafons alli^ncd. '('he Itorv generally believed at that 
 lime .tinoiig the native Indians was, that the Arabi- 
 ans having difeovered India about 6co years fince, 
 when a pnnee nanud IViimal, reigned over all the 
 Malabar kingdom--, thefe ftrangers, who were Maho- ' 
 metans, coming to Coulan which was then the 
 capital, perfuaded the king to change his ancient for 
 their more modern fu|)erllition, and this bigottcd 
 monarch going on a pilgrim'.ir;e to Mecca, divided 
 among his kindred all his dominions except Ca- 
 licut, which he bequeathed to his page (who was 
 alfo related to him) giving him the title of Samorin 
 (or emperor) which the princes of Calicut ftill retained 
 when Gama grrivcd on their coafts. 
 
 He found the city of Calicut fituate on an open 
 (hore i by which means there was no harbour, but City of r»B. 
 only an open road for the (hipping. The town«<"> 
 was lari;c, but the palaces and temples were the only 
 (lone buiUlings in the place, the houfes being gene- 
 rally compofed of hurdles. Gama came to anchor 
 on the 20th of May, about fix miles from the city, where Gima 
 to which he was afterwards condu(fteel, and ca(t an-ancliuu. 
 chur again on the oiitfide of the bar. As foon as he 
 found It convenient he i<;nt his boats on (hore with 
 one of his banifhed men, who found in the city a 
 Moor called Uontnybo. This man knowing him 
 for a Portuguefe immediately demanded with tokens 
 of great nltonilhment. What brought him and hi» 
 countrymen into thofe feas ? Being afterwards con- 
 dudte<l to the general, Bontaybogave a(rurances of his 
 fricndfhip, and congratulate-d him en having difeover- 
 ed a new paflage to fo rich a country. 
 
 By the advice of this friendly Moor, Gama (int 
 immediate notice of his arrival to the Samorin, who 
 was then at a village about five leagues diftant, in- 
 fpired with the exptdlation that his commercial de- 
 figns would be favoured by a prince, the chief part 
 of wliofe revenues, as he undcrftuod, arofe from 
 trade. 
 
 In the mean time the Samorin being informed of h^ jj ii,»iiej 
 all that was pafling, and poflibly at that time well to Padaruic. 
 enough inclined towards the Kuropeans, fent a pilot to 
 bring the general to I'adarane, who being cautious 
 how he trufied to ftrangers, at firft was not very 
 willing to enter fir into the port. Having received 
 pcrmiliion to bnd wherever he pleafcd, Gama called 
 a council, in which he fignified to the members his 
 intention of eoing to the emperor (whom he conceived 
 to be a chriftian prince) and fettling a treaty of com- 
 merce with him. He w.is advifed oy his brother to 
 fend fome other |>erfon in his Ifcad ; but in this mat- 
 ter he fuftercd hisearnelHefircof bringing hisprojedt 
 to bear, to get the better of his caution, though what- 
 ever opinion he might entertain of the prevalence of . 
 the Chriftian religion at Calicut, he had been fores- 
 warned of the inimical difpofition of the Moors that 
 came to traffic in thofe pajts. 
 
 On the 28th of May, Gan» landed in as great ftatc The Portu- 
 ai his circumftanccs would permit, and fet out for V^* '•""• 
 the Samorin's palace. On their way thither, the 
 ftrangers were followed 6y great crowds, and a mi- 
 nillcr of the emper«F, called the Curvval, (bewed them 
 
 . ., much 
 
V A S Q.U E Z D E G A M A. 
 
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 much refpeA. By him the Kner;il and hi« people 
 were pcrfuaded to enter a temple, which (having' their 
 heads full of the idea of Chriltianity in India) they 
 conceived from certain exprefrionn and cercnionifs 
 ■' '' ' of the Indians to be dedicated to the Virgin Mary. 
 
 In thii apprchenfion they fell down and voilhipped 
 there, though the placi- was full of frightful idols : 
 One of the company however obfervcd, " That if the 
 •doration was meant to be paid by the natives to the 
 devil, yet he meant to pay his devotions to God." 
 
 Being arrived at the palace, they tounci it large, 
 well fitualcd, and accommodated with ildiglitlul gar- 
 dens. G.ima w:.» received at the gate by an old high 
 prielt, who conduiSted liini in lliiougU a guard tliat 
 prcfled ibhard as to (qucczc Icvcral of the natives to 
 death, and greatly to incommode tiic Hortugiieie, 
 thouch the latter h.vl officers appointed on puipole 
 l.«d"la'ibJ">o clear the way for them. When ihey were ad- 
 mitted, they found the hall ot audience tomcwhat to 
 refemble a theatre in its interior form, the floor be- 
 ing covered with velvets, the walls hung with filk, 
 and the feats rifing above each other in regular grada- 
 tion. The king was a man of an olive complexion 
 advanced in years, and of a cominanding »\]v:it 
 He reclined, under a canopy, on a (ett.e of white 
 filk, embroidered with gold. His cloat'iing was of 
 white callico, wrought with flowers of gold, the 
 buttons being all large pearls. He had rings let with 
 jewels in his ears, and his fingers and toes were or- 
 namented in the fame manner. His arms and legs 
 though otherwifc naked, were likewife adorneil with 
 cold rings ; and lie was fervetl with betel nut (which 
 he chewed with fait and areka) in a golden baton, 
 having another ready for him to I'pit into, which was 
 m.ndeof the fame metal, and a golden fountain that 
 furnilhed him with water to wafh his moulh after his 
 chewing. This prince wore a crown in fti.ipe of a 
 mitre, which was ornamented with precious (tones of 
 various colours and fizcs. 
 
 In themidft of all this ftate, Gama having made 
 his reverence, was ordered to advance, and was leatcd 
 near the emperor, ; his followers, who entered after- 
 wards, beiiifj placed on the oppofitefide. When they 
 Cal!e<! *"or drink, water was Icrved them out of a gol- 
 den cup with a fpout from which they were obliged to 
 pour it into their mouths w ithout touching their lips, 
 (which the Moors there reckoned an imiclicatecuftom) 
 but in endeavouring to ufe this method, fomc of the 
 Chriftians wetted their cloaths, ami caufcd diverfion 
 to the courtiers ; whilft others overcharging their 
 throats, began to fall into fits of coughing or to 
 throw it up again, which greatly embarraflcd them, 
 as they had been informed the Samorin kept luch 
 ftate that it was reckoned an affront to let any one's 
 breath reach him, or to cough, fpir, or fncezc in his 
 prcfence. 
 
 Gama wasdefired to declare his bufinefs to the cm- 
 tlinnddiveripero.'s officers, but he rcfufed in quality of an am- 
 lii> cmLiH)'. balfador, to make it known to any but that prince 
 himfelf, and a few felefied from his council. This 
 being agreed to, Gama and Fernan Martinez, were 
 condiiftcd into another apartment, where the In- 
 tlian interpreter, the chief bramin, the betel fcrver 
 and the comptroller of the houfhold, were the only per- 
 fons prcfeiit when the Samorin received the cmbafTy, 
 which the general delivered in the name of the king 
 of Portugal, who, he faid having heard of Chriftian 
 princes in the Indies, of whom he conceived the em- 
 peror of Ca4icut to be the chief, was defirous of cor- 
 re(j)onding with him. The general received a favour- 
 able anfwer ; and not chufmg to lo<lge among the na- 
 tives, when it grew late, was conduced to an apart- 
 f mcnt provided for him by the Samorin's command, 
 
 •Thus far all went well ; but the next day when 
 oij.-flionito Gama refolvedto fend the emperor a prefent, which 
 the prc'fcnt. confifted of fcarlet, coral, brafs, fugar, oil and ho- 
 ney, the Cutwal would by no means allow it to be 
 carried to court, as not being rich enough ; obferv- 
 ing that his maftcr expelled gold from fo great a mo- 
 narch as the ktjtg of Portugal ; the general excufcd 
 
 himfelf by f.iyiiig that tlulV thing". oiic;ht rather folii* t4;8 
 
 corilidcreJ as a prereiil (rem hiiiifilf il'.Jn fniiii his ^ » * 
 priiicf, who ddiilitlcis wmilJ fi ml liinulliin;^ It.uic 
 (iiitable as (boil ashelhmildbe iiiinr.iiiil id rhe^iva;- 
 Mcfs of thccnipirur, .iiiu hi', reli'luin'ii nl currilpoud- 
 inp with him and tradin.: with hi> liihjecls. 
 
 But all this availed nothing, thf iMoois havin-; al- 
 ready prejudiced the court a^ainll hiiii. Kor tiai, 
 the arrival of thefe ttraiigrrs at Calicut lliouUI prove Anit'ccs of 
 a hindrance to th.-it tradr,' which they tliiinftlve.> had '"-^iiwrt. 
 monopolifed, they rcl.iud with many cxaji.;t rations 
 all that had happened at Mozambiijiie and along the 
 African coall : in concliilion, chrerviiij! tli.it tUvU: 
 things beiiii; confidered, together vvitli tlie fnialhicls 
 of the prefent which Gama broiijiht, he ought rather 
 to be confidered as funic pirate or needy adventurer 
 than as the anihafl'ador of a great kiii^'. 
 
 The general war. however admitted again to the .Sa- 
 morin's prefcnce, who received him at firll with an 
 angry countenance complaining of his delay of rtfort- 
 ing to court, which, in fac^, had been occafioneil by 
 the difpute with the Cutwal and others about llic pre- Tlic ''amnriu'i 
 fents. Afterwards this piincc demanded, VV'httln^r lui^icion,. 
 fo extraoTliinary an adventurer had liecii feiit to dillo- 
 vcr ftojics or men ? b^-'caule he obfervcd that if tlie 
 latter was the object, prefcnts ought to have been f.nt 
 to him. At lall (his crcat k'Pj; d.f cniled fo 1< a* as 
 toafkof the gcncr.d a Saint Maiyihat he conceived Mi- avarice. 
 to be gold, and which, tliou^h (i.-.ma alRrieJ it w.as 
 onlv gilt wood, yet he rtfufed to p.irt with oil a liip- 
 pufition that it had prefcrud him from the dingers of 
 tlw fea. After h.iving uied all his endeavours to 
 find out whether his i^uell was really a pirate or a 
 fugitive, the emperor feenied well pleafcil, on !uar- 
 ing a letter from the king of Portu.vil read and inter- 
 preted, as it related to the cdablilhinj a commercial 
 connexion between his fubjeifts and the mcrcliants of 
 Calicut, which had all the appearance of a mutual 
 benefit. 
 
 But notwithftanding this interview feemcd to have 
 produced favourable elfeiils, the Moors equally in- 
 fluenced by cunfiderations of intereft and of religion, 
 ceafed not to plot auainil Gama, whom at firft they 
 would have perfuailed the Cutwal to aflalTinatc. 
 Though this fchcmedidnot take elVedt, yet that of- 9'''"* '""»" 
 ficer confined the general, and ufcd evtry artifice to"'" 
 feizc the Portuguclc (hips j but the firmn.fs of the 
 prifoncr defeating this dcfign alfo he had recourfc to 
 another method of proceeding, namely that of urg- 
 ing him to caufc all his goods to be landed, which 
 he thought by thofc means fccretiy to fecuie ; and 
 therefore on that condition promifcd to let him goon 
 board his vcfll'l in fafety. 
 
 Though little confidence was to lie placed in fuch 
 a man, yet Gama promifcd to fend for the mcrchan- 
 dife in cafe fomc almadias or Minnaces of the country j,,|, ^f ^^^^ 
 wcredifpatched to bring them o.i (liore, as he faid his cjignfcnton 
 brother (whom he had prcvioufly infiructed) would llwie. 
 never truft the (hips boats to land men or j;oods with- 
 out being authorifed by his prcfence. The matter 
 being thus fettled, he wrote word. That he was con- 
 fined, but otherwife well enough ufcd. In this let- 
 ter he ordered his brother to fend part of thegooils, 
 obfen'ing, that (hould he afterwards be det.iiind, it 
 mud be looked upon that the Samorin meant to keep 
 him prifoncr ; in which cafe he commanded the flrips 
 to fail back without him, and to folicir the court of 
 Portugal immediately to difpatch a Itrong fleet to hii 
 relief. 
 
 The goods were fent accordingly, and the general ^••"'^ tct«rin 
 being fet at liberty, returned ti, i'us (hips ; but the ha- '"""""l"- 
 trcd of the Moors, who now faw their enemy removed 
 our of their reach, incrcafing with their difappoint- 
 ments, they contrived to hinder the faleof his com- 
 modities ; and though the emperor, on Iwing in- 
 formed of theCs proceedings by (Jama, appcarcdmnch 
 oflTended with ihr Cutwal, yet that officer was not 
 punifhcd, nor was this infolence of the Moors at all 
 redrained. The goods being however removed to Ca- 
 licut, the fale was opened, and the Portuguefe, by 
 11 their 
 
n 
 
 ft^t tu ili« b>- 
 ■orin. 
 
 T ML KIR*T VOYAGE Of 
 
 The mertlnger 
 tontincd. 
 
 The genecil 
 iiitkeii rcpri' 
 
 Hit plan (uc> 
 ends. 
 
 An attack in- 
 tended on tlM 
 Beet. 
 
 »*« 
 
 ilicir coinni.indcr's permiiTton, vifitcil tlir ■ ity \ but 
 not without U'ing frequently infultH by tlir Maho- 
 mct.ina witu wrrc heartily vexui that'ihr i;eiu'ral 
 would not laml again I from which hv w.tttliiruaded 
 by the friendly Moor Hontayho. 
 
 Gnma, who had little reafontobe f4ti<>rird with hi> 
 fituatinn, preparing to depart, ordered l)i;iz to ro 
 with a prefcnt to the emperor, Uefiring, that if the 
 latter had any intention ot fending an aniball'ador to 
 Portugal he might be difpatched immediately, at the 
 fleet was about to fail. 
 
 The prcfent was delivered to the faflor, and the Sa- 
 morinonly anfwcredthat if G.ima wm rL-folvcd to de- 
 part, he mould cxpct^ 600 lharitin'< to lie paid accord- 
 ing to the cultom of that port. Diaz wui atfu de- 
 tained, and a proclamation made, forbidding any one 
 from the city to go on board the fleet ; yet Bontaybo 
 went, and having nbferved upon the ticltle temper of 
 the emperor, warned Guma of the hazard he mult 
 run, In cafe he ihould (lay till the arrival nf the fleet 
 from Mecca, which would doubtlcfs take him. There 
 needed no more to fet a prudent man upon his guard. 
 Gama contrived foon afterwards to fecure fome prin- 
 cipal men that came on board, and then fent a letter 
 demanding his faAor and fecretary, but thefu not be- 
 ing returned as he expected, he put to fca immedi- 
 ately. 
 
 The Indians perceiving his refolution funt u boat 
 after him, the crew of which told him th.-it his |>co- 
 ple were fafe in the king's palace, and that ti.ev 
 would be fent to him the next day. Gama anfwered. 
 That it might be fo, but hecxpe«ed to fee them or re- 
 ceive letters from them, otherwifc he would fink the 
 next boat that (hould dare to approach him ; adding. 
 That if they were finally refolved not to re (lore his 
 men, he would put to death thofc of theirs that he 
 had in pofleflion. 
 
 This threat had the defired efftA ; for the next day 
 the perfons demanded were brought, and put on board 
 the (hip's boat at the place where Gnma came to an 
 anchor, not daring to come near his (hip. By them 
 a letter was alfo fent to the king of Portugal, which 
 was to the following purport: 
 
 " Vafqutz de Gama, a gentleman of thy hotifc, 
 " came to my country, of whofe coming I was glad. 
 " In my country there is plenty of cinnamon, cloves, 
 " pepper and precious (tones. The things that I am 
 " deurous to have out of thine are fflver, gold, 
 «' coral, and fcarlct." 
 
 The inftncerity of the emperor's profeflions how- 
 ever appeared fo plainly that Gama fent back only the 
 * Nayres, and when, after many endeavour* uled to 
 deceive him, he found he could not get his merchan- 
 dife returned, he declared he would take the red of the 
 natives of the country with him, to confirm his hav- 
 ingdifcovered the pafface to India, fmce the Samorin 
 had refufed to fend fuch commodities as he had defired 
 for a confirmation. 
 
 He had not got above a league from Calicut, be- 
 fore he was furprifed by the apjKarance of a number 
 of boats which purfued the fleet, but by means of his 
 ordnance and a fre(h gale that fprung up, he avoided 
 the danger. Previous to this, Bontaybo's goods be- 
 ing feized on (here, he had fled to the general for 
 (helter, and he was now employed to write a letter to 
 the emperor, expatiating on the advantage that would 
 rcfult to his fubJKts from trading with the Portueuefe 
 who, as he promifed, would return as fpeedily as 
 poffible to thofc coa(h with the wares and mercban- 
 difes that were required. 
 
 • Or nobleman. 
 
 •)• Thii man wat >(tcrwards baptifed, became a f;a«l cnho- 
 lie, and wai carried to Portugal. He (aid the dcl'ifni of the 
 Lord of Goa was to make the PoRuguere when he had taken 
 ihciBf (cnre luainliUwanigaiBftlteMighboHringfrincci. 
 
 Some davs afterwards another attack wm mida 
 upon them by piratCK, one of whofe vcAcli they took, 
 (after having driven the reft clofe to (here ) and found it 
 lidvii with vocoas and molallcs, having alfo a quantity 
 of weapons on board. Arriving at a little iflnnd wiin 
 four others in the neighbourhood, called Anfaiidiva, 
 the Portiigucfe were in danger of a furpriio from fomt 
 nf the fame vifitants i but being warned by the nn- 
 lives, the ordnance waa fired at the free booterit, oiid 
 they ntrintcd with precipitation. 
 
 (laina now received a mvfliige from one Za- 
 haius the lord of Goa, who invited him in a veif 
 friendly manner to. his country. Out the mrtlchger 
 being lufpedied for a fpy, and accordingly put to (he 
 torture, he ronfi-fled that this iiiviution was meant 
 only as a fnare to entrap and fci/e the Portuguefv^ 
 which they thus luckily avoided falling into, by the 
 warincfs of their commander f. 
 
 Contrary winds, alternate (lorma and calms, and a 
 ficknrfs which proved epidemical, rendered the voyage 
 from Anfandiva very trnublcfome, till, at length a fa> 
 vourable gale, brought the fleet in fight of Mogadoxo, 
 at the id of February, at a time when they had rea« 
 fon to believe they were near Mr>ziimbiutie. 
 
 The city appeared larse and well built, furrounded 
 with walls. In the middle ((ood a large palace on t 
 rifing ground ■, but the inhabitants being Moors, Ga> 
 ma was fo far from having an inclination to land there, 
 that he caufed hisgreat guns to be loaded and fired at 
 the walls as he pallvd along, which did them confidc- 
 rable damage, and then purfued his courfo for 117 
 leagues towards Melinda, as he hod at firU intended. 
 
 Here the general and his men met with vi-ry kind cn- 
 tainmcnt, but (layed only five days, Icll the winter 
 (houldovertakethemat lhec.ipe( in tlicirwayto which 
 they touched at the ifland of Zanzibar, where he found 
 the inhabitants, though Moors, well difpodtd to- 
 wards the Portugucfc, who had been obliged by this 
 time to burn one of their veflcls, named tM St. Ra- 
 pliaci, becaufe ficknefa had fo much leffened their 
 nimbers, that there were not hands fitfficient to man 
 th( (hips and bring them home in fafety. 
 
 Having again refrcihed his men at St. Bias ; the 
 
 n:ral proceeded, and doubled the Cape of Good 
 
 upc on the 25th of April, after which a favoura- 
 ble jale fprung up, which continuing for twenty 
 days, brought nim to St. Jago, one of the Cape Vera 
 iflanils, where a tempcft fcparating the (hips, Coello'a 
 vefl'el was the firft that reached Lilbont , while Gama, 
 after having weathered the ftorm, leaving his (hip 
 at St. Jago, hired a velTel to carry him home. He put 
 in at the Terreras in his way, where his brother 
 Paul ^vho had lone been in an ill (tate of health ex- 
 pired. Having pawl the laft tribute to his memory, 
 the G<.-neral departed from the Tcrccras, and (leering di- 
 really for Portugal, arrived at Belem in September, 
 after having been two years and two months upon a 
 voyage full of perils and difficulties, by the accom- 
 pli(hinent of which he acquired the honour of being 
 regiftcred as the firft adventurer that evcrdifcovered a 
 palTage to the £a(l Indies by fea, and of opening a 
 frc(h channel of commerce to the nations of Europe 
 with thofc rich and plentiful countries. Other voy- 
 agers of the fame nation following his track eftabliihed 
 fa£lories in thofe remote regions, and Gama himfelf 
 returned thither in 1 502. Of thefe ccpeditions we 
 (hall fpeak hereafter ; but (hall now pi^dteed according 
 to the plan laid down to give an account of the cir« 
 cumnavigators; beginning with the unfortunate 
 Maghellan, who peri(hed in the uttdertakinc. 
 
 THE 
 
 '*9$ 
 
 Another at- 
 tack lielaaiadt 
 
 tntcndad trta^ 
 chary nf tlic 
 Lotil of Ook 
 
 MogadoKv 
 
 f?; 
 
 Zinzitiar. 
 
 St. Blai, 
 
 Tlie RcncraRi 
 arrival ai Be- 
 Icm. 
 
 X He wai rufpcAed of defign in this reparation, which (mm 
 affirmed he effcAed oily on puipoTc to be the firll that flioul)! 
 bring the CMttofPanugal lU aewiadlw impoftani iitut^ 
 very. 
 
[ >i J 
 
 THE VOYAGE OT rERDINAM) MAGIIKLLAN'. 
 
 •5'? 
 
 .u*ti-.l in Pur 
 
 AcccptcJ in 
 Spain. 
 
 He i* cnvlc'l 
 In llic 5|)an- 
 iardt. 
 
 Sets omonli 
 
 CipVlllllUl). 
 
 nifcciilcit! 
 onioi'.g liij 
 men. 
 
 MAr.riKLI-AN was ;i n.ili\c of P..ilii|'iil, .1 
 (■iniUmaii by Imlli, .iml a folJiir liy iirulil- 
 
 ' dim. Ilu liuil (irvtil histnuiury i" tin" liuii.m ;l^wfll 
 as Al'iaMii wars I haviiiR been iin|<l">ul in thofe ix- 
 piilitjoiis whiili lutccfdul Ci.inia'^ ililnmiy, ami 
 which at I. ii);th brought Malaii.i, tjoa uiiU Oiniuz 
 uiuIlt the I'ortnguiro iii)minioii. 
 
 'I'hoiinh the pallam- from thi.> Allantic to tin l',ici- 
 fic ocean which Coliniibiis wint in ((.arrh oi, liail ne- 
 ver bcrn diCcovcrcil, yet V.iCtnK/, Niim/, ilr liill)i..i 
 having difcoviri.il the \.M iiKiitioneil (x:.i lioni ilic 
 mountains of I'antas, in the proviiuc ot I'ajiaina, 
 Ma^hellan from hence concilvnl .in iile.i of unilcr- 
 t.ikui^r the ilreuninavi(;ation of the -lobe, wliiih lu' 
 
 ' full loinniunaateil to his court, bui biiiin llii;hteil in 
 that |Milii.ular, and mecliny with Innif other ilif.ip- 
 poinlmrnts •, he refolvtd to quit I'm ui^al, and m.ilce 
 his propof.ds to Charles V. thui kinj vi Spain and 
 emperoi ot (jerniany. 
 
 I'Vl.i-'hi Man failed not to obluvc.lo this prince that 
 all the llandaand iVlolucta ill.iiuls mull of ri,ht fall 
 to his h't, according to th^' divilion mutually con- 
 lentrdloby king John II. of I'oriugal, ami I'erdi- 
 nand, and If.ibcUa of Callile. 'I'liele ill.uiJ., he pro- 
 polid to dill over bv a welkin iu\ ligation. And the 
 project W.1S fo pkaliiiL' tolhekiiij^, that ho (^ave orders 
 for m.iking the iiceillary preparations with as nuich 
 expediliuM ;is the nature (f the fehemc would al- 
 low. 
 
 Charlc . (luppid not here, for bcfides orderiii;; five 
 vellels to be titled out with every conveniir.ee neeefl'ary 
 for the purpofe, notwithlfandinj; the opp(^llii<in made 
 by th'.' l'(<rtuguefe anibaliador, hii; iiuijelly conferred 
 upon ftlai/hellan and his companion Ruy I'alero, the 
 order of St. Ja^o, as u fpur to this aiduous under- 
 taking. 
 
 Yet, however honoured, the former was at court 
 there were noi wanting thole who greatly envied him, 
 and ttilhid to retard the e^peditio^. Hi; received 
 many iiiliilis on account of his counlry, and when 
 nil was juli iv.idy for the embarkation, it had nearly 
 been prevented by Ruy I'alero's conteftini; with the 
 admir„l thehonourof bearing the royal ihindard ; but 
 this matter being fettled, and his rival pcrfua- 
 ded to itay at home, his health not being in a Hate 
 that rendt red it prudent for him to profecutc fo long 
 ar.d unc.rtain a voyige, Maghellan took the fole com- 
 mand oi" the fquadron, and the bufinefs proceeded, 
 i'lij i''|iiadron which confilU'd of the admiral's fliip, 
 
 "the S. Aiuoiiio, Juan de Cartagena, vice admi'al ; 
 theS.J.u;", Juan Rodriguez- Serrano, and thcCon- 
 ceptiin, Cialpar de (j^iezada, mailer, lot fail from 
 Cadi<i on the lothof Au;j;ull for Ttn-iirt", where they 
 arrived in fafity tm the 2d of September, and pro- 
 ct-ded fn.u thence to Rio Jam ua on the coall of 
 Brafil. There they rel-.-Ihed t!ier.ife!ve>', taking In 
 fui.h iKiT'-ITaries .Ts they lleod in need of, and on the 
 2)th continued thoir voyage. 
 
 Al tiiis tiaic many dif|nites artfe concerning the 
 rourfe wiiicli it was heft for them to puifue, and, the 
 ficti licinj^ aneliorcd on Eaftcr day in Si. Julian's ri- 
 \(r, wliieli they h.id entered the prcculiiig evening, 
 when niafs was ordered to be faid on fhnre, the three 
 cap;..in:., Luys do Mendofa, Gafpar de (ij^iczada, 
 and Juan do Cartagena did not appear t, acircum- 
 fliiiee v.liieh nuicli dil'iiuittcd Ivfaghillan, becaufe 
 from their difolK-diencc, as well .isother circuinftanccs 
 lie Inferred thsi a fpirit of difcoiucnt reigned ainon^ 
 the majority of the fc|U.idre.n. And thus, fikc Colum- 
 bas he found it very I'iiUcull to r.dapt u proj^rlineof 
 cond.ict. To return with difgraee was what he could 
 not brook ; to piMCecd v.a.i to encounter a variety 
 Vol. I. No. y.. 
 
 
 'rf(>ir.icy 
 ,yr.-liv I. 
 
 • I ot 
 
 * lie is InitI to have hvvn tlcnicii In the ri i:n fo itnalliin 
 angmrntation ot liis pay.T^Ii-df a ducat |ii:i iiiuiuli, which un- 
 kiiiilncl) lie could nut but remember. 
 
 of perils at the I'mtk! lime tliai hi- 1';mI every thin s to 
 .ipprehend from his own penpli. In this lluiaijuii, \ 
 the weathi r growinii I. \ere, the murmuriii'.'s iiiccMf- 
 iii:', and aeonfiiiraey of the thru eapt.iiit, lieiilir fuf- 
 putid, the general called his (n/ii Ihip's crew loarn; . 
 In th<; niiaii time, as Mendofa was re.. i un; a letti r 
 h'- had fi lit him, this t "iptain was lljlibed to ih. Ii art. |^ 
 At that iiillaiit a boat was ni.mned with ahour {o of 
 the admiral's friends, who boanUd the V'iitoii ', inid 
 took (.0 prifoners ful'pecled of being conceiiud in the 
 coiifpiraey out of that and the other (h'p«. liiu (^11;- 
 /.ida only w.is iX'.eiit'd, an I .Merdofa's di ul bjd.' 
 W's oid'-red to Ir; tpi.iit'ud. — Thii , the opji'irifioil 
 111 led for that lime, and the prn|rr meafure:, were ta- 
 ken for the lleet to proried .1; I. .on as the Weather 
 v.'ould permit i lur which purptil.' li.'rrano w.is or 
 ilereil to examine the Aiiiirican coal! alMi .' '.i li.. li ihey 
 \.'er. to fail, in ordi.r tu make the ii.liii J^d difcu- 
 M.ry. 
 
 VVhile they had been thii'i detaiiud on the Brafili.ui j_ . ^,^ 
 roall, aetiirdiiig to the Spaiiilh account, lluy law nmi j.^ni, 
 of a valf (latiire, and wholvoii', ilpxiall; if in. 
 raged, refemblid the roariii:', of bull .. On et thil'o 
 came on boaid, vt'hofe voice and f.iCe u..i..- i>pull/ 
 frightful, .iiid whole heiihl wa. fueh, tint lli' li.ti 
 of a middle-fi/.ed Spaiii.iid feaicily leai.h d to hi^i 
 waid. There may be realon to think iliis ac r.uni ri- 
 ther exaggerated 1 however that miilic be, it lUns 
 that he behaved himfelf very pe.ic.ibly, and \i.e, vve'ij 
 enough falislieil wilhiverv thing ahuiit bin, till by 
 way of prcfcnting him with toys, the Spainuds put 
 (hackles upon his lej's, which as foon a^ he dllVovirid 
 to be intended to deprive him of his lilcily, ItriviP;', 
 in vain to get rid of them, he r.ivul and ro.ired molt 
 hidcoudy. Hisapp.irel conlidedof the Ikin of a Itraniri; 
 bcalf, and the fame (kin covered his legs an 1 feet ;"; 
 well as hii body, which notwithllanding thev d 'fcril.e 
 as iK'iiig painted all over i and e.ieh of his clicl;-. was 
 drawn on the figure of a llag, with |Wo red cirelci 
 round his eyes, which contributed to' render his .p- 
 pearaiicc more frightful. 
 
 Maghellan's people faid they fou.id inoft of the in- 
 habitants of thccoall apparrelled much in the fame m.-.n- 
 ncrasthis man, ami defciilic them as a raie of giant-, 
 ignorant and fupcrrtitioiis, believing their eniniirv li 
 be haunted by evil fpirits, at the apprehenfion of which 
 they fecnicd to lie extremely terrified. Their weapons 
 were bows and arrows, the bow-llrings King made 
 of fonie guts or fincws, and the arrows he.ided with 
 (harp (loiics. Their movrahle cottages v\hich, like 
 their bo<!ics, were covered with f<in-, they carried with 
 them from one place to another as occalion lirved ; 
 they devoured their meat, whieli th-'V d.d m.i Uiiii 
 to have any method of divfling, with t!i.' v^neiourncfs 
 of canihals, eating with it a eortain fni.,!l fort of 
 root, in iheir language ealLil f.',/;i-r, whit li llrvcd them 
 for bread, and drank vail quantities of v\Mter at tlu-ii" 
 me^'.ls. 
 
 The only religious ideas th^re people enteriai.icd 
 centered in the belief of two beiiigi, cue t f whom 
 they teriiiod A'i/,7«.', vho fcxired to be fiipcrio.'-, and 
 the oth'T wliom tlicy called 6'/;, /.;</<■, and whom th:v 
 looked on ar. an inferior d"iiv. In tlos barn m coun- 
 try (the inh.ibitants of which th.- Spaiii.iids termed 
 P.itagons) th-ry however let up a crofs, and took fo- 
 lemn polRffion of it. — Hut to return to the lurn- 
 tion. 
 
 Serrano who as we have obferved bcfor.-, wa.s dif- Orc:.r 'evcf- 
 patchcd on an expedition to recuiinoitro thi coa(t, uU lull, 
 found a river which wis about a league broad at the 
 entrance, ti) which he gave the name of S. Clare, 
 having firftdifcovered it on that Saint's day. He was 
 V fix 
 
 t I'hc lall. was already under .in an ell for difrufpcA Acwcd to 
 hiscummandcr. 
 
'♦ 
 
 T rr E VOYAGES OF 
 
 i5i' 
 
 ^tJ,;^rll.m 
 
 Ii »\ c^ I'liri I 1 
 
 I. .in inti Trti 
 •n lluiii.. 
 
 I.' Ii\ i|,iyi tuaniiiKiij li, .tnJ t'ldiiiig for iVal.s and WM 
 
 — ' iiltiMwnrdi rxpnlUl ti> a vi'iKnt rini|H-ll, whuh fplii 
 llie r.iils of lii'i tcOil, :iiiil III till- I'liJ wri-cknl liini 
 u|ion the ftiiiii-, v-iiili; the b<ui» crivv wen- lli\.J from 
 ihc fury of ihc ilctiunt-., hut rcJuctd to (;ti;it rx- 
 ltciiiitie» hy fuiiiiiii' mi ihilc lurrcii coafi*. In their 
 ililirrfulhi'V feiit Iw" i>l their |)coj»le lolhcii nminunJi-r 
 to uivc him iiDtiiv of their liiuaiion, whndiijutchiil a 
 tilfcl to thiir alTuUiur, and thun prtvinfi.-d tJut fati 
 which mull olhcrwili- have been inctilahle. 
 
 The general left the port of St. Julian where he 
 O.iycd fo lon)s with little fatisfa£lion, on the i4lh 
 «>f Augii(>, letting Ju.iii de Cartagena on Ihorr, ami 
 the fame punifliment wa» inflicted on I'cdro Sanchez 
 Revora, the piiell who had been found guilty ol 
 being concerned in the cunfpiracV' They were fup- 
 plieifwith a ({uanlity of provifioiis but were never 
 ncard of mote. 
 
 Sailing friini hence, on St. Urfula'« Jay, in the 
 latter end of Odlolnr the fleet came to a nromontory 
 which Vlaghellan called Cape Virgin, and peueiving 
 iin inlet, fent to examine the roall. Upon tlie dif- 
 ferent reports of the people of the vcnil.i .md Imati 
 lUt.iched for this p'.irp<ife, a council of the iluef 
 officers and pilots was called, in which Kftevan (Jo- 
 int/, pilot of the .Antonio, decUi\d for returning 
 lionie, and w.is followid l-y all the member*, the 
 general only excepted, who declared that though 
 leinpcll and famine fticulJ threaten the ftronpcil op- 
 
 Iiofiticn, he was rcfolved to ptrfevcre. 'I'he Antonio 
 leliig afterward* fent to find out a neater pallagc than 
 nny which they had ytt a rcafon to expcil, the pilot 
 li.'forc-mcntioncd, together with the purler having 
 ILibhi'd the niafli-r, carried home the Ihip i and the 
 gincral himfelf having gone in nurfuitof her in vain, 
 proceeded en his voy.ige, and at length fell in 
 Ils.liuover. *^''''' ''"^ paffagc which he had fo lone been in fcarch 
 ilic')Mi!'.if;c ' of, and in yr of fouth lat. entered thofe (Ircights 
 intoihcb.Scj. \vhich have ever fincc born his name. He was tranf- 
 ported with joy .it tlii'.. difcovcry, and named the point 
 of land from which he firft had this agreeable prufpc£t. 
 Port Defile. After failing through this ncw-difcovered 
 palfagc with all the caution nec.-flary in fuch a fitua- 
 tioM, they cnteriJ the great South Sea on the 28th 
 day of December, being one year four months and 
 eighteen days, from his fird departure fiom Spain, 
 .ind four months and foui days from his Laving I'ort 
 Julian. 
 
 On this wide cxtenii>'d ocean the fleet wandered 
 between three and four months without fi^ht of 
 land, except two uninluihilej ifland-i. Their dillrefVes 
 in the courfe of this time wire fo great, that the men 
 Wire reduced to the r.LCtrtiiy of eating the hides 
 which covered the (liip- rigjing, which tiny ileeped 
 in fait w:it<:r in order to wilder ih -m tit for chewing. 
 To this parfial f i: .'rr, i- was not wonderful that 
 iiclcmfs fhoiiM fi.tetcil. And thofe who wtre not 
 fti/cd with imnudiate lils of illncT, had the misfor- 
 tune to bu liifibltd (rom fubfifting on thefe ha.'d 
 viand', bv their juins trowing over their teeth, 
 whtrehv they were (hirvcJ to death. It was happy for 
 tilt reft th.^ they fallid all this wh !c upon a peaceful 
 * lea, imp-.lled by Lcnile h-ci?t«, frrm whence it was 
 dcno" inatcd the r.irilic Oec.iii. It was not till the 
 f)th of March that they fell in with a parcel of Iflands 
 iiirtly named the I.acirones, or illes of thieves. Here 
 "they liii'ded, .InJ f xmd them polleiW by a people 
 that (xhibitid not the le.ili ;ppearjnrc of having any 
 order or form of government prevailing among them. 
 The men went nuirely n.ik.d, their complexion 
 oli\c, their hair black .md Ion', reacliiite to their 
 waifts. The women W"re more nioJill in their man- 
 ners, wore a fort of covcrinj( of palm-tree leaves, and 
 were generally found to be induOrious. liut while 
 
 itiior.c- 
 
 * Ir i- rrii'ffil ili.it pre of tl'f ii'siilcrs ofTrrc? I ChTiHian a 
 rrown ot golcl ami .1 c.»llar, 1 .' iVv fhrciHs of cf. tViI leea.!*., hue 
 Mai;iittl»ii woulil liot i«itnU j bare^in fo uncquil tn take 
 j/licc. H'lliis Ik tru!-, it «n a pioof of a inoilcriiion wliicli 
 tl.c >^juriaiii'i in niofl 'jf !l..u ^xpciiiiiuns, 4cic li'.llc iiKliccil 
 
 theftf were bufied at liori.i-, iluii liulbaii.U and mile 
 
 relations employed ih'iiif. Ives in lliieviiig abroad ^ 
 
 and foon bti aine fu iroiililclo'iH' to thru mw ituell-i 
 
 that the Spaniards haviii.' 1 mlc .uiinred by thrratinin?, 
 
 firing upon them, and buiniiiji foine ot their houli , 
 
 (which wi're built of wood, and covered with p.ilni- 
 
 tree leaves) toditcr them from fuch pruiiim >, per- 
 
 cciving that all thii wan lu no puriiolr, dcjiartcd 
 
 from inencc and landed at /aniul, •^o leagues dillant, 2amul. 
 
 on the loth of the fame month, und the next d<>y 
 
 came to (luniiiiiin*, whit h illand they found to be Nuinmunt, 
 
 plcafant, and the people full of humanity, ready tu 
 
 accommodate thent with all the refreflir|icnl> which 
 
 the place atTordcd. 
 
 I hey aflerwardt failed lietwnn fcveial idinds, and 
 on the iilth came tu one called ttuthuan, where they Buthui'i. 
 were honuur.ibly entertained by the kiiii;. The peo- 
 ple hue, thou){h not aciiuainled with chiitlunity, 
 were obleived |or fiipnofcdj by Maghellan and liin 
 company to make the fign of the croft at their meals. 
 The king's palace fomcwhac rcfeinblcd a hay-loft, 
 being built fo high upon large pofU, that it wa> not 
 to be entered without ladders. I'he iflandtrs greatly 
 admired their new giiello, and treated them with u 
 kind of vrneratiun. The earth here wai faid to bf 
 fo rich, that large pieccii of gold, fome of the fite of 
 hazel-niitt and others as large as erg*<, wire procured 
 by fifiing the common mould of the country. 
 
 'I'he king appeared to be a well featured man, of 
 an olive complexion, was clothed in cotton, wore 
 a dagger with a ;;old haft by his fide, and was adorned 
 with a profulion of gold rings. Maghellan p/c- 
 fentcd his majelly with cloth ol various colours, and 
 his attendants with glalles, knives, and cryllal beads*. 
 1'hc illanders, who were a very lively people, fcemcd 
 to have no other religious rites than a certain cere- 
 mony which they pra^tifed, of lifting their hands and 
 eyes towards heaven, and calling on their cod Abba. 
 
 After palling among feveral illands, men of which 
 afForded barley, figs, oranges, goats, poultry, and 
 doves, and proved pleafant enough to the failors, the 
 fleet came to Zubut on the 7th of April, where their Zabui. 
 falute when they anchored in the port, atfirll put the 
 inhabitants into great terror, till the manner of the 
 compliment was explained to them. 
 
 Here the king at firU demanded tribute, but this 
 the general abfolutely rcfufed to pay ; and his Majelty 
 being told that thef:; ftr.ingers were Portuguefe, who/e 
 countrymen had before this time llormed Calicut, and 
 were renowned for their atcliicvements in India, he 
 thought fit to drop that demand, and entertained them 
 with great kindncfs and hofpitality. Maghellan had 
 influence enough to prevail upon this prince, his bro- 
 ther, and the queen to be baptized i a total abolition 
 of idolatry through the whole idand was the confe- 
 qiience, fo that in eight days all the inhabitants em- 
 braced Chriftianity. 
 
 In the ifle of Mathnn, which lies not far from ... 
 Zubut, Maghellan found his fate. The iiland was 
 under the government of two kings, from whom the 
 Chriftians demanded the acknowledgement of tribute. 
 This being refufed, an open rupture enfued, and th« 
 general, with only 60 Spaniards, gave battle to the 
 natives, whofe numbers, as they fav, amounted to 
 above 6000 men. After a long and /harp difpute, in 
 which however, the Indians loit not above fifteen, and 
 the Spaniards only nine men, Maghellan, being too 
 far engaged, was wounded with a poifoned arrow, and 
 a thrult III the head with a lance, which put a period T"!' K'"*"' 
 to his life : nor was even his body recovered from the 
 enemy. 
 
 Greatly difconeerted at the lofs of fo able a com- 
 mander, they chofe Odoardo Barbofa, a Portugiiefe, 
 and JuMi Serrano to fucceed him, who, with other!', 
 
 was 
 
 to i'^'tate. We arc told that the inl.alitanti fuffereil theit 
 gu-i.i «o cicft t ciofs ami a crown of tlinnis, Uinj; however 
 induccil to it by a piuui frauil of the gcneial i, who perfHaded 
 tlicm iliai tills crofs would prutctt tlicm from tin dan^tit fiy 
 ligl.tning and tcmpcftj to which lliofi coe: tiic! aie lubjeft. 
 
 tlisa> 
 
SIR f It A N C I S D R A K I . 
 
 CiRhuUn, 
 
 Puloan, 
 
 BorMU. 
 
 w:i<i iiivlttil lf» »n ciltttl.iin'nrn^ on (hare, \M\wn- .ill 
 lh« lomp.iny w« nudjcrcd, jiiinlrll excrpiiil. Hi* 
 v/M ri:(itvcil by the Indi.mi in h'>|H-* ot ulitaininj; it 
 ranrom (or him, but thi- rclJ ot the .S|)aniardii nttiling 
 to trrat with Cut h all 'v my on any tirm«, (.I'Icd 4WJy 
 and Ifft thin viiHm cnt ly in thi i_i («iwtr. 
 
 The romp.iny w<iivh rem . icd, 'to the iiuiiilKr of 
 80, held (HI llieir courlb luwar(l> il"- M^ 'iii.H, of 
 which M,i!;hill,in iHti.te his death h . h-u 1 tidinKi. 
 S.iiliiiii 111 llihol, thiy ihcrt burned one 01 ilu-yr Ihipt., 
 n.micii the Clin "•pti"n, in orJ*l ^>" the better niw 11 
 tiinx and (urnilii , the other Iw Krom hciici 
 thiy came to l'avil<.a'>.tni inhabited by l»l.trl", iiul 
 a Urfji: illand called Lhipf'i where there wa. [<m'''i 
 with plenty of goa'n, rici , r niltrv, and Ipico. 
 litre they were received in an mnii iililc ni.inncr, and 
 It parting the prince of the coiintiy marked his bixly 
 •nd limb* with blood, by way of a covenant ot 
 peace. 
 
 After coming to Caghuiun, and Fuloan, they arrived 
 at Borneo, having weathcreil a ttm|K(l which overtook 
 them jull a« they were at the entrance of the port. 
 
 They found the illanderii to be numerous, and de- 
 voted to their king, who wat a Moor, and kept 
 great ftatc. The illand lies in <° i<" north lat. and 
 J 76' long, from the meridian of I,ondon. The capital 
 city contained no lefs thait 25,000 houfe<. Camphire, 
 cinnamon, oranges and lemons were the chief pro- 
 duce of the country. They faw elephants here and 
 Oore of cattle and |xiultr)-. The Spaniards were at- 
 tacked in this port by an Indian fleet which they de- 
 feated, taking prifoner t prince of the countr)^, who 
 however, through negligence or defign was fiiffereil 
 to efcape out of their hands, and presently after the 
 Spaniards fct fail, flill holding on their courfe fur the 
 Moluccas. 
 
 From Borneo they came to Cimbubon, Zolo, 
 Oihtt iflsiiili. and Taghima, and failing north-eaftward, arrived 
 at Mangandano, where they took fome Indians in 
 a canoe, who cave them directions which way to 
 ileer for the Moluccas i and after palling by feveral 
 other iflands, they reached the chief of thnn, called 
 Tiridore, or Tidore (after weathering another llorm) 
 on the morning of the 8th of November. 
 Moluccii. They found thefe ifles, which were five in num- 
 
 ber, ihoundint; in nraii»e«, Icir.mi, pn:iieff.in»t' , 'fJ 
 
 mil (pices t and tiilolo, niar I'lridore, w.'i w.'ll — — ,— w 
 
 poiplrd by NI'Miis and Hasans ^ the Uttir 01 vvhicii 
 
 weien ported, among oth<i ahliirditii'*, to aJori: th ! . 
 
 (»r(t iilijoi't ihry met witli m tli; .niiriiin|{, th'ni;h 1:1 
 
 their ni.innrrs in griieril, they wiye otho.Wilc lcl> 
 
 (iipridiiiiiui thin the M ili.mwtiiiH. — Here 4 w.tr- 
 
 liuulL- was o|Hneil, and iIil- Spaniards trad. J v^'ry ad- 
 
 vJnta)',('oiilly wirli th; native>, exilun|;iii 1, cloth, 
 
 {(III', and quicklilvcr, lor cloves and olh^-r p.'jJuits 
 
 of thi- counliy. At the Moluccas, they wi-re will 
 
 lupnlied Willi provifion, as thofo couiitrici ;ib luiidid 
 
 witli Ihcep, goals, poultry, U^,<>, fug^'r, pnmegia- 
 
 nate«, (ii;*, and oranges. They weie aitinded on 
 
 tllsir departuie by tlij k oil's of I'onie ot tho ifl:iiid ., 
 
 as f.»r as Mitri-, at which place they took ihcir leave, "'"'• 
 
 ((eeriim SVV. then rompany beinu now reduced to 4') 
 
 .Spaniards and it Indians , and palling; by many oth^r 
 
 ifles, came to Timor where thry found there was hfllSfr 
 
 plitiry of gin^r, and white Sanders wood, and nu 
 
 want of necelTliry provilions. 
 
 From hence tliey lliapod their courfe for the Cape 
 of Ciood Mo|)e, after having waited long for the ad- 
 vantage of the wind, anii run down as far as ^i , 
 though the Cape itfelf lies only in 34' foiitli lac. 
 
 Having rcfolvi'd not to put in at Mozambiqiu', 
 though in want of provifioiis wli .n they palled near 
 that coa(f, for fear of the I'ortugu.-lo who wore there, 
 thefe adventurers found themfelves in extreme dillrrls: fn dlrtrofs fur 
 on this account before they reached St. James's, on" I'liviliom. 
 of the Cape Verd iflands, where, notwithllandini; |,^, ;„ „ .j, 
 there was as much to be appiiheiiJcd from the fame |<,iits's 
 enemy, yet their litiiation was (iich, that they defi r 
 mined to run all ha/ards rather than to pcriOt with 
 hunger. On this account they put in there, and were 
 at (ir(l fupplicd with provilions, but 13 of their crew V,'Ucie 1 1 irc 
 being detained prifoners by the Portucuefc at the I"'"'' '"'" 
 fecond time of landing, the reft weighed anchor, """'"■ 
 hoiftcd fail, and made the bcft of their way home 
 without them. Thefe being wafted on by brilk and fa- 
 vourable gales, arrived in fafety at the port of St. 
 Lucar, near Seville, on the jtn day of S^-ptember, 
 under the conduA of John SebaUian Camo • ; the 
 whole voyage having taken up the fpacc of three 
 years and thirty-feven days. 
 
 «..., 
 
 THE VOYAGES OF SIR FRANCIS DRAKE, 
 
 The Firft Engiifli Circum-navigator. 
 
 Account of 
 Drike'i 
 voyice with 
 Sir lolinlJaw- 
 
 FRANCIS DRAKE, was one of the twelve 
 children of Mr. Edmund Drake, of Tavidock 
 in Devonfhirc. This gentleman being much in- 
 clined to the protellant religion, and living in the 
 reign of Queen Mary I, was obliged to retire from 
 his native place and fix himfclf in Kent, in order to 
 avoid the perfccutions of that prejudiced princefs. 
 In the reign of her lifter and fucceflor, a(rairs t.-iking 
 a different turn both in regard to religion and politics, 
 he was made a chaplain in the royal navy. 
 
 There appears to be a kind of cloud of uncertainty 
 generally hanging over the origin of celebrated per- 
 fons. The patronai^ given to Francis Drake (like 
 the birth of Columbus, whofc very name was in dif- 
 pute) Teems to be a matter not cafy to be tracedf. 
 We can only find that he was one of four brothers 
 ba-d to the (ca, and took an earlv delight in attend- 
 ing to nautical (ludies, and practical navigation. 
 
 The firff voyage in which he has been noticed was 
 that in which he iHcd as captain of a ftiip called the 
 Judith, bound to the Weft Indies, under the com- 
 
 • He was urcitly honoureil liv the kini; on liis return, who 
 B«ve him for liis arms the tcrrcatial glotc, Willi lliis motto, 
 frlnui mt eircumdedifli. 
 
 t Camden fays that F. Drake w« put anprfmlce to the 
 miflerof airailing vtflbl, who dying left liim Ins (hip. Stoivt 
 fayi that his great patnn wai Francis Rulli-l, altcrwatd^ Duke 
 cf Bedford. ChriltojilKr Columbus has generally Ixcn faiU 10 
 
 mand of Sir John Hawkins, whom wc find fet down 
 to be his near relation. 
 
 Some of the viceroys and governors, though tlioy 
 were exprefsly forbidden to encourage the trade of 
 thefe difcovercrs who failed cowards the new world, 
 were yet found often fecretly to aflift them, and fome- 
 tiines after that aflidancc given, when they had ob- 
 tained all they could cxpe£t, are reportcil to have 
 feizcd on what had been acquired by this contra- 
 band trade — which is' no more than an additional 
 proof of the abufes Incident to power when intereficd 
 men are in polTeflion of it. 
 
 Sir John Hawkins's little fleet, among which was 
 the Judith (as we have before taken notice) bcinr 
 forced by (trcfs of weather into the port of S. John 
 d'Ulloa in the Bay of Mexico, where they waited 
 to take in piovifions, twelve fail of Spaiiifti vefllls 
 arriving foon after from Europe, the harbour was di- 
 vided by agreement between the (hipping of the t^vo 
 nations, and hottagesj given on cither fjde, for the 
 prefervation of peace between them. 
 
 But 
 
 he ori^inilly of the name of Colon, but how he came by hit 
 oilier sppellation. Is uncertain, and feemi to have remained < 
 mj'flery even to his own family. 
 
 J It appc-irtd attcrwardi that though the Enelilh fent fix 
 Kiitleimn, the Spanilh hnnjgei Were only fix ion.mon men. 
 drelfcil up for the occafion. 
 
i6 
 
 *r H E VOYAGES OF 
 
 1570 
 
 IN 
 
 But this continucil liot long ; lor th<- viceroy, fome 
 Weeks after, rcgarJlcfs of an agreement which he 
 might be inclined to confider as 11 matter of nectf- 
 Trochery of fity, the Engliih being in abfolutc pollcnion of the 
 the Mexican harbour on his arrival, ordered a fuddcn attack to be 
 viccjov, ^^^^ ^^ gjj. j^i^ij Hawkins's fleet, while the officers 
 
 were at dinner, and caufed the £ngli(h on fliore to be 
 maflacred. Jn the fca-fight, out of four trading vef- 
 fels3werc funk. 'I'he Alinion, Captain Hampton, 
 was boarded, but the adailants were repulled, and 
 the Spanifh vice admiral blown up, after which two 
 veflcls were f.t on fire, and turned adrift in order to 
 burn the Englifli admiral's Ihip the Jefus, and nlfu 
 the Minion, from which ihcy liad before fuftercd a 
 rcpulfc i the former wasdettroycd, after having Jhiftcd 
 the commander and the crew on board the Judith ; and 
 the latter put to fea and got clear of them. 
 
 But this cfcape infured not fafcty to Sir John Haw- 
 kins who was didrefled with the crews of two vclTels 
 on board a fingle one, which had not provifions for 
 threat pnrt of them, at the Tame time that there was every thing to 
 tlic cicjv lanil- apprehend from the enemy, along whofe coalt they 
 fn.ri'!,„", ,,fi failed ; yet 1 00 of ihcfc men chofe to be landed on this 
 holtile more, all of whom except hvc, pcrilhcd by 
 fvvord, famine, ficknefs, or fatigue*. 
 
 The Judith, however, with the remainder of the 
 crew arrived in England, Mr. Drake having had the 
 credit of contributing greatly by his prudent manage- 
 ment to the lucky cfcape of thofc who were removed 
 from the Jefus on board his own vcilel, and tonduct- 
 .iig her under favour of the night from the fcene of 
 adtion. 
 
 This misfortune of Sir John Hawkins, could not 
 but be felt by his relation, who maJe this period the 
 sera of his refcntmcnt to the Spaniards, from whom 
 no reparation could be gotten, as they all'.dged the 
 Engliih carried (n an illicit trade to then coalh, 
 which could not be juftificd by the queen of Great 
 Britain f. 
 
 Befides his refentments to Spain, Dr«kc had his pri- 
 vate inteiefts to gratify, which we (hall find he never 
 lod fight of in all his undertakings, and to which he 
 fometimcs even facrificed juftice as will appear in the 
 fetiuel. 
 
 Thus ftimulalcd, he made a voyage in 1570 with 
 two (hips under his command, called the Dragon and 
 the Swan, and in 1571 with the Swan only. Both 
 thefe voyages were undertaken chiefly on his own ac- 
 count, but it feems that (experience excepted) they 
 did not turn out much to his advantage. 
 
 The next year, when the nation was on the eve of a 
 war with Spain, this adventurer however fitted out 
 the P: fcha a letter of marque of 70 tuns, toffcthcr 
 with the Swan of 50, commanded by his brother John, 
 having 73 men on board the two vcrfels, and embarked 
 onanothcrcxpedition. Thcyclearcd theLand's Endon 
 the 1 2th of May, having favourable winds they pafied 
 between Dominica and Guadalupe at the end of June, 
 and, on the 6th of July came in fight of Santa Maria. 
 
 Thefe veflcls whofe deftination was for Nombrc dc 
 Diof, came on the 15th day of the month to Port 
 Pheafant, which lay at a convenient diftance for the 
 defigns they had formed, and where Drake intended to 
 build two or throe finall pinn.iccs, the materials and 
 frame-work of which he had had the cautioit to take 
 with him. 
 
 (joing on fliorc here, he was furprifed to find a plate 
 of lead nailed to a tree, with a few lines engraven on 
 it by an Englifliman, of the name of CJaret, who 
 ijviit thatcoaft. ^^j ,^j.j j^^j p]^jj. ,^^ j^y ^f^^^ Yhe fubftance of 
 
 what he found fet down there, was to advife him to 
 make no ftay, as the Spaniards had by fome means 
 found out that he intended to vifit them in thofc partb. 
 
 • Sixty-five fell into the SpaniarJs banilt, and were put to tlie 
 tcrture, and three burnt«li« in the inquilition. Only two of 
 thefe lived to return home. 
 
 t Sir John Hawkinieilabridicd the flave tradeto the coaflof 
 Guinea. . 
 
 t It is faid that the filvcr was piled up in hart, tlic pile in 
 length 70, in brcaddi lOi and 11 feet in height. It \\n hiu 
 
 Other voy- 
 agers. 
 
 •>*. 
 
 I> warned to 
 
 Notwithftanding tliis friendly advjrtir^rrcnt, Dnlcfj 
 fortifying himfeif as will as hecmlJ, rel./vid to com- 
 plcat the building of his pinr.cci;. litre he ir.tt with 
 one Captain Raufe, who inlorir.cd him of tliefitua- 
 tioii of the Symeron.', a li;t of revolted ncHioes who 
 li;id fettled theinfelves on catli fiuc of the neck of land 
 which feparatcs Nombre de Dios from Panama, and 
 had become a terror to 1 lie Spixninrds. Tliis captain 
 being invited by rhe I'.nglllh cmmandtr, aj;retd to 
 (hare with him tlie dangers and adv»lltogcs of tlie en- 
 terprise wherein he was < nyigrd. Aceonlin^-lv they 
 fet fail together, and having touched .it the Ifleot Pinw 
 on the night of the jiSth of July, cal'iiif anchor iinper- 
 ceivcd under the iliore. learing tli.'.t'his men iliruld 
 be difpiritcd from the nction.i which they l-..id con- r . 1 . « 
 ceived of the Spaniards being prepared for them, j./^^^ 'i,,";!j /"" 
 Drake rcfolved on an immediate atiaclt, l.iiuled with- 
 out oppofilion, and polleffed himfeif of the quav, 
 which tlioiigh fiinilied with fi.\ large piece'.; of oiil- 
 nance, had but one gunner to fcrvc them. He p .e- 
 fently afterwards engaged and dLl'eiitd! the f,icc!. drawn ,' 
 
 toother to oppofe hirr, obliging I'uch as he li.al t?kcn '" ^■~' 
 
 prifoners to conduct him and his people to the govLT- 
 nor's houfe, and to tiie ftorchoiife, wh'T.- thev huiiul 
 treafures to an amazing union 11 1 j. Vet the CJuic- 
 ral, in the midll of his futccfs v.as not without his 
 apprehenfions that the retreat of tli.- com|iU"reroi(, 
 mij'ht be cut olf, if they were not fpeedv in CACtuting 
 and well prepared to enforce it. Their greedy d«lirc of 
 emafling wealth was plainly an oLlliicU; to his plan ; 
 but at hll, by proniifing to lead than to tiie king's 
 treafury, where tiicrc was more in amount, and yet 
 lefs cumbrous in conveyance j he tliiis iK-rfii.ulid ilum 
 everyone to return with his bar of filverto ilio ni;ir- 
 ket place, where a body of men had been Icfi, w ho ex- 
 prerted their fears that the enemy niiuht get poiiellioii 
 of the boats; but this proved a vain a|piehcnlion, and 
 the commander led his troops forward, llill entertaii'.- 
 ing the delignof plundering the royal treafury, whiih 
 was prefently entered by thisadventiiious ecMup.uiy. 
 
 But a wound which Drake li.id received in hin leg 
 at the beginning of the engagement, and which lun ^•„ ,i;c 
 had hitherto concealed, being now dilcoveied, he was .m, -^j 1,! , 
 conveyed, to all ap|Karancc dead, on board of one of •Vkjund. 
 the boats ; the plunderers feeing him in this fitu.-ii:in, 
 were glad to embark at break of day with wiiat tna- .», 
 
 fure they could bcft carry ofi", and t.iking with them a 
 floop they found laden with wines in the haiboiir, 
 with which and the fruits of the country, they ro- 
 frefhed thcmfelves at th? Ifland of Ballimento. f mm 
 hence the Englifh refolved to return to the Ille if 
 Pines, were they h.id left their fliips, and parted from 
 Captain Raufe, the latter not judging it proper to In: 
 any longer in their company. 
 
 But Drake, who had been cured of his wound'-', 
 notwithftanding this rcfolution of his colleaixue, fkored 
 alonz the coalt, and endeavoured to fuiprifeCarthaLnna, .^, . 
 but convinced by the voluntary inlormation ol an old jiji,,,^,!. 
 man whom he found alone in a frigate, and l.-y tlie 
 firing of warning gun?, that the enemy was a; a. v of 
 him, he defifted from this dangerous enterprise, hut 
 took a Ihip of Seville, and two fmall frigate!:, v. iiii 
 Icttersof advice relative to his expedii'ji), i\\c iuifr- 
 cepting which cvuld not hut be uleiul tj lilm in his 
 defigns. 
 
 Being now dtfirous of dcf^roying the Svv.ui, a'- lur ji^ c..,„ 
 feared that the projeiit would he dif^giei.iili- to llv: Jc.h.,- lJ. 
 officers, who m'.ilt be deprived i4' their coiniiii/fionj, 
 being llldom at a hifs lur ariifiee, he pirfii.'.dj.i ih-,; 
 carptntcr to bore luiles in her bottom one iiiglit, .nnd 
 the next morning having rownl up to lur and invil-.d 
 his hnither on board, lie pretenJa! to he iu.-i)rii.d at 
 the hold filling fo lalt with wat^r, and in tiie end, 
 
 iirt':d 
 
 / 
 
 A treaty « 
 the byoiero 
 
 ■■$ 
 
 :.% 
 
 -An iiiteirptto 
 take the pin- 
 naces mif- 
 cartic-s, 
 
 Captain fohn fo 
 
 DrakcSdcl,. h; 
 
 01 
 
 de 
 
 w 
 
 if. 
 
 ■T 
 
 Tlie men nf- 
 flifled ulrh a 
 •alentuie. 
 
 cd 
 th 
 pc 
 
 tui 
 
 that ihc mulci brinjin;; the treafure Iroin Tan-iinj wire ufjjlly 
 unloaded, 
 
 ( .\ Sitarifih (rj-.tlcmin c.imc nn hoird hcfiire thcv fried, 'O 
 knuw whtiliev theii Kn!<lini arms wie poiloncd, or wlii:th=i' 
 their Capt.iin w.is that Diakcwhuha.l iicloie liceiion tlicircinlh. 
 To the loimtrciucrtiou he received a ncgiuivc, to the latter an 
 alfirmaiive aiilwer. 
 
 in < 
 the 
 
 on } 
 was 
 hari 
 
 read 
 
,-.^ -,-_-. V T 
 
 SIR FRANCIS DRAKE. 
 
 -7 
 
 I 
 
 / 
 
 ur^jrtl the crew to fct fire to her, and go on bflard the 
 Paltha; by which conduff, he alfo foutid means the 
 better to man his pinnactf. 
 
 VIk fleet failed out next tow.irds Darien, keeping 
 cleai of the coaft, which had been fo latily alanncd. 
 IKri; they arrived in the fpace of fix days, carciiiing 
 their velfeln and taking in wood, water, and friih 
 provifions, after which they left it on the 5th of Sip- 
 tember, holding their courfe towards Rio (irande, 
 and on the <)th of that month, were difcovered by a 
 f'/ Spaniard from the ftiore, who miltaking them for 
 
 ' friends, made a fignal for them to land. Tlii'; they 
 
 foon did, and when the man found his miftake he fled 
 with precipitation. 
 A treaty «itli ^^hat Drake had heard of the Symerons indiicing 
 the Symerons.him to wifti to treat with them, he h.id fcnt his bro- 
 ther Captain John Drake in fearch of them. Hy 
 means of the negroes taken at Nombre de Dios, 
 touching at the main land, two of thefe Symerons 
 came on board his fhip, two of the crew being left as 
 hoftagcs for their fafe return. An interview being 
 appointed with their leaders, Drake quitted this 
 place where he had been well fupplied with every 
 thing, and to which he had given the name of Port 
 Plenty, and was condufted into a fecret bay, amongft 
 a number of woody ifland?, extremely beautiful, and 
 w here they were protefted by a narrow rocky channel 
 from the fi;ar of a night furprife. In this place a 
 treaty was concluded on, and thefe fugitive negroes 
 farther informed their new friends, that had they come 
 fooner on that coaft, they might have been fupplied 
 with gold, which was the principal thin^ that they 
 fought after ; but the rainy feafon now let in, pre- 
 vented the poflibility of procuring it from the bottoms 
 of the rivers wherein thejr had lodged great quantities, 
 ;J; in order to hide the trcamre from their niafters. 
 
 #r As it was now judged proper to remain in this 
 
 iij fecret fituation during the rains, a fort was con- 
 
 it ftrufted in furh a manner as the materials aiid fitua- 
 
 tions of theEnglifti would admit of, in a place where in 
 all probability littledefence would be wanted. Drake 
 however left his brother with a fmall force, and 
 failed for Rio de la Hacha, and in his way came to 
 Carthagcna, where a fpy, as he afterwards was found 
 to be, came on board, who would have perfuaded 
 the Englifh to remain at anchor there in hopes of 
 great afliftance from him, but in reality, with a view 
 of giving the governor an opportunity of railing the 
 country. 
 An attempt to This was on the 17th of O.Sober, and on the 20th 
 t«ke the pin- two frigates endeavoured to furprife the pinnaces, 
 BMfimil- but this dcfign was difcovered, and Drake ftill kept 
 times. cruifing along the fliore while the hills were covered 
 
 with armed men *, but he found at laft that it was 
 to little purpofe j yet fortune fo far favoured him, as 
 to throw in his way a ftjip laden with provifion<:, of 
 which he happily made prize, at a time when the 
 fcarcity of thcin was moft fenfibly felt by himfelf and 
 all his company. 
 
 After this (ucccfs, the commander determined to 
 return to his brother and the Symerons j but he 
 found that during his abfence Captain John Drake 
 . had been engaged in an attempt ^ich coft him and 
 one of his countrymen their lives ; this was an en- 
 deavour to board and take a Spanifli frigate, that was 
 well provided for defence. I'his fatafcircumftance 
 was the confequenceof his complying with the repeat- 
 ed felicitations of his men to venture on wh.it he 
 thought 'and reprefented to them to be a mad and dcf- 
 pcratc undertaking. 
 
 At this time a malignant fever, called the Calen- 
 ture, broke out among the men, and of this diftem- 
 VoL. I. N" 3. 
 
 
 C«p*aMi Join 
 
 Tiie men af- 
 i!i£)eil \\\t\\ » 
 Mientuie. 
 
 " We hire an account iliat Drake liimfcir leaped on ihort 
 in (lefianca of their troops an action which, if he wai within 
 the reach of their arms, was a mod unpartlonahle raflinefs in one 
 on whofe life the fuccc^t of this ettterprtfu depended, and if he 
 was out of dancer from them, was totally vain, and fams to 
 hart been as ridiculous a bravado as ever we rci.icmber to have 
 read of in hidory. 
 
 t At night they relied under wif^vraitit which were naile bj- 
 
 per Jofeph Drake diiu, wiio wa; r;noi'.K-r of Mr. 
 Krancis Drake's hiothirs. In the nic.ui tiir.c, tidings ■- 
 were brought of the ;uriv:!l ol' tlie .Sp.u.,(!i flrct at 
 Nombre de Dios and this w,\s tliful^ne tlie f.-iifon '|'"',;^ 
 when the trealuiis of I'tru were to be ti aiifported y^^', 
 over land from Panama to that port. This was aii 
 opportunity which it could not be thoni;ht one of 
 Drake's difpofition would lofe. Thoii;;li hi- had hem 
 deprived of 28 of his comjiAny by ficknel-, )\.i not nt 
 all diCpirited, Kavin;.; t tew men to jiiiaril liis Ihip, 
 he fet out at the head of oiilv iK Lnjjlifti and 30 
 Symerons, with a diTign of making himlelf mailer ot 
 this treafurr. 
 
 Thefe Synicroii'-. were extremely ufeful as guider. 
 They were likewife very expert at Itilliiig w ith arroA - 
 and javelins of various fi/.es, wild l)oais, (lags, an.j 
 fowls, and with thefe helps togeth' \ "th the prol'u- 
 (ion of fruits that they found on tlie banks of the 
 rivers as they palled along, the adventurers found 
 tlunifelves well fupplied with provifions, hiid beinij 
 led for the moft part through wonds and lofty ftiades, 
 marching at tlieir eafe, and repoling every dayatllatcd 
 times, they foiind nothing vei-y tircfomc in their 
 journey, t 
 
 In their way they came to a town creeled by thefe 
 Symerons, which was built on the declivity ot a hill 
 fortified by a mud wall, and encompafled by a ditch. 
 Here Drake was defired to ftay, and a numlier of men 
 promifed to him in addition to his prefent force, but 
 not judging it proper to accept thefe oft'ers, he pro- 
 cecde-d on his Journey, the Symerons ferving .is guards 
 and guides, clearing the way before the Englifti. 
 
 On the nth day of February, the company ar- 
 rived at a hill, on the fummit of whieh grew a lofiy 
 tree, to the top of which -having afcended by ftep.s 
 cut for the purpofe, they found an alcove, from whence 
 both feas were to be viewed. y\t the fight of the 
 great Pacific Ocean, on which as yet no veflel of his 
 nation ever had failed, Drake carneftly implored hea- 
 ven to aflitt him in the purpofe he then conceived of 
 venturing on thole feas in Englifti lhip>, with the 
 firft favourable opportunity, a dcfign which wc fliall 
 find after his return home he fpared no pains to ac- 
 complifii. 
 
 The grafs of the level country in this region grow-' 
 Ing as high .is bulrufties, is obliged to be confumed by 
 fire, and notwithftanding the conflagration, which 
 obliges the cattle to fly or perifti, and covers the 
 ground with afhe;, yet fuch is the ftrcngth of the foil 
 in thofe parts, that within a month alter this me- 
 thod has been ufcd, the valley appears again to be 
 entirely covered with frcfti verdure. Such is the fer- 
 tility of the foil upon this ifthmus, which however, 
 is fo fituated that there is great reafon from the various 
 changes of nature to conclude that it will one dav, 
 by earthquakes or the force of the watry clement, Ik- 
 totally dcftroyed, and leave that free communication 
 between the two oceans, which was was once vainly 
 fought for there and found only by Cape Horn and 
 the ftreightsof MajjhcIIan. 
 
 A Symeron being difpatched for intelligence, re- 
 turned with the flattering tidings : That the trea- 
 furer of Lima would pafs the next night with eight 
 mules loaded with gold, and one with jewels, towards 
 Venta Cruz, whither the company immcdi.itcly di- 
 rected their courfe, and having furprifed a fleeping 
 Spanifli foldier, had their intelligence confirmed by 
 the frightened captive. This man likewife cautioned 
 them not to be deceived by the appearance of the car- 
 riers from Nombre de Dios, who were to meet the 
 others by the way, and who had no gold in charge, 
 though their bcalls would be loaded with merchandife 
 
 >:l'.il rwdt 
 
 T 
 
 and 
 
 fetringpnlls in the pround, wiih poles laid from OM to the 
 other, in tlie manner of a roof, tliatchinj; them with palmetto 
 boui;hs and plantain leaves. In the vailicsthcy left almut fout 
 feet next the j;tound open ; hut on the hills where they virre 
 more cxpofed to the nurpiicfs of the nif;ht air, ihefc wigwams 
 were thatched clofe to the ground, t door only '"■"g left tr.i 
 an oyfDing t* let cut the (make, 
 
 3 
 
i8 
 
 THE VOYAGES OF 
 
 Attempt oti 
 tlie mules 
 loaded wiili 
 crialurc. 
 
 1 573 snd provlflons. He then demanded protcflion, and 
 y I rcqucftcd, as he had dealt fincerely with the Englifli, 
 and could never dare to return to his oWn country- 
 men, that they would be fo good as to allow him fuch 
 a portion of the treafure as would maintain hinifelf 
 and family, which requeft he oblcrved was but rea- 
 fonable, as the Englifn, if they fuccecded, would be 
 Aire of feizinz more gold and jewels than thcycouli 
 carry away. This was agreed to, and Drake head- 
 ing the Englifli, and Oxcnham of Plymouth, to wliofe 
 charge the riches of Nombrc dc Dios had been com- 
 mitted, alTifting Pedro the Symeron in the command 
 of the n^roes, the two parties laid themfelves flat in 
 the grafs at a convenient diftance for attacking the 
 convoy in front and rear, and every thing fcemvd to 
 favour this bold undertaking. 
 
 But, as chance will frequently difcon ;crt the mod 
 prudent meafurcs, fo this defign of plunder was de- 
 feated by one of thofe accidents which it is not in hu- 
 man prudence to forefee. — Though cxprcfs orders had 
 been given not to ineddle with fuch mules as came 
 from Vcnta Cruz, but only with thofe which came 
 forward from Panama, yet one Robert Pike, who was 
 in liquor, and his companion, miftakijig the former 
 for the latter, put themfelves in motion to be ready 
 for an attack. Being difcovercd by the officer who 
 accompanied the merchandife, he caufed the carriers 
 and their hearts to quicken their pace, acircumftance 
 which neither Drake nor Oxcnham obferved. 
 
 Lying ftill in their ambulh, they fooli after per- 
 ceived the mules advancing from the road that led to 
 Panama. Thefe were inftantly attacked in front and 
 rear, and fecured, as had been agreed upon. Two 
 only were found laden with filver, and the reft with 
 provifions. The drivers who were made prifoners 
 informed Drake that the officer having reported that 
 he fufpedled an ambufli was laid for the gold, the trea- 
 furer ordered only two mules loaded with Hlvcr to pro- 
 ceed from Panama, the others being fent back, and 
 fix of thofe lately arrived from Vcnta Cruz put in 
 their room. The experiment fucceeded as we have 
 found J the drunkenncfs of one of Drake's follow- 
 '^"t^"'?"'' '''' ^^'' defeated the defign, and the commander himfe'lf 
 "'"''■ concluding that the country would be alarmed, was 
 
 at firft not a little perplexed what to rcfolvc upon, 
 where (his own people excepted) every one mull be 
 confidered as an enemy. But one of Drake's beft 
 qualities for helping him at his need wa;: prcfencc of 
 mind. In this exigence, at once perceiving the im- 
 probability of marching back in fafety by the fame 
 way that he came, he pcrfuaded his people and the 
 S)rnerons to halkn forward to Vcnta Cruz, where 
 they .irrived after marching in great fccrecy j yet they 
 found the Spaniards not unapprifcd of their coming. 
 An aiition cnfucd i the militia were routed, hnd the 
 Symerons could not be hindered from plundering the 
 town J though Drake, who had always much of the 
 fpccious appearance of virtue, took care to make a 
 merit of prefcrving the ladies from affronts. He 
 then continued his march towards the ihipping, in 
 tlie courfe of which the Englifh were greatly affifted 
 bv thcSymcrons; as when one of the former fainted, 
 two of the latter, who were very (lout men, would 
 carry him betwcin them. 
 
 \Vithin five leagues from their (hips they found a 
 town which the Symerons had conftrufled while they 
 wtre abfent, one of whom being difpatched for that 
 purpofe, procured a pinnace to be fent to meet them, 
 and on the 23d of February, Drake's whole company 
 were joined, which junction was celebrated by a 
 tliankjgiving. 
 
 They now began to find themfelves in want of pro- 
 vifions, and fome of the Symerons had propofed a 
 jouritey over' land, in order to furprife the ftorehoufe 
 of one Pezaro near Veragua, whofe flaves, as they 
 ' faid, brought him near 20olb. weight of gold every 
 day. But this was not agreed to j on the contrary 
 the two pinnaces called the Bearand the Minion, were 
 manned ; the former was fent for provifions towards 
 Tolu, and Drake himfclf went in the Utter towards 
 
 the Cabezes, dcfigning to intercept the treafure which 
 was to be tranfpuucd from Veragua and that coalt to 
 Noinbre df Diiw. As to the Synieronf, he difiniflcd 
 with priTi'iits futh as chofe to dip.Tt, giving orders 
 for kind treatment to any that wiiiud to iviiuin. At 
 the Cabezes he took a frigate, the pilot of wliicli 
 gave him intelligence that in the harbour of Veragua 
 there was a fliip which had on board above a million 
 of gold. It is eafy to be imagined that an adventurer 
 whofe objeil was plunder, was eager to attempt io rich 
 a prize \ but no fooner had he arrived in the hailiour, 
 than he heard warning guns fired, and anliviicj 
 by others along the coall, l.y which the pilot told liini 
 he might conclude his deficit was dili-overtd ; and ac- 
 cordingly hcdefirted from his enterprife. 
 
 In the mean time his other pinnace hud taken afii- • "* 
 
 gate with 28 fat hogs, and u quantity of poultry. 
 Phis vefiel they fitted up for war, and as a f.;coiul at- 
 tempt on Nonibre de Dios was refolvcd on, he fct fi.il 
 with her alid the IJcar, towards the Cabezes. Arii-somtFrerth- 
 ving there withing two days, he found a Frenchir.;.-) .r.;i- i in ilic 
 called Totu, with a (hip of war i having fuppli>il '■ 'ii"'''- 
 him with water, it was, agreed upon that he lliuuid 
 be an aflbciatc in the expedition. Proceeding for 
 Rio Francifco, they arrived there on the 301I1 of 
 March, the Frenchman accompanying them. After 
 marching above twenty miles, they at length perceived 
 an efcort of three droves of mules coming iVi-m Pana- 
 ma, which confided of 909, each niulecirryini.: .diout 
 30olb. weight of filver. Tho French C.iptain and Tlicvfcireon 
 one of the Symerons were woiMided in the .iti.4ck,''"; '''""■■','"'" 
 which ended in the adventurers niakini; them III vcs „_,,,. j_ 
 mailers of the treafure, a great part of wtiich tlicy hid 
 in the thickets, and determined torelurn the I'^iiie way 
 that they came. In their retreat th'.y left the wounded 
 French captain with two of hisiiuii in the woodr., 
 and a third was miflcd on the march ; who being in- 
 toxicated had not followed the guides, and confe- 
 quently had loft himfelf in the intricicies of the coun- 
 try. Arriving at Rio Francifco on the 3d of April, 
 wnen they went in fearch of their pinnaces, to t.'ieir 
 no fmall furprife they defcried fevcii Spani/h (loops, 
 from which circumftancc they concluded that news of 
 their proceedings had been carried to Nombre de Dio?, Alarmed hir 
 and were in great anxiety left their pinnaces fliould be"'* '"•' ' ",•. , 
 taken, and the crews perhaps be conipelkd to difco- •""' 
 vcr where their (hips lay. Drake allowed that it 
 might be poOible the pinnaces might have fallen into 
 the enemies hands ; yet if this were <b, the taking of 
 the boats, the examination cf the men, and the dil- 
 covery of their (liips, could not be the operation of 
 a moment i he therefore urged that the cafe was not '. •■ • 
 
 yet fo defperate as at firft it misht appear. Neverthe- 
 iefs there were ftill fuch obitacles as it required the 
 greateft extent of courage and prefence of mind to 
 overcome. They were not in polTeflion of any boats, 
 and to get by land to their (hippinn, they muft pali) Drake's 
 over high mountain*, through woods almoft impene- feiiemc fur 
 trable, and even then would be interrupted by ftreams''"" il'l""- 
 and rivers in their courfe. While the men were re- '""■ 
 fleding on thefe difficulties, their commander was de- 
 vifing the means to extricate himfelf from them, and 
 to fave his little company. He ordered a raft to be 
 made of fome trees which were then floating in the ri- 
 ver, and embarked together with two Englilhmen 
 named Owen and Smith, and two Frenchmen, and 
 after having failed three leagues, happily difcovered 
 his pinnaces : Having hailed them, he refolvcd that 
 they (hould anchor behind a point of land, in order to 
 lie concealed, while he returned to the (hore, and ac- 
 quainted his then with his fuccefs. They rowed to 
 Rio Francifco the fame night, and all embarked with 
 what treafure they could convey away, then failing 
 back,' they returned to the frigate, and afterwards to 
 the (hip, where they divided their booty. 
 
 The Frenchman s (hip remained among the Ca- 
 bezes, while the £ngli(h were refitting, \ and during 
 this interval of fourteen days, twelve Englifltmeii and 
 fixteen Symeruns travelled up the country in fearch of 
 the French captain. They did not find him, but dif- 
 • covered 
 
 li If.; 
 
 }iltlUimmi 
 
 itt^ 
 
SIR FRANCIS DRAKE. 
 
 '9 
 
 Account of 
 llie French 
 
 Arriies at 
 >')vmuuil). 
 
 covered one of his countrymen who had ftaid with 
 
 his companion to attend their commander. Tliis 
 
 man told them that within half an hour after Drake's 
 
 departure, a body of Spaniards furprifcd the wounded 
 
 captain ; the other Frenchman might have got away as 
 
 capmn b mif- ^|.|| ^ jj^ ^.^^^ rtlated the ftory, but cndcavourinj; to 
 
 loriuuc. fecure a box of jewels, being already encumbtnd \\ ith 
 
 gold, the weight effeflually prevented his efcape. As 
 
 to the treafurc hidden in the ground, it appeared that the 
 
 other Frenchman, who as we have already mcntion(.(l, 
 
 was left drunk in the woods, being found there by the 
 
 Spaniards, was forced by torture to confrfs where it 
 
 was buried, by which they recovered far the greater 
 
 part of it, havmg narrowly examined the fpot for that 
 
 purpofc. 
 
 TJriV.e hiving Being now convinced that his harvcft in thefe parts 
 
 rfifmilTcd ihc ^js pretty well over, the Englifh commander having 
 
 ^"^^'J'^*^';'"'"difmiiredthc French and Symcrons*, had the good 
 
 iL'av'cs'tlU'coail fortune in his way to take a frigate laden with pro- 
 
 olAniciica. vi/ioMS and honey, and left the coafts of Ameiica, 
 
 which he had fo long been employed in plundering, 
 
 or keeping in pLrpau.-tl alarm, having bcfiJes taken 
 
 at fea lOO veflels of different fizes, between Carthagtna 
 
 and Kombre dc Diosf. 
 
 Notwithllanding fcveral difappointmcnts which 
 thefe adventurers met with, it is certain that they 
 mud have acquired a confiderable treafurc in this ex- 
 pedition, which having thus happily accompliihed, 
 they ftecred direiUy homewards, and alter a profptrous 
 voyage, arrived at Plymouth on Sunday the 9th of 
 Auguft, in the afternoon, where the congregation 
 r«n out of church to congratulate the adveitturers on 
 their arrival, and to gratify their own curiofity. 
 
 Drake, whatever might be his private charafter, 
 how unjuftifiable foever his depredations might be, 
 pofllfnng the fpirit of adventure,- for which the age 
 wherein he lived was particularly diJlinguifhcd, ac- 
 quired the good-will and rcfpeft of the praple, and 
 the notice of his fovercign, whofc hatred to Spain 
 was implacable. This princefs about four years nfttr- 
 trards thought proper to countenance an undertaking 
 of his, for which it fcems, on political accounts, 
 flie never granted him a commilfion, though it is 
 faid that ihe condcfcended to become a private ad- 
 venturer. 
 
 When a man is thoroughly engaged in views of 
 ambition or intereft, nothing will fcem hard to him 
 ToyaKc round ((,,( ^j]) gjyj jjj^^ ^ chance of gratifying his favourite 
 uic woiiu. pjflion. This was the cafe with Drake : having had 
 a view of the great South Sea, he was refolved that no 
 human obftacle (hould oblige him to dcfift from his 
 endeavours of viflting America again, and fpreading 
 his fails upon that ocean. Indefatigable as he was in 
 purfuit of this deflgn, it was not however till the 
 year 1577 that he collcilcd a force fuflicient to man 
 five veflels, and by a pretended royal authority, ap- 
 peared as admiral, or, as the phrafu then was, general 
 of the fquadron. 
 
 The fleet confided of the Pelican, of 100 tons, 
 Ivhich he commanded, the vice admiral's (hip the 
 Elizabeth, of 50 tons, John Winter commander ; 
 the Marygold, of 30 tons, undor John Thomas j the 
 Swan, of 50 tons. Captain John Chcfter j and the 
 Chrillopher, of 15 tons, which w.is committed to the 
 charge of the carpenter who was fo compliant as to 
 deilroy the Swan, in the manner already related, in 
 the former voyage. 
 
 Drake manned thefe (hips, which were equipped 
 (partly at his own expcnce and partly at that of 
 others) with 164 failors, caufing them to be well 
 
 rreparitioni 
 f(ir Oiakt' 
 
 '5;; 
 
 • Tliefe latter he lewanled hy t;ivinc thtni the iron of the pin- 
 cacct he liroke up at the Cahc/cst knowing tl<ai ihofe people 
 vrho were in their infant Hate, thought no prefcnt uf moie va- 
 lue than a quaniiiv of that metal. Their chief Pctiro, howerer, 
 being (Icfireil to cliufc from any of the fliipi what h« hked hel>, 
 feenii lu have been more refined, for lie fined upon a (cvmltar 
 let with Jewell, which had been prefented to Drake hy tlie 
 French captain. However he infiOcd un fjivin;; four platet or 
 quoitt ol guld for it, Khicli the Rnglilk camniandcr at fitU rC' 
 
 IJored with neceflary provifions, .md ulfo |1.U;,- l',;r 
 his own table, and failed nut ivni to tunnlh tliL' 
 cook-room with filvcr iitiniil.>^, partly lo cixi.ni.uul 
 what might be deemed a neccll;iiv rjpect, a.iil pr- 
 haps partly to gratify a vanity kUiie.i 111 fori;' u- 
 'iar chararters is found to be united with ..a .11 a- 
 ricious difpofition. 
 
 This wary commander, notwithrtandiii;^ his fume Sailors cnyijr. 
 had been blown abroad, yet confiJering ihjt the dif- e.i lui j>,.\.,te 
 fic-ulties to which his men had been fubje(!t in a for- "'•'''^''^"'J'lJ. 
 mer voyage, were not unknown, had engaged tiie 
 failors whom he now got together for a vu);ii;e to 
 Alexandria, nor were they made acquainted with his 
 real dcfign till they had reached the coaft of Brafil. 
 
 All things being prepared for the voyage, L)rake if^. f..;^ f,(„„ 
 failed from Plymouth on the 15th of November, but I'lynv,u:!i. 
 .ifterwards was forced by bad wcarlier into Falmouth, ^ ii^,,n. 
 where he was obliged to Hay refitting his vcfi'-is till 
 the 13th of December, when he took his departure 
 with all the aiil'piccs of a more prol'perous voyiige. 
 
 On the 27th of the fame month the fleet t:ime to 
 an anchor at Mogadore, an illand.tbout a milcilillaiit 
 from the main on the coall of Barbary. Havini;, as 
 before got ready the frames of his pinnaces, he- be^;'.n 
 here to put them together. The Moors obferviiig 
 what was going forward, fent two of their chiefs on 
 hoard the admiral's (hip rei'civin^ two of his people as 
 hoftages, who were extremely well treated bv the com- 
 mander, with a view of giving thefe llrangers a good 
 opinion of the Englifli nation. 
 
 But the next day this friendly intercourfe ce.ileJ. 
 One John Frye leaping on (hore from the (hip'.- boat, 
 which had been fent as before, wa-. made a prliimer, 
 mounted on horfeback, and conveyed up the coinury. 
 Though this man was afterwards dlfr.-.iiil.d with apo- 
 logies and aOurances that the Moors had millaken the 
 En;5li(h for the Portuguefe, from whieh latter they 
 expetted an Invafion, yet the comniander refolved to 
 make no longer Ihiy here but departed on the l.;ll day 
 of December, and after having taken feveral Spani(h 
 veflels in his way, arrived at Cape Blanco, on the 
 17th of January, where the Englilh and the natives 
 carried on a friendly traffic to the convenience of both 
 parties. 
 
 After this, having plundered and difehargcd their 
 captives, they failed for the Cape Verd illaiids, and 
 anchored before Mayo on the 2-th of January, but 
 could get no provifions, becaufu the Portuguefe in 
 thofc parts had Doen forbidden to hold any intercourfe 
 with them. 
 
 On the 31ft of the fame month they paffid by St. 
 Jago, where the Portuguefe who had difpoHefled the 
 natives of a great part of the illand, under pretence of 
 traffic, lived very unhappy, on account of the in- 
 roads of fuch of the aborigines of the country as hav- 
 ing fled to their wtxxls and mountains, were perpe- 
 tually making Incurfions upon their conquerors. As 
 the fleet pafled by this ifland, three pieces of cannon 
 were difcharged at them, though without doing ex- 
 ecution. Yet in revenge for the infult they conceived 
 to be offered them, they took a Portuguefe vefTel la- 
 den with wines, fetting on (hore all the crew, except 
 Nuno da Sylva, the pilot, whom they found after- 
 wards very ufeful to them on account of his know- 
 ledge of tne American coafts. 
 
 About this time a dlftcrcnce happened between the 
 commander and Mr. Doughty his friend, the occafion 
 and circumltances of which have Ken differently re- 
 lated i but according to the bcft authorities it took 
 its rife in the improper conduct of I'homas Drake {, 
 
 which 
 
 fufcd, hut being compelled to take it, threw it into the com- 
 mon IWk, which wai thought only an olU-ntatious difplav o( 
 hif pcnerofitv. 
 
 t He i;^ laid to have been particularly careful not to dedror 
 anv of tlicfe hut fucti as were fitted out againi^ him. 
 
 Z One who was an eye-witncfs of ilw tnnfafiion, relates it 
 in the following manner : " Captain Drake havinc boarded the 
 " (hip of Nuno da Svlva, and feallcd his eyes with the view of 
 " the commotlitiei, iic coininiltcd the cullod^ and welt order- 
 
 iog 
 
1 II £ V O Y A G r. 
 
 O V 
 
 i?/* 
 
 Uii-J. 
 
 «liicli his hrotluT «.i« fo fir from ptinifliin ' oi rcpre 
 hciuling, tliut froni tli;: moment he was inroimcd of 
 it, he conctivi'd iiii implacable hatred agaiiill the 
 actufer. In the coiiric of their viyagc they came to 
 Fo^o, which has a burning mountain in the middle 
 of it J the inhabitants are Pnrtiigm fe. Two If-a^itcs lo 
 the foiithward they made Hrava, which abounded with 
 fruits nf all forts, and was beCdes well watered, but 
 there being no good harbour was the rcafon for which 
 they conceived that no inhabitants were to b; found 
 in fo fertile an ifland. Here Drake watered, and then 
 continued his courfe for Krafil, pafling the equator 
 on the 17th of l"ebru;MV, after experiencing the in- 
 mnveniences of calms and ftorins which de&iincd them 
 for three weeks ( nor did thty reach the Brafilian 
 coaft till the 5tii of April, having in the mean time 
 (March 28) loll fight of one of their velTcIs, with 28 
 men, and n\oft of the frclh water on board, which 
 happily being found again the next day, relieved 
 them trom their perplexity. 
 
 During this interval the commander took a frelh 
 occafion to quarrel with Doughty, which, as the 
 author of the narration obferves, was on the follow- 
 ing trivial account. " It chanced John Brown, the 
 " trumpet, whetherof purpofe or of his own volun- 
 " tarv [will] to go aboard the Pelican, where, for that 
 " he iiaJ been long abfent, the company offered him a 
 " hobbev, among the which Mafter Doughty, put- 
 " ting in his h.uid, faid. Fellow John, you iJiall 
 " have my hand, although it be but light, amons^ft 
 " the reft ; and fo, laying his hand on his buttock, 
 " which being perceived of John [Hrown, the] trum- 
 •« pet, he began to fwcar wounds and blood to the 
 •' company, to let him loofc : For thry are not all 
 " (faid he) the general's friends that be here; and, 
 " with that, turned him to Mafter Doughty, and 
 " faid unto him, God's wounds. Doughty, what 
 " doft thou mean to ufe this familiarity with nic, 
 *' confidering thou art not the general's friend ? Who 
 " anfwcred him. What, Fellow John f what moves 
 •' you to this, and fo ufe thefe words to me, that am 
 " as good and as fure a friend to mv good general as 
 " anv in this place ? And I defy him that (hall fay 
 •' the contrary. But is the matter thus ? Why yet, 
 *' Fellow John, I pray thee let me live until I come 
 " into England. Thus John Brown coming again 
 " prtfcntly alward the prize, had not talked any Ring 
 *' time with the general, but the boat wcw aboard, 
 " and reftcd not, but prefontly brought Mafter 
 *' Douglity to the prize's fide. General Drake fit- 
 *• ting in the midit of his men, who hearing the 
 " boat at the (hip's fide, ftood up, and Mafter 
 " Doughty offering to take hold of the (hip to have 
 " entered j faid the general. Stay there, 'I'homas 
 " Doughty, for I muft fend you to another place ; 
 " and with that, commanded the mariners to row 
 " him aboard the Fly-boat, faying unto him, it was 
 " a place more lit for him than that from whence 
 •' became. But Mafter Doughty, although he craved 
 •' to fpeak to the general, could not be permitted." 
 
 The Fly-boat being foon after feparated, Drake 
 laid this chance to Doughty's charge, pretending that 
 
 inp of thU pri7c unto Mafler Tlirmiai DoueliiVr as ^<i« good 
 arul clk'cmcil friend, prayinr Mm in anv cafe to fee good 
 oK'rr kept, and wlinto fliould l>c the breaker tlicrcot. togire 
 liiiii to unflcrOand of anv fuch, wiiliout exception nf any. 
 *• Ir tliu! chanfed,tliat General Drake had alirothtr (nt>r the 
 wiftO man in ClirificmloiTi) whom lie put into 'his prize, as 
 alfo divers oiiiert. Tliis Tlioiiias Drake, at one inore).'reedv 
 of prcv tl'an covctnui of jionefly or credit, did not only break 
 open a chtfl.but did div'r fuddcnly into the fame, that MaHcr 
 Poiiel.ty knew nor liow to difchargc liimfctf unto tic gene- 
 ral, but by revealing it unto him 1 vet Srrt Mailer Douglitv 
 called Thomas Diake unto him, and flicwed Irim hik great 
 follv in this liehalf, uho yielding unto \i'n fault, prayed 
 Mailer Ooughty to l>c gfKxf unto him, ami keep it frum the 
 (rei.tral ; but lie briefly told him he could not keep ir, but 
 wuuM deliver it with what favour he might. So at the nc- 
 ncral't next coming on loard the prize, Maf>er Doughty 
 opencil the fame unto him, who prcfentty falling into 11 rare, 
 (nQtuilli«utftfinc|;rcattta'.li'; fcemcdM«anilei ihu i'liuiiiat 
 
 he was a wizard, .ind w>.cnJvcr' there '*ns li.«J vvt»- 
 thcr, he ufed to (ay that ♦' it came oat of DoUjjhty's. 
 cap-cafe. * 
 
 Having ftoered after the ftorm fouthvirard tow.irds TIicv lo-: •. M 
 the land, they came to a cape which thiy named C.;S .:-;,. 
 Cape Joy, on accotint of the rrcoveiy of t!ie nfl'el 
 that W.IS inifHilg. Here the; took in water, but find- 
 ing no inh.ihit.'utts ran ftill farther foutiuvard ifitu x 
 harbour between two rocks, where the Ihips rode at 
 anchor fafely, till they chofc to proceed tinvards the 
 river Plate, in 36° north lat. In their courfe they 
 again loft fi«ht,of the Fly-boat, 011 which aiet.unt 
 Drake rcfoKcd to conlr.iiit the number of his (hips. 
 On the 13th of May failing along the coaft, Drake 
 difcovered a bay, and went out in his boat to cxaminu 
 it, founding all the way. Here a ftorm fuddenly Di.ikcin ^rcM 
 overtook him at the diftaiKe of about three leagues pc"' '»» !»«• 
 from his (hips ; one of which, however, commanded 
 by Cajrtain Thomas, failed boldly in to his relief, 
 and took the admiral on board, lying Iheltcrcd in the 
 harbour while thole veflels which were at fea were "'' 
 
 fevcrally feirfible of the cfteifls of the tcmpeft. As foon 
 as it was over, however, the crews difcovered where 
 their commmander was, by the fires which he had 
 lighted, and thus the companies joined again on (hore. 
 
 They met with no inhabitants here but found two A deferte* 
 wigwams built in the manner the Symerons had ufed "•"• 
 on their journey and alfo fevcraf dried fowls, among 
 which were fome oftriches. They faw befides a number 
 of thefe large birds alive, which, though they could 
 not fly, yet ran fo faft with the aHiftancc of the?r 
 winos, that there were none of them taken or killed 
 by the Englilh. 
 
 From hence they departed on the 15th of May, The Swan 
 and on the 19th came to an anchor in a more con- '""''=" "T-' 
 venient harbour; the .Swan which was feparated from 
 the fleet, being found, Drake ordered her to be broken 
 up, and the iron work ftorcd for fomc future oc- 
 cafion. 
 
 They were now on an ifland at the diftancc of 
 about a mile from the main, to which the fea, at low 
 water, was fordable. Here they faw a body of In- 
 dians, who by their grftures invited them on fiiore. ,.', 
 Drake therefore difpatched his boat with bell?, bugles, *■ .' " 
 and other toys. The Indians on their landing fent ._ 
 two men who made as if they would come to them, 
 but ftopped within a little diftancc, on which the '. 
 Englifh tied wh.it they had brought to a pole, re- « 
 tiring as the Indians advanced. In return the natives - -> 
 left fome of that fort of feathers which they wore upon 
 their heads, and a little bone carved and burni(bedy 
 about fin inches in length, feeniing by their motions .' ' 
 towards the rifing and fetting of the fun, and lifting -; 
 their hands towards the moon which then (houe 
 over their be.ids, to intimate profeflions of friend- 
 (hip. While they were buficd in thefe ceremonies, 
 the Englifh tnarchcd up the hill, but perceiving the 
 natives rather frightened at their near approach, they 
 retired peaceably, artd thus encouraged the natives to 
 come forward, who foon opened a traffic, cxchanginj; 
 arrows, feathers and bones, for any trffles with 
 which they thought proper to prefent them, and 
 
 " Douchtv fhnuld mean to touch hit brotber, and did, as it 
 ** were, allure himfelf that he had fome faribcr meaning In this, 
 ** anil that he meant to Hrikc at /lii credit ; a'ld he would not or 
 *' inultl not liv (loU*!, life, at be phrafed ir, futfcr it. From this 
 '* time forth grudges didieem to grcnvlK-iwcesthcm from dav 
 •• to day, to the no Imall admiration of the fell of the coni- 
 ** pany i although fume envying his foriner favour an.l trienii- 
 " Ihip with the general, and Tome, 1 think, doubting that hi'. 
 " capacity might reach too far, to the aggrandizing bis cr^<lic 
 •* in the country, talked varioufly of the matter.- however, 
 " Maftei Doughty was put again into the Pelican. 'I°hu 
 " St>"'K<'''r >ltNUUgh they had not long rcHed, yet were they 
 " grown to great extremities, fuch and fo gieat as a man or 
 " jtidgincnt would vetily think tint his love towards him in 
 " England wat more in brave words ihaa hearty good wijl 
 *• anil friendly lose." 
 
 ' Doughty »as a gcntlctnan bred, and 1 man nf fcnrc and 
 learning, whom Drake had invited in the mai) liiendly nun- 
 nrr, t» acctMi<p my liim in hii un^rrtakinj. * 
 
'^ 
 
 SIR FRANCIS DRAKE. 
 
 21 
 
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 Infc and 
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 Seal Bay. 
 
 in time bccr\mc quite foclal and familiar with their 
 ne* gucils*. 1 « • 
 
 Tht-re Indians were quite naked, except the Ikins 
 of Ibmc btMlbs that they threw over their ftiouKlers 
 occsfionally. Their hair, which was long, they rollcil 
 un with a plume of ortriih's UMllicrs, and here they 
 ttick their arrows which were made of rccds, headed 
 with flints; and their bows were about an ell long. 
 They painted their bodies with various figures, elpe- 
 cially tholV of the fun and moon, by way of ornament. 
 Thc-v had no canoe?, nor other method of croflin;; the 
 water ; and in the other iflands wliich abounded with 
 bir.ls [moll likely penguins] lb tame, that entertaining 
 no fears from man, having not been uled to his ty- 
 ranny, they fuflered themfelvcs to he taken in the 
 hand. Such a number of feals appeared likewifc on 
 thele co:i(h, that the tnt^lifti named the place where 
 tluy hi\j, Seal Hav. I'lie flcfl> of this animal which 
 the Englilh liad found to be wliolefom, fervcd the 
 Indians for foo.!, and tin-y feem to h;wc eaten it raw, 
 as tl-.ry weri.' not ohicrved to have any metliod ot pre- 
 paring their vidtu.i!s by fire. 
 
 The icpniation of Driike's veflels on an expedi- 
 tion I'ki. ins was gciirr:dly |>roduiflive of a numberot 
 TI'.- ill Mf'se i„convcniencies. When th- Swan fly-boat had been 
 r.. 'rdl'l^"* "" feparatod from the red on tli : Riahlian coaft, tlie crew 
 Swan. def|>airiiig of joiniiu^ ever a;j;,iin, their companion^ 
 
 bcnn to' fear left th"y ftioiiUl be in want of provi- 
 fions. Here the malK'r, {nu;(t probably the purfer) 
 beint^an enemy to Dou;;hty, and then appiehenfive 
 of a'fcantinefs of provihou' , ehofe to withdriw him- 
 felf from Doughty's and Cheller's mcfs, the latter of 
 whom had really been ma^e cnptain of the fly-boat. 
 To him nouj!;lity applied, finding this overbearing 
 man pnt them to ihort allowance, wliile he rather 
 augmented than decreaied his own diet. Many words 
 palled on this occafion b:tweea the tlirec porii'ns, and 
 even fonie blows between the malter ;mvJ Doughty. 
 The former viewing the latter in the light of one liint 
 onboard in difgrace, toldhinvif he ever came home 
 toenjoy any advantage from the vovagc, " he wou! ' 
 " be triiflVd up." ' Adding, " I'hou I wilt thou 
 «« have viiSiials ? tliou (halt he glad if wc do not 
 «' meet the general, to eat that that falls from my 
 •' fail on tiie anchor fluke ere wcgct home.ngain. ' 
 The humanity of the declaration being equal to the 
 politeneis of the exprcflion, incenfed Doughty fo 
 mucit, that he urged Cliefter to behave as became a 
 commaiHl.T, adding, " Lole nothing of that autho- 
 rity that the gcneial committed unto you. If you 
 will, we will put the fwoni into your hands .igain, 
 an I you Ihall h.ivc th:: government." This cafe the 
 writer fivs he will aver to be true j two or three pcr- 
 f )ns IkIii;; (\\ orn to the articles ; ami tlitfi were imer- 
 fyalfii ill the nciujatijn, on the ground of v/hkh hi was 
 to /•< lnharli!. 
 
 The Swan having joined the fleet, .nnd being 
 deftroyed, as wu hive already noticc<l. Doughty was 
 again taken on board the Pelican, where it fcems what 
 pafl'ed in the Sv/an was related in fuch a manner as 
 to aitgravate matters, when high words cnfucd bc- 
 t.veen'iiiiii and tlr- general, whom in his anger he told 
 'ih.it iic thoir"',iit ins word was to be believed .as foonas 
 his commander's oath ; who then Uruck him, and 
 ordered him to be hound to the mart, for the accom 
 )dilhnH:it of wliich the maftcr of the fly-boat took no 
 funll piins." He and his brother John Doughty, were 
 afler*ards fnt on hoard the Canter, where he had rea 
 foil to h< lit ve his life would be endangered f. 
 
 It is ohfervable that while Mr. Doughty was thus 
 
 \,-"\i -m ..f P'-rleeuted, one Thomas Cuttle, who had formerly 
 
 rrol'li-i-i"- been Captain of the Pelican under Drake, refolved 
 
 in Diraj'.;:)'^ togoovcr to the main, wading with his piece in his 
 
 f«»cur Vol. I. No. 3. 
 
 ' Onr i.f the native", hiving received a cap off the general's 
 held, uith.iicw to adiftanre, and thrufl an arrow into liislct;, 
 Iriii.igthc lilocd trickle duwo in Drake's fight, which was duubt- 
 Iclk .1 token ol |>ratitudc, and was interpreted by that coniman.-ler 
 .1- an cmtdcm of ihat Indian's wiliingncfs to (hcd his blood in 
 his (cTii<c. 
 
 t 'flit C'ao'.cr was t reflcl taken inm tht Spaniards on the 
 
 wsrs 
 
 hand through the fliallow water which we have dc- 
 fcriheil. This man iblcmnly dec'arcd that he thought 
 himlUf h.irdly ufed on Mr. Doughty"* account, of 
 whom h. knew no harm, adding that he would rather 
 truft himfelf in the handsof the cannibals than en- 
 dure fuch hardtreatment from the hands of the ge- 
 neral \. , ■ r \c 
 
 Before they left this harbour, the admiral himfelf 
 coming on board the Eliiabeth, told the crew that he 
 was to fend there the two Doughties, men againft 
 whom he made heavy complaints as feditious perlbns, 
 wirard-i, and poilbners, obfcrving that they were the 
 only obdacles to a voy.agc wherein thcmcanert fliip-boy 
 mi^'ht make a fortune, and gold would become a» 
 plentiful as v*-ood in the fleet. After this, the two 
 brothers being fent on board, as it might be cxpcfted, 
 v/erc genially treated accordingly, only Thomas 
 Doughty having agreed to pay the boatfwain 3I. for a 
 cabin, which was moft uncomfortably fituated 1 the 
 poor man loll his office, and fell under the heavy dif- 
 pleafurc of the admiral, on this account. 
 
 The fleet failed on the 3d of June for the South 
 Sea, and iloppin? in their way fix days after at a lit- 
 tle bay, they broke up the St. Chrilh'pher, being a 
 vclTel too fmall to live in thofc dangerous feas which 
 thev fometimcs encountered. As they proceeded, they 
 found thcmfclves under a ncciflity of anchoring in 
 another bav, with a drfign to recover the I'ortuguefe 
 prize which they had not feen fince the 27th of 
 Aiiril. On the 18th, after prayers put up to Heaven 
 for fuccefs, they put to fca, and the next day difco- ^|^^^. ^^^.^.^ 
 vcrcd the velTel near Port Julian, which port they en- „ !>„/, jui|j„. 
 tcrcd, on .account of her proving leaky, and alib to 
 rcfrclh the crew after the fatigues they had un- 
 dergone during their feparation. Two of the na- 
 tives, of who?; fize Maghellan had left fuch an en- 
 ormous account, and whom Drake's people alfo [^j!^"""' "*' 
 
 thought to be fomcwhat gigantic, accoftcd them when 
 they landed, received whatever was given them, and 
 foon after began (hooting arrows with them for emula- 
 tion ; but, as might be expeifted, found themfclves 
 greatly excelled in the ufe of the bow by their new 
 giiells. 
 
 But another of the natives appearing prcfently af- _, . 
 ter, feemetl not at all plcafed with the friendly recep- ^\*ll ^ 
 tion which his countrvmen gave the ftrangers. — His 
 l>erfuafions were not without their eftrft ; for after-' 
 wards one of the company being willing to Ihew this 
 third Indian a fpecimen of his (kill, in attempting to 
 (hoot an arrow broke his bow-firing. The natives, 
 not knowing of any other ofFenfive weapons which 
 the Englilh had, followed them .as they were return- 
 ing to their Aoat, and (howered their arrows upon 
 them, wounding in the Ihoulder h .1 who aimed thu 
 bow, and turning about he was pierced with ano- 
 ther arrow in the brcall. Oliver, the mailer gunner, 
 who had begun the friendly contcd, was not now back- 
 ward in entering into this more ferinus one ; he prc- 
 fentcd his piece, and doubtlefs would have done execu- 
 tion among the alTailants but that it milled fire, and 
 the Indians immediatclv difcharging another flight of 
 arrows he was flain. — All was now furprife and con- 
 fufion ; but Drake, who was polTelTed of uncommon 
 intrepidity and prcfence of mind in time of danger, 
 encouraged his men, diretflcd them brft how to avoid 
 the eflvQ of their adverlaries weapons by Ihifting their 
 place as they retreated, and by picking up tlieir ar- 
 rows and breaking them. At length taking the gun 
 which had milfed lire in Oliver's hand, he dtfcharged 
 it at the Indian who had killed the gunner, and the 
 hail-(hot with which it was loaded tearing open his 
 belly, he fled with terrible c jtcries. This fo intimi- 
 dated the Indians, that they in confequence of it 
 H let 
 
 coaO of Africa. 
 
 X He purfucd his defign and went up the country, but firinfi 
 Ids piece, in orderto bring the oatlres to bim, thia being under- 
 ftood as a fignalthat he wanted to return, a Immc was fent which 
 brought him back again.— But fuiely adeclaratinn like ihi from 
 onewliowas gning tn make fu hazardous an ex^Ktiincni, ught 
 doubtlefv tn allu.Ncd of great weight in a cafe of this naturf. 
 
tx 
 
 ■578 
 
 Trial Kf 
 
 THE VOYAGES OF 
 
 The clurge 
 a);iinit liitu 
 lud over. 
 
 let the Admiral tvlthdraw his wounded fiirnds, :ind 
 the Eiiglith remained on the roafts for tvtomuivthii 
 after this quarrel without experiencing from tlicm 
 »ny farther ai^i of hoftility. 
 
 It was Iiere that Mr. Tho. DoughtVi againft whom 
 Drake had fo long entertained fa much hatred, wasex- 
 ecuted by his onH'r, of which circumftancc there arc 
 various accounts. Birt tiK moltcircumllautial, and 
 that which agrees bcft inall its parts being to be found 
 in the fniuiulcript from wliich our accounts are drawn, 
 we (hall here prcfent that relation of this tragical advcii- 
 nire without abridging or interrupting his relation. 
 
 " On this iflaud in Port St. Julian, palled many 
 matters, which, I think, God would not have to be 
 tondcaled, efpecially for that they tended to mur- 
 der ) for he (Drake) fjicwcd out againft Thomas 
 Doughty his venom. Here he ended all his con- 
 ceived hatred, not by courtefy and friendly reconcile- 
 ment, but by moft tyrannical blood-fpilling ; for he 
 was never quiet while he lived,, who in wifdom and 
 honeft government as far furpafledhim, as he in ty- 
 ranny lurpaffed all men. 1 he world never com- 
 mitted a (i£i like unto this ; for here he murdered 
 him that, if he had well looked unto himfclf,liad been 
 a more furc and (ledfaft- friend unto him than ever was 
 Pythias to his friend Damon, as I tliink the fcqucl of 
 this cafe will flicw. 
 
 " Tlielaftdayof June, the general himfelf, being 
 fct in place of judgment, and having tho wlu)lc com- 
 pany brought on fhorc, and having Captain John 
 I'homas fet dole by him, who opened a bundle of 
 papers that were rolled up togetner, wherein were 
 written divers and fundry articles, the which, before 
 they were read, the getural fpoke untotlie Durportof 
 them, and turning himfelf to Thomas Doughty, 
 who was there prcfent, being before brought thither 
 more like a thief than a gentleman of honelt conver- 
 fation, he began his charge thus ; — Thomas Doughty, 
 you have here fought by divers means, in as much as 
 you may, todilcrtdit me, to the great hindrance and 
 overthrow of this voyage j liefidcs other great mat- 
 ters with which I have to charge you, the which, if 
 you can clear yourfelf of, you and I (hall be very 
 good friends ; whereof if you cannot, you have dc- 
 ferved death : Maftcr Doughty anfwcred, it <hould 
 never be approved that he had merited ill by under- 
 taking any villainv towards him.— ^By whom, quolh 
 the general, will you be tried ? Why, good gene- 
 lal, let me live to come unto my country, and 
 I will be there tried by her majcdy's laws. Nayj 
 Thomas Douglity, f.iid, he, I will here imp.-innci a 
 jury on you, tu cuc^uire into thole matters that 
 I have to charge you withal. Why, general, replied 
 Doughty, I hojie you will fee your comnvfTion be 
 good : I'll warrant you, anlwerwl the gcner.il, my 
 commiflion is good enough. I pray yo'i then let us 
 fee it, faid Mailer Doup;htv ; it is necclFary that it 
 Ihould be here flicwn ; Well, quoth he, you Iha'l «)/ 
 Jee it. Then addrelBng himi'clf to f',s company, 
 you fee, my maftcrs, how this fellow is full of pra- 
 ting, bind mc, his arms, for I will be fafocf my life. 
 My matters, you that he my good friends, Thomas, 
 
 Good, Gregory, you there, my friends, bind ; fo 
 
 thty took .ind bound his arms behind him. Then he 
 " Hltercd divers furious words unto Thomas Doughty, 
 as chr.rging him to he the m;m that poifoned my lord 
 cf Kflcx ; whereas Mailer Doughty vouched it to his 
 f.KT, that hr was the man th.it brought the general 
 ^r(i to ti; : prcleiice of my lord in Eikghind. Thou 
 bring m^, quolh the general, to my lord f Sec, my 
 m:iUirs, fee here, how he goeth about to difcredit me. 
 Tills fellow, wirlt my lord, was never of any cdlma- 
 tion i I think he never came about him as a gentle- 
 man i for I that wa» d;uly with my lord, n.'ver faw 
 him there above oiice, and thut vtsib long .■.iz^t my tn- 
 tcrt'iinmcnt with my lord. 
 
 ** Then, in fine, was there a jury called, whereof 
 Mailer Jolui Winter was foreman. Then by John 
 Thomas were the articles read unto them, even cnct 
 tur for a laft fariKitU for fear that men (houlJ have 
 
 carried them away by memory, all which appearetf t» 
 confill of words of unkinilncl':^, and to proceed at 
 foilie cho!cr when the pnfoncr v.'a> provoked, all which 
 Doughty did not greatly deny : until at length came 
 in one Edward Bright, whole hoiielly of lilc 1 have 
 nothing to do with, who faid. Nay, I'nomas Doughty, 
 we have other niatters for you yet, that will a little 
 nearer loucli you. It will, i'laith, bite you to the 
 grilkin. 1 piuy thee, Ned Blight, laid llie prifoner, 
 charge me with nothin;; but truth, and I'parv mc not. 
 Then John ri)omas ie:id further tor his lall article 
 to conclude the whole with;il. That Thomas 
 Doughty fliould lay to KilwaiU Bright in Mjilct 
 Drake's gauUn, that the queen's inajelly and coun- 
 cil would be corrupted, bo ijright hoiding up his 
 linger, faid, Uow like you this gare, firrah ? VVhy, 
 Ned Bright, laid Mailer Doughty, wll^t Ihould in- 
 duce thee thus to bt.lye me.' thou knowcll that fuch 
 familarity was never between thee and me ; but it 
 may be, that I have laid, if we brought home gold, 
 we fliouKI be the better welcome ) but yet this is more 
 than 1 do remember. 'I'hcn it came out, on further 
 evidence, that Mailer Doughty fhould fay, that my 
 lord treafurer had a plot of the prefent voyage. No, 
 that he hath not, quoth General Drake. '1 he other 
 replicil, that he h^d, and had it of him. See, my 
 mailers, faid Drake, what this fellow hath done, 
 God will have this treachery all known \ for her Ma- 
 jclly gave me fpecial commandment, that of all men 
 my lord treafurer (hould not know it ; but you fee his 
 own mouth hath betrayed him. So this was a fpecious 
 article againll him to hurt his throat, and greatly he 
 fcemed to rejoice of this ailvanragc. 
 
 " Then Mafter Doughty oficred him, if he would 
 permit him to live, and to anl'wer thcfe objections ii\ 
 tngland, he would fet his hand to whatfo was there 
 written, or to any thing elfe that he would fet down. 
 Well, once let theft men, quoth the general, fit ft find 
 whether you are guilty in this or no, ami then we will 
 talk further of the matter : And then hedeiivered (af- 
 ter they had ;ill taken their oaths, given by JohnTho- 
 mas) the bills of indidment, as I may term them, 
 unto Mr. John Winter, who was foreman of this in- 
 quell. Then Mailer Leonard Vicary, a veryaflurcd 
 triendof Mailer Thomas Doughty, faid unto him. 
 General, this is not law, nor agreeable to juftice, that 
 you offer. I have not to do with your crafty lawyers, 
 neither do I care for the law , but I k(iow what 1 will 
 do.— —Why, quoth Mailer Vicary, who was one of 
 hisjury,! knownothow wemayanlwerhislife. Well, 
 Mailer Vicary, quoth he, you lliall not have todo with 
 hislifei Ictmt aloncwiththat; youarebuttofindwhe- 
 ther he be guilty in thefe articles that here are obje^ed 
 againft him, or no. Why, very well, faid Mailer V icary, 
 then, there is, I truft, no matter of death. No, no. Hi: is dcclarol 
 Mailer, \' icary, quoth he. Sowith this the jury went guilty, 
 together, finding all to be true, without any doubt 
 or Hop made, but only to that article that Kilward 
 Bright had ohjciled againft him; for it was doubted 
 of lome whether Bright were fuflicient with his only" 
 word to rail away the life of a man. And truly it did 
 argue finall honclly in a man to conceal fuch a matter 
 if it had been I'poken in Kngl.ind, end to utter it in 
 this place where will was law, anu leafon put in ex- 
 ile; foran honell l'ul-j;il wouKl not have concealed 
 fuch matter, which in;ide tome doubt of an honeft deal- 
 ing. But, to be brief, ani'wer was made, that Briglic 
 was a very honeft man; and fo tht ' -l'^ being gi- 
 ven in, it was told to the gene. :;, \\i\'. iherewas a 
 doubt made of Bright's honclly. Wiiy, quoth Mai- 
 ler Drake, I dare \a fwear that wliat ^itd Bright has 
 faid is very true, (yet within a fortntghi after, liie fame 
 iiright was in fuch dilliking with him as he feenicd to 
 doubt hiv life; and having difplacod him of the Peli- 
 can, and put him into theMarygold, he jjjvc for rea- 
 fon, that himfelf would be i'afe, and he would put hitn 
 far enough from him.) Thus having received in the 
 verdi(!t he rofe off the place, and departed to the wa- 
 ter-fidc, were calling all the company with him, ex- 
 c"pt MalU-r TlionKis Doughty and hi> brother, he there 
 
 a opened ,, 
 
SIR FRANCIS DRAKE. 
 
 23 
 
 opdicd a cerl«in bundle of letters am! bills, and look- 
 ing on thcm» faid (jotl's will, / have Irft in my cabin 
 that IJh^uldifptciallfhavt had, (as if he bad there fur- 
 gotten his tommiflion : ) but whether he forgot his 
 commiinon or no, he much forgot himfelf, to fit as 
 juilgc without (hewing that he liad any ; but, truly, I 
 think he Ihewcd to the uttLimoft what he had : for 
 here be (hewed forth, firft, letters that were written, 
 as he faid, by Mafter Hankins to my Lonl of Kllex 
 for his entertainment ; fecondly, he (hewed letters of 
 thanks from my Lordof Eflcx unto him, and how much 
 hehadpleafurcdhim, thenrcad the letters that part from 
 my Lord of Effex unto Secretary Walfmgham in his 
 
 freat commendation % then (hewed he letters of Mafter 
 iatton's unto himfelf, tending for the acceptance of 
 his men John Thomas and John Brewer, for their 
 well ufage in this voyage j and laftly, he read a bill 
 of her Majefty's adventure of a thoufand crowns (but 
 I moft marvelled that fo many noblemen and gentle- 
 men did leave their letters in his hands, except it were 
 to (hew in this place for his credit. ) So when he had 
 all donf, he faid, Now, my mafters, you may fee 
 whether this follow hath fought my difcreait or no, and 
 What (hould hereby be meant but the very overthrow 
 of the voyage ; as (irft, by taking away of my good 
 name, and altogether difcrediting me, and then my 
 life i which I being bereaved of, what then will you 
 do ? you will fain one to drink another's blood, and 
 fo to rerun; again unto your own country : you will 
 liever be able to find the way thither. And now, my 
 ina(iers, confider what a great voyage we are like to 
 make, the like was never made out of England ; for 
 by the fame the worft in this fleet (hall become a gentle- 
 man, and if this voyage go not forward, which I 
 cannot fee how polTibly it (hould, if this man live, 
 what a reproach it will be, not only unto our coun- 
 try, but efpecially unto us, the very fimpleft here 
 may confider of. Therefore, my mafters, they that 
 think this man worthy to die, let them with me hold 
 up their hands ; and they that think him not worthy 
 to die, hold down their hands ; at the which, divers 
 that envied his former felicity, held up their hands ; 
 fome others agdin, for fear of his favourity, ftickcd 
 not to lift their hands, although againft their hearts ; 
 but fome, again lifted up their hands and very hearts 
 unto the Lord, to deliver us of this tyrannous and 
 Senttnce cjf """^' tyrant j who upon the fame, coming to his for- 
 <tc«ih pro- iner judgment feat, pronounced him the child of 
 tiounccd on death, and pcrfuaded him withal, that he would by 
 Uouglii)'. this means make him the fervant of God : and faid 
 farther, if any man could, between this and next 
 meeting, devife any way that might fave his life he 
 would near it ; and wi(hed himfelf to devife fome way for 
 his own fafeguard. Well, general, qiioth he, feeing 
 it is come to this pafs, that 1 fee you would have me 
 made away, I pray you carry nte with you to Peru, 
 and there fet me alhore. No, truly, Maftrj- Doughty, 
 I cannot anfwer it to her Majefty, if I (hould fo do ; 
 but, how fay you, Thomas Doughty, if any man 
 will warrant me to be fal« from your hands, and 
 will undertake to keep you fure, you (hall ice what 
 I will fay unto you. MafVer Doughty then calling on 
 Mafter Winter, faid, will you be fo good as to undertake 
 this for me \ Then Ma(ter Winter faid unto Mafter 
 Drake, that he (hould be fafe of his pcrfon, and he 
 would warrant him, if he did commit him to his cuf- 
 tody. Then Drake, a little paufing, faid. See then, 
 my mafters, we muft do thus ; we muft nail him clofe 
 under the hatches, and return home again without 
 making any voyage, and if you will do fo, then 
 fpeak your minds. Then a company of defperate 
 bankrupts that could not live in their own country 
 without the fpoil of that, as others had by the fweat 
 p( their brows, cried, God forbid, good pjcneial ! 
 which voice was no lefs attentively heard, for there 
 needs no fpur to a willing horfc. Thus telling Ma- 
 imer Doughty to prepare for his death, and having 
 given him one whole day's refpite, to fet all things in 
 order, he rofe and departed, promifing that his con- 
 tinual prayers to God (hould not ceafe, that it would 
 
 pleafi him to put it into hi, lij.;J lunv he mi^lit do 15-S 
 
 liiin good J but he- \\m\ lb uluii liolore fworn that lie '■—.'—^ 
 would hang him, that, I think, at this pri-fcnt he 
 meant to do him lirtk-good. Tlius jVI.iftcr Doup.hty 
 continuing all this nijht, the next il ly, ami the fc- 
 cond iii^ht in his prnyers, except fonn* fmill time 
 that he ufed in fi.-tlling his worldly bufinvfs in fome 
 way, and diftribiiting to fuch as he thu,ii|;ht good, 
 fuch things as he then had with him, was the 2d d;iv 
 of July commanded to prepare himfelf, and to make 
 ready to die. Then Mafter Uouj'.htv, with a morff 
 chcarful countenance than ever he had in all his life, 
 to the (hew, ab (Mie that did altoi^thcr contemn life, 
 prayed him, that ere he died h^; might receive the facra- 
 ment ; which was not only granted, but Drake him- 
 felf offered to accompany him to the Lord's tabli*, 
 for the whichMaftcr Doughtygave him hearty thanks, 
 never worfc terming him than. My Good Captain. 
 Mafter Drake offered him withal to make choice of 
 his own death, and for that h; faid he was a i;cntle- 
 man, he (hould hut lofe his head, the which kind of 
 death was moft agreeable to his mind, in as much as 
 he muft needs die. And, truly, 1 heard fay, that 
 Mafter Drake offered him if he would, that he Ihould 
 be (hutten to death with a piece, and that he him- 
 felf would do that exploit, and fo he (hould die by i^^^^^^;,..,,!,^ 
 the hands of a gentleman. But, in fi;ie, they toge- coimu union » 
 thcr received the Lord's fupper ; the which I do ever 
 alTure myfelf that he did take with as uncorrupted a 
 mind as ever did any innocent of the world ; for he 
 fure (hewed himfelf^ to have all his affiance and only 
 truft in God ; he (hewed himfelf fn valiant in this ex- 
 tremity, as the world might wonder at it ; he feemed to 
 have conquered death itfclf, and it was not feen, that 
 on all this day before his death, that ever he altered 
 one jot of his countenance, but kept it as ftaid and 
 firm as if he had fome incffage to deliver to fome noble- 
 man. They having thus received the facramcnt, there Dine^ wiilnht 
 was a banquet made, fuch as the place might yield, »>linii»l. 
 and there they dined together, in which time, tht 
 place of execution being made ready, after dinner, as 
 one not willing any longer to dcLiy the time, he told 
 the general that he was ready as foon as pleafed him) 
 but prayed him, that he might fpeak alone with him a 
 few words, with the which they talked apart the fpace 
 of half a quarter of an hour, and then with bills and 
 ftaves he was brought to th; place of execution, ' 
 
 where he (hewed himfelf no Itfs valiant than all the 
 time before; for here kneeling on his knees, he 
 firft prayed for the queen's majefty of England, his 
 fovereign lady and niiftrcfs ; he then praved to God 
 for the happy fuccefs of this x'oyagc, and praved to 
 God to turn it to the profit of his country : he re- 
 membered alfo therein divers his good friends, and 
 efpecially Sir Williiun Winter, praying Mafter John 
 Winter to commend him to that good knight ; all 
 which he did with fo chearful a countenance, .ts 
 if he had gone to fome grjat prepared banquet, th'i 
 which, I (lire think, that he was fully rcfolved that 
 (jod had provided for him ; fo at the laft, turning to 
 the general, he prayed him that he might make water 
 ere he died. For, quoth he, the flolh is frail, and with- 
 al turned him about and did fo ; and coming again, 
 faid, Now truly I may fay as faid Sir Thomas More, 
 that he that cuts off my hiad (hall have little honcftv 
 [credit] my neck is {a (hort ; fo turning him, and 
 looking about on the whole company, he defired thcni 
 all to forgive him, and efpecially lome that he did 
 perceive to have difpleafure borne them for his fake, 
 whereof Thomas Cuttle was one, Hugh Smith was 
 another, and divers others ; whereupon Smith prayed 
 him to fay before the general then, whether ever they 
 had any conference together that might redound to his 
 (the general's) prejudice or detriment. He declared 
 it at his death, that neither he nor any man elfe, ever 
 praAifcd any treachery towards the general with him j 
 neither did he himlelf ever think any villainous 
 tRought againft. Then he praved ' the general to be 
 good unto the fume Hugh Smitfi, and to fori!,i\c him, 
 for his fjkc. So the (jeneral faiJ, Well, Smith, for 
 
 Maftir 
 
THE VOYAGES OF 
 
 1578 Miflir Doll 
 
 i^.iey'> fakr, and at his requcA, I forgive 
 
 thee i but hicome an hnncit man hcrcal'tcr. So then 
 Mailer Dntighty embracing the gt'ncr.il, naming him 
 his good captain, bid him farcwcl, :ind bitldini; the 
 whcHe cnmiiany farewel, he laid his head tu the hicick, 
 H« li executed the which ix-ing ftrickcn off, Drake moil deCpitet'iilly 
 nude the head to he taken up ahd ihewed to the whole 
 company, iiimreirfayinz. Sec this is the end ot'lrai tors." 
 Wc have already oblerved that there have been va- 
 rious accounts of this matter. In one of thefo we find 
 it related, th.it at I'uit St. Julian, Drake called a fort 
 of council of war or court martial, and (huwid his 
 commillion, by virtue of which the queen gave him 
 power of life and death, which was laid to be ilclivcred 
 witli thefe words from her own mouth : " Wcdo ac- 
 " count, Drake, that he who (irikes at thee (trikes 
 •' at u."." Here li^cvife it is pretended that he ex- 
 pofej Mr. Douj|;hty'.s bad pradices from the time of 
 their leaving; England, appealing to the company for 
 his cordinl behaviour to the gentleman accufed, fup- 
 portiiig his ch.irge Uv producing papers under his own 
 hand,'" /« whiih Atr. Dtugbtj [a circumllance not 
 " vcTV probabKJ a<l/ltd a fiillanAj'rti ttnffjii»i." Nor 
 is wli.it fiillows, at all more likely, vi/. 'I'hat the 
 iicciilid h.ivlii;; it left to his choice to be cxcciitctl 
 na the ill.iiid, wlijre they then were, to be fet on (hore 
 on the main I.in.l, or to be fent home to abide the iuf- 
 tice of his country ; after a day's confideration, gave 
 his rcafons [to bj fure they muft have been xuti^hty 
 eiirs] for chufing to be executed at Port Julian, 
 •' and having received the facramcnt with the g,-ii;'ial 
 " from the hands of Mr. Francis Fletcher, chaplain 
 " to the fleet, and made a full confeflion, his head 
 " was cut off with an ax, by the provoll marlhal, 
 " July the id, I 578." 
 
 The execution of Doughty was followed by fomc 
 inihintes of partiality againrt particular perfons, which 
 at the f.une time that they marked the jiartiality of 
 Drake, feemed Ifrongly to indicate his doubts relative 
 to the expedition in which he was engaged, and 
 wheriin '' appeared plainly enough that all the 
 queen's Cv >■ .rn was that of h>iving condcfcended to 
 advance a lonfidirablc fum as a private adventurer. 
 
 'I'hc lall proof which we (hall here adduce to fup- 
 port the opinions wc have advanced we (hall draw 
 from this commander's fpeech to his men on the 6th 
 of Aujull, a few days before he left Port Julian. 
 
 " Commiiiding his whole company aftiore, and 
 placing himll'lf in a tent, one fide of which was open, 
 h: called Mailer Winter on one fide of him, and 
 John Thomas on the other fide ; his men laid before 
 him a great paper book, and withal Matter Fletcher 
 offered hiinfelf to make a fermon. Nay, foft. Mailer 
 Fletcher (faid he) I muft preach this day myfclf, 
 ,:lthough I h.ive fmall fkill in preaching. Well, all 
 ye the company, arc ye [all here] or not .' Anfwer 
 was made that thev were all there. Then commanded 
 he every ftiip's company feverally to Hand together, 
 which was .nllb done. Then faid he. My mailers, 
 am a very bad orator, for my bringing up hath not 
 been in learning, but whatfo I (hall here fpeak, let 
 rvery man take good notice of, and let him write it 
 down, for I fliall fpeak nothing but what I will an- 
 fwer it In England, yea, anil before her Majeftv, as 
 I have it here already fct down.* 
 
 " Thus it is my mafters, that wc arc very far from 
 our country and friends ; wc are compailed in on 
 every fide with our enemies, wherefore wc arc not to 
 make fmall reckoning of a man, for we cannot have 
 a man if we would give for him ten thoufand 
 pounds, wherefore wc muft have thei'e mutinies and 
 dilirontcnts that are grown amongft us redrefled ; for, 
 by the life of God, it doth even take my wits from 
 me to think on it. Here is fuch controverfy between 
 the failors and the gentlemen, and fuch ftomaching 
 
 FtmiiVil.lc 
 ti^ccch ot 
 DriVtr ro Ii;s 
 com{>any. 
 
 ■' " Biit whcihtr i< were in hit book or not (favs the tutliot) 
 thit I know not, b«t thi* wis Iht %f[t& of it, and very ncir tlie 
 
 word;.' 
 
 between tlic eentlcmen and failors, that it doth even 
 make me maiTtnhe.ii uf it. Uul my mailers, 1 mult 
 have it leafe i lor 1 mull have the gentlemen to haul 
 and draw with the marines, and the marine* with the 
 gentlemen ; and let us fliew ourlelves to be all oi a 
 company, and lei us not give uccafion to the enemy 
 to I- jdiir at our decay and overthrow. I would [fain | 
 know hiin that would refulo tr> lit his hand to a rope j 
 but I trull, there it not any fuch here ; and us gintle- 
 nun are very mcefl'ary (or guvcinment Like on the 
 voyage, fo have | (hipt them for that purpoli', iiid to 
 fonie further intent, aad yet, though I know I'ailors to 
 be the moll envious people of the world and lb unruly 
 without government, yet rruy I not l>e without them. 
 " Alio if there be any willing to return home, let 
 mc underilaiid of them, and there is the Marygold, 
 a fliip that I can ixry well fpare, I will furiiilh her to 
 fuch as will return, with the moll credit that I can 
 give them, either by my letter or any way elfe ; but 
 let them take care that they go hcmninrd; for, if I 
 meet them in my w.iv, 1 will fink them } therefore 
 you (hall have time to lonfideriiereof until to-morrow, 
 for, by my troth, I mull needs be plain with you ; / 
 haut laktH ihul in hand thai I iniw mt i>i lU Ktrld htw 
 to g3 ihnugh withal ; it i)aireth my capiicity, it hath 
 even bereaved me of my wits to think on it. [Well 
 yet the voice was that none would return, they would 
 all tiJce fuch part as he did. ) Well then, my mailers, 
 quoth he, came ye all forth with your own good wills 
 or no ? 'Fliey aniwered all. Willingly. t .'Vt whofc 
 hands, mv mailers, di.m:iiided he, take ye to receive 
 vour wages ? At your's, anlwered the company. 
 I'hen laid he. How fay you, will you take wages, or 
 Hand to my good courtely .' To your courtcfy, good 
 capt.iin, was the reply. 
 
 " Then he commanded the ftew.ird to the Elizabeth 
 to bring him the key of the ftorcs, the which he did. 
 Then turning him unto Mailer Winter, he laid. 
 Mailer Winter, I do hero difcharjc you of vour 
 captainftiip j and lb in brief he faid to all the officers. 
 I'hen Mailer Winter, and John Thomas .ilked him 
 what (hould move him to dil'pl.ice thim ? He aiked, 
 in return, whether they could jiivc any real'on why 
 he (hould not do fo ? So wiliini; thcni to content 
 thcinii'lves, he willed filence in thefe mattci', faving, 
 ye fee here the great difiirders we are entangled into j 
 and although feme [mtaning Doughty] have already 
 received condign punithment;:, as by death, who, I 
 take God to witncfs, as you all know, was to me as 
 my other hand, yet you fee, over and befidcs the reil, 
 his own mouth Hid bewray his treacherous dealings ; 
 and fee how, trufting to the fingularity of his wit, he 
 over-reached himfelf at unawares. But fee what Gotl 
 would have to be done ; for her Majcfty commandeJ 
 that of all men my lord trealurer (hould have no 
 knowledi^e of this voyage, and to fee that his own 
 mouth h.itK declared that he had given him a plot 
 [plan] thereof. Out truly, my mafters, and as I am 
 a gentleman, there (hall no more die ; I will lay my 
 hand on no more, although there be here who have 
 delcrved as much as he: and lb charging [charged] 
 one Worrall, that was prci'ent, that his cafe was 
 worfe than Doughtv's, who, in Maftcr Doughtv's 
 extremities, was one of Drake's confel lows, who [hej 
 humbling himfelf to Drake, even upon his knees, 
 prayed him to be good unto him. Well, well, Wor- 
 rall, faid he, you and I (hall talk weil enough of this 
 matter hereafter. Then he charged one John Audley 
 with fome ill dealings towards him, but opened no 
 matter, but faid he would talk with him alu.ne after 
 dinner. 
 
 " Here is fomc again (faid he) my mafters, not 
 knowing how elfe to difcredit me, fay and affirm that 
 I was fet out on this voyage by Mailer Hatton ; fonic, 
 by Sir William Winter; and fomc, by Mafter ll.xn- 
 
 kins i 
 
 t But wc have alieadv noiiccd, it was ro fail to Aleiunilria, 
 anil nut with a view tuihc enieipiirc wlictcin ilicy were now 
 engaged. 
 
5 
 
 SIR FRANCIS DRAKE. 
 
 >i 
 
 me as 
 ic rcH, 
 
 in?s : 
 
 it, lie 
 lat Ci(hI 
 
 i.iiulcJ 
 
 ivf no 
 IS own 
 
 ;i plot 
 1 am 
 lay my 
 lin have 
 
 largeJ] 
 alb was 
 !;litv's 
 ho [lie] 
 
 knees, 
 Wor- 
 
 of this 
 
 AuJley 
 ;ned no 
 nc after 
 
 •rs, not 
 rmthat 
 ; ("onic, 
 fcr M.1M- 
 kiiis i 
 
 exandriftr 
 
 Itini t but thefc arc a company of idle heads that 
 have nothing clfe to talk of. And, my marters. I 
 muft tell you, I do know them a» my very good friends ; 
 but to fay they wetc the fitters fi>rth of this voyage, 
 or that it was by fheir means, F tell you it was nothing 
 fo. But indeed thus it was. My lord of Eflex wrote 
 in my commendation unto Secretary \Valfin(4ham 
 more than I was worthy, but by lik.: 1 haddclLived 
 fomewhatathis hands, and he thought [repotted J me 
 in his letters, a fit man againft the Spaniards for my 
 praaicc and experience that I had in that [the Spamrii I 
 trade i whereupon Indeed Secretary Walfinghani did 
 come to confult with his lordfhip, and dcclanil unto 
 him that for that her majcfly had received divers in- 
 juries of the king of Spain, for the which (he de- 
 filed to have fomc revenge ; and, withal he fhcwed me 
 a plot [plan] willing me to fct my haml, and to write 
 down where I thought he might bemolUngagcd ; but 
 1 told him fume part of my mind, but refufed to fct 
 my handtoanythiiii', affirming that her majcfty was 
 mortal, and if it ftould plcafc Cjixl to take her ma- 
 jefty awiiy, it might be fo that fome perfon might 
 reign th.at might be in league with the king of Spain, 
 and then wiU [would] mine own hand be a witnifs 
 againft myfelf. Then was I very (hortly after, and 
 on an evening, fent for to her majcfty by Secretary 
 Walfmjgham ; and the next day coming to her ma- 
 jcfty, ihcfe or the like words (he faid: Drake, foit is 
 that I would be gladly revenged on the king of Spain 
 for divers injuries that I ha<'e itrcivcd. And [as Drake 
 aflerted,] fhcfaid further that he was the only man 
 that might do this exploit, and withal craved his ad- 
 vice therein, who told her majefty of the fmall good 
 fhai was to be done in Spain, but the only way was to 
 annoy him by his Indies. 
 
 " Then, with many more words he (hewed forth 
 a bill of her majcfty's adventure of a thoufand crowns 
 which however he faid at fomc time before, that her 
 Jii.ijefty did give him towards his charges. He (hewed 
 alfo a bill of Mafter Hatton's adventure, and divers 
 Utters of credit that had pafled in his behalf, but ne- 
 ver let them come out of his own hands. He faid 
 alfo that her majefty did fwear by her crown, — That 
 if any within her realm did give the king of Spain 
 hereof to underftand (as (he (ufpcAed but iwi) they 
 fhould lofe their heads therefore. 
 
 " And now, ma(ters, faid he, let us confider what 
 Wc have done — We have nowfet together by the ears 
 three mighty princes ; namely, her majcfty, [and] the 
 kings »( Spain and Portugal; and if this voyage 
 (hould not have good fuccefi, we (hould not only be a 
 fcorning, or a rcpro.ichful fcoffing ftock unto our ene- 
 mies, but alfo a gteat blot to oUr whole country for 
 ever, and what triumph would it be to Spain andT*or 
 tugal, and again the like would never be attempted. 
 
 And now, rcftoring every man again to his fdrmcr 
 office, he ended, (hewing the company that he would 
 fatiiify every man or elfe nc would fell all that he had, 
 
 even unto his lilatc : For, quoth he, I have good 
 
 reafon to promifc, and am beft able to perform it ; for I 
 have fomewhat of mine own in England j and befides 
 that 1 have as much adventure in this voyage as three 
 of the bcft whatfoevcr j ami if it ht fo that I never eimi 
 hstae, yet will htr maje/ly fay even m.jn lis warn ; wbtm 
 inrlfcd .ou and I aini all cjme tj/eive ; and for to fay 
 you come to ferve mc, indeed I will not give you 
 thanks j fir it is only her majtfty that you fervt, and 
 this voyage is only her fitting forth. So willing 
 allmui to be friends, he willed them to depart about 
 their bufinefs. 
 
 The reader will cafily perceive that how fiibtly fo- 
 ever l^rake thought he had formed this fpeech (which 
 
 Vol. I. No. 3. 
 
 Tin n.iv htlotc tlicy «'ci);Iic<l anchor we find he came on 
 Jwaiil ilic Kli'/.abctli, antl Ivvoic il':ii lie would liang thirtv of 
 lin men, «n,l rtpcaiccl liU cli.iri;i: ajjai^il Worral, flill fccming 
 «o ictiin iliat relontnicnt >i;ainll pariicular porfuns which he had 
 ftromiitd to h^i'iQi from his brcjll. 
 
 t None of nut modern voyapir. lino lietn lefsthan jSilay?. 
 Ca|it.iJn,\Vallii w.i3 lour inonil\5 in lii. vo\agc throuch thcic 
 llrcijjlits. 
 
 might be well enough calculated to impofc on men 
 who were under his command, and hcinic fo far diC- 
 tant from their country, had no other dtpendaiicc than 
 on him for their future fortunes) jet it abounded with 
 inconfiftcncies, and feems to fiirnifti lufficicnt reafons 
 todoilbt the authority by which he ailed, at the fami; 
 time that it (licws his own doubts and fears about the 
 expedition in which he was engaged. 
 
 The number of the (hips beinc reduced to three, Drake 
 quitted* Port St. Julian, anil entered the ftreiiihtsof 
 Maghellan on the 20th of Aueuft, in the intricate 
 paftagc of which an illand was difcoveicd, to wliieh 
 the Knglifh gave the name of Elizabeth, in hnnmir 
 
 of their queen. They came on the 24th to an 
 
 ifland, where they killed 3000 penguins in one day. 
 
 At length they palled the Streighls, which for.i;:- 
 times feem entirely (hut up by capes and head-lands, 
 
 yet the (hips made good their pallagc. 
 
 " 'aghellan obfcrved many harbours here, hut re- 
 marked that ill moft of them no bottom was to bo 
 
 found, which however dOcs not fecm to appear to be 
 an accurate account ; the harbours being in [';cni ral 
 good, though the tides and blalts continually lulhinj; 
 in from various directions create the danger. The 
 land on bbth fides rifes into innumerable moun- 
 tains i the tops of them were encircled with clouds 
 and vapours, which, being congealed, fell down in 
 (now, and increafc their apparent height by hardening 
 into ice ) yet in the winter time, even at that feafou 
 which anfwcrs to our February, they found the val- 
 leys in fome places, green, fruitful and pleafant. 
 
 Anchoring in a bay near Cape Forward, Drake, 
 imagining the ftreight quite (hut up, went in his 
 boat to endeavour to find fomc other paflage out \ 
 and, and having found an inlet towards the north, 
 was returning to his (hips ; but curiofity occafioiud 
 him to ftop for the fake of obferving a canoe or boat 
 with feveral natives of the country in it. He could 
 not, atadiftance, help admiring the form of this little 
 vefl'el, which feemed inclining to a fcmicircle, the 
 ftcrn and prowftandingup, and the body finking in- 
 ward i but much greater was his wonder when upon 
 1 nearer infpe<5lion, he perceived it w.is made only 
 of the barks of trees, fewed together with thongs 
 or filaments of the feal (kin in fuch a manner, that 
 fcarcely any water entered the feams of that little vef- 
 fel. Hefound the people here well (ha|Kd, andpainted 
 like thofe who have been already dcfcrihed. On the 
 land they had a hut built with poles, and covered with 
 (kins, in which they had water veflels and other uten- 
 fils, made likewife with the barks of trees. Among 
 thefc people natural fagacity and unwearied induf- 
 try fupplied the want tif (uch manufaftures or na- 
 tural produdlions, as appear to us abfolutely ncccf- 
 fary for the fupporto&life. Though the inhabitants 
 were wholly ftrangers to iron and tnc ufe we make of 
 it, yet inftead o(^it, they fublfituted the (hell of a 
 mu/cle of prodigious fizc found upon their coafts. 
 This they ground upon a ftone to an edge that was 
 fo firm and folid, that neither wood nor ftoncwcri; 
 able to refift it } and with inftrumcnts made of (hells, 
 they were able to perform all their mechanical ope- 
 rations. 
 
 Thus Drake, though not at a favourable fcafon, parted 
 the Streights of Maghellan in the fpaceof \ 16 days, 
 and after he had furvevcd the country, having dirccbt J 
 his courfe N. VV. antl entered the great South Sea on 
 the 6th of September, intending to hold on his way 
 towards the Equinoctial line. 
 
 But the very next day* after having obferved an 
 eclipfe of the moon, the fleet was overtaJtcn with lb f 
 
 tcriiliL- 
 1^01 m tor a 
 
 violent a ftorm, that the X (hips were in a manner left n"J,™[, 
 
 I 
 
 to 
 
 JThe Marygold was feparatcd from the teftof the fleet, du- 
 ring the continuance of this florm un the 30th of Scpicmlier. 
 Haying entered a harlxjur on the 7ih ol OAobcr, they were once 
 more forced out to fca l>y a violent gull of winil, and Captain 
 Winter was fo much dllcourujcd, that regaining the Itiei^hci lit 
 made the bcR of hit v,av to Cnglasd, 
 S 
 
i(} 
 
 1 II b V O V A i; L .s OF 
 
 •57') 
 
 Macnc 
 
 Aml'iifh of 
 tl.clndi4ni. 
 
 A rich (li'p 
 Ukcn. 
 
 lo the meicy ol' ilic w'mJ*, wliich after beating 
 sSmit in great dilfrci's for abovi; .1 month, (Irnvt ihtni 
 iOO Icagiick out o( tlicir way, and thiy were fuiicJ at 
 lall iiitu 5; degrees of foutli latitiulL'. 
 
 Here thiy dilcovcrcd a number nf illaiid'>, an>lcan\r 
 to .111 anihiir clofe liy (Mie of thtni fur Ihi f.ilce of rc- 
 Irofliiiig thcinfelvcs, where they found good giirMK and 
 excclhnt water. Knirring another nay, tliey met 
 with foiue Indiana in their canues, eroding aUin^ niori' 
 with whom the Lnglifli held » trartir, exchanging for 
 fuch provilions as they Hood i n n<x'd of, thofu toy^and 
 bauMi'S tluy found molt \alucd by the nativct. 
 
 Another tempeft overtook them after their departure 
 from theic coalts, and drove ihcm to the very extre- 
 mity of ihc Somh-American coalt, where they faw for 
 the lirli time the conflux of the weltern and loullmn 
 oceans, and at length enjoyed the happinefs of a 
 fmooth fea, to w hich they had fo long been ftrangers. 
 
 Drake now held his courfo for the 30th degree of 
 foutli latitude, ftiering, at the end of Oe'tobcr, for the 
 ■endezvous appointed in cnlc of fcparatioii for his 
 little fleet, ha\ing met with certain iflands in his 
 way, where he fupplied hiinfelf with a great quantity 
 of fow..- . When he arrived at the diTircd latitude, he 
 touiul no fliips, nor any fafe port 1 he therefore pro 
 cetded till he came to Macao, where the Indians 
 makinj; a (hew of friendfhip, and prefenting the Kn;;- 
 lifliuiih twofheepand fomc fruits, and Ihewii.g tliem 
 a watering plan, the latter came the next day with 
 tiicir barrels ; when two of their company who were 
 feiit before werenuiii in their way by the natives, who 
 had alfo laid in ambufll behind the locks, from whence 
 they difcliarged fuch a Ihowcr of arrows into the 
 boat, as wounded every one of the crew. The com- 
 nunder himfclf received a dangerous hurt by an ar- 
 rou- entering under his eye, while the fituation of 
 the Engliih and the element itfelf fought fo ftronglv 
 agninll tliem, that not one of the Indians (ihou^jh 
 tlii^y came clofe to the boat) was killed or wounded 
 by their weapons*. 
 
 The fame afternoon they fet fail and came to an an- 
 ilur on the 30th of November in Philip's Bay, where 
 their boat's crew that had been feiit out upon difco* 
 very returned with ;;n Indian of a graceful ftature 
 andcomplacmt iK-haviour, whom tlicy had inade pri- 
 foncr in the courfc of their expedition : ufing him 
 well, and fetting him on Ihure again, he pcrluaded 
 thctiatives tocoine and traffic with the Knglilh, who 
 were thereby fervcd with wiiat the country aft'orded, 
 and afterwards accepted of this man as a pilot to con- 
 duct the fleet to the harbour, called by the Spaniards 
 Val I'ariiO, in lat 153° 40' S. near the town of St. Ja- 
 go, wlicro the adventurers were more plentifully fup- 
 plied with provifions and wines from the (lorehoufes, 
 and had befides the good fi>rtune to take a fliip which 
 had on board not only wines, but 6o,oco pezoes of 
 gold. They weie at firft taken for friends by the 
 Spaniards, and invited to caroul'e with them. But 
 when the millake was difeovercd, and the place 
 alarmed, thetownfmin fled, iiillead of endeavouring 
 to defeinl their property, which was left to the mercy 
 of Drake and his men, who found a large booty in 
 the ehaprl, and employed three days in fccuiiiig what 
 they had amafled. 
 
 IJavini; conveyed the Indian to the place from 
 whence tliey took him, after givJtiL' him a reward 
 for his t'ervices, inteiuling to put the u- (hi)i into fomc 
 plaieof lafcty where they might build a pinnace for 
 
 Tlic illind wa< proplej liv Imlian'e who hail flcil from tlic 
 Sp.iiuth conituertirs ot the cuniinent ot America. They fccnieU 
 Id linve milukcn Drake and Un crew t'nr S[uiiiartlk, on wiioni 
 li.tA c(iiilt»|Ui;ntlv i'BticavouicI to rev(ni;c»)iil in-virics. 
 
 t Here Drake inviteil ttic Spaniards' 10 traffcU with him, 
 wliidiihcy ai->.'ep:cd; anJlupplied him with neccllarict, fcllini; 
 til him, amoni; othei pru^il'ions, fomc id their (hccp, whuie 
 li.ilk aini'itl ci|u:il1ed tlat iit a cow, and whofc Iticnnli wi> 
 li'.cti, titat one ut tlteni could carrv three tall men on his hack i 
 thuir necks heiri}r like a c-amcT'-, hut their heads hkc thole ot 
 1 uv (hccp- TliL). wercilic nioil ufet'til animaK ul this country, 
 not unly uiiorOirj; ixcelUn' IImsl-; are vvliolcluiiir ficl!i,hut let*'- 
 
 • 
 
 the convciiiiiiceoi runnin;; up creek* and h.irbours 1 
 for this piirpole they failed iuto the bay ne.ir Coquim- 
 bo on the I7ih of Dccimber. The town was iiilia- 
 bitiil by Spaniards, a hundred of whom came out 
 againlt ilieiii on horfeback. DrakJ's men prudently 
 re tired, one oidy excepted, who oblliintely jierfilKJ 
 in reiiiaii.iii^ on' (hore, and biing flaiii by the Spa- 
 niards, after a (lout rtfiftance, lliey urdeied loiiiu of 
 the liidi.iiis who attended them to the amount of 
 2CC, to be hi ad and tear the heart out of his body in 
 light of the Kiij^'lilh, \i ho prefeiitly quitted tilisplaci- 
 in learch of a nute leciiie harbour. 
 
 Havin;; found a b.iy, where they built llieir pinnace, 
 Drake Went lu feek iiis cumpa)ii(>ns, but returned ia 
 two days ; the v, ind proving contrary. Landing af- 
 terwards at a port called S.ircipaxa, and having found 
 aSpaniaid aflwp witli b.irs of (ilver lyin;; by him, to 
 the amount of 4,cco Spanirti duckets, they rook aw:iy 
 the trcafure, leaving the guardian of it to hii reiiofe. 
 The'i next exploit on this coall WHi taking the bur- 
 dens from the backs of eight Peruvian fhecp, (driven 
 by a Spaniard] which loads were of filvcr, each of 
 thefe animals carrying loolb. weight of that metal 
 in leathern bags arroi-, his back. 'I'hey found loinc 
 Indian towiit iarther on, the natives ot which vilited 
 them palling the watry element fitting on two fcal- 
 fkins blown up with wind, which they manai;ed very 
 dextroufly. I'licfc people trafficked with them for 
 glafs and toys in the ufual maiiiier of thofe coun- 
 tries f. On the aoth of January tluy 1 r rived at Mor- 
 morcna, from which place contin'iiiiir their courlS 
 northward, on the 7th of the next month they cnine 
 to Arica, which is fituatein latitude H° 36' fouth la- 
 titudc|. Here they found three rmall vcflbls, on 
 board of which there were 57 flabu of f.lvcr, about 
 the fi7.c of a brick, and nearly of the fame form, 
 weighing near 2olb. each. The crews of the vef- 
 fels being all on (hore, the F.iii;lifli met with nn rc- 
 nitance, but made ..n c.ify prize of the tiialiire. Drake 
 did not think fit to attacK the town, jutl^in^; his num- 
 bers not fufficicnt for the entcipnze; he therefore 
 failed to Chuli, af;<;r having ftopj ed a coaUin"; vcf- 
 fel, whofe ladin • -nififtcd of linen and cloath>, out 
 of which he took >'ucl<. aiticles as his men mofl winted, 
 and then fufFercd the Spaniards to proceed on their 
 voyage. 
 
 From Arica an cxprefs had been fent with iiifoi-o 
 mation of his being on the coaf}, which arriving two 
 hours before he could reach the port, the maAer of a 
 fhip that had 300,000 pezoes of filver in ba'rs on 
 board, had thrown it into the fen, as they were in- 
 formed by .in Indian that was left alone in the vefl'cl, 
 the reft of the crew being gone on fliorc for fccurity. 
 Drake hearing thefe tidings departed immediately for 
 Lima, where he arrived on the 15th of February. 
 He found a number of Spanifh (hips§ in the har- 
 bour, but met with no reliftance from them, and had 
 a good booty there, taking from one vefl'el a chcll 
 full of rials of plate; and lilk, and linen cloaths, to 
 a confiderablc amount frotn other (hips ; the furprile 
 the Spaniards were in, and the reputation of this ex- 
 traordinary adventurer not fuflering them to aifl as they 
 might have done for their own etefencc, the coufc- 
 quenccof which might have been Drake's deflrui£lion. 
 But he refted, not here ; having being informed that 
 the rich (hip called the Cactfuego had failed three 
 days before for Paita, he rcfolved to go in purfuit of 
 heri but finding afterwards that, inllead of Paita, (he 
 
 was 
 
 ingas carritn over roc!:^ and mountains, where no other lieall 
 can travel 1 their tcet heini; of a panicular form, cnaUlinft thtm 
 to tread tiim on the llccpeU and moA flipjiery places. On ihi» 
 coall, it is (aiit^ tlie mountain*; u-cre fu impregnated with filvcr, 
 tliat Irnmone Imndrcil weight of comtnon earth, fire ounces at 
 line lilver ini^ht Ik fcparated. 
 
 Z At this port the Spaniaidi ufcd to land iheir mcrchandife, 
 and to cml>..ik the filver which was carried fium thcnceco Ha- 
 naina, but alter Drake's iocurlion they iliercd Ihcir plan, cu* 
 ryinj it over land to Lima. 
 
 ' \ Some writers fav they were fo fail, others mention but li| 
 however thi'ic were fsir.elhips at farce aniang ilicin, 
 
 i • ", ■■"■■) 
 
SIR FRANCIS DRAkt. 
 
 WM gone for Panama, he altered hit coiirfc accord- 
 ingly, promifing that the fi'" man who tf|iic<l her 
 
 »iiic>l 
 arch 
 
 nioulil have Ills goM chain, vHich rcw.ir.l wasua 
 by hit brother John. It was on ihc ill day of M 
 that they came ui» with this vcllll, and atttr a IliKhr 
 rcfirtancf took her, when they found her fo riclily 
 laden that it w:is the 6th day before they could brinu; 
 ■way the trt.ifure with which ftic was frcmhicd, 
 She had on board a quantity of jewels, l { chcds ot 
 
 . .> I ' Li. ^£ ....I.I •••■il im>friii(iyi t 
 
 cd 
 
 tells u» that news wa» brought of Drake's beinj; upon 
 thecoafti the governor having before aflcmbltd the 
 force of the country to oppofc him if ncccflaTy, find- 
 ing he made (ail and i»ood out of the harbour, ordered 
 three (hip* with fix piece* of cannon on ooard, and 
 aco men to be aot ready to po in purfuit of him j but 
 the time neccflary for couipping; thefe velTeU, gave 
 Drake the advinuee of clcaping them, and he 
 came up with the Cacafucgo, offCapc Francifco. 
 Juan dc Anton, the captain, feeing a (hip coming 
 towards him, with all her fails let, thought ftn 
 might be fcnt with fomc mcflage to him from the 
 viccToy, and lay to, in order to receive her. He did not 
 perceive his miftake till too late, when his attempt to 
 efcape proved vain, Drake pouring in the fhot from 
 his great ordnance faft upon him, which as he could 
 not anfwer in the fame way, he was obliged to ftrike.f 
 
 Thecomm.inderhavingdifmilTedthcSpaniards, flood 
 olF again to fca, and ftiaped his courfe to the wcftward \ 
 while three Spanifh fliips which were fcnt in qucft of 
 him by the viceroy of Peru, having been too late to 
 come up with him, failed with a view to intercept him 
 at the ftreights of Maghcllan. In the mean time this 
 fortunate iidr.iiral, in his way, fell in with a vef- 
 fel from the Eaft Iniies, whofc lading confiftcd of 
 china ware, filks, and cottons. The owner being on 
 board, mtde him a prefent of a falcon wrought in folid 
 gpld, with an emerald of aa extraordinary fize fct in 
 the breaft, and this) together with a gold cup that he 
 received from the uilot, proved a ranfom for the veiTol, 
 which was accordmgly difmlAed by the captors. % 
 
 Finding a convenient harbour in a little ifland 
 which they made on the 13th of March, the Englifli 
 put in there, anchoring in five fathom water. On 
 the 20th of the fame month, their pinnace found a 
 fmall coailiiig veflcl that was pafling by. Thev took 
 out of her a quantity of farfaparillo, butter, and other 
 gowls I in the room of which Drake put on board her 
 the gold and filvcr from his own (hip, which he 
 wanted to heave, and refit for fca. This employed 
 his people till the 26th, when they took in the loading 
 again, and having taken in wood and water, they, 
 together with the little Spanifh frigate, put to lea 
 again. They gave chace to a fhip on the evening of 
 the 6th of April, above two leagues from the main 
 land, and hoarded her the next day before the crew 
 were up. They took great quantities of bale goods 
 from this vcflel ; and among the perfons found one 
 called Don Francifco Xarate, who had intended to fail 
 
 ic 
 A 
 
 |i wa-i 
 , whi> 
 • i^tli 
 (J (hill 
 
 .lie 
 
 AlulUH 
 
 HI but 111 
 
 * I-opez de Var.. 
 
 t " Tliere was in this fiilp (fays the Spaniard In Ills account) 
 S^OtOOO uczoct of lilver, and 40,000 pczocs of gold, all which 
 filvcr anti ^oUI was cuOomed \ but what treafurc they had un- 
 cullomcdi I know not ; for many times ihey cairy almoli as 
 much more as ihcy pay cuftom for 1 oiherwifc the King would 
 take it from them if they Ihould \yt known to have any great fum. 
 Wlicrcfbre crtry (hip carries a bill of cuflom that the king may 
 fee it. All tht treafures which Drake took was merchants 
 and other mens nxKis, faving lEoiOao pczoes of the king's, 
 lie had alfu out oTthis fliip good (lore of vinualsi and other 
 nccciraiics which were to he carried from Panama, and w*i live 
 days in taking out fuch things as they needed. 
 
 •' This done, he failed to the coali of New S|Ain, without 
 going 10 1'anama. 1'hc fliips that were fent by the viceroy of 
 Peru from Lima, ariiveil nlf Cape Francifco 10 days after 
 Drake had taken the Cacafucgo, and had intelligence by a 
 fliip coming from Panama, that he had taken a fliip with 
 Alvci and \\k not gona to PaaasKi whereupon the commander 
 
 rpire 
 
 for Panama, an. i from ilicncc to .1\>:,.:, Uiiv^ I't.K^td n;() 
 
 with lettira troiii the Cniin ftf !i,.>m lu U>o 
 
 of the Phillippint!-, as iiUo a at ul ( .1 ch. ■' 
 
 voyage, which became viry ulWiil to (In -11 
 
 Spanilh pilot, wlioin they tuok hoin thi 
 
 likewil'e kept to diicit thtin into ((Uiic UW \ 
 
 accordingly brought them to Aii(;iiat\ilco on 
 
 of April, where tlicy rem, mud till tli • jfjlh, 
 
 proceeded tu fea, having dilmilR-d their Sp.iiulti pilot, 
 
 and likewil'e Nuno da S)lv.i, whom they h^ul brought 
 
 from the Canaries. § 
 
 When they landed at Angu^tulco, the admiral Surptift 
 marched his men immediately up to the town where Si.,Tiiini 
 the chief m.igillrate was then fitting in jud^nuiu on >"^'i; 
 fome Indians who wereaccufed of having eiiteied into 
 a confpir.iiy to fct fire to the place. Thefe wretches 
 had douhlkfs been fentenccJ to death, but for the ar- 
 rival of the Englilh, whu made the judges and crimi- 
 nals alike their prifoners, and conduced them in 
 proccflion to their commander's (hip. ^Vhen they 
 were come on board, the juil^c was obliyil to write 
 an order to the commander to deliver up the town, 
 where the conquerors found no fmall trcalure.** 
 
 Having futeecded thus far, thele lucky .idventurcrs Thev p' 
 confidcring that Fortune is often licklr, and bciin; f"f '' ••' 
 equally fcatful of lofing, as they were defirous of"^"" 
 enjoying, what through Co many perils and dangers 
 they had .icquired, began fcrioufly to think of re- 
 turning, while their commander reprefented the nc- 
 ceflity of firft finding out fomc harbour wherein they 
 might refit, and alfo urged the great convenience as 
 well as honour which would accrue if they could find 
 out fome fhortcr pafiiige from one fea to the other, a 
 matter, which he then faw no reafon to deem imprac- 
 ticable. 
 
 They accordingly failed into a port in the Ide of 
 Canes, when there they took in wood and water and 
 prepared for the voyage, intending if polTible to dif- 
 cover a north-we(t palTagc, but coming to lat. 
 4.3° the cold proved fo intolerable to them who h.-i(i 
 to long been cruifing in the warm climates, that they 
 were obliged to lay afidc their project and change 
 their courlc. 
 
 Not difcouraged by this difappointment, Drake 
 refolved to put in execution the plan which he had be- 
 fore laid down in cafe of the failure of his firfl fchemc \ 
 which was to ftcer for the Moluccas, and return by 
 way of the Cape of Good Hope into the Atlantic 
 Ocean. In purfuancc of this defign they fpread their 
 fails to the northern wind';, and (leering fouthward 
 had arrived in 38" 30'' north lat. when they dilcoxered 
 a commodious harbour, in which they anchored on 
 the 17th of June. 
 
 The next day a man in a canoe approached the 
 (hipping, who (ecnied to make a fort of oration in his 
 language. He repeated his vifits a fecond and a third 
 time, and at the end of his laft fpecch gave them a 
 crown of black feathers and a balkct filled with a foit 
 of herb, that he threw into the boat, and in ex- 
 change for which he was not willing to receive any 
 thing. 
 
 It was not, however till three days after wartts that 
 
 the 
 
 of the three (hips thinking that Captain Drake had l«en gone 
 for the flreights of Maghcllan, diredlcd his courfe that way to 
 feek him." 
 
 X Drake, however, knowing China porcelain to be a fcarce 
 coinmuility at timt time in Europe, took four chells of that 
 ware out of her, before he futtcrcil her to depart. 
 
 II They alfo took a young negro gii I, whom either the com- 
 mander or I'nme ol his crew got with child, and afterwards 
 cruelly defcrtcd her. 
 
 i In return for his fervices he was landed on the continenr, 
 and confequentlv Kft to the mercy of the Spaniards, who car- 
 rying him to Mexico, put him to the torture, 10 force hini \.o 
 make difcnvcries. Then he was lent to Spain, where, having 
 told all that he knew, he » as ill fcliarged and fcnt home in fafet^ 
 
 "* They are faid to have found there a great pot full of 
 plate •* as big as a bulhcl," fome Jewell, and a gold chain, 
 the latter uf which was taken from a gentleman who was in- 
 tercepted while he was endeavouring to make his cfcapc from 
 the town. 
 

 » . 
 
 li 
 
 THE VOYAOES OF 
 
 •t 
 
 I'l 
 
 I57() . the csmnunJtr rli^iri.' t<> brln,; hi* flii|i«, wliith llix^l 
 — » — '^ ill m\J of ri'paird, il<»(e to thi^ friiiiilly iojII. I.iind- 
 iiiB, ill orJir In ukv out the lading, the Kiulllh yrt 
 duliiom of the (liiccrity of the iuti\rs, fiiifor.! fnrtl- 
 hcaliuii olcn th, Sliced with pjlifjiliKi, a work which 
 the Indians, wliillt it W4s g'liim iwi, furvcyrd with 
 admiration. The adniirut, it Uiigth, rniivincrd of 
 their lincerity, having prevailed on thini to lay aflile 
 their howi and jrrow*, pnl'entcd them wiih linen 
 :.iul foine other nccell'iry artiilci, which were imived 
 liv them with equal dcnu>ii(lratioili of wonder and 
 reWl. 
 iitTniliain I'hey returned two dayt arierwirdu, their numf>er> 
 
 imi.iur >iul being |',really iiicreafed, (lopping on the tun of a nrigh- 
 iciiiuniv.. bourinp; hi!l, and hy their voicej and geflure^ draw- 
 ing the attenliii'i of the Kngtifh, who ronnived by 
 their manners at the fiift meeting, and the liMid noifeii 
 they afterwards made, that they were inclined tft pay 
 thein ,\ fort of worlhip .ucnrding tothe cullom of their 
 counti) . Drake and hi> follower* were confirmed in 
 this opinion, hy a lon^ oration that one ut the In- 
 (4ian» now made, all of them bowing their budiei, at 
 the md of it ar.d repeatifi'.; the woriffM as r\preflive 
 vf their appn.batidn. I'lun they laid afide their 
 bowv, and the nn n coming down toward* the tents 
 thus imarmed, were kindly reccitcd hy the Knglilh 
 commander ; while the women, who furveycd what 
 palled at a difKiiice, began to tear thcmfelves with 
 fhcir nail«, and throw themfclves on the groMnd, in 
 token of reverence to the llrangcr*. Soon after came 
 two amb.ill'adors from the llioh or king, who demand- 
 ing certain tokens of peace, which requcft beiiiggrant- 
 ed, the king hinifelf paid a vifit to the fettlement. A 
 perffin preceded him hearing a kind of fcepfrc of 
 black wood, orMamrnted with chains made of horn 
 or bone, which thry iife as tokens of diliinAion, 
 The monarch himlcli came next. His apparel was a 
 coat made of fkin*, and on his head he wore a crown 
 of feathers cirioiilly interwoven. He had a hundred 
 tall mm for a ^uard. His attendants who followed 
 him wore a drefs fomcwhat rcfembling his own, and 
 the common people l>rouj;ht roots ana fifh in baflceti, 
 which were contrived fo as to Ik capable of holding 
 water. Though the proceflion had every appearance 
 tif peace, and the nntiies, notwithlKmding they were 
 flout men, h.id no v.capons adequate for defending 
 thtmfclvts or aflaultinj; others, their bows being too 
 weak to he properly confidcred as warlike implements, 
 yet Drake took the precaution of drawing up hit men 
 in order, while they approached, and when they Hop- 
 ped, the fccptre bearer began a fort of fong and dance, 
 the men accompanying him. But the wom^^ were 
 obferved to dance only, without joining in the fonc. 
 In the me.Tii tiiin- e\ c-y look and gtllurc fo fully 
 •lenoted their |ieaccab!e ilcfign', that the En^lilh ad- 
 mitted them into thiir camp, and after a repetition 
 jif their dance and fon^, another fpcech was made, 
 the purport of which was the defire the king had ^f 
 conferring his kin,c;dom on Drake, who was accord- 
 ingly crowned, h.i(l th'.- title of Hioh given him, and 
 was invtiled with all the inlignia of roy.^lty that were 
 lur lilt lutcii. u("j.j fn the invelliture of fovereign princes in that 
 country. He bavin;; gone through thife ceiemo- 
 iiies, took pofll'llion of tlu- |>litcc for queen Eli/iilielh, 
 and then the common ptople retiring, tore their flefli 
 as before, i.i token of refp.cl, a ceremony which they 
 repeated till atlaft they weic given to und: rftand that it 
 was highly difagrceable to theirguells; at the fame time 
 that bv proper application* thry cured the wot luls bv 
 iviiieh thel'c poor creature? tellificd their love arid 
 iub.nufiion When tlufe ceremonies were laid afide. 
 
 Prakc take-. 
 iio!!i.llii)n ot 
 K-.*v Alliior 
 
 ' Tltcfi: aic (lLU'ril)e<i i\ liavin^ l>agi under their c^i^t wkich 
 ffTve 'licni t.>ciriv tun! lotluir jouni', wkU rats tails ami paw^ 
 like tl'Oft: ot a llintc. 
 
 + Tliev J' lull broviiilit fruits «nil otlicr iliini;s of fmall value, 
 .inif U'VTC contented uirh a rrrular cxch.in{rc i hut afterwards 
 tliiakiMK lli^luly of die t>rce ofilie En^lilh, a numhcrof men in 
 i^iiiiswere lint, wlm iadilcntly took wliaicvenhey could lay 
 ;li' ii lisndN on, witltou: ^'Jvlr.^ any tiling iu excliango. Ic fol< 
 I'j'.vcd, il.at at laltUiry were uciiccd to keep a>var,un which lh:y 
 
 they Hill continued tlu fe vifiH, whil>' Drak,' attJ 
 lonie of his men, in r. turn, went up the countiy, 
 which they f luiid fertile enough by nature at fomv 
 dillance fioni th. lea (hole, and lull of lat.'e deer, aiiit 
 rein.irk.tble (or a partieiilai fort of conies*. 'I'll!- Kn 
 kjlilh found the houfes of the native like liime already 
 tlelciihed to Ik- nothing but holes ilii;r to a con\rnient 
 depth, with ralters meeting fo as to foim the roof at 
 the top. I hr hrt was made in the middle tif each 
 houfe, witbtuit a chiiimey, the (iiKjke Iwin;; fuirered 
 to illue out at the ihior. Kulhei feived thefe Hmplu 
 [leoplc inlkiid nl beds I the womiii wore nothing 
 but each a pettimat ot biilriilhes, and the men in ge- 
 neral went quite naked. 'i'lii,y Icemid ij'norant ol the 
 uliful arts of life, they took lilh, but wanti-d not the 
 alTillancc of net*, being (o dextfoiis as to catih tlu in 
 in their hands whenever they fwam near the (hore. 
 
 'I'houuh it doe- not appear that the podillion of thif 
 land, which was ufeful onlv to Drake by furni(hiii); 
 hiinwith pr(U ilions andartlling plaac,rouldbe of any 
 ureat ufc to his tountrv, ut he (cems to have valutif 
 nimfelf upon the acquilition, and before hi* departure, 
 caufed fho.iccouiit ot the refignationof it lobeciiL'raveiv 
 on a brafs pl.ite, and fined up by way of memorial. 
 The inhabitants greatly lamenttd the lols of thefc 
 their guells, kept them as long as polTible in their 
 fight Irom the liiHs, and afti r they fet liiil, lighteii 
 upfires an if intendeil for faerilices, which the Kiiglilh 
 condrued as the loiV token of rcl'pe^f they thoughc 
 they could (hew to fucli wife and beautiful (Irangers, 
 who bad deigned to honour them with their prefeiice. 
 Vanity might poflibly have a (hare in (onic of thefo 
 conclufions ; however, when it is conlidercd with what ' 
 
 eft'.'cm next to veneration the Spaniards were at firft 
 received by the Americans, wc may well credit, \ii */ 
 erneral, the account given of the reception of the 
 r'.nglifli in this hofpitable couiitty, to which the 
 conimandcr gave the name of New Albion, from tho 
 white clifFs that furruunded it. 
 
 They quitted this harbour on the 23d of July, ajiit 
 after having touched at fume neighbouring illands, it 
 was refolved in a general confukution to fail for the 
 Moluccas, whither they dire^ed their courfe on the Sails for tl.« 
 aSth of the fame month, (leering welkily, without M"'""*- 
 coming in fight of land, till they difcovered fome 
 illands on the 30th of September in ::o' north lat. from 
 whence the inhabitants at (iril came to- them peace- 
 ably toexchange provifions for Kuropcan commodities, 
 but at length growing infolent, Drake thought proper 
 to give tliem an idea of his |>ower by his ordnance, 
 which, without hurting them, had the defired cfFedl 
 of preventing firrther infolcnce from the untutored 
 fa\'ages. f 
 
 It \ns on the 3d of November that our adventurers 
 arricxd at the Moluccas, intending to touch at Teri- 
 dore or Tidore : as they coalfed along the ifland of 
 Mutua, the vicTroy of the king of Ternatc paid them 
 a viflt recommending to them to make application to 
 his ma(KT for fupplies, and not to the king of Por- 
 tugal, who W.1S at cmriity W'th him. The command- 
 er was accordingly prevailed on, and anchored on 
 the 5fh before Tcrnate. Three large barges with the 
 viceroy and feveral of the principal nubility came out 
 to condui^l the veflel falc into harliour. The king 
 likeuife, having been prefented with a velvet cloak in 
 fign ui amity, afterwards caiiit- in gieat Date, and was 
 received under the dilcliarge of the caiiiiuii, the mufic 
 Itrikini; up as he approached.! 
 
 This prince had guards who undcrftood the ufe of 
 fire-arms, though javilin.s, and bows und Arrows Were 
 their principal weapons. He is dclcribcd us a perfun 
 
 ot" 
 
 liepaa linfliliiifs with a llinwcr of (lones 1 hut Drake In thil 
 iiil'.ir,LL Oicwcil Itis miiileration. hy l^rin^ liis (;rcat runswithoi.c 
 hurting them, hut the lounil of which fu ..ttri^htcd ihcm. that 
 iuii<p;ni2 i:i;n ihe tvater. they hid tlicmlcltci under iheir canoe I, 
 lor tear of thric icriible ingincs, which iudccd, might havt 
 Iwcn iife<l for ihcir dellruflion. 
 
 t He svii fo svdl falisticd wiili lliis inaik of tcfpcA, that l>« 
 invited till pcrtoiiticn on beaiil hii own ba[^c, in token st \<a 
 •pfio! I'i'Hi. 
 
fcTR FRANCIS O k A K ¥.. 
 
 *i 
 
 ttf il mijtftic mien ind ((rarcriil »(\)t(\, — Thnfc iliat 
 Rttcrulcil him were drrllrij in cottnn* <ir calliciic'i hiiiI 
 (nmis (>r thciii wen- of a vcikmIiIc Jk'.cil ii|)|M.'auiic( , 
 He wiihilrcw when the Ihip liiiiic (o uii anchor, hav- 
 ing );ivcn hJH luhjiitti leave tiilriillic with the KranKern, 
 iinil pruiiiirckl tu reliirn Milhiii the (\>»co of two 
 
 Drake havinu fcnt fume nenlUmen on ftiore, thi'y 
 Itftiipilon ulwcreconduiUd tolhcialJIe I, and being introdiucd 
 htiugitwl at court, fniiiul there near looo people. On raih 
 !•'•■ ficlv ut the outward gate there wailed four old intir- 
 
 pii til •. il other couiilriet. Atnonu the lourtieni were 
 to ;>ii I'dunfellorii. When hi:, niajcllv apfwared on 
 ihu iblic occafion he Wan drefl in tloih of gold, 
 ■ml h I lil« hair woven into yolden riimlitB i he had 
 diamond rinanon his linger*, and a nofd chain rouml 
 hi* neck. Near hit chair there wat a pa^c with a fan 
 fit with (apphires, which wasiil'eful in nuHlerating the 
 heat of the weather, and he fat under a rich canopy, 
 where he received the Knglilh in (fate, and with niarki 
 uf honour and rcfpciit (. 
 
 On the 9th of Nov. the Knglilh quitted this liar- 
 liour after having ftiipped hctwun four and five torn 
 «if clovet, and (ailing I'outhward, put in at an iinin- 
 h.ibiled in.ind which wrh picafant, woody, and full of 
 a kind of Diet, which flionc by niulit like fire. Here 
 they put in to refit their fllip» whicli had become leaky 
 nnuleul, and landing, (laycd (wenty-fix dayst there 
 to rcfrefli themlclvcs, where they found fruits of an ex- 
 cellent flavour, and a remarkable large fori of tor- 
 toifes. 
 
 When the Endifh took the Mul.itto girl on board 
 the Spnnifll vellcl, as has been already mentioned, 
 they alfo tcH)k a Negro lad, and it was on this iHand 
 that they rcfolvcd to fet them both on (hore toi;etlier, 
 the girl not yet fifteen, being near the time of her de- 
 livery. I'u tfftti this cruel purpul'e, they found 
 means to fend both of them a great way up the coun- 
 try, and while they were far enough on, weighed an- 
 chor, and left the harbour on >hc nth of December, 
 abandoning them to their fortune, and they were ne- 
 ver heard of more. 
 
 In tlieircourfe they fell in with a number of iflands, 
 from which juft when they thouj,lit themfelvts difeii- 
 ftilkejupoii .tangled, ihcyftruck on a conreaVd rock in the night 
 tvck. o( the i()th of January. 'I'hc fliock was fo much the 
 
 greater as the accident was unexpected. Wlun the 
 crew (xirceived tlieir fituation murmurs began toarife 
 ilmong them, and their commander cl'cnpcd not fomc 
 fcvcre reproaches. Fletcher the chaplain in particular 
 accufcd him, intimating that the men were likely to 
 fuffer for the crimes of their captain, an ohfervation 
 which fevcrcly hurt the latter-, but he well knew this 
 was no time to t.ike up the matter, and therefore bore 
 what in other circumftances wouhl have called forth 
 his refeiumcnt. As matters were now fituated he ra- 
 ther drove to reconcile differences than to augment 
 them, at the fame time that he tried all means which 
 
 frudencc could fuggeft to furmount this difficulty, 
 n the firft place, as the vefl'el had not bulged on tfie 
 rock, he lightncd her by caiifing the guns and water- 
 rafks to be thrown overboard, and having recourfe to 
 the pump, found the water did not gain upon them. 
 After this, he would have tried to bring her to with 
 an anchor, hut could find no place proper tu fix one. 
 Vol. I. No. 4. 
 
 Tlie lliip 
 
 * HottTier he iliil not krep liis woril, liut fcnt his brother 
 wiih an vxcuTc, He alio inviieil the cummiiidcr on llioie pro- 
 I'l.rm)! to (lay ii an holla);c i hut Drake not chuHngio go, fcnt 
 iJihiTt along with the king'i brother, and kept the viceroy ai 
 a plci'Kc for llicir fafctv. 
 
 t Thii for. '. which diil not appear to be of great llrength, 
 w«i former! ■ rcftti! hy the Portuguefc, who fcttlin(( there 
 alter murile ,ig the klnr. lad tnifcariicJ in their defign of 
 hiin);ine the iflanil under faljcAian. 
 
 X A t'hincfc gentlemen who reported hiinfelf to b« defccnd- 
 eJ Iron) the imperial rair, lainc on board Drake's vclTcl while 
 they remained at Tcrntte. He faid, that having been accufcd 
 of fomc capital crime in UU own country, not lieing able n> 
 clear himfelf by evidence, he wa> fcniencVd to ao <:»ile, the 
 term of which wat to be catciMleil till he cuuM reiurit with fo'nc 
 intelligence that might Iw honourable or idrantagcoui to the 
 •nipira, After an abfcccc cf three ytari, thi fami of T/nkc 
 
 is the reuk fnfe per|>cndiciilar, and flof)d .ilrt(\f in the I 580 
 fiM. I Ilia dilcoviiy however hi' was at iin I111.1II pains s ■ , < 
 to coniiali but .it Imglli lia\ iiii^ Ihth llmk fall lot 
 labours, he began with thi: till, to lulc all liojies 6f 
 deliverance 1 on which accoimi he gave his en w an . 
 exhiiitation to forgive ill injiiius ami prepare tliim- 
 lilves lor lite worit evriil. Wliile they were in this 
 lituation, Klctcher adniiniltcred the Sai ramciit to 
 thiiii .ill, and this confirmed thin recom iliation. 
 
 Hill wluneveiy one had gin imp ihc ho| of elcapini 
 from this |R'rilous fituation, the wind fuiUiiily I hantjed, 
 and hlowinj brilkly from a difl'ereiit i|iiaitir heaved 
 the (hip oH the tuck, without doing hir any coiifi- 
 derahle damage, 
 
 Tliiis ulieved, they proceeded (lowly and cautiouny,T|,,y. ,n„,j ,g 
 fill llnv reaihiil the ill.ind of llaratiiie <|, whcie they ii^rimi*, 
 repaired their mIRK, and fotiiid the country fertile 
 ami poUilled hy haiidliinic people. 
 
 iJepaiting from thence they prtceeded to the idcof 
 Jav.i, where they wi re well received by the king, 
 who entertained Diake on (llore, nd y.wc him li- 
 berty to get what provifions they lloiul in need of, 
 hiinlilf coining on hoard to furviy the (hip, which 
 was victualled there ) and had her bottom payed, to 
 fit her lor the voy.ige, after which the admiral departed, 
 and was much mortified to find his coiiipany infilled 
 on his immed.ate return home, while he entertained 
 defignsof a dili'erent nature. 
 
 It was now that he thought proper tnftiew hisrefent- 
 ment againll the chaplain : under pretenci' ol his I'pi- 
 riting up the people to oppofe him, he caufid him tu 
 Ik m.ide fall by one of his legs with a chain, and a 
 Itaple knocked fait into the hatches, in the forecadic 
 of the (hip. He called all the company together, and 
 then put a lock about one of his legs ; and Drake, 
 fitting crols-legged on a che((, and a pair of pantoflcs 
 in his hand, belaid, '• Francis Fletcher, I do here ex- 
 communicate thee out of the church of God, and 
 from all the benefits and graces thereof, and, I re- 
 nounce thee to the devil and all his angels /' and then 
 he charged him, upon pain of death, not once to come 
 befttre the mad ; for it he did, he fwore he (hould be 
 hanged, and Drike caufed a fisfiy to be written and 
 bound about Fl. ichor's .irm, with charge, that if ho 
 took it ofT, he (hould then be hanged ) the pofcy was, 
 " Framii Flitchtr, tin fiilftfl knavt that livtth." 
 
 The commander, however, was obliued to com- 
 ply with the dcfires of his people, and fleering for''''"P*''l''* 
 the Cape of Good Hope, doubled it on the 15th of ;;^,^^^ '""""» 
 June, pafl'ed the line on the 12th of July, and arrived 
 at Sierra Lcona on the aid, without experiencing 
 thofe great dangers which were generally luppofcd to 
 attend the navigation, and which the I'ortugucfa 
 thought it their interell to ex.iggerate. After two 
 days (lay at Sierra Lcona, they once more fpread their 
 fails to favouring ijales, the perils and difficulties of 
 their undertakinc being end-.d, and after a profperous 
 voyage fell in witli the ifland of Ferrara on the i ith of 
 Septemlwr, and then proceeded for P^ngland in adi- 
 redl courfe, all being impatient once more to behold 
 their native country. 
 
 They entered Plymouth harbour on the 3d day of 
 
 Noveinlwr, 1580, Drake having brought home an 
 
 immenfe treafure, as well as gratified his own private . 
 
 pique, and his miflrcfs's rcfentmcnt againll the Spa- 
 
 K niards. 
 
 had brought him from Tidorc, in order to convrrfe with one 
 wUo had vifitcd fu many countiics. The Englill. coiiimanilir 
 ordered one of the company to recite twice over tbofe occur- 
 rencei which were moll remarkable in the couile of his vovaKe, 
 and the exile thanking Heaven that he had met with fo iTiuch 
 information, dtnatted well faiisfied, in order to return to 
 China, whithci he drove in vain to perfutde Drake to tccom. 
 pany him. 
 
 S The illand was governed by a number of raias fuhjcA to 
 one principal king, three of thefe having come on lioard toge- 
 ther, by their favourable repon, induced the monarch himfcU 
 afterward, to honour the ilrangert with his (.rcfcnce. Vhcy 
 found die Javnnt to lie at once a warlike, fociallc, haispy peo- 
 ple, not at all ijlven to that prcttykind of thieving fo common 
 among the Indians inthofe parts 1 hr.pnyimeng tKtmfclrn.an* 
 rcmwkitdy Iwfpltabk ic Arangcii. 
 
THE VOYAGES O I 
 
 1585 nlardS) who were highly fcnfible of. the affront) and 
 * w '<> waited but an opportunity to revenge the injury. 
 
 In token of her hearty approbation, on the 4th of 
 April, in the following year, her majefty coming to 
 D„l„ dine on board Drake's fliip, royally attended, after 
 
 km 'lueJ. dinner conferred on the commander the honour of 
 knighthood in reward of his ferviccs ; though there 
 Were not wanting thofe that thought the breach with 
 Spain, which would naturally follow the depredations 
 that this adventurer had made on their Indian territo- 
 ries in the new world, would counterbalance all the 
 wealth that had been acquired by this fuccefsful pi- 
 racy. The Spanifh writer already quoted (Lopez 
 Vai by name) fays, " That Drake carried from the 
 coaft of Peru, 806,000 pezos of filvcr, equal to 866 
 quintals,cqual to loolb. weight each quintal, amount- 
 ing to 1,139,200 ducats. He alio carried away 
 100,000 pezocs of gold, equal to ten quintals, each 
 quintal valued at 1500 Spanifh ducats; and all this 
 btlidcs the treafure in the fhip, which was not en- 
 tered, confiding of gold, tilvcr, pearl, precious ftoncs, 
 coined money, ana other thinj^s of great value ; he 
 alfo rifled the fhips from the Philippines, laden with 
 fpices, filks, velvets, and other rich merohandize, 
 the value not known." By the above relation, the 
 filvcr only at 5s. per oz. amounts to 25g,8ocl. and 
 gold to 48,000!. fterling. But other accounts make the 
 value of the wliole carg.) brought home by the Golden 
 Hind (for that was the name that Drake chole his 
 fliip, the Pelican, fliould be known by) amount to 
 SoOjOOol. though that which was divided among the 
 crew was only, 8o,oool. The remainder was moft 
 likely to be difpofed of at the court, and we can hardly 
 doubt but that the queen was well recompenfed for 
 her " adventure of 1000 crowns." We have even the 
 authority of hiftory for an account of Qiieen Eliza- 
 beth's refunding a part of the plunder to the Spaniards, 
 which could hardly have been the cafe if (he had not 
 been greatly benefited by this voyage. And indeed, 
 the honour which fhc conferred on Drake at a time 
 when he was not without enemies, and the people 
 weredivided in thciropinions of hisexpedition feemed 
 to verify what Mr. Thomas Doughty was charged fo 
 heavily for uttering, that " If they brought home 
 gold, they (hould be the better welcome." 
 
 Drake who was thus honoured by his fovereign was 
 the firft captain that ever furroundtd the globe, and 
 lived to return home in fafety from his exi>edition. 
 The paflasje of Maghellan had fo often been tried in 
 vain, afterthe death of that unfortunate captain, that at 
 length all men feemed to have laid afidc the proje^ • 
 
 > A Knii>l'.t of Malta called nracu dc LoaiTa, with fcven 
 fliip^ attcin|ncd to (ullow Ma^hcllan's tra{)— tiis own fliip re- 
 tuincil to Spain, lie paired the (lieiglits, but loft fomc ofhisrcf- 
 fcN. and his own life — two of the reflcls only reached the Eaft 
 Indies, where he and his n>cn pcrifiied. The Oenocfe made an 
 unfviccefsful attempt of this kind in i5ii. The famous Scbaf- 
 lian Calxit, in the Foduguefe fctvice, tried in Tain to find the 
 fliein'.!:5i and Americus Vcfpurius, from whom the continent 
 of America received its name, had afterwards a> ill fucccfs in 
 the like undertaking. Simon de Alcafara with a ftrong I'qua- 
 dron failing with an Intention to make his paflagc through the 
 flreigiit, was forced to return on account of a muiioy among 
 his men, which put an end to his expedition. 
 
 t "Certain Jefuits {fav^Linofclioten a Dutchman then at Ooa) 
 fame from the illand of Japan, and with them thiea princes, lieing 
 ■ he fons oifro many kini;s of tliai country, wlwlly apparelieal 
 like lefuits, not one of tliem almre tlie a^c of fifteen yeais, being 
 minded bv the perfuaTion of the lefuits to vifit I'ortugal, fPor- 
 tugal and^ Sjials were then both ruled by one fovereign] and 
 from tlience (o go to Rome to fee the Pope, thereby to pro- 
 cure great profit, . irileges, and Ilbcttic« for the people of that 
 illandJ In 1584 tucy fct fail for Portugal, and from thence 
 Irai'cUed into Spain, where ilicy wcra received with honour b/ 
 tlic king and the Spanifh noliiliiv, and prcfenied with many gifts 
 —which the Jeluits kept for tlicinfclvct. Out of Spain they 
 went to fee the Popci that done, tlicy travelled throughout 
 jtaly, where they were much honoured, and icccircd many rich 
 presents, by means of the great reports made of them. They 
 returned to Madrid, where, with grew honour, they took their 
 leave of the king, who furniflicd them with letters of recam- 
 mendation to the viceroy and all the ({ovemors of India. So 
 they went to Liflxin, and there took Aijijiing in 1 jb6, and came I 
 ta Goa in lh« Slip sailed tbc St. Philip, ^whcH Imth tlw prinsci I 
 
 till our navigator accomplilhed it, and attempted 4 
 north-welt paflage, which had never been the object 
 of their fearch. All this contributed greatly to r.iife 
 his fame, and his fhip was ordered to be preferved as 
 a memorial of the grcatnefs of his undertaking;. 
 
 Though we have thus acton.iuiiiul this c.iiraor- 
 dinary man round the world, jit we (Mnnot I'o far 
 difappoint the curious reader as to leave him without 
 a brief relation of (he cntcrprifes wherein iie was 
 afterwards engaged, As we have begun witii his life, 
 (o we fhall not finifli our relation till that period 
 when death, dropping the curtain, put an cud to his 
 mortal exillencc. 
 
 In the vear 1585, our fuccefsful adventurer was 
 employed by the queen as commander in chief on an 
 expedition to the Weft Indies } wherein St. Jago, St. 
 Domingo, Carthagena, and St. Aiiguftine were taken. 
 Two years afterwards, he was fcnt to Lifbon, but 
 having had intelligence of a fleet allcnibling at Cadiz 
 for the purpofe of invading England, he failed thither, 
 and furpriling the Spaniards, burned io,ooo tons of 
 fhippingand all their warlike ftorcs, which was a hea- 
 vy ftroke, and i'evcrcly felt by the enemy. Hoalfofell in 
 with, and took a rich fhip on his return, called the St. 
 Philip, which was coming from the Eait Indies, f 
 
 Repeated fucccfles promoted Drake to honours. In Drnke mule 
 1588 lie was advanced to bcvicc-admiral:):, under Lord vicc-aiimaaL 
 EflSngham Howard, then high-admiral of England, 
 who commanded the force dcflined to oppole the 
 Spanifh arm.ida. Every one the leafl acquainted 
 with hiftory, knows the fate of that unwieldy arma- 
 ment, which was heiiteii back with difgracc, and the 
 lofs of fome of the fineft veflels, to appearance, of any 
 at that time feen in Europe, and which had been for 
 three years preparing in the ports of Spr.in for the long 
 projetSed invafion of England, 
 
 Drake had his (hare in the honour of this vii£iory,ii|;rnn.'i>.'> is 
 which however he hazarded in fome nieafurc by pur- tlic 1V.1 fi(:ht 
 fuing fome of the hulks belonging to the Hans 1 owns, V "'' ''" j**""* 
 in order fo gratify that dcfire of plunder fo habitual to "" »"""'•■ 
 a man who had turned his attention chiefly to pirati- 
 cal entcrprifes §. Being intrufted to carry lights to 
 direft the admiral, he mifled him by his conduii^, and 
 yet made the mofl advantagp of any by the fucci'ls of 
 the Englifh arms | . 
 
 Thus far good fortune h.id attended him and his He uniirf «lce« 
 royal employer, who having a great doiiendaiice upon an e«|> diiioD 
 his abilities, alWl greateronthe terror ot his name, and '" l'or.ui;d. 
 becaufc hepoflefTeJa fpirit in foine meafure, congenial 
 toherown,fcnt hitnout next year as admiralof a fqua- 
 dron intended to place Don Antonio, a pretender to 
 
 the 
 
 and the Jefuits were received with great rejoicing] which fhip, 
 on her return to Portugal, was taken by Ciptain Drake, lieiug 
 ihcfirfl that was taken coming from 'lieEalt Indies, which the 
 Portugtiefc took for an evil ilgn, hccaule the fliip bore the 
 king's own oaaie." It fecim tlMt liad weather having ilrivcn 
 this rclTcl on her way to Goa into Mozambique, meeting with 
 another vcflcl called the St. Laurence there, whicJi was vciy 
 much damaged, the former on her return piit in again at M<'- 
 zamlmiue in order to take in the lading of the other Ihip, which 
 was rendered unferviceable, which enabled her to make hef 
 voyage to Ewrnpe, almut the ulual time i and lliil fortunate 
 circumflancc contributed to Drake's fucccfs. 
 
 X He had under hiscommand the Captains Martin Forbifltcr, 
 Knolles, and other experienced oflicers. 
 
 i In ihofe of a mere regular nature h« was generally rather 
 impatient of fupuiority, and cot a nry agreeable colleague. 
 His deportment on this occal'ion however, <lid him more ho- 
 nour as appear! from a letter to tlie k>rd trcafucer, in which 
 he obfcrves, *' That tJiough the ilrcngth of the cikibv outwent 
 report, yet the chearfulnels and courage which the lord admiral 
 cxpreffed, gave all who had the honour to Icrvc under him al- 
 furance of vi£)orv." 
 
 U The admiral, by neansof this mifcandu£t oI'Drake, millaking 
 the lights of the Spanifh commander for his, got into the mid- 
 dle ofthe enemy's fleet, in the ni^ht, from whence he happily 
 efcapcd uwlircnvered. Drake afterwards acquired both honour 
 and money by taking a large galleon coniniandcd by Don Pe- 
 dro dc Valdez, wlio was fuppufcil to have planned the invafion, 
 whofet him at firft at defiance, but as foonas he heard his name 
 furrendcred to him upon his funiinons. In this fliip be- 
 fidcs valualdc goods he found (0,000 duiiacs, vtbiclt well re- 
 warded liiiii (or liii u >uUe. 
 
 ii'"- 
 
t:\ 
 
 I r.iile 
 id M 
 
 ir.uir- 
 i;i tar 
 ithout 
 
 L- WHS 
 
 IS IifL't 
 period 
 to his 
 
 r was 
 OB ail 
 ;o, St. 
 taken. 
 1, but 
 
 Cadiz 
 hither, 
 ons of 
 
 a hc!i- 
 ) fell in 
 the St. 
 
 rs. Ii> Drake maJe 
 
 IT Lord vicc-aiiiiiiiaL 
 
 iigland, 
 
 lofe the 
 
 uainted 
 
 f arma- 
 
 and the 
 
 , of any 
 
 wen for 
 
 he long 
 
 viiftory, Hiscon.'iifUn 
 by pur- tlic •'•' f't'-'it 
 
 [iitual to 
 ) pirati- 
 ights to 
 iiiit, and 
 cctfc of , 
 
 and his He uniifi»!!«» 
 ce upon »n '•"I' 'I'"'"" 
 nK-,and»'l''"-''t'''- 
 xigvnial 
 a fqua- 
 nder to 
 the 
 
 ^lich ihip, 
 ic, bciug 
 ihich the 
 Iborc tlx 
 Ijr ilriven 
 ling witli 
 
 at M" 
 Lt, which 
 itkc ht'i 
 
 (ortuDat* 
 
 lorbilhcr* 
 
 hv tatlier 
 JiUcaguc. 
 
 In whi>:h 
 louiwei't 
 iilmiral 
 I him al- 
 
 liiftaking 
 llic mi>^- 
 1 happily 
 ] honour 
 on Pe- 
 InTaOont 
 \\% name 
 hip U- 
 vcll jc- 
 
 
 SIk FRANCIS DRAKlE, 
 
 3» 
 
 th' crown of Portugal, on the throne of that kingdom. 
 The following is Rapin's account of that exptdition. 
 " As tho C|uccu, (fays the hiltori.iii) was extremely 
 frugal, and uii undertaking agaiiifl Spain could not 
 but be \«ry expenfivc, the To ordered it, that Drake 
 Qnd Norris took upon them to be at the charge, in 
 hopes of making thcmfclvcs amends by the booty they 
 (hould meet "'ithi So flic only found them fix fliips 
 of war, with a prcfcnt of 6o,ooo!. with leave to raifc 
 fokliirs and failors for tne expedition. Drake had al- 
 ready tried the Spaniards in America, and in tlie chan- 
 nel, and was convinced they were more formidable in 
 common opinion than in reality; wherefore joining 
 with Sir John Norris, and fome other private pcr- 
 fons, they eciuipped a fleet, and embarked ii,000 
 foldiers, and 1500 marines. The Hollanders having 
 alfo added fome fliips, the fleet confilled, according to 
 Stow, of 146 fail, tranfports and vii£luallcrs in- 
 cluded. Drake commanded at fea, and Norris was 
 general of the land forces. They took with them 
 Don Antonio, who hoped, by the afliftance of the 
 Englilh, to be put In pofleffion of his kingdom, 
 where he pretended ta have many friends. 
 
 " They failed from Plymouth on the i8th of 
 April, and fooii after arrived at the Groyne, where 
 landing their troop?;, they all'aultcd the lower town, 
 und carried it by llorm ; but Norris having advice 
 that the Conde dc Andrada was approaching with a 
 body of troops to relieve the place, fuddenly railed 
 the fiegc to marrh ajainft him ; and overtaking him, 
 flew \ooo of his men. This done, he burnt feve- 
 ral villages ; and without returning to the ficge, re- 
 rmbarked his tronj>s, their principal dcfign being 
 againft Portugal. 
 
 " Whilll they wcrefailingtowards the coaftsof that 
 kingdom, they were joinetl by the earl of Eflex, with 
 Tome fliipis he hiul armed at his own charge, unknown 
 to the queen. Some days after, they arrived at Pa- 
 nicha, a little town in Portugal, and, taking it, re- 
 ftoriii It to Don .\ntonio; from thence Norris inarched 
 to Liibon, Sir Francis Drake promifing to follow with 
 the fleet up the 'l'.i<^us. The army proceeded 40 miles 
 without oppofitioii I and encamping before Liibon, 
 took the Aiburbs of Sr. Catharine ; but, as Drake 
 performed not his promife, and the army wanted can- 
 non and ammunition, it was refolved in a council of 
 %var to retire, I'his rcfolution was taken, becaufe 
 there was no appearance that the Port uguefe were in- 
 clined to revolt, as Don Antonio had expeded ; and 
 liecaufc there was no news of the fuccoure he had 
 boafted of from the king of Morocco. The army 
 marching towards tlie mouth of the T.igus, met Sir 
 Francis 1}rakc, who had taken the town of Cafc.ics, 
 and excufcd himftlf upon the impoflibility of per- 
 forming his promile } fome days after the caftic of 
 Cafcaes furrendering, ir was blown up, and to make 
 themfelvcs amends tor the charges of the expedition, 
 the Englifli (eized fixty vcHcIs laden with corn, and 
 all manner of naval (lores (to equip a new fleet againft 
 England) belonging to the Hans towns. Then they 
 went and took V igo, which was abandoned by the in- 
 '"" ''"' "^i^- habitants, and firing the town returned to England." 
 ' ;'"'. ""'""" This expedition (it is added) did fome damatre to the 
 I'liiiin Sir k'"? "' Spam, but was of no bcneht to Elizabeth ; 
 whicliitwaj and the booty was not fufficicnt to pay for equipping 
 lent (Alt. the fleet ; though Camden fays they brought home 
 1 50 pieces of cannon and a great booty. Above 6,000 
 men ivriftied In this expedition. 
 
 Sir Francis Drake's fun of glory appeared at this 
 time to have been on the decline. Norris, the gene- 
 ral of the land forces, made a heavy complaint airainfl 
 bim, alledging that to his conduct alone the ill fuc- 
 cefs of the cnterprife was owing. Yet Hawkins and 
 Drake fceming refolved not to abandon their defign of 
 
 ' Sir lohn liawkins, Iml been fcizcd with a tllforderwhich 
 pfovod fatal to liiin. — And on tlie verv evening when that 
 coninnnde*- died, witilc tlie officers were at Tapper, a cannor.> 
 ball en'.citd the cabin, wliisli Iciltcil Sit MichoUt Clilfbnl 
 
 dillrefling Spain, and enriching themfelvcs •$ long as 1^89 
 
 thei-c was an opportunity, procured 26 of the queen's " v ' 
 
 (hips, which were equipped by private adventurers. Another fiic- 
 Frum an armament fo conliderablc, jr> at m.itters were cefUcfsesiicili. 
 cxpeiled ; but the commanders fceincd to have for- tion. 
 gotten thatfuch a fleet could not be fitted out with as 
 much fecrecy as three or four veflcls, nor proceed with 
 fo much expedition. 'Fhe Spaniards received intelli- 
 gence of their equipment j they heard their deftina- 
 tion was to the Welt Indies, and found the means, by 
 threatening a fecond invafion to get the (hips detained 
 till the 28th of Auguft, before whic<i time the plate fleet 
 had arrived in fafcty, one (hip only excepted, which had 
 fprting her mart. The que^ communicated thefe un- 
 welcome tidings to the adventurers^ advifing them 
 before they purfucd their principal undertaking to at- 
 tack Puerto Rico, by which nuMns they might take 
 the galleon, as they had loft all hopes of intercepting 
 the flota. 
 
 Nor did their main dcfign fucceed according to their 
 cxpe<Sations, Sir Francis Drake pitching on a plan 
 foreign from that of the undertaking, T his plan was 
 to make an attack upon the Canaries in their w<iy. It 
 was conceived crudely, and failed upon the triah 
 And, to add to the misfortune of this mifcarriage, one 
 of the Englifh (hips w.is taken by fome of the Spa- 
 ni(h frigates, whereby the principal circumltanccs of 
 the Intended attack were dil'covercd : the enemy be- 
 ing forewarned, took care to prepare for their recep- 
 tion. It was on the 12th of November that the 
 fleet came before Puerto Rico*, and the ofKciirs having 
 been convened in a council of war, an aflault on the 
 (hipping in the harbour was refolved upon. This had 
 not the deflrcd cffedl ; no imprefTion was made upon 
 the fortifications of the place, and the En?li(h at hill 
 abandoned their defign. They afterwards came to 
 Riode la Hacha, where they burned the town, and 
 made fome other dcfcents upon the coalK At length 
 arriving at the defired place, they landed their fol- 
 diers, who were to go acrofs the ifthmus to Panama, 
 but after enduring a great deal of toil and fatii;uo, they 
 came back without hr.ving been able to cRcil their 
 purpofc." And now, (fays Fuller) began the difcoii- 
 tent of Sir Fr.incis Drake to feed upon him. He con- 
 ceived that expedlation of a mercilefs ufurcr, com- 
 puting each day iince his departure, exacted an intc- 
 reft and return of honour and profit proportionable 
 to his great preparation, and tranfcending his for- 
 mer atchievemcnts. He ("aw that all the good which 
 he had done in his voyage, confifted in the evil he 
 had done the Spaniards afar off, whereof he could prc- 
 fcnt but fmall vifible fruits in England. Thefe ap- 
 prehenfions accompanying, if nqt caufing, the dif- Sir Francis 
 eafe of the flux, wrought his fudden death j and fick- Drake's diaili. 
 nefs did not fo much untie his cloaths, as forrow did 
 rend at once the robe of his mortality afundcr. He 
 lived by the fea, died on it, and was buried in it." 
 " And thus (adds he) we fee how great fpirits having 
 mounted to the higheft pitch of |icrformance, after- 
 wards (train and break their credit in (Irivine to go be- 
 yond it." — This account of the death of Sir Francis 
 Drake bears the marks of authenticity, Difappoint- 
 ments of fuch a nature are not eafy to be endured by 
 men ufed to a feries of fuccelTcs, and borne up on the 
 wings of popular applaufe. The commander, of oiiftrvition- * 
 whom we are writing, had great perfeverance and for- on his charj';. 
 titude in danger ; but it will be eafiljr perceived ter. 
 that this character was not without its defefls, 
 Drake, was a man of great afliduity and induftry, 
 calculated not only to plan, but alfo to execute; but 
 both the plan and execution mult be folcly intruded 
 to him, or (mall hopes were to be formed upon biscn- 
 dc:ivours for fuccels. He was not, (as he himfelf 
 declared) a man. of itami'tn bat all the world muft 
 
 wounded two otlirr gentlemen, (.ine •nortalK) and Ihot away 
 the flool (in which Sir Fr.inc's Drake fate, jurt as he wa; drir.k- 
 Ing fuccef. to the vJKk, \\hi:h •«« :r<trtil tj kt made the ntxt 
 day. 
 
3* 
 
 THE V a Y A O F. S O t 
 
 6wn ttiat he was a mnn of abilities. In tlic art of fia- 
 '59° vigation at thofctiii r^ lie had not his equal ; wc can- 
 ' ' • ' not find among tht' iMvigatorsof more modern date, in 
 
 many rcfpeiJts any that can be confidered as hMjuftiior. 
 He was the firft man that ever completed the circinn- 
 navigation of the gloK-, and returned with fafety and 
 honour to his own country. He palled the Streijjhts 
 of Maglicllan in lels time than any other commander 
 had ever done. He failed upon an unknown lla, 
 guided by his own judgment more than any other help, 
 as his countrymen being i^rnorant vf the navigation 
 in thofe parts, he could not have the benefit of fea- 
 charts, nor the guidance of any thing but the com- 
 pafs, whole variation was one of the wonders of the 
 age. Yet, amidft all thefc difficulties, he l<ill pro- 
 ceeded, furmountcd every oblhicle, and (lands upon 
 record as one of the moll able mariners that ever 
 plowed the ocean. 
 
 Wc are forry to fay that here his praifc mud end. 
 As impartiality guides our pen, we cannot give the 
 tribute of applaule to adfions which arc rather de- 
 ferving of cenlure. The perlbn in qucllion, what- 
 ever fome may have faid or wrote of him, in the courfe 
 of the voyage, moll celebrated by his panegyrills, 
 afled in a manner which, however it might be the 
 
 fafliion of the times, fort.".inlv deferred to ne repro* 
 bated as cruel and unjulK ^Vithout a conimiilioiiv 
 without a war declared^ he fiized on the treafures of 
 the king of S])ain ; .^nd what was infinitely more rc- 
 pro.tchable, .ifter furprifing men aflcep or unprepa- 
 red, he pillaged private prnpcrtyv ami bic.une ihfi 
 tcrroi of numbers of harnilels peo|ile who entertalnej 
 no ideas of the length to «hich his avarice uouM 
 carry him, or the confequcnces which they were to 
 ■apprehend from his miftrefs's Pefentment. 
 
 It would be ahfurd to deny this adventurer on« 
 jot of his merit as a naval commander — but this me- 
 rit ap|)oarcd only when he ftood alone — His attach- 
 ment to felf-intcreft, joined to his impatience of 
 controll, generally rindered ahortivc all fchcmes he 
 was embarked in, v\ hen he had not the folc command } 
 of which there was a (Iviking inllance in the mifcar- 
 riage at Li(bon, wherein he was Ibjullly complained 
 of by Sir John Norris. 
 
 On the whole, however, catching the fpirit and 
 manners of thofe days, and being favoured by his fo- 
 vereign. Sir Francis Drnkc maintained his reputa- 
 tion, and has been confidered as a pattern to fuc« 
 ceeding ages. 
 
 f 
 
 THE VOYAGES OF CAPTAIN THOMAS CAVENDISH, 
 
 The Second Englifli Circumnavigator. 
 
 CivcnJidi ir- 
 rivcs at Port 
 Ocfirc. 
 
 1586 
 
 w 
 
 E arc not fo mueb at a lofs to give an ac 
 count of Captain Cavendifli [or Candilh as 
 
 Account of 
 Captain Ca- 
 iciulifli's fa- 
 mily. 
 
 he is called by fome] as yve have been to trace the 
 family of other illuilrious navigators mentioned in 
 (his work.— —This gentleman was of an antient fa- 
 mily, feated in Suffolk, and could trace his defcent 
 to the time of William the Conqueror. — His father 
 left him in his minority, heir to three manors j but 
 of this circitmftance he made little .advantage, being 
 addicted to the extravagancies of the times, he prc- 
 fently ran outhiscftate, and finding himf^df reduced 
 to uncxpedcd ncceflitics, determined to have recourii; 
 to the chance of the fe.as in order to mend his ftiat- 
 tercd fortune. This was the sera of adventure, and 
 he took the advantage of it accordingly. 
 
 Mr. Cavcndi(h was firft concerned in a voyage 
 
 Ilib i-nnncxinn that Sir Walter Raleigh projected to the New 
 
 with Sir Wal-yyofij . f,(,m which however the former reaped but 
 
 firKalcii;]. |j,t]j advantage, the experience excepted of what 
 
 might be done in thole p;uts to annoy the Spaniards, 
 
 with whom the Engliih were nov/ at war. Having 
 
 his mind bent upon embarking on an expedition of his 
 
 own, and being encoura?:ed by the late example of 
 
 Sir Francis Drake, Mr. Cavcn.lifti, raifine a fum of 
 
 money upon his eiiate, built two (hips and a bark at 
 
 f^f'"''"*^ Harwich, which he propofed to employ on an expe- 
 
 •ccouiit. dition to the bpani(h letllements m America. 
 
 Having got all things in readinefs with as much fc- 
 crecv .as the nature of fuch a bufiiieft would admit, he 
 embarked at Plymouth on Thurfday the 21ft of July 
 in the year 1506, having with him, the Dcfirc, a 
 (hip of 120 tons, the Content of 6j, and a bark called 
 the Hugh Ciallantof 40 tons, taking on board various 
 artirles for tradc< purcliafing for the picfent only a 
 fmall quantity of provifions, and privately taking in 
 arms and amnnioition, the better to cover his ihfign, 
 nor did any man on board know whither he wat going, 
 till after the embarkation*. 
 
 July the 26th, C.n)taiii Cavei-uli(h found liimfelf 
 45 le.igues from Cape Finirteric, where their little 
 flat fell in with five fail of Bilcayners, wiili whom 
 they engaged three hours, till night jiartcd the com- 
 
 £nil;atk^ at 
 y.uHuutli. 
 
 * At lirll he raifcd litit I. .tit Li& complimcni nf men, liking, 
 llic Tell «ii Lcaiil ai l'l)njuu'.li. 'I lie fciiil uik Luiii at ilai> 
 
 batants. They made the Canaries, on the firft day tm a • 
 
 ,- , ,, ' , , , ' if r> ' Tilt °«t 'r- 
 
 ot Auguir, on the 15th were 50 leagues on Cape, j,,.,,, >,,,.;_ 
 
 Vcrd, and on the 26th came into harbour at Sierra Lcona. 
 
 Leona, having ran by account 930 leagues in 36 
 
 days. 
 
 Hearing by a Negro that came on board them, that 
 there was a Portugucfe (hip within their harbour, the 
 admiral fent the Hugh Gallant, which however coulJ 
 not get above 4 leagues up for want of a pilot, find- 
 ing tne navigation to be very dangerous. 
 
 I'his de(ign thus laid afide, upon the day fol- 
 lowing being Sunday, feveral of the crew were fent 
 on fliore, who mixed among the Negros, and joined 
 in their (ports, with a view to gain intelligence, and 
 as they were returning defcricd a Portuguei'e that had 
 hidden himfelf among the bufhes, whom they took 
 and brought on board. Uy him they learned that the 
 (hip lay at the town, the palTage to which by water 
 he affirmed to be very dangerous. But the next day 
 the captain landing with 70 men, they marched uj> 
 thither, and burncil two or three houles, taking what 
 little they could find, while tlie inhabitants fled from 
 them i but on the retreat of tiie Engli(h kept them in 
 view, and difchargcil poiloned arrows at them from 
 their woods and hiding places, by which three or tour 
 of the men were hurt, but at that time nonedied of their 
 wotinds. — A number of the crew afterwards landed at 
 the watering place, and remained uninterrupted while 
 they were wa(hiiii' their linen, but the next dayasci- n 
 I. ley were cxpecteil by the enemy, an air.bu(h ot Ne- jn,|, ,1,,. ,1,;, 
 gros was laid for them, which was luckily dil'co\ crcJ liitanti. 
 by the carpenter of the captain's (hip — ^ it they 
 could not be fo quick in returning to their (hips but 
 that feveral of them were again wounded with ar- 
 rows, one of whom being fliot in the thigh, breaking 
 the weapon, and leaving ihe head of it beliind, which 
 he would not difcovertu the furgeon for fear of its being 
 cut out ; as the (liult was envenomed, he fwedcd, and 
 died the next morning,. — Notwithftanding this at- 
 l.ick, many of the Englifli went on (hole again on 
 tlij third day, and brought olf fruits and nlfo\aiij;ht 
 plenty of fidi, wllliout meeting with any mifadven- 
 
 ture. 
 
 A S^>aniariT 
 ma<tc jiriloncr. 
 
 Afcoiint of a 
 ttpjnilh town 
 iarcmlud to 
 ii'iniiiianil tlic 
 Ihcig'its. 
 
 wicli, anU l.c lit.t tie tii\c miti^^i.,wM ui tlie u! 
 
 pr'l" 
 
 111 
 til 
 til 
 on 
 Iw 
 
 t.) 
 Iiii 
 wi 
 
, » 
 
 Captain CAV«KBi§rt. 
 
 n 
 
 CnvcnJiHi «r- 
 rivcs ac Pure 
 Dcfiir. 
 
 A S(>annrit 
 mivtc priloocr, 
 
 Account of a 
 bpinilh town 
 iafcntlcj to 
 ii4)ii)iiianil the 
 ilititl.ts. 
 
 tuK. On thit 6th they left Sierra L«ona> ftear- 
 cd fur the Capj VcrJ Iflcs, aiiJ anchoring about two 
 mtks oft' one of thejn about live the faiiic cvcningt 
 iandoil there. Upon this iflaml ihcy found there 
 wa« a town whither the negros fomotimes came, 
 but found no provifion (here. 'Fhe reft of the illand : 
 appeared like (tns continued wood, iind the fpot on< 
 which the koufco ftoud was furroundcd with plantain 
 trees. Leaving this place on the toth, they failed 
 towards Brafil, and drtipped their anchor between St. 
 ScbalH:in and the m.iiii land on the firtt of November j 
 there they remained .about three weeks employing 
 thrmfelves in building their pinnice ; during this in- 
 terval a canoe bound from Kio Janijiro to St. Vin- 
 cent caiiie in their Way. There were mi board fix 
 ilavcs and one Portuguefe, who knowing Chriftopher 
 Hare, malkr of the admiral's Ihip, having foeii hinn 
 in the Minion .it St. Vincent, they let hiin raocced 
 thither in hopes to have bcoii vlfucd by an Eogfiflnnan 
 wbo refided there, and to have ha<i fome provifions 
 lent them. But the PoftuguctL- whom they charged 
 with a letter to him, neither returning nor fending 
 atiy Bicfijge to them, they fet fail froin this place on 
 the 33d, and made tho coaft of America on the i6th 
 at' December, in lat. 47 degrees 20 in. fouth bearing 
 about fix league* to the wettward. 
 
 Still coaftijtg along ihorc, the next day they entered 
 a harbour, to whic': they gave the name of Port De- 
 fire. Here they faw two fmall iHands, on which were 
 a vaft number of fcals.* They found alfo plenty of 
 fowls, foine of which burrowed like rabbits in the 
 (vround, and were not able to Ay, having on their 
 pinieas nothing but down, iind feeding 011 nfli, which 
 tkej caught iii the (*a. 
 
 Mi the harbour was eoftvenient for making nccef- 
 larjr repairs in their vcllelfi, the admiral refolved to 
 ismain there ibin* time fot that purpofc. While 
 tbey were thu< rcfting in fccnrity, a man and a boy 
 that went oit flkore were attacked and gricvoudy 
 ««unded by a difcharge of Indian arrows, which were 
 made of canes headed with flint-ftones ; but the af- 
 iailaJits, though amou4iting to about fixty in number, 
 fled when the admiral came up with about 10 mcn.f 
 
 Leaving Port Defire On the 18th of December, they 
 touclicd at an ifland tfcrec kagttes oft", wiwre they 
 laltcd the penguins which they had taken, and after 
 falling in with an unknown rock, ftood for the 
 (beights of Maghellan, anchoring onderaeajX', which 
 Cavandiflt lays down in ji" 45" fouth, tills great 
 tem|ieft was o»tr, which renderrA it dangerous for 
 them to enter thofe ftreight;). In the paffage through, 
 they took a Spaniard nann!d Hernando, after which 
 • they anchored off Peagain Ifland, on the 8th day. 
 Ou the oth proceeding on their courfe SSW. they 
 came to King Philip's city, which had been built by 
 the Spamuds, which Mr. Prettie fays had four forts, 
 and every fort had in it one c»ft piece that was 
 buried in the ground, the carriages being ftanding } 
 Cavcndifh's men, however, digeins for them, re- 
 covered them all, to their no fmall latisfaftion. 
 
 " They had contrived their city very well, fays 
 our author, and had feaCed it in the beft place of 
 the ftreightt for wood and water, thev had built up 
 theirchurches by therafclvcsi they had laws very fevere 
 
 Vol. I. N" 4. 
 
 • Thcr«rc>t<, fayililr. Prettta, (who wrote an account of 
 »!io vojajje) are of a wondorful Itii^ncfs, liuue and monOrout ol 
 Ihjpe i ami for llit fore part of their IxmIIcs, cannot he conipateU 
 to any thing heticr than to a lion ; their heail, neck anti fore 
 part cj their IkmIi*!, are fuU »( rough liain their feet are in 
 liia inanntr of a fia* and in form like i»lo' t inlM't hanil 1 iMy 
 DicolanJ caft every inouh, (living i^eir youjig ntilk, yet 
 
 amotig themj for they had crcAed a gibbet, whcrtoh 
 they had done execution on fome of their company. 
 It fcuraed unto us, thilt their whol< tivin<' for a great 
 fpaec was altogether upon mafcles and limpets ; fur 
 there was not any thing clfe to be had, except fome 
 deer which came out of the mountains, down to the 
 frefti rivers to drink. Tlicfe Spaniards came to for"- 
 tify the ftt«ights, to the end that no nation ftiould 
 have paflage through into the SAuth Sea, faving tlieir 
 own only j but as it appeared, it was not God's will 
 fo to have it ; for during the time that they were there, 
 which was two years at leaft, they could never have 
 any thing to graw, or in any way profper j and on 
 tlieother'fide, the Indians often preyed upon them, 
 until their vi(£luals grew foHlort, (their ftore being 
 (pent which they had brought with them out of Spain, 
 and having no means to renew the f;mie) that they 
 died like dogs in their houfes, and in their clothes, 
 wherein wc found fome of them ftill, at our coming, 
 until thitt, in the end, the town being wonderfully 
 fainted with the fmell and favour of the dead people, 
 the reft which remained alive were driven to bury 
 futh things as they had there in their town, and fo 
 to fprfake the town, and to go along the fea fide to 
 feck their viftuals, to preferve them from ftarvingj 
 taking nothing with them, but every man his haV- 
 (|utbufs, and his furniture, that was able to do it, 
 (for fome of them werenotablctocarrythcmforwcak- 
 ncfii) ami fo lived, for the fpacc of a year and more, 
 on roots, leaves, and fometimes a fowl which they 
 might kill with their piece. To conclude, they fct 
 forwards, determined to travel towards the river of 
 Plate, there being only 23 perfons left alive, where- 
 of two of them were women, which were the remain-' 
 dcr of 400. In this place we watered and wooded 
 well and quietly. Our general named this town 
 Port Famine; it ftandcth in 53° by obfervation to 
 the fouthward." 
 
 From hence the admiral failed to Cape Frowardi 
 and fo continued his courfe. On the 22d he %vent 
 with the Ihip's Iroat a league up a river on the banks 
 of which in a plain country the Engliih difcovered 
 certain favages who fed on raw flefti, and-whom, by their 
 manners they judged to be canibals ; and the writer 
 of the voyage afllrts " that they had lately preyed 
 upon fome of tlie Spaniards before mentionetl. Thcfe 
 people endeavoured te draw the Englilh farther up 
 the river j but infteailof bcin* fo deluded the admir.il 
 gaveorders to fire upon them, in c«niiquence of which 
 fcveral of the favages were killed ] and the fleet de- 
 parting, came aftcrwanis to the river St. Jerome, and 
 then proceeded through the ftreights, finding harbours 
 at the end of every mile or two for 90 leagues, which 
 he computed to be the length of the whole pnfliige. 
 
 Having eflitftcd their purpofe thus far, they entered ''^'" "'f 
 the South Sea, oji the 24fh of February (after sS Sew. 
 being detained for a long time by bad weather and 
 contrary winds). And now tlicy began to entertain 
 Hopes of a more agreeable voyage, wTien on the firft 
 day of March, in lat. 49* 38" fouth, and 45 leagues 
 from land, the Hugh Gallant was fcparated from the 
 other fliips in a ftorm, which continued till the 4th 
 day, in the c»urfe of which time that vcfjfcl proving 
 leaky, was in danger of being loft and it was not 
 
 L till 
 
 iiniially get ilicy thtir livinR in the fua, awl line aluwcthc' >»P- 
 on ftih I their young are cxiriardinary ggud neit, ud licinB 
 Imded «• roaflni are hardly to he known TtBtn lamb or fnUUon. 
 •llic olJ onei are of fueli bi|;ner> and foree, that it h as ntuch 
 at foiii nun are ahlcto do t« kill one of ikcm witKltearftneti 
 and he muft he beaten down with lUikiog M lU hud «( him, 
 tur his body u of that bigncft that fcui men could nc«t HI! 
 htm, bat only on llie head 1 for being (hoi through the IhkIv 
 wiUi a luriiuil/ufi, or 1 muffutt, yet ht will gohit wav ioio 
 
 the fea, and never care for it at the prefcht. 
 
 t Mr. Pretticdefcribingthem, fays "Thev arc II wild asarer 
 was a buck or any wild bca(», for we followed them, and tlwT tatt 
 from us, (II 1/ WE tad Men the viilJtft l/iingi in i/tf wuli. We 
 
 Ito^ the nieafure of their feet, ami it was 1 S inches long, tlttir 
 'HS?? '*,*'«'' ""V "f 't"* dis, to Iriag him or them to the 
 clMti by the fca-lule, and upon the top df fheil, ther bury them* 
 and in tUoir eravej arc buried, with ilitia their botes and at- 
 i'",!*', •".'' ,»>' '•''i'' J««''» *1'''1> they hail in their life time, 
 |which are fine fliclU that thcv fin.! by the fca-fide, which ilicv 
 cut and fquaie sfier an attificial manner j and all are laid under 
 tlieir headi. The prate is made with large ftones of i;rei< 
 ^length and lujnrls, being (et all along full of the dead nian't 
 ftarn ubUh he uleJ whea he was liring : and thev colour both 
 ithju dart! and 1 licit gtivci. tl a red colour, whjcli they ult ia 
 [colouring (h*(i,lcl\c>. , . ' ' 
 
 Sv 
 
 vS. 
 
 / 
 
 / 
 
34 
 
 THE VOYAGES OF 
 
 '587 
 
 till ihe ijtiv of March that running i;i between St. 
 Mary and the main, fhc met with her confurts, who 
 had rid out the ftorra at the ifland of Mocha, in 38" 
 fouth lat. where the Indians engaged fome of the 
 crew that landed for refrelhmcnt', taking them for 
 Spnniiirds, whom tlicy accounted their mortal ene- 
 mies. 
 
 Thefe Indians arc dcfcribed as fierce and warlike, 
 coming from a place called Aranco, which they had 
 defended from the Spanifli power, though the place 
 being reported to be full of gold was fufficicnt to 
 bring them perpetually into jeopardy from a cruel ajid 
 rapacious enemy. 
 Tl • t It ^"'"'"B "> '"•-■ ^^"^'^ ''"''-■ "f ^'- Mary's ifland the 
 St.AIirY'i.' "dniiral went on (hore on the i6tli at the head of be- 
 tween 70 and 80 men, who were met by the Indians 
 Acciiuntofthe heaJcd by two of their chiefs. The Natives here 
 Imiuns ihcrc. were Chriftians and had been brought into the greateft 
 flavery by the Spaniards who had however converted 
 them to the Chriltian faith. I'hey conducted the 
 Engliih to a place where their mailers had crcfie a 
 church, about which flood fome ftorchoufes full of 
 ready threflied wheat and barlev, as good as any in 
 Europe. Potatoes were likewife maile up ready in 
 ordir in the fame manner. All thefe things were 
 kept untouched till the Spiiniaids fhould come for 
 their tribute, who kept thefe people in fuch ftridl 
 fubjtition, that though they had fwine and poultry 
 in plenty, yet they durft not eat a pig or a hen 
 themfelves. The Lnglifli, taking advant.ige of thefe 
 peoples ilka, that they were fuUjecls of the king of 
 Spain, got thcmfelves plentifully fupplied with pro- 
 vifioiis here ; alter which they invited the two chiefs 
 iind fcailed them on board the admiral's velTel, when 
 they began to difcover their miftake, but fecmed by 
 no means to diflike tlu; ftrangers for not being 
 Spaniards. On the contrary, they endeavoured, as 
 it was fuppofed, to make them unilerftand by figns, 
 that there was abundance of gold to he found in Aran- 
 co, being fenfible that to point out one place where 
 that metal was to be h.id, was the greateft mark they 
 could give of their friendlhip to any of the natives of 
 Europe. 
 
 Whether the admiral did or did not well under- 
 ftand them, or whether he was unwilling from other 
 motives to undertake an expedition to Aranco, it ap- 
 pears that he paid no regard to this intelligence but 
 departed from this ifland on the I5t!i day of the month, 
 and on the 30th came to the bay of Qiiintero which 
 he computecl to lie in 33" 50' fouth. 
 f , . Soon after the ftiips had come to an anchor in this 
 
 .,'l."' ' bay, a man who kept cattle on an hill which com- 
 manded the rond, who w;\s aflccp when the veflels 
 tame in, awaking prcfcntly .iftcrvvards, mounted a 
 horfe and ruling off at full fpccd, alarmed the coun- 
 '■' try. In conftiiuciuc of this, three horft men came 
 
 d.iun foon .ifter the Englifli h.id landed, and pre- 
 tended to treat with two of them by means of Her- 
 naiulo the Spiniard, wlio w.is fent to fpeak to them. 
 As they would not admit C:uriidi(li's men to come 
 near them, fo the admirai was obliged to take what 
 palled upon his report, lie laid, that the refult of 
 the converfation wa«, th.it tlie Englifb fliould be fur- 
 nilhed with provirio(is ; but being lent Ap\n to bring 
 this treaty to a eonclufion, ;ind 1< fr alone with fiis 
 ■|!i! ^fn-iiar.l coiintrynun, he got en horli.b.u-k bihind oneof them 
 and roile up -into the conntrv : on thi', the admiral 
 finding that he had been deceived in this man, who 
 had promilltl him very fair, ordered the crews to take 
 in water, and rcfclveil to fend in fearch of the Spa- 
 nirt) town, with a view to<!cftroy it. 
 
 " The next day (fays my autlior) Captain Havers 
 accordingly went up into the country, on the 31ft of 
 March, 'with 50 or 60 men, with their fhot and fur- 
 jiiture with them, and they travelled feven or eight 
 miles into the land : and as they were marching 
 alonti, they cfpicd a number of herds of cattle, of 
 kine and bullock^, which were wonderfully wild: 
 they'faw alio great plriitv of horfes, mares, and colts, 
 which were vcr" wild arid unhandlcd : there was al- 
 5 ' ■ 1^ 
 
 clty^'C-, 
 
 An cxpnlifion 
 I'p thticoun* 
 
 fo ercat ftorc of hjres and conies, and of partridge*, • 
 ana mber wild fowls. The country was very fruit- 
 ful, with fair frelh rivers all along, full of wild 
 fowls of all forts. They travelh-d (u fur, that they 
 could go no farther for the monKrous high moimiains ; 
 they refttd ihemlelves at a very fair freih river, run- 
 ning in, and along fair low meadows, at the foot of 
 the mountains, where every man drank of the river 
 and refreihed himfelf : having fo^one they returned 10 
 their ftiips the likeliett way they thought their [the 
 Spaniards] town would be. 
 
 " So they travelled nil the day long, not feeing 
 any man, but they met with many wild does ; yrt 
 there were 200 horfemen abroad that fame il;iy, by 
 means of the Spaniard whom they had taken from 
 them the day before, who had tuld them that their 
 force was but fmall, and that they were wonderfully 
 weak i and though they did efpy them that day, yet 
 durft they not ^ive the onfct upon them, for they 
 ma. .bed along in array, and obferved good orderj 
 whereby they leemed a greater number than they were, 
 until they came unto their (hips that night again. 
 
 " The next day being the firft of April, 1387, 
 their men went on ftiore to fill water at a pit which 
 was a quarter of a mile from the waterfide : and, 
 being hard at their bufinefs, were in no readinefs, 
 mean while, there came pouring down from the hills 
 almoft two hundred horlemen, and before our peo- 
 ple could return to the rocks from the watering place, . 
 twelve of them were cut off, part killed, and part 
 taken prifoners ; the reft 'were refcued by the foldi- 
 ers who came from the rocks to meet with them ; for 
 though only fifteen of them had any weapons on (hore 
 yet they made the enemy retire in the end, with the 
 lofs of twcnty-fotir of tneir men, after they had Ikir- 
 miftied with them for an hour." The Englifli afttr- 
 wards continuing at anchor, fupplied themfelves with 
 wood and water, and then departed out of the bay 
 on the 5th of March, and alio took a number of 
 penguins on a little ifland at about a league diftant. 
 HavinK ftocked themfelves with thefe birds they failed 
 to a place called Mono Moreno, in 23" 30' fouth lat. 
 where they found a convenient harbour. 
 
 At this place the admiral went on ftiore with 30 
 men, and the Indians, who were a peaceable fet of 
 people, came down with provifions to meet them. 
 Thefe people lived in a moft fimple manner, their 
 lioufes confiftine only of a few Iticks laid acrofs, 
 ftandiug upon others that were forked, and ftuck in 
 the ground, with 'boughs laid over them by way of 
 covering. Their food was chiefly raw fifti, which 
 they often kept till it ftunk. At the death of any 
 one, they were accuftomed to ^^ury his bow and ar- 
 rows with him. Their boats, like fome we have be- 
 fore defcribed, were made of (i:al (kins blown up with 
 wind, which fervod them for the purpofc of fifliing. 
 
 A fmall bark coming out of Arica Road, was taken They take a 
 by the pinnace on the 23d. They alfo laid aboard a ""P ?' '"" 
 ftiip of 100 tons, but found in her neither men nor ' 
 goods. In the mean time the fort fired upon them, 
 and the whole power of the place being aflcmbled, 
 the ContePi ftaying 14. leagues behind, to feiae on 
 fome wine, Cavendifli did not think proper to attack 
 the town. 
 
 A flag of truce was afterwards fent, to know of 
 the Spaniards whether they would redeem their great 
 ftlip 1 but they refufed to enter into any treaty of 
 ranfom or exchange, according to pofitive orders 
 which they had received for that purpofc from the 
 viceroy at Lima. 
 
 A fail coming from the fouthward, the admiral fent 
 his pinnace and boats to take her, but fignals being 
 made from the town, this bark on board of which were 
 fome friars, was run on (hore, and moft of her cargo' 
 taken out before the Engtilh could come up with her. 
 At length they took her and funk her and fet the great 
 ftlip on fire, and not being able farther to annoy the 
 Spaniards, they departed from the harbour. 
 
 In their way they took another fmall bark, on 
 board which was one George, a Greek pilot, well 
 
 ai'qii.iinl(d 
 
 loni burthen. 
 
*■ 
 
 CAPTAIN CAVENDISH. 
 
 3S 
 
 acquainted with the coafts of Chili. They found alfo 
 
 ' three Spaniards and a Fleming, all of whom had been 
 
 fworn to throw overboard fonic letters of advice 
 
 which they were carrying to Lima, in cafe of mcet- 
 
 ing with Cavendifli. 
 formetl ; but at laft 
 
 torn buiilico. 
 
 Phis they accordingly pcr- 
 by the force of torture were 
 obliged toconfefstheirerrand *. 
 
 'Vbc fleet came next to a bay near which there were 
 three little towns. Here fome of the crew landed, 
 and plundered certain houfes, in which they found 
 bread, wine, poultry and figs ( but the fea ran too 
 high for them to land at the bcft of thefc towns, fo 
 thoy failed from thence, having left the Content, 
 which was the vice-admiral, at the ifland of Seals ; 
 and on the lOth of May the Hugh Gallant loft fight 
 of the admiral's ftiip, which former vcfll-l the next 
 day put into a place where they found a river, rnd go- 
 ing on (bore to take <n water, luckily for them, as 
 they were in want of provifions, they found near 500 
 bags of meal, of which they took what they thought 
 proper for an immediate (upply, and after experi- 
 encing fome trouble before they could regain their 
 boat, havirg at length happily got o/i board, they 
 left this place on the I4tli in tlic morning, and after- 
 wards the Hugh Gallant, with only 16 men, took a 
 large veflel that came from Guianil, of 300 tons bur- 
 den, and manned with 24 mariners. The Englifli 
 took on board a Negro called Emanuel, and a pi- 
 lot of the name of Gonfalvo deRibas. Timber and 
 proviflons were the fliip's lading, which tlicy left 
 leaky, after having taken away the forefail, bcfidcs 
 what elfe they wanted, and funic her boat. The fleet 
 ,^, , . joined again on the i7th of May, when it appeared 
 l^,f^,JJlj*,j.tha,t the inip from whicn they had been feparated, had 
 liel. taken two prizes, one laden with meal and marmalade, 
 
 and the other with thefe articles, and a thoufand hens, 
 " befides one of thefe Ihins (fays the voyager) was 
 worth 20,00ol. had it been in England, or in any other 
 port of Chriftendom, where we could have fold it. 
 We filled all our (hips with as much as we could of thefe 
 goods, burning thereft, and thefliips[//;ri> (hips] alfo, 
 and fet the men and women that were not killed afhore 
 ilniT* at After this the fleet came to Paita, where they an- 
 
 run. chored on the 20th day of the month. — There the ad- 
 
 miral landing at the head of about 70 men, had fome 
 (kirmi(hes with the townfmcn, '« At laft, (fays my 
 author) the Engli(h drove them all to the top of a hill 
 over the town, except a few flaves, and fome others 
 of the meaner fort, who were commanded by the go- 
 vernor to ftay below at a place which was building for 
 a fort, having with them a bloody enfign, and being 
 ¥i\ number about loo men. Now, as we were rowing 
 between the (hips and the (hore, our gunner (hot off' 
 a Great piece out of one of the barks, and the (hot 
 fell among them, and made them to fly from the un- 
 fini(hed fort as faft as they could run ; but having got 
 upon the hill, they, in their turn, (hot among us 
 with their fmall (hot. After we were landed, and 
 had taken the town, we ran upon them, and chaccd 
 them fo fiercely for the fpace of an hour, that we 
 drove them in the end away by force ; and being got 
 up the hill, we found where tliey had hid what they 
 brought out of the touAi. We alio found the quan- 
 tity of 251b. weight of filvcr, in pieces of eight, and 
 abundance of houfehold goods, and ftorchoulcs full 
 of all kinds of wares. But our general would not 
 fuflFer the men to carry too much cloth or apparel 
 away, becaufe they (hould not clog themfelves with 
 burdens ) for he knew not whether our enemies were 
 provided with firt: arms, act ording to the number of 
 their men, for they were five men to one of us, and 
 we had an' Engli/n mile and a half to our (hips. 
 Being come down in fafety to the town, which was 
 very well built, and kept very clean in every ftreet, 
 witn a town houfe or guild-hall in the midft of it, 
 and had to the number of two or three hundred houfes 
 
 ■* Though ihcytlircitcnol tlic Fleming, who was an old mini 
 with death, and even put a rope round liis neck, and lie(;an 10 
 l^uili himv^ii }«i he continued tiim, dreading dcaih itrdf k(i 
 
 at Icaft in it, we fct it on fire, and burnt it to the Tiicy kurn t! e 
 ground, and goods to the value of about five or fix 'own- 
 thoufand pounds. — There was alfo a bark riding ;it 
 anchor in the road, which we burnt and departed, 
 directing our courfe to the ifland of Puna. Un the 
 25lh we arrived at that ifland, where is a very good 
 harbour. There we found a great (hip of 250 tons'^'^ir »rri»al 
 riding at anchor, with all her furniture which was" *"""*• 
 rc-idy to be hauled on ground, for there is a fpccial 
 place for that purpofe. We funk it, and went uiv 
 (hnre, where the lord of the ifland dwelt, which was 
 by the water-fide, exceedingly well contrived with 
 many fingular good rooms and chambers in it, and 
 out of every chamber was framed a gallery, with a 
 (tatcly profpcfl towards the fea on one fide, and into 
 the illaiid on the other ; with a magnificent hall be- 
 low, and a very great ftorehoufc at the end of the 
 hall, which waj filled with pitch and baft to make 
 cables with -, for the moft part of the cables of the 
 South fea were made upon that ifland. This great 
 Cacitjue obliged all the Indians to work and trudge 
 for him ; he is an Indian born, but is married to a 
 beautiful woman who is a Spaniard, by reafon of his 
 plcafant habitation, and his great wealth. And this 
 Spanifh woman his wife, is honoured as queen of the 
 whole ifl;ind, and never walkcth upon the ground on 
 foot, but accounted! it too bafe a thing for her : But 
 when her pleafure is to take the air, or go abroa<l, 
 (he is always carried uponalcdan, [a fort of palan- 
 quin] upon four mens (houlders, with a veil or cano- 
 py over her, to (hade her from the fun and the wind, 
 having her gentlewoman ftiil attending about her, 
 with a great troop of the bcft men in the ifland with 
 her. 
 
 *' Both (he and the lord of the iflanJ (with ail the 
 Indians in the town, were nearly fled out of the ifland 
 before we could get to an anchor, by reafon we were 
 becalmed before we could get in, [they] were gontf 
 over the main land, carrying with them 100,000 
 crowns, which we knew by a captain of the ifland^ 
 an Indian, whom we had taken at fea, as we were 
 coming into the road, being in a balfa or canoe, for 
 a ipy to fee what we were. — On the 25th (adds he^ 
 our general himfclf, with certain (hot and fome tar- 
 getecrs, went over to the main unto the place where 
 this Indian captain told us the Cacique, who was lord 
 of all the ifland, was gone, and had carried all his 
 treafure with him : But at our coming to the place 
 where we went to land, we found newly arrived three 
 or four great balfas, laden with plantains, bags o? 
 meal, and many other kinds of vi£tuals. Our gene- 
 ral marvelled what they were, and what they meant, 
 afliing the Indian guide, and commanding him to fpeak 
 the truth upon his life. Being then bound fall, he 
 anfwercd, being much aba(hed[furprifedj as well as 
 our company were, that he neither knew from whence 
 they (hould come, nor who they (hould be ; for never 
 a man was in cither of the balfas : Yet he told our 
 general before, that it was an eafy matter, to take the 
 laid Cacique and all his treafure, and that there were 
 but three or four hotifes (landing in a defart place, 
 and no rcfiftance : — and that if he found it not fo, he 
 might hang him.— —Again, being demanded upon 
 his life, to fpeak what he thought thofe ball'as (liould 
 be } He anfwered that he could not fay what they 
 were, nor from whence they (hould come, except it 
 was to carry fifty foldiers, who he did hear were to go to 
 a place called Guiaquil, which was about fix league^ 
 from the ifland, where two or three of the king's 
 (hips were on the ftocks in building, and where there 
 were continually an hundred foldiers in garrifon,' who 
 had heard of us, and had fent for fixty more for fear' 
 of our burning the (hips and the town. 
 
 " Our general, not any whit difcouraged either at 
 the fight of the balfas unlooked for, or at the hearing 
 of the fixty foldiers, not until then fpoken of, bravely 
 
 ani" 
 
 than peijuty. 
 UU ciicmici. 
 
 Thus ie this man hanourtti bj tiie tccouat q{ 
 
tHE VOYAGES OF 
 
 1587 mimatine tiis company to the exploit, went prermtly 
 , II 1/ forward, {it] being in the night, in a moll defart 
 path through the woods,, until he came to the place, 
 where, as it fecmed, they had kept watch either at the 
 watcr-fide, or at the houfe, or at both, and were 
 nervly gone out of the houfes, having fo (hort warn- 
 ing that they left their meat both boiling and rOaftine 
 at the fire, and were fled with their treafurc, or elfc 
 [ha<l] buried it where it could not be found. Our 
 company took hens, and fuch things as they thought 
 good, and came away." 
 
 Cavendifli's people afterwards went in the (hip's 
 ioat to an ifland adjoining, whither the hangings and 
 furniture of theChrillian Cacique's houfe were con- 
 veyed. There they burned a church, and took away 
 the bells, and were afterwards attacked (on the n\ of 
 June) by an hundred Spanifli foldiers, withwiiom 
 they (kirmiflied, according to their own account, kill- 
 ing 46 of the Spaniards, with the lofs of only iz 
 Kngliflimen. In the end, the latter fet fire to the 
 town, deftroyed a number of the gardens and or- 
 chards, burned four ihips, and departed. 
 
 Thry tht.'> failed towards Anguatuico, and took a 
 new fhip of 1 20 tons in their wav, on board of which 
 they found and made prifoner Michael Sancius, a 
 native of Marfeilles, one of the bcft coaftcrs in tliofc 
 parts. At Anguatuico they landed, and burned the 
 (irwn and cuftom-houfr, with a great deal of public 
 and private property. 
 
 Arriving on the 24.th at the haven called de Nativi- 
 dad, Michael Sancius informed the Englilh there 
 would be a pinnace, but before they came thither flie 
 MfM gone out on the pearl fifliery. However, Ca- 
 vendifli's people took there a Mulatto, who woa lent 
 with advice of their arrival, whole horfe they killed. 
 They left him, but took his letters, fet fire to two 
 new ihips, each of 100 tons burthen, which were 
 building there, and lb returned to their (hipping. 
 
 The fleet afterwards touched at St. Jago, and came 
 to a little bay called Malacca, a league to the wed- 
 warcl of Port Natividad, and on the gth day of the 
 month, having come into the bay of Cli.icalla, Cap- 
 tain Havers going up the country with forty people, 
 took three men with their wives and fiunilics; t'.A- 
 women the Ent^lifh obliged to fetch them plantains, 
 pine-apples, lemons, andor.itiges, and other fruits of 
 •he country, and afterwards fcnt away their huihands, 
 keeping only one Diego a Purtugucfe, and Scmbnao, 
 a Spiinilh caqienter. 
 
 Thus they proceeded to the road of Mafcatlan, 
 and fioin thence to an ifland about three miles from 
 that road, where they trimmed and refitted their 
 Ihips, and digging in a fandy foil, found water at the 
 depth of three feet. Afterwards they failed for Cape 
 St. Lucar, on the weft fide of California, which they 
 fell in with on the 14th, where they found a bay, 
 called by the Spaniards, Aguada Secara. They wa- 
 tered in a river which they found there, and kept oiF 
 and on the cape with wclterly winds. 
 
 " The 4th of No\'ember, (fays my author] beating 
 op and down upon the he.-id-land of California in 
 23 degrees 40 minutes to the northward, between 
 feven and eight o'clock in the morning, one of the 
 company "f our admiral, who was the trumpeter of 
 the (nip, going up unto the top, cfpied a (kil bcanng 
 in from the fea with the cape ; whereupon he cried. 
 With no fmall joy to himfelf and all the company, 
 A (ail, a fail ! With which chearful words, the maf- 
 tcr of the (hip, and divers others of the company, 
 went alio up to the main-top, who perceiving his 
 fpeech to be very true, gave information unto our ce- 
 oeraj of this happy news, who was no lefs glad than 
 tlie cau(c required i whereupon he gave m charge 
 
 Srefently unto the whok company, to put all things 
 t readinefs ; which being performed, he gave tbem 
 «hace for three or four hours, (landing with our bcft 
 advantage, and working fur the wind i in the after' 
 
 * It arpcirs, however, ilut in (httiog the treifurc liken 
 I bond ins TcfTcly. fo much dlftoBicBl uaCs titat ilicte w>i 
 
 noon we got up to thctn, giving them a broad-flJe 
 with our great ordnance, and a vollcv of (hiallfhot, 
 and prcfently laid the (hip aboard, whereof the king The Rnglilli 
 of Spain was owner, which was admiral of the South cvnity,i: atnl 
 Sea, called St. Anna, and thouc'ut to be 700 tons i" ',•'"=, ''I"''' ,'!''„" 
 burthen. Now, as we were reidy on the (hip's fide ii"n^ „? spiiiu 
 to enter her, there not being above fifty or fixty men 
 at moft in our (hip, we perceived that the captain uf 
 the Santa Anna had made fights fore and aft, and laid 
 their fails clofe on their poop, their mid-(hip, with 
 their forecaftle, and not one man to be fcen, they 
 (landing fo dole under their fights with lances, jave- 
 lins, rapiers, targets, and an innumerable quantity of 
 large ftones,whichthey threw overboard upon otir head) , 
 and into our (hips fo fail, and being lb many of ih in, 
 that they put us olF the (hip again, with the |ufs of two 
 of our men who were flain, and four or five wounded. 
 But for all this, we now trimmed our fails, and fitted 
 every man his furniture and gave thcin a frc(h en- 
 counter with our great ordnance, and alfo with our 
 fmall (hot, raking them through and through, to the 
 killing and wounding of many of their men. I'heir 
 captain. Hill like a valiant man, with his company 
 llood very lloutly unto his clo(c fights, not yielding 
 as yet. Our general, encouraging his men afrclh, willv 
 the whole noifc of trumpets gave them the othet 
 encounter with our great ordnance, and all eur fmall 
 (hot, to the great difcouragemcnt of our enemies, 
 raking them through in divers places, killing and 
 wounding many of tneir men. They being thus dif'l 
 couraged and fpoiled, and their (hip being in hazard 
 of finking, by reafoii of the great (hot which wer« 
 made, whereof fomc were un(kr water, after five or 
 fix hours fight, fet out a flag of truce, and parlicd for ' '- '■''■, 
 mercy, deliring our general to fave their lives, aii4 
 to take ' ir goods, and that they would prejbntly 
 yield. ( ur general promifed tbem mercy, and willed 
 them to (trike their (ails, and to hoift out their boat 
 and to come on board ; which news they were full 
 glad to hear, and prclcntlv (truck their fails, huifted 
 out their boat, and one of their chief merchants came 
 on board, unto oUi' general, and, (ailing down upoii 
 his knees, offered tu have kifl'cd our general's feet, >'°" 
 and craved mercy. Our general pardoned both him 
 and the reft, upon promilic of their true dealing with 
 him and his company, concerning fuch riches as were! 
 in the (hip i and fent for their captain and pilot, who, 
 at their coming, ufed the like duty and reverence as 
 the former did. Our general prtimid'd their lives, 
 and Kood ufage. The Cud captain and pilot prefentir 
 certified the general what goods they had on board, 
 viz. 112,000 pezocs of gold; and the reft oftha 
 riches that the (hip was laden with were filks, fattins, 
 damafks, with miuk, and divers other merchandife, 
 and great plenty of all maniKr of provifions, with 
 the choice of many conlcrves, and feveral iCrts o{ 
 very good wines, 'rtiefe things being made known to 
 the general by the afnrcfaid captain and pilot, they 
 were commanded to ftay on board the Dcfire, and ot\ 
 the 6th day of November followiny; we went into an V 
 harbour, which is called by the Spaniards Aguada 
 Segura, or Puerto Seguro. 
 
 And in this place Cavendi(b fet afhore 190 Spa- 
 niards of both fexes, where they VK^rc likely to have 
 good aecommodations, as there was a river of freftx 
 water, and there were alfo numbers of hares and rab- 
 bits to be gotten. Befides, the admiral furnifltcd 
 them with a fuSciencv of provifions and arms for de' 
 fisnce agaisft the Indians, giving them the fails of 
 their (hip to make tents, anda quantity of planks for 
 the purpofi; of building themfelves a boat, which in.< 
 dalgence proved fome inleviatioa of their misfortune.* 
 The captain was aTtcrwaids difeharged with a hand- 
 fome prefent, alter he and his Spaniards had been 
 entertalited with the fight of fonie fireworks, which 
 the admiral had caufcd to be played olF in honour ot 
 the anniverfury of his miftrefs's coronation, being the 
 
 7th _■ 
 
 « length > mutiny, " whith ncverthelefi (fays the luthor) 
 vtii [itcilicd fur ilic liitie." 
 
CAPTAIN CAVENDISH. 
 
 37 
 
 ; king The Rnglilli 
 SoillUcnKiKV""', 
 ona irt"'^' ***"'" ,' 
 
 ;y men 
 
 !' ». 
 
 Aguad» 
 
 kgo Spa- 
 ] to have 
 I of frcOt 
 uid rab- 
 Ivirnifhcfl 
 Is for ite- 
 TaiU of 
 lanks for 
 Ihicb in- 
 itunc* 
 haiid- 
 liaJ been 
 L which 
 pnour of 
 |eing thc 
 
 author) 
 
 7th of November ; and left thr harbour on the 19th, 
 carrying with him two lads, who w.rc natives of Ja- 
 pan, in the language of which country they could 
 write and read fluently, and three hoys born in the 
 Manilla ifles, the cldelt 15, the next 13, and the 
 youngeft about nine years of age. He had alfo taken 
 a Spaniard, whofe name was 1 homas dc Erfola, who 
 undcrftood the navigation from Acapulco and the coaft 
 of New Spain to the Ladroncs iflands, on which ac- 
 count the Englifti concluded he would be ufcful to 
 them in tlic courfc of their voyage. Before his de- 
 parture he burned the king's fhip with 500 tons of 
 goods on board, to the great fatisfaaion of all lus 
 
 company. , .• 1 <• 
 
 'I hq wind now proving favourable they failed from 
 Californi.i, bending their courfc towards the Ladro- 
 nes, and leaving the Content behind, flic parted com- 
 pany from the fleet, and they proceeded without her, 
 with favourable gales, till the beginning of January, 
 and the 3d day of the month, made one of the iflands 
 called Guarfa, at a fmall diftancc from which a num- 
 ber of the natives came oft" in their canoes, which ap- 
 peared to be conftruiltd with a great deal of art, 
 having images of their idols Handing; at the prows of 
 them. Thefc barks were about feven or eight fa- 
 thoms in length, and about half a fathom wide, their 
 heads and fterns being made alike. They had mafts 
 and fails, the latter ot which were made of mats, in 
 a fquare or.triangular form, and they were able not 
 only to go on before the wind, but alfo to make good 
 their way againft it. The people brought fifli and 
 potatcKs, as alfo plantains, cocoas, and other fruits, 
 for which they took iron and other things in ex- 
 change; but when the Englifli had traflickcd as long as 
 they thought proper, they would not leave them, liut 
 kept fwarming ftill about the ftiip, till one or t>vo 
 of the canoes were run down. The crews, however, 
 favcd thcmfclvcs by fwimming ; as feemcd to be the 
 cafe afterwards, when the admiral ordered his men 
 to fire at them becaufc they would not keep oS\ thefe 
 nimble people efcaping by diving in the fca, into 
 which they would fall backward with great expedition. 
 The men were of an olive complexion, generally of 
 a larger ftaturc than the Europeans, and fomcoftnem 
 wore their hair long, whilft others had it tied with 
 a knot >n the crown, according to each man's parti- 
 cular fancy. 
 
 Departing from hence the Enclifli fcllin with Cabodel 
 Spirito Santo, a cape or iflandat the diftancc of about 
 310 leagues from the ifle of Guana. They found 
 the land aboundiiig in wood, and the inhabitants 
 moftly Pagans. The diftance from Manilla { the 
 chief of the Philippines) was computed at about 60 
 leagues. Manilla was at that time inhabited by be- 
 tween 6and 700 Spaniards, and was well planted, but 
 thefc Spaniards rcfided in an unwalled town that had 
 four block houfes of no great ftrcngth. The place 
 was rich in gold and filver, and had an advantageous 
 traffic with Acapulco, as alfo with China and other 
 parts. 
 
 After pafling a ftreieht between two ifland';, they 
 came to another named Capul, where, as they found 
 the bay convenient, they came to an anchor, and 
 were prefently vifited by a canoe, on board of which 
 was one of tne principal caciques of the phicc, who 
 took them f«r Spaniards, and brought them cocoas 
 and potatoe roots, in exchange for which the ifland- 
 crs received at the rate of a yard of cloth fur four 
 Vol. I. N" 4. 
 
 ^ While they were it anclior here, Nicholas Rodrigo, the 
 Portuguefc whom the Englilh had taken ia the great St. Anna, 
 informed the admiral of a plot laid by a Spaniard, n^med 
 Thomas de Erfola, (whom we have mentioned, tijcy had taken 
 for a pilot) to acquaint the people of Manilla by means of the 
 illander^ where llw fliip now lay, of the atchicTemcnti, dctifnt, 
 and fituationofihe Englilh, advifrngthcin not only to llrengiiien 
 their town, hut to endeavoar to fend a foice to furprife their 
 cnemict at Capul, which he thought might be elfcAed. Tiiis 
 wriiinf; wai laid to be locked up in the Sjraoiard's trunk ; be 
 waa examined, found guilty, and fentenced to be hanecd ; pur> 
 luaot to which fcatencc he was executed on the lith of January 
 
 cocoas, and as much linen for a baflcet of potaloe 1587 
 roots, the quantity of a iiuart ; " which roots, fays ' » ^ 
 our author, arc very go«d eating, and very fwect 
 ither roaft or boiled — a piece of information which 
 our readers at this day do not want j but it is to be 
 obfcrved that potatoes were firlt brought hither from 
 America, and at the period when Captain Cavcndifh 
 made hi* voyage were but little known to the Eng- 
 lifli. Here they were alio fupplieU with hogs and 
 poultry at the lame rate as the Spaniards were accuf- 
 tomed to purchafe them, and remained nine days be- 
 fore the ifland.* 
 
 Thenativcswercofanolivc complexion, tliecloatli- 
 ing (if the men confifted only of a girdle about their 
 waifts, woven with plantain leaves, and a fort ofaproii 
 which coming from their backs covers their nakcd- 
 nefs, being falleiied to their girdles before. I 
 
 The chiefs of this ifland as well as of a valt number Ti^iii^fj ,/ 
 of others whom Cavciidifh had made pay him tribute the illc. lum- 
 in hogs, potatoes, and poultry, weie lummoned onmonul Ny the 
 the 23d day of January, when h.iving fpread his »'''"''*'■ 
 enfign, with the found of drum and trumpet he de- 
 clared himfelf and his people to be Eni^lilhmen and 
 enemies to the Spaniards, and paid them tor all the 
 articles which they had thus brought in, and thefe 
 chiefs highly fatislied, promifed in return all their 
 fervices, in order to alfift them whenever they fliould 
 come again, to annoy and vanquilh their enemies. 
 This piomile was received by the admiral with tokens 
 of t'riendfliip, while the canoes rowed round his fhip 
 by way of diverfion, and a piece was Ibot off at part - 
 ing, which was matter of equal pleafurc and furprili; 
 to thefc friendly people. 
 
 Departing from tlijs place, the Englifli failed along 
 the coaft of Manilla, and in their way chafed a fri- 
 gate, and their boat took a canoe, in which were fix. 
 Indians, who efcaped by diving, and a Spaniard who 
 was made prifoner. Soon after this, about 60 Spanifli 
 foldiers appeared on the neighbouring beach, who 
 from the fliorc exchanged a few fliot with them, but 
 which did no execution. A veflcl was likcwife man- 
 ned to take the boat, but the latter, by the help of 
 her oars, got oflf, and regained the fliip, bringing 
 the Spaniard on board with them, but found him fo 
 fimple a fellow, that they could get little or no intel- 
 ligence from him. 
 
 In the mean time obferving that the Sp-iniards h.td The Englilh 
 judicioufly divided, and properly fla'. oned their fol- dilappcinted 
 diers, the whole place being tho aghly alarmed, •" M*"'"*- 
 after lying all that night at anci- . the admiral gave 
 orders to fet fail, and pafled b iween the two iflands 
 of Panama, and another called the Ifland of Negro'^, 
 which was very large and inhabited by blacks ; they 
 at length gained an opening in a S. S. W. dircitlion. 
 The boat which had gone on before, then coming 
 on board, and thus they ended their dclign upon 
 Manilla.): 
 
 Cavendifli now proceeded on towards Tava, and 
 having pafled the ftreights between Java Minor and 
 Java Major, anchored to the fouth-wcft of the latter, 
 on the til day of March. Here taking fome of the 
 fliips crew into the boat with a negro who could 
 fpeak the Moorifli language, he followed fome of the 
 inhabitants that were hftiing in a bay. They ran on . - . . . 
 fliore at firft for fear of the Englifli, but being called 
 to by the negro, anfwered from the beach. Thefe 
 fiflicrmen he informed that the Englifli were in want 
 of frefli water and vidluals, and were alfo difpofed to 
 M trade 
 
 t Tliey had a flrange cuftom of caufing every mate child to 
 have a jwe thruft through the upper part of hit priritici, the 
 head of which peg had fomething like a crowp cut on it. This ' 
 was inferted in fuch a manner as to be put in and taken out at 
 pleafure. 
 
 X They fet the Spaniard on fhore, by whom the adiairal fenc ' 
 his compliments to the Spanilh commander, defiring him ta 
 provide fdmfclf with a quantity of gold, as he (Cavcndilh) in- ■ 
 tended within a few years to fee him at Manilla, adding, that 
 he only wanted a larger boat| ot he would hare fcea him at , 
 that time. ■ 
 
w 
 
 i* 
 
 THE VOYAGES OF 
 
 IS88 
 
 uide with their king for diamonds or other rich 
 jewels. They received a favourable jiifMcr froin the 
 Afliermcn, ;i« to the article of provlfiuns > and after 
 having furniflird themlclves with wood aiid water, 
 foine raiioc!) broucht them frcfli lifli, oranges, 
 and linir>, gi\ ing them to unde rftand, that if tlicy 
 would bring their fliip nearer, they fhould be more 
 plentifully hirnifhed. Accordingly the admiral weigh- 
 ed anchor, and lluod in ; but in his wny was met by 
 a canoe, fcnt from the king, for which rcafon he Ihort- 
 rncd fail, till the canoe came on board, and afterwards 
 came to anchor again in the hiy. I'his royal boat 
 brought the kings fccretary and his interpreter.* The 
 former was all naked except about his wai(l,abruad arrow 
 was wrought upoa his brcaft i he went barefi»t, but 
 on his heM wore a turban of died filk. He brought 
 tlw admiral, a prefcnt confiding of hens eggs, freih 
 fifls, and a hog, alfo foine fugar canes, ajid a dear 
 wine, as ftrong at aqua vitx. Cavcndifh fcaftcd and 
 entertained him with muflc, and ^avc him to under 
 ftand that he and his men were ot England, and had 
 been trading to China, adding, that they were on 
 their way to the Moluccas, aiid that their bufinefs at 
 Java, was only to make certain necellary enquiries. 
 In return, he learned that the Portuguefc had failitors 
 on the ifland who (tayed there to traffic for fugar, 
 fpices, and many other commodities 
 
 The king fup. " On the 5th at break of day, the wind not permit- 
 P'if*''.", ^"8- ting before, nine of the king of Java's canoes ap- 
 liW ''"*"?">»«••«'* l»^«n with provifions, confifting of two 
 
 oxen, ten hogs, a vaft quantity of hens, ducks, and 
 geefei befidcseggs, fu^r, cocoas, bitter limes, fwect 
 oranges, with wme, lalt, and other articles. With 
 thefe canoes came fomc of the king's officers. There 
 were likewilc two Portuguefe, drelTed in loofe jer- 
 kins and liofe, having on line lawn fliirts, but their 
 legs entirely bare. Thcfe people being ill affe^cd 
 towards the Spaniards, who held their kingdom in 
 poflcifion, enquired much concerning Don Antonio, 
 whom, as we have al ready obfervcd,the £ ngl ifli h.id a de- 
 fisn of placing on the throne of Portugal, which delign 
 inifcarried partly Iw the ill condutt of Sir Francis 
 Drake. Cfavendifh informing them that his queen 
 was a firm friend to the king of Portugal, and enu- 
 merating his own exploits undertaken under her 
 aufpiccs againft the Spaniards, they were highly 
 pleafed with thcfe tidings, and freely communi- 
 cated to the admiral all that they knew relative to 
 the policy, manners, and cuftoms of the kingdom 
 of Java, the fubftance of which account was to the 
 following purport : 
 
 That the country was fertile, abounding in frui:.; 
 at well as thenecelTaries of life, and that itscommodi- 
 ties were well calculated for foreign commerce. That 
 the king of that part of the ifland was called the Raja 
 Balamboan, and was a perfon highly feared and le- 
 fpeAed by his fubje6)s. Without his licence the com- 
 mon people duril not bargain or deal for any thingwith 
 the people of another nation, on pain ofdeatli. T'hey 
 faid that the Raja himfelf was a man advanced in 
 years, but entertained no lefs than 100 wives — his 
 fon and heir having 50. At the king's death it was 
 cuftomary to burn his body and prefcrve the afhes : 
 five days after this ceremony, the wives were fum- 
 moned to a particuly place, where the principal one 
 throwing a ball, wherever it fell they ufed to go all 
 together, each having a dagger readjr, then turning 
 to the eaft, they finilned the folemnity by ftabbine 
 thcmfelves,and, falling flat on tlieir faces, thus reocived 
 their death. As to the people ; the men were obfcrved 
 to be of a fuhtle genius, and moft dcfperate in fight, 
 ready to go on any entcrpf ife, cominandcd by their 
 king, who generalljr put them to dcat^ if tiiey return- 
 pi without accompliihing his commands, If wounded 
 
 ■ Our author fayt, " the fecrctary to tSe king and hit intcr- 
 prctcr lay one night on board our (bip : the fame oivhi, bcciufc 
 thty lay 00 hoariT, in the evening, at the Catiag of the watch, 
 our gcMMt commanded t»iry man on hoard the fliip to proTiHc 
 lilt hsxiuebiili and liUfliMi andfo^ with fltooiing oA'ao or 50 
 
 raa. 
 
 in battle, they were ofttn l>iiowii w fu« »ii>flii llie 
 weapon which hurt iIumh, lel'olvoJ on cuiiqiielt ur im- 
 mediate death. Tlu' women were lair, ;uij nut with- 
 out a|iparel, but the mm went niulUy uAid, ;jid 
 wercot a tawny coniple.xiun. 
 
 Having entertained iheti: Portuguefc in the aioik 
 friendly manner, who arc faid tu liave luld him that 
 if Don Antonio would cuiiie aniunj' them, tlieic wa» 
 no doubt oi' his having ull the iNluluecas .liid the 
 Phillippinc iliaiidsi they were dilinilRd witJi u i'Autf 
 of ordnance, and the Knulilh failed on the ibth itf 
 march, for jhe Cape of Ciuod Hope. " The rctt of 
 March (lays .Mr. Prcttie) we Ipe'iit in travcifin^ that 
 mighty and vafi fca between the ifland Javaaiid the nuii| 
 of Atrica, ufallrving the heavens, tiie cruiiers or ttie 
 fouth pole, the other Itars, the fowl$, whieli aic marks 
 unto teamen of fair and foul weather, appruichiiig of 
 lands or iflands, the winds, the tempelts, tlic raiiis, uud 
 thunder, with the alterations of tides and currents." 
 On the 10th of May they met with a violent iioriii( 
 afterwards they faw land, which thcv took for the 
 Cape of Good Hojie, but which proved to be another 
 cape between furty ajid fifty leagues iliort of it, wJiieb 
 is called Cabo Falfu, or Cape Falfe j ajid it was not til) 
 the i6lh thatthey came in view of the extremity of the 
 African continent, after having been niue wcektiii theit 
 courfe from the ifland of Java. Havinz doiihled the 
 cape, they held on their courfe, and on uie 8th oi the CivwiHa tr- 
 furceeding month, they miide St. Helena, where lUt jy.J! /" " 
 admiral canu: to an anchor in 12 fathom water, on the 
 NW. fide of the ifland, on the c^th, about um. ijixho 
 afternoon, two or three cables length from the fhoiv. 
 'Fhe writer of the voyage gave the following uixiuinc 
 of the ftate wherein he found it in the year 158S. 
 
 " This ifland (fays he} is very high lujid, an4 
 lieth in the main fea, flanding, as it were, in tlie 
 midll of the fea, between the main laiid of Ai'rica,. 
 the main of Brafil, and thceail of (luinea ; it lies in 
 15 ' 48" to the fouthward of the equinoctial line, .inJ 
 is dijlant from the cape of liuena Efpcranza between 
 five and fix hundred leagues. 
 
 " The fame day, about two or tkree o'clock in tlio 
 afternoon, wc went on ihore, wlierc we found ait 
 exceeding fair and pleafant valley, wherein divers 
 handfome buildings and houfes were fct up, and oua. 
 particularly, which was a church, was tiled and 
 whitened on the outfide very fair, and mad« with a, 
 porch i and within the church, at the upper cod, was 
 jet au altar, whereon Itood a very large tabic fet Ln u 
 frame, having in it the picture of our Saviour Chrilt 
 upon the crois, and the image of our Lady praying, 
 with divers other hiftories, curioufly painted iu thit 
 fame. The fides of the church were hung round 
 with ftaioed cloths, having devices drawn on them. 
 'I here are two houfes adjoining to the church, on 
 each fide one, which fervc for kitchens to drcfs meat 
 in, with necefliiry rooms and houfes of office. I'Jic ' 
 coverings of the faid houfes are made flat, where i« 
 planted a very fair vine, and thiough both the laid 
 houfes runneth a very ^(ood and wholefomc ftrcam of ^ 
 frefli water. There is alio over againlt the church a 
 very fair caufcway, made up with liones, rcachijij^ . 
 unto a valley by the fea fide, in which valley is f 
 plantcdagarden, wherein grow pompions and melons i - 
 and upon the fide caufeway is a frame ercdcd, where- 
 on hang two bells, wherewith they rii\s to inafs i ' 
 an-J near to it a crofs is fet up, which is fquarcJ, 
 framed, and made very artificially of free ((one, 
 whereon is carved in cyphers what time it was built, 
 \vhich was in the year of our Lord, 1571. 
 
 " Tills valley is the faired and largcll low plat in 
 all the ifland, and is exceeding fwctt and plealaiir, 
 and pianttJ in every place, either with fruit or wirh 
 herbs. There are fig-tre«s which bear fruit con- . 
 
 tinually ' 
 
 fmall Dial and a facte, himfcU let ;lic watili." This wa< na 
 finall wonder to tliefc heathen \ttufW, who had not caminoiiljr 
 kta aay liip (n tutnillieil with neu a-.d uidaance. The next 
 morcinp wc difminM t'" fKrcary anil hit uiuiptctar viiih 
 
 great lamiaity." 
 
CAPTAIN CAVENDISH. 
 
 39 
 
 tinually .inJ vftt pUntifiilly j for on nxry trc 
 may lee hluflbm>, gii-en Kgn, and ripe figs ;ill nt 
 
 ' tree you 
 _ 1 at once, 
 
 and' it is fo ill the year loiij; : the rvalbri is, that the 
 ifland (tandethro near the lun. There is alio great (tore 
 of lemon trees, orange trees, pomegranate trees, pom;- 
 citron trees, and U.iic trees, which bear fruit as tlic fig 
 trees do, and are planted carefully, and very artificiullv, 
 with pleafant wiillcs under urid between them ; and the 
 fald walks arc ovei-ftiadowcd with the leaves of the 
 trees ; and in every void place is planted, parfley, for- 
 Tel, bafil, fennel, annifeed, muftanl-fecd, radifhcs, 
 and many very good herbs. The frcfh-water broolt 
 runneth through divers places in this orchard, and 
 may with very fmall pains be made to water any one 
 tree in the valley. This frc(h water ftrcam comcth 
 from the tops of the mountains, and falleth from the 
 cliff into the valley the height of a cable } and hath 
 many arms ifTuing out of it, that refttih the whole 
 ifland, and almoft every tree in it. The ifland is al- 
 together high mountains and fteep valleys, except it 
 be on the tops of fome hills, and down below in fomc 
 of the vallies, where great plenty of all thofe fruits 
 before fpoken of do grow. There is much more 
 growing on the tops of the mountains than below in 
 the vaflies ; but it is very toilfome and dangerous 
 travelling up unto them and down anin , by reafon 
 of the height and fteepnefsof the hills. 
 
 " There are alfo upon this ifland great (lore of par- 
 tridges, which are very tame, not making any great 
 haftc to Ay away, though one come very near them, 
 but only run away and get up into the fteep cliffs ) 
 we killed fome of them with a fowling piece ; they 
 diH«r very much from our partridges which are in 
 England, both in bignefs and alfo in colour, for they 
 are almoft as big as hens, and are of an afh colour, 
 and live in covies, twelve, fixteen and twenty toge- 
 ther ; you cannot go ten or twelve fcore paces but 
 you (hall fee or fpring one or two covies at the leaft. 
 
 " There are likewife no lefs plenty of pheafants in 
 the ifland, which are alfo very big and fat, furpafEng 
 thofe which are in our country in bignefs and in num- 
 bers in a company ; they differ not very much in co- 
 lour from the partridges hefore fpoken of. We found, 
 moreover, on this ifland, plenty of Guinea cocks, 
 which we call turkeys, of a colour bkck and white, 
 with red heads i they are much tlie fame in bignefs 
 with ours in England ; their eggs are white, and as 
 big as our turkejrs egg. 
 
 ** There are in this ifland thoufands of goats, 
 which the Spaniards call cabritos, which are very 
 wild. You Ihall fee one or two hundred of them to- 
 gether, and fometimes you may fee them go in a flock 
 almoft a mile long ; fome of them (whether it be the 
 nature of the breed of them or of the country, I 
 know not) are as big as an afs, with a mane like a 
 horfe, ana a beard hangincr down to the very ground : 
 they will climb up the cliffs, which are fo fteep, that 
 a man would think it impoffible that any living crea- 
 ture could go there. We took and killed many of 
 them for all their fwiftnefs, for there are thousands of 
 them upon the mountains. Here are, in like man 
 ncr, great ftore of fwine, which are very wild and 
 f.it, and of great bignefr; they keep altogether upon 
 the mountains, and will very feldom abide iny man 
 to come near them, except it be by mere chance, 
 when they are found afleep, or otherwife according 
 to tlieirkind, are taken l3nng in the mire. 
 
 " We found in the houles at our comin?, three 
 flnves who were negros, and one who was oom in 
 tlie ifland of Java, who told us that the Eaft Indian 
 flt>«, ^rhich were in number five fiiil, the leaft 
 \\ hereof was in buiden eight or nine hundred tons, 
 (laden with fpices 4ind calicut cloth, with ftore of 
 trc:iiure, aiui very rich ftores and |icarls) were gone 
 from the faid iflaiM, St. Helena, but twenty days be- 
 fore wc came thither. 
 
 • Th« vf.TvK were ih« Leiccntr, cofflmanileH bv the idmiral ! 
 lilt I<KbiK;ii,Ci{>tala Cocke, vice idmiitl j #i('Derire, Cipt. 
 
 IS8» 
 
 This ifl.ind.was found long ago by the Portu- 
 ttuelc, and hath been altoyi'llier pliinttd hy them for 
 tneir refreftimcnl as they come, from tlie Kaft-Jrulivi. ; 
 and when they come, lliey haw all thing), in pkiity 
 for their relief, by reafon they fuft'er none to inhalut 
 there, that might cit up the produce of the ifland, ex- 
 cept fome very few ficic jwrfons of their cimipany, 
 whom they fulpefl will not live until they come hume ; 
 thefe they leave there to refrefh themlllvL's, and take* 
 them.iway the year fcl lowing with the otiier fleet, it' 
 they live fo long. They tcuch here rather in their 
 coming home frora the Knft Indies, than at their guiiij; 
 thither, becaufu they arc thoroughly furnilhcd witli 
 corn whin they fct out from Portugal j but arc meanly 
 viAualled at their coming from the Indies, where 
 there groweth but little corn. The wind is ruin- 
 monly olf the ftiorc at this ifland of St. Helena." 
 
 St. Helena now belongs to the Englilh ; and it is 
 to be obferved, that in fume relpcdls it dues not now 
 anfwer the above dcfcription ; neither is corn pro.? 
 duccd in the ifland, as will be noticed in the cuurfe of 
 the voyages to the Eaft Indies. The crew having re- 
 frefliea themfelvcs, and taken in wood and water at 
 this ifland, of which they had conceived fo good an 
 opinion, and which by its fituation muft generally 
 prove agreeable to mariners after fu long a voyage, fee 
 fail on tne 20th of June, ftcering dirc£iTy homewards. 
 They paflcd the cquinodlial line in the beginning of 
 July, and after lying becalmed from the 12th tillthe 
 15th of the fame month, failed before a conftant north 
 eaft wind to the latitude of 38° N. They afterwards 
 came in view of Flores and Corvo, and failing from 
 thence for England, after weathering a violent ftorm, 
 arrived fafc at Plymouth on the 9th of September.— 
 
 Thus Cavendifliaccompliflicd his voyage round the 
 world, in the courfe of which, like Drake, he did 
 much mifchief to the Spaniards, taking and deftroy.- 
 ing a number of their veflcls, and keeping the Ame- 
 rican coafts in a continued alarm. This was the inoft 
 fortunate voyage of that adventurer, who brodehc 
 home a conUderable treafure. Nevcrthelels wc nnd 
 him in 1591, engaged in another undertaking of the 
 fame nature, from whence he promifcd himfeff much, 
 but which, from a variety of concurring tircum- 
 ftances, he found in the event, not at all anfwerable 
 to hi* expe£btions. 
 
 Haying colleAed together fome of the ablcft com-c,vcn<li(l»'8 
 manders, and a company of the ftouteft mariners of fecoml vovags 
 the times, all things being prepared, they departed t" >)>« Sou'iU 
 from Plymouth with two large ftiips, and three barks* *"'• 
 on the 26th of Auguft, holaini; on their courfe to- 
 wards the Brafilian coaft, .ind fell in with the bay of 
 Salvador, on the 29th of November, after having 
 been becalmed 27 days near the equinodial line, a cir- 
 cumftance which probably contributed not a little to 
 the difficulties and misfortunes that afterwards at- 
 tended this unhappy expedition. 
 
 In a veflcl which die admiral took in his way, lis 
 found nothing worth his trouble ; except a friar that 
 had hid himlclf in a meal tub ; but the pilot of that 
 veflel informed the Englifli of their diituncc from 
 Cape Frio, and from Santos. At an ifland called 
 Placer.tia, they afterwards landed and plundered 2 
 few Portuguefc houl(:s, and before their arrival at 
 Santos, the crew began to Ihew fuch a diforderly dil'iKi- 
 fition, as gave hut an ill preface of their futuie fuccefs. 
 
 However, they determined to make an attack on 
 the laft mentioned town, the Portugucfc having in- 
 0>rmed them that it was but weakly defended. On 
 this account alio, the commander iudged that the long- 
 boat and fliallop properly m.-inned, would be of fuf- 
 ficicnt ftrensjth to undertake tlie bufinefs ; but his 
 men being all eager alike for plunder, it caufed a very 
 warm dil'pute u|>on this point, as only an hundred 
 men were ordered to make the afTault. 
 
 Cavendiih however found meaas to appeafe this dif- 
 
 turbance, 
 
 0«vi« rear aJiriral ; the Utiaty, Capt. Caffen, anil a liatk i.\]]f.\ 
 ibe BUck Piniicc. 
 
THE VOYAOES OK 
 
 i$9z 
 
 C.1 n>li(h 
 
 Sireiirhts c)t 
 Mightllaii. 
 
 turtuiicf, anJ thf dL-fign, which wan wtli I'-', vji 
 M luckily cxrcuCcd ; lor .1 p.irty of Etiglifli landing 
 while the Pmtujjuel'e were .it malj, there wu« little re- 
 fiftaiiCf i thcilc that had arin« being obliged to deliver 
 Ihcm, ind the conqiuror* keeping litem prirnncrs till 
 
 Uais buiios. ,(,^. J^.^^ pf tilt ir company came up. There were liimc, 
 however, in the town who retired andbe(>x)k thcinftlvcs 
 ti) flight, with whatever money or proinrty ihey were 
 able to Cccuic * i ncverlhi lelV, IwCidcn fueiirii, mc»l, 
 :ind othfr provi(inn<, they found (nine gold and filver 
 h^re, which was moft greedily liii. .ht alter in fccret 
 pi lies by the plunderer>. As to the prifuners, they 
 were all difchaiged the day alter the town waj taken, 
 excipt a lew (it tnc principal perfon-., f who were re- 
 tained as pledgi'* for the farther f'..pp|ieH of neced'arics 
 while the Ijiglifh reaiaiiied in polielTian. And after 
 n ftay of two niontlis (which leenis to have been an 
 imprudent walle of time) the admiral refolvrd to de- 
 part, fo drrtroying many of the larger mills Iictwcrn 
 Santos amis. \' lucent, and having burned the latter, 
 the Dret tailed out of the harbour on the 24th of Ja- 
 nirary. 
 
 Oiree'lrni, their courfe towards the Streiglits of Mag- 
 hcll.in, a haiJgale arofon the 7th nf Febrnaiy, when 
 
 He cnict. tlie,[,^,y ^yj.^g ^^.j,^ jfjj. |.j^,^,, \>l^^^.^ i„„| jncreafal by the 
 
 8th to- a moll horrible tcnipelf, in which the fleet was 
 feparattd ; but it being cencrally underllood that Port 
 Delirc (hould be the renJciious in cafe of I'uch an ac- 
 cident, (thouiih it is difputed whether the admiral 
 ever gave liich an oru...-) asC-ptain Davis in the De- 
 fire, had met with Cocke in the Roibiick .it fea, and 
 afterwards with tile Black i'mnate, | tlafo velFels 
 made that port, after having with great difficulty 
 weathered the ftorm abovemcntioned. And being 
 thui met ac.iin, having relrelhed the iiiin at this 
 port, they failed on the twenty -cii;hth ilay of March, 
 Cavendrm himfelf, according to Jane'.- account, hav- 
 ing ftiifted from the iidmiral's fhip, and come on board 
 Captain Davis, with whom he continued till they en- 
 tered the Streights. 'I"hev were a confiderable time 
 detained beatinj oft' Port l''aiTiine, and when at laft 
 they doubled the Cape, they were ke|)t about eight 
 days in that port, and forced to fubflK on mufclcs and 
 what fruits they could find, as the natives, whom 
 fhiv fometimes faw, were not able to fupply them with 
 anv thin;: bflter. AVhilc they were on their paflagc 
 through theic llui ;his they, like many other voyagers 
 to tliofe partscxperioMCcdas much inconvenience from 
 cold as from want of provifions. One Knivxt, who 
 afterwards pafl'ed through a It ries of ftrange aiNenturcs, 
 lo({ (everal of his toes by the inclemency of the wea- 
 ther .It Port Famine; and we find it related, that in 
 the midft of this bad weather, and while the pjilTagc 
 rem.iimd doubtful, all the fick men belonging to ihu 
 Leicefter, vsrrc fet on fhore in the woods, while the 
 admiral reni.iined onboard the Defirc; a circumftancc 
 which everyone mirfl own to be Diocking to hum.inity. 
 The difiiculties which they had met with in thisat- 
 tfmpt, the incapacity of the fbips to proceed, and 
 every other concurring circuniftancc, occafioned the 
 univcrfal voice of the mariners to be in favour of rc- 
 l;4rnin'j' fo thecoaft of Brafil, infteadof purfuingany 
 •11. 'tawji'iL '•"■''''•■'' ■'"•■ intended voyage to the South Sea, on whicn 
 tic IJuliliaii the admir.U's heart had been let ; and he was therefore 
 t »:;. obliged to yield to ihofe whom he deemed a muti- 
 
 nous company, and on the 1 5th of May they fet fail, in 
 <irdcr to repafs the ftrcights, the admiral having re- 
 turned to his own vcfl'cl. 
 
 A^ China was an objci^ of this voyage, it is faid 
 
 Hjr.lft'i'-. eii' 
 
 tl.ll L'll tlitlC. 
 
 * The need in which tl:c En^Ilfli fioo<l of provilions, fvcmcd 
 to have Li-tri the principal motive for this undertaking ; hut 
 according to Ionic accounts, Captain Cocke was (o negligent, 
 thir lie lutlcrLd ilie Indians to carry out what the inluhitams 
 4-ouIil nut lute Itcnud, lo that when Cav-cndiOi liimfcll came 
 en ihoie, ci^'iit 01 ten days afterwards, tl.ib circuniftancc oliliKcd 
 liiin to cndciv(.\;i ^cttinf^ by intrcaty wliat Iwforc lift had in Iiis 
 puwei, and, after i'!, inif-cnihark without the very tliin^b for 
 ilie hike t>l which I.l liad cnulcd the town to be furprifcd. As 
 Harris ol'icivt--, tt.ar the Indians were very frieodiy to the new 
 c»mct', lo it 1I I'oM'.'j!-: iiut the furmct found mean; ilius to 
 
 that the cnmnuuidcr llill deemed it not in.pi'fliblf 
 
 for him to put hin delign in execution, tliiiiking to 
 
 fiiil thither by «ay of the Cape of CiochI Hope ; yet 
 
 here loo he was over- 1 ulcd by the rtlblutiun ut the 
 
 marinern, and accuidingly IIimhI lor the llrulilian 
 
 v'laft. But on the 20th of May the Dtlirc and the _ . 
 
 black pinnaiv were feparatcd from him, which ''Pa- |io',|j|',,i',',, , 
 
 ration Cavendrlh ihargcH upon Capt. Davis, L'ut,|,c a,|„,,,^:, 
 
 other accounts lay it upcjii the admiral's having aliereil 
 
 his courfe, and give a circuniltaiilial detail of the 
 
 matter, the fiibltaucu of which we havo fubjoiiitd in 
 
 its proper place. 
 
 Not loitg after, the Lcicetlcr hid the Rot buck in 
 a (form, and :.ut without much difficulty rcachid the 
 harbour of St. Vincent, where fomc of ihe fliip't 
 company, being peiluadtd by an Indian, got per- 
 miflloD lo go on Ihore, to the iiunibt r of 30, iicgleit- 
 mg the advice of their commander nut to trull thvni- 
 felves too far up the country, were attacked by Ijo 
 Portuguefc and ^co favauei, wi mallacad to a man, 
 the Indian only returning with the tiding.*, whole 
 iiuelligince relative to the provifions to be got in the 
 country, had led them into this fatal error, fome 
 wouivds that he had received in the lonfliii) bcarin|{ 
 tellimony to hi.s honcfty and to their imprudence. 
 
 As the admiial had thus loll 30 nun and his boat 
 befides, he had great reafon to regret this accident, 
 he had however the good fortune to take an old boat 
 from the PortHguelir, which made fome fmall aincndu 
 for his lolv ; but what more contributed to comfort 
 him was the appearance of ihc Koebuck in this bay i ji . y , . 
 yet on examination, he found her in Au.h a (hatteiedf„y„,|, 
 condition that lie could not ar that time vxpciit much 
 affiltancc from fuch aconCurt. 
 
 He Dill ardently wifhed tor an op|M>rtunity to 
 revenge himfelf upon the Portugucfe, but as on the 
 Urafilian coall the harbours arc niotily .barred, fo as 
 not to admit any vcflcis of burden, fo he found that 
 a defign he entertained of battering the town could 
 not be accompliflied, and ail that was in the power 
 of the Englifh was todetlroy a few farm-houfcs. 
 
 The Portuguefc next propofed to the admiral the 
 taking or battering of tne town of Spirito Santo, '-"''^j''''','' 
 but he was not able to bring the Ihips over the bar,^ jji^ *^*' 
 and they had thoughts of Jcpartir.g, when they dif-Sanio. 
 covered three (hips at anchor near the town, which 
 the admiral propolcU cutting out in the night. His 
 advice was not followed then, but over-ruled by the 
 murmurs of his men. The next day, however, they 
 infiltcd on being fcnt to do what was then become 
 impoffible. Approaching with their two crazy boats 
 in the face of the enemy, and landing to attack the 
 town, whence they were tired on, they were rc- 
 pulfed with difgrace, two thirds of them were flain, 
 together with Captain Morgan, who was fcnt to 
 head them, and whom they forcitd to proceed in this 
 dcfpcratc ciitcrprifc. All thnfc that returned brought 
 back nothing but unprofitable v'ounds, as the reward 
 of their ra(hnefs,§ 
 
 Cavendifli leaving this place, failed for the i(land.|'|,; Rutin - 
 of St. Sebaftian, and in his way thither, the Koc-a^ain part^ 
 buck II which he had fu lately regained, voluntarily ciini|iany u.-i: 
 parted from him ia the night, talcing away both thch<<i<' 
 furgeons, and above double the proportion of victu- 
 als necetlary lor the 46 men that flie had on board. 
 
 Notwithtlanding all this, yet Cavendiih had not 
 laid afide his purpuTe of returning to the ftreights ; 
 but at it may eafily be imagined, this ihip's crew who 
 were never highly pleafcd with the projettl, now put 
 
 a down- 
 
 And a'lo 
 
 1. 'I 
 
 ■ 
 
 Uoih'i.,, 
 
 
 H Tlic I'nrru 
 
 ■ I'U.lcklll 
 
 ^M nU'ii!.L-i ot 
 
 The crew 
 . ountila.'ts 
 Uic adniil.i 
 dJ.K-i. 
 
 Account of 
 
 rtieii diltu'tl 
 l-iuAtion .ii)t 
 vuyai^c ic 
 ^land. 
 
 deceive ilie laner, under the raalk of frienilAip> and afierwirilt 
 to iiialtc a merit of fupplying them with part ot wliu tlicy had 
 before taken away. 
 
 + Jane tayi onlv foi».' poor old men were kept as hoflage?. 
 
 t Tlie other pinnace (the Dainty) niMlathe b<l> of her way 
 to I£n);land, leaving her captain on Iwaid the Roebuck, the 
 crew lakinK with luein all ine pravifions, and even his wear- 
 ing; appircl. 
 
 i He left So men, and had 40 WOiTndtd lA this attack. 
 
 anc fays the iiicD expected that h: intended tu burc ttut 
 
 flJi 
 veircf. 
 
CAPTAIN CAVENDISri, 
 
 4« 
 
 , Ami tVa tl4 
 
 Tlic I'ortu- 
 
 iijinl'ti i)t It 
 men. 
 
 Tl.i: iicw 
 < i)unui4> U 
 ilicNtlnni:)!'} 
 tlvfiiei. 
 
 ;TU- KocU.k 
 
 Account of 
 
 ilieiidillica 
 ltu.i:ion niitl 
 \t>vaf^c tc "n 
 
 A (lownrigtit iir^atlv(! upon the rcfoliition. Thrralcn- 
 iii^s were vain, uiul he iiiiiM have hut little to pro- 
 milut l<> w.is uiulii .1 iicccflity ol uhiindnniiiu hit (u- 
 vouritc rrhrnie, and lln'rin^ towards St. .Schalliiui, 
 200 liai'ucs tn tlir vviitwaril ol Spirito Santo, when 
 lie had no nuiri' ili.in one calk of water loft. 
 
 Bchi^ U'paraiul lioin the I'ortut^ui'fe at ihii ifland 
 6l>ly li) a Cinall irctk, :ind luCpiciou'i of his own 
 pinplo, hi was ii\ the nviH dillri(»rul filuation that 
 coiilil iK'imi.'.iiiid.and, as to the fornuT (Ud on as it is 
 laid h) an Inlhinan Klonninn to his (hip) tlicyiamc 
 over one night and killed and iiKik pril'uners a iiuniher 
 . <if his ni< II, molt >f wlioiu were lick and wounded, 
 and tlion leiirinL":, left parliis of Indians, Co difpoCed 
 nin<)ni;ll the trees and liulhes that they were per|)C- 
 tually annoying; the remains of the EngliCh, that they 
 were forced to depart before they had takfd in (o 
 much wood and water as was deemed ncceriiiry for 
 their voyai^e. 
 
 Thisiittle remnant Co muchdreadcd their command- 
 er's dcfigri of returning to the flreights of Ma^^hellan, 
 tliat having overlhut St. Helena, they could not be 
 perfuadcd (for the admiral feems to have loll all com- 
 mand) toticcr thecoall to the fouthward, but inlWled 
 on failing direiitly to England, whither as it appears, 
 he never llyed to return. • 
 
 As the commander complained much of the condudt 
 of Captain Davis, of the iJefire, li) were nut the ca))- 
 tain and crcsv of that velUl in general backward in 
 jullifying themftlvcs from the imputation. And 
 (ince the reailer may be curious to know what befel 
 her after her fepaiation, we have heie (et down the 
 principal events extrailed from one who wrote a re- 
 gular account of the voyage. 
 
 After hnvini.^ related, journal-wifi.', all that palled 
 till their entrance into the Itreights of Maghidlan, 
 he proceeds to obferve, Thnt alter having doubled 
 '■Cape Froward on the i8th of April, Mr. Cavendilli 
 being on board the Uefire, the ihips were forced h\ 
 the fury of the dorm to put into a little rove, about 
 four leagueb from the cape, where they h.id continual 
 tcmpefts, and fnow, »'•'', their men died of coid and 
 famine, and the Tick ere put on (horr, as we have 
 already feen. '• In thefe great extremities of cold 
 and fnow (he adds) Mr. ( avendilh afked our cap- 
 tain's opinion, becaufe he was a man that hud good 
 experience of the N. W. parts, in his three fevcral 
 difcovcries that way, when cmployetl by the merchants 
 of London. Our captain told him that this fnow was 
 a matter of no long continuance, and gave him fuf- 
 ficient reafon for it, and that thereby lie could not 
 much be prejudiced or hurt in his proceeding. Not- 
 withllanding he called together all the company, and 
 told them, that he purpofcd not to Hay in the 
 ftreights, but to depart upon fome other voyage, or 
 e!fc to return a^ain for Brafil : but his refolution was 
 to go for the Cape of Good Ho^. The company 
 aniwcred, that if it plcafed him, they did dcfire to 
 flay God's favour for a wind, and to endure all hard- 
 nefs [hardfhip] whatfoever, rather than to give over 
 the voyage, confldering they had been here but a 
 fmall time ; and becaufe they were within 40 leagues 
 of the South Sea, it grieved them now to return j 
 notwithftanding, whatever he ordered, that they 
 would perform. So ho concluded to go for the Ca|>e 
 of Good Hope, and to give over this voyage. Then 
 C'lr captain, after Mr. Cavcndifh was come on board 
 the Defire, from talking with the company, told him, 
 that if it pleafed him to confider the great extrtriity 
 of his fituation, the Henderneis of his provifions, with 
 the weakncfs of his men, it was no courfc for him 
 to proceed in that new enterprife. — For if the reft of 
 your (hips (faid he) be furnilhcd anfwcrablc to this. 
 
 Vol. I. N's. 
 
 ■» In lilt letter to Sir Trinraiii Gor||;ei, which wa> ivritten 
 not lon^ before iiit deccafr, after mcntioniiii; the death of a eou- 
 fin uf hia, he fay>, <• What with Ids grief occanoned by tint 
 event, and the continual trouble endured among fuch hell- 
 hounds, (hisfliip's crew) I wi<hed tnyfrif upon any defart place 
 in ilia world, there to die, rather than ihua btfelv to return home 
 *K«tai which courlc 1 had put in cxcculivn, had I found an 
 
 it ii impoflible for you to peiform vour dcteriruiiation, 
 lor we h.-.vc no more faiU than malls, no viiiliiaU, n > 
 ground tackling, no cordage more than is nverheaJ, 
 and among 7; |icrfons, there is but the nialUr alone 
 that can Older the (hip, and but 14 l.iilors ) th« nit 
 arc gtntltmei), fcrving-men, and aitiHccrs ; there- 
 fore It will he a defpcrute cafe to take fo hard an en- 
 terprife ill hand. riiefe perlualions did our captain 
 not only life to Mr. Cavendilh, but alio to Mr. 
 Cocke. In hue, upon u pttition delivered in writ- 
 
 "5> 
 
 ing, by the ihicf of llie whole comp.my, to the gene- 
 
 treigh 
 Maj^hellan, ami tn return again for Santos in Urafil." 
 
 ral. 
 
 he determined to depart out uf the freights of 
 
 And .iceurdiiigly, we find that they let fail on the 
 i;tli, Cavendilh being then in the Defire, but on 
 the 20th they parted from him, after he had gone 
 again on board the Leiccller, of whole crew he 
 <wue had fo ill an opinion, that he declared he wa> 
 inclined to Hay in the Defire. — Uf the feparation, 
 which the admiral deemed to be wilful, we have the 
 following account ; " That being athwart of Port 
 Defire, in the night as they fiippof(;d, the general 
 lleered his courfc," and thus he was loll ; " For (adds 
 he) ill the evening he Ihwid clofe by a wind to fea- 
 ward, having the wind N.N.W. and we (landing 
 the fame way, the wind not altering, could not on 
 the next day fee him ; li> that we then jKrfuaded our- 
 fclves that he was gone for Port Defire to relieve hiiii- 
 Itlf, or that he ha.l fuftercd fome mifchance at fea, 
 and was gone thither to remedy it." This being the 
 gelK ral opinion, notAithllanding they had no boat nor 
 anchors, nor cnbles fit to truft to, they went thither. 
 There tluy .irrivctl on the 20fh of May, and fuffered 
 many difTiculties ; though they were fomcwhat relieved 
 by j.;etting iood frtfli water uiiexpeftedly, and lived on 
 mullels and fmelts, in order to prcferve their provi- 
 fions. While they lay there, the author tells us, that 
 " the general having in their (hip two pcftilcnt fel- 
 lows, who had entered into a plot to murder the 
 captain, and mailer, and their friends, into which 
 they had drawn the reft of the company, he adds« 
 " I'here were marks taken in his cabin how to kill 
 him with muf(|uets through t'ne fhip's fide, and bullets 
 made ot filver for the execution." — But as fgon as 
 the boatfwain heard of this plot, he difcovcrcd it tci 
 the mafter, and fo it came to the captnin ; yet James 
 Parker and Edward Smith, the two leaders of this in- 
 tended mutiny were punilhed only with admonitions ; 
 and as it appeared that the fource of the mifchief was 
 derived from a re'.blution, of the captain to take the 
 pinnace, and go in fearch of the admiral, when he 
 ibund that the ihip's company v/ere all moll violently 
 bent againft the undertaking, he dcfifted, giving them 
 good words for their bad, and concluded T«is contro- 
 vcrfy with Parker and Smith, by faying, " The Lord 
 judge between you and me — which, fays the author, 
 came to a moft fharp revenge, even by the punifii- 
 ment of the Almighty." After this the captain defir- 
 iiig they v*'ould fet their hands to an account of their 
 lofing tlic admiral, and of the extremities to which 
 they were redu.-eil, they agreed to the propofal, in 
 conlequcncc of which a paper was drawn up in the 
 following words : 
 
 " The teftimonial of the crew of the Defire, touch- 
 ing the lofing of their general, which appeareth 
 to have been utterly againft their meanings. 
 
 " The 26th of Auguft, 1591, we whofe names 
 arc here underwritten, with divers others, departed 
 from Plymouth, under Mr. Thomas Cavendifli our 
 general, with four ftiips of his, viz. The Leiixfter, 
 the Roebuck, the Defire, and the Black Pinnace, for 
 the performance of a voyage into the South fea. [Af- 
 N ter 
 
 ■Hand which the chaitt make to be eight degrees to the fouth- 
 ward nf the line. I fwcartoyou I Tcught it with diliKcocc, 
 mcaninc (if I had found it) there to have ended my uusrtu* 
 ■ate lite. But God fuffered not fuch happiacfa to luthc upon 
 me ; for I could liy do meant find it j lo wu forcta to comt 
 toward! England." 
 
4* 
 
 THE V () V A f} E S OF 
 
 r?i)» '" ri't.ipiiiil.ifiii' ihtf iliiif fventi thm luil liapprncd 
 — ,r— ' ill their iiuirlf, ilu- mi-niornl proceni' ihii» | On ihc 
 IlK of M.iv, bciiiK attiw.irt o( I'ori Defirc, ^b lrigii« 
 ort the ftmrt, tin- wiiul tlun mn .1 r.iU .inJ by north, 
 at tur ot the rlnik «t nif-hf, wi- liulilinlv fall .iboiit, 
 Iwn'X noiili-ra(>, tl«' Wii-'t tullowin^' tlic ailiiiir.il, our 
 iliip Voriiitig umlrr Iiih Iiv, (hot j-hrnil of him, .iiul to 
 Crjintil l.iil fit in kfi'p oMiip.my. I'll'' niflit wc wi rr 
 lirvrrcil, hv wh.\t occ ilioii wi- know not, whilhcrwc 
 M\ ihriii or tiny its In the niorning wi' only f;iw 
 tlir Hl.ick I'limicr, thin luppolln^ the .Klmir:il h;i<l 
 ovviflicit ii<. All thu (liiv Wf (looil ii> ihr i;illwjrJ, 
 liopiiitf til liiiil him, bccatile it w,i» mil likrlv he IhcpiiM 
 IJ.iiiil 111 thi- (hoip 1" fiidiliiily. Hut [thvis) miHiiU', 
 him, t'lMiiriN nipht, wv IhrrcJ to ihr (houwiird, 
 hopiiij hv tluit coiirli' totinil him. 
 
 (Jii till' 72(1 of M.iy at iiiiiht, wc hml a violent 
 ftorin, with the wind -.w north-\vil>, .ind wi; were 
 torccd Id hull, not biing ;ilile lo btMr f.iil ; ;ind this 
 ni;;ht \w p<ri(hvd our m.iin trotli'l triv*, lb lh.it wi- 
 could not ufe our main top-fail, Ivinj: midi dangir- 
 tiuflv in the fea. The |iinn.iri' liktwifc rtcvived a j-.reat 
 le.ik. III that v»c were inloriid llie iK-vt day tola k 
 the lit At (hnre fur our rtlii I'. And Ixt.nife Limine w,\> 
 like tnlic ihehvOiiid f til it wcoould othi-rwileeipit'l ) 
 we defiral lo ;;ii fur I'ort IX lire, h<ipiiig with lials 
 nnd pen;;iiins to relieve ourlilvi<;, and fii lo ni.ike 
 fhift fii folloAi the pcneral, tir ihrre lo (lay hi . com- 
 inp from Hrafil. Tiic 24th <if May wc h.id niiuh 
 wind at iioith. The 25th w.is calm, and the lia 
 virvliif'v, fii that our (hip liad dan;;eioiis and foul 
 uviilher. The 2'ith our fore-lhroiid'i bioke ; fo that 
 if wo had not Ikcm near the ffion , it had bten iin- 
 pollihle for us to L'et out of the !ia. 
 
 " And now, b.iiin here moored in Port Defiie, 
 our lliioiid!. iircall rotten, nm haviiij; a runniiii; rope, 
 whereto wo mav trull, ari.l I'eiii;.^' (.rii\ided of oiilv 
 rue Ihift of faih, all worn, our topfai!^ not able to 
 tndvirc any (lref» of weaiherj neitlier have we anv 
 pitch, tar, or nail«, nor any (lore for the fiipplyiiii; 
 <if lliefe w.inl^, and wc liwonly upon |i , K and iniif- 
 fvU, havinj! but five ho;;lheads o( poi k within [on] 
 I111..11I, and meal three ounces a day, with water to 
 ilrink. 
 
 " And forafiiuirh au it hath pleafed CJixI to fepa- 
 rate our fleet, .Tiid to biin:; us into fuch hard extre- 
 mities, that onlv ni^w by his mete mercv wecx|Kcl 
 relief i fhou:'h o'heiwife we are hopelefs of comfort, 
 vet, b.eaute the vondcrful wiirks of Ciod in liis tx- 
 cecdinr;(.'reat favour toward- hi-, creatures, are far be- 
 yond ilie feope of m.iM's cipicilv ; therefoiv hv Him 
 w hope to liave deliverance in tliis ourdicp diltiefs. 
 AWo, forafmiif li a- thofe upon wlmm Cj">! v. ill bellow 
 the favour of life wiih return home to iheir own 
 rfur.trv, mav '■•l ■ ilv remain blanulif-, but alio 
 to manifell the tiuth of our .■'Jfions, we have tt'ouilit 
 •;iiod, in Cliriftiaii rUaritv, to lay down iindir our 
 h.iiiils tlietrutli of all oiu' pici'-cdings eMii i.iitil this 
 Tune of (Ui diltrcfs. 
 
 G.\in in I'oit Difm., the ficond day of 
 June, 159.I.. 
 
 H»vuv; put their hands to tin- p: 'icr, they began 
 to let Ihimi Ives to wnrk upini 'urh thin;;s as were 
 
 lu.id lu-ceirary for tlui; pulVivalr.iii. .■\ccoiiliiij;ly 
 
 tin V fet tip a fori;e, to make bolls, nail-, and other 
 ir.iM wii;k ; and alio iii..de ropes ( iit 01 their cables. 
 Tin" ot'icr- were eniplovtil in procii.iu fmelts for 
 them. '1 hev alfo iouiul an ifland aluiunding with 
 fals, w:iithir ihry lent the piunace, and were highly 
 latislicd when a quantity of tliem was taki 11, 
 
 On tlu- t'.'.i of Augulf having kept watch horn the 
 hii;li lands in order to diliover the admir.il, but in 
 vain, it was reiolved to go for the StrcigliCs ol Ma- 
 glicU.Tn, where his veflcl could not pals by them if flic 
 i"unc that way. Accordingly tluy fet fail, and .ifter 
 rnrouiUdiiis; a fturni, and other difficulties, made the 
 (freights, where they found the weather extremely 
 rold, yet they ilffcribe the p<o]ilcon the iici;;libour- 
 ing (hores a^ going naked, pnirting their bodies like 
 the anilint inhabitaiits of Itrit.iin, and generally 
 
 living in the wooils and wildi of ilufe romfoiflrf» r^ 
 ^lons, where now it «a» iIk- very niiildle of winter. 
 
 Anehoriin; in a rove about 14 lea|>iK's from the 
 South Sea, by account, thev ll..yvd a lortnif'ht lor 
 the .idmiral ; but the mriidvinu t.dl ihrou^'h cold and 
 famine, the nialier of llie vrlkl ailvilid to enter tin.- 
 F'acitie Oee.in, ami to Iher dini'lly tor the illand ol 
 Santa M.iri.i, which .idvue iMiii/, lollowul, (not 
 without a view of niiifiii ; with Ciivuidifh, who, an 
 they comlililul, inulJ p.if. hv lh.it ill.iiid, they let 
 fail on the I jih of Diiembii, hut weic Imrcd bark 
 again on the I4lh, and irtiiined Ion cove .ihout thiee 
 leagues from iIk' South .Sr 1. Muvvever iIk v went for- 
 ward again as fuon as llie wim' |K'riiiiitttl, and, willi 
 the lofs of an anchor in a ((01 m, e.uiie nine aj'.ain in 
 view of llie defiled ocean. Ili;e a ililputc ainle > 
 fomcof the company wifliinp to ;.;nai,aiii to I'oit De- 
 lire, and to 1 ■■ let on (hoie tin le, while others wilheti 
 t 1 proceed. " V\ iieiriipon (lays J.iiic) the c.iptain laid 
 to the mailer — M.iltir, you lee the woiideilul exlri.- 
 inity if our iltaie, and the great iloubls amoii)( our 
 cnmpar , of the tiiiili of your reports, as loiieh- 
 ing rel f to he h.ul in llie South Sea. Now, good 
 mallei, lorafiniieh as you have been in this voyagu 
 once before, with your mailer the general, fatisfy the 
 com| any of liith 11 iitlis ,is fo you .ire bed known, and 
 you, the rtll of the pineral » men, who allolia\e 
 neen with him iit liis hrll voy.ije, If voii hear anr 
 tliinu; contr.irv to the truth, fparc not to itprove it, I 
 pray you. — I hen the mailer laid, if yuu Ihink (.Miod 
 therefore 10 return, I will not gainl.iv it; but thiii 
 I think, if life mav be prelerved by any mean'-, it 
 is proceeding for at the llie of Santa Alaria, I do 
 allure you of v\he,il, pork, and roots cnou;;h. Alio 
 1 will bring you to .111 ifle vsliere pelicans lie in guat 
 .ibundanec) and wc Ihill have meal in great plenty, 
 hifides a poffibility ol inttretpting lome Ihips upon 
 the coalf of Chili and IVrii. Itut if we ifiurn, there 
 is nothing but death to be looked fur fexptiled) 
 Therefore do as you like , 1 am ready j but my diliio 
 is to proceed. Thelc his fpeeches being confirmed 
 by others that were in the former voyages, ihcre was 
 general confent for proceeding, and (ii, on ihe feri'nd 
 of Oiilohcr we put io'j the South Se.i, and were fue 
 of all land." 
 
 But whilfc all wcrr a»ieed in purliiing il.is eourilU 
 of the mallei of the vellel, the elements foii^.hl a;'ainfk 
 them. That very evening a gale fpian[' up which 
 increafcd with fuch violence that the eiew on board 
 the ftiip were informed by thofe in the pinnace, that 
 Ihe latter had no hope left of outliwBg the iiorm, 
 but h-inL' t'lemlclves leducid to great extremity, and 
 in view iif a lee fliore, ihey were obliged to abandon 
 her vvith all on board to ijuir tito, and the ucxt night 
 loll fight of iier for ever. 
 
 'I'hus they proceeded, laftied on by tcmpcft^, and 
 drifting fafl upon a dangerous ftiorc. Uiit on the lotli 
 of Oiftnbcr the fun liuldmly ihiniiij out bright, g-ave 
 the captain and mailer .111 opportunity of difeovcrin!; 
 their true fituatioii, and conlii-quenlly' of finding th? 
 true courfe ihey mull fliape for the'recovcry of the 
 llreights. '^'et though this at hrfl encour'agul th? 
 mariners, it could not properly be conlidered as mat- 
 ter of great confrdation to ihole who were rather fub- 
 jecl to the courfe of the winds and wa\<s than to the 
 j;uidancc of their own Ikill aiul jiulgnieiit. And thu< 
 indeed it happened, that the lefs d.iiij^er was only 
 pafied .i.nd the greater wa, yet to come, ';> moll (Irik- 
 ing piiSlure of which iK'ing drawn by the author al- 
 ready quoted, we (hall give it here in his own words. 
 
 " On the nth. of October (fays he) wc (iiw Cape 
 Defcaldo, the cape 01 the fouth ftjorc (the nortll 
 (horc bein^ nothing but a company of dangerous 
 rocks, i Iks and (hoals.) This cape being within two 
 leagues to the leeward of us, our manrr greatly 
 doubted that we (hould not double the fame, ncver- 
 thelcls, being a man of good fpirits, he refolutely 
 made quick difpatch, anil fit fail. Our fails had 
 not been half an hour on board [hoiftcd] but the foot- 
 rope of our forcfail broke,, fo tlut iiolhinj; held but 
 
I < 
 
 CAPTAIN C A V F. N D I Ji t(. 
 
 43 
 
 k(cj|ic. 
 
 llic oytet-hciK'-. Tlic fia« cnntiriiially lirokc over the 
 (hip't ri'iop, fliw into ific faiU with liirh violence that 
 wo Hill rxpi-iJtuI the tiariii;; of tiiir r.iil», "f overdt- 
 lin;; of the lliip ; und l>'(iili-», to our utter Uircoiiifnrt, 
 wi' pcrciivoil tlial wc fill dill nmii' .ind mme to tin- 
 leeward, Co tint «c ( Iwliivid wi J loiilJ not doiihic 
 the C4pe. Wi were now tome within hull a mile of' 
 the e.i|«', and fit nc:ir llu (liore, that the cmmtii -I'm I 
 of the I'e.i would rebound aj;.iin(> the (hip't fides '" 
 ihat we were much ililmaved with the horror ot I'ur 
 preiinteiKl. Mcinj! tliin fit the very point of oiii 
 death, the windi and the fca* raginj; beyond mi-afuu, 
 «mr mailer veered fome of the m.iin-(heet ; and, 
 whether it \\,i\ hy that orcidlon or by fome eurteiit, 
 or by the wonderful power of ({(mI (a» we verily 
 think it was) the lliip <|uiekeiied lier way, and Ihot 
 pall that rock, where we fliou^ht wc Should have 
 been <hored. Then between the eape and the (hore 
 there wan a little bay, lo thnt we were fomewhat far- 
 ther from (horc i and whi-n we rnme unto eapr, we 
 yielded unto death : yet ilie father of all nureie^ile- 
 livercd ii», and we doubled ilie cape about the Kni;lli 
 of our (hip, or very little more ; beinc (hot palt the 
 cape, vvc prefently took in our fiiN, wTiich only (iihI 
 had preferved to us; and when wc (hot in between 
 the high lands, the wind» blowing trade, without an 
 inch of fail, fpooncd before the (Va, three men not 
 being able lo guide the helm, and in fix hours we 
 were put 25 leagues within the Ikreiyhts, where we 
 found a fea anfwerable to the ocean." 
 
 'I'his was indeed an uncxpedked efcaiK, but the 
 unfortunate crew of this weather-beaten vefl'el were 
 far from being near the end of their trouble. In the 
 midit of this wintry climate, which (li(H'ned tlieir 
 (Incws with cold, to add to their other misfortunes, 
 they were almofl devoured with the moft loatlilomc 
 vermin, that not only I'warmed about them, but alfo 
 burrowed in their flelh. On this account, having 
 laboured to clear their vcflel from water, it was judged 
 proper to put into one of the coves with which it hns 
 been noticed that thefe (treights abound. This was 
 accordingly done for the refrethmcnt of the men, and 
 they (tayeil till the 2i(V of Otiober, when they agai'i 
 put forward into the channel, with tolerable go(;d 
 weather. But thefe inclement regions bcfor; night 
 proiluccd another tempe(f, and the velTel ONxd its 
 fafety only to the care of the captain, who had drawn 
 fo accurate a plan of the ftreights, at his firfl paf- 
 I'agc through them, that being nrntwrly attended to, 
 it guided her through all the intricacies of that chan- 
 nel in a moft gloomy and tcmpe(luous night. 
 
 While they were at anchor on the coaft, the boat 
 beine fent in fair weather to collcrt a quantity 
 of the birds from whence that land takes its name, 
 one of the ufual ftorms nrofe, and the birds wci-e 
 obliged to be thrown overboard, led they (hould be 
 loft. 
 
 The interval h.id given them tim': to clear their (hips 
 from water; hut th'- crews were ftiU in adifagreeable 
 lituation, and even in the niidll of thefe wintry re- 
 gions, were alnioll eaten up by the moft loathfome 
 vermin. Ihus diftrc(red, they had put into one of the 
 coves of the channel, where thev (laycd till hunger 
 Ibrced them out in favourable weather ; but the ilorm 
 foon fuccceded, in the mid(t of which, by means of 
 a chart drawn by the captain, the fliip was conduced 
 through what the author calls " The Hell Dark of 
 Night," where the channel was not in fome places 
 above a league broiad. 
 
 Having efcaned this danger at Penguin Ifland, 
 where they hati nearly loft their boat, at the fame 
 time that their veO'cl was driving on a lee (hore, but 
 both thefe difficulties being furmounted by their in- 
 dultry and refolution, at length on the 27th of Oc- 
 tober they got free of the Streights of Magbellan. — 
 Their boat being fent to the (hore, " Parker, Edward 
 Smith, and twenty others, (fays Jane) were ap- 
 pointed to (lay upon the (hore for the killing and 
 drying of thefe penguins, and the captain promifed 
 after the ihip was in harbour to fcna the rcfl, not 
 
 only for expedition, but .ill'o to fave the fm ill (lore 
 of uiluals then in the (hip. Hm I'.irker, .Siniili, 
 anil the rell ot their taction (iilpe^'tnl tli.ii tins w.i-. .1 
 lievnr of ilie captain'-, lo liave his iiieiiuii Ihore, that 
 by ilnle means there might be vicliiali for the re(f lo 
 lei.iver thiir country j and when they remembered 
 that this was the place wheie iliey Would have (lain 
 their captain and niilKr, lunly (tiiounhi iliey) for 
 reviiii'e lieie will they leave us on (lioie , Hhieh, 
 wilt II oui eaptaiii iiiiilerllood, he e.illed (rod lu \\it- 
 iiefs th.it iiveiu'i was no part of [hid no put 111 1 
 I111 thoughts: I'hcy gave him thanks, deliiiiiglu 
 ;',o into itie harbour with the (hip, wliith was granted. 
 So liicre weie only ten left upon thi illi', aiul [on] the 
 lall day of OiilolKr we entered the harbour, (our mai- 
 ler, at our laft bein;j^ beie, haviii'.i, taken careful no- 
 tice of every ereik in the river) in a very convenient 
 place, uiion a laiiJy <mic ran the (hip agiound, laying 
 our anenor toleawaid, and with our ruiiiung ropes, 
 moored her to rt.ikes upon tlic (hore, whicli lie had 
 falleiird lor lliat purpofe, where the (hip remained till 
 our departure. On the -^d of November, our boat, 
 with water, woml, and as many as (he could carry, 
 went for the ifle o( I'eiigiiiiis t but being deep, lh» 
 durft not proeeril, but returned avaiii the lame night. 
 Thin i'arker. Smith, Towidheiul, I'urpet, with five 
 oiher«, defired that they might go by land, and that 
 the boat mij^ht fetch them when they were aiyinft the 
 ilie, it being fcaree a mile from the (hore. The cap- 
 tain bade them do what they thou[;ht bi.lt, ailvifing 
 them lo lake weapims with them ; for (faid he) al- 
 though we have not at any time feen people in this 
 place, vet in the country there may be (ai ages.— — 
 I'hey ani'wercd, " '("hat here were great (tore of 
 deer, and oltriclies ; but if there were lavages they 
 would devour them." Notwilhdandinu, the captain 
 caul'ed tlient to take weapons with them, carlivers, 
 fwords and targets ; fo the 6th ot November, they 
 departed by lanil, and the boat by (ia j but from that 
 day to this day, wc never heard of our men. 'I'hif 
 nth, while molt of our men weie at the ilie, only 
 our captain and matter, with fix others, being left in 
 the (liip, there tame a great m altitude of favages to 
 the (hip, throwing dud in the air, leaping and run- 
 ning likebiute hearts, having viz-artls on tlicir,faccs like 
 dog's laces, or elfe they had dogs faces indeed. Wo 
 greatly feared le(t they would fet the (hip on fire, fur 
 they would fuddcnly make fire, whereat we much 
 marvelled ; they came to windward of our (hip, and 
 fet the bulhcs on firo, fo that we were in a very (link- 
 ing fmokc ; but as foon as they came within our (hot 
 we (hot at them, and llrikingoncof them in tlie thigh, 
 they all prefently tied j (owe never faw more of 1 hem. 
 '('hereby wc judged that thefe canibals had (lain our 
 nine men." " When wc confidered (adds the au- 
 thor) who they were that were thus murdered, and 
 found that they were the principal men who would 
 have murdered the captain and mailer, with their 
 friends, wc faw the ju(t judgment of God, and made a 
 fupplieation to his Divine Majcfty to be meicil'iil 
 unto us." t. 
 
 During the time that the Englilh rcmaineil in this 
 bay, they found on examining the river that they could 
 EO no farther than twenty milts up. Upon the 
 Ifle of Penguins, the crew took a q.,antity of tliolL- 
 birds, which they dried and falted, and much re- 
 joiced that they could lav in fuch a Horc of provifion. 
 They alfo took gulls and other birds, and eggs, as well 
 as many fcals ; and found a quantity of the herb called 
 Scurvy-grafs, which ufing train oil for butter, they 
 fried with eggs, and found it very wholefomc, remov- 
 ing the chief difordcr among the men. 
 
 Twenty thoufand [a number almoft incredible] of 
 penguins were taken, 14,000 of which only the mari- 
 ners were able to bring on board, and had well nigh 
 loft their (hip by the uncertainly of tKe winds and 
 tides. 
 
 They afterwards ftood fortheBrafiliati coaft, hav- 
 ing been reduced to the allowance of (ive ounces of 
 meal in » week, to be fervcd twice, three fpoonfuls 
 
 «f 
 
 MQf 
 
*♦ 
 
 THE VOYAGES OP 
 
 '593 '^^ '^'^ '*'''' ^ '''^" three (la^ in a week ; for two days a 
 ' — v— «' pint of peafc for each man. Five penguins for four 
 men every day, and fix q,uarts of water fur the faiuc 
 number of people. 
 
 Arriving at the IIlc of Placcntia in Br.ifil, on the 
 jotli of January, twenty-four of the crew went to- 
 wards the Ihore with the captain ; but it was not till 
 the next day tliat the company landed, hoping to take 
 the Portugucfe inhabitants in their beds, and theic to 
 get Ci/Tavi meal, and what clfe they could find ; but 
 die Portuguefc had rafed their own hoiifes to tlie 
 j^rouiul, and were fled up the country. Tlie ftiip was 
 afterwards brought into a creek, where llicy moored 
 hcrtotlic trees, and found water and all conveniences 
 for hooping their calks, a guard being always kept 
 for the protection of fuch as were cniployeif about 
 their neccfTary bufinefs. On the 5tli of February 
 the captain fent the cooper to gather hoops, and |)ro- 
 vided a guard as ufual, himlelf feeing the weapons 
 delivered. Notwithltanding which, all his precau- 
 tions could not prevent that mifchief of which the 
 writer of the voyage aflerts, that fomc of the crew 
 had a pre-fentimcnt*. 
 A niafl'acrc. " All the forenoon they laboured in quictnefs, 
 and when it was ten o'clock, the heat being extreme, 
 they came to a rock near the wood's fide, (for all this 
 country is nothing but thick woods) and there they 
 boiled caffavi-roots, and dined. After dinner fcinc 
 flept, others waihcd themfulves in the fea, all being 
 firippcd to their ihircs, and no man kecpini' watch, 
 no match lighted,! and not a piece charged. Sud- 
 denly, as they were thus lleeping .ind fporting, hav- 
 ing got themfclves into a corner, out of fight of the 
 Ihip, there came a multitude of Indians and I'ortu- 
 guefe upon them, and flew them fleepingj only two 
 pfcaptd, one very fore hurt, the other not touched, 
 by whom we underftoo<l of this miferable mafi'acre. 
 VVith nil Ipenl we manned our boat, .md landed to 
 fuccour our men : but we found them flain and laid 
 naked i:i ranks one by another, with their faces up- 
 ward, and a crofs fet by them ; and withal we faw 
 very great pinjiaces come from the river of Janiero, 
 very full of men i who we fufpeiTled came from thence 
 to take us." 
 
 The number of the fliip's crew was now reduced 
 to 27 pcrfons, though flic departed from England with 
 76. They could t.tke in no more than eight tons of 
 water for want of calks, and yet if they Hayed with 
 a view 10 overcome this difficulty^ the ftvip licing 
 made faft to the trees, they were in fear left their 
 moorings fliould be cut, or the enemy fhould make 
 fome fuddeii attack upon them from the fliore. Hav- 
 ing condoled with each other upon their misfortune 
 here, and at Port Defire,J they refolved at laft to 
 'eavc this fat.1l Ihore, and rather truft themfelves to 
 the mercy of Heaven than remain cxpofed to the dan- 
 ger which as they concluded thieatcned them every 
 moment. 
 
 Proceeding to Cape Frio, they met with contrary 
 winds, that proved the more hard on account of 
 their wanr of water, which was, however, feafonably 
 fupplied by plentiful (bowers of rain, and their fpirits 
 began to revive, when a new misfortune came upon 
 them. 
 
 The flcflt of the penguins, which had kept well 
 in the colder climates, began to corrupt as this un- 
 happy company appro,iched the warmer latitudes. A 
 mod loathfome worm bretl in them, which not only 
 ipoilcd their provifions, but did them otherwilc much 
 
 * " Miuy (it the men (fayt he) had dreamed of murder and 
 of Daughter, one faying t* another, This I [ladj dreamed that 
 ihou Wirt iiain. — Anoth t anfwercd, And I dreamed that thou 
 U'crt flain." — A circumfiaiicc which, he obfcrvcs, had occafioncd 
 tlie oaptain to U more t.ian ordinarily careful for the fafcty of 
 liis men. ^ 
 
 t The pieces in uTe in thofe times were let off with mKches, 
 iirelocki being a more modem inircnlion. 
 
 X The wpiicrof the account from whence ours ii cxtraftcd, 
 adds here, " Ar.d c mfidtrinf; what ihey were whowcrt lift, wt 
 found thu all lliufc who had cunlpitcd tin murdering our cup- 
 
 inifcliicf. Notwithflanding all their endeavours t» 
 get rid of iJufe animals, they multiplied fo fall and 
 were (o extremely vor.ttious, that they devoured evyy 
 thing but iron,, their wearing-apparel, linen, anil 
 woollen, and even their boots were eaten,, and theic 
 fleflj bitten by them, nor did the timbers efcape them, 
 infomuch that the captain and his crew feared they 
 would cat through the fide of the vcfli;l. Havirn 
 palled the equator in this diCigrecablc iltuatiqii, thv: 
 crew weru i^xt attacked with a dillcmper, which 
 is thus defcribed ; " In their ancles it began tu 
 fwell, from tlicnce, in two days^ it would be in 
 their breads, and then fell into their lower pans, 
 and there did fwell meft grievoufly and moft dreadful 
 to behold ; fo that they could neither ftand nor go. 
 The captain in this extremity, declaicd that there 
 was nothing which he defired fo much as a fpcedy 
 diflulution. At this time fomc died in the feverelt 
 pain, and others in a frenzy." The anguiih of the 
 captain indeed was more mental than bodily fufl'ering, 
 as, excepting a boy, he was the only pcrfon in health 
 on board the veflel. By this time only 16 of the 
 company remained, and on five of th-?m only, a? 
 being lound perfons, was all the depciitlance for la- 
 bour and fafcty, the captain and inallt r helping tu 
 work the fliip, which, for want of better tending, w.is 
 in a woeful condition, and the l^it-fail and top-fail 
 Ihattercd in pieces. Yet thus they iiiU held on their 
 courfe, " and thus(liiys the author) without viituals, 
 fails, or men, God guided us into Ireland." Thiy 
 arrived at Bccrhaven on the nth of June, 1593* 
 and there ran the fliip on Ihore, the Irifh helping to 
 fit her for Hoating, where the captain left the nialUi 
 and fume of the crew to keep the veflel, and five days 
 afterwards he and lomc others of the company took, 
 their paflage in au English iilhing boat to Padltow in 
 Cornwall. — 
 
 Such were the miferies cndiircd in this unfortunate 
 voy,ige, in the courle of which, things falling out fu 
 advcrfe,. thofe who have ftudied the book of human 
 nature will not much wonder to find the conrunanders 
 and the men falling out among themfelves, and with 
 each other. By the 'aft-recited account it feems, 
 however, that Mr. Cavendifh had not fo much oc- 
 cafion to blame Capt. Davis, as he, in the height o£ 
 his vexation,.might imagine. The manner of the lat- 
 tcr's parting from the former, and the pains he took 
 in endeavouring to rejoin him, togetlier with other 
 cireumftanccs which the judicious reader muft have 
 noticed in tlie courfe of the relation, all tend to cor- 
 roborate tliis opinion, though not adopted by the dif- 
 appointed .idmiral. 
 
 Out of five fliips that went out, onlv* three came 
 back from this expedition, namely the Dainty, that 
 parted company with him in the South Sea, the De- 
 fire havin)); on board but 26 men, though originally 
 manned with 150, and the admiral's own fhip, of the 
 number of men loft from which wt are not exadfly 
 informed, but it feems that not above fifty in all re- 
 turned in fafety. 
 
 When tliefe things are confidercd, and the accounts o,fl„.:„,, 
 here given are compared, it will not be much matter Oic under- 
 of wonder that Cavendifh's men were fo unwilling takin);. 
 to expofe thenili-lves to reiterated dangers. It is one 
 thing to be bold in attempting the atchievment of a 
 new but difficult adventure, it is another, after re- 
 peated repulfes to return to the charge, and combat 
 with ill fortune through mere raflinefs, when there 
 is no neceflity to renew the attempt. This leems to 
 
 have 
 
 tain and maOer weic ouw flain by the f.vtgcst the gunmr onljr 
 excepted." Tlicie n notliing wonderlul in this and fome other 
 (linilar icmtrks made by thofe who wrote in that age, cfpi'ci- 
 ally when we reflcO that, even at this time, men cannot disj'ui'. 
 the idea of a particular providence from that of dealing tlie 
 judgments of heaven wliercver they think proper.— In tliii cafe, 
 at leal), the rcitot the crew fee m to have been involved in dif- 
 ficuhics and dillrclTes, and fume of tliem, at we And in the fe- 
 quel, died a innrc miferable death on board, than their coin* 
 paninns had met with on fhore from the Poriiigiicfe and if 
 a(?ci. 
 
CAPTAIN C A V E NM) 1 S H. 
 
 ♦? 
 
 have been the error of our adventurer, who likewife 
 appears to have entertained fomc little prejudices and 
 partialities, not at all confiftent with the extenfive- 
 ncfs of his undertaking. 
 
 As to the expeditions he undertook, they were 
 rimllar to otliers, which engaged the high fpirits, and 
 enriched fome of the fuccefsful plunderers of the maiden 
 reign. Private fubjcdls of one ftate endeavouring to 
 plunder another, tho' fan^fied bjr cuftom, is doubtlifs 
 a barbarous method of carrying on a war. At the pe- 
 
 riod of whicli wc .irc writiii';, the Spaniarils liml r^n 
 evident diradvpnt.ig,c in (In- coiitilt, ;iiid tli'.ir lubjcifls 
 in the New World li-vcrcly felt ihr conreqiifncc--. A ^ 
 to Captain Cavendifh, he fcU a ficrilti e to tliat do- 
 fire of wc-ilth and honour which forceil him on a li - 
 cond voyage to thofe parts, whfru the Ciirrcrs of h;< 
 fir(t undert.iking had fiirnilhed him with the mean» 
 which if well manaS'-'d, mitrh: jnobnbJy havi: iiiiiiroi 
 liim the enjoyment of a c(Miipi.t(.ncc in peace aiid d- 
 curity in his native country. 
 
 THE VOYAGE OF OLIVER VAN NOORT, 
 
 le accounts RcHcxiors 
 uch matter iiic under- 
 unwillinij taking. 
 
 It is one 
 vment of a 
 atter ic- 
 and combat 
 when there 
 iiis leems to 
 have 
 
 gunmr only 
 nd fomc otitcr 
 »ge, cfprci- 
 cannot ilisjui'. 
 if detling tlis 
 — Inthii cafe, 
 
 ulvcd in ilif. 
 
 ind in llie ft- 
 
 n ihcir com- 
 cfc and (t- 
 
 THE voyageof Oliver VanNoort'and his company 
 was performed by the ihips Maurice, Concord, 
 Henry Fredric, and Hope i the two former of which 
 failed from Rotterdam on the fecond of July, and 
 
 I The Dutch hawing reached the Enelifh coaft, remained there wait- 
 ilnt leavMthe ing for the latter till the 13th of September, and then 
 
 I Eoglilh coaft. departed thence upon their grand expcditioI^ having 
 taken on board an Englifl) pilot, of th« name of 
 Mellifli,* who proved very ufcful to them in tbc 
 courfe of their undertaking, 
 
 Having pafled between 1 eacfiffie and the Gran Ca- 
 naria, they proceeded fouthward till they came in 
 fight of the coaft of Guinea, on the 3d of Novem- 
 ber. Afterwards, arriving at Prince's Ifland, they 
 lent in their boats and demanded a fupply of provi- 
 ftons, which a negro who met them at their lafiding 
 Oiade them belley« would be readily granted. But 
 while they were trcatine about this, matter, a great 
 number or them were fuadcniy cut oiFby a party that 
 lay in ambufli ; they were purfued to their boats, 
 which were alfo attacked, and the admiral's brother 
 was killed in the engagement. The Dutch, in re- 
 turn, refolved to attack thecaftle i but^as thfv found 
 the experiment too dangerous, they contented dkem- 
 Oiives with burning the enenty's fugar houfes, atui 
 ' having fupplicd themfelves with fcefh water, lailod, 
 to Cape Gonfalv^, where they met with two vefleU 
 of their country.f Faffing the iAand of Annabo* on 
 the I ft of January, they held on their courfe till 
 kaving Cape Frio, they ftood for Rio de Janeiro^, 
 where they arrived 00 the 9th of Feb. from whence 
 after fome lols of time and men, by means of the 
 Portuguefe they went to St. Sebaftian. There they 
 found no fVuits but were accommodated with a good 
 harbour, and plenty of wood and water. 
 
 Proceeding on thieir courfe, on the 14th of March 
 • ftorm overtook them, which feparated the vice- 
 admiral and Hope from the other (hips. The winter 
 in thofe latitudes approached ; the fcurvy prevailed, 
 and fearine the extremities to which t!.cy might be 
 reduced, the admiral refolved to put into St. Helena, 
 but the fleet could neither make that ifland nor the 
 Afcenfion ; thev only reached a very barren (horc, 
 
 lAitivcsdnthe where they could get nothing but fome fowls which 
 
 |caal)ot~Brtril. they knocked down with clubs. Departing from 
 thence, they were carried to tl\e Brafilian coaft ; but 
 the Portuguefe npt permitting them to land there, 
 they proceeded t»-the ifle of St. Clara,, where there 
 was little elfe to be found but herbs and a fort of 
 four plumbs, which in about a fortnight cured their 
 fick, a circumftance that at thu time yielded them 
 fome confolation. 
 
 Intending for the ftreights of Maghcllan, they flood 
 
 for Port Defire, which at laft they reachoi, ud fur- 
 
 nJihed themfelves with fiih and penguins in great 
 
 plenty, from an ifland to the fouthward of that port. 
 
 Vol. I. No. 5. 
 
 • Mr. Mellilh hiil been with Captain Carendifli io hit vovaec 
 round tlie world. ' ° 
 
 • t Bythe crtwi of thefe veffcli. Noort'i people wire in- 
 fcnned of the niMtartuae of Capttin CttciliigeR »l« wn loft 
 
 Sailing up the river-;, they faw a number of hearts re- 
 fembling itags and buffaloes, as alio olbicbcs and their 
 nefts. The admiial afterwards landed to view the 
 country, ordering thole that were left to guard the 
 boats, not to ftir from them j but thefe men dif- 
 obtyiug the orders of their commander, fell into an 
 amhufcade of Indians, by which means three of them 
 were killed, and one was wounded. Thefe favages 
 f are defcribcd as tall men, and having tlicir bodies 
 painted, carrvin^ fhort bows, from whence they (hot 
 arrows headed with (tone. 
 
 Still holding on their coUrle, they endeavoured to 
 enter the ftreights, but were continually driven back 
 by tcmpcfts. They loft their anchors, broke their 
 cables, and were vifited by ficknefs, at the fame time 
 thatdifputes and contentions preN-ailing among tliem, 
 rendered their fituation everyday worfu: and thus they 
 fpent near 15 months from their firft dcpurture, be- 
 fore they were fairly got into the ftrcights of Ma- 
 ghcllan. 
 
 On two iflands near Cape NaflTau, on the 5th of 
 November, the Dutch perceiving fome men who 
 <book their weapons at them by way of defiatice, 
 land«d and purfued them to a cave, which they d^ 
 fended fo ftubbornly, that the aifailanta could not 
 enter till evny one of the favages was flain. The 
 treafure which thefe people were fo fully determined 
 to preferve or perifli in the attempt was— their wives 
 and children, whofi: lives the conquerors were fo in- 
 dulgent as to fpare — bccaufe they had nothing to hopa 
 from their deftruilion, nor ins fear from their fafety. 
 Four bovs and two girls being fclefted from among 
 the children were brought on board the &ips, where 
 they were kindly entertained. 
 
 " One of thefe bovs (according to Harris) having 
 learned to fpeak Dutch, gave them this intelligence, 
 that the greater of thefe two iflands was called Caf- 
 tenune, and the tribe that inhabited it Enno ; that 
 the fmaller ifland was called Talcke ; and that both 
 were well ftoicd with penguins, whofe flcfli was their 
 food, and whofe (kins their cloathing ; and as for 
 their habitations, they had none but caves ; that the 
 adjoining continent abounded with oftriches, which 
 alfo ferved for food ; that they weredirtingui(hed into 
 fevcral tribes, which had their fevcral diftina itfi- 
 cknces. The Kcmcnetes, that dwelt in Kacfny j the 
 Kei.nokin, Karaniay ; the Karaiks, in Morina;— . 
 all which people were of the common (ire, but broader 
 brealted } and painted all. The mon tying the pu- 
 denda up with a firing, and the women covering thofe 
 parts with penguin (kins ; the former wearing long 
 hair, and the latter (kiven » but both the(b fexui 
 naked exicept a cloak of penguia fliins, reaching to 
 the wai(t. That tliete was alfo a fourth tribe of 
 them, called Tirimenen, that dvrelt in Coin ; and 
 theft were «>t a gigantic (Jnture, iting Un «r Witlvtfttt 
 
 O 
 
 high, 
 
 Willi moft pirt of hit conipany 10 Pti'nccs't IHuid. Thev haA 
 likcwiicMiineiof rlicTavaucol i>Hcr V<«fliiii»,><, ,|,),o|iiJ tn- 
 
 f(t had bjiie4 
 
 ,~ "tT"" K*f' "" nil company 10 rtinccs « lUiiad. 
 likewik i.iiingi of rlit fayag* o) I'wcr V «rli,.ei>f, \ 
 tered ibe r,^c^ of Congo, andpnitiD^ .r n '.lii-. ul«t 
 J J of iiw peop'r. ■ 
 
46 
 
 THE VOYAGE OF 
 
 1600 high, and were continually at war with the other 
 H— V — ' tribes." 
 
 [The reader will be the better enabled to form a 
 judgement of the reality of the exiilence of giants on 
 the Patngonian coafts, when he compares thele uc> 
 counts of tlie ancient voyagers with thofc of the 
 circumnavigators of the prcfcnt agej for which rea- 
 fon, wc fliail for the prelent forbear any comments 
 upon the fubjc£l. ] 
 
 The admiral fet fail on the agth for Port Famine ; 
 where he found no mark or remains of St. Philip's 
 city (which has been already mentioned as raifed by 
 the Spaniards in order to command the ftreights) a 
 he.ap of ftoncs only excepted, which might fervc for 
 a memorial of the ill fate that attended that under- 
 taking. Not finding this place convenient for water- 
 ing, the fhips departed on the ift of December, and the 
 next day doubled Cape p'roward, from whence paifing 
 into a large bay, they caft anchor.— —And here they 
 found the fliip of Sebald dc Wert, one of Veerha- 
 gcn's company, which had been driven back with 
 another veflel from the South Sea. The captain told 
 them he had been in the ftreights upwards of five 
 months, that out of too men he had but eight re- 
 maining, and had put in there, while the reft of the 
 fleet proceeded, his velfel not bcinj able to fuftitin the 
 ftorm in the ibuthern ocean. Leaving this place 
 the admiral fteercd for Maurice Bay, in which he 
 perceived thatfeveral rivers difgorged themfelves, and 
 obferved that it extended far caftward.— — " In the 
 mouth of thefe rivers (fays our author) were vaft 
 quantities of ice, which fccmed never to melt the year 
 round ; for though this was near the midfummer fea- 
 fun in that fouthern climate, yet the See was fo thick 
 that at ten fathoms founding they could hot feach the 
 bottom of it. The land alfo leem^ tb bea'he.-tp of 
 broken iflands, which the height of the mountains 
 midc appear like one firm and continued piece. 
 
 DiilrelTcs of '" '*''' P'*" ^^^V '°'^ ^^'^ of their people, whdm 
 the Dutch in the favae;cs killed while they were picking muflels, 
 tlicllrcifilitsot'on which food they chiefly fubfifted, and all the com- 
 M.iglitll.in. pany had at once hunger and ftorms to contefld with 
 duririg their continuance in thefe inhofpitablfc re- 
 gions. 
 
 From one bay to another the (hips (hifted their fitu- 
 ation, but in general only to ' encounter freih diffi- 
 culties ; till on the laft day of February, they were at 
 laft relieved from thcfc troubles, by paflingCnpeDe- 
 fire, and making in their way to the South Sea, \vhic4t' 
 they entered witli 147 men, but on the 11th tht^'loft 
 the'vicc-a<Jmiral'« veflel, and not being abIe'*o reco- 
 ver the fight of her, they went to La Mocha, an illand 
 in the 38th degree of fouth latitude, which is remark- 
 able for a high mountain, the top of whieh is cleft, 
 and from thence pours a ftrcam of water into the 
 valley. Here they found an lixlian town, the houles< 
 of wnich were built of ftww. ' The natives bartered 
 maize, ihccp, and otlicr provifioqs, for knives, Ifatch- 
 • fts, and the like i and entertained their guelts at their 
 fimple liabitations with a liquor called C/V;', which was 
 ninde of maize ftccped in water, and held in great 
 cUimation amongft them.—— The Dutch accounts 
 lay that the nxn there are allowed to buy as many 
 wives as they can aftbrd. In cafe of murder, the kin- 
 dred of the perfon flain, pronounce fenteiioe and ex- 
 ecute jufticc on the murderer, as all pnbl'c courts of 
 l.tw are unknown among them ; nntwithftandiiig they 
 arc not always equally rigid in thefe matters, as it is 
 foinctintes |>ofliblc by treating with dci to cfcape pu- 
 iiilhmtnt. The cloathing of thefe people is made of 
 the wool of a large fort of fheep, of which they ai« 
 \ ery choice, and which are alfo ufeful to them in the 
 carriage of heavy burdens. 'v ' 
 
 The Dutch came next to St. Mary's Ifland, inlat. 
 37" '5' ''• S^'ive chace to and took a fliip laden with 
 meal. 'Ility were told by this pilot that two men of 
 war wcie waitiiij; for them at Arica, where ihey were 
 expected by the enemy, who bad fome intelligence 
 fii thei.' deiigns, and the Englifli pilot perfuaded them 
 not to attempt j^oing to St. Mary's, where Simon de 
 6 
 
 Cordes, having being invitaj on (liorc, was (lain wittl 
 23 of his people by the Indians, the Spaiii^rd^ en- 
 deavouring %Q gft his (hip into their hands, and giv,.^ 
 ing notice all along the coaft of the arfivai oi' thii 
 Dutch in thoff p^rts, ■ - 
 
 Afterwards they failed to. Val Paraifo \vhere tJicf 
 heard news of the captain of the Flying Ilare, one of 
 Vecrhagen's company, whvt .was led intua fnurc, and 
 made prifoner by the enemy.* Here the Dutch took 
 two (hips, foipe Indians wcr^ alio (lajn, biit thg 
 Spaniards had quitted the place. From thence 'tney' 
 proceeded to St. lago, where they heard of the war« 
 between the-Spani vds and.-theiwtives-ofA^ht who 
 had taken the town of Baldivia, putting the inhabi- 
 tants to the l\vord. They entered the bay of La 
 Uuefcoj.on the ift of April, and after retraining there 
 about fix d.tys, quitted that harbour, and (iood for 
 Morre Moreno. They came in view of the rich city 
 of Lima, on the 25th. \-id here it is faid " They 
 came to underftand the Vaiftnefs of the treafure which 
 the Spaniards had r«M«(/'«^eM{>f {|a ftrange pcrvcrfion _, 
 of laiiBuage] and Which otherwile they had found in viewotTim* 
 thofe (hips tiiey took at Stt hgo. For by the pilot's 
 confl-ffion, there were no Icfs than 52 chells of gold 
 thrown overboard, each cheft containing four aiobes '">^-. 
 
 and jOd pots; itvX cachlpot ten dr twelve pound | and 
 not only this public, but 'tMttf man's pt<ivate ti«afiir<i 
 was as prodigally flung away, they not carln)^ whkh 
 way^ it went, Whether to the bottom of chcife«t'or 
 thebellies of the (i(hes, fo the Dutchmen might be 
 never the better for it. This gold came from St. Ma- 
 ry's illand, where three or (bur rich Spaniards en- 
 erolTed all to themdive's, liJee;pihg'MW thoiulkitd In-< 
 dians ftarving in the mints. '< ' ''' ' ' 'l;i.^' , 1 
 
 Departing from hence the fleet muli-the 'Ladrone; y 
 Where the Company got a fuppty of cocoM and othi* 
 fruits, keeping a wary eye upon the nimble' (inured 
 natives. Coming to tiagia Hay, they got proviliomi 
 by pretending they were Spaniards. From hence. Arrive at t)it 
 paffine the Ifleof Oapul, they proceeded towards the' Lndroncs. 
 Manilla.) ^nli» in' their way, todk a iuhk of Citin* 
 whicK:itad'(h>reof viflualson boartt,';lnd Was bound 
 to the very-place whither they Wanted to be dire^ledi' 
 Prom the mafler Of this ve(rel they got the followIng;^ 
 intelligence, " That there were then at Manilla two 
 great (hips that ca'nKcfVery year from New Spain thither,' 
 and a Dutch" (hip alfo that was bought at Malacca i' 
 tbaethe town w<ls walled, and had tvh (hips riding 
 befot^ I'w'fot it* better Ifccurity. He mentioned th* 
 vaft trade carried on from China'thithcryand (hid thi<f 
 two (hips laden with iron .-md other metals, us Wen^nf 
 provifions, was expected to arrive from Japan.' > 
 Holding on their courfe, they made the ifland uf >J Luf-' 
 Ton (which is dcfcribed as being .iboiit the tic« of 
 Great Britain) after' having taken' a bark litlcrt witlf- 
 hogs and iwultrr, defined tbi the i'^iaii trittut^ tW| 
 ithe Spaniards. At this Iflantf they al(b took one dfi 
 ,the Japan: (hips of 250 ton* btirtkn. and, an the^tft^ 
 of May fell in with two ve(i^l«, wnofe cargoes cuti'*'] 
 rt(h:d of hkms, hog*; and aqua vitx. .... 
 
 Falling in with the Manilla fleet on (ho 14th, a- 
 fmart engagement enfucd, in the courfe of wNk'h thS' irfia- »> 1 ■ 
 Dutch aditiiral Was boarded ibythc Spaniflrd», Olid on' '■'^''l >>>'■ 
 the very point of ftriking to the Spanl(h admii^l,' 
 When the ftrmcr threatening to blow himfelf and hi** 
 men up With the veflel, rather than it (houtd bi" 
 yielded tothe enemy, dcfpair giving them fre(h coU' An erpiri.- 
 raft:, upon this declar.iiion they exertul lb ijiudi mem w ili :^ii 
 vigoiu-, that they drove back the Spaniards, and*!"""''^'- 
 boarded, and .it lalt funk the .idmiraK 'In thid eh-' 
 
 fagemcnt. the Dutch loftthcfir piiih<M,wlii(<h wKtn- 
 en by the enemy's vioe-admiral, amA taad>bV:fid<s'fi\'6 
 men (lain, and twxnty-fiK'Woundcd ) ^ilc by their 
 account it appeard that the Spaniards loft fonio huii- 1 
 drcds, that perilhcd p.vtiy in tlie fij^ht, -and partly 
 
 r 
 
 * Thii ctrcumlUnce the cipt^in olifcircd wat ^v^'ii^ tq^thc ' 
 wroinfpl»<iingof ilfgill»ajlitiiheowi>v;.,^,„„ J J ,, ,.,. ,j 
 
 <;4k' 
 
OLIVER VAN NOORT. 
 
 47 
 
 n with 
 d^ cu- 
 
 •j<t ti\cj 
 
 , Que ot° 
 
 irc, and 
 
 tell took 
 
 but tha 
 
 icetTiey' . 
 
 lie war* 
 
 H» whw 
 
 : inhabi- 
 
 y of La 
 
 mg there 
 
 Hood for 
 
 rich city 
 
 " TWey 
 
 re wh*cti 
 
 crverflon ^,, „„, ;, 
 
 Jound in ^icjv ut Lima. 
 
 he pilot's 
 
 1 
 
 freaclicry of 
 lie Borncans 
 
 AiU" 
 
 s ot gold 
 lur arobes 
 und I and 
 ;e tPearnra 
 
 dic^fed'or 
 might be 
 n St. Ma- 
 n'lards en- 
 lutkitd Iti-i 
 t . ! ' , * ' ' 
 iLadroncf^ 
 and othi* 
 ie' lin^red 
 provilioMi 
 
 )rn hencCi Arrive at tfct 
 awards the^'Udrones. 
 
 of Cltin* 
 «>as'boun<f 
 
 le dircitedf 
 following 
 anillu two 
 tin thither,' 
 Malacca i' 
 ."ips fMing 
 ttioned thti 
 id (hid th^ 
 MS Well- "as. 
 ipaii. ' ■* 
 uf" L«f- 
 the lite of 
 •ticrt witW- 
 tril<iutu tW" 
 ook tme c<P 
 an the ()tk' 
 rgoe* con«' 
 
 i+th, «■ 
 whkh ths 
 l»,ahd'On' 
 . adniii^l,' 
 elf an^ hit' 
 (hould be' 
 
 frefll CoU- An cnpare- 
 
 ib ipuclinient wtt'.i . 
 
 ards, andSl""""^'- 
 n this ert-' 
 dh w» IB- 
 
 iVjfidts'fcx'C 
 
 Ic by their 
 
 fomo hun- . 
 >u! partly 
 
 JittvntJ, and ktuchd in thi head afiir thi fight was 
 ovtr." 
 
 After this engagement the Dutch fleet failed for 
 Borneo, i8o miles from Manilla, lying in the 5th de- 
 gree of north latitude. Here they arrived on the 26th, 
 and putting into a large bay, fent to aflc the king's 
 permiflion to trade therr- i but that prince would en- 
 ter into no treaty with them, till ho wasfatisfied they 
 were not Spaniards; afterwards they trafficked for 
 pepi>cr with the P.itarees, a people of Chinefc origi- 
 nal. But at length they found that the Borneans 
 wanted to furprir.e them, having fitted out an hun- 
 dred veflTels called Praws, for that purpofc, who pre- 
 tended to bring them prefents from the king j but the 
 Dutch being on their guard, threatened them with a 
 difcharge of their ordnance if they did not keep off. 
 This tiireat had the defired effcil i and thus they 
 efcaped the meditated mifchief. 
 
 They found the ifland to be one of the largcft in 
 tliofc parts, the people all were warlike, and all ranks 
 going armed ; even the women were bold enough to 
 refcnt an affront with the point of a javelin. — Before 
 they left Borneo on the night of the Ath of January, 
 four of the natives attempted tc cut their cables, but 
 being difcovered and (hot at, they efcaped, and leav- 
 ing their praw behind them, it fell into the Dutch- 
 mens hands. 
 
 A Japanefe junk that they fpoke with in thcfe lati- 
 tudes told them of a great Dutch vcfTel which bad wea- 
 ther had forced into Japan, only 14 of her crew re- 
 maining, and which vcflel they concluded to be Veer- 
 hacen's admiral. 
 
 Having but one anchor remaining, ami the cable 
 very much worn, they were happy in taking a junk 
 fiom Jor, in which they found a (kilful pilot, of 
 -."hofe fcrvices they flood in great need, being fur- 
 ■\ . ided with iflanas, and (hoals, and in an unknown 
 ii'. 
 
 I'hus proceeding with caution, they arrived at 
 Tortan in Java on the aSth, and heard tidings of 
 Dutch (hips at Bantham. The king of that part of 
 the ifland they were informed had conquered Balam- 
 buan, a little ille to the fouthward but a (hort time 
 before their arrival. 
 
 Departing from Java, they fleered for the cape of 
 Good Hope, and in their way faw a Portuc;uefe vef- 
 fel of 600 tons faft between the fhoals. I'his fhip 
 it was faid, was going to Amboyna, in order to engrofs 
 the trade there. 
 
 Having left Java on the N. E. they proceeded on 
 their voyage, and on the 24th of April at night they 
 faw a light which they reckoned to be about four miles 
 north-weft of them, which much furprifcd them as by 
 account they were 36 leagues from land. But tlie next 
 day they found themfclves in 34° 45' S. lat. the wea- 
 ther being calm. At night they faw a light, and the 
 next morning they difcovered land to the north-eaft 
 of them, which was the Cape of Good Hope. 
 
 From thence they fleered for St. Helena, where 
 
 they arrived on the 26th of M.iy, and ha\ lug relVtfhvd i£oi 
 themfclves with what the ifland aflordtd, they dc- *■ -v * 
 parted on the 30th, and again crolTed the Line, In 
 their way to Holland, where they arrived in fafety 
 in two months and fourteen days, cafling anchor 
 before Amflerdam, on the 26th of Augull. 
 
 The fleet in which Scbald de Wcrr w;i3, of whom 
 we made mention, confilted of five fliips^ called t'"- i^'j")"", °' 
 Hope, the charity, the Faith, the Fidelity, and the ^^,|,'',|^^,^"i, .j._ 
 Good News; Sir Jaques Mohu, was the admir.nl, jitiun. 
 Simon dc Cordes, the vice-admiral ; Benninijham 
 Beckholt, and Scbald de VVcrt were captains ot the 
 other vcflels. They fet fail from Amilerdani June 
 27. 1598. 
 
 The admiral dying, when the fleet had reached the 
 Cape Verd ifles, Simon de Cardes fuccccdcd him in 
 the command. From thence they proceeded to Gui- 
 nea, with intention to trade. A French failor came 
 on board them while they were on this coafl, who 
 olFcring to do them fervicc with the Negro king, Sc- 
 bald lie Wert was fent to his majcfty, whom they 
 found feated on a throne about a foot high,,ind drcflcd 
 in fomething like a gaudy fuit of livery. But the 
 place was barren of provifions, fo that the admiral was 
 obliged to dine upon his own, under the pretext of 
 (hewing his majcfty his country fare, to whom h'.'. 
 drank in Spanifn wine ; and this great prince found 
 the liquor fo agreeable to his palate, that he drank 
 till he was carried away aflcep. Two bufTaloes, a 
 boar, and a few fowls were all they could get there ; 
 fo they left the place on the 8th of November, and 
 after touching at Annabon, failed for the ftreights of 
 Maghellan in the beginning of Jdnuary, and entered 
 them at Penguin Ifland, on the 6th of April. 
 
 Having anchored in a bay 54° fouth, on the 15th 
 of April, they remained t'.iere till the 23d of Auguft, 
 in the courfe of which time, they loft 100 of their 
 companv. On May the 7th, while they were em- 
 ployed in taking gudgeons, tliey were attacked by 
 fome of the gigantic favages, whom they repulfed 
 with their (hot, killing fome of them ; which they 
 afterwards revenged by the death of three Dutchmen.* ' 
 Some of the natives of thefe inhofpitable regions dc- ' 
 faced a monument left by the admiral of a fociety in 
 which he was engaged with fix of the principal per- 
 fons} which was ctlled The Fraternity of the Golden _, 
 
 Lion; and likewifc pulled the dead out of their grave-. ' ' '' " ' 
 and horribly difinembered them. They left the 
 ftreights on the 3d of September, but were feparateil 
 on the 7th, Captain de Wert was obliged to ftay, the 
 Faith and Fidelity were alfo left behind, and in the 
 midftof ficknefs.tempefts, and unnumbered difKculties 
 reached the ftreights, where they met with admiral Van 
 Noort, whofe fituation did not put it in his powe^'ttj . 
 relieve his diftrcfTed countrymen. At laft they had'- 
 the fatisfa£lion of leaving the ftreights on the 22d of • 
 January, 1600, and arrived in the Maes, on July 
 14, i6oi.t 
 
 .)■-.' . 
 
 THE VOYAGE OF GEORGE SPILBERGEN. 
 
 : aililiiial 
 lil^ iiuni liic 
 >xvl. 
 
 THIS admiral, with a fleet of fix fhips, failed 
 from the Texcl on the 8th of Auguft,-and paf- 
 fing the Canaries on the nth of Oflober, fteercd for 
 the coaft of Brafil, which they came in view of on 
 the 13th of December, and on the aoth of the fame 
 month, came to the Ifland of Grandes ; on the 30th 
 one of the (hips in company called the Hunter, 
 
 ,yiag tp|th* 
 dij-.uiti^t 
 
 * According to tke Dutch> the weapons which tiiefe faviers 
 ulctl, u'cie darts, with heads tke rokglincl't of which rerembled 
 I.1US, (o that tlierc wat na relief for a pcifua hurt by udc of 
 tliem till it was cut out of tlie wound. 
 
 engaged with the five barks of Portuguefe and Indiana 
 as they heard by the firing, and prefently came up to i^' + 
 
 help her; but a frefli fupply reinforcing the enemy, *~— v— ' 
 the Dutch were obliged to flieeroft". Lying ftill be-^i,|. „!„;,,! 
 fore this ifland, a confpiracy was difcovered, for which fai^ rrom ilie 
 two perlbns who were found guilty, were executed in Texel. 
 tl\c beginning of the new year. After they left this 
 
 place, ; ., 
 
 t In the courfe of their voyare they difcovered three ifiandj 
 without the Strcigliis, to which they gave th« nunc of the Sebal< 
 dins iOcs. 
 
r !i i: V o Y A cj L s (> )' 
 
 iCi: 
 
 A mutinv. 
 
 plact, they AiilcJ to St. Vincent, ;in<l took a biirlc 
 which they burned ; i8 Purtugiu'lc- wliom they iiad 
 made prifoners, being rcfuleU by tlicir cdiuitrymcn 
 to be exchanged for ;i fmaller number uf Dutchmen 
 with fome goods token in the prize which were ofilred 
 into the bargain. 
 
 After having weathered a dreadful ftoim on the 7th 
 of March, huMing on their courfc, a mutiny on the 
 2lft broke out, which was quelled by the command- 
 ers. They ciitercil the Sireiglits of Maghellau on the 
 a4th of the fame month, but the wiiuls and tides 
 forcing tbem out again, they could not re-enter till 
 the ad of April. In the latitude of 54, degrees, they 
 gave the name of Pepper-Haven to a place where they 
 Mund the bark of the trees in tafte to telcmblc that 
 fpice. They trafficked with the favages, exchanging 
 luiives, and fuch fort of commodities for a kind of 
 pearl ; but thefe people foon after flew two of their 
 «ien, having furpnfed a company of tliem on 
 fliore. 
 
 At length, on the 6th of May they made gooi their 
 palTage into the South Sea, where they met with a 
 dreadful (lorm, by which they were much endangered, 
 as they were in fear of fplittiog on ibme illands lying 
 near. 
 
 Proceeding in the Pacific Ocean they came to La 
 Mocha, (which place had been fixed upon for a ren- 
 dezvous in cafe of ieparation). Here they trafficked 
 with the natives, whom they found to be a warlike 
 people, furniihod with military ftores, and enemies 
 to the Spaniards. Here likewiie the Dutch were 
 Supplied with (beep ami poultry. Coming on the 
 a8th to St. Mary's Ifland, they were in\'ited on ihore 
 by a Spaniard, but finding by the appearance of fome 
 foldiers, that foul play was intended, they declined the 
 invitation, and kept the Spaniard prifoner. Landing 
 afterwards, when they approached the town, the peO' 
 pie retired, fetting the church on fire ; the Dutch 
 did the (ame by the houfes ; and four Spaniards were 
 ilain, and two Dutctdmen wounded in a Ikirmifh.— 
 Here they t«ok 500 flteep and fome poultry, and af- 
 terwards (aikd to meet three Spaniih vcflels which 
 they underftood werefent out in (^nefi of tlvem. 
 
 After having pafled Arica, on the 2d of July, and 
 on the i6th t^cn a fltip with fome valuable commo- 
 dities on board, they were met by the royal fleet of 
 Tlie Sptniardi Peru, of eight fail, commanded by Rodrigo de Men- 
 fca-"V '" * ''"'"» w*"<* **'!^ encaged, funk the vice-admiral and 
 *' ^ "' one of tlieir Itups oulol the St. Francis, totally de- 
 feated the enemy, and fo mnch dami^cd the admi- 
 ral's (hip, that (he 3AC0 went to the bottom, after 
 the fight was over. By this naisfortune the king of 
 Spain ]o& a vaft fum expended on the fliips and 
 their preparation. The commander i» chief died of 
 his wounds, and it (cems that '• all the Spaniards 
 who were not killed iir the fight or drowned in the 
 fca, wtrt difpauhi4 iy tbt Duhh, who, on their part 
 had 40 men flain, and 58 wounded. After this fight, 
 the fleet (ailed for Callion dc Lima, in purfnit of the 
 Spaniffa admiral's ihip, not .tpprchending that (he 
 was funk at fra. Purfiting their conrfe for Callion 
 <le Lima, the Spaniards (hoc at them from the fhore, 
 snd were very near finking one of the Dutcli vcfTels, 
 called the Hunter, with a 36 pounder, having an 
 army ofhorfc and foot on fliore, which the viceroy 
 himfelf commanded. 
 
 On the 8th of Auguft they came to Payto^, where 
 they landed- 300 men, after having battered it with 
 their great guns. The people, natwithftanding the 
 fircngtb. of their fortifications, li.id fled to the moun- 
 tains, taking their property with tlienv fo that the 
 Dutch found nothing but bai-e walls left tlieni. 
 Of the Spanilh dominions in that piart of America, 
 
 , , Pedro de Madrieo, of Lima, had anxn them the 
 State of the r 11 • ? 
 
 Spimftd, mi- '""O^ire account. 
 
 BinniinAme. " That Peru, Cwli, aou Terra FirnM, were 
 
 rica, under the command of one and the fame viceroy, 
 
 which office was continued for fix or eight years 
 
 — that the profits of it were 40,000 diuat', per 
 
 annum; with icoe poios' for the cxti^iorJiiury ex- 
 
 a 
 
 jmiicc. (it' eiitcrtaininonti m th,- ;V:i;ls of Chrii^mai, 
 Kpipliimy, &r. aiul liicrwilc Killer; a;id 2000 jitegt* 
 |)cr iiiiiiuni, whfii he let out tlw fil\ .r fko:, — 'Diat 
 the vicirtiy livttl in .ill the pomp liud flate ut a kin;:, 
 iiot llirrlitg out williout lii:> t>'iia,\l 1.1I ,)cnii<>iict>, iiitd 
 if he wont far, he wa> waitcj uii by 100 liuices, aiii 
 50 inulkcts. — 'I'liat there wcir jii I'rfii.Tina, Ciiiiti*,. 
 Carlos, and Lima, ciilaili courts elected loi- the 
 judging of all taulLs, tivil and ctimuia!, appeal Ik-inj 
 made to the Oviidorcs iu civil matter^, and to tliu 
 Alcaids in cnminni, both which otii.:ei were lup- 
 portcd by a yearly (lipend of 3C00 pcr.ues j ai;U tijerc 
 was a filth court of this nature too, eftablilhed in 
 Chili. — The city of Lima (the city of Kings) w.ig 
 honoured with the refidciicc of the viceroy aiid tlu; 
 arch-bi(hop ; it ftaiuls in a pleafant valley, extended 
 a mile and lalf in length, and three quarters in 
 breadth, and was then reckoned to contain 100,000 
 inhabitants, beftdes foreign merchant!). It had four 
 large market-places, and a circado filled with acco 
 Indian artificers.— It had plenty of large buildings 
 dedicated to religion, and other pious ufes : here were 
 thechnrchcs of St. John, St.Marcellus, St. Scbaftian, 
 and St. Ann. The nionaderius of St. Francis, St. 
 Dominick, St. Augulline, and of Our Lady de Lm 
 Meriedes, each of which hhd two cloiftcrs of friar* 
 of their order, and no Icfs than 250 religious within 
 the hounds of every confiderable monaftcry. There 
 were two colleges of Jefuits } the five nunneries of 
 the Incarnation, Cunceptioiv, Trinity, St. Joicph, 
 and St. Clare. 'I'he hofpitals of St. Andrew, for the 
 laity V of St. Peter, for the clergy j of St. Ann, foe 
 the Indians i of Charity, for women only ; of S. 
 Spirito, for failors ; and of S. Lazaro, for incurable. 
 1 here were likewifc in the city two colleges, th« 
 King's College, and that of S. Tonne ; in the former 
 24(ludents were maintained by the king, and in the latter 
 as many by the arc)i-bi(hup. There were reckoned 
 aoo dociors of all faculties here, 400 matters of arts, 
 and 1000 inferior (ludeuts. Here were alio the king's 
 treafury, and a court of inquiAtion ; befules the grand 
 office of the crufada, or court of the pope's bulls, 
 with officers and peufions proportionable to the for- 
 mer. Tliere were reckonal in die city, and the 
 fuburbs of it, above 20,000 (laves ; and it was de- 
 fended by a garrifon of eight companies of foot, and 
 as many of horfe. Sititatc two leagues from the lea, 
 the walls uf it were wafhed by a river, that fon-- 
 timcs fo much fwelkd by great rains, as to carry 
 away the ftonc bridge of nine arches. The Indians 
 who lived here we/c free as well as the Spaniards, 
 only they paid every fix months, twa pezocs, alfu 
 a hen, eight rials, and a piece of cotton or vvo<illen 
 cloths. 'I'he next port of Lima was Callao, in which 
 were about 800 inhabitants. — He added, tlu i Potofi 
 wras liunous for its filvcr mines, and there was a good 
 trade thither from Arica, of bcalh, wheat, meal, 
 maize, and axicoca, au herb for chewing : and for 
 carriages they made ufe of a fort of fheep, that were 
 formed fomcthing like camels. 'Ilicre was a defccnt 
 of 400 (teps down into the mine, in which, as dark 
 and deep as it was, there were above 20,000 Indians 
 continually zt work j and 100 more employed in 
 grinding and carrying, and other things relating to 
 the filver trade. This plate was fo col ., that nothing 
 would grow for four leagues compafs round about, 
 but a certain herb, which thev call ycho. It w.i» 
 reported too, that in Potofi (befidcs the other inha- 
 bitants) there were 1500 gamertcrs, that lived merely 
 by their wits, and were obliged to a pack of cards for 
 maintenance. That not far Trom thence was Chuqui-> 
 faca, adorned with religions houfes like Lima, .tnd 
 had a bilhoprick worth 30,000 ducats per annum. 
 That at 70 milrs diftance l.nv the filvcr mine called 
 Knu'o i and about 180 Spani(h kagtus dilbnt wat 
 the fair haven of Aiica, in the way to which lay 
 many villages well inhabited— —That there was r.no- 
 ther filvcr mine, as cold as Potofi, that lay near 
 Puna, called Cliocola Choca, about which lived ;soo 
 Spjniard>->— — I ha( Cufco hai) a bi(Lop, iiiank'>, 
 
 uid 
 
WILLIAM CORNELISON SCHOUTEN 
 
 ^ 
 
 and two colleges, with fome 6no ftudcnts, and 6000 
 
 Spaiiifli inhabitants That Arequippa had about 
 
 aooo Inhabitants, ami was honoured with tho reft- 
 
 dcnce of a bi(hop, and a corrigidorc That St. 
 
 lago was the chief city of Chili, which was cnrichtd 
 
 with a gold mine That Baldivia was celebrated 
 
 for the fanu', and Coquinibo for its plenty of brai's— 
 That Auroca was no very rich town, but it was dc- 
 fended by a tort, in which a company of Spaniards 
 always lay in garrifon. , , . , ■ 
 
 They took two ftrangc birds of the eaelc kind in 
 the ifland called Leubes,and an Indian vcfllT, by which 
 means a quantity of dried fifti was added to the pro- 
 viiions of the company. They put to fea again on 
 theziftof Augull, and on the 23d anchored before 
 Rio de Tumba. Afterwards they intended to put 
 back to the I(le of Coqucs, in latitude 5» louth 
 but could by no means attain their end. A continu- 
 ation of bad weather left their fhip at the mercy of the 
 elements : and it was not till the ift of October that 
 they anchored in the haven of Acapulco. 
 I „ Here a flag of truce being hung out, they traflicked 
 
 hey traffic ^.^^^ ^j^^ Spaniards, receiving provifions in exchange 
 udUtLim*. for prifoners, and, what was remarkable enough, the 
 ' viceroy's nephew Hernando, came on board to take a 
 viesv of his enemies (hipping. Sailing from Ikiicc 
 they took a bark intended for the pearl fifhery, and 
 anchored in a port in the latitude of 19" north on 
 the I ft of November : after an engagement with the 
 Spaniards on the nth, they failed for the Nativity, 
 
 where having; got what rcfrcflinHUt they wnnfed, tb.y 
 departed 1:1 tile 20th, lUeriiv; I"'' 'he l-adronos, whi- 
 ther the)- ramc on the j ;d o» Ja-ui.iry. 
 
 On the 7th of February they nriiv»<l at thi- l.i- 
 drones, whire tliev found th« lildial.* H-nvilJiii;. t> 
 trade with ihem, (lei.aule they knew them not to ho 
 Spaniards; and after h.iviii^ taken levcial Ivirks iti 
 thefe Teas, they h;,ld on theircoiirfe home ward-', p:<l- 
 (in^ bv Mindanao, bur not coming clofe in with iho 
 liiorti.'for fear of the dangerous ihoais upon tWU 
 co»ft^». ' ,, 
 
 Thus priicctdirior, after touching at Tcihatp, the 
 iDutch fleet came "to J.vatrn on the"" 15th of Seprein- 
 ■ber, wlkrc tlin vellcls were refitted, when thev iin- 
 derftood that tliey wi.re in no danger from tlie Sp.'.iiilll 
 fleet lent before to the iVIoluceas, the pre^iaratioii of 
 which had taken up four years, as the admiral was no 
 more, and the Ihips li.id retired to (ho Manillas. Here 
 they mot fomc (hips of their own country full of 
 Spaniih treafiire ; and on ihc 20ih of t>i3ol)er fell in 
 with the Concord, a Ihip of Home, which wiis joined 
 to their little fleet. The Nall'iu came to Baiitham 
 from Mocha, on the lothof November, aud on tho 
 I2th nf December the Aniftcrdam, and the Middle- 
 burgh, came thither from the Streights of Malacca. 
 The admiral fettinsr fail with thefe, touched at St. 
 Helena on the laitday of March, ant! having com- 
 pleated his voyage, arri'veil at Zealand in the month 
 of July, 1616. ' 
 
 ..-,1? 
 
 Tlicv arrive al 
 Zcii'.a x\. 
 
 THE VOYAGE OF WILLIAM CORNELISON SCIIOUTEN, 
 
 - r- - . '. Vv,.., ,-;■_, OF HORNE. ■ n' .>,-.-^- •-...-■., . 
 
 . T^HIS voyaM was undertaken on the ideas only 
 
 ' '5 X of Ifaac Le Maire, a merchant of Amfterdam, 
 
 and William Cornelifon Schouten of Home, that 
 there was yet another paflage tu be found to the 
 South Seas befides that difcovered by Maghcllanf. For 
 the purpofe of making this experiment, tw6 (hips 
 were equipped, called the Unity, of 360 tons, and 
 65 men, the one commanded by the adventurer, 
 whofe voyage is the fubjcdl of our relation, the other 
 called the Home, of no tons, of which John Cor- 
 Iclioutcn "n-|^j|j|-^jjgj.|^Qyjg|^^2j|^j|jf|,|. Being properly provided 
 
 with guns, ammunition and provifions, the Unity 
 came to the Tcxel on the 27th of May, and her 
 confort joined her on the 3d of June, 1615. From 
 thence they proceeded on their voyage, touching in 
 their way at Dover, and having failed by the Cana- 
 ries, palfed the tropics of Cancer on tlic 15th of 
 July. Anchoring at Cape Vcrd, they procured a 
 fupply of fre(h water, and departed on the firft 
 of Auguft, and on the 21ft of the fame month made 
 the high land of Sierra Lcona. And, after getting 
 clear of the (hallow.-!, anchored at the iflaml of Ma- 
 ri>c fleet drabomba, which the Dutch delVribe as full of bogs, 
 
 times to Ma- and mar(hcs, a h.abitation for wild beafts, where they 
 liiliuiiilja. live unintcrruptetl by mankind. F'om ilicnce they 
 came before the village in the road <'f Sierra Leona, 
 where, having given a pledge for theirgooti intentions, 
 the natives carried on a traflic with them, and the 
 woods on (hore luruKhed the cicws with lemons in 
 abundance. 
 
 The (liips failed from Siena Lcona, on the 4th 
 of Odlobcr, and the next day, being in 4' 27" fouth 
 lat. a (Irange incicfent happened, which ts thus re- 
 VoL. I. N»5. 
 
 ♦ In ihcfc pirts [htir bcft prufocft was nnihinf, l>ut a raii^c 
 of liills covciiil witli ice. Tliey law a vaft iiuaiitii ,' :)f penguin:, 
 and (uch numhcrs of whales that tlicy wctc obliged 10 be very 
 cauticusin their (Icerage, Idl they Oiould run fojl of their en- 
 ormous bodiei. 
 
 t The Itaics of Holland hid fotbid^lcn all tiieU diips, (fil- 
 
 iated : " This day at noon they were furprifeJ 
 with a violent ftroke given to one of their ihips in A nrjrign 
 the Jowcr part of it. No adverfary appeared, no rock '""• " • 
 was in the w.ay to be encountered with j but while 
 this amufcd them, the fea all about them began to 
 change colour, and looked as if fome gicat fountain 
 of blood had been opened into it. Tliis fuddcn alter- 
 ation of the water was no lefs furprifing than the 
 (hock fuftaincd by the (hip. But of the ca^ife both 
 of the one and of the other they were equally igno- 
 rant till they had come to Port Defire, and had there 
 fet the (hip upon the llrand, in order to make her 
 clean. Then they found a large hornj both in form 
 and magnitude rclembling an elephant's tooth, kick- 
 ing fait in the bottom of the ihip : it was a firm, 
 fmooth, and folid body all over, there being no cavity 
 or fpungy matter in the midft of it, but all over ^.< 
 compacl and denfc a fubftancc as it appeared in the 
 exterior parts. It had pierced through thice tlout 
 planks of the (hip, and razed f ne of her ribs." Ir 
 was afterwards concluded that thi^. horn which hud 
 entered half a foot into the veflel's bottom, leaving 
 as much more on the outfidc, had belonged to fon^.e 
 monftrous f.fh, that having m.ade an afiault upon 
 the (hip, was unable to withdraw its weapon, which 
 breaking in the attack, occafiontd fuch an effuficn of 
 blood as difcoloured the furroundlng ocean. 
 
 On the third of November they law Afcep*ion 
 Ifland, and the compajiy having been apprifed of 
 the defign of this voyage, to which before they weic 
 Itrangets, the vellels Iteercd for Port Defiiv, but 
 when they came to 4.7'40 ' fouth lat. milling the chan- 
 nel, they failed into a crooked ba)', which fiom ihe 
 P imm- 
 
 ccpc lucb as iicloH'^ed to the Kail liu\\.\ cunipanv to pnfs to the 
 irilics, tiilwr by the Cajic of <iuo.l llo^ ur the brrei^Iiti nf 
 ALi^hcllan, which piohibiiioii let ihi; i;ivet!iion of iomc to 
 wotK tolind'tnothet iinflage. It Maire jn'l our advciauicr, in 
 conluqueutc ot tucb a notion enteted on this (cheme, and the 
 Ultei einbitkcd iu ihi; oxjtihiiun. 
 
io 
 
 THE VOYAGE OF 
 
 numhcr of rmelt« taken there, they called Smelts Bay, 
 and there they were near lofing the Unity. But this 
 danger part, they anchored in the haven of Port Dc- 
 fire, on the 8th of November, in zo fathom water, 
 but the ground being flippery ftoncs, the thips drove 
 from their anchors, and both were likely to be loft, 
 the Unity lying with her fide on the clifts, and the 
 horn being ftuck in fuch a manner that a pcrfon 
 might walk under her at low water. Yet a flood and 
 favour&ble weather brought them both off, beyond 
 the expeAation of thofc on board. The next d^y (bey 
 proceeded farther up the river, where they found 
 abundance of fea mews, and turniflied themfelves with 
 fome thoufands of the eggs of thofe birds. Two djiys 
 afterwards they faw oftrichcs and a kind of harts upon 
 the coaft,and, according to the report of thefe voyagers 
 fomc burial places were found wherein were depolited 
 bones of an unufual fize, which apparently had be- 
 longed to the gip;antic natives of the country. And 
 here while they were endeavouring to clear the horn, 
 burning reeds under her bottom, uic took fire by ac- 
 cident, and was totally confumed ) the guns, anchors, 
 and iron-work, however, were faved and put on 
 board the other veflel. 
 
 On the 1 5th of January the Unity failed out of Port 
 Defire, but being becalmed, was obliged to anchor 
 before the haven, which Schoutcn left with the firft 
 fair wind, in order to profecute his intended difcovery. 
 On the 20th he faw btcencrofs Drive, and being 20 
 Ic-igucs to the fouthward of thcMaghellanic Streights, 
 by account, ftecrcd fouth by weft, and the next day 
 faw land to the weft and weft fouth weft, and after- 
 wards to the fouth i and the north wind made them 
 take in their top-fails while they were Iving by an 
 eaft fouth eaft courfe, to get above the land. Coming 
 clofe with the fltorc to the eaft, on the 25th, they called 
 it Staten Land, and to that which lay weftward they 
 gave the name of Maurice-Land. The land upon 
 the fouth fide of the paflagc at the weft end of Maurice 
 Land, appeared to tend weft fouth weft, and fouth weft, 
 being a craggy ftioreas far as was within view. 
 
 Tnus proceeding they found thcmfelves in a fair way 
 forfuccccding in the diftovery, which wasat length put 
 out of doubt by obferving the high land to the fouth 
 of the ftrcights of Maghcllan to end in a point or 
 cape, to which they gave the name of Cape Home, 
 and laid it down in 59° 48 ' fouth lat. and the ftrcights 
 they had failed through were termed the Streights ofLc 
 Maire, who, as we have faid, failed with^chouten 
 upon the expedition. Having loft fight of land, they 
 perceived a large fwcll from the fouthward, and a 
 bluenefs in the fea, that indicated the conflux of 
 thofe two mighty nccans, which here meet one ano- 
 ther and extend their mighty arms to circle the vaft 
 continents of this h.nbitable globe. 
 
 During their paflagc through thcfe new difcovered 
 ftreiahts they had a fcries of blowing wrather, and a 
 fog./v air, and when they loft fight of land were ftill 
 foKcd to encounter with heavy gales. But having 
 fiirmoiintcd all thefe difficulties, and gone .is far as 
 5g' 25" fouth, they were at length enabled to hold a 
 northward courfe, and on the 12th of February had 
 the latisfaiftion of feeing the Maghellanic Streients to 
 the ealtward of them, on which they celebrated their 
 fiirccfs in a cup of good wine, and prefently forgot 
 all former difliculties. 
 
 Kiom hence they refolvcd tofteer for Juan Fernan- 
 dez, which they reached on the ift of March, at 
 noon, and reckoned it to lie in jT 48" fouth lat. 
 bi4t though they were picafed with the appearance of 
 the land, yet not being able to bring the fliip up to 
 an anchor clofe by it, they departed, having taken a 
 quantitv of fifti, and fupplied themlelves with frefh 
 water. Having paflid the tropic of Capricorn, on the 
 3d of April, at which time the flux raged among 
 them, on the nth they came to an ifle, to which 
 they gave the nan>e of Dog Ifland, lying in 15' n'' 
 fouth. Their only refrelhment here was fome herbs, 
 and they n.-imed the ifland after a fet of animals like dogs 
 (probably of the Peruvian breed) which could neither 
 6 
 
 fnarl nor bark. «' On the i4tli about fun-fct (fayj 
 our account} tht-y came within a league of a large low 
 illand, from whence a canoi? advanced lo meet thcm^ 
 the men naked, with long black hair, and their bodiej 
 of a reddilh colour. They made fijjns to the Dutcli 
 to come aftiurc, and called to them in their language^ 
 and though they anfwcrcd them in their own, 3io 
 Spanifti, Molucca, and javan tongues, yet the In- 
 dians undcrftoixl them not ; fo that both fides WLrc 
 in the dark as to each others minds. When they jrot 
 up to the ifland and founded, they found no bottom, 
 neither was there any change of water, though they 
 were within a mulket fliot of the Ihore. Here the 
 Indians and they had another unintelligible confe- 
 rence, hut the former couUi not be perfuudeJ to ccrac 
 up to the ftiip by any figns the Dutch could make to 
 invite them to it, as neither would tlie Dutch go 
 afliore to them, though ftill they kept pointing, while 
 neither fide underftoud one word that was fpoken by 
 the other. 
 
 " Sailing afterwards 10 leagues to the north-weft, 
 to get above the land, they coaftcd the next mornin<; 
 along ihore, where they perceived feveral of thole 
 naked people calling to them (as they gucflcil) to 
 land. Prefently after ojic of the canoes came towards 
 the fliip, but would not conic up to it, vet veiuurcj 
 towards the fliallop, where the Dutch and thofc In- 
 dians fell to their myfteriuus converfation again. 
 
 " The Dutch gave thorn beads and knives, and 
 leveral things that pleafed thein, which kinJncfs em- 
 boldened them at laft to come a little nearer the 
 ftlip, hut ftill they would not go aboard h.'i, but got 
 back into the fliallop. Neither had they any grt-ar 
 reafon to be fond of their company flitrc, tor they 
 were a parcel of ligjit-fingercd fellows, having much 
 the fame degree of confcicnce and horefty as tliofc 
 at the Ladrones. They liked iron as th; Ladronians 
 did, and they loved like them to ftcal it. The very 
 nails of the cabin windows and the bolts upon the 
 doors could not keep their places for them, but tlicy 
 would have them off; this was found to be true, by 
 an inftance of one of them, who had cunningly flip- 
 ped into the (hip, and pulled out all the window- 
 nails, which for fecurity's fake he had ftuck into his 
 hair. Nay, they were lo very impudent, that what- 
 ever they laid hands on was their own (tho' the owner 
 looked on all the while) if he did not rr«wver his 
 right by force. When the Dutch gave them fomc 
 wine, they drank the liquor and kept the cup, fo 
 when they threw oiita rope to bring them to the (hip, 
 they would neither iife the rope nor return it. Aiid 
 their qualities were not more odd than the figure they 
 made ; for (befidcs that they were all naked, except 
 the pudenda, which they covered with a piece of 
 mat , their (\f\n was all over figured with fnakes, 
 dragons, and fuch like vermin, which were very 
 fignificant emblems of their own fubtle and mifchic- 
 vous natures." 
 
 The Dutch having a mind to try if any thing 
 were to be done with them, or to be gotten in the 
 ifland, fcnt their fliallop with eight mufcjuctcers and fix 
 fvvords-mcn befides other lonipany of the fliip. They 
 were no fooner landed than 30 ot thcfe people 1 iifticii 
 out of a wood upon tlicin, armed with great clubs 
 .md flings and long ftavcs ; they would ha\c fcizcd 
 the fliallop and taken a.vay the foldiers arms; but 
 the mufquetccrs letting fly amongft them, kept them 
 from the fin of robbery at tl1.1t time, and forced them to 
 be honcft whether they would or not., This ifland 
 they called tSe Ifle without Ground, hccaufc they 
 could not anchor there : it w.is not brond, but long, 
 and full of trees, which the Dutcl» gucflid to be co- 
 coas and palmettos. It wns a white, fandy ground, 
 and lay in 15" fouth, about a hundred le.igues from 
 Dog Ifland. 
 
 Leaving thefc people, whofc language they could 
 not undcrftand, and of whofe manners and niorah 
 thev had fo bad a fpecimen, the Unity departed, and 
 in her courfe pafl'ed two idands, to one of which they 
 gave the appellation of Water Ifland, on account of its 
 
 low 
 
William cornelison s c h o u t e n. 
 
 low and marfliyfituation.nnd named the other Fly Iflantli 
 from a quantity of flics, which furrounding loine of 
 khe crew who landed and went into the woods, be- 
 came a mere pert to them and tl\eir companions at 
 their return. It was about four days before they got rid 
 of this plague of flies, and with an hearty good will 
 fet fail from I'ly Idand, where, previous to this in- 
 convenicncej a wild man, (which one would think 
 was no very extraordinary fight in thofc parts) hud 
 ftrucit a panic into their company. 
 Ithc Ditch Atthediftance of about 1510 leagues by accornt 
 
 Vkc an Indian from the toaft of Peru, in 15" 20' fouth lat. they took 
 Wik. a bark, the crew of which would not ftrike when two 
 
 pieces of ordnance were fired at thent, but yielded to 
 the (hallop with \p mufquetcers on board, moft of the 
 men throwing themfclvcs into the water, and the reft 
 with their women and children furrtndering to the 
 conquerors, who ufcd them well (according to their 
 own relation) drefled their wounds, entertained them 
 on board the fliip, and ftnt all that they had taken 
 prifoners freely back again. The bark thtfc Indians 
 were in, the Dutch fay, w.is formed in the following 
 manrtcr : " It confiAed of two canoes faftened to- 
 gether, in the midft of which were laid two broad 
 phiiks of red wood, to keep <iut the weather, and 
 feveral othns went crofs from one canoe to the other, 
 which were made very faft and clofc above, and hung 
 a aoo<l way over on both fides. At the cud of one of 
 the canoes on the (larboard fide, there flood a mail with 
 a fork in the end of it, where the yard lay ; the fail 
 was made of mats, and •' ropes of fuch ftufl^as the 
 fig-frails in Spain confift of. They had ncitlier com- 
 pafy, chart, nor any furniture, for the Teas, but only 
 a few fifliing hooks, the upper part of each of which 
 was ftoiu, and the other black bone, tortoife-fticll, or 
 mother c^i pearl." What was ftill more extraordinary, 
 Wf are told tli.it thev had no occafion for iVeflj water, 
 a'^, hcfidts having locourfe to the liquor of a few cocoa 
 niif:, not only the men and women, but even their 
 fniiUeft rhiiilren could drink with fatisfuflion out of 
 thefca whicl I flowed around them. The Dutch faw ano- 
 ihir of thefe barks on the nth of the fame month, 
 which failed fo fail, that few Kurope.ins could out go 
 her. That day they made two iflands, at one of 
 which they anchored. They reckoned it to lie in 
 16" 10'' fouth lat. and from the number of cocoas 
 IC.icoj ir«n<'. growing on the (hores, denominated it Cocoa Ifland. 
 Here they met with a people who feemed willing to 
 trade and exchange provifions and other commodities 
 with them ; but like fome of the other idanders in 
 thofe parts, they found them treacherous enough when 
 they had an advantage. Thefe favages afterwards 
 boardut the fhallop in order to take her, and laughed 
 at the firft difcharge of the mufquetry, but the fecond 
 being better diretSed, they were conv inccd of the ex- 
 ecution which fire-arms could do, and taught better 
 manners. After this they were as troublefomc in 
 their importunities to trade with the Chriftians, as 
 before they had been in their attempts to rob and mur- 
 der tliein. Admiring much at the fhip's ftrength, they 
 not only climbed up her fide like cluftering bees, but 
 dived uiidcr htr, and examined her bottom. 
 
 Tlie Dutch were well enough plcafed with this 
 traffic, which was carried on in a friendly manner, and 
 the king of the favages fcnt them .1 hog by the way of 
 prefcnt, for which he had taken nothing in return ; 
 his fon alfo was kindly entertained on board the fliip, 
 though his majefty dtcliiied comin;> in jK-rfon. Yet 
 notwlthftanding all this, on the morning of the 13th, 
 a vart number of large velfels and canoes, containing 
 about 800 Indians furroundcd the Dutch fhip. Hav- 
 ing in vain endeavoured to deceive the ChiilVians by 
 pretending that they came only to dire>^t them to a 
 
 '^' Oi'.c of tlie natives dcte^Vcd^ was purfucil and fcvcrely 
 t'cnicn liv tUc l.inj;'. oilkcts, who faicl tint vf Lis Majefty hail 
 kiioun ilic iiLitiir, ihc ortcndcr would have loll his litad. This 
 «rit much more niipjit ptdTihly he accounted tor hv the fear 
 wlii.-tcin tliev Oood iif the Dvitch fire ;uni-, which uas hiclithat 
 the l.ivg. lliuui;ti u(,rn.).:5 '.j licar ll.c oul:i»:'.cc jjo ut), and ap- 
 
 platJc where they might be accommodated, thtfc fa- 1616 
 vages gave a fudden onfet, the king himfelf who was > , ' 
 prcfent, leading the way, and pulhing his vcffel fo 
 forcibly on to the attack, that the heads of two of 
 his canoes wcrcdafheil in pieces with the (hock. But 
 the great ordnance of the Dutch playing upon them, 
 as well as the fmall arms, they were glad to dcfift 
 from their purpole. This place the Captain called 
 Traitor's ifland i yet at the very next ille which hcTiaiut'j 
 c.ime to, he found much the fame fort of treatment, Iil«a>l- 
 and would have loft his (hallop but for the fpirited re- 
 finance of the crew. 
 
 When they came under 16° '5' fouth latitudef on 
 the 1 8th of May, it was refolved to (leer in fuch a 
 manner as to fall in fouthward with New-Guinea. 
 In confequencc of this refolution, they dircitcd their 
 courfe N. N. W. and on the 19th they (aw two iflands« 
 to one of which they came on the 21ft, where they 
 were defied by fome Indians coming in two canoes 
 from thediore ; but having chaftifcd the inlokncc of 
 thofe favages by a difcharge of their guns, which 
 killed two of their company, they heard no more of 
 them, but the next day received from their country- 
 men a fupply of cocoas, ubes rootSj and roafted 
 hogs, for which beads, knives and nails were given 
 in exchange. The habitations of thefe Indians, which 
 were full in view, were ten or twelve feet in height^ 
 .ibout 25 in compafs, and thatched with leaves 1 thjir 
 bed was dried herbage, and a club made the whole of 
 their furniture, as well as their defence againft their 
 enemies. The Dutch exchanged hoftages with thefe 
 jieople, fending three of their principal men in the 
 room of fix Indians, whom they retained. The king, 
 who feemed to entertain an idea of good faith, caufed 
 .;reat rcfpedl to Ik; paid to his gucfts on (horc, and 
 would not fuller any of his fubjeiSls to dlfturb fuch of 
 tlic crew as came to water.* 
 
 But after all, there was very little to be gotten on 
 this ifland, as the Indians themfelves had not at that 
 time a plenty of hogs, for which the Dutch chofc 
 ehiefly to barter. And befidcs, it appeared (though 
 the king and his company even fet their tiaras of fea- 
 thers on the heads of two of the Dutchmen) )■ yet they 
 wanted their euefts to be gone j for they would have 
 bought their aofence with 18 hogs and a quantity ot 
 cocoas, and would have eng.tgcd them in a war with 
 the king of the other ifland. Though all this time 
 both prince and people continued their marks of re- 
 fpe£l to the Chriftians, kifling their feet, and laying 
 them crofs their necks, in token of awe and venera- 
 tion. The account of thefe voyagers, fays— —" The 
 30th was made a day of folemnities, by the coming of 
 the king of the other ifland to vifit the king of tliis. Strange cete- 
 He came with a train of 300 of his naked Indians, monies of .lie 
 that had bunches of green herbs fluck about tJieir mid- '"''i»"'- 
 dies, of which they prepared their drink : And that 
 he might be fure to be welcome, he alfo brought 116 
 liogs along with him. When thefe two princes were 
 within fight of each other, they began to bow and 
 fcraix:, and muttered out certain prayers to themfelves : 
 When they met, they both fell down with their faces 
 flat upon the ground, and after feveral very ftrange 
 gcftures ufed, they got up upon their legs, and walked 
 away to the feats provided fur them ; where, after they 
 had muttered fome more prayers and bowed very reve- 
 rently toonc another .igain, with much ado they lat down 
 under a canopy provided for them. And now to make 
 the flrangc king the more welcome, a meflcngcr was 
 difpatched to the Dutch fhip, to get drums and trum- 
 pets afhore ; fo the trumpets founded, and a march 
 was beat up, to the very great enterfainment of the 
 two kings. After this thry prepared for a folemn 
 banquet ; and in order to it, began to make ready their 
 
 liquor. 
 
 prifcd of the ctfe£l, y.t ran into the woods with all his courticrt, 
 as foon as he heard the difcharge. 
 
 t Tliefc crowns were made of red, green, and white feathers ; 
 each of ihc king's council had one of the doves fining by him 
 upon a ftick. 
 
Si 
 
 T H K VOYAGE OF 
 
 ''jl6 liqiim rtliifh ihcv ilid ill tliiv flovciilv inaiiiur: 'I lure 
 
 *- — i—t cami-inl(itl)r|)aii.iic>atiiiii|Mii\ i.l tiTi(iu'>, » itii;lj;ooil 
 tjiumlity III c.iM.i, (llu-luil) oi vvhiih lli' y in.ikc tlicir 
 tlriiik) cikli lit' wliiim liiw liij; iiinnniil iii a momli- 
 Itil ol li lluy \k'^m\ t» till w tmicilaT i li.ivino, ilicwcil 
 it a wliilf tliiy put ll nut iif tluii iiimiilis into alarjic 
 woollen troiigli, am' |i(iiiail water upon it, ami Till lo 
 Hiiriiig and I'qiKi/.iiig it, ami liaving prilled out all 
 the goodncfs, thiv pultiilid it in cups to ilio two 
 kings. 'I'hcy were l<> civil likcwili.-, us to orter the 
 Dutch Ibme of it who were ready to vi iiiit at the 
 li(;lit of tlieprepar.itioii. As lor tlie eating part of the 
 ciitettainnunt, it conl'ilicd ot' ubes roots rualled, ami 
 hogs dre/led alter a very nkt manner. They hail 
 rip|icd up the bcllicii, and laken out tiicguts of them ; 
 and (lien putting hot Itonea into their bellies, and fin- 
 ging off thcoutfidc hair, uitliout anv farther ilrdfing, 
 or eleanfing, they were lit for tlie kind's table. They 
 prellnted two of thele hogs to tlie l}utch, with all 
 tlie I'omi ami reremrmy tlicy ul'ed to their kings, lay- 
 ing tlieiii firft upon their lieads, and then kiKeling 
 with much jiiimility, left them at their feet. 'I'hey 
 gave tlieni befides, eleven nioie alive; for which thiy 
 received a prefent of knives, old nails, and beads,— 
 Jhefe people were of a dark yellow colour, (Irong, 
 and well proportioned bodies, fo tall and big, that 
 the largcll amongft the Dutch would have been ;natch- 
 id by the lead of them. Some wore their h.iir curled, 
 fome frizzled, Ibme tied up in knots \ and Ibine had it 
 Handing up-right on their heads like hogs brillles, a 
 quartcrof an ell high. 'I'lic king, and lomc of his 
 courtiers, had long locks hanging down below their 
 hips, bound up with a knot or two, but the women 
 were all cropped dole ( and befides, were very ugly 
 figures, being (hort anil ill fhaped, and their brealls 
 hanging down to their bellies. Both fexcs went na- 
 ked all to the pudenda : Tlwy feemeil to be a pcopK' 
 wholly void of devotion, and all worldly care and 
 prudence, livinp; jull as the inferior animils do upon 
 what the earth itl'elf produced, without the folicita- 
 tionsof art and iiuluftry. 'I'licy neither fowed nor 
 reaped, nor bouglit nor fold, nor did any thing for a 
 livelihood, Iea\ iiig all to the care of nature, which 
 if it failed at any time tlicy muft ftarvc : and they had 
 ,ns little regard to the laws of decency ani modcfty too 
 as to thofe of civil prudence and policy, for they made 
 ufe of their wives openly, in the greateft afl'tmblies ; 
 iven before their king too as much as they reverenced 
 him " In their manners, in many of"^ thcfe parti- 
 culars, the reader will find a llriking refemblance with 
 thofe of the Indians mentioned by our modern cir- 
 cuinna\ igators. 
 Htfrnc IflanJ. ' " '''"• p''"^*^ '''<•' Dutch gave the name of Hornc 
 Ifland, and called the bay Unity B-iy, from whence 
 they fet fail on the Inll day of June, and for 20 days 
 law no land, but on the 21ft of the lame month, 
 difcovered a low ifland, feme of the natives of which 
 came of!" in a canoe, and were in manner and ap- 
 pearance much like the Indians already defcribcd, ex- 
 cept that they had bows and arrows, which were the 
 firft weapons of that fort that Schouten's company 
 had i'xn fince their tnteriiig the Pacific Ocean. Thclc 
 people gave thcfe ftrangeia to underftand by figns, that 
 there was mere lai.d, and a likelihood ol better con- 
 \ enicnce farther to the weftward j and the latter fliaped 
 their courfc according to this information. On the 
 ,14th tli'jy fell in with three ides, which they called tlie 
 (Jrecn illands, and law another on St. John the Hap- 
 tift's dny, to which they gave his namt. Difcover- 
 inj:, at the fame time very high land to the fouth weft ; 
 thev coniluded it to be the point of New Guinea, anil 
 J^nv Guinea, flood for it. Having reached it by noon, they coafted 
 along fhovc, and tlic ftiallop being lent to found, was 
 alTaulted bv the natives, as was alfo the fliijvthe next 
 d.iv i but the Dutch having the viOflory in both con- 
 ' tclK, thcfe favage-, who before would not undcrftand 
 their figns, nor ani'wer to their kind offers, became 
 more intelligent and tiaitablc, ranfoming a prifoner ta- 
 ken in the night, at the price of 10 hogs, and fupplying 
 the (hangers with what they wanted by way of barter. 
 
 ■Jhe DurU dipatk'd i.n tin- uFih, fli'l liiling v.-iilt 
 the point of this ill.;iul in vi. w, and .dfu I nv levii.il 
 nioie. On llu j;;tli loiiif ulin r Iiidi;;n^, mappiji- 
 aiiiv inoie pe.Ki.ddi' and nindLlI, caiix. to iIkim iit. 
 their eaiioes 1 and on the fiill of July tli^y aiuh^ircil 
 betweiii an illaiid .dioiit IwomiUs in tiiigth, and l'ii>: 
 film l.iiidof Ni w Cjiiinea. 
 
 IKie the lliip w.is furiouiid 'd b)' .bout 2^ cinoii 
 nianiiid willi ihnle people vslm li.id lielVue feuiied (if 
 lb pi.ieealiK .1 dilpolitiiii, but who iiou came lo f.y 
 iheir ilieligt'!i ill wai, in which lonleU, as in moil uf 
 the like ii^.tuii', ihe Kuroptan;. pieleiitly gaining .m 
 evident advaiilaiie by means of tlieir liu-.iriuv, the 
 aljiiilants v;^\i:. li. fiat.d, and ihe Dutch were fiilbaid 
 to proeeid unnioUfted. Thus continuing then cniuje 
 on the ()ili ihey l.iw a very liigli bill to Uk' S. S. W, 
 which they thoil;:ht to be the hill (jeemaimpi in liiiii- 
 da, but found llieir millake, loon aftcrdilcoveriii;; liiree 
 other hills, Ibme of which were volcanos, on which 
 account thc'V gave the place the ii.iine of Vulcan's 
 llland, " 1"he ifland (lays the writer of the voyai'.e) VoUanct. 
 was well inhabited, and full of ci)co:i>., but iliere 
 was no anchoring' there, Tlie pcojile were naked, 
 and extremely fearful of the Dutch, and their lan- 
 guage li) very difterent liom all thereabouts, lh,il 
 none of the blacks they [llic DulchJ had with them, 
 could underftand them. There appeared more ifland. 
 north and north weft ; but they held their courfe to 
 one that lay north weft by weft, whither they came 
 that evening. The water there they obllrvexl to b:: 
 of divers colours, green, white, ami yellow, which 
 probably was the cftcifl of the mixture of Ibme rivers', 
 becaule it was far fweeter than the lea water, and w.i> 
 full of leaves and boughs of trees, anil lonie h.id biidii 
 and cr.ibs fattened upon them," 
 
 The next ifland they came to, wa.s inhabited by ai'jp.u. . 
 people calhd Papoos, remark.ible for nothing but lluiv 
 ill features, which were not ai all let ufi by tin tii»- 
 comely ornaments of rings in their noles, lows of 
 hog* teeth worn lound their necks, and fueli lort of 
 favage finery. In ftiort, their appeaiaiice was fuch 
 as dilgulled even to loathing, a people not very curi- 
 ous in the arts of drefs, and who have never bun re- 
 marked for nicety of tafte .imongft the European nat inns. 
 The hnufes of thcfe lavages were elevated on ftakcs 
 .about nine feet above the ground, ,i cullom amongfl 
 many of the Indian nations, who live as if they were 
 in continual fears of a general deluge. — Leaving the 
 country of the Papoos, the Dutch caiiK- to another 
 ifland, from which they were frightened away, ni t by 
 the deformity of the people, but by the dear rates at 
 which they valueil fuch provifionsas they had todifptifc 
 of. And now Schouten's fleet, ftill proceeding, vet 
 remained in Miicertaiiity, whether they h<id really been 
 all this while on the coaft of New Guinea or not, the 
 charts not agreeing with their obfervations. 
 
 As they failed, on the 1 5 tli, along (hore of two ifland', 
 on which obferving abundance of cocoa lice,.;, the 
 captain difpatched a party properly atnitd, in the 
 fhallop and the boat, to procure fome of the fruit, 
 but, notwithftanding all the advaiiMge of their fire- 
 arms, thtfe were fo loughly handled by the Indi.ins, j\ (ni- r.; \t 
 that they were obliged to return without having cf- I'l''':'' "tr'ii! 
 IVdIed their jiurpole. Afterwards the fliip came to"'''* 'Ik lo- 
 an aiiehor at the ("mailer ifland, where a number of the '""''■ 
 crew l.iiiJed, and burned leveral hou!'esof the natives, n, 
 wlio rlttrwariis came auil made peace with them, ,..,„^,i,,i > ,^ 
 brinjrnig fruits of divers kinds, and being prefented il.».ai. 
 with beads and tny^, the dift'iTence waf, amicalilv ad- 
 jiilled. Matters- being thus aceommoiUtcd, we find, 
 " Thi y continued ti,iding for cocoas, banaii.a«, cafla- 
 iiie [ealliivi or taliadaj and papede, of the former they 
 got as inuili as came to 50 nutr, and t«o bur.tlics of 
 banana a man. This papede and calliinic arc alio 
 Kall-lndia commodities j and the latter j.aiticulailv 
 is alfo admirably good in the Weft-IndiT, and'lVr 
 beyond what they met witU here. The pciple iTud.- 
 all tlu ir bread of it, and baked it into lar^'c rriind 
 cakes for that purpofe. They called their own illaiid 
 Moa, which VIMS the mofl eafttily, the otiur, ovir 
 
 a^aiiilt 
 
CAPTAIN D A M P I i: U. 
 
 53 
 
 asninft it Jufiin, and tl 
 from New Ciiiiiica, Ar 
 
 and the fiirthcrmoft nhout fix leaRues 
 
 ■thoutcn's 
 in>nd. 
 
 iKircflioUrt 
 Icait'iiiiiakc 
 ■felt at lea. 
 
 Th.ff people had pro- 
 bahly been vifitcd by fomc Kuropcans before, as they 
 had Spanifli jars and pots, and wcj-c not fiirprifed at 
 great giiMs, as the other Indians iifually were, nor fu 
 curio' s in looking into the (hip as ablglute (trangers 
 to <\i M a tliina miyht be fuppoled to be. 
 
 Proceeding by the land in a north weft they came 
 on the 2i(l at noon into lat. lo' 13'' north, !><\d 
 anchored near a cliiftcr of illands where they had tem- 
 pcftnous weather, and after their departure were over- 
 taken by fomc canoes of Indiani,' who like the for- 
 mer fecincd to \k 110 ftrangcrs to the Europeans j but 
 were larger and of a more yellow complexion than 
 thofe ot Moa. They brought a fruit like prunes, 
 cocoas, and bananas, to barter, and others brought 
 porcelain ware. They wore glafs beads, and car-rings, 
 and were armed with bows and arrows. The next 
 day they faw another iflc which they called Schouten's 
 Ifland. 
 
 On the 29th as they were holding on their courfc, 
 they felt a very fenfiblc (hock, which alarmed the 
 (hip's company, who thought no Icfs than that the 
 velfel had ftruck upon fome unknown rock or (hoal, 
 but (inding tliemfelves evidently clear of all fuch 
 dangers, and not being able to get ground upon found- 
 ing, they rcafonably concluded that it was an earth- 
 quake which had thus (hakcn the watry regions. 
 And when they put Into a great bay the next day, 
 the (hock wits repeated, and a moft dreadful thunder- 
 ftorm cnfued witn torrents of rain, which probably 
 brelirved them from the pernicious ciFeAs of the 
 lightnings that glared around them. 
 
 In this variable weather, thty had twice palTed the 
 equinoAial line ; and, on the third of Auguft, being 
 in 15" north lat. conceived that they, had reached the 
 cndof New Guinea, having failed 230 leagues along 
 the coaft. 
 
 They how faw two iflands to the weftward, from 
 wl'iencu came feveral canoes with tobacco, rice, and 
 Indian beahs. The people of ttiefe parts fpokc the 
 langu.ige of Teriiate and the Malayan tongue, and 
 fomc were acquainted alio with the S^ahi(h. Some 
 ' were cloatntd with loofc filks aboUt their waifts, other! 
 wore breeches, and tht Mahometans ahiong them had 
 lilken wreaths about their heads, which were alfo 
 covered with (ine black hair, and they were extremely 
 fond of wearing rings of gold and filver. .Linen ap- 
 peared to be what they moft wi(hed to receive in ex- 
 change 'for ttieir commodities, notwithiltanding they 
 bartered them alfo for beads and toys. The people 
 were natives of Tidore, and this was Gilolo, as it 
 Vas afterwards found, though the Indians were par- 
 ticularly careful not to tell the name of their country. 
 The Dutch kept failing round the land with various 
 vveatheri and, on the 18th, fpoke' with the crews of 
 two canoes that had hurtg out a (ignal of peace* 
 Thefe men were of Terhate, and ij^formed them that 
 an Englilh' (hip, and a Dutch pinnace had lainthrcQ 
 months lt\ the road of ^oppy to which they offered to 
 condu£l the ftrangers, commg themfelves from a viU 
 lage which bore the fame name. On the 19th they 
 failed inlb a Tandy bi^y, where they bartered for In- 
 dian comipodities, arid (or poultry, lying about a 
 
 c«nnon-(hot from the fliorc. And about the mlil.llc ifi.M 
 of the next month proceeded on thiir courle to i'ci- v__^__j 
 nate, whither they (aw another vellil wliith proved 
 to he the Morning Star, failing with all expedition. 
 The (hallop whitti had lain in a creek with that vef- 
 fel reported the intelligence that 10 (hips were wait- 
 ing at the Manillas with a view to intercept the 
 Spani(h fleet that was bound for Ternate. They alfo 
 learned that Peter, Bot, on his return, was wrecked 
 with four vefll-ls off the ifland of Mauritius, only one 
 of the four efcapingdcftrudtion. Schouten next came Stiioutcn 
 to Jacatra, and paffing by the ifland anchored within J^^I^I'^'^J*"** 
 the harbour. Here they loft one of their crew, bein.^ 
 the firft man that death had deprived their (hip of, 
 and which, with two that the Home loft, made up 
 the whole num jcr that died during the whole voyage. 
 
 But while the captain was here icfre(hing his men, 
 he little thought of the misfortune that awaited liim. 
 The Eaft-India Company, who looked with an en- 
 vious eye upon all adventurers but thofe of their own 
 a(rociation having (as has already been ob'erved) ob- 
 tained a prohibition, preventing any others from 
 pafling to the eaftern countries by the Cape of Good 
 Hope, or the Strcights of Maghellan, were not at 
 all pleafcd with thciuccefs of Schouten's undertaking. 
 In conlcquenceof this difplcalure, the (hip and goods 
 of this unfortunate captain were feized by order from llisniliifeizcd 
 the prefident of the company, coming from 3antam 
 to Jacatra while he lay there. It was in vain to rc- 
 monftrate ; he was told he might complain at home, 
 (the reader will imagine to how little purpofe) he was 
 therefore obliged to put up with the injury. His (hip's 
 company afterwards difpofcd of themfelves according 
 to their various inclinations. While fome went into 
 the company's firvicc, others failed for their own 
 country on board the Amilerd.im, and the Zealand, 
 under Admiral Spilbcrghen's command. And they 
 had been but 17 days on their voyage when Le Maire, 
 their principal merchant, died, .and, on New Year's 
 Day, the Amftcrdam loft fight of the Zealand, 
 
 They doubled the cape on the 6th of March, and 
 made St, Helena on the 31ft of the fame month, \rhcrc 
 they again f nind and joined company with the Zea- 
 land. On the 24th of April they palTed the .eqiii- 
 noftial line ; and at length came into Zealand on the 
 (irft of July, with the honour of having fuccceded in 
 the attempt, but deprived of all the" profit which 
 they might and ought to have reaped from the under- 
 taking. 
 
 The conduct of the Dutch government in this ** 
 
 ca(e appears to have been as impolitic as it was 
 unjuft. To give fuch an unlimited encouragement 
 to monopolies, can never be the intereft of any com- 
 mercial nation, and to deprive any man or fct of 
 men of the fruits of their labours muft be a great bar 
 to check others in the courfc of ufeful improvements, 
 at the fame time that it (lamps indelible difgrace up- 
 on the ftate that authorifes fuch monftrous oppreflion. 
 
 The Hollanders, however, ill as they uled their 
 countrymen upon this occafion, feem to have been 
 proud of the difcovery ; while Schouten may be 
 ranked among the number of thofe projeftors, who 
 without ferving himfelf, has contributed to the be- 
 nefit bf focicty. . , - 
 
 THE VOYAGES OF CAPTAIN DAMPIER, '^>^^^ A 
 With the BUCCANEERS of AMERICA. 
 
 THE Buccaneers of America were a fct of people 
 collected generally from among thofe of low 
 origin, or of diiperate (ortunes, who from fmall be« 
 sinnings rofc into fome confequence in naval hiftoryi 
 being rather famous, however, for the mifchiefs which 
 they did the Sj^^'iards in the new world, than from 
 any benefit that Europe received froni them, or indeed 
 Vol.. I. N'6. 
 
 for any profit that moft of them fecured for them- 
 felves i their irregularities, their want of o(ficcf. 
 properly commi(rioned, their perpetual difl'enfions 
 among themfelves, often contributing to defeat their 
 fchemes, and generally hindering them from enjoying 
 without interruption, what they had haiarded their 
 lives to acquire, ' 
 
 Q. Thefe 
 
 /7 
 
TT" 
 
 $♦ 
 
 THE VOYAGE OF 
 
 1680 Thfff n»«n, limvdvcr, fuch a> (hey were, became 
 
 » ' a perpi'tuul |)l.i|i;uc to the Spaniards in their fcttle- 
 mcntt, when ( l»l lowing the cxanipk' of Drake, Ca- 
 vendifli, and others already mentioned) they always 
 found mean* to plunder and annoy. At hrft, they 
 fitted out only fmall veflels, but in time as their com- 
 pany grew Itronger, they became more daring, and 
 entering the South Seas, ranged the Spanish main to 
 the no Imall terror ot° the inhabitants. 
 
 We cannot licr<^ forbear obferving that this 
 W.1S one o( llic t<apfy cffeAi of the difcovery 
 of the American continent in favour of the Spa- 
 niards, who neither deferved nor well knew how 
 to prcferve this acquifltion to their own real advan- 
 tage. Inllead of growing greater, Spain fince that 
 xra has decrcafed in power, nor can all the gold of 
 Mexico and Peru, reliorc to her that weight which 
 ihe once hiui in the balance of Europe, whom the 
 difc-oveiy of America hat doubtlefs tended to aggrandife 
 aswcllasri'Knc, and many of whofcftates h.ivu reaped 
 more fulid advantages fiom it than the Spanish nation, 
 whofe vail fupply uf gold drawn from tliofe parts has 
 only made that metal cheaper on the one hand, while, 
 on the other, it has conKantly invited foreigners to 
 plunder her richcll I'ettlements on an cxtenfive coaft, 
 for the defence of which her greateft power has often 
 proved in.tdequate. — But to return totheRuK ineers: 
 I'hofc people generally entertained fomc uf ihc Mof- 
 kito men on board their veflels, of whom the follow- 
 ing is a true (lefcri|ition : 
 
 " I'he Molkitas are a fet of Indians that inhabit 
 the main between Honduras and Nicar;fgua. I'hey 
 are tall, well-made, raw-boned, lully, ilrong, and 
 nimble of foot, Ions; vifaged, have lank, black hair, 
 look ftern, arc Iiaru favoured, and of a dark copiter- 
 colourcd complexion. Tlicy arc but a fmall nation, 
 the fame perhaps that Drake calls Symcroi's. They 
 arc very dextrous at throwing the lance, fifgig, har- 
 |>oon, or any manner of dart, being bred to it from 
 their infancy ; for the children imitating their pa- 
 rents, never go abroad without a lance, which they 
 throw indiftlrently .it almoll every objedi that falls 
 in their way, till, by confl.int praaice, they became 
 ni.ifiers of the art. I'hey next learn to parry a lance, 
 arrow, or dart ; and the traininc of them to this ex- 
 crcifc is in this manner : Two boys place themfelves 
 at a t'mall didance, and throw light blunt lances at 
 each other ; one throws the lance and the other par- 
 ries, altern^itcly. He that parries holds a fmall ftick 
 in his right hand with which he turns afide the lance 
 that is darted at him, and by conftantly praAifinc in 
 this manner, they at laft become fo dextrous, tliat 
 they will (hoot arrows at each other, and parry them 
 as fad as they are (hot. This they will do with a 
 fmall ftick no bigger than the rammer of an ordinary 
 fowling-piece. Uefore thev arrive at manhood, they 
 become fo dextrous, that they difregard the arrows of 
 their enemies ; and, unkfs they are poured thick 
 upon them, and come more than one at a time, they 
 will fuft'er not one in a thoufand to hit them. They 
 are no lefs expert at ftrikingof fifli, and two or three of 
 them will, in thofc fcas, maintain a (hip's company of 
 100 men. I'urtlc and manatee are their principal 
 purfuit ; the former will commonly weieh 600 lb. 
 and two Mofkito men will (Irike two of them a day 
 while the feafon lalis, for many days together. 
 
 'I'he manatee is known alfo by the name of the fea 
 cow, and is ftruck with a harpoon, fo contrived by 
 the Mofkito men as to be thrown with a long ftick ; 
 but they are very cautious of difcovcring their art 
 even to the Englifli." 
 
 Captain Dampier who was engaged with tbefe buc- 
 caneers, is the perfon whofe exploits we are about to 
 relate, and who having circumnavigated the globe, dc- 
 fcrvcs a place in this department of our work. He 
 was dcfccndcd from a family cf good reputation in 
 Somerfctfltirc ) but it does not appear that4iis parents 
 were bleft with the gifts of fortune. At their death 
 he was remuvud from a grammar fchool to an EngliOi 
 one, where he learned writing, ice, which arc often 
 
 found more nccefliiry than what is railed 1 learneJ 
 education. Being alterwards placed with a mafter uf 
 a (hip at Weymouth, he made a voyage to France, anil 
 when he returned from thence was employed in the 
 Newfoundland iiOiery, where his ftatiun fur the fum- 
 mer proved not at all agreeable. But after his arrival 
 in England, leading what is generally termed a life of 
 indolence, which by no means infured the favour of 
 hit friends, he retired for fome time into the country. 
 Having at length, however, fallen again into the com- 
 pany of fome mariners, he was once more perfuaded 
 to try his fortune, and made a voyage to Bantam*, 
 in the courfc of which hit curiofity led him to ac- 
 quire a knowlege of navigation, which proved of ufe 
 to him in thecourfe of his future life. 
 
 The year after his return, he fpent hit time at home 
 chiefly with his brother, but afterwards entered on 
 board the Britifli fleet, then employed in the wars of 
 King Charles U. with the Dutch. Having been in 
 two engagements, falling fick, he had no part in a 
 third, after Itis return from which, he wat lent with 
 the fick and wounded to Harwich, where he remained 
 till the end of the Dutch war. But he no fooner re- 
 covered his health than he began to think of embracing 
 a fea-faring life again. 
 
 He was however, for fome time diverted from this 
 rcfulution, by an ofli'er which one Col. Hellier made 
 him of going to Jamaica in quality of a fuperintend- 
 antof his plantation. But a fix-months trial tired 
 him of this employment. He afterwards turned 
 logwood-cutter, and coming to England in 1678, went 
 back to Port Royal in Jamaica tne next year upon a 
 mercantile fchemc, by which it feeins he was a con- 
 fiderable gainer. It was at this time a gentleman of 
 the name of Hobby perfuaded our adventurer to em- 
 bark on a trading vovage to the Moflcito fliore, of 
 the natives of whicn coaft we have already given .1 
 particular account. Sailing from Port-Royal in Ja- 
 maica with Captain Hobby, they fell in with Coxen, 
 S?.wkins, Sharp, and fome others of the Buccaneer* 
 at the weft end of the ifland. Thefe having a defign 
 upon the Ifthmus of Darien, moft of thole engaged 
 by Captain Hobby, preferrine plunder to trade, re- 
 folved to go with them, and Dampier at laft was en- 
 gaged among the reft, thoush, it feems, he took tlute 
 or four days to co'hfider of tne matter. 
 
 Being all aereed, they put to fea foon after Chrift. 
 mas, and holding on their courfe towards Porto B«llo, 
 landed near Golden Ifland on the 5th Of April. 
 Captain Sawkins was chofen their leader, and the 
 Buccaneers, to the number of between thnx and four 
 hundred men, marched towards Santa Martha, on the 
 Pacific Ocean, which though they took, yet they were 
 difappointed, and confequently fell to difputing among 
 themfelves, and they parted company in conlcquence 
 of thefe contentions. 
 
 As the delign upon F'anama was looked on by 
 fome of the company to be worth attempting, a body 
 of them went forward and made an attack upon 
 Puebia Nova, in which attempt, however, tney 
 were defeated, and Sawkins their commander wast 
 killed ; while Coxen went to the North Siras, and 
 there continued his depredations. After the death of 
 Sawkins, Sharp wat eleAed to the command, but 
 the company not being pleafed with their choice dif- 
 placed him, and chofe Captain Watling to fucceed 
 him. Under his conduct an attack was made upon 
 Arica, which proved unfucceftfvl, and he experi- 
 enced the fame fate with Sawkins, falling in the ac- 
 tion. After this, as it was not probable that the 
 Buccaneers could accomplifli any of their fchemes 
 without keeping a proper fubordination } having had 
 experience of this truth, they proceeded to another 
 clefiion , when it appeared that fome were for re- 
 ftoring the former commander, while others at vehe- 
 mently oppofed the meafure. At length it was agreed 
 
 that 
 
 * In ihii voyage he ippeari to have bccq inly in the (t>ti«a 
 of a foumalt ran. 
 
 ,iS ■ .-i ■: ,tfjy 
 
CAPTAIN DaMPIER. 
 
 a 
 
 tKat thefe parties fliould reparatc, and it being put to 
 the dccifion of loti, wliicii of (liem (hould keep the 
 (hip, Dampicr'!! party proved unfortunate. I'hii 
 company confiOcd of 44 armed men, a Spanifti In- 
 dian, t^o Mofkito Indians, and five flavcs taken in 
 the South Seas. They had the (hip'ii long-boat, and 
 twocanoci, with two patararoeii, and feme ammuni- 
 tion. With this preparation and a fnuli proportion 
 of provifions, they undertook to fail to Santa Mar- 
 tha, and from thence to travel by land to the North 
 Sea) and having parted company with Sharp on the 
 13th of April, they m.ide good their landing in the 
 bay of Panama on the firft day of the next month. 
 But in the river called Santa M.irtha, up which they 
 were to proceed, wai a veflcl of force which had been 
 ordered thither on purpofe to intercept them. Ncver- 
 thelcfs their fituation being fuch as would not admit 
 of their being difcouraged at a difficulty of tKi.« kind, 
 they ftruck out a new track which was attended with 
 much trouble and danger, yet at length they fuccce<le<l 
 fo far ai to get fafe to the oppofite fhore. Beginning 
 their journey over land on the firft of May, in the 
 rpace of 13 days they completed their purpoli;, in 
 which time they travelled 34 leagues, pafling over 
 high mountains through unfrequented vaies, ana ford- 
 ing through or fwimming over deep and dangerous 
 rivers, or paffing them by fuch bridges as neccllity 
 prompted them to find out, and opportunity furnifhed 
 them with the means of fupplying. It isajuft obferva- 
 tion that there are in the mind and body of man par- 
 ticular powers which at certain ccnjunuuret only can 
 be c.illnl forth ; and this is a maxim which was never 
 more fully verified than in the circumftance of thefe 
 people, who upon a hoftilc fliore, unfurniflied with a 
 number of things apptrently neceflary for the un- 
 dertaking, and having no refourccs left but in them- 
 fclves, were yet found equal to thetaflcof efFe£lin^ a 
 paflage which fcarcely any fet of men upon the prin- 
 ciples of mature and deliberate reafon would ever have 
 thought of undertaking. 
 
 In eflTeA, they arriv^ on the north coaft, and Dam- 
 pier was amongft the firft of the company who reached 
 the promifed (nore. They immetliately embarked on 
 board the fliip of Captain Triftrian, a French com- 
 mander, and within two days joined tight other Bucca- 
 neering vcflcls, the adventurers who were embarked in 
 them, having then a defign of going on another expe- 
 dition over land to Panama. But the danger attend- 
 ing fuch an undertaking being reprefentcd to them, 
 they refolved to lay afide that (cheme, and to proceed 
 to make an attack upon Spanilh Town, up Carpen- 
 ter's river, for which purpofe the fliips failed fuccef- 
 fively. That on board of which Dampier was, ar- 
 riving at the place of rendezvous, found an Englifli 
 captam there whofe name was Wright, and who had 
 Iiitely taken a Spanifh tartan, that with 12 arma- 
 (lilloes, or fmall frigates of war, had been inqueft of 
 the pirates. All tnole who had come a tedious jour 
 ncy over land, joined in requefting him to fit out this 
 tartan for them, promifingftill toafi under his com- 
 mand, ai..' on that condition their propofal was agreed 
 to. As the expeflcd remainder of the fleet did not ar- 
 rive at the appointed time, it was juftly concluded 
 that they had been taken or difperfed by thearmadil- 
 loes already mentioned. This conclufion leaving 
 them at liberty to purfue their own particular dcfigns. 
 Captain Wright ftood for Carthagena, and being 
 joined by Captain Yankey, they took a prize laden 
 with fugar and tobacco, nnd the fliip by vote fell to 
 Yankey, whofe veflcl Wright took, which was better 
 than his own. AAer this the booty being ftiared, the 
 commanders parted. Captain Wright failing to the 
 Caracca coaft, and Captain Yankey a different way. 
 The former took three barks, one laden with hides, 
 ansthcr with European commodities, and a third 
 with earthen wares. Captain Yankey faf ling with one 
 Cook on board, who, as quarter-mafter, was to be 
 fecond in command according to the buccaneer cuf- 
 tom, having taken a Spanifli prize, he claimed the 
 command } in confequcnce of which, all who were fo 
 3 
 
 difpofed were free to join him. There were f<me 
 among them who h.id come over land from the South 
 Seas, all of whom chol'e to follow hij fortune i hur 
 the Frenchmen joining, plundeml the vclTel ofgoodN, 
 money and armn, and then left i hem on the llleol" 
 Vaccu, Captain I'riftrian only taking on board about 
 nine of them, among whom were t\w Captains Cook 
 and Davis, who were carried into Petit (iuavrc>, and 
 found means to make themfelvcs mailers of ilie Ihip,' 
 and failed to V-icca, where their companions came oil 
 board. Afterwards they made a prize of two velll'K, 
 with which they refolved to plunder the Peruvian 
 coafts. All thefe fhips arriTing at Virjjinia, Dampier, 
 and thnfe who Havelled over land, joined them there-, 
 and fet fail in the prize commanded oy Captain Cook, 
 from Achamack river, on the a3d of Ausuft, and 
 after weathering a violent ftorm came to Cape Verd, 
 whence, after rcfrefhing thenifclves, they proceeded 
 to Sal, and thence by advice to Mayo, wnerc the in- 
 habitants rcfufed to traffic with them on account of 
 the treacherous dealing of one Captain Bond, who 
 afterwards furrendcrcd himfelf to the Spaniards, and 
 taught them by fitting out fire-fhips to annoy his 
 countrymen. Departin;r from ih-nce they came to the 
 African coafts, after having got what fupplies they 
 wanted, they failed for the Strcights of Maghellan, 
 but having a contrary windj doubled Cape Home ; fit- 
 ter this they had a ftorm which continued from Feb. 
 14, till March 3. Yet by the 17th of the month they 
 came to latitude 48° fouth, by means of a favourable 
 gale. On the 19th, they met with a (hip which at 
 nrft they fuppoftd to be Spanifh, but afterwards found 
 to be an Englifh one, commanded by Captain Eaton. 
 Thefe vefTcIs kept company to the illaiid of Juan 
 Fernandez. 
 
 As foon as Captain Cook's fliip was moored, Dam- 
 pier was eager to go afhorc to look for a Moflcito man, 
 whom they had left in this illand, when they were 
 driven from it in the year 1681, by three Spiriiln men 
 of war, Dampier, being at that time in the (hip 
 commanded by Captain Watling, juft after Captain 
 Sharp was difplaccd. This man, when Captain 
 Watling drew off his crew, happened to be in the 
 woods hunting for goats ; and the (hip Was under fail 
 before he came back. Dampier was curiotis to know 
 whether this Mofkito man was yet alive, und if he- 
 was, how it had fared with him ; and it fcemcd that 
 the Indian was no Icfs anxious tc enquire after his 
 friend, when he perceived the (hips that were approach- 
 ing were Engliln (hips. The poor fellow had obfcrv- 
 ed them the day before when firft they came in fight, 
 and judging about v»hat time they would come to an 
 anchor, he had killed three goats, and gathered 
 greens, ready to drcfs as foon as the company (hoiil J 
 be at liberty to come on (hore. He was already upon 
 the beach before the (hips could be well fccured, and 
 was feen by one of his countrymen who happened to 
 be on board, and it was no fmall picafurc to mark the 
 exceffive ioy of thefe two Indians at their meeting. 
 The Modcito man belonging to the (hip wau named 
 Robin : he on the ifland Will. Robin was the firft 
 who leaped on (hore, and running to Will, threw 
 himfelf flat on his face at his feet, and who helping 
 him up, and embracing him, fell flat in like man- 
 ner with his face at Robin's feet, and was by him ta- 
 ken up and embraced as before. The furprize, the 
 tendernefs, the folemnity of the interview, which 
 was exceedingly afFciEiionnte on both fides, was ad- 
 mired even by the crew of Buccaneers, who were 
 fpcdtators from the (hips of what pafled on (here. 
 " When Dampier, who was his old friend, came up. 
 Will was no lefs tranfported with joy to fee him than 
 to meet his countryman, but he exprv-fTcd it in quite 
 another manner : other friends too he met with wmont 
 the crew who knew hir.', and they were all overjoyeu 
 at meeting fo unexpcftilly } fcr thefe men are veiy 
 much beloved on board he (hips wherever they fail, 
 for their readinefs to affift •! whatever fervice they are 
 put upon. When the cen-nonies of congratulation 
 were over, and they had (imi to make enquiries, he 
 
 tol4 
 
 i68j 
 
![ 
 
 .t 
 
 '!• II i: V () Y A (i i; s <) K 
 
 U:yi 
 
 A (lel'-i'n on 
 TruxilloaLan' 
 
 ii'l.l ihiiiiiliii hi' rtAi fcvfral tiir.n fouglit after by ihc 
 .'■|iaiiijiil«, who kiiiw thai lir w^i Uri iipim lhi< iHuiul i 
 KcAiilc \i\ i:i thf <hi|i lit l.il lie wm* in light of the 
 Ihoiv, .mil V. n lent by thtiii lulcic ht muUI Itcrct 
 hinilill) Imt .u he wao ccnliiiu.illy upon the watih, 
 .iiulhail ihliovircJ a r.ifi rclrc;it, ih'-y mv>r h.iil hnii 
 Me |.) liiiil him. He had with hiiii, hi' Uiil, hi» 
 f;iiri iiiiil hii kiiit'c, a Ini.ill hem of I'owilcr, and j 
 WW dim. rhilo bciii.n foori li>nil, lie connived a 
 w.iy, by noiihing hi» kiiiU-, t'> liw the harnj i.f hit 
 LUii III mull |)iLii>, with whiih he made harpooni, 
 rmci-luadH, U(>oV>, and a lonn knilc j htntinn the 
 jiiccn lirll in the tiu', ivhicli he lichted after the Kiig- 
 iifti manner, by Hrikiiig hi* gun-flinl agaiiill the b;u;k 
 o( his knife : The iron, when it wa> hut, he ham- 
 ipcnd with (lonen, am! lormed it into variou« flia|ici> to 
 «hiih hi- had oiLafidii to apply it. Hy continued la- 
 lioiii ;ni>l perllverance, he li.id worked hinifcif Inch a 
 ijomplili III of iiiftrnmcnts, for killinj' .nnd catchinf; 
 hi< pioviliuns by land and u.iter, us I'urprifed the 
 piople wh«n they were hrouu'lit out for their in 
 (pii'tion. Hnt ((.lysDampier) it is no more than thilV 
 Molkitii nun are ai'ciillomed to do in their own coun- 
 try, where they ni.Tke their own Hflting and (hiking 
 inlliunu'iil*, without cither forge or anvil : and other 
 Indi.iii!. arc Hill more inj^enious ; for they make h.itch- 
 ctk of ^ very hard Hone, with which they cut down 
 trees, make llitir iMniH-», andfianic tlieir lioufes. 
 
 " i'uor Will had built hiinfelf a little houfe about a 
 mile and a half from the ftiore, which he had made 
 warm and convenient, by lining it with goat-(kin». 
 He h.id likevvife raifed hiinfelf a eoiich about two feet 
 above the^iound, which he had alfo made foft with 
 the fur of the .ininiaU he caught, and with thcdown 
 of the younj; birds (for he could catch no others} which 
 he occafionally met with and plucked. Cloalhs he 
 had none ; for he liad worn them to rags among the 
 bufln.s and br.imbles, through which he was often 
 obliged lopurfiic hi.s prey, lie h.id been on theifland 
 about thrie years, and in all that time had never con 
 verfed with any human bein;^. He had fecn Spani 
 ards, but he always took caie, after the firft, that 
 none of thiin Diould ever fee him." 
 
 The Buccaneers rtayed on this ifland tiH the 8tli 
 of April, and then faile<l towards the Equinoftial 
 liiu', and afterwards coalled along from the ifland of 
 Juan Keriiandc?. to the lOlh degree of I'ouih lalitudc. 
 On the jd of May they took a fliip laden witli tim- 
 ber ; and at the fame time learneil that tlic Spaniards 
 were apprifcd of their being in the foutli feas, and 
 where they had moll leafon to expciit their vifits, had 
 taken fome pains to prepare for then reception. 
 
 After having formed a jiulgment of the ftatc of 
 tlie coalt, from the intelligence given them by 
 "their pritoncrs, they determined on attacking Trux- 
 jlli), hut having taken certain veflels with flour bound 
 |() Limn, (in which they found a woixlen image of 
 the Virgin M.iry, and .1 mule intended as a prtfent 
 from the viceroy at I^ima to the prefidcnt of Panama] 
 as they found by a letter taken on board, that Truxillo 
 was fortified ; they laid afide their defign, and re- 
 folved to go for the Gallapagos iflands with their 
 prize." Accordingly they failed thither, where they 
 got together 500 packs of meal, which they laid up, 
 to fervc them forafta-florc, while thpy had plenty of 
 turtle to anfwer their prefent occafions. 
 
 l'"rom thence they failed for Ria I-exa, wiierc tlicy 
 were given to underlfand there was much treafure to 
 betaken. An Indian prifoner proniifed to condudt 
 tliem thither, to whofe fineerity thcfc adventurers 
 thought proper to trult, with a ilefign, however, to 
 touch at theifland of L'ocoas, in 5' 40' fouth lat. 
 vliere they meant to jlepofit fome part of their meal, 
 one of the (toutcft fljjps which had it on board being 
 taken with them for "their purpofej but they were 
 forced to (leer for the continent, not being .ible, 
 with all their fltill, to reach the intended port, and on 
 tlieir way loft Captain Cook, whofe death difcon- 
 cei ted them, and whom they rcfolvcd to bury in 
 Cvldcra Bay. 
 
 I 
 
 Anchoring there, whiti- fonie of the rrrw wfre 
 digging the grave, llitie Iiuliins eiiltiid iiitu difioiirl« 
 with tlieni, who iieiil;; alteiU.itils fei/cd on, |>invid 
 to be Ipiis lent from a low 11 .itioiit (ti miUs ifill.int. 
 'ruriiinu tills .ittilice of tlu Sp;iiii.iiils u|>oii them- 
 felves, ilie mariners dHcoveud, afiir a clofe exami- 
 nation th.il tile viry men who hail bun feiit to 
 watch their aiilions, weie capable of direilin;' them 
 to a fpot where plenty of live cattle nii|;lit lie idi- 
 tained. — It is eafy to conceive tlijt iliii piece of in- 
 telligence was altemled to, and accordingly one of the 
 prifoiurs being pitched on for a guide, 24 of the com- 
 pany fet out upon the ex|iedition, the fueccfs of 
 which will be feeii by tile following lirief account : 
 
 " After a march ol about four miles, they came 
 in fight of a .Savannah, where number* of cattle were ''"l'« '"'"•• 
 feeding I of which fome [very wifely] were Cir kil- "'■'^' ■•'''' '" 
 ling ai many as tiny could cany away, whillt others""*""^"'' 
 were determined to (lay all night, with a view- to 
 drive them into the pens, in oidei to fuj>ply the fliips 
 at onee, lielore the owners were .ipprileil of the de- 
 fign. This niolution feeniing puvaleiit, Dampier 
 with ni.iiiy of the company withdrew, taking the 
 Indian guide back with them. 
 
 " In the morning when tliefe drovers were ex|K'dUJ 
 to return with the cattle, none came ; anil as it w:is 
 confei|ueiitly feared fume difafter had befallen tlieni, 
 the bo.its were manned and fent out to look (or them. 
 As they were rowing along, fome of the company 
 efpied a number of [icople wading up to the middle 
 in water, and approaching them, (oon perceived that 
 they were tile very pcrl'ons whom they were in que(l 
 o(, and therefore made all hafte to take them on hoard. T|,ty ,„ ,,. 
 H.id they not iKcn thus efpied in time, they muft inliivid, 
 nil probability have perilhej, as the tid.- would h.ivc 
 (wallowed them up in the fpace of an hour. It feems 
 that thcv hail been fulTered to Hi cp all night unirio* 
 lefted i but, in the morning, wh n they were licattereJ 
 about amoii;^ the cattle, and driving them 10 the pen^j 
 were furpriled by the (udileii appearance of about 60 
 Spanilh foldiers, well armed, who placed themfelves 
 in a convenient lituation to cut oft" ttieir retreat. 
 Alarmed at this unexpc^led ambulh, they made hade 
 to join in a body, relolving to fell their livts Jiar if 
 the;' fi, ind it impolTible to make tlieir efcape. Ac- 
 cordingly, they looked round them, in order to dif- 
 co.er an opening to fome other part of the fliore than 
 that .igainil which their fliips rode, at tin- Came 
 time giving the enemy now and then a volley of fliot 
 to keep them at a diftanre. 'I"he Spaniards, generally 
 not over eager to come to a clofe eng.igemmt, kept 
 tliemfelves Iheltered behind the buflies, difcharging 
 only fome r.andoni (hot at thofc who retreated, wnich 
 luckily did not take nlace. In this cautious manner 
 the fmall band flowiy proceeded tow.irds the beach 
 « here Captain Cook hail been buried. Then look- 
 ing about lor their boat they, faw her in flames by 
 the water's fu!e,\vliere they'liad grounded her the 
 night before. Their hope of retieat now appearing 
 to be i|uite cut off, the Spaniards with a view to 
 make Cure of their furrendcr, having polled them- 
 felves in (uch a manner as to cut olF all communi- 
 cation with the (hips, this little company conceived 
 themfelves to be devoted to dcflru^lion ; when for- 
 tunately, they efpied a rock juft rifing above the 
 water, at the diflance of .ibout ico yards from the 
 beach. Reioiceil at this fight, they all iletcrmined 
 to commit themfelves to the mercy ot' the ocean [tlieir 
 caufe was (carccly gixxl enough to depend on that of 
 Hfavtn] rather than to fall into the hands of the 
 Spaniards. With this rcfolution they rufhed all to- 
 gether into the tide, holding faft one by anotlier, 
 and determined that if. one wai loft all fliould perilh. 
 In this manner they i..ached the rock, where they had 
 continued (or fevcn hours, when they happened to 
 be difcovered (in the manner already related) and 
 their companions were lufFered by the S|)aiiiards to 
 releafe them without the latter firing a gun. 
 
 This W.1S indeed a Iqcky efcape, but the Bucca- 
 neers could not forget that it had been a vain attempt 
 
 t« 
 
■row \v»re 
 
 I ilifiiiiiif* 
 II, JiloVtJ 
 k% iflll.Ulf. 
 
 Hill iluin- 
 iifc cxnitii- 
 
 II fciit to 
 ;lin" ihtin 
 j.lit'lic nil- 
 iitf nf in- 
 line i<( tlie 
 
 if ihecoin- 
 I'luccf* "f 
 f jccmint ; 
 
 lluy came 
 tattle were T1..IHKCI. 
 
 i-.K i;i "•■"'■ '"" '" ■' 
 
 ,'hilll Others 
 
 I a vlnv tu 
 
 ily the fliipt 
 
 (if tlie (k- 
 ;, Dampicr 
 
 taking the 
 
 crc ixjicfltJ 
 11(1 iiK it \v:i'. 
 fallen tliini, 
 lie lor thcni. 
 he com|i:iny 
 J the nuJdli- 
 LTCcivid tlut 
 'cre ill quell 
 I'm on hoard. Thev »ro " 
 they mull inlitn-il. 
 ; would have 
 ur. It fcems 
 night unmo- 
 vtre rcattcrcJ 
 n ic/ the |H'n?, 
 of about ()0 
 cd thcmfelves 
 tlurir retreat, 
 cy made hallc 
 livts dear if 
 tfcapr. At- 
 ordir to dif- 
 he fliorc than 
 at tlie fame 
 volley of fliot 
 ■iK, miievally 
 gcniint, kept 
 diftharu 
 
 CAP IAIN UAMPlfeR. 
 
 rtharttine 
 il, whieli 
 
 atcd 
 ious manner 
 ds the beach 
 Then look- 
 in flames by 
 nded her the 
 ow appearing 
 ; a view to 
 )oftcd thcm- 
 1 comnmni- 
 ny conceived 
 when for- 
 iig above the 
 rd« from the 
 II iletcrmineJ 
 c ocean [ tlitir 
 nd on that of 
 hands of the 
 rufticd all to- 
 by another, 
 Ihould perifh. 
 irhcre tbey had 
 liappcned to 
 related) and 
 Spaniards to 
 Tun. 
 
 t the RucM- 
 vain attempt 
 t* 
 
 f, 
 
 to romc .11 what, by iliit time they flood in greai need 
 of I but they durlt not hixird a lecond cnierprif e of 
 _. „!„„. Ihni nature, and therefore weighed anchor, a^nd failed 
 Luro'jt Ri« for Ri« I-txa, \vhirh in known by a high peaked vol- 
 ||.ik.i rano. A little idand, whereon the Spaniard* kept 
 
 an out-guard, was the firfl objeft of the freebooter*. 
 'I'hey fiirprifed this guard, hut from the intelli.tence 
 gained from their |irifonrr«, underftood that the 
 place was too well defended for them to make an 
 attack upon il w itii any reafonable hopes of fucccfs, 
 Abandoning this defign therefore, they (Kxred fur 
 the CJulf of Amapalla, where lb»y carctned their 
 (hips, having (irf* ngreeJ that Captain Davis (hould 
 
 J» before witTi two lanocs, in order to piin intel- 
 igeiicc, which was accordingly done, as lijoii as 
 they approached the gulph. On the firll night I)avis 
 reached an ifland on which there was n town called 
 Mangcra, hut he could not find it till the next morn- 
 ing, and when he found it, all the Indian inhabi- 
 tants were fled, a friar only excepted with two boys, 
 whofharcd his fortune. From this friar the captain 
 undcrltoud, that there were feveral Indian villages in 
 the gulph, but only three towns that had churches, 
 and only one white man bcfides himfcif who at\td as 
 a fccretary to the SpaniOl government in ihefe parts. 
 In cnnfequencc of this information. Captain Davis 
 took with him the friar and the boys, and approached 
 the eminence on which Amapallawas fituated. While 
 they were gaining the afcent, the fccretary, who was 
 attended by the Indian chief, hailed them. Captain 
 Davis faid they were Spaoiarda, fent to clear the 
 coaft, and that their (hip being foul, thev were come 
 thither to refit, and to demand the aAftance of his 
 majefty's Indian fubjedli. The following account 
 includes all the circumftancet of their proceeding : 
 
 " They were bidden welcome, and received with 
 every poflible mark of refpedl, both by the fccretary 
 and the Indian inhabitants i and, after the firft falu- 
 tations were oall, they virere conduiled to the church, 
 where all buhnefs of a public nature was tranfai^rd. 
 Accordingly, the friar enteied fxtR, and was followed 
 by Davis and moft of the by-ltanders j but one or two 
 of the Indians loitering behind, were pulhcd in by 
 Davis's men I they then fuf|ie(^tini; fome milchief, 
 fprang back again, and the relt oMhc Indians fol- 
 lowed their example, leaving Davis and the friar 
 looking at one another in high confternation, ignorant 
 of the caufe that had occafloned the defertion ; while 
 thofe who had fo ftrangely caufed it, fired upon the 
 innocent Indians, for flying. In this confufion the 
 fccretary was (lain,- undefervedl^ meeting his death 
 from his pretended friends. Davis's defign was, when 
 they were all at church, to have Oiut them in, and 
 to make his own terms i but there was no need of 
 praAifing farther treachery with them, for notwith' 
 ftanding all this brutality, the Indians fhewcd them 
 every kind of civility. Helping them to repair their ''^ 
 (hips, hewing down timber for them, and bringing ' 
 it to the docks. They fiirniflted them alfo with cattle 
 and provifions from the main, and aflifteU them in 
 carrying aboard wood and water. All this time th;. 
 friar and his two lads were kept prifoners, and i; nis 
 feared, when they were ready to fail, that the voiild 
 have carried them off i for tticfe Indian'-, hr • .-. great 
 veneration for their prieit. He had leai-ncd their 
 laneuage, and wu veiy uleful to them both by his 
 kind otbces and admonition*." 
 
 On the 3d of Septembe:, however, they fet fail, 
 and left the friar and his two lads on Ihore, to the 
 grc-.it fiitisfaAion of the Indians : and the two com- 
 panies having quarrelled, they were refolved to pur- 
 iiie different courfes ; Captain Davis directed his 
 courfe along the main of Peru, and coaftinK alone the 
 Vol. I.>1°6. *' 
 
 * The appcirincc of ihii Iflard it like ihu of a corpfe in a 
 Aroud, the EsU end rcprel'tntiag the head, tad ihe Welt tlte 
 feet. 
 
 t A perfon who eame (ram the Sfsnilli coaAwith s patent to 
 Uk for wrackt, wti reported 10 have taken up fome el the plaic j 
 
 .|<l. 
 
 continent of South America, nt length came to the Jf,^^| 
 Ifiand cif Plata t while Kalon, who hid failed in a dil- ^^v-i 
 fcrent dirediun, at laft being in want of wster, tunic 
 to the lame ifland {where Drake had formerly fhartd 
 the plunder of the Caciluego). Kafin's men liiJ 
 that in their rolirle thev hud met w ith thunder and 
 lightenihg foe'readlul tliat they fearnl every moment 
 to be involved in elemental fire. This captain pro- 
 poli-d an acc(inim(xiation, hut when he found it was 
 reje<>ed, remained only one night off the illand. 
 
 Captain Davis's people the next day made an at- 
 tack upon Maiita, at about eight leagues diliaiitc. 
 The phite wui delerted by all the inhabitants, an olii 
 wotr.an cxtcpte-l, whom the Buccaneers brought olt". 
 By her means they undcrltuod, " That a great many 
 Krangers had tome over land from the north fea 1 that 
 they Itill were in canoes and periagocs, and that the 
 viceroy had comm.inded all the Spanifh trading fhips 
 on the coal! to be burnt, to prevent their falling inti# 
 the hands of the enemy. 
 
 Thcfe tidings being heard, Davis thought proper 
 to return tu the Ifle of Plata i and foon after arrived 
 the Cygnet, an Englifh fhi; , originally fitted out 
 for :rairc by the London m'r rhants. This velTcl 
 w.is omma tided by Ciipta'.. Jwan, from London, ''"''•^^" 
 an<! tended lor trade j but trade being ftonpcd, he"^^' ' 
 wait c'evailed .ipon to .11 his goods by au£lion, and 
 to join the adventurers whom he had fallen in with 
 by accident. '"hciie. 'omers were headed by one 
 Harris, who li.id the command of a bark ir^ iler Swan. 
 They • 'grcttcd nov that Capt '• Eaton Had been 
 fuffered to leave them, and thef \rc fitted up a fmall 
 veflisi, which tliey lent after hii" , - > invite him and 
 his crew to return and Ihari >' ■:{•■ fortunes. 
 
 After this the fhips failed 1 Piiyt», and ( imc into 
 the road on the 3d of Novrtr'. er, havi' fallen 
 in with a fhip < ■ 4.' ■ tons, by which n,.- -.- they 
 were informed riiit ihc viceroy had given orders for 
 fitting out ten fr jater, -o be employed in checking 
 their depredations. When they landed at Payta, they 
 found that the inhabitants had defcrtcd the placr, and 
 what was worfe, had not left a day's provifion in the 
 town. By a letter 'eft by thofe on board the bark 
 fent in fearch of Capt.iin Eaton, they underftood that 
 he had been there and burned a fhip the week before, 
 after which he fai'-c! wcftward, fo that they concluded 
 he was gone hom^ .^^d by way of the Eaft-Indics. 
 
 After this information, being under apprehenfiou 
 that fome of the Spanifh frigates micht fall in with 
 them, they examined their arms and ammunition, 
 pitt every thing in order, and burning Cap- 
 tain Harris's bark, becaufe (he was a heavy failiiij; 
 veflel, they fitted up another fmall bark to ferve as a 
 fire fhip, andhaving made all necefTary preparations, 
 failed for Lobas. They found that Captain Eaton 
 ' . d been there alfo, and heard that their bark was 
 • )" to Plata, which was the place of rendezvous ap- 
 ^ ..led. Then they departed for the bay of Guia- 
 quilj which runs in between Cape Blanco on the 
 fouth fiile, and Point Shanday on the eaftj and irt 
 the bottom of the bay lies the Ifle of St. Clara.* The 
 fhips kept to the fouthward in entering the port to 
 avoid the flioals on the northern fide, where they fay s 
 lai|e wreck is funkf. The houfcs at Puna, ftanJ upon 
 pofts ten ortwelve feet high. They are thatched with 
 Palmetto leaves, and their chambers are well board- 
 ed. They reckoned 7 leagues from Puna to Guiaqiiil, 
 which latter they found was confidered as a principal 
 port in the fouth feas. From this city are exported 
 hides, tallow, farfaparilla, and other drugs, cocoas, 
 and woollen cloth made at Qiiito. The buccaneers 
 took a veflel laden with tins cloth, the mafter of 
 which told them of the watch at Puna, and informed 
 **• them 
 
 but dyinir, the patent expired. The c«!.61h, a wound from 
 whole fin IS ii'.nrtal, fvvarming round the ilUnds, rendered the 
 attempt dant-croui to the Indian divert, who were otherwife 
 very expert at recovering what was lo« in thofe feai. 
 
S5 
 
 1684 
 
 Tliey fuipiifc 
 Tuinaco. 
 
 THE V O Y AGE, O F 
 
 Tl.cir vtlTil 
 ^■,,ic-Il.;i-. 
 
 them that three fliips with 1000 nccros on board were 
 to fail from Guiaquil, all of which they fell in with and 
 took i but the town was alarmed, and when theft ad- 
 venturers made their attack it was fo ill conclui5ied for 
 want of proper difciplinc and a regular commander, 
 that it could not but fail of fuccels. — The alTailants 
 were divided in two bodies, but thefe hy no means 
 co-operated with each other. Captain Davis's peo- 
 ple accufed Captain Swan of cowardice, becaufe when 
 he found how much they were cxiiaullcd he had ad- 
 vifcd a retreat; in confcqucnce they all proceeded, 
 having two Indian guides, one of whom was faOcned 
 by a ftring to one of Captain Davis's men who was 
 a great boafler, but his courage failing him, as it 
 feems, when he came within mufquct ihot of the 
 town, he cut the firing and the Ijidian ran away. — 
 Then he cried out that fomcbody cllc had cut it on 
 purpofc to let the guideefcape. Thiscircumftanccfu 
 much diflieartened the people, that they would ad- 
 vance no farther. Accordingly having drefTed a cow 
 and taken a view of the forbidden ground, they em- 
 barked for Plata, taking 40 of the ableft men out of 
 the negro fliips, and turning the reft adrift. Thus 
 ended tlieir hopeful expedition, in which by mifcon- 
 du£l they loft an opportunity of enriching thenifclvcs, 
 and returned much dilTatisiicd witlt the repulfc with 
 each other. 
 
 When they arrived at the place of rendezvous they 
 there found their bark in waiting, but the crew of her 
 almoft ftarvirig, having been in fcarch of the fliips 
 from Plata to Lobas and back again. During the ab- 
 fencc of their companions, who feemed to have paid 
 little regard to them, thefe wanderers had made a de- 
 fcentupon Santa Helena, where they took fome maize, 
 and by the help of that and Tome birds, had made fliift 
 to keep themfelves alive. The bark was now given to 
 Captam Swan for a tender, and after a quarrel that 
 happened between the crews, which was adjufted by 
 the captains, an attack on Lavclia was refolved upon, 
 and they fet fail on the 23d of December, to put 
 their defign in execution. 
 
 In thtirwayjthcy furprifed afmall village c.illed To- 
 mnco, and there took one Don DiegodePinas, a Spanifli 
 knight that came thither in a vcflcl from Lima, on 
 board of which they feized about a dozen jars of 
 wine, and let the veflel depart. Happening after- 
 wards to fall in with the Panama packet boat, and 
 recovering the letters the crew had thrown over-board, 
 by means of a buoy that had been faftencd to the box, 
 they found by the contents of them, that the prcfidcnt 
 of Panama had received orders to haflen the Plate 
 fleet from Lima, which occafioned them to change 
 their courfe, and alter their refolution. They flood 
 therefore for the gulph of Panama, and on the i^i 
 ■anchored in the narbour of Gallcriu, and having 
 I Icared the barks, fent them to cruile in the gulph, — 
 Four days afterwards one of thefe brought in a prize 
 l.idcn with fowls, fait beef, and corn, and having 
 put their (hips in order, failed into the channel to in- 
 tercept the Plate fleet. While they were here, they 
 f;.nt the Spanifli knight upon his parole to the prefi- 
 <lcnt with a letter. He was killed by fome accident, but 
 the next day they fent another letter, which being d(;- 
 livered, about 40 Spaniards ^vcre releafed, and Eng- 
 lifli priuincrs returned in their flcad. Ani.liuriiig be- 
 fore Toh.'.ao, they hud afterwards a narrow cikipe 
 from dtftruiilion ; — a perfon who pretended to be a 
 merchant from Panama, came to tliem, and oftlred to 
 trade with them fecrctly ; his propofal being uccept- 
 cd, a bark came out in the ni)^ht as had previuufly 
 btL-n agreed upon. But notwithftanding flie hailed 
 the ftiipi with the proper walch-worJs, the buccinccrs 
 ud the precnution to order her to vAi anchor. This 
 
 ■ Caprain Boml '.'tcMin^ for the foutli fe.is, and iiictiing \vi:!i 
 Captain Kalnn, was picvailtd on by hii pilot to jcin company t 
 Um tliis very man Fcitin^' on Ijoard Captain Eaton's fiiip per- 
 Uiatlcd liim to (hop hti old commander, wliicii u.is .iccortlingly 
 iJ'-rc alter mo ni;.;liti Liilini, tiii,-.tlier . Bond thus dcfcrteJ by 
 
 not been complied with by tho6 an board, tiicy 
 were fired upon by the ftiijis. In confequcnce of this 
 adl of hoftility, finding their fchenic dcteiilcd a few 
 minutes before it was ripe for execution, the crew , .i''.|. 
 quitted their bark, and immediately (ct fire to hei, 
 taking to their canoes. The fliips 'immediately cut 
 their cables, as they now perceived that this pretended 
 fmuggling veflel was a fiie-fliip, which without cftciSt- 
 ing the intended mifchief, drove burning towards 
 Tobago. She had been fitted out by Captain Uoiid*, 
 who had furrcudered to the Spaniards, and her direc- 
 tion, wa:^ againft Captain Davis's fliip, which with 
 di^culty efcapet) her ) but about the f.ipnc lime tlie 
 peoplcon board Captain Swan's veflel obfervcJ a (iiiail 
 float on the water which apj)eared tu have a man in it, 
 coming towards theni ^ hut obH-rving that he was dif- 
 covered, he dived, and they faw no niorc of the float, 
 which thev fuppofed h^ been furniflied with fome 
 cumbuftibles wjiich were intended to be faflened to 
 the rudder of Swan's fliiji. This danger being over, 
 the fliips returned to thejr buoys in thr- morning, 
 where they perceived a number of r-.,iocs and pri- 
 vateers, and prefcntly found that they were furniflied 
 with birds of the lame feather as themfclves. la 
 eft'eiS, they contained a company of French and Eng- 
 lifli buccaneers who were come into thofc parts to try 
 what plunder they could get. Thcjr were commanded 
 by two captains, the one named Grenet, the other 
 Lcquie, and reported that 180 EngliflimcA umler the 
 command of Captain Towaley ftill remained on the 
 iflhmus i th? Fre;nch having the flour prizes given 
 them, the Englifli were taken on board Captain Da? 
 vis and Captain Swan's fliips, and, foon after, Captain 
 Townley arrived, having taken two prizes, and 
 learned from the prifoners, tliat the Lima fleet was 
 ready for lailing. Falling in. with a bark belonging to 
 one CaptainKnight, which had loft him at lea, flie 
 was takenbv Captain S wall, and given to Harris in lieu 
 of that wnich had been' burned on account of her 
 heavy fiiiline. They were now in high eitpcfiatiens 
 of making uieir fortunes, bHC the following account 
 will fliew hoyr much they were disappointed. 
 
 While the fleet from Licna was thus anxioufly ex-> 
 peded, fome letters were intercepted t\i:a contained 
 the inftruftions to the commanders which courfe to 
 take. In confequcnce whereof the captains of the 
 buccaneers heldaconfultatioQ in what manner to fleer, 
 in order to interceptth^m j but while they were yet 
 undetermined,: won) was brought that the Spanifli 
 fleet was advancing, and, a^ jt fjiould fesni, to give 
 them battle. This news w^i^by nomean^ agreeaole. 
 Such a mingled crew being but ill ftiited to ftand a re- Tlicy are 
 gular engagement. However, there wijs. ot)w no alter* wuriled by tlw 
 native, either they muft fieht or run away, in which *''""'"''''"■ 
 cafe being taken finely, they probably would all be 
 deftroyed ; but by fighting fon)e might cii^nce to ef- 
 cape. The Spaniards, werf fourteen in number i of 
 which the admiral carried 40 gi^iti, 'and 540 men i 
 the vice admiral 40 guns and 40a fien ; the rear ad- 
 mit ul 36 guns and 360 men i one (hip of 24 guns and 
 300 itu-n i one, 01 18 guns and B50 nien ; and one of 
 eight guns and 200 men : they had likewife two fir«.t 
 fliips, and 6 fliips y(i,tb only fijmll arnis„ fomp pctiagpej 
 and tenders, having eight huiidmj men among tli«in< 
 The Englifli who w^re to Engage them, conuftcd of 
 10 fail J tthefe "^Frc, tiw only flii^is t>(. forge, th« 
 others being furniflied with none but fmall urms( 
 Captain Davis's l^ijp pjf 3^ sufisiwd 156 mwuimottly 
 Englifli i Captain 1 pwiiTeyh4d j jo uwn, all.Englifhi 
 Cajitain Grenet 308 men all it'reitch i. Captniit Har- 
 ris 100 men, moftly Englifli 1 Captain. Braiiley 3^ 
 men, fome Englifli, foijie French, i Swan's tender, 
 eight men i TowAl»y,'s b»rlHighly men ; *«di. Cnall 
 
 bark 
 
 J — i-ii-.j ■ . 
 
 the jxifon whom lii: wameil to <|irc£l itiii couifc in the fuuth 
 fcai, went for Porto 0cllo, wlierc lie ryric.idcred liiinfclf i«^ 
 tlic ^ovt:rnor, an'd Wki fent tii the viccrov of I. una, and after* 
 
 aiicciiupoti 
 : ii .1 
 
 wardi impluycdin clic(kiiig iliuficj)|>^» uf liic llu«i:a 
 thi; A.mcticaa toads, .,..,,.. ,;, , ..... , . 
 
I 
 
 CAPTAIN DAMPIER. 
 
 50 
 
 baric of 30 tons made into a (ire-fliip, with a canoe's 
 crew in her : the number of men altogether amount- 
 ing to 960. 
 
 The Englifli, notwithftanding the fuperiority of 
 thetncmy, rcfolvcd to begin the attack^ having the 
 advantage of the weather-gage, which gave them the 
 choice cither to fi<;ht or run. Accordinglyv about 
 three in the afternoon they bore down right before the 
 wind, on the enemy, who kept clofe upon a wind to 
 meet tiiem j but night came on without any thing 
 material being done on either fide. 
 
 When it grew dark, the Spanifli admiral nut forth 
 a light as a fignal for the fleet to caft anchor, and 
 preiently hoifted a light on his top, which, after con- 
 tinuing there an hour, was taken down, and in a little 
 time hoifted again, the Englilh being ftill to wind- 
 ward, were not aware of this ftratagcm, j for the Spa- 
 niard, knowing what confequence it was to gain the 
 i/eathcr-gage, hoilK-d the fecond light upon the top- 
 maft of one of his barks, and edged away filently 
 himfelf, followed by his capital (hips, and, as as foon 
 as it was day-light, appeared to windward of the 
 Englifli. This w s fuch an unexpeified llroke, as left 
 themnoolhercourfetotake but tofightor fly. Things 
 facing thus fituatcd an unequal engagement began. 
 Captain Townley being hard prefled by the enemy 
 made a bold pufli through a narrow gut that parted 
 the ifles, and was followed by feveral of the fmaller 
 (hips, bywhich means theyefcaped. Captain Harris was 
 chaced to the weftward ; and Cuptam Davis main- 
 tained a running fight all day round the bay of Pana- 
 ma, with the lofs only of a Angle man. At night, the 
 Spaniards gave over the purfuit, and fufFered the Eng- 
 lifli to rendezvous at the fame iflands from whence 
 they failed the day before to begin the attack. 
 
 The 30th, the Spaniards, without purfuing their 
 victory, continued their cotirfe to Panama, and the 
 Englifli fet fail to the keys of Quibo in fcarch of 
 Captain Harris, that being the place appointed to 
 rendezvous in cafe of being difperfed. Here they 
 cafliiered the French captain, who never came into the 
 engagement ; and having found Captain Harris they 
 held a confultation about what courfe they fliould in 
 future purfue. 
 
 The refult of all was. That they fliould attempt 
 fomething upon the coaft, fince they had no farther 
 chance of gaining any thing confidcrable upon the 
 feas ; and, after being joined by Captain Knight, who 
 when he went in queft of them, thought to have 
 found them in pofleflion of all the Spanifh treafures ; 
 they failed for Ria Lexa, the nearen port to Leon, 
 with eight veflels, having on board 640 men, and 
 well provided with canoes for navigating the ri 
 vers. 
 
 They quitted their fliips when they arrived within 
 24. miles of the fliore, to the number of 250 men em' 
 barked in canoes, which had a very difficult and dan' 
 
 trerous patTage, but neverthelefs landed without the 
 o(s of a man, marching forwards in three diviflons 
 The fnrcmofl of thofe confifting of 80 men under the 
 ronduA of Captain Townley, defeated a body of 
 Spanifli horfemen, entered the town, and drove the 
 main body of the Spaniards before the other two par 
 ties came up. In the mean time the governor of 
 Leon had formed an encampment near the town, and 
 intended to aflcmble what forces he could, and fall 
 upon the invaders. Uut a merchant of the name of 
 Smith being taken among the flragglers, and carried 
 before this commander } on examination, fo far 
 exaggerated the forces of the buccaneers, that he laid 
 afuleall thoughts of that fort, and fent a flag of truce 
 with propofaTs for ranfoming the city. 
 
 * Tlie (liips wire conimandcd by Dtvii, Swan, Townley, 
 nnil Kiiigtiii and llicy hail betides, a fire-lliip and three ten- 
 
 ders. 
 
 t How fearlcf'. Tocver the iciliabltants of Guatimala might be, 
 it is certain iliat they are rometimcs \ifitcd by c.irth(|uakei, ane 
 of which, fume few years fincc, dcflroyed nuinbcri of people, 
 overthrew their habiiaiions, and made dreadful havuik in clie 
 
 cuuntrv. 
 
 But here the avarice of the frce-booters out-going 16S4 
 their real'on, they demanded to fuch an extravagant * » 
 amount, as the governor perhaps had it '"" '" his.j.|, i^j,^^, 
 power to make good — and in confequence the town [ j',,* 
 was fet on fire. In the mean time a Spunifh gentle- 
 man was rcleafed on his promife of fending i JO oxen 
 to Ria Lexa, which promife he faithfully fulhlled. 
 
 On the i6th of June they reached that place, and 
 having forced a body of Spaniards from their in- 
 trenclunents, and cut a boom laid acrofs the river, 
 entered the town where they found nothing bur 
 500 facks of flour, and fome pitc'.i and tar j fome ot 
 the crew, whether by order, or of their own will, ib 
 not known, fet fire to the houfes before they departed. 
 After this expedition the Captains Davis and Swan, 
 refolved to feparatc ; Townley, with the two barks, RuTeva - 
 accompanied Swan, while Knight and Harris re-'"'- •" '''^■• 
 folved to follow the fortunes of Davis*. When this 
 feparation took place, Captain Davis flood for the 
 Peruvian coafts, but Swan went weftward, intend- 
 ing to fail home by way of the Ea'l Indies. On 
 board his (hip Dampier entered, chuling rather to go 
 with him than with Davis, whofc voyage was likely 
 to be confined within a narrower circle. 
 
 A fickncfs which it was fuppofcd they had cauglit 
 at Ria Lexa, and a courfe of tempeftuous weather Ciatlnuli. 
 marked their voyage to Guatimala, which they came 
 in fight of on the 14th. On this coaft a high volca- 
 no, appears with a double peak. From between 
 thefe peaks fire and fmoke ifTue forth with mod dread- 
 ful roarings ; yet the inhabitants were not afraid to 
 refide even at the very foot of the mountainf. The 
 city is fituate at the diflance of about eight leagues 
 from the South Sea, and about fifty from the North, 
 and is remarked for the rich commodities which the 
 neighbouring hills produce. It is famous for anattat, 
 filvefter, and cochineal. The volcano is to be fecn 
 at the diftance of 75 leagues from the fea. Thence •'^^fj^'j^'^;''^' "* 
 they failed to the latitutie of Togantabcque, and Cap- " 
 tain Townley, with 100 men attempting to land on 
 the coaft the furges beating at the bottoms of the 
 fandy hills, proved very unfavourable to that purpofe. 
 Thus difappointed, he coafted along, the (hips ftill 
 following his people who were in canoes, which the 
 captain refolved to run on (hore, but overfet them in 
 the attempt. A man or two they loft, and others had 
 broken bones ; however the landing was made good, 
 and their boats hauled on (hore, though moft of their 
 ammunition was damaged by the wet, but they could 
 difcover no town on the coaft, fo that they were 
 totally difappointed, in their cxpedations, and, what 
 was worfe, returned even without any provifions, and 
 thus continued their courfe to Tangola. They next 
 came toGuatuIco, (or Aneuatuiro) where they came 
 to an anchor, and intended prowling up the country, 
 but after having travelled a few miles, though 
 they fecured fome Indian guides, they found only a 
 little village where fome Vanellos were drying. — 
 There was neither gold nor filver to be got there, nor 
 any intelligence that might encourage the freebooters 
 to proceed, they had therefore no inclination to ftay 
 here longer than to recover their fick, and to prepare 
 all things for the continuance of their voyage to 
 parts more favourable to their wifhes. In the interim 
 they fent four canoes before them, with orders to 
 take what prifoners they could, and to wait for them 
 at the Port of Angels ; and following, on the 1 2th, they 
 met with two of them in a very diilrefsful fituation. 
 It fecms the crews had miftaken the harbour, and the 
 boats were overfet on the beach. They reported that 
 the other two canoes had left them on the 9th in the 
 night, and, as it was afterwards found, had rowed as far 
 
 a$ 
 
 t The Anatia Is ;i red dye made from the flowert of a flirub. 
 Silreller ii the feed of a fruit, fomewhat refemUing the prickly 
 pear ; and Cocliincal has been found to be a collcflion of infc£l), 
 bred in a furt of fruit of the lair.e fize. The Cochineal and 
 Silveflcr produce a fimilat dye, but the former is hcUl in llit 
 highcll eliimation, 
 3 
 
«a 
 
 THE VOYAGE OF 
 
 16S5 it Acapulco. However they joined the ill ips when 
 \i/*V^ they came bctbru the harbour, front whence there 
 was an extcnlive profpetil of a beautiful country. 
 I'he brows uf the hills were (haded with lofty treci, 
 the plains, and favannahs wittered by ftreamt and 
 rivulets, and the banks crowned with flowering 
 Ihrubs, which exhibited « moft ureeabie pidure. 
 Here they landed at the grazing (rat of a Snanifli 
 Ci-ntlcman, from whence the |K-oplc were all fled, 
 but they found fait and maize in great plenty. Oa 
 this coaft alfo they i;ot poultry, hogs, and cabaritos, 
 and took as much of everv thing they wanted as they 
 were able to bring off. I'hc harbour lies in 15° of 
 north latitiiJc. 
 
 Leaving Port Angels, they came to anchor, in 16 
 fathom water, under a fmall rocky ifland about fix 
 leagues to the weftward. The next day thev were 
 greatly embarralTcd by the followinjj circunmance : 
 " 'I'hey weighed and continued their courfc j and, 
 being a-brealt of a fmall lagune, whence the miffing 
 boats had a few days before taken a quantity of fifli, 
 tlicy lay to, and fent in a boat with twelve men to 
 bring off a more ample fupply. The Spaniards, on 
 marking the trim of the fhips, fufpecied their intent, 
 and concealing thcmfelves behind a rock at the nar- 
 row entrance of the lagune, difcharged a volley of 
 fmall arms at the boat juft as it pafled the place of 
 their ambufcade, by which five of the crew were 
 dangeroufly wounded. Alarmed at this fudden attack, 
 and finding it impoflibic to retreat, becaufe of the 
 narrownefs of the channel, they puflied forwards into 
 the lagune, where they could lie out of gim-fliot till 
 the enemy difperfod, or till they (hould be relieved b^ 
 the vigilance and valour of their own people. In this 
 fituation, however, they continued two days and 
 three nights, till at length. Captain Townly, fearing 
 fomc dilafter had befallen them, manned his canoes, 
 and beating the Spaniards from the rocks, o|Kned 
 the fufferers a free paffage to the fea. Their joy was 
 the greater, as the pains of the wounded men began 
 to grow intolerable ; and, had they not been relieved, 
 they muft in another day, niy perhaps in a few hours, 
 have died in the created agonies. 'I'his lagune lies in 
 lat. 16° 40'' nort^. 
 
 Hliving paired by a rock called the Algatrofs they 
 found that the Spaniards had erefled a breaft-work 
 a little to the weftward ; whence, however, they were 
 driven, and the buccaneers made good tlieir lauding. 
 At about three leagues diftancc from the entrance of 
 the river they came to a houfc wherein they found a 
 Mulatto fervant who offered to guide them farther up 
 the river, where they might get pleny of cattle and 
 maize, and told them that a ftout (hip from Lima 
 was then at Ac;:pulco, whither Captain Townly, 
 who wanted a better veflel, was eager for failing 
 in hopes to exchange his own for it ; but Swan 
 thought it more proper to infure provifion, that they 
 might wait well provided for the Manilla Ihip, 
 which was ex|)e£tcd off the fouthernmoft point of Ca- 
 lifornia, in her way to Acapulco. The matter be- 
 ing put to the vote, it was decided in favour of Cap 
 tain Townley's propofal, and accordingly the fliips 
 fet fail on the 5th upon this expedition. At the dif- 
 tancc of 12 leagues the captain embarked with 140 
 men on board, and a number of canoes, with a view 
 to take the ihip by furprize ; but had not failed above 
 four leagues before they met with a dreadful tornado. 
 Having efcaped the dangers of this dorm, they were 
 driven into Fort Marquis, about a league from Aca- 
 pulco, where they ftayeil to refit their fiiviiiturr, and 
 in the night of the fucceedine day, rowetl foftly into 
 Alt m the harbour of Acapulco.* Jn order to prevent beinc 
 
 take ihe Ijm* heard, we find, " Thev hauled in their o|rs, and 
 Uiip defeated, paddled foftly by the caftle ; then ftruck over to the 
 town, and found the (hip riding between the breaft- 
 work and the fort, about 100 yards from each." . ■ 
 1 
 
 Hy 
 
 , * Tl)c Mill of Acapulcn is diHin^uiOicd hy three hilh, tkat 
 in the miJdlc rifcs like • fup«r-Io«f, tlic moH weilcrlv o( the 
 tiiher two hai two hillock] cr. it. top. Acipulcu Ii» in lat. 17' 
 
 When they had well vievteJ her, add> Dampier, and 
 ronfultcd the danger of the defign, they thought it 
 impoffible to accompli(h it ; therefore they paddled 
 foftly back again, till they were out of command of 
 the fort ; and then they attempted to land, but were 
 oppofed by a company of Spani(h foldicrs, who fired 
 at them, and kept them at a diftance from the (hore 
 till day-light; when taking a view of the town and 
 caftle, and not Kking their appearance, they returned 
 un board tired, hungry, and heartily mortified at their 
 difappointment. — Finding that nothing was 10 be 
 done there, the (hips failed from Acapulco, and con- 
 tinued coafting along the (hore to the weftward. 
 The land which is low towards the fea, rifes gradually 
 to a very great height, and it is hazardous to lancl, 
 though at a mile's diltance there is a good anchorage, 
 As they proceeded thus they difcovereda fmall river, at 
 the entrance of which 170 of their men being landed, 
 were guided by an old Mulatto woman to a farm- 
 houfe, where they found 60 mules hiden with flour, 
 cheefe and chocolate, which they readily eafed of their 
 burdens, as alfo fome oxen, which together with 
 18 cows, that they afterwards took they cured, 
 and Conveyed on board, the lading of the caravan 
 being carried fafely to tlieir (hips, which quitted the 
 harbour on the 21 ft, where they had fo happily ac- 
 commodated them(elves with provifions. 
 
 Holding on their courfe, they came in fight of the Volcano oi 
 volcano of Colima, in lat. 15° 56" north, on the 28th Colima. 
 day of tlie montli. At the foot of this burning moun- 
 tain lies the town of the fame name, and all the fur- 
 rounding valley, according to the Spanifhdefcription, 
 is remarkably beautiful ; hut as the furf ran fo high 
 as to prevent the buccaneers from making any attempt 
 to land there, they proceeded to Sallagua, in lat. 18" 
 52" north. — Here two hundred men being landed, en- 
 gaged and defiaited a body of Spaniards, and going up 
 into the country, were informed rhe road they had 
 taken led to the city of Oarrah, and that the party 
 they had defeated, were fent to efcort fome paflcngers 
 from India, that were expcded to land in Sallagua 
 Bay, from on board the Manilla (hip ; a piece of 
 intelligence which haftened their departure, in order 
 to meet with the long exp"Aed veflel. 
 
 With this view they (tecrcd for Cape Corientes, 
 which they came in fight of on the i ith of December. 
 In their paflage Captain Dampier was afflicted with a 
 dropfy and an ague, which he found to be common 
 dilbrders on this coikft. In the mean time provifions 
 growing fcarce. Captain I'ownly's bark was feat to 
 examine the coaft to the weftward of the cape, but 
 returned on the 17th without having brought any 
 intelligence. And all the (hips which had been pro- 
 perly ftationcd, failed for the Ifland of Chametly, 
 about, 18 leagues to the caftward. Being arrived, they 
 caught a number of rock fi(h, and Captain Swan re- 
 turned to his ftation oft' tlic cape, 60 men being fent 
 to a village to procure provifions. The canoes re- 
 turning cm the 24th, reported, that they had rowed 
 to the Bay of Val d'Iris, or Valderas, where they 
 found a moft beautiful and fruitful country, on at- 
 tem|>ting to li:ize' fome of the cattle that were feeding 
 at large in the favannahs, they had a (kirmi(h with a 
 body of Spaniards fome of whom were horfemcn. 
 They repulfcd them, but not without the lof* of tour 
 Englifhmen killed, and two much wounded, after 
 which they returned without attempting any thing 
 farther. On Chriftmas-day they took throe Jew fi(h, 
 and on the 28th Capuin Tnwnley brought 40 bulhels 
 of maize, and thus they cnntiniKd crutfing till the 
 ift of January, when they fteeretl towards valderas, 
 and anchortng that night in 60 fathoms water, landed 
 the next day, and being divided into two bodies, one 
 party kept watch while the other leized and killed the 
 cattle ; (o «hui within five days they had (altcd beef 
 enough for two months provilion. 
 
 The 
 
 north, on riic wcdern fide of the American cuntinenc Ittirade 
 if to the £all-lndi<s and to Lima, in which three Ihtps are rc- 
 
 (jularly cin|>luyed. 
 
CAPTAIN D A M P 1 E R, 
 
 The time which tlicy thus employed in viiffual- 
 liiv, as Uam|)ier obfervcs, they fhouid rather have 
 fpint in cruifmg if they had properly conlidercil the 
 nature of ihiir ciiterprize, whic^ lie affirms, proved 
 unfiiccefsful on that account, f 
 
 The Captains Swan and .Townlcy, now parted 
 again ; the former refoivcd to ftcer caftward, and toolc 
 with hi.n a Mofkito chief and three of his men, w'-o 
 left Swan's <hip in order to go with him that he nii^jhi 
 have an oppoi-tunity of fetting them on fliore at ome 
 convenient place on the coaC, from wlience 'hey 
 might travel over land to the other lea. Cnpti.... 
 Swan (with whom Dampier continued) held his 
 coiirfe intending for a weftcrly navigation, and before 
 iiiyht he palled I'oint Pontique, in lat. ^o' 50" north, 
 about a league from whence lie two illandsof tlic fame 
 name. To proceed with the relation — " On the 14th 
 they came in fight of a fmall white rock, in lat. 21" 
 is'' north, which at a dilbncc, feenicd like a (hip 
 under fail. From this place the land ran (till north- 
 erly, the fea tumbling in with fuch violence upon 
 the (horc, that, for many leagues together, there- was 
 no landing, hut they found good anchoring as far as 
 the inand of Chametly. Thefc illands .nre fix in 
 number, and difterent from thole of the fame name 
 on thecaft of Cape Corientcs, being a little xvithin 
 the tropic of Cancer, and not above three leagues from 
 the main. On thefe illands grows a fruit called the 
 penguin, of which there are two forts, the yellow 
 and the red \ the yellow grows on a thick ftem, about 
 a foot high, the leaves are narrow, and about half tiie 
 length of the ftem edged with prickles. The fruit 
 grows out from' the top of the (tem in two or three 
 clufters, 16 or 20 in a clufter. It is i-ound and in 
 fize like a fmall puUet's egg; the outer coat is thick 
 and tough, and the pulp in the infidc is full of little 
 hlack feeds. The red penguin is in (hape like a little 
 nine-pin, grows upon ftooTs from the ground in clul 
 
 ters of 6o"or 70 on a llool, ftanding upright like the 
 leaves of a houfe-Ieek, and is fmaller than the yel- 
 low; they are furrounded by leaves a foot and a half 
 long, ctlgcd with prickles like the former. Thefe 
 have a (harp, pungent taftc, and arc wholefome ; but 
 thofcwho cat too freely of them, find them very heating. 
 In the Bay of Campeachy one can hardly range tiie 
 pl.iiii for their prickly leaves." 
 
 Parting IVoni htncc. Captain Swan, with 150 men, 
 in 12 canoes, entered a lake called Rio de Sal, to the 
 N.N. W. of Chametly. He landed fome of his men 
 at a gracing farm, and they perceiving two Indians 
 wounded one of them with their fmall (hot, who being 
 brought on boird, informed them thai there was an 
 Indian town, fituate on a ("av.innah, where was plenty 
 of cattle at the diftance of about four leagues. In 
 confcquence of this intelligence they prepared to fet 
 out for the place defcribed j but, on their wajv were 
 attacked by a body of Spanifh horfe, but thefe were 
 defeated by the Englifh, who were ncvcrthelefs after- 
 wards much cmbarralTcd by a ftratagcm of the enemy. 
 Their wav lay through a country abounding with 
 that fort of high grafs, which has already been men- 
 tioned as growing commonly about the Ifthmus of 
 Durien ; to this the Spaniards fet fire, and it was not 
 without great dilKculty that the conquerors cfcapcil 
 the fury of the flames that every where furrounded 
 them. In the mean time, their oppofers had leifure to 
 rccolleit themfelves, and concert meafures for mak- 
 ing fomc more eftciftual (hmd. This they endeavour- 
 ed to do at the \ill.ige towards which the Englilh 
 marched the next day, and found it garrifoned ; 
 but the want of fire-arms amone the Spaniards, and 
 the remembrance of their late defeat had fuch an cf- 
 ic&. upon them, that having loft fome of their ofli- 
 crrs, they retired, and left the place to the Englilh, 
 who had only one man killed, and their furgeon much 
 wounded in this fecond engagement. A few leagues 
 from hence, they were informed of two rich fcold 
 Vol. I. N' 6. 
 
 * nam) i;r, uliu, as ww have nl- [erred, liati lone twcn afUi^cd 
 w'liliiiit: (liuprs . wab here cureil hyUiippini; himlclf naked, »ntl 
 l)'ing du» I upun tiic hot fanO tut half ID iwur. To • piulult 
 
 mines, but they were more inclined to plunder the ifiH; 
 
 village and fto:e thcinfelves with provifions than to > , — ■' 
 
 go in fearch of this trcafiire. The captain with bo 
 men made another excurfion on the 2d of February, 
 to feek for the river Rolario, at the entrance of which 
 he landed, and having marched to an Indian town, 
 took away 90 bufticis of maize, and fome other pro- 
 vifions, making no attempt upon the gold mines 
 wliich it leems were not above two leagues from the 
 town i the next day the ftiips came to an anchor af 
 the moiuh of the river, in lat. 22" 51" north, and on 
 the 7th the captain, with his company, ca: -"; on board, 
 having but a fmall quantity of any nrcvii'io"? in pro- 
 portion to the number of his crew {tiic ixxf they had 
 liiltcd at Valderas excepted) and therefore a party was 
 fent on the 8th in fearch of Oleta River, but they 
 found it not, and returned without efleiling any 
 thinir. 
 
 'Iliey next anchored near the river St. lago, up 
 which 70 men failed on the nth to examine all the 
 creeks and inlets, and to get what intelligence they 
 could relative to the neighbouring country. 'I'hcte 
 people having taken an Indian who was fet to watch 
 a field of maize were informed by him that there was 
 a town called Santa Pecaque, about the diflance of 
 four leagues, and offered to guide them thither, where 
 he faid there was plenty of provifions. Upon this 
 information 140 men were embarked in canoe=, and 
 proceeded with the Indian guide, about five leagues up 
 the river, landed in the night, and the next morning 
 entered the town, which they found entirely deferttd. 
 — As they had not been deceived, in regard to the 
 quantity of provifions to be found there, they acquaint- 
 c\l their captain with their fucccfs ; he immediately 
 fet out for the place, and on his arrival, ufed all his 
 endeavours to keep fomc order among the men, who 
 now thought of nothing but plunder, and feemed not 
 to be under any apprehenfions of an enemy in their 
 fituation, though thofe that had been left to guard 
 the canoes in their abfcnce had been attacked by the 
 Spaniards and loft one of their people in the engage- 
 ment. Nay, fo infatuated were thefe plunderers, that 
 though there was intelligence of a thoufand men being 
 afl'embled to fall upon them, yet they would not de- 
 part with what they had got, but relolvcd ftill to re- 
 turn at different times to St. Pecaque till there (hould 
 not be a fingle load of provifion* left in the town. 
 Nor would they either be prevailed on by command 
 or perfuafion to march in a colle£ted body. The 
 confcquence was that a party of 50 of them, with as 
 many loaded bcafts, proceeding in a line, each man 
 leading his horfe, fell into an ambu(h laid for them F'fty of C'p- 
 bvtheencmv 1 and when Captain Swan, with another"'" Swan's 
 party, hearing the hring, came up in order to fup- ../net,, 
 port them, he found them all ftripi>cd of their arms 
 and plunder, and weltering in their blood, a fcene 
 which (huck him with horror, and quite damped the 
 fpirits of the furvivors, though the Spaniards fatis- 
 fied with this revenge, retired and fu(rcred the reft un- 
 molefted to repair to their (hipping. 
 
 St. Pecaque, in their expedition to plunder which P'^f'-'fip^i'"' "f 
 town, the followers of Swan fo feverely fuft'ered, is^t. l'c>;aque. 
 fituate on a fpacious plain at the fide of a wood, and 
 has a fquare in the middle, where the houfcs are 
 neatly built, and furnilhed with balconies. It is but 
 fmall, but has two churches, the Indians are moftly 
 Chriliians, and, at th.tt time, itwas accounted to be the 
 conftant refidence of about 70 white families, befides 
 the carriers from the mines who came thither occa- 
 fionally, and the merchants of Compeftella. 
 
 The Buccaneers not thinking it expedient after Captain Swia 
 their late check, to attempt any thing farther upon li:"'es the 
 this coaft, Ihaped tlieir courfe for Cape St. Lucar, '°''^' 
 on the Idand of California, but could not reach their 
 port, and were obliged to put in at the Maria 
 IHands, in lat. 21° 40' north, and at the diftance 
 of 40 leagues from the cape, for which they intended.* 
 S At 
 
 fwcat occafioncU hv the cxctflivc heal he attributci the fucctfs 
 of thii rcmcily, wluch actually rtflutrd him to hit haalih. 
 
Ca 
 
 THE VOYAGE OF 
 
 1685 At thcii fiift coming hither they lived only upon fculs, 
 Vi. I , I but ill a (cw clays were iupplied with turtle, conies, 
 and pigeons, and while the crew were working upon 
 the mips, the officers employed themfelves in furvey- 
 ing the ftorcs, as Captain Swan declared his defljjn of 
 coining home by way of the Eaft-Indics. This de- 
 claration caufcd a divifion of the company, fome ap- 
 plauding, and others com'.-mning the mcalure. On 
 the whole, it aj)prared that many difficulties were 
 likely to attend this feheme. At the utmoft, they ha>l 
 but 60 days provifiun on board — the maize rated at 
 little more than half a pint a day lor each man, be- 
 fides that the rats were continually devouring a part 
 of it. From Cape Corientcs to the neareft land (the 
 liland of Guam) was accounted 7000 mile;:, and 
 that iflnnd was fuhjc£l to their mortal enemies the 
 Spaniards. On thefc confldcrations, nothing couid 
 have prevailed on the majority of the adventurers to 
 proceed on this voyage but a promife which they, in 
 a manner, extorted from Captain Swan, to endea- 
 vour to intercept the Maiiilla fliip, by the Mking of 
 which they reckoned they (hould make them amends 
 for all the difficulties and dangers they had fuftained 
 in the courfc of their South Sea expedition. 
 Takes Ills lie- All things, however, being now agreed, (thcCyg' 
 p.inuicForthe net] Captain Swan, with 100 men, tne bark. Captain 
 Eilt-Icidics. Teat, with 50, took their departure from Cape Co- 
 rientcs, on the 31(1 of March. At noon the next 
 morning, they were carried by variable winds to the 
 diflance of about 30 leagues from the cape, and then 
 by a frelh gale were carried into the courfe of an 
 L. N. £. wind, which continuing, they proceeded with 
 all the fail they could fpread, and h.-id frequent 
 ubfervations ; but in a track of 6700 miles in latitude, 
 faw none of the idands, fuch numbers of which 
 (ie in the fume latitude on the other Tide of the line 
 Though every thing feemed favourable to their wiflies, 
 a conltant w.ud carrying them on with great fwiftnefs, 
 yet when about three weeks had clapfed, the mariners 
 began to grow impatient, and innfted upon having 
 their allowancccnlargeti, with which requifition Cap- 
 tain Swan was obliged to comply, notwithftanding the 
 imprudence of it was evident, as there was ftill a 
 danger that the wind might fail them, or that they 
 miglit not get fupplies when they fliould arrive at 
 Guam. The allowance, when fo enlarged, was 10 
 fpoonfulsof maize for each man. Some of the (hip's 
 company did not drink above once in nine or ten days; 
 foitir not in twelve, and there was one who did not 
 drink in fevcnteen days, and then faid that he was 
 not thirfty. 
 
 But this fpare diet fo he.i.ily felt by moft of the 
 ircw that were in health, contributed to the eftablifh- 
 ment of Dampic r's health, who was flrengtiicned by 
 it. He was not, liowever, one of thofe who could fub- 
 fill without drink, (a thing almolt incredible in thole 
 latitudes) on the contr.-iry, though he had been (ok- 
 vertly ;UHicled with the dropfy, he drank three times 
 iu a day, and continued mending daily. At this time 
 we arc told of an inllance of feverity in Captain 
 Swan, which in fuch a fituation might well have 
 hien omitted. He ordered a man found guilty of 
 theft to receive three ladies with a two inch rope from 
 every one on board, hliiifelf fetting the example by 
 giving the flrii firoke.— ^This ftricrnefs in punifliing 
 lobbirv by a buccaneer captain, who, as fuch, might 
 be euiiiidered in the light of a common plunderer was 
 rather extiaoidinary ; but with all Captain Swan's 
 lituits, it mull be obferved that he was led into buc- 
 caneering with fome reluctance, and feemed all along 
 defirous of quitting that bad employment, as foon as 
 Dpportunity flioultf offer. As to his general line of 
 cunduc^ itappi-ars to have been diiiiateiiby afpirit of 
 difcunteiit, ariling from the difagreeable circumflances 
 in wlilch he fuund himfelf with a company of men 
 who were head-llrong and ungovernable, and whofe 
 ebjcifl was nothing but plunder, while he had his 
 views ftill Hxed upon trade, to which they had an utter 
 averfion. 
 The murmuring of the mariners increafing, Swan 
 
 had endeavoured toperfuadc his people that though if w.'.s 
 
 nolefsthan 7200 miles from Cape Corientcs to Guan;, 
 
 by thf Spaiiilh account, yet tliey might run it in 50 
 
 days, as Drake and CavenJilh iiad done before tiiem, 
 
 adding that by tlic Engl ifli account it was but 5700 
 
 miles i but tills only lervcd for a temporary expedient, 
 
 for, when they had run down this reckoning, the men 
 
 began to be quite mutinous, and to throw out bitter in- Impjuct-: o- 
 
 veciives a^'ainll their commander. During their courfe, il>e cicu . 
 
 t'lTy had' hitherto feen neither fowl, bird, or inledt, 
 
 ixcept once when at the dillancc of 4975 miles 
 
 from Cape Coiientes they faw ruabies, wliieh they 
 
 imagined might have comu from fome neighbouring 
 
 land, but they fell in with none, in confequcncc olf 
 
 thcfe tokens. 
 
 Swan was now obliged to change his manner of 
 
 reafonin§ i he obferved that it was ttill prob.ible 
 
 the Spanifh reckoning might be right, and .is they had 
 ftill the continuance of the breeze if it lallcd but a 
 few days longer they would be likely to fee an end of 
 their hardfhips. Thus encouraged, they proceeded 
 with foine little hopes, which were kept alive by their 
 having fome rain on the i8th of iVlay, the clouds fett- 
 ling in the weft, and giving tokens of their approach- 
 ing land. The barks being three leagues iidvanced 
 before the (hip, on the 20th, ran over a fhoal where 
 there was only four fathoms water, and numbers of 
 fifties were feen fwimming about upon the flioal. 
 On this Captain Teat lay by, to fpeak with the fhip, 
 and coming on board, reported what he had feen. 
 They were in li" 55' north latitude, and, clapping 
 on a wind, fleered to the northwarJ, as CJuam w.'s laid 
 down in 13^ north in the Spanifh charts, vc: as no 
 fuch ftioal as they had juft pafl(:d was noticed by them, 
 there was yet a room to doubt whether they wei^; in 
 the right track. Trufting therefore the event to for- 
 tune, they followed the moft probable courfe, and to 
 their great fatisfaflion, faw the ifland of Guam, at_ , . 
 the diftancc of about eight leagues at four in the af- J^^ '•"•;om| 
 tcrnoon, — " A<id happy it was, fays Dampier, that 
 we got fight of ir before our provifions were gone, of 
 which we had but enough for three days more, for, as 
 I was afterwards informed, the crew combined to kill 
 Captain Swan and cat him when the victuals were 
 ^one, and, after him, all of us who were acceflary 
 in promoting the voy.ige." Such was the favagcdiO- 
 pontion of thefc men, whofe behaviour had all along 
 been fufficicnt to four a milder temper than that of 
 their commander, whom though they did not kill and 
 eat at fea, yet they afterwards found means to aban- 
 don to his fortune, as will be feen in the feqiicl. 
 
 Guam is one of the Ladrone iflands, which Dam- 1'l'<ya"in«| 
 pier places in lat. 13° 21' north, computing the me- *^"*"^ 
 ridian diftancc from Cape Corientcs to be about 7302 
 miles, fuppofing the fouth feas to be 2(; degrees broader 
 than it is generally computed. I'his ifland is about 
 36 miles long and 12 broad. There was a Spanifli 
 fort of fix guns, with between 20 and 30 foldicrs in 
 garrifon, commanded by a governor, with one or t^vo 
 fubordinate officers. They found the climate healthy, 
 and the people a^ive and ingenious, being particu- 
 larly expert in building and navigating their boats, 
 which would run 24 miles within the hour. A Spa- 
 nifti friar and three Indians came on board as foon as 
 they had caft anchor ; and being received with great 
 civility, and acqu.iinted that the Englifh came thither 
 in a friendly manner to pui'chafe provifions •, the cap- 
 tain was informed that they were rather fcarce at that 
 time upon the ifland, but that the governor would 
 fupply them to the beft of his power. To him thev 
 fent letters wit^ a prcfent, and in the mean time, a boat 
 of theirs which was difpatched to purchafe cocoa nuts 
 came back laden to their fatisfadion. Afterwards 
 the governor fent the captain half a dozen hogs, a do- 
 zen of mu(k melons, and as many water-melons ; 
 and gave orders to the Indians toaffilt them in fifliing 
 and gathering fruits, and to take bread-fruit for them 
 every day. But while they were carrying on this 
 friendly intercourfe, the Manilla ftiip coming in fighf, 
 was warned to bear away, in doing which <hc ftruck 
 . , , upon 
 
CAPTAIN DAM PIER. 
 
 6j 
 
 though it wrs 
 tcstoCiuaiij, 
 : run it in 50 
 bel'ore tiicni, 
 WIS but 5700 
 ry expedient, 
 ling, the men 
 out bitter in- Imiiailc! ■: 
 jtlieircourfe.iliciicrt. 
 d, or inl'eilt, 
 4975 miles 
 , which they 
 neighbouring 
 jnfeijucncc vt 
 
 ait>, yc: as no 
 
 iiiceil b/ tti'.-m, 
 
 rr they wei.; in 
 
 »e event to for- 
 
 cuurfe, and to 
 
 1 of Guam, at^_ ,;f.^, I 
 
 jur in the af- i„j' | 
 
 Dampler, that 
 
 were gone, of 
 
 more, for, as 
 
 unbined to kill 
 
 visuals were 
 
 were acceflary 
 
 the favagcdil- 
 had all along 
 than that of 
 d not kill and 
 
 neans to abaii- 
 
 Ibqucl. , 
 
 which Dam- Tlieyartii.«j 
 
 .uting the me- '^"•»'' 
 be about 7302 
 legrees broader 
 iland is about 
 'as a SpaniQl 
 |0 foldicrs in 
 n one or two 
 imate healthy, 
 being particu- 
 g their boats, 
 our. A Spa- 
 lard as foon as 
 ;ed with great 
 h came thither 
 ^ns ; the cap- 
 fcarce at that 
 tvernor would 
 To him they 
 time, a boat 
 ifc cocoa nuts 
 Afterward* 
 n hogs, a do- 
 •ater-mclons ; 
 [em in iifliing 
 Tuit for then* 
 ing on this 
 ling in fighr, 
 tch flic ftruck 
 
 Upon a (hoal, and might have fallen into the hands of 
 . ^jf, the'''* "dventurcrs, but that Swan found means to prc- 
 i!aiiill«<hip. vent his men from attempting this entcrprife. They 
 flayed at Guam all the remainder of May ; on the 
 30th of the month the governor fent the captain ajar 
 of bread made of fine flower, two jars of pickled 
 mangoes and pickled fifti, fome hogs, and a quantity 
 of rice, and was furnilhed with wwdcr and (hot in 
 return, and prefcntcd a fine Englim dog, to which he 
 had taken a particular fancy. Swan was likewife de- 
 firous of the governor's letter to the merchants of 
 Manilla, with a view to trade, but this wasafccrct 
 which he did not communicate to his men. 
 
 As to the friar, the commander gave him an allro- 
 
 • labe, a large telefcope, and a brafs cluck, who in 
 
 return for the civility fent the captain fix hogs, a pig, 
 
 fome bulhcis of potatoes, and half a hundred weight 
 
 of Manilla tobacco. 
 
 The fhip and bark being plentifully provided with 
 lieyanclior all things that the ifland afforded, h.wing on board 
 iioit Mind»- cocoa nuts, bread-fruit, and 50 hogs in pickle, fet 
 fail from Guam on the 2d of June, (leering for Min- 
 danao, which is the principal of the Philippine iflands. 
 They arrived on the coaft about the middle of June, 
 but not coming to that fide of the ifland where the 
 principal town was fituated, they courfed round the 
 land, till the middle of next month, before they came 
 to an anchor, which as foon as they had done, they 
 fired fcvoii guns, and were anfwered by three from the 
 (hore. A raja, and one of the emperor's fons after- 
 wards coming on board, demanded who they were, 
 and being anSvered that they were Engliih, were bid 
 welcome to tfie ifland, at the fame time they were 
 aflced whether their intention was to fettle a fadlory. 
 This at firft furprifed Captain Swanj but it lecmed 
 that one Captain Goodluck had been there before, 
 witii propofals of that kind from the Englifh Eafl 
 India company. 
 
 At the time that they lay before Mindanao, the 
 princeof oncof the neighbouring iflands privately fent 
 his nephew to Captain Swan to invite him to come 
 and li:ttlc in his dominions ; but for fome unknown 
 reafons, no regard was paid to this propofal. In the 
 mean time, it was forefcen that the wefterly mon- 
 foon which was near approaching, would oblige the 
 Ihips to continue in the port; on which account Capt. 
 Swan, having laid afide all thoughts of continuing 
 his piratical depredations, refolved to take pains 
 to ingratii;:e himfelf with the fultan of Mindanao, 
 to whom accordingly he fent rich prefeiits, nor were 
 his chief minilters forgotten upon the occafion. 
 I'heli; civilities had a very nood effe£l j the prefents 
 were gracioufly received, and the fultan had an hour's 
 cunverfation with Mr. Moore (who had failed from 
 London in quality of a fupercargo) in the courfe of 
 which he aflced many quellions by means of aSpanifh 
 interpreter. Captain Swan was the next day invited 
 on fliore, with whom alfothe king difcourfed much, and 
 once more demanded whether the Englifli were conic 
 to fettle there in confequence of the letters he had re- 
 ceived from the Eaft India company. This convcr 
 fation, as may be cafily imagined, was very enter- 
 taining, Swandcfcribing to the fultnn the adventures 
 he had gone through, and the various countries ho had 
 fecn, and the Indian prince entertaining him with 
 accounts of the nature and produce of his country. 
 After Captain Swan left the royal prclence he was en- 
 Iiptun Sivin '"■'*'""' ''y '^'J* Laut, the fultan's uncle, with a 
 >iLiair,cdl>y banquet of boiled rice, fifli, and fowls, after the Eaft 
 laja Laiit. India fafhion. In order to fljew the raja's rcf^ard for 
 the captain, the latter was given to underftand, 
 " That while Mr. Goodluck refided in that city, he 
 had been robbed by a lervant belonging to Raja Laut, 
 and that the fellow abfconded till Mr. Goodluck took 
 his leave: but that he now returned, and was ready 
 to be delivered up, to be punilhed in fuch manner, 
 and with fuch feverity, as crimes of the like nature 
 are punilhed with by the laws of England. But Capt. 
 Swan told him, that in his country none but the in- 
 jured purtjr could profccute the criminal ; and as the 
 
 man had committed no oflitnce againil him, he cc.ild 
 take no cognifancc of hiscrimc. The raja licaid him 
 with altonilhment ; and, to (hew that the princes ot 
 Mindanao were f.ir from countenancing fuch piaciices, 
 he caufcd the fellow to be ftript naked, tied to a poll, 
 and expofcd a whole day with his face to thj burning 
 fun J while the moflcitos continually toiniented him, 
 without a poflibility of being able to brulh them off, 
 a kind of torture that few arc hardy enough to fiir- 
 vivc. This condcfccnfion was followed by a like of- 
 fer from the captain, of delivering up every one of 
 his men who (hould offend againft tlie laws of the 
 Mindaneians; but the minifter returned the compli- 
 ment, and left the puniflimcnt to the captain himfelf, 
 who, upon the Icafl: complaint, puniflicd his men witli 
 a feverity that fhcwed more of revenge than of juf- 
 tice. Among thofe who felt the cffcdts of his indig- 
 nation was Captain Teat, his thief mate, who com- 
 manded the bark that accompanied him in his run 
 acrofs the fouthcrn ocean ; and others who had offend- 
 ed him on board he remembered, now he had the couii' 
 tenance of the court on fhore." 
 
 All this time Captain Swan was greatly honour.d 
 by the chiefs of the iflartd, and the water running low, 
 a number of the natives aflifted his men in lightening 
 the fhip to float her up the river, and moor her (c- 
 curcly. The natives came on bo,-ird, and the Englilh, 
 in return were invited on fhore, where they were well 
 entertained, and many of them formed connexions 
 with the bell families of the ifland. In the mean time 
 the young women were not wanting in difplaying at- 
 traaions, which to failors - ;me on fiiore from fuch .-i 
 vovage, could not but be agreeable. Thofe who had 
 gold, as is always the cafe in fuch circumftanccs, h.id 
 the preference, and the females generally took cars 
 thvy fhouM pay well for their favours. As there were 
 artificers who worked in the gold and jewelling way 
 on the ifland, they took care to come in for their fliare 
 of the advantage, making thofe who befpoke toys for 
 their miftrefles give a fuflicient price for their lovc- 
 prefents. When they took the ingots of gold prc- 
 fented by the Englifii for exchange, they gave them 
 juft what fum they pleafed :— — Thus fome got 16 or 
 18 dollars an ounce, while they put others off with 
 12 J and even the price of nccefl'arics was advanced 
 after the arrival of thefe adventurers at Mindanao. 
 The captain himfelf, though generally fuppofed by 
 his people not to be of the moft generous dilpofition, 
 yet gave countenance in a great meafurc to the diflipa- 
 tion of his followers. The fultan's piilace, or that of 
 Raja Laut, was his conflant refort, efpccially the lat- 
 ter, where fome of his followers who were not pol- 
 fcffed of any property came, and were entertained 
 with vi<auals dreffcd up in the fame manner of the 
 natives, who made no ufe either of knives or forks, 
 but crammed themfclvcs with as much as their mouths 
 would hold. To the hoggifli cuftoms even of the 
 lowcft of thefe people, the voyagers could have no 
 obje<5tion while they were received hofpitably, and 
 made no doubt but they were entertained at free coft. 
 Some apologies were made to the commander on 
 account of its being the Ramadam or Lent in thofu 
 parts. On this account likewife there was a fufpen- 
 iion of the diverfiuns of the country, the people being 
 Mahometans. 
 
 The expelled rains coming on in the month of 
 Auguft, with ftormy weather, the river fwelled and 
 large trees driving down upon the veflels, they were 
 in perpetual danger of driving on fhore. The fealon 
 fufpcnded bufinefs as well as pleafure, in the city, 
 which flood in the midft of water, without any 
 other communication between the houfes, while the 
 inundation continued, in which cafe the pofls where- 
 on their dwellings were ereiSed, proved very fcrvicc- 
 able in fecuring them from the effeiils of the water. 
 
 Having paffed the Ramadam, and waited for the 
 fubfiding of the waters. Raja Laut entertained Cap- 
 fain Swan, with fome of the dances of the country j 
 thofe who were employed in them, performing to 
 vocal mufic, which from flow went on to fwift time, 
 
 Wlli 
 
 i6Ss 
 
t^ 
 
 *rriK VOYAGE OF 
 
 j6S6 and tKedahcers moved thi-ir Iicad?, arniF, and bodici 
 
 ' V- — ' with nmnziiig quicknefs, their legs and lict bring hut 
 
 The raptain ''"'^ employed in thefc tatitartic mcaturts. In order 
 the to return this compliment, Capt;iin Swiin, who nl- 
 
 Iniliiiiti 
 
 •ri,c R.ii.'s 
 c..ii.!u« fuf- 
 
 ways wiflicd toimprefson the idanders a high idea ot' 
 his own confequence, gave them a dance after the 
 Encli(h manner, to which the ("ultan, the chiels, and 
 their women were invited. The room being hung 
 itrith fillts, adorned with gold and filvcr lace, imd il- 
 luminated with a great number of wax candles, made 
 fuch an appearance as aftcnifhed the Indians. After 
 the dancing was over, they were unwilling to with- 
 draw, though their appetite as well as their fi[;ht 
 had been feafted, favoury dlftics and fwcctmcats bav- 
 in;;; been provldeil for the purpofc. It was near day- 
 break when the fultan retired, and his women reluc- 
 tantly accompanied him. — R.ija Laut and bis fe- 
 male train ftaid after his iiKijelty w.is departed j and 
 wine wes drank among them, notwitl'ltanding the 
 prohibition of the Mahometan law. 'I'liis entertain- 
 ment furniflicd great matter of convtrf^.tlon among 
 rfic Mindaneian.s who of all the dancers tliey had 
 lien, liked none fo well as one Jack 'I'liackcr, a com- 
 mon failor, who had learned to I'ance horn-pipes at 
 VVappin;;, with which he had exceedingly diverted 
 them.— i'rh'e Raja enquiring who hv was, one of his 
 mellinates told his highnefs that In; was an Englilh 
 nobleman,' who travelled plerely for his divcrfion, 
 adding that the rell were gentlemen who had left 
 England from a dcfiie of travelling. Captain Swan 
 hearing of this, vexed perhaps at the impofition, and 
 confulting an ill fupportcd dignity rather than the 
 di<J>ates of good-nature,- cxhibiteil on this occafion 
 another inftancc of ill-timed feveritv. He caufed this 
 man, who, it is faid, was ignorant of what had been 
 repented of him, to be ftrip|x:d of his fine clothes and 
 lathed in the prcfencc of the Raja. 
 
 This prince, who had fo long been confulered by 
 the Englifli, and particularly bv their commander, as 
 their bell friend, when tliey preparol for their de- 
 parture, gave fome tokens of his infincerity. Ex- 
 aminina; the bottoms of the vcflcis, they found that 
 of the bark to be eaten by the worms into holes 
 like the cells of a honeycomb, and unfit for fervicc, 
 the fliip being fheathed, had onlv her falfe bottom 
 dtdioyed. In thefc cirtumdances, application was 
 made to ihc Raja, for planks to renew the fhcathing 
 of the latter, who coming down to view it, fcemcd 
 much difconcerted, obferving, this was the firft fhip 
 he had fecn with two bottoms. This give occafion 
 to fufpeiSl that he wifticd the fhip h.id been rendered 
 unlerviceable as well as the bark, by which means 
 he might have had her gun?, as he had fecn a Dutch 
 fliip thus dilahled, tliat could never put to fea 
 again. His never apprifing Captain Swan of the 
 danger which he coukt not but be acquainted with, 
 coiihimcd the fufpicion. As to the natives, they gc- 
 ncrallv hauled their vefllls uiion the beach, to burn 
 their bottoms, and let them lie there till they were 
 wanted again. It was about the middle of November 
 that the Eiiglifh began to examine their veflids, and 
 having repaired the (heathing, and put the ballaft, 
 llores, and ^:;unt on board, the month of December 
 was taken up in their ncccffary employment, and it 
 W.1S tlie beginning of January when they began to 
 Hll water. At this time they applieil to Raja Laut 
 to furnifh them with buffaloes, which he had iiro- 
 mifed them (hould not be wanting. Thefc buffaloes, 
 being wild, he pretended every day to take his men 
 out to hunt them, but, on their return, their gucfts 
 were always given to underftand that they had not 
 met with fuccefs. Nor did Captain Swan himfelf 
 feem very eager to fet fail. In return for lead and 
 iron fold to tl>c Raja he expelled a certain quantity of 
 rice and beefi but the Raja, had not fulfilled his 
 agreement. He had befidcs borrowed 20 ounces of 
 gold of the captain, but would not return it ; charg- 
 ing him a greater fum for his own and his mens board, 
 'i'hus things went ill on fliore, and all was (till worfc 
 oji board, where the majority were for continuing 
 
 their piratical ravages j fome Wi ru ivt gctriiig homft 
 as loon as poflibic, and fojiie having formed connex- 
 ions witii the natives, would wiUJM^'yhavc li.iyed nt 
 MiiTdanao. In the midll of thi'. B.ibel ofccmfufion, 
 thiife who wifhed to return hmne, piirchaled a vellbl, 
 defigning privately to depart for Borneo, where they 
 underllood they ftiould meet with an KnL'lifh failory ; 
 and from thence they fdppofcd they might lindancafy 
 paffage fo England. But the dtlign was difcovered, 
 and thofe concerned in it were threatened to be punifh- 
 cd .isdefcrters. AiiMlior fit of malr-coiitents withdrew 
 and coMcialcd thmifelvrs, in order that they might be nif'"'''" 
 left behind in the country. In the mean tiinc,"thofe »'""''p ^'l'. 
 who continued on board the flilp f. iit iron on (liorc, ' ' "" "' 
 to be exchanged for honey and arrack, the latter of 
 which intoxicating them, added to their dif(udt'rs. 
 
 Reprcllntations) had been made to Captains wan, th.it 
 in oidi.r to fettle all thefc dillinbanccs, it was highly 
 neccd'ary for him to declare himfelf, and it i^ highly 
 probable that if he had exertid his good fenfc upon 
 the occafion, and fettled m;aicrs on board inftead of 
 attetKiing fo much to his iuterells on Oiorr, he might 
 ftill have brought matters to a happy iffuo. A day 
 w.-is, liowcver, fixed (the 13th of January) when he 
 promifed to come on board and ordered the mIioIo 
 crew to attend him ; but two days before his gunner 
 going on board for fomcthing, which the captain 
 wantetl, his journal fell into the hands of John Hmd, 
 an aitill, who finding tlie mutinous behaviour of the 
 crew noted in it, and particularly the coiiduifl of .1 
 namefakc of his, a Jamaica man, this journal was 
 handed about, and the confequence was, that the 
 whole lli'p's crew, Simulated by Captain Tent, 
 fworc that they would never fail again under their 
 old commander. This refolution being taken, molt 
 of them were for departing immediately, but neither 
 of fht furgeons w " 0:1 board. 
 
 The next morning they fcnt to dcfire the prefence 
 of the furgeons, on pretence of a man's having broken Thtir nr»u« 
 his leg. riic chief furgeon did not come, but fcnt his fi^'"- 
 mate, Mr. Herman Coppingcr, and Uampicr went 
 with him. Having fo far crfcdled their purpofe, they 
 difpatched their canoe to the fliorc to bring .iway all 
 who chofe to come on hoard v.iihouC making Swan 
 acquainted with the matter. On the 1 -jth in the 
 morning, they weighed and fired a gun, whereupon 
 Mr. Nelly, the chief mate, was fent to demand the 
 reafon of this proceeding. They Ihcwed him the 
 journal, and complained heavily of the captain's 
 treatment. By him, however, they were perfuaded to 
 wait for the captain, though they declared againll a 
 reconciliation. But Captain Swan, whofc cnaraiSlcr 
 was rcferve and diffident either chofe not to truft him- 
 felf with thofe who conceived he had injured them, 
 or difdained entering into a conference with men 
 whom, from his heart, he hated and defpifed, and who 
 h^d lb often give pioofs of their wilhes to Ihakc off 
 ail authority. 
 
 However that might h?, lie and 36 others were left 
 behind in the town. When to thefc were added 16 
 who died, as fome fuppofed, of poifon, and feveral 
 who deferted, the number of thofe that departed wan 
 redurcel from I50to-8o, who fet fail on the 14th of ttk,. fj, f^y H 
 January, at three o'clock in the afternoon, refolving without tlic.;RJ 
 to trufl to thcmfelves for the chance of their future commamlrr. 
 fortunes. 
 
 On the i7th they anchored in a bay on the weft fide 
 of a fmall Ifland, where they proccede-d to the eleftion 
 of their officers.* Having fupplied thcmfelves with 
 water, they afterwards continued their courfe : In their 
 w.iy they Aruck upon a rock, on which they lay for 
 two hours, but being heaved off by the rifing of the 
 tide, got clear of the danger, with the lofs of a piece 
 of their rudder. They anchored afterwards at the 
 north well end of the Ifland Mindcra, and here » 
 canoe with fome Indians coming up with them, told 
 
 them 
 
 ^ On tliis occafion jolin Rca(!, the Tarnaica mani was clitifcn 
 cap-ain, I'lioiiii^ 1'cit, mitkr, IDU Henry Mote, rjuutcro 
 iiullii. 
 
tAPTAIN DAMPIERi 
 
 61 
 
 liiig tiomft 
 i coniH'X- 
 
 c Hayocl at , 
 
 confufion, 
 :i a vdlbl, 
 khcrc they 
 h lartory ; 
 inilnncafy 
 difcovcred, 
 be piinifti- 
 s withdrew 
 ymiKhtK-^'f"';^--" 
 
 time, thote ^^^..j„f;_ ^,5^,. 
 
 II oil fliorc. 
 
 If latter of 
 
 irmdors. 
 
 1 Swan, that 
 
 wivs highly 
 
 It i< highly 
 
 fenfc upon 
 J inftead of 
 c, he might 
 u'. A day 
 y) when he 
 ( the whole 
 • his gunner 
 
 the captain 
 •John Bead, 
 ivioiir of »ho 
 conduifl of a 
 journal was 
 as, that the 
 ptaiii Tent, 
 I under their 
 
 taken, moft 
 , but neither 
 
 : the prcfence 
 
 laving broken TlKirnriti. 
 
 kbutfenthisK^'"- 
 ampler went 
 purpofe, they 
 
 >n^ 
 
 awav all 
 
 aking Swan 
 
 iyh in the 
 
 whereupon 
 
 demand the 
 
 wed him the 
 
 the captain's 
 
 : perl'uaded to 
 
 red againft a 
 
 lofc charaftcr 
 
 to truft him- 
 
 injurcd them, 
 
 ce with men 
 
 ifetl, and who 
 
 to (hake off 
 
 hers were left 
 
 ere added l6 
 and feveral 
 
 departed wa» 
 II the 14th of They fet f/i! I 
 on, rcfolving without il«i; I 
 f their future commamlfr. 
 
 the weft fide 
 
 :o the eleflion 
 
 ;mfelves with 
 
 rfe: in their 
 
 they lay for 
 
 rifing of the 
 
 lofs of a piece 
 
 rwards at the 
 
 (, md here a 
 
 ih them, told 
 
 them 
 
 thetti ttiit if they had any intention of trafficking with 
 the Spanifli merchants they might obtain tor a trifle a 
 recommendatory letter from a certain friar which would 
 be ferviceable to them had they been inclincil to fuch an 
 honeft occupation. But they were diftcrcntly difpofed. 
 havock and fpoil were thtir delight, they therefore 
 declined this offer, and proceeded on their courfc to 
 Luconia, which they reached on the 23d of February, 
 where they took a Spanilh bark, bound for Manilla, 
 laden with rice and cotton cloth. The mafter of this 
 veffel was boatfwain to the Acapulco ftiip that paflcd 
 by Guam, and he was the perfon who related by what 
 means fte had efcaped them there, with the reft oj 
 the circumftances already mentioned. This piratical 
 crew now determined to go to Pulo Condore, to wait 
 there for the Acupulco fliip which generally arrives 
 at Manilla about the Utter end of the month of May. 
 They caft anchor at Condore on the coalt of Cam- 
 bodia,* on the lAth of March, and on tlie i6th en- 
 tered a harbour where they ciu-cened their fliip, being 
 aflifted by the Indians, whobrought themho;',s and turtle 
 in exchange for rice, of which thev had a great quan- 
 tity in ftorc. While they were thus employed, two 
 men who were fuppofed to have been poii'oned at Min- 
 danao, died, and when thev weic opened by the I'urgcon, 
 their livers were found dry and black, foinewhac re- 
 fembling pieces of cork. The reafon D.inipier af- 
 fignsfor thcMlndaneians thu< poi:'oni;i!j; the Kiiglith 
 was, that Ibmeoftheirguefts had made toe IrLc-wiili their 
 wives, and the hiifbands thereupon took this method 
 of revenging themfelves. 
 
 From Condore they failed for Siam on the 21ft of 
 kef fail for April, being piloted thitlter by an I'.d Indian who 
 ^ was convcrfant in the Malayan tongue. Thus con 
 
 dufted, they arrived in the bay of Siam aAer a run of 
 three days : Their intention here was to get foine dried 
 fifli i but being difappointed in that particular, they 
 left the place on the 21ft of May, and returned to 
 Pulo Condore. In their coune they overtook a 
 Chinefe junk, which accompanied them all the way, 
 and by her crtw they were told that the Englifli had a 
 fa£lory at a place called Silleber, on the ifland of Su- 
 matra. When they reached the place of their defti- 
 nation, Read ohferving a Malayan vefl'el at anchor 
 within fliore, fent a canoe to know from whence they 
 came, at the fame time eiving his men a caution not 
 to truft themfelves with the ftrangers, but to hail them 
 from the canoe. But they, as regardlcfs of his advice, 
 •s many of them had been of their old commander's, 
 went on board unarmed. The confequence was that the 
 Indians fuddenly falling upon them, ftabbed five or fix 
 with their fhort daggers. The reft jumped overboard 
 and reached the boat, and amongft them one Daniel 
 Wallis who knew nothing of the art of fwimming, 
 nor ever fwam before or after that time ; yet he got to 
 the boat as well as his companions. This alfo is ano- 
 ther inftance to illuftrate that maxim of thofe hidden 
 powers in man which arc never known till they are 
 exerted upon fome prefTing emergency. At this place 
 Herman Coppingcr went on fliore with an intention 
 of fcparating himfelf from the fhip's company whofe 
 manners ana proceedings were by no means agrc'e- 
 able to him ; but Read fent an armed party to bring 
 him on board again ; and thus his defign was defeated. 
 They remained on this ifland, being detained by bad 
 weather, till the 4th of June, and then departed, 
 after having taken on board a Malayan Portuguefe 
 from the junk, as an interpreter, and at lafl, they 
 weighed anchor with a contrary wind. Ten days they 
 expe£lcd its ihifting, fo as to carry them to Manilla ; 
 hwy jlinndon but at laft perceiving all their hopes were vain, they 
 leir dcfi('n on direiSed their courfc towards Prata, in the 20th de- 
 Ic.'icaimko grcc of north lat. with the idea of (ilhing up fome of 
 rl'- the treafure faid to be loft in the China (hips that had 
 
 been caft iiway there. But they could not make this 
 ifland, the wind driving them to that called St. John's on 
 Vol. I. N- 7. 
 
 nin, was chiifsn 
 
 iMlHC, ilUMttl* 
 
 * Dampier obfcrict that ainr/n^ the priKluitions ef the cluHcr 
 of iflandi upon this coalt, there is a tree thici- or four fret in 
 girt, froin which tbcoatifcs draw 1 juice Uiat whca boiled U- 
 
 thccoaftof China, where, however, tlicy were Ibp- 1687 
 
 plied with hogs and buffaloes. * >, ' 
 
 Some of the (hip's company went over to the con- 
 tinent, but found nothing there that anfvv-ered their ex- 
 peaations: And on the 3d of July thiy left St. 
 John's, weighing anchor with a gentle gale ; but the 
 next day began a moft violent fform, the wind blow- 
 ing from the north-eaft. This tempeft continued to 
 increafe till midnight. At that difinal feafon, the 
 clouds poured down all their torrents, the thunders A ilrti.'ti.l 
 roared, the lightenings flafhed inccll'ant, and the feattnifni. 
 itfelf refemblcd a ftieet of liquid fire, except when at 
 intervals the moft horrid darknefs rcftcd upon the 
 ocean. In the mean time the rifing furees at one mo- 
 ment were ready to lift the (hip to the clouds, and the 
 next threatened to plunge her for ever in the gulphi 
 Ix math. The fcas continued breaking fliort upon the 
 vedcl, which laboured dreadfully in this conflidl of 
 the lighting elements. The rails of the head were 
 carricil away by a breach the waves made: over them, 
 and by the fame furje the fhert anchor, though llrongly 
 lafhed was dillociged, and ftrlk'ng ag jmIV tne bows of 
 the vefTel, was expected to pierrc throuLilk her planks. 
 To prevent this, they were oblii^ed to Rucr befoie the 
 wind i and having once taken this courfe they lould 
 by no means alter it while the ftorm continued, but 
 were obliged to be driven juft whither the winds and 
 feas impelled them. The violence of the tempelt 
 continued till four in the morning, when it abated, 
 and the failois faw that well-known met.'or called a 
 Corpus Sant, (hining like a flar at the mall-head, 
 in which cafe it is reckoned a favourable token ; but if 
 it apjrears on the deck, is deemed a very bad fij' n ; 
 for whieS conclufions there may be philofophical rea- 
 fons a(rigi."d ! but iea-faring men never i;ivc tlum- 
 felves the trciblc to inquire into them. 
 
 The gale tiiough ftill ftrong, fubfided by degrees 
 into a perfeft calm. So that, after fcudding before the 
 wind till feven in the morning, they then lay to under 
 their mizzen till eleven. Then the gale died away ; 
 but ftill the heavens wore a lowring afpeift, fuch as 
 prefaged another ftorm, which accordingly came on 
 from the fouth-weft, attended with violent (howers 
 and the (hip was once more obliged to be driven be- 
 fore the wind, till ten at night, when all was calm and 
 tranquil again. Having referred to their charts, they 
 were now of opinion that the beft courfe they could 
 take would be to fteer for the iflands called Pifcadores, 
 fituatc in 23° north lat. and by the aotli of July they J 
 
 came in fight of them. As they knew nothing more 
 of thefe iflands than their name, they were furprifed 
 to find a fpacious harbour, and to fee a number of 
 junks palling and repalling. As foon as they had 
 anchored, and attempted to land, a Tartarian officer 
 afked who they were, and to what port they were 
 bound. Being anfwered, that they were from Eng- 
 land, and in diftrds!, they were given to underftand 
 that they (hould be furnimed with what they wanted, 
 but that they muft not come on fhore. Accordingly 
 they wrere fupplied with the beft of prnvifions, and 
 ftayed till the 29th, when they departed, after the 
 captain had prefented the governor with a filvcr-hilted 
 rapier, a carbine, and a gold chain, in return for his 
 civility. 
 
 The Englifh then dirciaed their courfc to a duller 
 of iflands which lie between Formofa and Luconia, 
 the place on which their hearts were fct, and arrived 
 in fight of them on the 2d of Auguft. They found ^•'"'" '"= 
 them well inhabited, and ftored with goats and fwine, 
 but by no means abounding in i>oultry. Thefe ifles 
 not having received any names before, Rc.id gave them 
 the ccneral name of Bafhee iflands. 
 
 The accounts of this voyage inform us that the 
 
 fituation of their towns were very remarkable •* They 
 
 \vere built on precipices on every fide inacccffible but 
 
 by ladders placed at the end of the ftreets, which 
 
 T ran 
 
 comet cxa£lly the fame as our tar, fofTcinng all iia quali- 
 ties, i' 
 
 *• 
 
 A 
 
66 
 
 THE VOYAGE OP 
 
 * Capiain Dampier fays the fiiiiihs l>e1Iows arc conHrufled in 
 the foliowinf^ manner : Tlie inlirumcnt is compofed of two 
 hollow cvlindcr'., like lar^e wootfcn water-pipes : they are cut 
 flat at both cmli, about four feet lon^, placed upright at the 
 tlillancc of al>uut four feet from each otlKr, oa a Hone hearth, 
 before the fire. A pipe is placed within two inches of the bot- 
 tom of each, which projcft like a cock towards the fire, l>cndinp 
 to fucli a inanucr that the pipes from both cylinders meet aut) ' 
 
 1687 Ian in parnllcl lines, whereon the houfes lofe in ranges 
 ^^V^' one .lbove another, till they ended at hft in a fingle 
 row. The inhabitants were acquainted with the ufe 
 of iron, and liad a fort of yellow metal, like gold, 
 among them, which they exchanged fur it j but un- 
 fortunately Dampier could get none of it, bccaufv he 
 had nothing to give in return. They were very in- 
 genious, had Urge filhing boats, and lived in a dif- 
 ferent manner frum any whom thcCe Buccaneers had 
 ever (ccn. In regard to their fooil, they were lb far 
 from being nice, that they would gather up the goats 
 fkins and goats paunches, which the I'ailors threw 
 away and alter finging would broil and eat the for- 
 mer, and having ftewcd the other without much 
 trouble in cleanfing, would mix it with raw fifli, 
 and llrewing it with (alt, make a ftrange fort of fal- 
 magundy. But the paunches of the fwine they did 
 not ehul'e to eat. They feemed to be very cleanly in 
 their perlbns, and were good-natured, and Co honefl 
 that they would take nothing but what was given to 
 them ; neither were they ever made angry with Gran- 
 gers, though cauf'.' Iiifficicnt was frequently given j 
 nor did they quarrel with each other. They had this 
 praife, that no provocation could make them angry, 
 nor any tem|)tation induce them lu tranfgrefs the 
 rule:; of honclty. 
 
 Thefe Indians conftantty fupplicd the (hips with 
 hogs, Boats, potatoes, and the fruits of the country ; 
 where Read having remained till the vellel was ac- 
 commodated with provifions and their calks filled with 
 water, after a ftay of a month, and ten days, prepared 
 to fail on the 24th of September, when, juft as they 
 were ready to fet fail, a tempcll forced them to cut 
 their cables, and though fix of their beft hands were 
 left behind, to put to fea in the utmoft confufinn. 
 
 Thus driven by the winds, they ran under their 
 bare poles, nor were they able to return to their fta- 
 tion till the iirft of Oiitober, when their men were 
 brou;^ht on board by the natives, who had been re- 
 markably kind to them in the abfence of their compa- 
 nions, endeavouring, however, to perfuadc them to ad- 
 opt the Indian cufioms, and ofFering each the choice 
 of a wife, with a little piece of land, and planters im- 
 plements by way of a dowry. For their care and hu- 
 manity thty were rewarded with three bars of iron, 
 which was the only fort of metal that they coveted. 
 The crew by this time b?gan to be heartily tired of 
 their voyage, and defirous to return j but llcad .uid 
 4 Teat ftill wifhed for opportunities to try their fortune. 
 
 Howxver, finding the men determined to ft.iy no 
 longer on thofe coafts, they perfiuided them (for there 
 was no fuch thing as commanding) to have patience 
 till they fhould arrive at Cape Comorin, after which 
 -s every man fliould be at liberty to take his own courfc 
 
 if he difapprovcd that of the commander. This point 
 being fettled, they propoftd to coaft along the cait fide 
 ' of the Philippines, and to keep fouth to the fpice 
 
 iflands, for fear of meeting Englifll or Dutch (hips, 
 and fo pafs into the Indian Ocean near Timor. With 
 this defign they proceeded on their voyage, on the 3d 
 of October, leaving the illand of Luconia on the weft 
 and quitting all thole golden projects with which once 
 they had flattered tliemftlvcs. And thus they ftood 
 Tliev return on to the fouthward till they came in fight of the 
 to Minilan.io. Ifland of ,St. John, on the coaft of Mindanao, and, 
 on the 1 6th came to an anchor on the fouth-caft fide 
 of that illand. — Having thus conducted our adventur- 
 ers once again to the fame country, where they left 
 their captain, we will here give a (hort (ketch of the 
 illand, and the manners of its inhabitants before we 
 proceed with our narrative. 
 
 The Illand of Mindanao lies in y of north lat. yet 
 by means of the gentle fea breezes in the day and the 
 
 cooling land winds at night, the aii' \% generally tent' 
 
 perate, and the country fruitful and covered with a 
 
 perpetual verdure. The hills abound with gold, ami Dcfcrlpiion of 
 
 the plains arc watered by rivers and fprings. The tlic illand. 
 
 lawns are interfperfed with groves and trees, fome of 
 
 which yield n cooling (hade, whilft others are more 
 
 ufcful, producing food for the natives of that happy 
 
 climate. 
 
 Their houfes, as we have already obferved« arc all 
 built upon polls, ami even the fultan's palace has but 
 one floor though it has a number of apartments, ftands 
 upon itto polls, and is 20 feet above the level of thu 
 ground. I'ho roofs of all their dwellings confift of 
 palmetto leaves. As to the area beiKath their houfrs 
 they confidcr it as a fort of common (ewer, into which 
 all manner of filth is thrown, and remains there till the 
 violence of the currents, which arc fometimes foftrong 
 as to overturn the houfes, carries itaway. Theiflandcii 
 bathe conftantly evciy day, and are very clean in their 
 
 jKrfons, ufing generally the ablutions of the Maho' 
 metan?, and holding fwine in abomination. BrcaJ 
 fruit, rice, fago, plantains, cocoa nuts, and other 
 fruits of the country form the chief part of their diet. 
 Beef and fowls are more rarely ufed, and confidereJ 
 rather as dainty dilhes than common or fubftanti;il 
 food. The people in general are lowof ftatuic, with 
 fmall heads, and of a copper complexion. 'Che wo- 
 men are fairer than the men, but their nofes arc fmall 
 and flat, which renders them on a near approach, 
 rather difagrccable. They were found to be exuemely 
 amorous, and fond of while men, who could fcartely 
 walk the llreets without being invited and almolt 
 forced into their dwellings. Their hair is black and 
 long, and they .ire better drcflid than the men. The 
 habit generally worn confifts of a looliS jacket and a 
 petticoat. The jacket flceves are wide at the (houldcrs, 
 but cut in the flopc to the waift, where they are ex- 
 tremely ftraiyht and tight. Silks and fine calicoes 
 arc ufed for cloathing by the higher fort of people, 
 but for the lower ranks an ordinary fort of cloth 
 called Saggen, wliich is woven from the plantain tree. 
 They had (hip-builders, carpenters, fmiths, and 
 goldfmiths, ainon^ them, who work by no means 
 contemptibly conlidering the fimpic nature of the 
 tools which they employ.* There is only one mofquc 
 in Mindanao, which is not much refortcd to. In 
 the room of a clock they notify the hour by means 
 of a vaft drum kept in the mofque for that purjxjfe, 
 which is bcll-(haped and pl.iced over a large cavity, 
 and the hciid of it is covered with brafs. This in- 
 ftrument is called a Gong, and is attendeil by a number 
 of pcrfons who relieve each other watching by night 
 and day. Thefe people have a ftick, which h.is a 
 ball at the end of it ; with this at certain intervals 
 they ftrike thegong, and the found that proceeds from 
 it is loud enough to be heard through all the town. 
 The natives make uli; of circumcifion, which is not 
 performed among the common people till about the 
 age of twelve, but the princes of the blood undergo 
 this operation (which is attended with much cere- 
 mony) at thu end of eight dnyt. 
 
 With regard to the trees and fruits of Mindanan, 
 the following is a fummary of the account given of 
 them in this voyage. On the hilly ground the natives 
 cultivate potiitocs, yams, mtlons, and many other 
 vegetables, and rice grows in the marihy grounds. 
 They make a fort of bread out of the pith of fome t)f 
 their trees as well as extradf a pic ifant drink from the 
 fap of others. Here are found cloves and nutmegs ; 
 alfo oranges, plantains, banan.is, betel nuts, duriaiis, 
 and cocoas, befides the bread-fruit of which we have 
 mailc mention. 
 
 As to the plantain, Dampier prefers it to all the 
 
 left 
 
 end in one before they reach it. Bcine Axed linn, a man ktcps 
 up a perpetual bltll with two light brufiics, inaiie nf feathers 
 which they work alternately like two pilhins, nor have they any 
 other vice or anvil thw > large llnnt: or the Imi-cnd of an old 
 cannon. The car|icnters have neither planes nor fawi, vet by 
 pcrfcverancc they continue tofplitand Imoutli tlicir boards I'crf 
 neailv, and the wotk piurc. uiure durable, the j>i am of the waa4 
 icmaiiiing unbiokca. 
 
Captain dampieR. 
 
 67 
 
 eratty tent' 
 
 ■red with a 
 
 h gold, ami Ocfcripiiim «( 
 
 ngs. 'rile''"'"""'' 
 
 cs, Tome of 
 
 s are moro 
 
 that happy 
 
 ve<]< arc all 
 ilaci- has but 
 Lciits, flands 
 
 level of till! 
 
 p confifl of 
 their houfrs 
 , into which 
 there till the 
 nes foftrong 
 ['he illandcii 
 lean in their 
 
 the Maho- 
 ion. Bread 
 , and other 
 ^f their diet. 
 1 conlideicJ 
 ' fubft<inti:d 
 Haturc, wiili 
 . The wo- 
 jfcs arc fnvill 
 u approach, 
 bcexianKly 
 Dulil fcarccly 
 
 and almolc 
 is black and 
 c men. The 
 jacket and a 
 he {houldcrs, 
 they are cx- 
 fine c.ilicocs 
 t of people, 
 brt of cloth 
 plantain tree. 
 
 finiths, and 
 ly no means 
 atiire of the 
 
 one mofque 
 [rtcd to. In 
 [ir by means 
 
 hat pur]>ofe, 
 large cavity. 
 This in- 
 
 bya number 
 
 ng by night 
 
 ihich has a 
 
 in intervals 
 
 rocceds from 
 1 the town. 
 
 ihich is not 
 
 |ill about thu 
 undergo 
 
 much ccrc- 
 
 Mindanan, 
 lint given of 
 1 the natives 
 [many other 
 ly grounds. 
 i\ of fonie of 
 Ink from the 
 Id nutmegs ; 
 lits, duriaiis, 
 I'th we have 
 
 to all the 
 iclt 
 
 I. a man kteps 
 lie of fL-athcrt 
 !iavc tl.cy any 
 knil ut an old 
 J (aws, vtt bv 
 lit boarils very 
 In ot [lie ;vi>a4 
 
 rtft, tailing It the king of fruits. " The tree that 
 bean it it between three and four feet in circumfe- 
 rence, and rifct about ten or twelve feet high. When 
 •t its height, there fprings from the top a Item about 
 the fixe of a man's arm, round which the fruit grows 
 in clufters in fhapc, not unlike the Turky cucumber, 
 the coat of which is of a yellow colour when ri|)e. 
 The inclofed fruit is of a delicate flavour and melts 
 in the mouth like marmalade, [when over-ripe it has 
 a tafte fomewhat like that of a mellow |)ear]. Ft is 
 highly eftcemcd by all Europeans, and all their fettle- 
 ments are furniflied with plantain walks, fome fami- 
 lies fubfilling wholly upon that fruit. The bonanoe 
 for banana] differs but little from the phintain except 
 in fric, being fmaller and lefslufcious. 
 
 •' The nutmeg and clovc-trccsarc rare in this ifland, 
 but thofc that grow are large and fine. The natives 
 difcouragc their growth, for fear of exciting the jca- 
 loufy of the Dutch who have monopolifed the whole 
 trade for fpiccs, and who keep a company of armed 
 foldiers in p.iy to cut down the fpicc trees in the un- 
 inhabited illands, left the European nations IhouM 
 avail themfelves of their plenty. In fame of the call- 
 cm illands, it is ufual to fee, at the Ihedding time, 
 cloyes lying three or four inches thick under the trees. 
 
 " Of the betel nut all the caftern people are im- 
 moderately fond. It is the fruit of a tree that grows 
 like a cabb.igc-tree, to the height of ten or twelve 
 feet, without cither leaf or branch, and llun fends 
 forth Ihoots on every fide, among which the fruit is 
 found in cluders, on tough ftalks, about the hignefs 
 of a man's finger. It is larger than a nutmeg and 
 rounder j they cut it in quarters, (when green) wrap- 
 ping each quarter up in an Arkca-leaf, and chewin;? 
 loth together. It taites rough, dyes the lips red, and 
 makes the teeth black. 
 
 As to the durian it grows on trees like npplc-trccs, 
 and are in fizc as large as pompions, covered with a 
 rind, which, when ripe, opens and fends forth a 
 flrong fccnt, not unlike that of roafted onions : It 
 divides into chives, each about the fize of a pullet's 
 egg, the infidc of which is of the confidence of 
 cream, and if not eaten in its prime, there is no 
 enduring its rankncfs. The jacca differs very little 
 from the durians ; except the mfide of the former is 
 yellow, and that of the latter is white." 
 
 To return to the thread of Dampier's narrative, he 
 fays, Th.1t while they lay in the bay they had intel- 
 ligence by means of the young prince whom we have 
 already mentioned as coming from a neighbouring 
 ifland, that Captain Swan* and his people remained 
 ftill at Mindanao, and had acquired great honour in 
 the wars of Raja Laut, thougli thofc who had defert- 
 ed him always pretended to doubt the courage of their 
 commander. It fecms he had offered 40 ounces of 
 
 gold for a (hip to convey him from the ifland, but the 
 [aja (a circumftance not uncommon anions the 
 the caftern princes) would not fuffer his departure. 
 
 The prince of Meangis having prohiifed to give 
 Readahandfome reward for conveying him to his own 
 ifland, the Engl ifliman promifed to wait three days, 
 during which time Dampier, who approved not the 
 behaviour of his companions to their old captain, 
 took occafion to try how far there was any likelihood 
 of reftoring him to his command. His firft trial with 
 a party that was on fhore filling water, gave him hopes 
 of fucccf^, as they feemed well enough affeitcd to his 
 project, and were intrcated to take no notice of the 
 matter ; however it happened unluckily that one of 
 them though he apnea- cd very zealous for the caufe 
 betrayed the matter, and the confequence was that 
 Read immediately took mcafures for his departure, and 
 
 » He ami his men (wc arc tolil) lljvc.l « Ions 'in'c « Min- 
 danao i Harili >p.inil Smith, In, iiicrch'anis ilicil in tliel'c remote 
 partii MelT. Nelly ami Rofv, Lis mjtev, got tlieir palFaije to 
 Batavia in a Dutch (hip, anil Iroin thence at lad came fafc to 
 £uropc. 
 
 As to the commander he was run down ami drowned, •« he 
 wai trying to get on board a Dutch vi (III. This was done by 
 the nativci, by order of his old friend Kaji I.iut, and was i.r«- 
 
 weighing anchor, on the 2d of November fet fail, and iGH^ 
 ftood to the weflward, without •aitiiii- for the prince, ««*V*ii» 
 who was to have come on board that day. 
 
 On the qlh the wind changing they came to Ubesj 
 in 3" of north lat. and anchored in a landy bay. 
 Here they found a fort of creeping vine, the leaves of 
 which being pounded and boiled with hog's lard 
 proved a cure for ulcers. The people being informed 
 of its ufc, filled their cherts with it, and found they 
 were not deceived in their ideas of its virtues. They 
 fet fail on the 30th to the fouthward, and in the after- 
 noon met with a violent tornado, and faw a water 
 fpout. Afterwards they continued proceeding flowly 
 till, on the 4th of December they came up with thu 
 north-weft end of the ifland of Boutun, where they 
 found an Indian that brought thr.n to a harbour where 
 they faw the fultan, who ga\c them liberty to purchafe 
 fome turtle, which proved very fer. -cable to them. t 
 Having taken leave of him they fet about weighing up 
 their anchor, but as it had ituck in a rock, they 
 were obliged to bo contented witn the cable only, and 
 ftecred to the fouth-weft. f.iiliiig hv fome idands where 
 the natives beat drums in the night uiiring their paf- 
 fagc. In their courfc towards I'imor they paded by 
 Omba, and itccred to the fouthward, with a defign 
 to touch at New Holland. They fell in with tliis Tlieyarrivcon 
 coaft on the 4th of January, in 15" 6' fouth lat. and ''."■' '"'" "• 
 Mm"? to a point, from whence the land tended eaft "^''^^ ilulUnd. 
 and fouthcrly for 10 leagues. They fell in upon the 
 weft fide, of which part of the country (uncertain 
 whether an ifland or continent) Uampicr gives tlic 
 following defcription. 
 
 " The land is of a dry fandy foil, deftitutc of water, 
 except you make wells. There are divers forts of 
 trees ; but the woods arc not thick, nor trees lari^e. 
 Moft of them were dragon trees of the fize of apple- 
 trees. — We compared the gum with the gum dragon 
 [Trag.icanth] we had aboard, and found it the fame. 
 Wcfaw no trees that bore fruit. We faw no animal 
 nor any track of animal but one, and that was of the 
 fize of^ a maftift'-dog. Few land birds, and none big- 
 ger than a black-bird i few fea fowls; few fifti, (tur- 
 tle and manatee excepted.) The inhabitants are the 
 moft mifcrable people in the world ; without houfes, 
 without clo.ithing ; without conveniences of any 
 kind s and fetting afide their human fliapc, very little 
 different from brutes. They are tall, ftrait-bodied, 
 thin, have fmall limbs, great heads, round foreheads, 
 and large brows ; their eye-lids are al way half-clofed ; 
 thev have great bottle-nofcs, full lips, wide mouthsy 
 and two fore teeth in the upper jaw wanting in all of 
 them J but whether they draw them out or not, I 
 know not. They are long vifaged, without beards, 
 of an unpleafing afixrft, with no one graceful feature 
 in their faces ; their hair black, (hort and curled like 
 the ncgros, and their colour coal-black. They live I 
 
 in companies, 20 or 30 men women and children to- •'' 
 
 gcther } their food is h(h, and their manner of catch- 
 ing them is in weirs, acrofs little inlets of the fea, in 
 which every tide leaves fome ; they have no inftru- 
 ments to take great fifti. In other places they fifti for 
 cockles, mufcles, periwinkles, but of thefc there arc 
 but few J of what they catch all partake alike ; all 
 watch the tides, for all depend upon the fea for their 
 fupport i the earth producing neither herb, root, pulfc, 
 or any fort of grains. Thefe poor creatures have a 
 fort of weapons confifting of a piece of wood, (haped 
 fomewhat like acutlafs, and a long ftraight pole with 
 a ftiarp end hardened in the fire } with thefe they made 
 a Oicw of frightening us j but on firing one gun they 
 all ran away frightened t." 
 
 Dampier tells us that, wretched as the .ippeanince 
 
 of 
 
 r«.i 
 
 lably owing to the avarice of the Indian, as well as to his de- 
 fire of keeping an experienced Euro|ican in liis country. 
 
 ■;--4, 
 
 t The fultan alfb prefented Read with a boy who had'a double 
 ngc ot teeth, one fet within the other in each jaw. 
 } 1'"=/"^". ^'''l', fi"'' ''"» Mcount to Iw different in many 
 given by Captain Cooke, who touched here 
 It is however to be obfervtd that h* rifited 
 
 rcfpefls from that 
 
 in tbu Endeavour. 
 
 the cjllcra fide of the ifland, 
 
63 
 
 THE VOYAGE OP 
 
 r •:;rf 
 
 
 ',5 
 
 1688 o( thcfe natives w«rr, tlie crew made acquaintance 
 1,1.1 / with them, anil gave thrm meat. 'I'hit they devoured 
 riMiJily cnuugh, Dut paid no rcgnrd tu the Ihip, nor 
 any tiling thnt they law ahout them, appearing to he 
 quite devoid of thai fort of ciiriolity which might na- 
 turally he expettcd upon fuih an occafion.* 
 
 Finding that nothing wan likely to b« had here, they 
 ciuiitrtl the roaft on the nth of March, intending at 
 tirrt for the Ifleof Coc(«s in the 12th degree of fouth 
 latitude ; but the wind proving unfavourable to their 
 dcfign, they ftood for the ides on the welt of Sumatra, 
 tin the iHin they c.une to an idand where they killed 
 fevcriilof thebirdi called Boobiea, and men of war's 
 birds, and nifo found a large animal in Ihape like a 
 crnb, without clawn, which burrowed in the ground 
 after the manner of rabbits, and proved to be excellent 
 meat. Leaving this illand, tliey held on their courfe, 
 anil came in light of Sumatra on the 7th of April, and 
 tm the 17th niiule an illand named Trifte, where they 
 fupplicd thcmfi Ives with turtle. As they were cruil- 
 in^ among thefe iflands, they chaceti and took a praw 
 of Achin, laden with cocoa-nutt, and cocoa-nut 
 oil, with four men on board, whom thev detained 
 prifcncrs,and, boriny, a hole, in the bottom of the praw, 
 funk her, after tlicy had taken out of her what thev 
 thought lit. The men thus taken flicwed them all 
 the channels and openings which led to Achin, where 
 the Englilh had a fai^lory. 
 
 About 40 leagues to the N. N. W. of Sumatra 
 they fell in with one of the Nicobar iflands, the inha- 
 bitants of which were an independent people, trading 
 with any nation that came among them. Ambergris 
 and fruits were the lommodities in which they traded, 
 but the ambergris they were very apt to adulterate 
 The illand of Nicobar lies in 7" 30^ of north lati- 
 tude. 
 
 It was here that Dampicr at lafl found means to 
 bring his fchemc to bear, of leaving thefe pirates, to 
 whole condu(5l he had I'o great a diflike. Indeed their 
 behaviour was in every refpe£t fuch as none but the 
 worll of men could approve. Their defertion of their 
 commander which they juftilied on principles of re- 
 taliation was cruel, and contrary even to thofe rules 
 which Buccaneers for the fake of order ihould ob- 
 ferve. It is true that Captain Swan did not aft pru- 
 dently in fullering them to remain together at liberty 
 to urge each other to mifchief. But it is moft pro- 
 bable that being highly cnibarraflcd by thelofsof his 
 bark, into which he might have put fome of the moft 
 mutinous of his crew, and then dropped their com- 
 pany, and finding himfelf deceived in Raja Laut, he 
 fcarcely knew which way to proceed. He had thus 
 loft his hopes of trading with the 5000I. which he had 
 in his hands, the money refulting from the fale of 
 commodities which he had been led to put up at auc- 
 tion, when this motley crew forced themfelves upon 
 him for the purpofe of buccaneering, and thus difap- 
 pointed in his aims, he was unfettled in his relblutions, 
 and began at laft to be unwilling to truft himfelf with 
 thole who gave tokens of the depth of former refent- 
 ments. When all thefe things are confidercd, it may 
 he faid that his death was, in effeift, occafioned by the 
 diforderly conduct of his crew. But, to return to 
 Dampier : having conlidcrcd his own fituation and 
 the difpofition of his companions, he concluded that 
 it would not be eal'y for him to make his efcape i he 
 refolved therefore to alk Read to fct him on (hore at this 
 illand as foon as he found that the (hip was about to 
 fhil, and Read confenting, with a view of getting rid 
 of one who was continually finding fault with his 
 conduifV, our adventurer quickly colleiSed all his 
 moveables, and perfuaded fome of the crew to row 
 him on fliorc in the (hip's canoe +. Accordingly he 
 was landed in a fandy bay, and had reafon to think 
 6 
 
 ♦ Darapicr emicaroureil to perfuaile the men to go to feme 
 Englilh fjft.irv, but was threatened to he fet on fliorc for hav- 
 ing fuggefted fiich a fchemc, as foon >i P « ul was infc . med of the 
 prupulal. 
 
 t B*fides Dampict's wifli to leave Rex) and his crew, he hid 
 
 he was now fairly delivered from his dif.igreeabl« af- 
 fociates. But in an hour's time Teat came with art 
 armed force to fetch him on board aijain. When h« 
 entered the (hip, he found all there in confullont 
 many others inlilHng on bcin[( fct on (hore likewilir, 
 among whom wasCoppinger the furgeon, who jumped 
 into trie boat with a gun in his hand, threatening to 
 fire it on thofe who fhould endeavour to prevent his 
 
 fturpofe, but they were fo fully determined not to 
 ofe fo ufeful a pcrfon, that one of tliem ventured his 
 life to ^ctthe'gun from him, and others following, 
 he was once more brought on boiinl. Read, however, 
 when matters were quiet, confcnted to let Dampier 
 be carried on (hore, together with one Mr. Hall, anil 
 Ambrufe a failor. The four prifoncrs taken from the 
 praw, and the Portuguefe from the Chincfc junk be- 
 ing alio left at Nicobar before the (hip departed, they Dimrierls 
 all joined company i and thefe eight pcrfons dc- »' Nuubar, 
 termined to row to Sumatra, at the diliancc of forty 
 leagues, for which purpofe they bought a canor of 
 the natives for an axe, (with which the man who 
 rowed the Knglifhmenon (nore had prcfented them on 
 parting] and having on board a fufficient quantity of 
 provilums, embarked for this purpofe on the lotfi of 
 Ma\', 1688. 
 
 But ahnoft ai foon as they had put to fea, their canoe 
 overl'et. However as they were near the (llore they 
 fwnm toit in fnfcty. The chtfts .ind fire-arms were 
 recovered, and the powder being fealed up «a» pre- 
 fcrved from the wet, but the books and papers of the 
 Englifh were much damaged by the fca-water. While 
 they were employed in drying thefe, the Achinefe 
 were not idle : they provided a ftout mart and a fail 
 for their boat, and to prevent her from being again 
 overfet, they furni(hcd her with out-leaguers, a fort 
 of beams or poles which arc placed acrols the body of 
 the canoe, which proje£l a yard or two over the fides, 
 and are united at the extremities by tr.inf\ crfe boards, 
 joined to the end, which while they rcnu in firm will 
 never fufTer the boat to fink or overfet. 
 
 Their little velTel, not much bigger than a wherrjr, 
 being thus fitted up, they next thought of recruiting 
 their provifions, for which purpofe they were obliged 
 to have recourfe to a dift'erent part of the ifland, where 
 fomedifputes at firftarofe between the Englifh and the 
 Indians, which Dampier by his prudent management 
 found means to accommodate, and having brought 
 the natives into good humour again, the provifions 
 were accordingly obtained. 
 
 Dampier has obferved that there is not a people on 
 the face of the earth that he (hould be afraid to ap- 
 proach unarmed and alone, provided no previous in- 
 jury had been done them by any of his company un- 
 provoked. For, he fays, that an European has it 
 always in his power to infinuate himfelf into the favour 
 of the moft fiivage people by fome flight, by (hewing 
 them Ibme toy, by fmilcs and fubmimon, or even by 
 (hewing them the method of lighting a match with a 
 flint and fteel. As they are apt to lie in ambu(h and 
 kill by furprife, he fays, the only danger is from 
 their hrft onfet, and if tint can be avoided, thefierceft 
 of them may be brought to be as gentle as a lamb. 
 This obfervation is generally true ; nut it is a rule to 
 which we conceive there are fome exceptions, as, if the 
 accounts of voyagers may be credited, there are fome 
 barbarians of fuch a ferocious difpofition as neither 
 force nor kindncfs can tame. And befides, in the 
 ideas of fome, the very attempt of any man or fet of 
 men to land upon their coaft may be <x>nfidered as an 
 indication of an intended injury, which they imagine 
 they ought to refcnt. 
 
 Be that as it may, Dampier fucceeded fo well in 
 his endeavour at Nicobar, that nothing farther oe- 
 curring to prevent tlie adventurers from purfuing 
 
 their 
 
 Icfi 
 
 alfo at lirll an idea of cflablilhinf* a trade for ambergris with the 
 natives of Nicobar, and thus gaining > confiderablc fortune ; 
 as, bv rowing with the natives, mixinf; amone them and con- 
 foniiiogtotlicir manners, he ihoueht he fliould hn<l tlic fcctetof 
 their getting and jiceparing this valuable commodity. 
 
LAPTAIN .DAMPIER. 
 
 H 
 
 their piojccV H>>e Engl'1'. PortiigjitlV, ami tlic Atli 
 niftc 
 
 ill. ir cjnoi' lo tlic 
 
 k <lrM>irul 
 ■nipcll. 
 
 nek, coiiimiffej thrnilVKc» 
 mrrcy of ihr watrv tloimiit. 
 
 TIk- winil ill tliiirfiift r.'UiiU'; out, was favourablu, 
 the wcaltier hd, iiiicl iht-y proci ainl, royvinu; iimi (ail- 
 ing oci;(lionally, Uampicf .iiul Mr. Mill takiiilt turns 
 at the hi \m. Yet after two day . l.ilour, the) touiiil 
 that thry liad j'ot no mure th.iii f')ur leagues troni 
 NitolLir. On this they ch.iiij;.il ili-ir ouffe, but 
 a coiitr.iry eurnnt opiiDliii;; them, they touil 1 that 
 they had made bm little way on the third day. 
 
 Haviiip thus milled of improvinp the fair wiathcr, 
 fluy were threatened on the i8th with an approach- 
 ing ftorrn. The wind hej^an to rife, tbe Iky whs 
 chniJed our, and a circle round tin; fun (;avc tokoii 
 of thiir dan!;tr. In this litiiation, haviii;; lon- 
 fultcd wli;'.t ' was belt to lie <lonc, thiy drU:i- 
 min'.d lo full the Ciils to (Ittlu the y..rd ab.iut three 
 fut alio; e the boats liile, and Hand liulori- tho t\iiid 
 to v.'hatl'oevcr l.'nd iiii;:ht be ri[;ht a- head of them. 
 'I'lielc preparations bcinii; made, they waited v. i.h 
 very imcafy apprehenholis '''.e expected teirpelt. 
 
 About noon the pile came on, and continued iii- 
 crcaling for many Tiour''. In the mean time the 
 fca ran mountain high, and perpetually threatened 
 by brealcinj; over the canoe, to fend her to the bot- 
 torn of the deep. Hut her out-Icayucrs, which we 
 haw already defcribcd, effectually prevented her over- 
 fettinjr, and the thinnel'sof her body, with a hi^^h Item 
 and narrow pioiv, cutting the waves, inliircd her fe- 
 ciuily. Even the feas that broke over lur were fo 
 divided, that inltead of coming down with a thunder- 
 ing weight fufticient to fever her frame, the water 
 fclT only in fhowcrs which could not fink a vcflll fo 
 iccuritl, and which was baled out by the Achinefe, 
 who laboured cbearfully while D.impier and his friend 
 Hall were attentive to every circumilancc that could 
 Icfftii the appiircnt danp;er. Notwithltanding what 
 wc have obfcrved of thofe fortunate circiiinftances that 
 contributed to the f.ifety of this little veflel, yet when 
 the fituation of thcfc adventurers is confidercd, the 
 re.idcr will eahly perceive that they had the greateft 
 orcafion to be under the mod terrible apprehenfions, 
 and the more fo, as had their out-leagucrs failed them 
 in Inch a fea, the canoe could not have lived a mo- 
 ment. Tlic evening of this day was dreadful, and 
 no lefs dreadful was the operation which this fcenehad 
 upon the minds of thofe who were embarked on this 
 tcnificfliious ocean. In times of danger a multitude, 
 of ideas ruHi into the licid, a thoufanu feelings affei5f 
 the heart of man, which inprol'pcrity are totally un- 
 known, in times of tran(|uility are not attended to, 
 Dampicr who had paiTcd through many perils, found 
 himfelf here quite at a lofs to maintain his forti- 
 tude, as the following defcriptlon of the (lorm and 
 oflus own feelin^D will fulficicntly evince, 
 
 i" The (ky.(lay8 he) looked very black, being 
 covered with dafkf clouds; the wind blew hard, and 
 tlie fea was already roaring in a white foam about us :: 
 a dark night coming on, and no land to fhelter us, 
 «nd our little nrjc in deoger to be fwallowed up by 
 every wave ; and what was worft of all, none of us 
 thought ourfelvQS prepared for another world. I had 
 been in many imminent daiigcrs before now, but the 
 wprft of them all was but a play-game i:t .cDoiparUbn 
 with liiis. I mult confdk that I wa.s in preat con- 
 iliift nfinihd at this time. Other dangers came not 
 upon mc with fuch a leifure and dreadtul folemnity. 
 A fudden fkirmifti or eng.tgeinent was nothing when 
 the blood was warm, and ruflied forward with eager 
 ej(p?(ftations ; but here I had a lingering view of 
 .npproaching death, and little or no hope,; of cfoaping 
 it: And I mud confc-ft, that my courage that hnd 
 hitherto kept me up, failed me here, and I m:idc very fad 
 rcAe<5tloiis on my former life, and looked backward 
 witli horror ami detcftation upon a£lions which before 
 1 dillikcd, but now I trembled at the remembrance 
 of them, I had long before this .repented me of that 
 joving life, but never with fuch concern as now-. In' 
 
 Vol, I. N";. 
 
 this temper of mind, we fiibniilttd ouri'lvei. to Uo.I'h l61i9 
 
 (50(h1 pruvidcme, ukinj; all tlie i.iie wc muKI to |iit- ^— v— ^ 
 
 lervc our lives, Mr. Il.dl and t took luiiw to II. cr, 
 
 jiid the red ti ok luins lo U ive cuil the wa' r ; :iii 1 
 
 thus we pioudcd to liieiid ihe iiujll doh lul iii^'jil I 
 
 evci vtus III. About ten o'eloi.k it h;gaii l.i tliuiidLi, 
 
 lightiii, and i.nui but tlu rain \\*l w<Koiue to w , 
 
 haviiiy drank ii|> all the waur wc bion 'lit from the 
 
 illand. J'bc wind at lirll blew harder ilriii b^-'lore •, 
 
 b'jt, within h.iir .111 lioiii, it lucamr more inodn ilc, 
 
 ajjil the (la afl'iiaped [abated | of its fury. And then 
 
 by .1 lighted niatch,wliich we kept burning en purpofc 
 
 wc hulked (Ml our conipaf., to feu how we (Ic. rut, and 
 
 (mind wcviiieilbui liiilefionuuicouifcindlini'- 'i/ouv 
 
 vilKl luclyeiiou;.',liHilhlhc liaail fail that w.'.^ ..boaril, 
 
 we hc(;.iii io btar up to the irue point, to which our 
 
 vicrth «i.-rc direclcd. Hut uhoui tvcoiii Ihc miJin ng, 
 
 wc had aiio'licr yuii ul wind, with thuiuler, li:;hi.- 
 
 iiiiiu', and r.iMi, which obli(;cd u^ ,it,ain lo put before 
 
 the v/i.ul. Tlie liav.l rain lo.ikcd us thorougl.ly that 
 
 we had not one dry thread .ihoiit us, ;.iid the cold 
 
 rain chilled us cMrenicly, lor any liclli 'V.iti r is nuich 
 
 colder than the fca-waler, and much more unwhblfuinu 
 
 for man's body. 
 
 " In this wet, ftarvin;.; corditicn, v.c I'p.nt the tc» 
 dious night. Never did poor mariners on a Ue-lliorc 
 more carntftly long for the dawning lii'jil tli.iii we 
 did. At Icniyih the d;iy appeared, hul with Inch dark, 
 black clouds near ihe horizon, that the full tliinpli; 
 of il.iw II appealed ihcadl'iil. Wc continued our courlij 
 before th" wind till ci;;lii o'clock in t'le niurnin,^ of the 
 igth, and then one of our Aeliindi.in fi lends cried ou', 
 Puh /f-'ri): We thinking the (cllo.v had f;;id I'uii r:zi..ij; 
 were at a lofs to conceive his nalon j but prcfcntly, 
 obferving his motions, we J'ouiid he pointed to his 
 companion-:, to (hew them land. Wc, d;oppini; with 
 wcl, cold, and hungry, were overjoyed at ihi^ li^'Jit. 
 Itborefuuth, and the wind was Hill at well, artmng 
 gale I yet with our fniall fail, no bigf;cr th.,ii an 
 apron, we changed our courfe, and bore ii;i to it. 
 Here our out-lea^ucrs did usgoodfervicc ; iind, tliciixh 
 our boat's fide w.as prefl'ed down very much, wc could 
 brook it well enough ; and the next day we ran to the 
 mouth of a river in the ifland of iiumatra, called 
 PalTagc Jonca, where all fell ill of fevers, of which 
 fome died j and I that furvivcd was a whole year be- 
 fore I recovered my llrength," 
 
 Having reached the fliorc the Englifli were kindly 
 entertained by the natives, as the Achincfe had i^iven 
 thefe Indians to underltand that the(lran;;ers wen pri- 
 foners on board the piratical velTels as well as them- 
 lelves, and had been fet on fhorc altogether, the truth 
 of which latter part of the information fetinLd to ton- 
 firm that of the former. 
 
 In this place the natives ufcd many cmleavnur^ to n.nr.pici'? re« 
 pcrfuadc Dampier and his companion Mr. Hall, toc-,''"":! 
 ilay in order to improve them in the art of buiidin(!; ■^'''^"' 
 and navigating veflels; but it will readily be conceiveti 
 that people who had gone through fo much shroad 
 were not .villing to lilfen to fuch propofals. On the 
 other hniiu as there was an Englift fadlory at Achin, 
 they made ir their choice to be conveyed thithjr, and 
 •embarking on board a veflel provided accoixlinp,ly, they 
 arrived there in three days. At Acliin the two En '- 
 liflimeh were received with great kindiicfh, and en- 
 tertained by an Irilh gentleman ef the name ofttriical, 
 but Dampier's ill health fhll continuing, he had r- 
 courfc to a Malayan profeflbr of phyfic, who gave 
 him fuch a ftrong meilicine as prgcured6o evacuations 
 in one day; this feemed to. be adopting a fort of danr 
 4;erous if not defperate remedy; but our adventurer 
 who fecnis to have had the ground- work of a good 
 coitilitution to carry him through, bore it all, ant.', 
 afterwards gathered Arength daily. 
 
 The Achincle were reflored to their families, but ' 
 
 the Portuguefe died the Jay after their arrival, and 
 Ambrole the failor liveil but a little ;'iile after him. 
 
 Dampiu- when he found his health j^rowing better, r),in,p;„.j 
 unJcrt.iuk 10 fail to Nicobar with one Caption v.iyjj'tsin , 
 '■' ■ - o . v. 1 -■-» I Bowry, 1^. Indies. 
 
THE VOYAGE O F 
 
 i6qo Brtwry*. Accoroingly thty tmbaikrtl and let fail from 
 » 1 ^ 1-' the r(H4il of Achiii, In the beginning of the mnnth 
 uf June, but I llnrm oblij^ril them to return i and 
 Captain VVclder at thin tiiiic arrlvinv ni Kort St. 
 CiiDrge engaged Dampier to go with liiin on a voynp 
 to Tonquin, hii ilcfcriplitm uf which, an well ui ol 
 the rity of Malacca [or Malakka] we have hrru 
 nmittcd, as they will be liiiind more at Urj;<' in the 
 fiibfiqiK'nt part uf thit work, which treali ul voyagmi 
 to the Kail Indlci. 
 
 They left the river of Tonquin in the month of 
 February, Ihrnling ayv-iy to (he luiilh, the IIki.iIh of 
 Dram being on tho larboard, and thecnaltaof Cochm- 
 china, Camp:i and Cambodia on the KarUianl, the 
 l.itter of which li.impier ilelcnhts as a low, woody 
 country, limicwhat like Tonquin, liiualc on a large 
 liver, which riling in the north, palFci through ;i 
 l.irj^e tnii of land, and rrnptiei iti'cif into the fe.i 
 near the Ifle of Condore. Thence they llcered well- 
 ward, and palletl through the llrei^ht* of Mabcc.i, 
 niul after a (hort Hay there, made tor Achin, where 
 D.impicr had lirll landed, with whofc account uf the 
 country we (hall here prcfent our readers. 
 n.e. • .• . I " This kinedom, (lavs he) is the moll populous uf 
 
 DtlCriptlOn 01 ,1 , .^ I ■" 1 ' ,1 tn r L- I 
 
 Achin. *" 'he petty kin(;doms mi the Ille of Sumatr.i, and ex- 
 
 tends fifty or lixty miles from the north-well to the 
 call. Near the north-well end of Sumatra Hands the 
 Golden Mountain, within two leagues of the city of 
 Achin, which mountain may be fecn at the dillance ol 
 40 leagues at lica. 'I'he road of Achin is inclolc^d by a 
 range of id.inds, the eallernmoft of which is called 
 the Ifle of Way, a circumdance that accounts for the 
 Achlncfe in Dampicr's canoe having tailed out Pule 
 /f'liy, Hulo fignifying an illand in their language. 
 
 '* Plantains, bananas, durians, citrons, oranges, 
 and moH of the fruits known in the torrid zone, grow 
 in the ifland,as likcwiferice and pepper; canipliire alfo 
 and gold, .ire found in the kingdom of Achin. Their 
 land animals arc elephants, bullocks, deer, hogs, 
 goats, horfes, porcupines, monkeys, I'qiiirrels, liz- 
 ards, and ferpcnts, &c. Of tame fowls they have 
 only dunghill fowls and ducks ; but the woods af- 
 ford macaws, parrots, paroquitcs, pigeons, and tur- 
 tle doves of divers forts ) and the fea and rivers fur- 
 nifti them with plenty of fifti. 
 
 •* Tlie inhabitants of the kingdom of Achin are< 
 originally Malayans, fpeaking the f.mie language 
 
 f'with them] with very little dirfcrencc, being of the 
 amc Mahometan religion, and of the fame temper. 
 For the reft j — they are of a middle fizc and well 
 (haped : — Their complexion is dark like thcrcllof the 
 Indians ; their hair lank and black ) with black eyes, 
 tolerable good nofcs, thin lips, and black teeth. 'I hey 
 arc naturally lazy and idle, and the poorer fort aread- 
 di£led to theft, but good-natured to llrangers. They 
 build their houfes on pods : Their common food is 
 rice; but the better fort eat fowls, filh, and bullaloes 
 flerti, fcafoncd with garlic and J'^pper, and drelFcd 
 with pickles. 1'hc poor wear a pair uf breeches only, 
 and a turban ; the rich a cap fitted to their heads, and 
 a piece of filk thrown over their Ihoulders ; alfo a 
 pair of fandals, but no ftockings. 
 
 •' The city of Achin, the metropolis of the whole 
 kingdom, is feated on the banks of a river two miles 
 from the fea ; not far from the north weft end of the 
 Ifle of Sumatra." <' It contains (adds Dampier) 
 about 8000 houfes, much larger and better furnilhed 
 than thofc of Mindanao, and inhabited, bcfiUcs the na- 
 tives, by the Englilh, Dutch, thanes, Portugucfe,Chi- 
 ncfc, and thofc of Gu7,ar.-it. The chief trades of Achin 
 arc carpenters, goldfmiths, blackfmiths, and fiflier- 
 men ; the laft of whom are the richeft and moft in 
 number. 'I'heir gold mines arc near the golden 
 mountain 1 none but Mahometans arc permitted to 
 go thither; thefe carry fuch commodities, through 
 very difficult ways, as are wanted by the miners, in 
 
 * Captain Bovvry wa"! ihe perlon who ("cnr t!ie letter frtim Su- 
 mitra iu \Iini4anao, i^licrc lie iui>polc(l an En;;lilJi laftory lUen 
 
 lieu whereof iliey bring back (told,. The F.nj- 
 lifti air highly till emed here; luch of the lloT- 
 landers as are trie nieielunts nu) tiadr hither i but 
 the Chtnefe uiitdo all the reft 1 many nf thi in dwell 
 ronftantly in the city, the reft come with the Ihips ill 
 June, and lake up their (hops in the Chinele quarter, 
 where they fall thiir eommoditirt, for two or three 
 months. They do not much frequent the inofqiics, 
 yet arc very zealous in their religion. Tin y are very 
 ftridt and lliort in the adminillralton of jiiltice ) fur 
 a* f<Kin as a criniiiul ia hrou^ht before the nai^illrato 
 lie Is eltlici acquitted or puniftied upon th^' fpot. 
 I'heft is puMiOied with the cutting ott'a hand or a leu, 
 the Hump they bind up tight with a pieec of ha;her 
 or bladder, to Hop the bloiHl. .Such as defeivc death 
 are generally impalnl : but thofe of a noble extraction 
 have the privilege to fight for tlicir lives with their 
 iiIimI weapons, whirh, however. Hand iheni in little 
 Head i for the whole multitude fall upon them and 
 dilpalch them in an liiHant. 
 
 '* The kingdom Is governed by a queen who is 
 clei'led out of the royal tutnlly. She mull be a maid, 
 and is in a manner eoiilined to her own palace ; tin- 
 management uf all affairs belonging to twelve Oron- 
 key's, or great men of the kinnihmi." The cap- 
 tain ubiervi's, that there was mention made of a klnt( 
 III James the Firll's time, yet ho was fure that in 
 liter years Achin had been governed by queens, and 
 that tnerc was a-i election for a new female fovcreign 
 during his voyage to Tonquin, that nccafloncd a civil 
 war, which, however, was at laft fettled to the new 
 queen's advanta^. He fays the weather at Achin is 
 much the fame as in other countries to the north uf 
 the line i and fo are the dry and wet feafons, and the 
 floods, and the river running only a Ihort courfe fur 
 ever overflows its banks and the city. It feems they 
 frequently wafti in this river, both upon a rcligiou* 
 account and in rcfpedt to health. " For my part 
 (adds he) I can aflcrt, by my own experience, that 
 It cured nic of the flux, that had aA1i(^tcd me fo long 
 before, which I attributed to its cooling quality, of 
 which I found the cfledls in my bowels, as often at 
 I waftied in the river. The heat is not fo exceflive 
 here at at Tonquin, for they arc conftantly refrtlhed 
 every twenty-four hours by the fea and land breezes." 
 
 From Achin, Dampier fet fail as mate to Captain 
 
 Minchin, who had purchafed a vefl'cl there, and made 
 
 a voy.igc to Malacca. 
 
 remarkable occurred ;. they arrived in fafety, loadeil 
 
 a voy.igc to Malacca, in the courfe of which nothing 
 
 ■ id 
 
 tiieir Ihips and departed 
 
 On their return, they touched at a Dutch ifland'"/"'' <•' 
 near the continent, called Dinding. 'I'hey found *^""'"'i' 
 it inhabited only by Dutchmen, who had a fort there, 
 without baftions, in extent about 12 feet fquarr. 
 Handing in a finall creek defended by 14 guns and a 
 gari ifon of jo (oldicrs. Here the governor treated the 
 Fnglifti kindly, and invited them to fupper ; in the 
 midft of which they were difturbcd by an alarm that 
 was fpread of the approach of a number of Malayan* 
 from the continent ) but this turned out to be a falfc 
 re)K>rt. I'he next day they fet fail, and returned to 
 Achin about the beginning of November, 
 
 During Dampier s Hay at Fort St, George, a veflel 
 laden with clove-bark from Mindanao, arrived there 
 having oit board on? Mr. Moody, in quality of a fupcr- 
 cargo. — The reader may remember our having made 
 mention'of a prince of Mcangis who had folicitcd Read Accouiii 
 tocarryhimfromMlndanaoto his own country. This '" '' ' 
 prince and his mother having been driven olF their 
 own coaft in a tcmix-ft, had been feizedat fea by fome 
 MIndancian fiftiermen, who fold them as (laves at 
 Mindan.10, Mr. Moody being at that time on the 
 iflaiul, his attention was attracted by the curious 
 manner in which this Indian prince was painted ; he 
 therefore purchafed the royal flavc with an intention of 
 bringing him over to England, But the governor of 
 
 Fort 
 
 the Inilik 
 Idcv 
 
 fulilnleJ, O'liilc Ills countrj:mcn concluded from that letter ther< 
 
 was dicn one a Sumatra, 
 
n 
 
 CAPTAIN DAM PIER. 
 
 F.n«- 
 iM- 
 k but 
 ilwcll 
 \\\n ill 
 iiarKr« 
 1 three 
 
 lllt|UC«, 
 
 iti- vtry 
 ;c I fof 
 
 j^illraw 
 
 ,;• fpct. 
 
 or i» lcR« 
 
 It n! hot 
 vcilejtti 
 itratlion 
 ■iih their 
 
 ill little 
 ;hcm anJ 
 
 n who i« 
 
 ic a luai'U 
 laccv til.- 
 Ivc Oron- 
 Thc cap- 
 
 re th.it ill 
 ui-cns, anJ 
 ; fiivcreiitn 
 jiicJ a civil 
 to the new 
 It Achin i» 
 he iiiirtU of 
 ,ns, ai»l tl»^ 
 ; cDurfe for 
 I fams they 
 
 a reVii;iou» 
 "or my p»f' 
 rieiice, that 
 
 me fi> long. 
 
 r qVLlVlty, ot 
 
 as often a« 
 
 • lo cxctflive 
 
 tly rcfiifhejl 
 
 indbrccies." 
 
 5 to Captain 
 
 re, anil made 
 
 hich nothing 
 
 alciy, loadeJ 
 
 1 hey fouml*^ 
 I a fort there, 
 
 feet fquare, 
 L gun» and * 
 lor treated the 
 Wr i in the 
 bn alarm that 
 [of Malayan* 
 It to be afalle 
 It returned to 
 
 Ir. n- 1 • 
 
 Jcoree, » velTel 
 [arrivid there 
 Ity of a fuper- 
 
 I havinc made 
 |folicit.SReadA«o-. 
 
 Ijuntry. 1 his,„iotu 
 [yen oiF their' 
 It fca by fome 
 as (laves at 
 
 ; time on the 
 . the curious 
 Is painted j he 
 lin intention of 
 
 lie aovcrnor of 
 
 I ^ Fort 
 
 I il\« letter there 
 
 Fort if. Oeorg«, offering thii f^ntleman the place 
 of chitfof InJtapiiic, in the rnoin of one Mi. iiib- 
 honi, who haii l.ilely rcfigiicd, he en>lc.iv<iured lo 
 cn^aip U'mpiiT t.igu willi him ai hii gunner, and lo 
 cncouiu|;e him lu cumply made himapromifc of pur- 
 chafing a velHI (u carry the prince and hit mother to 
 their couiitrv, of which he would fend him an ;i com- 
 mander, and alfo give him power to eOahlilh a trade 
 at Mcani;i>.. Uampier thought ihin fuch un urt'cr us 
 he ought by no me ins to rrjeiit, and accordingly em- 
 barked for the new frttlemcnt. 
 
 The weather was fair and pleafant till thcycime to 
 the weftern coalt of Sumatra, when a ftorm a.-ifin;; 
 drove them into the harbour of lUncouli. fitie 
 I hey Were well rcciivcd, and (uir adventurer being 
 ottered the pl.ice of gunner of the frirt, accepted of 
 it with Mr. Mixxly's leave, who w.n uit furc 
 that he couUI nccomplift the prnmil'c lie made of fend- 
 ing him with the prince to Meanifi*, 
 
 Moody alfo afftgned him a hilf ftiarc in t!ie two 
 flaves, wnoiemained with him at Hcncouli, while the 
 new chief repaired to his ftalion at Indrapore, Dam- 
 pier, however, at length grew weary of his llation, 
 and made application (or hii difchargc to the i^ovcr- 
 nor and council : the latter thought his requelt rca- 
 fonable, and the former made no oDJei^lions i but that 
 was at a time when there wu no vclfcl lo be obtained, 
 to carry him home. Afterwards, when the fhip called 
 the Defence, Captain Heath, which was bound for 
 England, came thither, he atfirll foundexcufes, and 
 at lall peremptorily refuied to let Dampier go. Itfeems 
 that this fhip before her arrival at Rencouli, touched 
 at Indrapore, Moody had conrigncd his half (hare of 
 the Haves to Goddard, the chief mate of the Ihip 
 who in vain joined all his intercft to that of the cup- 
 lain in order to prevail on him for our adventurer's 
 difcharge, Moody having been previoufly acquainted 
 with his dcfign, of returning home. In conloquencc 
 of his aflignment, the prince of Mcangis who was re- 
 duced to the fituation of a common (lave, was put on 
 hoard the Defence. He was but jud recovered from an 
 infectious diftempcr, of which his mother had died 
 in India, and at her death he had given fuch an ex 
 ample of filial aff'et^lion as well drferves remembrance 
 among the more refined and civil!]. 'd people of Europe. 
 I TnOanfe nf This Indian, who was known by the name of 
 
 I Will ilVttlion Yeoly or Jcoly, was confoled as much as poffible by 
 [in an Indian. Dampier, on the lofs of his parent ; yet it was feared 
 that he would not long furvivc her. A grave was 
 therefore, immediately dug in order to hide the body 
 from him, which was ftirouilcd in a piece of fine n-.w 
 calico i but the fon could not be fatisfied till he faw 
 all her cloaths wrapped round her, together with two 
 new pieces of chintz, given her by Mr. Moody, fay- 
 ing, as they were hers, (he muft have them. At laft 
 (he was interred in a very folemn manner, but it was 
 long before her fon ceaJed to grieve for his mother's 
 death. 
 
 The governor continuing inflexible. Captain Hcsth 
 fecrctly agreed that D.impier fltoiild be rcccivc<l on 
 board his fliip, provided he could make his efcapc. 
 This adventurer who had no other chance for rcvilit- 
 ing his native countr)', depended intircly on the c.^p 
 tain's honour in which dependence he was not difap 
 pointed. 
 ■ampicr When the letters were put on board, and all things 
 
 |tip« from in readinefs for failing, proper notice being given, 
 |c gaol. Dampier after many efiiiys got away about the middle 
 
 '* One of the caufct of tliii fliOcinjicr, according to Datnpicr, 
 wai tlicir bad water, whicli they filled fruiii a river into whicli 
 feveral Itreams emptied their dregs in the dry feafnn. He alio 
 inentiont another circumnance, namely, ill beine Onwtd among 
 the pciipcr in the liold, which rendered ic fo hot that a man 
 could fcuccly hold a hoillc filled with it in his hand. Either of 
 thefc caufcs, though fo widely diHcicnt might hare produced 
 very difagrceahle effefts i^ the fitft ft.cms, however, to have lieeii 
 the mol\ probable fource of the evil. 
 
 t Among the rell, they told a talc of his having a beautiful 
 pnet at MinO«nao, whom the fultan took to his lied. They 
 laid alfo, that the paint with which he was adorned mjs a fe- 
 
 of the night ond creeping through one nf the pArN i6()i 
 
 holes of the ftirt tfcaptd to the (liips Imjt, v liith ^— v— 
 carried him on board , and on tlie 25th nf J.inuur), 
 till- captain failed for the Cape of (looil Hep-. 
 
 They had at full fair .iiul favourable wiailic r .ind 
 the pruljwi^t of a fuetufsful vi)y;i^e ; butlhey h.ul i.nt 
 been long at fea before a lliange dillempcr (lole upon 
 the crew, which provd fo uiiiverfal, that there was 
 lurdly one to he found who did not ex|uileiicc it in 
 a greater or lets degree, lo that tlic peo|ili. vvere (^ne- 
 lally unable to work the Ihip when nrcelliiy required 
 their utmod exertion.* While thry were in this 
 condition, they were feafonably relieved by the hu- Car'nin _ 
 nunity of the captain, who having brought I'.iino "'■"'' ^ """ 
 jars ot tamarinds from India, dillributcd thcin d.iily '"■''"'>• 
 anioii^ his crew, at this time of general fickncfs and 
 dillrcih. 
 
 but the wind coming foul, and the pnfl^i;;c which 
 lull already bcrii a long one, bein:; likelv 10 prove 
 ftill more tedious, Capt liii Heath, callin;; all his men 
 together, delired the oiiinion of every individual rc- 
 l.itivc to what was belt to bo dune in the prefent c>:i- 
 gency. The refult wis, that iiotwitlid.iiuliii.; the 
 wind w.ts unfavourable, tlicy (hould Hill proceed 
 towards the Cape, 
 
 But now another difficulty arofe : — to put this refo- 
 lution in force, it was nccclFary for thofe who were in 
 health to exert themfelves in an extraordinary manner, 
 in order to fupply the place of thofe that were fiek 
 on board. Here the captain's policy appeartd as c<'n- 
 fpicuous as his humanity had btx-n in the inllancc jiift 
 related. He promifed a month's extra p.iy to every 
 one who would eng.igc to alTill on all oceafions wli 11 
 required, whether it were his watch or not. The 
 prnpofal was firll embraced by the officer' , ami then 
 all the men capable of duty entered into the fame en- 
 gagement. 
 
 This falutary expedient had fhcdcfired efTecl. And 
 (fays Dampier) " In a fliort timcitpleafcd (jo<l to fa- 
 vour us with a fair wind, which being improved to 
 the beft advantage by the incelVant labour of thd'c 
 new-lifted men, wafted us in a ffiort time to the capo ( 
 and being brought f.ife to anchor by the affillancc of 
 100 Dutch failors, who unbent the fails and did 
 every thing for us they were required to do, tlie lick 
 were prefently fent on (hore, where they remained lor 
 fix weeks, and all but three or four recovered." 
 
 They look their departure from the cape in com- 
 
 fany with the James and Mary, and the Joleph, Eali- 
 ndiamen, fhaping their courle towards St. Helena, 
 and in their way were incommoded with a fwcllin!'- 
 fea, foon after they had doubled the capr, wliicH 
 Dampier obfervcs was a token " That the fouth-well 
 vyinds were violent in the higher latitudes towards the 
 I'outh pole (^wherc it was almoft the middle of winter] 
 wc having lound clear weather all the while." They 
 arrived at St. Helena on the 20th of June, from 
 whence, after four or five days Hay, they fct fail for 
 England, and without meeting with any thing rc« 
 markable, after a profpcrous voyage, arrived in the 
 Downs on the 16th of September, in the year lOgi. 
 
 Thus Dampier returned in fafety to his country} 
 but this was a blcfTinc denied the prince of Meangis. 
 This unfortunate Indian, it fcems, was fold to people 
 who carried him about the kingdom for a fliow, and 
 told a number of ridiculous talcs about him, which it 
 was not in his power to contradict.f After having 
 experienced all the viciflitudcs of this roving life, 
 
 prince 
 
 curity againft venomous creatures. Both thefc reports were 
 ciniaHy laife. With regard to the colouring, it feenis that li« 
 was fainted all down his bread, Iwtween his (liouljers, on hit 
 thirhs, and round kis legs and arms like InMccIets- Dampier 
 oblcrves, that he cnuld not liken the drauings to the form of 
 any animals j hut, he nddi, " Tliey were very curious, full of 
 great variety of lines, flourinics, clic'iuertil woik, and innume- 
 rable cnnvolmionsi keeping a very graceful proportion, and 
 appcarin^.r very aititicial, even to the wonder «f all that Uhelil 
 him." Accurdin^ to this account it feems that this prince wai 
 marked atici liie mannei called latltmn^, in ufc among tin 
 natives of Niw Zeuland. 
 
n 
 
 THE VOYAGE OT 
 
 3703 
 
 Anotlicr 
 vu\a;;c. 
 
 (inncc Jcoly dicil at OxforJ, an inftancc of llic iiifla- 
 bility ot loitiiiic. 
 
 DanipitTtwho (as the reader will rcmcmbi-r) had 
 m\cr yet been advanced to the ftation ot a tom- 
 niandtr, was I'oniiicli recomnKinled byhis voya!;cs, that 
 he was afterv/ards employed by the government, to 
 make dileoveiies, in whiih line, however, he docs 
 not kcm to have met with any great luccel's. Sailing; 
 (Vom the Downs on ilie r4ili'( I Jan. ibyS, in his nia- 
 JLlly"s lliip the IloJiiiek wirli i.-. ni>"^> ""'' S^"" ■"<•'"' 
 .inJ 20 months picn ilion on board, he proceeded till 
 \w fell in with ih.- eoaft of New Holland,, where 
 l.ltk- was found btlldes what Dampirr had before fecn 
 ;'iul d -leribed whin his voyage round the world was 
 IMiblilhul. '1 /ley f;.w on this coalj no othv.r land 
 liiiini.d ih.m a fort of racoon, tliat dilfers from tliofe 
 in tiie Well Indies chiefly in the (hapc of iheir legs, 
 w'lieli beini; lliort before, ihey jump as they run 
 a'niig ; and a (ort of lizards which havinc legs fo 
 f.irinul that they can walk eiiher fcrv\ard or backward, 
 and being without a tail, feem to havt two heads, tho' 
 pliiluliiphcrs arc of opinion that there is not fuch a 
 double form'd animal in nature. Here Dampier was 
 much diltrellld for want of \v;.tcr, and while he was 
 on (hoie d.igging a v\ell, he was attackwl by ten or 
 taelveof the natives. A vounp;man being furrounded 
 by three of them, and -.vounded with a lance, it was 
 «liou;:ht proper to Ihoot amongft thim. When a ;iun 
 was bred over tlieir hc.-.ds, thuughit made tlicni ftart at 
 f.rlt, had not the defired cfftcl; however, wlie;: a man 
 fell bv another difchargc, they exhibited figns of dictd 
 and alfonUhment, and fled precipitately fioni thi 
 fcvne of action. There was one among the fivage 
 who were in this cnjagement, that had the appearance 
 of a chief. He was neither 16 tall nor fo agreeable 
 •as the reft, bu. was more adlive and courageous. He 
 had a white circle painted round his eyes, and a white 
 ftnak down his nole from his forche.id to the tip of it 
 This feeiiied to be done not to make him api>ear more 
 Kautiful to his fricrids, but more terrible to his cnc 
 mies. In this fecond voyage. Captain Dampier con 
 firms what he faid in his (irlf. That the natives of 
 New Hollai.d are the moil dilagrecabic people he ever 
 f.uv, wliile Captain Cook gives a quite different v 
 count of them. In endeavouring t» reconcile thefe 
 dilTercnt relations if will feem flrange that there (hould 
 be fo LH'eat a difterence between the people inhabiting 
 the cailern and weftern coads of the fame land ; yet 
 we hue no aiithoritv fordifputing the authci-.icity ol 
 either of th.f; accounts. 
 
 In September 1690, Dampier K f f this ilifigrec 
 able coalf, when he cciild neither lind frefli water 
 nor a harbour proper for careening his vcflcl, and ar- 
 rived at Timor on the 15th of the fame month, where 
 he was fupplied with water and pro\ ifions. by the 
 chi.f ol' tl.e Dutch fatforv, and was alfo well enter- 
 tained by ihc Hortuguele fettled there. Froin thence 
 he failed to New (Juiiiea, where finding the land di- 
 vided into two pan?, In- ga'.e the name of New Kritain 
 to the eaftern 'hore. On his return, he touched a;;;iin 
 at Timor, and from thence failed to Batavia, where he 
 took ill lupplies. Thus provided, he proceeded for 
 the Cape of Good Ho])c in Oilobcr, and having 
 iloubkd it continued his voyage to S. Helena, 
 wliere he arrived on the laft day of January, 1700. — 
 In his courfe homeward his yeffel fprung a leak, and 
 he was forced to run her a-groiind at Afcenfion llland. 
 'I'hi re the crew landed, a- 3 took on ftiorc their pro- 
 vifions. Afterwards tiicydifeovered a fine fpring of 
 water, and remained on the ifland till fume Englilh 
 niLii of war touched thrio, which were convoving the 
 Canterbury Eafl Indiaman, and thcic brought them 
 home at lall to England. The reader may here per- 
 ceive that no fuccefs attending this voyage was (uf- 
 fieient to en^.ige a man to einbiirk in another ; but 
 D.uiipier w.is of a roving diljiolilion, and not ealily 
 difeoiKvrled by difappointmcnls. 
 
 S'ill wifiiing to I, didinguifhi-J in his prof-flion, 
 it was not eafyfor fuch a oin. to refifl the op|)ortiiiiiiii.s 
 UiW. otiaeU to .gratify his d:',rliiig paflioii. Accord I 
 
 ingly, in the year i-rj, wc find Iilm-inain employed, 
 in confort with Capt. I'ulling in an expedition to thj 
 South Seas. Kach of theli; had a ihip of lO guns 
 under his cimiinand, manned by 120 men. Dam- 
 pier's Ihip w as called the St. George, and I'ulling's tho 
 Kamc : thiy h.d a commitlion from Prince George of 
 Denmark, the Lord Hi ;h Adm. of Kii'j;land, to proeecd 
 againft the J'rench and Spaniards, ami were victualled 
 lor nine months ; but the expedition, as it feeins, par- 
 taking of the nature of thofe fitted out by private ad- 
 venturers, though countenanced by a governinenC 
 commiflion, began in the tirll fetting olF to give to- 
 kens of thofe difagrcemcnts which arc common in 
 thefj cafes amon^; the commanders and olHcers of 
 Ihips under this predicament. They hnd not got out 
 of the Downs before fomc difi'erenccs arofe between 
 tile captains, in conficiiienee of which rullingfct fail 
 alone. Dampier thus left to take his ov.ti cmirfi; 
 flopped fomc time on the coaff of Ireland, where he 
 was Joined iiy the Ciiupie I'ort Galley, commanded 
 by Captain Charles Pickering : fhc was of 90 tonu 
 burden, and carried 16 guns, and 63 men. 
 
 Ourvoy.iger let fail from Kinlale in Ireland on the 
 tithof Scptembir, 170^, little doubting of tlie fuc- 
 cefs of the projeiSs ho had formed, which wcr.?— — . 
 If pofTible to furprili the Spaniih galle(>ns at l!uc;io» 
 Ayr.s J if they ihould mif's of them 10 fail ihrongh 
 thcMaghcllanic Streights, and cruileon rhecoalts jfp^ 
 Peru for the Baldivia fhips, which carried gi>ld tol'> 
 Lima ; or if they (hould fail in both thcle tnteipritijs, 
 then to endeavour to intercept on tl'c coalls of .\fcxico 
 the Manilla Ihip that annu.itly comes to the town 01 
 Acapulco. 
 
 Dampier's fhip, and Pickerint^'s !>;allev arrivinfi; at 
 the M.adeir.as, they were given to uivdertfaiul that the 
 galleons had left liucnos Ay res, and v.'ere then at Te- 
 neriffj and thus they found the firft part of tbeiv 
 fcheme had pro\eJ abortive. As ;hey had no time to 
 lofe, on receiving this intilligencr, the two vcffeis piot. 
 ceeded on their courfe to the Ifland Le Grand, on the 
 coall of Hrafil, where the captain of the galluy died, 
 and Lieutenant Siridling was choltn tocommand her. 
 
 They failed from this ifland on the 8th of Decem- 
 ber, and doubled Cape Horn on the 20th of Jan. anJ 
 the two vcflels parted company in a violent ftorm, then 
 Dampier changing his direftion, and flecrin::; north- 
 ward, procccilcd towards Juan Kernandcz. Anchor- 
 ing in the great bay there, the St. George met with 
 her confort, and they continued at the ifl.ind till the 
 2gth, refitting their fliips, when defcrying a fail, they 
 pirt to fi a and came up with her; Dai ipicr fought 
 her about feven hours, after which ftvc Ihccreil oft'., 
 the galley having taken little part in the engagcircnt. 
 Rcturniii!; to Juan Fernandez the next day, th"y 
 narrowly cfcapcd from two French men of war, aOkl 
 left their anchors, cables, and five of their men, with 
 a fet of fails ) alt of which they could but ill tpur; 
 behind tliem. 
 
 The Baldivhin ftiips were the next objrd they had 
 in view ; but the Baldivian fhips were failed, .md tht- 
 gold was fccurcd. T'.us difappointed, they detoi - 
 mined to attack the town of Santa Maria, in the 
 gulph of Panama ; but their intention having Iten 
 difcovervd by the Spaniards, an ambufcade wa. Iiiid 
 for them j four were killed, fome wouiulnl, nud the 
 reft were glad to favc themfelves by Hirjhr. Tbis 
 ended that expedition. The comiii injurs difpir.ied 
 by tlieir ill fuccefs, were now ready to part from cacli 
 otlur, when, luckily for til- m, a l.irge fliij) ea'nc i^ an 
 :'nehor clofe by them, which was deeply ladtii \\ illi 
 flour, fugar, brandy, wir.e, luarnialiide of (jiiiiue , 
 ;'nd fait j alfo a <]iiantity of linen and woolljn cloili. 
 They boarded and took her, and were li.ipjjy in thii; 
 fuppl), which came at a time wlitn fiv.? green plujir 
 tains was the allowance for fix men. Notwitliit,.nd- 
 iii'^ this the captains detcrmini d to frpnriie from eich 
 ottur; and within three d.iys aiierrt..id:: C.ipluiii 
 Dampier fell in with a Spaniflifliip of wai', which ic 
 leeins had been fitted out witii a view v 1 tai.e'h:l.i ; 
 but tl;e t'AO Ihips p-.uled in the ni^'it bycoiif.nt, af- 
 (j, tct 
 
 
 jl)illf]p[ 
 
 le'iinliii. 
 fri;;.,.„i 
 [^J.m;IU 
 
 iv.l'jer em- 
 
 Account of 
 1 Kcail'u 4dvcr 
 [ turct. 
 
CAPTAIN DAMPIER. 
 
 T'? 
 
 [li^lifippoint- 
 \ci\ m liu tlt- 
 Ifi;; I III! tilc 
 ]M.ui:IU (hip. 
 
 tcr a finarl cngajjcmcnt. Not long after this, the 
 dicinon of difcurd raging among them, Clippington, 
 our v<iy.igcr's fiift lieutenant fc-izcd the (hip's tender, 
 with the (tores, ammunition, and 21 of the men, and 
 when he had cleared the illands, gave an invitation to 
 all that chofe to follow his fortunes to come on board ; 
 iiiid it is liivrly Dampier would have been leftalmoft 
 alone, had it not been for the hopes formed of his laft 
 
 1>roje<^t, that of attacking the Manilla fliip, which 
 Lept thofc remaining on board his ihip dill fteady to 
 l)iir. Clippington too had the gencrofity to rcftorc all 
 the powder and ammunition, except what he wanted 
 for his own ufe. In the mean time, Dampier took a 
 fmallbark laden ivith plantains in the, bay of Tacca- 
 mes, which he named the Dragon, and dcfigned to 
 keep her for a tender. The mailer of tliis bark was 
 named Chiiftian Martin, born in Spain, but having 
 been taken prifoner when a boy, was brought up in 
 England. Him they fccured, and proceeded on their 
 laft gr.-ind projeft to attack the Manilla fhip, which 
 they came up with on the 6th of December, and bear- 
 ing down on her, gave her fcveral broadfldcs before 
 {he could bring her guns to bear, which threw the 
 crew into great confuhon. It was now that their pri- 
 I'uiier Captain Martin gave them fuch advice as had it 
 been followed would probably have fecurcd their prize ; 
 for ho advifed them to lay their veflel aboard imme- 
 diately, before the Spaniards could have time to re- 
 co\cr from their diforder. If a proper authority had 
 been exerted, and the fcamcn on board the St. George 
 (lifpofcd to obey inftcad of wrangling among thcm- 
 feh'cs, the fchcme might h.wc t.aken c(fc£l ; but in- 
 ftcid of this, there were two parties, the one for fol- 
 lowing Martin's advice, the other againft it. In the 
 mean time the Spaniards got out a tier of 24 pound- 
 er';, whofe weight was too much for the Englifli vef- 
 fcl. After having received a {hot between wind and 
 water in the powder-room, by which two feet of her 
 pl.nnks were driven in on each fide of the {lern, the 
 St. George w.as beaten off with difgracc, and all the 
 golden projeiSs of the adventurers were at an end. 
 —The mariners were, however, prevailed on to 
 cruife for fome weeks upon the Mexican coaft, and 
 pafled the ports of Acapulco, Port Angels, Angua- 
 tulco, and many other places, but met with nothing 
 of any confequcncc, and therefore the people grew 
 more and more impatient every day. 
 Account of At this time a number of the men projected adefign 
 
 Rcid's advcn- of returning home by way of the Eaft-Indies. Tne 
 tarct. encourager of this party was Mr. Funnel, the chief 
 
 mate, who commamled the Spani{h prize. The 
 owner's agent dividing the provifions between them. 
 Funnel feparated himlelf and 33 men from Dampier, 
 and having watered at Amapalla prepared for his 
 voyage. The other party confifling of 27 pcrfons 
 remained with their old commander ; but of the ad- 
 ventures they ,met with we have no other accoulits 
 except that Dampier returned home in fafety, but 
 publiilied no account of this voyage. As for his 
 thief mate, and thofc who failed under his condufl, 
 ihey quitted the Ciulph of Amapalla on the firft of 
 February, 1705. On his return, his veflel was feized 
 by the Dutch, the efFeifts confifcatcd, and mo{t of the 
 crew confined and half (tarvcd. Funnel being relcafed 
 however, got fumethiiiglikc a redref';, though by no 
 means what he had a right to exptd. With two of 
 
 )• • • ; ':. >. ; . .'. . 
 ,:;•■•..■ I ■;.:!: 
 ■J 'i^i i\i » -.1 , 
 ... ■ ; .i.i -t ^• 
 
 his company, he embarked for Europe, on the zd of 
 November, and arrived in the TixlI in July tlie 
 next year. After vifiting the principal towns in Hol- 
 land he returned to Enjiand and publi(hc«l his voyage, 
 from whence the accounts of this la{l expedition of 
 Dampier are extracted. 
 
 As the reader may be curious to know what became 
 of Read and Teat our adventurer's old companions in 
 his voyage With Captain Swan, it may be proper to 
 obfervc that after Dampier's return to Achin from hi» 
 voyage to Malacca, lit ntet with one Mr, Morgan, 
 that had formerly belonged to the Cygnet, but was 
 then on board a Dani{h veflel, who gave him the fi)l- 
 lowing account of them : " That when they left 
 Nicobar, they {leered for Ceylon, but not being 
 able to weather that ifland, they went to the coaft of 
 Coromandel, where they began to form new prO- 
 jcifis, which not fucceeding. Read's people left him. 
 Morgan and Coppinger, with fontc others, entered 
 into the Dani{h fervicc, two or three others rep.ii red 
 to Fort St. George, but the main body went up the 
 country and inliited in the Great Mogul's fervice, 
 where a few of them continued orderly for fome time j 
 but Oliver, the quarter-mafter, and a party with him 
 foonleft the camp, and rambled about, plundering 
 and robbing the villages. He added, that Captain 
 Re.id h.iving thus loH the better half of his men,. 
 after having taken rice and water on board, failed 
 again, ftili intending for the Red Sea. Off Ceylon 
 he had taken u rich Portugucfc Diip and plunJcred 
 her of what he liked; but not being able to bear 
 up againft the woftcrly winds, he flood for Ma- 
 dagascar. There, after various adventures, Re.id. 
 with half adozenof his followers, flipping away from 
 the reft of the company, embarked for New York.. 
 Teat, who fuccecded to his command, having joined 
 Captain Knight, their old companion, they failed 
 fome time in company ; but as the Cygnet proved 
 leaky. Knight got away from her, on which ihc re- 
 turned to Madagafcar, and funk at laft in the Bay of 
 St. Auguftin." 
 
 Such was the end of all the fchcmes of Captain 
 Swan's piratical crew, from whom our voyager fo 
 luckily leparated himfelf at Nicobar. Of his other 
 undertakings we have given a fummary of all that 
 was worth notice as far as our authorities extend. Of 
 tlie latter part of his life we have no account. ,\ye 
 have followed him through allhisbufyfccnes, and have 
 endeavoured to reprefent him to the reader fuch as 
 he ajjpears to have been, one of a fpirit rather reftlefs, 
 with a thirft for gold, to which, however, [if we fct 
 afide the depredations he committed in common with 
 others on the Spani{h coafts] he does, not feein to have 
 facrificed his idea of ftri<£l hbnefty. With a bluntnefs 
 of manners he feems to have joined no fmull Ib.'ire of 
 humanity ; and more than once we (tnd him exprefs- 
 ing in high terms his difapprohation of cruelty and 
 injuftice. A defire of knowledge feems to have been 
 one of his predominant paflions, and this he had many 
 opportunities to gratify, but in his wiftics to attain 
 richci he feems generally to have been difappointed. 
 On the whole, Dampier, though not the beif calcu- 
 lated to command, appears to have been a mati of good 
 natural parts, and was certainly a very able nuvi< 
 gator. 
 
 1 
 
 4... iV 
 
 
 
 
 T 
 
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 --'-i'.-'. *; 
 
 
 / 1 ,..', 
 
 fit 
 
 
 'i 
 
 1! t>,» 
 
 ■1 •: ■! 
 
 Vol. I. N- 7. 
 
 T U E 
 
( 74 J 
 
 THE VOYAGE OF MASTER COWLEY, 
 ROUND THE WORLD. . ' 
 
 GuaiT 
 
 1684 /^OWLEY, as ^t-cll as Dampier was engaced in a 
 * > ' v>) league with the Buccanctrs of America. Hisfirft 
 fetting out was in the fame prize wherein Dampier 
 tailed from Virginia under the conduft of Captain 
 Cook ; and during his life, he continued to ferve him in 
 quality of maftcr, after which he failed with Captain 
 Eaton into the South Seas. The account of his 
 voyage is Written by bimfelf, from which the fubfe- 
 qucnt relation is extrafted. 
 
 He failed from Cape Charles in Virginia, in the 
 Revenge, Captain Cook, in the month of Auguft, 
 1683, under an idea of navigating the (hip to Petit 
 Guavres, whither he accordingly direfted his courfe ; 
 but was foon given to underftand, as he quitted the 
 fhore, that the veflbl muft be brought to Guinea, 
 from whence, as foon as a Ihip could be gotten, they 
 were to fail into the Pacific Ocean. 
 
 Standing for the Cajte Vcrd Iflands j when they 
 
 came to St. Nicholas, a confultation was held, the 
 
 fubjeft of which Was, whether they (hould fail dired- 
 
 ly for the South Seas, in the ihtp they had, or whe- 
 
 tner they (hould proceed to Guinea, to accommodate 
 
 themfelves with a better, as had been at (irft intended. 
 
 It was at laft concluded that they (hould try the 
 
 road of St. Jago, one of the Cape Vcrd Iflands, and 
 
 if they could there find a veflel that might fuit their 
 
 purpofe, they (hould immediately endeavour to make 
 
 prize of her. 
 
 A dtfiiin of «« On our approach to this ifland (fays Cowley) 
 
 taking a Dutch on the eallern fide, we defcricd a large (hip from tne 
 
 ihipmUearrics ^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^|^^ p^.^^^^^ ^^ ^ ^ p^j,,^ g^jj Indiaman, 
 
 df 50 guns, and, as we afterwards learned, of 400 
 men, moft of whom were on (hore ; but ^ing us 
 (tand towards the road, they inftantly repaired to 
 their ports, clapped a fpring upon their cable, heaved 
 their broadfide to us, run out their lower tier of 
 guns, and made themfelves ready to receive us. We 
 had now advanced too near ; but marking their force, 
 and that it was in vain to attempt a coutjUfft, we put 
 before the wind, and failed direftly for the ccaft of 
 Guinea, where we had no fooner arrived than we 
 (til In with a new (hip of 40 guns, which we boarded 
 and carrietl away. Upon examination, we found her 
 well rtored with brandy, water, and provifions ; and, 
 in order to furnifh het with other nccclTaries from 
 our old (hip, we put into Sherborough, refolvin^ to 
 put iiito no o'lhcr port till we (hould come to the 
 the Ifland of Juan Fernandez." 
 
 Their firft defign being thus accompli(hcd, they 
 ftccred for the Brafilian coart, and afterwards came 
 into 47' fouth lat. " Where {fays our voyager) we 
 found l.ind never before difcovcred. It proved an un- 
 Ptpy'i Ifland. inh.ibitcd ifland, to which I gave the i.ame of Pepy's 
 Ifland, and at which fliips may conveniently wood 
 and water, having a good harbour where a tnoufand 
 fliTps may_ride in fafcty. On this ifland we faw plenty 
 of fowls, and round it there is no doubt of fi(h, but it 
 blowing a ftorm we could neither dare approach it 
 nor examine its coafts." 
 
 They now ftood to the fouthward, intending not to 
 attempt the Maphillanic ftreights, but to make Terra 
 del Fucgo, where (inding great riplings, and being 
 apprcl.infivc of danger, they determined to attempt 
 the palTagc difcovcred by Bartholomew Sharp in l68l, 
 and to fail round all, leaving Staten Land to the 
 north. Tlicy came abrea(} of Cape Horn on the 14th 
 of Ftbruary, " where chufing Valentines, and dif- 
 
 * Cnwley favt, lie foun*! the weather fo coI<) there, that they 
 cmilil <lriiiK tliice <iuarcs o( burnt brandy a-picce withsui being 
 at all iDtoxicaccd. 
 
 courfing of the witchcraft of women, there nroCe a 
 ftorm which continued till the Ia(t day of the month, 
 and drove the veflbl into latitude 60^ 30' -fouth."* Ac- 
 cording to the notions entertained in thofc days, they 
 concluded that talking of the wiles of women at fca 
 was ^very unlucky difcourfe. However the wind 
 coming to the fouih in the beginning of March they 
 were carried into a warmer latitude. Steering north- 
 ward, they met with the Nicholas, Captain Eaton, 
 in the 40th degree of touth latitude, in confort with 
 whom they faileil to the ifland of Ju:tn Fernandez, 
 which was the place where the Mofl<ito men met each 
 other, as has been related in Dampier's account.— 
 From thence they failed north-north-ea(V, till the/ 
 made the high land of Arica, in j8 degrees fouth la- 
 titude. Being before the bay, they held a confultation 
 \ffhether they (hould enter, the refult of which was 
 that they (hould proceed to Cape Planco, and wait 
 there for the Plate fleet coming to the bay of Panama.f 
 In their way they t' ok a (hip laden with timber, hav- 
 ing 30 men on board, with which th^-y failed to Lo- 
 bos, and afterwards refolved on an attack upon Trux- 
 iilo ; they alfo made prize of three (hip* laden with 
 flour and fwcet-mcats, and aflcrwiirds lav bv at the 
 Gallapagos or Inchanted iflands, as the reader Kat^ I'een 
 in Dampier's relation. 
 
 They came to an anchor in a very good harbour to- 
 wards the northernmoft end of a fine ifland under the 
 Equinodlial Line, where there was plenty of fifh and 
 
 land tortoifes- Cowley adds, " That there were 
 
 fowls of various forts, and fo tame (Cays he) that at 
 firft they would often light upon the hats and (houlders 
 of our men, as they walked abroad j but not being 
 able to fatisfy their hungry appetite by catching thcin 
 alire, the failors fo feared them by frequently firing 
 upon them, that they became at lall like other birds, 
 very (hy. Cowley called this the Duke of Ydrk's 
 Ifland, and to another which he obferved when 
 viewed in various direftions to aflume a difierent (hape, 
 he gave the name of Cowley's Inchanted Ifland.— 
 It was on the Duke of York's Ifland alone that he 
 (bund frc(h water. 
 
 Sailing from hence the firft land thcv made upon 
 the main was Cape Trefpontew, where the C;iptuin 
 died. The fecond d.-iy, fays he, three Indians came 
 down, whom our men brought en board. Being 
 ftridlly examined concerning tlie ftrcngth .iiid opu- 
 lence of Ria Lexa, they gave very fatisf.ittory anfwcrs ; 
 but, while they were under examination, our long-boat 
 being fent on (hore to get beef, a party of Spanifli 
 Indians came down, and fct their boat on fire, and 
 drove their crew for (helter to a roek, where they were 
 forced to remain till we fent another boat with ao 
 men to fecure them. Wc retained the three Indian's, 
 and led them, with ropes about the-r necks, as guides to 
 conduft us afterwards to Ria Lcxa; but one of them 
 having cot his neck out of the collar, made his cf- 
 cape, and alarmed the town ; fo that rur men returned 
 very much difcouraged at this fecund difappoint- 
 mcnt." 
 
 Cowley afterwards mentions their having c?.rccncd 
 their verfbls in the bay of Amapalla, where C ipt jln 
 Davis and Cook's fuccelTor parted from Capt.iin Ea- 
 ton, and'our voyager accompanied the latter. They 
 then ftecrcd for Cape St. Francifco, and coming to 
 Payta, they fet two (hips on fire th.at were lying at 
 anchor there, the Spaniards rcfufing to ranfom them. 
 
 Standing 
 
 The go 
 koi'sci 
 
 f By iliit determination they iuitTe<l of a (hip with joo cous 
 of filTcr on bgaid, then lyiog m Aiica Bay, 
 
THE VOYAGE OF MASTER COWLEY 
 
 ?! 
 
 Uuani. 
 
 The gover- 
 feoi's civility, 
 
 Standing W. N. W. they came almoft as low as the 
 rocks of St. Bartholomew, and at lalt having pafled 
 the rocks, went for the Ifland of Guam. 
 
 '« It was on the 14th of March (fays Cowley) that 
 Tlicy^amve «t^^ f^^ jj^j^j^ Wlien wc arrii eil, we nad a very ficlcly 
 (hip, no man being free from the fcurvy. At twelve 
 o'clock we were in latitude 13° 2' north by obfcrva- 
 tion. The next day we 'ailed about the louth-weil 
 part of the ifland, and rime to an anchor in a fair bay 
 from whence we lent a boat afliorc with a flag of truce ; 
 but, on landing, we found that the natives had burned 
 their houfes, and had fled. However, our men felled 
 fome cocoa trees, and brought a hundred or two of 
 the nuts on board, to refrefh the crew. In the mean 
 time, a party of Indians ruflied from behind the 
 bufhes, and in a hoftile manner threatened to attack 
 us ; but wc made figns of friendfliip, and one of the 
 Indians returned to the wood, and having peeled a 
 ftick fo as to make it appear white, he came forward, 
 when one of his companions perceiving that he had 
 no cap, to compliment our people, called him back, 
 and prcfented him with one for that purpofe. From 
 Sunday the 15th, till Tucfday the 17th, we con- 
 tinued a firce trade with the Indians ; but, on that day, 
 our men going over to a fmall ifland on the wcil fide 
 of Guam, the Indians fell upon them with Hones and 
 lances, which occafioned a fray, wherein four of the 
 Indians were killed upon the (pot. Two days after, 
 the governor, who was a Spaniard, came to n point of 
 land near the (hip, and fcnt a letter, written in Spa- 
 nifh, French, and Dutch, demanding in the name of 
 the king his ma(ter. Who wc were, whither we were 
 bound, and from whence we c-unc ? Our anfwer waj 
 written in French [importing] that we were employed 
 by fome gentlemen in France upon the difcovcry of 
 the unknown parts of the world. On the return of 
 the meflenger, the governor fent a letter of invitation 
 to the captain to come on fliore, with which lie in- 
 ftantly complied, and was received under a triple 
 difcharge of cannon from the fort, which was anfwer- 
 «d by the fame number of guns from the ihip. They 
 (bon came to a good underftandi'"'. Our Captain 
 made an ipology for killing fome o 1 ' w- Indians in his 
 own defence, and the governor anfv.^rcd, That If he 
 bad killed them all, helhould have cftcemed the favour 
 the ercatej'. We were afterwards told that the Indians 
 ca the fmall ifland were in rebellion." 
 
 Mutiial civilities now pafled between the governor 
 and the Englifh. A Spaniih Captain was fent on 
 board who continued 24 hours in the fliip. He brought 
 to hogs tc^thcr, with potatc ;s, plantains, and other 
 fruits of the country, and ih. captain in return made 
 the officer a prtlentcr a rich fword, and fent the go- 
 vernor a diamond ring. 
 
 A captain, a jefuit, and a fri.ir, were afterwards 
 icnt on hoard with a requcft to Captain Eaton to fparc 
 the governor fome powder ; four barrels were accord- 
 iflgly fent, and an offer wan made him of four great 
 
 funs, which offer he decline<l with great poUtenefs, 
 ut accepted tiie powder, and fcnt a box with i6co 
 pieces of eight, defiring the captain to pay himfcif 
 out of the money. However the box was returned 
 with th? money untouched, but tlie governor after- 
 wards fent a very valuable prefent to ihe captain. 
 
 In the mean time the Englifii went out every day 
 chacing the Indians with licence to kill and deftroy 
 them. But it fecms that thi: latter finding they were 
 not Spaniards, became fo tra£iablc- as to do all that 
 could be expected from them. But fome time after 
 when the Englifh thought that all was peace, " The 
 Indians (fays Cowley) made figns for as manv of 
 our men as chofc it, to come on (hore and fee them 
 haul »hc fcine. Our men, not fufpccling any dc- 
 Jign, manned the boat, and went to look at them : 
 But while tliey were amufing themfelves with the 
 fport, the Indians had very artfully brought their feine 
 round the boat with an intention to draw it on fliore, 
 and thereby entanglr both boat and crew i but the 
 failori difcovering the plot, gave the Indians no time 
 to put it in execution ; for being provided with firs- 
 6 
 
 arms, they fired amongfV the thickefl of them, killed 1685 
 a great many of them, and drove the reft away. > ,— -^ 
 
 Cowley adds th.it " Thefc Indians are large of fta- 
 turc, fome of them being fcven feet and a half hiffh. 
 He fays they go ftark naked and never bury their dead, 
 but leaving them in the fun to rot. They have no 
 arms but flings and lances, the iharp ends of the lat- 
 ter are pointed with dead mens bones, being cut like 
 fcoops, and jagged at the edges like faws, if a man 
 happens to be wounded by them and is not cured in nine 
 days, he certainly dies. Our people took four of thcfe 
 treacherous favages prifoners, bound them and brought 
 them on board ; but they had not been long amongft 
 us before three of them leaped into the fea, and with 
 their hands tied behind them, fwam away like fiihcs. 
 However we fcnt a boat after them, and found that a 
 ili'ongmanat the firft blow could not penetrate their 
 flcins with a cutlafs." — He adds, " One of them, in 
 my judgment, rtctivtdfortt bultits in his boJy beferi he 
 Hied, and the laft of the three that was killed, fwnm 
 a good Englifh mile, not only with his hands tied be- 
 hind him, but v/ith his arms pinioned, before he ex- 
 pired." 
 
 The Englifh here had good encouragement for de- 
 ftroying the Indians, as the more harm was done to 
 thele people, the better the Spaniih governor was 
 pleafed, who, the day after the affair abovementioned, 
 lent the captain a prefent of 30 hogs, and fome of the 
 fruits of the cpuntry. 
 
 When they had rigged their veflTel, and taken '" xhev leave th» 
 wood and water, they prepared for their departure, i'.Und. 
 weighing anchor on the firfl of April, and having re- 
 ceived the governor's laft prefent on the 3d. On the 
 4th they fct fail, and proceeded till they came to a 
 clufter of iflands, lying to the northward of Luconia, 
 where they perceived no inhabitants, but faw fome 
 goats, and found a g.-eat many nutmegs. From hence 
 they ftecrcd for Luconia, and afterwards came up 
 with Cape Mindato, where the fouth-weit munfoon 
 overtakingthcm, they were forced to go for Canton in 
 China. There they might have taken 13 Tartarian 
 vefTels, full of rich goods, of which the Tartars had 
 plundered the Chinefe two years before, but they being 
 under no command refufed to attack them. From Can- 
 ton they proceeded for Manilla, in queft of the (hip that 
 annually failed thither, but though they came in light 
 of her, ihe efcapcd them by fwift failing, which was 
 no fmall difappointment. Afterwards they bore away 
 for an ifland to the north of Luconia, intending to 
 remain there till the wind would permit th.'ir failing 
 for Bantam, which they knew not had been ti'ken from 
 the Englifh by the Dutch. At this ifland 1 hey fup- 
 plied themfelves with goats, guanoes and fruit, and 
 found an Indian who gave them a direction to a place 
 where there was plenty of cattle. As foon as the 
 wind was fair, they proceeded to the fouthward, and 
 in the tenth degree of north latitude, were fo much 
 intangled among a clufter of iflands, that tlicy ex- 
 pefteiT to be wrecked, but happily efcapcd that danger, 
 and held on 'heir cnurfe to an ifland at the north end 
 of the Borneo. There they hauled the (hip on fhorc, 
 fet up a tent and fortified themfelves, creating a bat- 
 tery on (hore. At firft the nitives were very fhy of 
 them, having never feen any white )>copic, and having 
 met with on'.'of their canoes full of women, ail ong whom 
 was the <]ueen of the country, all that were on board 
 leaped into the fen at fight of^ the ftrangers ; but thefe 
 being taken up, and treated with kindnefs, the peo- 
 ple by degrees grew more familiar, and fupplied the 
 EngliOi with fucn fruits as the ifland produced, befides 
 trafficking with tliem for mufk, civet and bezuar, 
 while they ftayed in tht courvtry. 
 
 Towards the end of the year, they left this place 
 and fteered for Timor. — There finding the crew mu- Cowliy fcpj. 
 tinous and not under command of their captain, Cow- "'^ ^ "!'!^ 
 ley, one Hill, and eighteen others, bought a large EitgnWrew. 
 boat, in which they failed to Java. The wind not 
 proving favourable to wry them to Batavia, they 
 went to Cheribot, a Dutch faftory, totheeaftward of 
 that place, where the Dutah geverno: received them 
 
 with 
 
 .t , 
 
 -». 
 
 1 
 
76 
 i68$ 
 
 THE VOYAGE OP 
 
 writli kinJnefs. The worthy perfons bcfoicmcntioncd 
 now divided themfelves into three parties, two of 
 which concluded to fail for the Bay of Bengal, hut 
 the third remained with Cowley. Confidering that 
 Batavia was the Dutch magazine in India, they re- 
 
 fiiired thither and met with an agreeable reception, and 
 (fays the author) with Mr. Hill, and another friend, 
 who were all my party, were promifcd our paflage to 
 Europcin thcir£:i({ India fleet. At this time the general 
 Vras fending five fhips of war with foldicrs, in order to 
 procure fatisfaiftion from the king of the ifland, for 
 the flaughter of a party of 80 Hollanders. Thefe 
 (hips, however, were Arft defigned againft Sillebar, 
 an Englifli fcttlement on the welurn coaft of the 
 ifland of Sumatra, but the outrage abovementioned, 
 had ciufed the Dutch to change their purpofe. 
 
 The Engliftimen at Batuvia hearing thofe tidings, 
 would willingly have gone to Sillebar ; but this was 
 what the Dutch would not fuiTer ; .-md they fcized 
 a flo«)p which had been bought for that purpofe, the 
 prime coll of which they returned, but according to 
 a law forbidding the fubjedls of the republic in India 
 to fell a veflcl to any forcifjiicr, they punilhcd thofe 
 that tranfgrefled it ; and Cowley, together with Mr. 
 Hill, and another friend emb-ukcd on board the Sulida 
 Indiaman, bound to Holland, and faw their old com- 
 mander's (hip coming in, juft as they were going 
 out of the road, i'lie wind not being fan, they 
 turned down to Bantam to take in provifions, and 
 from thence fleered to Prince's Ifland, where they lay 
 three weeks, and then ftood for the Cape of Ciootl 
 Hope. In their courfe thither the Dutch loft their 
 captain who died on the 27th of May, at which time 
 they found thcj- were coming in with the land in 
 30" 2 " of (buth lat. and on the 3d of that month at 
 night they came to an anchor at the cape in nine fa- 
 thom water. The following is Cowley's defcription 
 of the place, and of the natives of the country. 
 " This day (fays he) four of the natives came 
 Misilcfcriptionjown to the city, dancing naked, and ottering their 
 ct tiie HettcH- y,iy^^ to the Hollanders for bits of tobacco [other 
 voyagers have ohferved tliat they are fcvere in punifh- 
 ing adultery]. They were the filthieft men I ever 
 faw. The next day my two friends and I walked about 
 the town in which were about 100 houfcs, built very 
 low to favc them from tljc boifterous gales of wind, 
 ■ that blow here, in the months of December, Janu- 
 ary, and February : but the Dutch have here a ffrong 
 caftle, with 80 guns well mounted, and a fpacious 
 
 fardcn with walks, and planted with alinoft every 
 ind of fruit, flowers, and herbs. — This was the 
 greateft rarity that we faw at the cape. We walked, 
 moreover, without the town, to the village, inhabit- 
 ed by the Hodmandoils [Hottentots] fo called by the 
 Hollanders. Thefe people are faid to be born white, 
 but make themfclves black by anointing their bodies, 
 and expofmg thejr infants to the fun and fmoke. Their 
 houfes or huts are built round (like the cabins in 
 Ireland of the wW /r/^) with the fire-place in the 
 middle, round which they lie in common, covered 
 only with the Htiiis of fome beaft, and without any 
 other bed than the afhes of the wood on which tltey 
 tirefs their meat. They eat any thing that is foul, 
 and will gather from the dunghill the offal that is 
 thrown out by the Dutch, to feed their dogs. Their 
 m?n arc not at all jealous of foreigners ; but will beat 
 their wives unmercifully for lying with their neigh- 
 bours. When the women marry, they cut off a joint 
 of the middle finder, and if the hulband dies, (he 
 cuts ofF. -mother joint, and fo many men as they mar- 
 ry, fo many joints they lofe. They are fuppoled to 
 worftiip the moon, becaufe at the full and change 
 they aflcmbic in great numbers, dancing and rejoicing 
 when file (hines, but howlini; and lamenting when 
 they are deprived of her light. 
 
 It happened while wc lyerc . t the Cape, that one of 
 the natives diank himfcif dead at the fort, of which 
 his countrymen getting intclliecnce, they afl'embled 
 about him, and with oil and milk endeavoured 10 re- 
 cover him ) but fuiding all their cfforti' v^in and that 
 I 
 
 they could perceive no fpark of life remaififng, thc« 
 began to make preparations for his funeral, which 
 they performed in the following manner : They firll 
 brought knives and fbaved him from head to foot. 
 Then, digging a hole in the ground they carefully 
 placed him in a fitting pofturc, with his body and 
 head ere£t, anci hit legs and thighs ftretched out hori- 
 zontally, and prefled down Di.iit. This being per- 
 formed, they propped him up in this attitude wi^h 
 ftones ; and then came a company of their women tu 
 howl over him, who accompanied their lamentations 
 with a hideous (hricking, as if death had appeared 
 before them in the fliape of a monfter, and was ready 
 to devour them. After their time of mourning wan 
 over, they filled up the hole with earth, and covered 
 it over with green turf." 
 
 While they ftayed at the cnpc, the people there were 
 employed in cleanfing and fcowcring the fhip, in 
 Oiifting the mails, and trimming the rigging ; and 
 liaving taken the wood and water they departed oit 
 the 15th of June, having three (hips in company, the 
 Solidnaud the Critfman that came together, and the 
 Ireland that came from Bengal. 
 
 On the i6th there was much feading on board the 
 velTel, the captains of the other (hips being invited, 
 and while they were thus employed (Cowley lays) they 
 were alarmed by a (Iranje voice crying, ceme htlp^ 
 comthelp I a man ovtrbcard! The veflel being brought 
 to, they fought in vain for the drowned perfoii ; nor 
 was there a man miffing on board any of the veflels. 
 On which they drew a conclufion founded on the 
 mod grofs notions of fuperilition, that this circum- 
 ftance (probably the contrivance of fome wag among 
 them) was occafioned by the lamentations of the 
 fpirit of fomebody that had been drowned by accident 
 in thole latitudes. 
 
 They threw overboard an old Dane on the 4th of 
 July, who died the night before, without any one's 
 knowing that he had been difordered, and his cheft 
 v/ould have been plundered by fome of the crew, but 
 that they difputed among thcmfelves about (haring the 
 booty ; to that the matter coming to the captain's cars, 
 he iecured the cffcdls for the benefit of the family of 
 the decealcd. 
 
 Having pafTed Afcenfion Ifland, on the 20th of July, 
 theyfoundthemfclvesin 15" of north latitude. — " And 
 now (fays our voyager) a council of war was called 
 upon our captain. The accufation was, that be h-id 
 formed a confpiracy with five men more to murder a 
 perfon of quality and his lady, with fome other paf* 
 iengcrs on board, and that when the murders were 
 accomplifhed, they were to feize upon their richea 
 and run away with the ihip. The purfer wasr 
 the chief accufer ; but, upon examination the wholo 
 charge feemcd fo improbable (and the man who 
 broached the (lory denying, upon trial, what be had 
 before fo confidently affirmed to the purfer) the cap' 
 tain w«s honourably acquitted, and the villain pu'< 
 niflied. 
 
 On the 2d day of Auguft thecaptain died of a pain 
 in his bowels, and his (teerfman was promoted to thq 
 command in his room, though not without oppofition. 
 On the igth of Septemlier Cowley faw lanif, which 
 he fuppofed to be the Ifle of Shetknd, but the Cap* 
 tain would not be perfuaded, till about fix in the even- 
 ing the Critfman's people let go the flag, they havings 
 by that time likewife fecn the land. 
 
 On the aad they came up with the Ifle of Farley, 
 and on the 25th Cowley fays they had the wind all 
 round the compafs. Before their arrival in Holland 
 Cowley and his friends would willingly have gone on 
 board an £ngli(h (hip, that they fpokc with in their 
 way to be carried to their own country, but tha 
 Dutchmen infifted on brinijiriir them to Helvoetfluys, 
 where they arrived on the firft of 0£lober, having 
 been fevcn months on their paflage from Batavia 
 thither. After a (hort (lay there, owe of Cowley's 
 companions died, and he went to Rotterdam, from 
 VvKcMce he got his pafftgc in the Ann yacht to En- 
 gland, 
 
 \ 
 
 ki'. u 
 Toyag 
 eovcM 
 
 T 
 
MASTER COWLIY. 
 
 \ 
 
 It will be obfcrvcd that wc have here ffle£led tliofe 
 circumflances in Cowley's account, which in general 
 were not to be found in Dampier's, or were not re- 
 lated cxadtly in the fame manner. As to his hiftory, 
 we have no other traces than thtifc which arc to be 
 found in this voyage. He ap|)ears to have been a (kil- 
 ful navigator, not nuicli given to wrangling, and 
 
 i does not feem to have approved of the fchemes of tlic 
 Buccaneers, as he quitted tlicm as foon as he h:id an 
 opportunity. It is to be remembered, that thouj',h he 
 is complimented by fome with the name of Captain 
 Cowley, yet he never was iti a higher (tatinn than 
 that of nialfcr, in which he acqiiittijd himlell to the 
 general fatisfaftion of his employers. 
 
 ACCOUNT OF THE VOY.GE OF JACOB ROGGEWEIN. 
 
 77 
 
 A^ 
 
 S in the voyages of thccircnmnavii;ators, particu- 
 lar notice is taken of the idands in the South 
 Seas, and fome of a more modern date have been 
 undertaken for the purpofc of making difcovcrics in 
 thcfc partf, fo we have throught proper here to pre- 
 feiit the reader with the account given by Jacob 
 Ro;fgewein,a Dutchman, of a newdifcovered ill.ind. 
 _ _ . This navigator was furniflied hy the Dutch Eaft- 
 
 )t"'^uut\'ii" a India Company, with three veflels, called the Eagle, 
 \ovage ot (lif-the Tienhoven, and the African galley. With tliefe 
 ooCciy. he fet fail from Amfterdam on the i6th of July in the 
 
 year 1721, and came in fight of Brafil towar<ls the 
 latter end of November. After a fliort ilay at Rio 
 
 ianciro, the Dutch -.jcnt in fcarch of Hawkins's 
 >and, fuppofcd to lie in lat. 30" fouth, but could not 
 find it, and meeting with a ftorm in lat. 40'' the- 
 Tienhoven was feparatcd from the other velTels. But 
 about the beginning of January they difcovercd a large 
 illand about 200 leagues in circumference lyiiig in 52' 
 fouth lat. gj" weft long, about 80 leagues diilant 
 by computation, from the American co:ilK This 
 land to which he gave the name of Belgia Au- 
 ftralis, is the f.unc which is now known by the 
 name of Falkland's Iflanil. He left this ifle to the 
 windward, and having pafled the Streights of Le 
 Maire, on the 24th came to Ju.in Fernandez, which 
 bting the place ^' rendezvous appointed, Roggewein 
 there luckily f .id the Tienhoven, and after tliree 
 weeks ftay, prepared to proceed on this voyage, going 
 ill (isirch of Davis's Land, but he could not diicovcr 
 any fuch place. * 
 
 Afterwards, being in 27° fouth lat. they faw many 
 birds, and other figns of land but met with none till 
 they h.-id I'ailcd tz leagues farther, when, on the 6th of 
 April, being E.ifter-day, tliey came up with an ifland 
 which they concluded to be unknown before to any 
 European, to which, according to the day on which 
 it was dill'jvered, they gave the name ol Eaftcr Ifland. 
 The ni'iil n markable pnrts of this relation being ex- 
 actly copied iVoni the Dutch account, we fhall, in 
 fencral, give them in .he author's own manner, 
 wherthy the re.ider may he the better enabled to form 
 his judgment 0.'' this difcoverv. " As foon (fays he 
 as the anclicrs were rei;dy 10 drop, we obferved at a 
 diftanee 1 neat boat of a very remarkable conftruiUon, 
 V,-i.. I. N'8. 
 
 ' Tilt O'ltowing is the rt'uidn pivcn jjivcn us oftiiat ilifco. 
 vcrv. Tlic writer of tlie vovayc favs •* Tlicv were f.iilint; frnm 
 ihc(ialli|>at;nsunt!crttie liiu-, to the fDutlivynril, without intentl- 
 in(* to touch uiy where till thcv came to tlic i:Lin(( nt |uan Per- 
 ratMUv. Ill their w.iy tliirlicr nr (ea» in i .1 ilcir. to ti.iti. Liuth 
 lati utile ihfv Mi the fltock ol an eaithijuakejWhirh was at that time 
 fevM.;lv t'>:li at Calh■^ where ;he f 1 a ehUed fo tar tioin thclhorc 
 that thechuinelwa^futliljiilv dry, aiul, rctuiniii}^ with iriendahle 
 violence carrieii the fhips tn t)ie road ahv'vc a Ieat>,i!c up the 
 cnunirv.dcltrovin^ man ant! hc.ill tor ^o Ica^ucsi along thccoalt 
 ami doint; much inilchit^f at I.iiita. 
 
 *• Having recovered from our frij^lit, (favs t-,r *'rircr) wc 
 fltcrctl fouth by call hall caHorlj, til! we ei.itic >.- iititude i> 
 dct! 10 min. fouth, when aliout two hours bt;fw.(. .!.iv we tell in 
 u-ith a tnialt, low, fandy iltaiul, ami heard a grci,; > uut.g noif', 
 lil^c that of the fca Iwaling upcn t\ic fliore, riyiit - iit;ul of the 
 flit)i, wliercupo'i t!ie tailors, fearing tu f.iU foil v: m l!\e tliorc 
 before dav, dt.'-red the captain to put the Ihiji .\i)uut, ar.o to 
 Hand ntftill dav ap|)eared, to which he confciited. So we plied 
 ort'till dav, and ihen ftooil in again witlt tlie land, which pK*ved 
 1 fiiiail flat iiUuil, withuuc li": guard of aiiv rocks: wc t1ou< 
 
 the whole pafhcd up together out of pieces of wood, 
 which could hardly make up the fi/.e of half a foot. 
 This boar was managei. by a giant of twelve feet high, 
 who exerted all his ftrength to efeapc us — but in vain ; 
 for he was furrounded and taken. His body was 
 painted witli a dark colour. We tried with fuch 
 figns and words .as are ufcd here and there among the 
 illands 01' the South Sea, to get fome intelligence from 
 him, but could not perceive tiiat he underllood any 
 thing. Wherefore we permitted him to go into his 
 boat again and depart. Two days afterward,s, the 
 whole lea was covered with the favagc inhabitants of 
 this ifland, who came fwimm.ing round the (hip ia 
 fuch multitudes that we neither could, nor did we 
 think it advifeable to land. They clambered like cats 
 up the fhip's fides, with the utmoft afi"urance, and 
 came on hoard, where they did not appear to be in 
 the leaft afraid of us ; but they feemcd very much fur- 
 prifed at the largencfs and e.\tent of our fliip and rig- 
 ging, and could not conceive the meaning of all that 
 they faw : but their curiofitv was chiefly engaged by 
 the great guns which they could t enough admire, 
 and which they freiuently Ifruck tiieir hands upon, to 
 try if they could lift thein up, a: d carry them ofF; 
 but when tliey found that fuch logs, by inch an at- 
 tempt, were too heavy for them, and would not be 
 moved, thefe overgrown fellows ftoou abaflied, and 
 w. re in appearance, very much outot humour. 'I'hey 
 nil I'ooner came aboard, than wc immediately found 
 that thi-y were naturally as thicvifli and nimble-finger- 
 ed as tne inhabitaitts of thofc iflcs to which voyagers 
 have affixed the name of the Iflands of Thieves, from 
 the great propenfity of the people to rob and Ileal, if 
 they were not beaten from it. Rufty nails, old iron, 
 .and whatever they could catch or lay hold on, was 
 equal to them, with which they jumped overboard. 
 'I hey .attempted with their nails to fcratch the bolts 
 out of the fliip, but thefe were too faft for them. 
 
 " Thefe huge fellows at laft came on board in I'uch 
 numbers, that we were hardly capable of keeping them 
 in order, or keeping a watchful eye upon their mo- 
 tions, fo that fearing they would become te'O many 
 for us, we tiled our bcft endeavours to get rid of them 
 in a friendly manner ; but they not feeming inclin- 
 able to leave us, wc were obliged to ufc harflier 
 Y method--. 
 
 in within .ijuancrof a mile of the (horc, and could fee it pl&in 
 for it was a clear murnintr, not ft^^py nor ha/y. To the well 
 ward alnjut 11 leagues, hy iudtjcmenr, wc law a ran^c of lii^li 
 land, which wc took to he illands, for there were lercral par. 
 titivns in the prolpeft. 'I'hij lanti feeireti to reach about four- 
 teen 01 ii.xtecn leagues in a range, and there came here a iiieat 
 (lock of fowls. I and manv inoic of our men weuld have luade 
 this land, and have t^unc alhorc at it, hut the captain would no: 
 permit us. The fniall i1)and he.irs from Copayjio aliuoil due 
 eal^, coo leagues from ihc Gallipagos, under the line, (too 
 league:,. 
 
 Dampicr fays, " Captain Davis toM me lately, Thar aftrr his 
 dcpantire from Hia l.cxa, he went, after ftvnal travorfe. ,to tin: 
 Galtipagos, and that, ilandinir fre>m thc;.ce luuthvvaid for^'intl, 
 to brin}; ah^t Tena del Fucgo, in z dc^. 27 min. lat. foutli, 
 about 500 leagues, from Copaypo, on the e.iail of Chili, he law 
 a fmall fandy ifland iult by hiin, and that he faw to ihe well- 
 ward of It a longtiaiH; of pix-ity high land, liearing av'.'v ti the 
 north welt, out of light. NoiwithUandinff this defciiptinn, the 
 more modern navigators, a; well as Koggev/cin, base 01 been 
 able to nnd Davi,'s Ifland. 
 
78 
 
 THE VOYAGE OI* 
 
 1 711 methods, and drive tliefe favagcs out of the (hips by 
 
 " On the icth of April, we made for the ifland 
 Eallct Iflani). ,^j,|, „yj. \,o^^^ yn.\\ armed, in ordtr to lu:iJ and lake 
 a view of their country ; where an innumerable com- 
 pany of favages flood en tlie beach, to guard the 
 ihore, and to prevent our Ijndinji. 'I'hey threatened 
 us mightily, by their ceftures, and fliewed an inclina- 
 tion to await us, and turn us out of their country; 
 but, as foon as wc, through neccflity, g.wc them a 
 difehargc of our mufqucts, and here and there brought 
 one of them to the ground, ihey loll their courage. 
 They made the moft furprifing ^jcftures in the world, 
 and received their fallen companions with the utmolt 
 alloniftinicnt, wondering at the wounds which the 
 bullets had made in their bodies i and tlien rhey 
 lialtily fled, with a dreadful howling, dragging the 
 dead bodies along with them : So rhe Ihorc was 
 cKaud, and wc landed in ,1 cty. Thefe per 1) ■ do 
 not po naked :.s other favagcs do j evtiy ptiion is 
 clnathetl in dilFermt colours of cotto.i and worfted, 
 turioudy woven cr ftripcd. But nothing niilbecomes 
 them more f.'an t'leir ea' , which are abominably 
 Ion,-;, ami ii. moft of r.^m hang upon the (boul- 
 ders, fo that hou",'i thii. thLinlclves look upon this 
 as the greateft irnsmcnt, they ; opearr.l very uncouth 
 to us, who'Acrt :■.'. ace jftn .id to fuch, cfpecially as 
 there were in ihem '' eh o> travagantly large holes and 
 openings, that we ■ ■ ' iraliiyput lur hands in them. 
 " 'll'i.s fnr f '■ Ji. v- my nn-: itac will gain credit i 
 bec.iufe it ( is n 'thin,, uncommon ; yet I mud 
 
 dccbrc 'r.it ilK'le f. ' agi'.- .'.re of a more than gigiinlii 
 Gums iliirc. 7'^' ■ *''^'; mcaCurcd, oiu .vith ; lother, t/ie h/i^ht ef 
 fweh ■ f\it , fo ti,:it We couij eafily without (focping, 
 have paficd oftweci. 'li ''.'i; ■ ci thefe fons o.'' Goliah. 
 According; t) th'.T hcY,hi, 'u :' their thicknefsj 
 and ihcy aic :■!!, < "e wirl' .iMothcr-^ nell proportioned, 
 fo that each could have p.iTed for a Hercules : But 
 none of their wives came up to the height of the men, 
 being commonly not above ten or eleven feet. The 
 nun had their bodies painted with a red or dark brown, 
 and the women witr a fcarlct colour. I doubt not 
 (f;iys the voyager) hut moll people wiio read this 
 voyage, w ill give no credit to what I relate, and that 
 this account of the height of thefe giants will pro- 
 bably pafs with them for a mere fable or fiftioii : But 
 this I declare, I have fet down nothing but the real 
 truth, and that this people, upon the niccft infjxjc- 
 tion, were in foft of fuch a furpafling height as I 
 have here defcribed." 
 
 The writer fays that the Gods of thefe favagcs were 
 two large (tones j one was exceflively broad, and lay 
 upon the ground. Upon this the other ftood, which 
 was fo large, " <hat feven men with out-ftretched 
 arms, would hardly have been able to ii rcle it, and 
 befides this thieknefs it was fully as high ;i ;reemen," 
 fo that it fcemed wonderful (thus as fironc as thefe 
 people were) how they could have contrived to place 
 them one upon another." There was a fort of head 
 carved on the top of this ftone which was adorned 
 with a garland that w.as fet fomewhat in the manner 
 of inlaid work. By what the Dutch could under- 
 ffand, one of thefe idols was called Tdurice, and the 
 other Dagc, as by thefe words they addrefs them. They 
 Tlie idanckrs paid great regard to thefe idols, tlapping their hands 
 iiioli. and jumping, when they approached them ; and be- 
 
 ing in great terror when the great guns were fired among 
 them, they applied, as it (hou.ld feem, to one of their 
 gods for ailiftance, (houting and howling out Dago! 
 D,ngo ! whofe fuccour they thought fiu nccert'ary in 
 that time of danger. 
 
 Aftci having experienced a great ftorm while they 
 lay before Eafttr Ifland, they ditp.irted trom thence on 
 the I2tli of April ; and on the 2Cth of May they fell 
 in with a number of ftioals and fmall iflands, amon^ 
 which the galley ftrurk and went to pieces? but the 
 crew were faved, and they were diftributcd among 
 the other fliip^. The higheft of thefe iilatids had been 
 named by Schoutcn, Watcr-Ifland, on accnuat of the 
 fpi ingf and Itreaws with which it aboMiidi."d. 
 1 
 
 Thev leave 
 the ifland. 
 
 There v>»s no fafc anchorage here, and neiihtf jial- 
 mettos nor cocoa trees growing on the ifland, w.is the 
 reafon, as theDutch conceived, it was uninhjhital. Five 
 of their people however went on (hore there, and vo- 
 luntarily rtmained behind, not thufing any longer to 
 follow the fortune cf their companions. 
 
 They palled by the Ifland of I'lits on the 25th of 
 Mav, and were vifited by thofe dil'.igreeablc gueih al- 
 ready mentioned in Schouten's voyage. And on the 
 29th they pafled among a number of rocks and iflands, 
 in latitude 15' 17', from fome of the. latter of which 
 they faw a fnioke ajcend, from whidi the voyagers 
 concluded them to be inhabited ; but they had no op- 
 portunity of going on. Ihore. 
 
 " On the hrit of June (continues the narrator) in 
 15" 47' we came in fight of an ifland hitherto unknown 
 to, and unlooked for . by any European. Hither wc 
 went in our boats in order to take a view of it, and to 
 procure refrelhments j when the inhabitants who faw 
 US approach from afar, came down upon the <hor« 
 to make us return, and to prevent our landing. They 
 arc people of an (.xeelhnt fliape, well proportioned, 
 and comely in pcrfon ; aiul what is furprifing, their 
 fkin is as clear and white as that of a native of Hol- 
 land. They feenied to Ihew a rcfolution to Hay fov 
 us J for as foon as we came near, they jumped like 
 madmen into the water to meet us, and pullied with 
 great cruelty with their weapons, which confided of 
 fpears and lances, whofe points were armed with a 
 very fliarp wood as hard as iron ; wherefore being 
 obliged to fave onrfelvcs, and preferve our lives fron» 
 this hoftile attack, we liicd upon them with our luurv- 
 cts, which mailc thefe lavage wairiors immediately 
 to take to their heels, and obliged them to look out 
 for a place of fafety ; for as foon as they had tailed tin: 
 deadly effects of thefe weapons, they turned their 
 backs upon us, and fled to a high deep rock, which 
 they fcrambled up like monkeys, with ine'rediblc fwilc- 
 neft. 
 
 From thence, being convinced of our fupcrior force, 
 they gave us to underltand, that all liollilities flioull 
 ceafeon their part, and they would treat witli us as 
 friends; and on our fide, wc ufed every means to al- 
 lure them to us, being in the utmod want of :i]| man- 
 ner of refreftiments. Every thing fucceeded accord- 
 ing to our wilhes ; they brought us their commodi- 
 ties, confiding of cocoa nuts, and a certain bitter herb 
 of the tadc of Dutcli crefles, which is found here in 
 great plenty. For thcle we gave them in exeli \ il,j 
 feverai trifles and trinkets; luch as fmall look'ii ;- 
 glaflcs, glafs beads of all colours, combs, bells, and 
 a number of fuch toys of little value, with which 
 they were as well and even better pleafed, than wc 
 were with the cocoa-nuts and h'tter .•-,:. bs, which 
 however were muci more agrccible and ufeful to us 
 in our ))refent con 1 .ion than •• 'd and filvr, as we 
 thereby "njoyed a lemarkabh benefit and amaxing re- 
 lief ag.^nd the fcurvy, which had already brought 
 us iiito a mod depIor.abIe fituation. 
 
 *' Although it api' .ed by thefe mutual exchanges 
 tha I lefe fav;i..'S were t'ot into a good underftanding 
 and ti cndftiij: n'ith us, we li« n difcovcied that this 
 was 1 > more than a fcijjnci! '. eon illation, ferving only 
 to d ( "ivc us and make us t, mo. ^'eafily fall into their 
 fna' s. with whi 1 ■ llain /US inclinations almod all 
 the I. I .ibi'.ants of the iflands Iving in thofe feas are 
 infjiSed : For .as fom^ of our -wpk (in order to view 
 and mdk'. a farther difcoverv •; the countrv) were 
 parting let vixt the rocks and eliJKalonga draight and 
 narrow paih, fo <to the form and condition of the 
 place, they were met by an oldgrev-heaeled man who, 
 although he neither underdood them nor they him, 
 endeavoured bymanv fignsand motion', to make them 
 fenfiblethat they wcie not in fafety, and that it would 
 be better for tliein to return : he pointed to the road 
 that brought them thither; ami the bettei to make 
 them undcrdand the fecret ambufli and the approjich- 
 ing danger, he tr>»k up a done from the grouni' and 
 threw it down before hini. How well l<)tver our peo- 
 ple aujjht to have uiKlerdood from this, thai thofe 
 
 barb.iriatis 
 
 #'■■ 
 
J A d O B R O () G F W E I N. 
 
 r9 
 
 bai barians wOuld attack them fiom ilic tops of the 
 rocki with ftonci, yvt they paid iiu regard to the i'l^m 
 and admonitions ut the good old favnge, but inarched 
 forward, truftiiig to their arms. Thry had not gone 
 far before a dreadful (hower uf fluiies came pouring 
 upon them frojn all quarters, when they Icult thotighr 
 of !t, with fuch violence, that many of our people 
 were theieby lamed and wounded without being able lu 
 make relillance in defending thcmftlvts or driving the 
 favagrs from above them, who had made their ali'ault 
 from too fecure a place \ fo that our people were con- 
 ftrained to flncken their pace, cojitraiy to thiiir incli- 
 nations, and return back with their wimnJcd heads, 
 being very well plcafcd, however, that they had efcaped 
 fowell. 
 
 " Thefe people (he adds) as I hive obfervcd, are 
 comely and well-proportioned in their perf'ins, a«id 
 wear as an ornament pearls of a large die in ihcir ears. 
 About their necks and bodies they wtar as a fingular 
 ornament, the fhells of pearl oyfters. As we re- 
 ceived great benefit and relief from our Qcknefs by 
 means of the bitter herb whicli Is found here in great 
 plenty, and was given us by tlie favages, in exchange 
 lor our toys, ; fo this new difcoveitd idand was by 
 us chriftcned by the name of the Verkwiikings 
 laand. 
 
 " After this adventure with thefe roguilh fav.ngcs 
 no delay was made there, but wc got at-un ur. ' r fail ; 
 .md bccaufethe provilioni leflencd gradually from day 
 to d ly, and tire difordcr, notwithftanding the relief 
 from the bitter herbs continued to incrcal'e to the great 
 !;iii-l of us all i it was rcfolved, in a council of the 
 principal officers, to return home by the Eart Indiij. 
 VVc then l.iy up to latitude 15" 47' fouth, and accord- 
 ing to our reckoning zi^- 13' longitude, being then 
 about 1 200 le.igues from the calt of Peru. 
 
 " On the 12th of June we were in latitude 15' 16' 
 fouth, and on the 14th we dil'covered two iflands 
 whicli wc could not approach near enough to take a 
 proper view of, by reafon of the rough and ftrong 
 
 Vf's' in cu- 
 
 fe.n i but, on the other hand, we had this fatijfaiAion, 
 that the inhabitants (aiiic to take a view of ii<, and '■ 
 kept hovering about the- fhips in a number of boats of 
 fu.h neat and exquiliteworkmanfhip, as is almoll in- 
 credible that any tiling of this kind ihould have been 
 found among lavages ; they being of fuch an ajlful 
 conUruclion, the furniture fo pretty, and thi; form fo S 
 neatly adorned with a numlier of the moll curious rioiu Luai 
 carved fi;^iirc5, tliat it is iiii|)onihJe for the imagination 
 to conceive any thing more cK'gant i and really their 
 cnrved image work (whidi was the greatcft ornament 
 ii( thefe boats) was fo exquifite, that I much doubt 
 if there are many engravers in Europe capable of pro- 
 ducing more curious workmanfhip. 1 he people in 
 thd'e line boats were armed with darts, and hail their 
 heads adorned with green leaves, and their bodies 
 doathed with reeds. This illand got the name of 
 Bauman's Illand, from a captain of that name. It 
 was yery picafant and delightful to behold, fruitful, 
 and furrounded with trees, among which the palmetto 
 (hewed itfelf. 
 
 On the 15th, wc came in fight of an ifland about 
 feven miles in length, lying in lat. 13' 40' fouth. 
 Many of us felt ■ longing dtfire to touch at this ifland, 
 in hopes of procuring (i>me rcfrcflmitnt ; but it was 
 deferred, and we purfued our voyage without landing, 
 in order to favc time, becaufe our miferies and incun- 
 vcnicncies daily increafed, and the diforders from many 
 caulbs increafed alfo. 
 
 On the 18th of July we perceived many ifland^', 
 ;uid among the reft New Zealand, which we com- 
 puted to be in extent about 300 leagues, being under 
 6' fouth latitude, and longitude i66^." 
 
 The commander purfuing his courfe homeward by 
 way of the Eaft Indies with as much expedition as 
 poffible ; nothing farther was done worthy of notice, 
 nor was tlie exiftencc of a fouthern continent proved 
 or difproved by thuli: who had undertaken this 
 voyage. 
 
 ./■'AnU 
 
 THE VOYAGES OF CAPTAIN COOKE. 
 
 t"* /^ apt AW DAMPIER, notwithftandin^ the ill 
 \. A fuccefs he had met with in the South beas, o.> 
 Ir nrturn to England endeavoured to engage the mer- 
 chuit, of London in fitting out feme vclllls, to make 
 prices ' ' the Manilla Ihip, wh«ch was a favourite 
 jirojeft . his, that he thought mrrht (till be brought 
 to bear. Failing, however, in his attempts in the me- 
 tropolii he repaired to Briltol, where he pcrfuaded 
 niiiet«-n gentlemen and merchants to form an alfocia- 
 tion for this purpofe ; and accordingly two private 
 P. ips of war were prepared, whofe oSi.ev.i confifted 
 ot perfon- o ■xpcricnc, or fuch as \\x:t highly in- 
 tcrelK'd in the undertakinff : the crews were put under 
 better reliricHons and regulations, and the veflels in 
 j;cneral b.tter provided againft accidents, than moft of 
 thofc that had been employed in fuch undertakings. 
 Befides I "is, rewards were held out to the men, 
 fuch as might eiici.uragc them to behave with fpirit, 
 am' 30I. was awarded to every failor that Ihould lofe 
 a ii.nh in the I'rvicc. The fti:ps were named the 
 Duke, and the Duche.is. C .ptain Woodes Rogers 
 commanded the firft, ■.vhirfi carried three hundred 
 tons, thirty-fix guns, a,v\ jcjmeiv, ami Captain Ste- 
 phen Courtney had the command of the other, which 
 was of 270 tons, and carried thirty guns, and 151 
 men. The former of thefe commanders was a r si 
 
 • The inflru^tiors of the owners were " Torcptir to jtreland, 
 r.>r provifions, and then tti proceed iinmediarcly on their voy«t?c, 
 iiiil tn fend any pr.zcs they might chinco to take in their way 
 eitltcr hcjiue ur to America. They were ordereil to Iterp to- 
 gether, and to »(\ in cunccrt, and to undertake nothing of confe- 
 
 who had a peculiar art of keeping his authority and 
 prcferving his influence over the feamcn, and was one 
 who had been a confiderable lofer by the French, and 
 ei:ferfp.iiicd a fort of diflike to that people. The latter 
 was ,' Dcrfon of rank and fortune, was of an amiable 
 difpofiti.Mi, and had contributed largely to the under- 
 taking, i'here was on board the Duke one Mr. Tho- 
 mas Dover, w ho was well known for his recommen- 
 dation of quickulver, fomewhat more than 40 years 
 ago, in a little boOK called " Dover's Laft Legacy 
 to his Country") he was fecond in command to 
 Captain Rogers, as was Captain Cooke to Captain 
 Courtney, on board the Duchefs : Cooke was an ex- 
 perienced feaman who had been t,' ice taken prifoner by 
 the enemy, and now ventured his perfon and whole for- 
 tune on this expedition, and Dampiei was made pilot 
 of the Duke ; both fliips being provided with proper, vj 
 
 legal commiffions to cruife againft her majefty's ene- 
 mies in the South Seas.* 
 
 All things being prepared, thu' left Kingfroadon 
 the firft of Auguft, in thf y .r 17c 8, and came to an '''!'' "f^' 
 anchor in the Cove of Corke, on the 4th of the fame'^'' ''"'" 
 month, where they tooi in refiefliments, changing '"S "" 
 fomeot their men, and cnliftin;; ethers, till the firft o. 
 September. Then they '. t fail agai 1, and proceeded 
 on their voyage in company with th^ Haftings man of 
 
 quencc without delilieratingon themittci in a council of odiicri 
 ot Imth fliips." And above >!!, they w»re inllrui:>cd mutually 
 to afli(t each other in regard tu provifioiis,. water, &c. fo that 
 thofe in one vclTel Ihould sever be in want while there was any 
 fupply rciMiBing. 
 
8o 
 
 THE VOYAGES 01^ 
 
 !-oS war. iJiit llay liaJ oi»ly bcon nine days at fea bcfurc 
 » \i • funic of the cruv took occufioii to mutiny< <>f which 
 rircumltancc our voyager gives the follciwiiig account. 
 — '* C)n thr lotli of Scptcmlicr (fays he) wc faw a 
 AS«T lirtivef- fail, which wc chacctl and came up with, Ihc hap- 
 !<.[ t»kvn. p^iuil to he a Swede, bound for Cadiz j and though 
 from fcvcr.il circumllaiiics there was reafon to fufpedt 
 th.it (he had coi\tr.iband goods on bo.ird, yet it being 
 difficult to prove it, and hcini; in hafle, wc difmilltfl 
 Her ilirmiil'ijii her. This cauf.d a muiiny on board the Duke, ho.idcd 
 c.miti .iiiiu- by the boatf«ain and three inferior officers, who 
 "">• perfuaded the men not to give her up. Captain Ro- 
 
 gers confined the authors of this difordcr, in which 
 there was not one foreigner concerned, lie put ten of 
 the niuliiiccrs in iron>, i failor being firlt foundly 
 whipped for exciting the relt to join him j others lc(» 
 guiltv, he puniihed and difcharged j but the officers 
 continued armed, fearing what might happen, the 
 (hip's company fecming too much to favour the muii- 
 iKtrs. 'I'hey had afterwards a great deal of trouble 
 wiili thcfe fellows, who did more mifchlcf when in 
 irons thanbcforc,bv (lirring up thtmcnto rclcafethem, 
 prelcndin;;, 'Ihatthcy futtcrcd inth'"caiife of the crew, 
 and lli-refore the crew ought to rife and releafe them. 
 This determined th? ca^/tain to ir.akc fome examples, 
 but not to irritate them too much. He therefore 
 began by runovin; tlic boatfwain from his office, and 
 appointing an' ther in his room, without intending 
 any thing fa' .litr. liut, on the 14th, this intcrtine 
 ftorm rufe higher than ever; for thenalailor, w itii 
 the bell pr.rt of thefliip's company at his heels, went 
 lip to the captain and demanded the boatfwain out of 
 cuftoJy. With this man the captain ilcfired to fpeak 
 aline ; and, when became upon the quarter-deck, the 
 officer^ feizcd him, and caufcd one of his chief com- 
 r.idfs t ) whip him." 
 
 It wjs by fuch piiniflimcnts as thefc that the com- 
 bination was at length broken. As to the boatfwain, 
 they Ant h.ni home in irons ; the red of the prifoners 
 were rekafed upon a proper fubmiffion \ and the cap- 
 tain even rcllored the petty officers to their places 
 ord..iing them to be obtyed as before, and giving 
 clnrge that none Ihoild reproach them for their for- 
 mer error. In this manner all things were quieted 
 and the two velTels proceeded on their voyage, .llid on 
 the 1 5th, being to the fouthward, and to the caftward 
 of M.ideira, they bore away for the canaries. Thus 
 proceeding, on the 15th they took a fmall Spanilh 
 Pifpiitf jliout J,,^^|j hounj lYom TencrifF to Fuertovcntura, havinu 
 ' ' lundry lorts ot goods and pallengers or l>oth lexes on 
 
 board. " The next ilay, fays our author, we bore 
 away for Oratavia Roail, where we llood oft' and on, 
 and fcnt away the prize's boats with one of our 
 owners agents, a prieft, and the mailer of the prize, 
 to treat about the runfom of her, and to get wine, 
 provifions, and oiher necedaries, for the icfrelhmcut 
 of both the Iliips. About eight the next morning, a 
 boat came from the town, with a letter from the 
 Enjilifli merchants rci-Jing there, wherein thev ex- 
 pnltiil.ctcd with u^ lor making prize of the baric, al- 
 icilging iliat there was .. rec tiade .agreed to, in thefe 
 illanJs, between her m '^lly of Great Britain and 
 the kings of France anu .ipain, which was fo rcligi- 
 <.iifly obfervcd by the latrcr, that they had caufed an 
 Knglilh fliip taken there be a French privateer, to be 
 rirltored ; and farther jirefenting ilie danger that 
 might arife to tiicmfilvn, (living by permilfion in an 
 enemy's countiy) if the bark were not given up, for 
 which reprifals would be made on them ; as alfo that 
 we Ihould be anfwerablc at home tor interrupting the 
 fettled commerce. This letter was figned by the eon- 
 fiil and three capital merchanis. Our captains im- 
 nicdiatclv returned for anfwe.. That having no in 
 firinStions relatm,; to the Spanilh vellcls trading among 
 thofc iflands, they could not juftify rcleafing the fliip 
 on thirir bare opinions, without fome' order or pro- 
 clamation of her m.ajcfty j the Englilh being proteifted 
 there only on anchming ground, and the bark Lving 
 taken on the open feas ; that in cafe Mr. Vanbrugh 
 [who had not returntdj was not riitoied, thev would 
 6 
 
 carry away all the prifon..-rs tiny had, and if thoy 
 [the Englilh merchants on Ihorej apprehended any 
 detriment to the fai-'torv, thn might ranlbm thi! 
 bark, and feck their rcdiefs in lEngland. They con- 
 cluded with defiring difpateh, as they h.id no time toi 
 lofe, and added, lliat upon (ending back Mr, \'an- 
 brugh, they would releale their priloncrs. At night 
 another letter came in aniwer, from the confiil, im- 
 porting, that the Englilh men of war «erc civilly 
 received there, and never committed anv hollilitiis t 
 rnd that it was llrange we Ihould infill on ranfomin;.; 
 any Spaniards, who were never made priloners ii* 
 England or elltwhere j and the governor ilicre de- 
 livered up to him any Englilh prifoners that were 
 brought 111 by Spanilh privaueis: wheiekire he in- 
 lifted that thole in our cuftody fhould be difmifled, 
 and the bark difchar>>ed, on accepting a prcfent of 
 wine in return. With this from the conful at the 
 city of Lawiina, came another letter from the mer- 
 chants at Oratavia I'ort, much the fame in purport, 
 only offering to pay to the value of 450 pieces of 
 eight, the fum demanded for the bark, in wine, 
 brandy, fugar, oil, barley, and greens, to prevent 
 inccnfing the natives againft them, not doubting but 
 that reparation would be made them in Pingland. Our 
 captains replied by threatening to cruil'c anion,'; the 
 iflands, to avail thcnifelves for their lof, of time, and 
 to cannon.ide the town of Oratavia, unlcfs tlicy re- 
 ceived immediate fatisfartion. 
 
 " On the 22d, at four in the morning, we fJroJ 
 in for the fhorc, making a clear Ihip. Hut loon 
 after we faw a boat coming with our owner's agent, 
 and Mr. Crofs, one of the Englilh merchants, bring- 
 ing five butts of wine and other refclhments. Wc lay 
 off the town, took the goods out of the prize, fold 
 the bark to Mr. Crofs, and put the priloners on 
 board her. Thus ended this troublefome bufinefs, ' 
 which being unanimoully approved of at a council 
 of officers of both Ihips, we proceeded on our voyage, 
 and feeing a fail to the welKvard gave cliace to her i 
 but night coming on wc loft her. On the 24th wu 
 crofl'cd the tropic of Cancer, and the Sunday follow- 
 ing |)€rformcd the ceremony of dijiping the men of 
 both Ihips, who had not croflld it before — a cere- 
 mony that caufes a good deal of mirth among the 
 common men. 
 
 " On the 30th wc paffed by St. Lucia, one of the 
 Cape Verd lilands — by eight in the morning came in 
 fight of St. Vincent, and about eleven, anchored in 
 ten fathoms water, within the rock. As we knew the 
 ifland not to be inhabited, we were not a little fur- 
 prifed to fee fome people on (hoic ; and, in order to 
 learn who they were, and what their bufinefs was, I 
 armed the pinnace and went on Ihorc ; when we 
 found them to be Portugucfe, come fnim the ifland 01 
 St. Anthony, to catch turtle, who rold us we might 
 wootl and water here. 'I"his ifland lies in i6" 58' 
 north lat. and in 25" 36' weft long, from the meridian 
 of London. There are on it (luinea hens, ho^s, and 
 goats, and about the lliorc plenty of (ilh. In the 
 worxis there are fpiders as large as little birds, whole 
 webs are not eafil;' broken through, being woven with 
 a fubftance neatly as ftiong as ordinary thread." 
 
 During the time they lay at St. Vincent's, other 
 ^lifturbances arolc among the crew, with regard *^'"^ ' ■""'''■ 
 to plunder. Having an opportunity to trade, all 
 were alike wiftiing to have fomeihing to exchange. 
 On this account tiiere was nothing but murmuring in 
 the Ihips about the effects which had been taken in 
 the prize. In order to fettle this point, fuch ar- 
 ti.les were formed, as without doing any ini iry to 
 the owners, were dc^meil moft proper tor infpiring 
 the I'camen with courage and conftancy. Thcfe being 
 adjufted, all the people returned with cheart'ulnefs to 
 their duty, two or thr .-e of the Duke's men only cx- 
 •xptrd, who efcaped and remained on Ihore. Among 
 theic was the linguilf, who was fuppofed to have . 
 ftayed behind againft his will, having neglefled to 
 come on board, according to the notice tent hiin, 
 ihey, in return, fet fail without him. 
 
CAPTAIN COOKE. 
 
 H 
 
 On the 8tJi of Ortobtr the Alp fet fail for Brafil, 
 but frefll tliffcrenccs arofc imong tlie men on tlicir 
 pnflagc thither i and, at length, as one mode of accom- 
 modating them, it wan rvfulved to find Mr. Page, 
 who was frconJ mate of the Duchcfs, cu fervc on 
 board the Dtikc, and that Mr. Ballet fliould cuine 
 from the Duke to fervc, in hit (lead, on board the 
 Ducheb. Page refufinj; to obey tlie order, force was 
 ufcd to compel him to obtJicncc, and when he was 
 br(iu|;ht on board the Duico, he was .-iccufcd of mutiny. 
 fieini; permitted to go to the head for a neccflarjr pur- 
 pofe, he jumped overboard, with a view of fwimming 
 Dack to his old Ihip again ; but was taken up, tried 
 aiid punilhed. 
 
 They crolTcd the equator on the a7th, and the 14th 
 t>{ November made Lapc Frio, on the coaft Brafil. 
 Coming to an anchor on the 18th at the iflcof Grande, 
 ()ne of the men zoing from the (hip without leave, and 
 giving the firll lieutenant foul language, and threat- 
 ening foon to be revenged, he was put in irons, when 
 his mefs-mates demaniTing that he ihould be relcafcd, 
 or that they Would (hare his puni(hmcnt, feven of 
 them went voluntarily into irons. 
 
 ♦* On the 2irt (fays our voyager) I went on(hore 
 In the pinnace, with a prefcnt to the governor, and 
 to acquaint him that we were friends. At our fir(t 
 landing, they fired feveral (hot, taking us for French 
 but auer\7ards made an apology, and received us 
 civilly. On the 23d, twoof the mutineers were \/hip- 
 ped, ajid put in irons again. On the 24th four of the 
 eight men in irons were rcleafed on their fubmitTion } 
 and two men went on (hore, dcfigning tu leave the 
 fllip, and having bargained with a canoe to carry them 
 to the main, they were, by miftakc, put a(horc at a 
 different part of the illand, where, finding thcmfelves 
 on an uninhabited coafV, they began to relent, and, 
 after (laying a night in the woods, where they were 
 terrified -.vith the loaring of wild be.i(ls, they came in 
 Cj^ht of the (hip, and made figns of repentance, hum- 
 bling thcmfelves in the moft fuppliant manner, and 
 en their knees with their hands lifted up, endeavoured 
 to move compa/Iion. After fome time, the boat 
 vent off and brought them on board, where they were 
 confined in irons till tlie next day, and then relcafcd." 
 On the Z5th two Irifhmen flole aw.iy fiom the Duke, 
 and fecreied thcmfelves in the woods as the twro fea- 
 men had done from the Duchefs. About four the next 
 morning, the watch on the quarter deck efpied a ca- 
 noe, and hailed her to come on board. The rowers 
 not anfwcring, but driving to efcipe, the Duke's 
 pinnace purfuL-d the canoe, nicd into her, and mor- 
 tally wounded one of the Indian rowers. He that 
 owned and (leered the canoe was a friar, and had a quan- 
 tity of gold on board, which, after runningthe canoe 
 on (hore, he had juft time to hide before the Duke's 
 pinnace reached the land. A Portuguefe who was in 
 the canoe, having no gold to lole, would not fol- 
 low the example of the friar, but on the contrary, 
 knowing the tnglifh to be friends, called him back, 
 who, on his return, was carried with the wounded 
 Indian on board the Duke, where the poor man was 
 drcflcd hy the (iir^rons, but died in a few hours. 
 The officers in both (liips were very lorry for this un- 
 fortunate accident, entered their proted againft it, and 
 cauftd the man to be buried on (hore in a very folemn 
 manner. The friar, however, who had lolt his gold 
 was not to bo appe;ifetl, but threatened to feek for 
 jufticc in Portugal or England. In rowing the (hip 
 about the ea(li-rnmoft part of the iflanJ, we cfpicd the 
 Duke's two men waiting for a canoe to cany them 
 over to the main ; and two of our lieutenants manned 
 the boat, and landing the men in a convenient 
 place to get behind them to prevent their cfcaping to 
 the woods, they rowed to the place where the fellows 
 were fcen to lurk. — When the latter fo\inJ thcmfelves 
 befet, they endeavoured to fly, but being intercepted, 
 they were broui-ht on board, put in irons, and fent 
 to their own (nip, where they were afterwards fe- 
 vertly punifhed. 
 
 The principal officers of both (hips went on the 
 
 Vol. I. N- 8. 
 
 at Tea. 
 
 27th to the town of Anj^ra dos Rey<;, on the iniiin j 1708 
 
 carrying along with them their (liip's mulic. They > ,— « 
 
 were kindly received by the yovernor and fathers, who 
 
 with their fervants were the p.incipal inhabitants, as J,' J' J'"',';" J ^ 
 
 they did nut fee above 60 low built lioufes inthelu»ii. An^-iadu, 
 
 'Che governor received them at the guard-houfe with Rc^i. 
 
 to men under arms, ajld entertained them with A 
 
 dinner, fwectmeats, and rum. It being a fcdival, he 
 
 and the fathers afked the Eiiglifh to go and fee their 
 
 Francifcan church, whither they went accordingly t 
 
 and their muficians being feated in the gallery, played 
 
 in concert with the church mufic, ani^ after divintf 
 
 fervicc was over, walked with them in procclTion, 
 
 each carrying a large wax candle in his hand. After 
 
 this they were brought to a large hall, where the 
 
 fathera entertained them with (ifli, fruits, and fwcet-> 
 
 meats. The Engli(li were told that 15 miles up the 
 
 country there were gold mines, more profitable thail 
 
 thofu of Mexico and Peru, but it was obfervcd that 
 
 the Tupayans inhabiting tlie inland plains were a racti 
 
 of men taller and ftronjer than the Portuguefe, un* 
 
 conquerable uiul having an utter averfion tu labour. 
 
 'I he (hips weighed anchor on the lad day of No- 
 vember ; but a tornado coming on, they thought fit 
 to take the flieltcr of the iflanJ till it abated, wheut 
 on the id of December, both (hips failed out of the 
 bay to proceed on their voyage. On the 23d they 
 m.idc an illand in hit. ^t" 25 by account, which they 
 fuppofcd tu be Falkland's Illand. 
 
 On the 5th of January they had a violent gale of Tlwy arc in 
 wind at north-call. " At two in the afternoon of Kr'-;»"'''"i;«» 
 this day (fays my author) we reefed both courfes, 
 then lowered our fuic-yard, and lay by till five, at 
 which time our walle was filled with water, and wu 
 ex|H:ilcd the (hip to fink every moment. We got 
 down our fore-yard as well as we could, and loofej 
 the fprit-fail to veer the (hip, which at lad we accom- 
 plilhed, but in veering we thought we (hould h.ivc 
 foundered with the weight of water that was in her 
 wade. Thus we fcuddetl before the wind, the Duke 
 following, and, at nine, (hipped a fea in the poop, av 
 we in the cabin were going to fuppcr. It beat in all 
 the cabin windows and bulk-head, and heaved the 
 fird lieutenant half way between the decks, with fe- 
 veral mufquets and piftols that hung there, darting a 
 fword that was againd the hulk-head of the cabin 
 through my man s hammock and rug, that hung 
 againd the bulk-head of the deerage ; and had not the 
 bulk-head of the great cabin given way, all we who 
 were there mud inevitably have been drowned before 
 the water could have been difcharged. Our yaul was 
 ftavcd on t**e deck, and it was a wonder that many 
 were not killed by the (hutters, the bulk-head, and 
 the arms that were driven with a prodigious force. 
 But providence delivered us from this andmany other 
 danp s, only one majt or two were hurt, and fome 
 bruiijd, but not one rag of dry cloaths was left us } 
 our cheds, beds, and bedding being all foakcd in fca- 
 water. Next day the dorm abated, and we continued 
 our courfe, coading very far to the fouth, where we 
 endured much cold, by which our men were greatly 
 afpeifled, infomuch that a third part or both (liips 
 companies fell Tick, occa(ioned, as I fuppofe, by their 
 having been wet and cold, being in fouth lat, 61" 48'. 
 On Monday the 17 th by a good obfervation, I found 
 that we were got round Cape Horne,lVrra del Fuego, 
 and the Streiglits of Maghellan, and to the northward 
 of Cape Vilerdos. On the icjth I reckoned we were 
 to the northward of Port St. Stephen, on the coad 
 of Patagonia in the great South Sea. On the 3111, al 
 eight in the morning, we made the ifland of Juan 
 Fornandez, where we defigned to wood and water. 
 In the afternoon. Captain Dover went off in the pin- 
 nace to get tome provifions, and in the evening faw 
 a fire on (hore, which made us conclude there were 
 (hips in the road, as we were alHired the illand had 
 no inhabitants : we therefore made the (ignal for the 
 boat to return, and (he accordingly came on board 
 about twelve o'clock at night. On Tuefday we row-ed 
 and towed into the great bay, and came to auchof in 
 2 JO fathom 
 
 
"TTpr- 
 
 I 
 
 8> 
 
 THE VOYAGES OP 
 
 Altixntidcr 
 bclkirk. 
 
 'f 
 
 . 
 
 l(^ 
 
 ■«■., 
 
 i;o8 50 f.itliom water. All this day wc had ■ clnr (hip, 
 » > I cxpciling a rencountcri but were much dirappoiiued 
 when, iiillead of a valuable prizci wc difcovcrcd an 
 ExirinnliiiAryodd figure of a man, who had been the folc rcfidcnt 
 •ccouiit nf on the ifland lor four ycara. His name was Alex- 
 ander Selkirk, a Scotchman, who had been niullcr 
 of the Ciiiiiue Ports, the Ihip that accompanied i)am- 
 picr in his voyage to the South Seas, and was, as 
 Dumpier faid, one of the bcft men in her. Captain 
 Kogcrs immediately agreed with hitn to be his male. 
 It was this man who made the fire in the night when 
 he faw our fliips, which he judged to be Englifti. 
 During his ftay here, he faw fcveral (hips pafs by, but 
 only two came to an anchor. As he went to view 
 them, he found them to be Spaniards, and retired 
 from ilicm, Upon which they (hot at him. Had 
 thov been French, he would have fubmittcd ; but he 
 chn'fi; to rifque his dying alone on the ifland, rather 
 than fall into the hands of the Spauiards, bccaufc he 
 apprehended they would either murder or make a 
 Have of him in the mines ; for he feared they would 
 fpaio nollrangcr that might be capable of difcovering 
 the South Seas. The Spaniards had landed before he 
 knew what they were, and they came fo near him that 
 lie had much adotoefcape ; for they not only (hot at 
 Mm, but purfucd him to the woods, where he climbed 
 to the top of a tree, at the foot of which they charged 
 tlieir pieces, and killed feveral goats hard by, but went 
 off without difcovering him. He told us that he was 
 born at I,argo, in the county of Fife, and was bred 
 a Jailor from l.is youth. The renfun of his being left 
 heic, was a ditterence between liim and his ciptain, 
 t\hich, together with the (hip's being leaky, maje him 
 tvilling rather to (la) here than to go along with him 
 atfirft) and when he >vas at lart willing to go, his Cap- 
 tain would not rcceivs him. He had been at the ifland 
 before to wood and water, when two of the (hip s 
 company were left upon it for fix months, tilt the 
 fliip returned, being chaced from thence by two 
 Fixneh Sovith-Sta fliips. He had wit'i him his cloaths 
 and bedding with a firelock, frinic ))owdei, bnllct>, 
 and tobacco; rt hatchet, a knife, a kettle, a bible, 
 fomc practical pieces, and his mathematical iiiflru- 
 inent:i and books. He div'eitedand pro\ iuid forhim- 
 ftlf as well as lie could ; but for the tirll eight moiulis 
 he had inuch .ido to bear up againft melancholy, ;ind 
 the terror of being left alone in fuch a defolate place 
 He built t*o huts in pimento trees, covered them 
 with long fafs, and lined them with the fici;is of 
 goats, whicli he killed with his gun as he wanted, fo 
 Ion" as his powder laded, which was but u pound ; 
 and that being Jnioft fpcnt, he got fire bv rubbing 
 two (licks of pimento wood together upon his knees. 
 In the fmaller hut, at fomc diftance from the other, he 
 clrelied his vifiuals, and in the larger he flept ; and 
 employed himfclf in rer.i'ing and fingine pfalms, and 
 prayi'':', fo that he faid he was a better CTiriftian while 
 in th!» 'olitude, than ever he was before, or than he 
 was afriid, he (hould ever be again. At full he ne- 
 ver cat any thing till hunger conftrained him f partly 
 for grief,'an<l partly for want of bre.id and fait) nor 
 <iid lie go to bed till he could watch no longer. The 
 pimento wood, which burned very clear, Icrved him 
 for both fire and candle, and rcfrefhcd him with its fra- 
 grant fmcU. He ipight have had fi(h enough, but 
 could not eat them for want of fait, hecaufe they oc- 
 cafioned a loofenefs, except Cray fifh, which are as large 
 as lobftcrs, and very good. Thcfe he fometimes 
 broiled, and at other times boiled, as he did the goat's 
 flefh, of which he made good broth. He kept an ac- 
 count of 500 that he killed while there, and caught 
 as many more which he marked on the car, and then 
 let them go. When his powder failed he took them 
 by fwiftnefs of foot ; for his way of living, and con- 
 tinual cxcrcifc cleared him of all grofs humours, fo 
 that he ran with wonderful celerity through the woods, 
 and up the rocks and hills, as we perceived, when we 
 employed him to catch goats for us. We had a buU- 
 wnich we fint with feveral of cur nimblcft run 
 
 dog 
 
 ncr;, t» help him to catch goats i 
 
 but he didanccd 
 
 both the dog and the mrn t caueht the goad, tii 
 brought them to ui on his back, tie told ui that bi« 
 agility in purfuing .1 goat was once likely to have coH 
 him his life : he purfuid it with fo much eagernelii 
 that he caught hold of it on the brink of a precipice, 
 of which he was not aware, the bufhcs hiding it from 
 him i fo that he fell with the goat down the preci- 
 pice a great height, and was fo much bruifcd with the 
 fall, that he narrowly efcaped with his life i and when 
 he came to his fenles found the goat dead under hi>ii. 
 He lay there about 24 hours, and was (barcely able Co 
 crawl to hit hut, which was about a mile dilfanet , or 
 toftir abroad again in ten days. He came at Inll ta 
 relifh his meat without fait or bread. He had a con- 
 flant fupply of good turnips, which had been fown 
 there by Captain Dumpier, and had now overfpread 
 (omc »eies of ground. He had good cabbage from the 
 cabbage-trees that grow wild upon the illand, and 
 feafoned his meat with the fruit of the pimento, which 
 is the fame with the Jamaica pepper, and finclls de- 
 licioufly. He found alfo a black pepper called Mala- 
 trcta, which was very good to expel wind and to 
 flrengthcn the (lomach. He foon wore out all hi* 
 (hoes and cloaths by running in the woods; and, 
 at laft, being forced to (hift without them, his feet 
 became fo hard, that he ran every where without 
 difficulty { and it was fomc lime before he could wear 
 (hoes after we found him ; for not being ufcd to any 
 fo long, his feet fvvcllcd when he came to wear them 
 again. After he had conquered his melancholy, he 
 (luTrtcd himfelf fometimes with cutting his name 
 upon the trees; fometimes with contrivances to vary 
 and increafe his fluck of tools ; and fometimes, in clear 
 evenings, in counting the (tars. He was at firft much 
 diflurbed with cats and ruts that h.id bred in greai' 
 numbers, from fome of each fpccics which had got on 
 fhorc from (hi|)s tlut had put in there to wood and 
 water. The rats gnaned his feet and cloaths whila 
 he flept, which obliged him to chcri(h the cats with 
 goat's fle(h, by which means many of them became fo 
 tame, that they would come about him in hundreds, 
 and foon delivered him from the rats. He likcwife- 
 tamed his kids, and to vary his diverfions, would 
 fometimes fing and teach them to dance. So that, by 
 his natural flow of humour, and the vigour of his 
 youth, being now but thirty years old, he came at 
 lafl to conquer all the inconveniences of his folitudc, 
 and to be very eafy. When his cloaths were worih 
 out, he made Iiimfclf a coat and a cap of goats (kins, 
 an' which he (litchcd together with little thongs of 
 the fame, that he cut with his knife. He had no 
 other needle hut a nail, and when his knife was worn 
 out to the back, he made others of (bme iron h(x>p» 
 that were on (horc, which he beat thin, and ground 
 upon ftoncs. Having fome linen cloth by him, he 
 fewed himfelf fome (hirts with a nail, and (litchcd 
 them with the worded of his old (lockings, which he 
 pulled out on purpofe. He had his lad (hirt on, when 
 wc found hin> on the ifland. At his coming on board 
 us, he had fo miich forgotten his lanfjuage for want of 
 ufc, that wc couid fcarccly under(land him; for hp 
 feemed to fpeak his words by halves. Wc offered him 
 a dram, but he would not touch it, having drank no- 
 thing but wat'.r fincc his being there, and it was fomc 
 time before he could relilh our victuals. He could 
 give us no account of any other produift of the ifl.ind 
 (except what has been here mentioned) but fomc 
 bl.ick plumbs, which were very good, but difficult to 
 come at, the trees which bear them growing on high 
 mountains and rocks.. The officers that went fird on 
 (hore were invited to his retreat,; but the way to it 
 being very rut^gcd and intricate, only a very few of 
 them had curiofity enough to viilt it. He had an ir- 
 rcconcileable averfion to an officer on board the Cinque 
 Ports, who, as he was informed, was on board the 
 Duke, but not being a principal in command, he 
 was prevailed upon to wave that circiimdance, and to 
 accompany Captain Dampier, for whom he had a 
 friendfnip. He was very- ufeful while the (hips dayed 
 at Juan Fcrnainlti, in fupplyiiig them with frcfh pro- 
 
 viAons, 
 
 / 
 
CAPTAIN COOKE. 
 
 «3 
 
 vlfionf, and fxcilitttin^ t|ic biifiiirA of talcin)/ in 
 WuotI uiiil water. He laiJ he had Iccn liiow unJ ice 
 in July, which it the miildlc uf wintir iu th:\t climntc, 
 but ihc months ot' September, Oduber iiiiJ Nuvcm- 
 bcr, are inconceivably pteaf.int i the air luing per- 
 fumed with a frngranre thiit chcridies and levives the 
 fpiritu, and ha« a woi\derful eflcd tifun animaU as 
 Well as men, which Selkirk tcniatkid by thrir play- 
 fulnclt and plumpncft. Ilu partijulaily dincttd uh 
 tu a plant nul much unlike fcvcriew, o( a molt gr:itc- 
 ful and rnrdial fc-nt, with \. liicli w^ Drewtd tiic tiM>, 
 v( the fick, and who were thereby much cumforttd, 
 and their cure facilitated. ^Vc gailiend many bun- 
 dleH uf it, and dried them in the ihadc, and fcnt them 
 en board. 
 
 A general council of officers w.is held on board the 
 Duke, on the 14th uf February, when llveral ufeful 
 rc)^ulations were agreed to, and .tmong the red, two 
 inlpedlors were fent out of the Duke, on board the 
 Duchefs, to take .iccount of what prizes ftie might 
 make, while two of her people were fent on board 
 Captain Rogers fur the fame purpofe ) and the pin- 
 n.ices, which had been fitted up while they lay in the 
 bay, being launched, they departed, and palFcd the tro- 
 l)ic of Capricorn, and afterwards had the fea as I'mooth 
 as apund i whereupon the men were ordered tu attend 
 prayers twice every day, at the fame time that ga- 
 ming w.'\s privately prohibited. 
 
 1 ncy now concluded to bear away for Lobo>, in- 
 tcndinp there to fupply themfelves with boats, to land 
 at Guiaquil : but feeing a fail in the afternoon, they 
 gave chace, took her, and found that flie was from 
 Guiaquil, and was bound for Cheripc, in order to 
 take in a lading of flour, to pay for which they had 50I. 
 on board, and nothing tife of value. By the people of 
 this vefTel they were told, thatGuiaquil had been lately 
 burned j that the Jcfu Maria, lately a man of war, 
 was coming thither from Lima to be rebuilt, and that 
 nnother Ihip was expedcd from Panama or Payta : 
 'I'liefc people added, that they had not hcardof any men 
 of war or privateers being in thofe feas. Continuing 
 tlicir courfe after this information, they m.'ide Lobos, 
 and anchored in the road on the i6tli in the evening. 
 •' Here they fitted up the prize, (fays my author) and 
 it was agreed upon that I (hould go out in her with 
 331 men to cruilc in company with the Duchefs ; and 
 with that view, (he (the prize) was new named, and 
 called The Beginning^ Galley, At day-break, on the 
 26th, we came up with a fliip which they faw (land- 
 ing to the fouthward, and found her to be a bark of 
 50 tons, from Guiaquil to 7'ruxillo with timber and 
 cocoa-nuts. It w.is agreed that Captain Courtney 
 (hould (land in with her in the night, and that I (hould 
 continue to cruife till farther orders, which on the 
 27th I received, and the fame evening came to an an- 
 chor by the Duke and Duchefs, in Lobos Road. The 
 liext day the prifoncrs being examined, renortcd that a 
 (hip of 36 brafs suns was expe£lcd from Lima, with 
 the viceroy of Mexico and his mother onboard ; and 
 that they were bound to Panama. Upon this intelli- 
 gence, It was rcfolved in full council to cruife in 
 quell of this (hip, and, if (he cfcaped, to attack Guia- 
 quil. 
 
 The fick men from both the (hips were put on board 
 the prize, wliich was named The Increaft Galley, 
 and the carpenters built a boat while they lay at Lo- 
 bos ; and on the 31(1 of March they left Lobos with 
 a defign to cruife to the windward of Payta. On the 
 firft of April, they tooka laigc (hip of 400 tons from 
 Panama, having 50 or 60 blacks on board, and 
 the next day they tooic another prize havine about 
 lool. in plate on board and fome timber. — On the 
 9th it was refolvcd in council to prepare for an attempt 
 upon Puna and Guiaquil, and it was alfo agreed, that 
 the Captains Rogers and Courtney (hould each com- 
 mand a company of feamen, and Captain Dover a 
 party of landmen : That Captain Dover (hould give 
 the word of command the tirft night, and that the 
 other two captains (hould take their turns. Mr. 
 Vaitbi'ugh, the owners agent, was removed from the 
 
 council on the lolh, on ch'^rgc of killingtlie Indian, tyoR 
 as alio engaging on all uccalioiis to vote with Captain « , / 
 Rogers, and difubeying urderi*. 
 
 The plan for attacking Guiaquil being fettled, on 
 the 12th, the fleet failed for that harbour, and the com- 
 manding officers chofe their parlies, Captain Dover 
 taking llie marinris, and the Captains Rogers and 
 Couiiney two parties of failurs, 75 men in each 1 
 Captain Dampier Commanded the artillery, and wai 
 to futin .1 b(»ly of refcrvc. The whole number 
 amounted to 238 cft'c^ivemen. The Captains Cooke 
 and Fry had the care of the (hips and prizes, having 
 226 Indians and blacks on board, bcfidei a fmall bo- 
 dy of failors. 
 
 " On the 15th (fays my author] we faw a fail near 
 the (liore, and having little wind, the Duke's boat '^ "'[''''''''• 
 commanded by Captain Fry, and ours by myfcif, ""' '"*' 
 made dire£lly for her, Roinu oft' in fuch hade that 
 neither of us had the fwivclguns wc ufed to carry, 
 nor our full compliment uf men. I'he Duke's boat 
 nearing her firft, (he put out Spani(h colours, fired a 
 gun, andhoifted hcrSpanilh flag at the maintop-maft 
 head. The Duke's boat then lay by for us to ccmo 
 up. We f.iw the vefTel was French-built, .tnd, by 
 thedcfcription the prifoners had given us, concluded 
 it muflbc the (hip wc had been lo long cruifing for i 
 which was to carry the bifhop. Our (hips being al> 
 mufl out of (ight, and the Spaniards fo near the coaft, 
 we rcfolved to lay her on board on each bow, and ac- 
 cordingly fell to it. The difpute was hot for a long 
 time, we keeping a conflant fire, andthecncniy re- 
 turning it, who killed two of Captain Fry's men, 
 bcfidcs wounding one of his, and two of mine. One of 
 the killed was Mr. John Rogers our fecond lieutenant 
 and brother to Captain Rogers. The Duke's boat, 
 finding the entcrprife dcfperate, bore away; and fome 
 timc-tftcr, wedid thelikc. But Captain Fry ha/ing 
 put fome uf his men on board us, given us fome pow- 
 der and (hot, and taken in our wounded, I made again 
 to the chace, refolving to keep her from the (horc, 
 and rather than fail, to clap her aboard. The Spa- 
 niards perceiving our defign, edged ofF to fea, and we 
 followed them. Our (hips came up apace ; and tl>e 
 Duchefs having fired a (hot or two, the vcfTcl flruck 
 her colours, and furrcndered. The men begged for 
 good i^uarter, and we promil'ed them all civility. 
 
 This (hip came from Panama, and was hound for 
 Lima, to be fitted out for a man of war. Tlierc 
 were 70 blacks, and many palTengers, with a quantity 
 of pearls on board. 1 he lading confifltd of bale 
 goods, and fome things belonging to the bifhup ; but 
 they had fet him with his attendants on (horc at Point 
 S. Helena ; from whence he was to go to Guiaquil by 
 land. While the French pofTefled this vefTel, (he was 
 called La Lune d'Or. She was of 270 tons burden, 
 and commanded by Don Jofcph de Arizabella. 
 
 After having taken a fmall bark laden with flour, 
 the boats rowetl to Puna, and came to a grappling 
 clofc under the land. 'I'he Englifh fcizcd the jiover- 
 nor of the ifland, and fent a detachment along tiia 
 (hore, to cut in pieces all the canoes and barks, that 
 there might not be any alarm given at Guiaquil, 
 whither the tranfjuirts rowed, and, at eleven at night, 
 were fo near as to hear one centinel call to another 
 for fire to be brought. Then perceiving that they 
 were difcovered, they rowed to the other fide, where 
 they faw a fire made. I'hey likewifc heard the alarth- 
 bcll rung, and faw a fire lighted on the hills. Oa 
 this, the boats came to a grappling, when the officert 
 had fuch a hot difpute about the propriety uf landing 
 that night, that they were heard on (hore. It wat 
 at length aei'ced, that it was beft to (lay till day-light, 
 as they did not know the ground. 
 
 " Accordingly (fays the writer) on Friday the' 
 22d our forces being all joined, we fent a flag ©("^truce 
 with the captain of the French (hip, and aitcther 
 prifoncr to the Corrigidor, who a(kcd him our num- 
 ber, which the captain magnified. The Corrigidor 
 fug^eftcd that we Were mere boys, but the '.aptain 
 replied, he Would find we were men ; for wc IiaJ 
 
 fought 
 
 |l 
 

 IMAGE EVALUATION 
 TEST TARGET (MT-3) 
 
 
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 Photographic 
 
 ^Sciences 
 
 Corporation 
 
 23 WiST MAIN STRUT 
 
 WEBSTfR.N.Y. MSM 
 
 (716) •72-4503 
 
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 '^ 
 
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^MMM 
 
 THE VOYAGES OF 
 
 1708 Aiu^ht Mm bravely in ourepcn bont«, and killed one 
 » » ' or tlic commanifer s brothers, itnd killed and wounded 
 uthiT!) ; and therefore advifcd liim lo agree for the ran- 
 fom of the town. On Saturday the pinnace went up 
 the river after fome vefTeit, and brought fix of them 
 to anchor by our barki s aitd we alio took pofll-tfion 
 of two new fhip.t, of about 400 tons each. We then 
 went afhorc with a flag of truce, and the governor 
 came on bo.ird to agree for the ranfom of tnc town 
 and Ihips i but this not being then concluded, he 
 promilcd to meet the caprnin at (even in the evening, 
 Dut was not fo good as his word. But on Sunday he 
 came off a^ain to treat, and our captain would have 
 fcizcdhim for having forfeited his word ; but hcatledging 
 that it was incompatible with his coming with a flag 
 of truce, was fet alhorc again, and all things were 
 Thcf aittck ">^dc rtady for the attack. — Accordingly, the men 
 tiauiiuil. landed, and being commanded to proceed, they went 
 on with fo much bravery, that the Spaniards fired 
 only their firft volley, and fled, our people preffing, 
 and purfuing them to their cannon, which they foon 
 defertcd, the gunner only who was an Irifbman, (land- 
 ing by them till he was wounded in four places, of 
 nhich wounds he foon after died. Our men then 
 marched in a body through the towns, drove out the 
 enemy, and placmg three guards in three churches, 
 fet fire to fix houfes adjoiniiijr the wood, left the 
 ciiemy fhould annoy our guard, which was within 
 piftol (hot. AH the night they kept firing out of the 
 woods at our centinels, but did them no harm. In 
 the mean time the Duchcfs's pinnace, commanded 
 by Lieutenant Connely, went up the river, landed at 
 every houfe, took the plate, and what clfe of value 
 they found, and had fome (kirmifhes with the enemy, 
 in which one of our men was wounded. In the night 
 of the 25th one of our centinels (hot another who was 
 [>ing from his poft, and did not anfwer when chal- 
 
 Our 
 and 
 
 rented three times, [this man died on the 29th1. O 
 firft lieutenant's piftol went o<F by his fid?, ai 
 wounded him in the leg ; and another o((>ur|mcn v.as alfo 
 
 fliot through the foot by one of our own people ; more' 
 over, our furgeon cut off a man's arm that had been 
 hurt by one of our grenade (hells, which broke in the 
 bnrk when fired out of the cohom. The afternoon 
 W.1S fpcnt in (Lipping oft' provifions from the town, 
 and difpofing all things, m cafe of an attack in the 
 night." 
 TlitSt-.niints •At l»ft 'he town was agreed to be ranCamed for 
 jprct Ml lan- sO,ooo dollars, and hoftagcs were given for the per- 
 kiiii liic iu»n. tcrmance of the articles which were in part fulfilled. 
 While they were thus waiting, Captain Rogers 
 went on board the French (hip, to carry her to 
 Puna, thinking to difpofe of her cargo and fome 
 of the blacks, and to bring down fome pruvinoiis ; hut 
 he returned again on the sth of May, the Spaniards 
 having bought none of her cargo : however, they hid 
 34,000 dollars of the ftipulated Turn, upon which 
 the governor of Puna was difchargcd, but the three 
 hoftages were. kept. A boat came with about 3000 
 dollars in money and plate, and the crew faid that 
 tlic remaining 3000 would foon be fent, together with 
 12,000 more for the purpo/e of purchafing uoods. 
 But conceiving this to be only a ftratagcm dcflgned 
 to keep them till the men of war arrived from Lima, 
 ihcy lent their prifunerson (hon^, detaining, however, 
 the three hoftages, and failed out of the bay, with 
 all po(lib!e expedition. The B^gihninr gMvy being of 
 no other ufe wlien they had better vellcls, they fold tier 
 to the Spaniards for the value of fifty pounds in pearl, 
 sold chains, &c. On board of her they put the pri- 
 ioners, but kept pilot* ^nd a man that could fpeak 
 Englifli, the pttfidcnt of Panama's fon and the hof- 
 tages. 
 
 I'his done, they failed for the Gallapagos, having 
 too men fick on bawd, and among them Capuin 
 Courtncv. Having fallen in with tbefe iflands, they 
 Sfnf on (nore for water, but could find none in any 
 they fearehed, though Cowley (bund good water 
 in one of them which probably they milTcd upon 
 4kis eccafidn. They found, however, a quantity of 
 
 Th> iir,|;lilh 
 
 turtle, large rock-fifh, «n>l guanoes, tlie latter of 
 which were oblerved, iti general, to be larger hvit: than 
 in the Weft Indies. 
 
 A council being holden, it was refolved to run into 
 the illand »i Plata, to water, and fo to come oft" again, J, S,°;f,™ 
 to avoid meeting with two French (hips, one of 60, ' 
 the other of 46 guns, and the Spanilh men of war 
 which ihcy had icafon to believe were in qucft of 
 them. A little before this, they lol^ Mr. Hatlcy, who 
 was in one of the prizcii, having on board Icarcely 
 any water or proviiions, and being without a boat. 
 rhcy never heard of him more ; and with him they 
 loftdvc or fix white men, four blacks, and an Indian. 
 
 Afterwards they refolved to fail for Gorgona, and, 
 on their way, were alarmed with a report of a con* 
 fpiracy being formed among the prifoners and blacks t 
 J)ut tnc former proteftcd they knew nothing of the 
 affair, however, as fome of them faid, that a matter of 
 the kind had been talked of, though not in earneft, in 
 order lo prevent or break their combination, they 
 were difperfcd into different veflels. On the cth of 
 June the Englifh took a velTel from Panama to Guia- 
 quil, laden with iron and other merchandife ; on board 
 of which, amongft other pulTcngcrs of note, was ths 
 governor of Baldivia. And when they came into the 
 harbour of Gorgona, the pinnace alfo took a bark of 
 50 tons called £1 Soldado, which hod on board in 
 gold chains and money, to^ the value of five or fix 
 hundred pounds, defigned to purch:ifc for her cargo 
 fait, brandy, and fome other goods. 
 
 While they remained in this harbour, they plun- 
 dered a fettlcment oppofite to them on the main 
 where they let moil of their prifoners on (bore, get 
 fome beeves, hogs, and Indian corn, and procured 
 certain merchants to purchafe fome of their blacks. 
 Here they fitted up the veflel called the Marquis, 
 which carried 20 guns, fix white men, and 16 blacks. 
 The command of her was now given to Captaiq 
 Cooke, 
 
 By means of the crew of another bark of 70 tons 
 which they took on the i8th of Auguft, they un- 
 dcrftood tnat five or fix (hips had been ordered 
 after them, two of them being Frnnch, of 48 guns i 
 and ibme Spani(h of the fame fotcr; ari that the 
 whole coaft was alarmed with the news Of the progrefl 
 of the Englifh in thofi; parts. 
 
 They next came to 'I'acames, and anchored within 
 the bay on the 24th of Auguft, from whence the 
 Duchefs's pinnace was fent toget water, but returned 
 without fuccefs. 
 
 The village called Tacame* has only fevcn houfes _ . 
 and a church. It ftands in a bay about fcven leagues '=•'"''• 
 to the northward of Cape Francifco. The houfes are 
 conftrudcd of fplit banibocs, and covered with pal- 
 metto leaves ; they ftand on pofts, indead of ftairs, 
 having a piece of timber cut in notches to afccnd by. 
 l°hc men employ themfelves in killing wild fwine, 
 with bows and arrows, and ftriking filh with their' 
 lances, at which they are very dextrous. The wo- 
 men have only a piece of baizo tied about (heir mid- 
 dles, and carry their children at their backs. They 
 are under the authority of the Spanifh priefts, and are 
 not permitted to trade without licence. A letter of 
 leave, however, being obtained, the Engtifh went on 
 fliore to the houfes for cattle, and continued to trade, 
 and take in wood and water till they were fuflicicntly 
 fupplied. 
 
 " In return for the civility of thefc fathers, fayv 
 Captain Cooke, I feiii, as a prefent to the church of 
 Tacamcs, four large images, one of which was of 
 the Virgin Mary with our Lord and Saviour in .hir 
 arms : and I believe Captains Rogers and Courtney 
 alfo gave them fomething to adorn their church.' 
 
 They failed from hence on the lift day of Auguft 
 with the wind at (uuth-wcft, and on The 9th of Sep- 
 tember made one of the Gallapagos Iftands. Here 
 they caught a number of turtle, but found no water. 
 And here alio they faw feveral jars, aind fume of the 
 rudder of a veflTcl which they would have guefTcd to- 
 be Captain Hatlcy's velfd tronv whidi they were fe- 
 6 poratcdf 
 
 KTar 
 dcfc 
 
loff oat 
 
 CVPTAIN COOKE. 
 
 is 
 
 Ti:>mc». 
 
 ttarated, as has been nlrcady mcntioneil, rut that the 
 rudder fecmcd tou fmall to confirm the fu, imfition. 
 Setting Tail again on the morning of the isth, they 
 found the weather cold, owing (as they fuppoled) to 
 the chilly fouthern winds prevailing in thefe parts 
 though the fun appeared jull over their heads. 
 
 At a general confultation which they held on board 
 the Oiifec, it was refolved to ftccr to the iflands 
 Alarias, and from thence to go on .1 cruifc for the 
 Manilla fliip, which they had heard was worth 
 a,ooo,oool. llerlina;. 
 
 They made the Iflands Tres iMarias on the 4th of 
 October ; thefe iflands being then at the diftunce of 
 about 16 leagues. On the 6th they got under the 
 Ice of them, when a boat was fi-nt on Thorc to pro- 
 cure water and turtle, but the furf prevented their 
 getting cither. 
 
 «' Before our coming to this place f fays the Cap- 
 tain) wedifcovcred the white rock which Dampier 
 faw, and took it for a (hip ; on the fight of which the 
 Duchefs let go the bark (he had in tow, telling her 
 to make the bcft of her way to the middle ifland j 
 under the lee of which both the Duke and Duchefs 
 came to an anchor on the 7th and 8th, and I might 
 have been there as foon, had I not feen the bark fix 
 or fcven leagues to leeward. It was fortunate that I 
 came in time to relieve her ; otherwife fhc mud have 
 perifhed, havine neither wood nor water on board, 
 and not belne able to make againft the wind and cur- 
 rent, to reach the land. I bore down to her, fup- 
 plied her wants, and took her in tow, till the 20th 
 in the mprning, when theiniddle ifland bearing north, 
 (liftant about (even leagues, we faw a fail coming from 
 the ifland before the wind, which proved to be the Du- 
 chefs, that came in fearch of us, and was glad to find 
 us fafe i (he brought us water and turtle, and told us 
 there was game enough on the ifland, if we could 
 bear up to it. Captain Courtney took us in tow, tr 
 help us in the fooner, having cleaned his (hip's bot- 
 tom before he fet fail, to come to our alHftance. On 
 the I ith, I came to an anchor, after much trouble 
 and fatigue, in plying fo long againft the wind and 
 current. Seven of Captain Rogers's beft blacks this 
 day left him, and ran away. We continued till Mon- 
 day the 24th, when a general council was holden, at 
 which it was refolved to fail toCapc St. Lucas, to cruife 
 for the Manilla (hip, all our (hips being now very well 
 (itted, wooded, watered, and provided with turtle. 
 Several warm debates happened in council among our 
 chief officers ; and Captain Dover quitted the Duke 
 and went on board tlie Duchefs, by his own free 
 choice. I endeavoured (adds our author) to accom- 
 modate thefe differences, but to no purpofc, which 
 gave feveral of us great concern. 
 
 Of the iflands above-mentioned and their produc- 
 Msriu Iflcs tionswehave thefollowingdcfcription : "Theiflands 
 dcfcribcd. of Tres Marias,abound with animals of various kinds, 
 and the (hores with fi(h, among thefe the fea and land 
 turtle may be accounted of inoft ufe to navigators 
 Of the lea turtle there are various forts | at the green, 
 which are the fweetcft and bcft ; the hawk's-bill, wh^cli 
 are very good ; and the logger-head, which the fail- 
 ors never refule when the others are not to be caught. 
 The method of taking them is by turning them upon 
 their backs. 
 
 *' The land turtle lives conftantly on (hore, feeds 
 upon grafs, moves very flow, and when an enemy ap- 
 proaches, covers itfelf under its (hell, fquatting clufe 
 to the ground, from which it is not eafily difcernible, 
 appearing like a bare patrh without verdure. I'he 
 (hells of^thefe animaU are fo hard, that a man mav 
 tread upon them without hurting them. Their ficln 
 is veryeood and nouri(hing. They will live five oj- 
 fix weeks without food and appear to be never the 
 worfe. They lay round eggs, about ihc fize of a 
 hen's, which are very good to cat. Some of the fea- 
 turtle taken in the bay where thiy anchored had 200 
 eggs in them. Our men lived almoft wholly upon 
 turtle, and their egj{f, from the time they went firft 
 to the Gallapagus, till their dcpaiture tor tli; £aft 
 Vot. I. N^ 8. 
 
 Indies, faving their (liii'-pioufioiu till thvir run acrofi 1710 
 
 the South Seas. ''— •<""■ 
 
 ' At thefe iflands our men caught plenty of fifli 
 called old wives. 'I'hey have very (mail inoutli.-; 
 large eyes, and a high fin on the bark. 'I'lic colour i>i 
 the body is a deep blue, the fini of a lighter colour, 
 tipped with yellow. Otlitr^ are of an ;ifti eoloiii on 
 the back, and white under the belly. Tin: rock-iilli 
 we caught in the Iflands of Ties Marias w.iv I.11 u>-, 
 hail great mottled fins, yellow backs, red billies ami 
 red and black tails. Another fi(h our nun caii:;lii 
 was the cavallo, in (ha|ie not much unlike the dolphin, 
 with a large eye, black back| white belly, and a Uin^ 
 ftrcak from his gills to the middle of hisi tail, and u'a> 
 about the fize of a mackerel. A fniall fifli we found 
 there, about fix inches long, was vciy delicious ) the 
 back was of an Indigo blue, a deep yellow ftreak run- 
 ning from the gills to the tail, the belly while, and 
 the tail forked: it fccmed peculiar to tlicfe iflaiuU', 
 and wants a name." 
 
 Of the animals, the racoon was the moft plen^ 
 tiful. It has a large black eye, whifkers, and a note 
 like a pig, tail and feet like a rat, a browni(h fur on 
 its back, and a white belly. 
 
 Of the venomous creatures the fcorpioli is the 
 moft noxious, its tail is jointed, with a fmall fting 
 at the tip i it has two claws like thofc of the lobftcr^ 
 and its head and feet have a near rcfcmbiance to thofe 
 of the (ame fi(h. 
 
 Among the finging birds found in thofe iflands 
 the cardinal bird was feen in the grcateft abundance. 
 It is a very beautiful bird, with fcarlct feathers, ind 
 on his head the male has a tuft of the fame colour. 
 They arc of the fame kind with thofe we call the 
 Virginian Nightingale i but the Sp.miards call them 
 cardinal birds, from their Icarlet featliers. 
 
 " Among the vegetables we found the maguey pl.:ii'., 
 or filk-grals, of which the Indians make ropes, faiis, 
 facks, and all their curious netting. It alfuyieldsa liquor 
 of which they make wine, honey, and a good halfam. 
 The liquor as it comes from the plant is as fwcct at 
 fugar i after ftanding it becomes a wine and will in- 
 toxicate powerfully. It has thick, juicy leaver, not 
 unlike thofc of the houfc-leck, but grows up to a con- 
 fiderable height. And when it has flood about fix 
 years, the Indians cut out the middle leaves, leav- 
 ing the heart of the plant hollow, which of itfelf fills 
 with the juice, and is every morning, during the fcafon 
 taken out and preferved. Of this juice the Spaniards 
 make fpirits j and it is fo univerfally ufed in one 
 (hape or other by the Spaniards or Indians in New 
 Spain, that the duty arifing from it in one year is 
 faid to have amountc-d to 11 0,000 pieces of eight, at 
 the port of Angels alone. The prickly tree found on 
 the(e iflands is eftecmed a great curiofity. I'he trunk 
 of it is angular, and covered with prickles ; is of a 
 pale green, and yields a gum which the driiggifts call 
 euphorbitum, which is faid to be powerful in reniov- 
 ine p<'>>ns in the head. 
 
 T he vcfTcls failed for Cape St. Lucas, on the fecond Tlievfill from 
 day of OAober at two in the afternoon, fpreadingCapi- St. l.u- 
 themfelvcs, left the Manilla (hip ihould cfcapc them t 's^- 
 and on the 21ft, the Marquis (which had been leaky 
 before) fpning two great leaks and broke the collar of 
 the forc-ftay, on which the captain wore (hip to fix 
 the ftay, and then hauled up aftir the other (hips, and 
 flopped the leaks. Thus they proceeded, having 
 varied their ftations as they judged tonvenient for 
 theaccomplilhmiiit of their plan, nothing of ronle- 
 
 3uencc occurring till the 1 3th of December, which 
 ay was marked by a general confultation to enquitc 
 into the flatc of tlie flock on board the (hips, when 
 it appeared that only three months meat at (hort al- 
 lowance, nnJ two months brcail remained on hand. 
 In this fituation, there being no a|ipvarancc of the 
 Manilla (hip, though the time when (he was expeAed 
 elapfi'd, it was agreed to refit the (hips and n ake 
 the bcft of their way acrofs the Pacinc Ocean, fo 
 as to infurc their paiTage to Juan Fernandez j ihu Mar- 
 quis therefore wanting more repairs than any of the 
 A a tvii. 
 
86 
 
 THE VOYAGES O t 
 
 m 
 
 1710 rrfl, wa< oidorrd into harSour, while tlic Duke aiiJ 
 ^^V"^ Duihi-fs wire tocruife a liw d.iy.'> longer, 
 
 For this piirpofe, Capuin Cooke linre nw.'v fur 
 Puerto Si (rum, and on ihc 15th :ii midnight rMtin-ti 
 the harbcur. The captain prnci-edrd to hiiliticls <ni 
 the 16th, hit firft onlcrs licing to lici^in ciuifin;; again 
 as loon ai pofliblr, but thcCe orders were rounter- 
 manded atterwards, on account of the necitlity there 
 wa< that biforc tlie ftiips departed from the American 
 co.ill, they flinidd rendezvouti together. 
 
 This place is inhabited by about 20a Indi.ins, liv- 
 ing in huts made of houghs of ireen und reods, built 
 like a bowir, with a tire in the middle, round which 
 they lie and llcep. They all go naked, except that the 
 wujjien have ftiort petticoats made nf filk and grafs, or 
 clli' ot i<clicant or doer's (kin. The nH-n aiu llrail 
 nnd well limbed, live by fiOiing and huntln";, and va- 
 lue knives, fcilHirs, nails, or iron, bcyoiHl gold and 
 filver. They have long black hair, and areot adark- 
 bioun c<>mplcxion. 'I'hc women arc very ordinary, 
 and employ tliemfelvet in gathering and grindin:' corn, 
 and in making hlhing-lines. They aie \cry honcll 
 and very civil. They afHIted in fitting up the (hips, 
 anil took nutliing aw.'iv, but what was given them. 
 
 'I'hcEnglilh, at their firfl coming, got fame peails 
 among th<.rn, hut never could fee any afterwards. 
 Signs were made to them to bring gcdd, but they point- 
 ed up to the mount.tins. They ufed bows and arrows, 
 and even fume of the boys were fodix-trous withlhum 
 as to kill birds flying. 
 
 On the 22d of December, the Manilla Oiip was 
 engaged, and taken by the Lnglifh, but the fra.hixT7r 
 prcvcntin;; Captain Cooke wlio was behind the reft 
 from coming up to the aflift.-ince of his conforls, he 
 furvoyid the hulit from the fhore. Captain Rogers 
 give- t'lt following account of the engagement. 
 
 *' At ilav break, we faw the chace upon our wcn- 
 A Minil'i thcrbow, .ihout a league from us, the Duchefs a-hend 
 (hill isuktn. of her to leeward, near about half as far. Towards 
 (ix in the morning, our boat came on hoard, having 
 ktjit very near the chace all nii;ht, and received no 
 tlanuge ) but told us the Duchels palled by lur in the 
 night, and flie Urai two (hot M iiim j but tlirv re- 
 turned none. We had nowind, but got out ei;rlit of 
 our oars, and rowed about an hour, when there fprung 
 up a foiall breeze, I ordered a targe kettle of chocolate 
 to be made for our (hip's company, having no fpiri- 
 tuous liquors to give them, then we went to prayers, 
 and before we li.id concluded, were difturlwd by the 
 enemy's firing at us. They had barrels hanging at 
 each yard-arm, that looked like powdcr-harrrls to 
 deter us from boarding them. About eight o'clock we 
 beR.in to engage her oy ourfelves, for the Duchcfs 
 being to leeward, and having little wind, did not 
 come up. The enemy fired her (tcrn-chace upoD us 
 (irit, v\hich we returned with our fore-chace (evcral 
 times till we came nearer, and went clofc en board each 
 other, then wegavel'everal broad-fidcs, plying our fmall 
 arms very brilkly, which they returned as thick foi 
 a while, but did not ply their great guns with the 
 fame alacrity. After fome lime, we (hot a little a 
 head of her, lying athwart her hawfe, dole aboard, 
 and plied her fowarmlv, that (lie (truck her col oars 
 two-thirdi down. By this time the Duchcfs came up, 
 and lircd about fix guns, with a volley of fmall (hot, 
 but the enemy, having lubmitled, made no return. 
 We lent our pinnace on board and brought the cap- 
 tain with ttiet officers away, and having eicaniined 
 them, found there came anotlKr (hip out from Manilla 
 wiih tlicin, of larger burden, having about 40 brafs 
 gulls mounted, and as many pataraiocs ; but tiiey told 
 us they lolbher company about three months ago, and 
 reckoned (he was got to Acapulco bcture this time, 
 jSie hilling; belter than this (hip. 
 
 " This prize was called by the founding name of 
 Nolira .Si^niura de la Incariucton Defenginio, Sir 
 John I'ieberty commander. She had 20 guns, 40 
 pat iraroc?, and igj men on board, where'f nine were 
 killed, ten wounded, and fuveral blown u|i with gun- 
 powder. We eiiga^juii chcm three glades, in which 
 
 time we had only myfelf ami another mm wmimlpi. 
 I was (hot ihr.Migh the left cheek; llic biilht llruik 
 away 'In- u|i|Hr pait of my upper jaw, and (ruTal 
 of mv iiith, pan (if which drop|H-d down ii|kiii the 
 diek, while I tell i .inil the other, an IriOi landman 
 was (lightly wounded in the hip. 'I'licy did us no 
 great daiiiage in our rigging, but their (hot dilabled 
 our mi/zen malK I was fuii-cd to write what I h:Ki to 
 fnv, to prevent the lofs of blood, and brcaufe of the 
 pain I fiirtViol hv Ipeiikin!:. 
 
 "• Oil the 2 {il of December, after putting oar fliip 
 to ri(!ht», wc flood in for the haibour, which vi'sdii- 
 lant alwut ftven lenguOs, to the north-c;ifl. Our 
 furgeons went on board tlic pii/c, to drefj their 
 wounded men. About foiir in thv altrrnoon,wec;unc 
 to nil anchor, and ri-ceivetl the compliments of nil on 
 boaid the Manpiis, on our fuilden ami Mncxpei^cd 
 fuccefs, nhicli gave us no fmill I'atisfaAiun. \\'c 
 found that (hip in good condition, and reatly to (liilj 
 all tltemcn on board hor were bride nnd eager for ac- 
 tion. At eight in th« eveniiig, y/n. held a Ptinfulia- 
 tion on the two great points ; (irft, What 1'ioiild ha 
 done with the prifimers -nd hofVages ? and nexi, II itv 
 wc (hould ait with regard to the other Manilla (hip, 
 which we ihoupht .it leaft there was a great probability 
 of taking; ? With refpiiSt to the firft, we propofetf (a* 
 the hofta!,'es from (Juaiiiuit were men of honour, and 
 as we had g<iod resfon to believe that the Chevalier 
 I'icberty being brother to the famous M. du Cafs, was 
 the fame) to make the beff term'; we could with them, 
 and let iliem at lib<rty. Accordingly, we put apart of 
 the goods on IkmihI the bark ii to the priie, and tlien 
 otfet'. .1 the ix'maiiidcr with the bark, to<;cther with 
 what remained unpaid of tin* ranfom, for 6050 pieces 
 of eight, and to take ihe clwvalier's bill, payable M 
 London for the money. 'This ihev accejited, anil 
 g.avrusaii acknowleJi^mi nt.al thefanie time, that they 
 tluiu»hi il a ^ood barg.'.in When this was fettled, wre 
 had nothing moretodo th.'.n to provide for our own 
 feciiri<y, and to .look after the otlVr galleon. 
 
 " I was VI ry defirom of going out with the Du- 
 chcfs, ad^ls C:ipiain Rogers, to cruize foi her, but there 
 having Iteen fome reflexions ca(t, on account of tlw 
 Diichefs's not engaging oui laft prize (o toon as it was 
 thought (he might have done. Captain Courtney w.i» 
 abfoliitrly bent on going out with the Marcjiiis } iinO 
 the ofHcf rs of both (hips voting (or this in council, 
 my propofal was over-ruled, and we were finceil to 
 (tay in the harbonr againft our will. It was, however, 
 agreed that we (hould put ten of our belt hands oft 
 bnnrd the Dachefs and on Chriftmas-eve (he atiJ tlie 
 Marquis failed." 
 
 Things being thus fettled, on the 25th of Deeeini. 
 bcr about eight in the morning, beinj twolcngues off 
 Cape S. Lucas, they fhw a tail, d'.ll.int about k\i.n 
 leaeues, which they concluded to be the other Ma- 
 nilla (hip. At this time the Duchcfs was two,-, 
 leagues to the wedward, ami both gave chace. It was ,1,5 '*i"''*'''j. 
 twelve o'clock at night before the Duthefs pot along ij^,,. 
 (iac alid began the engagement. Tl.isveliel fought 
 her bravely for about four glnlTrs, and then Captaift 
 Courtney lay by, to fcciire his malfs, and knot his rig. 
 ging, wiiich were much wounded nnd (battered. 
 7 bu Marquis could not come up, not being fo good 
 afaihra. the Diichefs. On Monday, the 26th, as 
 fofin ;is it was day, (fays Captain Cooke) we faw the 
 .Spaniard's fla;>, and knew him to be the admiral of 
 the Vlanilla. At eight \>c perceived the Duke coming 
 out to us. At two in the afternoon we got along 
 fide of the enemv ; but the wind (hitting, cculd fetch 
 no nearer than about half a mufket (hot to leew ard of 
 her. .She then fired two (hot at us, and we returned 
 a hroandii and a volley offmalt arms, beginning the 
 combat with three cheers. . 
 
 •' Wh.n wc had fought two glafTi', the Duehrfi 
 tame up under her ftern, and rakitl her fore and aft, 
 and then fell a-(Vern again, we (fill continuing hot at 
 her for five glafi'e;. Then we wear> d, and ftood to 
 thewellwaid, to fetch nearer up to her, for firing fo 
 many guns had laid us to leeward. The Ducncft 
 
 Wtui 
 
CAPTAIN COOKE. 
 
 97 
 
 Tl,tveiip«ce 
 the oiIki {>*- 
 
 S Icmi. 
 
 It 
 
 went up, and engaged again very briHtly for half an 
 hour, and then iTntchcd a-liead of her. We could 
 perceive many flvit in her Ijctwc-on «ind and water. — 
 At five wo tacki'd, and raked In-r fore and ;ift with' 
 our ftartviard brAad-ftdr. Ity tliin time it grew dnrk, 
 and wctvll a-fVern to Ipeak witii the Uiiriiefs, aiid to 
 pet more animiinition, we having but thm; rounds of 
 ftjoffdrmoft of our guns loft. At eight, I went on 
 board the i)uchcf<:, and found her muchdif.iblcd in her 
 mafts and ri««(irtc, and hiid fevcn men killed and 
 wounded. Captain Courtney and 1 ai5reed to be yard- 
 arm and yanl-arnt with the enemy in tlic morning ; 
 he to lie on thtbow,' and Ion the i]u;irter) and if he 
 boarded, I wa> to clkp him aboard, and enter my 
 men over him. Being fupplicd with more ammuni- 
 tion, I returned on board the Marquis, both of us 
 keeping clofe under the Spaniard's quarter, and firing 
 euno alt night, to annoy the enemy, and to giro the 
 UuklB notice where wc were. Before day, the Duke 
 joined us. Thochace, iniftaking him for her confort, 
 Mtd'made fignaU all night, and edged away to meet 
 him I otherwifc the Duke could not have come up, 
 there being but littl* wind, and that contniry. Then 
 we all thi«: agroed to f.UI ujion the enemy at once, as 
 fooii M'it; WBi light; but while wc lay athwart her 
 hawfc, thofe (hot that milled the enemv, flew throu(;h 
 the Duke's mads and rigging, which obliged the Duke 
 to change hi> ilation, and to draw up along-fidr, dole 
 n-board her, where he kept up a Warm itout fire of 
 UMnd <hot, all other fort proving ine<Ie£lual, bccauie 
 of the ftrcngth of the (hip's fides, which no other (hot 
 would penetrate : And as none of the Spaniards ap- 
 peared in light, but all kept to clofc quarters, it was 
 in vain to make ufe of fmall arms, except now and 
 then, when a mqn appeared, to obferve our fituation, 
 and to keep an eye upon their enfign. • 
 
 " In this manner, the Duchcfs lying upon her 
 bawfi:, tlie Duke along her broad-fidr, 'Snd the Mar- 
 quis athwart her llern, wc kept pelting her fur four 
 glatl'js ; in the mean time, the Duke received a fliot 
 in his main-malf, which much disabled it -, and, in 
 ihifting, both he and the Duclirfs came clufc back 
 under the enemy, and had like to have been all on 
 board her. The Duke, in endeavouring to recovci 
 his liatiiin, received a fire-ball, which lighting u|>on 
 his quarter-deck, blew up a cheit of arms and cartouch 
 boxes, all loaded, and feveral cartridges of powilcr in 
 the itecmgc, by which means Mr. Vanbrugh our 
 agent, and two others were very much burnt : The 
 Duchcfs, going to lafli tlu: enemy, was forced to caft 
 off, and get clear, for fear of being fet on fire. The 
 enemy fired at us ail three at once, but ilowly, feUlom 
 miffing our malls and rigging, and fometimes hulling 
 us. After lying half an hour along tlie chace's fide, 
 the Duchefs lay by to ftop her leaks, and to fecUrc 
 Ixr forcmaA, lieiiig very much difabled, having 2; 
 men killed aad wounded, ami the rigging much fhat- 
 tcred. Cafitain Rogers ibine time after, lay by, to fc- 
 cure his mafts. I'hen I lay athwart the enemy's 
 hawfe, till I had fired three broad-fides, foine odd 
 suns, and feveral volleys; then gave another broad' 
 fide, and fome volleys into her Hern. The Duke 
 oame up again, and firtd feveral guns ; and both fell 
 a-ftcrn the citacc, keeping under fail, and Handing to 
 the weltward. We knotted fome of our rigging, and 
 Hopped our leaks made with I a pounders. Our 
 main-maH was difabled alfo ; the fails and rigging 
 much (hattcred ; but the enemy aiming to difabic my 
 mails, I had the good fortune to have only my fecond 
 mate and fome others blown up with the powder. 
 The (hip was once fet on fire by the enemy's flink- 
 pots, but we foon put it out. About, eleven, I wore 
 ihip, and dcfigned to have attacked the enemy again ; 
 but f -ing the Duke ami Duchcfs lying bv, the one 
 With a waift in his enfign, and the other with a Spa- 
 nith jack, (the fignals to fpeak with one another) I 
 brought to. — Ctiuain Courtney came on board of me, 
 and we both went on board the Duke; whenswc con- 
 Iklercd the condition the three (hips were in, the mads 
 and rii;:ging being much damaged, in a place whciv 
 
 We coulJ get nf> rr-cniit : Tli:'tif wo cr.gr^p^d the ch.icc 1710 
 
 again we lould |)io]iofe to do no ivni'.- than what we > >— ^ 
 
 liad alre.i;ly I'dii.', wliirli, it w,\s evi.leiu, did no great 
 hurt i liciaiife we eoiild p;ieiive that fev/ of mir (h"t 
 entered her lidis to iiny purpufe ; and our fm:ill anns 
 
 ailed lef' , there liriii.; not a m^'ii to h.- fern ahjvc 
 hoard ; that tlij leall thing in tlie v.orl.i would bring 
 the Duke's ni.'.ln-ir.a(l, and llkrwile the Dii-.h' C-'s 
 fore -mail bv llie board ; eitlur of which hv its fall 
 might carry iway (onic other mall, and to li.wc us a 
 peilecl hull for the enemy, and notliin^; to command 
 our (hi]) w ith : That if we went to hoard the enemy, 
 we (hoiild run a great hn^iinl, in lofin; a great many 
 men, with little h(i]H"; of fuccefs, they h.ivinp; above 
 treble the numher on board to oppofe us, and there 
 Ijcing now in all our three (hipa not above 120 men 
 fit for boardini; j and thole but weak, having been 
 very (hort of provifions : So that if wc had boarded 
 her, and been li'rred off, or left any of our men be- 
 hind, the cni.mv l.y that menus would have known our 
 llrcngth, and then gone into the harbour, and took 
 poli'elliun of the prize in fpitcof all wc could have 
 done to prevent it. Befules, our ammunition was 
 very (hort, having only enough to engage a few glaffes 
 longer. All this btin"; fcriouflyconfidered, and know- 
 ing the diflicully we mould have to get malls, and the 
 time and provifions wc mull fpend before wc could 
 get them htted, we rcfolvcd to forbear attempting her 
 farther ; fiiice our battering her fignificd little, and we —. 
 had not ftrcngth enough to board her. Therefore we fi„cc.i m 
 agreed to keep her company till night, and then to abmu.Ji tlieit- 
 lofc he-r, and make the beft of out way into the bar- ili-nyn. 
 hour to fecure the priec we had alrcacly taken. We 
 had engaged firft and laft about feven hours ; dur- 
 ing which time they h.id on board the Duke but 
 eleven wounded men j among whom was the captain, 
 (or the fecond time, who li.ad part of his heel-hone 
 (truck out with a fplinter, and all under his ancle cut 
 above half through with the fame. On board the 
 Duchcfs, they had eleven killed, and more than that 
 number wounded j and on board us [the Marquis] 
 only two men fcorched with gun powder. — Theenc 
 my s was a brave, lofty, new (hip, named the Vir- 
 ginia, and this the firft voyage (he had made. Her 
 burden was 900 tons, and hi r complement of men 
 450, bcfidcs paffengefs, 150 of wliom were Euro- 
 jwaii pirates, who having now got all their wealth on 
 board, were refolved to defend it to the lad. The 
 gunner, who had a poll at Manilla, was an expert 
 man, and had provided for her defence with great (kill. 
 He had filled up all the fpace between the guns with 
 bales to fecure themen. ^Vcfliatteredherfaihandrig- 
 ging very much, (hot away her niizzen yard, and killed 
 two of the men out of the tops, which was all the 
 damage we could lee done, though we could not have 
 placed lefs than 500 (hot in her hull. 
 
 " Thefe large (hipsare built at Manilla, of excellent 
 timber that will not fplinter, and their fides arc thicker 
 and (Irongcr than thofe of fliips of the fiime burden 
 conftruftcd in Kurope. Had we been together at firil, 
 and boarded her, perhaps we might have taken her ; 
 but after her netting and clofe quarters were fixed, (he 
 valuod us but little. Wc might, indeed, at the ex- 
 pence of one of our (hips, have burnt her ; but that 
 was objcded to, not only from a principle of huma- 
 nity, but becaufc we had goods of great value on 
 board all our (hips. The enemy ha<l heard at M,i- 
 nilla that there were two (hips fitted out at Briftol, to 
 cruife in the South Seas, and th, t Captain Dampier 
 was their pilot. They had therefore provided for their 
 defence accordingly. However, to do them jullice, 
 rhcy fought gallantly, and, had the two (hips been 
 together, it is more than jirobable that neither of them 
 would have been taken ; bur, as it happened, had not 
 our unrcalonabic friuahbks prevented ourfaillnc out 
 ui(i;ether, the chance would have rather been in c.ur 
 favour. Yet this misfortune, inftcad of leading to a 
 lecomillatioii, fervcd only as a foundation for new 
 dilpuiC}." 
 
 Thus 
 
■ limit— jM 
 
 
 THE VOYAGES OF 
 
 Thui enJcd llicir fvcontt nlti-mpt with the loft 
 of fume brave failors, arul to the gicut rcgu-c uf the 
 tiffictrs, who thought by their I'licccTs to crown their 
 fortunes i but who now thought of nothing but re- 
 turning home with what they had iilready sot with all 
 pnflibic cxpcditiun. Thry were delayed by the nc- 
 ccflary repairs of their fliii|>s, and taking in wood, water, 
 tic. till the 7th of January ; after which they were 
 well enough fatisficd to iind as much bread on board 
 the prize as joined to their own ftock« would fervc 
 tlicm on their run to Guam, at Aiort allowance. 
 
 " About this time (fays Captain Cooke) a warm 
 contcll arofc concerning the a|>poinimcfit of a com- 
 mander of the Manilla Ihip, which wai looked upon 
 as, a trull of no finall confcqucncc. Captain Dover, 
 bi'iiig an owner, dcfirod he might command on board 
 her. Captain Rogers, aiHl feveral officers of the 
 council coMtemlud, 'I'hat as Capuin Dover was 
 wholly unacquainted with the navigating part of the 
 bufinelk, the command (houKI be given to Captain 
 1'ry or to me ; but as I had already the command 
 of the Marquis, I declined any further charge, and 
 voted for Captain Dover ; at the fame time recom- 
 mending Captain Fry and Captain SttettontoaA under 
 him, againft which Captain Rogers and his officers 
 entered their proteft. However, on the 9th of Janu- 
 ary, in a full council, it was carried againft them, 
 and voted by a great majority, that the Captains Fry 
 and Strctton fliould both a^t in equal polt in the fole 
 navigating the Bachelor frigate (for that was the name 
 now given to the Manilla prize) and in fighting her, 
 if occafion fliould Kquire, under Captain Dover, who 
 at the fame time was retrained from interrupting them 
 in their bufincfs ; but charged to be careful of what 
 was in the fliip, and to fee that nothing was aAed on 
 board contrary to the inrrreft of the owners and cap- 
 tors. I'lic matter being thus qualified, the nominal 
 command given to Captain Dover, and the executive 
 power veiled in the naval officers. Captain Roeers 
 withdrew his proteft, and tlic council proceeded to 
 the choice of inferior officers, appointing Alexander 
 Selkirk, mailer, and Jofcph Smith, chief mate. They 
 alfo agreed to furnifl) her complement of men by I'e- 
 Iei5ling 30 from the Duke, 25 from the Duchcfs, and 
 13 from the Marquis j which, with 36 Lafcarstrken 
 on board her, formed a tolerable crew of more than 
 100 mariners. This bufincfs being fully fettletl, and 
 the Illand of Guam pitched upon as the place of ren- 
 dezvous in calcof fcparation ; on the loth of January, 
 we weighed anchor, and run out at midnight. At 
 twelve the next day. Cape St. Lucas bore north, 
 dillunt about five leagues. We fleered away forfomc 
 days fouth-weli by fouth, till we got into the trade 
 winds, and then our courfe was uniform. 
 Dcrcrlptlonof " All ihc natives of California (continues our 
 ilic nati c> of author) that we fuw durin^our (hy at Puerto Scguro, 
 Cilitunua. ,iij not amount to 300. I'hey had large limbs, were 
 very flrait and tall, and of a much darker complexioK 
 tlian anv that we had met with in the South Seas. 
 Their hair was lofig, lank, and black, and hune 
 down to tlieir hips. The men were all ftark naked, 
 but the women had a covering about their waifts, 
 made of filk grafs, fringed and knotted. All of them 
 that we law were Ad and wrinkled : perhaps tliey con- 
 cealed from IIS their maidens, for reafons that need not 
 be explained. The l.inguagc of the natives was gut- 
 tural, very harlh and unplcafant. I'hey fecmed to 
 covet nothing that we had, except axes, faws, and 
 knives, and even ihofc .they did not fleal. Their 
 huts were low, and wholly made up of branches of 
 trees, and Itcnicd rather a kind of temporary covering 
 than fettled dwellings. While we lay in jwrt, they 
 fuhfilled chiefly on nfh, and though they made ule 
 neither of nets nor lines, yet they had a method of 
 (hiking them with lances, that was very dextrous, 
 and at which they wire very expert. They were, 
 b^fides, moll excellent divers, and inftead of canoes, 
 jnadc ufc of rafts. They were very civil and inof- 
 fcnfivc, and were ohfcrved to pay great tefpefl to one 
 among them, whole head was ailoritcd with feathers, 
 
 very artificially combintJ, aad whopruli»l>1v wis their 
 wizard or cunning-muii. Some of them had firing* 
 of pearls, or parti-colourcd Ihells fo prettily intei- 
 mixed, that though we had glafs beads and other 
 flkewy trinkets, yet they paid no fori of allcntion to 
 them, but prized their own ornaments above every 
 thing but cutting inflmments. Their arms wcro 
 bows and arrows, with which their boys couM flioot 
 flying. I'hey grew very familiar with us while wa 
 flaid, and came frequently to gasc at the men whila 
 they cut wood and hlled water, but ne^ct ofTeicd to 
 aflill in any thing like labour. They get fiiv^ like 
 other Indians, by rubbing two ftick* together, which 
 (in that couniryj kittdle -almofl inflantaneouOy." 
 
 Departing from this harbour^ the crew were foon 
 afterwards put to fbort allowance ; but, in the articio 
 of brct'l, were relieved by the Bachelor, as a larg* 
 quantity had been found on board tlut vefTcl con- 
 cealed among Ibme fwcttmeats. On the loth of 
 March they mailc Saroua, one of the Ladrones Iftandt, 
 and came in fight of Guam the fame evening. The 
 next day the vcflels came to an anchor in the port of 
 Umatta, at the dillance of about a mile from the 
 koufcSf in 13' 30' north lat. by cftimation. Here 
 they went in, at firfl, under French and Spaniflt co^ 
 lours. They faw feveral of the iflanders boats ( bat 
 none would go on board, till being off the anchoring 
 place, there wiw one fcnt by the Spanifh governor, 
 dcfiring to know who they were, and what they 
 wanted there. On this, the interpreter was difpatchcd 
 with a letter, the purport of which wras, that they 
 were Britifh fubje^ts, driven thither by neceffity, that 
 they wifhed to purchafc provifions, Arc. which if they 
 could obtain in a friendly manner, they would act 
 with all civility, if not they (hould proceed accord- 
 ing to the rules of war. A very agreeable anfwer 
 was fent by Dun Juan Antonio Pimcntat, the Spanifh 
 governor, and they were furnifhed with maize, rice, 
 oxen, hogs, poultry, and other necefTaries in plenty, 
 and at very rcafonable rates. 
 
 While they lemaincd there, mutiul civilities pnlTedciriiitici nf 
 between the governor, the Britifh officers, and thetlicS|>aniarils 
 gentlemen ot the ifland.— They found the variations Guam, 
 in thefe parts only half a point to the eaflward, 
 though in their run acrofs the great South Seas they 
 had it 12° i " The reafon (fays our author) I take 
 to be the unevcnnefs [fpb 'r>idal figure] of the globe, 
 and it* unequal mixture . ; much matter, differing in 
 itfelf as to the magnetic quality { having large and 
 ilony mountains, fp.tcious vallies, deep lieas, long- 
 continued continents, with mighty fcattered rocks of 
 loadftone, iron mines, and other magnetic fubftanccs." 
 
 " The natives of Guam arc of a dark complexion, Defcriniian of 
 not fvj>lack as the Indians of California ) they are in the nuion. 
 general, (fays he) the largeftand beft limbed itKii I ever 
 faw and fome of them hairy and very ftrong. I'he wo- 
 men are ftrait and tall, and in the neighbourhood of 
 the Spaniards, go decently cloathed } but in the re- 
 mote parts of the ifland, they go quite naked. They 
 are laid to be man-caters, and have no fettled way of 
 worfliip, but every one pays a kind of adontion to 
 they know not what. 1 he ifland is plentifully fup- 
 plicd with cattle, and mieht be made the gaiuen of 
 the world, if the Span'ards were not as idle as the 
 lndi.ins ; but as nature fpontancoufly produces fuf- 
 ficient for fuflcnance, they avail themfclvet but little 
 of cultivation. Of all the works of art for which the 
 Indians arc remarkable, the paroas [praws] or boat*, 
 of this ifland are certaini" the mofl wonderful, as they 
 exceed in fwift-failing :very other velFel yet feeii 
 throughout the world. It is faid they will fail Iimm^t 
 /m/km an hinr, " This is furely an ejcaggcratcd ac- 
 count s yet the ciptain of the SjMinifh guard faid, he ) 
 would lofe his head if they did not perform it. 
 
 They left the Iflnnd of Guam, on the aifl of 
 March, fleering away weft by fouth, with a moderate 
 breeze from the north-north-caft. This continued 
 to waft them along for fome weeks ; but bad weather 
 overtook them hy the middle of April. The gale was 
 fo flrong that mull oi their main fbrouds, tiieir flays 
 
 Mid 
 
 Bit 
 
 at I 
 
 \ 
 
CAPTAIN C O () K E 
 
 [Tiliiici nf 
 >|i<niarill 
 uanu 
 
 
 
 fcripiinn ct 
 nuion. 
 
 ^ 
 
 and running rnpcs gave way bcfori- it ; and the yard 
 comin}r by the board, wuundtU tlic tirH lieutenant 
 ill fuel) a manner that his recovery was doubiriil. 
 ** Mull of our fails (fays Captain C<xike] were alfu 
 fplit, but being fupplieO willi new flirouJs by Cap- 
 tain Courtney, I bent new fails, but found the fliip 
 very leaky. I'lie Ouke and Duclicfs too furt'erud 
 much by the tenijieltudus weather ; the Bachelor 
 fplit her fails ) but being othcrwife lloully built 
 aitd rigged, nothing; but running againll a roik could 
 hurt her. 1 had no conception of nieclinf; with fuch 
 buiftcruus weather fo near the line, which proved as 
 bad as that we encountered in furrouiulnin Cape 
 Home, with this difference only, that the one was 
 Bill 'vtither '"'e'l'fi-ly cold, and the other intolerably hot. And 
 •ttliec'iui- b>;ing now eroded by violent winds [which experi- 
 njdul liue. cnce has proved, with fudden f>|ualls and alternate 
 calms, to be common near the line at the equino<itlal 
 feafouj fomctimes lying by, fumetinics fcudding be- 
 fore the wind, and unable topurfue our direct couife, 
 our provilions began to fail. The (hips, hcfides, 
 were leaky, and our men began to be fickly, with ex- 
 ccflive labour and hard living. 
 
 " A general council, therefore was called, in oriler 
 to confider what was belt to be donu in our prefent 
 condition, when it was agiecd to endeavour to make 
 the idaiid of 1'al.-io, or that of Ternatc ; or il neither 
 of them could be reached, then to put inio fomc port 
 of Mindanao. Proceeding thus, on the 2d of May 
 u'u obferved a circle round the fun, nud were appre- 
 hcnfive of more bad weather. In the ni;;lu wc p.illcd 
 by Tnlao, without feeing; it j and Captain Uampier, 
 'ifho h.id been twice in thefe feas b^lore, gave out, 
 that if wc could not reach Ternato, It would be impof- 
 fibk' for us to get rcfreflimcnt on the coait of New 
 Cjuinca, which proved true; yet it was with the 
 greated difficulty that the men could lie prevailed on 
 to fubiiiit to fhort allowance. On Monday, having had 
 tcm[Kftuous Weather, wc perceived that a llrong cur- 
 rent had driven us to thceullAard, and toour adoniih- 
 nient wc found the land in fight to be Cape Noba, a 
 promontory at the call end of Gilolo, bctring fouth- 
 fouth-ead, didancc 15 leagues. Perceiving now :liat 
 wo could not get to the ifuind of Ternate, nor to that 
 of Mindanao, we refolved to make the boll of our 
 way through the ftreights of Uilolo ; but notwith- 
 ilanding all our efforts, wc continued failing amongft 
 a duller of iflaiuls (mod of them uninhabited, but all 
 capable of prmlucing fpices) during the whole month 
 of May, without being able to avail ourfelves of any 
 of their rcfrrdiments. On the 20th of May, we 
 came in fight of the ifland of Ceram, as we then 
 thought, but afterwards found it to be the ifland of 
 Ij'juro. 
 
 On the 2sth we came in fight of a low ifland right a- 
 hcad of us, and about noon,ohfervcdan opening, which 
 when we came near wc found to be a pafllige between 
 two little iflands that almod joined. They were very 
 full of green trees ; and by the fca-fide wc beheld 
 many groves of cocoa-nut, plantain, and other fruit- 
 trees, which exhibited a very pleafant appearance. 
 In a capacious bay wc likewit'e took notice of a little 
 town, and faw feveral of the inhabitants pading and 
 repalling along the fl]ore. We fcnt in our boats, for 
 provilions amrpilots, and the Duke and myfelf turneil 
 up towards the village ; but on founding, found no 
 ground. The natives informed us that there was a 
 bank oppafitc to the land mark, where we might an- 
 chor. Abundance of people came ofF with Indian 
 wheat, cocoa-nuts, v.-ims, potatoes, poultry, and 
 feveral beautiful birds, which they exchanged for 
 knives, fcilTats, and other toys, being very civil, and, 
 to all appearance, honed. I'liey arc Mahometans ; 
 of a middle dature, and tawny, but the women are 
 fairer than the men, havin:; long, black hair, their 
 mouths, lips, and nof^s, remarkably fmall. The 
 women were decently covered, but the men, in gene- 
 ral, were naked. Tiir iflands were named Canhava and 
 Wandiut. But thefc nut anfwrringour purpofe, we 
 agreed to deer fur Uonlou, where wc auivcd on Mon- 
 VvL. 1. N-g. 
 
 day the ir)lh of M.iy, and the firiicdjy Ciptain D.im- 1710 
 
 pier, Mr. Connelly, and Mr. Vanbrugh, wvnt with a >~-v — 
 prefent to the king ol Itontoii ) at the lame tnne le- 
 (|uediiig him to fupply us with piuvilions and to 
 lend Us a pilot to cairy us to liatavia. 
 
 " On the jcth a paroii (or praw | citiric from ti'.i: MiMiro.n. 
 king with one of his nubles on bu;.ril, iiid a pilot to 
 eariyus into harbour. He puton anairol iiiipurtanei', 
 and afkcd, How we diirll come to an aiKJior there, 
 without leave from the great king of Donion ? Mow - 
 ever, he biouirht each commander a pi-ee of his 
 country eluih, a bottle ol arrack, lunie nn' in biflcets 
 as a prefent from the king i as alio a letter liuni the 
 officers we had lint on Ihure, giving an account, that 
 they had been well receiveil, and tliat the town where 
 the king lefided was lar(;>-, w.illed, foitified, and dc- 
 iended alter the Lui(ijh..iu iiiiniur, with a 1. umber of 
 hL'avy cannon. Another pn ' 1 w.is relurnul, and five 
 guns tired by eveiy Ihip ;it the iirII^ iiv.< i's f"J"'o "d* 
 at which he fecmcd veiy well plealid. Our proplc 
 trafficked with the natives for poultry, mai/.e, poiii- 
 pions, papas, lemonf, (iuinea-eorn, dc. ami gave 
 them in exeliange, knives, (cillarSjoM tlotli, and old 
 nails. The people were civil, but our ollic;.TS mak- 
 ing a longer day than they intended, we began to fuf- 
 pect that the Moors had detained them, as they arc 
 very treacherous. However, we heaid fioin them 
 every day ; and at length the Duchcls's pinnace cnmu 
 down with Lieutenant Connelly, who told us they 
 had purchafed four lall of rice, which cod 600 dollar!^, 
 and that Mr. Vanbru,;h was tletained for the payment 
 of the money. 'I'hc next nioiiiiiig it came, and was 
 equally didributcd among the I'o.ir diips, fume great 
 men coming to deliver it, and receive the money. — 
 The town of Uontoii is viiy populviu=, and by it runs 
 a fine river, but it is barred fo that Ihips of burden 
 cannot approach it. About 50 iflands are tributors to 
 this king who gives audience in a chair of date covered 
 with fcarlet cloth, and is always attended by a guard 
 of nine men, armed after the Kuropean manner, with 
 mufquets and fcyniitars. He has befides four or five 
 Haves, who fit at his fctt, and are ready whenever hu 
 commands to do the mod fervilc officcj. Tlic petty 
 princes and great men fit on liis left hand, and the 
 ilrangers dand before him." 
 
 Having fupplicd themfelves with all th.it the town 
 afTorded, and the officers that had been to wait 011 
 the king, being retained, the Englilh weighed anchor, 
 and as no pilot was to be had there fct fail without 
 one, at four in the afternoon. " Captain Dampier 
 (fays our author) pretended to be acquainted with the 
 palfage, and mentions the fame in his buok, hut now 
 he rcmcmbered nothing of it but the dory. On the 
 Qth we came in fight of Solayo, lying clofe to the 
 ifland of Celebes, and inhabited by Malayans, who 
 arc tributaries to the Dutch. Between the ifland of 
 Solayo and the fouth end of thefe are three finall low 
 iflands, and the bed paflage is between that which lies 
 next to Sulayo and a little one lying to the north- 
 ward of it. It is very dangerous going to the fouth- 
 ward of Solayo, the Dutch never daring to attempt 
 it." They made prize of a country veli'el on the- 
 16th and brought her mader on board the Duchefs. 
 He was a Malayan, who came lad from Bonton ; and, 
 for a good reward, undertook to pilot them to Batavia, 
 on condition that they Hiould keep the matter a fecici. 
 from the Dutch. 'I'hcfe conditions were agreed to ; 
 and the vellcls pad'ed through the dreights of ^lalucca, 
 and then deercd to the wcdward, the pilot's boat at- 
 tending them till they palled the lail dreight, and 
 then bore away for Macaflar. They came to an an- 
 chor in Batavia Road, on I'ucfday th; 20tli of June 
 1710, according to the Englifli reckoning, but by 
 the Dutch account it was VVcdnefday the 2 id of June. 
 As foon as the veiTels dropped their anchors, the 
 Duchefs fired 13 guns, but the falutc was not returned 
 till the next morning, when the commander fl-qt an 
 apology bv his buat, and fired gun for gun with every 
 fliip. — Alterwaids the commander went on fliorc, and, 
 havine waited on the Shcbandcr, wat introduced to 
 Bb the 
 
v* 
 
 THE VOYAGES OF 
 
 It' 
 
 171 1 the covcriior, \v1io received them with a great deal of 
 » , ^ civility, ;in<l having examined their cummiffiont, and 
 enquired iihoiit the lurccfs of the voyage, though, not 
 being king's (liips, they would nut admit of their 
 heaving down at Orereft, yet gave them leave to ca- 
 reen at the Ifland of Herni at no great diHancc, and 
 nifo allowed of their hiring fome Malayan caulk- 
 ers in order to be employed in the bufinefs of flopping 
 their leaks. 
 
 ** As the Marquis was in the word condition, 
 (favs Captain Cooke) (he was ordered to belaid down 
 hrlt ) but upon examination, ftic was judged unfit to 
 proceed upon the voyage ; and therefore wu unladen 
 and put up to fale. Wv then hove down the Duke 
 and Duchefs, and found their Iheathing much worm- 
 eaten ) but othcrwifc not much damaged ; the Baehe- 
 Jor wanted no repairs but in her rigging. The wea- 
 ther was extremely hot during our ft;\y at this city : 
 many of our men and officers fell flclc j and I was 
 among the number. The mafler of the Duke, the 
 gunner of the Duchefs, and feveral of the common 
 men, fell a facrificc to this unfriendly climate. One 
 Read, a young man belonging to the Duchefs, ven- 
 turing to fwim, had both his legs fnapped off* by a 
 Ihark, which at the (ccend bite, before we cciuld 
 get him on board, cut him in two in the middle, and 
 put an end tohismifcry. During our flay, though 
 wc had the run of the markets, we found it very dif- 
 ficult to procure proviflons, to lay in a flock to (crvc 
 us till we fhould arrive at the Cape of Good Hope, 
 and therefore were obliged to purchafc live cattle, 
 and to kill and pickle them ourfvlves. All manner 
 of traffic, except for provifions, was prohibited with 
 the natives or inhabitants of the city, upon the fe- 
 vered penalties, to avoid every occafion of difpute 
 with the Eaft-India companies of both nations : and 
 having fettled all our aftairs in a very amicable man- 
 nir, new rigged our fhips, and difpofcd of the men 
 belonging to the Marquis among the other (hips, wc 
 began on the 15th of December to prepare for failing, 
 when I was appointed I'ccond captain in the Duchd's, 
 and Mr. Ballot, mailer ; Captain Pojw, (irfl lieu- 
 tenant of the Duke, and Mr. Selkirk, mafter i Cap- 
 tain Dampier Iccond captain in the Bachelor, and 
 Mr. Knolman, mailer On the 20th of September 
 we repaired on board, but before we were ready to 
 iiiil, it was the 14th of October ; when, about fix in 
 the morning we weighiil nnchor ; but in the afternoon 
 the fea-breeze overtook us, and we weie forced to re- 
 turn. 
 
 " On tire 19th we made fail with a frefli breeze, 
 and at two in the afternoon, came to Java Head, 
 when two Englilh gentlemen came off to us to de- 
 mand the relcafc of a man that had concealed himfelf 
 unknown to the officers, on board the Bachelor, and 
 who was given up without oppoCtion. In the mean 
 time, while the gentlemen were in convcrfation with 
 the officers, a party from the (hip went off to buy 
 fowls, for v.hicn they gave in exchange knives, toys, 
 and other triflCs, which the natives valued more than 
 money. On the 23d the gentlemen took their leave ; 
 and the party that went on to truck for fowls having 
 reported that there were buffaloes to be had for (hoot- 
 ing, another party was fent off to bring fome on 
 board, but tney returned without fuccefs. They 
 tame in fight of whole herds, but fo exceedingly wild, 
 tliat it was impoffible to come within mufleet (hot of 
 them. One of the party, who had ventured to fol- 
 low them into the woods, was furprifed by a tyger, 
 that was within an hundred yards of him before he 
 thought proper to make his retreat ; and he was pur- 
 fuc'd hy the creature fo clofcly, that had he not reached 
 the water, he mud have been devoured. His com- 
 panions fired more than twenty (hot at the tygcr be- 
 fore he went off, and which he did at laft forely 
 wounded." 
 
 From hence they made fail on the 26th, ftecrine for 
 
 Thcv anivc at th* Cape of Good Hope, and arriving there in fafcty, 
 
 the Cape. came to an anchor in 'Cable Bay, and the officers going 
 
 on (hore were well received by the Dutch, While 
 
 the Engli(h (layed at the Cape, itiiir time wn« ctn^ 
 |>li>Yed in raking in wood and water, and refitting their 
 vcrfels. And here the captains wrote their owners .-in 
 account of their voyage, and cxprcffed their inten- 
 tion of leturning home in company with the Dutcb 
 fleet, which arrived, to tlw numlier of 12 foil, on the 
 22d of February. 
 
 Mr. Vniibrugh, the owner's agent, and Mr. Ap- 
 pleby, with fome others, died hrroi many werciicklyy 
 and all impatient tu fct fail for England, which how- 
 ever, they were not able to do till the fnonthof April. 
 Then the whole fleet, confifting of 25 fiiil of Ene- 
 lilh and Dutch tefTils tcft the Cape, aad (leered (vr 
 S. Helena, where thcV arrived on the 3d of Augull. 
 'I'hedefcription of this iflaad by our voyager, it like 
 that of many others who purfucd the fame track, and 
 were douhtlefs well enough plealcd at having fuch a 
 port to touch at to relieve the Tick, and breathe a 
 while from their toils. The captain owna, however, 
 
 that the refidencc in a place fo loaely in the middle 
 of a vail ocean, remote from all communication witK 
 the world, has rather the appearance of living in 
 exile than in a laud of freedom." Were fome ot' 
 thofe who have written in fuch a romantic manner of 
 the beauties of ibis ille to rcfide oh it a twelvemonth* 
 inflead of remaining iliere only a few days to refreflt 
 themfclvcs, it is probable they would give its ano- 
 ther ibrt of defcripiion of a place, of which may bo 
 truly afTcrted what the Romans once faid of Britain, 
 " 'I'hat it is entirely drvided from the red of the ha- 
 bitable world." 
 
 The fleet left Santa Helena on the fird of May, 
 and made the ifland of Afccnfion on the 7th of the 
 I'.imc month. On the 27th tw* Dutch faiiors dying, 
 WHO committed to the ocean. About this time, all 
 the flag-diips (truck their flngs ; and the admiral 
 hoided a broad pcnd.-iiit. This was done, that if iU» 
 enemy fhould conic in fight, they might be taken for 
 a fqu.idriin of Dutch men of war. 
 
 i'hus they proceeded, without any thing remark- 
 able happening, except a mutiny, for which two 
 Dutchmen who were the ring-leaders were whipped 
 and put in irons ; and the Bachelor's pinnace having 
 her back broken on the 26th of June by the fliip 
 running fuul of her ; but all on board were Cived.— 
 The fleet failed on till they came into 60° of north la- 
 titude, " where (fays our author) we had no night, 
 but cold, driz7.Ting weather, yet nothing to compare 
 to the cold in the fame latitude fouth, in going round 
 Cape Home, for there the cold was (o intenfe, that 
 many of our men fickciicd ; yet wc were here and at 
 Cape Home much .ihuiit the fame time, allowing for 
 the difference of the climates. 
 
 " (111 till; 14th (continues he) we came in (ight of 
 Bcra, and fpoke with a Danifh (nip bound to Dublin, 
 which informed us that the war dill continued, and 
 that he had fpuken a day or two before, with a fqua- 
 dron of Dutch men of war, and three viAualiers, 
 lying off the ifland tn wait for us j fo that by keep- 
 ing between that and Fair Ifland, wc could not pol- 
 fibfy mifs of feeing them. The next day we came in 
 fight of them ; when all the fleet falutea the commo- 
 dore, and he made the fienal for all the commanders to 
 come on board of him for failing orders. The Cap- 
 tains Courtney and Dover went accoMingly, and were 
 well received, and given to underdand that they might 
 he fupplied with what provifions they dood in need 
 of, on payi.ig for the fame, having, he faid, brought 
 vi£luals from Holland for the purpole. We lay off 
 Shetland fome days, and caught ling and cod in ibund- 
 dance ; during which time the Shetlandcrs came r<fl% 
 to us; and brought fowls and (heep, which we pur-' 
 chafed at a much cheaper rate than of our Dutch 
 vifluallcrs. 
 
 '* At length our (hip's company grew fickly, hav- 
 ing been more than three months in our paffagc from 
 the Cape to this place, and we were bcfides very pcev- 
 i(h and quarellbmc among ourHlves ; now we came 
 nearhomc, jcaloufies arofe about ember. 7.lements. The 
 •igcnts had been to the Duke, to demand the gold-, 
 
 plate. 
 
CLIPPERTON AND SHEI. VOCK!. 
 
 ^i 
 
 plate, pearl, ami jeweU on bnnnl ) and they returned 
 not very well fatisficd with tlieir reception. But, 
 while tlicfe diTputcs were at their height, order* Were 
 given to fet luil. In the mean timC| letter!) were 
 (tifpatched to London and Amilerdam, acquainting 
 our owners with our progref!!, and prefent Atuation, 
 and deflring their inftruitions, to regulate our future 
 proceedings,' — In confequence of thefe difpatches, 
 the writer lays, '• A general letter was received from 
 our owners, dated Briftol, June 6, 1710, in which 
 they acquainted us, 'I'hat the Kaft India Company 
 was incenlcd againlt u>, and had appointed a lecrut 
 committee to infpeA their charter, as to privileges ; 
 and that they were refolvcd to take all advantages, 
 in cafe of the lead infringement of what they pre- 
 tended to be their exclufive right of trading to the 
 £aft Indies. I'his letter likewife recommended the 
 greati'ft caution, on our part, with regard to the 
 Dutch Eaft Indi^ Company ) or elfc from that as well 
 as from our own, they had rcafon to fear all poflible 
 obftruAion. It was, therefore, moft ftrifily enjoined. 
 That neither officer nor failor fliould, on any pretence 
 whatfoever, be fullered to take any goods on (hore, nor 
 Were we to allow any ftranger to come on board to 
 purchafe the leaft trifle, for that if any fuch thing 
 Ihould be proved, the whole cargo would be forfeited. 
 It was a creat relief to us, when, on the 5th of Auguft, 
 Mr. HolTidge, one of our principal owners, came on 
 board us ; for though we kept the (IriAeft watch, it 
 was hardly poflible to prevent the failors from run- 
 ning things afliore in the night. On this gentleman's 
 arrival, it was judged neceflary to draw up a ftiort 
 
 (l> 
 
 accniiMt of our voyajic from the journ;ils of the rc- 
 ipcitivc comnianilcrs i to v. Iiiih iill tin; ofliciisand 
 moll of the ftaniiii v<iliint:<rily fwoic and (tt their 
 hands." It was not till the ^oth of September that 
 the EnElilb failed from the 'I'excl, uiiikr convoy nf 
 the Eliex, Canterbiiiy, Malv.ay, and DulliJgc, niiJ 
 iinriiorcd in the Downs, on the ad of Ottober, 171 1. 
 Ihc produce of ihe cargo and tieafurc in tito lh\\i Mas 
 fuppolcd to amount to near 400,000!. and alter law- 
 I'uits and every oilier kind of trouble and exjKiicf, 
 170,0001. clear remained. 
 
 Mr. Hatlry wliom they had loft with his little crew 
 near the Gallapagns illand was fuppol'ul with ihim 
 to have pcrilhed, but it fell out otherwife ; they m:i('a 
 direAly for the main, and coming to Cape Pafl'ao 
 they furremlercd themlclvcs to the enemy. The per- 
 fons to whom they fubmittcd were not European 
 Spainiards, and had no ideas of the laws of nation.) 
 (laws which thouu;h originating in peace, are ftill 
 preferved by civilifed |)eople amidlt the horrors of war). 
 'I'hefe half Chriftians whipped their prifoner!i,and with 
 their tortures would probably have ended their lives ( 
 but that the Snanifh pried interfering, rcfcued them, 
 and thus ended their lufFerings. Mr. Hatley being 
 afterwards carried to a Spaniui feltlcmcnt was civilly 
 treated, and was fet fet at liberty as foon as peace was 
 proclaimed between the two nations.— 
 
 Such was the end of this expedition, which, though 
 greater matters might have been expe<£ted, yet all 
 things conAdered, it muft be confcfled that the com- 
 manders did whatever lay in their power to promote 
 tlie buftnefs, and to benefit their country. 
 
 1711 
 
 THE VOYAGES OF THE CAPTAINS CLIPPERTON AND SHELVOCK. 
 
 THE voyageof the Captains Rogers, Courtney, and 
 Cooke, which we nave juft related, though not 
 crowned with all the fuccefs which they at one time 
 expe£led, was yet fo advantageous to thofe concerned 
 in it, that it revived the fpirit of privateering, and 
 gave rife to the undertaking which we arc about to 
 treat, and for which the perfons concerned took oc- 
 cafion from a war fubfifting between the emperor and 
 Spain, to apply to the Imperial court for a commif- 
 fion to countenance an expedition, which they meant 
 to fit out againft the Spaniards, who were not at 
 that time in aAual war with England. 
 
 The perfon who was (irft thought on to command 
 the veflels prepared for this purpofe, was Captain 
 George Shelvock, who had been thirty years in the 
 royal navy, wherein he had arrived at the rank of firft 
 lieutenant. He was politic in his manners, and ap- 
 pearance, was of a winning addrcfs, but not infenfible 
 of hit own merit. It is probable if he had been 
 finally intrufted with the command, as at firft intend- 
 ed, the voyage might have proved a fortunate one i 
 but icveral concurring circumftances intervened to 
 alter the difBofition of it, and in confequence the 
 main intantion of thofe concerned was defeated, as 
 will be feen in the fequcl. 
 
 The captain received orders to repair to Oflcnd, 
 with the Speedwell, and there, as foon as the com- 
 mifBon was obtained, to take on board the proper 
 compliment of Flemings, which were to give colour 
 to the expedition, and then to join the Succefs, which 
 lay in the Downs, under the command of Captain 
 Mitcbel. The names of the (hips were alfo to be 
 changed { the Succefs was to be called the Prince 
 Eueene, and the Speedwell the Starenberg. 
 
 Captain Shelvock had orders to lay in fuch a 
 quantity of fpirituous liquors as he ihould judge fuf- 
 hcient for the ufe of both Ibips. In the fiillilfing of 
 their commilGon it leems, however, that the captain 
 did not aA intircly to tW fatisf^lion of the owners. 
 
 who thought the voyasc alrciidy too long delayed. t'/'Q* 
 And when the FIcmim foldiers arrived, they were 
 found fo infolent, that it was judged proper to return 
 the imperial coinmiflion, and to proceed without 
 them. 
 
 The plan of the voyage being thus .ilccred the 
 owners next determined to lay afiJe the dcfign of con- 
 ftituting Captain Shelvock the commander in chief. 
 By this time war with Spain was declared, and as tS.y 
 conceived no other accumplifhment neceflary thai '<:.'(: 
 of knowing the buflnefs whereon he was to nccmp.^v 
 cd, and having an acquaintance with the wcftern coai; 
 of America, they caft their eyes upon Captain Clip- 
 perton (orClippington), To this man, a rough, blunt 
 failor, known to fome of the owners, and recom- 
 mended by other merchants, they refolvcd to intruft 
 the condufi of the expedition. Captain Shelvock, 
 however, was continued captain of the Speedwell, 
 Captain Mitchel was appointed fecond in command 
 to Captain Clipperton, and Mr. Hatley fecond Cap- 
 tain to the fuperfeded commander. 
 
 Unanimity was ftrongly reconimcndc<l in their in- 
 ftruflions, tnoiigh the very bafis of it fecmcd to be 
 removed by this proceeding, and diflcnlions arofc be- 
 tween them before they quitted England. The veflels, 
 however, (after waiting three months for fair wea- 
 ther at Plymouth) fet fail on the 13th of February, Clipperton 
 Captain Clipperton's ftiip, callcil the Succefs, carried""''^'"'""'' 
 36 guns and 180 men, and the Speedwell, Captain , J/ ™"^ 
 Shelvock's veflcl carried 24 cuns and 106 men. The 
 latter of thefe Ihips had on board the whole ftock of 
 liquors, whilft her confort h.-id almoll all the other 
 ftores neceflary .'or the voyage. Frcfli gales, fqualls, 
 and rain, accompanied them after they left the Chan- 
 nel. And on the 19th a ftorm began which obliged 
 both the ve/Tels to take in their top-fails. Cajitain 
 Shelvock, it feems, had fpokcn with Clipperton, and 
 defired him to take fome of the liquor on board, that 
 he might ftrikc down fome of the guns into his hold, 
 
 which 
 
♦» 
 
 THE V () Y A CJ F. S O K 
 
 I7><) 
 
 Cinary Iflci 
 
 which he r.iiJ wouUI enable him to fail better, lint 
 tins his ilclirc wai nut attended tn. On the 20th » 
 li^'Miil was niadu for the Spc'cdwcll lu btinj; to, which 
 WM obeyed, and the vvllils were under their bare 
 Arifc|>ar<uJ. poles by about eleven at night. On the iOth, how- 
 ever, in the afternoon, thc~ llorm abalin);, tha (hi|is 
 iinaeciiuntably fepvated, Clippcrton, when he mail.; 
 fail, (leering S. by V,. and Shclvoeic N. \V. By thi-. 
 Ilran^c management, which each comni.uuler aftei- 
 wardi laid to tlic charge of the other, Clippcrton was 
 hit to proceed on his voyage without lii|Ui>rs and 
 without his cwnl'ort. 'I'hus lituale, he rcfolved to 
 iteer fur the Canaries, the place of rendezvous agreed 
 on bctu'ciii them, and having taken in wine at Uo- 
 niera and cruiled about ten Jays near the iflands, he 
 dcparteil fur thofc of Cape Verd, and anchored on the 
 2ill at Si. Vincent. 
 
 I'he Canaries, of which wc have fo often fpokcn, arc 
 fuppolinl to have been denominated the Fortunate 
 Iflands, by the ancients, on account of their fertility. 
 They are eight in number, and the largeft of them, 
 called CJreat Canary, is far diiUnt from the others. 
 It contains 9000 inhabitants, and is the feat of the 
 bilhop, the council royal, and the inquifition. 'I'here 
 is n mountain on the I'tnerilV called the Hike of Te- 
 ncritF, tllccmcti to be one of the liiiiheik in the world. 
 It IS reckoned three days journey to the top of it, which 
 is generally covered with fnow. The in<nd of Fer- 
 ro IS one of the larger ifles ) but there is no water to 
 bt found on it, except in tew places, by thcfea-fide ; 
 10 fupply this want, however, in fome meafurc, there 
 is a Ibrt of tree in almolt all parts of the ifland, which 
 is prelly large, is full of leaves that arc always green, 
 and covered with a little cloud that wets the leaves with 
 ilsdew,lo that a finedewdrops from it into little pails, 
 wherein it is caught by the inhabitants, and is fufficienc 
 ill quantitv to water the cattle as well as fupply the 
 peoi>ie. iMiefe irtands were called Canaries, or Dog- 
 lllands, by the Spaniards, who on firft difcovcring 
 them, in 1+02, found no other creatures upon the 
 land. They abound with wine, which is tranfported 
 into all parts of the world. 
 
 Clipperton cruifed ten days likewifc about the 
 Cape Verd IHands, but feeing no probability of meet- 
 ing with his confort, he departed : And it was after- 
 >vards with difficulty that he prevailed on his men to 
 continue on the voyage to the Streights without the 
 affillanceof fpirituous liquors to comfort them in their 
 courfe. — Thcfc iflands arc generally fuppofed to be de- 
 nominated from the Green Cape of Africa, which is 
 tippofite to them ; others think they were called the 
 Green Iflands, on account of the furrounding fea 
 being covered l"o thick with a green herb, that the wa- 
 ter can ftarcelv be fecn j and it recjuiresa flrong wind 
 to carry a vellcl thiough it. This weed produces a 
 berry, fomtwhat like white goofeberries, whence it 
 tomes is uii.iccoiiiitable ; it cannot arifc from the 
 bottom, as the lia is there unfathomable, and the 
 nei"hbuurini; lands viiKls no fuch produrtion. 
 
 'if'hcy left'St. Viiicijit's on the firft of April, and 
 bv the 2gih of May found thcmfclvcs in 52" 15' of 
 foutli latitude, bein^ then oft" Cape Virgin in the 
 north point of tiu: cntiance of the Maghcllanic 
 llreights, into whicii they failed the next day, atid fent 
 their pinnate alhore on the main to get frcfh water 
 from a river whicli was then frozen up. Here they 
 faw flocks of geeic and ducks, but all appeared very 
 Qw. The furgeoii's male having been left on fliorc by 
 accident for one night, was brought on board the next 
 morning alnioft dead with cold. Anchoring at Qiieen 
 Llizabetir, Ifland, they found plenty of fmallaje, an 
 htrb which greatly relieved thofe who were afflidled 
 kVjjili the fturvy. They found alfo plenty of wild 
 "fowl and fifli, and having filled their calks with wa- 
 t'ir, they held on their courfe. 
 
 They afterwards came into a fine bay, to which 
 tlisy gave the name of No Bottom, on account of the 
 depth of the water there. The trees on the ftorc 
 were hii;li, and their boughs were loaded with fnow, 
 which fuimcd but a difiiial profpedt. While they 
 
 Cape Venl 
 
 lay here a canoe came off m ilii-m, in,«ii- fi.iir In. 
 iluns oil board, who werr ui a iin.ldle Kaluie, iheii 
 foreheiuli wcie low, iheir fues lunad :>nd j.iuiid, 
 their hair lank and Ihurt. They 11:, J uuuihei elu.ilh- 
 ing but a piuco of Ikin about iIkii wjiits, round 
 which they had likcwile a circle ol a bii<ht a/.uii; 
 hue. I'hey wiie veiy jealDUs ut their Iciiialei ) nor 
 could they uc picvaih.l upuii, on any atcuuiii, tn lul- 
 fer a woman who wan among iIkiii m cuiiic on bo.iid. 
 I'he c.iplain gave them l<<mcl)le.i.l and cheeli.', and allv 
 offered them a di.im of brandy, thoui^ii the laiur was 
 then lb le.irce aiiKin^ll the Kaj^liili. I'hey dtvuiiiid 
 the biead and cheele, but would nut talie the braiidv. 
 I hey had liows .ind ariiisys, and luiiie lilhiiij; tMckle : 
 they ftayed two huitis, and 011 iheir deparluic made 
 fignalsol their deiigii lu return. The pinnace being 
 lent on fluire the next day, came back miiIi the In- 
 dian canoe in the evening, laden wiili niulcU'>, whicli 
 the natives h.id given them in exchange fui briad, 
 knives and to)s. I'hey apiK-aied to Clip|Krloii'« 
 men to be a harnilels people, and oiieul his crew thiU 
 hatl been left on fhorc lived aniiing thcni two nights 
 and a day, and met with very kind treatment. 
 
 In the mean time the Ihip's company giew ficklv, 
 and one or other of them gencr.illy died every day. 
 About the beginning of July the wvalhei was rattier 
 moderate; on the 8lh of this munth Utcy buried their 
 mafter-gunner, and caufed a llroitg plank to be dri- 
 ven at the head of his grave, whereon was this in- 
 fcription, " Mr, William Pridham, gunner of tl»o 
 Succefs, deceafed July 7, 1719, in this Strcight, 
 and was buried here." — Captain Michell, and Lieu- 
 tenant Davidfon went in the pinnace to Teriau.'. 
 Fuego, on the 20th, to make difcovery of the paf- 
 fage that a French Tartan is laid to have gone thro' 
 into the South Sea in May, 171 ;, and to try if thc<e 
 were any anchoring beyond Cape Qiiad. They re- 
 turned on the 20th, having found the palTagi', hut lu 
 narrow that it was deemed hazardous to go that way. 
 They however fouitd fcvcral good bays to tlw north- 
 weft of Cape Quad, to anchor in. 
 
 They proceeded on their voyage on the firft of Au- 
 guft, meeting with the ul'u.il dangers and difficulties 
 on their palTage,and, arriving on the 18th in the Soulli 
 Seas, ftecrcd diretlly for Juan Fernandez, in older tu 
 rcfrefti themfelves. They came to this ifland on the 
 7th of September, where ihcy fcarchcd in vain ID 
 find fome tokens of the Speedwell. Afier having 
 cruifed for a month in thefc parts, Captain Clipper- 
 ton preparing for his departure, caufed the following 
 infcripti<m to he cut on a tree fronting the landing; 
 place, '• Captain John W. Magcc, 1719." Magec 
 was a furgeon on board the Succefs, and well known 
 10 Captain Shclvock and his company. 'I'he reafon 
 of making choice of his'namc, was in order to blind 
 the Spaniards in cafe they (hould read the infcription. 
 All means were ufed here for the recovery of thcfick, 
 who were fet on ftiore for this purpofc, but a drjcflioii 
 prevailed, owing to the reflcxitn of having no cor- 
 dial to revive their drooping fpirits. They fouixi 
 the weather at this time changeable, and much rain 
 fell while they ftayed near the ifland. 'I'hey took 
 abundance of goats, fo as to fervc them for future 
 ftorc, as well as for prcfent life ; and they faltc<l a great 
 number with fait which they found ready made on the 
 ifland. They wooded and watered here, and cleared 
 their fliip, Clipperton, hy this time apprehending 
 that he fliould be obliged to proceed on his cruilu 
 alone. As to the Speedwell, he declared it was his 
 opinion that Ihe was loft. 
 
 Before they took their departure from hence, fotir 
 of the Ihip's crcwbcteok themfelves to the mountains, 
 with a view of renmining upon the ifland, but tn-u 
 of them were made priloners by the goaf-hunters, 
 who before they fiirrendcrcd, were obliged to fire at 
 them feveral times. 
 
 They prepared for failing on the 7th, previous to 
 
 which Captain Mitchell went on (horr, and erected a 
 
 crofs, at tlie foot of which he buried a bottle, con- 
 
 aining a letter addrclTed to Captain i>helvock, dircft- 
 
 <» in^ 
 
 Strttti 
 Spanij 
 uin. 
 
 His vtl 
 Igft. 
 
CLlPPE RTON AND SHE LVOCfi. 
 
 OJ 
 
 Ing him to inothfr place of rcinlrzvou*, andnppoitit- 
 lim a proper ritual whereby thvy iniKhc know each 
 other ill calc thi y (houM meet ;il kjt. The lummandir 
 then weighed anchur, and failed northwardt' till he 
 got into the parallel of Lima, where he intended to 
 »i\, though he had loft 30 of hit men, and fomc un- 
 cafinefTct hjd already broken out among the crew in 
 Kgard to plunder. They look a fmall vcd'el on the 
 a5lh of Octuber, which proved to be a fnow of 40 
 torn, laden with fand and ruhbifli for manure, liuving 
 on board fcvcn Indiana and two negros. In this 
 bark they found nothing worth taking except two jars 
 of eggi, as much treacle, and two nieces of cieht. The 
 next day they met with a (hip called the St. Vincent, 
 of 150 tons, with two friars, 161 Indian** iind four 
 negros on board. She was laden with wood from 
 Gui.iquil. Another prize they took on the 30th day 
 of the fame month, was a laree fliip, called the Tri- 
 nity, of 400 tons, which had been taken by Captain 
 Rogers, ten years before, when Uuiaquil WM plun- 
 dered by that adventurer. Her cargo was valuable, 
 and ftie had a great many paflcngers on board. On 
 the ad of November they took a fourth prize, which 
 was a veflel of 70 tons, having on board thecountcfs 
 of Laguna, and fcveral other paiTengers. Theylikc- 
 wife tound a great deal of money, and two jars of 
 wine and brandy. The captain gave the countcfs 
 her choice of ftaying in the prize, or coming on board 
 tlie Succefs. Shechofethc former, and an officer was 
 fent with orders to fuft'cr none but her own domcftics 
 to enter her cabin. 
 
 Captain Clipperton was now much weakened by 
 the detachments he had made to take care of his prizes. 
 Yet he was (till bent on making more. Difcovcring 
 a pink of 200 tons, on the 12th he bore up to her, 
 and the vclTel (truck to him. Lieutenant Scrjeantfoii 
 was then fent on board with eight men to take pof- 
 fcffion of her. He immedi.itely ordered all thofc whom 
 he faw into the crcat cabin, and polled a centincl at the 
 door. After this, thinking all things fecurr, he went 
 *"■•*??'"'"' 'down with fomc of his men into the (hip's hold, to 
 bptnilh c«p- gxaminc her lading, when a concealed party fell upon 
 the captors, knocked down him and his party, and 
 ordered than to be bound. In the mean time thofe in 
 the cabin had fecured the centincl ; and thus the (hip 
 was recovered, owing to the art(ul management of 
 the captain, who gucding that his opponent could 
 not fend any great number of men on board him to 
 take polTedion, had ordered i a of his paiTengers, under 
 theconduA of a French boatfwain, to conceal them- 
 felvcs in the hold, and then to ru(h out, on a certain 
 fignal, and fecurc the Englilh, which (Iratagem fuc- 
 ceedcd, as we have fecn according to tlie common cx- 
 pefhition. 
 
 But as Toon as the Spaniards had thus retaken the 
 (hip, they made for the (horcwith fomuch haltc and 
 fo little caution, that they ran their own veflll upon 
 tlie rocks, where (he was loft ; but when the captain 
 perceived the danger, he ordered all his Eiiglifti pri- 
 ibners to be unbuuiul, ami every man favcd hiinfelf 
 upon the rocks. They were however fecured on 
 ihorc, and fent to to the viceroy of Lima. 
 
 As foon as Clipperton knew that he had loft his 
 prize and his men likcwifc, he determined to releafc 
 his Spani(h prifoners, by which means there would 
 neceflariiy be a favingof his pruviflons, as well as a 
 chance for his people to be butter treated, when the 
 enemy knew that their countrymen had not been ill 
 ufed when in his power. In his way to the ifland of 
 La Plata, he took another prite of 200 tons, having 
 on board 30 Spaniards, and 40 negros. This vcflcl 
 was called the Cayetan, and moft of the Spaniards 
 were paflcngers. By this time the captain knew that 
 the coaft was alarmed, and underftood that two men 
 of war, one of 50, and the other of 30 guns, had 
 been (itted out to cruife for him. As (or the goods 
 on board, he had good reafon to believe they would 
 fetch no price in Europe, and in thofe parts where he 
 now was, he did not fee any likelihood of their being 
 ranfomed. On this account, he concluded, a thought 
 
 Vol. L N« 9. 
 
 uin. 
 
 His velTel is 
 itll. 
 
 which ha ' incc fiim;efted iti'cif to C.'p' liti Roj;:r', of l7?o 
 feiidiliy i\ cargoc of iliclc j;iioJs to Hi.ilil ; lor tin' ' v ' 
 purpolc he made Mr. Mildull roiiiiiundi.r I'f the 
 pri/.vbaik whtriin the couiilil'. of I.lgiina li id been 
 taken, niouiiiiiij' liir tight j;uiis, and rp.it.ii; ij 
 Engliflimcn iinJ ten lu'^ri"-, ac(.oniiiioil.itin ; liiiu 
 with provifions and ncciflarii-., and imtiin:; on hoard 
 a cargoc of Kuroneaii coiiinu'diiit . v.iluij ..t i?,"Col. 
 ifpatrhlii^ him for the Hr.ililuii kmI). Alitr iMs 
 he preliiUed his other prizes to the l>p.iiiiili pnlorui-., 
 taking out of them fuch things a> he tlioii^hl proper, 
 only detaining the captain ol one of them, to li'tvo 
 him .is a pilot. 
 
 Thus dirnicumhered, Capt.olii Clipprrioii now prr- 
 pared to rrliirn 10 cruile in his fonnii l*.itioii. A* 
 they were thus IidMiiig on tlicir tourfe, oji die 4th of 
 December they fell ill Willi, and tt>«k u iMik ealliJ 
 the Rofary. — Having taken what they pUalcJ 
 out of her, tlicy let her go, ^iker thoy h.id cut lier 
 main-malt by the board, in order to prevent her ov(i- 
 fctting. On the Jjih, they looked into (iii.iiiata 
 Bay, and finding two (hi|)s at anchor tin re, find .1 (hot 
 at each, but they made no return ) whereupon, lending 
 their boats on board, they found the people had quitted 
 them, leaving nothing but fome bread and a lew jar» 
 of water behind them. After this the Englilh hung 
 out a flag of truce, and fired two guns at intervals oF 
 half an nour. They were anfwered from the (liorc, 
 but nobody appearing to treat about the ranfuin of the 
 vcfl'els, they let them en fire, and departed for the 
 Gallapagos illands, intending to remain there till the 
 alarm occafioned by their progrcfs (hould liibfide. 
 Accordingly they put their defij^n in execution, and 
 arrived at tlie Duke of York's lilaiul under the Equi- 
 noclial Line, where they cleaned their (liips, and 
 found water, in which latter circunilK.ncc, as wc 
 have already related. Captain Rogers had heendif.ip- 
 pointed. On the 21ft of January they took a veli'cl 
 called the Prince Eugene, bound tor Lima, and having 
 the Marquis de Villo Roche on board, which ftruck on ]^v,,!; "'1^".' 
 their firing the firft gun. A prieft, who was on board Ij\^.n_'' '^' ^ 
 the prize, having got leave to go on (horc at the ifland 
 of V'elas, on his promifc of perfuading the inhabi- 
 tants to traffic with them for I'ome cattle ; he returned 
 on the l6th with a herd of black cattle, lome fowls, 
 and fruit, which he brought as a prcfent to the Mar- 
 quis J but he faid the governor would not permit the 
 inhabitants to trade with Captain Clippei ton's peo- 
 ple. He added, that C.iptain Mitchell had been there, 
 and had got fome cattle, but 200 men beiiiggot toge- 
 ther, had forced him to retreat. 'I'he very next day 
 it appeared by fome intercepted letters that the Mar- 
 quis was tampering with the people on (horc to fei/.c 
 the (hip's boat when it next came for water. On this 
 account that nobleman was confined for fome time, 
 but on the 20th he w.is fuftcrcd to goon Ihorc with his 
 lady, their only child remaining as an ho(\a2e fur dicir 
 return. 
 
 Accordingly, they came on board on the 14th of 
 April, and the governor with them, when Clipper- 
 ton having agreed with them about their ranfom, the 
 lady and the child were fet on (horc, the marquis re- 
 maining as an hoftaije for the performance of the articles, 
 which were never fultilled. They failed to Amapalla 
 on the 20th, with an intent fo w.Tter there, but be- 
 ing difappointed, repaired to the Id e of Tv;;cr«, and 
 afterwards on the gth of June to Gorgona, for the 
 fame purpofe. On the 24th they took, the feconj 
 time, the St. Vincent, which w.»s now commanded by 
 Don Clement de Aiulrada, and was laden with tim- 
 ber and cocoa-nuts ; and on the nth of Auguft they 
 anchored at the ifland of Lobos de Mar with their 
 prize. Here they fet up tents on the (horc, r.nd 
 cleared their vcllll, and here the crew, who had al- 
 ready begun to murmur, appeared much difcontcnted. 
 Thev blamed their captain for proceeding on his un- 
 dertaking without his confort ; they arraigned his 
 condiidl with r':jaid to the marcjuis, from whom they 
 firmly believed neither he nor they would ever re- 
 ceive any .idvantagc, and at length (omc of the male- 
 C c contents. 
 
'J* 
 t:2t 
 
 THE VOYAOFS OF 
 
 rotiKnt", ^IhIii}; flirred up by one J.imrt Rofli, ihr 
 ll)in'> i»r|iui<>li turu<cJ a plot lor lii<iii|> ClipprtiiM 
 .iiitl liiN ulHii ', .iimI running aw.iy with tin. (hip i 
 " lh.it il thiy iiiulk rtill go lhr(>U(',h tnun h.iiilfliip>," 
 it mull Ik', ,i> Kuih lUiil, lor their own bcnrlit lutlici 
 ih.iii lor ih.it ul tiic people. Hut the plot king ilil- 
 KHirnl, Iwocil thtiii Wire fi'verily puniftirti, ;inJ thi' 
 rill pjidonid ('II piuniile itC lutuie aincndniiiit. 
 
 Till y look ;\ lilhing liual, with a brgc au.intity ol 
 ('.ill liDi on the I7lh ; on ho.inl ol this vill'd they put 
 {8 Sp.uiilh pi I onus, ami (ml them awuy. Hut they 
 i<'un>l till' St. Vincent, whieli W.AS left at anchor un- 
 der the ide ol' I.iihos, iliiven on Ihorr and funk. 
 On the tiill of Noveniln-r they entered the b.iy of 
 Conception, uherc li:uiiig milled of a pri7c by her 
 out-failing them, they went for Coquiinbo, and in 
 their way, took a fliip laden with cloth, fucar, .ind 
 (uliacco. Uut they had no I'lKiner come in full fi^ht 
 of the haibour, than thev were perceived by three 
 men of war, wliirh were lying there with their top- 
 faili lool'e, which immcdiateTy cut their cables, and 
 m.«le altiT tliem. The Succefj and the pri/.c imme- 
 diately hauled their wind, and bore away, the former 
 rCeaped by gomi failing, though narrowly puifued by 
 ih'.' two Spanifh (hip^, but the latter fell into the 
 h;inds «f the cnimy. Thin were taken in her, Mr. 
 Jnnio Milne, Clip)x:rloii's third lieutenant, and la 
 men. Don Uias de Leflb, who was governor of Car- 
 thagcna, when attacked by Ailmiral Vernon, was 
 tile captain who took the pri/.e, which he imagined to 
 have been the privateer. He w.is (o much enraged at 
 this dirappoliiiment, that ill the heat of hi> anger he 
 (Iruek Air. Milne on the head with the flat of his 
 ("word i hut afterwards recolleifling the impropriety 
 of his beiijt iour, fent for his prilbner, and was lo 
 ceneiousas to a(k his pardon fur the affront, and find- 
 iiij; him dripped by the foldiers, ordered him a new 
 fuit of cloaths. 'When at Lima he procured his li- 
 berty, and paid for his pafl'age to Panama, where he 
 ni.ide him a prelc'nt of ajar of wine, .ind .mother of 
 brandy, and after giving him zco pieces of eight fent 
 him home to his own country. Such .tn inirancc of 
 generofity in an exafperated enemy, dclerves to be 
 had in honourable remembrance. — Kut to return to 
 Capt.iin Clipperton. He and his puiple were much 
 difpirited with this lofs, and ilicir ill humours were 
 kept alive by continued dangers and difappointment. 
 They attacked a (hip on the i6th, which bore away 
 from them after having fired a few i;uns, which was 
 a happy circuniftance, as this was a (hip of force, and 
 wliieh was intended to cruil'e for Captain Shelvockj 
 but knowing this not to be the veflel which he was in 
 quefl of, and not being acquainted with her (Irength, 
 the Captain, whofe name was Fitzgerald, did not think 
 proper to continue the cngagcinent. Being in want 
 of pre. ilioiis they continued cruifing to the north ; 
 bui .IS ihey met with little fuccefs, they relblved to go 
 once iv.uie to the Gallapagos iflands for refrefhmcnt, 
 after h.ivin;; fct on (horc the remainder of their Spa- 
 nifh piifi'mis. 
 
 While Clippcrton's people were indulging their 
 ill humours, the captain himfelf fell into a practice 
 too coniiiion uith people who know not well how to 
 be.'.r up agaiiilt misfortune". He gave himfelf up to 
 di inking in fuch a manner, that at length he was 
 fcarctly ever fcen fober, or free from the bad cITeiSs of 
 this ill cuurfe, which, at this time, he lb imprudently 
 adopted. It was on the 4th of Ueccmbcr that they 
 perceived tliemfelvcs near the iflands which they were 
 in qu.lt of; but through fome unaccountable niiflake 
 or ill contrivance, they could neither find frc(h water 
 nor an anchoring place. On account of this difap- 
 pointment they failed for the ifle of Cocoas, fo often 
 mentioned in our accounts, with the gteateft expe- 
 dition. They came in fight of it on the 17th, and all 
 that couM be fpared went on (hore, on the 18th, when 
 a fort of bark was built for the entertainment of the 
 (ick, at the fame time that Clipperton did all he could 
 for the recovery and encouragement of the men. They 
 prepared for failing on the 27th of January, but when 
 
 the men were niiilhiiA tlirri! F.iii(I.llrn<<n anJ ••i(',Ii* 
 iii^ni'- wrie milling i an I il .•ppcu.cil ttiat they ilhittf 
 10 lein.iin on that iinfort vin.iic itl ind. 
 
 Auuiiij^ on the coatt of .Vjexicn, ClipiHfton'J 
 prople difcuvrred a fail, to which their pinn.ice ^.ive 
 I hate, and the vtfli."l imniciliately ((ruck. .Sir ptuv -'I 
 to be the Jefu-Maria, which mw\ then eomiii 'mini by 
 Captain JiheKoek 1 and the report they rectivtd \vj«, 
 " I ill! lie h.iil no more than 10 men alive) lh.it he 
 had loti the .Sjicedwfll at Juan rVrn.iMde/, Hhrre thev 
 hid built a lurk out ul the wieik, that lliry Ii.kI 
 I'oalted along Chili and Peru, till they came to Pitci» 
 near Lima, vihirc they took this prite ; that thev 
 had no regular command among them i that thry li:iil 
 chofen a aiiarter-maltrr by a niajotify of vole> \ and 
 that they had quite broken their articles with their 
 owners, and hud (h.ired all among themlrlvcs. Cap- 
 tain Slielvock came on board on the 'i/ih ) the boat 
 brought Captain Dod, who was faid to have been ill 
 ufed on account of hi> attachment to the owners i 
 fix chclts of pitch and dammer with two barrels of 
 tar, and fix flabs of copper were fent on board by 
 Captain Shelvock, to whom Clipperton fpared 24 
 quarter-deck guns, fome great (hot, a compifs ami 
 other nccelTaries. His people likcwifc houi;hl cloaths, 
 (hoes, hats, kc. and here Hcndric and I)od deferred 
 Captain Shelvock, intending never more to full with 
 their commander. It was defigncd to attempt the 
 Manilla (hip before (he entered Acapulco. Thisde- 
 teimination was made In the burying of March : 
 on the 13th they again met Captain Shelvock, when, 
 according to Clipperton's account, that gentleman 
 rejcfled a propolal he made of burying all former 
 mifcarri.iges in oblivion, and acting together for the 
 benefit of the owners } whereupon the Succefs pro- 
 ceeded without him, and It being refolvrd to return 
 home by way of the £a(l Indies, the vefTel failed im- 
 mediately for Guam. 
 
 After a run of 53 days they re.uhed that ifland,an(l 
 anchored off Umatta, on the 13th of May. The pin- 
 nace being (ent with a flag of truce to the governor, 
 in order to obtain provifionsi a quantity of chocolate 
 cakes, cattle, bread, fiigar, greens, itc. were lent 
 them, with a favourable anfwer, and the governor'* 
 health was drank by the whole (hips compiny. But 
 the Marquis de Ville Roche having agreed about his 
 ranfom, going on (hore acconiniinied with the M\ 
 lieutenant and do>^or, a foundation was laid for a 
 difpute which was near proving fatal to Clipperton 
 and all his crew. For after the £ngli(h had taken in 
 wood, water, and provlfions, in exchange for which 
 they furnifhed the governor with arms and ammuni- 
 tion, the latter fent them a letter, on the 1 5th, wherein he 
 demanded the relloration of thcMarqiiis'sjrwels, fome 
 confecrated plate, and two negros that were Chrif- 
 tians. At the fame time hedcfired a certificate under 
 the captain's hand, that peace was proclaimed. Clip- 
 pcrton's anfwer was That from the people on board 
 the laft prize taken on the coaft of Chili, he had 
 heard that England and Spain were at peace -, but he 
 afTiircd the governor if he cfid not fend the ranfom, and 
 return MelTrs. Goilfrey and Pretty whom he li.id de- 
 tained on (hore, within 24 hours, the Englifh would 
 burn the (hip in the harbour, deflroy all the houfes on 
 the (hore, and do whatever damage they could among 
 the iflands. Inftead of complying witn his demands, 
 the governor caufed a battery to be erefted, from Tlic Rue ctf« ii 
 whence the Spaniards fired at the pinnace. As to the r"">''''\ '""*'" 
 (hip, (he ran aground between the (ire from the battery " "«*'»• 
 and that from the velTel in the harbour. In endeavour- 
 ing to get her off, (he went foul of the rocks. Thus 
 they lay cxpofed to the fury of the enemy, whilft their 
 captain was fo much in liquor that the officers were 
 obliged to chufe Mr. Cook, prt Itmparr, to the com- 
 mand in this exigency. In the mean time they had 
 their (irft lieutenant, Mr. Davidlbn, killed, and three 
 men wounded ; and it was not without great difficulty 
 that, having lightened their (hip, they towed her ojt 
 with the pinnace, and, juft as they got her afloat, the 
 enemy firing at her from their battery, raked them 
 6 thfou^ 
 
 i 
 
' IcU at tiMiu. 
 
 id 
 lid 
 
 1m 
 
 )n 
 'S 
 
 !»» 
 
 [m Til' Suc«r» c> 
 
 .. rou^liU liand- 
 
 . I '-•■ 
 
 in' 
 
 ir- 
 |us 
 •ir 
 :rc 
 
 lad 
 
 Irce 
 
 I in 
 
 CMPPERTON AKD SHE LVOCK 
 
 «l 
 
 thraogh between vsinJ ami watir, killnl <mc mnn aiiJ 
 wouuucd l^^u olIicTi. At li.ii{',th tiny got Ikt i<> 
 flit, hut III n nun)(li'(J I'MiiJition, ami wiiit oil' on llic 
 lOlh willi tlic lull ul bulh llii'ir liow iiuliort uiul 
 cablet, the Hern aiul kcdije iinchiiis, four h.i«(<rs, 
 (bur of their luwir deck guns, iinil 19 b»rtil> ul 
 jMivder. They hud rcniiiiiinl a mark fur the enemy 
 near 50 huiirt, and had the vclUI lU't gul clear Ufiire 
 Illuming, It \\:\s tliouulit (ha mult have funk oiit- 
 liglil. When they had done all in thrir power to ic- 
 pair their djiiiakv they were ubligid tu depart, and 
 leave Mr. Gudliey and Mr. I'reltv behind tliiiii, 
 Clinperion havin)' lull hit failhlelk Marquit, together 
 with all hopcinrhis ranfitni. 
 
 Having paflld the Ualhee Iflct on the 20lh of June, 
 they came on th»- ll* of July to fome other illands 
 not laid down In the chart* i but nut beina able to 
 learn their way to Macao, nor 10 get a piFot, they 
 failed to Amoy, which lus in the piuviiicu of 'I'on- 
 
 Jiuin, where they anchuicd on ilic 8ih, and were pre- 
 ently boarded by ten cuUom-houfe ofliccri, who de- 
 manded what the lliip was, and what was their bufi- 
 nefi ill thofc parts. 'I'hey were aiifwered^ That the 
 ihip belonged to the Linn of i'leat Britain, and that 
 flic put in there in urd-.r tu obtain pidvifions and ne- 
 ccflarici. 'I'hu next day there was a mutiiiv among 
 the crew, who demanded immeJiately to uiurc tiic 
 prize-money, Mr. Cook claiming ;)o (hares to him- 
 Iflf as full lieutenant, he having lueceeded Mr. Da- 
 vidfon in that pull. The men went on lliure at 
 will, and refufcdlo work till ihcy h.id thtir money, 
 which (thofc on (horc takin;j their part) Clippcrtun 
 was at lalt obliged to grant tlum. 
 
 _.. ..,. I'hc diltiibution being made on the 16th of Scp- 
 
 tlim mi« teniber it amounteil to 419 dollar< tur each loiemalt 
 msncy. man, no rel'urvc U'ing made tur thule wlio had the 
 
 misfortune to be taken prifoncrs, for the rcprefinta- 
 tivcf. of thole that were dead, nor for the two gentle- 
 men who had fcrvcd on board tlie Speedwell. 
 
 The (hare of the owners, in ready money, wrought 
 plate, gold, and jewels, nmoiiming to 7C00I. ftcrling, 
 L'lippcrton (hipiK'd on buard the Qtieeii of Angels, a 
 Portugueic veflel, commanded by l)on Francifco Ic 
 Vero I but (he was burnt at Rio Janeiro, on the 6th 
 of June 1727.. And out ot the eite£)s, the falvage 
 being dcUuifled, no mure than 1800I. remained. 
 
 HaviiiK left Amoy, where they paid no left than 
 1700 doWai* for port charges, they held on their 
 courfc to Macao, where he found the Portugucfe cap- 
 tain who had undertaken to carry what belonged to 
 the owners to Brafil. Here the crew met with an 
 oppofition i for this captain declared in favour of their 
 commander. Uii this, Captain Cook and another 
 o(Bccr went to confult one of the principal proprie- 
 tors what meafurc* were proper to be taken for 
 briiiglng home the (hip. After his return, (he was 
 furvcycd and condemned ; but being fold for 4000 
 dollars, Clipperton, who did not think it wasdange- 
 Tous to make a voyage in her, agreed with thofc who 
 bought her, furhispali'age in her toUat.ivia. The Suc- 
 ccfs s crew now (hifted each for himfelf. As to Cap- 
 tain Mitclu'll and his crew, they were now pretty 
 well convinced that thcfo were killed, or taken, or 
 loft at (ea. Twenty of Captain Clipiicrton's men 
 intending to go in a Chinefe velTel to Canton, were 
 taken by pirates : Mr. I'aylur, the chief mate, and 
 fnme others, got fafc to Ciuiton in an armed boat, 
 from whence they cot a paflagc home, and arrived 
 fafc in London in May, 17.2. Captain Clipperton 
 came to Uatavia in the Succcfs, and got his palTage 
 home in a Dutch Ea(i-Indiaman. He arrived at 
 Galwav in Ireland, in the beginning of July, 1722, 
 but broken with toils ana difappointments, died in 
 about a week after his arrival. 
 CtpLiin Slid- C.iptain Slielvock having written a very particular 
 Toc's'i voyage, ^^j circumftantial account of his voyage we (ball for 
 the moll pnrt deliver the relation in his own words, 
 omitting only fuch palTagcs as arc immaterial, and 
 fueh occurrences as have been already noticed. The 
 reader has been informed of the feparation of the two 
 
 pi., 
 CI 
 
 commandti», \shi. h C.'pt.iiii Shilvoik fays was un- 
 aNoidable. lie .id'K, that ll>c men weie fu teiiilied )>/ 
 the lloim, that had not Iik olliii'i< appeared aniKJ, 
 ihi-y would have (u/.<d iIk' lliip and n-luiind to Kng- 
 Uiid. And the veiy luxi ev^nini' adir tlii» niniiny 
 was quelled, he la) k Mr. Ilathy, hi^ feeoiid e i|it uii 
 was neai throwing .ill in toiifnlinn a^aiii, tilliif' him 
 on deck, that he had private orilir» Irom one of the 
 o.vners, and from Captain Clip|>irt<in, to t.ike the 
 tliarge of the fliip upon himlelfi hut hein^ .ifkMl, 
 " Vvhelhtr lie ha I a |iiiv.>tccuinniiflioii too," anluir- 
 id only in teiins uf 1 piuach. Captain Shtlvuek thus 
 proceeds ill his acinmil : 
 
 " VVc haJ :i very tedious voyage to our fiift plato 
 uf lendezvoiH, the Canary Ill.inils, and did not ar- 
 live there till M.irih 17, when havini] (iniflied our 
 erulfe without any thing remarkalilc happfnint', ex- 
 cept taking an opt n boat with fait and wine, and having 
 heard nulhiiig uf the Sueiefvj un Maieh the ii^th wc 
 touk our departure from the idand ufl'erro, 111 hopes 
 of meeting with Captain Clippcrtun ainoiig the illaiid* 
 of Cape Verd ; and we touk our pi'^e along with u . 
 
 1-1)1 
 
 ■ ape 
 But in our paflagc, my [K-ople lu^an again to mur- 
 mur ; and one Turner St»'Vtn», my gunner, vtry 
 gravely made a propol'al 10 me in the hearing of all 
 llie other officers, that we fliould gu cruifin;; in the 
 Red Sea, " For (fiid he) there can bo no harm in rob- 
 bing thofc Mahometans) but as for the poor Spaniards 
 (continued lie) they are good Chrillians ami it would 
 douhtlefs be a (in to iiijuie them." Upon this 1 order- 
 ed him under conhnenieiit, and the man, afterwards 
 having threatened in a very outrageous manner to 
 blow up the (hip, 1, at his own ie(|uell, difcharged 
 liim as foon as \vc arrived, together with my chief 
 male, who had likewife been guilty of many and 
 great mifdemeanors. 
 
 On the 14th of April wc made the ifle of Afay, 
 and running along (hore, \vc faw a wreck, which wc 
 were told w.ts the Vanzittcin Indiamaii, Captain 
 Hide, that three weeks before had been caft away. 
 1 endeavoured to avail myfelf of this accident to fup- 
 ply the neceflTarics wc Hood in need of, but could 
 procure nothing but two or three (heathing bo.-irds. 
 At this place I fold our prize for 150 dollars to the 
 governor, and we filled all our water cafks, and gave 
 our (hip a very good heel. Six of my people having 
 deferted, I applied in vain to the ofK'-er on (horc to 
 deliver them up to me ; but threatening the mnfler 
 of a Portugucfe (hip to make rcprifals, he hiought 
 mc two of them that happened to be the Iwll. They fell 
 on their knees, and aflccd pardon, afliiriiig mc the 
 governor on (horc had feduccd them, his dcngn bi-ing 
 to fend the bark I fold him on Vanzittcrn's wrcek, 
 where he faid they might all make their fortunes ; lo 
 I loft the other four. Finding I could neither hear 
 of the Succeft, nor get what might be fervice.ibic iii 
 this place i and having read in Frczier's voyage, that 
 in the illand of St. Catherine on the coaft of Brafil, 
 in lat. 27" 30' fouth every thing might be had that wc 
 Hood in need of, 1 concluded it would be bcft for me 
 to put in there. On the 20th of April, we failed from 
 the Illand of May, having wrenched the drum head 
 of our capllan in weighing anchor, which took U4 
 up the remainder of the day to repair. Wc were 5$ 
 days in going to St. Catherine's, during which littlt; 
 remarkable happened, except that on the 5th of June 
 we faw a (hip Hemming with us, and fpokc with hrr. 
 I ordered the (ivc-oared boat out, and fcnt Captain 
 Hatley in her, to enquire after news, .md gave him 
 money to buy tobticco [this was among the ar- 
 ticles of which the Succcfs had got the whole on board 
 her, as the Speedwell had all the flri'ng liquors. How- 
 ever, Mr. Hatley faid he could get no tobacco, nml 
 laid out thi^ money in china ware and fwcetmcats, and 
 other tilings, to the difpleafure of Captain Shelvock]. 
 On Friday, June 19, wc made the Ifl.ind of St. Ca- 
 therine, and at ten the next morning anchored in ten 
 fathom water j the Ifland of Gall bearing E. N. E. 
 diftant two leagues, and the eafternmoft point of Sr. 
 Catherine £. by S. diftant four leagues. The firft 
 
 thini* 
 
q6 
 
 THE VOYAGES O 
 
 1721 thine I did was to fcnJ the carpenter on <hnrc, with 
 ^•V^^ all the people that could be ufcful to him iii felling 
 of trees, and I'awing them into planks, and to order 
 the cooper and his crew to trim the cafk.-!, and fill 
 them with water. Ti. ^fc who remained on board I 
 employed in difPcrcnt fervices. Mean while the in- 
 habitants came off to us every day with the produiSt 
 of the place, which wc purchalcd with fait. 
 He mtits with On the 2d of July we were alajf'mcd at break ofday, 
 a viiTcl >t lc«, hy the appearance of a large flrip at anchor, four or 
 five miles below the place where we lay. I lent an 
 officer in the launch, welT manned and armed, to fee 
 what he could make of her, and put my (hip into the 
 bed pofture of defence I couUI. About noon my 
 Ltunch returned, and bror.ght word that this fliip Was 
 the Ruby, formerly an E«gli(h man of war, and now 
 one of M. Martinet's fquadron ; that (he came from 
 the South Seas, and was commanded by M. la Jon- 
 ^uiere ; that he, his officers, and (earner., to the num- 
 ber of 420 were all French, and though in the Span- 
 i(h fervicc, they had not the Icaft dcfien to moled 
 us. My lieutenant became thus piiniSluany infurmedV 
 by a dirc£l breach of orders, in going aboard, and his 
 temerity might have coft me very dear ; for, had they 
 been enemies, I (hould have loft 23 of my beft hands ;. 
 but their return confirmed the truth of his (tory^ yet 
 it was a great misfortune, that I had not, to' the bc(t 
 of my knowledge, one man of experience or capacity 
 fufficient to enable him to perform the common duty 
 of an officer. The next day the Ruby turned up to- 
 wards us, and the captain lent one of his Picutcnants 
 and a prieft, to afTurc me of his friendfhip, and to 
 defire I would dine with him, which I did, and met 
 with a very handfome reception, with offers of what 
 money I would have on my bills on London, or in 
 general, any thing clfe his (hip nflbrdcd. He infbrmcd 
 me that the Spaniards in the South Seas had advice 
 of our two (hip<i, and that they talked of fitting out 
 fomc men of war to receive us. 
 
 About this time there was a report fpread that TFat- 
 Icy had taken a bribe of the maftcr of the Portugucfe 
 wc met on the 5th of June, or had robbed him of 
 80 or 100 moidorcs, had given ten to his cockfwain, 
 and fix to each of his boat's crew, not to divulge it. 
 I charged him with what had been faid againll him : 
 his aniwer was, He had done nothing he was a(hamed 
 of, or that he tould not juftify. All I could do, was to 
 proteft againft h'ti, and I gave the protcft to.Captain 
 Clippcrton in the South Seas. On the 6th of July, 
 M. la Jonquiere, accompanied by fcvcral of his of- 
 ficers and paflcngcrs, cimc to dine with me ; but in 
 the midft of our entertainment, my boatfwain took it 
 into his head to create a difturbance, bccaufe he had 
 not been invited into the c.tbin as a gueft. He fir(( 
 afTaulted Mr. Betagh, the captain of marines, .ind 
 then Mr. Adams the furgeon. This outrage, which 
 was fupporttd by a party he h.id furmcd, being by the 
 help of my officers and French gentlemen, pretty 
 well quieted, M. la Jonquiere declared, that if they 
 perfiftcd in their difobkdicncc, ht would fee the ring- 
 leaders punifhed by carrying them home in irons ; and 
 as they crew a little quieter, he cxpoftulated with 
 them, and appealed to themfclves, whether thcv did 
 not think it monftrous for people to behave themfclves 
 in fuch a manner. The next morning I was informed 
 that the authors of the diflurbancc were moftof them 
 forry for what had happened the night before, attri 
 butmg it to having too much liquor. I was glad to 
 hear this, and therefore palled it all over, with only 
 threatening how 1 would manage them if ever they 
 were guilty of the like again. I had rcfolved to pu- 
 ni(h the hoatfwain in the fcvcreft mnnncr ; but I was 
 prevailed on not to do it, he, in very humble plight, 
 afking my pardon, and begging I would»not ufe any 
 fcvcrity touards him. He faid it was drink that had 
 made nirn mad, and withal defircd I would give him 
 leave to go home in the French (hip. This I wil- 
 lingly agreed to, he being a very odd fort of a fellow, 
 and always inccnfing the people againft the number of 
 officers, whom he termed bleodfuckcrs. 
 
 July 15, wcfawagreat fliip plying into the hat*' 
 hour's mouth ; but when (he difcovcred Us, (he made 
 tj:e beft of her way out again. This poflcfll-d M. Ix 
 Joni^uicic with a notion of her bcirtg our confort, and 
 put him in a hurry to be gone. Accordingly, when 
 the night c«me on, he weighed, and put to fca thr 
 next nioriiing, and, at his departure falutcd me with 
 five guns. 7'hfee Frenchmen belonging to me went 
 away with him, but I had two Frenchmen and one 
 Morphew an Irifhman'T in Iteu' of them : durin" all' 
 this time our carpenter went on but (lowly in the 
 wood's i a^id, at laft, when wc Ciimc to cafe the fterii 
 all over with thick plank, we could not iind (to my 
 aftonifhment) any nails for that ufc. I was now tolif 
 that the (irl( carpenter and hrs crew, had fold molt of 
 the (lores before the (hip. came tof Plymouth, whiclt 
 was before I comiYianded her. 
 
 On the 25lh of Julvctinw: in a (Hip called The 
 Wife' Solomon of St. Alaloes, of 40 guns, and about 
 160' mert; commanded by M. Dumam (Jirard, anif 
 bound to rhe coaft of Chili and Peru, to trade. She 
 WHS the (lime (hip wc faw before, and had fjKikc- witlr 
 the Ruby at fea. This gtntleman [M. Dumaiit 
 G'irardJ I foon pcrccivcdy notwithfhinding a little 
 forced civility at his firfl arrival, wm a defigning mer- 
 cenary man, andfVillof all the deceit and vanity af- 
 cribed to his nation. Dcfiring him to ^arc me fome 
 nails, he readily anfwered he wrould', but at the famn 
 time, gave me to undcrftand that he could not afforJ 
 them lor lefs than 30 dollars a hundnxfy which fum 
 I was forced to give him : I Klccwife bought of hint 
 6<. --hcefes, and 300 weight of Butter; fo that ft was 
 well for me that I had fome money from one of the 
 Ruby-'s people. This done, I now thought of making, 
 a quick ilifpatch from this pLicc, when there came » 
 letter from my fhip's company to me, witharriclcs an- 
 nexed to it for the immediate diviflon of prize-money 
 which they faid they were refolvcd to' infifl on, al- 
 ledging, that they knew by woeful experience how 
 they wcrpufcd on bo.ird the Duke and Duchcfs ; that 
 they were never paid more than half their due, anit 
 that they had been well informed what a paymallcr, a 
 certain gmntlcman' would make, if ever their fortunes 
 fhoiild Tall into his hands. They were fo very im- 
 portunate whh me to comply With their articles, that 
 both myfelf andall my chief officers thought it wouli 
 be beft and mofl^ advifeable to fign their papers with, 
 tliem, rather than run the rifaue when they fhould 
 get out to fc.i, of their proceeding to ads of piracy. 
 As foon as they had gained their point they exprcfled 
 great fatisfaiflion, .nnd promifi:d to be ahvayn ready tn 
 hazard their lives in any undertaking that I (houltt 
 think conducive to the ends which we were fitted out 
 for. On the 3d of Auguft came in thrSt. Krancifctr 
 Xavier, a Portugucfe man of war, of 40 gans, and 
 300 men from Lifbon, bound to Macao in China, 
 commanded by C»ptain La Riviere, a Frenchman. 
 I made no doubt but thatCaptain Hatley's affair woulti 
 he reported to this gentleman ; and therefore I tolrf 
 Hatley th.it I expcttcd he would go and vindicate him- 
 felf to the I'ortuguefe captain, to prevent any dif- 
 turbanccs that mignt arife on his account. To which 
 he readily replied he would. Hatley, at his return, 
 told me that thcc.iptain fecmcd to be angry with him 
 for thinking he could harbour any ill tliought of a 
 gentleman bound on a voyage which, to his know- 
 ledge c'luld hardly fail of cnfiiring the largeft cx- 
 pciStations.—— Three of my men dcfcrtcd on the 
 third of Auguft, and the mate and his party 
 went up to the Portugucfe plantations in feareh of 
 them. It being almoft midnight, the inh.thitants were 
 alarmed, and planted thcmfelvos in ambufcadr, in 
 order to deftrov them as they came back. No fooiicr 
 had thcv returned into the boat than they heard them 
 rufliini'out of the woods, crying " Kill the dogs, 
 kill all the Knulifh dogs." This outcry w-as inftant- 
 ly followed by a volley of fmall arms, which wounded 
 three of my men, two through the thi^h, and another 
 throiij;h the nun. 1 font a letter of complaint by 
 Hatli y to the captain of the Portiiguefc man of war 
 
 Jn 
 
 Oi 
 
 J'. 
 
■3- 
 
 CLIPPERTON AND SHELVOCK. 
 
 97 
 
 in the h:.rbour ; but Hatlcy, at his entrance into the 
 (hip, was furiouny afl'aultcilby Kmanuel Mania, (the 
 captain of the iflund) who cried out that this was the 
 man who had committed I'o many infolcncics towards 
 them, and had made it a praiilicc to abul'c and aftVoiic 
 him with the opprobrious name of cuckold. Upon 
 this exclamation the (hip's company fided with Man- 
 Outraf;eofihefa, and fell upon Hatley, :\nd would certainly have 
 I'uriugucfc. ufed both him and his boat's crew very fcvcrelv, had 
 not the captain and his officers, with much difliLulty, 
 prevented it ; for the Portuguefe fcamen were exaf- 
 perated to fuch a degree, that it is more than likely 
 they would have murdered him, had they not been 
 timely hindered. The captain, In his anfwcr to mv 
 letter, cxprefled his forrow for what had happcjicif, 
 but faid that the people were without law, and it w.is 
 not in his power to puniih them, adding, that they 
 were wild, and lurked in the woods, and that feeking 
 revenge would only expofe my men to butchery. He 
 aflceil my pardon for the ill ufagc my officer liad met 
 with on board his (hip ; but withal gave me to under- 
 ftand there could be no greater provocation to the 
 people of that nation, than that which Hatley was 
 accufedofby Manfa ; that his (hip's company had 
 got Hatley amongft them before he knew ; and, that 
 ne was obliged to call his prielt to his affittance be- 
 fore he could get him out of their hands ; and in a 
 very handfome manner touched upon Hatlcy's (lory. 
 1 made no long (lay after this difaller, but took my 
 departure from the northcrnmoft point of St. Catherine's 
 on the 9th of Augufl, and on the 19th Mr. La Port, 
 my third lieutenant, broke his leg. From the time 
 we left St. Catherine's, we had, for the nioft part, 
 fqually weather. As we advanced to the fouthward, 
 my people's ftomachs increafed to fuch a degree, thwt 
 the allowance which the government gave in the navy 
 *ias not fuffirient to fatisfy their hunger. Some of 
 my officers, in particular Mr. Bctagh, my captain of 
 marines, who had been purfer of a man of war, and 
 was a man whom I had a great regard for, was the 
 champion for an addition of allowance at my table ; 
 for, he told me that he had orders from the adven- 
 turers, to cat with me, and what was my table, if I 
 did not eat better than the cook i He did not ftop 
 here, but, urged by his intemperance, and (tnding me 
 unwilling to Iquander away our provi(ions without 
 knowing where or when we might get any mure, he 
 at length had the infolence to tell me publicly ' That 
 • the voyage (houl J be (hort with me ;' which he often 
 repeated. I (hould have had reafon to fear it, had he 
 been capable of commanding ; but, for his puni(h- 
 ment, I excluded him both from my mels and the 
 great cabin. Upon this, (inding I was in earneft with 
 nim, and fearing fome heavier puni(hment, he lent 
 me a letter, afking my pardon for what h>- had done ; 
 upon which I reftorcJ him in a handfomer manner 
 than he afterwards deferved, as will be feen by the 
 fcqucl. On the 19th of September, ,ibout midnight, 
 I perceived the water to be difcolourcd all at once j 
 and, upon heaving the lead, we found ourfelvcs to be 
 in 26 fathoms water, I (lood off again to fca, but we 
 did not deepen our water in the running of five 
 leagues. This fcems to be a bent very near to the 
 entrance of the Streights of Maghellan. I had a fine 
 opportunity of going through thefe ftreights ; but 
 Captain Clipperton in his plans pretended, out of the 
 abundance of his judgement inul experience, that the 
 Streights of Lc Maire, would be the beft navigation, 
 though he himfelf palTed through the Streights of 
 Maglielhn. From this, I might have conjediured, 
 that he, who never was fond of having a confort with 
 him, defigncd to make ule uf this as a likely expe- 
 dient to feparate himfelf, for he was a man that would 
 do .-my thmg, though ever fu di(honeft or inhuman. 
 
 On the 13th of September, the fog clearing up, 
 xvc had a full but mtlanclioly profpeit of the molt de- 
 folate country that can be conceived, Teeming no 
 other than continued rid<!;cs and chains of moun- 
 tains, one within another, perpetually burled in fnow. 
 Towards noon wc were becalmed within three 
 Vol. I. N^ 9. ' 
 
 leagues of the mountains called the Three Biothcrs, 
 fonamcd from their equal lieight,near rcftmblanee,aiid 
 proximity to ono another. Till now, we haJ nut 
 been I'ei.liblc of any helps or hindiaiices by currents ; 
 but this afternoon we were hurried wilii incredible 
 impetuofity into the (treights, and jult as wc haJ 
 gained fomcwh.it more than the niid-pairagc, the 
 iiorlhern tide camo ru(hing upon us witli a violence 
 equal to that of the tide which had brouglit us in, 
 and, to our great alloni(hment, drove u> out of the 
 Itrciglifs again at a great and extmordinary rate, not- 
 witliltanding wc had a frelh and fair gale with us at 
 N. W. Upon the (hifting of this tide to windward, 
 there arofe fuch a (bort, and, while it laKed, fu lioUow 
 a fea, and fo lofty withal, that we alternately dipped 
 our bowfprit and pooplanthorns into the water. Our 
 (liip laboured in the molt alarming manner, and be- 
 came infenfible of the guidance of her helm ; but at 
 midnij^iht the tide (hifted, and we got through the 
 ftreights without feeing the land on cither fide, and, 
 in the morning, had a very good offing to the fouth- 
 ward. We had found it very cold betore we came 
 this lengi.h ; wcllerly winds of thcmfelves would have 
 been fufficicntly piercini;, but they were always at- 
 tended with drifts either of fnow or fleet, which con- 
 tinually beating on our fails and ringing, calld the 
 malts and every rope with ice, fo that there was no 
 handling them. It was common with us to be two 
 or three days together lying to, under our bare poles, 
 cxpofed all the while to the aflaults of prodigious leas, 
 much larger than any 1 had ever obferved before. 'I'he 
 winds reigning thus tem|K'(luoufly, without intcr- 
 miffion, in the wcdcrn board, wc had (Iretched away 
 into 61° 30' fouth hit. where wc were in continual 
 dread of falling foul of iflands of ice, and v.-here wo 
 found the variation to be /i ' 6' to the north-eaftward. 
 As we wc were furling the main-fail, on the 3d of 
 Oflober, one William Camcll cried out that his hands 
 were fo benumbed he could not keep his hold j but 
 before thofe that were next him could ky hold of him 
 he fell into the fea; and the (hip makinjj fre(h way, 
 and the fea running high, we lo(l fight of him before 
 wc could bring to. 
 
 In the 22d of Oflobcr, at eight o'clock at night, 
 we carried away our fore-top mall, and the next morn- 
 ing wc rigged another. Wecrept by very (low degrees, 
 aftf<i' wc had ventured to tack and (land to the north- 
 ward, in hopes to weather our way into the great 
 South Seas ; and indeed it may be averred, that from 
 the time wc nalTed the ftreights of Le Maire till we 
 had the firft fight of the coaft of Chili, we had been 
 continually diltrcflld by the wind, and difcouraged by 
 the bad weather. November 10, wc faw the coaft of 
 Chili, diftant ten leagues, the latitude, by obferva- 
 tion, 47° 28' fouth, [Captain Shelvock, who was by 
 this time in want of wood and water, here mentions 
 his not being able to reach the idand of Juan Fernan- 
 dez, the common rendezvous of palling into the South 
 Seas, and where he might have met with Captain 
 Clipperton, but notwitlmandingall he fays about the 
 matter, it is probable he had no great dcfire to fail 
 in company with one whom he thought not fo well 
 qualilied as himfelf to conduct the expedition. He 
 thus refumes his narrative.] 
 
 Surrounded with doubts and apprehenfions left we 
 (hould be obliged to advance too far on thcfu coafts, 
 without a competent ftock of provifions, one Jofeph 
 de la Fontaine, a Frenchman, aflured me that if 1 
 would goto the ifland ofChiloc, which w.is at that time 
 a little to the northward of us, there was no place for 
 our purpofe like it in all the South Seas ; that the 
 towns of Chacaoand Calibuco, the firft on the illand, 
 and the fecond on the continent, were rich places i 
 that the former was the ufual refidenceof the governor, 
 and that at (he latter there was a wealthy college of 
 Jefuits, and that there were confiderable magazines 
 kept up, which were always well ftockcd with pro- 
 vifions of all kinds. On thefe confiderations, I 
 formed a refolution of going toChiloe; and on the 
 30th of November wc cntereu the channel, with an in- 
 D d tent 
 
 1-2?. 
 
9» 
 
 THE VOYAGES OF 
 
 tent to furprlzc the towns of Clincno and Calibuco ; 
 ■> Hut immediately alter wc had come to, the windward 
 tide m:ulc out with prodigious r.ipidiiy, whith in- 
 flanily caulLd a great fca, tlic wind iiRrealiiig at the 
 lame time, the channel all about us appeared like one 
 continued breach. In the midii of lliis, our fliip hiid 
 a great ftrain upon her cable-, which unforfunalely 
 parted, and wc loll our ;;nclior. We p;illed by two 
 coinnmdious lays, anil ai length wc rounded a point 
 of land out of the tidc';^ way, where we were tom- 
 niodioullv (hehered from all inconvenience's ; and the 
 next morning I fcnt my fccond lieutenant to make a 
 diCcovery of the town of Chacuo aiid Calibuco, and 
 Captain flatley at the fame time, to And out a water- 
 ing place. He foon rctuintd again, and brought 
 with him an Indian, who gave us hoixs of a fuflicient 
 fui>plv of all wc wanted, but afterwards cime in the 
 evening to tell us the country was forbidden to fur- 
 iiifli us with any thing. The lieutenant not being 
 yet returned, the information made me apprehend the 
 enemy had taken him, and by that means learned who 
 v.cwire. However, on the 3d of December, a Spa- 
 nifli ifticcr came to us in a piragua, rowed by eight 
 Indians. As foon as we h.id fight of the piragua I 
 hoilkd French colours i and when the Spaniard came 
 on board, I told him ours was a homeward bound 
 trench (hip, called the S. Rofe, and that my name 
 was Le Janis le Breton. Under this notion he (laid 
 with us all night, and the next morning departid, not 
 fecming to fulpeiit us. I wrote to the governor by this 
 gentleman, fignifying, that 1 wanted a I'upply ot pro- 
 vifions, to carry me b.ick to France, and received for 
 anfwcr, a complaint ag.iinft the violences of our men, 
 in killing their fliecp, and driving aw.-iy their cattle ; 
 by which 1 knew they had fcen my lieutenant ; and I 
 was in defpair of ever feeing him or tlie people who 
 were w ith him any more. I therefore fent a mellhgc 
 to the governor, fignifying, that provifions 1 wanted, 
 and provifions I mull h.ive, and that very fpecdily ; 
 and that all the force of Chacao, Calibuco Carcl- 
 mapo, or Caftro, fhould not frighten or d:tcr nic 
 Irom fupplying myiblf. Soon after there came a pi- 
 nigua with a mefiage, fignifying that if I would fend 
 an officer to Chacao, they would treat w ith me. But 
 I gave him for anfwcr, that I would treat no where 
 but on board my own fhip, and farther, that it was 
 now too late, fince I had already difpatched Ho men to 
 take all they could find. Soon after this, the pinnace 
 arrived, which I had fo long given over for loll, with 
 all her crew, but they were lo much terrified that I 
 h.td no hopes of their being fit for fervice in any 
 reafonable time. The officer had no excufe for not 
 returning as foon as he got fight of the town, but that 
 the tide hurried him away at unawares, and that in 
 the night he had forgot that he had a grappling in the 
 boat, to come to with, till the tide fhifted. I faid 
 but little, and only made the officer fenfible of his 
 mifmanagement, which had been the ruin of the ad- 
 vantageous views I might have had in taking either 
 Ch.icao or Calibuco. 
 
 Uy the i6th of December we had our decks full of 
 live cattle, fuch as EuroiKian (heep, hogs, poultry, 
 bi fides wheat, barhy, potatoes, maize, and Indian 
 corn ; and, in fliort, I computed that I had added 
 ouc month's provifions to what remained of our In- 
 dian (lock, and that without thclcaft moleltation from 
 the enemy. The next day we began to unmoor, and 
 at noon we weighed, and failed out with the w ind at 
 W. S. W. The day before wc departed, one of our 
 men made his efcape into the woods. It was beyond 
 all difpute that this fellow would give a full account 
 of us. This, added to the ill conduct of my lieuten- 
 ant, together with the contrary execution of all my 
 orders by thofe officers whom I had hitherto intruded 
 in affairs of importance, made me defpair of e\er 
 having any thing done to the purpofe ; and, on this 
 occafion, I could not forbear reflecting on the con- 
 duiSt of fomc gentlemen in England, who blindlv 
 made ufcof their intercft to prefer perfons to poll;, for 
 v.liich they were utterly unfit, 
 
 I failed from Chiloc with adefign fo go ftrait to the 
 ifland of Juan Fernandez, but was prevented by my 
 people, who were polUlkd willi notions of valt ad- 
 vantages to be made by go:ng lo the port of Concep- 
 tion. It was our Frenchm.ni, who had been fo hh 
 ilrumeni.d in our attempt in Cliiloe that was the cauiij 
 of this. Finding his accounts hitherto tuler.ibly juft, 
 they once more lillencd to liini ; and every one of my 
 Ihip's company who would f.iy any thing at this junc- 
 ture, did not fail to fpeak his mind foniewhat inlo- 
 lently j particularly William Morphew, one of the 
 men I had out of the Ruby, and who had been in 
 thele leas ('evcral years, took upon him to tell me lliitt 
 it would not fignify much whether we arrived two or 
 three days fooner or later at Juan Fernandez. That 
 I was a (Iranger here; but that the Fuiichinan and 
 himfelf were well acquainted with thcfc ix:!;, and 
 that every body hoped I would be advifed, a:J go to 
 the port of Conception, and not put a mere punc- 
 tilio of orders in the balance againll a certainty of 
 fucccfs, if we were fo hap))y as to arrive in time at 
 that port. Confidcring how cafily tlicy might Ikj 
 brought to throw off all command, and how little 1 
 was able lohclp my(-lf .ilone, I complied with them 
 [as people are cafily perfuaded to what they like] and 
 on December the 23d wc arrived in the bav, from Captain Sid- 
 w hence 1 oideri'd the boats well manned and aimed to ™'^''- aimo a 
 go up in the niglit, to farprife what vcliels might be ^•'""'^'^r'"'"- 
 in the harbour, and to make what obfervations they 
 could concerning the place. Captain Hatley returned 
 about noon with the pinnace, and informed me t'lat 
 he h.id taken the Solidad de And.iy of 150 tons (the 
 only fliip in the road or port) which was ! itcly como 
 from Baldivia, laden with timber, but hud on board 
 only the boatfwain, an old negro, and four Indian 
 boys. He took alfo a fn..ill vellbl of 25 tons, near 
 the ifle of Quiriquine, which belonged to a pricjl who 
 had been gathering fruits, and was now mode a pri- 
 foner in her, together with four or five Indians. This 
 veflel we found very ufeful, and called her the Mer- 
 cury, being well built, and ready on all occafions to 
 look into the port. There was another finall vcffel 
 that paflcd within piffol-lhot, but Captain Hatley ne- 
 ver once offered to follow her, or bring her to. He 
 truly faid he did not mind [obfervcj her, though hi.) 
 boat's crew all .igreed ftie was full of men. This veflel 
 was bringing advice of us from Chiloe. I did not 
 fail to reprimand him for this, but to no effect. 
 
 On the 20th of December, the prieft being very 
 folicitous to ranfotn his bark, he left the (hip in the 
 morning, and, in my pinnace rowed by Indians, went 
 a-fliorc to get money for that purpofe. At noon, Mr. 
 Brooks, the firft lieutenant, brought down thc'lliip 
 we had taken, and anchored her about half a mile 
 Hiort of us. The boatfwain of her had not been on 
 board above two hours before he gave nic information 
 of a veffel lailcn with wine, brandy, and other things, 
 bound to the ifland of Chiloe, lying at anchor in the 
 bay of Herr.id.ura, about two leagues to the north- 
 ward of us. Hither I ordered Mi. R^iiulal, our fe- 
 cond lieutenant, with the boatfwain of the Solidad, 
 and 25 men to go ; with pofiilve orders not to fet a 
 foot on fliorc, or make any hazardous atteni|it what- 
 ever. But the next evening they returned with a dif- 
 inal ftory, that they went into the bay, and finding 
 the veffel hauled dry on fllore, the officer ordered the 
 people to land, and bring away what they could out 
 of her ; but their carrctr w.is foon (lopped ; for they 
 had no fooner got upon the bank j than they difco\ered '^ Sl.irm.ih 
 the enemy ruffling out furioufly upon tliem. They ''"'-• 
 all cfcapcd except five, who were o\ertakrn in flioal 
 water, and they all agreed that thofe five were cut to 
 pieces. The Spaniards came down upon them, pre- 
 ceded by 20 or 30 horfes ahreall, linked to each other. 
 Thcfe were two deep, then came the enemy, mounted, 
 andlving ujion their horfes n'-ek'i, driving the others 
 before them. They were not once lecn to fit upright 
 in their fiddles, except when the'-e was no danger, or 
 to fire their mufqucf^. — IMiis new addition to our mif- 
 fortuiics quite dilpiritcd lliegiea'.eU pait of iny fuip'» 
 
 couipuny. 
 
C L I P P K R T O N AND S H E L V O C K. 
 
 09 
 
 ;>pTain SIcl- 
 k-ock aliivcsat 
 L'unccftKW. 
 
 A Sl.iiir/.lli 
 
 I^oihpany. Notliiiij; was hdvv IkmrI but murmuring, 
 nml curling the South Stas, and declarin;; It this was 
 making theii forlinu-, they had better Itaid at home, 
 and begged about the lirttts ; liutjultasi was expof- 
 tulatlng with Mr. R.uulall, who conducted tliis un- 
 fortunate undcrtakinr;, I was agreeably lurpril'ed with 
 the fight of a large Ihip, which we law comina; about 
 the northcrnmort point of the iflarid of Qiiiriiiuine. 
 It was almoll dark, and Ihe could not perceive what 
 we were, fo that (he flood towards us without fear. 
 Asfoon as ihe approached near enough, I hailtd her, 
 to which flie returned no anfwcr, ami 1 fired into her. 
 This was no fooner done, th in (hi: came to, and called 
 for quarter. She was called the St. Kermin, and came 
 from Calao, burden about 300 tons, and « as laden 
 with fugar, melafles, rice, coarfe French linen, and 
 fome cloaths of Quito, together with a fmall quan- 
 tity of chocolate, and about 5 or 6c30 ilollars in mo- 
 ney and wrought plate. I lent Mr. Hcndric (the agent 
 for prizes) to iiifpeck her lading, and to order every 
 thing he could lind valuable out of her, and the Ihip's 
 company fent their agent likcwile. In the afternoon 
 they returned, and brought all the bales, boxes, 
 chelts, portmanteau'-:, &c. that were in her ; ..iuh'lfo 
 all the rice, witii a large quantity of fugar, MLhiile'., 
 and chocolate, and about 7000 welLrht of good rufk, 
 with all her cables and ftores. Don Krantiico Lar- 
 rayn, her captain, dcfired to ranfom his (hip, to wliich 
 I willingly conicnted, and fuffered him to l;o in hi-. 
 own launch for that purpofc. On the 30th :.e.cn; cami- 
 a boat with a flag of ti uce, which biouj;lit word th.i; 
 three only of our people were killed in the (kirmilhat 
 Herradura, the otller two wounded, bu; in a fair wav 
 of recovery, ^;ld th.nt the boat had brought advice 01 
 us, as I fufpei^ted, from the illand. The officer 
 brought me feveii jarsof very good wine, as a prefent 
 from the goveriu'r, with a letter full of civility, but 
 written with a ur.at deal of craft. He therein de- 
 ft red to fej my I -Jinmiflion, and then he would treat 
 witli me according to the law of arms. I therefore 
 font Mr. Betagh to Conception, with a copy of my 
 commiflion, the declaration of war, &c. ami foon 
 after Ut: returned with a Flemifli Jefuit, a Spanifll 
 lawyer, an Engliihman, and a Scotchman. The 
 Jefuit allured me he was only come to pay his refpeii's 
 tome, and to do his utmoit to promote . the affair of 
 the ranfom, and bring it to an immediate conclufion 
 'I'hcreforc, the firll thing I did was to (hew my com- 
 million to the £ngli(hman, who read it in Spaniih 
 The Jefuit then told me that the captain of the St 
 Fermin and Solidad, had refolvcd to give me 12,000 
 dollars, and the Mercury ineliided, inllead of i6,oco 
 dollars, which I had infilled on for the St. Fermin 
 only. To this I pofitively anfweied, that all their 
 perfu,ifions, artifices, and pretences, (hould never 
 make me agree with them. We had taken, in the St. 
 Fermin, ten large filvcr candlefticks, each of them 
 weighing about 25 pounds fterling. The holy fa- 
 ther, in a very fuppliant manner, reprcfented to me 
 that they were a legacy to his convent, and faid he 
 hopcil I would make no difpujtc of fo noble a charity. 
 I offered to let him have them for their weight, 
 which confidering the great price they pay in thofe 
 parts for the fafliion of wrought plate, was a \ery ad- 
 vantageous offer i but he faid they never bought any 
 tiling for facred ufes j ' and that, as the workmen put a 
 great ileal of alloy into plate, it would be difficult to 
 determine the different value of the dollars and the 
 candleflicks : So, after many needltfs difputes, 
 both about this and the ranfom of the (hips, the Je- 
 fuit and the red affirming that the captain of the St. 
 Fermin, &c. were not able toraife above 12,000 dol- 
 lars, there was nothing done. Two days palfing with- 
 out any news from the governor, I began to be cer- 
 tainly convinced that they had fomcthing in view 
 more than the accoramodationxif the ranfom j but on the 
 4th, my two wounded men came on board, and brought 
 a letter with them, importing, 'I'hat as the prifoners 
 were now fent back, the governor hoped 110 difficulty 
 would remain to prevent my fending on (hyrc all the 
 6 
 
 prifoners belonging to him. [But the Ciptain bearing 
 no further news from the tnwn, he biuiud lii- lliips, <— 
 and at length let fail t<i Juan I iiaiidez ; .■.ikI wlnllt 
 tlieywereon their v. ay the pliii. ;■.:■ was fold b'f'ire th'; 
 mafl, and the men had their rerpetl.Ne Ihi'res .illntti'.l 
 them. They arrived at the ill.tnd, in the middle ct 
 January, and found the name ol .Ma.:ce cut en the 
 tree, as has been related in Ciipperton',-, vtiy '.;:.■. The 
 writer here takes octil'on to cxci.u;n a';ainU the e^'m- 
 mtinJer for not having left him any direclioa , ■•.Inch 
 he fays wis a lign that he n^ver inlendid they 
 (hould J!:iii again j. however he could not but be cer- 
 tain ihit the Sucecl'i had been there, and leaving the 
 illand, let fail to iheiioriliwnrd. 1 
 
 (Jnthejill of January (continues he) havi'ig a 
 ilefign to look into Copaipo, as 1 went along Ihore, 1 
 fent Mr. Dodd, the fecond lieutenant of marines, with 
 eight men, as a reinforcement to the Mercury's crew ; 
 and the next evening tluy left us, fleering for the 
 land, whilfl I kept a proper oiling, to pivvent our 
 being difcovered. The next day the officer returned, 
 and toM me he had looked into the port, but could 
 l(?e no (hipi ing there ; on which I niaJe him fcn- 
 li'ole of h:. ernn', and lent him to the rij,ht pl.ice, 
 which was about hx Ka^':..s i.i the norihward of us, 
 and ordered him to be ready to look into C.ildern by 
 day-light the next morning. They did lo, ar.J law 
 nothing; but inflead of making life "f [lie l.;nd-wind 
 tocomcoff tome, they kept along ihovc till the lea- 
 I'reeze came on, and could not cume to me till the 
 iiiorninjj after, bv which means the\ liinderej ire ot 
 .ilmoll a whole day and night's f.iiling ; and in this 
 vexatious manner weie all my orders executed. On 
 the 5th of February, 1 dil'patched Air. Drooks a-litaJ 
 to difcovcr if there were any (hijiping in Arica, and 
 the next day I had light of the head-land of Arica, 
 and the illand of (Juano, with a (hip at anchor on the 
 northern fide of it. I law the Mercury Ihuuling out 
 of the bay, by which 1 judged the (liip was too warm 
 for her, and therefore made all pollible haflc to get up 
 to her with ourlhip. When 1 came into the port, 1 
 found that theveflbl w.ns already taken, and the Mer- 
 cury only accidentally went a-drift. This prize was 
 called 'I'hc Rofario, of about 100 tons, laden with 
 cormorant's dung, which the Spaniards call guana, 
 and which is brought from the illand of Iquique for 
 the culture of the agi or cod-pepper, in the vale of 
 Arica. There was no white face in her but the pilot, 
 to whom I fent, to fee if her owner would ranfom her. 
 At fovcn o'clock in the morning I received a letter 
 from the owner, cxprcffing his poverty, and declaring 
 his readinefs to comply, to the utmoli of his power; 
 and the hoiicft man was as good as his word. 1 
 agreed upon reftoring him his fliip and fix negros, for 
 1500 pieces of eight, and he was fo punflual and ex- 
 peditious, that at ten the next night he brought the 
 ranjbin agreed for. Soon after the receipt of this, 
 we took a velli:l of about ten tons, as (he w.as coming 
 into the road with a cargo of dried fi(h and guana, 
 within a mile of the town. The mafter of this bark 
 likcwifc came off uponabalfe [one of the feal-lkiii 
 boats already defcribcd.] On this he brought off two 
 jars of brandy, and 40 pieces of eight for his ran- 
 fom, which, confidering his mean appearance, was 
 as much as I could have cxpeded. One n.irt of his 
 freight was valuable, which was the drieil filli. 
 
 Salingfrom Arica, Captain Shclvock tell in again 
 with the Wile Solomon, in the road of Hillo, who 
 feemingdctermined to proteft certain vcU'els that were 
 with him, the Engl ifh m-ule no attempt upon them, 
 but proceeded on their voyage, a moiety of the mon.y 
 taken at Arica being divided among them on the 2d of 
 February ; and on the 22d of the fame month, they 
 came a-brcall of Callao, but attempted nothing. — 
 
 On the 26th, fays Captain SheUock, the officers 
 in the Mercury defired to be relieved ; and it being 
 Captain Hatley's turn to go in her, he propofed to me 
 that he might continue along (hore, till wc had got 
 the length of Lobos, in 7" fouth lat. I could not but 
 approve of this, confidering the probabilitv there was 
 
 of 
 
•t 
 
 1(^0 
 
 THE V O Y A (5 E S OF 
 
 '7«3 
 
 of his meeting wit!i tiic P.uuma flilps ; anil f vtry body 
 being well pItalcJ, I adiitd to thrlr rompleincnt ot' 
 men, and gave them a month's provifions, mounted 
 two of our quarter-deck j;uns on the .Mercury, and 
 lent Captain Hatlcy my pinnace. As ("o(«i as every 
 thing was ready for their departure. Captain Uctagh, 
 whole duty it was to relieve the marine otGccr in the 
 Mercury, being unwilliii;; to go on this party* ad- 
 (Ireded himfelf to the |)cople, and with a fearful coun- 
 tenance faid, that he and they who were to go with him 
 were fcnt for a facrilice, and many other expreflions 
 tending to create a general mutiny., I now imai;ined 
 no lefs than that he was about to adt what he had 
 tlire.itt-niil me, when he told mc it fhouUI be 4 flioit 
 voyaijc with me j and therefore I dciircd to Icnon' of 
 the (hip's company, who amongft them was of Ue- 
 taph's opinion ? 'I'heir anfvver, with one voice., was, 
 " None." This done, I orilercd the Mcrcurv along- 
 Tidc, and Hatley and Betagh went on board of lier j 
 putting oft' from us, they gave us three rKccrs, and 
 Aood right in for tlie land, in latitude, by cofervation, 
 of 10' 9' fouth. The very next day, ihcy took a 
 fmall bark laden with rice, chocolate, wheat flour, 
 and the like. The day followinc; they took another. 
 On the 7th day of their abfencc they made thcmfelves 
 maftcis of a (hip of near 200 tons burden, wor'h 
 150,000 pieces of eight. Fluflied with this Cuccels, 
 it fcems Betagh prevailed on Hat'ey and the greater 
 jiart of the people with them, to lay hold of the op- 
 portunity, and go to India. But t'.icv had nofoonor 
 clapped their liclm a-weather, than they faw a fail 
 ftanding towards them, which in cffciSf proved to be 
 a Spanijh man of war, that caught them, and put an 
 end to their India voyage, I'hc Engliih prifoncrs 
 were treated but indift'erently ; but it appears that Be- 
 t.igh, who was of their religion, and of a nation that 
 the Spaniards aft'e<£l to be fond of, was made an officer, 
 and ufed very refpcclfully. This he certainly defervetl, 
 at their hands ; for he gave them an account of the 
 whole fcheme of our voyage, and not only informed 
 them of what we had done, hut all'o of what I de- 
 figned to do ; fo that thcv did not doubt but I my- 
 (elf (hould be in the fame hands very fpecdily. We faw 
 a fail at anchor in the roads of (juanacho, on the 29th 
 day of February ; and at<I«v.-n in the morning we 
 came up and anchored along-Ade of her. There was 
 nobody on board, but two India men and a boy, who 
 informed us that there was a rich (hip in the Cove 
 of Payta, 
 
 March 21, at three in the afternoon, we faw the 
 Pena Oradado, or the Hf-lt iHthe rtit; and in an hour 
 afterwards, we entered the Cove of Pa\ta with French 
 colours flying. There we found only a frnall ftiip 
 at anchor, with her foiemaft cut, and her main-top- 
 maft unrigged; but the taking of this town being con- 
 (idercd in the fcheme of our \oyage as a matter of 
 great importance, I confiiltevl wit^ my officers con- 
 cerning the propereft method* of £;oing about it, at, 
 two o'clock the next morning I laiic^ed with 46 men, 
 leaving Mr, Coldfea, the maUer, and fome others, to 
 bring the (hip nearer in, that we might the more cx- 
 peditioully embark the plunder we might get, lieing 
 now on (horc, 1 marched up to the great church with- 
 out meeting any oppofition ; and indeed I found the 
 townentirelydei'crled by the inhabitants. At day-light 
 we faw what fcemed great bodies of men on the hill, 
 on each fide of us, who I expelled, when they had 
 viewed our ftrength, would have paid us a vlfit ; but 
 I found that at, we marclied up towards them, we 
 drove them before us. The remainder of the (fay 
 was fpent in (hipping o(Fwhat plunder we had got, 
 which confiited of hogs, fowle, brown and white ga- 
 ravanahs, Indian corn, wheat, flour, fugar, and as 
 much cocoa nut as we were able to ftow away, wiih 
 pans, and other conveniences for preparing it ; fo 
 thai we weic fupplied .with breakfa(t meat lor the 
 whole voyage, and were full of provifion's of one kind 
 or other. In the afternoon a meflcnger ciimc to us, 
 to know what I would take (or the raiif im of the 
 town, and (hip ; to which I aiifwered, That I would 
 
 have io,oco pieces ofii;.;!!!, and lima- to be paid in 
 twenty-four hours, if tlav intendi-d to f.ue ejiher. 
 But the goieinor ga\e m'ic Id undeittand, in plain 
 terms, that he neither could nor would i.inloni liie 
 town, and did not care what 1 diil with it, lo I Ipaiti 
 the churches. Having received this negative anlwer, 
 1 got every thing fcrvicc»blc out of the town, and in- 
 ftantly ordered it to be fct <m fire j and the houfifi Thc> luia 
 being extremely dry, confumed away apace. But nol'jyu. 
 fooncr was Payta in a blaze, tlian thufe on hoard made 
 fignals for mc to come off, and kept incedimtly firing 
 tow.vdii the muulli of the harbour, . On. dii$ i ordeicS 
 all my hands oft', and went firft on board my- 
 lelf in a canoe with three hands only 4 but be- 
 fore I had got half-way, (aw a large fliip lyijig with 
 her fore-top ("ails a-brack, and with a SpaniSi flag 
 flying at her fure-top-m.ilt ,hc.id. At thi* profpeiEt 
 two of my three people were ready to (ink, and when 
 I looked b.nck on the town,. I could not ibrbear 
 wifhing that I had not been fo bafty. Ai the admiral 
 was coming in with all his fails fp'rerd, Mr. ColUiea, 
 by the afli(fance of the few on buiird, tired .it him ('• 
 fmartly, that he ftoppcd the eiumv's career. The 
 Spaniard apprehending he (hould have hot work with 
 us, biought his (hip to, that he •might put himfelf 
 into a condition of making a vigorous attack upon 
 us. 'I'his ina(5tivity of the enemy i»ava me ai» op- 
 portunity of getting on board, and (uftcrcil- my men 
 to conic oft', about 50 in number ; but the Spaniard 
 was within pitf(d (l»t brfore they had all got into tin 
 fliip ; upon which we cut our cable, but our (hip fall- 
 ing the wrong way, I had but juit room enough to 
 fail clear of him. Being nowcloli: by him, hisiormi- 
 dubic ap|)earance (fiuck an unKerfal damp on every 
 one's. fpirits ; .and I myfclf could tbrefce nothing but 
 that wc (hould be torn to pieces by him, and longed 
 for an opportunity to try our heels with him, while 
 our malts were (landing. I cxpcded every minute 
 that he would board us, and upon hearing a (hout 
 among them, I concluded they had now come to that 
 refolution ; but I prefcntly faw that the occafion of 
 this joy was their having (hot down our enfign ftafF, 
 upon which, they (being our enfign trailing in the 
 wiUer, were in hopes we had Aruck ; however, I foon 
 undeceived them by fpreading a new enfign in themiz- 
 zcn Ihrouds. Upon this Tight they lay fnug, and 
 held their way upon our quarter. At laft-, defign- 
 ingtodoourbufinelsatonce, they clapjied their helm 
 well a-ftarboard, to bring their whole broadfidc to 
 point at us, but their fire had but little eft'eft, they 
 muzzled themfclvcs, and all flood faft with us. This 
 gave me time to get both a-hcad and to windward of 
 him, before he could fill his fails again. And now I 
 found that if our mafts, which were by this time but 
 flcndcrly fuppurtcd, would bear what fail we h,-id 
 aboard, wc ftiould foon (leal away from him. After 
 this, he was in,a great hurry to get his fprit-fail yard 
 fore and aft, threatening us very bird, and plying 
 us with his fore chace j but wc were f(X)n out of his 
 reach, and all hands were immediately emidovcd in 
 repairing our diunages. This (hip was called the 
 Perearine, of 56 guns, with upwards of 450 men on 
 board her. During this adlion, we had not a man 
 killed or wounded, although the enemy often hulled 
 us iind CHicc in particular, a (hot coining into one 
 of our ports, difmounied one of our guns V^^'een 
 decks, tearing o(f the nut of the gun, and breaking it 
 into a great many piecrs, which flew fore and aft, in 
 the micd of a crowd of people, but without hurting 
 any of them. Our ftcrn was much (battered, and our 
 rigging much difahluJ, Our main-mad w;;b a little 
 wounded, yet (lood a long while with only one good 
 (hroud to fupport it. Our forcmaft fared little bet- 
 ter, yet I kept all the canvas, except the main-top. 
 gallant-lail at hard-bat's end. An utducky (hot 
 took llie bow of our launch, as (he lay upon the 
 quarter, and let fire to (i>ine cartridges of powder, 
 which were liegligintly loft in her, and which blew 
 away her moorings ^ and we loft her. Seeing agre.it 
 fmukt aril'e from the quarccr, at tirft I ima;^ini'd fome 
 
 about 
 
 .^^'-. 
 
••♦• 
 
 *«. 
 
 CLIP"K RTON AND S H E L V O C K. 
 
 lOI 
 
 
 acciiloiit hail lia|>|H-iied within b<)a)-d. In fliort, in 
 about three clalLs, wc ggt clcir ol' the admiral, who 
 tucked and (tuud in t'ur rayta, and we Ihoncncd fail. 
 A narrower cfciipe Irum an enemy could not well 
 have been made, cunlideriiig the valt difFeroncc be- 
 tween us as to force. I'lie Spaniard had 56 guns, 
 as has been faid, and we, on the contrary, had but 20 
 mounted j they 450 men, we, on our part did not 
 exceed 75 J and 11 negros and two Indians were in- 
 cluded in that number. He had farther this great 
 cxlds over u!>, of being in a fettled rcadinefs, whiUl 
 we were in tiie utinoll confufion. As for our fmall 
 arnif, they were wet and ufelefs to us ( and what was 
 more, in the midft of the engagement, one third of my 
 people inftead of fighting were hard at work to make 
 farther preparation for an obftinate refinance, if we 
 had been puihed to extremities i and, particularly the 
 carpenter and his crew, were bufy in making ports 
 for ftcrn-chafc guns, which, as it happened, we made 
 no ufe of. Upon the whole, we had the good fortune 
 to cfcape this danger, which was the more to be 
 dreaded, becaufe, as we had fet fire to the town, they 
 were probably exafpcrAted, on account of the churches 
 which I never intended to deliroy ; and if we had 
 fallen into their hands, they might have given us but 
 uncomfortable quarters. At the beft, nowcver, it 
 cannot but be allowed to have been a moll unfoitunate 
 affair. The lofs of my boat and anchor was irrepar- 
 able, and may be faid to be the caufe of that fcenc of 
 trouble which will take up the remainder of this nar- 
 rative i for we had now but one anchor, that at 
 Payta being the third we had loft and we were 
 beiides deftitute of a boat of any kind. At five the 
 fame evening, we faw n fail tmdcr our lee-bow, which 
 I look to be the prize that we had left to cruife for 
 us near the Saddle of Payta, and we therefore flood 
 to the weftward all night, and the next morning we 
 (aw two fail a-flern of us. I tacked, and ftood to- 
 wards them, and, in a little time could fee that one 
 of them was ftanding in for Payta, while the other 
 kept ftcmminz with us i but the nearer I approached 
 her, the lefs I liked her, and could not but think it 
 advifeablc to put my (hip about and crowd fail 
 from her. However, Ihc gained upon us, and ad- 
 vanced near enough to (hew us Ihc was the Brilliant, 
 the admiral's contort. She was a French-built fliip, I 
 of 36 guns, manned with ])eople of that nation and | 
 other huropcans. She was handfomely rigged, which 
 is rare to be fecn in thofe parts, and failed almoft two 
 feet for our one i fo that notwilhltanding we had a 
 calm almoft all the heat of the day, fhe neared us 
 apace. But night coming on I m.idc ufe of the old 
 ilratagrm (I thought it might be new here) of turn- 
 ing a light adrift in a half tub, inftead of a boat, 
 darkening one part of the lanthorn, that it might ap- 
 pear the more like a fhip's light, and then immediately 
 altered my courfe. As the day broke, I hauled all 
 my fails, and in full day- light could perceive nothing 
 of the enemy. I'his was the fhip wherein Betagh 
 was fo much rcfpcdled ; and by his advice it was, as 1 
 have been told, that the admiral ordered hisconfort to 
 ply up to windward to Lobos, our firft place of ren 
 dczvous, while he himfelf came to Payta, in fearch of 
 us. This feparation, though intended as a fure me- 
 thod to catch us, very fortunately proved to be the 
 means of our prcfervation. Being thus clofely pur- 
 fued, I took an offing of thirty leagues from the 
 ihore, and then brought to, in order to confldcr what 
 I had beft do. I was flill in the dark, as to my con- 
 fort, an embargo, as I was told at Payta, was laid on 
 •11 Ihipping to leeward, for the term of fix months, 
 our prize, which I deftgned to make a fire-(hip 
 of, was taken by the Brilliant, and I was ignorant 
 what was become of the Mercury. 
 
 In the midft of all this peril and perplfxity, I 
 called my officers together, to let them know that it 
 was my opinion, as we were then circumftanccd, we 
 had a better profpc£l to windward than to leeward ; 
 that on the coaft cf Chili we fhould not be in the 
 leaft fufpeiSled, and fhould ac tltc fame time, in 
 Vol. I. N' 10. 
 
 17;.') 
 
 , C;i|v.ain Slitl- 
 
 the mofl eficklual manner, efcapc the enemy's men 
 of war ) that after taking in watir at Ju in Kern.indez, 
 wc might cruile out the whole d-.ilon oft' tlie I'orts 
 Conception, Valparaifo, and Co(|ulniboi where, 
 among the fhippin^^ we might he Itockeu a ith anchor:;, 
 cables, boats, and a vell'e' to ■'••.ut into a hie-fhip, 
 on which IgreatlydepenJed. Ah tu;- liciii^\ iinivtrliliy . 
 approved of, we llretched away to 'lie wiiulwiiil. My 
 intentions, after this, »veie tixed upon 11 ■ eo-.dl of 
 Mexico. I'lierc I pii/pofed to run to the hui, lit of 
 Tres Marias, and C.ilifornia, as thcmoii likely places 
 to meet with the Succcfs. 'I'hefe two places would 
 have Ixen commixlious, the firft for falling ol tuitle, 
 and the laft for wood and water, and for layiiiL myfelf 
 in the tra£l of the Manilla (hip, which if 1 lliould 
 have had the fortune to meet with, and a lire-fhip « ith 
 me, 1 would have tried what I could have done willi 
 her. [As they were purfuinc their courfe, Captain 
 Shelvock's people found a leak in the powder room; 
 which fpoilcd all the powder except fix barrels ; the 
 leak, however, being Uopped they proceeded on their 
 voyage.] 
 
 On the nth of May, continues the Captain, 'we 
 faw the illand of Juan Fernandez. Here I plied off 
 and on, till the 21ft a hard gate arolc, and brought 
 with it a tumbling fe», I'u that in a few hours our 
 cable, which was never wet before, parted, and in- 
 evitable fhipwrcck appeared before our eyes. But 
 Providence fo far intcrpofed in our behalf, that if wu 
 had ftruck but a cable's length farther to the eaftward 
 or weftward of the place where we did, wc muft all 
 certainly have perifhcd. Our main-maft, fore-maft, 
 and mizzen top-mail went all away together 
 happy it was for us that they did fo ; for, by making (hunviti-k 
 them ferve by way of raft, and by the help of thofe 
 who were on fliore before the wind came on, we were 
 all faved except one man. In the midll of this fur- 
 prife, the firft thing I took care o(, was my commilTion, 
 and, remembering the powder to be uppermoft in 
 the bread-room, Igot moft of it up, with about feven 
 or eight bags of bread. Thefe wc faved, as the fhip 
 did not go to pieces immediately ; however, in a few 
 minutes after fhe ftruck, fhe was full of water. We 
 faved, notwithftanding, two or three compalTes and 
 fome of our mathematical inftruments, and books. 
 When wc firft got on fhore, wc were without any 
 thing necefTary for our relief; not fo much as a 
 feat whereon to reft our harraffcd limbs, except the 
 cold ground, which was to be our bed and pillow.— 
 In the evening all the officers came to confult with 
 me how we fhould get fome nccefliirics out of the 
 wreck j and having, ny this time, lighted a fire, wc 
 wrapped ourfelves in what we could get, laid ourfclvcs 
 round it, and, notwithftanding the badnefs of the 
 weather, flept very found. But the next morning, 
 getting up with the firft glimpfe of day-light, wc 
 looked at each other like men awaked out of a dream ; 
 fo great and fo fudden was the melancholy change in 
 our condition, that we could fcarcely truft to our 
 fenfes. I went immediately among the people, to fct 
 them about the work wc h.id refolved upon the ni;>ht 
 before ; but they were fo far fcattered that there was 
 no getting them together, or we might probably have 
 regained all our beef and pork. This opportunity was 
 loft by their eagernefs to build huts and tenti^, in 
 order to fettle themfelves for good ; for, while they 
 were thus employed, a furious gale of wind came on, 
 which deftroyed all the provifions in the ftiip, except 
 one cafk of beef, and one of Farina de Pao, which 
 were wafhed whole on the ftrand. I had faved 
 1 100 dollars, belonging to the gentlemen adventurers, 
 which were kept in my cheft in the great cabin ; the 
 reft being put in the bottom of tlie bread-room for fe- 
 curity, could not poffibly be come at. — I found a 
 very commodious fpot of ground, about half a mile 
 from the fi;a, on which I fet up my tent. There was 
 a fine run of uatcr within a ftone'scaft of it, on each 
 fide, with firing near at hand, and trees proper for our 
 ufe. The people fetrled within call about me, in the 
 beft manner they could ; and having fccured ourli^lves 
 I £ e agaijift 
 
103 
 
 THE VOYAGES OP 
 
 720 
 
 wreck. 
 
 i 
 
 againfl tiie inclemencies of the weather> we ufed to pafs 
 our time in the even round a great lire, reading cray- 
 fifti In the irnbcrs. 
 
 I now began to thinic of building fuch a veflel from 
 the wreck ns might carry us all oft at once from this 
 illand ; and, fur that purpofe, confulled with the 
 carpenter, but was alloniihed at his anfwcrin^, " That 
 he could not make brick without llraw," and walking 
 aw;iy from me in a furly humour. From him I went 
 to the armourer, and alked him what he could do to- 
 ^va^ds building a fmall vclTel for us. He anfwcrcd. 
 That he hoped he could do all the iron work ; that 
 he had with much labour got his bellows out of the 
 wreck, and that he did not doubt but we (hould find 
 a great many other ufeful things when we came to f.-t 
 about a fearcli for them in good earncit. [In effeil 
 after much trouble the captain perfuaded them to fct 
 about the bark, but they went on with the work jull 
 .18 thev picafed ; and one among them of the name of 
 Morphcw, in the name of the company ufeil his com- 
 mander with much inl'olence. 'I'hty were divided 
 into parties, but this difagreemcnt among themfelves 
 at length brought them b.ick in fome degree to their 
 duty, and after paying the carpenter afumof money 
 agreed on, the veilel at length was linifhed, but 
 patched up in a ftrange manner to fcrve the prcfent 
 exigency. In the mean time the boat was completed 
 which liad been begun by the armourer ; this boat was 
 cmplnytd in hilling, and a quantity of conger eels 
 was cured for a fupply of pro\ ifions.J 
 
 I!ut now (continues our voyager) having done all 
 A l>srk Iiuilt ^yg could when we came to put in water, to {ry the 
 u'rciii tightncfs of our work, it was (ollowcd by an univerfal 
 
 outcry (if " A fieve ! A ficve!" I was afraid the 
 people would have dctpaired, and dcfilied from ufing 
 any farther means ; but in a little time, with incelTant 
 labour, we repaired the (hip's pumps, and fitted them 
 tijoiirbark, and the next Ipring-tide, which was on 
 the 5rh of October, we found means t<i launch her. 
 As lliL- went otf the blocks, 1 named her 77i/ Recovtry ; 
 ihuu^'h I was fadiy afraid of hearing ill news from 
 thtiff a-float in her : but all proved indifterently 
 \vc!l : and I knew it to be dangerous to lie here long, 
 cfpieially having no other anchor than a great ftone 
 and a flight ropu to hold her with, while the leaft putF 
 of wind might have driven her upon the rocks, and 
 deftroyed lier ; we therefore got all the water oft' that 
 dav, which we did fo much theeafierand quieter be- 
 c.iufe the calks were ready flowed in the hold. Our 
 vefll'l had two mafts, and was about 20 tons burden ; 
 and, to my great latisfa(5iion, I found that one pump 
 conftantly working kept her free. The next day we 
 got every one on board, and embarked, leaving behind 
 us eleven or twelve who hnd delcrtcd us. They were 
 deaf to all perfuafions, and, in fliort, fcnt me word, 
 'l"hcv were not yet prepared for the other world j fo 
 they, together with the like number of blacks and 
 Indians, remained on the iOand. 
 
 This ifland enjoys a fine wholefom air ; infomuch 
 , that out of 70 of us that were on it for the fpace of 
 five months and eleven days, not one of us had an 
 hour's ficknefs, notwithftanding wc fed on foul diet 
 without bread or fait. For my own part, I muft .ic- 
 knowledge the bounty of providence ; for altho' I loft 
 iniicli of my flelh ; yet from being before very corpu- 
 lent, and almoft crippled with the gout, I became one 
 of ilie ftrongefb.ind moft aftive men on the idand. — 
 On tlie tops of fomcof the mountains here, are plains 
 covered with groves of Italian laurel. Palm-trees are 
 liktvvifc found in moft parts, growing in fmooth joints 
 like a cane, to the height of 30 or 40 feet : what fea- 
 nu II call palm cabbage, is the very fubftance of the 
 hind of this tree, which being cut off", there is found 
 inclofid in it a white and tender young cabbage ; but 
 fur every one that wc got, we were obliged to cut down 
 a fine lofty tree. The northern part of the id; nd is 
 very well watered, and the water keeps well at fca, and 
 is as good as sny in the world, Down the weftern 
 peak del(:eiid two cafcades, to appearance at leafl ^00 
 kct perpendicular, which, with the palm-trees that 
 
 Sliclvock's 
 fiLTciiptto'i 
 tl.i iiUdiI. 
 
 
 hunger by one meal of it, than by four or five from 
 
 Sc.1 linns a' d 
 
 grow up clofc by the edges of them, exhibit a Very 
 grand and romantic profpcdt. We might have found 
 goats enough on the mountains, if wc had been able 
 to follow them, and cats were fo numerous that there 
 was hardly fuch a thing as taking a Hep without ftart* 
 ing one. Thofe whole ftomachs could bear their 
 flelh for food, found a more fubllantial relief from 
 
 that"of filh 
 
 The Spaniards, who firft ftocked this ifland with 
 goats, endeavoured afterwards todelfroy thefe goats by 
 Jogs, which are likewife very nunlerous ) but the 
 former have many inacceflible places of refuge where 
 no dogs can follow them -, and Itill continue to alford 
 a fpecial fupply to ftrftngcrs. 
 
 While we were here, it was the feafon for the fea 
 lionelFes to come to land, to bring forth their ?'j',J'|""^' 
 young. Thefe have bodies of a monftrous bulk, be- 
 ing from ten to twelve feet long, and nearly as much 
 in circumference. I may venture to affirm that, one 
 with another, they would yield each a butt of train 
 oil. They are fo indolent, that as ltx)n as they have 
 gained the land, they fallaflc-ep, and in that condition 
 remain for a month fo torpid, that one might fire a 
 pillol at their heads without difturbing them : But 
 where the fea lionelTes lie, as they do in companies 
 after they have yeaned, to give fuck to their young, 
 there is always an old fea lion of the largcft fize incef- 
 fantly on the watch ; who at the approach of an ene- 
 my, makes a hideous roaring, threatening death to 
 him who fhould be fo hardy as to moleff his charge ; 
 and, in truth, were they not fo unwieldy, they would 
 be dcfperatc creatures to encounter. VVe were accuf- 
 tomed to walk among them without dread ; for all 
 hit thefe that were to take care of the young were bu- 
 ried in the prolbundeft flumbers. On the land they 
 ingender, and bring forth their young, who ingendcr 
 alio before they go oft", kgainft the next feafon ; (a 
 quickly do they increafe and propagate. The leals 
 here may be properly called fea woIvcj from the refeni- 
 blance their heads bear to thofe of wolves, dilfering in 
 that particular from thole of the northern Kemifphere, 
 where their heads are more like the dog's. They arc 
 naturally furly, and fnarl in a very angry manner, on 
 the approach of any body. Two fins compofe their 
 tails ( and with thefe they get along much fafter than 
 the fea lions. 
 
 Every thing one fees or hears on this ifland is dif- 
 ferent trom what is clfcwhere to be found. 1'hc 
 very ftru^iure of the ille, in all its parts, appears 
 with a certain favage, irregular beauty not to be ex- 
 prefted. The feveral prolpefls of lofty, inacceflible 
 hills in the day, and the folitarinefsof the gloomy, 
 narrow valleys in the night, added to the mixed, con- 
 fufed noife of the I urge, continually beating againft 
 the ftiore, the tumbling of the waters from an im- 
 menfe prccipice ; the roaring of the fca lions, and 
 fea wol/es, whofc voices are more or lefs Ihrill or 
 hoarli;, according to their youth or age, compofe fo 
 wild and horrible a medley, that the ftouteft man muft 
 be long accuftomed to it, before he can tafte the fweets 
 of refrefliing fleep, or wholly divert himfelf of ter- 
 ror. 
 
 We fet fail (continues the captain) on the Cth of 
 Oiflober, having nothing to fubfift on at fea but 
 fmoked conger eels, one calk of beef, four live hogs, 
 with three or four buflicls of farina. Wc were forty 
 in number, crowded together, and lying upon bun- 
 dles of the eels, with no convenience of keeping the 
 men clean, nor any thing to defend us from their 
 abominable ftench ; nor was there a drop of water to 
 be had, without fucking it out of the calk through a 
 pipe, which being ufed promilcuoully became intoler- 
 ably naufeous. The unfavouiy morfels daily eaten 
 amonft us, created perpetual quarrels, every one con- 
 tending for the frying-pan. All the convenience we 
 had for firing was only a half-tub filled with raith, 
 which rendered our cooking I'o tcdiou , that we h id a 
 continual noife of frying, from morning till night.— 
 Thus wc travcrfcd the ocean; happy, lit<wcver, in 
 
 ths 
 
>'»' 
 
 CLIPPpRTON AND SHELVOCK. 
 
 •03 
 
 Sea linns a J 
 
 the thought of beins once more aflaat« and cherifliing 
 the hope that fumething would liK-eJily fall into our 
 hands like to it i for not having above fix inches free 
 board, and our bark tumbling prodigioudy, the water 
 continually ran over us i and having only a grating 
 deck, and no tarpaulin to cover it, our pumps could 
 but iuil keep us free. 
 
 [Upon the fourth day of their new expedition they 
 fell in with a Spanilh veftcl called the Margarita, 
 which they attacked with vigour, but were three times 
 rcpulfcd. All night they lay by to provide flugs, 
 ammunition being extremely fcarce, and when dlf- 
 pofitions were made in the morning for boarding the 
 Spaniard, with a rclolution of carrying their pointer 
 fubmittinc to fupcrior force, a frcfli gale fpringing 
 up, bore tnc enemy away from the Englifli, and left 
 them to their own difagreeable reflexions. In their 
 engagements with this ftip the gunner was killed, and 
 the hrrt lieutenant, the mailer, and one of the Ihilors 
 were wounded.]—— 
 
 *' Our condition (fays the captain) now grew 
 worfe and worfe, for foon after we had parted from this 
 veflel, a hard gale came on, which lalKd for four days 
 without ccafing, during all which time, we had not 
 an hour's hope of living a minute. We were obligi-d 
 to feud away under bare poles, with our yaul in tow, 
 and, having but a fliort piece of boat-rnpc, on the 
 dcfccnt of every fw, we were in the grcatclt danger of 
 having the bark's item broken by the violence of the 
 boat's precipitate fall after us ; and once, in particular, 
 a great hollow fca was near throwing her on our deck 
 which would immediately have put an end to our 
 Captain Shcl- voyage. The excelfivc fright into which our people 
 »«k iaiU for were put by this ftorm, made many of them form a 
 I<iui(iue. refolution of going on ftjore with the firft opportu- 
 nity. In this extremity, calling to mind Mr. Fre- 
 zier's account of iquique, I mentioned the furprifal 
 of that place to the crew, which being univcrfally ap- 
 proved of, we directed our courfc tnithcr. It was 
 three weeks before wc got this length, and having 
 nothing to ride the hark with, we were obliged to 
 keep the fca with her, while the boat went between 
 the rocks, and was received by fnme Indians on the 
 They plunder ftrand with a kind of welcome. The men being land- 
 tlic village, ed, went to the lieutenant'^ houfe, broki it open, and 
 rummaged the whole village, where they found a booty 
 more valuable at that time than gold and filver. It 
 confined of about 50 bulhels of wheat flour, 120 of 
 calavances [or garavances] fome jerked beef, pork, 
 and mutton, fomc thoufand pounds weight of well 
 cured lifli ; a good number of fowls ; fomc rulk, and 
 four or five days eating of foft bread, together with 
 five or lix jars of Peruvian wine and brandy j and, to 
 crown all, they had the good fortune to find a boat 
 near the (hore, to brine oft-' the booty, which other- 
 wife would have been ot little ufe to us, our own boat 
 being alrc.idy fuflRciently laden with the men. The 
 fettlement of Iquique conftlts of about forty fcattered, 
 ill-built houfcs, which fcarcely deferve that name, 
 and a (mM church. There is not the lead verdure 
 to be feen in or about it, nor docs it afford of itfelf 
 the Icaft neceflary of life, not even water, which the 
 inhabitants are obliged to fetch in boats from Pifagua, 
 ten leagues to the northward. 
 
 Hy two Indian prifoi\ers that we took here, we were 
 informed that the lieutenant's boat was then at Pifa- 
 itua, and that it would not be long before her return. 
 Howcx-cr, being determined to make fome attempt in 
 the road of Le Nafco, in lat. 16" 1 and at Pil'co in 
 1 3' 45' fouth, we fet fail ; and the very morning we 
 rameofl^ the Sierra, or high-land of Le Nafco, two 
 hours before day-light we fell in with a large fliip, 
 the cireMinttances of our engaging her were much the 
 fame with thofe we had with the Margarita. We 
 met both at the fame time in the morning, and whilft 
 in purluit, had the misfortune of being becalmed. 
 We Itrugglcd with this laft for fix or kven hours, 
 and svere at lad obliged to leave her, becaufe the fea- 
 breezecameon fo ftrong, and the fea ran fo high, that 
 had (he been of no forte, our flight bark mull hare 
 
 gone in pieces before a third part of its could have 1720 
 entered her. The (hip was called the St. Krancifeo \jr\'>j» 
 Palaciot carrying 700 tons, eight guns, and ten pa- 
 tararoes, and was well manned, and provided with 
 fmall arms. This laft repulfc was made a pretence for 
 much murmuring : many defpairing of ever being able 
 to take any thing as our condition w.is, weie for 
 furrendering to the enemy who was all the night be- 
 calmed near uj. To prevent their dtfign, I took care 
 to remove the two boats out of their power, by order- 
 ing two men tnto each of them, fucli as I thought I 
 could trull, and to cad oflf from us at a little dlflancc^ 
 fo that none mi^rht cfcaue in them. Hut, notwith- 
 (landing the confidence I had in thefe four, the two 
 in the bed boat ran .away with her ; and, the next day 
 I was informe<l that the lieutenant and Morphcw had 
 made a party too llrong for me to oppofe, to go away 
 with the boat that was left ; but, it blowing frefli the 
 next night, they were prevented from executing their 
 dcflgn. 
 
 The next day we (tood into the road of Pifco, as 
 I had defigned, where we difcovered what appeared to 
 be a large (hip. We bore down to her, with a rel'olutd 
 defpair, and laid her athwart the huwl'e ) but, to our 
 great fatisfaflion, we met with no rcfift.uice, and weie j-^^^, ,^5 ^ ,^^^ 
 received by the captain and his officers „ith their ha'-; j^ij Mana. 
 off', in the mod fubmiflive manner, afking for quarter. 
 Before we came up, I bad ortlercd our boat to inter- 
 cept theirs, which, was going on fliore. The men 
 clapped her on board, but not holding fad, the y fell 
 adern, and could not fetch up with her a;:aiii j fo 
 that in this boat we lod every thing that nii;j;lit have 
 been valuable in the prize. She was a go(Kl (hip, of 
 about JOO tons, called the Jefu Maria, almoll l.ulen 
 with pitch, tar, copper, and plank, but nothing elfci 
 The captain ottered me 1600 dollars for her raiifom, 
 but, in my condition, I could not give ear to the 
 propofal. He informed me that the Margarita had 
 been arrived fome time at Callao, where Ihe had given 
 a full account of us ; that the captain of her and three 
 more were killed in the engagement, and the pried 
 and feveral others were wounded ; he laid (lie was 
 ready to put to fen again, with an addition of ten 
 guns and 50 men, to cruifc for us, and moreover, 
 that the Flying Fifh, a frigate of 28 guns was alrc.idy 
 out with the fame intent. Upon this advice, having 
 cleared our bark we g.ive her to the Spanilh captain, 
 and, as foon as the breeze fprung up, we weighed 
 and went to fca, and in going out met w ith our boat, 
 which left us in the night : they edged towards us, 
 imagining us to be Spaniards, by which means wc 
 got them again. The two fellows in her were almoll 
 dead, having had nothing to cat or drink for three 
 days, and had jud been afhore to kill feals, in order 
 to drink their blood. They had no excul'e forthem- 
 li'lves, but that they fell aflcep, and the faint breezes 
 of the night had wafted us awiiy from them, 
 
 Pifco being forty leagues to the windward of Cal- 
 lao. I kept clofe hauled till I had gained two degrees 
 ofling, and kept that didance till we had got well 
 to the northward of Callao, and hauled In again for 
 the land, a little to the fouthwnrd of Truxillo, and 
 looked into the roads of Malabriga and Cheripc j but 
 fe-eing; no (hips at thofe places, f palled between the 
 illands of LohosdcTierraand the continent, and, on 
 the 25th of November we found ourfelves near the 
 Saddle of Payta, where, having made fome prifoncrs, I 
 examined thcmconcerning the condition of the town, 
 which they anfwered was very poor at prel'ent, having 
 neither money nor provifions in it, and (hewed nie 
 a fmall bark on the (hore, which Captain ClippertoM 
 had fent in a little while before with fome of his pri- 
 foncrs, which had given them fuch an alarm, that 
 every thing h.id been again removed into the coun- 
 try. This unwelcome news did not hinder us from 
 keeping on our way, with our Spanilh colours flyings 
 till we came to the place of anchorage. No fooner 
 was our anchor down than I fent away Mr. Brooks 
 with both the boats armed with 24 men ; no more of 
 them, however, appeared than thofe who rowed, anJ 
 
 two 
 
 

 104 
 
 1720 
 
 I 
 
 i 
 
 
 
 THE VOYAGES OF 
 
 
 .!^ 
 
 two or tlirec Titters in each, the reft with their vms 
 lying ill the buttom ut' the boat. Thus they .idvaitccd 
 towards tlic town, without giving the leait umbrage 
 to the ii.hubitaiits, who were lb thoroughly pcrfuatleil 
 of our beiiiK Sp^uiiardt, that whcji the pioplu IjiideJ, 
 thoy I'ounJ tliuchiUlrcii phiying on (he b^'U-'h, who ran 
 away at the fight of ariiiitl men. In an inllaiit the 
 whole place was in conlulion 1 the town was ilelii ted, 
 and nothing lel't in it, but a icw bales ofcoarli' cloth, 
 about 5CO ol' dried dog lilb, two or three pedlars packs, 
 iuid a trifling quantity uf bread and iMett meats, 
 fo that nc unluckily had but little employment for 
 our boats. As we lay at anchor, we took a boat with 
 about 50 jars of Peruvian W'ine and brandy. The 
 mailer of which told us he was come by ftcalth from 
 Callao, there being orders that nqnc but ihips of 
 force fhould liir out. This man was the firft that 
 acquainted me with Captain Hatlcy's being taken. 
 From this place we diret^ted our courfc for the illand 
 of Gorgona, in the bay of Panama, and in our palF- 
 agc thither built a wooden cilterii, big enough to 
 hold ten tons of water, wherewith to fuuply our want 
 of cafks, as without the help of fome fuch contrivance, 
 we Ihould have but little hopes of ever being; able to 
 return home. In our way, we made the iflanuof Plate, 
 Cape St. Francis, and Gorgonella ; and on the 2d of 
 December v.q came to aji anchor to the leeward of the 
 northcrnmoft point of Goreona, witliin lei's than a 
 quarter of a mile from the fliore. Here we had the 
 advantage of filling our water cafks in tiic boat, the 
 water running in linall llreams into the lea, and cut 
 iIo'A'n our wood at high-water mark ; fo that in lefs 
 than 48 hours we had done our bufinefs here, and 
 hurried away to fea for fear of thefe who might be in 
 queft of us. 
 
 Having got out of the track of the enemies, we con- 
 fuUed on tlie bell methods of proceeding, when the 
 majority were for going directly over to the coaft of 
 Alia. Upon which we changed the fliip's name to 
 the Happy Return, and applied all our endeavours to- 
 wards abandoning thefe coafts ; but the winds and 
 currents were avcrfe to it; and thofe who oppofed our 
 departure clandeftincly, did fo much damage to our 
 ciltcrn, that the greatell part of our water leaked out 
 This, together with continual contrary winds and 
 dead calms, which detained us till our provilions were 
 milch exhaufted, rendered us incapable to undertake 
 fo long a run ; and therefore to furnifh us.with what 
 we wanted, I propofed a defcent on the ifland of 
 Quibo, inlat. 7''4o' north, where, by Captain Rogers's 
 account, I guelFcd there mull be people who lived in a 
 plentiful manner on the products of the country. 
 
 On the 13th of January, we anchored between 
 Qiiibo and the Ifle of Quivetta, in a fandy bay, com 
 modious for wooding and watering. The morning 
 after our arrival, we faw two large piraguas rowing 
 in for Quivetta with Spanilh colours flying, and after 
 a little debate whether it would be prudent for us to 
 attack them in our boat or not, it was now refolved at 
 all hazard, to go after them in our yawl. This en 
 terprize was commanded by Mr. Brooks, who found 
 the men on fhore, and brought away their piraguas, 
 nnd two prifoners, the ones mulatto, the other a ne- 
 gro : The reft fought for refuge in the wtxjds. The 
 mulatto mortified us very mucn, by telling us that a 
 velfel laden with provifions had pafled by us in the 
 night ; but, to make amends, promifed to condufl us 
 to a place where we might fupply ourfelves without 
 nny hazard, provided wc were not above two or three 
 days about it. No news could be more welcome to 
 us J wherefore we were very brifk in getting off our 
 wood and water ; and on the 19th of January, we got 
 I'afe in between Mariato and the illand of Sebaco, and 
 anchored in fix fathom water, over againft a green 
 field. Our guide defired we might be going three 
 hours at leaftl>efore day light, and faid that we fliould 
 be in good time at the plantations. Accordingly I 
 embarked at two the next morning in our own boat, 
 nnd ordered the two lieutenants in the two piraguas, 
 Ifcaving my foil and a few men with him to take care 
 6 
 
 of the (hip. Our guide cai rieJ ut up feme part of 
 iho river S. Martin, ami out of that into kveral u- 
 runchcs of vtrycuiious tMetks, anion;; mangroves, 
 where we had not room to row, which in:ule me lul- 
 ped heli.idnorooddelign iiiliisbtadi but We landed 
 jull at day bieuk, in a line lavanHah 01 phiin, and, 
 after a march vi' about llircc miles, came to twi> 
 farm-houfcs, the owners of which had made tliiir cf- 
 cape, except the wife and children of one houfe. The 
 place anfwered the man's defcription, being furround- 
 ed by numerous herds of black cattle, hogs, and 
 plenty of fowls of all forts | and here wc found fnmc 
 dried beef, plantains, and Indian corn, and were fup- 
 plied with a wholfome breakfall of hot cakcaiid milkj 
 a diet we had been lung unacquainted with. When 
 it came to be broad day, 1 faw our fliip clofo by us, 
 upon which I alked our mulatto how he came to bring 
 us fo far about ? Ho anfwered. There was a river be- 
 tween us, and he did not know whether it was ford- 
 able or not. I therefore lent fome men to try, who 
 found it was not above knee-deep. VVhireture, to 
 avoid the trouble of carrying our plunder fo far as we 
 had been led, I ordered our boats to row down the 
 river S. Martin, and to come to the beach ovcr-againft 
 the (hip. We had not been long here before the maf- 
 ter of the family we were with, being anxious for their 
 fafety, returned, and made .-in offer of as many of his 
 black cattle as we (hould think fit to require, which 
 offer we kindly received; and he brought us the number 
 we thought wc could favc ; for having but little fait, 
 ami not being able to Ipare water, to Keep them alive 
 when at lea, all our demands were modeiate i and the 
 few we required were killed as fuon .-is they were car- 
 ried on board. Their fle(h we prelcrved, by cutting 
 it into lung flips of the thicknefs of a linger, and 
 then fprinkling it with fofinall a quantity <if l:ilt, that 
 we did not ufe above four or five pounds to an hundred 
 weight : I'lien letting it lie together two or three 
 hours, wc hung it up to dry in the fun, which per- 
 fei^ly cured it, and that better than it could have been 
 done any other way. Having done all we propofed in 
 coming here, we departed, with our decks full of fowls 
 and hogs, among which there was one with its navel, 
 or fomethine like it, on its back. The Spaniards 
 fay, that when wild in tJie woods, this is a terrible 
 animal. 
 
 On the 25th of January, we made a fail about twoTIicir-nenini; 
 leagues to the leeward of us. We gave her chacetill with tiiijjxi- 
 wc found Ihcwas of Euro|)ean ftru.ituro, when, fear-'""- 
 ing (he might be one of the enemy's Ihips of war, I 
 clapped on a wind, and, in ha! fan hour after, it fell 
 calm. Soon after we faw a boat rowing towards us 
 which proved to be the Succcfs's pinnace, commanded 
 by Mr. Davidfon their lirft lieutenant. Our firli in- 
 terview was attended with equal altonifliment on both 
 fides : he could hardly believe that he faw us in (n 
 mean and forlorn a condition, and I could fcarcely 
 believe that the Succefs (if in being) had been all this 
 while wandering up and down thefe leas. I entertained 
 himwitharehearl'al of theconftant run of misfortunes 
 which had befallen us in the long interval fince we 
 feparated near the coaft of England, till our prefent 
 meeting that day. He on his part, entertained ma 
 with feveral remarkable incidents, which had happen- 
 ed to them in the courfe of their voyage. 
 
 [At this time Mr. D.ividfon, in (hort, pivc a 
 relation of all that had pall'ed on board the Succefs, 
 from the time of their feparation ; in the courfe of 
 which narrative, according to Captain Shelvock's ac- 
 count, Clippcrton loft many opportunities of bene- 
 fiting his owners ; hut we have already remarked how 
 glad thefe commanders were of finding matter of com- 
 plaint againft each other. While they were thus dif- 
 courfing, a gale fprang up, and they bore down to 
 the Succefs. The reader has fecn Clippcrton's ac- 
 count of this matter, we (hall now give him Cap- 
 tain Shelvock's relation of their various meetings in- 
 the South Seas.] 
 
 Here, fays he, I gave Captain Clipperton and Mr. 
 Godfrey the agent general, the whole hiitory of my 
 
 voyage 
 
 i.-L 
 
«»» 
 
 CLIPPERTON AND SHELVOCK. 
 
 ««l 
 
 voyage hitherto, and exiKiSlcd that I (houl J have been 
 treated by thcni as one liclungini' tu the lame intcrcli ; 
 but found I was miftakin ; for tlicy were unwilling tu 
 have any thing tu do witli mc, fuKc my Ihip was 
 loft. However I conceived that he could not be fo in- 
 human aj to deny mc thclupply of fuch ncccHariesas 
 I wanted, and he could conveniently fparc. The 
 anfwer I had to this was, That I (houKI know more 
 of his mind the next day. Amongft the reft of thedif- 
 courfel had with him, hetoldmehcwasjuitcomefrom 
 the ifland of Cocoas, that his people were fickly and at 
 Ihort allowance. Upon this, I offered my fervice to 
 pilot him to Mariato, which was not above thirty 
 league* diftant from us, where he might rcfrefli his 
 people, and fupply himfclf with what he wanted. 
 But this was not accepted, he being rclblvcd to make 
 the beft of his way to Trcs Marias, where he faid 
 there was turtle enough to be had. So I left hin> for 
 that night. The next morning, as I was going on 
 board of him with fome of my officers, he fuddcnly 
 fpread all his canvas, and crowded away from us who 
 were in the boat ; upon which I returned to our fliip, 
 and made fienals of difirefs, and fired our gun fcveral 
 times, whicn was not regarded by him, till his very 
 officers cried out on his barbarity ; and, at laft, he 
 brought to. When I had failed up to him (being 
 exafperated at fuch inhuman treatment) I fent Mr. 
 Brooks my firll lieutenant to know the rcafon of his 
 abrupt departure, and to tell him that we flood in 
 need of feveral neccfTaries, which if he was not in- 
 clined to give, I would purchafeof him. Upon thefe 
 terms, he fpnred me two of his quarter-deck guns, 
 fixty round fhot, fome mufquct balls and flints, and a 
 Spanifh chart of the coallof Mexico and part of In- 
 dia and China, a half-hour and a half-minute glafs, 
 a compafs, and about 300 weight of fait ; but, with 
 all the arguments I could ufe, I could not prevail on 
 him to rp;ire us the leaft thing out of his furgeon's 
 cheft for the relief of Mr. Coldfea our mailer who 
 had been ready to die of his wounds received in the 
 engagement with the Margarita, fur above three 
 montlis pad. When this was concluded, I again 
 alked him, if I could be of any fervice to him, and 
 aflurcd him, I had a pretty good fhip under foot, 
 though the made but a poor figure, and believed I could 
 hold nim w.iy, and that he knew our cargo was pretty 
 valuable. Toull thisheanfwered. That if I had a 
 cargo of gold, he had no bufinel's with me, and that 
 I mufl take care of myfelf. Mr. Hendric the agent, 
 and Mr. Raincr and Mr. Dodd, lieutenants of ma- 
 rines, feeing but little profpe£l that we (hould ever 
 get home, and being weary of the work impofed upon 
 them, defiredl would let them go on board the Suc- 
 ccfs, for a pallage to England, which I complying to, 
 they went on board accordingly, and Clipperton left 
 us to fliift for ourfelvcs, near the ifland of Cano. 
 Having purchafed this fupply, I was for going to the 
 fouthward Into the Bay of Panama, to try our fortune 
 there, but the majority oppofed me through fear, and 
 were for going to Trcs Marias, to fait turtle there, 
 and then to flretch over to India. We dire£led our 
 courfe thither, and a few days after, met with the 
 Succefs, in qued of Sanfonnate, where they expected 
 to receive the Marquis of V ilia Roche's ranlom. That 
 nobleman had been fome time a prifoner with them, 
 and his wife was now at Guatimala, a city within 
 thirty leagues of that port. We ranged clofe under 
 their flern, ami afked how Captain Clipperton and the 
 rell of the gentlemen did; but it Was not thought proper 
 to return an anfwer : Without any concern, he fleered 
 one way and we anotlier. After this, calms and con- 
 trary winds and unaccountable currents, reduced us 
 to a very finall allowance which wc were obliged 
 to diminifh daily, and ihould have been in greater 
 difirefs than ever, had it not been for the turtle 
 which we took upon the furface of the water ; we had 
 a continual look-out for them, and tliey were eafily 
 known at a great diflance, by the number of fea- 
 birds that perched oi\ their backs. Upon fight of 
 thefc, we uCed to lay afid« the advantages wc might 
 Voi. I. N" 10. 
 
 have made of the wind, to enibi.icc tlu opportunity 
 of prolonging our provifioiis. Upon the wliolt, 
 though we lofl fome of our way In putliiit ot turllu 
 after this manner, it w.is not the (!;reatcll inconveni- 
 ence that attended us j the drefBiij; ut a made a greater 
 confumption of our water, the quantity of which 
 Jecreafcd upon us very fuddenly, by the continual 
 ufe of it in boiling the turtle with plam;iin flour. 
 'I'his relapfc into a flate of fntnine, threatening us 
 with a certain and fpecdy perdition, if means were 
 notufed to avert it, made me proiiole the plundciiiig 
 of fome finall town, as we coalled along the fhore. 
 Uuatuko was the nearell port j but the very morning 
 we were fleering in for this pl.ice, at fun-rife we f.iw 
 a fail a confiderable way to the keward of us. We 
 thought it would be belter to take tlii fliip than to vm- 
 ture on fhore ; and therefore we b'lre down to her, 
 and fhc, in the end proved to be the Suctcl's. We 
 now met with a double baulk, both as to uur hopes 
 of Guatuico, and the ihip) for uc were, by this 
 accident, got to f.ir to the leeward of Guatuico, thit 
 it wasnecJiefs to beat up fo f.ir u|t;aiilt the wind upon 
 an uncertainty, when wc had a gale, that had it con- 
 tinued, would have carried us to fume better port. 
 
 But the winds were only a few hours propitious, 
 and, fuccccded by perpetual contrary gahs, dellroytd 
 all our hopes, and brought u» duwn to a fniall 
 earthen plate of calavances, [or garavanees] for 
 24,hours, which not being fufiicieiit to keep us alive, 
 we had recourfe to the remainder of our fnioked con- 
 gers, which had for fome months been negledcd, and 
 lain foaking and rotting in the bilge water. They 
 were certainly as difagrceable food as ever men eat. 
 Under thefe calamitous circumftanccs did wc meet 
 with the Succefs a fourth time, near the port of An- 
 gels i and, after having made the appointed fignal, 
 we Aood fo near to one another, that, to ufe the fca- 
 phrafc, a bifcuit might have been tolled from thip to 
 fbip, but we did not change a word with each other ; 
 for. Captain Clipperton, as I have fince been in- 
 formed, had ordered all his officers and fliip's com- 
 pany to take no notice of us : and though he was fo 
 truly fenfiblc of the difficulties and hazards we had to 
 cope with, if our dcfigii was to go fur India, that he 
 faid, the child that was born the day before, would 
 be grey-headed with age before we fhuuld arrive there, 
 (by that cxprefTion intimatini; that it was impoflihlu 
 for us to do it) yet, notv^ithflanding he, without 
 any rcmorfe could lee us on the brink of fullering the 
 greatefl hardfhipsour ill fortune could load us with, 
 and not lend us a helping hand to deliver us from 
 the impending ruin. 
 
 Thus furrounded on all fides by prcfent want, and 
 threatening difallers, we, on the 12th of March, be- 
 ing off the port of Acapuico, taw a fhip between us 
 and the (hore: 1 bore down to her, till, perceiving 
 her to be a large European built fhip, with Spanifh 
 colours flying, I concluded (he was the Peregrine, 
 which, as I had been informed, had carried the prince 
 of S. Bueno, who had been viceroy of Peru, to this port, 
 in his way to Spain. With thefe fufpicions, being 
 as yet unwilling to run ourfelves immediately into the 
 enemies clutches, I hauled my wind again, which 
 he feeing, pulled down his Spanifh, and hoilled an 
 Englifh enfign, and made the fignal agreed on be<- 
 tween Clipperton and me for knowing one another. 
 Had they been in any other part, I fhould have been 
 fo far from any thoughts of fuch a change in him, 
 th.1t I flioiild have looked on all his fignals as the ar- 
 tifice of the enemy ; who might have acquainted them- 
 felvcs with them by the information of fuch of our 
 men as they had taken prifoners i but now, making 
 no doubt that it was he, I bore down to him, and, 
 being come along-iide, he fent Mr, Cooke, his fecond 
 lieutenant in his yawl, with an obliging letter to mr, 
 to inform mc that he was cruiflng for the homeward- 
 hound Manilla (hip, and defiring that I would affifl 
 him in thecnterprife, and come on board of him the 
 next morning, propofing an union of the two (hipe 
 companies : 1 was very well pleafed with (his offet, 
 V ( ■ and. 
 
 l7io 
 
 0\ 
 
 %■' 
 
 i^ 
 
ibi 
 
 THE VOYAGES OV 
 
 17J1 
 
 ftml, witlinut litfit.iiion, fcnt him word that I would 
 lie v.-itli him c.iily. In the mc;in tiitic, I nail over hi» 
 litter publicly to my people, aiiil txhortcil them to 
 C'Mifulcr the gii'.Tt briu'hts thnt would accrue to uj on 
 nil (iilis fr(m\ it, upiin which they all exprtHeil the 
 Inoll refignecl williiii;iicr« to join iri the iimlertakinp 
 liut as Clippcrtoii h.i.l ufcd us (a unhandlomely bc- 
 I'ori", iheydelired I would jict them Come fccurity tor 
 th'.ir ftiiires, ligurd by Captain Clippcrton, Mr. 
 Goi'lVey the ngint, and the reft of the officers. I 
 went on hn.iril, and, nccordinc to their rcqucft, Cap- 
 tain Ciipperton and Mr. (Jodtrty immediately drew 
 up ail inltrumcnt fully worded for the purpolc, and 
 thty, and ;;1! the other officers figned it. 'I'his was 
 all my people wanted to make them eafy. 
 
 We then proceeded upon our main buflnefs, and, 
 after mature deliberation, it was thought moll ad- 
 vifiable, ih:'.t 1 fliouKI fend the createft part of my 
 men (in board the Succcfv, a» Toon as we faw the 
 Manilla lliip, come out of Acapuico, and leave only 
 a boat's crew with me in cafe I ihould have occaflon 
 Jo make ufc of my (hip as a fire-fliip, or a fmoker, 
 which we jointly propofed to do, if wc found the ene- 
 my too hard for us j and it was determined to board 
 her at once, as wc fliould otherwife have much the 
 word o( it, on account of their fuperior weight of 
 metal, and the better capacity of their (hips, which 
 are built very ftrone, to bear a cannonading. Ciip- 
 perton afliired me, he was certain of the time when 
 (he would fail from the port, which the Spaniards fay 
 is always within a day or two after Paffion-weck, of 
 which we had a fortnight yet to come. 
 
 Before I returned to my own fliip, I acquainted 
 Captain Clippcrton with our flcnder (lockof provifion, 
 but particularly with our Ihortnefs of water 1 he told 
 me he had 80 tons of it on board, and he would fpare 
 me as much of it as I would have, or any thing elfe 
 his fhip afforded. I had now the pleafurc of oeing 
 redored to my command in as regular a manner as 
 ever ; every one, from the higheft to the lowefl, ex- 
 prcfling the fatisfaiflion he had in the profpeft before 
 us i but Morphew, that ringleader of all diforders, 
 fcarin" my refentment, thought it was the beft way 
 to inlinuatc himfelf into the favour of the Captain and 
 officers of the Succefs, which he did efFctStually, by 
 an humble, fubmiffivc outward deportment, and pre- 
 vailing prefcnts, in (hort he had his end, and left me ; 
 but, the next morning, Mr. Rainer, Who adled with 
 us afterwards as captain of marines, came on board 
 of us, to vifit his old (hipmates, and fo continued. 
 
 Thus we cruifed in good order, and with a great 
 deal of hope, until March i;?, when, towards even- 
 ing, Ciipperton, contrary to his ufual cuftom, (Iretched 
 a-head of us about two lea:;ues, without lowering fo 
 much as his top-gallant-fail for us to come up with 
 him : I cou'd not but be a little ftartled at this, as 
 being quite contrary to his ufual method. However, I 
 kept ftanding after him, as I thought, in the night, 
 till wc wee almoft in with the breakers on the 
 fliore, which, of courfc, obliged us to tack, and 
 Jiand out to fea again, admiring all the time that 
 we had had no finht of any (hip near us ; which laid 
 me under the moll terrible apprehcnfions, conflderine 
 the bad condition wc were in, for want of water, and 
 the vaft diftance we were from any place where we 
 could expefl to get a recruit of it, having now no 
 choice left, but cither to beat up 200 leagues againft 
 the w ind, to go to Tres Marias, or bear away a much 
 more confiderable diftance for the gulph of Amapalla, 
 or the Ifland of Cocoas. 
 
 But notwithftandingourdiftrcfs, I kept ourcruifing 
 flation for him two or three days, at laft it was re- 
 folvcd to bear away to the firft convenient place to 
 water at ; and, in troth, it was time 5 for we were now 
 above 40 men, who had but three butts of water for 
 a run of ;joo leagues, and upwards, on a coaft fubjcA 
 to long calms, variable winds, and uncertain currents. 
 It was afterwards told me, that the night Clipper- 
 ton left us, he aflembled all his officers, and told them 
 it was his intention immediately to quit the coaft. 
 6 
 
 His officers rrmonftrated to him on the barbarity of 
 doing this without acquaintini! I'.iptaili Shelvoek with 
 his intention^, and (nartng ui fome water, but he put 
 (ift'theirfiriouscxportulations with an inhuman fiuer, 
 fayinjr, 'I'hat if I ftjould, ihiouch want, bco6lige«!to 
 fuiruider to the enemy, I fhotild only fhare the fame 
 fate that, perhaps fome others hatf met with befoijme. 
 Thus this man, perhaps, through an cxccfs of 
 mcan-fpintcdncfs, and dreading the engagement with 
 a ftiip ih.it was alwavs known to defend itiilf with 
 fome obftiiucy, ncelc^ed as fine an ppportunity at 
 moll of our nation have ever had, of taking this Inip,- 
 which, (as I was informed by fome Spaniards from 
 Manilla, when I was. in China) came out of Aca- 
 puico, about a week after we left the cruife. [The 
 reader will obferve, wli.it a different account of thii 
 tranfaftion is given by Captain Ciipperton, and will 
 probably cimclude, on the whole, the commander* 
 were once more heartily weary of one another.] 
 
 On the 30th of March in ine evening, we enterrj 
 the road of^anfonnate, and, as the fun fet, faw a ftiip 
 at anchor there. It being a moon-light night, I 
 fent the tirft lieutenant, with fome of the beft hands, 
 to difcover what this Ihip might be. On his return, 
 he informed mc, (he was a Targe one, of one tier of 
 guns at leaft ; I neverthelefs continued to ply in all 
 night,and prepared foradlion. Atday-light we found 
 they had hoifted a jar of powder, containing aboat 
 ten gallons, with a lighted match, at each main and 
 fore-yard arm, and at the bowfprit end, with dcfign 
 to let them fall on our deck, if we boarded them. 
 This contrivance, if it had taken elfeA, would have 
 foon made an crd of both (hips, and of all that were 
 in them. Seeing them fo dcfpcrate in their prepara- 
 tions, I expected a warm difpute with them 1 and, 
 by what I could fee, they were in alt points, by much 
 fuperior to us in ftrength. 
 
 At eleven in the morning, the fea-breeze came in, 
 and ran us upon them very faft, whilft, our fmall 
 arms were brifkly and rffeflually employed to 
 break their powder iars, before we came on board 
 them, which we did without delay, and, after the 
 exchange of a few fhot when on board of each other, 
 they fubmitted. 
 
 This (hip was called the Sacra Familia, of 300 g^i,,,,!^^, ^^ 
 tons, fix guns, and 86 men, befides a oieat number taoilmt fliivr 
 of fmall arms, with fome grenade (hells and (hot. 
 She had been, fome time arrived from Callao, la- 
 den with wine and brandy j but had now nothing in 
 her but fifty jars of gun-powder, and a fmall parcel 
 of rufk, and jerked beef: in (hort (he could hardly be 
 faid to be worth the trouble we took, and the rifque 
 we ran for her, but (he was reputed to be a better 
 failor, and was vifibly better fitted out than our own ; 
 therefore I changed (nips, and we all went on board 
 our prize, which was equipped in the warlike manner 
 we found her, and commi(Koned,on purpofe to take us. 
 A merchant (the efcrivan of the (hip) beine on 
 board, defired we would fell him the Jcfu-Maria, 
 which we agreed to, and fent him on (horc to raife 
 the money for that purpofe. At night he came olF 
 with another Spanifh gentleman, and brought us a 
 letter of advice from the governor on (hore, fignifying 
 that there was a treaty of peace on foot between their 
 Britannic and Catholic Majefties, which was what 
 we had not before heard of. However, I fent to the 
 governor, fignifying that I (hould be very glad to fee 
 the proclamation and articles, and that thereupon I 
 (hould be ready to obey the commands of my fove- 
 reign. So we came to an agreement with the gover- 
 nor to lie in the road till he fent to Guatimafa (50 
 leagues diftant) for thofe papers, provided he would 
 fupply us with water an^ provifions. On the 5th 
 of April, the governor fent on board two papers, 
 which by the beft interpretation we could get of 
 them, did not appear to us to be in the form of pro- 
 clamations. Wc told thofc who brought the papers 
 on board, that we were in great want of an inter- 
 preter ; upon which they laid there were fome 
 knglifhmen at Guatimala, whom they would lend 
 
 fur 
 
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 cLlPPERTON AND SHELVOCK. 
 
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 for, if (♦c would flay three days for them, and 
 that they wntild I'upply uh with water and provifions 
 for that lime i which we a(;iriil to, and they dt fired 
 we would fend uur biMt on llinre every niotjiing lor 
 a fuppiy ; accordingly wc fcnr her on the 7th iif 
 April, with our tirlt lieutenant, Mr. Brooks, and 
 five men. 'I'his officer, men and boat, the governor 
 detained under a flag of truce, and, at ni(^ht, Centort'a 
 fmall boat with two of our men, with a letter fium 
 himfeir, and another from Mr. Hrooks. The govern- 
 or's lettei lignifietl. That if we did not deliver upowr 
 (hip to him, he would declare u> pirate* i an I Mr. 
 Brooks by his, informed me, it was his opinion that 
 the governor was endeavouring to bully inc into 
 a furrender, having fpokcn very ambiguoufly of a 
 cefliition of arm!!. Notwithllanding which, I lent the 
 governor a letter fignifying, that if we could be fecurcd 
 of a fafe and fure cundudt for ourfelvcs and ctt'c£is 
 to Panama, and fro;n thence, by the way of Porto 
 Bcllo, be conveyed to any of our Uritifli plantations, 
 we would come to a farther treaty, which if he In- 
 tended, he was defircd to fignify by firing two guns 
 as foon as he h.id received this advice, and by fending 
 back my officer and men ) and if not, necelTiiy would 
 oblige us to fail. At three in the morning (the go- 
 vernor having (hewn no fignal, nor fent any word) 
 wc weighed our anchor, yet lay to, in the bay, till 
 ten, but then made fall, being forced thereto for 
 want of water ; having, however, no other intent, 
 in cafe of the certainty of a peace, than to deliver 
 up the fliip wc were now in, at the firll convenient 
 |»ort, as was fignifud to the governor by letter. 
 
 Being now got out to fea, we reduced ourfclves to a 
 pint of water for 24 hours each man, and diiciflcd 
 our coUrl'e to the gulph of Amapalla, which was 
 about thirty>-five leagues to the E. S. E. of this place, 
 in order to cii a freih fuppiy. The lofs of my of- 
 ficer and boars crew fenlibly diminiflied the number of 
 white faces ; and wc (hould have been fomuch weak- 
 ened by it, that wc Ihould never have been able to 
 manage this great ftiip with her heavy cotton fails, if 
 wc had not t.iken with us our negro prifoners who 
 proved to be very good tailors. The lofs of our boat 
 W.1S alf:) a very great inconvenience to us ; but as I 
 only thought of taking in water enough to fcrve us to 
 Panama, where we were fully refolvcd to furrender, 
 if it was really peace, I imagined we might make fliift 
 without her, and get fuch a quantity as we might 
 want in two or three days time. The w inds were fa- 
 vourable, and wc arrived there on the lotli following, 
 in the tvenMg. As foon as we entered the gulph, we 
 found ourfclves in the middle of 'rvcral fmall iflands, 
 one of which was the Id and of Tygers, where we ex- 
 pcdlcd to find water, but our expedtation proved vain ; 
 for, after a hazardous and fruitlefs fcarch not only on 
 that, but on fome of the grcateft of the other iflcs, 
 there was not the Icall drop of frefll water to be found 
 on any of them. In this niiferabic condition, threa- 
 tened on all fides with inevitable deftru<5tion, unfit for 
 the fea, fearful of trulHng ourfelves in the cruel hands 
 of the inhabitants on Inore, quite difpirited by the 
 continued courfe of misfortunes, which had hitherto 
 been our conftant attendants, but above all, lament- 
 ing this unhappy baulk, in not finding water » here 
 wc fo much txpefted it, which had reduced us to fuch 
 extremity as wc had never known before ; in fliort, 
 ready to fink under the burden of our calamities, we 
 weighed our anchor on the 1 3th of April before day- 
 brc.ik, and flood out from this gulph. And now, 
 having the open fea before us, I brought my people to 
 thcobllinatc refolution not to furrender on this part of 
 tliecoail, let the confcqiiences be never fo miferable. 
 Upon this unanimous agreement, without 40 gallons 
 of water in the (hip, and no other liquids to fuppiy the 
 want of it, wc came to lb fmall an allowance as half 
 a pint of water for 24 hours ; and even this allowance 
 was too large, there being no place that we knew of 
 where wc could get any more, n'-arcr than Quibo, to 
 which ifland, (about 200 leagues diflant from us) we 
 Ihapcd our courfe ; but having very uncertain winds, 
 
 for 
 
 and weather, we were ijdnys at tlii< .iIIi-w.ukp. f)uf 
 fulferings from the extremity nf thirll are h.inlh to lie 
 conceived ; Some drank their ou'ii wiitcr, to iiil.iy 'he 
 burning hc;it within them ; but thr)Ugh tjuy nimlt- 
 ened their mouths, it iiKrcarnl thtir inlfery : foiiic 
 drank large dr.iughts of lta-w;iter, «hlch w.is iv ar 
 putting a period to their llvts, v.liilrt others Ci't jult 
 enough of the cal.iv.iiice'i innilKn il withu.iter, tu 
 lultain life ; and tliefe fufteied the Um\. 
 
 At length we were fortunately relle\td, by I'.illiit;; In 
 uncxpcfiedly with the illaitd of Cano, in iiititiii'e 
 9' north) where feeing a run of water, Mr. Rand.ill, 
 without dreading the J.uwrous furf, palled thiuii^h 
 the breakers ; and, to the unfpeakable joy of the com- 
 pany, foon returned with his jars filled ; but as he 
 could not bring oft' more th.m 60 or yo gallons, I took 
 care to reftiain our people to the proper ufe of it ; al- 
 lowing to each man only a quart for their imniedi;ito 
 ufe I and I was the more liritl^t in thlsdillribution, be- 
 cauic Mr. Rand;ill allured me tlie breakers were lb 
 dangerous that he believed we Ihould not he able to get 
 any more. Being willing, however, to make another 
 trial, the next day I fent the boatfwain to endeavour to 
 procure a further fuppiy ; but after wadin;; the wholi: 
 day, in fearch of a fmooth beach to hind upon, ho 
 could not fee one fpot where he could venture oti 
 (hore. Therefore, thinking wc h.id (lock fuilicitnt to 
 carry us to Quibo, I weii>hfd anchor, and, in ranging 
 the ifland, I accidentally difcovcred a fmooth bvacli,' 
 where the boat getting on ftiorc, the crew filled nine 
 jars, which laded till We arrived at Qiiibo, where wij 
 anchored, at the f.ime place wc h.'id twice .iiichored at 
 before. Here we confulted about furrenderin'^ourfelvcH 
 to the Spaniards, being within 80 leagues uf Panama* 
 a place of little or no llrcngth towards the fea, and 
 but little frequented by the enemy's fliips of war, 
 where wc could treat with them at a dllhuice, and be 
 truly informed how affairs ilood in Europe. During 
 our deliberations, wc wooded and watered at Icifure ; 
 and fome fearched the woods for fruits torefreflt us, by 
 way of preventing the fcurvy, which we had been 
 all along lefs fuhjeiTl to than any fliip I ever faw or 
 heard of in fuch long runs. Thofc who were thus 
 ufefully employed, brought us papas, guavas, calfia, 
 limes, and a fmall kind of white, four plumb, which 
 was much eaten, and admired bv moll of us ; but, 
 by its violent operation, put a flop to our proceed- 
 ings for fome days. However, wc foon recovered 
 without any bad fymptoms, made an end of wooding 
 and watering, and let fail, fully determined to furrender 
 at Panama [So after did they change their minds in 
 regard to this circumftance.J In our way we palled 
 by a great many fmall ifiandsj but the mod remark- 
 able were, Montuofa, Sebaco, and the IHe of Picara, 
 which lies on the wellern fide of Quibo. 
 
 On the 1 5th of May, a fmall bark taking us for 
 Spaniards, bore down to us, the mailer of which 
 was in the grcateft confternatioii when he found hii 
 miftakc, but recovered when he heard we were bound 
 to Panama to furrender, and readily oftered his pilot 
 thither i his vcflel calletl The Holy Sacrament, being 
 bound to that port, laden with dried beef, port, and 
 live hogs, and as Ihe was leaky, defircd I would take 
 her in tow. I was glad this bark fell into our hand;, 
 and ready complied with his requeft ; becauf.-, if we 
 found the governor of Sanfonnate's account to be 
 falfe, we might be thoroughly enabled, by this help, 
 to go to India. In the mean while it had remained :i 
 point yet undetermined, which (hould be the perfon 
 intruft'ed with the flag of truce ; for my people hav- 
 ing known much treachery, were apprehenfivc that the 
 perfon who might be fent, would only or chiefly 
 make good his own cafe and that of his friends to the 
 governor, and not care what became of the men. At 
 Fall, my fon was judged the fitteft to go, as he would 
 farcly return, if it were only for my fake. Other 
 difficulties were darted that could not be fo cafily re- 
 movc'l, notwithdanding which, we kept on our way 
 fully fixed in our refolution. 
 On the 17th of May another fmall bark came down 
 
 upon 
 
io8 
 
 THE VOYAGKS OF 
 
 i7ii 
 
 f 
 
 upon ui, but hdving ftt>o<l pretty near tu ui, (he bore 
 iiw.iy ii;;.!!!)! uiul rjii on Ihore iliredly, at the ha/anl 
 ur the lives of every foul un board. Thii uthcrwile 
 iin.iciiiuiit.itilc bi'h.iviour give ut good leafun to be- 
 lieve ih^i tlu' guvcriiur uf Sanruntuic't account ul a 
 celllilioii olarnii wi> grouiidlel!!. 
 
 On ihe ijih of May we law a I'.iil a-heaJ of u» 
 l).iniliii|j aluiig (horc t »n>i bcinu dcCnous uf ijuMking 
 Hiih lur, I Ul go the bark uc had in tow, and made 
 all the (ail we could after her. We gained very little 
 upon hiT all the day, but had, neverthclef>, got a 
 gnat way a-hcad of our bark, whercii) were 4 of our 
 iiwn people and 5 Spaniard*. Huwever, notwithOand- 
 111; ni|;ht cjine on, all our fail was kept abroad, and 
 ii.\t iii.'iniML; we were within gun-lhot of her. I ini- 
 iiK'.li.iitlv oidcred our ciilourn tobcfprcad, Hredagun 
 1.) IcL w.iid, and fet a man to wave a flag of truce i 
 but, on fight of iiur Englilh enfign (he tired at u», 
 ,iiid l» continued to do, with her decki full of men, 
 alniliiir Us with the arolIKt .ippellatmns. I made no 
 ruinn'till 1 came elufc upon lur quarter, and then 
 1 lent one of trteir couiiiiyiiu'n 10 the bowlpiit end, 
 to inlorm them, in Spaiiith, That we were hound to 
 l'.m:inia, and defired to treat pe.ire.ibly with them, 
 aiul hoped at Icall they would have fome regard to ihe 
 wlv:e A ig wliich they f.iw flying, but they ttill con- 
 liiiucd their file i and pii fuming, as I fuppuftd, by 
 our iiuict beh.iviour that we were unable to defend 
 ouifelves, they weie preparing to bo.ird us, whirh 1 
 nofooiKT iKrceiveil than 1 {tive tlieni fowarin a f.ilute 
 that the\ (leered round oH' Irom us. We iull miflid 
 •^e'ting hold of them ( hut, it filling almoll iniinedi- 
 alely c.ilni, we eominui-d our cii;;a.;enieiil lor the 
 fpace of iivo or three hours. At length, a biiefi 
 M.ifliiL; us nearer to them, we found that as fall as 
 v\e approjehed, fo faft did their courage cool. I'lieir 
 c.i])tain, however, (llll bravely cncour.iging his peo- 
 j'l,', and expoling hinifelfiii the oixnefl manner, w;i,s 
 (hut tliruiigh, and dropped down dead, on which his 
 piople inm.edulely and with one voice, cried out for 
 Hii.irter, and put an eiul to the difpule. Mr. KanJall 
 anil two or thrcL- more went on board the pii^e, ami 
 Inmd the prili.iurs in the moll fubmillive pollure, 
 .il'is!ii_' for nurcy, which was graiitcil, though they 
 I..11I no gre.it iialoii to expeiil it, alter then direct 
 In.iih oi the laws of arms and nations, in firing at 
 a 11 1;; of truce. 
 
 rill' mud coMfiderable prifoncrs being brought on 
 I'l.irJ, iiifornicd me, that their (hip calleil theConccp- 
 I .Midf RiCii.i, belonging to Ciill.10, wasof ;iOO tons 
 biiiJcii, and l.idiii with flour, loaves of fuwr, bales 
 r,( h.iMs of Marmalade i jars of prefcrvtd peaches, 
 j;r:ip.>, lime-, and the like. She mounted fix guns, 
 iiiul li.id upwards of 70 men on board. In this cn- 
 i:.i'.;iiiii nt only the .Spanlfh captain and a negro were 
 kili.-.l .iiJ one or two flightly wounded. (Jn our part, 
 our .■uiuur wis llightlv wounded by a piitol ball, and 
 on niain-niaft had a (light piece carried out of itsfiJe. 
 \Vc li.iu now about eighty prifoners on board, of all co- 
 lours, thoii'h we oiirl'elves were but 26. Among thefc 
 priloiurs were feveral cd' note, particularly Don Bal- 
 t..///ar de Aliarca, Conde de Rofa, an European 
 nolilem.ui, V. !io had been governor of I'ifco, and was now 
 ii|ion his reiiirn to Spain, together with Captain Mo- 
 r^l wh > had formerly been taken by Captain Rogers, 
 rill y wie all treated with the iitmoft civility j .md 
 this ihev the more wondered at, becaufc, from a felf- 
 i ■nviclioiiof their own ungenerous behaviour to us, 
 ihey could not but expect to have been dealt with 
 Ijilile otll; rwilc. 
 
 Ihe wild; and calms prevented our joining the 
 lli.ly b.ii.!.iiiK-iit (the priie we li.ul left behind us) till 
 tiK- 2i'\ ol M IV, when We bore down to her, and were 
 lui j.iil.d tu liaJ no foul on board, but her decks and 
 iiiurti-is c.nacd wiih blood. By many circuinftances 
 ii pl.iiiil\ ijV) ired lliat theSpanilh crew had butchered 
 liiofc who lu'id 1)11 n lift to affilUhem, while they were 
 ailetpj oilunva'e It could not have happened that 
 tive un.iiiii:J Sp..iii.;id.-. could have overpowered four 
 tiii'Iillain.a coti.pUuly provided with aims for tjieir 
 
 defence. It ii very probable, however, that llicf* 
 murdercra paid with their lives, the loit ol ihofelivet 
 they h.id taken «way | (or, being above four league* 
 fiom the land, and having no boat with them, thry 
 probably juin|>i'd into the lea on our approach, teai- 
 ing, if they fell into ou< liandi, to meet ine veiigianco 
 due to fo horrid a crime. That p.irtiif the deck whult 
 wat dyed with gore ihey endeavouied to cover, by 
 throwing the fliK'ki and liuHingii of liedt over it 1 la 
 that till theli: were removed, the bltxid wat not to bo 
 lecii. Thin tiagical accident put a damp to ihu 
 pleafurc wc had enjoyed for a day or two pal), on ihu 
 account of our late prize. Our prifoneri, at luch a 
 fail and fuilden change, began to be alarmed, and 
 looked at one another a* il they all cxpeiitcd to bo 
 the vitiiiini of our revenge upon this unhappy occa- 
 fion. On the other hand, I was fearful le(t thefe ap- 
 prehrnfions (hould urge them to fomc defperale at- 
 tempt. In this dilcmmi, I ordered all the prifoncrH 
 into the ftern gallery, except the nobleman and fonie 
 of the chief ofticers, and a guard to be kept in th« 
 cabin. The Spmilh gentleman obferving this, let 
 fall fomc cxprelhoiis, whereby I perceived they Mcro 
 afraid I intended to jiroceed to feveritiet towards their 
 people J but I allured them, that if I were of fore- 
 vengeful a nature, the laws of my country forbade 
 my indulging it ) that I acted under my king's com* 
 niand, and that the natural abhorrence our nation had 
 to barbarity, might quiet their fears, and make thcnt 
 perfectly eafy. T"hey then, on their part, in the moft 
 folemn manner, difclaimed the molldiOant thought of 
 an attempt upon our lives, and alfured us, on their 
 honour, that they never (hould he able to make a jull 
 return for the generous treatment they had met with. 
 It was however prudent to fecure our prifoncrs of the 
 meaner fort ) and, when wc had fo done, we hauled the 
 Holy Sacrament along-lidc of us. She was half full 
 of H ntcr, and the cieater part of her dried beef waa 
 wet and fpolled. We alfo took out of the Concep- 
 tion a twelvemonth's piovifion of bread, flour, fugar, 
 .iiul fwcitmeats, and a like proportion tor the fauc- 
 et Is, uhieh 1 ex|>ccted to find at the Tres Marias, 
 being then a (Iranger to Clipperton't faithlefs deler- 
 tion. I likewife took from them their launch and 
 their ncgros i for, confidering we had a large (hip, and 
 a run ot 175" of longitude to fail, which was little lefs 
 than half way round the world, I thought we could 
 do no other than to reinforce ourfelves with thefe 
 blacks ; and indeed wc afterwards found that we 
 (hould never have reached the coafts of A/la without 
 them. 
 
 Having thus fupplied ourfclves with every thing 
 the Conception aliorded, I fuffercd our priloners to 
 return to their own (hip 1 but the chief of them would) 
 not leave us till they had drawn up a writing which 
 they figned, wherein they acknowledged the circum- 
 (laiices of our engagement, in the manner I have al- 
 ready related. In fliort, no people, circumilanccd as we 
 were, could part in a more friendly manner than we did. 
 Thus were wc put by out defign of furrendering, 
 and were going to take a lonn; voyage to Afia. Our 
 itrength was indeed confidcrally augmented ; for we 
 had 15 guns, and ammunition fufficient to fupply 
 the n : But before we proceeded any farther, it was ne- 
 ccflary to get in a full ftock of water. The ifland of 
 Quibo was hazardous for us, being too near Panama, 
 it w.is therefore determined to ply up to Cano, where 
 we fonn did our bufincfs. In our paiTage thither, the 
 fweet-meats of all kinds, which we had taken out of 
 our late prize, were divided among the melTcs. It Inp- 
 pciied that one of the failors one day complained that 
 lie had a box of marmalade which lie could not ftick 
 his knife into, and defired it might be changed. I 
 opened it, and found it a cake of virgin filver, moulded 
 on purpole to fill fuch boxes ; and being very porous, 
 it was nearly the fame weight as fo much marmalade. 
 In overhauling the reft, we found five more of thefe 
 boxes. This was a contrivance to defraud the king 
 of Spain of his fifths, which he claims In all the lil- 
 vur taken out of any of the mines of Peru, W 1: 
 J ilo'.ibili'i* 
 
 Mtih. 
 
 lilt s 
 
 •<l Cllll 
 
 Ihtir 
 
CLIPPERTON AND SHE LVOCK. 
 
 »»f 
 
 M«thn.ti nf doiibtlcCt left * ftttt manv of tluTi lioxet behind u> i 
 lilt 8pa*Ui>lifQ that thii (leceu lervcd fhcin in » doiiblf cnpjcily to 
 
 •hti'i"uf»furi '''^'•'"* *'**'' '''"B" "fllc^ ". "id blind ihiir iiirmii*.* 
 '"I muft here obfi-rvr, th.it cvuv ibiiig we took in ihi- 
 Conception wa> divided .tmonuit u<, according to the 
 Juan Vernnndez articles, und that I had no mure 
 than fix, inftcad of fixty (h.iri*. They would not 
 To much n« allow me the inum-y I had laid out at St. 
 Catharines, which was upward* of inol. I had 
 fnmc difKcully to perfuadc them to run to the north- 
 ward lb far ai Calilurnia, and wan obliwd to ufc many 
 argumentii to prevail upon thun to believe thut the 
 harbour of Puerto Scgiiro was the only pore of fe- 
 curlty where we could fafciv lay down iuid refit our 
 (hiu i but having at Lift ubtained their confent, I 
 weighed from Canu, fteeriiig tu liiu northward, and 
 had favourable gales for 48 hours, but thenc.imcon 
 ■^ theconltant, or what may be called the trade winds 
 
 ^ on thin coart, which were as contrary to us at tlicy well 
 
 could be. I was willinj; tn try how far off thd'e wind> 
 might prevail, which in my opinion, may be called 
 the eddy of the true trade wind, whofe cuurfe may be 
 prevented by the inlerpufltinn of the vaft muiintaiiiuus 
 continent. Accordingly, I found that, at the dif- 
 tance of fixty leagues, wc had light, variable brce/cs, 
 and that at the diftance of between fevcnty and eijjhty 
 leagues, the wind fettled at E. N.K. and N. L. 1 
 therefore kept at this diltance fiom the land, till we 
 had run up tu the height of 20" north lat. In all this 
 pafl'agc we were nut in the Icaft renfiblc of any cur- 
 rents, and entirely out of the way uf certain riplings 
 and ovcr-falU of water, which wc frequently met 
 with near to the land, and which often furpriicd us 
 when we were becalmed in deep water. I n our courfe 
 wc were accumpanied by vaft ihoals of filh, and were 
 continually incommo<lcd by numerous flock* uf the 
 birds called Uuobies, making our fliip their refting 
 place, and fouling our (hips and yards with their 
 dung, .-IS faft as we could clean them. However fur 
 change of diet, fome of my people made ragouts of 
 them, and the finokers made ftems for their pipes of 
 their large wing-bones. 
 
 We fell in with Cape Corlentes in the beginning of 
 the month of Auouft, and were carried away to the 
 Tres Marias by a hard gale at fouth, and came to an 
 anchor under the Ice of the middle ifland, but could 
 fee no fign of the Succefs having been there. After 
 a tedious I'eerch on all the three iflaiuls for frefli water, 
 there was nothing like a ftream on it that wc could 
 find. This was the more extriordinarv to us, as one 
 or two of our late navigators reported that frelh water 
 was to he found there in plenty. It might have been 
 fo when they were there, but wc were unfortunate 
 enough to feck when there was none to be found. Af- 
 ter employing three days in a fruiilefs fearch, I 
 ftretchi-d over for the coaft of California, and.-irrived 
 there on the nth of Auguft. The inhabitants, as 
 foon as they difcovcrcd us, made iires all along 
 the ftiore, as the fhip ran by them ; and, towards the 
 evening, it falling calm, two of them cameoft'to us 
 on a bark-log, but were a long while before they would 
 accept of our invitation to come on board of us. At 
 length they ventured in, when, in a moment, feeing 
 our blacks promifcuoully ftanding together with thc 
 white men, they with very angry countenances, fepa- 
 rated them from us, and would hardly luffer them to 
 look at us. They talked to us with great vehemence, 
 but we could comprehend no more of their meaning 
 than that they rejoiced to fee •<%. Night coming on, 
 they took their leave, and wc gave them a knife or 
 two, an old coat, and fome other trifles, which feemed 
 to pleafe them very well. They expreflcd themfelvcs 
 by figns in fuch a manner, that we could giiefs they 
 gave us repeated invitations to goon fhurc with them. 
 On Sunday the 13th of Auguft, at day-break we 
 Vol. I. N" 10. 
 
 * An affair, ai Tcxatiout at ihii, ilic captain fays, wai dif- 
 •ovcrol I'Ki late, on Iward a prize uktn l)V tlie Succifi, where 
 Ihay fuuml a coorulcrahlc quantity of virgin filver in ilie form 
 •f Mcki, plaiflcrcd ovir witli i:Iay, wliicli had l>c(a dried inthi 
 
 fbund ourfilx-s near Puirt" Si-Mirf», fiir'oumliJ hy 
 niinibi.r« of dn.ill entbjrl iiiiiii> of the iiih.ihitani>, 
 whik (111. ftr waseiowilid with liwli. 11-, whole mim- 
 hcri vilibly 111. .'f'^d by multitude', u hi< h flui ked to. 
 gethir fiO»>< tlic iulj.*t^iit part*. Our .iiuhor \\.t\ 
 no fooner down, than fl'^y run'* "ft' to ii« in lho;il«, 
 Come few on lh?if b«rk-lo|*, but inoft of tlmu Iwiin- 
 miii?, talking, *fld calUnj out ttj "' v another in .» 
 eonliil'l manner, bu< li**+ as plainly ihf*rd how ile- 
 firous II , .vire to tome |i> ii« Our (hip was in an 
 inft.mt r.ill ' ''.rle Iwarthy afntli'men, ijuite ii.iked i 
 and amfing tlw icii was then king or thiif man, wlio 
 iinexjieiK'dl)' delivered 'o ik hi] battim or eriliirn i>l 
 royalty, which I immeii,j"|y ritiiriied to hini. fhii 
 m.in, ii'itwiihit Hiding tlie wilJni'ls of hii> appearance 
 to ui, h.id a good countenance^ and hi> neh:iviuur 
 had tomrthing th.it was cni'.igiiig in it. I was r.t tlrl^ 
 at a lufs how to entrrt.iin our numerous guells ; tmt 
 at length I thuiiglit uf regaling tliein with Ionic of 
 our liqtiid Iweetrncats, which we h.id in great plenty. 
 Thcfe they liked extremely, and the fpiioni, which 
 were moftly filver, they returned with gieat honcfly. 
 Having thus comniencisl a friendfhip with them, at 
 day-break the next m«tniiig our boat went on Ihure to 
 cut wood and fill water ; and before the fun was up, 
 we were. igain crowded with cur former (.'iiefts, wlio 
 feemed at if they would never be weary of g.iring at 
 u<. I ordered a great boiler to bu carried on ftiore, 
 with great ftorc of flour and fugir, and a ne(;roco<ik, 
 who wascontiiiu.illy bulling uf^hafty pudding for the 
 numbe-is of fpiftators on the beach ) and it really be- 
 hovcd us tu keep in their favour, for on feeing a few 
 uf our men rolling great and cumbrous caflcs uf water 
 over the heavy fand, it inclined them to help us. I'o 
 this may be added a fenfe of the kind treatment they 
 met with from us, and the particular readinefs of their 
 chief to ferve us, by (hewing his people n goodex- 
 .-imple ; for, after Mr. RaniTall, my lieui<-nant, he 
 himfelf took up the fecond log of woo<l, to carry to 
 the boat, and was immediately followed by 300 men, 
 who encouraged by his cximpir, all took to the work, 
 repaying our civilities with their (ervices } and every 
 day they were more and more fond of u<. Mean- 
 whilc tnc rumour of our arrival was fpread through 
 all the neighbouring parts ; and fome uf the clans, 
 diflivrcnt frum thofe that inhabited the (hores, came 
 daily to take a view of us. Thole who came from 
 any diftance in the country, could not fwim ; and 
 that they were different from thofe we had firft feen on 
 our arrival here, appeared by their manner of paint- 
 ing themfelves, and fcveral other little diftimStions 
 that were vifible among them ; but they all united to 
 aflift us } nor were any of them idle but the women, 
 who ufed to fit in companies on the fcorchiiig fands, 
 waiting for their (hare of what was going forward, 
 which they received very thankfully, and without 
 quarrelling. 
 
 Having done all our bufinefs here in the fp.tcc of 
 five days, on the i8th of Aiiuulf we prepared lor our 
 departure in the afternoon. \Ve employed the morn- 
 ing in making a large diftribution of fugnr amongll 
 the women. To the men wc gave a great many 
 knives, old axes, and old iron, which we had taken 
 in our prizes. Thefo w^re the moft ufeful to them, 
 and of which they ftood moft in need ; in return for 
 which, fomeof them gave us bows and arrows, dcer- 
 fkin bags, live foxes, fquirrels, and the like. A 
 great many of the men ftaid in the (hipall the while we 
 were purchafing our anchor, and it was not till we 
 were under way that they all jumped overboard to join 
 the lamentation* of their countrymen on (hore. 
 
 The men in this fouthcrn part of California are 
 
 tall, ftrait, and well made ; their limbs are large ; 
 
 their hair is black and coarfe, and barely reaches 
 
 down to their (houlders. Their women arc of a much 
 
 U g fmaller 
 
 fun I (t))« only confiilsnce they give their bricki in thcfe pirti> 
 a great number of ihct'e had been tbrown overboard u rubbilh, 
 nor waa ii difeovcred whu they were till they cam* ts tht four 
 ot five lall pieces of this curiaut ceisfsfiiioiw 
 
 I7il 
 
- Kj»' -^fBt'v 
 
 ll« 
 
 T il E VOYAGES O i' 
 
 \\ 
 
 m 
 
 'il 
 
 rmullcr Ct/x ; their lair is much longer than tii': mcnsi 
 and with it !'>..iie of their faces arc alnioft covertil. 
 'I'iie men go quite naked, and have not the leaft tiling 
 to cover any part of them except their heads, round 
 which they wear a band of red and white fillc crafs, 
 wlii«h hangs down to their knees, and have either a 
 deer's ikin, or that of a larec bird curioufly wrapped 
 round their fliouldcrs. m)thing can be more wild 
 and favagc to look at than thcfc people at firft fight : 
 but there is a wide difference between what they 
 ("ecin and what they really arc ; for, by all we could 
 ilifccrn in their behaviour towards on-j another, and in 
 their deportment towards us, they arc endued witii 
 great good nature. They feem to lead a carelcfs life, 
 and to enjoy every tiling in common among them : 
 hai ing nothing but their daily food to provide, they 
 arc Grangers to thofc numerous gratifications, the want 
 of which multiplies diftrcflcs among nations more 
 civiiifed and more refined. Their contentment makes 
 them honeft, for they never offered to ileal the things 
 moft ufeful to them. In a word, they feem to pafs 
 their lives, according to the notions we have of tiie 
 purelt fimplicity of the earlieft ages of the world, be- 
 fore Jifcord aiicl contention were heard of among men. 
 Having no enemies, they live in perfect peace and 
 harmony with one another. Hunting and tifhing are 
 their only employments, except making the inltru- 
 ments, they iife in thefe purfuits, which arc the 
 fimpleft that can be. They have no canoes, and go 
 to fea on bark-logs j hut they are the mod expert 
 divers I ever beheld. By their fimple manner of liv- 
 ing, and their continual cxercil'c, they live to a great 
 age, and yet, whut is furprifii.g, they do not ap- 
 jicar to be \ery numerous, confiuering the extent of 
 tli-iir country. 'I'hcir ni'Ay enemies arc the wild beads ; 
 and of thefe there arc plenty in the vyoods and forcAs. 
 They do not feem to be fo jealous of their wo.-ne.T as 
 they have been rcprefented ; for we had the com- 
 pany of ibme hundreds of them, young and old, with- 
 out any rcllr-iint from the men. 'I'wo things were 
 remarkable, that the)- never would fuffer us to tukc 
 tnuff, but would carneftly take it from us, whenever 
 *e attempted it ; nor would they ever fuffer us to look 
 tlirougli a fpying-glafs, which I had frequent lefjrt 
 to, to fee how our work of wooding and watering 
 went on. In thcfc two inftances they always took 
 upon them to controul us, and in thefe two only, the 
 caufes of which we could never learn. They go out 
 (o fea on the bark-logs above-mentioned, which are 
 «nly compofed of five logs of a light wood made faff 
 to cacli other by wooden pegs, rowing with a double 
 p.iddle J and with their harpoons (which are made of 
 a fort of hard wood) the ttrikc they largeft albicores, 
 and bring thcni in when (truck. 1 his was altogether 
 furprifing to us, who had fo often experienced the 
 ilrength of tliat fifli, and the difficulty of getting 
 them into our Ihip, when either hooked or ijruck. 
 One would imagine, that as an Indian had (truck one 
 of thefe Albicores, it would run away with him and 
 his bark-log j but they either ftrikc them fo as to 
 give them a mo(^tal wound, or have fume particular 
 way of managing them ; for they ftruggle and refift 
 in vain. When we were in this port, it was apparently 
 their fifhing feafon ; but by the number of deer-fkins 
 one tecs among them, it is natural to conclude they 
 have .alfo their Icafon for hunting. T'hc fkins of their 
 deer aie grey, and fo are alfo thofe of their foxes and 
 (quirrels,of all which it is likely they cat indifterently, 
 as of moll other animals that become their prey. Of 
 birds we faw fcarcely any among them except a few 
 p?licans. What thefe Indians ufe inftead of bread, 
 is very remarkable. It is a fmall black fred, of an 
 oily (ubflance, which they grind, much in the fame 
 inanner as wc do our chocolate. The look of thcfc 
 black lump; or rolls, fo made up, is not very inviting, 
 yet the tafte is not very difagreeable. When they 
 want to drink, thev go to the river. 
 
 Their arms are bows and arrows, the former are 
 about fix feet in length j the arrows feem to be fomc- 
 uhat too long for the bows. Their bow-ftrings are 
 
 made of deer's fincwj, and their arrowi are compofed • ■ •){ 
 
 of a hnliinv cane, for two thirds of their length, the . ; 
 
 other third next the point, ii of a heavy kind qf > ' 
 
 wood, with a piece of llint, and fometimes with a ' •■ ' •'- ' 
 fortofaMte, the edges of which are indexucd or cuf 
 in teeth Tike a faw. They made no nxiiuier df fluiif 
 of their arms to us ; and it was rarely that we ikw tlunH 
 in the hands of the men. The women had them in 
 the woods, in fearch of game, which may there be 
 prcfumed to be fomc part of their cmploymeikt. Upon 
 the whole, they may be faid to be a happ) people. 
 
 Sailing form Puerto Seguro, as alreadAr- mentioned, 
 we took our departure from Cape. St^ Lucas on the 
 evening of the j8th of Aiigufl, designing for Canton 
 in China, the mtift likely place to meet with Englifli 
 ihips homeward bound. On the 2i(l wc difcovcreJ 
 an ifland bearing W. S. AV. about no league* dif- 
 tant. I endeavoured to get in with it ; hut, night 
 coming on, I coi4ld not lofc time to view it. I'lii^ 
 ifle my people canted after my name. From hence wi; 
 (leered gradually into the parallel of 13" noJ'th lat. 
 but h.id our courlt; (topped tor two or three days by 
 wederly winds. We were allonifhed at fuch an un- 
 torefcen delay, and began to dread th;it we might 
 meet with many fuch rcverfes of wituls in this paffagc{ 
 nor could wc conjciturc or conceive the cauic of 
 them. In the midff of this, the ufual irade-winii 
 prevailed again, and delivered us from the fears an4 
 apprehenfions in which we had been involved upon 
 the occafion. With this we proceeded on our palTagc, 
 keeping the parallel of 13° north lat. except when we 
 judged ourfelves to be near the (hoals ot St. Bartho- 
 lomew. We then ventured to fail a degree mor« 
 northerly, and fo continued to do for a run of Co or 
 70 leagues. 
 
 [A fortnight after they left California, Captain 
 Shelvock's people who had hitherto enjoyed their 
 health, grew fickly. This he attributes to the quan- 
 tity of Iwect-meats eaten by the crew ; and to the 
 dried beef half devoured bv the ants, cock-roachcs, 
 and other vermin. — The latter is the mo(l probable 1 
 and perhaps a great number of the diltempcrs that ..f- 
 fliil voyagers and travellers in the warmer climates arc 
 owing to the baleful cffeiSls of infe£is, their eggs or ex-? 
 Clements, fwallowed in corrupted meat, or had water. 
 At this time they lolt their ingenious armourer, who 
 had been fo ufeful to them in con(lru£ling their bout, 
 and with a fickly cicw they had likewili: a leaky vef- 
 fel.] 
 
 Under thefe circumdanccB, continues the captain, 
 we met with bleak and difnial weather, with tcinpef- 
 tous winds, flying and varying all round the compafs. 
 Thefe boifteious gales raifed fuch a tumbling fea, aiut 
 oL. (hip laboured fo much in it, that the knee of he( 
 head, and her whole beak-head became loofe ; lb that 
 the bowfprit fetched away, and playlnl with the motioH 
 of the (hip, which \l continued to do a!l the time that 
 we were out at fea, and till we arrived at Cantou. 
 Our mainmaft diKxl for finne time without (hiouds on 
 the larboard fide, till wecoiiUI Unlay our belt liable tt* 
 make more, having knotted and fpliced the old (iirouds 
 till our labour was in vain. In the midd of all tliu» 
 ficknefs and didrefs, I myfclf was taken violently ill, 
 and had no hope to recover, till a fit of the gout gave 
 me fome relief. Great was our want of every thing 
 fit or comfortable for pcrfons in fuch a date of fiek- 
 ncls ; yet, about the beginning of October wc pafl'ed Tl.i.y pjf, l,y 
 by Guam i and, though upon the very brink of pc- '■"•'"ii and 
 ri(hing, we durd cot venture in, fearing that the in- 
 habitants (hould take the advantage of our weaknels, ' 
 and make fome attempt upon our lives. From Guam 
 we diiedled our courfc for the ifland of Forniofa. 
 And now, ihoiich the length of our voyai^ewas dc- 
 creafing very fall, yet our ficknefs was incicaCiig upon 
 us in a much grcatc;- proportion ; and moll truly it 
 may be faid, that both our (hip and ourfeKcs were no 
 longer fit for the fea. It was the 3d of No' ember be- 
 fore we had fight of the iHand, and the icth before 
 we could get any fort of dirciftions to inible us tq 
 reach our intended port. At length, as we vcrc pafting 
 
 . tluought. 
 
 iijiiit 
 
 re lu I-"or* 
 
 inula. 
 
.11. [ 
 
 .1*. 
 
 
 l>~ 
 
 C L I P 1' E R '!• O N A N P SHE L,.V () C K. 
 
 through a viiy i.-iiow chaiiiK:, between a couple. of 
 iflaiids, n fiflacniiaii tpvk iHtici, by our wulious Uiji)- 
 ncr of ,v\orkii)jj th;>t "c n<;r'^ lh;uii;ti;b, ,ai)tl piaijcjjig.- 
 liulsto uiito hrjug oi.li- fliip to, till Kc eiiniH|Up to u»i 
 v.hi a \\x in.iJi; liim unucfUiU'.J iiii^tr.cpil thati '.vc s^ ere 
 bound to Macao, and lie then made a figh.thut, lie- 
 would condutl us thitliL-r, if wc H'oul^ give him a.^ 
 many pieces of ll'vtr as he counted little fiflics out of 
 his bafket, whicli amounted to fixtv. We accord- 
 ii.yly counted out forty dv)Ilars into a hat, and the next 
 day lit- took Ui into charge and anchottd us fafe in the 
 ro;id of Macao near tUe rive-r'of Canton. 
 
 [As we'havi; giVell our readers in Capt. Clipperton's 
 vo)a!:e-, the relation of his affair at (juam, we (hall 
 here piefent thcin witlj Capt. SUehock's account of 
 tluit bujTincfs which he fifys,, he had from fevcral of 
 the Siicccfs's peeiRlt tliat ^^HK o^ to him while h?, 
 wa-s ill tliefe parts.] V • '■ ' • ., 
 
 SI I d' A "^'"-y '•"'^ ""^ (Giys he) that tVir , commander 
 corn.M,! Clip! Clipp.Stlou,; left me'defigncdlyi that they wc"t di- 
 fierions alljir reitLy to.Guani, wl«.rc they were very well lefrcthed, 
 «i fjmin. and fupulied with pro^jGoiiSi that their captain, fpld 
 thcgovu-nuia gieat tju-u'itity of powder and Ihot, and 
 I'cveral ji^jec valuable tliinj^ y iyid that he pcrmij[tc4 
 hispri/b^itVi thcMurq^i^■ of Villa Roche, tp go, ^p 
 flioxe th'(,ie :' ^"IiatMt. Godfrey tfic ajjejit, aiid,a mifp, 
 rine officer, went ta fettle the accoimts for what i\\^T\ 
 ply of thiuijs. tlicy had had i and that, as foon «s they 
 \yere landed, and the boat, come oft" again, Captain 
 Clippertou weighed with his fbip, in order to attack a 
 (hip of 20 guns from Manilla, that had lain quietly 
 in the gtoud with him all the time, . In approaching 
 her, hf ran His o-,vn (hi^ a-ground, and foon found that 
 the enemy v.-as prepared, for him ; his condition being 
 tlien defpcrate, and fuppofing the lofs of his (hip int 
 cvitable, he had recoUrfe to his calk of brandy, and 
 took fo abundantly of it that he fell on the deck, and 
 fjiorcd outhii time in a beaftly manner, whillt his 
 iirll lieutenant, Mr. Davidfon, in his (lead, undertook 
 the command of the (li'ip, which he bravely cxccujted 
 till, he was killat. , He was fucceedcd by Mr. Cook 
 the fccond lieutenant, who made a handfora? rcdft- 
 a'lice, and got the (hip a-Hoat again, after (he had lain 
 on the rocks forty-eight hours. It was ae'.Jcd that their 
 tlius loling the Marquis Villa Kochc, and alfo Mr. 
 Godfrey th,c aient^gencral, together with the officer 
 that went on (norc, gave thp4Jiip's,cpn^p.;iny fo much 
 (lifta(tc, that jthey would , not if^ff{:t hiin to have thf 
 command ^f^hcra any ^bnj;;u-, bu^, locking him up 
 in his ciibiif,. chofe Captjin Cool^ to take charge of 
 tlie (hi)). It Teems, they had much bad weather be- 
 twi^ Guiiin and Amoy in China,' to which Ult.place 
 they got wi^h great difficulty, and there made a divi- 
 dend of all thev had taken, hplf to the owners, and 
 half to the fljip s company. C^ipperton dcfigncd for 
 the ftreights of \L'^cca ;' but his people, fearing jhfl 
 had no good uvtent^ would go no fu ther With him 
 than Maciio, that being a Chriftian port. Upon their 
 arrival there the gov^nor ordsrcd ,Clipp6rtv^ .,,ipto 
 cuftoJy. It fe-ems lit had brokca_|>rifon ,jforracrly 
 t'roin thence, being confined upon having, rail; ^yvay 
 with Damgicr'scommiiruin, and one of bi« prizes*. 
 But upon proilucing bii> majcfty's comnti^nion tui; 
 ilic Huceefs, they gave him uu (iirther trpubJp, and 
 oul^' contented tJiemftlves with flecciaghim jjlittk, 
 Here he fold the Succefs for loool. (ferling. [il.h^ 
 ilift^irent relation of faitsgivui by thefe voyi'ga'b, can 
 <):ily he accounleJ for by the (jhaniiel of ipl'onna;tioii, 
 .i^J by the h|vj;teTatc liatred vyhich they borp to ca?h 
 tithcr. In .the circiimftanccs jull' rejat^.^tif j)fo- 
 bj>le die account f^itcn iu Clippur^n's voyage an4 
 confirmed hy^ Mr. Taylor his chief mate, is tnoretoi] 
 be depended on tiian that u hich Captain Shelvock de 
 
 'I lie rf.iil!r will oklerve lierc, tliat Cipiain Cllpperton, or 
 Clippliio:iin, whole vovaecwc have related, was the fame man 
 w)iu, wi(li a hark of ten tun^, having two malU, two fiiuarc fails, 
 MvUtvn^iataiarocs, left Captain Danipior, in the vcar 1704, on 
 the coafl uf Mexico, and, alter inluliini Uia I, cxa, undertook 
 to fail in her 1 uund half the globe, lie look in provifioni at 
 
 Ijvcr^ by iK^^-layjiOnJ haf .pofTibly t::n;^e-ri(ted v.ith 
 all thebitti-nH-fs of,^^,ii\jdc'jnviviiHler.] ', „ 
 
 Ahiiut,,p,Q(jii^,cyii(i;:,izi!i vf November, ffiontitnies 
 Ke)-4, p.Uki't (;!;!ipe|ol][^'^!^,U>, ajid we imri'.ediati'Iy we.yli- 
 fd, an|J cntcr{;d the ,»-fj(er of Ci'iiion, when; Imaihg 
 the Boiiita an^'Haftihtr's,' t,wo'EngIiili coaflingfliip-, 
 I anchored. ,'aii4 f«iH<>/J an officer, to defire them to 
 ijinrudt us how to bchiive on'rfelves in this part, and 
 to acquaint me will), tlte ijijftojps o.' it._ J'o this thiy 
 
 cordingly did the next day. I how thought 1 w.i;. 
 going to reft a, little from my, bbpur ; but, to my 
 niisfortunc I fuffercd as mitch here, all cii;cuijm;'.i:ek.b 
 iconfidered, as thiid in any former , p., i^t «f inyi((\va^:u ; 
 For, the evening, wtf anchored at Xv ;^nipyj ..\v,here the 
 Englifh (hips commonly Ijc, there liapj;ei)oJ an acci- 
 dent that gave occafioii to much trouble. One of my 
 men, being in fa hurry to remove his eiTecl^ cu boaid 
 theBonita, was (lopped by a Hoppo, or cullom-houl'c 
 officer, tha; waj^tcd to make a leare'i. The fellow 
 being in liquon,' and fearinK they w.yuld take aw.-y the 
 Alyer he hajcl witli himi fircd-a mufquet at the purlfei,-, 
 ant^ ki^ieij the officer. pai;ly't)i<; pcxt iiiornlng the 
 (;orpfe was laid at the duor pi'one of the Englifh houfes 
 ot fa(Jtorics, whcTe Chjnc^j: pffi^jeis appointed for that 
 purpofc, waited for the nrll confiderable Englifhn.an 
 that (hould con;? oijt, withpiit regard to whom this aol 
 of violence and n^urder was to be imputed. ItJiap- 
 pened that one of the Fupercargocs of the Bonita v\ as 
 the firil that came out ; Uim they fci-icd,, put him in 
 cliaihs, ?nd led him, by way of example, about the 
 fuburbs of Canton. All that could be faid or done by 
 the moft confiderable of the Chincfc merchants th.u 
 were in commerce with the Englifli, av.iiled nothing, 
 till my man who cpmmittcd tljc i\\ci was delivered to 
 them, and foon after the Boiiita's fupercargo was rc- 
 leafed. ,It Is the cuftom .-it Caiuonto exaiil a certain 
 funi of jiioncy from all (liips that come there, accord- 
 ing to their mcafuremcnt, which is divided into rates 
 or ppnions of firft, fccond, and third. I therefore 
 every day expelled the Hoppo to come to meafuie 
 ,n>y (hip, but was given to undi-rftand that I muft go 
 up, to Canton, before that could be. done, though 
 cv*n at the hazard of my life. I accordingly went, 
 and ftaid two days at the Cidogan's f.iclory, during 
 which time I was hourly alarmed by fuch (lories as 
 made me fear that I (^oul^, indifpofed as I was, he 
 dragged away from my bed, and put in irons : but, at 
 the end of two days, I was obliged to go down .igaiii 
 ifltf) tiic.Alip, to, be jircfent at the inealyrqment, and 
 a di>y aiterwards the Hoppo came, witli a numerous 
 retinue, and feemed todohjsbudnefs very quietly, but 
 would not let me know what was the luiii he in- 
 tended to e*ai!i. 'I'his ga\c me much trouble ; fur 1 
 began.to think the Chinefe^ through a falle teprelenta- 
 tioi) of our great riclicis had :.n intention to gratilv 
 theirilove o| nijoney, by a heavy impplltioii, and in 
 this I was not jnillakcn. 1 ^lad not been here many 
 days bcA)re I vyasdefertite! by all my;Officeis, and lhip'> 
 cciu)|>aii}' who were contiaiually emploved in removing 
 tlvsir clte|iJlj from on board my (hip to fome of the 
 £yr9pcan)j,,,w/4vawt,»iiy knowledge, as I was then 
 cMibiied to njy b?d. My officers were engaging the 
 Indian gentlcnitei^ in their intcceft, and left me and my 
 (poi with:'a few neg^ps, ;to look alter the (hip. In 
 jQ^ort, iny pe^plf: tud '.fp many ways of difpofing 9f 
 theif efie^^st^thikt it was impomble to oblige them to 
 do %v|>>it I (bould h-we thought jullice to the ecntla- 
 ipcn in England and tu myfelf. In a word, tll^/ 
 
 were 
 
 the Philippines, tlien he failed to Pulo Condore, and from 
 thence came to Macao, where, .-is Captain Shclvock aflirmi, 
 half his crew were hanged for pliatei, and afterwards found 
 means to Ket on hoard an Eaft-lndiaman at Canton, and thus 
 got liii (lallage home, arriving fafe in England in ihcyttr 1:07. 
 
 tu 
 
r-' 
 
 ■-.■■.■■»(|pP4- 
 
 'THE VOYAGES Of, &c 
 
 1 72 1 were nil foon recovered of their illnefs by the alGftance 
 *^VX^ they met with here, and were become their own mailers. 
 The gentlemen who prcfidcd over the trade, fo little 
 coiifulcrcJ our cale, that tiny htd btlf a mind to tei\xk 
 me a paiFaM in one of their fliips ; and, in cfTeA, I 
 was treated by them almoft as one enemy might treat 
 another, in a neutral port. The Captains Hill and 
 Ncwfljam, when they firft came to fee me, were 
 aOonilhcd at the ruinous appearance of my fliip ; and, 
 when I had given tbcm a (hort hillory of my voyage, 
 and defired they would receive me with my elfcns, 
 tlicy anfwercd. That fince they plainly faw my ihip 
 <A .IS in no condition to ftir any farther, upon pay- 
 ing; our pall'.inc they would entertain us as foon as 
 ueplcifed. This I depended on, and expelled we 
 Ihould have no farther trouble than to remove our- 
 lolves at any time j but, on the contrary, I found 
 •.hat I had ignorantly applied to the wrong pcrfons, 
 ■.<nA that my .'«ddrcfs Ihould have be«n to the fupcr- 
 cargoes ; by which meant I was then neglected, while 
 tlic Englilb captains were ordered to fall down with 
 their hvc fhlps, five or fix miles below us : Thus 
 was I left dcltitutc in the company of five foreign 
 lliips, whofe captains perceiving my own country- 
 nicii io carclcfs of me, were fo kind as to offer me 
 thi'ir fcrvicc, and aflilled nic with what they could : 
 Had it not been for them, I know not what I might 
 h.we fuffcrcd, for I was under perpetual alarms left 
 the Chinefe Ihould feize my fhip.—— Having found 
 my error in applying to the captains, and not to the 
 liipcrcargocs, I fcnt a letter to them, not to Jefire, 
 but to demand a palTngc for me, my officers, andihip's 
 company, which I was fenfible they could not rcfufc ; 
 Ani indeed they did not ; but their condcfcenfion was 
 accompanied with a charge to the Englifli Captains 
 not to receive any thing belonging to us, except it was 
 rnnfigncil to the Eall India company in England. 
 This was an article which my people utterly rcjiCled, 
 \(>.ving that they would as foon throw what they had 
 into the fen, as comply with fuch a demand. For 
 mv part, it gave me no concern, being confcious to 
 nivfelf that I h.ul intVingeil none of their nrivileccs. 
 At the fame time that I was acquainted with theirin- 
 tention of receiving us as pafTengcrs, I was alfo in- 
 formed of the Hoppo's demand tor anchorage in the 
 riier, which was no lefs than 6oco tahel ; and, to 
 quicken me in the payment ofrhi'.e\horbitantfum, there 
 was a penalty of 5C0 ailditional t.ihtl for every day that 
 we failed in the payment of it. In fliort, there were no 
 me-ans bv which I could evade this unconfcionablc im- 
 iiofitinn ; and as it w.ns a day before I could pofllbly 
 fend the 6000 taliel up to Canton, they required 500 
 t.ihol more, for ncglecl of payment. So that they re- 
 cei\ul from me, upon this extraordinary occafion, 
 the full fum of 6500 tahel, equal to 2166I. 13s. 4d. 
 of our Englilh money. This, it was apprehended, 
 was about Vix times as much as the Cadogan paid, 
 whicl- was the largeft Englilh Ihip there, and meafured 
 a third more than mine. It was now h^gh timt'togct 
 ou: of my ihip : but, before I quitted her, I fold her Tor 
 20cn tahel, which money, and the reft of my eficils, 
 were confij^ned to theEalt India company. Towards 
 the latter end of December, I failed in the Cadogan, 
 tommandcd by Captain John Hill, in company with 
 the Frances, 'Captain Newlham, who failing better 
 than we, left us as foon as wc were out at fea. Cap 
 tain Hill finding his (hip very tender, put into Bata 
 via, where we continual about ten days, and were 
 int.<imed there were feveral pirates in thofe fcas. 
 Tlirrcfore, when we departed from Batavia, wcjoined 
 the homeward bound Dutch Beet in Banum Bay. 
 T'he commander promilcd to aflift us in wooding and 
 watering at Mcw-lfland, the water at Oatavia being 
 
 7 
 
 very bad : But, on our joinine Captain Ncwfliam, 
 in the Streights of Sunda, the Dutch made it a pre- 
 tence for leaving us before we got the length of Mcw 
 Ifland, and Captain Ncwfliam alio dclerted us the 
 fame evening, fo that wc wcrs left to mirfchTS. 
 
 For feveral days we continued at Mew Ifland, dur- 
 ing which time feveral boats came off to us from 
 Princes Ifland, and brought us turtle, cocoa nuts, pine- 
 apples, and other fruits. Some of the people having 
 feen wild cattle grazing near the ftrand, went on flioru 
 to kill them ; but before they had advanced near 
 enough, they difcovcred a fmall tygcr, and faw the 
 track of an old one ; whereupon they returned to the 
 boat. From Mew Ifland wc had a very pleafant paf- 
 fnge to and about the Cape of Good Hope, which 
 was greatly owing to Captain Hill's good con- 
 duA, in coming in with the land be-times upon the 
 cafternmoft part of the bank, and keeping a moderate 
 diftance from the land, which I think never exceeded 
 a degree, aiid fomctiines we even made the land k- 
 felf. In this courfe wc did not take in our top-faiU 
 above twice ; once for a fqaall, which was over in 
 an hour's time ; and another time, being threatened 
 bv the appearance of bad weather. Captain Hill made 
 all the neceffary preparations to receive it ; which be- 
 ing done, he ftood in for the land j and, in a few 
 hours we had fair weather and a favourable gale, and 
 all our fmall fails fct at the fame time that there re- 
 mained great appearance of foul weather to the fouth- 
 ward, which continued for feveral days afterwards. 
 Though the Frances and the Dutch fljips had fevcn 
 days the advantage of us by leaving us in the ftrcights 
 of Sunda, yet we gained the cape as many days before 
 the Frances, though fhc failed fo much better than wc 
 did ; and, as to the Dutch fliips, there was no ap- 
 pearance of their arrival when we left the Cape. The 
 officers 6f our fliip, by comparing their accounts with 
 thofe of fome of the gentlemen belonging to the 
 Frances, found that flie had fuffcrcd a great deal of 
 bad weather, whilft vtrc, who were about ten feagiies 
 to the northward of them, or nearer the fhore, enjoy- 
 ed fine pleafant weather, and a fair wind, continually* 
 till we arrived in the Table Bay, which vas in the 
 latter end of March. This I fhould think of fufficient 
 weight for any other to purine the ftme track. Here 
 we found Governor Boon, in the London Eaft- 
 Indiaman, and fome others, bound for England. 
 From the Cape wc hud an agreeable paflage to St. 
 Helena, and from thence to England. We anchored 
 under Dungenefs on the 30th ot July, and the fame 
 night fome of the fupercargoes and paffengers, with 
 myfelf, hired a fmall veffel to carry us to Dover, whi- 
 ther we came early the next morning, and the fame 
 day proceeded towards London, where wc arrived on 
 the nrft of Auguft. Thus ended a long and unfortu- 
 nate V'~>yagc of three years, fcven months, and fome 
 days, in the courfe of which we failed very confider- 
 ably more than round the circumference of the earth, 
 and went through a great variety of dangers, both at 
 fca and on fhore. " 
 
 Such was the end of this expedition, from which the 
 owners promifed themfclves lb much, and which as 
 we have feen was defeated chiefly by the diffenAoti 
 th?.t prevailed between the commiflioners. Shelvock ap- 
 pears to have been the ableft of the rwo, but difplealed 
 with the flight cad upon him in the preferment of 
 Clipperton to the command he feems to have been 
 implacable in his refentment. The account we have 
 taken of his voyrtge, as written by himfcif, (hews hira 
 to be an experienced mariner, and an obfervcr of men 
 and manners. Both he and Clipperton in this voyage 
 contributed to extend the nautical kiiov.'icdgc of tne 
 navigators of their age and country. 
 
 
 mill I .IS na bi«j i ;i ■ 
 
 
 THE 
 

 t "3 ] • 
 
 THE VOYAGE Of COMMODORE ANSON, 
 ROUND THE WORLD. 
 
 A War with Spain being rcfolved upon in the year 
 lyjq, two expeditions were planned by Sir 
 (^harles Waecr, then at the head of the Admiralty, 
 Captain Anion then out on a cruifr, was ordered to 
 return with his fhip the Centurion, to command the 
 one, and Mr. Cornwall was defigned to conduct tlie 
 other. As the fcheme was firft intended, two ftrong 
 fquadrons were to be fitted out. Captain Anfon was 
 to take on board three indepcndant companies of loo 
 men each, and Bland's regiment of foot (who was 
 himfelf to command the land forces) and \m to fail 
 round the Cape of Good Hope, to Manilla, in the 
 ifland of Luconia ; while Captain Cornwall was to 
 proceed round Cape Home, into the South Seas, 
 tliere to range the coads of Chili, Peru, and Mexico, 
 and when he had gotten the trcafures in thole parts 
 into his poflclHon, he was to join Captain Anfon at 
 the Philippine Iflands ; then they were to »St in con- 
 jundion, as occafion might oft'cr, nr wait for orders 
 from government to proceed on frtlh enterprizes. 
 
 It was the loth of September, before Captain 
 Anfon arrived in town. By the 13th of the fiune 
 month, he received orders to take under his command 
 the Argyle, Severn, Pearl, Wager, and Trial Sloop, 
 and to proceed to victual them with the utmoft ex- 
 pedition. They were ready to take the troops on 
 board by the end of December ; but when Captain 
 Anfon attended the board in January, he was told that 
 the intended Manilla expedition was laid afide, but 
 that to the South Seas, being ftill intended he fhould 
 command the fquadron. It was not, however, till 
 the end of June that he received his majefty'sinftruc- 
 tions, nor did he fail till the latter end of September, 
 by which unaccountable delay it appeared afterwards 
 that the Spaniards got full intelligence of bis ilrength 
 and deftination. 
 
 At length, however, the fquadron was prepared for 
 fta. It confided of five men of war, a floop, and 
 two vi£iualling fhips, namely. The Centurion, of 
 60 guns, 400 men, as commodore ; the Gloucefter, of 
 50 guns, and 300 men, Richard Norris, Efq; com- 
 mander i the Severn, of 50 guns, and 300 men, the 
 Hon. Edward Legg, commander ; the Pearl, of 40 
 guns, and 250 men, Matthew Mitchell, Efq; com- 
 mander ; and the Wager of 28 guns, and 160 men, 
 the Hon. John Murray, commander, befides which 
 the commodore had two viduallcrs, the Induftry and 
 Anne pinks, the larger of which was of 400, the 
 fmaller of about 200 tons burden. The troops were 
 ordered to be taken on board at St. Helen's, but 
 their numbers and ftrength were dimini(hed by the 
 delay before-mentioned. The deficiency in the crews 
 amounting to 300 men, was made up only by 100 
 people fcnt from the hoipitals, and a party of marines, 
 who had never been at lea. Indead of the three in- 
 ijependant companies, and Bland's regiment of foot, 
 as had been defigned, they had 400 invalids from 
 Chelfca, many of whom perifhed upon the voyage 
 before they nrrived at the fccne of aition. The ac- 
 counts we have of this voyage, are two, the one writ- 
 ten bv Mr. Thomas, the mathematical mafter on 
 board the Centurion, and by the Rev. Mr. Richard 
 Walters, who has explained many circumftances, and 
 from thefe relations ours will chiefly be extracted. 
 
 " Being quite ready, fays our author, about the 
 beginning of 1740, we put to fea three different times, 
 but as often put back by contrary winds, ; d ftormy 
 weather. At lad, on Thurfday tiie i8th of September, 
 we failed in company with the Lark and St. Albans, 
 two of his majedy's fliips of 13 guns each. The 
 king's (hips which joined us here were, the Dragon, 
 the Winchefter, the Chatham, and South Sea Cattle, 
 
 V-t. I. N' 11. , ....,..•.. 
 
 ',i 
 
 and near 200 fail of merchantmen, under convoy, 
 fome of which were bound to the Mediterranean, and 
 others to North America. We had at prefent the 
 command of the whole fleet ; and, this afternoon, 
 leeing a (hip to the S. W. we made the Dragon a fignal 
 fur chafing ; but (he proved one of our own fliips, too 
 far a-head of her dation. On Monday the 22d we 
 faw two fail to the wedward, and fent the Trial floop 
 to fpcak with them. They were Dutch (hips, bound to 
 Curacoa with foldicrs for garrifons there. The Win- 
 chcdcr, and South ScaCadle, with the merchant veflels 
 under their convoy, parted fromusonthe25th. And on 
 Monday the 29th the Dragon, St. Albans, and Lark, 
 with the merchant Ihips in their charge for the Me- 
 diterranean, did the fame ; and we had now no fliips 
 left in company but our own proper fquadron. I'he 
 next day we fpoke with a Dutch man of war bound 
 from Malta for Amflerdam. On the third of Odlober 
 we fpoke with two Englifli merchant fliips, and on 
 the bth with a French iloop from Rochcllc. On the 
 13th died one Philip Merrit, a common failor, who 
 was the fird man that we loft on the voyage. At fix 
 o'clock in the morningof the i6th, we faw land, bear- 
 ing W. N. W. at the diftance of about fix leagues, 
 and, at four in the afternoon we anchored in Fonchalc 
 Road, abreaft of the town, .ind about half a mile from 
 it. During this whole paflage, we had almod con- 
 tinual contrary winds, and boiderous, uncertain 
 weather, by which means a paflage that is very com- 
 monly made in ten or twelve days, took up thirty- 
 eight. Our bufinefs in this place was only to take in 
 water and wine, and fome private dock ; but foon 
 after our arrival, we were informed that they had feen 
 from the iflnnd 10 the wedward, about 16 or 18 fail 
 of fhips, for fcvcral d.iys together, which were fup- 
 pofed to be a junflion of French and Spanidi (hips of 
 war ; and, as we had reafon to imagine that our ex- 
 pedition had been long known, there was little room - 
 to doubt but that thole fliips were defigned to inter- 
 cept and deftroy us before we could attempt any 
 thing to the prejudice of Spain. On thcfc tidings, the 
 commodore fent out an Englifh privateer that lay in 
 the road, with one of his own officers, to fee if ihey 
 could difcover tliem at fea, and what they were ; but 
 flie returned the next day without having made any 
 difcovery. Captain Norris, at his own requed, on 
 accountof his ill date of health, with the commodore's 
 confent, quitted the command of the Glouceder, in 
 order to return to England. The Gloucefter was here- 
 upon given to Captain Mitchell, the Pearl to Captain 
 Kidd, the Wager to the Hon. Captain Murray, and 
 the Trial floop to Mr. David Cheap, our fird lieu- 
 tenant i and as one of the lieutenants of the Glou- 
 ceder had quitted with Captain Norris, our two 
 mates, who had long depended on the commodore, were 
 promoted to be lieutenants on this occafion. On 
 the afternoon of the 4th we weighed, and put to fea, 
 with all the fquadron under our command. An Eng- 
 lifli floop that lay in the road, faluted us with nine 
 guns, which we returned with five. On the 6th 
 of November, at four o'clock in the evening, w« 
 faw Palma, in 29° of north lat. and 19" 44' weft 
 long, from the meridian of London. The fame day 
 we fpoke with a French fliip from Marfeilles, bound 
 to Martinico, and the next morning with a Dutch 
 fliip bound to Batavia, the metropolis of the Dutch ' 
 fettlements in the Eaft-Indies. Or. the nth, about 
 four in the morning, we crofled the northern tropic, 
 for the firft time in this voyage, in long. 24" 24' weft 
 from London. The Anne pink fired a gun, and 
 hoifted a red flag at her fore-t jp-maft head, to give 
 us notice of it. The next day all the lieutenants of' 
 1 H h .. ,.... : ^ , ■ . the 
 
 1740 
 
"4 
 
 THE VOYAGIE OF 
 
 1741 
 
 f 
 
 the fquaJron wen, by a fignal, ordered on board the 
 Centurion ) and orders were given to unload the In- 
 dultry pinJc, nud each fliip tq (alt «i) board' from hi^ 
 their rcfpci^ive quotas of provifions ; in purAiance of 
 whicli wc immediately began to unload'lier, lying by 
 in tlie day, and making an ealy fail in the night. On 
 the 19th, having unloaded and difcharged the Induftry, 
 (he parted from us at eight in the cVeUing, in onkr 
 tu proceed for Barbadoes, whither ihe was bound ; 
 but the commodore having entered into a new con- 
 tract with themader of the Aiuto piink, the was de- 
 tained with us for his nk^ciiy's fervice, our IbipS being 
 too much incumbered to admit of taking on board any 
 more provilloiis at this tiftne. We criminl theequi- 
 no>^ti;il line on the 28th, about five in the morning, 
 in 28" 15' weil long, from London, obferving the va< 
 riation of the compafs to be 34.' eaft. 
 
 On the 2d of December, at eight i« the momiiig, 
 we faw a fail to the N. W. to which we gave chace. 
 At night we loll fight of her; next morning we faw 
 aiul chaled her again, but quitted her in the after 
 noon. We imagined this fail to be a tender belong' 
 ing to the Spanilh fleet, fcnt purpofely to gain intel 
 ligencc of us ; but, on our arrival at the Cape of 
 Good Hope, in our return home, we learned that ihe 
 was the Eaft-Iiidia Company's packet, bound for the 
 illanil of St. Helena. 
 
 [Thus they proceeded on their voyage, anchor' 
 cd on the 17th, at fevcn in the evening, at the ifland 
 of St. Catherine, and Tent a lieuteuant on fhore to 
 compliment the governor, and defirc a pilot to carry 
 them, who .'-eturncd a civil anfwer, and their requcft 
 was granted.] 
 
 Accordingly, fays my author, we weighed and ran 
 up the harbour, and, about noon, anchored in five fa 
 thorn and an half water, in a place they call Boon 
 Portoj but being ftill too far from the watering place, 
 we weighed on the 20th about eleven in the morning, 
 ami r.in f.irthcr up between St. Catherine's, and the 
 main-land of Hr;izil, and, in the s'.liernoon, anchored 
 and moored In live fathoms, about two miles from 
 the W2teriii;j place. The fame evening our firft lieu- 
 tenant went on fliore, with materials for building a 
 tent to Culti-r the people who were to be employed in 
 waterliiJ. Our Ihip's crew beginning to be very 
 ficklv, "tents were eredied on Ihore, one for every 
 fhip,' t'j which the fick were fent, with proper fur 
 gcons to attend t'lem. The at^ents for viAualling 
 were ordered to procure what proviCons we could ex- 
 p"nd during our Itay here, which they accordingly 
 did ; but though their meat, wliich is altogether beef, 
 was both cheap and plentiful, it was, for the greateft 
 part, carrion, and Icarccly fit to be eaten. The men 
 t!irou?,liout the whole fquadron began to drop off 
 apace" with fevers and fluxes, proUibly occafioned 
 by the violent heat of the climate, and the bad air, 
 which Is ftagnited in this woody country. We con- 
 tinued here, wooding, watering, and overhauling our 
 rigging, till Sunday the i8th of January, during 
 which time we had fliort, variable, uncertain wea- 
 ther, with thunder, lightening, and exceflive heat. 
 While we lav here, we pave our fliip a thorough 
 clcanfing, fnioked her between decks, in orttcr 
 to dcltroy the vermin, and waflied every part with 
 vinegar. Which I mention, bccaufe it is abfolutety 
 necellary in all fhips, the ftench of fo many ficK 
 perfons being nolfome in hot clinuktes. Before wear- 
 rived at thls'ifland, from the defcriptioms of M. Frc- 
 zier, a French author, and fome other perfons who 
 h.id Iv'cn on the fpot, we had received fucli accounts as, 
 togctiicr with the climate wherein it is fituated, gave 
 uj very threat ideas of its fruitfulnefs, and hopes of a 
 plentiful lupply of every thing that we wanted f6r a 
 long run ; but wc found ourfelves mifcrably miiiaken 
 inalmolt every article we expected. 
 
 As here are fcvcral fine, fandy bays, wc had very 
 good fifliin;:, with a feine for mullctts, old wives, 
 ning-ray>, maids, turbots, and other flat fifli, bafs, 
 tic. Saflifras ishrre in great plehtv, guiacum is re- 
 ported tob'. |il^ntiful likewilci but /faw none of it. 
 
 nor heard of anyperfon who did, daring our ftajr. 
 Rum and fugar they have in fmall quantities, but 
 p/iiy in8ifitlentiihd,ae»r. ■Tliei<ihabtoi«4 ait" a mix- 
 ture of Portuguefe and Indians incorporated together, 
 Mdrnppear toboverypoor, idle, lazy, ignorant and 
 rude. I belrev'i the Original of the Portuguefe here 
 was chiefly from felons, who fled hither from other 
 par(»of'the Bfaails, to fltelter' ihemfeivts fi^Mjuf- 
 ticc} they were, till lately, without any regular 
 form of government, eKoept • chief, chofen frohaiteng' 
 theimfelvesy who was- mow likeaicaptUA'af tobbcik' 
 than the conunanijef of a ci>lony< When wecime' 
 there, they had fome £uropean foloiert, auda governor' 
 front Rio Jahetio, calleid Don Jofle SilvadePaz,' 
 a very expert engineer, who underftood one part uf < 
 his bufipefs vtry well ; namely, the advanta^ which' 
 accrue from new works to thofe who are intniftcd' 
 with the care of .ereAing them : for, befidct ■ batter/' 
 on a ntck of land that najfroMed the channtl to a littls 
 more than a quarter of a mile ) there were three otheT' 
 forts carrying on for the defence of the harbour, nci- ' 
 ther of which was completed. 
 
 The country (including the main and the iAand) ■• 
 mountainous, and overgrown with thick woods, and' 
 thofe fo much intaneled with the under-growth of' 
 briars, . brambles, and the like, that in moft placet 
 they are fcarcely penetrable. Thefe woods are report'- 
 ed to be full of tygers, which makes any excwfion 
 into the country dangerous, unlets one goes well 
 armed ; and even then much caution is neceff.try.— 
 They have here forae hoes and fiowls, but 1 believe 
 not in great plenty. In the woods are monkeys, apes, 
 armadilloes, and other wild creatures, as alfo parrots, 
 paroquites, and other forts of birds proper to the cli- 
 mate. Alligators are faid to be plentiful in the 
 lakes, and yet we faw none of them. The couiw 
 try Icems to have a good toil, and to be capableof inw 
 provcment, were the inhabitants morecivilifed and in- 
 duftrious. On the 29th we difcovered a fail in the 
 oiling, on which the eighteen oared barge was manned 
 ami armed, and was fent under the ccmmand of the 
 fecond lieutenant of the Centurion, to examine her 
 before {he arrived within the protedtion of the fort. 
 She proved to be a Portuguefe brigantine from Rio 
 Grande, but though tiK officer behaved to the matter 
 with the greateft civility, yet the governor took of- 
 fence St our lending our boat.; complained of the tIo- 
 lation of the peace, and made that a pretence for fend- 
 ing Don Pifarro the moft circumftantial intelli- 
 gence of our force and condition, as we afterwards 
 learned, by letters intercepted in the South Seas. 
 
 We left this illand on the i8th of January, havine 
 had a melancholly proof how much the faealthinels oF 
 the place had been over-rated by former writers ; far 
 we found that though the Centurion alone had buried 
 twenty-eight men fince our arrival, the number of the 
 fick had increaled to ninety-five { and three men died 
 this very day. 
 
 Before our departure, the commodore took everjr 
 precaution to prevent a feparation ; but, confidering 
 that, in fuch boifterous fcas as we were about to en- 
 counter, he himfelf might be difabled, he called the 
 oflicers together, and, in a full council fo ordered it, 
 that if but one fhip efcaped, the expedition (houldnot 
 be abandoned. Proper places of rendezvous were ap- 
 pointed i the time was lettled for ftaying at thefe 
 places ; and if the commodore did not arrive in that 
 time, the captains were ordered to put themfelve* 
 under the command of the fenior, and to proceed with- 
 out farther delay. 
 
 We had very ilormy weather with thunder and light- 
 ening on the morning of the a2d, and the Trial car- 
 ried away the head of her main-maft : A thick fog fuc- flie ftips fc- 
 ceeding, we foon after loft fight of the Pearl, thepinti. 
 Trial, and the Anne pink. In the afternoon, how- 
 ever, we joined company with the Trial and the 
 Anne, but the Pearl was ftill milling. From thia 
 time, to the i «h of February, we had very variable' 
 weather, moftly foggy, from 35 to 39 degrees of fouth- 
 latitude, the reft of the weathur being a mixture not 
 
 much 
 
 hik-i 
 
 ,,^;.„;i,tit 
 
COMMODORE ANSON. 
 
 "5 
 
 1ie (hipi f(- 
 linu. 
 
 much unlike oun In England in the month of Octo- 
 ber, excrpt that we had ot'cen thunder and lightning. 
 Being paft the ht, of 36" we obfervcd the current 
 which had hitherto fet routherly,vtasnow to the north- 
 waixl and the great river of Plata being between 35' 
 and 36" ftrcngthens my conjcfture, that thofe cur- 
 rents are occafioncd by the flux and reflux of that 
 mighty river. On the 13th of February wc faw the 
 land vt-ry plain, and, at four in the afternoon of the 
 fame day, found ourfdves within four niilesof Cape 
 Blanco, on the coaft of Patagonia, in 1 2 fathom water ; 
 on which we hauled off, and ran along the coali. At 
 live the nt-xt morning we faw the land froin vyeft by 
 north to fouth-wcft, half-weft, which I believe to 
 have been the harbour of Port Defire. The norther- 
 mod land in fight was Cape Blanco, and the fouther- 
 moft, Pcneuin ifland.— — 
 
 We anchored on the 17th in the evening, .ibout 18 
 leagues fliort of the harbour of Port St. Julian, 
 where Drake touched in his voyage, and where Mr. 
 Doughty was condemned and executed, on pretence 
 of a confpiracy to murder him and ruin the expedition ; 
 from whence a fmall ifland within the harbour is to 
 this day called the Ifland of True JuUice. The next 
 morning we faw a liiil at S. by E. which wc believing 
 to be the Pearl, made the fignal for the return of ull 
 cruifcrs ; but flie not minding or not feeing it, the 
 Gloucefter was ordered to chace, ami returned, to our 
 ereat fatisfaAion, with her at two in the afternoon. 
 The Pearl's company informed us, that their com- 
 mander. Captain Dandy Kidd, died on the 31ft of 
 January, and th.it they were cliaccd on the 7th in- 
 llant, hy five large lliip', which they believed to 
 be Spanilh men of war, and were Ibmctimes within 
 guii-lhot of them, though they never fired, having 
 endeavoured to decoy, the Pearl, by hoifting a broad 
 red pendant, like that of thcEiiglifti commodore, at 
 the admiral's main top-maft head, and hoping hy 
 that means to inveigle and make furc of their prey. 
 Captain Mitchell thus decoyed, narrowly efcapcd 
 the enemy, by running through a fpacc of water, 
 where the tides or currents making a great rippling, 
 the Spaniards, who thought it was rocky and broken 
 £round, were afraid to follow her. Thcfe we fup- 
 pofed to be the fquadron of Admiral's Pifarro who 
 got fo great a name for bringing the Aota fafe home, 
 the preceding yt^r, by eluding the vigilance of our 
 fquadrons then waiting off" Cadiz, and was therefore 
 looked on IS the moft proper pcrfon to be fent to in- 
 tercept us. We were now, on the i8th, failing along 
 fliore for the harbour of St. Julian, I found the tide 
 to fet in here north and fouth, about a mile an hour 
 Thctimeof flowine, on the full and change days, is 
 N.E.byE. andS. W. byW. nearcft. Wc fent one of 
 our boats with an officer on (bore, to found, and en- 
 deavour todifcover the mouth of the harbour. At fix 
 in the evening, we came to an anchor in twelve fa- 
 thom water. At eight the lieutenant returned, hav- 
 ing found the harbour, we fent our boats alhore, to 
 make farther dilcoverics, and to endeavour to get fome 
 frcfh water, and others to procure fait. Wc con- 
 tinued here till the 27th, during which time we ft.ivcd 
 moft of our cinpty cafks, in order to clear our fliips 
 as much as poflible, and got up, and mounted fuch 
 of our guns as wc had before put down in the hold, 
 ill order to eafc the (hips } for now, not knowing how 
 fuon wr might meet with the Spanilh fquadion, it 
 was nccrflaiy to have thcro all in rcadinefs. Wc 
 could find no frelh water here, and but a very fmall 
 quantity of fait, and no other rcfrefhmcnts whatever, 
 all the country, as for as wc could difcover, being 
 quite barren and defulate. We got fome provifions 
 out of the Anne viifhiallcr, on board each of the other 
 fliips, repaired the Trial's maft, and alGfted her and 
 tUr. viftualler to overhaul and new fix moft of their 
 rigging. Having loft the hopes of a fupply of water, 
 we were put to tiie allowance of one quart a man for 
 one d.iy, and three pints for another, alternately ; 
 bu: confidrring our paflage had hitherto proved ex- 
 tremely ftormy, and a dead time of the year coming on 
 7 
 
 very faft, it w»» thought proper in order to keep the 
 people in as good heart as poflible, to give them whole 
 allowance ofall other provifions, which was ordered 
 accordingly. Here we farther fecured our lower deck 
 guns, by nailing quoins under the truck;, in cafe 
 the tackles, breachings, or iron-work might give 
 way, or fail in the ftormy weather, which wc had' 
 realbn to cxpeil. Here the commodore removed the 
 Hon. Captaiti Murray into the PcatI, in the room of ' 
 Captain iCidd, and Captain Cheap into the Waiter, 
 ill the room of Captain Murray. He advanced Mr. 
 Charles Saunders, his firft lieutenant, to be commander 
 of the Trial floop, in the room of Captain Cheap, 
 and made Mr. Piercy Brett firft lieutenant of ilie Glou- 
 cefter, fecond lieutenant of his own (hip. The Trial 
 being prepared, and the Pearl which had thrown about 
 14 tons of water overboard, when chaced by the Span- 
 iards, being fupplied from the other ihips, we prepared 
 to profecutc our voyage. 
 
 This harbour of Port St. Julian is a barren har- 
 bour, fit only to receive fmall veflels. We lay off 
 in the road about two miles from the niouth of it. 
 It is not to be I'cen open from where wc lay, one point 
 fliutting in another ; and before any fmall Ihip or vef- 
 fcl pretends to venture into the harbour, they ou;^;ht 
 to fend in their boats at low water, and fix pol;.- or 
 buoys at the end of the Ilior.Is, which in a manner 
 block up the palTage. Th? country around is pretty 
 much on the level, except a few hillocks to the 
 northwavd, and a pretty high one in the b;iy, which 
 bears W. S. W. from the place w here we lay at an- 
 chor. The latitude of Port S. Julian is 49" 10' its 
 longitude from London 69' 48 well, and the v.iiation 
 of the compafs 17" 20' eaft. We had uncertain 
 weather here, with much rain, fi.ine fiiow , aiul ge- 
 nerally a thick fog, with fo much wind ami fea as 
 made us ride hard, and haftencd our d.parturc from 
 this utieafy fituation. Sir John Narboroutjh and others 
 write that they have often fccn and converfed with 
 the inhabitants of this and other parts of Patagonia, 
 and have given wonderful defcriptions of them ; but 
 as we faw none of them, I have nothing to fay of 
 that fort ; nor indeed do I think there is any thing 
 in this wild part of the world worthy of the lean 
 notice. 
 
 On the 27th, at fix in the morning, wc made the 
 fignal, weighed, and put to fea ; but the Gloucefter 
 being long in weighing her anchor, and the weather 
 proving thick and hazy, we foon loft fight of her j 
 and, at one in the afternoon, tacked and lay by for 
 her coming up. At fevcn, we fired a gun, as a iignal 
 for her, and foon after (lie joined us, having broken 
 he main yard in the flings. 
 
 Previous to our leaving this port, a council was 
 held on board the Centurion, at which all the officers 
 by fea and land attended 1 when it was propofcd by 
 the commodore that their firft attempt ihould be on 
 the town of Baldivin, the principal frontier of the 
 diftri£t of Chili. To this propofition of the council 
 unanimouily agreed ; in confequence of which, new 
 inftrudtions were given to the captain of the fquadron, 
 by which they were dircfled, in cafe of feparation, to 
 rendezvous at the ifland ofNueftra Senorodel Seccoro, 
 and there to cruife for ten days j after which they 
 were ordered to repair to the height of Baldivia, and 
 there, 30° and 40° 30' to continue eruifing 14 days 
 longer ; and, if in that time they were not joined by 
 the reft of the fquadron, they were then to quit that 
 ftation, and dirciEl their courfc to the ifland of Juan 
 Fernandez. 
 
 On the 5th of March, in the mornine, wc pafl'ed 
 by the ftreigiits of Maghcllan, fo near, tnat wc faW 
 tnen> very plainly } the northermoft point of which, 
 |(;nown by the name of Cape Vircin Mary, I found to 
 be in 52'" 28' of fouth lat. and long, from London 
 jro" 55' weft, variation of the compafs 18" 50' eaft. 
 The Joundings when it bore S. W. by S. at the diA> 
 tance of eight leagues, from 32 to 50 fathoms, the hot* 
 torn black grey fand and mud. 
 
 The afternoon of this day being Very bright and 
 
 clear* 
 
 1741 
 
 ..tf-^ 
 
Ii6 
 
 THE VOYAGES OF 
 
 «74> 
 
 T 
 
 l'^. 
 
 i 
 
 ... 
 
 ctear, with light breeze*, inclinable to be calm, 
 nioft o( the captuins took the opportunity of the fa- 
 vourable weather to pay a vifit to the commotion:, but 
 while they were in company together, they were ul 
 greatly alarmed by a fuilden flame which burfl out 
 on buard the Centurion, and whicli was fuccceded 
 by a cloud of fmokc. However, they were fix)n re- 
 lieved from their apprchenfions, by receiving informa- 
 tion that the blall was occafioned by a fpark from the 
 fari^e lighting on fome gunpowder and other combuf- 
 tibles, whicii the officers were preparing for their ufc. 
 in cafe wc fhould fall in with the Spanilh fleet, and 
 that it had been cxtinguilhcd without any damage to 
 the ihip. 
 
 In the morning of the 6th, wc faw the land of 
 Terra del Fuego, confilting of high, craggy hills, 
 towering above each oilier, moftly covered with fnow; 
 with deep, horrid vallcy<i, fome few fcattered trees, 
 no plains, nor one chcari'ul green, through all the hor- 
 rid profpecl ; fo that the whole may not impro|M;rly 
 becalled The Land of nefolation ; and I much quel- 
 tion whether a more dreary profpe£t is to be feen in 
 any other part of the habitable earth ; for voyagers 
 fay this is inhabited ; but furely its inhabitants muft 
 ba the moft miferable of human beings. This even- 
 ing wc lay by, that wc might not ovcrlhoot the 
 Streights of Lc Mairc in the night, though 1 believe, 
 had wc kept on, and paflcd round Staten Land, and a 
 fmall ifland or two, which lie to the eaftward of thofe 
 ftreights, and, together with Terra del Fucgo, frame 
 them, it might have been more to our advantage than 
 paiTuig through them. The 7th, at eight in the morn- 
 ing, we were very near a point of land on Terra del 
 Fuego, called Cane St. James, bearing E. S. t". ano- 
 ther called Cape St. Vincent, S. E. half E. thcmid- 
 dleiiioft of the Three Brothers, being three high hills 
 on this land Monte (jorda appearing above, farther 
 up in the country and bearing fouth from us. It is by 
 tliefc marks that the mariner knows he is near the 
 Streights of Le Mairc, and indeed we began toopcn 
 tliem in this pofition. By noon we were almofi 
 through them, bcin^; adifted by a very llrong tide, 
 with much rippling, and which made to the fouth- 
 ward lorricwhat before ten o'clock in the morning. 
 The coiirfc llirouL,h is ;;lm')ft divei^tly fouth, and there 
 arc no ftioals nor rocks in the pallagc, from whence 
 nny danger may be incurred, the only thing to be 
 feared is the tide's turning, after the ftreights are en- 
 tered, in which calc the veflel will certainly be hur- 
 ried back again, and can have no paflagc there till the 
 next turn of the tide. The breadth of this paflagc ap- 
 pears to be about fix or fevcn leagues, and its length 
 about feven or eight. The ftrcight lies in 55 degrees 
 fouth latitude, longitude by" 30 weft from London ; 
 the foundings from 43 to 58 fathoms j thf bottom 
 bhick fand and jjebblcs. 
 
 In pafling through, our joy was incrcafed by the 
 brightncfs of the fky and the fercnity of the weather, 
 which was indeed remarkably pleafmg ; for though 
 the winter was now advancing a-pacc, yet the morn- 
 ini; of this day, for its brilliancy and mildncfs gave 
 place to none we had feen fincc we had left England. 
 Hilt wc here found, what was conftantly verified by 
 all our obfervations in thefe high latitudes, that fair 
 wfathcr was always the fore-runner of a fuccceding 
 dorm, and that fun-(hine and tempeft followed one 
 another like light and (hade. We had fcircely reach- 
 cilthc extremity of the ftreights when tne ferenity of 
 the (kv, which had fo much flattered our hopes, was 
 all at once obfcured ; the wind fhifted to the fouth- 
 waro, and the fea began to fwcll to an aftoniftiing 
 hrlght. Before night the tempeft arnfc, and the tide, 
 which had hitherto favoured us, turned furioufly 
 againl^ us ; fo t'.iat inftcad of purfuing our intended 
 cuurle, we were driven to the eaftward, by the united 
 force of wind and current, with fo much precipta- 
 tion, that in the morning we found ourfelves fevcn 
 le;igucs to the caft of the Streights of Lc Mairc. From 
 this time, wc had fuch a coucinual fucccftion of tcm- 
 1 
 
 peftuous weather as furprifed tiic oldeft and moft tX' 
 perienced mariners on board, and obliged them to 
 confcfs that what they had hitherto called ftorms were 
 inconfiderable gales, compared with the violence of 
 thefe winds, which raifed fuch fliort, and at the fame 
 time, fuch mountainous waves, as greatly furpafled in 
 danger all fcas known in any other parts of the gloK-^ 
 and it was not without rcafon that this unufual appear- 
 ance filled us with continual terror; for had any one 
 of thofe waves broke fairly over us, it muft in all pro- 
 bability, have fent us to tne bottom. Nor did we cf- 
 cape with terror only j for our veflel inccflantly rolling 
 gunwale to, gave us fuch quick and violent motions 
 that we were in perpetual danger of being daflicd 
 againft the mafts or fides' of the iliip : And though wc 
 were extremely careful to fccurc ourfehes from thefe 
 fudden (hocks, by grafping at fome fixed hotly, yet 
 many of our people were forced from their holds, 
 fome of whom were killed, and others grcitly injured: 
 In 'particular, one of our bcft feamen was carried 
 oveiboard, and drowned, another diflocated his neck, 
 a third was thrown into the main-hold, and broke his 
 thigh, and one of our boatfwain's mates broke his 
 collar-bone twice, befides other accidents of the fame 
 nature. Thefe tempefts, fo dreadful in thcmfelves, 
 (even though unattended by any other unfavourable 
 circumftance,) were rendered more mifchievous to u» 
 by their inequality, and the deceitful intervals whicli 
 they at fome times afforded j for though we were of- 
 ten obliged to lie to for four days together under a 
 heavy wind, and were frequently reduced to remain at 
 the mercy of the waves, under our bare poles ; yet 
 now and then wc ventured to make fail, with our 
 courfcs double-reefed, and the weather proving more 
 tolerable, would encourage us to fetour topfails; af- 
 ter which the wind without any previous notice, 
 would return upon us with redoubled force, and, in 
 an inftant, tear our fails from the yards ; and that no- 
 thing might be wanting to aggravate our diftrefs, thefe 
 blafts generally brought with them a great quantity of . 
 fnow and fleet, which cafedour rigging and froze our 
 fails, thereby rendering them and our cordage bri'tlc 
 and apt to fnap upon the flightcft ftrain, adding inex- 
 prefliblc difliculty and labour to the working of the 
 (hip, benumbing the limbs of the people employed in 
 handling the fails, or handling the ropes, and making 
 them incapable of exerting themfclves with their ufual 
 aftivity, and even difabling many by mortifying their 
 fingers and toes. And now, as it were, to add to the 
 finifhing ftroke of our misfortunes, our people be- 
 gan to be univcrfally afilided with that moft terrible, 
 and at fca, incurable difeafe, the fcurvy, which quickly 
 made a moft dreadful havock among us, beginning at 
 firft to carry ofF two or three a day ; but foon increaf- 
 ing, and at laft carrying off eight or ten ; and as 
 moft of the living were ill of the fame diftempcr, 
 and the little remainder who prcferved their health 
 better, were quite worn out with inceflant labour, 
 I have fome times feen four or five dead bodies, iome 
 fown up in their hammocks, others not ; lying 
 about the decks, for want of help to bury them in thu 
 fca. 
 
 [In fliort, the voyagers met with nothing but 
 difficulties and dangers, fplitting their fails, and hav- 
 ing their feamen kilhd or difabled in almoft every 
 gale. The Pearl and Severn were feparatcd from the 
 fleet on the loth of April, and from that time they 
 faw no more of them, but afterwards, by letters ta- 
 ken on board fome of the Spanifh fhips, they heard T|j.'|''"' ' J*^ 
 of the arrival of thofe veflel s at Rio. On the 23d gj'ijjf" jj|"|s 
 of the fame month, they loft fight of the Gloucciler, arc fcparated 
 Wager, Trial, and Anne, being all the remainder of f'uni tlie flcifc 
 the fquadron. The Wager fuftercd fhip-wreck at the 
 Ifland del Seguro, the reft joined the commodore at 
 the Ifland of Juan Fernandez. The bad weather 
 with fonij few intervals ftill continued. On the 8th 
 of May the commodore faw the main land of Pata- 
 gonia, as alfo fevcral iflands, one of which lie look to 
 be Seguro, which owing to Sir John Narborough's 
 
 a-jiceablc ■ 
 
COMMODORE ANSON. 
 
 »«7 
 
 The Pcai I uA 
 
 Stjvcin antl 
 other Tcllels 
 arc fcparatetl 
 from tlic flcifc 
 
 ureeable defcription of it* was appointed for the 
 nrft place of rendezvous for the fleet in the South 
 Seas. 
 
 This (fays my author) was an unhappy appoint- 
 ment In Its conleauences, for when the people, already 
 reduced to the laft extremity, found this to be the 
 place of rendezvous, where they had hoped to meet 
 the reft of their companions with joy, and faw what 
 a miferablc part of the world it appeared to be, their 
 grief was fucceeded by defpair ; they faw no end of 
 their fuflfcrings, nor any door open to their fafety. 
 Thofe that had hitherto been well, and in heart, were 
 now full of defpondency, fell down, fickened, and 
 died I and, to fum up this melancholy part, I ve- 
 rily believe that our touching on this coaft, the long 
 ftay we made here, and our hindrance by crofs winds, 
 which we ihould have avoided in a direift courfe to 
 Juan Ornandez, loft us at leaft 60 of as ftout and 
 able men as any in the navy. This unlpcakable dif- 
 trefs was ftiti aggravated by the difficulties which we 
 found in working the (hip, as the fcurvy had dvftroyed, 
 in all, no lefs than 200 of our men, and had, in lome 
 decree, affe£led the whole crew. Indeed, it were 
 cndlefs to recite minutely the various difafters, fa- 
 tigues, and terrors, which wc encountered on this 
 coaft. All thefe went on increafing till the izd 
 of May, at which time the fury of all the ftorms 
 that we had hitherto experienced, fecmed to be com- 
 bined, and to have confirmed our dcftruftion. In 
 this hurricane almoft all our fails were fplit, and 
 great part of our ftanding rigging was broken. About 
 eight in the evening, a mountainous fea took us on 
 our ftarboard quarter, and gave us fo prodigious a 
 Ibock, that feveral of our (hrouds broke with the 
 jerk, by which our mafts were in danger of coming 
 by the board, and our ballaft and ftores were fo 
 ftrangely Ihifted, that the ihip heeled afterwards two 
 llreaks apart. It was a moft tremendous blow, and 
 we were all thrown into the utmoft confternation, 
 from the apprehenfion of inftantly foundering. Our 
 deplorable ftuation no longer allowing any room for 
 deliberation, wc ftood for Juan Fernandez ; and, to 
 fave time, which was now very precious, (our men 
 dying, four, five, or fix in a day,) wc endeavoured to 
 hit the ifland on a meridian courf'c. On the 28th of 
 May, being nearly in the parallel in which it is laid 
 down, we expcAed to have feen it ; and indeed the 
 commodore was perfuaded that he did fee it ; but all 
 the officers being of opinion that it was only a cloud, 
 to which the hazinefs of the weather gave too much 
 colour, wc made fail to the caft w.ird, and, by fo doing 
 loft above 14 dajrs in recovering our wefting again. 
 This was a moft fatal difappointment ; for in this 
 run we loft above 80 of our men, moft of whom would 
 probably have been faved, if the commodore's advice 
 had been attended to. On the 8th of June, at fix in 
 theevening, we at laft faw the ifland, bearing north by 
 eaft, half-eaft, about 15 or 16 leagues oft'. On the 
 loth, at two in the morning, we anchored in 56 
 fathom water, clofe under the north-caft part of the 
 ifland. At ten in the morning of the nth, with much 
 labour and difficulty, we weighed our anchor, and, 
 at noon, happily moored our (hip in the great bay, 
 about a mile from the fliorc, in 52 fathom water, to 
 our iiirxpreffible joy ; having been from St. Catherine's 
 in the Bnzils to this place, 148 days on fuch a dread- 
 ful and fatal paflage, as I believe very few other per- 
 fons ever expci';nced. At two in the afternoon, the 
 *°tiiL T :il '^''''' ^PPt'U'fd in tlic offing ; on which we immedi- 
 »t Imiu rei'. a'cly fent fome hands on Iward her, by which affift- 
 aaiidcz. ance flic was brought to an anchor between us and 
 
 the land. Wc foon found that the floop had not b?en 
 exempted from calamities fimilar to thofe which we 
 had fo fevercly felt ; for her commander. Captain 
 Saunders, waiting on the commodore, informed him, 
 that out of his finall complement he had buried 34, 
 
 • He had been therein the height of fummcr i whereas winter 
 was approaching, when Anion arrived in thofe pjiis. 
 
 Vol. I. N»n. 
 
 Tliey : . 
 
 and thofe who recovered were fo univerfally affli£lcd 
 with thcfaurvy, that only himfclf, his lieutenant, and 
 three of his men were able to ftand by the fails. The 
 fame day wc got Out our long boat, and fent her on 
 Ihore, with materials for building tents for the flck, 
 and with orders to bring on board fome wat' r. On 
 the 17th the Trial came again to an anchor, and 
 moored : This day and the next, we fent on Ihorc the 
 remainder of eur nek people, the whole number now 
 on ftiore being 135, many of whom as they were too 
 far gone in the fcurvy died, to the number of fixty. 
 We now began to fend on fhore materials lor the tents, 
 for the coopers, fail-makers, and fome ot tlic officers : 
 we fent alfo a copper oven, whitli wc had with us for 
 baking foft bread for the (hip's company, and the 
 fmith s forge, for making or repairing liieh iron-work 
 as was nccclfary. After a Ihort interval 01 relaxation, all 
 haifds were bufity employed in cutting large quanti- 
 ties of wood for the (nip's ufe, fome in making char- 
 coal for the fmith, and for a farther ftorc ) the bakent 
 in preparing bread | the coopers in making up and 
 cleaning the cafks for water j the fail-ninkers in 
 mending the fails and making others. Some were 
 fifhing for the fick, and others were othcrwifc cm- 
 ployed. Here being great plenty of line fi(h, all to 
 be taken by the hook, two or three people couKI never 
 fail to take as much in about two hours, as all the 
 (hip's company could eat. Befides wu took great 
 quantities for falting and curing; ) and fome private 
 perfons who had hooks and lines, hfhed for themfelves, 
 and caught enough for their own ufo, and to give to 
 thofe who had none. In the mean time, the people on 
 board were employed in cleaning the vellel, which was 
 in a very filthy condition, and in ftripping the maffs, 
 and overhauling the rigging. One of the boatfwain's 
 mates, (with fome affillfants) having run up a rope- 
 walk on (hore, was employed in making what finall 
 cordage we might want; others in watering; in 
 (hort, in every thing that might contribute to put us 
 in as good a condition, and in as (hort a time as pof- 
 fible i and as faftas the fick recovered, they were put 
 on the like employments. 
 
 At firft fight ot this ifland it appeared with a moft 
 unpromifine afpeft, being extremely mountainous, 
 rugged, and irregular 1 but, on our near approach 
 it improved upon us i and, when we were landed, 
 we found all the vegetables which are ufually efteemed 
 to be peculiarly adapted '9 the cure of thole fcorbutic 
 difordcrs that are contraitcd by fait diet, and lon<» 
 continuance at fea i for here were water-crelTes, will 
 forrel,andSicilianradi(hes, in profufion. Thefi; vege- 
 tables (not to mention the turnips which now.:bound 
 in every plain with the fifti and fle(h we got here) were 
 not only extremely grateful to us, but were likcwife 
 very refreftiing to the fick, and contributed not a 
 little to the recovery of thole who weie not already 
 too far advanced in the diforder to admit of relief, and 
 to the reftoring of others to their wonted vigour, who 
 though not apparently under themalignancyof thedif- 
 temper and its baleful concomitants, were yet greatly 
 debilitated by continual watching and anxiety of mind, 
 from which not one on board was exempt. 
 
 During the time of our refidence hem, we found 
 the inland parts of the ifland no way to fall (hort of 
 the fanguinc prepofl'effions we had firft cntirt.-.incd in 
 its favour : For the woods which covered moft of the 
 fteepeft hills and precipices, were free from all buflics 
 and underwood, and affiorded an eafy pafl'age through 
 every part of them ; and the irregularities of the hills 
 and precipices in the northern parts of the ifl.ind, ne- 
 cefl'arily traced out, by their various combinations, 
 a great number of romantic valleys, moft of which 
 had a ftreara of the clcareft water running thix)ugh 
 them, which tumbled in rafcades from one rock to 
 another, as the bottom of the valley, by the courle of 
 the neighbouring hills, was at any time broken into 
 a Iharp and fudden dcfcent. Some particular fpots oc- 
 curred in thefe valleys, where the ftiades and fragrance 
 of the contiguous woods, the lof^lnefs of the over- 
 hanging rocks, and the tranfparency and frequent 
 ^ ' fall* 
 
 1740 
 
Ill 
 
 tHE VOYAGE O V 
 
 ■ 740 ''•>l)> of the neiglibourinjg Aieami, prefenred fccnes 
 
 ■ n I ■> of fuch elegance njul dignity, as coiilU witli <lif- 
 
 ficujty b« rivalled in any other part of the gjiobc. It 
 in la thii place that the fccpes of finaplc natune may 
 perhaps be laid to excel all the ^itiout defcriplion* of 
 the inoft animated ima^inacioo. The fpot where the 
 commodore chofc to hx hie rdidcncc, exceeded in 
 beauty any thing that words can be (u\. -wfud to re- 
 prcfeiu. It was adi'lightful little lawn that lay on an 
 cafy afccnt, at the diltancc of about half a mile from 
 the fea, and was probably the very fj>ot whereon Cap- 
 tain SIicIvocIl had pitched his tent twenty yean before. 
 In front there was a lirge avenue cut through the woods 
 to the fca-fide, which ifoping to the water with a gen- 
 tle dcfccnt, opened a profpedt to the bay with the 
 (hips at anchor. This lawn was fcreened behind by 
 a tall wood of myrtle, f weeping round it in the form 
 oi' a theatre, the dope on which the wood flood, riflng 
 with a much fliarper afpent than the lawn itfelf, yet 
 not fo much but that the hill* and precipices without 
 land towered confiderably above the tops of the trees, 
 and added to the grandeur of the \'iew. There were 
 bcfidcs, two dreams of chryftal water, which ran on 
 the right and left of the tent, within an hundred 
 yards diftance, and were (haded by the trees that 
 Ikirtcd the lawn on either fide, and completed the 
 fymmetry of the whole. 
 
 It is aftonifbine (continues the writer) that among 
 all the voyagers wlto have vifited this illand before us, 
 and who have obliged the world with defcriptions of 
 it, none of them have mentioned a charming little 
 bird, that with its wild, various, and irregular notes 
 inchants the ear, and makes the woods refound with 
 its melody. This untutored chorittcr is fomcwhat 
 Icfs in flze than the gold-hnch, its plumage beauti- 
 fully intermingled with red and other vivid colours, 
 and the golden crown on its head fo bright and glow- 
 ing, that when feen in the full light of the fun, it fur- 
 paJTesall dcfcription. Thefe lituc birds are far from 
 being uncommon or unfamiliar : I'hey perched on 
 the branches of the myrtle trees fo near us, and fang 
 fo chcarfully, as if they had been confcious that we 
 were ftrangcrs and had come to bid us welcome. Be- 
 fldcs the above, there is another little bird unnoticed 
 by any former writer, and which feems likewifc to be 
 peculiar to the iflnnd, and is confequently without a 
 name. It is fiill lefs than the former in flze, but not 
 inferior in beauty, though not fo mufical. The 
 back, wings, and head, are of a lively green, inter- 
 mixed with (hining golden fpots, and the belly is 
 a liiow-whitc ground with ebony coloured fpots, fo 
 elegantly varied, that no art can imitate. To the ca- 
 talogue of birds mentioned by former writers, fliould 
 alfo DC added blackbirds and thruflies very likethofeof 
 England, and owlt, but of a very diminutive fize. Of 
 four-footed animals we faw none but cats, rats, dogs, 
 and goats, and of the latter but few, as the dogs of 
 various kinds, gray-hounds, maftifTs, pointers, fpa- 
 nlcls, and mut.grcls, have thinned them in plains, 
 and driven them to inacceffible mountains ; yet ibme 
 were (hot by the hunters, and virere preferred by them 
 to the bcft venifon. Among tholi: preientcd to the 
 commodore were two or three venerable through age, 
 which had been marked more than thirty years before 
 by Selkirk. 
 
 We once had an opportunity of obferving a re- 
 markable difpute between a herd of thefc animals and 
 a number of dogs ; for going in our boat into the eaft- 
 crn bay, we perceived fome dogs run very eagerly 
 upon the foot, and being willing to obfervc what game 
 they were after, we lay on our oars fome time to view 
 them, and atlaft faw them take a hill, where looking 
 a little farther, weoblerved, upon the ridge of it, an 
 herd of goats, which feemed drawn up for their re- 
 ception. There was a very narrow path (kirted on 
 each fide by precipices^ in which the leader of the herd 
 pofted himfelf fronting the enemy, the reft of the 
 goats being ranged behind him where the ground was 
 more open. As this fpot was inacceiTible by any other 
 ^th except that where this champion had placed him- 
 
 felf, the dogs, (hougli ilicy ran np hill with great 
 alacrity, yet, wh<n(h('y came withui about 20 y.irdi, 
 found they duril not encounter this (ornud.il)ic (Jo- 
 liah ) for he would 4af:illibly haw driven the tirll that 
 approached him down the precipice ( they thuvfoie 
 laid thcmfelves quietly down, panting', aud did not 
 oft'cr to flir while wc were in fight. 'T hilc dogs have 
 multiplied prodigioufly, and have deOroycd molt of 
 thecals as well a<> goats : the rats, however keep pij|- 
 feflion, ami were very troubleluine giiclls in the night, 
 when they generally paid us their vifite. It is n»i 
 eafy to determine in what majincr fuch « number ut 
 dogs fubfift, as they are much more mimiruus than 
 all the other four-footed creatures upon the IHuud. 
 Our people were inclined to think they livul in agru^t 
 meafuie upon the young fea-lions :uid I'eals ; and liip- 
 ported their opinion by the report of tlw failurs, liimc 
 of whom killed the dogs for food, and faid they tailed 
 fi(by : and indeed there is hardly any other way uf ac- 
 counting for the fubfinenrc of thefc animals i for, as 
 has been laid, they have already dell ruycd all the goats 
 in the acccflible part of the country ; lio that there re- 
 main now only a few, among the crags and preci- 
 pices, where the dogs coanot fulU>w thcni. I'helii 
 are divided into feparatc herds of twenty or thirty 
 each, which inhabit diftiuct fdlliiiiles ni.ii iv ver min- 
 gle with each other : by thele niiKiis >vt I'otind >i ex- 
 tremely difficult to kill them; and vet «•: «Y!e f.' tic- 
 firous of their flcih, that wedikovi I'^l I bcli< .;, .ill 
 their herds i and it was thought, on coii.|' iii), a.r 
 numbers, that they fcarcely exceeded 200 upon tnc 
 vkholc ifland. The dogs liad dedroyed the parddlas 
 likcwife, fo that there was not one of them to be fecii ; 
 we found, indeed, their boroughs in the earth, which 
 leaves no doubt of tlicir being in plenty there in Sel- 
 kirk's time, as well as cats, of which there is now 
 fcarcely one left alive. Flc(h-meat being very fcarce, 
 our people, tired of fi(h, though excellent in its kind, 
 at length condefcended to eat fe.nls, which, by degrees 
 they came to relilh, and called them lamb. Of thefe, 
 it being their breeding time, and of the fta-lions 
 the numbe > ere incredible. Thefc animals have 
 frequently fi . .ous battles Among thcmfelves, princi- 
 pally about their females i and wc were one day fur- 
 prifcd by the light of two animals, which at (irft 
 feemed di(tcrent from all wc had ever obferved ; but, 
 on a nearer approach, they proved to be two fca-Iioni 
 that had being goring each other with their tulks, and 
 were covered with blood, with which they plentifully 
 abound. This led us to watch them more clofely ; 
 and one was obferved larger than the red, and from 
 his driving off other males, and keeping a great num- 
 ber of females to himfelf, he was humoroufly dyled 
 the Balhaw. To this pre-eminence, however, he 
 had not arrived without many bloody cnntcds ; for on 
 our people's attacking himinthemidft of hisfeniglio 
 of females, being overpowered after having made a 
 defperatc defence, the figiis of his bravery appeared in 
 numerous fears on cacry part of his body. 
 
 Wc had now been ten days on this illand, when fome 
 of our people difcovercd from .in emincicc a ihipto 
 the leeward, with hercourfes even with the horizon, 
 without any other fail abroad but the main-top-fail i 
 from whence it was concluded flic was one of our own 
 fquadron ; but the weather being h.i7V, no definitive 
 determination could be formed concerning her. She 
 dilappeared for forac days, and we were all under the 
 deepeft concern, fearing that the weaknefs of her con- 
 dition had difabled Iter from working to windward, 
 and that all on board had periibed. We continued our 
 employ till the 20th, when we faw the (hip again, 
 and, on her near approach, could didinguilh her to 
 be the Gloucedcr; and, making no doubt of her be- 
 ing in didrefs, the commodore fent our boat on board 
 her with water and refrefliments. We found her in a 
 miferable condition, havine not many more than an 
 hundred people alive, anualmod all thofc hclplcfs 
 with the fcurvy ; their water (o vc.-y fliort that they 
 were obliged to allow but a pint a day to a man, and 
 the continual flaws ofF the land, to^^ct'hcr with their 
 6 bcin^ 
 
 
 ■m^ 
 
 ■-M 
 
COMMODORE ANSON. 
 
 bring dffnblcil in their fails anil yards hindered them 
 from getting into the bay. The next day wc fcnt 
 them a frcfti fiipply of tilti, greens, and water, and 
 men to help tu uuric the (hip; Icon after which the 
 flaws drove them off again, and the Ihip appeared no 
 more till the .)Oth, when (he tired a p^n, and made 
 a fii^nal of didrefs. She continued in thit manner off* 
 amlon, fometlmes in fight, and fometimcii not, till the 
 ajd of July ; during which time, though we often re- 
 lieved the people on board with water and other nc- 
 cellaries, yet their lufterings were infupportable and 
 their whole complement was by this time reduced to 96 
 men, all of whom muft have pcrilhcd in a few days 
 more, hod not the wind proved favourable tobrin^ them 
 into the bay ; but providentially a frefti gale fprung 
 up from the fea, which brought them to an anchor. 
 Tlie nioucef- ' immediately fent men on board to aflilt in moor- 
 ter joinj them '"g 'be ihip, and continued our alfiftance during our 
 •gain. Aay at this place. 
 
 On the 5th of Auguft the commodore fcnt the 
 Trial floop to fearch the ifland of Little Juan Fer- 
 n.indei, left any of the fquadron ftiould have miftaken 
 that ifland for the place of rendezvous, and might re- 
 main there, in expectation of meeting with the reft of 
 the fliips. On the ijlb, the Anne pink, which had 
 been fepitrated from us, with the reft of the fquadron, 
 on the 23d of April, appeared in fight. Her arrival 
 gave us new fpirits, fhe being principally laden with 
 Thevmeet provifions, and we were immeJiiitely ordered full al- 
 »:"'"l'"^""« Jowance of bread. This Ihip had been about two 
 f'" months in a fafe harbour, on the main land, near the 
 
 fame parallel with del Soccoro, whither (lie had been 
 diredlcd by Providence, and where (he lay in fecu- 
 rity, and enjo; .d plenty, and her people, fixtecn in 
 number being freed from their fears of (hipwreck, very 
 <i;on rxovcred their wonted vigour, having experienced 
 none of thole hardfliips which were cniuired by the 
 rtii of the fleet. They told us they had fcen fome 
 Indians, and, once took one of tlicir canoes, with a 
 man, a woman, (bmc children, a dog, a cat, tic. 
 but the day after this capture, all efcaped, the dog 
 excepted, in the (hip's boat, and left the canoe in her 
 itead. Thofc IiKJi-ins, they faid, underftood a few 
 Spani(h words, and probably might have fome little 
 corrcfpondencc with the Spaniards of Chili, or their 
 nearer bordering Indians, or fome of the fathers for 
 propagating the faith, might fometimes have been 
 among them. The principal refrc(hment the crew 
 met with in this port were wild nettle-tops, celery, 
 and forrel j cockles and mufclcs of .in extraordinary 
 fize J and good ftore of (hecp, gcefe, and penguins. 
 'I'hey judged the place to lie in lat. 45° 30' fouth, and 
 might be known by an ifland which faces it, which 
 the inhabitants cilllnchin, and by a river in which 
 they found fome excellent fi(h. The Anne pink was 
 the laft that joined us at Juan Fernandez. The re- 
 maining (hips o( the fquadron were (he Severn, the 
 Pearl, and the Wager ftore-(hip. The Severn and 
 Pearl, which parted company at Cape Noir, (as has 
 been already obferved) put back to the Brafils, fo that 
 of all the (nips that came into the South Seas, the 
 Wager alone was mifling. [Of the fate of this fliip 
 a relation will be given Ixiforr the conchifion of tliis 
 voyage, as alfo of the expedition of the Spanifli ad- 
 miral Pifarro, who by this time was fct out to inter- 
 cept the Engli(h fqu.idron.j 
 
 On the 22d the Trial returned from fearching the 
 ifland of Little Fernandez, and reported it to be about 
 20 leagues diftant from the place where we lay, being 
 about three leagues in compafs, very mountainous, 
 and having fome woods, and good runs of water ; 
 with multitudes of goats, fi(h, fea-lions, feals, as 
 with us i but no (hips were to be feen, nor the marks 
 of any having been there. While we were at Juan 
 Fernandez, we began, and pretty far advanced a 
 wharf for the better landing anci embarking fuch 
 neceliaries as we had occafion for. Wc kept two 
 ovens employed in baking bread for the (hip's com- 
 panies, two Smith's forges for repairing old, and Rt 
 ting new iron work, and continued miking charcoal 
 
 for future ufe. The commodore liken ife ordered thn 
 carpenters to take a careful furvey of thi. Anne pink, 
 the mafter of which kt forth that (he was in fo rotten 
 a condition, as not to be able to proceed or return, 
 without very confiderablc repairs ; which reprcfenfa- 
 tion, upon a furvey, being fuuiid to be true, the 
 coMimotlore purchaled her m.iterials at a fair '-..lua- 
 tion, and ordered her to be broken up, and her crew 
 to be put on lioard the Ciloucelier, that (hip 
 not having hands enough left to navigate her, 
 much lefs to light her, in cafe of an attack from the 
 enemy. 
 
 We reckoned this ifland (Juan Fernandez) to be in 
 3j"40'(outhlat. and in 87° 37' weft Ion. from London. 
 The diftance from the main continent is 150 league!, 
 and the compafs, by the beft accounts of thofe who 
 have been round it, is about 12 or 13 leagues. There 
 arc two fmall and very commodious hays within the 
 points, which form a large one where wc lay ; one to 
 the eaftward, the other to the we(Vward of us, and 
 no doubt fevcral others in other parts of the ifland. 
 The variation, bv an obferv.ition taken on the morn- 
 ing of the 2d of July, was 8" 4' half-eaft. It was re- 
 fiortcd that the toulh-wcftcnd of the ifland was more 
 evel than that where wc refided, and the goats more 
 numerous, but wood fcarcer. 
 
 On Tuefday, September the 8th, at noon, we faw 
 a fail, bearing N. E. by E. and perceiving by our 
 glafles, that (he could be none of our fquadron, nor was 
 an Engli(h built (hip, wc fired a gun, as a fignal for 
 getting all our people on board ; and having taken fe- 
 vcral men out of the Trial, bent our fails, fet up 
 our ringing, and flipped our fmall bower cable ; and 
 at fix in the evening we weighed, in purfuit of her. 
 In the morning of the next day we got down our 
 ftumps, which are generally fet up in bad weather 
 inftead of top-gallant marts and yards, rigged them 
 and bent their fails. At eleven the fame morning, 
 we muftered and quartered the (hip's company. At 
 noon the ifland of Juan Fernandez bore half (outh at 
 diftance eight leagues. The two next d.iys wc faw 
 nothing of the chacc, nor any thing rcmark.ible. 
 
 On Saturday, September the 12th, at five in the 
 morning, we faw a fail to the windward, which 
 bore down to us; and about two leagues diftance, 
 (he hauled up the Ice clue-garnet of her main-fail, and 
 fired a gun, which we fuppofed to be a fii|nal con- 
 certed between her and others that came out in her 
 company ; but we not anfwering nor regarding it, (he 
 hauled clofe on a wind, and ftood from us, cniu-avour- 
 ing to efcape; upon which we gave chace; but 
 the weather fometimes proving hazy and foggy, we 
 were in danger o" lofing fight of her. About nine 
 in the morning we tacked, and at noon coming with- 
 in gun (hot, we fired five (hot at her rigging, to 
 bring her to ; but (he keeping on her courfe, we fired 
 four more, on which (he ftruck her colours, and fur- 
 rendered without making any oppufition. This (hip, 
 however, happened not to be the fame that we went 
 out after. She proved to be a rich merchant (hip, 
 having on board i8,oool. in dollars and plate, with 
 fome jewels and abundance of gold and (ilver twift; 
 but the bulk of her cargo confined of fugars and bale 
 goods, moftof the latter European, but from the pro- 
 duce of the country. Shft was called the Nueftra 
 Senora del Monte Carmelo, was of about 500 tons 
 burthen, and was commanded by Don Manuel Za- 
 mora, and had on board thirteen padengers, moft of 
 them perfons of fortune, amongft whom was the go- 
 vernor of the city of S. Jago, the capital of Chili. 
 She came from Callao in Peru, and was bound for 
 Valparaifo in Chili, where thofe (hips .-innually 
 trade, exchanging filver in return for gold and corn, 
 the latter being very fcarce in Peru. Some of the 
 prifoners informed us, that if we had taken this vef- 
 fel on her return from Chili to Peru, we (hould hav^ 
 met with as much gold in her as we had now found 
 filver. She had on board her, in the whole, fifty- 
 feven perfons, many of them Indians and black 
 (laves, who were aRerwardt very ufeful to us in af- 
 I fifting 
 
 1740 
 
lao 
 
 THE VOYAGE OF 
 
 1740 (ifting towarJi the fltip'i duty. She had been a7 day* 
 ■ from Callau, and wanted not ubove twodayi to com- 
 
 plete her voyage when we took her. 
 
 [In this ftiip the commodore found an account of 
 the mifadvcnturei of the Spanilh admiral Pifarro's 
 fquadron, who in hi> courfr, had met with two (hip* 
 which they fuppofcd to be Eiiglifh, but the fca ran fo 
 high, that they could not pretend tu purfuc them. 
 Thtfefliipt were fuppofcd to be the Pearl and Severn. 
 As to the reft they found that the Spaniard had been 
 forced to put back, but hcird alio that he had fcnt ad- 
 vice to the viceroy of Peru concerning them, inti- 
 mating. That thougli he had been forced back, yet 
 poOibly the Englifli, who were obftinate enough to per- 
 iift in dcfperatc undertaking*, might come into thefe 
 fcas ) but knowing experimentally what they muft have 
 furtcred in that dreadful paflage, he doubted not but 
 that they muft be in a very weak and dcfencelefi con- 
 dition i he therefore advifed the viceroy to fit out all 
 the ftrength of (hipping that he could, and to fend 
 them tocruife at Ju.tn I'Vrnandez, where it was likely 
 th.-vt they might meet their enemy i in which cafe he 
 farther advifed that the Spaniards (hould not waftethe 
 time in a diftant cannonading, but board the Englilh 
 fword in hand, which, in their weak condition was 
 likely to prove an infallible method of taking 
 them.] 
 
 This, (fays our author) was a well laid fcheme, andj 
 in puifuaiicc of it, the viceroy cquipt three (hips at 
 Callao, one of 54, one of 30, and one of 20 {;uns, 
 all double manned with tiie chuiccft men tliey coulti 
 poflibly procure, and fmt them to wait for us accord- 
 ingly. Thofe (hips arrived at Juan Fernandez fome 
 time in May, and continued till about June the 6tl>, 
 when, imagining that we mull be cither put back or 
 loft, they quitted their llatinn, and failed for the port 
 of Conception inChili, and, by thefe means, wc luck- 
 ily milTed them : had it ha))pened otiierwile, as wc 
 arrived there with only our lingle (hip, in fuch ade- 
 fencelefs condition, and liad thiy put ihcir orders in 
 execution with any toleriiblc degree of refolution, we 
 mull, in all human probability, have fallen into their 
 hands. Our pril'oners iiifoimol us further, that thofe 
 (hips, during their cruilV, had met with a ftorm, in 
 which thev had received fomuch damage, that it muft 
 be at leaft two months before they could again be lit 
 to go to fea, ; the whole of this intelligence war as 
 favourable as wc could have wiflied ; and now we were 
 at no lofs to account for the frcfti marks that wc found 
 at Juan Fernandez, of that illand's having been 
 lately vifited by fome white people. 
 
 On Sunday tlie 13th, having got on board moft of 
 the prifoners of note, and all tnc filver, we made tail 
 for Juan Fernandez j and the weather proving very 
 moderate, at fix in the evening that iHand bore N. w. 
 by N. at the dillance of five leagues. At fix the 
 next morning we (ired three guns, as a fignal to the 
 fliips in the bay. At four we anchored, got in our 
 fmall bower cable, which we had flipped at leaving 
 the place, and moored our (hip. The 15th we em- 
 ployed in watering, and fctting up our rigging, in or- 
 der to purfue our voyage. And this day, the commo- 
 dore being informed that fevcral merchant-(hips were 
 now purTuing their trade without fear of any fur- 
 prize, the trial was ordered out on a cruife, and pro- 
 ceeded immediately. On the i6th we got up a new 
 top-pnllint maft, and wanting fome cordage we were 
 fupplicd with it from the Gloucefter. This and the 
 following days until the 19th, we Ipcnt in getting 
 every thing ready for fea with the utmoft expedition 
 The 19th wcfent28 of our orifoners on board the 
 Gloucefter, (he being weakly manned, and thefe 
 prifoners being good (ailors. Wc likewife fupplicd 
 the prize with two months proviflons of all forts, at 
 full .lUowance, for 20 men ; put all the guns be- 
 longing to the Anne pink on board of her ; and, hav- 
 jnc left orders with Captain Mitchell, of the Glou- 
 cefter, to burn the |)ink, together with her ufclefs 
 ftores, and appointed him his ftation off the town of 
 Payta, (where the (hips between Lima and Panama 
 
 generally touch to deliver part of their caigoct to b« 
 (iif|Krled through the inland parts of Peru) with or- 
 ders to fail to that ftation as foon as poflibic ; w« 
 weighed, and took leave of our winter refidence, in 
 company with the prixe, which the commodore bad 
 litted up to cruife againit the enemy. The aift at 
 four in the evening, we had the laft fight of thii 
 ifland, it then bearing from us VV. by N. at the dif- 
 tance of 17 Ic-igues. 'I'hc remaining days, until 
 the 24th, we h.id v.iriable and uncertain weather, in 
 which we fplit our main-top-fail and fore-fail, and K' 
 ceived fome other flight damage. 
 
 I'he 24th, at five in the evening, being fomcwhat 
 hazy, we faw two fail to windward, on which wc 
 cleared (hip, in order to be rc^dy to cng:)gc i the 
 largeft of the two (hips bearing down u|>on uf. 
 At feven (he came lo near, that wc hailed her in 
 Spani(h, and (he anfwcrcd in Enelifti, and told ut, 
 that (he wa* a prize taken by the 'l rial, and that her 
 confort was the Trial itfelf, which was vcrv much 
 difabled. At eleven the next <iorning, there being a 
 hard gale, and high fea, the i . A tind two guns ai 
 a fignal of diftrefs, and bore a»ay before the wind, 
 and we after her. The fame day at half an hour paft 
 noon, we fpokc with her, and tuuiid (he had I'prung 
 her main-iiiaft, and that her main top-nuft had gone 
 by the board j and us we were all of us ftanding to 
 the caftv/ard next .norning, vith a frdh gale at fouth, 
 (he had the additional misfurtunc to fpring her fore- 
 maft, fo that now flic had not a maft left. This was 
 a great obftruiflion ; for now we had intelligence bjr 
 the Trial's prize, that there were many (hips at fea 
 richly laden, and that they had no apprehenfions of 
 br-ing attacked by us, havine received int'dlinnce that 
 ourlquadron waseitherputback,ordeftroyed. I'hetc- 
 fore in the courfe of 28 hours, which we were detainnl 
 in waiting upon the Tri.1l, I am perfuaded we milM 
 the taking many valuable prizes. I'he rcfult was, 
 that a council being called, and all the officers con- 
 vened together on board our (hip, it was there con- 
 cluded that, in her prefent condition, the Trial could 
 beof no farther fei vice i and the commodore, being 
 refolved to feparate the (hips in order tu cruife upon 
 the coaft ts the greateft advantage, gave orders to 
 Captain Charles Saunders, the commander, to burn 
 the Trial, and in her room comminioned the Trial's 
 prize for his majefty's fervice, m ith the fame com- 
 mander, ofGccrs, and people. This (hip was called 
 by the Spaniards the Nueftra Seiiura de Arinzazie j 
 but, being now commi/Iioncd for his mnicfty's ler- 
 vice, (he was henceforth called the I'rial's prize. 
 She was the largeft (hip we took in thofe feas, being 
 between five aiid fix hundred tons, and laden with 
 bale goods, fugar, and other commodities to a con- 
 fideranle value, and about 5000I. in (pecie and 
 wrought filver. 
 
 On the 28th, at nine in the morninp, wc parted 
 with the Trial and both the prizes. And on the 30th 
 we faw the main land of Chili. This day we began 
 to exercife our people with fmall arms, which W3S 
 the firft time we had done it fince we came into tho(e 
 fras, and which we continued at all proper opportu- 
 nities during the voyage. 
 
 On the (irft of OiTobcr we ;anie in fight of the 
 hiKh land of Valparaifo, bearinc N. E. half E. at the 
 diftance of about 14 leagues. This city lies in tlie 
 latitude of 32' 58' fouth, its longitude from London 
 is by my account 80' 37 weft. On tlie 5th, the 
 commodore, being infomicd that there were mur- 
 murings amongft the people, becaufe the prize-monejr 
 was not immediately divided, ordered the articles of 
 war to be read j and, after that, remonftrated to them 
 on the danger of mutiny, and faid he had heard the 
 reafon of their difcontcnt, but alTurcd them their pro- 
 perties were fecured by ȣt of parliament as firmly 
 as any one's own inheritance, and that the money, 
 plate, &c. were weighed, and marked in public ; fo 
 that any capable pcrfon, if he pleafed, might take an 
 inventory of the whole. He then read an account of 
 the particulars, and told thcni they might (if thev 
 7 pleafca) 
 
COMMODORE A N S O N. 
 
 tzi 
 
 plcirrtl) make clioirc of any pt'rfim to take an invcn- 
 tiiry I'M tli.'in, or liuy llna |v'.iisi wliich IpicuJ « 
 villlil'' j'>y anil ;;.ivi; content to lury oik'. 
 
 Wr continued criiil'int; oft' the cdad of Vaiparaifo, 
 till the Kill, will n, .It twilvo at nipht we limkr the 
 tnain-t<i|i-l.iil y.inl in iIil- fling'^, on which we unlitnt 
 the t^p-^Jll, and pit dnwn the broken yard. At ten 
 in the iTi'irniiV!, w: f.vx the hijjh-Iand of Chfi.\ii;i, 
 und over it thi- Cor>lilk'ra niount.iins, heing part of 
 that Ion,; lu'.^v of niount.iiiu called the Andes, which 
 run fioiii one i:ni\ of .South America to the other, ap- 
 peal iir; excefliwly hi^h, with their tops covered with 
 Cni'W. We crollul the fmith tropic to the northward 
 on the 14th, and from this tinv, till «c were fomc 
 degrees to the northward of the equator, met with 
 nothinu; hut fair weather and a finooth fca. 
 
 'I'he'jiid, at no.ui, the high land of Morro Qiic- 
 m.i'h boie K, by N. at the didance of four leagues ; 
 and hero wc continued crulfing off and on till the id 
 of November, when, about fix in the iiiorninj;, we 
 fuv two fail oilhips ftaiulinj; towards us ; upon which 
 we made a clear (hip, and immediately gave them 
 cliace, when we fooii perceived that they were the 
 Trial and Ceniiirioii prizes. As wc h.ld the wind of 
 them, we broiij;ht to, and hailed their comiiif; up, 
 when Captain Saunders camcoii board, nndacquainttd 
 the cominodoic that he had cleared the Trial, purfuant 
 to his orders, andhavins.^ feuttlcd her, he remained by 
 iur till Ihe funk ; but t1iat it was not till the 4th of 
 Oeb'ber, that this was cfteiScd, by rcafon of the great 
 (well and hollow fea ; that, during his attendance on 
 the Hoop, th 'y were all driven fo far to leeward, that 
 •hey were afterwards obliged to ffrctch a lone way to 
 the weltward, to regain the ground, they had lolK 
 He added that ir their cruife they had met no prize, 
 nor h.ld feen any vcfl'el on all the coaft. At four in 
 the afternoon, on the 5tli inltant, we difcovcred the 
 high land of Baranca, and half .in hour after, we faw 
 a fail to t'le northward, to which wc gave chace, and 
 cleared cur fliip for engaging; and at ten in the 
 cvenini;, coniinj up with her, we fired eight puns, 
 and took her. She came from Ciuiaquil, and was 
 bound for CalLao, with timber, cacao, cordage, to- 
 bacco, and a fmall trunk of bate raods, all of little 
 \.\\u': to lis, but a confiderable lols to the Spaniards. 
 SIk- was called the Santa Teiefa, and was commanded 
 by Don Bartolo Urunaga, having between 30 and 40 
 people on boar<l, paflcngers included, and five or fix 
 women befides children. Our third lieutenant, two 
 other officers, and a party of failors were lent on 
 board to tak-; care of her j and our other prizes being 
 far a-ftern, occafioned by our chacing this fliip, wc 
 lay by till four the next morning, and fired a gun 
 every hour, as a fignal for their joining us. 
 
 On the 1 2th of this month, at five in the morning, 
 wc faw 3 fail, to which we gave chace ; but there 
 being very little wind, wc manned and armed our 
 barge, pinnace, and the Trial's pinnace, and Cent them 
 to take her, and at eight thev boarded and took her, 
 and brought her to us at half an hour paft ten. She 
 was called the Carmen, commanded by Signor Mar- 
 cus Marina, and came out of I'ayta the day before. 
 She was bound toCall.ao,and laden with iron and cloth. 
 Wc found an Iri(hman on board named John Wil- 
 liams, who pretended to be a prifoncr amongft them, 
 and with much fecming Joy entered with us. He 
 informed u?, that amongft other fliips in the port of 
 Payta, they left in the road a bark which was taking 
 in 400,000 dollars, with which (he would fail for 
 Panama, in a day or two at farthcft ; and the Spanifli 
 prifoncrs on being examined, confirming the intel- 
 ligence, and farther giving fome account of the 
 , flrcngth of the place, the commotlore refolved to at- 
 tack it that very night, and made preparations ac- 
 cordingly. Mr. Tiiomas Simmers, mate of ourfliip, 
 with one midlhipman, and .about ten or twelve men, 
 were fcnt to command and take care of this laft prize. 
 At ten at night we fcnt our barge, and the 
 Trial's pinnace to attack the town of Payta, and to 
 take it by furprize. They had 49 men well armed, 
 
 Vut. I. N-' 11. 
 
 and were commanded by the Lieutenant* llrcft, Den- 
 nis, and Hughes, who h.ul order', if polfilile, to fc- 
 cure till' governor of Piyta, and iln.l hiin prifoneroii 
 board, in order to procure a fup]>ly of privilions, and 
 a raiifom tor the to.vn. At hilf an hour p.ill eleven 
 we founded, and foiin I 4 5 fathom watir, the ground 
 mud 1 the ifland of I, olios bearing N. N. K. at the 
 diftance of three or four miles. At fevrii in the 
 morning, Point Otiado, beiii^ the point that forms 
 the B,iy of Payta, bore S. S. L. two miles dillant, and 
 the town of Payta, at the fame time, began to opvn in 
 a diret'l line with it, dillant about four miles j fooii 
 after which wc f.iw i>iir Britifli colours flying on the 
 caftle. At ten, the Trial's boat came on board, Jaden 
 with gold and filver,corn, Wrought plate, jewels, and 
 rich moveables. The crew informed u«, that they 
 took the town about two in the iiiorning ; and fhit 
 though the Spaniards had fomc time bef Me been an- 
 prifed of our intent, yet they made a very faint refift- 
 ancc, having fired but two guns t'rom their caftle he- 
 fore our men landed, and ,1 few fmall arms afterwards j 
 and then they all quitted the town with th.- grcat.lt 
 precipitation. The governor and his family m.ade 
 their efcape in fo much hafte, that his lady was handed 
 out of a window with no other clothes to cover her 
 but her (hift. All the inhabitants lied in the like 
 confufion ; except fome women and children. In 
 this atlion wc loft one man, Peter Obrian, the com- 
 modore's fteward, who was ftiot through the brraft 
 by a mufquet ball ; and had two wounded, namely, 
 Arthur Lulk, a quarter-mafter, and the Spanilh pilot 
 of the Tcrefa, wliom we had made u!'c of as a guide, 
 the firft through the flelhy part of the arm, near the 
 flioulder, the fecond through the wrlft, but neither 
 dangeroufly : and I have had it reported from fevcral 
 officers then on fliore, that our men ran to the attack, 
 and fired in fo irregular a manner, that it was, and 
 ftill remains a doubt whether thofc were not fliot by 
 our people rather than by the enemy. Payta, at the 
 time of the attack, had a fort with eight guns mounted, 
 which commanded the town and harbour ; and the 
 balcony of the governor's houfe, which again com- 
 manded that fort, and fevcral other houfes were lined 
 with armed men, of which there might be about 400 
 in the town j but thefe people having enjoyed a long 
 |>eace, and being enervated by luxury fo cuftomary in 
 thofe parts, their arms in a bad condition, and noper- 
 fon of experience or courage to head them, it is no won- 
 der that they made fo fmall a refiftance, and were all 
 driven out of the town in lefs than half an hour, by 
 only 49 men, but I believe the noife of two drums 
 which we made ufe of, together with thefuddenefs 
 of the furprifc, contributed to intimidate them, and 
 facilitated our fuccefs. 
 
 On our getting pofleflion of the caftle, our com* 
 manding officer very inconfiderately ordered the guns 
 to be thrown over the walls, w hich accordingly was 
 executed ; but fome time after, reflecling on the ill 
 confequencc which might attend that proceeding, he 
 ordered two of them to begot up and remounted. 
 
 This town contained 140 or 150 houfes; We 
 found in it two churches, which, together with the 
 governor's houfe and caftle, were the only remarkable 
 buildings. There were fcveral large ftore-houfes full 
 of rich European goods, all which were deftroyed 
 when we fct the town on fire. This afternoon wc 
 employed in getting ofF the plunder, and provifions 
 of hogs and fowls, which were here in great plenty. 
 On tne evening we anchored in ten fathom water, 
 the town bearing fronvus S. byE. half E. at about 
 three miles diftance, not being able to get farther in, 
 by reafon of the flaws of wind from oft the land. 
 
 From this time to the 15th we were employed 
 in getting on board the plunder, which chiefly 
 conlifted of rich brocades, laced clothes, bales of 
 fine linens and woolens, and the like ; together 
 with a great number of hogs, as alfo fome fheep 
 and fowls, cafes of Spanilh brandies and wines, 
 a quantity of onions, olives, fweet-meats, &c. all 
 which the failors hoped would have been equally di- 
 K k Cided 
 
 i7-f 
 
123 
 
 THE VOYAGE OF 
 
 •74« 
 
 I 
 
 vitldl amonf; the fhipt companici, but tlicy fuuiitl 
 tlictnl't'lvi> dirjppniiitcij. 
 
 Wc luuiid in the road one (hip, two fnown, one 
 fchouiirr, and two quarter g.ilK'ys, all which \vc tuuk 
 pulFcnion of. The 14th in tlic morning, we faiv u 
 burk-log, as thry call it, bcin); a fort ol raft, made ol 
 tlic llumpt of trcci, falicnni together, overlaid with 
 poU.s, ami covered with fnull tw ig< twilled mat-wile, 
 with fcveral people in her cuniiiig along Ihore, from 
 the fouthwaid, Ihe had a fort of mall and fail in her, 
 and at firlk (i;;ht we knew not what to make of her 1 
 anil none of our bcati being on board, we lent the 
 C.iniKii'sbd.il with Mr. i^anj^don, amidlhipman, who 
 conmiaiuled in the fecoiul plate on board that lliip, 
 mid li>ine armed peo)<lu to purfue them, wlioperceiv- 
 im; ii I'lit on llinre, and made their efcapc over the 
 rucks, Mr. {..ingdoii took their bark-log, whieh he 
 found to be laden with dried tilli, whiefi we fuppolu 
 they «trc carrying; lo I'ayta for a market. 'I'liis even- 
 ing the Spaniard", whn had .ill along api'iared in j;reat 
 nuii.ber)! from the hills, and were now confideiably 
 increafed, making a Ihow of vvarlike priparalions ai 
 if they defigned in the night to attack our people in 
 the town, they thereu)ion barricaded the (trLef., and 
 kept very llrict w.itehes, to prevent v fuipiik. Several 
 iKCios ilelivered tluinfelves up, ilefiring to lie m.ide 
 pnfoners, that they mi;;ht have foiiie food, and moie 
 tfpecially water, to keep them from pei ilhiiig ; for the 
 country thereabouts being for many miles round quite 
 barren and faiuly, w ithoiit either water or any other 
 thinj; neeeflary for life, aiwl the nearell tiAvii to them, 
 nam.il, .IS I tliiiik, Santa Cru/,, whence ii-litf nii.'ht 
 be got, being a day ami a half or two days journey I'rt', 
 the people who had left the tnvn were ilia lt.ir\in!. 
 condition, and we h.id nul.iiuholy accounts of livera 
 dying among thim chiefly for want of water during 
 our fniall Hay i anl yet I" gieatly were they inlatu' 
 ated or frightened, that they n^wrotfered to treat for 
 the ranfom of thi place, which if they had done, I 
 belie\c it would iMt have been dillroyedj in which 
 cafe ihey miirht have feCureJ to themlelves not only 
 tlnir habitations, but inovifinn and w.iter enough 
 (till ihey could liiive got a fiefli recruit) which wc 
 fli'iuKl, on that cuiiditioii, have readily left tlum. 
 
 'I'he town terns to be \ery uiilia;ipily fituated on 
 that and fome other accounts. They having no water 
 but what is hroueht them by laiul cirri.ige fium fcve- 
 ral leagues otf'j fo that they are obliged to keep very 
 confiderable quantities by them in earthen jars, not 
 only for th^ir own uT.', but for the ihips which 
 frequently touch here, where they likewife often un- 
 load, ami take in frelh cargoes. They are in the 
 fame cafe as 10 plain, bread, anil almoll all other ne- 
 tedarics of lite i and lie fo open to an enemy, that 
 the town has been often taken and ruined by the Eng- 
 lilh, Dutch, iiiid French ; all which inconvcnicncies, 
 one would imaL'inc, fliould tempt tlum to chan;^e 
 their fituation : but then the convenience of their trade 
 is fo ^reat, being the only proper place they can pitch 
 on for a marl bv-'tween Panama and i'eru, that they 
 prefer this lucrative convenience to all other con- 
 fiderations. 
 
 Anion" the (laves who had defircd to be entertained 
 incur ftrviee, was one, who, having been a flave in 
 
 Jamaica, had, on the death of his mailer, nbtaiiied his 
 ilicrtv, and thncujion entered himfelf a fervant to 
 one of the South-Sea Company's labors, whom he 
 accompanied to Porto Bello and Panama, and there 
 got into the fervicc of a Spanilh gentleman, who took 
 a ureat fancy to him, and with whom he went to Lima 
 iiil'eru, V. here his mailer likewife dyinir, left him a 
 very c i.Tulcrablc legacy ; but the power Tjeing now in 
 tlie'huiids of his executors they not only defrauded 
 him of his legac\', but made him a flavc a fccond time. 
 He was ii'Av at Payta with one of his mailers, on his 
 pafiiigc frmn Lima to Panama, when he took this op- 
 portunity to come over to us j and being :i handy fel- 
 low, and .leeurtonicil to w.nit upon gentlemen, he was 
 inimcdiatdy taken into the commodore's fcrvice, came 
 with us into Cnjland j anJ, I believe, continued 
 
 w ilh him to hi* death. Thii pcrfon p;avf u« fome in- 
 formation of the defi^ns of the Spaniard, on (liore, 
 and told uh that wc had killed one or two of them, 
 and wounded fcveral otheriii but thii account wa< 
 never, that I know of, f.irther confirmed. 
 
 The 15th in the morning, wc lent on Ihore all our 
 Spanifli, and leveial Indian piilonri!., keepiii)/, all tlu- 
 blacks, and Inmeoftlie liidi.ins, in .uhll in vvnikiii;' 
 thefliips, &:c. lo the bl.ick ., who weie .ill or the molt 
 of them flaves, was uromili.'d tliiir liberty in Liii'.lamI, 
 in cafe they would Aand by and alhlt u% againll our 
 enemies the Spaniards j which they all promifed \eiy 
 cordially ; but ■.'/e cmild foon dilcmer, tliat, notwith- 
 Handing their li<ining condclcinlinii, molt of theiit 
 would much rather have continued in their old maf- 
 ter'j lerviee, ih.in to lail to accept of liberty with 
 US) not that I believe tliofe people were in love with 
 llavery, but then it mull be on their own terms, the 
 Spaitiarils in thole parts being in gieat fe.ir of the In- 
 dians, whom, thouuh thiy nave fubdiied, ami linn 
 to have incorporated amoni, ihem, iliev dire not tiull, 
 but keep tlufe blacks as uuaids, ami iile them well. 
 The tiuth is, thole Indi.ins h.ive llill piefuvid, by 
 tradition, from father to ("ii, the memory ot the 
 great cruelties which the firll Spaniards exercilid in 
 thofe parts, and are angry enough at their prelVnt 
 hard uf.ige. They look on theiiililves as the natural 
 lords of the country, and the Spaniards as covetoui 
 intruders, ami eruel and inhuman tyrants ; and want 
 only opportunity to make them fenfible of their re- 
 feiitment, and to recover their loll country and liber- 
 ty. It is on this account that the Spaniard, are very 
 kind to their bl.iek (laves, whom they clitrilh and 
 encourage highly, and look on them in the fame Ii, lit 
 as a ftaiiding militia, always ready to arm againll tin IB 
 Indians ; fothat, th mgh the negros in .ill othei plan- 
 tations in the Well-Indies are ever ready for re- 
 volts and tebelliiiiis, iliele, on the contrary, are always 
 re.idy to defend their kind maflers with their li\es. 
 In eft'e(5l, they li\e very eafy, are favoured by the 
 Spaniards, and fcorn and infult the poor Indians, 
 who in return hate and dctefl both them and their 
 mailers ; that being all that is left in their power. 
 
 This day an order was given to Mr. Brett, the then 
 commanding officer on fliorc, to burn and deflroy the 
 town entirely, the two churches, which Hood a little 
 way from the rell, only excepted, the Spaniards, as hat 
 been already faid, never having made any advance 
 towards treatiiii; for its ranfoin. 
 
 But now, before I entirely quit the relation of our 
 tranlaiftion, at this place, it may, perhaps, be ex- 
 pci'lcd, that I fliould give a more particular account 
 of the booty we made, and of the lofs the Spaniards 
 fullained, I have already obfcrved, that there were 
 great quantities of valuable clleifls in the town, but 
 as nioii of them were, what wo could neither difpoli; 
 of, nor carry away, the total of this nitrchandife can 
 only be gucfTed at. The Spaniards, in their repie- 
 fentations fent to the court of Madrid fas we weie 
 afterwards afl'urcd) edimated thkiir whole lofs at a 
 million and a half of dollars j and when it is con- 
 fidered, that no fmall part of the goods wc kit be- 
 hind us, Wire of the richell rnd mod exiicnlive ijiecies, 
 as broadcloths, filks, cambrics, iclvets, Sic. I c.in- 
 iiot but think their valuation fuflleicntly iiioderati. 
 
 As to ourfclves, the acqiiifition we made, thou; It 
 inconfidcrablc in comparifon of what wcdellrove.l, 
 was yet far from defpicable ; for the wrought plate, 
 dollars, and other coin, which fell into our hands, 
 amounted to upwards of 30,o?ol. bclides llveral rings, 
 bracelets, jewels, whofc intiinfic value wc could not 
 then crtimate : and over and above all this, the ]ilun- 
 der, which became the property of the immediate 
 captors, was very great ; fo that, upon the whole, it 
 was by much the moll imj>ortant booty we met with 
 upon that coall. 
 
 There remains dill another matter to be related, 
 which on accoutit of the fignal honour, that our na- 
 tional ch,.ra6lcr in thofe parts has thence received, 
 and the reputation which our commodore in particular, 
 
 has 
 
COMMODORE ANSON. 
 
 nj 
 
 ha« thereby nrquirnl, merit* a tlifliiiifl anJ circuni- 
 (liintinl Jilciifli'in, I h.ivc ulriRdy oblcrvol, ih.ii ;itl 
 thcprilimiis l.ikui by us, wirr iKlbrc iiiir ilc|i.imHi , 
 |)ut oil (hiiir .ii<<l ililVli.irj'/il, aiiiciigd whom ilnrt. »Tit 
 Ibinu iK'iroii* (it I'onlulc i'.ihlu diltiiiiiliuii, c(|,>r( i.iUy a 
 yuulh about 17 years (it agi', Ion of the viii' |iii.lulciit 
 of thorouiiiil oi Chili. A'i the baih.irity of the bucia- 
 nccis, ami thcailliil iilis the ccildi.iltics had mailc 
 of the aicduiit, h^il lilUil ihc native* of th<ili naintucs 
 with the mull till iblc iilta* of Kunlilh crv/i|t\, wi 
 always roiiiiil our iirilbiiris, at their fiilt comi: on 
 bojid u^, to be ixtriinely ilijicltil, anil uiili ^real 
 honor anil aiiMity ; |iarticularly this youth, *hii, 
 having never having been lioin home belure, l.iiiienteil 
 hi« captivity in the moll niovniL; inaniKi, regretting, 
 in very |ilaintivc tcrm^ his parents, his brothers, his 
 fiftcrs, anj liis native country, of all whieh.liewas 
 fully perfuaJeil, lie bail taken his lall farewel, be- 
 lieving that he was now devoted lor the remaining part 
 of his life to an abjedt and cruel lervitudc. Iiuleed, 
 hi* companions on board, and all the Spaniards thai 
 came into our power, h.id the lame ilclpoiiding opi- 
 nion of their fituation. Mr. Anfon conltantly exerted 
 his utmoll endeavours to efface tliolc tirritying im- 
 preirions they had received of ui, always taking c.ire, 
 that as many ot the principal people among them as 
 there vsas roimi Im, Ihoulil dine at his table by 
 turns, and giving tlie nmli peremptory orders that they 
 fhould bo treated with the utmoU decency and human- 
 ity ; but notwithftaniling all his precaution, it was ge- 
 nerally obli-rvcd, that (or the firll day or two they 
 did not quit their fears, fulpeiting the gentlenel's of 
 their uCagc to be only preparatory to fome unthought 
 of calamity. However, being at length convinced of 
 our linccnty, they grew perfectly ealy in their fitua- 
 tion, and leniatkably chearful ; lb thnt it was often 
 difpulable whether they confidered their being detain- 
 ed by us as .1 real misfortune j for the youth 1 have 
 incntioncil, who w.is ne.ir two months on board us, 
 had at lali conquereil his melancholy fiirmifes, and 
 had taken Uieh an aHiition to Mr. Anion, th:it it is 
 doubtful to mc, whether, if his own opinion had 
 been alked, he would not have piefericl a voyage to 
 England in the Centurion, to the being fet on more 
 :it I'ayta, where he was at libtity to return to li is 
 country and friend.. 
 
 I'liis conduct of the comniodure to bis pril'oncis, 
 which was continued without interruption or devia- 
 tion, gave tliem all the hi^helHilea of his liumanitv 
 and bi iii'Miienec, and cce.ilioned tluni likewlfo (as 
 niunlNJnd are to: id of forming general opinions) toen- 
 trrLiin very favourable tlioiiij;lirs of the whole Kti'^- 
 lifti nation ; but whatever tliey might be difpoled to 
 think of Mr. Anion, before the capture of the Terela, 
 their veneration for him was prodigioufly increali'dby 
 his condui^i towards the ladies, whom he took in that 
 vcfl'el i fo , being informed that there were amo.'-.g 
 them a niotlier and two dau<;liters of cxquifite beau- 
 ty, he not only ordered that tluy Ihoiild be left in full 
 poflHIion of their own apartments, but alio on the I'e- 
 v.red penalty lorbade any of the common people to 
 approaih them : and that they might be the more cer- 
 tain of having tlKli- ori!crs complied with, or other- 
 wife of havi;ig the means of complaining, he per- 
 mitted the pilot, who in Spanifh fliips is generally the 
 fecond perfon on board, to (lay with thcni as a guar- 
 di^in and proteitor. 'I'hefe were nieafiins that feemcd 
 fo ditti-renl from what might have been expected fiom 
 an eiiiniy and a heretic, that the Spaniards on board, 
 thoii^li thcv h id experienced his benelicence were I'lir- 
 priled at this new inllance of it ; and the more fo, as 
 all was done wiihout the folicitation or the interpofi- 
 tion of one friend in their favour. 'I"hc ladies were 
 fo fenfible of tho obligations thev owed the com- 
 mander, that they abfolutely rertitld to go on (hore at 
 Fnyta til! they had been permitted to wait on him on 
 board the Centurion, there perfonally to return thanks 
 for his civilities. Indeed all thcpriloners left us with 
 the ftrongell alliirantes of their grateful remembrance 
 gf his uncommon Irc.'.tnunt. A Jel'uit, in particu- 
 7 
 
 lar, wliom the commodore had taken, unJ wliow.uin 17.(1 
 eceUliallic of fome diftinCllon, eoull not help ex- ^— v— -^ 
 prelling hmilelf with great thanklulntl« for thetiuli- 
 lies whiih heand hiscountrymrn hail loiiiid onboard) 
 declaring, that he would conlider it .is hu duty to du 
 Ml. Anliin julhce at all times 1 a.lding, Ihit hi* 
 iilage <if the men prilimcrs was fuch as never could be 
 tiirgolteii, and I'ueh as he fliould never fill to .itknow- 
 leilge on all otc.dioiis, but that his behaviour to the 
 I idles was lo extraordinary, and fo extremely honour- 
 .iblr, that he doubted if a'l the regard due to his own 
 etelel'ialtieal character would be liifficieiit lo render it 
 ciedible. Indeed ue were afterwards informed that ho 
 and the relt of our priloners had not bun .'iUnt on this 
 head, but that at Lima, and at other places, they bad 
 given ihe greatelt encomiums to our commodore. The 
 Jefuit, in particular, as we wcic told, on this account, 
 in a lax and hypothetieal (end- inteinreted tlic article 
 of his cluirch which alVcrts the impolhbility of heretics 
 being laved. 
 
 After we had fininied oiir bufinefv, fit tlic town 
 inflames, and got the trealiire on board, Mr. Hrett, _., ., k„ „ 
 theolficir who commanded the attack, having col- p^. ,',. 
 leiiled his men together, was directing his march to- 
 wards the beach, where the boats waited to take them 
 on board, when the .Spaniards on the hill behind the 
 town, oblerving his relieat, refolved to tiy if they 
 could not precipitate his departure i and thereby lay 
 fome foundation for future bo.iftlng. To this end, a 
 party of horfe, all picked men, lingltd out for this 
 daring enterpri/,e, marched down the hill with mucli 
 feeming lel'oliition ; lo that, had we not ent' rtained 11 
 jull opinion of their piowel's, we nii^ht h:". e ima- 
 gined, that, now we were upon the op.n be.;cii, with 
 no advantages of lituatioii, they would certainly iiavc 
 charged us : but W'- prefumed, and we were not mil- 
 taken, that all this »as mere oltcntation; for, not- 
 witblfaiuling the pomp and parade they at firll came 
 on with, Mr. Urett had no fooncr ordered his men to 
 halt and face about, tli.in the enemy (topped their ca- 
 reer and never dared to advance a Hep lanher. 
 
 When our people arrived .nt their boats and were 
 ready to go on board, they were for fome time retarded 
 by mining one of their number; and biing unable, 
 on their miitii;'.! enquiries among each other, to in- 
 form themfeKes where he was left, or by what acci- 
 dent he w.is detained, after a confiderable delay, they 
 refolved to get into their boats, and to depart without 
 him : but, when the lalf man was actually embarked, 
 and the boats were jiift put off, they he.aid him call- 
 ing to them to take him in. The place was by this 
 time fo thoroughly on (ire, ami the finokc covered the 
 beach (b effectually, that they could fearccly diieern 
 him, though they heard his voice. However, llie lieu- 
 tenant inltantly ordered one of the boats to his relief 
 whofe crew found him up to his chin in water, for he 
 had wadeil as faras he durlt,l)eing extremely frightened 
 with the apprehenfions of falling into the hands of the 
 enemy, enraged, as they mull be at the pillage 
 and dellruclion of their town. On enquiry into 
 thccauleof his Aaying behind, it was found that he 
 had taken that morning too large a do;e cf brandy, 
 which had thrown him into fo found a flcep, that he 
 did not awake till the fire came near enough to I'eorch 
 him. He was flrangely amar.cd, at the lirlt opening 
 of his eyes, to fee the houfes in a blaze on one fide, and 
 feveral Sjianinrds and Indians not far from him on the 
 other, the gre.itnefs and fuddennefs of his fright, in- 
 (lai '\v reduced him into a itate of fobriety, ami gnve 
 hir 1 iflicieiit prefence of mind to piifli through the 
 thii .elt of the (iiioke, as the likclicft means to efc.-pe 
 the enemy; and making the beft of his way to the 
 beach, he ran as fir into the water as he could (for he 
 could not Iw'im,) lieforc he ventured to look back. 
 By the time our people had helped their comrade 
 out of the water, and were making the belt of their 
 way to the fquadron, the flames had taken p.)lTeflionof 
 every part of the town, and burned fo furfouflv, both 
 by means ol cumbuftibles that had been ditlributcd 
 for that purpofc, and by the flightnels of the ma- 
 terials 
 
114 
 
 THE VOYAGE OK 
 
 '741 
 
 tcriatsof which the hou(cs were compofcd, and their 
 nptitude to take fire, that it was futficiently appa- 
 rent no efforts of the enemy (tliough they flocked 
 down in great numbers) could poflibly put a ftop to 
 it, or prevent the entire dtftrui5lion of tiie place, and 
 all the merchandile contained therein. Our detach- 
 ment having now fafeiy joined thefquadron, the com- 
 modore prepared to leave the place the fame evening, 
 at feven. Cape Blanco in lat. 4deg. 28 min. S. and 
 lone. 88 deg. 16 min. W. from London, bore from us 
 S. S. E. half £. about fcven or eight miles diUant. 
 This afternoon and the next day we employed in ta- 
 king the mod ufeful and valuable things out of the 
 Santa Tcrefa and the Payta bark : we likewifc de 
 figning to take every necelFary thing which we con 
 venicntly could out of the Santa Terefa, in order to 
 dcftroy her, and bring our ftrength into a Icfscom- 
 pnfs, took her in tow, and fet the Payta bark on 
 fire, with the fame view. The next day we deftroyed 
 the Santa Terefa in the fame manner, Laving got out 
 of them both fome anchors, cables, hawfers, yards, 
 and iop-mafts, blocks, bales of goods, and Icveraj 
 other neccflaries. 
 
 On the 17th, at three in the afternoon, the Glou- 
 celler, with a prize of her's in tow, joined us. This 
 prize was called The Del Oro, and was chiefly 
 laden with wine ) however, out of her, and a fmafl 
 boat which they took going along ftiore, they got, in 
 gold, filver, and wrought plate, to about the value of 
 i7ori8,oool. Thefe two were all the prizes the 
 Gloucefter took in thofe feas. 
 
 On board this prize of the Gloucefter, ((ays our 
 author) were twohorfes, which being, I fuppolc, fat, 
 and probably better in tallc than their fait beef or pork, 
 tlicy killed for food ; and this, I imagine, gave ground 
 to that fiiSlion which one of the fpurious accounts of 
 our voyage has given, of our eagerly hunting and 
 eating wild horfes, whereas in reality we never faw 
 nor heard of a wild horfe during the voyage. 
 
 The Gloucefter had chaced two or three mips, which 
 had efcaped her, and one of thofe touched at Payta ; 
 and though they could give no certain account that 
 the fliip which had chaced them was an enemy, yet the 
 circumftances they gave were fo ftrong, that it put 
 the people of Payta, upon fecuring their treafure, 
 and the bcft of their eftlcls, not caring to be too 
 well provided for the profit of fuch unwelcome vifi- 
 tants. 
 
 The Jift, at half paft five in the morning, we faw 
 the ifland of Plata, fo called from Sir Francis Drake's 
 having, as it is faid, divided the treafure he took in 
 the South Seas, at this place. At two this afternoon, 
 the port of Manta bore S. E. by E. diftant about eight 
 or nine leagues ; we at this time fent fix months pro- 
 vifions on board the Carmen ; and all the (hips had 
 orders, in cafe of fcparation, for feveral places of ren- 
 dezvous, on the coaft of Mexico, or, in cafe of not 
 meeting there, to make the beft of their way to Ma- 
 cao in China, where they were to wait for the arrival 
 of the commodore. 
 
 Onthe22dadiviAonwasmadeof the plunderof Pay- 
 t.n, and here we cannot but nbfervc a great difference 
 between the relations given by Pafcoe Thomas, and 
 that given by Mr. Walters ; the former having af- 
 fertecT, that the commodore did not interfere in the 
 diltribution ; the latter, that it was by his prudent 
 management, th.it a jcaloufy, which had anfen be- 
 tween thofe who were the real captors, ...d thofe who 
 remained on board the fhip, was accommodated. 
 Mr. Walters's account of the matter is as follows: — 
 And now, fays he, (while the ihips lay to, in hopes 
 of joining the Gloucefter) a jeatoufy, which had 
 taken its rife at Payta, between thofe who h.id been 
 commanded on fliore for the attack, and thofe who 
 Had continued on board, grew to fuch a height, that 
 the commodore, beingmade acquainted with it thought 
 it ncceflary to interpole his au^ority to oppofe it. 
 The ground of this animofity was the plunder gotten 
 at Payta, which thofe who had afled on fhore had ap- 
 propriated to themfclvcs, confidcring it as a cewardfor 
 6 
 
 
 the rifques they had run, and the refolution they had 
 fhevvn in that fervice. But thofe who had remained 
 on board, looked on this as a very pa'rtial and uniuft 
 procedure, urging th.it, had it been left to their 
 choice, they fhouTd have i)referrcd the ading on fhorc 
 to the continuing on board j that their duty while 
 their commanders were on fhore was extremely fa- 
 tiguing : for, befides the labour of the day, they were 
 conltantly under arms all night, to fecure the pri- 
 foners, whofe numbers exceeded their own, and of 
 vthomit was then neceffary to be extremely watchful, 
 to prevent any attempts there might have been formed 
 in that critical conjun£iurc, that, upon the whole, it 
 could not be denied, but that the prcfence of a fufli- 
 cicnt force on board was as neceflary to the fuccefs of 
 the entcrprize, as the .iftion of the others on fhore ; 
 and, therefore, thofe who had continued on board, 
 maintained, that they could not be deprived of their 
 fhare of plunder without manifefl injuftice. Thefe 
 were the contefts amongft our men, which were carried 
 on with great heat on both fides ; and, though the 
 plunder in queftion was a very trifle in comparTfon of 
 the treafure taken in the place (in which there was no 
 doubt but thufe on board had an equal rit>ht) yet as 
 the obftinacy of failors is not always reguFatcd by the 
 importance of the matter in difpute, the commodore 
 thought it neceffary to put a flop to this ferment 
 betimes. Accordingly, on the morning after our 
 leaving Payta, he ordered all hands upon the quarter 
 deck, where, addreffing liimfelf to thofe who had been 
 detached on fhore, he commended their behaviour, 
 and thanked them for their fervices on that occafion ; 
 but then, reprefenting to them the reafons urged by 
 thofe who had continued on board, for an equal dif- 
 tribution of the plunder, he told them that bethought 
 thofe reafons very concluftve, and that the expei^lations 
 of their comrades were juftly founded } and therefore, 
 he infifted that not only the men, but all the officers 
 likcwife who had been employed in caking the place, 
 fhould produce the whole of their plunder immediately 
 upon the quarter-deck, and that it fhould be impar- 
 tially divided amongft the whole crew, in proportioit 
 to each man's rank and commiilion : and, to prevent 
 thofe who had been in pofleflion of the plunder from 
 murmuring at this diminution of their fhare, the 
 commodore added, that, is an encouragement tu 
 others who might be hereafter employed on like fer- 
 vices, he would give his entire fhare to be diftributed 
 amongft thofe who had been detached for the attack 
 of the place. I'hus, this troublefome aft'air, which, 
 if permitted to have gone on, might, perhaps, have 
 been attended with mifchievous conlcquences, was, 
 by the commodore's prudence, foon appcafed, to the 
 general fatisfadlion of the fhip's company; not but 
 there were fome few whofe fellifh difpofitiuns were 
 uninfluenced by the juftice of this procedure, and who 
 were incipableof dilcerning the force of equity, how- 
 ever glaring, while it tended to deprive them of any 
 part uf what they had once got into their hands. 
 
 Being now joined by the Gloucefter and her prize, 
 it was refolved that we fhould ftand to the northward 
 and make the beft of our way either to Cape St. Lu- 
 cas, in California, or to Cape Coricntes, on the 
 coafl of Mexico; indeed, the commodore, when at 
 Juan Fernandez, had determined to touch in the 
 neighbourhood of Panama, and to endeavour to get 
 fome currefpondcnce over land with the fleet under 
 the command of Admiral Vernon, for when he de- 
 parted from England, he left a large force at 'Portf- 
 mouth, which was intended to be lent to the Weft- 
 Indies, there to be employed in an expedition againft 
 fome of the Spanifh fettlements, and Mr. Anion, 
 taking it for granted that this enterprize had fuccecded, 
 and that Porto Bcllo might perhaps be then garrifoned 
 with Britifh troops, he hoped that, on his arrival at 
 the ifthmus, he fhould eafily procure an intercourle 
 with our countrymen on the other fide, either by 
 means of the Indians, who were gieatly difpofed in 
 our favour, or through the Spaniards themfelves, 
 fome of whom, for proper rewards might be induced to 
 
 fttif 
 
COMMODORE ANSON. 
 
 I2S 
 
 I 
 
 tarry on his intelligence, which, after it w:is once 
 begun might be continued viith very little difficulty, 
 lb that Mr. Anfon flattcreil him by thcle means he 
 might h.ive received a reinforcement fioni the otlier 
 fide, and by lettling a prudent planofoiierntions with 
 our commanders in the Wcit-lndies, he might even 
 have taken Panama itfelf, which would have given to 
 the Jjritilh nation, the pofleinoa of that ilthmus, 
 whereby we Ihould have been in ctt'eit, maftcrs of all 
 the treafure-i of Peru. 
 
 Such were the projcfls which the commodore rc- 
 volvLil in his thoughts, at the id.md of Juan Fernan- 
 dei, r.otwilhftmJing the feeble condition to which 
 he was then reduced; but on examining the papers 
 which *erc found on board the Carmelo, the firft prize 
 that we took, we learned that the attempt .igainft Car- 
 thagena had failed, and that there was no probability 
 tliatour fleet in that part of the world wouldengage in 
 any new cntcrprize which would at all facilitate this 
 plan. Mr. Anfon therefore gave over all hopes of be- 
 ing reinforced acrofs the ifthmus, and conl'equently 
 had no inducement at prcfent to proceed to Pan.ama, 
 as he was incapable of attacking the place, and there 
 was great rcafon to believe that, by this time, there was 
 a general embargo on all die coalt. The only feafible 
 meafure then which was left us, was to llcer a-; foon 
 as pofliblc to the fouthern parts of California, or to 
 the adjacent coaft of Mexico, there to cruife for the 
 Manilla galleon, which, we knew was now at fea, 
 bound to ihc port of Acapulco ; and we doubted not 
 but we IhoulJ get on that flation time enough to in- 
 tercept her : but there was a bufnefs which we fore- 
 faw would occafion fdme delay, and that was recruit- 
 ing our water, it being impolfible to think of ven- 
 turing upon this paflage to the coail of Mexico till 
 we had procured a frcfu fupply. It was for fome time 
 a matter of deliberation, where we (hould take in this 
 ncceflary article ; but by confulting the accounts of 
 former navigators, and, examining our prifoners, 
 wc at lall refolvcd for the illand of Quibo, fuuated at 
 the mouth of the bay of Panama ; nor was it but on 
 good grounds that the commodore conceived this to be 
 the propereft place for watering the fquadron. Indeed, 
 there was the fmall ifland called Cocoas, which was 
 Icfs out of our way than Quibo, where fome of the 
 buccaneers had pretended to find water, but none of 
 our prifoners knew any thing of it, and it was thought 
 too dangerous to rifque the fafety of the fquadron, 
 by cxponiig ourfelves to the hazard of not meeting with 
 water when we came there on the mere authority of 
 thofc legendary writers, of whofc mifrcprefentations 
 and falfitics we had almoft daily experience. Deter- 
 mined, therefore to take in water at Quibo, we di- 
 recled our courfe northward, being eight fail in com- 
 pany, and confequently having the appearance of a 
 very formidable fleet ; and on the igth, at day-break, 
 we difcovered Ca|>e Blanco, bearing S. S. K. half E. 
 fevcn miles diftant. By this time wc found that 
 our laft prize, the Solidad, was far from anfwcring 
 the charadlcr given of her as a good failor ; and ihe and 
 the Santa Terefa delaying us confiderably, the com- 
 modore commanded thcin to be cleared of every thing 
 that might prove ufeful to the reft of the (hips, and 
 then to be burnt. And having given proper inftruc- 
 tions, and appointed a rendezvous to the Gloucefter, 
 and to the prizes in cafe of feparation, we proceeded 
 in our courfe to Quibo. 
 
 On the 25th, Point Manta bore S. E. by S. at 
 fevcn miles diftance, and there being a town of the 
 fame name in the neighbourhood. Captain Mitchell, 
 in the Gloucefter, took the opportunity of fettingon 
 fliore feveral of his prifoners. The boats were now 
 daily employed in diftributing provifions on board 
 the prizes to complete their fix months flock, and that 
 the Centurion might be the better prepared to give the 
 Manilla Ihip a warm reception, if happily (he fliould 
 fall in our way, the carpenters were ordered to fix 
 eight flocks on the main and fore-tops, which were 
 properly fitted for the mounting of fwivcl guns. 
 
 r After coming in fight of the ifland of Uallo, they 
 
 Vol. I. N» la. 
 
 crofted the Bay of Panama, and in their pafTago 
 had fultry weather, frequent calms and heavy rains, 
 which attended them as far as the 7th degree of 
 north latitude. They burned Captain Mitchell's 
 largeft prize on the 27th, and on the 3d of December 
 they faw Quibo, the tall end of it bearing, W. N. W. 
 but kept oft' all night on account of the ihonls at the 
 entrance of the channel. At fix the next morning* 
 they faw Point Manta, at the dittancc of about three 
 leagues, and all the vefl'els, except the Centurion, were 
 very near point in weathering it i and the Gloucefter,- 
 being moft to the leeward, wasobliged to tack and ftand 
 to the fouthwaid. At length the reft of the vefills 
 came to an anchor at (even in the evening.] 
 
 The next morning, fays my author, an ofiiccr was 
 difpatched on ftiore to difcover the watering placey 
 who having found it, returned before noon ; and then 
 we lent our long-boat for water, and, at the lame 
 time, weighed and ftood farther in with our (hips, 
 for the convenience of being fooner fupplied ; To that 
 we were little more than two days in laying in all the 
 wood and water wc wanted. 
 
 Wiiile the fliip continued at anchor here, the com- 
 modore, attended by fome of his officers, went to ex- 
 amine a bay which lay to the northward, and they 
 afterwards ringed all along the eaftern fide of the 
 ifland. In the places where they put on (hore in the 
 courfe of this expedition, they gi-nerally found the 
 foil to be rich, and met with great plenty of excel- 
 lent water. In particular, near the north-weft part 
 of the ifland, they difcovered a natural cafcade, which 
 furpafl'ed, as they conceived every thing of this kind^ 
 which human art had ever yet produced. It was a 
 river of tranfparent water, about forty yards wide, 
 which rolled down a declivity of near a huiulieJ 
 and fifty feet in length. The channel itfelf wa? very 
 irregular, entirely compofed of rocks, both its fides 
 and bottom being made up of large detached blocks, 
 and by thcfe the courfe of the water was frequently in- 
 terrupted i for in fome parts it ran floping with a rapiJ 
 but un^orm motion, whilft in others it tumbled over 
 rocks with a perpendicular defcent. In the neighbour- 
 hood of this ftream was a fine wood, and even the 
 huge malTcs of rock which over-hung the water, and 
 which, by their various projedions, formed the in- 
 equalities of the channel, were covered with lofty 
 foreft trees. While the commodore, with thofe that 
 accompanied him, were attentively viewing this place 
 and were remarking the different blendings of the water, 
 the rocks, and the wood, there came in figlit, as it 
 were to heighten and animate the profpedt, a pro- 
 digious flight of Macaws, which hovering over this 
 fpot, .-ind often wheeling and playing on the wing 
 above it, afforded a moft brilliant appearance by the 
 glittering of their variegated plumage. 
 
 Within three days we completed our bufinefs in 
 this place, and were impatient to depart, that wc 
 might arrive time enough on the Mexican coaft to 
 intercept the galleon j but the wind being contrary, 
 detained us a night ; and when we had gained an 
 ofling, while wc were hovering about, in hopes of 
 getting fight of the Gloucefter, on the 2Cth we dif- 
 ccrned a fmall fail to the northward, to which we 
 gave chace, and took her. She proved to be a bark 
 from.Panama, called the Jefu Nazarciui, laden with 
 oakum, rock fait, and a fmall quantity of money to 
 purchafc a cargo of provifions at Cheripc, which 
 has a good market, though it is but an incon- 
 fidcrable village on the continent. On the 12th of 
 September wc joined the Gloucefter, and found that, 
 in tacking to the fouthward on her firft approach to 
 the ifland, (he had fprung her forc-top-maft w hich had 
 difabled her from working to windward, and prevented 
 her from joining us fooner. We now fcuttlcd and 
 funk the Jefu Nazareno, and on the 12th of Decem- 
 ber ftood to the wcftward, having prcvioufly delivered 
 fre(h inftruAions for the conduit of the fleet. 
 
 Wc had now little doubt of arriving foon cnouglt 
 
 upon our intended ftation, as we expedcd to fall iii 
 
 with the regular trade wind ; but, to our extreme 
 
 L 1 vexation. 
 
 1741 
 
126 
 
 THE VOYAGE OF 
 
 1742 
 
 vexation, we were baffled (or near a month, fo that it 
 was the 25th of December before we law ihc ifland of 
 Cocoas, which, according to our rcikoniiijr, was only 
 an hundred leagues from the continent ; and even then 
 we had the mortification to malce lb little way that 
 wc did not lofe fight of that idand again in five days. 
 We had flattered ourl'elves that the uncertain and 
 weftern gales we met with, were owing to the neigh- 
 bourhood of the continent, from which, as wc got 
 more diftant, we hoped to be relieved, by falling in 
 with the regular eallcrly wind; but being likcwil'c 
 diCippointcd in this, we began at length to defpair 
 of the great purpofe which wc hail in view. This 
 produced a general dejedtion amoncft us, having con- 
 iidcrcd the projeft as almoft infallible, and indulged 
 ourfelvcs in the boundlefs hopes of the advantages we 
 Ihould receive from it. However, our defpondcncy 
 was in fomc meafurc alleviated by a favour.ible change 
 of the wind ; and as wc now advanced apace to our 
 Ifation, our hopes began to revive. On the 17th of 
 January we were .advanced to the lat. of 12" 50' 
 north ; and, on the 26th of Januar)-, finding our- 
 felvcs to the northward of Acapuico, we tacked and 
 llood to the eaftward, with a view of making the 
 l.md ; and wc cxpefted by our reckonings to have 
 fallen in with it on the 28th, yet though the weather 
 was perfectly clear, wc had no fign of it at fun-fet. 
 About ten at night, we dilcoverea a light on the lar- 
 board bow bearing N. N. E. from us, and foon after 
 the Trial's prize made the fignal for feeing a fail. 
 As none of us had any doubt but that what wc faw 
 was a fliip's light, we were all extremely ani- 
 mated with a firm perfuafion that it was the Manilla 
 galleon, which had h long been the obje£V of our 
 wiflies. We immediately caft off the Carmelo, and 
 prefled forwards with all our canvas, making a fignal 
 to the Gloucefter to do the fame. 'I'hus we chaced 
 the light, keeping all our hands at their refpeftive 
 quarters, under an expectation of engaging within 
 half an hour, as at fome times we conceived the ch.ice 
 to be about a mile diftant, and at others to be within 
 the reach of our guns. In this conftant and eager 
 cxpeftation we continued all night, always prefuming 
 that another quarter of an hour would bring us up 
 to this Manilla ftiip ; but when day-li"ht came we 
 were vcxatioudy difappointed, finding that the light 
 which had occafioned all the cxpedtancy, was only 
 a fire on the fhorc. At fun-rife, after this mortifying 
 delufion, we found ourfelvcs about nine leagues off 
 land. Being now in the track of the Manilla galleon, 
 it was a doubt with us, being near the end of January, 
 whether flie was arrived or not ; but, exarhining our 
 prifoners about it, they affured us that (he was fome- 
 times known to come in after the middle of February ; 
 and they endeavoured to pcrfuade us that the fire we 
 had feen on fhoic was a proof that (he was yet at fea, 
 it being cuftom.ary, they laid, to make ulc of thcfe 
 fires as fignals for her direction when flie continued 
 cut longer than ordinary. On account of this rea- 
 foning of our prifoners, we refolvcd to cruife for her 
 fome days j and wc accordingly fpread our (hips at 
 the dift.ance of 12 leagues from the coaft, in fucli a 
 manner that it wasimpolfible (he (hould pafs us uii- 
 cbfervcd ; however, not feeing her foon, wc were fo- 
 licitous to gain fomc pofitive intelligence. With 
 this view, tiie commodore refolvcd to fend a boat, 
 under cover of the night, into the harbour of Aca- 
 puico, to fee whether the Manilla (hips were there or 
 not. To execute this enterprifc, the barge was dif- 
 patched on the 6th of February, carrying a fulficient 
 crew, and two ofHcers, alfo a Spani(h pilot and an 
 Indian. She did not return till the iith, when the 
 officers acquainted Mr. Anfon, that they had miltaken 
 the harbour, and that Acapuico lav confiderably 
 more to the eaftward ; fo that not having a fuffi- 
 cicnt quantity of provifions, they were obliged to 
 return, to make known their dilappointmcnt. On 
 this intelligence, we made f.iil to the eaftward ; and, 
 the next d;iy, we difpatched the barge with particu- 
 lar inftruftions to the crew to keep at a fufKcicnt 
 
 E 
 
 diftance not to be feen from the fliorc. We watched 
 fix days without receiving any intelligence, fo that 
 wc began to be iineal'y for hci lately ; but on the ytli 
 (he returned with advice that being at the very place 
 they fought for, though they were then ii^nurant of 
 their fituation, they lurprifed a fiihing canoe with 
 three nep, roes on board, who told them that the Ma- 
 nilla (hip had arrived at Acapuico on the 9th of Ja- 
 nuary, but tliat having delivered her cargo, (he was 
 taking in water and provifions in order to reiinn, 
 and that the Viceroy of Mexico had fixed herdipai- 
 tureforthc 14th of March. 'I'liis lalt intelligeiKc 
 was mod joyfully received by us, fince wc hail no 
 doubt but that (he mult fjll into our hands ; and it wa» 
 much more eligible to Icize her on her return than be- 
 fore her arrival, as the money for which (he had fold 
 her cargo, and which (he would have now on board 
 would be much more tlteemed by us than the cargu 
 itfelf. 'i bus were wea fccond time engaged in an eai^er 
 expcdtation of meeting with this Manilla (hip, whi'eli, 
 by the fame of its wealth, we had been taught to con- 
 fider as the moft dcfirable capture that could be made 
 on any part of the ocean. As it was the 17th of 
 February when the barge returned ;'nd brought us our 
 intelligence, the commodore rel'olved to continue the 
 greater part of the intermediate time in his ilation to 
 the weftward of Acapuico, in order to avoid a difeo- 
 vcry from the (Ijorc. During this interval we were fd 
 flrongly prcpoflclTed with tlie certainty of our intel- 
 ligence, and with an affurance of her coming out of 
 port,thatoneor other was conftantlyimagiiiinij that he 
 difcovcrcdoneofour cutlers returning with the fignal. 
 Thus difappointed, however, we did not defpair, nor 
 did wc abate of our vigilance ; but after remaining till 
 the 25th of March, wc at length concluded (and we 
 afterwards found it true) that we h.-ul beei. difcovcred, 
 and that, in confequrnce, an embargo had been laid 
 upon the galleon, and her departure poltponcd till the 
 next year. The cutters having finiihed their cruife 
 before the harbour, returned to the fquadron, and the 
 (ignal being given for the fleet to join, it was deter- 
 mined to retire to Chcquctan, in order to take in a 
 frefh fupply of water, our (lock being then nearly cx- 
 haufted. In the mean time, a cutler commanded by 
 Mr. Hughes, lieutenant of the Trial's prize, wasor- 
 dered to continue off the harbour of Acapuico for 24 
 days, that if the galleon (hould fet fait in that time 
 wc might be fpcedily informed of it. 
 
 Wc entered the harbour of Chequetan on the 
 5th of April. It lies in i7'"36'of north latitude, 
 and is about 30 leiigucs to the weflward of Acapuico. 
 The watering place iias the appeariince of a large 
 (tanding lake, without any vifible outlet to the t'vj, 
 from which it is fcpnrated by a partof tlic (Irand. The 
 origin of this lake is a fpring that bubbles out of the 
 ground, near half a mile up the country. Wc found 
 its water a little l>racki(li, but cnnlidcrably more fo to- 
 wards the fea fide, but the nearer we advanced tow.iros 
 the fpring head, the foftcr and frefiier it proved. TiiK 
 laid us under a nccedity of filling all our ca(l;s from 
 the fartheft part of the lake, which, however, wai 
 facilitated by means of canoes that travcrfed the lake, 
 and brought a number of fmall calks to the iidc 
 next the beach ; there the water was (larted into 1: rger 
 velTtls in the boats, and by that contrivance brought 
 on board with very little trouble. 
 
 The country hereabouts, particularly the tra£t nf^ 
 the coaft contiguous to Acapuleo, appearing tobcj', 
 well cultivated and peopled, we hop<'d eafily to pro- 
 cure from thence fome fie(h piuvilions and other re- 
 frefhmeiits of which wc (food in need. To facilitate 
 thefe views, the morning after uc came to an anchor, 
 the commodore ordered a party of 40 men well armed, 
 to march into the country, and endeavour to difcover 
 fome town where they were to fet on foot a correfpon- 
 dence with the inhabitants ; as, when we once begin 
 this inlercourfe, wc doubted not but by projier prefcnts 
 we (liould allure them to brinj' us down whatever 
 fruits or fre(h provifions were in tin ir power. As our 
 prizes abounded with various furt^ of coarfe merchan- 
 6 iiir 
 
 Icfl'.icuaile- 
 
COMMODORE ANSON. 
 
 157 
 
 Icf^iic'.an ilc- 
 
 diff which were of liulcconfcqucnce tous, though to 
 them they would bi; extremely valuabK-, ojr piople 
 were directed to proceed with thegrcatLll lirniml'pec- 
 tioiionthis occalion, and to make as little flicw of 
 hoftility a.-i polFible j for we were fenfiblc '.h it we could 
 find no wealth in thole parts worth our notice ; 
 and thought that what neceflaries we really wanted, 
 would be better, and more abundantly fupplicd, by 
 an open, amicable traffic, than by violence and 
 force of arms. But this endeavour of opening a com- 
 merce with the inhabitants proved ineftcctual, and 
 thertlore wc defifted from any more attempts of the 
 fame nature, contentinR ourfclvcs with what we could 
 procure in the neighbourhood of the port where we 
 lay. We caught fiflj in abundance ; among the reft 
 were bream, mullets, foals, fiddle-fifh, and Icib- 
 ftcrs i and we here, and in no other place met with 
 that extraordinary tilh called the totpedo, which is 
 in ftiapc very much refembling the fiddle-hili, and is 
 only diftinguifticd from it in appearance by a brown 
 circular fl>ot of about the bipnefs of a crown piece 
 near the center of its back. This fiflj is, indeed, of 
 amoft iingular nature, benumbing whoever touches it 
 all over his body, but more particularly that limb which 
 happens to come immediately in contact wiih it ; the 
 iame effeft, too, will be in fomc tlegree produced by 
 touching the filh with any thing held in the hand ; 
 and it has lately been difcovercd, that it may be com- 
 municated like the clciftrical ftrokc to a large circle, by 
 means of a certain apparatus much more fimple than 
 that which is ufed in experiments in elciSricity. 
 
 The animals which we met with on (horc, were 
 chiefly guanoes, with which the country abounds, and 
 which by fome arc reckoned dclitious-food. We faw 
 no beads of prey, except we (hould cftcem tliat am- 
 phibious creature the alligator as fuch ; I'everal of 
 which our people difcovercd, but none of them very 
 large. It is, however, certain, that there were great 
 numbers of tygers in the woods, t- ,ugh none of them 
 happened to make their appearance while we remained 
 upon the coaft. Parrots and pheafants were found in 
 plenty, but by no means proper food, being dry and 
 tafteli'fs, though they were often killed and eaten, be- 
 ing by fome thought preferable to fait provifions. 
 
 the papah, lime, and a little four plumb, were all 
 the fruits the woods furniihed, and of thefe there were 
 but a fcanty portion ; nor was there any other ufeful 
 vegetable, except brook-lime, which, being eftccmed 
 an anlifcorbutic, was frequently eaten, though from 
 its hitterncfs it was exceedingly unpalatable. 
 
 While we lay at Chequctan, it was refolved, after 
 mature deliberation, to deftroy all our prizes, as the 
 whole number of men on board our fquadron did not 
 amount to the complement of a fourth-rate man of 
 war. It was therefore judged moft prudent to fct 
 fire to the fllips, and to divide the men between the 
 Centurion ami Glouccfter, now, preparing to fet fail 
 for China. Bcfides the ncceflary repairs for a voyage 
 of fuch a length, the removal of their (fores and car- 
 goes into the men of war took up fo much time, 
 that it W.1S the end of April before we were in a con- 
 dition to leave the place. 
 
 It fliould have been remarked, that from this har- 
 bour of Chequetan wc difcovercd but one path-way 
 through the woods into the country j and ;is this was 
 much beaten, we were from that circumllance con- 
 vinced, that it was not unfrequented by the natives. 
 As it pafl'cd by the fpring-head, and was the only 
 avenue by which the Spaniards could approach to fur- 
 prife us, we, at fome diil.ance from the fpring-head, 
 felled feveral large trees, and laid them one upon ano- 
 ther, acrofs the path, and at this barricadoe wc con- 
 ttantly kept a guard. We, bcfides, ordered our men, 
 cmplo)^^! in watering, to have their arms always in 
 re.idincfs, in cafe of an alarm, and to march inftantly 
 to his port. And, though our princip.il intention 
 herein was to prevent our being dillurbed by the ene- 
 my's horfe, yet it anfwered another purpofe, which 
 was, to hinder our people from llraggling fmgly into 
 the country, where we had rcafon to believe they 
 
 would he furprifid by the Sp.iniarili;, wlio wiuUl 
 doubllefs be very folicitou^ to pick up f inieot th m, 
 n hopes of getting intelligence of our lutuie diliiiii-. 
 To avoid this inconvenieme, tl>e flricUd orocrs weie 
 given to the centinels, to let nopeifon whatever puii 
 beyond this poft, but notwithlUnding this p;ec:iutiui), 
 wc miflcd one Lewis 1 ejjere, who was ilie comnui- 
 lore's cook, as he was a frenchman and a Roman ca- 
 tholic, it wasfiriHniaiiincd tli:;t he h.ul deferl.'d with 
 a view of betraying alF that he knew to liie enemv, 
 though this appeared by the event, to be an ill- 
 group.ded furmile : for it was al'ierwards know n, that 
 he had been t.ikcn by fome Indians, who carried him 
 prifoner to Ac:ipuleo, from whence he was tranl|)orlid 
 to Mexico, and from ihence to Vera Crii/i where ho 
 was Ihippeil on board a vcflcl bound to Uld Spain. 
 lint, the veflM Iwing obliged by finic accident to put 
 into Lilbon, Legere clcaped on (liorc, and was by the 
 BriliHl coiilut feiit from ihenie to Kni'l.iiid, where 
 he gave the firft autheiiiic ;Kci>uiit of the l.ifety of th.' 
 commodore, and of liis priiicipiil tranf.ictii lis in the 
 South Seas. The relation he gave of liis own 
 fei/.uie, was tliat he rambled into the wood-, at fi.iiio 
 diftance from the barricadoe w here he had fult at- 
 tempted to pafs, but had been ilopt and threatened to 
 be puniflied j that his principal view was together a 
 quantity of limes for his mailer's Itores, and that in 
 this occupation he was furpriled unawares by four In- 
 dians, who Aript him naked, aiidcarriedhiminlii.it 
 condition to Acapuico, expofed to thcfcorching heat 
 of the fun, which at that time of the year (hone wiili 
 its grcateft violence ; that afterwards, at Mexico, his 
 treatment was fufSciently fevere ; fo that the whole 
 courfe of his captivity was a 'oiitinued indaiicc of 
 the hatred which the Spaniards h^M to all thofe who 
 endeavour todillurb them in the peaceiiblepon'^fhoM of 
 the coafts of the South Seas. Indeed, Legerc's for- 
 tune was, upon the whole, extremciv fiiiL'.ular ; as, 
 after the hazards he had run in the commodore's fqua- 
 dron, and the fevcrities he had fuftered in his Ion.; 
 confinement among the enemy, a more fatal difailer 
 attended him on his return to En<;Iand ; for though, 
 when he arrived in London, fome of Mr. Anion's 
 friends intcrefted tliemfelves in relieving him from tlic 
 poverty to which his captivity had reduced him, vet 
 he did I'ot long enjoy the benefit of their hiinianitv, 
 fince he was kill'.d in an infignificajit night-brawl, 
 the caufe of which could fcarcely ever be dilcovered. 
 When we were necc(ritated to proceed to Chequetan 
 to recruit our water, the commodore confidcred that 
 our arrival in that harbour would foon be known at 
 Acapuico: and therefore he hoped, that on the intel- 
 ligence of our being employed in that part, the gal- 
 leon might put to fea, efpecialJy as Chequctan is (o 
 very remote from the courfe generally fleered by the 
 galleons : he therefore ordered the cutter, as has been 
 already noticed, to cruize 24 days ofl" the port of Aca- 
 puico, and her commander wasdirecl'id, on perceiv- 
 ing the galleon under fjil, to make the bell of his 
 way to the commodore at Chequct.in. As the Cen- 
 turion was certainly a much better failor than the cal- 
 leon. Mr. Anion, in this cafe, relolved to have got 
 to fea as foon as podiblc, and to have purfucd the gal- 
 leon .tcrofsthc Pacific ocean j however the viccrov of 
 Mexico ruined this project, by detaining the galleon 
 in port all the year. 
 
 Towards the latter end of April, all things bcir.g 
 In readinefs for failing, the Centurion and Gloucefler 
 weighed anchor > and, having gained an o(Hii^, the 
 prizes were fet on fire, and a canoe fixed to a grap- 
 ple in the middle of the harbour, with a bottle in it« 
 well corked, inclofing a letter to Mr, Hughes, dirciTl- 
 ing him to go back immediately to his former Ifation, 
 before Acapuico, where he would find Mr. Anion, 
 who refolved to cruife for him in that ftation fom.- 
 days. Indeed, it was no fmall mortification to us, 
 now we were at fea, and the ftormy feafon approach- 
 ing, that we were detained by the abfenceof the cut- 
 Itcr, and under the necelTity of ifanding towards Aca- 
 puico in fcarch of her. As the time of her cruife 
 had 
 
 174/ 
 
 Ail'rr.'ei 
 l.trtl'. l.< 
 
US 
 
 THE VOYAGE OF 
 
 i-.H 
 
 haJ boon ckiiiicJ near a fortnight, we fufpcacd that 
 (he hail been difcovcrcd from the ihore, and that the 
 governor of Acapulco had thereupon fent out a force 
 to Icize her ; which as flie carried but fix hands, was 
 no very difficult enterprifc. However, this being 
 only conjecture, the commodore, as he was got clear 
 of the harbour of Chcquetan, flood along the coaft 
 to the eaftward in fcarch of her j and, to prevent her 
 from pafling by u.> in the darli, we hrought-ta every 
 night, and carried lights, which the cutler could not 
 but perceive. 
 
 13y the 2d of May \vc were advanced within three 
 leagues of Acapulco ; and, having fecn nothinj; of our 
 boat, wc gave her over for loll ; which, bcfides the 
 compallionate concern for our fhipmates, and for 
 what it was apprehended they might have fulFered was 
 in itfelf a misfortune, that in our prcfent fcarcity 
 of hands we were greatly interefted in ; finci; the crew 
 of the cutter were the flower of our people, purpofely 
 picked out for this fervice, as known to be everyone 
 of them of tried and approved refolution, and as flcil- 
 ful Itamcn as ever troil a deck. However, as it was 
 the general belief amongft us, that they were taken 
 and carried into Acapulco, the commodore's prudence 
 fuggeftcd a projedl which we hoped would recover 
 them. This was founded on our having many Spanifli 
 and Indian prifoncrs onboard, fomcofthcm of quali- 
 ty. The commodore, therefore, wrote a letter to 
 the governor of Acapulco, telling him that he would 
 rcleafe them all, provided the governor returned the 
 cutter's crew. This letter wasdil'patchedby a Spanifli 
 officer, of whofc honour wc hrd a high opinion and 
 who was furniflicd with a launch belonging to one of 
 our prizes, and a crew of Spaniards, who gave their 
 parole for their return. The Spanifli officer, too, 
 befidcs the commodore's letter, carried with him a 
 joint petition figned by all the reft of the prifoners, 
 befeeching the governor to acquiefce in the terms pro- 
 pofcd for their liberty. But while wc were thus con- 
 triving their rcleafe, the centinci called out from the 
 maft-head that he faw a boat under fail at a confider- 
 able diftance to the fouth-eaftward, which to our un- 
 fpcakablc joy upon her nearer approach, wc found was 
 our own cutter, the wan and meagre countenances of 
 whofe crew, the length of their beards, and the feeble 
 and hollow tone of their voices, convinced us that 
 they had futTered much greater hardCiips than could 
 be cxpcclcd from e\en the fevcrities of the Spanifli 
 prifon. They were obliged to be helped into the 
 (hip, and were immediately put to bed, when by reft 
 and nourifliing diet, with which they were plentifully 
 fupplied from the commodore's table, they recovered 
 their health and vigour. 
 
 And now we learned that they had kept the fea the 
 %v!iole time of their abfence, which was above fix 
 weeks, and that when they had finiflied their cruife, 
 and had iuft began to plv to the weflward, in order to 
 join the fquadron, a flrong adverfc current had forced 
 them upwards of 80 leagues to the leeward, where 
 they found to great a furf, that there was no fuch 
 thing as landing. They pafTcd fomc days in the moft 
 difaerecablc fituation, without water, having no other 
 means left them to allay their tliirft than fucking the 
 blood of the turtles which they caught. At latt, 
 giving up all hopes of fuccour, the heat of the cli- 
 mate likcvvife augmenting tlieir neceffities, and rend- 
 ering their fuft'erings infupportable, they abandoned 
 themfelves todefpair, fully perfuaded that they fliould 
 perifli by the moft terrible of all deaths ; but foon af- 
 ter, a moft unexjiedled incident happily relieved them ; 
 •for thcie fell fo heavy a rain that, on fprcading their 
 fails horizontally, and putting bullets in the centre of 
 them, they caught as much water as filled their caflcs. 
 Immediatelv upon this fortunate fuppiy, they ftood to 
 the wertward in fcarcli of the commixlorc ; and being 
 now luckily favoureil by a ftrong current, thiy joined 
 him in Icfs than 50 hours from that time, after having 
 been abfcnt in the whole full 43 days. 
 
 And now havinu got on board our people, to our 
 intire fatisfai-tion, and the fcafun of tiie year for fail- 
 
 ing to Afia being far advanced, the commodore rcfoIvcJ 
 not to wait for any return from Acapulco, but gavd 
 orders to equip two large |irixe launches, to carry ort 
 ftiorc the Spanifli and Indian prifoners both from our 
 ftiipand the CJIouceftcr; and, having given them pro- 
 yifions and all ntcelTaries for Panama, whither they 
 intended to fail, ihcy left us about four in the after* 
 noon, to the amount of about fixty pcrfons i hjving 
 firft (though enemies) obfervtd the cuftom of (a- 
 faring [K-opIc at parting, and wiihed us a profperou* 
 voyage. 
 
 From the fixth of May, the day we took our de- 
 parture, we met with little that was remarkable for a 
 month, except that the true trade-wind, which is 
 faid never to fail at about to or 70 leagues from the 
 fliore of Mexico at the farlhefl, was fo far from an- 
 fwering oor expectations, that we had nothing but 
 crofs winds, rain, thunder, and lightening, till by 
 account we were 600 leagues to the weftwartl of Aca- 
 pulco, having been above 40 days in getting lb far. 
 On the 9th wc found the forcmaftlprung in a danger- 
 ous manner, and thereupon fattened and fecurcd it 
 very ftrongly. A leak that was fprung on the 22d was 
 flopped by the carpenter with very little trouble.' 
 On the nth of June wc found a current fct to the 
 fouthward about 24 miles a day, but could not ilif- 
 cover whether to the caft or weft, for want of oppor- 
 tunity to try it. 'i"liiswas, by account, 450 leagues 
 from Acapulco. About this time, abundance of fcor- 
 butic fymptoms, fuch as niacknefs in the flcin, hardl"''' ""p'' 
 nodes in the flefli, fliortnefs of breath, and a ge;ierar'''|r''^''T"" 
 laflitude of all the parts, began to prevail abnoft uni-,!,*;. ("urvv. 
 verfally among our people. This, with the great 
 mortality we experienced from this dillcmper in our 
 Cape Horn pafliige, added to the time we might ftill 
 expeift to be at fea, formed a melancholy pro(pci>, as 
 we had flill 1800 leagues to run to the Ladrones, 
 which the Spaniards call the Marian [Hands. Thefe 
 confldcrations gave us dreadful .ipprehenfions of wh.it 
 this paflage might terminate in, and the event fliewcd 
 that wc had but too much reafon for them. 
 
 [For fome days we find nothing remarkable related 
 except the fpringing and damaging of marts and yards, 
 Hihich were repaired or replaced as expeditioully as pof- 
 fiblc; but theGlouceflerwas obligedtohaverecourfe to 
 a jury mart, on which flie made fail on the agtliof June.] 
 
 We had not only now (continues our author) but 
 for almoft our whole paflage, abundance of birds 
 of prey, alfo flying fifli, which are their pro|KT food, 
 and vaft quantities offlcipjack^, albicores,&c. whereof 
 wc took a great number, which contributed much to 
 our refrefliment after the lofs of the tortoifes that ge- 
 nerally leave all the fliips .about twenty or thirty 
 leagues off the land. I think this more worthy of 
 notice, becaufe Dampier, Rogers, Ccok, and other 
 voyagers, fome of whom have been not only once, 
 but fcver.al times on this voyage have reported, that 
 they never faw a fifli or fowl in this whole run. 
 [Here a very ])robable caufe is afiigncd for the diffe- 
 rent accounts of voyagers in this particular, namely, 
 the dirt'erent feafons of the year, in which they might 
 have arrived in thefe latitudes. On the icth d.ty of 
 the month they faw three gannets, birds whicli are 
 defcribed to rcfcmble what aie called Solaiid geeic, in 
 Scotland.] 
 
 On the 12th at noon, the lon^'itude by account was 
 180° 41 to the weftward of London, which is juft 
 11' more than half the circumference of the globe, 
 being then 1429 leagues diftant from the port of Aca- 
 pulco. From this time till the i6th wc had frcih 
 gales with fqualls and rain, the 17th and i8th we 
 had moderate and cloudy, the 19th and 20th frefli 
 gales, with abundance of rain. vVc made this ob- 
 k-rvation, that with rainy \vcather, or even flight 
 tranficnt ftiowers, the fifti bit more freely, and were 
 caught in greater numbers than with fair weather, 
 which made our fifticrmen the more attentive at fucll 
 times. It wasllkewife remarked that when the Glou- 
 cefttr's peoplccould fin I an opportunity to fi(h they had 
 always mure fucccfs tuaii we; whether tlieir fiflier- 
 
 nea 
 
CbMMODORE ANSON. 
 
 ii9 
 
 t (hip's 
 
 kc<l with 
 ; Icurvy. 
 
 men had more rirt, or whatever elfc occafioncd it, the 
 fudl is true. They h.id alio a better way otiliCpoling 
 of them, when talcen ; for Captain Mitchell conltanl:- 
 ly ordered fcveal boys, who were very dextrous at 
 it, to catch fiih for the fhip's company, efpccially for 
 the fick, and w lat was taken was very jultly and re- 
 gularly divided among them ; whereas our fisher- 
 men were left at liberty to m.ikc their advantage of 
 what they took, and to prey upon their fuft'ering ihip- 
 niates. I'hefc took care not to let flip the opportu- 
 nity; for the leaft fifh you could purchal'c of them 
 would coft a bottle of br-indy (which at this time was 
 worth four, or perhaps fix, and fometiii;.?s eight (hil- 
 lings, or half a guinea) and you mull be very thank- 
 ful, and .icknowledg>'! yourfelf to be highly obliged 
 into the bargain, or die cxik-iS none the next time, 
 and very often fail of i notwithftanding. About this 
 time, our people begai to die very fall, and, I believe, 
 five parts out of fix oftie ftiip's company that wireill, 
 rxpeflcd to follow in a fhort time. 'I'hofo whofc 
 breath was any way affci ted, dropped off immediately ; 
 but thofc who were attacked firll in the more remote 
 parts of the body, languilhed generally a month or 
 fix weeks ; the dillempet advancing, in the mean 
 time, towards the lungs, bv a very Icnfihle and regu- 
 lar approach. As I niyfcli' was one of thofc who 
 Were fcvcrely affliiScd in thi; latter manner, I fliall 
 give fuch an account of its pro^refs as I found in my- 
 l<;lf, and which was corroborated by the fimilar re- 
 port of niy fellow-fuffercrs. 
 
 I was full taken about the beginning of this month 
 with a flight pain on the joint if my left great toe, 
 but having hurt that a little while before, I imagined 
 it to be the effeifl of that hurt, a id minded it the lefs ; 
 but here I muft obferve once for all, that if ever any 
 part of the body had received a >ruifc, drain, or con- 
 tufion, if it was not perfedlly cured, the fcurvy was 
 furc to attack that part firlf. In a little time, a large 
 blacle fpot appearing on the part aft'eiiled, with very 
 intenfc pains at the bone, gave m.^ to undcrftand my 
 cafe. I now took phyfic often, by way of prevention, 
 but to little purpofe. Several hard nodes began to rife 
 in my legs, thighs, and arms, and not only many 
 more black fpots appeared in the Ikin, but thole 
 (prcad till my legs and thighs were for the mort part, 
 as black .as a negro ; and this was accom;>anied with 
 fuch excelfive pains in the joints of the t.-necs, and 
 ancles, as I thought before I experienced them, 
 that human nature could never have fupportcd. It 
 next advanced to the mouth: all my teeth were pre- 
 Jently loofe, and my gums overcharged with cxtra- 
 vafatcd blood, fell down over my teeth, which occa- 
 fionod my breath to fmell much, yet I believe, with- 
 out affcciing my lungs. But I believe, one week 
 more at fea would have ended me, and lefs than a 
 month more all the reft. One thing wss very re- 
 markable, and likcwife univcrfal ; which was, that 
 when the diftempcr had far prevailed, if the afflii^ed 
 pcriiin lay quiet in his hammock he fcemcd to be pcr- 
 (vMy well and hearty i but if he was removed out of 
 it on any neccflity, he immediately fainted aw.iy ; and 
 this was always a fure fign of the party's diflbluMon. 
 
 [This account is the more extraordinarj- finc^ the 
 laflitude incurred by lying ftill, generally encourages 
 the fcurvy, if it docs not bring it on in the fiift in- 
 /laiice. Of this wc have been con\inced by ocular 
 demouftration, and have experienced the great efficacy 
 of moderate cxercife, in preventing the dreadful el- 
 fecls of this diftempcr. Perhaps it may be affirmed, 
 upon the whole, that the diforder is not thoroughly 
 uuiL'rftood ; bccaufo the fea fcurvy has this in com- 
 mon with that which we contrail on (horc ; namely, 
 that it puts on various appearances accordln:^ to the 
 fituation, climate, time of life and conllitution of 
 the patient. In conclufion, our author feems willing 
 to adopt a contrary hypothefis to that generally re- 
 ceived ; for he is of opinion that rell rather than ex- 
 ercil'c is good in cafe of the fea fcurvy j but this ap- 
 pears to be only in the laft (lagcof it, when the patient 
 may be incapable of motion./ 
 
 Vol. I, N' 12. 
 
 Since our parting Cape Home (fays he) o>ir fur- 
 gcon, Mr. Henry t ttrick, who was a veiy good 
 practical furgeon, had been viry huly in clij;elting a 
 theory of Icurvics, wherein he eiiumirattd many 
 cafes very particularly, liavin;; been alloweil to opeji 
 and examine as many bodies as were abundantly luf- 
 ficient for that purpofe. His fyllem was principally 
 grounded on trie obiervatiims made on a long pall'age 
 in a very cold climate. He took abundance of pains 
 to prove by manv inftance?, that the tone of the 
 blood was broken by the cold nipping air, and render- 
 ed fo thin as to be unfit for circulation, or any other 
 of the ufes of life, and being thus deprived of force 
 and vigour, ilagnation and death mult Jieceflhrily cn- 
 fuc. From this fuppofition, he had laid it down as nil 
 infallible rule, that food of a glutinous nature, fuch 
 as filh, bread, and feveral forts of grain were alone 
 proper on fuch voyages. As for liquids, I know not 
 which he pitched on, as the moft lalubrious on this 
 occafion. But this palVage, in a very hot climate^ 
 where the fymptoms were not only more dre.-idful, but 
 the mortality much more quick and fatal in propor- 
 tion to the number of people, put our fcheming doc- 
 tor to a non-pins. All this obliged him at hill 
 (though he was fliU endeavouring to reconcile con 
 tradictions) to own that though fome of the concur- 
 rent circumilancesofthisdifcafe were plain enough, yet 
 the grand caufe *as the long continuance at fea, or an 
 entire fecrct ; ard that no cure but the fliore would 
 ever be eftcdtual. 
 
 Tlie commodore, on this great mort.ality, having 
 by him a quantity of Ward's pills and drops, in 
 order to experience whether they would b? c any 
 ufe, firft tried them on himfelf, and then gave what 
 he had left to the furgeon, to adminiller to fuch of 
 the fick people as cholc to take them. The furgeon 
 would not recommend them to any perfon ; but 
 feveral took them, though I know of none that be- 
 lieved they were of any fervicc. They worked moft 
 people who took them very violently j after which, as 
 feveral told me, they would fcem to be a little eafier 
 though weaker for a day or two, but then they always 
 relapfed, and became worfe than before j and this, 
 together with the inefficacy of all that our furgeon 
 could do in the cafe, fufficiently fhcwed the vanity of 
 attempting the cure of their diftemper at fea. [After 
 a digreffion tending to inculcate the ulefulncfs of reft 
 to people affiidted with the fcurvy, and an ohfcrvatinn 
 on contrary winds .ind bad provilions, the relation 
 proceeds as follows.] 
 
 On the 29th in the morning, the Gloucefter's fore- 
 cap fplitting, her fore-top-mail came by the board, 
 and meeting with the fore-yard, broke it in the flings. 
 As (he was hereby rendered incapable of making any 
 fail for fome time, wc were under a neceffity, as foon 
 as the gale fprang up, to take her in tow, and near 
 20 of the healthieft of our feamen were removed from 
 the duty of our own fhip, and were continued for 
 eight or ten days together to allift in repairing her 
 damages, but thefe things, mortifying as wc thought 
 them, were onl y the commencement of our misfortunes i 
 for fcarcely had our people finifhed their bufinefs in 
 the (jloucefter before we met with a violent ftoini 
 from the weft, which obliged us to lie to. This 
 ftorm, which lafted from tlie loth to the 13th of 
 Auguft was attended with rain, thunder and light- 
 ning, and fuch a lofty fea as I have feldnm feen, and 
 could not have believed in latitudes between the tro- 
 pics, for fuch a long duration. Moft of the time that 
 wc lay to, we drove to the northward. Abundance 
 of our people died daily, and the fhip proving very 
 leaky, every perlbn that could llir, (the principal offi- 
 cers not excepted) was obliged to take his turn at the 
 pumps, and all little enough to keep us above water. 
 
 On the i;}th of Auguft at ten in the morning, the 
 Gloucefter made a fignal of diftrcfs, and being to 
 windward, bore down to us ; but wc obferved flie 
 was long in veering, rolled very much, and mada 
 bad fteerage. About half an hour after noon, her peo- 
 ple fpokc with us, and told us they were (q leaky that 
 Al m they 
 
 I741 
 
 ! 
 
 m 
 
 -:Mi'- 
 
130 
 
 THE VOYAGE OF 
 
 1741 they mud quit their (hip; thnt they had fcvcn feet 
 » . V J water in the hold ) and tliat all the men they had ca- 
 pable oflliniiig, were quite exhaufted with pumping, 
 and could work no longer. This was an additionil 
 misfortune, and fcemed to be without rcfourcc j for 
 while the GloucclUr's crew were thus enfeebled, our 
 own fick were fo much incrcafcd, and thofe who Hill 
 remained in health, fo over-fatigued with labour, that 
 it was impoflible for us to lend them any aid. There- 
 fore all th:it could be done was to fend oui boat on 
 board fur a more particular account of thelhip's con- 
 dition ; as it was foon fufpefted, that the talcing lier 
 people on board us \ and then deftroying the dlou- 
 cclkr was the only meafure that could be profccuted 
 in the prcfent emergency, both for the prefervation 
 of their lives and for our own. Our boat foon re- 
 turned with a reprefentiitioii of th» melancholy ftatc 
 of the Glouccfter, and of her feveral defeats, fiened 
 by Captain Mitchell and all his ofKccrs ; by which 
 it appeared that the Ihip was decayed in cvcrv part ; 
 that her crew was greatly reduced ; they added that 
 there remained alive no more than 77 men (officers 
 included) i8 boys, and two prifoners ; that of the 
 whole number only 16 men, and 11 boys were capable 
 of keeping the deck, and feveral of thcfc very infirm, 
 and that the water was fo deep in the hold, that 
 thofe who were yet alive were ftarving, and could 
 neither come at frefh water nor provifions. On .nc- 
 count of this rcprcfentation, which was in no inftance 
 cxagger.ited, the commodore fent immediately an order 
 to Captain Mitchell, to bring his people on board the 
 Centurion, and take out furh (lores as could moft 
 eafily he come at, among which he was very de- 
 lirous of faving two cables, and a ftjeet anchor. 
 But the fhip rolled fo much, and the men were fo ex- 
 ccflivclv fatigued, that it was with the greateft diffi- 
 culty tfio prize-money was fecured, the prize goods 
 amounting to many thoufand pounds being abandoned) 
 nor could any other provifions be got at, than five 
 calks of flour, (three of which were fpoiled by the falt- 
 water), a fmall quantify of b-andy, and fome living 
 flock. Even this little b . wa« fo languifliingly 
 
 performed, that two days were wafted in the execution, 
 during which time three or four of tlie fick periflicdon 
 being removed. As the weather was now calm, and 
 we were uncertain how far diftant we might be from 
 Guam, a fcttlement in poflcffion of the enemy, to 
 whom the wreck of fuch a fhip with guns and ammu- 
 nition on boari' would have been a very valuable ac- 
 quifition, the commodore judged the moft effedlual 
 way to prevent her falling into their hands was to fet 
 her on fire : and, accordingly, as foon as the captain 
 and his officers had quitted her, the combuftibles 
 placed for that purpofe were lighted, and ftie continued 
 'J'lic Glouccf- burning the whole night, and at fix the next morn- 
 utlttua liic.jijg ^g blew up. Thus periftied his majefty's (hip 
 tlie Glouccfter ; and now it might have been expeiEled, 
 that being freed from the cmbarraflinent in which her 
 frequent difafters had involved us, wc fliould have 
 proceeded on our way much brilkcr than we had hi- 
 therto done. ■ However, we were foon taught that 
 our anxieties were not foto be relieved. 
 
 VVc were at this time in the utmoft diftrefs j the 
 {hip confiderably lumbered with prize goods, and the 
 fmall room we had left thronged with the fick, whofe 
 numbers were now very much increafed with thofe 
 from the Glouccfter, the dirt, naufeoufnefs, and 
 ftcnch almoft intolerable, more people daily difabled 
 with the difeafc; no fignof land, and but very little 
 wind, and that not fair but variable ; very bad pro- 
 vifions and water, and the (hip very leaky ; and though 
 wc -■ I'covered the leak to be in her bows on each fide 
 the ftern, it lay in fuch a manner that we could not 
 ftop it, nay, the attempting it rather made it worfe. 
 In this diftrefs we made the beft of every fpurt of 
 wind. 
 
 Nothing farther remarkable happened till Sunday 
 the 22d, when abeut eight in the evening, we dif- 
 covercd two illands ; one bearing weft half foiith, and 
 the •ther S. W. by W. at thc'diftance of about 10 
 
 leagues. We were overjoyed at this fip.ht, and ftonit 
 toward them with all our fail : but tlicVe being little 
 wind, we did not get near them till the ntxtdav about 
 noon, when being about three miles oft' the largtft 
 and moftpromifing of them, which opened very hilly 
 and full of trees, we fent on Ihore one of our lieute- 
 nants in the cutter to make difcovcries, «ho rctuined 
 at nine in the evening, and gave us but a very iiiJil- 
 ferent account of the Ihorc. 
 
 'I'hc trees were nioftly cocoa-nut trees, of which 
 there were prodigious quiintities : they brought alunit 
 60 cocoa-nuts on boaM with them, but they could 
 find no water, nor any good place to anchor in, Ow 
 this account it was thought fit to ftand fartlur to the 
 fouthward, for fome mpre proper place. This was a 
 feverc difappointment to moft of the fick, who, on 
 the fight of land, (or hearing that it w.is fo near) 
 had begun fenfibly to revive : but as perfons in fucli 
 circumftanccs are foon driven to defpond, when an 
 aid they depended upon deferts them, fo this difap- 
 pointment deftroyed our hopes, and increafed our de- 
 jeftion. We feared, that, if we met with more idands 
 in the famv run, rhey might be either as bad, worfe, 
 or inhabited by our enemies the Spaniards, who in our 
 weak condition, might eafily be able to hinder us 
 from proper refrcfhments : add to this, how many of 
 us were near to death, and how little we cculd cxpt>;t 
 to furvive any time in fearching for other ifland';, 1 
 know not whether thcfe were the general thoughts of 
 the fick, but I muft own they were mii>c, and made 
 our fituation at th.it time appear ten times worfe to mi; 
 than at any other in the whole courfe of our voyaj^e ; 1 
 was indeed very ill, and my illncfs mi^^ht poflibly oc- 
 cafion every thing to appear in its worft light, yet f 
 was never one of thofe who were frightened at the 
 apprehcnfion, or even the vifible approach of death ; 
 it had no unreafonable terrors in any of its profpeits 
 tome J and I always could, meet it with ivlignntion ; 
 but I believe the healthieft and ftoutcft at tliat time, 
 had probably the greateft apprchcnlions; and I have 
 fincc heard from many of thofe, that they expcdlcJ 
 all to have pcrifhal, had wc been io little as tlu'co 
 weeks longer at lea; and I much queftion whether 
 they were not right in that expectation. 
 
 On the 26*h at five in the morning, wc faw three 
 other illands, being from S. E. by S. to N. 1". the 
 middlemoft of the three, which was the lar';c(l, Jus 
 eaft. The 7.7th, at three in the afternoon, K'lig !;ot 
 pretty near the (horeof the middle iftarid, we (cut our 
 cutter and pinnace in-ftiore for difcovery. At four, 
 the pinnace came oft", and brought with her an Indian 
 praw, with a Spaniard and four Indians whom they 
 took in her. They likewife told us, that they had 
 inftiore a fmall bark of about 16 tons, and between 
 20 and 30 mere people on theiftand, all of whom had 
 been fent thither from Guam, to kill cattle and hogs, 
 and make jerked beef and cocoa-nut oU, &c. for tha 
 Spanifli garrifon there j and that there arc people coii- 
 ftantly fent on that account, who, after fome month* 
 ftay at that place, are relieved by frefh parties for tha 
 fame purpofe. We fecured both the bark and praw, 
 together with all the Indians who fell into our liands, 
 to hinder their carrying intelligence of us to the Spa- 
 niari'" at Guam. One of thofe Indians was a car- 
 penter by trade, and his father was one of the princi- 
 pal builders at Manilla. This young in.Tn having 
 been ill ufed by the governor at Guam, voluntarily 
 entered with us, became one of our carpenter's crew, 
 and proved a very uleful handy fellow. 
 
 The Spaniard being examined as to the ft.ttc of the 
 ifland we were now approaching, the account he guo 
 furpafled even our moft fanguiiie hopes ; and, though 
 uninhabited, he faid, it wanted none of thofe accom- 
 modations with which the beft cultivated countries 
 are furniflicd. On muflering up our whole force, as 
 we drew near, all the hands we could collei'l, capable 
 of any kind of duty, even on the moft prefting occa- 
 cafions, amounted to not more than 71 nun, (offirers 
 included). I'his number, inconfidcrablc as it may 
 fecm, were all of the united crews of the Centurion, 
 I Glou- 
 
 Tinij 
 btd. 
 
COMMODORE ANSON. 
 
 ♦3» 
 
 Tinisn dcfcii- 
 
 18 
 '» 
 Sf 
 
 a- 
 r- 
 i- 
 
 I'S 
 
 lie 
 
 n- 
 ifi 
 as 
 bis 
 :a- 
 rrs 
 lay 
 jn. 
 
 (jlouceltcf, and "tVial, that coiil J move without be- 
 ing afliftcil, nmtwithltanding when they left England 
 they confllicilof near looo men. 
 
 When v'c had entered the road, our flrft buAncrs, 
 after furling (hu fails and feciiring the lhip« was to 
 provide an hufpitil on fliorc for the fick : but the of- 
 ficer and feainen who were fent upon this fervice, re- 
 turned joyfully, and acquainted u9 that the Indians 
 on Ihoro had f.wcd them that trouble, and had pro- 
 vided for us better than wc could have done for our- 
 fclves i for, having creftcd a number of little cabins 
 for their accommodations during their refidence on the 
 idand, and one in particular which they made ufe of 
 by way of ftorehoufe to ftow their provifions in, there 
 could be nothing more fuitably adapted for the recep- 
 tion of both the tick and the healthy, than thefc erec- 
 tions. Accordinf^ly we began fending alhore as many 
 of the ftck as could pofTibly be conveyed, among which 
 number I myfclf was one : I fay, as m.iny as poflibly 
 could be conveyed, for we were fo extremely feeble an J 
 helplefs, that we were nootlierwife to be landed than 
 by b:ing carried in our hammocks, both in and out of 
 the boats, on mens fliouldcrs, in which fervice both 
 the commodore himlcif and his officers very humanely 
 aflilled i and indeed they were almoft the only perfons 
 onboard capable of performing it, the healthiell fea- 
 mcn being fo much enfeebled, that they had but jull 
 ftrength enough left to help thcmfelves, The nex' 
 i»y, being the 29th, the remainder of the fick were 
 brought on Ihorc, when 21 men died ; but the greateft 
 part of the reft recovered furprifingly. The foil, 
 upon examination, wo found to be every where dry 
 and healthy; and being withal fomewhat fandy, it 
 was thereby the lefs difpofed to a rank and over-lxuri- 
 ant vegetation : and lience the meadows and woods 
 were neater and fmoother than is ufual in hot climates. 
 The valleys and hills were moll beautifully diverfified 
 by the mutu.il incroachments of woods and lawns, 
 which (kirtcd e.ich other, and traverfed the iflands in 
 large tradts. The woods confifted of tail and well- 
 fpread trees, fomc celebrated for their beauty, and fomc 
 for their fruit : wliilft the lawns were generally 
 crowded with herds of cattle, of which it was not un- 
 common to fee ihoufands feeding in a herd, and being 
 ull milk-white, it was no wonder th.it fuch an appcar- 
 imce excited our longings, and cnrreafcd our impa- 
 tience, to kill and eat. Add to this, the innumerable 
 fvvarms of poultry that filled the woods, and, by 
 tlieir frequent crowings, gave us in idea the picafing 
 apprchenfion of being in the neighbourhood of farms 
 and villages; and we even fancied, that in the covert 
 o( the woods wc ftinuld find fuch concealed. The 
 cattle wc had fight of were computed at 10,000; and, 
 befidts tliefc .nnd the poultry, we likewife found abun- 
 dance of wild hogs, which were excellent food, but 
 fierce, and not ealily maftered. At firft we killed them 
 byihooting; but our ammunition failing, owiiig to 
 un accident, wc at Lift hunted them down with dogs, 
 fcvcral of which joined us on the ifland, and being 
 trained to the fport by the Indians, readily enough 
 followed U5, and afforded good divcrfion. In their 
 conflicts with the hoars, fome indeed were killed ; but 
 thole that came off victorious, were ftill more eager 
 to engage in every new purfuit. ♦ 
 
 This ifland was no Icfs fortunate to us in its vege- 
 table than in its animal produflions, more particu- 
 larly in abounding in fuch fruits and plants as were 
 bcft adapted to the cure of that difeafc by which we 
 had been lb dreadfully debilitated. In the woods 
 cctoa-nuts were to be gathered without number ; and, 
 what is remarkable, cabbages grew on the fame trees. 
 There were, bcfides, giiavas, limes, fwcct and four 
 oran»:s, and, what is common to all the tropical 
 iflands, bread fruit; in the plains we found water- 
 melions, dandelion, creeping-purflain, mint, fcurvy- 
 grnfs, and forrcl : all which, together with the frelh 
 meats of the place, were fuch Uilutary refrcfliments, 
 
 * Tlie iflanil of Ti«i«n it difltrcntly dtfciibtd by Coiniso- 
 ^e Ilyron. 
 
 that the fick, who were at death's door when they 1741 
 landed, before they had been a week on ftiore, put on \,^y^^ 
 very different countenances, and with their new com- 
 plexion received a frefli recruit of fpirits. 
 
 Amidft fuch a variety of provifions as the land fur- 
 niflicd, it WHS thought unneceflary to indulge our- 
 felves in thufc offered us by tlie fca. From fifli, 
 therefore, we wholly refrained : and the rather, as 
 fome we caught at our firft arrival, furfcitcd thofe 
 who ate of them. This, however, was not rp;'rettcd, 
 as beef, pork, poultry, and wild-fowl, were m fiicli 
 plenty, that except the trouble of bringing thrni ito'.n 
 aconliJt.rabli; dillancc I'omctimcs, there was nodifii- 
 culty attending their procurement. It were indeed, 
 an endlefs talk to recount all the excell-ncics and deli- 
 cacies we met with in tliis delightful ifland; nor is it 
 eafy to fay which to prefer where every thinij is wor- 
 thy of admiration, the ncatiiefs of its lawns, the 
 ftatclincfs, frefhnefs, and fragrance of its wonds, the 
 happy inequality of its fjrfacc, nnd tlie v;iriet,y Mid 
 elegance of the views it afforded. All thcle ctn- 
 (pircd to charm the fight, while, at the fame time, ihc 
 extcllency of its produiSlions could not fail to gratify 
 the appctitr. And thefe .tdvantaccs were greatly en- 
 hanced by the healthincfs of the climate, by thcalmoft 
 conftant breezes that prevailed, and by the frequent, 
 gentle Ihowers that fcenied to fall juft to refrcfti the 
 earth, and add to its fertility; for thefe, inftead of 
 the long continued rains that in other countries fill 
 tht!air with noxious vapours, and overflow the c.lMh, 
 with wafteful inundations, feemed juft enough to pu- 
 rify the air, and to refrclh the foil; which was ob- 
 fervablc enough by thecftcdls it had in iticreafingour 
 appetites, and promoting our digeftion. Thiscffci' 
 was indeed remarkable, (ince thofe among our officer!: 
 who were at all other times fpare and temperate eater;, 
 were here in appearance transformed into gluttons ; 
 as inftead of one rcafonable flefti-meal a day, they 
 were fcarcely fa'.is.'ied with three : and yet our digef- 
 tion fo well correfp'jnded to tlic kccnnefs of cur appe- 
 tites, that we were neither difordercd nor even 
 loaded by this uncommon repletion ; for after hnviiiT 
 made a large beef breakfaft, it was not long before 
 we began to confider the approach of dinner as a very 
 defireable and fomewhat tardy event : The principal 
 inconveniences that attended our lefidencc upon this 
 ifland arofe from the vaft number of muflcittos and 
 other troublefome infeiSs, by which we v.ere pcr- 
 petually teafed : there was likewife a venomous little 
 infeft that, like the fteep-ticks in England, would 
 bury its head in the fltin, and if not loon removed, 
 caufe an inflammation. Running water there was 
 none in the ifland, but that defeft was fupplicd by a 
 large lagune or lake, almoft in the centre of it, to 
 which the cattle, in times of drought, generally re- 
 forted } but the frelhnefs of their pafture, and thn 
 copious dews and gentle Ihowers that often moiftened 
 it, rendered that refource almoft unneceffary. There 
 were bcfides fprings of excellent water, and, near the 
 furface, wells might every where be dug, whofe waters 
 in any other place, would not have been complain- 
 ed of. 
 
 But the great danger we had to dread, remains to be 
 told. During four months in the year ; that is, from 
 the middle of June to the middle of Oftober, when " 
 the weftcrn monfoons prevail, the winds about the 
 full and change of the moon are variable, and blow 
 with fuch fury, that the ftouteft cat" -s afford no fe- 
 curity to Ihips riding at anchor in the road : and what 
 adds to the danger in the rapidity of the tide, which 
 fets to the S. E. and occafions fuch a hollow and 
 overgrown fea as is fcarcely to be conceived ; infomuch 
 that though we were in a fixty-giin ftiip, we were 
 under the dreadful apprchenfion of being pooped by 
 it. During the reft of the year, the weather is con- 
 ftantly fettled, and when fliips have nothing to fear, 
 if their cables are well armed, which othcrwife will 
 foften from the foulnefs of the ground. From the 
 19th of Auguft, when our fick were all put on ftiore, 
 to the I2th of September, when the co.mmodore him- 
 " felf 
 
 < 
 
 \ 
 
t3» 
 
 tHE VOVAOE 0** 
 
 1741 
 
 A Tiiiknt 
 
 fclf UnilcJ, tliufc tlut rcmninctlon board wcrcchirfly 
 emplciyecl iiiniouiing tlicir Ihip, inlhtftiiig tlivir guns, 
 to cumc at their leaks, and in fccuilng thu cabl«8 from 
 being g;illcd againtl the rocky bottom ; at the fame 
 time an anchor and cable were put on board the Spaniih 
 bark, her own being only a heavy log uf wood, and 
 a rope made of bafs, and fmne barrels of powder, 
 which by ionj; keeping were become moid, to bedried 
 and lecovered. From the 12th to the Ijth, their hands 
 were continually fhifting ; thofc who were fo well re 
 covered as to be capable of duty, were fent on board, 
 and thofe who had borne thu burden of the labour 
 were nlievcd and fent on ihore. 
 
 'I 'lie weather began to alter on the ■9th, and to 
 KiiVpciViiihcs threaten a ftorm. On that day, the next, and the 
 ilii: Ccntuiiiin 21II, it blew hard ; however, we rode it out, and flat- 
 fidiii liirari- tered ourfelves that the prudence of our meafiires had 
 cbor. fecurcd us from accidents. On the 22d the hurricane 
 
 came on, and our only hope of fafety rccmcd to de- 
 pend on our putting out to fea i but the commodore 
 was on fhore, and all communication with the land 
 ablblutdy cut off. At five in the afternoon, the fmall 
 bower parted, and the fhip fprang off to the bell 
 bower. As night approached, the violence of the 
 Dorm incrcafcd ; yet, notwithlianding its incxprcf- 
 fible fury, the rapidity of the tide was fuch as to pre- 
 vail over it, and to force the vedel before it, as it were. 
 In dcf;)ight of its utmoll rage. It was now that the 
 fea broki: ri>un<l us in a tremendous manner, and a large 
 tumbling fAell tlirealcned to ingulph us in its bofum. 
 The long-boat which was moored a-llern, was, on a fud- 
 dcn, thrown fo high that it broke the tranfum of the 
 commodore's galley, and would, doubtlel's, havcrilen 
 as high as the taft'eril, had it not been for the ftroke, 
 which (love her to pieces ; yet the poor boat-keeper, 
 . though mucli bruifed, was faved almoll by miracle. 
 
 • About eight o'clock the tide flackcned, but the wind 
 
 did not abate ; and the bell bower cable by which 
 alone we held, parted at eleven. In this extremity, 
 Mr. Sauniartz, our firft lieutenant, who commanded 
 in the abfence of the commoilore, ordered guns to be 
 lircd, and lights to be (hewn, as fignals of diilrefs. 
 In a Ihort time after, the night being exceflively dark, 
 the ftorm ragin;;, the thunder roaring, and nothing 
 to be fecn but the blue lightning flafliing through the 
 rain, we were driven to (ea ; and by this cat.illrophe 
 '^, the whole crew, both by fea and land, were reduced 
 
 to a (late of defpair ; thofc on (bore, coiicludina; that 
 they had now no means left them ever to get home, 
 while thofe on board, being utterly unable to drug- 
 gie with fuch winds and leas, expected each moment 
 to be 'Heir lad. In this defpondent (late, while the 
 I rcw on board were every moment expedling to be 
 dallied againil the rocks of Aiguignan, an illand about 
 three leagues from Tinian, thofc on flior* were pcr- 
 Juaded the fhip could not furvive the ftorm, the whole 
 channel between the two iflands, appearing from the 
 land like one continued breach ; the fea fwclling, 
 breaking, and rraring, like mountains over moun- 
 tains, and forming the moft aweful and terrifying 
 fight that the mind of man can pol&bly conceive. 
 Indec<! the condition of thofe driven to fea was truly 
 jjttiablc : they were in a leaky velTel, with three 
 c.;blcs in their hawfes, to one of which Hill hung 
 tiieir yet remaining anchor : thty h.ad not a gun on 
 board lalbed, nor a port barred in. Their mrouds 
 were loofe, their fore-top-maft was unrigged, and 
 they had ftruck their fore and main vards down be- 
 fore the hurricane came on, fo that there was no fail 
 they could fet except the mizzen. To add to their 
 misfortunes, they were no fooner at fea than by the 
 labouring of the (hip, whole floods of water ruflied 
 in at the hawfe-holes, ports, and fcuppers, whi^h, 
 with the ufujl leakage, kept the pumps conltantly at 
 work. Perfuaded that their deftrudlion was inevitable, 
 vet fiiiking was but their fecondary concern, for they 
 judged by the driving of the fhip, that they were mak- 
 ing towards the land, and in the darknefs of the night 
 that they fliouldno otherwife perceive it than by ftrik- 
 iiig upon it. Day-light, however, relieved tlicm from 
 6 
 
 that uneafy apprchenfion, by (hewing them that tho 
 illand which they had fii much dreaded was at a con* 
 lidcralile dillaiice, and that the northern ciiireiit had 
 proved the means of their prefcrvation. It was not, 
 however, till the expiraiiun of three days, tliat tht 
 turbulent Wwaiher wliith had driven them from J i- 
 nian, bei;aii 10 abate ; whin every man in the lliip 
 was <o worn out u itii futijjue, that they found it ini' 
 polUMe to man the pumps, and hand the fails at ilie 
 fame lime. They had twice attempted tu get up the 
 main and fore yards, in which they had as often mif- 
 carried, by the breaking of the jeers j and in the lall 
 etlbrt, one of their beft men penihcd. 
 
 All this lime the fliip was driving to leeward, and 
 dragging her fhect-anchor, the only one flie had, with 
 two cables on end at her bows. Thij was a circum- 
 (t.ince of the greateft confequence, and required • 
 fpecdy remedy ; for though, upon a third exertion of 
 their whole lurce, they h<id replaced their yards, they 
 durft not, while the anchor remained in that fituation, 
 venture to fpread their canvas. Some reft and refrefli- 
 ment became nccetlary before a work of fuch labour 
 could be propofed to a feeble and diminifhed crew, 
 that hardly confifted of 100 men. It was therefore 
 five days after their departure, before they could fc- 
 cure their anchor. Then they ftt their courfcf,and, 
 for the firft time, ftood to the eaftward, in hopes of 
 fuon regaining the illand, and rejoining their com- 
 mander, and the reft of the company. But in this 
 they were unhappily difappointcd ) for having run, 
 as they thought, the diftance necefl'ary, and bemg In 
 full expeiftation of feeing the ifland, they found ihem- 
 lelves bewildered by the irregularity of the currents, 
 and knew not what courfe to fteer, till, after many 
 days uncertainty, they came at laft in fight of Cjuam, 
 from whence, with infinite labour, they direiSlcd their 
 courfe to Tinian, the wind being conft;mtly againft 
 them, and the tide variable. This fevere employ- 
 ment held till thetith of October, when, after 19 
 days abfcnce, they ap)K'ared again in the oftin;;, and 
 were reinforced from the (liore, to the inexpreiTiblejoy 
 of the whole crew. 
 
 A few days after the fliip was driven ofF, fome of 
 the people on fhorc cried out, A [ail! This fpread 
 a general jo/, they fuppofing it to be the Centurion 
 returning -, but prelt;ntly another fail was defcried, 
 which wholly dcilroycd the firft conjeitiure, andmad« 
 it difticult to guefs what they were. 'I'hc commo- 
 dore, by the help of his glafs, faw they were two 
 boats ; on which he inftantly concluded, that the 
 Crnturion was gone to the bottom, and th.-it thofe 
 were her bo.its, returning with the remains of her 
 people. Tins fudden fuggeftion wrought fo power- 
 fully upon him, that, in order to conceal his emotion, 
 he was obliged to retire to his tent, where he fpenc 
 fome bitter moments in the firm perfuafion that all 
 his hopes were now at an end, and that, inftead of 
 diftrelling the enemy, he muft himfelf, with his people, 
 fall a prey to their cruelty. He was, however, foon 
 relieved from this mortifying thought, they appearing, 
 on their near approach, to be Indian proas [or prawsj 
 direifling their courfe towards the bav with a view, as 
 was fuppoled, to relieve their countrymen, or take 
 on board their provifions. 
 
 On this intelligence, the commodore ordered his 
 people to conceal thcmfelves j but the praws, after 
 advancing v.'ithin a quarter of a mile of the fhore, 
 lay by for the fpajc of a few hours j and, probably 
 obferving fome change in the appearance of the place, 
 which might raifc their fufpicion that an enemy lay 
 in ambufii, they got again under fail, and fteered to 
 the fouthward. 
 
 After this incident, an opinion began generally to 
 prevail that the Centurion would never more appear 
 at this iHaud ; and that fhc was either loft, or forced 
 upon the coaft of China, from whence, in her cmzy 
 condition,, it would he iwipoffible for her ever tore- 
 turn. Though the commodore did not apparently 
 give into this opinion, yet he was not without his 
 fears j and to provide aj^ainft the worft, he propofed 
 
 cutting 
 

 4 i 
 
 S \ 
 
 COMMODORE ANSON. 
 
 cutting afunder the Indian baric which they toolc, on 
 their hrll arriv:'.!, nnd lengthening her in I'uch a man- 
 ner as to render her capable of taking nn board all who 
 were then upon the illund, and t'ulluw the (hip, if pcr- 
 adventure flic fhouUI be driven to Mocao. After fomehe- 
 fitat ion, owing to the difficulty attending thecxecution, 
 they were prevailed upon toengage in the work, and the 
 commodore by his example encouraged their diligence) 
 for, being always at work by day-brcalc himlelf, it 
 was thought a Jilgracc to be idle when their chief 
 was cmpToyeil. U fortunately happened, that the 
 carpenters both of the Glouceller and the Trial were 
 on fliore, and that they had brought for fafety their 
 cheft of tools with them. The fmith too, was on 
 fllorc with his forge, but his bellows was l(ill in the 
 fljip. This dcfeit occafioncd fume delay j hut was 
 foon fupplicd by the ingenuity of his fliip-mates, one 
 or other of them never being at a lofs for expedients 
 on fuch occnflons. They limed a frcfh hide for leather j 
 the carpenters fliapcd out a wooden frame, and a gun 
 barrel fcrvcd for a nozcl } the fmith being now in rca- 
 dinefs to prepare the iron work, feme were employed 
 in cutting down trees, and fawing them into planks, 
 whilft the main body were buficd in digging out a 
 draw-dock to receive the bark, and laying of ways to 
 heave her up and down. All, in fliort, were varioufly 
 employed; and the work went on fuccefsfully for 16 
 days i in which time the bark was fawn afundcr, aiid 
 her two parts were feparated, and placed at the proper 
 diftancc from each other i and, the materials being all 
 in rcadinefs before hand, they proceeded with no I'mall 
 difpatch in the enlargement, infomuch that they fixed 
 on the 5th of November as the day when they fliould 
 be ready to depart. The alacrity with which the bu- 
 ilnefs was carried on, left no room for reflexion among 
 Ihc common failors, though their fuperiors were, not 
 without their fears. They had no fca provifions, ex- 
 cept the jerked beef, which the Indians had prepared, 
 and abandoned when they fled, and they had a run of 
 600 leagues before they could prcfume upon a fupply. 
 They had no bread, and the brc.id fruit on this ifland 
 could not be preferved at foa ; they wanted fait } and, 
 what was ftill a more necefliiry artiele in their prefcnt 
 fituation, they wanted ammunition for tliiir defence, 
 in cafe of an attack from an enemy; for, upon tlie 
 ftri£teft fearch, no more than 90 thargi-s of pow der 
 could be colleitlcd, which was fhoit of one round 
 a-piecc for each of the company. They were in an 
 unknown fea, and vvantcd inftruments to direi^^ their 
 cuurfe ; in fhort, though the common men had no 
 other thought than how theyfliould get on board, the 
 oiHccrs forefaw a thoufand difficulties, which were al- 
 moA infurmountablc to human apprehenfion, but 
 which they carefully concealed, that the main bufinefs 
 might not be retarded. But, in the midll of thefe 
 gloomy apprehcnfions, which, the nearer the time of 
 their depart ureapproached,llill became the more fcrious, 
 and when all hopes of feeing the Centurion at Tinian 
 had fubfidcd, one of the Gloucellcr's men, being upon 
 a hill at a didance, looking out fur cattle, perceived, 
 fory thing like a (hip in the clouds, which, on (leady 
 obfervingit, feemed to move flowl y towards the land, 
 it was not long before he was fcnfiblcof its approach, 
 and pcrfuaded himfclf it was the Centurion. The 
 man with cxtafy ran towards the lanJing-place, cry 
 ing to his comrades, the Jhipl The fnip ! This 
 being heard by the ncareft, was echoed from mouth to 
 mouth, till it reached the fpot where the commodore 
 WiU! at work, who, on hearing the joyful news, threw 
 down his axe, and joined in the general tranfport. In a 
 few hours, the Centurion appeared in the offing, and a 
 boat with iB men was fcnt off to reinforce her, and 
 to carry frc(h meat, fruits anil refrc(hmcnt8, for the 
 crew. In the afternoon of the nth of OiSobcr, (he 
 happily call anchor; the commodore went inflantly 
 onboard, and the joy and congratulation on thatoc- 
 cafion were equally nncere and mutual. 
 
 The labour of the artificers was now at an end, and 
 another kind of employment fuccceded, which was 
 that of laying in water for the voyage. Now alfo 
 
 Vot. I. W J2. 
 
 hunting, fliooting, and every device that could be 
 contrived to catch live cattle, hogs, and poultry, for ^ 
 florcs, took place } while, at the fame time, the com- 
 modore and officers amufed tliemfelvcs with traverf- 
 ing the ifland, and examining more minutely its Ic- 
 veral parts. In one of thefe excurfiuns, being on a 
 rifing ground, they obferved, in a valley beneath 
 them, tlie apncr.rancc of a fmall thicket, which, by 
 attending to it, feemed to have a progreffivc motion, 
 as indeed it h.ad, but was no other than a parcel of 
 cocoa-bu(hes trailed upon the ground by perlons con- 
 cealed beneath them. From this uncommon tircum- 
 ftance, it was immediately concluded, that the In- 
 dians, whofe boat they had furprifcd upon their fird 
 arrival, muft he the perfons who were dragging the 
 bu(hcs, and that it could not be far to the place of 
 their concealment. They therefore kept their eye upon 
 them, and traced them to their cell ; but, to their 
 furprife, when they entered it, they found it aban- 
 doned, though all things were ready prepared for din- 
 ner, .inil Itood fmoaking hot on a table of turf. The 
 officers, having in vain endeavoured to track them 
 returned, and, with an appetite incrcafed by the 
 kecnefs of the purluit, fat down to eat that meal 
 which the poor hungry favages had abandoned. It 
 confided of falted fpear-ribs, and bread fruit; all 
 which they found ready drelTcd, and in quantity as 
 much as they all could eat. 
 
 On tlic third day, after the fecond arrival of the 
 (hip, the commodore being on hoard, a fuddcn gu(t 
 of wind arofe, and again brought home our anchor, 
 and drove us out to fea. Our chief officers were now 
 all on board ; and only about 70 of our men, with a 
 midflilpman or two to command them, were employed 
 on (hore in filling water and catching cattle. Of 
 thefe about 30 came off to us in a cutter, and the 
 eighteen-oarcd barge was lent for the rell : but they 
 not being in rcadinefs, and the (hip quickly driving 
 out of fight, it was no longer in their power to join 
 us. However, as the weather foon proved favourable, 
 and \vc were now Itronp-r and healthier than when 
 we met with our firll difafter, in about five days we 
 regained the road, and anchored fafe in our former 
 ftation. On our return we found the bark reftored to 
 lierold dimenfions, ami the parts brought together, 
 and in good forwardnefs to be completed ; for the few 
 remaining people, defpairing of the return of the (hipt 
 had determined to follow her to her dtilinod port. 
 We now' laboured indefatigably to get in our water, 
 in order to liiil, in which fervice two of our men, 
 employed in the well, unfortunately perilhed ; for 
 the fides of the well being loofc earth, by the carelef- 
 ncfs of thofe above, in not properly attending the 
 filling, the bank gave way by the weight of a heavy 
 cadi, and both that and the bank fell in upon them 
 together. Some other misfortunes happened through 
 hallc in rafting the cafks to the (hip, which yet, not- 
 withftanding, were fuch as are generally accounted, 
 trifling on board a man of war. Our w.itering went 
 on folucccfsfully, that by the 20th of October it was 
 completed ; and on that day leave was given for a man 
 from each mcfs to go on (hore and gather as many 
 oranges, lemons, cocoa-nuts, and other fruits of the 
 ifland as (hould be fufficient for us all, while at (ea< 
 This being accompli(hed, and the Spanilh bark fet on 
 fire, the men returned on board, and the boats were 
 hoiiled in. On the 2i(t we fet fail, and the wind being 
 fair, and the weather moderate, notliing remarkable 
 happened till we arrived on the coaft of China, ex- 
 cept that while we were paffing by the rocks of Vale 
 Rctc, near the fouth end of the Ifland Formofa, we 
 were alarmed by a cry of fire on the fore-caftle, which 
 brought the whole crew together in the utmoft con- 
 fufion, fo that it was difficult for fome time to reduce 
 them to order; but, as foOn asdifcipline took place, 
 and a proper examination could be made, it was found 
 to proceed from the furnace, where the bricks, being 
 ovcr-heatcd, had begun to communicate the fire to 
 the wood-work, which, had it not been timely dif- 
 covcred, might have been of the moft dreadful confe- 
 N n quence} 
 
 «3J 
 
 1742 
 
 I1 
 
 , » 
 
^ 
 
 «!♦ 
 
 THE V O Y A CJ I-: C) J-' 
 
 1741 
 
 quenee 1 bur, an it fell out, it wn^extinguiflirtl \vith 
 the griMtcIl lacility, and the brick-work In Iccurvd, 
 that no itcciiknt of the like kind could liappcn 
 ■gain. 
 
 From the ifland of Formofu we dirci5ted our cnurfc 
 fb an to fall in with the cnall of China, tu the call- 
 war>l ul' Hcdro HIanco ) an that rock it generally cf- 
 tccnicil the bcti liirutitionii fur Ihipn bouniTto Mucan ; 
 and, on the bth of Novemlicr we fell in with it, and 
 Were prclently fiirronnded by an incredible number of 
 iilhing boats, wliich covea-d the furfacc of the fra a.s 
 far as the eye could reach. Nor wao thin fwarm of 
 fifhing vell'els peculiar to that place, for, a« we ran on 
 to (liL- wetlnard, we found them a> abundant on every 
 other p.irt of the coall. From among thcfc we hnd 
 no fort of doubt of procuring a pilot to Mocao; but, 
 when we thought ourli'lves near it, though we tempt- 
 ed them with (hewing them bags of Spaniflt dollars, 
 (uT which, it is faid, a Chinefe would lell his father, 
 yet not one of them would venture to come on boiird 
 Us, nor give us the leaK intelligence ) neither did our 
 fliin, the like of which fo armed and filled, probably, 
 had never before appeared upon their coalb, fcem to 
 excite in them any curiofity. They continued their 
 liOiing with the fame apparent indiftercncc as if any 
 trading <hip had been paOing by ( and, when we 
 maile them fignali, they difregarded them as much, 
 though they certainly umlerllood them, as if wc had 
 been in Iport. The next day, however, about two 
 in the afternoon, as we were (landing to tlic weft- 
 ward, within two leagues of the fliore, ftill fur- 
 rounded as before, we obfervcd that a boat a-head of 
 us waved a red flag and blew a horn. This we ap- 
 prehended was ,1 fignal for us, and accordingly hoilled 
 out our cutter, and lent to know the meaning of it ; 
 when we prefcntly difcovcrcd the miilakc, and that 
 it was only the ulual notice to leave oft' fifliing, uhich 
 the whole fleet inftantly obeyed. Being thus difap- 
 pointed, we kept on our cruife till we came to a 
 groupc of iflands, round the wefternmoft of which we 
 Merc direded to \nCti, and then to haul up. While 
 we were thus employed, a Chinefe pilot came on 
 board, and, in broken Portuguefe, undertook tn pilot 
 us into harbour for 30 dollars; and on the 12th of 
 November, anchored us fafe in Mocao road, where 
 the Arft thing we did was to falute the firt, and to 
 lend to the Portuguefe governor, to advifc with his ex- 
 cellency in what manner to behave, to avoid giving 
 oftence to the Chinefe. The difliculty the commodore 
 principally apprehended, related to the port charges 
 ufually paid by the fhips in the river Canton, from 
 which charges men of war are exempted in every 
 port of Europe, and which the commodore was deter- 
 mined not to be forced to pay in this. 
 
 In the evening the boat returned with two officers, 
 u-ho delivered it as the governor's opinion, that, if 
 the Centurion ventured into the river of Canton, the 
 duty would mott certainly be expected j and, there- 
 fore, if the commodore approved of it, he would fend 
 a pilot to condud the Ihip into another harbour, 
 called the Typa, where it was probablu the port 
 ■barges would never be demanded. To this propofal 
 our commander agreed ; the pilot was fent and the 
 Ihip fafely moored. 
 
 Next day the commodore paid a vifir, in pcrfon, to 
 the governor, to folicit a fupply of provifions, and 
 of naval ftorcs to refit the fliip. 7'he governor very 
 frankly acquainted Mr. Anion, that he durft not 
 openly furnifh either the one or the other : for that 
 he himfelf never received provifions for his nrrifon 
 but from day to day, by pcrmiflion from theChincfc 
 government, nor any thing elle but what his prefent 
 neceflarles required. However, he aftured the com- 
 modore in a friendly manner, that he would give him 
 all the alGftance in his power. On this declaration, 
 the commander refolved to go to Canton himlelf, to 
 procure a licence from the viccrov to purchafe a fup- 
 ply, and his attendants to carry them into port. But 
 juit as they were ready to embark, the Hoppo rcfufed 
 to ^rant them a permit ; nor would he, for all the 
 6 
 
 intireft the commodore fniild mike, wltlijnw luo 
 priihihition, till .le was threatinnl In he c<in'|ull,d t<J 
 .1 by foi'O. 'I'liis cptnitrd when fair nii-.iv.* h.ii 
 failed ; the next day a [xiiiiit w.is li.nt on b«i;ird ; aiuf 
 the ciiniMuxlon ]'i.ii.cei!cil to ihi- KnglKh fu'lory, tn 
 eonluil « ith tlu pi iiiri; .il ofliecri there, about the pre- 
 cautions that were In he ufcd, Icll the fat'lory there 
 QloiiM futt'er by vioKiit nic.il'iire<, ■.•hiih he was (<)- 
 lieiiiiiis to avoid. 'I'lu\ advikdhim to tr.inf.iiH the 
 matter with the Cliinil'e nKich:mt , who, at firft, 
 undertiHik to aecompliflt it; but .'.lur trillinj; wii!« 
 him for more than :t month, thev dreUr)'d thev ihiill 
 not interfere in it. 'I !uy then undertiKik to procure 
 him piovifions elandeftiiiily, but that iMiulil not ful- 
 fiee. On his return, he found the Ihip lb much out 
 of repair that (he could not proceed withi'ut beini^ 
 hove down. The next d.iy, therefore, he wintc .i 
 letter to the viceroy, acquaiminj; him, that he wa» 
 commoduie of a fquadron of his Hritannic Majeftv's 
 ftjips of war, that had been ctuifinj; iji the South 
 Seas againft the Spaniards, who were at war with his 
 nation 1 that His (hip was Icaltv ; that his people were 
 in want of provifions ; that he had put into Mocao, 
 a friendly port for a fupply ; but that, hein;^ a Uianjer 
 to the cultoms of the country, he h;id been unable to 
 I'uccccd J and therefore he reqiiefted he nii;;lit be per- 
 mitted to employ workmen to repair his ftujvv, and 
 that he might be Aipplicd w ith proviliniis at the accul- 
 tomed rates at which »hc articlci which he ftooil in 
 need of were generally fold. 
 
 Another difhculty was now ftartcd as to the deli- 
 very of this letter, the Hoppo at firll refufing to in- 
 termeddle with it i but on the commodore's exprcilinj 
 fome rclcntmcnt, and threatening; to convey it in 
 Canton, by his own meflengers, he at length under- 
 took not only to deliver it, but to procure an anfwer j 
 accordingly, though the letter was only dated on the 
 17th of December, on the 19th a mamlarinc of the lirft 
 rank, together with two others of an inferior chifv, 
 and their attendants, having in their retimi:- iH half 
 galleys, decorated with (Ir.iincrs, .nnd furnidicd with 
 bands of mufic, came to a (jr.ipple a-head of the Cen- 
 turion, whence the mandarine fent in to acquaint 
 the commodore, chat he came hy order of ihc vice- 
 roy to examine the condiiioii of the fhip, and to re- 
 port the fame as it ihould appear to him upon a jull 
 furvcy. On this mcflage, prepaiations were inlbntly 
 made to receive him ; in particular, a hundred of the 
 moft fightly men on board, uniformly dreft in the 
 regimentals of the marines, were drawn up under ami* 
 on the main dv-cic, againft his arrival. When he 
 entered the fhip, he was fainted by the drums and 
 military mufic, and condudUd by fome of the princi- 
 p;»l oflicersto the quarter-deck, where he w.is received 
 in ftateby thccomiiiodure, and then introduced to the 
 great cabip ; then he explained his comniiffion, and 
 ueputed the perfons he haJ broui;ht with him to take 
 the furvey. The mandarine appeared to be a perfoii 
 of fupcrior abilitii-s, and endowed with a franknifs 
 and honefty not ufually to be met with among the 
 ordinary ranks of Chinefe officers, and being an cyc- 
 witnefs, of the dangerous (tate of the leaks, and of 
 the neccility there was for a thorough repair, he cx- 
 prefled his entire acquiefcence in the report tk.it had 
 been given, ;uid promifcd to lay the fame immcdi.ifely 
 before the council upon his return. He was exceed- 
 ingly curious in infpc<ff ing the ftiip, in examining her 
 guns, and poifing her great ftiot. He cxpreu his 
 aftonifhment at her 'hength and magnitude; and 
 the commodore, to increafe his wonder, and fhew hn 
 own power, let him know how eafy it would be for 
 him to deltroy the whole navigable force of China, 
 and lay the city of Canton in ruins j but, nevcrthe- 
 lefs, he afflired him, that not the leaft violence fhould 
 be offered, provided his wants were fuppllcd upon 
 reafonablc terms. 
 
 At the fame time the commodore complained of the 
 behaviour of the officer at Mocao, who had prohibited 
 the country people from felling provifions to his com- 
 pany, though tbey bad paid for what th/.y purcb^fed 
 
 ■A 
 
COMMODORE Al^SON. 
 
 in ftorling rilvci. The manJariiie heard the rom- 
 ntuiiil without emotion, but f.iiil it DkhiM he icnK'dii.il 
 for ihi" fiifiirr. After the hufuKTs w.n dvcr, Jinru-r 
 was ordered, and the commiulore apologifed for the 
 meannefs of the fare, from the difficulty he had to 
 procure bct'.rr ; hut the two inferior mand.irinm, who 
 were the only pcrfons of the retinue permitted to 
 fit at talilr with them, Ihcwed no dillike to any thing 
 fct before them, except the betf, to which they have 
 the lame averfion an the Jewi have to pork, from a 
 prejudice derived fiom their anceftori ) of which the 
 rommcHlore Wa« not apprized, nor were they otFended 
 at its being fet before them. They were indeed, very 
 uukward in the ufe of knives and forks, and it was 
 found necefTary to introduce their own fervanti to 
 tarve for them before they could make an enti of their 
 dinner. But if they were deKcicnt in their manner 
 of eating, they were no novices in putting about the 
 Ijl.ifs I for, there was not an officer at table that durft 
 engage with them. Seeing they were fond of Fron- 
 tii ac, and tliat they prelently emptied four or five 
 bottles without any cffcA, the commodore ordered a 
 bottle of citron water to be brought up, which on 
 tailing, they liked, and, hethen excufing himfelf, on 
 account of an illnefs from which he had not yet re- 
 covered, they clapped a ruddy faced officer on the 
 (houlder, and dcfired him to pledge them, f.iying, by 
 their interpreter, they were lure ne could nut plead 
 illnefs for declining his glafa. When the bottle was 
 out, they all rofe from the table, without appearing to 
 be in the Icall difordered ) and after the uiual cere- 
 monies, departed very well picafed with their enter- 
 tainment. 
 
 I'hc commodore now eagerly expeAed the licence 
 which he had rcquefted } but it was feveral days be- 
 fore it palTcd the iiecelTary forms, chiefly owing tothc 
 intrigues of a Frenchman, who having the advantage 
 of fpcaking the language Huently, was at no lofs in 
 travcrfing the meafures of the friemlly mandarine} 
 yet a repetition of the threats already Kferred to, pro- 
 duced the defired effeA. 
 
 The licence was received on the 6th of January, 
 and the carpenters fet to work, and the prohibition 
 being prevliiufly taken off, provifions were every day 
 brought to the fliip in plenty. However, it was 
 the beginning of April before the repairs could be 
 completed ; and the Chincle began to be very uneafy 
 at the commodore's long i>ay. 7'hey had frequently 
 fent nicflcngers to him to haflcn his departure; not 
 knowing or Dclieving that he was no lefs in earneft 
 to be gone than they were defirous to be freed from 
 his long (tay. At lad, on the third of April, two 
 mandarines came on board from Mocao, with a pe- 
 remptory command, .iddrefled to the commodore, re- 
 Suiriii^ him to depart ; to which he made anfwer in a 
 ttrrniiiied tone, Tliat he fliould go when he thought 
 propel, and not when they |>rcfumcd to command 
 him. After this rebuke, ho.\cver, all communica- 
 tion was forbidden, and no more provifions t«ere fuf- 
 fered to go on board ; and fo ftriiitly were thofe in- 
 junclioiis carried into execution, that, from thence- 
 forward, nothing could be purchased at any rate what- 
 foevrr. 
 
 On the 6tli the Centurion weighed, and warped to 
 the fuiith\vard,and by the :5th (he w.is fafe in Mocao 
 road. Long before (his, fomc time in the month of 
 November, Captain Saunders, commander of the 
 1'rl:i1 prize, had taken paflagn on board a Swediih 
 (liip, with difpatclus from the commodore for go- 
 vernment. And about the middle of December, 
 Captain Mit(hLll, Col. Crockcrode, Mr. Tafwel, 
 •with his nephew, Mr. Charles Herriot, and the Rev. 
 Mr. VValtcr, embarked on board the company's fllips, 
 on their rctiiui home, .\huiit this lime we received 
 the firft news ot" the .nriival ;it Rio Janeiro of the Se- 
 vern and Pearl, the two fliips of our fquadron, that 
 parted from us at Cape Home. The former had been 
 remarkable for the cxtraord'nary fickncfs which had 
 been more fatal on board her than any other vclTcl in 
 the whole fqiiadroa ; inromuch that though her hands 
 
 were twice recruited from the Centurion, duiinj 
 her voyage to the (lrei(;hts of I,e Mane, yet when 
 (lie p;irted company /he w.uuc.l hainK to navljjatt li-r 
 in a llorm, wliicli was the reaf m of her return. It 
 was from the knowledge of ihil unconimnn mortality 
 that prevailed ainoiii; the crew, that tlic conuiio- 
 dorc concluded the Severn to be loll. The ihvv»» 
 therefore, of hers and the I'carl's fafcty was received 
 with the greater pleafuie, as «c had long entertained 
 an opinion that both of them had pcrilhed. But, to 
 proceed. — From the ill to the 15th of Apiit, we had 
 ilormy weather, with heavy rains, and fiieh amazing 
 and terrifying claps of thuiuler and flaihes of lighten- 
 ing, as nothing of the kind I had ever feen, bore any 
 propoition to. This was upon the breaking up 
 of the caftcrly monfoon, when fuch Horms are ufual 
 in the country, and fometimes are accompanied with 
 dreadful gulls of wind, which they rail tuffoons, of 
 the effects of which the Chinefv relate wonderful 
 ftorici. 
 
 While we were warping out of the harbour, the 
 commodore went on flioic to Mocao, to take leave of 
 the PortugUcfe governor, who, had Uliaved in a very 
 friendly manner to us ; at hi:> coming from the tort 
 he wasfalutcd with 15 guns. 
 
 During our flay, uc had entered about 10 freflt 
 hands, being chiefly Lafcars, Pcrfiiins, and Duteh- 
 mcn, fo that our whole complement, when we f.nlid, 
 amounted to a24 men and boys, amon^ whim were 
 fome ofalmollall nations, language', and religions. 
 
 Being now at fea, wc were fi'r fome time in a 
 ftate of uncertainty what courfe (he commodore in- 
 tended to (leer. He gave out at Mocao, that he wm 
 bound for Batavia, and from thence to England ; but 
 his real delign was very different. The project which 
 the commodore h.id refolved upon in his mind was 
 to cruifc for the annual (hip from Acapuico to Ma- 
 nilla i and, not difcouragcd by his former difaftcrs^ 
 he refolved again to rifque the dangers of the Pacific 
 Ocean, and to til;e his (lation off Cape Spirito 
 Santo, on the iflaiid of Jamal, beins the firll land 
 the Acapulco (hips make in approaching the Philip- 
 pines. When wc were thus got out to lea, it was no 
 longer n' cffary to conceal liis project, he thertforei 
 fummor.-d all his people on the quarter-deck, and 
 in a (hort, but fpirited fpecch, informed them of hi* 
 de(ign, whic!. was received by them with figns of 
 hiKiicli approbation. Such a confidence of fuccel's had 
 dimiled itfclf through all the (hip's comp-nny, that the 
 commodore, who had taken fomc Chincle lliecp to fea 
 with him for his own provifion, enquiring one day 
 of his butcher. Why he had lately feen no mutton at 
 his table ? the man replied. That there were but two 
 (hecp left, and thefe, with his honour's leave, he would 
 referve for the entertainment of the general of the 
 galleons. 
 
 When the Centurion left the port of Mocao, (he 
 ffood fome days to the wcdward, and on the firft of 
 May, paffcd tfie Ifland of Formofa. Steering to the 
 fouthward, on the 4th in the evenint; they came irt 
 fight of tlw Ba(hce Klands, which tluy fufpciflcd to 
 be wrong laid down by Dampicr, and, from obferv- 
 ation found them 25 leagues too far to the wcUward. 
 On the 20th of May they came in fight of SpiritoSanto. 
 
 As it was known that there were ccntinels placed 
 upon the cape to make fignals to the Acapulco (hips,* 
 the commodore tacked, and ordered the top-Kallant-fails 
 to be taken in, to prevent a difcovery ; and this being 
 the (lation in which he propofed to cruifc, he fixed the 
 limits between the latitude of 12° ;o' north, and 13' 
 5' the Cape it(clf lying in 12° 4" north, and four de.* 
 grees eaft longitude from Pibtel Tob.igo Xima. It 
 was now the inip from Manilla was every hour ex- 
 pelled i for (he feldom fails of making land in the 
 month of June, and fometimes fooncr, and it was 
 the laft day of May New Style, when the commodore 
 took his (tation. 
 
 * 1 hrra wcr< two expc£tcil, bcoufe&ane baitltcui peiiniitcil 
 to fail the (Jreccilipg \c»r. 
 
 [;Aficr 
 
 ns 
 
 1747. 
 
 !i 
 
136 
 
 THE VOYAGE OF 
 
 i-+a 
 
 TIcv mrtt 
 uitli tl>e Ac 
 
 [Arter a month of tcdioin expc^uuon in which 
 hnpcsanrf fear* nllcrn.itrly reigned in tilt tirraft^of our 
 uilvcniurir*, on llic joih of Jiim-, Mr. C'harlo 
 i'r>)by a midlhipinan, ililciniiid a liiil frnin the nvlill- 
 licid ) un which it was itnincdialcly concluded that 
 this mufl be one of the gallcun^, and accordingly they 
 ftuod towards her. They could fi'e her from the deck at 
 half an hour pall fcviii in the niornin);, when flic 
 firrd a gun to leeward, which the Engiifh thought 
 had been a fignnl to her confort, but which they after- 
 wards found wa> intended as a ilgnal for her own pec- 
 jile to prrp.ire for engaging. ] 
 
 The commodore was furprifed to fee the vchel ftea- 
 dily purl'ue her courfe, and \va< now in no fear of 
 lohng her, as, at noon, he could fctcli her wake. 
 - Her confort not appearing, it was concluded that they 
 hiiH parted company, and it now became vifihlc that 
 the Spaniard did not intend to Ay, but to fight. 
 Every preparation had been previoully m.idc on board 
 the Centurion, and all hands jiroperly inllru^ed i to 
 that every man on board repaired to his poll with as 
 much regularity and unconcern as if prep.iring for a 
 review. Thirty of tlie bert markfmen lined the tops ; 
 two men placed thcmfelves at each );un, to lo.\il it, and 
 gangs of ten menc.uh, were appointed to go from gun 
 to gun, to run them out, and lire them as fuon as 
 they i—.Te loaded. Thus a conlt.int running fire was 
 kept up, and no interval allowed for the enemy to 
 ftand In their guns in I'afety, as is common when whole 
 broad-fiiles arc difchargedat once. 
 
 At one in the afterncxin, the galleon hauled up her 
 for«-fail, and brought tn, under top-fails, with her 
 hciid to the northward, h'jIiHii'; SpanKh colours, and 
 having the Itandard of Spain flying at her top-gallant 
 mall-head. About the fame time the Centurion hoifted 
 her broad pendant and colours j and feeing the enemy 
 clearing the decks of tlieir cattle and lumber, gave 
 orders to fire the chacc Run<, to dlllurb them in their 
 employment. The galleon returned the fire with her 
 Hern chace guns, one of which carricil aw.iy one of 
 our rore-fliroudi, which coulj not have hec.i done by 
 »n ordinary ball. The Englifli fetting their fprit-fail 
 fore and aft for boarding, the Spaniards, out of a br.i- 
 v.u!o did the f.mic. Soon after the Centurion Shot a- 
 breaftof the enemy, within piftol (hot j and now the 
 engagement became hot and fierce. For the firft half 
 hour, the Centurion over-reached the galleon, and lay 
 on her bow, while by the widenefs ot her ports, (he 
 rould tr.averfe alnioft all her guns upon the enemy, but, 
 in return,. the gal Icon could only bring a part of her's 
 to hear. 
 
 [In the midft of the aiSion, the mats with which 
 the galleon had ft'ifted her netting, took fire, blazing 
 up nearly as high as the mizzcn-top. This accident 
 threw tiie Spaniards into the utmoll terror, and alfo 
 alarmed the commodore, he fcarinp; left the galleon 
 Should be burnt, and that he hiinfelf might fuffer by 
 being clol'cly gr.ipplcd by her. Happily, however, 
 both thefc dangers were averted, and the fire was cx- 
 tinguifhed by cutting away the netting, and letting 
 the whole tumble into the fca.] 
 
 All this time the commodore kept his firft advan- 
 tageous pofition, firing with great regularity and 
 bnfknefs i while, at the fame time the galleon's decks 
 lay open to our top-men, who having, with their 
 firft volley, driven the Spaniards from their tops, 
 made prodigious havock with their fmall arms, &c. 
 killing or wounding every officer but one that appeared 
 upon the quarter-deck, and woundiiw; in particular 
 the general of the galleon himfclf. 'I hus the adlion 
 continuedfor more than half an hour: after which the 
 Centurionloft the fupcriorityof hcrfituation, and came 
 dofc along-fide of the galleon, when the enemy con- 
 tinued their fire with great aftivity for ne,ir an hour 
 longer : yet, even in this fituation, the commodore's 
 grape-fliot f'.v.j-r 'hoir decks fo cffedlually, and the 
 number of the i' •' I ..'id wounded became (o confider- 
 able, that tl:. y W^:..i to fall into great confufion, ef- 
 prcinlly as tli. p-r-nrnl, who was the lifeof the aiflion, 
 was no longer able to exert hinUclf. The difordcr was 
 
 fo great, that their ofllcert were ficn running about to 
 prevent the dvfertion of ihi: nun Irurn iliiirp.>lUj 
 but all their endtavoiini wrrcu v.iln ) for, .ifl<i hav- 
 ing, as a laft cfl'ort, fired five or lix guns with nioia 
 judgment than iifual, they yielded up the conlcit ; and, 
 the galleon's colours being fingcd r'V the ciilign-ll.iir 
 at the beginning of the engagemciu, (he llruilc the 
 llar.dard at the nuin-top-gallant-nial)-lic,id ) but eveii 
 this office would have been at tlie peril ui the nun'* 
 lite, had not the cummoJure, obferving what he wat 
 about, given exprefi orders to leave oft firing. 
 
 The commodore, when the action wan ended, re- 
 folvcd to make the ntft of his way with his prize tu 
 the river Canton, being, in the mean time, fully cm- 
 ployed in Iccuring his prifonvrs, and in removing the 
 treafurc from on board the galleon into the Centurion. 
 His firft bufiiiefs was to conimiflion the ftiip, and put 
 licr under the command of proper olHcers : Lieuten- 
 ant Saumarcz was appointed Captain, and was liiinic- 
 diatcly ordered on board tu take poU'efljon of hit 
 charge. , 
 
 But, juft as the galleon had ftruck, the officer who 
 commanded between decks came up, feeinlngly co 
 congratulate the commodore on his conaueft i but at 
 the fame time privately whifjK-rcd to him, that the 
 Centurion was dangerouily on fire near the powder- 
 room. Itfcemsoneof the lads, called powder mon- 
 keys, being heedlcfs, a cartridge that he was carrying 
 blew up in his hands ; this fired another, and that 
 three of the lower-deck guns on the oft' fide of the 
 (hip, which being happily lo.ided arul laid down for 
 fcrvicc, and the |<orts hauled up tn vent the fmoke, 
 they did not occafion the leaft mli'chlcf i however, the 
 cartridges and guns together raifed fuch a fmothcr, 
 that it was at firft doubtful whether it proccctled from 
 the cxplofion, or from a part of the lliip being on 
 firci in fd£\, upon examination, it was found to 
 proceed from both : for part of a cartridge having 
 fallen between the planks of the cieling, clofe aft bf 
 the fcuttle of the chaplain's cabin, not only a confi- 
 dcraWc finoke iftiied out, but a very fcnfihlc heat, and, 
 had it not been immediately cxtinguiflicd, the conic- 
 quencc would have been dicaJlul : to be brief, a few 
 pails of water feafnnably applied, did more than all 
 the water of the ocean could have tfttiiltd after au 
 hour's delay. 
 
 This alarm being thus happily fubfided, we drafted 
 out 50 of ourpco|)le (of whom myfelf was one) to 
 board and man the prize. I heard we killed them 60 
 men, and wounded as many more, and expei^lcd to 
 havcfcen the horrid fpeflaclesof mangled limbs, dcail 
 carcafcs, and decks covered with blood : but no fuch 
 fpcflacles appeared, a party having been properly fta- 
 tioned, during the time of a£llon, to walh away the 
 bloo' and to tlirow the dead over-board. We found, 
 however, many dcfperately wounded, and among 
 them the general, who had received a mulkct ball in 
 his breaft, and was, or pretended tobcfo ill, that 
 it was judged unfafc to remove him from his cabin : 
 but all the other officers, together with the paf- 
 fengcrs of note, were fcnt on hoard the Centurion. 
 Among the latter was an old gentleman, governor of 
 Guam, who was going to Manilla to renew his com- 
 miffion, and who had fcarccly mouuted the Centurion'^ 
 fide before he was received with open arms by Mr. 
 Croodcn, captain of marines, who, 36 years before, 
 at the battle of Almanza, had been his prilbner, and 
 honourably ufed by him. Thefc two renewed their 
 old acquaintance, and Captain Croodcn had a long- 
 wifticd for opportunity of returning the favour he haid 
 formerly received, and which he gratefully remem- 
 bered. 
 
 The Ihip, which upon examination, was found to con- 
 tain to the value of more than a million and a half of 
 dollars, was called the Nueftra Signora de Cabadonga, 
 Don Jeronimo dc Montero, commander, by nation a 
 Portuguefc, and accounted the moft intrepid officer 
 employed in the Spanifti mercantile fcrvicc : and, in- 
 deed, in my opinion, he was more brave than p: udcnt j 
 ror, furcly, no wife man, intruftcd with fuch a cargo, 
 7 fix 
 
C () M M O D O R K A N 8 O N. 
 
 w 
 
 Tx lenguf* to ihf wiiidw.inl of ;i m.in ol war, pur- 
 polcly llatiimcil to intiru'pf hiin, would li.uc lioriU! 
 down upon liik (luniy, ami lii.ivoJ Imim (o Iiih tcclh, 
 when, with the a(lv.iiita(;i' ol the wiiul, he nii^ht h.ivt 
 got (ato to port, Iroin whi iicf he was not Jiiore tluii 
 lo ur I a I'M;',iii« diit.iiit, and wliciu Ik iiii^lil ihiii 
 have let his puirii'rat deti.iiKe. 
 
 Hi» galleon was indicil larger than the man of 
 war, was pineeil for 64 (^iirx, hut had only \f> 
 mounted, molt of thcni 1 ji noiinders and 17 of them 
 brafs : (he had, helidcs, jH patararoes in hei ;.Min- 
 Wale, quarters, and tops, raryin/, e.uh a 4lh. hall ) 
 and, Ixlore the engigement, Ihc nuilh nd ().( ) men 
 lapahle of btariiiL; arms, oiro(is ami palhnjMis In- 
 cluded ; (lie was Titlides, well (iintilheil with fmall 
 arnn, and was partieul.irly provide d ag.iinll hoardini;, 
 lioth liy her ilole nuarlir-, and hy a llion^', net -work ol 
 two-ineli rn|ic laeed over her walle, and loitihed with 
 h.df-pikcs plaeed in tin mniner olrheiaux de tri/i'; 
 but, notAithllandiii^j; all h'r dif'iues (he had 64 
 men killed, and 84 wounilcd, uhillt tin.' Centinion 
 had only two men killed, and a lieutenant and |l> men 
 wounded, all uf whom rccu\ered, one man only ex- 
 cepted. 
 
 And now the commcxlorc learned from fomc of the 
 prlfoncrs, that the other (hip, which had been kept in 
 the port of Ai:apulco the year Uefori, inllead ot re- 
 turninj in company with this, as was expicled, had 
 failed earlier in the liafon th.in ul'ual, and was pro- 
 bably [lot inio Manilla belorc the Centurion fet fail 
 from .Vlocao i fo that, notwitlillaiuling our prtlcnt 
 fuccefs, \vc had reafon to ree,ret the lofs of lime occa- 
 fioned by the delays of the C'hinefi', which prcvilitnl 
 our takinj;two rich prizes inllead of one, thounh to fay 
 the truth, it would not have been an cafy talk to dil- 
 pol'c of th? priloncrs, which, even as it fell out, was 
 a matter that gave the commodore n<i fniall dilcpiie- 
 tu,h- i for they were above double the nuniber ol <iur 
 people i and fomc of thiiii obl'ervcd, when they were 
 brought abroad, how flenderly we weremanneil t and 
 the general hinifelf could not help exprellin;!; his in- 
 dignation to be thus beaten by a handful of boys. It 
 was therefore ncctlVary for our own pnfervation t> 
 prevent th ir rlfing j and that could not be fLCurily 
 
 tlRcted without exercifmg u degree of leverity 
 
 ot lie iLCurily 
 everity whieli 
 in any other circumllaiices eouM not have been jurti- 
 fied on the principle!; 01 Immaniiy ; for llure was no 
 method practicable but that of llowing the men in the 
 holds of the two (hips i and ns fji the otlieers, 1 j in 
 nunib.r, they were contincd in thj f\i{\ lieutenant's 
 cabin, under a guard of fix men, (irit deprivin.; th.m 
 of their arms, and then keeping a (Irict watch on ;dl 
 their motions. Indeed, the lult'erings of the conmum 
 men. Inch of them, in particular, who were not em- 
 ployed in navigating the (hip, were much to be pitied; 
 for, the weather being extremely hot, the (tench of 
 the hiild was loalhfomc beyond conception, and their 
 allowance of water but juft futficient to keep them 
 alive, being only a. pint a day, for each man. It was 
 next to a niir.icic that not a man of them died, during 
 their confinement, except five of the wounded, who 
 cxpiied the very night ihcy were brought ;ibo:\rd the 
 Centurion. Thus circumftanccd, the motives of 
 humanity, as well as interelt, (Irongly urged the com- 
 modore to lialten his return to China ; and the prize 
 being much damaged, both in her hull and rigging 
 it was found ncccdary to take her in tow for a (juickcr 
 dil'patch. 
 
 On the 21ft of June It blew a ftorm, which con- 
 tinu d till the 25tli when the Tea ran mountains high ; 
 in this ftorm the Centurion lod her long-boat, and 
 the prize a launch. 
 
 ()n the 2d of July wc palTed between the Ba(hcc 
 in.mds, tliough the rippling of the fea feemed to in- 
 dicate breakers or rocky ground ; but, the wind bear- 
 ing fo far to th;; northward as to render it difHcult to 
 vrathcr them, we rifqucd the danger to Ihorten the 
 vovagc. On the Xth ol July wc made- the conft of 
 China, and on the nth came to an anchor otT the 
 city Mocio J from thence wc proceeded to the river 
 
 Vol. I. N13. 
 
 of Canton, where wc nut with tlif ufu.il obflriii51ion« 
 from the cultom-houle ollieii ., and v, hi te the cum- 
 modore wai aijain obliged, as it were, lefolulely lo 
 force hit way to his iniciidul (lation. The odicir* 
 who came to take the dum nlions of hi', (hip-, ill the 
 uliial manner, feemul allonilli<il \\\u\\ he lalkul of 
 hi ing exenipleil lioiii the .111 ultoiiuil r.ne-, and gave 
 him to undtiltand, that the emperor's lUily mult bo 
 paiil hy rverv (hip that came into his ports i and the 
 pilot had private iiiltruClions not to carry the (h'p* 
 through the llocca r)gris,or nariow pals thai form* 
 the enlranee into the rner Canton, till feeuiity wa> 
 ;',lven fir the .iciiiilomed charges. 
 
 And h'le it .n.iy be neeill.iiy jult to mention that 
 this p. lis, not nioie th.iii a i|u.Nterofa mile inbie.iddi 
 is del'iiiili .1 by two l\irts on the oppnilte fides; but 
 lliele the lOMiiiiOili.ie diliegaiding, .'iid beirg deter- 
 mined lo enter the river u ilhuiit delnv, as the lloimy 
 leafon w.is approaching, caiiled the pilot to be 
 brought before him, and, in a deti rmii.ed tone, threa- 
 tened to h.ing hiin to the yanl arm, if he did not in- 
 (tanlly take charge of the fliip, and carry her fiiie, 
 without Itriking ground, throu|'h the lioeca Tygris 
 into iiie open liver. The poor nilm perfoimid hiil 
 olhei', but did not eleape punilnni. nt fur what he 
 could nut hel)), lie was iiiH^imly li' /ed, o;i being 
 ri leafed from the Centurion, coiiiniitud to |'rilivii, 
 ind ri ;oroully i|ileiplini.d with the b.jiih'O. Iluw- 
 ever, he found means to get accefs to the tommudorc 
 afterwards, to fupplicate a rtconipenee, who, ever 
 ready toieward the full'erers in his lervite, !»;i\e hiin 
 I'uch a funi as more than contented him for his whip- 
 ping. Nor was the poor pilot the only fuftinr, for 
 the governors ol the forts, were both dilpl.ieed for not 
 preventing vshat it was in valu for them to aitcinpt 
 to oppofe, and lor not doing w hat all the council niulb 
 know was impolTiblc to he dune. 
 
 On the 161I1 the commodore feiit his fecond lieu- 
 tenant to Canton, with a letter to the viceroy, ;iHign- 
 ing his reafon for putting into that port, demanding 
 a licence for piiiehafing provilions and llores, and in- 
 timating an intention of waiting upon his exeelkney 
 ill perfoii to make his ackiiuwlcdgemcnts, Theliiu- 
 teiiant was civilly received, and promiled an anf.^e^ 
 the ne> t day. In the mean lime, the principal odicers 
 of the prize deliied pirmiflioii to go lo Canton on 
 their parole, which was readily granti J 1 thefe no fuoner 
 arrived, tlian they were called I'.linr a mauHlraey 
 and examined ; wlKii they gen''V'.illy and fr.inki) .le- 
 knowledged, that tliiy III.' into the h.nids oi liic 
 commodore by the chance ot war, and though they 
 were prifoneis, they were notwiihlt.iiuling at liheitv to 
 treat for their reUa'e ; they (aid fanlur, that iho' it w as 
 not the cultom among European nations to put pri- 
 foners to death ; yet that the laws of war auiliorifed 
 much leverer treatment than they had hitherto met 
 with fiom tlicir coiinuerors. This confellion from an 
 enemy h.;d great weight with the Chinefe, who, till 
 then, thougli theyh.id reviewed the commodore's naval 
 force, had yet fufpectcd his morals, and li.id confidered 
 him rather as a lawlcfs free-hooter, than as one com- 
 miflloncd by the (late for the revenge of public injur its. 
 On the 20th of July, three man Jarincs with thvir 
 retinue came on board, and brought the viceroy's puniit 
 for a daily fupply of provifions, and for piluts to carry 
 the (hip up the river as high as the I'econd bar ; and, 
 at llie fame time, they deli\ered a mellage (rom the 
 viceroy, in anfwer to that par: of the commodore's 
 letter which related to vifiting his excellency, thefub- 
 (tance of which inertagcwas. That the viceroy willuj 
 the commoilore to defer his vifit till the hot fcafon was 
 over; but that in September, when the weather would 
 be more tempoiate, he (hould be glad to receive him. 
 This the commodore looked upon as a tinefl'e, know- 
 iiiB an cxprcfs was fcnt up to the emperor's court at 
 PcTcin 1 whence the real motive for putting otF the 
 vifit feemed to be to gain time to receive the emperor's 
 indruJlions concerning the ceremony to be olilerved 
 at his reception. The mandarines, having difpatched 
 this part of their commiflion, next entered upon the 
 O o bufiiK'ls 
 
 <74» 
 
•38 
 
 THE VOYAGE OP" 
 
 1742 bufincfsofthe port charges ; whereupon the commo- 
 
 ^^ ' <lorc at once cut them ftiort, by telling them that as 
 
 he dill not come to trade, he was not to be treated 
 upon the fame tooting with trading Ihips ; that his 
 Britannic Majcdy's ftips never paid cuftoms in the 
 ports of Kuropc, nor ever would be fubjedl to pccuni- 
 du'e rctunto ^'■y impoft' '" any <"her port whatever. Finding 
 pay cuUoins. nothing to be gained on this head, they told the 
 commodore, that they had ftill another matter in 
 char^i', and that was the a-leafe of the prifoners 
 taken on board the galleon, for that the emperor 
 would never permit the fubjedtsof princes with whom 
 he was in alliance, to be held in bondage in his do- 
 minions, nor could the viceroy anfwer it to his fo- 
 vcrcign, if he fuffered it ; and that therefore his cy- 
 ccllency hoped that the commodore would give im- 
 mediate orders for their releafe. Though nothing 
 could be more agreeable to the commodore, who 
 wanted much to be rid of the incumbrance, than 
 this rcquifition, yet to inhancc the favour, he at firll 
 r.iifcd difficulties, but at length fuftercd himfelf to be 
 prevailed upon by their intrcaties, and concluded, 
 bv alluring them, that, to (hew his rcadinefs to 
 oblige, he would deliver up the prifoners whenever 
 the viceroy would order bouts to fetch them. Mat- 
 ters being thus adjuftcd, the mandarines departed ; and, 
 in a few days, two Chincfe junks were fent from 
 Canton to carry them to Mocao, under the direction 
 ot one Captain Kial, commander of a Spanilh nicr- 
 c!.a:it-man, to whole (hip we gave chace in our paf- 
 ("a^e from the Bafliee lllaiuls to Mocao, but loft fight 
 of her in the ni_!;ht. 
 
 To this gentleman the genera! of the galleon, and 
 all his officers, except one who accompanied us to 
 Kn^land, were delivered up. And now I have occa 
 (ion to mention the general, I cannot help relating an 
 art'air which gave us on board the prize a great deal of 
 concern, and fuificiently (hewed the meanncfs of his 
 f, ''it, and his beggarly craft. I have already taken 
 r.<;i'ce of his being wounded in the engagement, and 
 t;i his being indulged with the ufe of his own cabin 
 til! he was tit to be removed. The commodore, over 
 and above t'liis indulgenc-.-, lent him a fuigcon from 
 his own ihip, upon a c<.mplaint that the Spanini fiir- 
 pron or. board the galleon was quite ignorant in his 
 prot'edion ; but at the fame time he lint an officer to 
 demand his commiflion. Pretending tothis officer that 
 he was iiiKible to move, lie referred him to a fmall 
 box in the locker of his private cabin, in which, he 
 f.iiJ, it was, and likewife a l\void-belt let with dia- 
 monds of great value, his own property : hut, upon 
 fearch, neither the comniiffion nor belt could be found, 
 sine!, as lomc of our people had been rummaging both 
 that and the other parts of the (hip, he pioteltcd, that, 
 if thi-y could not be there found, they mull have been 
 taken away and concealed. Under colour of this 
 concealnv.iit, though he nevrT produced his commil- 
 linn, he all along received the moll humane and gen- 
 tleuLinlike treatment, that the moft worthy officer 
 could d..rrc or expect, and luch was continued till 
 his depirturc, when neither his cbcltn, of which he 
 had two vcrv lar^gc ones, nor any of his trunks or 
 cafes were futfered to be feaa-hed, but every thing that 
 he el.iinied as his perl'onal effects were delivered to him 
 with ihe grcatel! care and punctuality ; though, as I 
 was aftcrivarls infonneil, he had manvvaluable ven- 
 tures concealed, whieli ought to have been delivered 
 up .IS prize to tlie captcrs ; but, that was never exa- 
 mined into, he carried them oft' with the relt, and, it 
 waifuppofed, was not the lealt among the gainers by 
 th • capture of his Oiip. lie perfilted, however, to the 
 lalt, in the lofs of his commilTion and belt, and, 
 thoiiith there were none on board on whom h' could 
 charge the theft, yet the commodore fufficiently cx- 
 prefl'ed his difpleafurc againft the whole crew, by the 
 prohibition he laid upon us, asfoonasthe prize came to 
 an anchor in the river, by which all communication 
 was cut off between us and the country people, and 
 no boat furi'ered to come near us but our own, hy which 
 (c/crc order we wireenlirtly debarred from purchafing 
 7 I 
 
 our own provifions and ncccfTaries from the Chineft, 
 which the people in the Centurion were at full liberty 
 to do, neither could wc employ theChinefe tradelmcii 
 to fupply us with apparel, of which we ftood greatly 
 in need, though in that too the Centurion's people 
 were indulged ; and all this for no other reafon, ever 
 afTigned than that the commodore was determined 
 the fccreter (hould have no opportunity of difpofing 
 of them without being difcovered. Had this precau- 
 tion been taken as it ought, for the fatisfai^f ion of thufe 
 futFering under the leverity of the cenfure j and hati 
 the cft'etSts of the Spani(h general been propenly in- 
 fpedted, the fecrcter would l;ave been publicly cx- 
 pofed ; for when wc afterwards fell down to Mocao 
 with the (hips, where we fold the prize, I was my- 
 felf told by an Irifli pricft that the general had both 
 hisconimimon and his belt, that he made no fecrct of 
 the matter at Mocao, and that he had offered the jewels 
 (made up only by way of blind) among the merchants 
 for fale. 
 
 During our ftay in the river Canton, our people 
 were employed in repairing the Centurion, overhaul- 
 ing her fails and rigging ; alfo in ventilating her 
 decks and quarters below, and in paying and deco- 
 rating her hull j infomuch that when (he came to fail, 
 (lie had more the appearance of a (hip newly fitted 
 out, than of one that had been a three years voyage 
 round the globe. While thcfe things were doing in 
 the Centurion, wc on board the prize were bufied 
 in rummaging for treafure, till about the latter end 
 of Auguft, when we made a full end of our fearcli, 
 and found, upon account of the captors, 1,278,5+6 
 dollars in fpecie, and 1,324 of wrought plate and vir- 
 gin filver. The jewels found were not then valued. 
 While the inferior officers and feamen were thus em- 
 ployed, the commodore had a (till more important bu- 
 llncfs in hand. He knew it was impoffible for us to 
 proceed to Kurope, without an am|ile fupply of pro- 
 vifions and other i'ca (lores ; and though v\e were fur- 
 nifhed vitli a daily allowance, yet no order h,ad Iven 
 obtained for victualling us for our intended voyage. 
 Application had indeed been made, and terms agreed 
 upon with the contractors to furnifli whatever was 
 ncccfl'ary ; and thcv had the viceroy's perniifTion for 
 the delivery; hut when, a!)Oiit the middle of Septem- 
 ber the jiroper officer was lent to inquire in what for- 
 wardncls thcfe things were, he found that the baker 
 had not begun to bake the bread, nor the butcher to 
 kill the oxen ; nor was the lead (Icp taken to comply 
 with any one article of the agrf^ment. Wc could 
 no otherwife account for this faithlefs procedure of 
 the Chinefe, 'ban by fuppofiiig they meant to (tarve 
 us into a compliance with their accultomcd demands 
 for port charges, with which the commcKlore was 
 determined never to acquiefcc Indeed it was fiifpeclcd 
 that the contractors themfelvcs had fomc intercfl in 
 promoting the delay, thougli it was not eafy to pene- 
 trate the views by which they were influenced, as it 
 may with truth be aflertcd, that in artifice, falfehood, 
 and attachment' to all kinds of lucre, the Chinefe, as 
 a nation, are not to be parallelled by any other people 
 under the fun. It were endlefs to recount all the ar- 
 tifices, extortions, and frauds, which were pradtifcd 
 on the commodore and his people by this Interefted 
 race. The method of buying provifions in China 
 being by weight, the tricks made ufe of to make them 
 heavy, were almo(t incredible. At one time a number 
 of fowls and ducks being brought for the (liip's (tore, 
 thegreateft part of them picfcntly died, which fpread 
 a general alarm on board, for fear they (houKI have 
 died of poifon ; but, on examination, it was difco- 
 vered that they had crammed them with fmall (tones 
 and gra'.'cl, to incrcal'e their weight. The hogs too 
 bought of the Chinefe ready killed were found to have 
 water injcdled irto the carcafes for the fame purpofe, 
 and when, to avoid this cheat, the hogs were bought 
 alive, it was found that fait had been given them to in- 
 creafc th.ir third, and methods ufed to fupprefs tliiir 
 urine, and that the tortured animals had been fold in that 
 inflated (late, — Mr. Walter adds, That as the Chinefe 
 
 never 
 
COMMODORE ANSON. 
 
 139 
 
 never fcrupleto eat thtTc nnimals that die of them- 
 felvcs, they contrived by their fccrct practices when 
 the commoJorc put tofca, that part of his live ftock 
 Ihould die in a Ihort time after it was put on board. 
 In order, therefore to make a fecond prufit of the dead 
 carcafes, which they cxpcftcd would be thrown over- 
 board, they followed in boats, to pick up the carrion ; 
 and accordingly two thirds of the hog'- dying, before 
 the fhip was out of fight, their labour could nut be 
 in vain. 
 
 The treachery of the contraftors being now dif- 
 covercd, the commodore determined to renew his 
 former requifition for an audience with the viceroy. 
 With this view, he notified his intentions to the pro- 
 per mandarine, and deflrcd he would fix the time with 
 the viceroy when he would be picafed to receive him j 
 at the fame time giving him to underftand that, on the 
 firft of October he intended to proceed in his boat to 
 Canton. The mandarine returned for anfwcr. That 
 he would make the viceroy acquainted with his inten- 
 tions. 
 
 As it was apprehended that the pa-'ment of the cuf- 
 tomary duties would be demanded nc this interview, 
 the commodore took the neceffary precautions to pre- 
 vent the Chinefe from facilitating the fuccefs of their 
 pretentions by having him in their power at Canton, 
 and therefore gave the command of the Centurion to 
 his firft lieuteuant, Mr. Brett, (now Sir Piercy) with 
 orders if he Aiould be detained, to lie at the mouth of 
 the river, and to fuffcr no boat or fllip to pafs or re- 
 pafs till he was rcleafed. This being known to the 
 Chinefe, they were now more embarrafled than ever 
 in their deliberations. On the morning of the firft 
 of 0(3ober the boat's crew, to the number of 18, 
 whom the commodore intended to take with him, ap- 
 peared in their uniform, confifting of fcarict jackets 
 and blue lilk w.iiftcoats, the whole trimmed with fil- 
 vcr, havinc; .tITo filvcr b.idgcs on their jackets and 
 caps. JiiU at this time Mr. Anfon's linguift came 
 to him from the mandarine, to tell him that a letter 
 had been received from the viceroy, defiring the com- 
 modore to defer his intended purpofe for two or tlircc 
 days, the men were ordered to be undrefled, and the 
 preparations were all laid aficle. But, in the after- 
 noon of the fame d.iy, another linguift came on board, 
 fcemingly in a great panic, to "inform him tliat the 
 viceroy had expe£^cd him up that dav ; that the 
 council had been aftcmbled, ami the troops put under 
 arms to receive him j and ;illb that the viceroy, highly in- 
 ccnfed at thcdilappoiiitnuiit, had fent the commodore's 
 linguift to prifon, fuppuliiv^ him to be the folc caufe 
 of this contempt. This plaulibic talc gave the com- 
 modore great uneafinef';, at th.it time, not fufpedting 
 any oppofition : and though it aftc-rwards appeared to 
 be all a farce, yet the falfehood was (ii well fiipported 
 by the artifices of the Cliinefe merchants, that the 
 coinmodore read a letter three afterwards fiirned 
 
 by all the fupeicargocs of the I lifti ftiips then at 
 the plate, exprefling their anxiety about what had 
 happened, and intimating their fears that fome infiilt 
 would be offered to his boat, if he attempted to come 
 to Canton before the viceroy was fully fatisfied of the 
 miftake. To this letter the commodore replied. That 
 he did not believe there had been a miftake, but was 
 perfuadcd it was a forgery of the Chinefe, to prevent 
 his vifiting the viceroy, and that therefore he would 
 certainly come up to Canton on the 13th of Otftoher, 
 confident that the Chinefe would not dare to offer him 
 any infult, as well knowing he ftioiild neither want 
 the power nor inclination to make them a proper re- 
 turn. Accordingly, on the day appointed, the com- 
 modore continuing firm to his refolutions, all the 
 fiipercargoes of the Englifli, Danifb, and Swedifti 
 (hips came on board the Centurion, to accompany 
 him to Canton, for which place he fct out in his barge 
 the fame day, attended by his own bo.its, and by thofc 
 of the tr.iding veflcls, which, on this occafion, were 
 fcnt to augment his retinue. As he pafFed by VVam- 
 po, where the European veftl-ls lay, he was filuted 
 by all of them except the French ; and in the even- 
 
 ing he arrived fafc at Canton. Tlic Chinefe mer- 1742 
 
 chants, who afFefled to appear very much pical'ed V' » ^ 
 
 that he met with no oppofition in his way, pretended 
 
 that the viceroy was then fully employed in preparing 
 
 his difpatches for Pekin, that there was no getting 
 
 admittance to him, but that they had cng:i,;ed one of 
 
 the officers of his court, as foon as he was at leilure, 
 
 to notify the commodore's arrival, and endeavour to fix 
 
 the time of audience. Though Mr. Anfon knew this 
 
 to be a fiilfehood, yet he fuffcred himfelf to be perfuaded 
 
 by the F^uropeaii fupercargoes not to appear to doubt 
 
 it, provided the Chinefe merchants would undertake 
 
 that his bread ftiould be baked, and all his ftorcs in 
 
 rcadinefs within forty days ; after which time if the 
 
 Icaft article was forgotten, he would force his way to 
 
 the viceroy, and prefer his complaint. 
 
 During the interval; while the contraftors .vereen- A fire at Can- 
 deavouring in carneft to fulfil the terms of the agree- '"".J^'j'I" 
 ment on their part, (which however they '"''ftcd |"'*i,'^ * '' 
 ftiould be paid for in advance on his) a fire broke out 
 in the fuburbs of Canton, which, on the firft alarm 
 being fpread, might eafily have been cxtinguilhed by 
 pulling down fome of the adjoining Iheds ; which the 
 commodore with his officers and crew obfcrving, were 
 about inftantly to carry into execution ; bi;t they were 
 told that whatever they pulled dowa they mu(t build 
 up again at their own expence, and that none but a 
 mandarine muft prefumc to direct upon lu li occafion?. 
 On receiving this admonition, the coivnii.dore dil- 
 patched his people to the Englifh fachuy, toafTill his 
 countrymen there in fecuriiig their t-dlct^, a^ it w.is . 
 eafy to conclude no diftance was fafe from fire where 
 the common people contented themfclves with gazing 
 at it, and now and then holding u|i an idol byway of 
 e^tinguifliing it. At length a mandarine came out of 
 the city with fourorfive hundred firemen, » iio made 
 fome feeble efforts to pull down the neighbouring 
 houfi's, but by this time the fire extended itl'clf", and 
 had fpread among the merchants warehouf'es, where 
 the Chinefe firemen had neither fpirit nor fkill to en- 
 counter it ; fo thai it was feared the whole city would 
 have been laid in .aflics. In this emergency the vice- 
 roy vouchfafed to make his appearance j and a mel- 
 f.ige was fent to the commodore requefting his alTift- 
 ance. Accordingly he haftened a fecond time with 
 about forty of his men to the place where the fire raged 
 with the gieateft violence ; and they, in the fight of 
 the whole city, performed fuch daring, and to the 
 people who beheld them fuch aftonifhing feats, that 
 they looked upon their guefts as falamanders, and cried 
 out that they could live in the fire. In reality, it was 
 no uncommon thing to fee fome of the boldeft and 
 moft aftive among the Englifli, tumble on the roofs, 
 amidft the ruins of the houfes which their own ef- 
 forts had brought down under them. And thus, by 
 their agility, the fire was very foon fubducd, to the 
 aftonifhment of the Chinefe, who were fpcflators of 
 the wonders which they performed. The Swcdifh 
 was the only faftory that fuftercd on this occafion, 
 though an .account widely different was afterwards 
 given in the Paris Gazei.,:. 
 
 This fignal affiftnnce gained the Englifh com- 
 mander much refpect. He was the next clay waited 
 on by the principal inhabitants with prefenf, and 
 thanks ; and, foon after, a mcflligc came from the 
 viceroy, appointing the 30th of November for the 
 day of^audience. Being highly plealed with this luft 
 intimation, Mr. Anfon, inftantly gave orders for the 
 neceffary preparations, and engaged Mr. I'llnt, a 
 gentleman belonging 10 the Englifh factory, for his 
 interpreter, who having been trained up from his in- 
 fancy among the Chinefe, fpoke their language flu- 
 ently, and who was not afraid to deliver with bold- 
 nefs what the commodore gave him in cliargc, a part 
 which the Chinefe interpreters would not have dared 
 to perform with equal fidelity. 
 
 On the day appointed, the commodore and his re- 
 tinue fet out ; and, as he entered the outer gates of 
 the city he was met by a guard of 200 foldiers, that 
 conducted him to the great parade before the emperor'* 
 
 palace, 
 
140 
 
 THE VOYAGE OF 
 
 >743 
 
 The commo- 
 tliMc lias an 
 auJicncc (it' 
 the viceroy. 
 
 Enlace, in which the viceroy then refided, where a 
 ody of troops to the number of 10,000 were drawn 
 up under arms, who made a fine appearance, being 
 all new cloathcd for this ceremony. Through the 
 middle of thefe the commodore marched with liis re- 
 tinue to the hall of audience, where he found the 
 viceroy fcatcd under a canopy, in tlie emperor's chair 
 of itatc, with all his council of mandarines attend- 
 ing. He was feated the third in order from the vice- 
 roy, the chiefs of the law and treafury being the only 
 perfons placid above. Mr. Anfun then addrefling 
 the viceroy, by his interpreter, complained of the 
 dilavs which he had met with, enumerating the in- 
 fnictrity of thofe whom he had employed, the various 
 impxfitions of the officers of the culloms ; the griev- 
 ances of tlie Britilh fubjedls ; and, finally, mentioned 
 the lofs fufiaincd by the Ilallingtitld Imiiaman, which 
 had arrived there dilinalkd but a few days before the 
 fire h;ippened, by which the crew h.id been great 
 furtcrt r>, and the captain in particular, who hail lofl 
 a chelf of treafure, of the value of 4500 tahcl. To 
 the latter article, the commodore received for anl'wer. 
 That in fettling the emi>eror's culloms with that fliip, 
 the Captain (hould be conlidered. To the other com- 
 plaints the commodore received no anfwer. Having 
 now gone through the fevcral articles which he had in 
 cliarge from the company, he next entered upon his 
 own artairs, and particularly concerning the licence to 
 fliip otK his provilions and llnrcs, which he faid were 
 all ready, and the leal'on forl'ailing now fct in. The 
 viceroy replied to this. That the licence ftiuuld be 
 immediately iliuid, and that every thing Ihnuld be or- 
 dered oil board the following day. The bufinefs be- 
 in^ now at an end the vie -my continued the convcr- 
 fatioii f-ir Ibinc lime on ililterence and ciiriofity ; and, 
 after ol)i'erving that the Centurion had been long on 
 the coalt, he concluded with acknowledgments for the 
 fer\ ices which the commodore had rendered the Clii- 
 Jiel'e, I1V tlie activity of his people at the late fire, and 
 vitli wiihing him a good voyage to Great Britain. 
 
 I'lius h;ip])ily concluded this lonj expected audi- 
 ence J and, III purfuance of the viceroy's promifes, 
 the provifions were begun tobefliipped the very next 
 day. And now all the preparations for putnni; to 
 lea were purfucd w ith fo iiuich expedition, that by the 
 5th, the Centurion and the prize were ready to un- 
 moor j on the ictli, they |)alii.'d through the Uocca 
 Tygris into the open road, and, on the 12th anchored 
 belore tlie town of Mocao. \Vhile they lay there, 
 the Poriiiguefe merehants inleied into tii.itywitli tin 
 commodore tor the |Hircliafe of the prize, lor which 
 they would i;ive no nioic th.in toco doll.-.rs, though 
 worth doulilc that fum : but the impatience of Air. 
 Anfon to lie gone, that he niiuht hinilelf he the mel'- 
 I'eiiuer of his o.^n gooil lortuiie, and thereby prevent 
 thicnterpriles of me enemy to intercciit him, pre- 
 vailtil upon him to conclude the bargain j and (he he- 
 ir/.'; iVIivered on the 15th of iJccenilicr, and the mo- 
 jiey received in ihe afternoon of the fame day, he 
 hoilled tail, ajiu took his departure fur his native 
 country. 
 
 On the -jd of January he came to an anchor at 
 Prince's Ki.md, in the ilrei;;hts of Sunda, and, on 
 the 8th wei;."hed, and continued his couife. From 
 tliis time till th>' 23d, we had foul and ftormy w ea- 
 th'r; and the wind blowing againft us, we were 
 driven pretty nenr the co:ift of New Holland ; and 
 lirid it coatiiuied blowing in the fame diieeiion for 
 4H hours longer, we fhou'.d have found it difficult 
 to have clean d the co„ll i but on the 21ft the wind 
 aljatcd, aJid the weather became moderate. On the 
 24tli the trade-wind ftt in, and then we proceeded on 
 our pi'lfage with the greatelt alaciity. On the 24th 
 ol I'lb.uary, at half aUi r four in the morning, I dif- 
 coverexi a cor. u to the ealtward, near the horizon, 
 beiiii', as I judgeil, lately emerged from the fun's 
 r.<v'. Its tail was at this time about ten degrees in 
 leiiath 1 hut in LTs than a fortnight, it increaled, and 
 cxtuuliJ illilf to near 40 degrees. Its head appeared 
 very Urge and bii^hti and, on a nice itiiucction, I 
 
 have perceived it when the fun has been about half itt 
 diameter above the horizon. The next time 1 ob- 
 lerved its diftancc from the planet Venus, to be afa' 
 50' following the order of the planets ; but not having 
 inftruments fit for taicinu altitudes without a very ob- 
 vious fcnfible horizon, fwas prevented from makiiia; 
 more fatisfaclory obfsrvations. From this time till 
 the 6th of March, we had pleafant weather with few 
 exceptions, but on that and the three following days, 
 being near the Cape of Good Hope, we had fome 
 boilterous ilorms j yet, when we arrived at Table- 
 Bay, on the I Ith, the Dutch knew not that any fuch 
 had happened. We found riding here two tnglifli 
 Eaft-lniliamcn, the Salifbury and Warwick, each of 
 which falutcd us with thirteen guns, and we returned 
 eleven. We alfo found five Dutch fliips, one of which 
 as admiral, having a flag at his main top-mall lie.ad, 
 faluted us with nine guns, and we returned feven. 
 At eleven at night we parted our beft bower cable 
 and hawfer, both of which were very rotten, and the 
 next day moored again with others purchafed from the 
 Dutch. Here the commodore continued till the be- 
 ginning of April, highly delighted with the place, 
 and during his ftay entered 40 new men. Having 
 completed the taking in of our water and provifions 
 on the third of May, we weighed anchor. On the 
 19th we p.iil'ed w'thin fight of St. Helena, which 
 however, we did iu)t vifitj and, on the 26th we caught 
 on board a fnakc that mcafurcd fix feet two inches in 
 length, which our furgeon on examination, pronounced 
 to be perfeiSly harmlefs ; this ferpcnt was fuppofed to 
 have been brought on board with our wood, at Prince's 
 Idand, in the freights of Sunda. Being before the 
 wind on the 30th, with a fine breeze and a gentle 
 rain, a violent and fuddcn fquall took us a-head, 
 which threw »ll the fails a-back, carried awav our fore 
 top-fail yard, fplit the fore-fail, fore top-fail, and 
 fore top-gallant fail, as alio the mizzen and mizzeii 
 top-fail. During this fiiuall, the fliip lay down vciy 
 much, and We were in the utnioll danger of our malls 
 coming by the bo.ird ; bul, providentially, wcefcaped 
 without farther damage. 
 
 On the ()th of June, it being a thick fog, on a 
 fudden, wefjwa lhi]>clofeby u^, find a ihot and 
 brought her to. She proved to be an Kngliih Ihip 
 from Amlleidam, bound for Noilli America, with Pa- 
 latine emigrants j after having given us the firll no- 
 tice of a war, flic proceeded on her voyage. 
 
 We came into (buildings on the loih, and on the 
 lltli, at half pall eleven in the moiniiig, dilcovertd 
 three fail, one of which we fpoke with, at one in the 
 afternoon, which proved to be a Dutch vedel from 
 Dublin : at the f.inie tiiiio, the fecond being pretty 
 near us, (hewed Duti.li colours. The third, whicn 
 had been in chace of thefe two the w hole day, per- 
 ceiving that v\c ilefigned to fpeak with hir, flood from 
 us with all the fail ihe could crowd. We gave her 
 ch.ice for .about three hours, when, finding wS did not 
 gain upon her, we relumed our former courfc. On 
 the 1 2th, in the morning, tlic fog clearing up, we 
 perceived the Lizard Point j but that the iignal pe- 
 rils which had (b often threatened us, and from 
 whence v.c had more than once been providentially 
 delivered, might be dilcovtrable to the la(l, as we 
 were afterwards told, theie was a French fleet of coii- 
 fiderable force cruifiiig in the chops of ihcchanml, 
 through the middle of which we had failed this night 
 unperceived. On the I3tl>, between Portland and the 
 Ifle of Wight we fawa fliip towing another which was 
 ilifabled in her malls. The former proved to be the 
 Salamander privateer, the latter, a French prize, 
 which fhe h.id taken. We anchored on the 14th, at 
 eleven in the morning, at the back of the Ifle of 
 Wight, and in the evening weighed, and again an- 
 chored at Spithcad, after having been three years and 
 nine months abfent from England. 
 
 Thus ended Mr. Anfon's voyage, the chief fuccefs of 
 which was the taking of the Manilla Ihip, and which, 
 how ever well conducted by the commodore, by no means 
 aiifwcrcd (lie cnUt for which it wan at firll nropofed. 
 
 With 
 
V 
 
 COMMODORE ANSON. 
 
 HI 
 
 „cf. 
 
 pcr- 
 
 loin 
 
 Kcr 
 
 not 
 
 On 
 
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 lum 
 
 Wiih regard to the Wager floop, which we have 
 already mentioned as having been feparated from the 
 (quadron, wc have the following account : Captain 
 Cheap, who commanded the velTel, knowing the im- 
 portance of the charge which he had in truit, with- 
 out which no cntcrprize of importance on (hore could 
 be undertaken, was extremely folicitous to reach Bal- 
 divia, the laft place of rendezvous and tlie firft to be 
 attacked, before the fquadron fhould have finiflied the 
 cruife, that no blame might reft upon him if the at- 
 tack of the city (hould be rendered improper to be 
 carried into execution. But while he was exerting 
 himfcif to keep clear of the land, in making the 
 Ifland del Soccoro, he had the misfortune todillocate 
 his flioulder, and thereby to difable himfcif from pro- 
 fc-cuting with vigour the defign that he had in view. 
 The (hip being little better than a wreck ; the offi- 
 cers quite cxhaufted, the weather cold, and ftormy, 
 the crew in a miferable defponding condition, and the 
 currents bearing ftrongly in fliore ; all thefe cir- 
 cumftances concurring, fo intanglcd the fllip with 
 the land, that all the efforts of her feeble crew could 
 not prevent her from running upon a funken rock, 
 where (he grounded, between two fmall iflands not 
 a mufquet inot from the Ihore. She continued en- 
 tire in this fttuation fo lone that all who were on board 
 might have reached the land in fafety, and ftored them- 
 felvcs with provifions, and every necefliiry for their 
 prefent fubfiftcnce, and future efcape ; but the mo- 
 ment the fllip ftruck, all fubordination ceafed ; one 
 part of the crew got poffeflion of the liquors, intoxi- 
 cated themfelvcs, and grew frantic in their cups ; 
 another part began to furnifh themfelves with arms, 
 and to make themfelves mafters of the money and 
 things of moft value, on board ; while the captain 
 and fomeof the principal officers endeavoured, in vain, 
 to maintain tlieir authority, and to prefcrve a proper 
 difcipline, in order to efteft th- 'Mivrrance of as 
 many as poffible from the comn.on trer, in which 
 all were involved. Butthemui.' '^^ ^fitionthat 
 
 prevailed rendered incfFcftual f i for their 
 
 prcfcrvation. Thofe who rcmai ; •. .; jfTcflion of 
 the fllip and her llorcs pointed the Odnnon, and fired 
 at thofe who had gained the land. The latter party, 
 on the other hand, grew riotous for want of pro- 
 vifions i but what completed the fcene of confufion 
 was, that a midfhipman, named Cozens, who had 
 bufied himfcif in oppofition to all good, government, 
 was, by the captain fliot dead upon the Ipot. [I'hc 
 occafion of this adlion is varioufly related; but ac- 
 cording to the beft accounts, the captain conflderlng 
 the fituation of affairs could not be juftly blamed for 
 his feverity.] However that might be, the confcqucncc 
 of Cozens's death was thcabcHition of every uiadow 
 of remaining order. The idea of fubfervicncy ccafcd, 
 and all thought of nothing but fliifting for themfelvcs, 
 as opportunity offered, or circumftances would ad- 
 mit.*] Of about 130 perfons t'lat reached the (horc, 
 30 died upon the place. About 80 others, having 
 converted the long boat into a fchooner, failed to the 
 fouthwnrd .attended by the cutier. Thcfc being dif- 
 trcffed for provifions, in doubling Cape Home, on 
 their return, and having loft the cutter in a ftorm, 
 fuffered innumerable hardftiips in their courfe to the 
 coaft of Brafil, where only 30 of the crew arrived to 
 give an account of the miferable fate of their com- 
 panions, fcvcral of whom had died of hunger, others 
 aefiri-d to be fet on ftiore, and fome beginning to be 
 mutinous, they landed nnddefertcd. Of 19 that were 
 left behind on Wagcrlflaiid,with the Captain, 16 em- 
 barked on board the barge and yawl, anct attempted to 
 cfcapcto the northward ; of thelc,oncwas drowned in 
 the vawl, and four were left on a dcfart part of the 
 coal^, where moll probably they pcrifhed. The ele- 
 ven reniaininz afterafruitlefs attempt to \\e:Mher Cape 
 Vol. I. N" 13. 
 
 1:66 
 
 Trefmontes were forced to return to Wngcr Illanil, 
 from whence they had firft fct out j where niirting " v ' ' 
 with a Chilean Indian, who could fpcalc a little 
 Spanifh, they agreed with him to pilot tlitin to Chiloe; 
 but after coafting along for four days, the ca]itaiii and 
 his officers being on Ihore, five in number, the other 
 fix pcrfuaded the Indian to put to fea without them ; 
 by which perfidy the remaining fix were nJuccd to 
 the fad ncceffity of travelling near 600 miles, fomc- 
 times by land, and fometimcs by water ; till at length, 
 after a variety of misfortunes and hardftiips, four of 
 them, viz. Captain Cheap, the Hon. Mr. Byron, 
 [who lately went round the world, and whofe voyage the 
 reader will find related in the following fhcets.] Mr. 
 Hamilton, and Mr. Campbell arrived at Chiloe, and 
 were there treated very humanely by the Spaniards. 
 From thence they were fcnt firft to Valparaifo, and 
 afterwards to St. lago, the capital of Chiloe, where 
 they remained above a twelvemonth. On advice of a 
 cartel being eftabliftied, Captain Cheap, Mr. Byron, 
 and Mr. Hamilton were allowed to return to Europe ; 
 and Mr. Campbell, who, in the mean time, had 
 changed his religion, embarked for Spain. However, 
 as he did not there meet with fuch encouragement as 
 he expcfled, he returned foon after to his native 
 country, where he publifhed an account of his ad- 
 ventures. 
 
 In order to fulfil our other promife we fliall now Fate nf Ailmi- 
 ^relent the reader with an account of what befcl thc"^^' •*''»""'» 
 fquadron of the Spanifli admiral Pifarro, which ftood 'l""'"'"" 
 a very good chance of defeating the intention with 
 which Mr. Anfon's was fitted out, but from a num- 
 ber of concurring circumftances, failed in the at- 
 tempt, experiencing nothing but a variety of misfor.^ 
 tunes and difappointmcnts. 
 
 This fquadron confifted of the following fliips : 
 The Afia, of 66 guns and 700 men, commanded by 
 Don Jofeph Pifarro, as admiral ; the Guipufcoa, of 
 64 guns and 700 men ; the Hcrmionc, of 54. guns and 
 500 men ; the Efperanza, of 40 guns and 450 men ; 
 the Eftevan, of 40 guns and 350 men ; and a patachc 
 of 20 guns and 120 men. And, befides this comple- 
 ment they had on board an old Spanifli regiment of 
 foot, intended to reinforce their garrifons in the South 
 Seas, and to counterbalance the land forces which 
 they well knew were intended to be fent out with 
 commodore Anfon. 
 
 The Spanifli admiral having gained the latitude of 
 Madeira, cruifcd for fome time to the eaftwaid of 
 that ifland, till, feeing nothing of the Englifli fleet, 
 he determined to purfue his inftruflions, and hold 
 on his courfe to the South Seas. Had he cruifcd to 
 the weftward, the two fleets muft have met, and had 
 they engaged, it is moft probable, that which ever 
 way fortune h,id inclined, the commodore would not 
 have been in a proper condition to profecute his in- 
 tended voyage. 
 
 But matters fell out otherwife and Pifarro, difap- 
 pointed in his expeditions, ftood for the Brafilian 
 coaft, quitting his ftation oft" the Madeiras in the be- 
 ginning of November, and arrived at the river Plata 
 on the 5th of January following, when, coming to an 
 anchor in the bay of Maldando, he immediately lent for 
 afupply to Buenos Ayres. It was here that by means 
 of the Portuguefe governor of St. Catherine's, he re- 
 ceived intelligence of the arrival of the commodore at 
 that port, and of the condition he was then in. Pi- 
 farro, however, made no other ufc of this informa- 
 tion than endeavouring to be beforehand with Mr. 
 Anfon, in doubling the Cajie, intending, if he could 
 firft enter the South Seas, effcdlually to alarm the coaft, 
 and fo far ftrcngthen the forts as to render vain all 
 the projefted attacks of the Englifli in thofe parts, 
 and entirely to deprive them of the means of procur- 
 ing what was neccflary for their fubfiftence. His 
 P P precautions 
 
 * It is not a little rcmarkibU: tlut the pl.tce where the Wa- 
 ger Druck, was fo near that where the Anne pink found fhelicr, 
 u liu keen already related, that the Wagcr'a people were even 
 
 within hearing of the Anne's morning and evening gun!, and 
 yet never tliought of following tlw found, or cxuninin|; from 
 what vcflcl it frcccedcd. 
 
 .:^- 
 ■^-m' 
 

 14a 
 
 THE VOYAGE OF 
 
 744 
 
 precautions, however, proved iiieffvAual ; the com- 
 modore, hud put to lea four days before him, and 
 in fomc part ot' the palTage round the cnpe, the fleets 
 were fo near each other, that the Pearl being fcparated 
 from the rcll of tlic Knglllh fleet, by a liorm, was 
 near being decoyed by Admiral I'ifarro, as has already 
 been related. At that temjieftuous fcafon it was with 
 the utmoil difliculty, and not without the promife of 
 great rewards that the Spanifli failors were prevailed 
 on to attempt their pafTage round Cape Home. By 
 the latter end of Febniary, however, they had run 
 the length of the cape, and when turning to the welt- 
 ward, a llorm arofe wherein the Guipulcoa, Hcrmi- 
 oiie, and Efpcranv.a loll fight of the admiral ; and, 
 on the 6th of March, the Ciuipufcoa was feparatcd 
 fiom the other two. The Itorm increafingon the 7th 
 of March, drove the fquadron, in fpitcofall theircftbrts, 
 to the eallward, and at lalt fcrceil them to Brafil. 
 The Afia (hcltered herfelf in the river Plata, and was 
 joined by the Efperan/.a, and Eftivan, about the 
 middle of May. As to the Hcrmione it was fuppofcd 
 that flic had foundered at fea ; and the Guipufcoa was 
 run on fliorc and funk on the Brafilian coalh I'he 
 patachc had been condemned before they quitted 
 Brafil the firtt time, and her crew diltrib'.ited among 
 the other fliips ; fo that only three veflcls now re- 
 mained of the fix which had fet out on this expedi- 
 tion, and thefe three were in a moft wretched fitua- 
 tion. For though the Spaniaids had not experienced 
 luch dreadful efit<Ss from the I'eurvy, yet thc>' were 
 reduced to the grcatell diftrels by famine, inlorouch 
 that they caught r.itj for food, which Ibid at four 
 dollars apiece.* 
 
 About this time a confpiracy broke out amen" the 
 foldiers on board the .\fu\, to murder the admirafand 
 the ftiip's crew for the fake of getting all the provifions 
 into their own pofl'eflion. But a dying man confefs- 
 ing this matter to his prieft, the father purfued pro- 
 per methods to defeat the bloody purpoles of the con- 
 i'pirators. However, though they were delivered from 
 this danger their dillreiles multiplied. They were 
 pcrjictuallv attacked bv enemies which it was moft dif- 
 ficult to vaiujuifh : hunger, thirft, dillafe and fa- 
 tigue, incre.ifed upon them daily ; tlic Ihips grew more 
 and more lealft', and the men could not ftanJ at the 
 pimips. The marks of difpondency were vifible in 
 every countenance, and nothing wns to be heard but 
 complaints from every quarter. In eft'ecl the Afia 
 w:is near finking, when at laft flie arrived at Monte 
 V'edio in a moft wretched condition, having loft near 
 half her crew in the courfe of her voyage. When 
 the Eftevan anchored in the bay of Barragon, flje h.id 
 alfo loft the like number of her people; and the Ef- 
 pernn/.a, which brought 450 feamen from Spain, as 
 has been already noticed, had only 58 alive that 
 reached the fliore, and of the whole regiment of fol- 
 diers there were only 60 furviving. 
 
 All kinds of neccll'aries, naval ftorcs, mafts, rig- 
 ginvr, and nionev, the grand means '•!' purchafing 
 everv thing, bciii^ eipially wanted by the Spanifli ad- 
 mir.i!, he difpntciied an exprcfs over land by an In- 
 dian to St. lago in Chili, from whence it was to be 
 forwarded to <hc viceroy of Peru. 'I'he mellenger 
 charge;! with this difpatch, though it was then the 
 depth of w inter when the Cordilleras arc generally 
 fuppofed to be impalllible, on account of the fiiow, 
 was only 13 davs in travelling from Buenos Ayres to 
 S. Jiigo, which arc 300 S]>anifli leagues diftant from 
 c-.uh other. Admiral I'ifarro's requifition of the 
 viceroy was to fend him 200,000 dollars ; at the fame 
 time an advice boat was lent to Rio Janeiro, with a 
 letter of credit to purchal'e what was neecfliiry of the 
 Portuguefc. Neither of tliefe difpatches fuccccded as 
 the admiral wiflied. Inftead of 200,000 dollars, he 
 received but half that lum from the viceroy, and the 
 PortiiL;ucfe, inftead of furniftiing him with mafts and 
 
 'hi- fjiil tint a Spaiiidi failor cunccalcd Mb tirntlicr'i ticaili 
 foi iL-icral ilavs anij nii^lits lyint; in tticraulc liaiiuiKick with tile 
 cjrplc lur iIjc tilr.e ol Kccitiii); tJic dead iiian'k allowmwc. 
 
 yards, lent him only fome pitch, tar, and cordage. 
 And to complete the feries of his difappointments in 
 titofe parts, a carpenter whom he had intruftcd with a 
 confidcrable fum of money, fending him to Paraguay 
 to cut mafts, inftead of obeying his orders, intirely 
 dcferted the fcrvice, and married and fettled in the 
 country. This circumftance obliged him tolhiftthe 
 mafts of the Efperanza into the Afia, and to fit up 
 the Eftevan u ith what fparc mafts and yards they could 
 colle(5>, and with thefe two ftiips, as it was now fum- 
 mer, once more attempt doubling Cape Home. But 
 nothing but ill fuccefs attended all their dcficns. 
 This being accompliflicd, the Eftevan ran on a Ihoal 
 and beat ofl^ her rudder in coming de/wn the river 
 Plata, and the Afia proceeded alone \Vith moderate 
 weather ; but when flic came to the height of Cape 
 Hornc, and was tacking to change her eourfe to the 
 weftward, by fome mifmanagenient in wearing fliip, 
 flic rolled away her mafts and was forced back a fe- 
 cond time to the river Plata, when Pifarro undertook 
 to crofs the continent, which defign he accompliflicd. 
 J.i the mean time Don Mindinuetta, commander of 
 the Guipufcoa, which had been wrecked on the Br.t- 
 filian coaft, with thofe of his crew that had cfcaped, 
 arrived at the place of general rendezvous ; and find- 
 ing the Eftevan without mafts, made a li-cond appli- 
 cation to the Portugucfe, and fucceeded fu well as to 
 repair her, and carry her round the Cape. Arriving 
 in the South Seas, he met Pifarro, who claimed the 
 command of the Efj^cranza, which Mindinuetta dif- 
 putcd, and an enmity arofe between thofe commanders 
 which the viceroy in vain attempted to reconcile, each 
 being equally obftinatc in aflerting his claim. They 
 both returned over land in the year 1755 to the coaft 
 of Brafil, where they found the Afia in a fliattered 
 condition. They refolved, however, to bring this fhip 
 to Europe, and having fitted her up as we-ll as cir- 
 cumftances would permit, they manned her partly 
 with Spaniaids, partly with Portugucfe j together with 
 fome Englifliprifoners and fomc Indians whom they 
 had forced into the fetvice. 
 
 Thus equipped, in the beginning of November 
 they put to fea. But they had not long purfued their 
 courfe, before the Indians, who were ele\en in num- 
 ber, formed a confpiracy agaiiift the Spaniards, in 
 which they doubted not but the Portuguefe and In- 
 dians, who were treated with a degree of infolcnce 
 would join them. They had not, however, concerted 
 meafures properly for their purpoles, and therefore the 
 weight of the uiulert.iking refteil upon them alone. 
 
 About nine o'clock one evening, their chief, whofe 
 name was Orellana, with all his companions, came 
 upon the quarter-deck, and dix'W near the great cabin ; 
 which the boatfwain obfcrving reprimandc 1 them, 
 and ordered them to be gone. On this the Indian 
 who had laid his plan with wifdom, as far as the 
 infuflicicncy of his numbers would allow, fpokc to 
 his countrymen in his own language, on which 
 four of them drawing oflf, as if in obedience to the 
 boatfwain, two took pofl'eflion of each gang-way ; 
 while their chief and the reft fexmed to be quitting 
 the quarter-deck with a flow pace ; but as foon as 
 Orellana faw his orders were executed, he planed his 
 hands hollow to his mouth, and fet up the war cry ef 
 his country. Immediately the Indians fell upon the 
 Spaniards, and laid near forty of them at their feet, 
 twenty of whom were killed on the fpot, and the reij 
 di fabled. 
 
 When this tumult began, miny of the oflicers cf- 
 caped into the great cabin, where they put out the 
 lights, and barricadocd the door ; whilft tome of the 
 reft, endeavoured to cfcape along the gang-ways to the 
 fore-caftic, whftethc Indians placed for that purpofi: 
 ftabbcd the greater part as they attempted to pafs by : 
 others threw thcmfelves into the walte in order to lie 
 conccale-d among the cattle ; but the greater number 
 of the fugitives cfcaped up the main flirouds, to favc 
 themftlves in the tops or the rigging ; and though the 
 fore-caftle watch had not been att.icked, yet finding 
 their communication with the qturter-dcck cirt oft' 
 
 tUcy 
 
COMMODORE BYRON. 
 
 they h.-ul reeourfc to the fame expedient of flicltcring 
 thcmrulves in the rigging. 
 
 Had the Indians been joined by the Englifli and 
 Purtuguefc, as they expci^ted, the command of the 
 Spaniards here would have ended i but as no fuch 
 event took place, they could not improve the advan- 
 tage which they had gained by purfuirj^ the enemy 
 any farther. The latter, in confequcnce gained time 
 to recover from their confufion ; and Pifarro and his 
 officers half-opened the cabin door. Orcllana in- 
 ftantly attempted to force it, but being (hot dead by 
 Miridinuctta, the Indians feeing him fall, leaped into 
 the fca, tcftifying their rcfolution by their death, and 
 
 leaving their enemies to proceed on their voyage, who 
 held on their courfe for Spain, where they arrived in 
 the beginning of the year 1746. 
 
 Thus ended an expedition in which Spain loft about 
 3000 of her beft failors, and a whole regiment of ve- 
 teran foldiers, four (hips of war and a patache, the 
 Afia alone returning to Europe, as the Eftevan 
 
 I was found unable to redouble Cape Home.— •The 
 Spaniards were entirely unfortunate, and if we ex- 
 cept the treafure taken in the Acapuico (hip, it will 
 
 I appear that the Engli(h rather diftielTcd the enemy than 
 
 , really benefited thcmfclves by Commodore Anfou's 
 
 I cnterprize. 
 
 THE VOY-^GE OF COMMODORE BYRON 
 
 ROUND THE WORLD. 
 
 rri 
 
 ' 7 
 
 -f<. 
 
 Cnmmoilnre 
 Byron fiilt 
 from tite 
 Voviat. 
 
 le 
 le 
 
 IN the year 1764, government having formed a 
 defign of prolecuting the difcovcries in the South 
 Seas, the Honourable Mr. Byron was pitched upon 
 to condu(£l an expedition planned for that purpofe. 
 Two vcfTels being fitted out for that purpofe, this 
 gentleman was nominated to command the Dolphin 
 Blip of war in quality of commodore, attended by the 
 Tamai frigate. Captain Mouat commander. 
 
 Thefc vcfll-ls failed from the Downs on the firft of 
 June, 1764. Before they had cleared the channel, 
 the Dolphin ran a-ground, on which account (he was 
 brought into Plymouth dock ; but on examination, it 
 appearing that (he had received no injury, (he was in 
 rcadincf^ topurfuc her voyage by the id of July, when 
 the commodore gave the (ignal for failing. 
 
 Shaping their courfe for Madcir.i, th«y arrived at 
 the iflaud, and anchored in the bay of Fonchiale on 
 the joth, the governor of which falutcd the £ngli(h 
 with n guns, and the falutewas returned by the com- 
 modore. From hence they fct fail on the iglh ; on 
 the 2 lit they came in fight of Palma, one of the Ca- 
 nary in.uiJs * and on the 30th they anchored in the 
 bay lit" Port Praya. As foon as they liad taken in 
 water, and fuch other things a^they Itood in need of, 
 they tiuittcd the port with all poflible expedition, 
 being apprchcnfive that otherwifc they mi"ht cn- 
 foimter the tornadoes and hurricanes whicli gene- 
 rally nigc here from the month of Auguft till about the 
 middle of the winter feafon. They came to an anchor 
 in tlie road of Riode Janeiro on the coaft of Brafil, 
 when the commodore vifited the governor, who re- 
 ceived him in (late ; putting the guard under .irms be- 
 fore the palace ; 1 5 guns were iired in honour of 
 the Britifli flag, and his excellency afterwards returned 
 the vifit, and was received by the commodore in a 
 fuitabic manner on board the Dolphin. Lodgings 
 were here provided on (hore for a great many of the 
 T.unar's people who were fick ; as to thofe on board 
 the Dolphin, the fre(h meat and greens which they 
 iifid plentlfiilly, kept them in a more healthy fttuation. 
 However, whtle the (hips lay in this harbour, the 
 Portugucl'e found means to decoy away nine of the 
 Dolpliiu's, and five of the Tamar s |ieople, the latter 
 were recovered, but the commodore loft his men, 
 whom probably they intoxicated with liquor, and af- 
 terwaiiis fint up the country, there to remain till the 
 Eni;lilh vtdels departed. 
 
 On the 16th of Oi'^obcv, the commodore weighed 
 anihor, and on the 2i<i he informed the (hip's com- 
 pany that they were not bound to the Eaft-Indies, as 
 
 at (irft they had fuppofed, but on a voyage of difcovery, 
 their good behaviour in the courfe of which, would 
 be rewarded by order of the lords of the Admiralty, 
 with double pay, and other emoluments. This 
 fpecch was received with marks of the higheft 
 fatisfa£lion, and the crew promifed obedience to 
 the commodore, and cxprelTed their willingnefs to 
 do all in their power for the fcrvicc and honour of 
 their country. 
 
 A violent (torm arofc on the a9th, in the courfe of 
 which they were obliged to throvv four of their guns 
 overboard ; it continued all night, but fubfided on the 
 morning of the 30th, they made fail, and being ar- 
 rived at 35" 30' fouth lat. found the weather extremely 
 cold, though it was then the latter end of Oiflobcr^ 
 which anfwcrs to our April, in the northern climates, 
 infomuch that the failors were now forry that they 
 had parted with their old cloaths f ; but as fuflicient 
 precautions had been taken, they were foon relieved 
 by being furni(hed with cloathing which had been 
 taken on board by the commodore, in order to accom- 
 modate hiri men in cafe of ncccflity on fo long a voyage. 
 
 On the the 2d of November Mr. Byron deli- 
 vered the oflicers their commiflions after the cuftomary 
 oath had been taken. The (hip was now furroundcd 
 with vaft flocks of birds, and perceiving the water 
 difcoloured, they ftood in for the land on the nth 
 of this month, and at the depth of 45 fathoms they 
 found ground. The next day they imagined they faw 
 land a-hcad of them, but it proved to be what they 
 call a fog bank and fuddenlyvani(hcdt. Thefe decep- 
 tions are frequently occafioned by ridges of clouds, 
 and fometimes in the higher latitudes by an cxtraordi- 
 
 Inary quality of the air, to be accounted for only by 
 the dodrinc of refraiElion, of which we (liall have oc> 
 cafion to fay more in the courfe of this work. 
 
 It is remarkable that this falfe appearance was fuc- 
 cecded on the 13th by a violent hurricane. In the 
 afternoon the iky grew black to windward, and a 
 noifc was heard, which refemblcd the beating of the 
 fea upon a (hallow beach. The birds were obfcrved 
 flying from the point whence the ftorm proceeded, and 
 (bricking through the apprthenfion of its approach. 
 It was not poflibte to tmkr the necefTary preparations 
 before it reached the Dolphin and laid her on her fide. 
 The firft lieutenant was ftruck down by the main 
 (heet, had fomc of his teeth knocked out, and was 
 otherwifc bruifed. The Tamar, though not fo fud- 
 denly taken by the dorm, as being to leeward had . 
 yet her main-fail I'plit, and confidcring the violence 
 
 of 
 
 * At titik time tlu'ir water liavini; Itccomc foul, tlicy purificil 
 it liv forcing a III rain iif aii .liinu^li it, by iiioanii ol a venti- 
 lating tulie. wliicl) liad tlic propt-rcnc^.t. 
 
 + Stvcralot the liii,»'i cu-w luil purcluifttl fnwU, ^c. in cx- 
 chantrc ttir their olil Ihirts and jackets. As to tith^ thuv founil 
 tlicv li.i>l liitlcdiatK-o of catcliini^ anv wliilll at fca, for none of 
 |lic fiiiit) tiibc wvulii conu' near iht- Ihip Ucawfc Oic wa> llicailwA 
 
 with cn|iper. 
 
 t Among otiicr icinarl^alilc ilcccptiont, a mailer of arcITcl 
 not many years ago made oatli itiat he had fcen an illand with 
 trees growing onit, httwccn Newfoundland and the wcftern 
 cuall of Ireland : fomc Oii|i!i were fent in (carch of it, but il 
 proved to be a dehiUcn, 
 
 !^ 
 
 s 
 
144 
 
 THE VOYAGE OF 
 
 i *> 
 
 of the hurricane, it was wonderful that no more da- 
 mage was done. The wind continued all night, but 
 abated in the morning when the fca was found to be 
 covered with a fmall red fifh, numbers of which were 
 caught by the fliip's company. 
 
 Steering for Cape Blanco, they got fi^ht of it on 
 the 17th and were two days cndeivourmc to gain 
 Port Defirc, Thcv ftood into a bay to the fouth- 
 ward of the cape, out co\ild find no port. On the 
 20th thffv faw Penguin Illand, and as they undcrftood 
 Port Dij/irc, to be a few leagues to the north- weft of 
 it, they fcnt their boat in karcU of it, which fuc- 
 cccdc('. to their wifli, and they entered the harbour 
 on th.- 2 1 (I, the commodore in his boat, attended by 
 two c thcr boats proceeded to found the bay. In thefc 
 fcas I here were thoufands of fcals and |)cnguins obferv- 
 cd n:ar the fliip. 
 
 7'hc country appeared to Mr. Byron on his land- 
 inr,, lilic one continued down, without cither flirub 
 CI tree to adorn it. They faw here four beads near 
 I I hands high, in fliapc like a deer, anfwcring the 
 dc/crlption of the animals called Ciuanicoes. Pro- 
 cfcdinu higher up the harbour, they went to an ifland 
 ahounuiiig with feals, above 50 of*^ which they killed, 
 and f'luncT fome of them nearly as lar'-. as our Eng- 
 lilh oxen. Among a variety of birds thit they killed, 
 there was one that had a head refembling that of an 
 eagle with a large comb on it, and a white ruft' like 
 a tippet round its neck. The feathers on its back were 
 of a fliining black, its legs were large and Itrong, 
 with talons like thofe of an eajrlc ; the wings being 
 extended meafured twelve feet trom one extremity to 
 the other. The Tamar failed ijito the harbour on 
 the 2lft with the rifing of the tide ; but the Dol- 
 phin, waiting for a wind ran a-ground. She re- 
 mained in that Htuation all night .ind the next day in 
 ftormy weather. They faw the track of a tygcr, and 
 fevcral other heafts on the 23d. On the 24th both 
 fliips were at length mooied in the harbour where at 
 fpring tides tl.j w.iter rifes no lefs than 27 feet. The 
 fame day the commodore went on fhore, and fliot a 
 hare, weighing 26 pounds, and faw fevcral others 
 which appeared to be as large as fawns. Landing 
 again on the 25th, he found the barrel of an old muf- 
 quet with tlic king's broad arrow on it, and an oar 
 of a fmgular form. The former of thefe crumbled to 
 dull on being touched. They had probably been left 
 there by Sir John Narborough, when he was in thofe 
 parts. Here they faw fome remains of fires, but dif- 
 covered no inhabitants. They ftiot feveral wild ducks, 
 and a hare which ran two miles before it dropped, 
 with the ball in its body, the flefti of which creature 
 was of an excellent flavour, and as white as fnow. 
 Anotlier party killed a fawn and two guanicoes, and 
 found fome of fhe latter animals in thefc parts to 
 weigh full ^CX) weight. Here were found the flcull 
 and bones of a man which were brought on board the 
 veflel. They alfo caught a young guanicoe, which 
 was very beautiful, and grew tame on board, but died 
 in a (hort time afterwards. 
 
 They diicovcred two fprings of tolerable water on 
 27th, and a ton of it was brought on board the next 
 day. When the commodore next went on (hore he 
 faw fuch a number of birds take flight, as darkened 
 the (ky, nor could the nen walk without treading 
 on eggp, a great many of which they chofe to cat, 
 though there were frequently young birds in them. 
 Some of the crew being fcnt on fliore for water, on 
 the 30th, two of them difcovered a tyger lying on 
 the ground ; the animal taking no notice of them, 
 they threw ftoncs at him, but could by no means pro- 
 voke him. He remained on the fpot till their com- 
 psiiions, who were a little behind them came up, 
 and then he walked away at his leifure. They found 
 the country near this bay to abound with gcclc, ducks, 
 widj',e'.>!i, and fca pies, befides feveral other birds, the 
 namis of which were unknown to them. 
 
 The fliii;- got under fail on the 5th of November, 
 with fair and plcai'ant weather, and a favourable gale. 
 Thus they h»W on their courfe for Pepy's Ifland, 
 7 
 
 which is laid down in 47" of fouth lat. The weather 
 being clear, the (hips fpread themfelves in fuch a man- 
 ner that they could command a profpeft of 20 leagues 
 between them ; but after fearching for this ifland in 
 vain, till the nth, the commodore concluded that 
 there was no fuch place, and ftood in for the main, 
 in order to take in wood and water. Having thus 
 changed his courfe, large whales were obferved to 
 fwim frequently about the fliip, and birds in great 
 numbers flew round them. A gre.it hurricane fucceeded 
 on the 15th before which the veflcls might have raii 
 more fafely than beat up againft it, but their want of 
 water and wood made them chufe the latter, and en. 
 deavour to weather it, which they did till eight 
 o'clock the next morning, when it abated. 
 
 They faw land on the i8tli, which, like that near 
 Port Dcfire, was of the downy kind without trees. 
 Here they obferved white porpoifcs, with black fpots, 
 purfuing the fi(h in the fea, which appeared in great 
 numbers in thefc latitudes. 
 
 _ " On the 20th they ran clofe in fliore to Cajie Vir- 
 gin, and having obferved a fmoke on the fliore, and 
 a gicat many guanicoes feeding in the valley, they came 
 to an anchor. The next day they failed again, and, 
 at length, anchored about two miles from the fliore, 
 near the place where they had feen the fmoke the pre- 
 ceding day. Here the commodore obferved a number 
 of men on horfeback, riding to and fro, oppofltc the ■ 
 fliip, and waving fomething white, which he con- 
 ceived to be intended as an invitation for him to land ; 
 and as he was anxious to know what people thefe 
 were, he went in one boat with a party of men well 
 armed ; the firft lieutenant following with a feparate 
 party in another. When they came near the fliorr, 
 they faw a great number of people, horfe and foot, to 
 the number as was fuppofed of 500, who were drawn 
 up on a ftony point of land which ran far into the fca. 
 Though the commodore did not obferve that they had 
 any weapons, yet he made figns that they fliould re- 
 treat a little, which they very readily did, and kept 
 ftiouting very loudly while the crew were landing; 
 which was no fooner eflcfted than they were muftercd 
 on the bcarh, with their officers at their head. Mr. 
 Byron then advanced alone ; but the Indians retreated; 
 on which he made figns that one of them fhould come 
 forward. This was complied with, and tlie perfon 
 who advanced, appeared to be a chief, and was very 
 near feven feet in height Round one of his eyes was 
 a circle of black paint, and one of white round the 
 other : the reft of his face was painted with various 
 colours, and he had the fkin of a beaft with the hair 
 turned inwards, thrown over his flioulders. The 
 commodore and the Indian having paid their compli- 
 ments to each other in language mutually unintelli- 
 gible to the perfon to whom it was addrcflcd, they 
 walked together towards the main body of the nntii-cs, 
 few of whom were fliorter than the abovcmentioncd 
 ftandard, and the women large in proportion. Mr. 
 Byron made figns for them to fit on the ground, 
 which they did, chaunting in a moft ferious and me- 
 lancholy tone. The eyes of any one face were never 
 painted with the fame colours, fome being white and 
 red, fome black and red, and Ibine black and white ; 
 their teeth were white and even. They were all 
 drefled much alike, except that fome wore a kind of 
 boots, with a fpur of peaked wood faftened to each 
 heel. The commodore having prevailed on fome of 
 them that were ftill gallopping about to alight, and fit 
 down with the reft, diftributed fome white and yellow 
 beads among them, which they very gladly accepted. 
 He then took a piece of rihtiand, and putting the 
 end of it into the hands of the firft Indian, he con- 
 tinued it to the next, and fo on, as they fat, to the 
 end of the ribband. He then cut with a pair of fcif- 
 fars between every two of them, tying each man's 
 (hare round his head, which they did not attempt to 
 remove. It was remarked, that though the prefents 
 were infufficient to fupp'y them all, not one palled for- 
 ward from the ftation aifigncd him, nor fcemed to envy 
 the fuperior good fortune of his neighbour. 
 
 Among 
 
 tx. 
 
COMMODORE BYRON. 
 
 MS 
 
 Among there gigantic people, one woman who was 
 of the lurgcft fize, and moitdiragrccablv painted, had 
 her hair adorned witli beads of blue glafs, hanging, 
 in two divifions, down before her fliouidcrs, and flic 
 kad bracelets of pale gold, or brafs on her armsi but 
 there was no learning how flie obtained this finery. 
 One of the men fliewcd Mr. Byron the bowl of a 
 tobacco pipe, made of red earth, and made figns that 
 he wanted Ibmc tobacco, none of which they had 
 among them. 
 
 On this the commodore beckoned to the Teamen, 
 who ftill remained drawn up on the beach, three or 
 four of them inftantly running forward, the Indians 
 were alarmed, and rifing up in an inftant, were 
 preparing to retire, as it was fuppnfud, to fetch their 
 arms. Mr. Byron, therefore, ran and flopped the 
 failors, directing one of them only to come forward, 
 when he had got all the tobacco he could muftcr 
 among them. This reflorcd peace, and all the In- 
 dians refumed their places except an old man, who 
 £ing a long fong to Mr. Byron, at nearly the con- 
 clufion of which Mr. Gumming, the firfl lieutenant, 
 brought the tobacco. This gentleman, though fix 
 feet two inches high, was himfelf aftoniftied at the 
 diminutive figure ne cut among the ftrangers, who 
 were broad and mufcular, in proportion to their 
 height. The commodore having diftributed the tobac- 
 co, they made figns to him to ride to their huts i but he 
 intimated that he mufl return to the fhip ; on which 
 they fat down again, apparently much concerned. 
 Their horfes, though not large, were a£iive and much 
 under command, their faddles were like an Englifh 
 pad, and the bridle was formed of a thong of leatlier, 
 with the bit made of wood ; they had no flirrups, and 
 both men and women rode aftridc. When the com- 
 modore left them, they kept their feats, not one ofier- 
 ing to follow him. 
 
 On the 21 ft of December, they began failing up 
 the ftreight of Maghellan, with a view to take in a 
 proper (lock of wood and water, as the finding Falk- 
 land's Ifland was yet a matter of uncertainty. They 
 remarked a finglc Indian on this fliore, who waved 
 his hand to them till he loft fight of the fliip ; they 
 likewifc faw fcveral guanicoes on the hills. On the 
 evening of the aid, fix Indians came on the beach 
 hallooing, and making figns that they wiflied an ac- 
 
 J|uaintancc with the crew ; but, as tne feamen were 
 aticued, the commodore would not fend off' a boat 
 to them. On the 25th they faw a point of land near 
 St. George's Ifland, to which they gave the name of 
 Pirptifi Pelnt, 
 
 Having anchored at ten at night, the commodore 
 went the next morning in queft of wood and water, 
 plenty of wliich they found on the point abuve-men 
 tione<l. A fine level country lies over the point, the 
 foil of which appeared to be very luxuriant, producing 
 innumerable flowers of fvvcral kinds, the fmell of 
 which was extremely fragrant ; there was alfo a plenty 
 of good grafs, among which grew pcafc that were then 
 in olofTom. They faw hundreds of painted geefe, 
 (fo called from their beauty) which were feeding 
 among this variety of fweets ; they likcwife found an 
 abundance of plants, and wild celery in great quan- 
 tities. Many Indian wigwams were feen fituated in 
 the woods near flreams of water ; thcfe had been 
 lately occupied, as the fires appeared but juft burnt 
 out. In a walk of twelve miles they faw no place 
 proper for a boat to land, the fea breaking high on 
 the ftiore. Mr. Byron returned in the evening, and 
 found that fomc of the men had been fliooting geefe, 
 teal, ar^l fnipes, while others had employed tnem- 
 felves, with equal fucccfs in fifliing j thele employ- 
 ments, indeed, became ncceflfary, as the men could 
 have eaten thrice their allowance, owing to the keen 
 air of the country. On tlic 26th they fleered for 
 Port Famine, and came to an anchor, clofe to the 
 Ihore, the next day at noon. In this place'they found 
 drift-wood enough to have fupplicd athoufand vefTels. 
 The commodore went four miles up the river, but 
 could proceed no farther, the Uks which had fallen 
 Vol.. I. N- 13. 
 
 la 
 
 acrofs the ftream impeding the boat's way; oitc of I765 
 
 the flumps of them having made a hole in her bot- ^ ■ » ■< 
 
 torn, flic was immediately filled with water : but they 
 
 made fliift to get her on fliore, and flopped the Ituk, 
 
 fo as to return in her to the mouth of the river. The 
 
 banks of this ftream were furniflied wiili the noblcft 
 
 trees, fufficicnt in number to fupply malls for the 
 
 whole navy of Great Britain. Some of thiTe were 
 
 fu large, that four men joined hand in hand could not 
 
 cnclole them j and among the rcfl, the pepper tree 
 
 was found. Thcfe woods abounded in parrots, and 
 
 other beautiful birds. The quantity of lilh that was 
 
 daily taken was equal to the fupply of both the crews, 
 
 and the commodore fliot as mnnv geefe and ducks 
 
 as furnifhed fevcral tables bcfidcs his own. 
 
 WhiU the fliips lay at anchor htre, Mr. Byron 
 and a party went on fliore ; but, being caught in a 
 violent rain, they flopped where fonic Indians had 
 left a fire, the wood of which wab yet warm and 
 kindling a fire to dry their cloaths another fire was 
 inflantly made on Terra del Fucgo, the oppofitc fliore, 
 which they imagined to be a fignal, on a fuppofition 
 that they were Indians. The' hills were craggy, of 
 an amazing height, and wholly covered with fnow ; 
 but the plains were adorned with (lowers equal in fra- 
 grance and beauty to tliofe in the guldens in Eiif^Iand. 
 The commodore having ordered a tent to be ti\.ci;d 
 on the borders of a wood and joinini; to a livulrt, 
 three of the failors were there ftationed to wafli liiicn, 
 and they lay in the tent. One evening, foon after 
 they had retired to reft, tlicv were awakenctl by the 
 deep and hollow roarings of fome wild hearts, which 
 came near"- • tliem every moment. Tcnificd with ap- 
 prehenfiv , they made and kept up a blazing fire, 
 round which the hearts walked at a fmall dirtance till 
 the dawn of the morning, when they retired. 
 
 Near where the fliif^s rode at anchor was a hiU 
 cleared of wood, which they imagined to have been 
 a Spanifii fettlcment. Both fliips having taken in fuf- 
 ficient wood and water by the 4th of January, 1765, 
 they failed at four o'clock in the morning, in quert of 
 Falkland's Iflands ; but the wind dying away, they 
 were obliged to come to an anchor the day following. 
 On Sunday the 6th, they again made fail, and the 
 commodore, who had been 24 hours on deck, retired 
 to reft i but he was foon awakened by the vefTei's beat- 
 ing on a bank. Happily at this inftant, it was a 
 perfeA calm, fo that the rifing of the tide foon car- 
 ried the fliip fafe oft' again. On the 8th the officer of 
 the watch difcovered that the head of the mart was 
 fprung, which they fuppofed to have happened in. a 
 violent gale fome time before ; but ert'eflual mctliods 
 were immediately taken to repair the damage. 
 
 They faw land on the 12th, which was taken for 
 De Wert's Iflands, and at the fame time other land 
 to the fouth, which was judged to be what is called 
 New Iflands in the charts. This land confifts chiefly 
 of mountainous and barren rocks, on which was a 
 great number of birds. Seals abound here, and large 
 whales were feen fporting round the fliip. On the 
 14th they faw a flat ifland, covered with tufts of grafs 
 as large as buflies ; and on the following day the 
 commodore fent a boat from each ftiip, to examine 
 an opening that had the appearance of an harbour; 
 which being difcovered, they flood in for it in the 
 a.''ternoon, and found it excellent beyond their moft Port Egmont. 
 fanguinc hopes. Soon after this they entered ano- 
 ther harbour to which Mr. Byron gave the name of 
 Port Egmont, from the title of the nobleman at that 
 time, the firft lord of the Admiralty. This harbour is 
 reprefented to be one of the fineft in the world, and large 
 enough to contain the whole navy of England, in 
 full Kcurity : there is plenty of frcfli water in every 
 part of it, and geefe, ducks, fnipes, and other edible 
 birds abound in fuch numbers, that the failors were 
 tired with eating them. The geefe were generally 
 knocked down with ftones, fo that it was no unufual 
 thing to bring ofl° 60 or 70 of thefe birds, without the 
 neccmty of fhooting a fingle one ; feals and penguins 
 abound here ; ka lions of a prodigious fize were found 
 Q,q on 
 
«46 
 
 THE VOYAGE O K 
 
 1 165 oiiiheioaft: and there are plfnty of mulclcs, clarns, 
 — y—- ail J liinptts. The woods produce forrcl and wild 
 celery in great abundance. 
 
 Thi' lommodorc was once iinrriiefledly attacked 
 by a fi-.i-lion, and cxtrirnntl hinill-lf from the impind- 
 in^; danucr with (rreat difficulty. They had many bat- 
 tles with this animal, the killinR of one of which was 
 frequently an hour's work for fix men i one of them 
 almofl tore to pieces Mr. Byron's mailifF do^, by 
 a finjle bite. The matter having been fent to iound 
 the coaft, four very fierce animals ran after the 
 bo.it"s crew, till they were up to their bellies in 
 water, fo that they were obliged to put oft' from the 
 fliore, as they had no fire-arms in the boat. 'I'he 
 iieM day, on the oiipofitc ihore, Mr. Byron and his 
 company faw a fea-Iion of an enormous fize, and the 
 crew, being well armed, inftantly engaged him. 
 While thev were thus employed, one of the other ani- 
 mals polKil towards them, but a ball being lodged in 
 bi>hodv, he was inlhntly difpatcheil. Five of thefe 
 beads were killed this day, in their attempts to fcige 
 the men, whom they always purCued the moment Ihey 
 i;ot fight of them. ' 'Ihey were of a mixed ihape, be- 
 tween a wolf ami a fox, moll like the latter, but of 
 the ii7.c of the former : they burrowed in the gnnind 
 like a fox, feedinir on feals and penguins, and .ire 
 very numerous on the coaft. The tailors, in order to 
 be fid of fucli difagreeabb companions, fet fire to the 
 graf>, which burnt"" fo rapiilly, that the country was 
 all in a blaze for fonic days, and thcic animals were 
 U\ii running tofcik (hi Iter from its fury. 
 
 W'liilethev lay in this harbour the crew breakfadcd 
 on portable iuupand wild celery, thickened with Oat- 
 meal, which made a vere mitiitivc mefs. The foil 
 of the land was a lii;ht rl.iv, under a black mould. 
 The commodore thoUj^ht this was tlie f.imc place which, 
 in Copley's vovnje, is called Pepy's IHand ; but he 
 took poflelfion of the harbour, and all tlic adiacent 
 iflands, bv rlic name of F,tUi'ind'i IJlavis, for George 
 the Illd. 'King of (Jreat Britain. To ♦he honour 
 of the furgeon of tlie Tamar frigate, during his 
 ft.'.v there, he made a fence of turf near the watering 
 placc; round a trait of lanil, which he planted with 
 vegetables, for the ufc of thofe who might hereafter 
 touch at this port. 
 
 On Sundav, Jiilv the 27th, they left Port Eumnnt, 
 and the fame day tliey law a remarkable head-land, 
 which was named CnfteT^Jwar; foon after which they 
 pafTed a rock, which Mr. Byron called the Eddljlonr, 
 and then failed between that .ind a head-land, to which 
 he gave the n.'.me of Cape Dslthin. Tlic diftance from 
 Cape Tamar to C:tpc Dolphin, is about eight 
 leagues, and, from its appearance, was called Car- 
 lijli S':iin(l, though it is finte known to be the northern 
 intrancc of the ftreight between the two principal 
 i (lands. The land feen during thisd.iy was all downs, 
 having neither trcs nor bulhcs, but large tufts of 
 gr.ifs in various places. 
 
 Having anchored during the night, they failed again 
 the next dav, when the commodore gave the name of 
 H.fii/ry' s Siutid to a deep found between the illands. 
 About four miles to the i'outhwrard of the fouth point 
 of this fiiuiid the fta breaks very high, on fomc rocks 
 that appear above water. Thccoa^^ now v^'ore a dan- 
 gerous al'peif, rocks and breakers being .at a confidc- 
 rablc diftance from the fhore, and in all directions j 
 and the country appeared barren and dcfolate. The 
 fea rifing high, the commodore failed to the north- 
 wan', to prevent bei'ig driven on the Ice fhore. He 
 inaglned the whole circumference of Falkland's IHands j 
 to be little Icfs than yco miles. 
 
 At eight in the evening they ftood fo the weftward,, 
 and held their courfe till the 6th of February, when, 
 thrv f.w, and ftood in for. Port Defirc, at the mouth 
 of V. liicli they came to an anchor, and had the plea- 
 fure <'i' feeing the Florida, a ftorc-fliip which they 
 type. led from F.ngland. On Thurfday the maftcrof 
 the flore-lhip went on'board the Dolphin, and in- 
 formed the comir.odore of the extreme had condition 
 of his fhip, on which it was rcfolveil to attempt 
 ■ ' 7 
 
 unloadint; her in the harbour, thoiigli a place vefy ill 
 calculated for the purpel«. They theielore enleiwl 
 the lurbour, but theniglit proving very tempcltiiouv^ 
 the Tamar and the Florida both made fignals of dif- 
 trefs, having liecn driven from their moorings up 
 the harbour. On this and the following night tbey 
 were both near driving on fltore; and m ih« 
 fhire-fltip was in conttani danger of being loft, Mr, 
 Byron fent hands on board to'affift in repairing hert 
 and refolvedtotakeher into the Streights of Mng'hellaii 
 before he unloaded her. In this haibuur the rudder of 
 the Dolphin was likewife repaired, there beinj; M 
 timber proper for making her a new one, ' 
 
 On the 13th, the Florida put to fea, with orders ♦» 
 ftcer direiHy for Port Famine i and the next day 
 file wa* followed by the Dolphin and I'amtr. 'l'h« 
 three Ftdlow ing days they faw a ftrange vefl'el foUbwinf 
 them, which fhaped her courfe^ and failed faft or 
 flow, exadly as they did> a circumKancc that cauled 
 much f|>eculation. The conimo<'ore being obliged to 
 wait lor the Florida, which was far a-flern, imagined 
 the ftranin'r would f|>eak with him, and therefore fnadt 
 the neceflarydifpofition toglve heraprot)er reception* 
 When became to an anchor the ftrangerdid the famet 
 four miles to windward of him ) but in tltc mottling 
 Ihewasfeen three leagues to the leeward. She noV» 
 got under way, and approached the Dolphin ! oH 
 which the commodore got out eight guns, which wet* 
 nil that could K- come at to one fide of the ftip, tt% 
 fhe lay at anchor. Neither party hoidexl any colours ( 
 but about this time the (Vore-fliip running a-eroun4> 
 the III ange vefl'el hoifted F'rench colours, and fent two 
 boats with an anchor, to aflift her. The commodore 
 now fent a boat from each of his fliips to the atfiilance 
 of the F'lorida with [xifitivc orders not to let the 
 French boats board her, but to acknowledge, in » 
 proper mnjiiier, the ofi'cr of aflillance. Theli; order* 
 were obeyed, and the ftore-fhip was got oft. 
 
 'J'hev weighed anchor at fix in the evening, and 
 anchoritl again at eleven: at which time the French 
 vefle'l did the fame, but in ii fituation that (licwcd \vX 
 ignorance <if the channel they were in. 
 
 On the 19th they again failed ; and as the Frencll 
 veflll ffeered alttr them, Mr. Byron thought they 
 came from Falkland's Illandst where there was then * 
 French fcttlement, to take in wo<id, or that they wcr« 
 on afur\T;y of the Streights of Maghellan, in which 
 they were now failing. On the aotli they reached 
 Port Famine, when the Dolphin and Tamar having 
 taken as much provifion oirt of the fJorc-ftiip as thnr 
 could find room for, the maffer received orders to fail 
 for Kngland as foon as poflible j it being determined to 
 navlg;ite the other (hips through the ftreight. 
 
 On the 28th they pafled the Fiench (hip, which 
 WHS in a fmall cove, and near her a large quantityof 
 wotid ) which the commodore had no doubt was in- 
 tended for their new fettlemcnt. On Mr. Byroti's re- 
 turn to England this appeared to be the fa£t ; and that 
 the (hip was commanded by Monf. Bougainville, and 
 called the Eagle. 
 
 That part of the account of their palTage throtigh 
 the Steights of Maghellan, which confiffs chiefly of the 
 names of places, and dcfcriptions of foundings, beat^ 
 ings and di(Janccs, we have purpofely omitted, but havse 
 preferve<l all that can contribute to the entertainment 
 or improvement of the reader. 
 
 The mountains on both fides of the ftreight .ireoo- 
 vered with (now from top to bottom, arc ftecp and 
 craggy, and of a molt delbtate ap]x;arance. On the 
 firfi of March two or three canoes of Indians followed 
 the fhip, one of which went on board. This canoe 
 was of bark, and wretchedly made : it ^intainrd 
 fome men, women, and a boy, who had a 'bow and 
 arrows, which they exchanged for beads and other 
 tiinkcts, the bow-ftring was made of the gut of 
 Ionic heart dried, and the arrows were formed of a 
 reed, pointed with a green (l-one. The(e pco|)Jc bad 
 no other garment than a feal-(kin thrown over their 
 (boulders, and they made on t<ie Whole, a moft wretched 
 appearance. When the (hip came to an anchor, fcve- 
 
 *»a::<^8 
 
COMMODORE DYttON. 
 
 '4; 
 
 m1 of tlie fndiahi went on board, and gladly accepted 
 fomc ribbands, beads, and othrr trilling matters, with 
 which the commodore prcfcntcd them. I'licic [ti.'»- 
 
 £lc fiiblift chiefly nn muiclcs and hclries, fume of tit* 
 ittcr of which tliey gave Mr. Byron, whea ha re- 
 turned their vifit on ihorc. 
 
 Having cfcaptd the dreadful cffedi of a f^orm on 
 the 3d of March, boats wtrc repeatedly font out till 
 the 6th, in fearch of a proper place to anchor in ; 
 and at Icnuth the Dolphin was nwxtrtd in a liulo bay 
 oppofitc Cape Quod ) and the Tamar, whicU could 
 not work up fo far, abinit fix milc»to the cattward 
 •f it. This part of the ftrright being only four 
 wiles over, its appearance is drcaty and defoLite be- 
 yond imagination, owing to the pnxliginus mountains 
 oneachfideof it, which rife above tlic clouds, and 
 «rc covered with perpetual Ihow. On the 8th they 
 met with a large number of Ihcll fifh } and on this 
 day the commodore went np a deep lagune under a 
 fock, at the head of which was a fine fall of water, 
 and on the eaft iido of it were fevcral fmall coves, cal- 
 culated for the fecure reception of fhipaof thegreatclt 
 burden. 
 
 On the latli an officer was fent in b boat, In fc.ircli 
 of an harbour ; and in two days he returned with an 
 account that there were five bays between tlic (hip and 
 Cape Upright, in any one of which they might inchor 
 lecurely. While this officer was abfent, he met with 
 fome Indians, who made him a prcfcnt of a dop, and 
 one of the women having a fucking child, oftercdto 
 give it him. At this time winter commenced with all 
 Its fcvcrity, and the hills were foon covered with fnow. 
 The cold became fo intenfe, that the feamen, whole 
 clothes were continually wet, fuffcred fevercly : to 
 fortify them ngainft this inclemency of weather, tli 
 commodore gave a warm jacket of the woollen ilutt", 
 called fear-nought, to the crews of both fhips, officers 
 included. 
 
 On the i6th, perceiving they loft (ground on every 
 tack, they came to an anohor j but finding tho ground 
 to be rocky, they weighed again, and every man on 
 board was on deck the reif of the «lay, and the whole 
 night, during which time the rain poured down on 
 them in unremitting torrents. Notwithfti\nding tlii 
 inccliant labour, thcv found, in the morning, that 
 they had becnonly lofing way, owing to the rapidity 
 of the current. Thcv were now glad to anchor in 
 the very bay th«y had left two days before. As it con 
 tinued to rain and blow violently fur ten days longer, 
 the commodore fent a boat to Ibuiul the bay on the north 
 Ihorc i but no anchornge could be found. On the 
 aoth, rhc vellcl was driven from her moorings ; but by 
 heaving up the bower anchor, and carrying out ano- 
 ther they foon altered her to her fituation : After 
 labouring all day on the aift, they had gained only 
 two miles on the current, when they came to an an- 
 chor, but the fea running high, they failed the day 
 following ; and the current now running to the weft 
 ward, they made great way, and in the evening, an- 
 chored in a commodious b-iy, where theTamarhad 
 arrived before them. It was remarkable that notwith- 
 Handing thcJateil'Vcrlty of the weather, added to their in- 
 cefl'ant labour, the crew retained both health and fpirits 
 On the 23cl they again fet fail, and in a few hours 
 bad fight of the South fea, which rolled a prodigious 
 fwcll on them. On the 25th two boats which had 
 been fent in fearch of anchoring places, returned with 
 an account that they had found two, but neither of 
 them very eligible! they, however, made fail the 
 next morning, and at four in the afternoon found 
 themfclves within a mile of the fouth fhore, which 
 the thickncfs of the weather prevented their feeing 
 fooner ; but as there was no place to anchor in, they 
 flood for the oppofitu fliore. Between fix and litvcn 
 the Tainar was ordered under the ftcrn of the Dol- 
 phin, and then direited to keep a-hcad of her during 
 the night to Ihew lights, and as often as (he varied her 
 tnck to fire a gun. At fcvcn in the evening the wea 
 ther cleared for a minute, fo that they had (tght of the 
 north-fliore, bearing weft by north', on which thev 
 
 inftantly tacked about. The wind now blew a pcr« 
 fciX hurricane | the rain d< li mikd in torrents, aiul 
 fome of the lails were t'lii in pieces. Uiirin;tl\is 
 tempcftuous night, in which ilrj Icn wu« coutiriually 
 bricking over thcnii the (hips parted company, and 
 were encompadild with rocks and breakers over them, 
 however, they happily weathered the llurm, and at 
 (even in the morning both (hips came to an anchor. 
 They h.id now been ^wicc within four Icanucs of 
 TuglUay's Bay, at the weftern.nioutli of the llreight, 
 ond tWLce driven ten or twelve leagues back again by 
 (torms ; fo dangerous in the navigatiort of ibis ftreijilil 
 at an ini]ir()pcr Isiifon of the year. On the iStli ilie 
 Tainar nairowlv efcapod being dallied to pieces againli 
 the I'ocks, bv the pMrtirp ot tlic cable of lier be(l 
 bower anchor. The Dulphin weighed anchor the 
 next morning, and got under fail, which (he had no 
 fooner done tlian fignals of diftrcfs were mode on board 
 the Taniar, the anchor of which could not be pur- 
 chafed. 'I'lic Dolphin, thrrefurc ftucd apfain inlo tiic 
 bay, and fent her alfiflance, after which tlicy hi'itb 
 anchored for the night ; a night tiic mofi dreadful they 
 had ever yet known. The winds were lu violent as 
 to raili: up ihe fea, and carry it higher than the heads 
 of the malls ! a dreadful lea rolled over them and 
 broke againll the (hore ; with a noili; as loud as tluni- 
 der. Happily they did not part their cables, or tlicy 
 mull have liecndalhed in pieces againll the rocks. On 
 the following day, April the hrft, it was a I moll 11 
 perfc(if calm } but in the evening it rained much, aiut 
 the wind bleiv violently ; they therefore remained in 
 their ft.-ition till the 4th, when the cutter, which had 
 been fent li.lcarch of apio|jeranchoring-placc, returned 
 with an account of havimj found one to the well ward of 
 the north (hora, 'I'he otficei who commanded the cutr 
 t<!f had met with a party of Indians, whole tance was 
 of a conftruiftion not before oblirved, being ronipoied 
 of planks fewed together. Thefe Indians had no 
 covering but a piece of feal-lkin thrown ever their 
 (houldcrs. Their food, which was of the moil in- 
 delicate kind, was eaten raw : One of them tore a 
 piece of ftinking whale's blubber with his teeth, and 
 then gave it his companions, who followed his exam- 
 ple. One of tliefc Indians obferving a failor adccp, 
 cut of a part of his jacket with a (harp flint. 
 
 The(hipscomingtoan anchor in the bay which Iiad 
 been difcovercd, propofing to take in wood and water ; 
 while they remained here, fevcral of the natives made 
 a fire oppofite the (hip in which fignals were made for 
 them to come on board ; but they would not. The 
 commodore went on (hore and pave them (bmc trifles 
 that pleafcd them highly : he fikcwifu divided fome 
 bifcuit amongft them, and was furprifed to remark, 
 that if a bit of it fell to the ground not one of them 
 would (hwp to pick it up without his pcrmiflion. 
 Some of the failors being at this time cutting grafs 
 for a few (lieep which the commodore had on board, 
 the Indians inftantly ran to their affiftance, and tear- 
 ing up the grafs in large quantities, foon filled the 
 boat. On Mr. Byron's return, they followed in their 
 canoe till they came near the (hip, at which they gazed 
 with the mofi profound aftoniftiment. Four of them 
 were at length prevailed on to go on board ; and the 
 commodore, with a view to their divernon, dircdled 
 one of the midfhipmen to play on the violin, while 
 fome of the feamen danced. The poor Indians were 
 extravagantly delighted ; and one of them, to tcftify 
 his gratitude, took his canoe, and fetching fome red 
 paint, rubbed it all over the face of the mufician, nor 
 could the commodore, but with the utmoft difficulty, 
 efcape the like compliment. When they had been 
 diverted for fome hours, it was hinted to them, that 
 they (hould go on (hore, which they at length did, 
 though with evident rcludtance. 
 
 On the 7th the commodore failed from the bay, and 
 on the 8th again encountered very bad weather, as it 
 rained and fnowed, while the wind blew a hurricane. 
 On the t)th they ppfTcd fome dangerous rocks, which 
 Narborough called the Judges, and on which the 
 furf beat', with prodigious violence. This day, con- 
 trary 
 
 '7f'5 
 
.-:..^;^'«S5»^ 
 
 149 
 
 THE VOYAGE OF 
 
 1765 
 
 I' I 
 
 1 I 
 
 trary tn cxpeAati«n, tfteady gile at fouih-weft, nr- 
 ricd them at the rate of nine miles an hour, To that by 
 eight in the evening they were 20 leagues from Che 
 cuall on which they encountered (o many perils. 
 
 [Mr. Byron recommends it to future navigatorst to 
 be at the ealtcrn entrance of the ftreight of Maghellan 
 in December, in which cafe he thinlcs even a fleet of 
 fhips might navigate it fafely in three weeks. Heob- 
 fcrves that the facility with which wood and water are to 
 bcobtained,thevallplentyofvegetablesonthecoaft,and 
 the abundance of fiAi which may be almoft every where 
 procured arc advantacet highly in favour of this paf- 
 fage. It is remarkable, that in feven weeks and two 
 days, the time they were in paffing it, not a fingle nun 
 was fick of the fcurvy, or of any other diforders. J 
 
 On the 26th they failed weltward bearing away for 
 the ifland of Mafafucro, which they were within feven 
 leagues of the lame evening. The next day they bore 
 away for the north of the ifland, and then lay oy for 
 the boats, which had been fent to found the caftern 
 fide, but could not land on account of the violence 
 of the furf. The boat returning, brought a number 
 of fine filb, caught with the hook and line i and the 
 officer reporting, that he had found a bank where they 
 might anchor, oppofite to which was a plenty of frciti 
 water, they madu fail for it, on which they landed at 
 feven on Sunday morning. I'he boats weru now 
 fent out for wood and water, their crews haviiie put 
 en cork jackets, to alKft them In fwimming andpre- 
 vcnt their being bruifed againft the rocks. In tliefe 
 feas, were a great number of very large (harks, which 
 were frequently very near the fwimmcrs, but they 
 providentially efcapcd them. One of thefe voracious 
 iifh feized a large feal clofc to one of the watering boatii, 
 and devoured it in an inftant, and the commodore 
 faw another do the fame, clofe to the ftern of the (hip. 
 The id.ind abounds in goats, many of which were 
 killed and fent on board, and they were deemed equal in 
 flavour to the fineft venifon. One of thefe goats had 
 hi^ right ear flit, fu as to make it evident that fome 
 perfuii had caught him, given him that mark of dif- 
 tin<^tion, and let him go again. Various forts of ex- 
 cellent lifli were now fo plentiful that they could 
 catsh fufliclcnl to fupply the whole crew two days, 
 in a few hours, with a hook and line only. 
 
 The gunner and one of the feamen, who were with 
 others, on (here for water, were left behind all night, 
 being afraid to venture in the boat, as the fea ran high. 
 The commodore being informed of this circumftancc, 
 fent them word, that as blowing we.ither mig'>t be 
 cxpcded, the (hip might be driven from hcrmoorint;8, 
 in the night, in which cafe they would infallibly 
 be left behind. This mclFage being delivered, the 
 gunner fwam to the boat ; but the lailor faying, he 
 had rather die a natural death than be drowned, re- 
 fu<l'd to make the attempt, and taking a melan- 
 choly farcwcl of his companions, refolved to abide 
 his fate i when, jud as the boat was going to put 
 off, a mid(hipnian ^ook the end of a rope in his 
 hand, and fwam on (hore, where he remonftrated 
 with ilic pour tar on the foolilhrcfolution he had taken, 
 till having an opportunity of throwing the rope in 
 which was a running knot round his body, he called 
 to the boat's crew, who inftantly dragged their com- 
 panion on hoard ; but he had fwallowed fu much 
 water that he a|5peared to be dead. They recovered 
 him, however, by holding up his heels, and on the 
 day following he was perfeiSlly well. The commc- 
 durc now made a promotion among the officers, he ap- 
 pointed Captain Mouat, commander of the Dolphin, 
 under him, making Mr. Gumming, ihe firft lieu- 
 tenant of the Tamar, and advancing fome otiier in- 
 ferior officers. 
 
 They failed on the 30th of April, (leering in vari- 
 ous directions till the loth of May, on which, and 
 the day following, they faw fcvcral dolphins and bo- 
 nctus round the Oiip, and obfervcd a few birds which 
 had a (I1U1 c beak ; all (heir bodies being white, except 
 the back aod upper part of the wings. They faw 
 likevvife fevcral grampufes the next day, and more 
 
 of the birds joft mentioned ; from whenae they con- 
 cluded, that they were approaching the land. 
 
 Two remarkable birds, ms large as geife, with 
 white bodies and black legs, and which flew very 
 'ligh, were obferved on the 16th, which confirmed 
 them in their conJeAure, that thoy had palfeJ fome 
 main land, or iflands. On the ltd they faw fcveral 
 tropical birds, and caught two boncuas 1 and on the 
 26th two large birds, the beak and neck of which wen; 
 white, and all the re(t was black : there flew about the 
 (hip on the 28th two other birds, one black and while 
 and the other brown and while, and would have fettled 
 on the yards, but they were intimidated \>y the working 
 of the (hip. For feveral days after they (aw a great 
 number of birds, and on the 7th of June difcovered 
 land. 
 
 After this they (leered for a fmall ifland, the ap< 
 pearancc of which was remarkably pleafant. It waa 
 furrounded by a beach of white fand, and crowned 
 with lofty trees, whofe (hade was far extended, and 
 formed mud beautiful proves, unincumbered with 
 underwood, adorned with a mott dciigbcful vcr- 
 dure. 
 
 It was not long before fome of the natives made their 
 appearance, armed with long fpears. I'hefe kindled 
 large (ires, which were anlwered by other fires that 
 were made on a neighbouring iflana. At this time 
 a boat being fent to look out for an anchoring 
 place, returiwd without fuccefs. It was mortify' 
 ing in the mean time for the failors (fuch of them 
 as were not confined to their hammocks by the fcur- 
 vy) to view from the decks thofe delicacies which it 
 was out of their power to reach. Among the reft, thcv 
 faw cocoa-nuts, tempting them in vain, whole milk 
 is reckoned of fovereign ufc in fcorbutic ca(es } and, 
 beheld the (hells of turtles (Irewed along the fl'.ore. 
 All this while the natives keeping a-breaft of the 
 (hip, danced, (houted, and 'Vook their fpears, after 
 which they fell backwards as if they wete dead, which 
 was interpreted into a threat of deftruiftion to fuch aa 
 (hould venture to land up^)n their coafts. Theic fa- 
 vagcs alfo fixed two fpcarr in the fand, at the top of 
 which fome things were fecn waving in the air, be- 
 fore which they knciled, and appeared to be in 
 prayer to their idols, poffibly with the idea of thereb)( 
 averting the dreaded iiivafion. In the mean time, the 
 commodore thought proper to fail round the ifland, 
 and again fent out boats to found. On this, the na- 
 tives raifed a terrible outcry, pointing to their fpear* 
 and poifing large (tones in their hands. In return for 
 all this the failors made all poffible figns of firiend- 
 (hip, throwing bread and other things on (hore, none 
 of which the natives chofe to take, but retreated to 
 the woodi, dragging their canoes with them. They 
 afterwards ran into the water, with an apparent in- 
 tention of hauling the boats on (hore, on which the 
 failors, irritated by their behaviour, would have fired 
 on them, but that they were hindered by their ofll- 
 cer. The crews of the boats having once more re- 
 ported, that they could find no landing place, the 
 commodore proceeded to the other ifland and brought 
 to at the diftance of a quarter of a league from the 
 (hore, the next morning. 
 
 They now faw feveral other iflands coveird with 
 cocoa-trees, and there again the natives ran to Ihc 
 beach, armed with clubs and fpears, ufing threaten- 
 ing gcflures. The commodore fired a cannon (hot 
 over their heads, on which they returned to the woods. 
 The boats having been again j<:nt out, returned with 
 an account, that no landing place Could be found, on 
 which Mr. Byron named this paradife in appearance, 
 the Ifland of IJifappointment. I'he natives were (hort, man.) nf Dif- 
 and well made, very quick runners, and tlieir com- appoiumcni. 
 plexion that of the deep copper. Havinz failed on 
 the 8th of June, they difcovered an iflanaon the fol- 
 lowing day which laid low, and were covered with va- 
 rious kinds of trees, among which was the cocoa nut. 
 the ifland was furrounded with a rock of red coral. 
 The inhabitants on the coaft, having made large firea 
 (as wasfuppofed to alarm the more inland natives) tiuy 
 
 ran 
 
 ^.J. 
 
COMMODORE BYRON. 
 
 M» 
 
 ran along the Oiore in multitudes, armed like thofc 
 of the Ifland of Difappoiiitment. I'he veflcU now 
 brought to, at a fmall inlet, opening 'nto a lake of 
 fait water, which appeared more than tw« leaeuei 
 wide. There was a little town, under the ftadc of 
 a grove of coroa-nut trees. I'he (hips advancing; to 
 the mouth of the inlet, fome hundrcdt of the natives, 
 headed by a kind of an officer, who carried a pole, 
 on which wai faOencd a piece of mat, ranged them- 
 fclvcs, up to their waiftt in water, making a hideout 
 noifc, till they were joined by a number of large ca- 
 noes, which came down the lake, Two boats were 
 now out in fcarch of foundini^s, and the crews of them 
 making every poflible fign ot fricndihip, fome of the 
 ranocs drew towards them, not with a [lenceable inten- 
 tion, but with A view to Iiaul the boats on (hore; feveral 
 of the nntivts, leaping from the rocks, fwam towards 
 the Kngjifh and one of them fprang into the Tamar's 
 borif, fiutched up a fcamaii's jacket, and inftantly 
 dived from the boat to the fliorc, another of them laid 
 violent hands on a hat, but loft his nriiie through his 
 ignorance, as he pulled it downwards, inftead of lift- 
 ing it from the hi;ad of the wearer. They now failed 
 wcftward, and foon dilcovered another illand, diftant 
 four leagues. I'hc natives purfued them in two large 
 double canoes, in each of which were about 30 armed 
 men. The boats were a confiderable way to leeward 
 of the fliips, and were chaced by the canoes •, on 
 vrhich the commodore making a fignal, the boats 
 turned towards the Indians, who inftantly pulled 
 down tlicii- tails, and rowed, away with great ra- 
 pidity i driving through tlie violent furf on the ihorc, 
 and were followed by the boats, when, being appre- 
 henfiveofan invafion of the country, thcyarmcd them- 
 fclves with ftoiics and clubs ; on which, the boat's 
 crewfircd.andkillcdtwoorthreeofthem, oneof whom 
 died as he v/as throwing a ftone at the Englilh after 
 three balls had gone through his body. This fellow 
 dropping clofe to the boat, his body was brought to 
 the mip ; but the Iiidi.ms carried off the reft of their 
 companions. The boats carried the two canoes with 
 them, as the trophies of their viftory, Thefe veflcls 
 confilhd of pinnks fcwrd together, with a ftrip of 
 tortoifc-lhell fixed over each fcam ; they h-id rtiarp 
 bottoms, and were very narrow, and two of them 
 were fattened along fide each other by two timbers, 
 which U'ft a fpacc of full fix feet between the canoes, 
 and h:'.d a fail, made of matting, paflcd from one veflel 
 to the other, being fixed to a niaft which was hoifted 
 in each of them. W hen they lUiled, feveral men fate on 
 the timbers which lay from' boat to boar, their cord- 
 age appeared to be formed of the outward covering of 
 the cocoa-nut, and wasexquifitely well made. 
 
 As no rcfreflimeiits coulJ be obtained, owing to the 
 violence of the furf, the commodore returned to his 
 former ftation at the inlet, and again fent the boats 
 infearchofan anchoring place. A number of the 
 Indians were on the fpot where he had left them, and 
 wore preparing Ibme large canoes, probably to attack 
 the boats ; on which a ihot was fired over their heads, 
 when they inft.mtly ran away and I'ccreted themfelves. 
 The boats returned in the evening j with a few u.voa- 
 niits ; and in the morning were fent out again, with 
 all the invalids, who were able to go on boanl them. 
 The commodore went on fhore this day, and faw 
 many Indian huts, which were coveretl with the 
 brandies of the cocoa-nut tree j they were mean build- 
 ings, hut finely fituatcd among groves of lofty trees. 
 The men went naked j but fome women were fecn, 
 who wore a kind of cloth from the waift to their knees. 
 The ftiorc abounded with coral and (hells of large 
 penrl oyfters ; and it f.cmed probable a valuable pearl 
 fifhcry might be eft.iblilhcd here. There were many 
 doL;s in the huts, which kept barking continually till 
 the Englifti went on board. 
 
 The next day the feamcii finind, in oneof the huts, 
 the carved head of a ruddrr ; which had evidently be- 
 longed to a Dutch long-boat ; they likewife found a 
 piece of brafs, one of iron, and fiime iron tools ; but 
 by whom thefe tliiiijs were left, was wholly unknown 
 
 Vol. I. N- 14. 
 
 irf's 
 
 tothem. The bu at-placct of the tiJilives were under 
 high trees, near their houtes : and their tombs con - 
 fined of flat ftones laid on perpendicular fidc-fton' s, 
 like thofc in fome of our church yards. On the 
 branches which ihaded thefe rcpofitoru's l\ung bafkett 
 of reeds, containing the head', nnd hones uf turtle 
 and other filh, and Icvcral boxes filled with human 
 bones, were found near the graves. The flies on thil 
 illand were extremely troublcfome, but no venomous 
 creatures were fi-en. Parrots ami other birds were 
 very plentiful, and our voyagers faw fome beautiful 
 doves, fo tame as to follow them into the huti of 
 the Indians. The water here was good, and the 
 furface of the ground was alinoft covered with frurvy 
 grafs. This part of the ifland is fituated in 14.' 29* 
 fouth lat. and 148" 50' weft long. On Wcdncfday, 
 June the 12th they failed to another ifland, and a« 
 they coafted along it, the natives, armed like thofc of 
 the other iflands, kept even with the fhip for fome 
 leagues. They frequently plunged into the fea, or 
 fell into the fund, th.it the furf micht break over them, 
 to cool and refrcfh themfelves. 'rhe boats l>eing near 
 the beach, the crew made fignt that they were in 
 want of water, on which the natives pointed farther 
 along the fhore, where, when the boats arrived, 
 they bw a number of ho"f.i., whither they were fol- 
 lowed by the Indians, many more of whom joined 
 them at this place. The boats havine got clofe in 
 fliore, and the (hips lying at a fmall dilTancc, n vene- 
 rable old man, with a white beard, advanced from 
 the houfes to the beach, attended by a young fellow. 
 Having made a fignal for the other Indians to retire, 
 he came forward to the edge of the water, prefling 
 his beard to his breaft with one hand, and holding a 
 branch of a tree in the other. Hcmadeakindof mufical 
 oration, during Which the people in the boat threw 
 fome trifling prefcnts, which he would neither take 
 up, nor permit his attendant to touch, till he had 
 fini(hed his harangue, when he walked into the water 
 and throwing the branch to the bbat's crew, he re- 
 tired, and picked up their prefents. Moft of the na- 
 tives having complied with a fign made them to lay 
 down their arms, one of the midfhipmen fwam on 
 (hore i on which they flocked round him, admiring 
 his clothes : as his waiftcoat pleafed them moft, he 
 gave it to them, which he had no fooner done, than 
 one of them untied his cravat and ran away with it. 
 He now thought it time to retreat to his boat, whither 
 feveral of the natives fwam alter him : fome bringing 
 each a cocoa-nut, and others fre(h water in the Incll. 
 The boat's crew had taken with them fome (hells of 
 pearl oyftcrs in order to learn of the natives how to 
 procure to Tom: pearls ; but they could not poiTibly 
 make them comprehend their meaning. This ifland 
 is fituated in 14° 41' fouth Lititudc. and 149" 15' 
 weft long, and both thefe the commodore called 
 King Getrgi's IJIandt, in refpeft to his fovereign. In KineGcorse's 
 a lake belonging to the la'ft ifland, two or three '"*"''*• 
 very large veflels were feen, one of which had two 
 malts, with proper cordage. The boats having re- 
 turned on board, they failed weftward the fame day ; 
 and the next afternoon defcried another ifland, to- 
 wards which they immediately fleered, and found that 
 it was well inhabited, and bad a fine appearance of 
 verdure ; but a violent fut f broke all along the coaft. . 
 It lay in 15" fouth lat. and 151° 5 3' weft long, and^y^,',*., 
 received the name of the Pr'iKct of lyaln's Ijlmd. i(i«d. 
 
 They now failed northward, and from the vaft flocks 
 of birds they had rcpc.-.tcdly fcen, whit'h always winged 
 their way to the fouth, on the approach of evening; 
 and from the iflands being fo well peopled, the com- 
 modore concluded that there was a chain of them 
 leading to a continent, the difcovery of which he 
 would certainly have attempted, but the crews of 
 both (hips were fo unhealthy, as to render it impofllblc 
 to fuccccd. 
 
 On Monday, June the irth, the voyagers concluded 
 
 that land was near, from the multitude of birds which 
 
 flocked about the (hip : but thty faw no land till the 2 i(i, 
 
 when it was difcovcred at eight leagues diftance, haV- 
 
 R r ing 
 
 I 
 
 
, ija 
 
 THE N'OYAGE Of 
 
 17^5 
 
 
 *y« 
 
 tlifl tlic n|>pc3rance of thrcf iflanJf, with rock»be- 
 twC' II lliim. They aliouiiJul with iiihabicaiiti, wliule 
 (jMcllini{« lined th« coall ; and the beauty and fertility 
 of ihc Idil, fccmcd to i\ccll that uf any plate they 
 had Iccii : but the rock« and brcakem uitli which it 
 tvasfiiriounded, was an inlupcrable bar to any attempt 
 at landing. 
 
 Un the night nf the aid all handl were gn deck) 
 it rain>il hard, iind the wind blew violently, Soun 
 after nine o'clock the'l'aniar Hrcd again, and the crew 
 of tlic 0<il|>hin intagiiicd they faw breaker! to leeward, 
 which however proved to be only the reflexion o( the 
 feiiini; moon on the rifing furgi . 
 
 Oil the 7.4th tlu-y dilcovercd another ifland, which 
 was naiiuil the iJukt if Vtrk'i IJknJ. A teriible fea 
 biokc round the coalt, but rhc place iticif had a pleafing 
 ii|i|)oarancc. The boats landed with fomc didiculty, 
 an I brought ort'.i ureal quantity of cocoa-nuts, which 
 furnillieii ureal rJief to the fick. Thoufands of fea 
 fouls were found filling on their nefts in hijjh trees, 
 and were fo tanu' as to be calily knocked down, and 
 tin re were lari;e luiinbers of land cralis on thegrouiu!. 
 'I'liis illand lias a large lake in the middle of It, but 
 they found nu inhabitants. 
 
 On the 'Jt9th the commodore failed northward, with 
 a view to crofs the equinoi^iial line, and then itcercd 
 for the Ladrones. (Jn the zd of July they difcovered 
 a low flat iiland, abounding with the cocoa-nut, and 
 other trees, and awarding a molt agreeable profpeiit. 
 A gri'at number of the natives were L\:i\ on the beach, 
 many of whom, in above fixty caiUK's, [or prawsj 
 failed, and formeil a circle lound the ftiip, which 
 having furveyed for a conl'iderable time, one of the 
 Indian'! jumped out of his boat, fwam to the veflel, ran 
 up its tides in a moment, fat down on the deck, and 
 began laughing moft violently : he then ran about the 
 fliip, pilfering whatever he could lay his hands on, 
 all which tilings were taken from him as fail as itolcn. 
 I'his man having as many antic tricks as a_ monkey, 
 wasdn-tled in a jacket and trowfers, and aft'ordcd cx- 
 quifitc diverllon. He devoured fome bifcuits with 
 treat ca;.n,rnefs, and after having played maiw antics 
 111 his new drefs, refolvtd at laltto carry it off, which 
 lie efteited by jumping over the fliip's fide, and fwim 
 niing to his companions. After this, feveial others 
 /"warn to the fliip, and getting up to the ^un-room 
 ports, fhewed their difjiofition to theft by leiaing on 
 liime petiv pri«c, and tlicii making their way through 
 the fea, eiifily efcaped with their booty. 
 
 Thefe Indians arc defcribed as being of a light cop- 
 
 ficr coloured complexion, well made and tall) their 
 iiir which is long and black, being cither tied in three 
 knots or hr.nging in a large bunch behind, as fancy 
 leads the wea' er. They had their cars bored, which 
 bore the firongell marks of their having woine heavy 
 ornamenis in tliera, foinc of them being drawn down 
 ill moft as low as their fhouldcrs. As to their orna- 
 ments in general, they appeared to be (hells ftrung to- 
 gether antl worn round the neck, the wrift, and waift: 
 in other rclpciits they were naked. A ftrinc of hu- 
 man teeth was the decoration which one of Uc chiefs 
 chnfe fo.liis vvaift; and fomc of them carried fpears 
 that for the length of three feet were ftuck with (harks 
 teeth which were as (harp as any pointed inftrumcnt 
 of iicel. When fome cocoa-nuts were (hewn them by 
 the Engli(h, and figns made that more were wanted, 
 they endeavoured to ftcal what they faw without giv- 
 ing the ncceflary diredtions. To this place the officers 
 gave the name of Byron's Ifland, in honour of their 
 commander. It is laid down in l" 18' of fouth lati- 
 tude, and 173" 56' of eaft longitude. From hence 
 they failed on the 3d of July; and on the 21ft the 
 ;rtw were again ill tf the fcurvy, having conlumed 
 all the cocoa-nuts which niiglit have remedied this dif- 
 ordcr. The extreme heat of the weather alfo occa- 
 fiontd fcveial of the crew to be vifited with the flux, 
 which added to their diftreflcs. 
 
 On the 22d the commodore failed for the ifland of 
 Tiiiian, and, within fix days, the^yfawthe three iflands 
 ef Saypan, 'linian, and Aiguignan, between two 
 
 and three degrees diflant fr.>m rui.li ntKi:. Alidur 
 n<ion, on the jil), they aiicliiiHd at the Ibiiih-wdt 
 end of 't'iniin, where Commodore Aiilnii had before 
 anchuicd with the Cvnlurinn. Though the water 
 was 144 feet deep here, yet they lound it i.'wlear tlut 
 the>' could fee the ground at the botioin, 
 
 Mr. liyron going on (hore, law many huts uliidi 
 had been lift there by the Spaniards the ";ar hcluie i 
 and, having pitched u|ion a proper Iput tvhiieun to 
 ttctX tents lor the fick, he and Ins conipitiy cent in 
 fcarcli of tliofe beautiful lawns and me: ds >A v«liich 
 the reader has had fu luxuriant u dele iption in the 
 voyage of Commodore Anfuil. In this auempt tliey 
 worked their way through thick woods, tu. under* 
 went much difliculty for which they were ill tcw^rded 
 when they cimc to the place where they exjie-dtcd to 
 view thile inchanting fccnes. 'I'hey found the lavsus 
 covered with rccdt, in which their legs, being olun 
 intanglcd, were cut at with whip-curd. In fume 
 places thelc reeds grew higher than a man's hi.ad, and 
 in none lei's than half the height. They were covered 
 with flies which, when they opened their mouths. 
 
 freuiiently got down their throats, 
 bull, which 
 
 Having killi'd 
 
 h was all their atchicvement in this fruitleft 
 xjiedition, they then retired much dillatisHed to tlie 
 tents, which had been let up while they were ubfent, 
 and a party was lent afterwards to fetch away their 
 prize. 1 hu preceding day the invalids had been 
 brought on (hore, and on the flrft ofAuguft they began 
 to clear the well, which Mr. Hyron fuppofes to be the 
 fame where Mr. Anfon's people had watered, but 
 lie fays the water is bracki(h and full of worms. At 
 one time while they lay here, (o violent a weA wind 
 ar<>fe that the veflels were forced to put to fea, for fear 
 of being driven on the rocks and dafhed to pieces. 
 
 They had brought on (hore the armourer s forge to 
 repair the iron-work of tlie (hips i and the commo- 
 dore remained In his tent having been violently at- 
 tacked by the fcurvy. Though the crew in gener.J 
 recovered from this diforder, yet many fell lick of 
 fevers, two of whom died, being the (irft they had 
 loft fincc they had left )'>^^l;'.nd. The rains were 
 continual and violent, and the heat cxccflivc. I'hef 
 were conftantly tormented with infei5ls ;* flies bjr 
 day, and niiifliittos by night, were their conftanu 
 troublefomc companions. Scorpions, the reptile called 
 Centipieds and black ants were alfo found here in a- 
 bundance. Some of the crew were fent out to kill cat- 
 tle. When they h.id bcenabfent two days and nights 
 killing a bullock, they had near eight miles to drajr it 
 to the beach, «nd when it arrived it was gener;niy 
 fly-blown and (luiik. In the mean time this toil con- 
 tributed to add to the number of tbofe afflidied with 
 fevers, and fo continued to heighten the inconve- 
 niences they fu(rere(l in this part of the world. The 
 wild hogs furnilhed their chief fupply of fre(h pri^ 
 vifions ; they killed fome of thefe that weighed near 
 200 pounds. Their grcatcft convenience arofe (rom 
 a method found out oy a negro for cnfnariiig thefo 
 creatures, by which means they had frc(h meat in the 
 veflels as well as on (bore, a number of them being 
 fent on board .nlivc. As to poultry, the (hip's cnx\r- 
 pany could kill a fufliciency of them, but, in leCs ihan 
 anliour after they had killed them, their flefh turned 
 green, and fwarmcd with maggots : However, .it 
 length finding a fpot where there was plenty of cattle, 
 an<r contriving to b;Jcc bread every day lor the &ck, 
 they got a tolerable fupplyjof provifions to relievciheni. 
 
 The ifland of Saypan is defcribeJ as larger and more iflanJar Say» 
 pleafant than that of Tinian. It is generally cm ered i«». 
 withtrees^'and abounds with the animals called Gua- 
 nicoes. There was reafon to believe that the Spani- 
 ards carried on a pearl filhery there at certain periods -, 
 large heaps of the pearl oyfter (hells were feen, as well 
 as other marks of fome Europeans having lately been 
 in thofe parts. 
 
 * It it rclsied cIih ihe tlitrmomeicr generally flood at ]t be- 
 iiR only f Jcgtcci lets thu the lic«t «l tlic L>lu«d at the human 
 iieait. 
 
 TlK 
 
f 
 
 CAPTAIN W A L L I s. 
 
 ».U 
 
 The fiek being tolerably well rccoveiwl, tlic com 
 mcxiorc weiuhcd anclinr Hiid r.iilcd froin Tiiiiun on 
 the 30tli of ^••ptcnlbcr, Orerinu tnthenorlhwiird. On 
 theitithol' thi. next inunlh Icvcral land birdi thai 
 fecmed niucli fatigued flew near the vellcl, and one of 
 them reftcd on the bowi, abijut a« large as a goofe, il» 
 beak, whii'h wa« of an extraordinary lingtli and thlck- 
 nefi, wat black, as alfo were iti Icgn i the other parts 
 of the b'jdy were white. 
 TimotDt They came to an anchor off the ifland of Timoan, 
 
 on the jfh of November, where Mr. Byron laiultd the 
 next day. The inhahit*nts proved to be Malays, 
 many ot whom when they faw the boat approaching 
 the ihore, c^uic down to the beach, having c.ich u 
 fpcar in one hand and a long knife in the otncr, and 
 a d.igger by his fide. However, the boat's crew landed 
 and exch.iriged a few handkerchiefs for a doxen of 
 fowls a kid and a Roat. 'I'licfc Malays were well 
 made but fmall of ftaturc, and of a copper complex- 
 ion. On their heads they wore turbans, and had 
 pieces of cloth faftened witn Tilver clafpt round their 
 waiils ) only one old man among them wai habited 
 nearly in the njanner of the Perfians. Aj to their 
 houfcs they are built accordins to the cuftom which 
 wc have already noticed on poftt about eight feet from 
 theground, arecompofed of flit bamboo and very neatly 
 contrive<l. The cocoa-nut and cabbage trees arc to 
 be found here in abundance, and there arc alfo fome 
 free grounds upon the illand. An animal was brough 
 on board alive, while the fhips lay here at anchor 
 that had legs like thofc of a deer, with a body like 
 a hare, which proved to be very fine eating. The 
 crews catched large quantities of^ fifh ii\ the harbour, 
 from whence they failed on the 7th of the month. Mr. 
 Byron having anchored in the narbour of Pulo Tou- 
 poa, nothing happened worth notice till the 14th, 
 when he faw a floop at anchor in the fame harbour, 
 The vefTel hoiftcd Dutch colours, and he fent an of- 
 ficer on board her, who was received with great po- 
 litencfs, tea being immediately ordered for him and 
 his attendants, but he could not make them undcrfland 
 him, the crew confifting entirely of Malays. This 
 vcirel, was made of flit bamboo, which had on each 
 quarter a piece of timber that fcrvcd to (leer her 
 inOead of a rudder. 
 
 The commodore failed the following d.iy, and held 
 his courfe till the igth when he fpoke with an Englifh 
 fnow, bound from Beneoolcn to Malacca and Ben- 
 gal, in the Eaft-India Company's fervicc. At this 
 time their hifcuit was filled with worms and rotten, 
 and their beef and pork were ftinking. The mafler of 
 the fnow being apprifcd of this circumftancc, fent 
 Mr. Byron two gallons of arrack, a turtle, twelve 
 fowN, and a (hcep, which is fuppofed to h.ive been 
 half his (lock, and for which he refufed to accept the 
 llighteft return. They dropped their anchor this day 
 in the rond of Sum.ttra ; and on the 27th came to an 
 anchor in that of Batavia. Having anchored nearer 
 the town on the following day, they fired eleven guns, 
 which were returned ; and an Englifh (hip from Bom- 
 bay fired thirteen guns in honour of the commodore. 
 Tfie Dutch commodore fent his boat on board the 
 Dolphin, under the command of his cockfwain, who 
 made but a Ihabby appearance } he put fevcral queflions 
 
 to Mr. UyriPM rilpi i;!!!^ 1 i> \fiy(if,r uiid dilliiKiiiOf, 
 and tiiok a bunk Ihhii his ,H)tkit t" Wiite iIovmi 1i'> 
 .ilifweis, which Ml. liyroii (HifiilLriiu; .in .mi ilulij; 
 nity, ilefued him inllantly tu icave ihi' liiip, and lliu<> 
 iiickd his vilit. 
 
 Mr. Bvron vifiting the Dutch commnjorc at hi- 
 country hoiifc was received with (',uut p'.llit^•n^•^^, aii<l 
 toUl that he mi^ht t.ikc a hoii^' in any p irt ol tl'i- city, 
 or be loilj;ed at the hotel. Any inhabit.iiif of Bafav ;i 
 pvrniitliii,'. .1 (liMiiwr to (lecp, tlii)ii;.',li liiii foi a fiiig. • 
 night ill Ins houle, incurs a P'li lit/ "t 500 dnlLiis, 
 the hotil being the only licenfed lud;.;ing hoiid-, tin: 
 fjovernor appoints the keeper of it, wlio at this time 
 was a Frenchman. This hotel is the moll fii|Ril) 
 building in the i y, having nioivof tlic .111 of.i iiaiai." 
 than an inn. All the llreetsofUafavi.i which aic well 
 difpofcd, have can.ils riiiiniiig throur^li them, andrc- 
 femblc the cities of Holland. 
 
 The inhabitants are a motley licr.l of Dutch, Portu- 
 ffucfe, C'hiiiefe, I'erfiaiis, Mooi>-, Malays, Jaianele, 
 Jvc. and their numbers are aina/.iiigly guat, the 
 Chinefc live in a kind of fvparatc towns, without the 
 city w.iIIh, and dial very largelv, having annually ten 
 or twelve vcllels laden from Cliina. The road,<, for 
 fevcral miles round the city, are very wiile, and have n 
 can.nl, (liaded with trees, running by them i which i« 
 broad enough for the navigators of la ;e vcflcls. 
 Adjoining to this canal arc the country ' .iiifes nj 
 gardens of Jhe citizens. The (hips rem., i.d in t.iis 
 harbour till the loth of December, when t ley faili !, 
 being faluted with eleven guns from the fort, anil 
 thirteen by the Dutch commotlore, during their r,i, 
 from hence to Prince's Illand, in the (Ireijjht of Sunda, 
 they were (o abundantly fupplied with tuitle, . y boat* 
 from Java (hore, that the common failors fubliftcd 
 wholly on that fi(h. 
 
 At Prince's Idand they (laid till the tgth, wheti 
 they failed for the cape of'^Good Hope. On the loth 
 of February, they faw a great (hioke arlfing from a 
 fandy be.-ich, which they fuppofed to have been made 
 by the Hottentots. On the 13th they came to anchor, 
 and the next morning the governor lent his coach and 
 fix for the commodore, and received him with great 
 politcnefs, offering him the .iccommodations ot the 
 company's houfe in the garden, and the ulc of his 
 coach. The cape is a fine country, fituated in a 
 healthy climate, and abounding with various kinds of 
 refrefliments. In a paddock, adjoining the Compa* 
 ny's garden, which is extremely elegant, odrichcs, 
 and other curious birds and animals arc con- 
 (lantly kept. The commodore frequently gave his 
 men permiflion to g:o on (hore, and they as condantly 
 returned intoxicated with the Cape wine. They failed 
 on the jth of March, and on the 25th crofted the 
 equinoflial line. 
 
 At this time an accident happening to the rud- 
 der of the Tamar, and it being impolTible to make a 
 perfe£l repair of it at Tea, the captain was ordered to 
 bear for Antigua, in confequcnc. ' 'hich, they 
 parted company on the fird of April . •' 'lo Dolphin, 
 without meeting with any other m?.;ei;..i occurrence, 
 came to an anchor in the Downs, on the 9th of May, 
 1766, after having circumnavigated the globe in about 
 22 months. 
 
 ■I.', 
 
 The 
 
 THE VOYAGE OF CAPTAIN WALLIS, 
 ROUND THE WORLD. 
 
 THE command of hisMajefty's (hip the Dolphin, 
 being given to Samuel Wallis, Efq; which 
 vcHcl was dellined for a voyage round the world, he 
 fell down the river on the 26th of July, and on the 
 l6th of Aiigud came to an anchor off Plymouth found. 
 Three days afterwards he received failing orders, with 
 dircAions to take alfo the Prince Frederic and the 
 
 Swallow under his command. On the aid, the 
 veffels failed, and on the 7th of September came to 
 an anchor in the road of Madeira. 
 
 They failed from thence on the i2tli, after having 
 taken in beef, wine, and onions, as fea (lores. On 
 the'i6th as they were failing off the Ifland of Palma, 
 at the rate of eight niilc« an hour, the wind fuddenly 
 
 died 
 
 'P 
 
 M 
 
 4^^ 
 
inWi^^ 
 
 151 
 
 THE VOYAGE OF 
 
 766 (lied away, fo that the vcflcl lay quite ftill. On the 
 V— — ' 20th they catclicd feveral boncttas, out of a great 
 number which furrounded the (hip; and thisdayihey 
 f.uv fome herons flying to the eaftward. The fwallow, 
 which was a bad tailor, parted from the other vcflels, 
 in the night between the 21ft and 22d ; but (he joined 
 company again on the 24th at the diftance of about 
 fiN leagues from the ifle of May. On the fame day 
 three veflcK came to an anchor at Port Praya, in that 
 ifland. The next morning they got leave from the 
 commanding ofiicer at the fort to cet water and other 
 neccli'arics. As this was the fickly feafon, and the 
 fmall-pox ' .as very fatal in thofe parts, every man 
 who had not had th?t diftemper was detained on board 
 by the captain. Great quantities of fifli were cauglit 
 here, aivl fume wild purflain was found, which proved 
 very refrclhing. 
 
 Having procured cattle and water, they failed from 
 hence on the 28th, and in the night faw the burning 
 mountain of Terra del Fucgo. Captain Wallis now 
 ordered every man to be furnifhcd with a hook and 
 line, in order that he might fupply himfelf with iifli, 
 and likewifc to prevent infc<Stion, he ordered that no 
 fifh fhould be kept above 24 hours. The butter and 
 checfe being all expended, they began to fcrve the 
 crew on the 20th with oil, and orders were given for 
 the remainder of the voyage, that once a fortnight 
 they (hnuld be fervcd with niullard and vinegar. On 
 the 22tl they judged that they were not at a great dif- 
 tance from land, from the fight of a great number of 
 birds. Two days after this, orders were given for ferv- 
 ing the men with brandy and the wine was referred 
 for fuch as were fick among tliem. 
 
 The Prince Frederic fprang a leak on the 27th, and 
 at the fame time her crew were (o fickly, through the 
 fatigue of pumping and the badnefs of their provi- 
 (ions, that Lieutenant Brine, iur commander, was 
 appiehenfive he could not keep company much longer 
 unlefs he could have fome aiCftance given him. 1 he 
 carp<'Mtcr and lix failors were fent on board, but 
 the captain was unable to fupply her with better pro- 
 viHons ; and as the carpenter found he could do little 
 towards (topping the leak in the llore-fliip, the Dol- 
 phin and Swallow completed their provillons from 
 her, and put empty oil jars, flavcs, and iron hoops 
 uji board her. 
 
 Arriving at the 30th degree of f( uth latitude on 
 the 12th of November, though it is then the fum- 
 mer feafon in theft climates, the men found the wea- 
 ther fo cold that they were obliged to put on their 
 thick jackets. A meteor was obferved on the i8th of 
 this month about nine at night, which flew from the 
 north-call to the fouth-weft, leaving fuch a train of 
 liglit as equalled the brightnefs of mid-day. Three 
 or four days afterwards they faw, befides whales, 
 fcals, fnipcs, plovers, and other birds, the tokens of 
 l;md, which they difcovercd on the 8th of Decemb.:r, 
 and un the Qth a fort of red Ihrimps furrounded the 
 fliip, which difcolourcd the fca about them. 
 
 Being near Cape Virgin on the l6th, they faw 
 feveral men riding on the (horc, by whofe ligns it was 
 undcrftood that they wifticd them toland. When the 
 vclTcb came to an anchor, it was obferved that the na- 
 tives fliuuted aloud, and keeping up large Arcs, re- 
 mained oppofitc the fbip all night. 7'hc captain, 
 with a bo.it's crew from each ftiip, went on fliorc in 
 the inornmg, and having made ftgns to the Jndiatts to 
 lit down, diliributed among them, combs, buttons, 
 knives, and various toyr, and picafcd the women 
 much by giving them fome ribbands. Afterwards he 
 took fume pains to make them underlland that he 
 wnuMgive them fome bill-hooks and hacchets, whicli 
 lie fticwid them, in exchange for guanicocs and of- 
 triehcs, but they were cither ignorant of his mean- 
 ing, or did not chufe to underftand him. 
 
 With rc?,Trd to the fize of thefc |ieople, according 
 to the moiiexacit account, the talleft among them were 
 alxiiitfix feecfevcn inches in hei;;Ut, feveral others were 
 an inch or two Ihorter ; but from Ave feet ten inches, 
 to fix feet and upwards fecnied to be the ilandard, 
 7 
 
 which hy the mod moderate calculation is three inches 
 at Icaft above that of our country ; and as to a man 
 of fix feet feven, the reader need not be told that he 
 is lookcdonat agiantamongft us. Tbefe people wci;e 
 mufcular and well made, but their hands and feet 
 were remarked to be fmall in proportion to their bo- 
 dies. Their drefs was the fkin of the guanicoe, with 
 the hairy fide turned inwards ; and fome of them wore 
 a fort of fuuare piece of cloth wove from iht^ hair 6f 
 that animal, a hole being cut to admit the head ; and 
 the garment thus made, refiChcd to the knees. They 
 had i)efides a fort of bufltin that reached frorn the 
 middle of the leg to tlie inftep, and was alfo conveyed 
 under the heel ; but the reft of the foot was bare. 
 Their hair, which was very long and coarfc, was tied 
 back with a piece of' cotton, and their complexion 
 was of the dark copper colour. Their horfes, on 
 which both men and women rode aflride, were about 
 14 hands high, and their dpg» ap|)earcd to be of the 
 SpanUh kind. Some of the men h;td wooden (puts, 
 and feveral of them had their arms painted ; the faces 
 of others were varioufly marked, and ibme were fecn 
 that had their eyes inclofed with a painted circle. 
 Two round (tones inclofed with leather, formed their 
 arms, one beinc; held in the hand, the other was 
 fwung round the head for fome time, and then dif- 
 chargcd from a firing of eight feet in leaath, with 
 great violence as from a fling. By this cord they alfo 
 caught guanicoes and oftriches, throwing it in (uch a 
 manner as to hamper the legs of their prey*. The peo- 
 ple were found here to be great talkers, and frequently 
 ufing the word Ca-pi-ta-ne, they were fpoken to in 
 Portugucfe, Spanifh, French and Dutch* of neither 
 of which languages they appeared to have any idea : 
 But it was remarked that they learned to pronounce 
 Englifh words readily enough, and particularly ufed 
 the fentence, " £ngli(hmen come on Ihorc, with 
 great facility. 
 
 As they <ecmcd defirous of going on board, the 
 captain took eight of them into the boats, on which 
 they inftantly beean finging for joy j but when they 
 came into the fhip, they cxpreiusd no kind of fur- 
 prife at the novelties they l>ehcld, till a looking glafs 
 being (hewn them, they a£ted many antic ge(turcs before 
 it, occafionally walking to and from it, talking car- 
 ncAly and laughing immoderately. They would drink 
 nothing but water, but they eagerly ate every article 
 of the (hip's provifions. They were highly pleafed 
 with the turkies, guinea-hens, hogs, and flicep on 
 board ; and one of them making figns that he (hould 
 be glad of fome clothes, the captain gave him a pair 
 of (liocs and buckles, and prefented each of the reft 
 with a little bag, in which were new fixpenccs and 
 half-pence, with a ribband pa(red through a hole in 
 them, to hang round their necks ) there were alfo in 
 it a looking-glafs, a comb, fome beads, a knife, a 
 pair of fcifliirs, fome twine, and a few flips of cloth : 
 fome tobacco being ofl^ered them, they fn\oked a few 
 minutes, but did not fecm to like it. On the marines 
 being exercifed before them, they were terrified at the 
 firing of the mufkets, and one of them falling down 
 (hut his eyes, and lay without motion, which was 
 fuppofed to intimate that he knewtlic deftruftivc nature 
 of thole weapons. It was with difficulty that they 
 were at length prevailed on to go on (horc ; one of 
 them in particular would not leave the (hip till h: had 
 fvtng a long kind of prayer, and petitioned to (tay till 
 evening, by pointing to the fuii, and then moving liis 
 hand round to the weftward. They liegan tofing as 
 foon as tlicy were in the bdht, and did not ccafe ti't 
 they had reached the (hore 1 where many of their com- 
 panions prefled eagerly to be taken on board, and were 
 highly affronted at being refufed that favour. 
 
 They turnd into the Strciehts of Maghcllan this 
 day with the tide of flood, and the fame day faw many 
 people on herfcback hunting the guanicoes, which 
 
 * Capiiin Willli't people oliTcrved fame of the nttivet de- 
 vouring the paunch of in aftrich rasv, after hiving turned the 
 infiilc outwards, fad Ihakca off fame af the filth. 
 
 ran 
 
CAPTAIN ' W A L L'l 3. 
 
 m 
 
 ran 
 
 rait up the coantry with pfoJigious rwiftnef!); The 
 hatives tig;hted fires oppofite tlic fhips, and in the 
 morning about 400 of them were obfcrved in a valley 
 with tlteir horfe;) feeding near thenii This being the 
 (pot where Mr. Byron (aw the Patagonians, Come of- 
 ficers werefeiit towards tho fliorct but with orders not 
 ro land, as the (hips were too far off to give them af- 
 fiftance. i*.s tliey drew near the fhorc^ many of the 
 natives flocked towards themj among- whom were wo- 
 men and ciiildren, and Ibmc of the fame meh they had 
 iecn the preceding day : thole waded towards the boat« 
 frequently callmg out, " Engliihmen come on 
 Ihore i" and were with difHculty ke|>t from coming on 
 board, when they found the crews would not laitdi 
 Some bread, tobarco, and toyit, were diftributcd, but 
 no provifiohs could be obtained in exchartge for thefe 
 articles. The tide was fo violent on the 23d, that 
 the ihips were driven three feveral ways i but in the 
 evening they were fafcty anchored. On Chriftmas- 
 day they procured « quantity of celery from Eliza- 
 beth's I Hand, which being boiled with portable-foup 
 and wheat, the crews brcakfafted on it for feveral 
 daysi Upon this ifland were foutid many huts, and 
 two dogs were feen ; but the Indians had quitted their 
 abodes for the prefent. They obferved tnatiy moun- 
 tains, which, though it was then the midft of fum- 
 mer, were in a great degree covered with fnow. 
 
 They antihorod in the bay of Port Famine on the 
 26th, and the fiek were fent on ftiore. Where a tent 
 wa$ere<5ied for their reception, as was another for 
 the accommodation of the fail-makers, and thofe who 
 landed to get wood ; the empty water-caflcs were landed 
 on the 28th, and 011 the fame day great quantities of 
 fifli were caught, among which were fmelts. On fhfir 
 arrival hare, many of the people were very ill of the 
 fcurvy } but by the plentiful ttfe of vegetables, and boih- 
 ingia thefea, in aifaorttirae they recovered. And now 
 all hands were employed in repairing and ftoring the 
 fhips, and thoufands of young trees were carefully 
 taken up with tlie mottkl about them, tohc carriiid to 
 Falkland's Iflamls, which produce no timber. The 
 mafter of the Dolphin^ who had hten in fearch of 
 anchoring places, returned on the- 17th of January 
 with an accounr, that he found fuch an were proper for 
 the purpofe, and the Prince Frederick (hiled for Falk- 
 land's Iflands the fame day. 
 
 They -ame to an airchor on the 17th, half a mile 
 from thefhore, oppofite a current of frefh water, that 
 falls rapidly from the mountains. But having difco- 
 vered a more convenient anchoring place, and at the 
 fame time better adapted f<)r procuring wood and wa- 
 ter, they failed again the next day, and came to an 
 anchor in the bay of Cape Gallant on the 23d. ' Here 
 they C4ught wild ducks in fuch numbers as to afford 
 them vciy fcafonible relief. The mafter of the Swal- 
 low climbed on^ of the high mountains, with the 
 hope of getting a view of tlte South Sea'i but being 
 difappointed in his expectations, he erected a pyramid, 
 and havinc written the (hip's ilame, and' (he date of 
 t'ke year, he left: the fame, with a (hilling within the 
 itiuAure. 
 
 They faw an im^mal on the 24th, that was as fwtfl 
 as a deer, and had a^ cloven foot) but in other refpeAs 
 was like an *fs. The country here has a moft fnr- 
 bidding stlpbA. The lo*er pkrt oi" the vaft moun- 
 tains oh both fides (he (freight are covered with trees, 
 A fpice 6f which is occupied by Avithered'fhrabs j 
 higher up are fragments of broken rocks and heaps of 
 &10W, and the tops are intirely naked and defolate. 
 On the «8th they faw a great fmoke on the fouthern 
 (hore, and another on Prince Rupert's Ifland ; fome 
 peopit being fent on (hore the ne« morning for wa- 
 Ur, they had no fooner landed, than (feveral of the 
 natives came o(F in three canoes, and having advanced 
 towards the Tailors, made figns of friendfhip, which 
 being anfwered to their wi(h, they (houtcd aloud, and 
 the Englilh (houted in return. When the Indians 
 came up, they were eating the flefh of feals raw, and 
 were covered with the (kins, which ftunk intolerably. 
 Tlify h.-td' hrtws, arrowst *'«1 javelins, the two lad 
 
 V'ot. I. N" 14. 
 
 of wliich wet« pointed #!th flint, "tite talteft of 1767 
 thefe people did not meafurc more than five feet fix * > < 
 inches, and they were of a deep copper complexion. - 
 Three of the natives who were taken on board the 
 Dolphin) aie whatever food was-giventlum, but, like 
 the Patagoniansi would drink only water, they were 
 likewiie'highly diverted with a looking-glafs« in which 
 they at firlt looked with great furprife, till, having 
 become more familiar with it* they fmilcd at the nO' 
 vcltyt and when they obferved the figure in the glafs 
 fmiltd alfo, they bur(t -tMo moft immoderate fits of 
 laughter at its effcAs. Hlthc captain going on (hore 
 with thi^m, prefented fome trinkets to nisir wives and 
 children, niid received fome of their arm!)^ and piece* 
 of mundic, of the kind found in the Corni(h tilt 
 mines, in return. Thefe Indians went off in canoei 
 that had feaUlkin fails. 
 
 On the 3d of February the (hip« failed, and came 
 to an anchor in York Road on the fame d.iy. Capti 
 Wallis went on (hore the next morning with aparty« 
 near Bachelor's river, where he faw fome Indiait 
 huts, and feveral dogs which ran away the moment 
 they were obferved ; they likewife faw oftriches, and 
 colleifted various kinds of fi(h and fome vegetables of 
 the country. There is a catara£t near this river, the 
 jioifeof which is tremendous, the water falling more 
 than 400 yards, partly over a very fteep defcent, and 
 partly in a perpendicular line. Having failed on the 
 14th, they came to an anchor again tiic fame day in 
 York Rood, after having loft ground by the contrary 
 winds, and were driven with fuch violence the next 
 morning by the current, as tobe in continual ex peiftiition 
 of being daflied againft the rocks, from which they were 
 frequently not haJf the length of the (hip j but they 
 were providentially preferved, and came to an anchor 
 in Butler's Bay, which was fo called from die name B^tjjt-jBjyj 
 of one of the mates, by whom it was firft difcovercd. 
 Keeping their ftation here till tlie 20th, they were 
 then encountered by a moft violent ftorm, attended 
 with hail ,artd rain, whicii increafed till the evenings 
 the fea breaking over the fore-caftle upon the quarter- 
 deck : yet, as the cables did not part, they were again 
 wonderfully preferved. Here they rerr^aincd eight 
 days, taking in wood and water, and repairing the 
 little damage the (hip had fuftained in the ftorm. In 
 the mean time they caught fi(h, among which were 
 mufclesnear fix inches long, and procured plenty of 
 vegetables. The mountains in this neighbourhood 
 had the moft rugged and defolate appearance. Their 
 heads fecmcd to be loft in the clouds ; and fome of 
 them on the fouthern (hore, produced not a fingle 
 blade of grafs, while the valleys, equally barren, and 
 almoft covered with fnow, had a very melancholy ap- 
 pearance. They fct fail again on the firft of March) 
 and anchored on the fame day in a bay which was 
 called Lim's Cmt, from whence they failed on Moif. 
 day. The five following days they had fuch tem-^ 
 peftuouj) weatherj that they had no profj>etft before 
 them, but that of immediate de(tru<ition : and the 
 crew ori board the Dolphin were fo prepoftefled that 
 the Swallow could not ride out the ftorm, that they 
 fancied they ftiw fome of her hands coming towards 
 them over the rocks. During a fortnight that they re- 
 mained at this place, they were at two-thirds alIo\v<- 
 ance, brandy excepted, which was found highly ufei 
 ful to keep up their fpirits. Both the veHSls were 
 fafcly anchored in a place called Swallow Harbourj 
 on the 15th, from whence they failed tho next morn-' 
 ingi and on the following day the Swallow, being 
 driven among breakers, made a fignal of diftrefs ; but 
 a breeze from the (hore happily relcafed her. 
 
 The waves ran high that aay, and there was fo 
 thick a fog, that they narrowly efcapcd (hip-wreck 
 among a number of fmall iflands : the weather how- 
 ever clearing up.a little in the afternoon, they came to 
 an anchor in a bay under Cape Upright. Two ca- 
 noes having on boairl feveral Indians, on the 19th 
 cime along-fide the Dolphin, who had with them a 
 great quanty Of feal's flefh, blubber, and penguins, 
 which they ate without any kind of drclTing. A 
 !> f, . . failot 
 
 I 
 
 ^tijI^Mj^; 
 
»v 
 
 «S* 
 
 •»!^ 
 
 THE VOYAGE OF 
 
 f«ilor having elugkt t fifli bigger than a herring, gave 
 it to one of them, who killed it by a bite near the 
 gills, and inftantl/ devoured it'. They would not 
 drink any liquor but water, they eagerly ate provifiont 
 of any kind, boiled, roafted, raw, fait or frefli. 
 Though the weather was very cold, thcfe favages had 
 no covering but a f»l-<kin, and even that they did 
 not wear when they were rowing. They had all fore 
 eyes, probably occaftoned by the fmoke of their fires, 
 and they live in fuch a nafty way that they fmcll 
 ^uite rank. They had a kiod of javelin pointed with 
 bone, which they ufe in ItrUcing fifli. The captain 
 gave them a few baubles, with which they departed 
 extremely well pleafed. One nicht 22 of the Tailors 
 ftaying on .-in ifland, 30 of the natives hurried 
 to their boats, and began to make free with its 
 contents. I'he failors had juft time to hinder their 
 intended depredations, at which the favages appeared 
 to be much inraged, and betook themfclves to their 
 poles and javelins ; but fome I'mall prefents made them 
 by the own, pacified them on this occafion. It 
 proving a fine day on the 30th, the crew employed 
 themfelves in drying the lails. The next day fume 
 Indians coming oti board, proved to be the fame peo- 
 ple whom they had fecn on fliore before. 
 
 Some of the natives, on the firft of April, fold thenv 
 feveral of the birds called racc-horfcs, and the day fol- 
 lowing eiglit of the Indians brought fix of their chil- 
 dren on board, to whom the Captain gave necklaces 
 and bracelets. The Indians here appeared to be re- 
 markably tender of their children, and delicate in re- 
 gard to their women. A boat having been ordered 
 on fliore in order to procure wood and water, fome of 
 the natives had come on board, and others were in 
 canoes along-fide of the (hip. The latter kept their 
 eyes fixetl u|)on the boat, and when (be put off, called 
 loudly to their companions, who diredly handed down 
 the children, and jumped into the canoes which 
 had followed the boat with the grcateft expedition, 
 all the time crying out as if they were in the utmoft 
 dilhcfs. When the boat came near the land, fome 
 women ap|»cartd among the neks to whom the In- 
 dians called in like manner, on which tliey all ran 
 away. The crew, however, remarking their jealous 
 fear, lay on their oars in order to convince them, that 
 thc-y intended no injury. The Indians, however, 
 drew their canoes on Chore, and halhly followed the 
 women. 
 
 The men now began to be troubled with fluxes, 
 on which account, at the rcqucft of the furgeon, it 
 was ordered, that no more muCcles (which hadhither- 
 tu been found in plenty) (hould be brought on board. 
 Tlic two veflels failed nt company on tlie loth of this 
 month, and, on the nth they lolt fightofeach other, 
 nor did they meet again during the whole courfc of 
 the voyage. The iJolphin cleared the ftreights this 
 day, after having encountered innumerable difficulties 
 and ilanj;ers on Iter paflage through theni, for the fpace 
 of three calendar months and 25 days. • 
 
 Among the obfcrvations of our author, he takes 
 particular notice of the Spanifti town built with 
 a view to command the Maghellanic Streights. 
 As the reader has had an account already ot the 
 wretched fate of the colony left there in 1581, we 
 fllall only take notice that mod of them were ftarved 
 tu death, and this uncomfortable place received the 
 appellation of Fort Famine, which it retains to this 
 d ly. Cape Holland Bay, and the adjacent country 
 whi-re fi(h wire caught in great plenty, produced alio 
 cranberries and wild celery j but no birds were to be 
 found thereon. At Cape Gallant Bay they found 
 wood, water, vegetables, and fifll as well as at 
 Elizabeth's Biiy, and York Road. At Butler's Bay 
 Wire procured rock-filh, mufcles, wild fowl, &c. 
 i^ion Cove, and Goodluck Bay, were found to pro- 
 duce nothing but wood and water. At Swallow har- 
 bour, where the mountains were the mod defolate 
 
 » Itik to Im ul)kricd licic, a> in lie former voyiB, ihit ivc 
 b»ic .; 11 ''I rxj.ilj cii|.iiil ili« writer', account of ail the lieir 
 ingi, ui-.Miu-tii^. m ilie i:auiU ut tlic vcllcii tlirou^h tlicP 
 
 that ever could be imagined they procured mufcies and 
 rock fifh, and wild fowl and fiih were taken, while 
 they were at anchor in Upright Bay. 
 
 Holding a weflward courle on Sunday the 12th of 
 April, a number of gannets, pintadoes, and other 
 birds were feen flying about the fliip, the upper works 
 of which being open, and the clothes and bedding 
 always wet, in a few day* the failors were attacked 
 with colds and fevers. The fick were brought on 
 deck, on the 27th of this month, which proved a 
 fine day ; and they were nouriflied with falop and 
 portable foup in which wheat was boiled ; but the 
 violent winds loon vifiting them again, the bedding 
 was wet through as before ; and the ihip being in 
 danger of lofing her mails, it was thought neceiliiry 
 to alter their courfc. From this time till the 14th of 
 May, nothing material happened. On that day 
 fumething like high land appeared, and a number of 
 brown birds were feen, but fteering for the quarter 
 where they expend to fall in with it, they found 
 themfclves difappointed } though the figns were fome- 
 times renewed. In fliort, it was not till the 6th of 
 June that land was really difcovered to the W. N. W. 
 This proved to be a low ifland, at five or fix leagues 
 diftance, which was at length difcovered from the 
 deck, to the great joy of the fliip's company. 
 
 When they came within five miles of this ifland 
 another was difcovered. To the firfl of tbefe iflands 
 a boat was fent, under the command of the fecond 
 lieutenant, the crew being properly provided with 
 arms. On their approaching the (hore, two canoes 
 were feen to put off to the other ifland. The crews 
 however landed, gathered fome cocoa-nuts and a 
 quantity of fcurvy-grafs, and then returned to the 
 ihips, bringing with them fome fifli-hooks made of 
 oyfter fhells, that had belonged to the natives. In this 
 excurfion they faw three huts, fupported on pofts, and 
 open all routui, but thatched with cocoa and palm 
 leaves, ingenioufly wrought together. As no anchor- 
 age was to be found, and the whole ifland was cncom- 
 pafl'ed with rocks and breakers, the captain refolvcd 
 to fteer for the other ifland, giving the name of Whit- 
 fun Ifland to this, bccaufe it was difcovered on the Whitfua 
 eve of Whitfunday, Having approached the other'"* 
 ifland, about 50 of the natives, armed with pikes, and 
 fome having fire-brands in their hands, were obferved 
 running on the coaft. Two boats were fent out 
 mannedand armed, and the lieutenant was inftruAcd 
 to lleer to that part of the (hore where the people had 
 been ken ; to avoid ofKcnding tliem, and to endeavour 
 to procure water and fruit in exchange for fuch com- 
 modities as he took with him. When the boat came 
 near the (hore, the natives put themfclves in a po- 
 fition as if they would defend it with their pikes ; 
 but the crew making figns of friendlhip, and expof- 
 ing their trinkets, fome of the Indians walked into 
 the water ; to whom it was hinted, that fome cocoa- 
 nuts and water would be acceptable | which was no 
 fooncr dune, than they fetched a fmall quantity of 
 each, which they ventured to bring to the boats, and 
 received fume nails and other trifles in exchange. 
 While they were dealing, one of the Indians Dole a 
 filk handkerehief with its contents, but the thief 
 could by no means be difcovered. The boats wc/e 
 again difpatched the next morning, with orders to 
 land, if they could do it u.thot/t oiTence to the na- 
 tives. As they approached the (hore, they obferved 
 fcven large canoes, each with two mails, lying ready 
 for the Indians to embark in them i thcfe having 
 made figns to the crew to proceed farther, and this be- 
 ing done, the Indians embarked and failed wellward, 
 being joined by two canoes, at another part of the ifland. 
 Thefe latter, two of which were lalhed together, 
 appeared to be 30 feet in length, four in breadtn, and 
 three in depth. The people had long black hair 
 hanging over their (houldcrs, were of a dark com- 
 plexion, and uf a middle fize, and Ureflcd in a kind of 
 
 matting 
 
 d 
 111 
 
 RIou( 
 IflaiK 
 
 Cuml] 
 llland 
 Prince 
 Willi 
 K.nrjr 
 
 Ofnitif 
 llUad. 
 
 llreigliti, but liave only fclcAed what wc tliouglit ini^lit I14 
 molt ciuettiining or inftruiUvc to the reader. 
 
 M^ 
 
CAPTAIN WALLIS. 
 
 «« 
 
 Queen 
 
 Chirlolte't 
 
 lOuu). 
 
 Eement 
 iSmi. 
 
 Rloucefter 
 lAand. 
 
 WliiifuB 
 . lOand. 
 
 
 d. 
 
 r. 
 id 
 
 >ir 
 
 of 
 'g 
 
 mittine made faft round the middle ; and it was re- 
 marlced that the women were beautiful, and themen 
 juftly proportioned. 
 
 The lieutenant being again fent on fhore, the cap- 
 tain commanded him to take pofleflion of the ifland 
 in the Icing's name, and to call it Suitn Charlottt $ 
 JJIand. llie boats returned loaded with cocoa-nuts 
 and fcurvy-grafs after having found two wells of ex- 
 cellent water. Provifions for a week were now al- 
 lotcd for a mate and twenty men, who were left on 
 ihore to fill water \ the Tick were landed for the be- 
 nefit of the air; and a number of hands were ap- 
 pointed to climb the cocoa-trcet and gather the nuts, 
 which, in their fituation, were very dcftreable. The 
 Water wis brought on board on the lOth, but the 
 cocoa-nuts, and vegetables, which the cutter was 
 bringing off, were loft by the rolling of the waves, 
 that almoft filled her with water. Afterwards they made 
 an ifland where were found fcveral tools, refembling 
 •dzes, awls, and chiiTcls, which were formed of (hells 
 and (tones. The dead bodies were not buried, but left 
 under a kind of canopy, to decay above ground. 
 
 The (hip failed again this day, after taking DolTeflton 
 of the illands for the king; in teflimonvof which they 
 left a flag flying, and carved his majclty's name on a 
 
 Itiece of wood, and on the bark of finreral trees. They 
 eft (hillings, fixpences, halfpence, bottles, nails, 
 hatchets, and other things for the ufe of the natives. 
 It was remarkable, that on this ifland they found the 
 very people who had fled from Queen Charlotte's 
 Ifland, with feveral others, in the whole near lOO. 
 It lies in 19° 20' fouth lat. and 138'' 30^ weft long, 
 and received the nameof f^mtn/ IJUinii. 
 
 On the I ith they obferved about ftxtcen perfons on 
 an ifland which was called Gloucifitr Ifland; but as it 
 was furrounded with rocks and breakers, they did not 
 attempt to land. This day they likewife difcovcrcd 
 
 CumlKtland another, which was called Cumi/riStnt/^ni; and, on 
 
 Illand. th, djy folhiwing, a third, which received the name 
 
 WillUm "f '*""«^'= lyittiam Htnry', Ifland. 
 
 U.nty'ilflanit On the 17th they again difcovered land, and at ten 
 at ni^ht faw a light, which convinced them that it* 
 was inhabited, and remarked, that there was a plenty 
 of cocoa-trees, a certain proof that there was no want 
 of water. An officer was fcnt onfhore the day follow- 
 ing, with inftriiitions to exchange fome toys for fuch 
 tilings as the ifland produced. He faw a great num- 
 ber of the people, but could find no place where the 
 fhip miKht anchor. Some of the natives, who had 
 white fticks in their hands, appeared to have an 
 authority over the reft. While the lieutenant was 
 trafficking with them, an Indian diving into the 
 water, fcized the grappling of the boat, while his 
 companions on (hore laid hold of the rope b;^ which 
 (he was faftcned, and attempted to draw her into the 
 furf, but their endeavours were fruftrated by the fir- 
 ing of a mufquet, on which they all let go their hold. 
 Thefe Indians were drefTed in a kind of cloth, a piece 
 of which was brought to the (liip. It was concluded 
 from the number of the people (ecn, 9i>d their having 
 fomc large double canoes on the Ihore, that there were 
 larger iflands at no great diftance : the captain, there- 
 fore, having named this place Ufnabrugh Ifland, 
 made fail and foon difcoverlng high-land, came to an 
 anchor, becaufe the weather was very foggy. 
 
 The next morning early they law land, diftant 
 four or five leagues ; but, after havinjj failed towards 
 it f^Hne time, tnought it prudent again to anchor, on 
 accountof the thicknel's of the fog j but itnofooner 
 cleared away, than thev found the (hip encompaflixl 
 by a number of canoes, in which were many hundreds 
 of people. Havinc; approached the (hip, they be- 
 held it with wonder, and talked with great carneft- 
 nefs. Some bauhleo were now (hewn them, and ftgns 
 were made for them to come on board, on which they 
 rowed the cano towards each other, atld a general 
 confultation tc 'lace) at the conclufion of which 
 they all furro- '«A the (hip With an appdarance of 
 friend(hip,und -' of them delivered an oration, at the 
 ctMwlulion of M^icblhe ihrti* iniu tiu> (i»i(lit branch 
 
 *— 1 
 
 Ofntlirugh 
 lllud. 
 
 of a plantain-trecf which he had held in his hand. 
 This being done, a young Indian, of more apparent * 
 courage than the reft, ventured on board the (hip. 
 The captain would have given him fome baubles, but 
 he refufed the acceptance of them till thufe in the 
 canoes came along-(ide, and, having held a confulta* 
 tion, threw on board feveral branches of the plantain- 
 tree. Others now ventured on board ; but it was r»» 
 marked, that they all got into the (hip at fome im- 
 proper part, not one of them, even by accident, find* 
 ing the right place of afcent. 
 
 A goat belonging to the (liir, having run his horns 
 againtt the back of one of the Indians, he looked 
 round with furprize, and feting ihc animal ready to 
 renew the attack he fpran^'ccr the (hip's fide, 
 and was inftantly followed"" .^y all his country- 
 men. Their terror, however, ibon fubfuled, and 
 they returned to the (hip ; and the fhccp, hog?, and 
 poultry being (hewn them, they intimated that they 
 pofTeflcd the two latter fpecies. 
 
 The captain then gave them nails and other trifles 
 and made (igns that he wanted hogs, fowls, and fruit i 
 but ey could not comprehend him. They were 
 dctetted in feveral attempts to take away any thing 
 they could lay hold of ; but one of them, at length 
 jumped overboard with a laced hat which he had 
 fnatched from one of the officers. 
 
 The inner parts of the ifland abounds in hills, 
 cloathed with timber trees, above them are high peaks, 
 from which large rivers dcfccnd to the fea ) the houfes, 
 when feen at a diftance, refemblc barns, having no 
 (heltcr but a roof; the land towards the' fea is level, 
 and produces the cocoa-nut, with a variety of other 
 fruits, and the face of the wholecotintry is piiflurefque 
 beyond delcription. They now failetl along the (hore, 
 while the canoes, which could not keep pace with 
 them, made towards the land. In the ai'cernoon the 
 (hip brought to,and the boats being fent to found a bay 
 thatpromifcd good anchorage, the Indian canoes flocked 
 round them. The captain, apprehenfive that their 
 defigns were hoftile, made a fignal for the boats to 
 return to the (hip, and fired a gun over the heads of. 
 the Indians. Though they were frightened at the 
 report, they attempted to prevent the return of the 
 cutter; but (he eafily out-failed them. This being' 
 obferved by fome canoes in a different ftation, they 
 intercepted her, and wounded fome of her people 
 with ftones, which occafioncd the firing a mufquet, 
 and fome (hot were lodged in the (houlder of the man 
 who began the attack j which the Indians obfcrving, 
 they all made off with theutitaoft preclpittttioh. The 
 boats having reached the (hip preparations were made' 
 for failing, but a large caho6 making towards hef 
 at a great rate, it was refolved to wait the event 
 of her arrival \ on which an Indian, making a fpeech^ 
 threw a plantain branch on board, and the captain' 
 returned the compliment of peace, by giving them a 
 branch, which had been left on board by the other' 
 Indians j fome tovs being likewife given them, they 
 departed very well fatisfied. They now failed, and 
 the next morning were off a peak of land Which was 
 almoft covered with the natives and their houfes. On ' 
 the 2lft the (hip anchored, and feveral canoes came 
 along-fide of her, bringing a large quantity of fruit, 
 with fowls and hogs, for which they received nail» : 
 and toys in e^chanjge. 
 
 The boats having been fent to found' iloH^thti' 
 coaft, were followed iy> Urge double Onoes, thttei ^l 
 which ran at the cutttr, fttived in her quarter, HA) 
 otherwife damaged her, the Indians at the fame^ime, 
 armed with clubs, endeavouring to board her; the' 
 crew now fired, and wounded one inan daneeroufly, ' 
 and killing anotiicr, they both fell iftto the fea, wKhher I 
 thfir companions dived after thimi,'feiid^eo< thtfih Wto • 
 the canoe. They now fried if fh^^ coitlil IWhd'or fit, ' 
 but as one was quite dead, th^y laid htni at thi^boc- ' 
 torn of the canoe, and the- wounded man was fup- ' 
 borted ill a fitting poftnre. The (hfps boats noW ' 
 kept on their way, while (hllte of the canoes went 
 on (hore, .and others fctum^uto the ftioito Kn^ > 
 i ■,-.,.- .V- ■;- ■*.■■-- »he« 
 
 1767 
 
«16 
 
 THE V O V A GEO?) 
 
 ^ 
 
 3 ! 
 
 their merchandiijc. Whilp thelK>ats continued out 
 in ieveral founding^t tho. natives fwiin off 'to th<;m 
 with water and fruit., T1»P *"',■«'«<' wwe. pjr^cularly 
 urgent for th« bilori to land, and, putting off »ll 
 tfieir cloiiths, gave hii>t9,. of the moft indelicate na- 
 ture, liowiacceptablc their company would be... The 
 boats j^ing fcn^ on fliore with f'ofae fmall caflts to_get 
 water, the Indians AIW two pf.thcm, and k^pt all 
 tlic reft for their trouble. When the boats came off 
 the (bore was crowded with thoufands of men, women, 
 and children. 
 
 During this time, feveral canoes remained alongfidc 
 the fliipi but the captain would t\ot permit a single. 
 Indian to go on board, as , there was no guaiiding 
 iigainft their artful difpoAtions. 
 
 On the 22d, the natives brought hogs, poultry and- 
 fruit to the ihip, which they bartered for knives and 
 other things, fo that the \yhole crpw was fupplied 
 with meat for two days, by means of this traffic. The 
 boats having been this day fent for water, every inr 
 ducement was ufed by the inhabitants to perfuade them 
 to land, and the behaviour of the women was flill 
 more lafcivious than before. Having procured a fmall 
 quantity of water, the boats put off: on which the 
 women (houted aloud, pelted them with apples and 
 bananas, and fltewed every mark of contempt and dc- 
 teftation. 
 
 I'hey made fail the fallowing day, with int^n- 
 tfon to anchor off the watering-place, but, the mad 
 at the maft-head difcovering a bay a few miles to the 
 leeward, they immediately ilood for it. I'hc boats, 
 which were a-hcad, making a fignal for an anchorage, 
 thejr prepared to bring to ; bi;^t when the fliip hud »1- 
 molt icaciicd the place, (he fuddcniy ftruck, and her 
 head remained immoveable, hxed ot> a cor;al rock i' in 
 which fituation (he remained near an hour, when (he 
 was hcippily relieved by a breeze from thefhpro, 
 During the whole time that (he was in danger of being 
 wreck^, (he was cncompaffcd by hundreds of India'/is 
 in their canoes ; but not one of them attempted to 
 board her. 
 
 The veflel was now piloctd round's reef, into ^ 
 harbour,, where (he moored. The mpllcr was then 
 fent to foifnd the bay, and found fafe artchorjge in 
 every part 9f it. In the mean time (pme fmall canoes 
 btouglit provffions on board ; but as the (hpre was 
 c/owded with large canoes, filled with men, the cap- 
 tain loafled, and primed his guns, fupptic.d hi» boats, 
 vjith mu(i)ueteers, and kept a number of men under 
 arips. 
 
 ' ^he.lhip failed up thf. harhoiir oi^ the »4th and 
 ruay canoes followed (hns.; bringing provifons, 
 v^hkb WBTQ exchanged .(»r, naiU^ Jci^ivfs, &i«« i A 
 number of yery large, canoes advanced. i|t the evening, 
 laden with ffores, on which the captain ordered the 
 ((ri^bft watch to be kept. At length fome canoes : 
 came offj which had on board ajnuv^r of women, 
 who being brought almo^M^Mn FhVOfip, began to 
 Ma&ife thofe arts of. llV)f''<=i>^yi=^^<'y ''''^"''on^'i 
 Dk^ring this (tiW't'i; e;(hib.ition tM |f rge canoes cgme' 
 rp>ind thu (hiB,,Tp^?p«f the Indian»,i>laying on a kind 
 of aOutc, others fuigingj.ikiHl the reft blowing a fort 
 ti (hylls, Soqn.jiftei; .^,l?*gf canpe advanced, in 
 which was iff awqing j, and on the top qf it fat one 
 cif the naMves, hoUfn| fonye yell9w aqdired feathers in. 
 h» hands. The captain having cpi»(utte4 to his com- 
 i9g,alopgfifi%, hsdeUver^d ,^ fsf^itheril, 4nd while a 
 pixtm wa»,pfsparin| ivr.binf. MiW* tapk fronj the 
 (kin, add tlu^«i die bnu>ch of ««pcoa/^trqe in the air. 
 Tilis was, d<)Hbpcft, thefignal fpr an on(et, for there 
 WW aniiqf^nc (houit froia all the cafioes, which, ap- 
 prpaf^ung^lMi O^ip, peurqd v^kyyof ftqnes into (verv 
 
 par^^he;;'^ 0«V.4j»i «H!» f«Mt !«»«*«* with fmjdl 
 (l»o^ !«r^ Iredk iMid,tU ftofh on guard difebtrged 
 thcif qinfiiiiptj), 'nf. •MinM' of Indians rottad the 
 
 fliip were (mII acKtOsiand'AhOif^ ^^Y '"f*'^ '^ ^"^ 
 dif^otxerted, xbef &«» pcoim^ their fpirits, ajid 
 Topewed the atta«k. ' ThpM(iiiide of the Indians wwe 
 n^w observed on (hoK, Mrihafkii^ m f»ft » thccpnoc* 
 C911I4 Wiflg Jrvn # i 'Oi4MMnr« tbenftue gjvcn fof 
 
 Mittl 
 
 idttng thacinnnpifi.'fytMl 0^i«l»iej» 1tcro,1}iiougK»'t»- 
 bcM uppn the (hw. T)»i» fcijig pu< a Aap to »\i 
 hoftihtics, on the part of the Indians, for a fmllll: 
 times but thefcattcredcftnoesfofln f;ot together ag.lin,' 
 iajpd, having haifl^ediwl^ite flre^nxirB, I advanced, an* 
 threw ftones of-.twp pounds fWdightii from (lings, by 
 Kvhich a numhjwjof.thq f«8m»ni wew.,vigHiv)ed, ■ A« 
 jthis time fever*^!, caoofs .qppr<iaciipd itlvi bpw of the 
 !(hip, from whence no (Kot had beeij y<;t diiehnrgcd. 
 In one of thefe was s,u Indian, .who,;j|p|)«ared to have 
 an authority oveK (he reft, ai'guu traf therefore le^'ellut( 
 at hjs. canoe, th* (hot, pf which fplit \t m two pitcts.i 
 This puit an.end ito the conteft, >th^ canots rowed (tff 
 with the utmoff i'peed, and fhe pqople^'oB (hore ttuk 
 pn4 CQiicealed.theroriflvRS: behind the hilla^ 
 : Aftf(j^is,thi) captain fail«|l for bis imcndedanchoty^ 
 Sng place, and moored his (hip within a little diAanc« 
 pf a (ine,river. Sonterofbispeopiewhohad been (kntto 
 purvey the (Kore, neturned the next morning with an 
 account that they liad. found gopd.l>e(h water (inhi- 
 ductd fftjeitfeerjver abovementioneri) hut .that thtro 
 ,was nipitit canoe to be feert. A liou(en.1nt wijl fent th« 
 iiune day ^th ia|l the boats, Yell naaiWed (^wdwnied, 
 and a number of marines, liai-ing oiders t« tftnd'li'is 
 men under cover of the (hip andi boats. This; betn^ 
 accoiidingly effected,, he turned a piece of turf, nnii 
 having hoilieda broad pendant u|>«n a Ijff, toulcpof- 
 ^feflion .of thp.iflelor hisiArttiuinic ntfjefty^, n;imiiiipit! 
 •Xihg fSttrge iht nir4'i f^md" .Someitu^j. being ihcit 
 imixed with the river-watali Ihjf king's hfdllji wa» |,'j'^.[Jjj.''S' 
 idrank by erery peffon prefeht. During lh(;; pcr-'iJi'a„,i!" * 
 formancepf this ceremony, two old men were feeri on 
 •the oppofite rideof the river, who put themfelveS in 
 'afuppltcating poflure, and apjieared to be' much 'ter- 
 rified. On thisj the ^nglKta'inivie fignif to th^nta t-J.-y '; 
 jcrofs the river. One of the* obeying th* (ignal. e;ime • • ' 
 
 over, aodiCrawled on his haAdsantt knees towards the 
 jlicutenwit, who (bcwed hhn Come ftone»'th«ti had jmu'i"' 
 been thrown at the veffel, but took pains at the fama '■ 
 
 time, to intimate, th*t no jnJMry mould he. done to ,, m ;; 
 
 the Indians, if ^hby were not the aggrefforc. He then . '\ j!' 
 caufed foriip hatchets to be produced, giving the Iitx 
 jdiif) to underftand that his people would-be gbd tt> 
 Ufichenge them for various kiiids-of provifiunt. iSnme 
 jtrifles Were alfo given: tp this old man, wh». exprcffol 
 |his gratitude by bis geftures, and by dancing ruuntt 
 the flag-ftaff, but when they faw the pendant (haken bjr 
 the. wind,, they ran back, with figns of fear and I'ur- 
 ,pri(e. When they had recovered themfelves from their 
 if right, tliey brought two hogs whicti they laid downy 
 ajid began dancing round the pendant as beibre. The 
 hogs wereafbiFftardsiput into ^nvatioc, which theolt^ 
 jindiao rowed toWettls the (hipi and when hc,caiii«' 
 'ajbog-fide of her, pronounced a feilous oration,' ia 
 the conriepf which be delivered a number of plantaia 
 ieaves,,(o'*e '^ a time, fomewliAt in the manner of the 
 N'orth Americans: doling their perio^b w'tinhelts of 
 wamgum,) After .this he rowed backngiiio, rifufuig' 
 ^ttettime.to.aQ^eptof nny prcfeitis. 
 ' . Thelwpifc wf. druAs and other infttumenl* war 
 fi'eard thid nigh;, and the next morning it wasob- 
 fervedthat the pendant was taken away, and the na- 
 tures had quitted the coaft-. While the caSiu were 
 fijiliilg with water, the old Indian already mentioned, 
 croffcd the river, and brought the £ngli(n (ome, fowl*, 
 hnd fruits. At this time the captaw was ill, but 
 though hd Was confinfld to the vedisi, he had remarkcdi 
 fcpm, thence by the help of ^Iitiei what was doing orii 
 Ihore. In the courfe of hts obfervations, he per-, 
 ceivcd many pf, the mtives Creeping behind the bufties 
 towards the watering-place, at the (ame time that 
 
 I'aftmimbers.advancfed through the i*Oods, imd a- 
 arjge party carnedown the MU in view t ail tending tot 
 heifalnle<)uarteri , TwoiUvifiona of candes were be-r 
 ides fefcn making rosHid. the oppofite fide«< of the bay.' 
 As the lieuURaot Mad liJ(ewi(e obfervcd the threatened: 
 danger, be got hi* people oil board the boats } pre- 
 vious to which its hM fent tke old Indian to intimate 
 to hit cotiMrymen that th* cimT wanted' nothialg buti 
 W«tv»i.aaito.pi««aU on them toltcep m a ptoper di- < 
 i ilance. 
 
 All 
 «itl 
 live 
 
 hsid 
 
 till 
 

 A IkinB'ilh 
 with the na- 
 livei o( Ota- 
 
 . KinprJcorge' 
 
 •tlicTliirJ'* 
 ■ inaml. 
 
 at 
 o 
 le 
 d 
 la 
 :o 
 n . 
 
 tit 
 
 le 
 n) 
 
 r- 
 
 ;ir 
 nv 
 
 he 
 
 !<ik 
 
 D* 
 
 ia 
 
 lin 
 he 
 of 
 
 »S' 
 
 fa$ 
 >b- 
 la- 
 ere 
 
 «1. 
 twit, 
 but 
 kedt 
 
 Dtll 
 
 icr-. 
 Ihcfi 
 iiat 
 A •' 
 l-toi 
 be-< 
 ity.i 
 ;ne<l< 
 pre- 
 natt- 
 butt 
 di.. 
 nee. 
 
 i.ii 
 
 :;iul 
 
 CAiTAlN WALtll 
 
 Itnee whiUl it was filling ; but To fir was this from 
 having the proner tffie&, that the iflanders made a 
 prise of the caflcs, and thofc at fome diftanco from 
 the watering-place, went forward with all expedition, 
 in order to keep pace with the canoes, which rowed 
 along very fwiftly. At the fame time a number of 
 women and children took their ftation on a hill, 
 vhich commanded a profpedl of the (hipping. I'hc 
 canoes drawing near that part of the bay where the 
 veflel was at anchor, took in many from the fliore 
 who were laden with bags filled with ftones. I'hen 
 they rowed towards the (hip, on which orders were given 
 to (ire on the iirll party that approached in the canoes, 
 which being done, the Indians made off frightened 
 and aftoni(hed. Capuin Wallis being now refolved 
 that this adion (hould put an end to all difputes, in- 
 cenfed at the behaviour of the natives, commanded 
 his people to fire (irft into the wood, and afterwards 
 towards the hill, whither the iflanders had retreated ; 
 when (inding at what adiftance the guns could reach 
 them, they difperfed and difappeared. 
 
 After this, the boats were (ent out, a ftrong guard 
 being appointed to attend the carpenters, who, accord- 
 ing to orders, deftroyed all the Indian canoes which 
 could be met with. At length a fmall party of the 
 natives came to the beach, (luck up fome fmall 
 branches of trees, as if for tokens, and then retreated 
 to the woods ; however they came again, and brought 
 fome hogs and dogs with their legs tied, which they 
 left on the (hore, together with a quantity of fuch 
 cloth as they wore, all which thev made figns to the 
 Ailors to take away. On this, a boat was difpatched. 
 which conveyed the hogs on board, but left behind the 
 o^raiticles; hatchets and nails were alfo depofited 
 on the beach in return for thefe prefents, but the In- 
 dians would by no means accept them till the cloth 
 was taken away. 
 
 A party being employed in (illing water on the 27th 
 of this month, the old Indian was feen on the oppo- 
 fite fide of the river. After having delivered an ora- 
 tion in his manner, he came over, when the officer 
 referred him to the bags and (hines which had been 
 brought down, and ufed his endeavours to convince 
 him that the Engli(h in the late aflion had a£led only 
 from motives of felf-defence. The old man, how- 
 ever feemed to think his countrymen much aggrieved, 
 and withereatopennefs intimated his opinion. How- 
 ever m Im he fumved himfelf to be reconciled, (hook 
 hands with the lieutenant, and accepted fome pre- 
 &nts from him. It was then hinted to him that it 
 would be beft (or the people of the idand to appear 
 only in fmall parties for the future, with which t. rr..s, 
 the Indian appeared fatisfied, and an advantageous 
 traffic was afterwards e(hbli(hed with the natives. 
 
 Matters beine thus fettled, the fick were fent on 
 fltore, and were lodged, under the care of the furgcon, 
 in tents near the watering place. This gentleman 
 Aooting awildduck, it dropped on the oppofite fide 
 of the river, in the piefence of fome Indians, who 
 fled direAly ( but ftopping within a (hort fpace, one 
 •f them was at laft perfuaded to brine the duck over, 
 which he laid at the furgeon's fiwt, but, at the fame 
 time, the agitation of his mind was vifible in his 
 countenance. Three ducks were killed by a fecond 
 fliot, and the natives were by this time pottttttA with 
 fiich a notion of the eSe&i of (ire-arms, as whilfl it 
 raifed their admiration, was fuppofed to contribute in 
 a great meafure to their good behaviour towards the 
 Englifh durias their (hiy in thefe parts, though there 
 night be another reafon affigned for this before their 
 departure, as will be apparent in the fequel. 
 
 Xhe gunner was now appointed to manage all affairs 
 •f trade betwaen the Indians and the failors, in order 
 to prevent quarrelling and pilfering. This was a ju- 
 dicious choice I tht natives fometimes ftole certain 
 trifles, but immediate reftitution was made on the 
 ii^tof agun. Befides, the old Indian made himfelf 
 very ferviccable in recovering any thin? that might 
 have been taken away. In particular, an Indian fwam 
 «ne day over the river, and pilfered « hatchet, on 
 
 Vot. I. N« 14. 
 
 which the gunner making preparation;;, as if he mciint 
 to go in (earch of hin, the gooils were rcftorcd by 
 the old man's means, and theofTciider was nlfo deli-, 
 vered up to the gunner. Thi ugh he had coirmittcd 
 other robberies, yet the captain dil'chargcd him ; ond 
 all his piinifhment conn{h.-d In his terriblu apprchcn- 
 fions. Being reftorcil to his countrytncn, he was con- 
 duiSed to the woods in the miuA of their (liouts of ap- 
 plaufc. I'his man had the gratitude to brin^aroafled 
 nog and fome bread fruit to the gunncrncxt day, as an 
 acknowledgement for the lenity (hewn him. 
 
 The captain, firft lieutenant, and purfcr, were at 
 this time very ill ; fo that the charge of the ycfTel, and 
 the caro of the fick, were committed to the fccond 
 lieutenant, who difcharged his duty with zeal and 
 fidelity; and fruit, fowls, and frcfh pork, were pro- 
 cured in fuch plenty that at the end of fourteen 
 (lays almoft every man had pcrt'cAly rccovLtcd his. 
 health. 
 
 A piece of falt-pctre, of the fi/.e of a fmall egg, 
 was found on the 25th on the (here ; but whether it, 
 was brought from the (hip, or not, could not be. 
 learned, after the moA diligent enquiry i but liow- 
 ever, no other piece was found. On the 2d of July, 
 they began to want fruit and freilx meat, owing to the 
 abfence of the old Indian, but they had {(ill a fufE> 
 cient fupply for the fick. On the 3d, the (hip's bot- 
 tom was examined, uhen its condition was found to; 
 be nearly the fame as when (he left Englaml. This 
 day a (hark was caught, which proved :.ii accep- 
 table prelent to the natives. The old Indian, who 
 had vifited the interior parts of tlie iHand in quell of 
 provifions, returned on the 5th, and brought with 
 him a roafted hog as a prcfcnt fur the captain, who in 
 return, gave him a looking-glafs, an iron pot, &c< 
 His return wasfoon followed by Tome of the natives, 
 who had never yet vifited the market, and who brought 
 fome hogs that were larger than any yet purcbafcd. 
 
 Another fort of traffic was now cftablidied between 
 the Indian girls and the Tailors. I'he price of a fe- 
 male's favours waS a nail or two ; but as the feamen 
 could not always get at the nails, they drew them out 
 of feveral parts of the (hip ; nor could the offenders 
 be difcovered by the ftrideft enquiry. The damage 
 done to the velTel might have been cafily repiircd ; but 
 a worfc confequence arofe from this traffic ; for on the 
 gunner's oflering fmall nails for hogs, the Indians 
 produced large fpikes, demanding fuch as thofe. Some 
 of the men made ufe of a particular device to gratify 
 their palBons ; for when they could procure no more 
 nails, they cut lead into the (hape of them, and paficd 
 thofe pieces on their unfufpeAing paramours. When 
 the Indians difcovered the fraud, they demanded nails 
 for the lead ; but this juft demand could not be grant- 
 ed, becaufe it would have promoted the dealing of 
 lead, and likewife injured the traffic with iron. In 
 confequence of their conne£iion with the uomen* 
 the failors became fo impatient of contioul, that the 
 articles of war were read, to awe them into obedience } 
 and a corporal of marines was fcverely puniflied, for 
 ftriking the matter at arms. The captain's health 
 being nearly reftored, he went in his boat to furvey 
 the ifland, which he found extremely delightful, and. 
 every where Well peopled. 
 
 On the 8th, the wood-cutters were entertained in 
 a friendly manner by certain Indians, who feemed to 
 be of a rank above tho(e, they had yet feen, and fomo 
 of thefe vifiting the captain, belaid before them a thirty., 
 fix-fhilling piece, a guinea, a crown-piccc, a dollar, 
 fome (hillings, fome new half-pence, and two largo 
 nails, intimating that they might take their choice, 
 when they eagerly leized the nails, and then took a 
 few half-pence, but left all the other pieces un^ 
 touched. 
 
 The Indians now refufed to fupply the market, un.» 
 lefs they could get large nails in exchange ; the cap- 
 tain therefore ordered the (hip to be fearchcl, uhcn it 
 was found that almolt all the hammock-nails were 
 (h)len, and great numbers drawn from different places ; 
 on which every man was ordered before the captain : 
 T t '^ wh<. 
 
 HI 
 
 '767 
 
 J I 
 
 I 
 
»J« 
 
 THE VOYAGE O t 
 
 i 
 
 1767 wHo told thrm, that not a man fliould go en ihore 
 * » ^ till the thiirvcs were difcovercd ; but no good confu- 
 qucnce arofe from his threats, at that time. 
 
 Three days after this, the gunner conducted to the 
 (hip a lady of an agreeable face, and portly mein, 
 Cantiin Wat- ^^°^^ *& feemcd to be upwards of forty. This lady 
 liVs mccMne ' ^'^^ butlately arrived in that part of the ifland, and 
 Willi tiic the gunner obfcrving that (he feemed to have great 
 ■(jccn. authority, prefented her with fome toys ; on which 
 
 (he invited him to her houfe, and gave him fome fine 
 hoes. She was afterwards tiilccn on board, at her own 
 dcttrc. Her whole behaviour (hewed her to be a wo- 
 man of fine fenfe and fupcrior rank ; the captain pre- 
 fented her with a looking-glafs and fome toys, and 
 gave her a handfomc blue mantle, which he tied round 
 ncr with ribbands. As (he then intimated that (he 
 (hould be glad to fee him on (hore, he fignificd his in- 
 tention of vifiting her the next day. Accordingly, 
 on Saturday the 12th, Captain Wallis went on (hore, 
 where (he met him, attended by a numerous reti- 
 nue, fome of whom (he dirc£ied to carry the captain, 
 and others who had been ill, over the river, and from 
 thence to her habitation, and the proccfTion was 
 clofed by a guard of marines and fcamen. As tlicy 
 advanced, a great number of Indians crowded to fee 
 them i but, on a (light motion of her hand, they made 
 room for the proceilion to pafs. When they drew near 
 her dwelling, many perfons of both fcxcs advanced to 
 meet her, whom (he caufed to Icifs the captain's hand, 
 while (he fignificd that they were related to her. 
 Her houfe was 320 feet in length, and about 40 in 
 breadth. The roof, which was covered with the 
 leaves of palm-tree, was fupportcd by a row of pil- 
 lars on eacli fide, and another in the middle. The 
 higheft part of the thatch on the infute, was 30 feet 
 from the ground, and' the fpacc between the fides of 
 the building and the edge of the roof, which was 
 about 12 feet, was left open. 
 
 The captain, lieutenant, and purfcr, being (rated, 
 the lady helped four of her femnle attendants to pull 
 off the gcntlemens coats, (hoes, and (lockings, which 
 was aukwardly performed ; the girls howevtr fmoothed 
 down the (kin, and rubbed it lightly with their hands 
 for more than half an hour. The furgeon, being 
 heated with walking, having pulled oft' his wig, one 
 of the Indians fcrcamcd out, and the eyes of the whole 
 company were inftantly fixed on the wonderful fight, 
 and they remained for fome time fixed in furpriie. 
 After this, the queen ordered fcvcral bales of cloth to 
 be brought out, which were the produce of the coun- 
 try, wliich were now dcftiiied f<ir the drefs of the 
 captain and his attendants. It was intended that 
 the Captain (hould be carried as he had been before, 
 but as he refufed the offer, the queen walked arm in 
 arm with him, and lifted him like an infant overfuch 
 wet and dirty places as they came to in their way. 
 She gave him a fow big with young, and took her 
 leave whrn fhe had attended him to the beach. The 
 gui::ur b>jii^ difpatchcd to wait on her the next day 
 with a prefent of bill-hooks, hatchets, Sec. found 
 her bufied in entertaining fome hundreds of the In- 
 dians who were regularly feated round her. She or- 
 dered a mefs to be provided for the gunner, which he 
 found to be very agreeable, and fuppofed to be fowls 
 and apples cut fmall, and mixed with fait water. The 
 provifions which were diflribtited by the queen, were 
 ferved in cocoa (hells, which her Icrvants brought in a 
 (brt of trays. This lady took her feat fomewhat 
 above the reft of the company, and when they were 
 fupplieJ, was fed by two women fervants, (landing 
 on each (ide of her. 
 
 It was obferved that (he received the captain's pre- 
 knti with an air of great fatisfa<£tiun, and the fupply 
 of provifions brought to market was now greater than 
 ever, but the piiccs were raifcd, in a great meafure 
 
 * On cli* loili one of tlic failori wat fcntcncct) co luo ihe 
 
 viuntlct three timci round the deck, while the crew whipped 
 
 hiB with nettlci. This puniOimenc (which lioweirer u:ai not 
 
 ttjl (ncttlj infii£lc(l by die nica) wis uidcird un account of 
 
 owing to the commerce between the EngHfh (camen 
 and the women of theilland, of wliich w« have taken 
 notice } (or which rcafon, befide* the orders given *or 
 rellraining the people belonging to the crew from go- 
 ing on (hore, it was alfo thought proper to prohibit 
 any women from paffing the river. 
 
 On the 14th of this month, the gunner being on 
 (liore, difcovered a woman on the oppofitc fide of the 
 river, who feemed to be weeping in a mod piteous 
 manner. Perceiving that he leemed to take notice of 
 her apparent diflrels, (he li;nt a youth to him, who 
 having made a long oration, laid a branch of plan- 
 tain at his feet, after which he went to fetch the wo- 
 man, and alfo brought two hogs with him. The 
 youth now made a long fpeech, and, in the end, tlie 
 aunner was given to underfland that her hulband and 
 three of her fons, had been killed when the Englilh 
 (ired on the Indians as above related. She (ell fpecch- 
 lefs on the ground after (he had told her tale of woe, 
 and two lads that attended her, feemed alfo to be much 
 a(re£led. 7'he gunner feeing her diftreiTed fituation 
 endeavoured to confolc her, and at lad (he became a 
 little calmer, offered him her hand, and dire£le<l the 
 hogs to be given him, nor would (he accept any thing 
 in return for her prefent. A large party rowed round 
 the ifland in their boats on the 1 5th, in order to take a 
 view of it, and to purchafe provifions. Returning, 
 thev brought with them a number of hogs and fowlsi 
 and fome cocoa-nuts. They found the ifland to be 
 pleafant, and abounding with the neccfTaries of life, 
 and faw a great number of canoes, fevcral of which 
 were not quite finifhed. The natives tools were 
 formed of bones, (lones, and (hells. No other four- 
 footed bcafls but dogs and hogs, were feen. The in- 
 habitants ate all their meat either baked or roafted, as 
 thev neither had any ve(rcl wherein water could be 
 boiled, nor feemed to entertain an idea that it could 
 be heated by (ire fo as to anfwcr any ufeful purpoTc. 
 One morning, when the lady we have mentioned was 
 at brenkfafl, an Indian that attended her having ob- 
 ferved the cock of an urn turned, to fill a tea-pot, he 
 alfo turned the cock, when the fcalding water falling 
 upon his hand, he cried out and jumped about the 
 cabin, while the Indians were equally furprifed and 
 terrified at the ciraumdance. The Captain received 
 another vifit from the queen on the 17th, and the 
 fame day a great quantity of provifions was purchafad 
 of fome of the natives, whom the Eoglifh had never 
 before dealt with. The next day the queen repeated 
 her vifit, and made the captain a prefent of two hogs, 
 and the malkr attending her home, (he doathed him 
 in the drefs of the country, as (he had dona the cap- 
 tain and his retinue. 1 heir provifions received an 
 increafeon the 19th, by the gunner's fending on board 
 a number of hogs and pigs, and abundance of fowls 
 and fruits which he had purchafed in the country. 
 At this time an order was made that none of the failors 
 (hould be allowed to go on (hore, except tho(e that 
 were appointed to procure wood, water, or other ne- 
 cefTaries. • 
 
 On the it& the queen came again to vifit Captain 
 Wallis and prefented him with fome hogs. She like- 
 wife invited the captain to her houfe who attended 
 her home with fome of his officers. She tied wreaths 
 of plaited hair round their hats, and on the captain's 
 (he put a tuft of feathers of various colours, by way 
 of diflindlion. She came back with them as far a* 
 the water-fide on tlieir return and ordered fome pre* 
 fents to be put into the boat at their departure. Cap.i 
 tain Wallis having intimated before they put oft', 
 that he (hould leave the ifiand in fcven days time, (be 
 made figns that (he wifhed him to (lay twenty days } 
 but he relocating his rcfolution, (he burfted into a 
 flood of tears. 
 
 The velTcl was fo well Rated with hogs and poul- 
 
 •^^^ 
 
 hit hairinf; drawn nails froni the Slip ; and it WM thought pro- 
 per to prevent this praAice lor the future, by hinderiiig iti* fea- 
 incn from going on ihore, and tlicrcby removing toe tciopta- 
 
 liuo. 
 
CAPTAIN WALLIS. 
 
 '59 
 
 try, that the decks were covered with them, and u 
 the men were more inclined to eat fruit than meat, 
 they were Icillcd farter than had been intended. • The 
 captain prefented hit friend the old Indian with fome 
 cloth and other articles, and fent a number of things 
 to the queen, among which were a cat with kitten, 
 turkie*, gecfc, hens, and fcverai forts of garden feeds. 
 This compliment was returned by a prefcnt of fruit 
 and hogs. Peafe and other European feeds were fowcd 
 here, and the captain ftaid long cnouch to fee them 
 come up, and to oofervc that they were Rkcly to thrive 
 in the country. 
 
 A party was fent on (hore on the a5th in order to 
 examine the country, and a tent was erected for the 
 purpofe of obfcrving an cclipfe of the fun. When it 
 was ended, the captain took his tclcfcope to the queen, 
 who Ihewcd a furprife fcarccly to be cxprcflcd, on dif- 
 covering feveral obicAs with which (he was well ac- 
 quainted, but which were too diftant to be feen with- 
 out the help of a glafs. He afterwards invited 
 her and her retinue to come on board the fliip, 
 where an elegant dinner was prepared, of which all 
 but the queen ate heartily ; but (he would neither cit 
 nor drink. On the return of the party from their ex- 
 curfion, the queen was landed with her train. The 
 captain ftill keeping in the fame mind as to the time 
 of his departure, (he wept again on being informed 
 •f his refolution. 
 
 The party fent out this'dav, reported, That on their 
 firft landing they calletl on the old Indian, and took 
 him into tncir company, walking fume on one fide 
 of the river, and fome on the other, till the ground 
 rifing almoft perpendicular, they were all obliged to 
 walk on one fide. On the borders of. the valley 
 through wliich the river flowed, the foil was black 
 and there were fcverai houfcs with wailed gardens, 
 and plenty of fowls and hogs. In many places chan- 
 nels were cut to conduct the water from the hills to 
 the plantations. No underwood was found beneath 
 the trees, but there was good grafs ; the bread-fruit 
 and apple-trees were fct in rows upon the hills, and 
 the cocoa-nut grew open the level ground. The 
 ftreams now meandered through various windings, and 
 the crags of mountains hung over the travellers heads. 
 When they had walked about four miles they refted, 
 and began their brcakfaft under an apple tree. At 
 this time they were alarmed by a loud (hout from a 
 number of natives. On this they were going to be- 
 take themfelvcsto their arms, but the old Indian made 
 figns that they (hould fit ftill. He then went to his 
 countrymen, and it was prcfcntly obfcrved that they 
 became filent and withdrew. They afterwards re- 
 turned, bringing with them fome tcfrc/hmcnts, in 
 exchange for which they received buttons and other 
 trifles from the lieutenant. The party then pro- 
 ceeded, looking every where for metals and ores, but 
 found nothing of that fort worth attending to. And 
 now the old Indian being tired, gave his Engli(h com- 
 panions to underftand that he was dcflrous of returning ; 
 but he did not leave them till he had given dirc6lions 
 to the Indians to clear the way over a mountain. 
 After his departure his countrymen cut branches from 
 the trees, and laid them in a ceremonious manner at 
 the feet of the feanien ; they then painciid themfelves 
 red with the berries of a tree, and flaiiicd their gar- 
 ments yellow wi'h the bark of another. By the af- 
 fiftnncc of thcfc people, the moft difficult parts of the 
 mountains were climbed, and they again rcfre(hcd 
 themfelves at its fummit, when they faw other moun- 
 tains fo much above them, that they fccined as in a 
 valley. 
 
 Towards the fea the profpeft was inexprcflibly 
 beautiful, the fides of the hills bemg covered with 
 Uees, ami the vallics with crafs, while the whole 
 country was interfpcrlcd with villages. They faw 
 but few houfcs on the mountains above their, but as 
 
 ♦ A boar «n<l fow of tliis kinJ were fent over and prefcnteil 
 to Mr. Stephens, feciciat)i (o the Ailiiiralty, the latter of 
 which died m raiiuwng. 
 
 1767 
 
 fmoke was obferved in many places, it was conjec- 
 tured, that the higheft were inhabited. Many fprings 
 gu(hed from the fides of the mountains, all of which 
 were covered with wood on the fides and with fern on 
 the fummit. The foil even on the high land was 
 rich, and the fugar cane grew without cultivation j 
 as did likewifc turmeric and ginger. 
 
 Having a third time refre(hcd themfelves, they de- Captain W.it- 
 fccnded towards the (hip, ocCafionally deviating from lit pitnarcs 10 
 thcdircAway, tempted by the plcalant fituation of l««ve Otahiie. 
 fcverai houfcs, the inhabitants of which entertained 
 therii in the moft hofpitable manner. They law par- 
 rots, parroquets, green doves, and ducks. Thelieu* 
 tenant planted the (tones of cherries, peaches and 
 
 filumbs, feveral kinds of garden feeds, and oranges, 
 emons and limes. In the aftertlnon they rerted on a 
 delightful fpot, where the inhabitants drcflcd them 
 two hogs and feveral fowls. Here they (laid till even- 
 ing, when they rewarded the diligence of their guides, 
 and repaired to the (hip. 
 
 On the 26th, the captain was vifitcd by the queen 
 with her ufual prefents, and this day they di (con- 
 tinued taking in wood and water, and prepared for 
 failing. A greater number of Indians now came to 
 the fea-(horc, than they had ever yet feen ; and of 
 thefe feveral appeared to be pcrfons of conlequcncc. 
 In the afternoon the queen vidtcd Captain Wnllif, 
 and folicitcd him to remain ten Jays longer ; but being 
 informed that he (hould certainly fail on the following 
 day, (he burft into tears. She now demanded when 
 he would come again, and was told in 50 days ; (he 
 remained on board till evening, when bein^ informed 
 that the boat waited for her, (he wept with more vio- 
 lence than (he had yet done. At length th's afFeftion* 
 ate woman went over the (hip's fide, as a'A the old 
 Indian who had been fo ferviceable to the crew This 
 man had figniiied that his fon (hould fail wiih the 
 captain ; but when the time came the youth was not 
 to be found, from whence it was concluded that pa- 
 rental afl^cftion had caufed the old man to forfeit hie 
 word. The next morning early two boats were fent 
 to fill a few cafks of water ; but the o(Hcer, alarmed 
 at finding the (hore crowded with the natives, prepared 
 to return. This occafioned the queen to come forward, 
 who ordered the Indians to retire to the other fide 
 of the river, after which (he made figns for the boats 
 to come on (hore. While they were"'filling the water 
 (he ordered fome prefents to be put into the boat, and 
 earneftly defircd to go once more to the (hip, but the 
 officer being ordered not to bring ofF a Cngle native, 
 (he ordered her double canoe out, and was followed 
 by many others. When (he had been on board for 
 an hour, weeping and lamenting, the £ngli(h took 
 advantige of a fre(h breeze j and mt under hi\. She 
 now embraced the captain and officers, and left the 
 (hip i but as the wind fell, the canoes put back, and 
 reached the (hip again, to which the queen's was 
 matle fa(V, and advancing to the bow of it (he there 
 renewed her lamentations. Captain Wallis prefented 
 her with feveral articles of ufe and ornament, all 
 whicji (he received in mournful filence. The breeze 
 'prilling up again, the queen and her attendants took 
 their final leave, and tears were (hed on both fides. 
 
 The place where the (hip had lain at anchor, was 
 called Port Royal Harbour, and is fituate in 17° 30* 
 offouthlat. and 150° of weft long. 
 
 The following are the particulars of Captain Cufioms and 
 Wallis's farther account of cuftoms, manners, &c. of n,,^,^^ 
 the people of Otaheite. With regard to their (lature 
 he fays, the men are from five feet frven to five (eet 
 ten inches high, the ftandard of the women, in genc« 
 ral, near three inches (horter, the talleft among them 
 being about five feet fevcn inches, they were moftly 
 handibme, and fome of them are dcfcribed as being 
 really beautiful. The complexion of fuch of the 
 men as are much emploj-ed on the water is reddi(h, 
 but their natural colour is what is called tawny. The 
 colour of their hair is not like that of the Eaft Indians 
 3«d Americans, black, but k diverfified like that of 
 the Europeans, having among them black, brown, 
 • 7 red 
 
 .mannersot'in 
 
 ■■^' 
 
16« 
 
 1767 
 
 r tit VOYAGE OP 
 
 red and flaxen, mod of the childrrn being remarked 
 for ilie latter. When it is left loofe, it has a Itrong 
 natural curl ; but they arc accuftomed to tic it in 
 two hunches, one on each fide of the head, or in a 
 lingle one in the middle. Thvy anoint their heads 
 with cocoa-nut oil, mixed with a fragrant fnictling 
 root. 
 
 The females, as has been mentioned, have not the 
 idea of rhaftity's being a virtue, but the beauty of 
 their perfons generally hxes the price of their charms. 
 If a man offered a girl to a feaman, he (hewed a (lick 
 «f the fiie of the nail which was to be given for the 
 gratification of the Engli(hman's deflres. 
 
 Two pieces of cloth, which bear fome rcfemblance 
 to China paper, form their apparel ; in one of thefe 
 a hole is made for the head to pafs through, and this 
 hangs to the middle of the leg : the whole is wrapped 
 round the body, and forms a drapery which is not in- 
 elegant. The cloth is made of the bark of a tree ; 
 tnS their ornaments condft of pearls, (hells, flowers, 
 and feathers. 
 
 The hinder parts of the thighs and loins of both 
 fcxef are marked with black lines in dilTecent forms, 
 which is ciFeAed by forcing the teeth of an inftru- 
 ment through the Ikin, and then rubbing foot and 
 and oil into the holes fo made. There were fome of 
 the men who fccmcd to be of rank among them, that 
 had their legs marked, but neither boys nor girls under 
 the age of twelve years had this ceremony performed 
 upon them. 
 
 One of the queen's attendants who took great plea- 
 iure in imitating the Engli(b, was prcfcnted with a 
 fuit of the lieutenant's cloaths, in which he looked 
 very-well. The officers being carried on (hore by 
 the Indians, becaufe it was Ihoal-watcr at the land- 
 ing place ; this man was cat'ried in the fame manner, 
 rciolving not to be out of the fa(hion. It was laugh- 
 able enough to obferve his firft attempts to make ufe 
 of a knife and fork, his hand going to his mouth 
 regulaily enough, while the fork retained the meat 
 which he intended to fwallow. 
 
 The people of Otaheite eat doe's fle(h, bcfides fi{h 
 and the articles already, mentioned. Of the common 
 method of drefling their food, we have the following 
 account : Having made a (ire by rubbing two drv 
 flicks together, thev dig a pit which they pave with 
 ftoncs, and put their (ire in it. Thefe (tones being 
 well heated, they clear away the a(hes, and having 
 ]aid green leaves of the cocoa-nut at the bottom of 
 the pit, they put in their meat, wrapped up in plan- 
 tain leaves, and cover it over with the hot a(hcs, on 
 which they alfo place a layer of the bread-fruit wrap- 
 ped up in the (amt manner : thefe again they cover 
 with the embers intermixed with hot (tones, and clofe 
 the whole with a covering of earth. In this manner 
 a fmall hogmay be dre(red whole, but a large one ir cut 
 in two. This method of drefling. Captain Wallis 
 found perfcAly agre<:able to his palate, and thought it 
 excelled any oiat he had ever known before. It ap- 
 pears t? be nearly the fame with that which was faid 
 to be ufed by the Iri(h (efjKcially their militia) at an 
 early period of their hiftory. The fauces which the 
 Indians ufed were fruit and fait water, and thev had 
 no other knives but fuch as were made of fliells. 
 When they faw meat boiled they were amazed, hav- 
 ing, as before obferved, no idea of heating water ; 
 the captain, however, gave the queen and her chiefs 
 fome iron pots, which brouLht them into ufe, and the 
 old Indian generally boiled bis meat. Their only 
 liquor is water. 
 
 The Englifh concluded from the fears which they 
 
 perceived on the bodies of thefe Indians, that they 
 
 Were not without their wars, and it appeared that they 
 
 were not icnorant of furgery. • 
 
 Several Iheds were ob(ervcd upon the ifland, on the 
 
 * One of ilie failort htvinK ruB a fplinter into lilt footi his 
 mcfTmate tried in rain to extra£t>it with l>is pen-knife, wliich 
 •DC of tlie nativci olifciving, foimcd an ioflrumeot out at » 
 
 outfide of which wtre polh (ixid in the ground, 
 whereon wtre the refemblances of human cieutiiria 
 as well as of dogs and hogs. The area incloltd was 
 paved with broad (tones, the grafs growing between 
 them i tiic natives entering thefe inclorurci with an 
 appearance of forrow, they were judged to be the 
 burial-places of their anceftors. Captain Wallis dif- t* 
 
 covered no traces of religious wor(hip among theft 
 iflanders. The arms of the inhabitants were bow» and 
 arrows, clubs, and flings for (tones, as we have al- 
 ready mentioned. With regard to their navigation, 
 they had three kinds of canoes ; one made of a fingle 
 tree, in which thev go out to fifh, another made of 
 pknks fewed together, and large enough to hold ao 
 or 30 men , in which they fail round the ifland and 
 come home laden with fruits } and a third fort noc 
 unlike the gondolas of Venice, and which they ufed 
 when they failed on parties of pleafure. They make 
 a proccffion in thefe two or three times a week, witfc 
 (Ireamcrs (lying, attended bv the fmaller canoes, their 
 countrymen crowding the (nores to view them. They 
 are arrayed in their beft garments on thefe occafion!, 
 and while fome are under a large awning others Rtf 
 upon it. On the prow of each vefTel two men lie 
 habited in red, but white is the drefs of the ftcerf- 
 man. 
 
 The ifland is irprefented by our voyagers as one of 
 the moft pleafant in the world. The air is pure, th* _^ , 
 
 country abounds in wood and herbage. It harbour; 
 no venomous animals. The fouth-ealt parts wliicli 
 produced abundance of fruit, were the befl pcoplcJ 
 of any place on the ifland. 
 
 From this harbour the Dolphin failed on the 27th 
 of July, and pafTed by the Dui' of Tt^k's IflaniL 
 and on the 28th difcovered land, which they called 
 Sir Charit! Suundtrs's IJhnd. There were but few in- 
 habitants there, who lived in huts, and the cocoa- 
 nut and other trees grow along the (hore. 
 
 They made land again on the 30th day of the month,' , , , 
 which they ciWed Ztrti Hmi's l/land; coming aft^r{j°'_;' "<•"•• 
 wards to fome very dangerous (hoals, they gave 
 them the appellation of Scilly Iflands, from the re- Scilly Uand. 
 femblancethey bore to that rocky part of Britain. 
 
 They now fleered wedward, and came within fight 
 oftwoifles, one of which they denominated Jt>/>/>c/'j, Kenpel's tod 
 and the other Bofiawtn'i IJlanJ, They difcovered B'>i'««'">'» 
 feveral inhabitants on the former, but (leered towards*""'"** 
 the latter, as they thought its appearance more pro- 
 mifing i but fome breakers at a confiderable diftanci 
 from the land prevented their attempting to anchor 
 there. The boats being fent to the ifland brought tw4 
 fowls befides cocoa-nuts and other fruit. TheOflicet 
 who was fent, obferved that the inhabitants fomewhat 
 rcfembled thofe of Otabtite. Some of them had ven> 
 tured into the boat, but foon jumped out and fwani 
 back again. Thefe people were drefTcd in a fort of 
 matting, and were remarkable for having the joint* 
 of their little (ingcrs cut o(r. Finding no convenient 
 watering-place here, and theve(rel havingrcceived fuch 
 damages as rendered it unfafie for her to encounter a 
 rough fea. Captain Wallis refolved to fleer for Tinian, 
 to fail from thence to Batavia, and (b return by way, . 
 of the Cape of Good hope to England. On this ac- 
 count, he pafTed by this ifland, of which we have no 
 farther account than it appeared to be well inhabited^ 
 and was of a circular figure. 
 
 Land was again difcovered on the i6th of Augu(l,ta 
 which theoflicers gave the name of fra/lii's l/Iand. The WalUt^ 
 coafl of it is very rocky, and the trees grow almoft to IflaniL 
 the water edge. The natives wore no covering but a 
 fort of mat, which each of them had about the waift, 
 and they all carried large clubs, two of which the 
 boat's crew purchafed. Thefe favagcs endeavoured 
 to (leal the cutter, by hauling her upon the rocks } 
 but a gun being fired clofe to tne face of one of them, - 
 
 tbej 
 
 Sanl 
 Smf 
 I.«4 
 
 Ihell with hit leeth with wliich he prclently extracted it, and the 
 old Indian applied fome of the gum of the applc-tre* to the 
 wound, which ia two dayi wai liealed. 
 
CAPTAIN W A L L I S. 
 
 i6i 
 
 I Honrt'* 
 
 111. 
 
 If Iflud. 
 
 ipcl's in4 
 
 :>wcat 
 
 vlt. 
 
 
 Sanitv Ifland, 
 Small Kcyaiul 
 l.un^ Iflanil. 
 
 land. 
 
 fhcy ■retreated with precipitation. Obfcrving the boats 
 on their return to the Ihip, to be much hindered by 
 loints of rocks, the Indians followed them, but rowed 
 ack »gain, as foon as they faw them in deep water, 
 Though no fort of metal was fccn on any of thcfe 
 new-difcovcrcd iflands, yet as foon as the natives pro- 
 cured a piece of iron, they began endeavouring to 
 iharpcn it, ai\d were not obfervcd to do the fame either 
 to brafs or copper. 
 
 From hence they failed to the north-weft, and ob* 
 ferved a great number of birds flying about tlie fhips 
 on the 28th. Having caught oneofthem, it was ob- 
 fervcd to be wcb-footed, but in every other particular 
 it rcfembled a dove. They faw land on the 3d of 
 September, which they fuppofed to be two of the 
 Pifcadores. 'I'he f.ime day an Indian praw anproached 
 the veilel, on which they hoifted Spanifti colours, but 
 flie flopped at two miles diftance. They faw fcveral 
 birds on tlic 9th ; on the i8th they made the ifland of 
 Saypan, and foon after that of Tinian, at which lat- 
 ter they came to an anchor the next day. 
 
 The boats were now fcnt on fhorc, and returned in 
 due time, laden with cocoa-nuts, oranges, and limes, 
 when the fick were fcnt onlhore, where tents were pro- 
 vided for their reception. The carpenter's cheft, and 
 the fmith's forge were alfo landed, and the captain 
 and tirft lieutenant, who Hill continued ill, went on 
 Ihorc, as did alio a party of men to hunt for cattle, 
 who prefently cnuglit a young bull of great weight, 
 and found bread-fruit in great plenty, as well as 
 oranges and limc!. Thefe hunting expolitions, how- 
 ever, were rendered fo fatiguing, by going through 
 thickets for many miles, that one party was ordered 
 to relieve another. In the mean time, the fccond 
 lieutenant being fent to refidc in the northern quarter 
 of the iflanti, where they judged cattle to be moft 
 plcmiful, a boat was fcnt every day to bring ofFwhat 
 he caught. Thus, at length, they fupplied thcm- 
 fclves with beef, pork, and poultry, and all fuch fryits 
 atiJ refreftiments as Commodore Anfon met with 
 when he touched at this place. 
 
 They left Tinian on the 15th of Oftober, their 
 fick being recovered, and direfled their courfe to 
 the wcflward. On the 21ft and 2id they faw fe- 
 veril gannets, and on tlic 23d a violent ftorin arofc, 
 whilcThc (hip made more water than (lie had ever done 
 before. 'IMiis bad weather was accompanied by thun- 
 der, lightning, rain, and a fea fo violent, as to wafh 
 overboard many heavy things, and even to break the 
 iron-work of the gunwale. It did not abate till the 
 S/th, when they once more faw the fun, and the next 
 d.iy the weather grew more moderate. They loft one 
 man at this time, vvlio, as it was generally fuppofcd, 
 had taken too much liquor and fallen overboard. 
 
 They difcovcrcd three iflands on the 3d of Novem- 
 ber, to which they gave the names 01 Sandy IJlanil, 
 Smati Kty, and Long IJland j and the next day they faw 
 .another, which Captain Wallis called Nnv fjland. 
 All thefe lay,by account, in the lothdeg. of fouthlat. 
 and 24 7" of weft' long. They kept on their courfe till 
 the 8th, when it was altered, and the inferior officers 
 and men delivered up the log and journal books of the 
 voyage. On the 13th they law the iflands of Timoan, 
 Arns, and Pefaiig. They crolTed the equinoctial line 
 on the i6th, and came again into fouth latitude. 
 
 The next day they faw I'ulo Totd, and Pulo Wefte, 
 [Pulo as we have before obfervcd, fignifies an ifland] 
 and had fight of the feven iflands foon after. The fol- 
 lowing night W.1S extremely tempeftuous, and fodark 
 that, except by the flafhes of lightning, they coulf! 
 not iee acrofs the (hip. One of thefe flafhes, how- 
 ever, afforded them fo much light as to perceive a 
 vcflcl of coiilideralilc fi/.c, which was almoft aboard 
 them, brforo (he was di (covered'; but as the ftorm 
 w.is too loij.! fur thenj to hear each other, they could 
 Vol.. I. N-15. 
 
 * W'liitc tliey lay at andior there, one of tlic failorf fell from 
 tlic mainvaiil into tin Iwrnr, whicli was .ilonj;Hilc tlic (hip, aail 
 tlircw down two others, one of wliom was fo much bruifcd, 
 
 not difcovcr whence flic came, nor to what nation (he 
 belonged. Thi» was the hrlt (liip they had kai Inaa 
 their icparation from the Swallow floop. Piilo Taya 
 was difcovered the next n, .ning, nt.ir «hich they 
 came loan anchor in the evening. The fucccedini; 
 morning they failed, but the currtiitocciCioning them 
 to lofc way that evening alio, they anchored again. 
 They loft an anchor the next day, the cable being cut 
 away by the rocks. 
 
 '1 hey made the coaft of Sumatra, on the 22d, and 
 came to anchor in the road of Batavia on the 31I of 
 November. The captain faluted the Dutch governor, 
 the next day with 13 guns which compliment was re- 
 turned with an additional gun ; and beef, vegclahlis, 
 and other neccfl'aries were foon fupplied, permiflioij 
 having been obtained for that purpofe. At this time, 
 however, it was thought prop. 1 to threaten with 
 puniftiment any of the crew that (hguld briiiii; liquor 
 on board. None were fufteted to leave the (hip but 
 fuch as were called on (hore by their duty, and even 
 thcfe were not allowed to enter the to.\n, to prevent 
 the ill conlcquences which might arife from the im- 
 moderate ufe of the Batavia arrack. 
 
 The Falmouth (hip of war was now lying in the Ti' 
 road in a moft (battered condition. '1 he warrant ' •i 
 oflicers of this (hip fcnt a petition to Captain Wallis, 
 on the 5th of December, wherein they fet forth. 
 That the Dutch had caufed tlitir powder to be 
 thrown into the fea j that the gunr.cr w;:; Jcau j that 
 their misfortunes had deprived the boatluain of his 
 fenfes, who was then a lunatic in the Dutch hofpital ; 
 that his ftores were all fpoilcd \ that the rook had 
 been wounded, and remained a cripple; and that the 
 carpenter was near death." On thife accounts, they 
 intreated that the captain would give them a palFagu 
 to England, or at leaft difmifs them from the fliip. 
 But they received for anfwer that neither of thele re- 
 quelis could bo granted, for as they had taken charge 
 of ftores, they mulV wait for orders from England. 
 In their reply to this they obfervecl, " That they had 
 not received a (ingle order fince their being left in the 
 Batavia road ; that they had ten years pay due, and 
 would rather go home (weepers than remain in thai: 
 wretched fituation ; that they were never permitted 
 to flecp on (hore, and when they were fick, no pcrfon 
 had the humanity to attend them ; that the Malays 
 frequently robbed them, and that they expeifted no- 
 thing but deftrudion from thofe people, as they had 
 burned the Siam prize not long before the arrival of 
 the Dolphin." AH they could obtain from the cap- 
 tain, in alleviation of theie diltreft'cs, was that he would 
 make their cafe known in England. 
 
 Several neccflary ftores being now wanted. Captain 
 Wallis went on (hore, with a dcfign of providing 
 them, but when he attempted to treat with the Dutch, 
 their demands were fo high that he did not think it 
 prudent to comply with them, but dctennined to do- 
 part, and accordingly failed on the 8th of December, 
 without lofmg a (ingle man, and having only two 
 fick on board. But on the nth the fliip's company 
 were vifitcd by the flux, which proved a great afflic- 
 tion. On the 12th they faw the coaft of Java, where 
 there were a number of lights placed, as it was fup- 
 pofcd, in order to decoy the fifh and bring them near 
 thcfhore. They came to an anchor oftPrincc's Ifland 
 on the 14th, where they took in wood and water, and 
 purchafed turtle, poultry, and other rcfrcfhmcnts, and 
 remained till the 20th *. They buried three men 
 here, and befides the flu. , many were feized with a 
 putrid fever, the nature of which latter diforder ren- 
 dered it dangerous to .ittciul the fick. The (hip at 
 this time made four feet water in three hours, and thus 
 they proceeded on their voyage till the loth of Janu- 
 ary, wlK-n the ficknefs began to abate. They were 
 attacke<l by a violent tcmpcft on the 24th, which tore 
 U u their 
 
 that lie expired in four days, the other had only his toe lirnkcn. 
 The man that f.U was tcrriLily hruifeJ, and broke fevcral ot his 
 bones. 
 
 I -'7 
 
 llr.isiif llic 
 tgulh. 
 
 ■ .^,sa.i.sui!^s,- 
 
1«1 
 
 1768 
 
 THE VOYAGE OK 
 
 thrirfaiNt carried five of their boom* overboard, and 
 broke » rudder chain. It was remiirlivblc that feverni 
 hirdn and butterflies were fcen during the continuance 
 vl' tliis ftorm. They faw lund on the toth, and on the 
 4th of February anchored in Table-Bay, at the Capv 
 of Ciood Hope. 
 
 Tlie captain having faluted the governor and the 
 vefleU in the harbour, and the falutc being ttiurned, 
 frcfli meat and vegetables were fent for, and obtain- 
 ed, to the great refrefliinrnt of the crew. Orders 
 were likewile given the furgcon to endeavour to pro- 
 cure lodgings on (hore for the Tick ; but the rate do 
 manded was fu exorbitant at the fame time that the 
 I'mall pox made great havock, that the captain, with 
 pcrmiflion of the governor, erected tents on a plain 
 about two miles dillant from the town, and the Tick 
 were foon after fent on fiiore. 
 
 Stridi orders were given that no ftrong liquors fliould 
 be brought into thole tents, but extra provifions were 
 procured for thofe that were moft weakened by fick- 
 nefs, and none were permitted to enter the town. 
 In the mean time all thole that were able to labour, were 
 fct about refitting tlie fliip, a ncceflary work, which 
 was almoft finiftied by the loth of February. The 
 orders were now in lome meafure relaxed, as, after 
 this time, many of the (hip's company that had had 
 the fmall-pox were allowed to vifit the town, and the 
 others made country excurfions, which were likely to 
 contribute to the prefervation of their health. As to 
 the captain, he was dill ill, and all the time thefliip 
 remained here, he rcfided at a country iioufe fomc miles 
 diftant from the (horc. Here thufe neceflaries which 
 
 were fo dear at BataVia, were purchafed at maieute 
 prices, and frefli water waa procur*) by dilhlla- 
 tion, to convince the captains of the Indiamcn lying 
 in the Ky, how eafily wholefome water might be pro- 
 cured at fea. * 
 
 All hands beinc ordered on board, on the ijth, 
 there were only three found not able to do duty, 
 and the fliip failed on the 3d of March, after haviiii; 
 taken fomc flieep on board for their fea-ftore. 
 
 They anchored at St. Helena on the 17th where 
 they lent people to gather purflain, and procure water. 
 The captain goinc on (hure, was faluted from the fon, 
 where he was invited to take up his refidcnce as long 
 as he chole to rr!-.ialn on the ifland ; but the wind 
 proving favourable the next d.iy, he weighed anchor 
 and departed. 
 
 They crolTed the equinoAial line on the 28th and 
 proceedine on their voyage towards England, on the 
 nth of May, they dllrovcred the Savage floop of 
 war, in full cKace of a floop, at which (he (ired 
 feyeral guns : Captain Wallis, obfcrving this, like- 
 wife (ired at the chace, and bringing her to, >}:• wa* 
 
 without meeting with any thing worth notice, till he 
 came to an anchor in the Downs, on the 20th of May, 
 1768, having thus accompliflied the circumnavigation 
 of the globe. The adventures which .befel his con- 
 fort the Swallow, the reader will (ind' related in th« 
 fubfequent pages. 
 
 THE VOYAGE OF CAPTAIN CARTERET, 
 
 Round the World, in the Swallow Sloop. 
 
 THIS gentleman who had failed with Commodore 
 Byron on his expedition, fnon after his return, 
 wasappointcd commander of the Swallow floop, which 
 was dclHiied to accompany the Dolphin and Prince 
 Frederic ftore-ihip. Nothing material happened be- 
 fore the reparation of the two vcflels, except that 
 while the Swallow lay in the road of Madeira, nine 
 of her bert failors took it into their heads to fwim on 
 (hore, taking nnthin(» with them except their money 
 which tliev tied in their handkerchiefs round their 
 bodies. When the captain was about to write to 
 the conful, to requeft his aflilfaince for the recover- 
 ing thele men, he received information that they had 
 been found naked on the (hore, a(hamed of their ridi- 
 culous fituation, and heartily tired of their frolic. 
 A boat was fent to fetch them on board, and when 
 they where brought back, all the reafnn they could 
 give for this temporary defertion was only that they 
 were refolvcd to have a (kinful of liquor, as they were 
 on a long voyage and it was uncertain whether they 
 might live or'dic. The captain thinking they had 
 contributed fuflficiently to their o»n puniihment, 
 pafTcd the matter by, to the fatis(a£lion of the whole 
 (hip's company. 
 
 The reader will remember that on the i ith of April 
 the Swallow parted from the Dolphin and Prince 
 Frederic. At nine o'clock that day Captain Carteret 
 had intircly loft fight of the Dolphin, which he judged 
 to be thf n clear of the ftreights mouth, and his own 
 veflel being under land where (he had not any con- 
 fiderablc breeze, he entertained but little hope of 
 meeting with his confort again. 
 
 They had not been long feparated before the Swal- 
 low cxixrienced a violent' tempeft, during which tho' 
 
 • This w»5 performed in the following itiinner : Fifty-fix 
 gallnni of witcr were put into tlie Hill at fin in the morning, 
 and tliircy-fix gallons of frclh water were got by a bout > 
 
 they were within half a mile of a mountainous land, 
 it could not be difcerncd. The boat was then gone 
 off, in (earch of an anchoring place, and when night 
 fuccecded, the darknefs was fuch that they could not 
 fee half the length of the (hip. In thcfc circumfianccs 
 it was judged proper to hoitl lights, and to (ire a gun 
 every half hour, by means of which precautions the 
 boat was enabled to return to them in fafety. The 
 next morning (he was fent olF again upon the fame 
 «rrand, and the captain had given over the hopes of 
 her return, when, in the afternoon, he difcovcred her 
 founding a bay, on which he immediately ftood to- 
 wards her, and came to an anchor in the lame place. 
 
 The veflel being thus fecured. Captain Carteret had 
 iuft retired to repofe himfelf when he was difiurbed 
 by a noife on the deck, and he heard numbers running 
 up to join their companions; being alarmed, he quitted 
 the cabin to know the caufe ol this hurry. He 
 had fcarcely come forward before he heard all the men 
 crying out. The Dolphin! the Dolphin I But this 
 appearance of a fail foon vanifhed, originating only 
 from water forced up and whirled in the air by a gutt 
 of wind from fome of the neighbouring hills.— \fuf- 
 cles are found in this bay, and the bortCrs of it aiTord 
 wood and water, and abound with wild geefe.— They 
 failed from hence on the 15th of April. 
 
 While Captain Carteret was thus proceedine on fo 
 long a voyage, it was but an uncomfortable releAion 
 that the clotn, linen, cutlery wares, and toys, were 011 
 board the Dolphin, fo that he had no articles (it for 
 Indian commerce. However, he encouraged his men, 
 from the iirft, to proceed, being refolvcd to accompli(h 
 what he had undertaken. 
 
 Soon after they had left this bay, the wind fuddenly 
 
 (hifting 
 
 (luancr after ten 1 thirteen gillom and a half remaining in the 
 llill. But the proeeft confumcd futy-ninc pounds of 4mK, ud 
 fix pounds of waod. 
 
CAPTAIN CARTERtT. 
 
 '^3 
 
 Ihircing, iliey met with another (torm, fo violent that 
 Ihey were in danger of finking. They durft not how- 
 ever, take in any fails, for fear of running foul of 
 feme rocky iflandu, which in Narborough'i voysige are 
 called the Idands of Oircdiion* i nor could they go 
 back into the ftreight, without the danger of runniiie 
 foul of the Ice-Oiurc ( yet, notwithftanding their bcft 
 endeavouri, the (hip made haftily towards it. They 
 were therefore compelled to flave the watcr-cafks on 
 and between the (leeks, in order to carry lietter fail ( 
 and by this expedient, efcaped ftiip-wrick, and got 
 into the open fea, after a very fcafonabledclivrrancci 
 for, had the wind fhiftcd again, the fliip muft have 
 been unavoidably loft. 
 
 They now itcercd a northward courfc along the 
 coait or Chili i but as the water on biMrd was deemed 
 infullicient for the lensth of the voyage, the captain 
 propofed touching at the ifland of Juan Fernandec, or 
 at Maflafuero, to take in a proper (quantity. On the 
 15th, the wind which had been hitherto favourable 
 for their failing northward, and confequently getting 
 into a more temperate climate, fuddenly fliiftra, and 
 continued contrary till the 18th of April, blowing vi- 
 olently all the time, with thunder, lightening, rain and 
 hail, at intervals, adding to the horror of the tempeil. 
 
 They faw abundance of fca-birds at this time, 
 among which were two forts ; one like a pigeon, 
 which the feamen called the Cape of Good Hope Hen } 
 and the Peterch, which they term. Mother Carey's 
 Chickens, and are reckoned to forebode a Itorm. They 
 had continual bad weather from the 27th of this month, 
 till the firll of May, and on this day a prodigious fea 
 laid the whole fhip under water for fome time, while it 
 Mew a hurricane, and the rain poured down in torrents. 
 The wind now fhiftcd fo that the head of the vcfTel 
 came right againft a mount.iinous fea, which repeatedly 
 broke over the forccaftle, as far ai the main-maft, K> 
 that it was in danger of finking. 
 
 The weather became afterwards fomcthing more mo- 
 derate, and they repnired in fome degree the damage 
 the (hip had fuftaiiied during the (lorm ; but ihey had 
 not much fine weather afterwards till the oth of May, 
 when they were in fight of the ifland of Malfafuero : 
 and on the loth they faw Juan Fcinandct, and failed 
 ■ round to Cumberland Bay on the ca(t fide of it. The 
 Spaniards had fortified this illaiid, a circumftance till 
 then unknown to Captain C.nrteret. A number of 
 men wvrc fcenon the (horr, .niid two large boats lying 
 on the beach. A houfcand four pieces of cannon were 
 obferved near the fca-fidc ; and on the brow of a hill, 
 at a fmall dillance, was a fort with Spanilh colours 
 (lying on it. Many cattle were (een on the hills, and 
 about 20 houfes 011 different parts of the ifland. The 
 wind blew fo ftrong out of the bay, that it was im- 
 pofliblc to got very near it : they therefore failed weft- 
 «vard, and were followed by one of the Spanifh boats ; 
 but (he foon returned, on obfcrving that the wind kept 
 them out of the harbour. On the caftern fide of the 
 weft h.iy, they faw a kind of guard-houfc with two 
 pieces of cannon, on carriages near it. They now re- 
 turned towards Cumbeilana Bay, when the boat again 
 put after them ; but night coming on they loft fight 
 of her. Captain Carteret did not hoift any colours 
 during all this time, bvcaufc he had none but Englifh 
 ones on board. 
 
 Heartily ch.igrincd at this difappointment, they 
 fteered for Mafiafucro, where they came to an anchor 
 on the i2th, hut found it then impoflible to land, as 
 the beach was rocky, and the furt ran fo violently, 
 that the ableft fwimmcrs could not force their Way 
 through the brcailies. However, the boats landed 
 and filled fome w.itcr-cadcs the next morning. They 
 anchorcxi on the eaft fide of the ifland on the 15th, 
 but were driven from their mooriiiB?!, and kept out at 
 fca all night. The cutter was lent for water in the 
 morning, and the fhip got near the (horc, where (he 
 took fcveral calks on board, and fent back for more, 
 employing the long-boat likewife 01, this fcrvicc, and 
 alio to carry provifions to thofe of the crew that 
 were on the ifl.iiid. The boits being fcen run 
 
 ni,ng along the (bore in the afternoon, the (hip followed 
 and took them in i but in fuch a condition that the 
 whole niiht was fpent by the carnrntcrs in refitting 
 them, and repairing the damage. The cutter was fciit 
 again for watcron the 17th, and returning, the lieu- 
 tenimt brought information that fuch torrents of ra'n 
 and overflowing water had deluged the land, that 
 many of thecafks were loft i and the men had iiiouih 
 to do, to fave themfclves from being drowned. The 
 lieutenant having feen feveral rivulets produced by the 
 rain that h.id fallen, propofed to go and fill the remain- 
 ing cafle, but he had not licen long gone before there 
 were all the figns of an approaching florm. It thun- 
 dered and lightened furprilingty, and as it was grown 
 quite dark, thofe in the (hip (which kept near the 
 (note) began to fear their boat was loft i but (he came 
 along-fide juft in time to fave her from a fquall which, 
 in all human probability, inuft have feni her to the 
 bottom. It appeared that three of the Tailors having 
 fwam on (hore with the cafks, before the ftorm began, 
 the lieutenant was under a nccclBty of leaving tnrm 
 behind him, naked and expofcd to all the fury of the 
 tempcft. 
 
 They returned however, the next day, and related 
 what had paflcd while they were left upon the iflnnd.— 
 As long as theday-light continued, tliey had ftill fome 
 hopes of regaining the boat ; but when the darkncfs 
 came on, finding their fituation cold and damp, they 
 began to think it was in vain at that time to cxpe£i a 
 deliverance ; and therefore began to confider by what 
 means they (hould bcft he able to abide the inconve* 
 niencef of the weather. The only expedient they 
 could hit on, was to lie alternately each between the 
 other two, till day-light. Then they rofe and pro- 
 ceeded by the fca-(hore towards the tent ; but being 
 often interrupted by high points of land, they ven- 
 tured to fwim round them, and that at fuch a diftance, 
 as to avoid the danger of the rocks ; but they cer- 
 tainly ran as great a ril'que from the (harks which 
 abound in thofe latitudes. They were fortunate 
 enough, however, to fuimount all didiculties, and 
 arrived in fafety at the watering-place, where their 
 brother iailors chearfully (hared with tbcm their 
 cloaths and provifions. When they came on board, 
 they were allowed a whole night's reft, and appeared 
 to be in perfefl health the next morning. Thefc were 
 three of the nine men who had fwam on (hore at Ma- 
 deira, as has been already related. 
 
 Such a quantity of fi(h was taken this day by the 
 boat's crew with hooks and lines only as proved fuf- 
 ficient for the whole (hip's company. On the 20th, 
 the (hip which had been ftanding ov and on for fome 
 time, came to an anchor again. That night, and all 
 the next day they had bad weather, but as foon as it 
 
 frew a little calmer, the feamen were font on (hore to 
 ill feals, and make oil of their fat to burn for their 
 lamps. The boats being icnt on (hore on the 22d, 
 returned with a number of Pintado birds, which they 
 got from the natives, who faid that when the wind blew 
 high on the night, thefc birds flew into the fire in 
 fuch numbers, that they caught fever^'' hundreds of 
 them. 
 
 As much water as the wcather'would admit of being 
 brought off, was (hipped on the 23d, but by the vio- 
 lence of the furf feveral of the ca(kt were loft. This 
 fucceflion of bad weather made the captain impatient 
 to be gone. Accordingly, orders were ilfucd for all 
 thofe on lliore to repair on board with the greateft ex- 
 pedition. The velTel was at the fame time driven 
 from her moorings into deep water, dragging the an- 
 chor after her. They were obliged to lie to, now under 
 bare poles, waiting for the boats ; in the mean time 
 the wind was fo violent as to raife the (ea above the 
 maft-head. The long-boat was taken on board with 
 ten of the men in the evening ; but the cutter with 
 the lieutenant and eighteen more ftill remained.— . 
 About midnight, the weather became fomewhat more 
 moderate ; on which the (hip ftood in for the land, 
 and was near the (hore the next morning. The cut- 
 ter was not then in fight, but being difcovercd about 
 7 noon 
 
 «v; : 
 
 M' 
 
104 
 
 Mairifucra. 
 
 Pitciiiri's 
 
 THE VOYAGE OF 
 
 noon rlofe Qnder the land, hrr new were got on lioard 
 -' within three houri. I'he pvo|>le had made iin attempt 
 to come ort' the preceding evening, hut had liarrcly 
 quitted the Hiurc whin their biMt tilled with water, 
 and was in danger ol i^oing ti> the bulloin. With dif- 
 ficulty they rcKait'cd the ihore, where (he renuined 
 all night. The crew not having lien the Oiip in the 
 niorniiij';, had given her nvir lor lo(t, and, having ta- 
 ken thepnipf r iniaiis to fecure ilieir liltl : vcilel, ihuughc 
 of nothing hut waitin;; tu'l the fiimnier, when they 
 might tmnaik in her for Ju .n I'lriKiiuK-*, 
 
 i'lic illanil of Mall'utiiiK , on the coall of which 
 the Swallow was in inch daii;^ i, is about a miles in 
 circumferciu'e : it is of a triangular form, and ap- 
 pears like a liiigle rncic at a ililhiliec. It has many 
 g«u I aiH'lioriiig places, and there are abundance of 
 goats upon the iliand : coil, hallibut, and cray-hlh arc 
 got tliere in great numbers, and thcl'c:<Ii are al moll in- 
 liunicr.dile. There are plenty of bini;., amonj; which 
 are fume very large hawki) and the mountain cabbage 
 is found in this country. 
 
 Having quitted this coaft, the c.iptain failed north- 
 ward, with a vi> w of catshing the Ibulh-euft traile 
 wind. When he had gone farther north than he at firll 
 iiitLnded, he fiaicheiT for the illaiidsof St. Felix, and 
 St. Ambr.jfe, but could not hit upon either of them ; 
 lie alio fought lor the fuppoled continent called Davis's 
 Land, but wil!i no belter luccefs. Indetd, as to the 
 latter, he eoneluded that there was no fuch land in 
 rciiliiy exilling. I Ik y continued thus wandering over 
 the ocean till ihe lytli of June, when the weather was 
 cold and dark, with frequent fleet and rain, and thunder 
 nnd iiglitning. In the midll of this gluom, which 
 was fcaiccly ever cheared by lun-fliinc, bein^the rery 
 fport of the winds, they were obliged to carry as 
 much fail as poinble, lert they (hould perllh by fa- 
 mine before the ihip could be brought into any port 
 whire the crew might be fupplied with provifions. 
 
 At hnuth, on the 2d of July, they faw an ifland 
 that was tloaciied with verdure, and down the fiile of 
 wliieh i.in a lUeam of frefh water. 'I'his they called 
 afitr the name of the perfon that firft diftovered it, 
 Pll, not' I 1/liinJ. 
 
 The vcll'il admitted a great quantity of water on 
 the 4lh, and w.is In a fliattered condition. The men 
 alio be;;an to be vifited by the fcurvy j but they were 
 Well ftippliid with water by that which fell from the 
 clouds, which tlicy caught on an awniiig of painted 
 cauvas. Cijitain Carleict dilcovcrid an ifland this 
 day, w liich he called Ujnahrugh Ijl.mdy and on the 1 2lh 
 faw two other illes, wlierc were found birds fo tame, 
 that the boat's crew caught them in their hands. 
 'i'he other illaiul was about tivclea(;ues diltant, but no 
 water nor vegetables could be found on either of 
 ihem. 1 hev were called the Duki of Qhucifttr' i Ijlandi, 
 I'rom this time to the 7.21I of the month, alternate 
 itorms and calms perplexed them. They had I'ecn 
 no figns of the foutherii continent, and they were 
 no.v bv account 5400 miles from the continent of 
 America. 
 
 The I'curvy now daily increafed among the fiiip's 
 companv, ami thefliip being likewife in fo bad a con- 
 dition. Captain Carteret fleered northward, in hopes 
 , of havinjj the advantage of the trade wind, whereby 
 he thniigfu he might reach fomc ifland, and get the 
 neccfl'ary refiefiiments for his crew. 
 
 From the great number of birds, which they faw 
 on the 25th, they fiippofed that they were near land, 
 but ihcy difcovered none. On the 3d of Auguft thev 
 faw a number of fea-birds, and the current, which 
 Kiore had fet to the northward, now ran ftiong to the 
 fouthward *, being in 10" 18' of fouth latitude, and 
 177' 13' of call longitude.-^— On the loih the fliip 
 fpiang a leak in a place which they could not come al 
 to llop it, which was the fource of no fmall anxiety 
 
 ' I-iuiii thii circamllance the captain conduclcil that t)it 
 pi:T3i;c bittvci;!) New Huilani! to New Zealand opened ui i!>i> la- 
 tiude. 
 
 to the voyagfrs. tlowtver, two dayi afterwaidi, thry 
 law land. Captam CaiterctdileoMring fexui illjnd», 
 failed toward* two which lay very iie;u to|i iher j 
 ind they came to an anchor olf tin; 
 iheni in the evening, where they faw t 
 tive.s, who were woolly-heatlcJ Nejr, 
 
 la,,. 
 
 It of 
 
 ; n 
 oci, and went 
 
 iheni in the cveiiinj;, where they faw two of "the na- 
 tives, who »■< 
 intircly naked. 
 
 Hav inf; lint their boat on (horc, the officer rcporteJ 
 that llu re Was tine lieflj water near llie coall, but llut 
 it could not be procuiid without dirtieully, an the 
 couiuiy was coveiid with thick viootl, quite tu the 
 beach: The conlider.itiun of this difficulty, and the 
 danger that the natives, if they weie dilpolid to loni- 
 meiice hoftilities, might attack them under ci>vcr of 
 thefe v\oods, (jce.ifioncd the captain to ilifpateli the 
 cutter the next day to feck lor fouie more ci'iuenient 
 anchoring place. The mailer was at the lie.ul of the 
 party, and w'as ordered to lleer to the wedwaid. 
 He Was particularly injoined to be on his euard agaiiift 
 the natives, and had leveral trinkets on toard projier 
 to prefenf them with, in order to licure their favour. 
 They alfo lent off the lonp-boat, which brought a 
 lading of water. After this fuccefs Ihe was ordered 
 out a licond time j but, as the natives weie obfcrvcd to 
 come down in numbers towards the landing-place, u 
 fignal was made for her to return imnieJiaiily. A 
 little while afterwards, three Indians were remaikcd 
 fittinc down on the fliorc, who for I'oinc hours con- 
 tinued fledfaftly looking at the (hip. On the lieu- 
 tenant's approaching th.in in the boat, they moved 
 along the (hoie, and were prefently joined by three 
 others. When their conference was over, the former 
 went on, and the latter came towaids tlu- boat with 
 great eXpeilitioM. Thi lieutenant having cdiferved Uy 
 a fignal made from the Ihip, that the captain and his 
 people had watched the motions of thofe on (hore, in 
 coiifequence of which it was lequifite for him to aiht 
 with caution, he landed, and onered his prefenis, to 
 engage theii attention. Uut thefe people, indiad of 
 aicejiiiiig wli.it he oll'eicd, difcharged a Hight of .ir- 
 rows ;it him and his men, and then betook tlieinlclve.s 
 to Hight. None of tlie linglilh were hurt ; they firiil 
 however, iit return, but it did not ajipear that their 
 lire did any execution. 
 
 'I'he mailer and liis party a£ling with lefs caution, 
 and either ignoraiilly or wantonly provoking the ni- 
 lives, fell to fkirmilliiiig with than, after they hail 
 penetrated into the couiiiry. This officer, who camu 
 on board with three arrows flicking in his body, gave 
 the following account of the traiif.iction. 
 
 He faid, that being arrived at a place which was 
 about live leagues ilillant from the Ihip feeing fonic 
 houl'es, but only a few of the inh.ibitants, he relulved 
 to land with four of his crew, well armed. The 
 Indians recovering from the fears they had lirll con- 
 ceived on his approach, received what he prel'enlcd 
 them with marks of laiisfaltion, and gave him Ibiiic 
 fifli, yams, and cocoa-nuts, in return. He then pro- 
 ceeded to the lioufes j but, loon after, perceiving a 
 number of people among the trees, and leveral eani»-» 
 being defcried coming round a point, he m.ide hattc 
 to return to the boat ; but before he could accomplifh 
 his purpofe, a general attack was maJc both on his 
 people and thofe in the boat. The Kngiifh, in return, 
 fired among the Indians, and killed and vi'ounded many 
 of them i notwithllandiiig vthich the nativesconlinued 
 the fight. Some of them ran into the water as high as 
 their brcafts, and when the boat got farther o(}' from 
 the Ihore, the canoes purfucd her, till one of them 
 was funk, and feveral people killed and wounded in 
 the others by the fire of the Englifh. 
 
 But fomc of thofe who were witnefTes of the whole 
 tranfadion, gave a different account of the matter. 
 They airerted, that the Indians had demeaned thein- 
 filves in an amicable manner, towards their guefts, 
 till the mailer provoked them by fellin;r a cocoa-tree, 
 which they had given him to undeifland, they wilhed 
 that he would not meddle with on any account. They 
 added, that as the natives, one man excepted, left 
 the fpot, as foon as the tree was cut down, a .nidfhip- 
 
 uian 
 
 Fccid 
 
 Cirri 
 
 Pol 11 
 
 Trel 
 lllal 
 
 Cap 
 
 niail 
 
 .-^iS'- 
 
CAPTAIN C A R T E R i: T. 
 
 iti 
 
 E)^ont Ifliiiiil 
 Swallow Uay 
 
 rortland 
 lajnil. 
 
 nvron't llir- 
 Uiur. 
 
 Bloody n<y. 
 
 InilUn liour.'s 
 Slid iuduluic 
 
 Craniille't 
 Ktvcr. 
 
 Fcncrt'iPbin: 
 
 Cirtcrct'i 
 Poiot. 
 
 Trevaijlan 
 Iltand. 
 
 Cape Trev- 
 Dian. 
 
 man begged that the miDer woiiM immrdiaiely re- 
 pair on Duard ( but he would by iki mcins uticiid tu 
 Ihit counfcl, iinr did hr retire till the attack wii be- 
 gun. Hnwcver lh.it ini^'ht be, the ciiifequcntc was 
 fatal to him, .ih he and three u( the fcanien afterwards 
 died (il the wuiindt rcct ivcd in thi< Ikirmifh. 
 
 'riiouiih ihty were f.ii from being agreeably fitiiateil, 
 yet the capt.iiii rulolvcd to cndeuvour rei>airin^ the 
 Ihip. The wind letting into the b.iy on the I4il\ ilic 
 Vn% driven neui the Ihiirr, at which time the Indi.ms 
 cxpedting her to run .li^rniind, were obfervcd watch - 
 in^ her t'lom the covert of the woods. A party was 
 fent on (hore tlic next day, after a gnn had been hrcd 
 into tlic woods, in order to dil'perfe any who might 
 be lying in ambulh there. 'I'hc cutter was likewilc 
 fcnt, under the command of Ihi' lieutenant, in order, 
 by repeated firing, to keep the coaft clear for Ciich as 
 tvcre taking in water. Hut notwithltanding all this 
 caution, a dikhargc of arrow* was made by the In- 
 dians, whereby one of the Tailors received a dangerous 
 Vound. The captain perceiving what uafled, ntaile 
 • fignal for the return of the boats, and as loon as 
 that was eft'eiied, fired his cannon into the woods. 
 Another large party being afterwards ohlcrved on a 
 point of the bay, a great gun w:is fired towards thiit 
 <|uarter, and the ball fuliing among them, thev dif- 
 perfril immedi.itely. A conltant liriiig towarJs the 
 woods was afterwards kept up, iind by the dying 
 groans that were heard, it appeared th.it the poor 
 wretches wew puiiilhcd (perhaps too fevercly) for 
 their temerity. 
 
 The captain gave this place the name of Kgrninl 
 Ijlnnilt and the bay Swalhw Bay. The maftcr now 
 (lying of his wounds, and the captain and lieutenant 
 were fo ill that it was doubtful ^ and as there was 
 little likelihood of procuring proper refrtlhmcnts 
 where the vefTcl then lay, there was no longer any 
 entouiagement for proceeding to the foutnwara. 
 They laileil from this hay on the 27th of Auj;iill, and 
 on that day difcovercd an illand, to which thiy gave 
 the name of Pirilanl IjlcinJ, and difcovering an har- 
 bour at about the dillancc of four miles, gave it the 
 appellation of Epon'i llarhur. Tiircc leagues from 
 hence, iheycaniein fight of tl\e bay where ilic Indians 
 hail attaelud the cutler's crew, and gave it the de- 
 nomination of Btocdy Hay. Heie they faw a number 
 of Iioufcs not ill built on the (liore j and ohferved one 
 th It much exceeded the rcll in leni;ih, where it fecnis 
 th.' maimer and liii party had been entertained before 
 the (kirmini, and which feemcd to be conllrudied for 
 a kind of public hall. The fides of the room were 
 covered with matting, and great number'! of arrows 
 were fi-en hangin(^ in this apartment. Many gardens 
 planted with vegetable?, and inclofed with ilon; walls, 
 were obferved in thin neighbourhood. They alfofaw 
 a large town defended by nn angular fortification of 
 flonc at about three miles dittance from this village. 
 A bay was dii'covrred about a league farther on the 
 coaft, into which a river emptied itfelf, which they 
 denominated Granville's River, and called the Point 
 Ojf the Bay, Fcrre.'-s's Point. From hence the knd 
 forms the bay, near wliich was a large Indian town 
 that was extremely well built. As the vcU'el palled 
 by, the natives came out and danced before their 
 houfes, moved round in circles, and holding what 
 appeared to be bundles of grai's in their hands with 
 which they rtroke<l each other. 
 
 Proceeding a few miles farther, they faw another 
 point, which tUe^' called Cnrleret'i Point, where they 
 perceiveil a large canoe with an awning over it, and 
 faw a town fortified like that which we have jull de- 
 fcribnl; and here alfo the Indians danced as before. 
 Some Indians put off in tlieir canoes, to take a view 
 of th'' fhip, but would not come on board. 
 
 Afterwards they came to anothci fmall ifland, to 
 which they gave the appell.ition o( Trevanlan ljl„iit/, 
 and the north part of it was called Cti/tt Trtvanian. 
 Hoth thin iflp and the main land abounded with in- 
 habitant:. Several canoes advanced to att.ick the 
 .boat that was lent to found, as foon as the Indians 
 
 Vol. I. N-I5. 
 
 17^7 
 
 thought (he vi»% nt a convenient diflancr from the 
 (hip. Havinr; dileharged a Hipht of arroW", the 
 boat's crew firing, in return, killed one m.ui and 
 wmmded another. A gun loidtd wiih grape-lliot 
 being alio fired from the Ihip, all the cniUH's made fjr 
 the Ihore, except that wlk'rem w.istho woun Uil nmn, 
 which was taken to the Ihip, and the furgecii employ. 
 cd to examine his wounds. It .ippcared that cue of 
 this man's arms was brokit, and a inut lia<l gone thru' 
 his head I and the furgemi being of opinion lh.it iho 
 latter wouiul was mortal, lie was placed in hit ca- 
 noe again, and with one h.iiid rowed towards the 
 lliore. The canoe was formed only of the hollow 
 tiunk of a tree, he was a young fellow, almoll as tdacic 
 as the negroes of Guinea j his features weie ;;ood, his 
 hair was woolty, and he wore no cloathin.;. 
 
 Ah they failed along the fhorc they law plantains, 
 bananas, and cocoa-nut trees, and great numbrrs <.f 
 hogs and poultry 1 but the captain bcini' yet viry ill, 
 and n'lt having officers fiidieient to dinCt "ii bo.ml 
 the fhip, he had no opportunity of edalilKhin' i frii'nd- 
 ly traffic with the Indians ) and wa'- iiiuilde t'> obiaiii 
 by force thole refrefhmenis v, hiih th. crew bcc:imo 
 e/ery hour iiitire and more in want of. It being 'uu 
 impoflible to proceed fiuthri to the fiiuth, and in dan- 
 ger of being too late fir tile monfoon, he gave imme- 
 diate orders lo proceed northwards, in hopes of dil- 
 covering the country which IJampier has diilin- 
 guilhed oy the name of Nova Urilannla. 
 
 Captain Cartiret gave thefe idands the pcneral 
 name of <^u,cn Chmlollt' s Ijliimls, and befides thofe [;^"'J,',°«"»» 
 already mentioiiet^ he faw (everal which he named as i.ol,i\;,|!ie. 
 follow, viz. Lortl HjUi'i IjhnH, K'P;ti'i Ijknd, t,i>r7cimiliL\, 
 E.lgeaonle'i Ijhmd, Ouny's Iflund, «w/ / c/crtiJ //Mrfj <Hii"'»i and 
 this latl being fo denominated from a fmoke that ill'ued J/''"]"" 
 from its top, which is of an aniaiing height, and *"'*' 
 Ihaped like a I'ligar loaf. 
 
 'rhe canoes of the inhabirants arc made of the trunk 
 of a trtc hollowed, are lar;;e enough to contain ten 
 or twelve people, and are furnifheu with out-rigger«, 
 but have no fails. 
 
 The natives of the country which Captain Carte- 
 ret called Egmont Ifland, were expert at fwimminf; 
 and diving j and very avlHve and vigorous. Their 
 arrows were lb fharp, and dilchargcd with fucli 
 rtrcngth, th't one of them wounded a man in the thigh, 
 after palfipg through the wadi-board of the boat. 
 The points of theic arrows arc Hint, and no metal 
 was fcen among the natives. There arc good har- 
 bours on the coafts of thefc iflands, which likewifo 
 abound in rivers, and have fomc valleys { but for the 
 nuift part they arc mountainous, and covered with wood. 
 
 On the 19th of Auguft the captain failed, and 
 kecpin;.; a W. N. W. courfc, on the aoth he dilcovcr- 
 ed a fmall ifland, which was called Gcwtr's //IfiiJ, Oovtet'ttatni 
 the people of which did not differ in any thing ma- 
 terial from the Indians he had fccn on the other 
 iflands. 
 
 They here procured fome cocoa-nuts in exchange 
 for nails, and the inhabitants had intimated, that 
 they would furnifh a farther fupply the next morning } 
 but it (.■•as then found, that the current had carried 
 the fhip confiderably to the fouth during the night, 
 and brought them within fight of two other iflands, siirpfon's 
 one of which was called Simpfm's IJIand, and the Idaml, 
 other Cartirtt't Ijland. Thefe iflands bore to windward Carteret's 
 of tlie fhip. Thus fituated they failed again to "'»'"'• 
 Gower's Ifland^' which abounds with fine trees, many 
 of which are the cocoa-nut. A boat being fent on 
 fbore, the Indians attempted to fci'zc her, and in re- 
 turn the crew made prize of .1 canoe, in which they 
 found a number of cocoa-nuts. The natives were 
 armed with bows and arrows and fpears. 
 
 The current futing ftrnng to the fouthward, they 
 now fteercd a north-weftcrly courfe, b-jcaufe the bad 
 condition of the fhip, and urknefs of the crew, would 
 have rendered it impoflible for them ever to have got 
 to fca .ipain, if they had been driven into any gulpH 
 or deep hay. On the 22d one of the marines fell over- 
 board and was drowned, 
 
 Xx Tho 
 
 ;%; 
 

 m 
 
 ■* 
 
 
 -^ 
 
 ii6 
 
 THE V O Y A G t O F 
 
 wv>»' 
 
 •^.iCIwrlci 
 II rtli'sllllnd 
 
 n-,„clic;fta's 
 Ji'.mhI. 
 
 It'uiKi, 
 
 Kii^l.lli Cove. 
 
 Carteret'sHai' 
 Imur. 
 
 Lcii'i'iMfland 
 
 Cocni-nut 
 
 lOand. 
 
 The fh!p fell in with iiinc iflands in the niglit of 
 the 24th, which Captain Carteret ftippores to be the 
 fame that were dilcovcred by Tafman, and are named 
 Ohang Java: eight of theii; are very fmall, but the 
 other IS more extenfive, and they are all inhabited by 
 blacks, whofc heads are woolly, like thofe on the 
 coad of Africa. On the 25th they fa\T an ifland 
 co\ci€d with verdure, which was called Sir Charlts 
 ILirdy'sljland; and, from tlie number of fires that were 
 ffcfi on it, they fuppollu it to be inliabitcd. This 
 day they had liglit of a large iflani!, formed of three 
 hii^h hills, which took the name of ll/inchilfa! Ijland. 
 On the 26th they faw another large ill.ind to the 
 npith, which Captain Carteret imagines to be the 
 ifland of St. John, that was difcovered by Schoiitcn. 
 I'licy were now within fight of Nova Biitannia, and 
 the ;icxt morning the current drove the ihip into a 
 il'.op bay, which in Danipier's voyages was called St. 
 George's Bay. On the 28th, they gave the name of 
 »7'<j//;j'j^i<Wtoafmall ifland in a b'a' , off which they 
 came to an anchor, and were wtN 75oomilesduc 
 weft from the main land of America. The cultcr 
 was fent out to catch fifli ; but not fucceeding, flie 
 returned with a lading of cocoa-nuts. The next day, 
 after great fatigue, they weighed anchor, and failed 
 to a place they called Englijh Cove, and began im- 
 mediately to take in uood and water. They now at- 
 tempted to catch filh with hooks and lines, and alfo 
 with their i.ets, but did not fuccecd in either attempt : 
 turtle likcwife were very plentiful, yet they could not 
 take any of them ; but, at low water, they procured 
 fome largo cockles and rock oydcrs. They procured 
 cocoa-nuts and the cabbage of the cocoa-tree, which 
 i trifp and juicy ; this, whcr eaten raw, taltes like 
 a chefnut j but when boiled, has a more agreeable 
 flavour than a parfuip ; it was found particularly 
 good whi \ boiled with portable foup and oat-meal. 
 They llk^ivife gathered fome plumbs, which tailed 
 like thofe of (he \V>ft-lndies which they called Ja- 
 maica plumbs J and by thisfupply of vegetables, they 
 ibpn grew more 'lealthy. 
 
 This idand appeared to have been lately inhabited, 
 as feveral wretched huts were feen, in which there 
 were remains of fires, and the (hells of filh, which 
 did not fccm to have been long taken : they likcwife 
 faw two animuls refembliiia; do;^-:. The foil licre pro- 
 duces palm-trees of various kin^j.^ ; aloe?, canes, bam- 
 bo I . Tttans, betel-nut, and the nutmeg- trees j 
 with a variety of other tree's, anU maii^ ftirubs and 
 plants, of which the names were not known. In 
 the woo<ls was a lari;e bl.iek-birJ, wiiofe note was 
 fomewhat like the barking of a do"; there were like- 
 wife parrots, rooks, pigeons, and doves j and cen- 
 tipieds, ferijcits, and Icorp'ons, were feen on the 
 ifland. 
 
 I'hey took in wood and water here, repaired 
 the fliip in the belt manner that cirrumftances would 
 admit, and took poU'eirioii of the country, with all 
 the neie;hbourifig iflands, for the kinir of tJreat Bri- 
 tain. 1 his was done by nailing on a lofty tree a piece 
 of boaril faced with le.nd, on which was engraved the 
 name of the ved'el and of the captain, the time of 
 their entering and leaving the harbour, and the repre- 
 fentation of the union fl.ig. Tliey left the cove on 
 the 7th of September and anchored on the fame day 
 almoft clofe to a grove of cocoa-nut trees, where they 
 plentifully fupphcd thcmfclvcs with fruit, and the 
 tabb;ige. Thiy called the place, Ctirtcret's Hariour, 
 which being formed by tlie main and two iflands, one 
 of them was named Leigh's Ijhnd, and the other 
 Cocca-nut Ijland, 
 
 The captain now rcfolvcd to fai! for Datavia, while 
 the mnnfoon continued favourable : on the gth of 
 September, therefore they weighed anchor, apd 
 when they were about four leagues from lard, the 
 wind and current being both againft them, they fleeieil 
 round the coad into a channel between two iflands, 
 which channel was divided by another ifland, to which 
 Captain Carteret gave the name of the Dute of i'crk'i 
 Ijland, and near which arc ."everal fmallcr iflauds. To 
 
 the fouth of tbelaigeftol t'n.n; arelliiee iiilUof f;n^u!ar 
 form, which were called the .Uot.ln a!:d Duur:l.u>t, 
 one of which was fuppofud to be a volcaiio liwn 
 the Urge clouds of fmoke that were leen iiluing trom 
 it. A point they c:illcd Ciift Pallij'er, lies to tlic eaft p _ ,,., 
 of thtfehill«, and Caps Slephet.s to the veil ; north ofc,'f;^s,, ,'„"• 
 which laU. lies an illand, which took the name of the 
 Ifleof Man. The country in general is mountainous ^'^ '"''^ 
 and woody, and was fiippiifed to be inhabited, fiom 
 the numbers of fires feen on it ia the night. On the 
 Duke of York'j Ifland, the houles were fmiated among 
 groves of cocoa-nut trees, and thus formed a molt 
 beautiful pioliiciil. They brought to, for the night, 
 and failed agiiin in the morning, when lomc of the 
 Indians put oft' in canoes towards the fliip ; but the 
 wind being fair and blowing fredi, it was not thought 
 prudent to wait for them. 'I'hey now iletrcd iiorih- 
 weft by well, and loft fight of New Britain 011 the 
 nth, when it w.as found that what had been t.Tien for 
 a bay, was a ftreight, and it was called i"<. G'«i;f'j St. Georgt's 
 Channel, whilft the liland on the north of itreccivid theChannel. 
 name of A/iric Ijlaml. In the evening they dil(:ovcred i{c„,ig,gj, 
 a large ifland, well clothed with veidurc, which was 
 dcmuninated Sandwich JJland : off this illand the IhipSandwIcIi 
 lay great part of he nijht, during which time a Ifland- 
 perpetual noifc refembling the found of a drum 
 was heard from the fliore. When they had almoft 
 cleared thcftreiglits, the weather fallingcalm, a num- 
 berof canoes approached thelhip, and tho' their crews 
 could not lie prevailed on to go on board, they ex- 
 changed fome trifles with thcKngliflifor nails and bits 
 of iron, which they preferred to every thing elfe that 
 was oftered them. 'I'hough the canoes of ilicfe pc-o- 
 |>le were formed ^ut of fingle trees, they were between 
 80 and I oo feet in length. The natives wire negroes, 
 and their hair was ol the w oolly kind ; but they had 
 neither thick lips nor flr.t nofes. They wore ftii 11- 
 work on their legs and arms, but were othervvife 
 naked. Their hair and beards were powdered with 
 white powder, and a leather was ftruck into the head 
 of each, above the ear. 1 heir weapons confiftcd of a 
 long ftick and a fpear ; aiid it was obfervcd, that they 
 had fifliing-ncts and eordai^e. 
 
 Sailing from hence welhvar,!, they came in fight 
 of the fouih-weft jioiiit of the ifland, it was called 
 Cape Byron; near which is an illaiid of confiderablc ■* ''''™"' 
 extent, which received the name of \ew Hunover. 'the NewHjnorer. 
 ftreight tlicy had now pafled was called jSj' on'/ Bynm'j 
 Utreifht ; one of the largelt ill inds they had fecn,S"eiKl«. 
 Byron's Ijland and the fouth-well puint of Ne* ^^An-^nmtWdtnA. 
 over, i^ucen ChiirLlle's Foreland. On tilL' folloAingQiiemChar- 
 day they faw feveral fmall ifland', which received the ">•"'» P""- 
 
 nameof the D. cf Portland's Ilta-nls. Haviiii: eomplet. Iir ';1"'|- , „ 
 
 . 1 e. /' '11 u 1 1 1 I vDukcof Port- 
 
 navigated St. (jcorge s channel, the wiiole length ol i^^j., jjjj^j, 
 
 which is about 100 leagues, they held on a weft- 
 ward courfe, and on the 14th of September dilcovcred 
 feveral iflands. The next morning fome hundreds of 
 the natives came oft" in canoes towards the fliip, and 
 were invited on board by every token of friendfhip and 
 good will ; notwithllanding which, when tiny came 
 within reach, they threw feveral lances at the in- 
 men on the deck. A great gun and feveral mul<j»i-t« 
 were then fired at them, by which foinc were killed 
 or wounded; on which they rowc-d towards fliorc; 
 and after they had got to a diftance, a {hot w.is fired, 
 fo as to fall beyond them, to convince them that they 
 were not out of the rcich of the g'ins. Soon after, Coiue 
 other canoes advanced from a diltaiit part of the illand, 
 and one of 'l.cin coming nearer than the reft, the peo- 
 ple in it were invited on board thi- (hip: inftead of 
 complying, tliey threw in a number of darts and 
 laiiccs. I'hisairault was returned by the firing of fe- 
 veral mufquets. bv which one of the Indians wa* 
 killed; on which his companions jumped over-board, 
 and fwam to the other canoes, all of whom rowed to 
 the fhore. The canoe bei^g taktn on board, was 
 found to contain turtle, anil fome other fifti, alfo a 
 fruit of a fpecies between an apple and a [•Uimb, hi- 
 theito unknown to Kiiropcanv. Thcfe pi.opij were 
 moftly negroes, wi:li woolly hair, which they jx)w- 
 
 dcrtd. 
 
 4_ 
 
CAPTAIN CARTERET, 
 
 .67 
 
 tt'i, 
 
 limn 
 Irom 
 
 til ofc,pcSitplien«- 
 
 tmm 
 In the 
 iiiong 
 
 molt 
 night, 
 )t the 
 lut the 
 lought 
 iiorih- 
 oii the 
 kcii for 
 
 j«';''» St. George's 
 ivid thet^h"""''- 
 covered New Wand, 
 ich was 
 the IhipSunilwich 
 
 time alfl«'»»- 
 i drum 
 d almoft 
 , a num- 
 cir crews 
 thcv cx- 
 i and bits 
 ^ elfr that 
 'licil- P'-o- 
 e tdtwceii 
 : ncr;rocs, 
 tthcy hail 
 .oreftiill; 
 
 others lie 
 Icrcd \vith 
 to the head 
 nfillcd cf a 
 , that they 
 
 ne infigUt 
 
 was <:^1J<;" Cape Byron. 
 
 jnlidcrable 
 
 Ncver. ThcNewHanortr. 
 
 led By'rot't By"."'* 
 
 >;c« H.in- BvrnnMfland. 
 ■•|ollo«ingQ«etnCh«r- 
 
 oceivcd the;..'"-'"""- 
 r complet. ly i,„v,c of Port- 
 ,le Uiiglh ol iind', Iftudt- 
 
 ,,1 a wcft- 
 , (iiicovcrcd 
 hundreds of 
 le (liip, ""<' 
 riciidftlip ami 
 •n iii<-y laiTie 
 i at the I'-i- 
 ral muliiviet* 
 e v-cre ixiUtil 
 vvnrds Ihorc; 
 lu.tvvai t^rt-d, 
 hem that thi.-y 
 on after, loiije 
 tof the 1 11 and, 
 
 reft, the peo- 
 p: infteadof 
 
 ,)f darts and 
 le firms of (c- 
 c Indians wa» 
 )cd over-board, 
 vhoni rowed to 
 on board, wa» 
 
 icr fifti, "l'".* 
 1 a plumb, hi- 
 •k pt:o\)i« *«re 
 liich they pow- 
 dered. 
 
 Ailmiralty 
 IflanJs. 
 
 Steplien's 
 lllands. 
 
 tiered, and went naked, except the ornaments of 
 flielU round their arms and legs. 
 
 Captain Carteret now conlted along the inands, to 
 which he gave the general name of the Mmiralty JJIantls. 
 He dcfcribcs them as having a beautiful appearance, 
 being covered with woods, groves of cocoa-nut trees 
 and the houlcs of the natives. The largeft is com- 
 puted to be about 50 miles in length ; and he lup- 
 poles that they produce many valuable articles, parti- 
 cularly fpices. They difcovered two finall verdant 
 Durnuri andiflandson the 19th, which were called /)«i»tt>'j ^r7ffrf, 
 Matty'slfland.and Matty's Ijland, the inhabitants of which laft ran 
 along the coall with lights during the night. They 
 had light of other two fmall illands on the 24th, 
 which were called Stephen's Ijhnds, and which abounded 
 with beautiful trees. They faw alfo three itlands 
 on the 25th in the evening, when the natives came otf 
 in canoes, and went on board the fllip. They bar- 
 tered cocoa-nuts for fome bits of iron, with which 
 metal they did not feem unacquainted, and appeared 
 cxtrav.igantly fond of it. They called it pannm, 
 and hinted that a fliip fometimes touched at their 
 illands. Thcfc people were of the copper colour, 
 and had fine black hair j but their beards were very 
 fmall, as they were continually plucking the hair 
 from their facss. Their teeth were even and white, 
 and their countenances very ai^rccablc. They were 
 fo extremely aiitive that they ran up to the malt-head 
 quicker than the failors. hvcry thing that was given 
 them they ate and drank with freedom, and fcemed to 
 have no fort of referve in their behaviour. A piece 
 of fine mattinj; '.vrapped round their waifts, conlli- 
 tuted the whole of their drefs, and good-nature ap- 
 peared to be the only rule of their .ne'lions. 
 
 The current carrying the (hip fwiftW along, the 
 capt.iin had not the opportunity of landing ; and was 
 therefore obliged to reful'e gratifying thcfe friendly 
 people in that particular, though they readily oftVrcd 
 that fome of their people fliould remain as hoilages 
 for the fafe return of any of the officers or Ihip's com- 
 pany who fhould "ih||t|iLto go on fhore. Finding that 
 their oft'er was nam|Hitcd, one of the Indians abfo- 
 lutely refufed to qittt tne ftiip : he was carried in on- 
 f?quence, as far as the ifland of Celebes, where he 
 died. Jthis man was named Jofeph Freewill, and they 
 called the larn[eft of the iflcs, Frrewill Ijhtrul, (by the 
 natives *alleil Pegan.) 'The names of the two other 
 
 Pcj'in.or 
 
 FrccwiU 
 
 m.uui. 
 
 Oiiitta and 
 Uiiclla. 
 
 iflands were Onatnm^ Ontikmi 
 
 An ifland was dfTcovred irom the maft-hcad as they 
 
 Current 
 Illaiul. 
 
 held on their courfe, on tiie 28th in the evening, but 
 they neither landed there nor gave it a name. On the 
 1 2th of Oftober they faw a fmall ifle which the" 
 named Current IJlawl, from the great llrcngth of the 
 foutiicrly current in thofc parts ; and the next day 
 two iflands were difcovered, to which they gai:; the 
 name of St. Andrew's IJhrd. 
 
 The next land api)carcil to be Mindanao, .along t!ie 
 Captain Car- fouth-eail part of which they coaik'd, feekini; for a 
 j,Y' ""^■'^ '■ " bay which Dampicr had defcribed ; but this they could 
 not find. The boat, however, found a little creek at 
 the fouthern extremity of the ifle, near which a town 
 and a fort were fecn. The people having dcfcried the 
 boat from the fliore, a gun was fired, and feveral ca- 
 noes came otF after it. The lieutenant therefore re- 
 treated towards theihip, which, when the canoes dif- 
 covered, they retired and made towards the (hore. 
 
 The captain now ftood to the ealhvaid, and on 
 the 2d of November anchored in a bay near the fhorc, 
 whither the boats were difpatched to take in water. 
 No figns appeared of that part of the itbnd being in- 
 habited ; a canoe however came round a 'point, feem- 
 inglywitha view of obl'erving them, which rowed 
 back again, after having taken a furvey of the vcf- 
 
 But, in the nifht, a ^reat noife was he.ard on the 
 fliorc, fomewhat like the war-fong of the Americans. 
 The captain therefore made proper preparations to de- 
 fend himt'clf in cafe hoftilities fliould b'- commenced 
 on the part of the illanders. 
 
 One of the boats was fent on Ciore for water the 
 
 next mornintr, and the oilier was ordered 10 hold !ior- 17^7 
 lelf in rcadiiiefs, in cafe her afliflaiue fliould hi ne- v.^v"^' 
 ceflary. The crew had no I'ooncr Indtil than (ever.il 
 arme^d men came forward from the v. nod , ;iMd one 01 
 them held up fomething white, uiiieh living con- 
 ftrued as a fign of amity, the Ciptuiii h.uii.g iiowhife 
 flag on board, determined to (end the lieuteii.nit wi;h 
 a table cloth in order to aiifwcr the token nf pen<e. 
 I'or the prelelit this bad the defired elFect. '{'.'■o In- 
 dians, who (jiokc bad Dutch and Spanilh, having at 
 lalt made themfelves underltood by the odirti in ihi 
 latter language, made fevcial inquiries v. iiicli chiefs' 
 turned upon defiring to be informed whither theihip 
 belonged to the (Vatcs of Holland, and whether l!ie 
 Was bound to llatavia or elfewhere. H^allowaiUid 
 to know whtthcr (he \v.i> a (hip ot war, and wh.u 
 number of gunsllie carried. H;iving liceii reli)Ked .'is 
 to thefe particulars, lie (.lid tlicy nii'^ht procicd to tha 
 town J I'omc armed Indians were ordered to retreat, 
 and the lieutenant prelented a filk handkerchief to tlie 
 peif'on he tonverlld with, receiving .1 neck-cloth in 
 return. 
 
 When thecaptain heard this, he was highlv phMllJ, p.-.;.i,,i 
 thinking that all matters were now in a prujKr train, ,i,.,i., .. , 1 i!.c 
 cipecially as he had received a fupply of water; hut ii. I. iiU. ..«;:. 
 while he was enjoying this profU'iit, he perccfvcd lome 
 hundreds of armed Indians on the ihore, who held up 
 their targets, and brandiflied their fwords, by way of 
 defiance, and at the fame time difeharirtd their lames 
 and arrows towards the velfel. Notwiiliflanding this 
 hoftilo appearance, the captain wa> (HU v\'illinir, if 
 poffiblc, to avoid coming to extremities with the 
 iflanTlers, and for that purpoie, (ent the licu'enr.nt on 
 ^fbrc to difplay again the former fign of peace.' As 
 the boat approached the (horc, but v/ithotit landing her 
 men, one of the natives beckoned them to come where 
 he llooil, but the lieutenant did not chule to obey this 
 fummons, left he fhould come within reach of the ar- 
 rows of the illanders. He now concluded that there 
 were Dutchmen or people in the Dutch intcreft on 
 fhore, to whole interference this apparent alteration 
 in the difpofition of the n.uives was owing, and who 
 had irritated the natives againft the Swallow's crew, 
 on being informed that Ihe was an Englilh vefl'el. 
 Captain Carteret however Cilcd from this place, which 
 he called Dneiiful Btiy with a full intention to vifir. 
 
 the town ; but foon after the wind hlowing vio- r. -.it, 
 11/1 11 1 1 ■ /- 1 • I ^1 , DtccittulBay. 
 
 lently 111 (hore, he altered his refolution, and (leered 
 
 dircdtly for Batavia, which was probably the btft 
 courfe he could have taken in fucli a critical fitua- 
 tion. 
 
 He reached the ftreight of MacafTar, on the 14th 
 of November, which ftreight lies between the iflands 
 of Celebes and Borneo. To a point of the former they 
 at this time gave the name of Hutnmtci Point ; and ,, , 
 
 to the weftward of this point they dit'covered a great i"[l'^°'' 
 many boats filhing upon the fhoals. On the 21 ft, 
 they were in fight of two very fmall iflands, whic-li 
 were covered with verdure, andCapt. Carteret Ciippofed 
 them to be the Taba Ifles, mentioned in the !• -ench 
 charts. They eroded the equinoiSlial line,, and came 
 into fouthern latitude, on the agth of this month, 
 the tornadoes becoming violent, and the current 
 fetting againft them. Death had nowdiminifhed the 
 crew, and ficknefs was daily weakening^ the remain- 
 der. They had fight of the Little Pater-Noftcrs 
 (iflands fo called) which are fituatc fomething more 
 than two degrees to the fouthward of the cquinoifial 
 line, but the winds and currents would not fuffer 
 them at that time to land for any refreflimcnt. At 
 this time the whole crew were alike afilickd with the 
 fcurvy, and what was very diftrelfing they were attacked 
 ibon after in the night by a piratical vellel, which had 
 been feeii the evening before. She engaged them with 
 ( wivcl guns anu fmall arms ; but though they could not 
 (ec their enemy, they returned her fire fo warmly that 
 they fent her to the bottom, and .ill her crew perilhed. 
 .As' to the SwiiUow (he received ("ome fmall dam:.ge, 
 and h.id two perions wounded on board. The veflrl 
 that (he funk belonged to a pirate who had no lefsihan 
 
 thirty » 
 
 
ibS 
 
 1767 
 
 TU arrjv 
 M.i:.i:'.or 
 
 111 n-'isv 
 ct tl:= Ui 
 jovclnor. 
 
 $ 
 
 THE VOYAGE OF 
 
 thirty of them engaged in the bufincls of plunder, 
 which conlhntly infeltcd ihcle feas. 
 
 The ilil'c;ifcs of Captain Carteret's men now daily 
 incuafcd. hy the i2ch of this month he had lulf 
 thirteen of his crew, and thirty others were almull on 
 the point of death. The welferly monfoon being fct 
 ill they could have no liopcs of rcacliing Batavia, and 
 their litiiatioii was fiich that they mult perifh if they 
 could not fpeedily make land. On this account, it 
 was rcfolved to llecr for Macallar, a Dutch fettle- 
 mcnt on the ifland of Celebes ; and happily they ac- 
 complilhed their dclign, coming to anchor off that 
 ifland, at the dillance of more than a league from 
 '" Macaifar, on the 15th of December. 
 
 The governor fent a Dutchman on board the Swal- 
 low late that night, wlio fecmed much alarmed on 
 finding that fhc was an Knglifli ihip of war, and 
 would not truft himfelf in the cabin. Early the next 
 morning the captain difpatched a letter to the govern- 
 or rcquclling Lave to buy provifions, and to Ihclter 
 his (hip till the feafon lor failing wellward came on. 
 The boat arriving at the fliorc, none of the crew were 
 luff..' red to land; aiiil, tlie lieutenant having refiifej 
 to deliver the letter to any but the governor himl'elf, 
 twoofficers, callcdtlie Sliebaiidar and tin- Fifcal, came 
 to him with a n.eli'a»/,c, importing that the governor 
 was ficlc and had cojnm.inded them to come for the 
 letter. The lieiitcnanl, though he ili'iuglu this was 
 only a mere pretence, at lei^th dclivereJ the letter, 
 wliieh they took away with them. After the boat's 
 crew hud waiteil without any refreftiment for feveral 
 hours in the luat of the lun, they were told that the 
 governor had ordered two g< nileinen to wait on their 
 c.ipuin with an anfwer. As the boat lay off the 
 \\ ii.iff, the people on board oblerved a great luiirv on 
 fliorc, and coniliided that all hands were biify in lu- 
 ting out armed Vwll.ls, a cireiimilance which could 
 not n.uch contrilmte to tiieir fatisl.iction. 
 our AeeorJinj to the pruriiire given, fooii a'tcr the boat's 
 -'h return, tuo j,uiiliinen of tile names of De Cerf and 
 Duuejas came with difp.itihe^, deliring, " That 
 th.j Ihip m:^',ht li-.ltaiitly dep.irt liimi the port, without 
 coming any n.r.ier to the tnvvn ; iiifilting that fhe 
 fhoiihi not .intlmi on anv part of the coalt, and that 
 the c.plain iliuuld not permit anv of ihe people to 
 I;uid on any |'lace under the governors jurildiction." 
 The cpptaiii could not but Imfibly feel the cruelty 
 of this proceeding. As the ffion5;elt argument that 
 cuulj liL ul^d in aiifwer to the Utter, he Ihewtd his 
 dying men to thegimlenun, and urged the neceflity 
 of tiiceale; n'.'r could they but feel the piopriety ol 
 gr.uuing ri.fri(hmeiit> to tlie fiibjict-. of a power at 
 police wall their couiitrv, and who wire in fueli a Je- 
 jilorable fiiuatiun ; but ihey obfcrved that their orders 
 W-re ubfiiKile and mull be obeyed. Iiicciifed at this 
 treatment, Captain Culeret, at laft, declared, that 
 he would con'.e to an anchor dofe to the town, and 
 th'ii, if tluy perfiUcd in rclufing him nccellary le- 
 frLfliiiKiUi:, th;\t he would run the fliip aground, whui 
 his crew would fell their llies as dear as pollible. 
 Beina; alar.ne I :\t this diilaration, they intreateU tut 
 captain to remain in his prclenl fituation till further 
 orders lli;>ulJ arrive. Tliis he promifed, on condition 
 thnt an anlwer ihould be fent before the letting in of 
 th- f.d-breeze the next day. 
 
 In the niorniiv; early, it was obfcrved that a floop 
 of war, and aiioiher vell'el with foldiers on boiixd, 
 anchored umler the (liip's bows. Tlicy refufed to 
 (peak with Captain Carteret, and as he \*'eighcd and 
 fa fail with the fet-brteze, they did llie fame, and 
 clofely followed him. As he proceeded, a vcffel from 
 the town ajiproached him, wherein «crc fevcal gen- 
 ti'Mi'en, .,iid Mr. Dougl.is ai.iiiigthemj but, till tlie 
 Swj'i.j'v dri,ip<d anchor th' 7 could not come on 
 b.'.itl. Til') cXjirelied foiiie i'urpii/c at the Lnijlifti 
 vcfi' I's h.iviii" advanced lo f'V ; but the capt.iin al- 
 leilg'd 1I1..1 Ik., iial only acted according to his former 
 deilar'tion, whii h his profent fituation would I'utii- 
 cieiitly julMy to every Candid perfon. 
 
 Theic gctillcnicn brought with them two Ihcrp, fonic 
 7 
 
 fowls, fruit, and other provifions, which were ex- 
 tremely welcome to the Englilh ; but, after they had 
 made feveral propofals, with which he could not com- 
 ply, he fliewcd them the dead body of a man who had 
 expired but a few hours before, and whofu life might 
 probably have been faved, had tlie Dutch fent them 
 a timely fupply of refrclhments, and again declared 
 lis relolution of executing what be had threatened, 
 f they would not comply with his requilition. His 
 guelts now enquired whether thefliip had touched at 
 the fpice iflands, and were anfwertd in the negative. 
 At lalt it was agreed, that the Swallow fliould fail 
 for a bay at a little diftancc, where an holpital for 
 the fick might be provided, and where jirovilions were 
 generally plentiful, and, if there was a want of any 
 articles, they might be fupplied occafiolially from the 
 town. 
 
 It will be imagined that a propofal of this kind 
 was readily agreed to by Captain Carteret ; all he in- 
 filled upon was, that it Ihould be ratified by the 
 governor and council, which was afterwards done in 
 tlie proper manner. He could not forbear afking, 
 however, for wliatrcafun the t.vo vellllshad ai^hored 
 under his ftiip's bows. H." received foraiifwer, that 
 this was only done in a friendly manner, to pioted 
 her from any infult that might be offered by the na- 
 tives of the country. While this treaty was going 
 forward, the Englilh captain had nothing to give his 
 guelts but rotten bifeuit and bad fait meat ; however, 
 they had ordered an elegant dinner to be drcU'ed on 
 board their own veffel, which was afterwards ferved 
 up at his table, and they parted in friendlhip. 
 
 I'lie next day an officer from the town came on 
 board, to uhom the captain applied to get money for 
 his bills on the Englilh government, lleproniiled to 
 endeavour to do this, and for that purjvife went on 
 Ihore, but wncn hu returned in the evening, he laid 
 that there was no perlon in the town that had any 
 c.ilh to remit to Europe ; that the company's cheit 
 was quite empty. This was a great difficulty ; how- 
 ever it was lurmounted at lall by an order being fent 
 to tile Kelidciit at IJoiuhain, W&ohad money to remit, 
 anti v/ho, in conli.quenee received the bills in qucltion. 
 Matters being thus aceominodatcd, they failed on the 
 20lh of December, and anchored in the road of 
 Bonthuin on the nil, at which time the guard-boats 
 were moored between them and the Ihore, to prevent 
 anv communication between the fhi|>'s boats and the 
 nativekof the country. The captain having waitedun 
 the rcfideiit, to fettle the mode of procuring provifions, 
 he had a huule appointed for him near aimall Dutch 
 fort. Ttic lick being now lanrled at this jdacc, which 
 was fitted up in the manner of an holpital, they were 
 put under a guard v, Inch was commanded by M. Le 
 Cerf, who would not fuffer them to go above thirty 
 yards from the Ipot, nor would he let the feanicn car- 
 ry on any fort of trei.ty with the natives, lo that all 
 the profits \, ere cngrofl^.d by the Dutch liildiers, vvholi 
 jains v.'ere immoderate j lo great indeed, that foinc of 
 tliem fold at more than a thoufand per cent, after 
 having extorted the proviiions from Ihe natives, at 
 what price they pleafed. Captain Carteret having 
 remonltrateil with the Refiileiit, on the injullice of 
 this procedure, he fpokc to the loluiers on the fubjciil, 
 but this produced no good eh'ect j and it was known that 
 after this Le Cerl's wife fold ]>rovifions at more than 
 double the prime colt while it was fufpcdtcd that her 
 hulliaiid f'llcl arrack to the leainen. 
 
 On the 26th and 27lh, three veffels arrived, one 
 of which hail troops on board, dellincd for the Hand* 
 Iflaiuls ; luit their boats not being allowed to go on 
 board the fliip, the captain prevailed on the Relldent 
 to purfeliale, for his ufe, tour calks of f.dt provifions. 
 Above one hundred f.iil of praws arrived in Bonlhain 
 Bay on the 2l;lli. Thefe veflels, which filli KHinl 
 the illiiid, ca;ry Dutch Cfdours, and fend the pro- 
 duce of their labours to China lor fale. 
 
 On the 1 8th of January a letter from MacafTar in- 
 formed Captain Caileu t, that the Dolphin, hi.i olJ 
 confurt, had arrived at liatavia. Ten days aftcrwaixis 
 
 the 
 
 M^;^;^ 
 
^^ ■ 
 
 ti A P T A i N C A R r i. li T. 1 
 
 
 inc 
 1> 
 
 on 
 nt 
 
 lis. 
 iiin 
 ml 
 
 lO- 
 
 In- 
 
 oU 
 nils 
 the 
 
 the fccrewry, wlio liad been fcnt with LcCirfhad 
 orders to return to Macaflar. On the 19th of Feb. 
 Lc Ccrf liimfclf was recalled, and oh the 17th of 
 March the largcft of the guard-boats was ordered back. 
 On the nth the rcfidciit received a letter from the go- 
 vernor of Macafliir, enquirinff when Captain Cirterct 
 would fail for Batavia, though he muft know it could 
 rot be before the eaftt-rn moiifonn fct inj which would 
 not be till May. Aft thefe were fufpitious circum- 
 ftanccs; and toward thecnd of the month a cailoc was fre- 
 quently obfcrved paddling round thcfliipftvcral timr-s 
 in the night, but returned as foon as fhe « as difcovcred. 
 Various conjcilurcs were formed, relative to this 
 circumftancc and fomc others which appeared not to 
 wear a very favourable afpctt. In the mean time, a 
 letter was fcnt to the captain, wherein he wa» given 
 to underftand, th:it a defi^n was formed for his de- 
 ftruiftion : thefcheme w.ts laid to be laid by the Dutch, 
 but the fon of the king of Boily was to be the chief 
 p(*rfon to put it into execution, as he was on terms of 
 fricndfhip with them, ,who had often afliftcd Jiim in 
 his attempts to rcducethe rdft'of the ifland of Cclcfccf. 
 The pretended grounds for thefe proceedings were to 
 prevent the Englifli from forming connexions with 
 anyofthofc unlubducd natives. On receiving this 
 intelligence, though the captain could not be certain 
 whether it was true or net, yet he thought it highly 
 proper to put liimfalf in a pofture of defence. In re- 
 ality, lie fufpedtcd that the refident was concerned in 
 this piece of treachery, of which he had now received 
 information ; though as to this particular he had after- 
 wards fufficient reafon to believe orherwife ; but it 
 appeared that one of the princes, fubjcA to the kin^ 
 of Bony, and a minifter of that monareh had been 
 privately at Bonthaii',, but of 800 men who were fai< j 
 to be there, no traces couKI be found. 
 
 On the 7th of May the captain received, through 
 the hands of the refident, a letter from the governor 
 of Macafl'ar, denying his hslvin-; any knowledj^e of 
 the above-mentioned projedf, and requiring that the 
 writer of the letter might be given up ; but this 
 requidtion was not complied with, as the captain 
 knew he would be equally puniftied, whether his in- 
 formation was true or falfe. 
 
 At this place they purchafed plentj- of frefii pro- 
 vifions, at moderate prices; and, among the reft, 
 beef of an excellent quality. 'I"he bullocks of this 
 country arc thofe that have the bunch on the back ; 
 and it abounds in buffaloes, horfes, fliccp, '"dei r, 
 and goats. The natives neither cat pork nor turtle; 
 but tlicy fold the latter, as well as other fifh, toCap- 
 tain Carteret. 
 
 Having taken in wood and water, they failed hence 
 on the 22d of May, and, (Jeering along the fliorc, came 
 to an anchor the fame evening between the iflaiids of 
 Celebes and To:iikaky. They failed again in the 
 morning, and at night faw the fouthcrninoft of she 
 iflands of Salombo. On the 26th they faw the ifland 
 of Luback; and on the 29th a numbcrof iinall iflands, 
 called Carimon Java. 
 
 On the 2d of June they had fight of the land of 
 Java, and on the following day came to an anchor in 
 the road ol Batavia, after having with difficulty pre- 
 vented the ftiip from finking, by thcconftant w'orking 
 of the pumps, during her whole pafTai^e from Celebes, 
 having fired guns of f«lut«tion, the captain attcndid- 
 the governor, reque.lKng pcrmiflion to repair the de- 
 fci5ls of the fhip ; but he was dircif.td to petition the 
 council. The council met on the Monday following, 
 when the captain fuit a letter, ftating tlic defrfls of 
 the ftiip, and requelHiig pcrmiflion to repair her. The 
 time from this day till the T ith of the month, was lo(i 
 in altercation', rcfpc'lini; the affair nt Bonth.nin Bay ; 
 the governor and council infifting, that Captain Car- 
 teret (hotild (ign a formal di-claration, that he believed 
 the report of an intention formed at CeUbey, for cut- 
 tine off the fliip, was falfe and malicious ; and he 
 on his part refolutcly pcrliiting in his refuf.il to fign 
 any fuch paper. 
 
 The captain learned, m\ the 18th that orders had 
 VvL. I. N 15. 
 
 been ifl'ued for repairing the (liii- :•■. OdmiH >• ii '"'' 
 a pilot had attended her, and v heie Iht unnr u, -11 
 anchor, on the ^idof June. Tlie u'lviifs, liowe'. ■ ■, 
 being pre-engaged by other vell'els, it w.is the n'h 
 of July, bef/re the repiiir^ cor.r.uiixcd. The liii;> 
 when txa-.iiined, w.is l"und to he in lo dicnyed .wi 
 rotten a condition, that the Dutch carpenter v fiiild 
 not undertake to repair her witlunit fliiltinghcr v.lnle 
 bottmi, till thecajitain had certified umler Ins liaiv',_ 
 tliat whatever fliould be done wi'.s in r(,rJ-(|uuK-e v.t 
 his own expref, dircificn. This pieciuiti'.n tli- 
 Outchman inlirtcd on, left, if the (h'p flioiikl iuv> ; 
 reach Ena-land, the blame miglit rimiiiii with hi'n. 
 
 Wliite""Captain Carteret ftaid :it this p'<;ri, hv d-.n 
 vifitcd Mr. Houtin;:;, an admiral in the Dutch lei- 
 -vicc. This gentleman wa-i remarkable lor his ))o- 
 litenefs and aft'ability, from w !iom the capt.iin r> eeived 
 great civilities. — 'l"he governor of Hataviri l;ee|'s the 
 (tatc of a fovcreign prince. \Vlicn he goes puhl'ely 
 abroad is attendeil by hoife-guards, and twi)hl;;ek fuot- 
 men run before his carriage. Iiaiiy othi r coach meets 
 the governor's, it is obliged to be drawn or. one fide, 
 and thofe who are in arc Oicii to get out, in order to 
 pay their refpcfts to him. Nor nuill any one that 
 is behind, pafs by that of his excellency, thc-ii^li 
 never fo much in haffe. The fame rules are obfcned 
 with regard to the honour Ihcwn thole of the couiir;!. 
 Only that the f.dute is given by the pcrfon wha' 
 meets him ftanding upright in his tarriiigc, inftcad of 
 getting out of it, and a member of the council has 
 only one black footman running before hi;, coach. 
 The blacks carry fticks, and threaten to ehaflife fuch 
 as do not comply with thefe arbitrary ciH'omS. 
 
 The mafter of the hotel where the Eijglifli captain 
 xlged, failed not to give his giicft notice of what 
 was cxpcifed from him n thefe particulars, but the 
 captain difdaincd to pay .uch homage to the governor 
 or council belongin;^ to the province of a npublic as 
 was not cxpeftcd by the king of Great Britain, he 
 therefore, in plain terms rcfuled to comply, and when 
 the hIAck fellows were mentioned to l;im r.s pe.fons 
 th^t were appointed to infirce compliance, he inti- 
 mated that he fhould have rccourfc to his piUols, if 
 .my infult was offered him. To prevent a contcit of 
 this nature, however, the governor thought proper to 
 fend him word that he mi^ht ac^ as he pleaTtd. 
 
 The Swallow failed from Onruft on the 5th of 
 September, the captain having recruited his crew by 
 engaging fume Englifti feanten, and the next day came 
 to an anchor oft'the llrei'j;hts of Suiida. Here he took 
 in wood i.nd w.ater, and laileil again on the 25th with 
 a favourable gale, which continued to carry him on 
 their courfe for the (pace of 700 leagues, and on the 
 23d of Nov. he anchored in Table Bay, at the Cai'c 
 of Good Hope. From hence they failed .-i!>ain on the 
 26th of January, the captain during his jlay havini' 
 received a number of civilities from the governor and 
 the gentlemen of this fcttlcmcnt. On the 20th of 
 January they came to an anchor oft' St. Helena, and 
 quitting that ifland, took their dqiartuie from thence 
 for Ensrland, on the 24th of the fame rr.onth. They 
 touched at AfcenfioR Ifland in their courfe, ancliorin" 
 on the laft day of Janu.iry, in a bay where they found 
 plenty of turtle.^ Thb veflVl failed again the (ucceed- 
 ing day. Th^' ifland is uninhabited and it has been 
 cuftomary to Ic.-ivc a letter in a bottle, containini^ an 
 account of the name and dcftination of any veflel that 
 might touch there, with which Captain Carteret com- 
 plied before he proceeded on his voyaK. 
 
 They obfcrvcd a ftiip on the iofli of Fchrunry 
 ft.indinjj towards tlicm. This vefTcl had been feen far 
 to the lcewar(^ the day before, but had outfailed the 
 Sw dlow in the night. She proved to be a French- 
 man, and tent her boat onboard, with a \oun» of- 
 licer, who had it in charge to endeavour to learn trom 
 Cajitain Carteret all the intercfting particulars of his 
 voyage, at the fame time that he took great pains to 
 difguife what related to his own. It was however af- 
 terwards difeovortd that the fhip from wiicncc he 
 had beeh fcnt, was M. Bougainville's, which, like' 
 ^y the- 
 
170 
 
 THE VOYAGE OF 
 
 the Swallow, was returning from a voyage round the 
 world, and which, as we have already noticed, had 
 followed Captain Wallis fo clofely through the 
 Strcights of JMaghell.in. The French captain had 
 learned the name of the Enelifli fhip from the letter 
 left in the bottle at Afcenhon Ifland, and took this 
 i fair nictLod of attempting to inform himfelf of 
 all that he wanted to know concerning the expedi- 
 tion. 
 
 But Captain Carteret was fo cautious and guarded 
 ill his converfation, that the French officer got no in- 
 formation of any confccjuencc to his nation from this 
 proceeding, while his own fecrct was difcovered by 
 his countrymen ; for the boat's crew that had brought 
 
 him on board, told the whole matter to one of the 
 Engliflimen who was able to convcrfe with him in hit 
 own language. 
 
 Nothing material happened to the Swallow from this 
 time, during the ivft of the voyage. Captain Car, 
 ""■"cwe in fight of the Weftern IQands on the 27111 
 of March, 1769, and holding on his courfc, came to 
 ananchoratSpitheadon the fame month, after hav- 
 ing accomplilhed her voyage round the world, for 
 which it was fcarccljr pofliblc to conceive any vcflel 
 more unfit, and having fingly combatted fuch diffi- 
 culties as even whole fquadrons have found it impof- 
 fible to furmount. 
 
 THE VOYAGE OF CAPTAIN COOK ROUND THE WORLD, 
 
 
 / 
 
 2 -V ^i 
 
 In his Majcfty's Ship the Enoeavovr 
 
 vn !<j'«j;<. 
 
 : Undertaken in the Year 1768. 
 
 •rt 
 
 
 CAPTAIN COOK failed on this voyage the 
 latter end of Aucuft, 1768, having on board 
 Mr. Banks and Dr. Solander, two gentlemen of dif- 
 tinguiflied abilities, of whom we fhall fay a few 
 words, before we proceed with our relation. 
 
 The firfl of thele gentlemen, who was pofle/Ted of a 
 cnnlidcrable fortune in Lincolnihir? , had already been 
 on a voyage to Newfoundland, and was now defirous 
 of obferving the tranfit of Venus, in the fouthern 
 hemifphcre. On this expedition he engaged his 
 friend Dr. Solander to accompany him. The Doftor 
 had been appointed to a place in the Britifb Mufeum, 
 '"iMch he filled with credit to himfelf, and in which 
 he gave univerfal fati^fafiion. He was a native of 
 Sweden, and a man of great learning and capacity, 
 an adept in natural philofophy, and had (ludied under 
 the famous Linnxus. Mr. Banks took two draughtf- 
 incn with him, the one being intended to paint fub- 
 jcftsof nntural hiftory, the other to diliiicate figuies 
 and 'nndfrapcs. He had likcwife a fccrctary and four 
 fcrvants in his retinue. 
 
 The Endeavour quitted Plymouth on the 26th of 
 Cairtain C^iok Aii!;uft, and faw land between Cape Finiilerre, and 
 laiKii ir ' Iv Capi- Ortcgal, on the cooft of Gallicia in Spain, 
 mouMi with on the 2d of September. During their courfe, thefc 
 ''"' two gentlemen faw feveral marine animals hitherto 
 unnoticed by naturalifts. One of thcfe is defcribcd 
 as a new fpecies. It is of an angular figure, near 
 three inches in length, and about one in thicknefs ; 
 it has a hollow quite through it, and a brown fnot at 
 one end. It fcemed that four of thefc animals were 
 joined together ; but when they were put into water 
 they feparated and fwam .tbout, fhining with a gem-like 
 brinhtnefs. There was alfo another animal of a beau- 
 tiful colour, fomcwhat rcferabling an opal. They 
 ohfcrved likewifefcveral birds not dcfcribedby Linnseus 
 at the diftance of about ten leagues from Caiie Finif- 
 terrc. 
 
 They difcovered the iflands of Puerto Santo and 
 Madeira, on the 1 2th, and on the 13th they came 
 tn an anchor in the road of Fonchial. In heaving 
 the anchor Mr. Weir, the raaftcr's mate, was un- 
 fortunately carried over-board and drowned. Mr. 
 Banks found here the tree called Laura Indicus, 
 the wood of which he fuppofes to be what is called 
 the .Madeira mahogany, as there is no real mahogany 
 upon the idand. 
 
 The people of Madeira appear to have no other ar- 
 ticle proper for trade than wine, which is made by 
 prcfling the juice out in ti fquare vcflel. The fize of 
 this vefll'l is proportioned to the quantity of wine, 
 and the perfons employed, taking ofF their cloaths, 
 get into it, and with their elbows and feet, prefs out 
 as much of the juice as ^hcy can ; in the fame man- 
 ni^r, the flalks bting tied together,arc alfo preflcd under 
 another fquare piece of wood by a lever, and a ftoiie to 
 7 
 
 fciiljcd. 
 
 extra£l the remainder of the juice. Wheeled car- 
 riages are not in ufe in Madeira, nor have they any 
 thin,; that refembles them, except a hollow boar«l 
 whicn is more properly a fledge, upon which theit 
 wineveflels are drawn. The foil is fo very rich, and 
 there is fuch a variety in the climate, that there is fcarce- 
 ly any article ei'.her of theneceflariesor luxuries of life, 
 which might not probably be cultivated here. On 
 the hills, walnuts, chefnuts, and apples flourifh, al- 
 moft without culture. Pine-apples, mangqes, gua- 
 nas, and bananas, grow almoft f])ontaneoufly in the 
 town. They have corn which is large-grained and 
 fine ) and it might be produced in plenty ; but for want 
 of being attended to, this is not the cafo, but all that 
 they confume here is imported from other countries. 
 Beef, mutton, and pork, are remarkably good here, 
 and the captain took fome of the former on board for 
 his ufe. Fonchial (which took its name from Fonclia, 
 fignifying fennel, in thePortuguefc language) is fttuate 
 at the bottom of a bay, and though it is extenfive in 
 proportion to the reft of the iflanu, it is but poorly 
 built, and the ftrects are narrow and badly paved. 
 The churches are full of ornaments, with pi£iure$ 
 and images of faints ; the firft are, for the moll part, 
 wretchedly executed, and the latter are drcflcd in 
 laced cloaths. I'hc tafte of the convents, efpecially 
 of the'^.ancifcans is better; neatnefs and fiinplicity 
 being united in moftof thedefignsof the latter. The 
 Infirmary alfo is a piece of good archite£iure, and one 
 of the moft confidcrablc in the place. There are many 
 high hills here, and PicoRuivo in particular, is near 
 5100 feet in height. To a certain height thefe hills 
 are covered with vines, above which are numbers of 
 chufnuts and pine-trees ; and above thefe again whole 
 forefts of various forts of trees. The Mirmulano and. 
 Paobranco which are found among them, are un- 
 known in Europe. The latter of thefe is very beau- 
 tiful, and woukl be a great ornament to our gar- 
 dens. 
 
 The inhabitants of Madeira xrc computed to amount 
 to between feventy and eighty thoufand, and the re- 
 venue that arifes from the cuftoms is between twenty 
 and thirty thoufand pounds a year. Befides wine, 
 water is to be had here in plenty; alfo onions, and a 
 great number of fruits may eafily be procured, but fur 
 the obtaining of poultry and frelh meat it is neceflary 
 to get the governor's pcrmiffion. 
 
 The velTel failed from Madeira on the 19th of Sep- 
 tember, and on the 22d they faw the iflands of Sal- 
 vages to the northward of the Canaries. The prin- 
 cipal of thefe iflands was about five leagues to the ibuth 
 half-weft. They faw the Peak of TencrilF on the 
 23d, hearing wf ft by f'luth. The height of thismoun- 
 t.iin i.i cftimated at about 15,400 feet. On the 29th 
 they faw Bona Vifta, one of the C:\pe Verd iflands, 
 in 16" north laiituJe, and 21" 48' of w«ft longitude. 
 
 In 
 
 . lllitK. 
 
CAPTAIN COOK. 
 
 '71 
 
 fei. 
 
 In their courfe from Bona Vifta to Teneriffthcy ob- 
 ferved great numbers of flying fiOi, which appeared 
 very beautiful, their fiJcs relcmbling burniOied lilvcr ; 
 umf Mr. Banks »ent out in a boat on the 7th of Oc- 
 tober, and caught what is called a Portuguefe Man of 
 War, together with feveral marine animals, which were 
 objedls of his curiofity. 
 
 They had now variable winds, with fome ihowers 
 of rain, and the air was fo damp as confiderably to da- 
 mage their utenflls. On the 2Sth of this month, Mr. 
 Banks {hot a black-toed gull, a fort of bird which 
 Linnaius has not defcribed, and whofe dung is of a 
 lively red. 
 
 On the 25th of Oftobcr they crofled the line with 
 the ufual ceremonies ; and on the 28th of the fame 
 month, when the (hip was in the latitude of Ferdi- 
 nand Noronha, and in 32° < weft long, they began 
 to look out for the ifland, and the Ihoals which are laid 
 down as fituate between it and the main ; but neither 
 the ifland nor the flioals rould be difcovered by our 
 voyagers. On the evening of the 29th they perceived 
 , . that luminous appearance of the fea mentioned by 
 
 -"S^n the "»*'g«»"' which fent forth ray. like thofe of light- 
 ning. As Mr. Banks and his friend were not 
 thoroughly fatisfied with any of the caufes which 
 have hitherto been afligned for this phcenomcnon,* 
 but rather thought it was occaficned by fome lumi- 
 nous animals, they threw out a calling net, in order 
 to try by experiment whether they were right in their 
 conjectures. A ffiecies of the Medula was taken, 
 which bore fome rel'emblance to a metalline fubftance 
 greatly heated, and emitted a whitifh light ; they 
 caught alfo fome fmall crabs which glittered very 
 much ; animals which had not before been taken notice 
 of by thecurious refearchers into the fecrets of nature. — 
 As provifions by this time began to grow fhort, they 
 rcfolvcdtoputintotheharbourof Riodc Janeiro. On 
 the 8th of November they faw the coail of Brafil, 
 ami Ipcaking with the cicw cf a Portuguefe filhing 
 boat, were informed by them, that the land which 
 thiry f.iw W.1S tothefouthofSantoEfpirito. Mr. Banks 
 buying fome fifti of thefe people was I'urprifed that 
 they required Lnglifli (hillings, and rcfufed Spanilh 
 filver. t 
 
 They made fail for Rio de Janeiro on the 13th in 
 the morning, and the hrft lieutenant was fcnt before 
 to the city to acquaint the governor thr; " c put into 
 tliat port ill order to procure gi pilot ant, proper re- 
 freshments. The pinnace returned, but the lieute- 
 nant had been detained by the viceroy, till the captain 
 flioulJ come on fliorc. When the Ihip had come to an 
 anchor, a ten-oared boat filled with foldicrs, ap- 
 proached, and rowed round her, but no converfation 
 took place. Prcfcntly afterwards another boat appeared 
 which had feveral of the viceroy's oflicers on board. 
 They enquired from whence the Endeavour cainc, and 
 what was her cargo ? They alfodcfircd to know the 
 number of men and guns (he carriejj, -.ind to what port 
 flic was bound ! All thefe quefiions bein^ puiidiually 
 and truly anfwered by the tnglifti, the otficcrs apo- 
 louized for having detained the lieutenant, and be- 
 haved ill the manner already related, pleading the cuf- 
 tom of the place in e xcufe for their conduft. 
 
 On the 14th the captain went on fhoie, and got 
 leave to furnifli himielf with provifioir;, which pcc- 
 miflion was clogged with tlic condition of employ- 
 ing an inhabitant as a faiilor. He alio found that it 
 was judged proper to fend a foldicr in the boat every 
 time (he cainc from (hore to the vcfliil. To both thele 
 circumftances Captain Cook made objeftions, but the 
 viceroy was determined to infilt on them, neither 
 would he by any means permit the gentlemen to remain 
 on (hore, nor allow Mr. Banks to go up the country 
 to colleiSl plants. The captain conceiving from thele 
 
 ■■* Some have fupporcil it to b-: cAiiftd hy fiditstUnine; attlicir 
 prev i fome liavc ccnclu.ii:.! It to arifc from llit jtutrtTaflion ol 
 uiaiiiie ariniaU ; aiul otlicvs liave attiibutc<l it to ctcdricity. 
 
 + Their \ cr.ctiaii and Toriugutlc intuprttcis toKl ihviiitlic 
 
 and other marks of jealoufy, that the viceroy thought i ;68 
 
 they were come to tr.ide, ufed all his endt:avours to *— — , ' 
 
 convince him of the contrary ; and acquiintcd him 
 that thev were bound to the fouthwaid, »o ohi'erve 
 the tranlit of Venus over the diflc of the (u.., which 
 was an objedl of great confequence to the improve- 
 ment of navigation ) but the perfon to whom he ad- 
 drefled himfelf, feemed to be entirely ignorant of this 
 phoenomenon. An officer now was appointed to at- 
 tend the captain : this he was told muft be underftood 
 as a compliment. However, when he would have 
 declined fuch a ceremony, the viceroy very politely 
 forced it upon him. 
 
 The two gentlemen were not a little dif.ippointcd ,|,|, '',"c" "' 
 and chiigrined on hearing that they muft not be per- 
 mitted to rcfide on (hore, and ftill morefo when they 
 underftood that they were not even to be allowed fo 
 much as to quit the velfel. For the viceroy had or- 
 dered that none but the captain and fuch failors as 
 were required by their duty, (hould come on (hore. 
 Whether this arofe from his jealoufy in rcjrard to trade, 
 or from the apprehcnfions he entertained of the extra- 
 ordinary abilities of gentlemen fent on voyages of dif- 
 covery, it is certain that they were highly difagreeable 
 to the perfons prohibited, who were rciolvcd, if pofliblc, 
 to evade the order. They attempted to come on (hore, 
 but were ftopped by the guard-boat ; yet feveral of 
 the crew, without the knowledge of the centinel, let 
 themfelves down by a rope from the cabin window 
 into the boat, about midnight, and drove away with 
 the tide, till they were out of hearing. They after- 
 wards rowed to an unfrequented part of the country, 
 where they landed, and from thence went up the 
 country. 
 
 The captain failed not to remonftratc to the vice- 
 roy on the unreafonablenefs of thefe reftriiStions, but 
 the latter gave him for anfwer, that thefe were his 
 maftcr's orders, and mult be obeyed. Thus repulfed. 
 Captain Cook, much difpleafcd at this condu<5l, re- 
 folved to go no more on (hore, rather than whcn-evcr 
 hedid fo, to be treated as aprifoncr inhisown boat, the 
 oflicer who was fo polite as to accompany him, con- 
 (tantly attending him both to and from the (tiorc. A 
 refolution was now taken to dr.iw up two memorials, 
 to be prelented to the viceroy, one written by the 
 captain, and the other by Mr. Banks ; but the an- 
 fwers fent to thefe were by no means fuch as gave 
 fatisfaftion. In efFeft, fevtial papers paflcd between 
 them and the viceroy, to no good purpofe, the pro- 
 hibitions ftill'remaining as before. This caufed the 
 captain to judge it necclTary in order to vindicate his 
 own compliance, to urge the viceroy to fome att of 
 force in the execution of his orders. For this pur- 
 pofe he fent Lieutenant Hicks with a packet, giving 
 him orders not to admit of a guard in his boat. As 
 this gentleman was refolved to obey his captain's com- 
 mand, the officer of the guard-boat did not oppofe him 
 by force, but accompanying him to the viceroy, ac- 
 quainted him with what had happened, on which the 
 lieutenant was fent away with the packet unopened. 
 When he returned, he found a guard of foldiers had 
 been placed in his boat, which he infilled on their 
 quitting. The olficer then feized the bo.it's crew, 
 and conducted them under an efcort to prifon. The 
 lieutenant being fent back to the (hip, guarded. As 
 foon as the captain was informed of the tranfa£lion, 
 he wrote to the viceroy '.'" demand his boat and her 
 crew, inclofing the memorial which Mr. Hicks had 
 brought back with him. He fent thefe papers by a 
 petty olHcer, to avoid continuing the difpute con- 
 cerning ' guard, which muft have been kept up by a 
 commiflioncd officer. 
 
 An anfwer was now proinifcd by the viceroy, but 
 before this could well arrive, the long-boat, which 
 
 had 
 
 cicwof the i'!"'ni; vcfiil afTcitcii, that they had not fccn a fliip for 
 eight v"is ; . .1 as thefe men f[ioke the Enirlilli language very 
 itiipi:rlc.M\, 1:\ itifiural lo conclude dial lucre mult have L«a 
 loiiii; niilUki; in the iateip'^ctauon. 
 
171 
 
 I 
 
 THE V O Y A G t (3 F 
 
 ■68 
 
 ■*•- 
 
 Kiu J< 
 
 JlCllU. 
 
 J- 
 
 had four pipes of rum on board (the rope breaking 
 tli.it was thrown from the ihip) wus driven to wind- 
 ward of her, together with a. fniull fkilF which was 
 fuHeiicd to her ; while the pinnace was (till de- 
 tained on lliore. Immediate oiders were given for 
 manning the yawl, which being dil'palcTied ac- 
 cordinglv with proper dirct^tions, returned, and 
 brought the people on board the next morning. 
 Captain Cooic learned from them that the long-btut 
 having tilled with water, tlicy had brought her to a 
 grappling, and quitted her, and falling in with a reef 
 €>( rocks on their r'.-tui >i, they were forced to cut the 
 falleiiiiig of Mr. Banks's little boat, and fend her 
 adrift. The captain now thought it would be proper 
 to fend again to the viceroy ; and accordingly liedif- 
 patched another Utter to his excellency, wherein he 
 informed him of the accid4.-nt, deftrcd he would affitt 
 him with . boat to recover his own, and at the fame 
 lime, renewed his demand of \\w delivery of the pin- 
 nace, and her crew. The viceroy at length complied 
 with the demand, and granted the requell . but in 
 his anfwer to the captain's renionftrance, I'uggcfted 
 fonie doubts that he entertained, whether the Endea- 
 vour was really a king's fhip, acculing thudenv of 
 finuggling. * 
 
 Captain Cook in his reply laid, that .'io\.'i;h the 
 viceroy h.id ulrcidy fccn his commiiric. , h: wis 
 willing to fhew itj adding, if my attei ut ihouM 
 be made to carry on a contrabaml 'rade, hv reqii .lied 
 his excellency would order the otii'.'nder iv, ■ t,.k('ii 
 into culbxiy. 
 
 The difpute was thus terminated j b:it M.'. I' '^< '", 
 thirll of natural knowledge led bm to it 'j.T.pt ;lu' .,i 
 the vigilance of the guar.!, wh. h nc ''.'U j.n:, t > 
 
 do, and got fafe on inore on the 26th i. . ....; niorrin";. 
 
 He took care to avoid the town ^nd ;ij<ild the ■'.;;/ 
 in the fields, where be could beft { rati!/ 'ils cjiioiity. 
 He found the cotintry people ifieliiKil ;o i.'cat h. ■ 
 with civility, and was invited to tli 'r habitr'.ions. 
 But as it was afterwards heard thn Can h had been 
 making for him while he was abfent, he and Di. So- 
 biider relblved to run no more rlliiues in going on 
 ihore, while they remained at this pl.ice. 
 
 Having taken in water and provHlioiis, they g* t a 
 pilot on board on the ftrft of l^ecember, when a co 1- 
 trary wind prevented them frum putting to ka. \ 
 Spanifli packet from Buenos Ayres, bound for Spain, 
 arriviii'^ the next day, tlie captain of her was fo po- 
 lite as to offer his fjrvice toc.Miv Mr. Cook's dif- 
 patchcs to Europe, who accordn.itly fcnt by him all 
 the pa]>ers which li.ij pallid between him and the vice- 
 roy, leaving the uuplicatei of llieni with his excel- 
 lency. 
 
 It was not till the 7th that the (Endeavour got under 
 way, when having palLd the tort, tlie guard-boat left 
 them, and the pilot was dill harged. It was obferved 
 that during the three lalt months of their itay in this 
 place, the air was tilled with a certain Ipccies of but- 
 torflies. Of the town and luighbouring country we 
 have the follow ing defcripticin. 
 
 Rio dc Janeiro is fuppoled to have been called fo 
 Itecaufe it was difcovered oji the fcllival of St. Janu- 
 nrius. The town, which is the capital of the domi- 
 nions of the Po:tugiiefe, ia America, borrows iis 
 name from thiscircumllance. 
 
 It is lituated on the wetf fide of the river, from 
 which it extends itfelf about tiireequ.irters of a mile. 
 'Vh: ground whereon it Hands is a level plain ; it is 
 defended on the north tide by a hill that extends from 
 the river, having a fmall plain, which contains the 
 fuburbs and king's dock. On the t'outh tide is ano- 
 ther hill running towards the mountains which are 
 behind the town. Some of its Itreets run parallel 
 from north to (butli, and uro inteilciled by others at 
 ri'ht angles. The principal .'treet is near lOO feet in 
 widtl;, and extends from St. iienediil to the loot o( 
 
 Callle-liill. The other ftrecu itr c.7nilt)fn!y tyrarfj 
 or thirty feet wide. I'he Iiouks Adjoining to tin* 
 principal (trett ui« throe Hones high, but 111 other 
 places they are ycry irregular, though built after t!ie 
 fame manner a> at Lilboii, Jn the iovmi aie lourcon- 
 vents ) t*o Mt is that of the Ikiiedictine*, livnatid 
 near it^ northern extremity : t4xe (iruduie affords an 
 agreeable prolpuit, and contains an el, gaiit chapel, 
 .which isuiiijinentcd viih feveral valuable paintings, 
 'I'he lecund is tiiat of the Carmelite«, which forms 
 the centre angle of thu royal fquaie, and Ironts the 
 harbour ) its church had fallen fome time before, bat 
 it was rebuilding in a very el ;j..iit .naiiiiLr, with liiM 
 freollone brought thither from Lilbui;, I'he third it 
 that of St. Anthony, fituated on the point of a hill, 
 on the fuulh fide of the town ; before this convent 
 Hands a lars^e bafon of brown granite, in the form of 
 a parallelogram, which is employul in waihing. Tha 
 fourth is fituated at theeall'.-rn extremity of the town, 
 and was formerly the Jefuit's convent, but is now 
 converted into a military hol'pital. 
 
 The viceroy'^s p hce forms the rh;ht angle of fh« 
 royal fquare : ;hi ,->-lacc, mint, llables, goal, tic, 
 compote but one large buikling, which has two llories, 
 and is 90 feet fron. the water. In palfing through the 
 pilace, the firit entrance is to a large hall orguard- 
 .oom, to which there is an afcent of three or four 
 fte;)'.- Ill the guard-roam arc (fatioiicd the body of 
 gua ro., wli<! attend the viceroy, and are relieved 
 ev.y inorniiig between eight and nine: Adjoining lu 
 ti>L- hall are the Unbles, the prifon beinir in the back 
 part of the building. Witliin the guard-room is a 
 ilighi • I ilairs lor afcending to the upper ftory ; this 
 di' <!. .. at a landing-place about h.df v.av, and form* 
 ■■' o branches, one leailing to the right, and the other 
 jiothelrft. The former leads ton falooii, where there 
 ja-'; tro officeis in conftant attendance- the viceroy's 
 I aid-'.'ii-camp at the tame time waiting in an anti- 
 j ; ami ?i- 'oriceivc me(la;j,e5 and deliver orders. 
 I I If. .at uiiig of the loyal fquarc is nn irrerjiihr 
 iiuilding, which coiifilh cliiifly ol (liops occupird by 
 trading people In the centre of tbe fijuare is a foun- 
 tain I'upplied witli water from a fprin:^ at the diftance 
 of three niile>, lioin which it isbiou"ht by an aqiic— 
 diift. Kioni this fountain both the lliippiiig and in- 
 habitants ,ire ;'u;)plied with water, the place being 
 eontiiuially crowded with negros of both lixes wait- 
 ing to (ill their jars. At the comer of everv iirect is 
 an altar. The niaiket-pLice extiiids from tiie north- 
 eaft end of the kjuare along the fliore ; and tl-.is fitu- 
 ation is very cuiucnient fur the lilliiny-boats, and 
 thofe who briiii; lenitablts from the (uher tide of the 
 river to market. Negros are almolt: the only people 
 employed in tilling the different commodities ex|Hile«l 
 in the market, and they employ their leilure '.imc in 
 fpinning cotton. 
 
 Without the Jefuit's college on the ftjore, is a vil- 
 lage called "^ueftra Seienora del 'Gloria, which i« 
 joined to th •■11 by a very few intervening '. nfes. 
 Three or to .1 hu.'ulred yard?, within the f.l'uit's 
 convent, thuds a very high cattle, i at it is falling to 
 decay. The hithop's palace is ; .»t jCO yards behind 
 the cenedicline co.ivent, and contiguous to it i-. a 
 magaiine of arm.i, furrounded \ a rampart. 
 
 'I'he gentry keep thiir chaile' vhich a . hawnbjf 
 mules; the ladies iiowever ule. i .Ian cbair, boardeJ 
 before and behind, with cur iis on each liJi\ 
 which is earned by two iiegi - on a po)'.- con- 
 nected to the top of the chair v iwo rods ix>minj' 
 Irom under it:, bottom, one 1 11 eaciv tide, and iciling to 
 the top. The iiilLikuaiits Im-ewile iite hammocks or 
 taJAS, fupporlod in like niaiiner, a I 1 irouiided with 
 curtains. The apotliee.iries lliops in .his town com- 
 monly ferve the piirpolc of cofFee-houlCs, ce. the peo- 
 ple meet in thi.ni to diiiik ca^ill.iirc, am' pl.iy at 
 back-gammon. W hen tlie gentry are bxa abroad thcjr 
 
 ^ It fi-eiu^ lli^c Mr. UaMli&'h t'crvjutw luU ^>>c on Itliir^ i)^ 
 lliauj;i;iii, ui> ilu. >>d, carl) in die uiucoing, tnd iciiuincd lilt 
 
 nikilitt li-jt thtv hii.l binuf lit on lH..ir(i n«ltttU|^ ,jut ptmtk Md 
 
 •la'eds tu Liari/v tiicii uiallci\ cuiiotnv- 
 1 fc . 
 
 ?v-." 
 
 m 
 
CAPTAIN COOOK. 
 
 •73 
 
 are wcll-drcfled, though at home they are but loofely 
 covered. 'I'he Oiop-kci-pcrs have generally fliort hair, 
 and wear linen jackets with fleevts, 
 
 «• The women here, as in mod of the Portugucfc 
 and Spanifli fctrl mci.ts in South America, are more 
 prompt to grant i"iiorous favours than thofe of any 
 other civilifed parts of the world. As foon as the 
 evening began, females appeared at the windows on 
 every hde, who diftinguilhcd fuch of the men as bed 
 plealcd their fancies by giving them nofegays, and the 
 doAor and two other gentlemen, received lb many 
 of them, that they threw away thefe love-tokens by 
 hindfuls. 
 
 " As to the climate of Rio de J; .iro, it is healthy 
 and agreeable, and free from mo*, 'if thofe inconve- 
 niences incident to tropical countries. The air is 
 feldom found immoderately hot, as the fea-breezc 
 conltantly begins to blow about ten o'clock in the 
 morning, and continues till night, when it is gene- 
 rally fucceeded by a land wind ; though that does not 
 always happen. The fcafons are divided into dry 
 and rainy, though their commencement of late has 
 been irregular and uncertain. It appeared that the 
 rainy fcalons had almoft failed for four years preceding 
 Captain Cook's arrival in thofe parts i but at this 
 time the rain hadjuft began, and it fell in large quan- 
 tities during their ftay : formerly the ftreets have 
 been overflowed by the rain, and rendered impaflablc 
 with canoes. 
 
 " The atljaccnt country is mountainous, and chiefly 
 covered witii wood, but a fmall part of it appearing 
 to be cultivated. 'I'he foil near the town is loole and 
 f;indy ; but farther from the river it is a fine black 
 mnuld. It produces all the tropical fruits, fuch as 
 oranges, lemons, limes, melons, mangoes, cocoa-nuts, 
 &c. in great abundance, and without much cultiva- 
 tion, a circumllancc which is agreeable to the in- 
 habitants, who are very indolent. 
 
 " The mines, wliich lie far up in the country, are 
 very rich ; but their fituatinn is concealed, and nobody 
 can view them, except thofe v\ho work in them. Ilie 
 experiment is very dangerous", for every one found 
 upon the road wliich leads to tliem, is hung upon the 
 next tree, uiilifs he can give a fatislactory account of 
 the caufe of his being '••\ that fituation. About twelve 
 months before their i.irival, the government had de- 
 tctled fcveral jewellers in carrying on an illicit tr.ide 
 for diamonds, with the Haves in.the mines •, and im- 
 mediately afterwards a law pafled, making it felony 
 to work at t trade, or h;i>- any tools fit for it in pol- 
 fcflion, the civil olhccis i i .ng indifcriminately feized 
 on ?11 that could >• found. Near 40,000 negros are 
 arnually importto co dig 'i: ■• ik mines : tlicfe works 
 are fo pernicious to the numpa frame, and occufion 
 fo grc?' a mortality at. ont.'t the poor wretches cm- 
 ployed in them, that, in the year IT 1 , 20,coo more 
 were draughted from the town of Rio dc j[aneiro to 
 fupply the deficiency ot •!.. former number. There 
 are fi;veral courts of Jii.hce in the town, at all of 
 which the viceroy prcfiJcs. In criminal taufcs the 
 fentence is regulated by the mMority of voices in the 
 fupreme court. The vicer ; 1; .-> a counci' appointed 
 from Kurope by the king, to ulfid him in a.s private 
 department, where lie has two voices. 
 
 " The inhabitants of Rio de Janeiro maintain a 
 whale-fifhery, which fupplies then with lamp-oil. 
 They import brandy in.'.a the Azores, nnd their (laves 
 and taft India goods truiii their fettlcments in Africa, 
 their wine from Madeira "nd their European goods 
 from Lift- .n. The current ; >in is Portugi;efr, 
 which is hiuck here : She filvc. pieces arc called Pe- 
 t;icksof different value; and the copper arc five ani? 
 ten rcc pieces. 
 
 " Rio de Jar.rrr . i^ very ufeful for (hips that are in 
 want of refrefliPi (1 j the harbour is fafe and com- 
 n- .dii!.\«, a-i.' may be diftinguiflied by a remarkable 
 1 ill, '11 the ;l..ipc of a cone, at the weft point of the 
 hj). The entrance is not wide, but it is cafv, from 
 the fea-brery.e which prevails from noon to (iin-fet, 
 for :iny (hip r > eiitoi btfore the wind. The entrance of 
 /o).. I. N" 16. 
 
 the narrow part is dcfendeft by two forts. La Criir, 1769 
 
 and Lozia, ; they arc about three quarters of a mile *■ • v ' 
 
 from each other. The bottom being rocky, renders 
 
 it dangerous to anchor there, but there is a way to 
 
 avoid that danger, which is to keep in the mid-channel. 
 
 The coaft abounds with a variety of fifh, among 
 
 which are dolphins and mackarel." 
 
 An amazing number of atoms were taken out of the F.xtr.innlinsry 
 fea on thegth of December. Thefe were of a yellow- [ubiLiicc. 
 iOt colour, and few of thtm were more than the 5tli [|^'^'"' '" "'•! 
 part of an inch long 1 nor could the bcft microfcope 
 on board the Endeavour difcover whether they be- 
 longed to the animal or vegetable creation. The fca 
 was tinged in fuch a manner with thefe equivocal fub- 
 (lances, as to exhibit broad ftrcaks of a fimilar co- 
 lour, for near the fpace of a mile in length, and for 
 feveral hundred yards in breadth. — Perhaps thel'e might 
 be the fpawn of fome marine animal, unknown ci- 
 ther to ancient or modern philofnphers. 
 
 Having procured idl necefTary fupplies. Captain 
 Cook left Rio de Janeiro on Thurfday, the 8th of 
 December, and met with nothing worth relating till 
 the 22d of the fame month, when numbers of birds 
 of the prtfitlaria genui were difcoveJ in 39" 37' of 
 fouth latitude, and in longitude 49° 16' weir, a num- 
 ber of porpoifes of a fingular fpccies alfo furrounded 
 them I thefe were of an afh-colour, and about 15 
 feet long. 
 
 On the 23d, an eclipfeof the moon was obfervcd ^ 
 and a fmall white cloud appeared about feven o'clock 
 in the weft, from v' ich ifTued a train of fire, ex- 
 tending itfelf wefteny ; in two minutes time, they 
 heard two dillindl loud explofions like thofe of a ca- 
 non, immediately fucceeding each otlicrj and the cloud 
 difappeared foon afterwards. 
 
 They caught a large tortoifc called a logger-head, 
 on the 24th, and likewile (hot feveral birds, among 
 which was one of thofe called i\\q Jlbttroji, nicafuring 
 between the tips of its wings nine feet and an inch, 
 and two feet one inch and a half from the beak to the 
 tail. They ran upwards of fifty leagues on the 30th 
 through great numbers of land iiiled^s, fome in the air, 
 and fome upon the water, which appeared ex.iiftly to 
 refemblc our flies in England. This w.is the more 
 remarkable as our voyagers accounted thcmlcives to be 
 30 leagues from land. 
 
 Captain Cook now fuppofcd himfelf to be nearly 
 oppofite the bay called Sans Fond [or bottomlil'sj 
 where fome have coiijedlured there is a palTage that 
 divides America ; but the gentlemen on board rather 
 thought it might be a large river which had caul'cd an 
 inundation. They had much thunder and lightning 
 and rain on the ^ft, and the three following days. 
 They now faw (bme birds, about the fize of our pi- 
 geon, with white bellies and grey breails. They had 
 alio figh" of feveral whales. 
 
 On the 4th of January they perceived the appijar- 
 nnce of land, which they millook for Pepys Kland; 
 but (landing towards it, it proved one of thofe decep- 
 tions whick we have alrc.idy noticed. At this time 
 the I'ailori were fV./niflied with fear-nought jackett, 
 as is cuilo"!..! • in thefecold climates. Having palled 
 Falkland's Iflands at about thcdiitanccof four leagues, 
 they faw Terra del Fuego. Perceiving a fmokc they 
 took it for a fignal, as it did not continue after they 
 hadpafTed along the ihore to the fouth-eaft. 
 
 They entered the (freights of Le Maire on the 
 14th, but were afterwards driven out again with fuch 
 violence, (the tide being againft them) that thelhip's 
 bow-fprit was frequently under water. 
 
 J*', length however they got anchorage in a little „, ^ 
 cce, which was called St. Vincent's Bay, where ],^. '"*'"' 
 the weeds, that were obfcrved upon rocky ground were 
 very remarkable. They appeared above the furface of 
 the water, where it is erght or nine fathoms in 
 depth. Their leaves v/tf. four feet long, and many 
 of the (talks of the Iciji . of an hundred feet, tho' 
 their circumference was not above an inch and an 
 half. Mr. Banks and the Doc>or went on (horo, md 
 returned with upwards of an hundred diftercnt plants 
 Z z »ttd 
 
'7* 
 
 THE VOYAGE OF 
 
 Strang! In- 
 dians. 
 
 Mr. Banks 
 an Or. Sob 
 del ^0 u|> Li 
 couairy . 
 
 ami flowers, »f which none of the European botanifts 
 hid taken any notice near this bay. The country in 
 general was flat, and the bottom, in particular, was 
 a giafly plain. Here was plenty of wood, water, and 
 fnwl, and winter bark w.rs found in great plenty. 
 The trees appealed to be a fpccics of the birch, but nei- 
 ther large nor lofty. The wood was white and they 
 bore a Imall leaf. White and red cranberries were 
 found in thefc parts. 
 
 They came to an anchor on Sunday, the i8th in 
 twelve fathom water, upon coral rocks, bvfire a fniall 
 cove, at the diftancc of about a mile from the (bore. 
 At this time two of the natives came down upon th-: 
 beach, as if they cxpedtcd that the ftrangers would 
 land ; but as there was no (hclter here, the (hip was 
 got under fail again, and the Indians retired difap- 
 pointed. 
 
 The fame afternoon about two o'clock, they came 
 into the hay of Good Succefs, and the veiTcl coming 
 to an anchor, the captain went on fliorc, accompanied 
 by Mr. Banks and Ur. Solnnder, in order to li-arch 
 for a watering place, and difcourfc with the Indians. 
 Thefe gentlemen had not proceeded above loo yards 
 before the captain, when two of the Indians that 
 had fcatcd thcmfelves, rofe up, and threw away the 
 fmall (licks which they held in their hands, as a token 
 of amity. They afterwards returned to their com- 
 panions, who had remained at fnmcdiftance behind them 
 and made figns to their gucfts to advance, whom they 
 received in a friendly tho' uncouth manner. In return 
 for their civility, fome ribbands and bends were di- 
 ftributcd among them. Thus a fort of mutual con- 
 fidence was efl.iblilhcd, and the reft of the Englifh 
 joined the party, the Indians convcrfing with them 
 in their way, in an amicable manner. Captain Cook 
 and his friends took three of them to the (hip, dreflcd 
 them in jackets, and gave them bread and other pro- 
 vlfions, part of which tliey carried on (hore with them ; 
 but tluy refufcd to drink rum or brandy, making 
 figns that it burned their throats, as their proper drink 
 was water. 
 
 " One of thefe people {(ays our author) made fe- 
 vcral Icng and loud fpecches, but no part of them was 
 inteili,!;iblo to any of us. Another ftole the covering 
 of a globe, which he concealed under his gar-ncnt that 
 was made of (Itin. After having remained on board 
 aboui two hours, they returned on (hare, Mr. Banks 
 accnmpanyin;^ them. He conduiled them to their 
 companions, who Teemed no way curious to know 
 what thuir friends had fecn, and the latter were as 
 little dilpuftd lo relate as tiie former were to enquire. 
 Nonecl thefe piople exceeded five feet ten inches in 
 heii^ht, but their bodies appeared Jarije iuid robufV, 
 Ihounh their limbs were fniull. They had broad, flat 
 %:i.», high chocks, nofes inclining to flatncls, wide 
 noftnls, fni.il! Slack eyes, laige mouths, fmall, but 
 iodiffcftnt terth, ajid ftrai;;ht black hair, falling down 
 ever their cars and foreheads, the latter being gene- 
 rally inicaied with brown and red paints, and like all 
 the original n.itives of America, they were beaidlefs. 
 Their ^armtntb were the Ikins of feals and lanicoes, 
 which they wrapped round their (houldcrs. f"ho meu 
 likewife w.ire on their lieads a bunch of varn, which 
 fell over their foiehead», and was tied behnu with 
 the linews or tendons of fome animals. Vl.iny oi 
 both fcxei we:c painted on different paits uf their 
 boiiies with reil, \\liitr, and brown colours, and had 
 alfo three or four perpendicular lines prickid aciofs 
 tlieir checks, and nofes. The wimicn had a fmall 
 firing tied round each a.icle, and e-ach wore a flap of 
 (kin laftencd round iheniidille. 'J'lieycarricd their chil- 
 dren upon their backs, and were generally employed 
 in domL'ftie 1,-ibour and drudgery. 
 
 " Mi. Banks and Dr. Solandcr, attended by iHeir 
 r.i vaiit^, fet out lioin the (hip on the i6th, with » ii - 
 " fi. n of going into the country ».-, far as thoy could 
 it),it Jay, and returning ill. the evcnin;;. Havinacn- 
 lend a wood, ih' y afctnded a hill through a pat'ilefs 
 wild( rncfs till the afternooij. Alter thiy had reached 
 what .lie/ to<»k fpr a pUin, they were jjrcatlv difap- 
 .... 7 
 
 pointed to find it a fwamp, covered with birch, the 
 nufhcs interwoven and lo inflexible that they could 
 not be dividcti : however, a( they were not above three 
 feet high, they (lepped over them, but were up to the 
 ancles in boggy ground. The morniii); had beeii 
 very fine, but now the weather became cold and dif- 
 agrceablei the bladsof wind were very piercing, ami 
 the fnow fell thick ; neverthcleft they purfued their 
 route in hope of finding a better mad. Before thry 
 had got over this fwamp, an accident happened that 
 reativ difconcerted them : Mr. Buchan, one of the 
 raughtfmen, whom Mr. Baokt had taken with him, 
 fell into a (it. It was abfolutely ncccflary to ilop and 
 kindle a (ire, and fuch as were moft-fstiKucd rtfmoinrd 
 to affift hiin>{ but Mr. Banks, Dr. bolandcr, and 
 Mr. Monkhoufe proceeded, and attaiiwd the fpot 
 they had in view, where they found a great va- 
 riety of plants that iirati(ied tneir curiofity, and re- 
 paid their toil. On returning to the company 
 amidft the fnow which now fell in greater abundance, 
 they found Mr. Buchan much recovered. They had 
 prcvioufly fent Mr. Monkhonti and Mr. Green back 
 to him and thole that remained with him, in order 
 to bring them to a hill which was conjediurcd to lia . 
 in a better track for returning to the wood, and which 
 was accordingly (ixcd on as a place of rtndeavou;. 
 They refolved from this hill to pals through the fwamp, Tlu;ii JiOitl- 
 which this way did not appear to be more than hal(^°" 
 a mile in extent, into the covert of the wood, in which 
 they propofed building a hut, and kindling a (ire, to 
 defend thcmfelves from the fcverity of the weather. 
 Accordingly, the whole partv met at the place ap- 
 pointed, about eight in tlte evening, whilft it was ftili 
 day-light, and proceeded towards the next valley. 
 
 " Dr. Sohnder, having often pafled over moun- 
 tains in cold countries, was fenfible, that extreme cold 
 when joined with fatigue, occafions a drowfinefs that 
 is notcafily rrlirted ; he therefore intrcated his friends to 
 keep in mot ion, however difagrccable it might be to thehi. 
 His words were — Whoever fits down will deep, and 
 whoever fleeps will wake no more. — Every one ieemed 
 accordingly armed with refolution ; but, on a fuddcn, 
 the cold became fo very intenfe as to threaten the mnfl 
 dreadful cttcdls. It was now very remarkable, that 
 the Doflor himfelf, who had fo forcibly adnionifheJ 
 and alarmed his partv, was the firft that infiftcd to be 
 fuficred to lepnle. In fjutc of the moll earned intrca- 
 ties of his friends, he lay down amiilft the fnow, and 
 it was with difficulty thjt they kept him .iwake. One 
 of the black (crvants alfo became weak and faint, and 
 was on the point of following this b.nd example. 
 Mr, Buchan was therefore detached with a party to 
 make a fire at the iirft commodious fpot they could 
 find. Mr. Banks and four more remained with the 
 doilor and Richmond the black, who with the utmod 
 difficulty were perluadcd to come on ; .ind when they 
 had traverl'ed the greateft part of the fwamp, they 
 cxprelTed their inability of going any farther. When 
 the black was told that if he remained there he would 
 (oon be frozen to death, his reply was. That he was 
 lo much exhaullcd with fatigue, that death would be 
 a relief to him. Dotlor Solandcr faid he was not un- 
 willing to go, but that he muft fird take fome 
 deep, (lill porlllHng in ailing contrary to the opinion 
 winch he himl'elf had delivered to the company. Ihiis 
 refolved,thcy boili fat down.ftipporfcd by fomebufhes, 
 and inafhorttime fell alleep. Intelligence now came 
 from the advanced partv, that a fire was kindled about 
 a quarter of a mile farther on the way. Mr. Banks 
 then awakened the do(5tor who had already almoll loft 
 the u(i: of his limbs, though it w .s but a few, minui.cs 
 fincc he fat down i nevcrthrlefs, he confentcd to go 
 on, luit every nicafurc taken to relieve the black proved 
 inell'citual. He remained motionlcfs, and they were 
 obliged to leave him to the care of a failor, anJ the 
 other black lervant, who appeared to be the Icpft 
 hurt by the cold, and they were to be reliiMcl as foon 
 as two others were fufficiently warmed, ii fill their 
 places, '("he dodtoi, wiih much diffici:'l\-, was got to 
 the iitc ; am' at tu lliolc who were lint to relieve the 
 
 com- 
 
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CAPTAIN COOK 
 
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 cnmpanlont of Richmond they returned without hav- 
 injj been able to find them. Vviut rendered the mor- 
 lihcation flill greater was that a bnttle of rum (the 
 whole (iock ot the party) could nut be found, and 
 was judged to have been left with one of the three 
 that were milling. 
 
 " There was now a fall of fiiow which continued 
 for near two liours, and there remained no hopes of 
 feeing the three abfent perfons again. At twelve 
 o'cluck, however, a great fhoutinc was heard at a 
 dillance, which nive incxpreflible latisfiition to every 
 one prefcMt. Mr. Uanks and four others now went 
 forward and met the failor, who had juft ftrcngth 
 enough left to walk. He was immediately fent to the 
 fire, and they proceeded to feck for the other two. 
 I'hey found Richmond upon his legs, but incapable 
 of moving them ; the other black was lying fenlelefs 
 upon the ground. All endeavours to bring them to 
 the fire was fruitlcfs ; nor was it poiTiblc to kindle 
 one upon tlie'fpot, on account of the fnow that had 
 fallen, and was falling i fo that there remained no 
 alternative, and they were compelled to leave the two 
 unfortunate ncgros to their fate, after they had made 
 them a bed of the boughs of fomc trees, and covered 
 them over thick with the fame. As all hands had been 
 employed in endeavouring to move thcfe poor blacks 
 to the lire, and had been expofed to the cold for near 
 an hour and an half in the attempt, fome of them be- 
 gan to be a/Hiv,Vd in the fame manner as thofc whom 
 they were to rdievc. Brifcoe, another fervant of 
 Mr. Banks, in particular, began to lofe his fenfi- 
 bility. At lad they reached the fire, and pafTcd the 
 night in a very difagrecable manner, 
 
 " The party that fet out from the fliip had confifled 
 of twelve i two of thefe were already judged to 
 be dead, it was doubtful whether the third would be 
 able to return on board, and Mr. Buchan, a fourth, 
 feemed to be threatened with a return of his- fits. The 
 ihip they m I oned to be at the diftance of a long day's 
 journey, through an unfrequented wood, in which 
 they might probably be bewildered till night, and 
 having b en equipped only fora journey of few hours, 
 •hey had not a lutHciency of provifions left to afford 
 the coil ;iany a finglc meal. 
 
 " On th'! i^iii .It day-break nothing prcfentcd it 
 frlf to the V ew all around but fnow, which covered 
 alike the trees and the ground ; and the blafts of wind 
 were lo frequent and violent, that their journey feemed 
 to be rendered imprailicahic, and tt.ey h.id reafon to 
 dread periflting with cold and famine. However, 
 about fix in the morniuj', they were flattered with 
 a diiwn of hope of being delivered, by difcovering the 
 tun tlirough the clouds, which gradually diminiflted. 
 Before their fetting out, melTtngers were difpatchcd 
 to the unhappy ncgros ; but thele returned with the 
 melancholy news of their d ath. Though the (ky 
 liad fl itterci! the hopes of the furvivors, the fnow con- 
 tinued fallini; very fall, a circumftancc which im- 
 )>eded their journey, hut a breeze fpiiiiging up about 
 eight o'clock, addtd to tlic influence of the fun, he- 
 pan to clear the air, and the fnow falling in large 
 flakes from the trees, gave tokens of a thaw. Hun- 
 ger prevailing over every other confidcration, induced 
 ourtravcUers to dividethc fmall rcmainderof tlieir pro 
 vifione, and to fet forward on their journey about ten 
 in the morniiisr. lo their great alioniihmcnt and 
 fatisfaflion, in about three hours they found th^n 
 fclvcs on the (liore, and much nearer to the (hip than 
 t1ii:ir moll faii:;uin:; expectations could have fuggeftcd. 
 When th.'v 1 oked back upon their former route from 
 the fen, they f.iiinl lh.it iulieaJ of afccndinu; the hill 
 in a diretf l;u; , i:i-y hid m.ide a circle almoft round 
 the countrv. l.h\ their return, thefe wanderers re- 
 ceived iiieli congratulations from tliofe on board as 
 can nic eafily Ik- ini.ijjinrj tlian exprelFed." 
 
 Mr. Haul:- an ! Dr. ijolander went on fliorc again 
 
 in the j'llh < ( iliis nionlh, landing in the bottom of 
 111- b;'v, wh re they eolliifled a number of fliclls 
 and jiianti, hiihertu unknown. After having re- 
 
 turned to dinner, they went to vifit an Indian town, 
 about two milcs'up the country, theaccefs tn \vliich, 
 on account of the niud, was difficult. When they 
 approached the town, two of the natives came out to 
 meet them, who began to fliuut in their ufual manner. 
 They afterwards conduiSted Mr. Banks and the Doe- 
 tor to their town. It was fituate on a fmall hill, 
 over-fhaded with wood, and conlillcd of about a dozen 
 huts, conftrudted without art or regularity. They 
 were compol'ed of a few poles inclining to each other 
 in the (hape of a fugar-loaf, which were covered on 
 the weather fide with grafs and boughs, and on the 
 other fide a fpace was left open, which fervcd at once 
 tor a fire-place and a door. They were of the famo 
 nature of the hutii that had been leen at St. Vincent's 
 Bay. A little grafs ferved for beds and chairs, and 
 their utenfils were a bafkct for the hand, a fatchel 
 to hang -iiion the back, and a bladder for water, out 
 of whicji they drank through a hole near the top. 
 This town was inhabited by a tribe of about 50 men, 
 women, and children. Their bows and arrows were 
 conftruiled with neatnefs and ingenu'ty, being made 
 ofwooil highly polifhcd, and the point which was 
 either glafs or flint, very Ikilfully fitted. Thefe lat- 
 ter fubltanccs wercobferved among them unwrought, 
 as alfo cloth, rings, buttons, &c. from whenc' it 
 was concluded that they fometimcs travelled to the 
 northward, as no fliip, for years paft, had touched at 
 this part of Terra del Fucgo, The natives here did not 
 (hew any furprife at the fight of fire arms, but appeared 
 to be well acquainted with their ufe. It is likely that 
 the fpot on which the Doitor and Mr. Hanks met 
 them, was not a fixed habitation, as their houfes did 
 not feem as if they were ercded to ftand for any long 
 time, and they had no boats or canoes .imong them. 
 They did not appear to have any form of government 
 or any ideas of i'ubordination. I'hey feemed to be the 
 very out-cafts of men ; and a people that pafied their 
 lives in wandering in a forlorn manner over dreary 
 waftes i their dwelling being a thatched hovel, 
 and their cloathing fcarcely fufficient to keep them 
 from pcrifliing with cold, even in thefe uncoiulortable 
 climates. Their only food was fhell-fifh, which on 
 any one fpot mud foon be exhaufted ; nor h.ad 
 they the rudefl implement of art, not even fo much 
 as was neccflary to drcfs their food, yet amidfl all 
 this, we arc told, that they appeared to enjc- that 
 content which n feldom found in great and populous 
 cities i a fpccics of content, which if they really enjoy- 
 ed it, mufl have arifen from ftupidity, afatisfaaion 
 the offspring of the greateft ignorance. 
 
 Such is the ftate of uncultivated nature j fuch the 
 rude form which uncivilifed man puts on. The 
 wants of thefe people feemed to be few ; but fome wants 
 all mankind muff have, and even the moft liinple of 
 thcni, thefe poor favnges appeared fcH'cely in a con- 
 dition to gratify. The calls of hunger and thirft mu!: 
 be (■beyed, or man mult pcrifh, yet the people in 
 qucllion feemed to depend on chance for the means of 
 anfwering them. Thofc who ciin be happy in fuch 
 a fituation, can only be fo, uecaufe they have not a 
 due feeling of their mifery. 
 
 Wc know that there have been admirers of fimpic 
 nature amongft the philofophcrs of all ages and na- 
 tions 1 and certainly fimple nature h.is her beauties. 
 In regard to the vegetative and brute creation, fhe 
 operates with rcfiftlefs energy 1 her power is prevalent 
 as her pencil is inimitable ; but when wc afcend in 
 the fcale of beings, and come to examine the human 
 race, whatfliall vvcfind thfm, without cultivation .' It 
 is here that inftinft ends and reafon begins, and with- 
 out entering into the quellion, Whether a {{ate of 
 nature is a ftate of war .' when we obferve the innu- 
 merable inconveniences to which thofe are fubjeifl on 
 whom the light of icicncc never dawned, we may eafily 
 determine in the favour of thofe arts which have civi- 
 lifcd mankind, formed ihcm into focieties, refined 
 (heir manners, and taught the nations where they have 
 prevailed, to protcil thole rights which the untutored 
 
 ravages 
 
 »7I 
 
 '769 
 
176 
 
 THE VOYAGE OP 
 
 
 1769 favaje« have ever bwn obliged to yield to ihc fuperior 
 , i< abilities of their better inllriidlcd invaders, and have 
 thin fallen a prey to Kuropean tyranny. • 
 
 No other quadrupeds than leals, tra-lioni, and 
 does were obfcrveH here. From a hill, Mr. Banks, 
 indeed, remarked the impreflion of the foot-ilept of a 
 large animal, on the furf.icc of a bog, but of what 
 kind it was he could not determine. There wore no 
 land-birds fecn here larger than an Lnglifh ',i!ack-biid, 
 hawks anil vultures exicplcd ; there were ducks and 
 other water-fowls in abundance. Shcll-fifh, clams, 
 and limpetD, were very plentiful here. The country, 
 though not cleared, produced no fpecies of hurtful 
 or troublcfome animaU. A great variety of plants 
 were found by the Dodor and Mr. Hanks. 'I'hc 
 beach and the birch which grow here may be ufcd for 
 timber. The wild celery (as well as the fcurvy- 
 grais) is fuppofed to poflcfs antifcorbutic qualitiis, 
 which cannot but be of fervice to tlic crews of fuch 
 ftiips as touch here after having been on a long voyage. 
 The latter is found in abundance near fpniigs and 
 in damp places, particularly at the watc'ini;-place in 
 the bay of good Succefs, and rcfcmblcs the Knglifh 
 cuckow-flower or laJy's-fmock. The wild celery is 
 like that of our gardens, but the leaves arc of a deeper 
 green. It grows in plenty near the beach and upon 
 the land above the fpring-tides, and taftcs fomcwhat 
 like pardey mixed with celery. 
 
 On Sunday, January 22, Captain Cook having 
 got in his wood and water, failed out of the bay, and 
 iiecrcd his courfc through the Strcights of Ma 
 ghellan. 
 
 Notwithftanding the terrible defcription which fome 
 voyagers have given of Tnrra del Kucgo, the people 
 on board the Endeavour did not lind that it had fuch 
 a very forbiddine aCpeit- On the contrary, they 
 found the fca coalts and the fides of the hills cloathed 
 with verdure. The fummits of thefe hills were in- 
 deed barren, Va; the valleys appeared rich, and a brook 
 was generally f( und at the foot of almoft every hill. 
 Though the water had a rcddifli tinge, it was far from 
 bcinj ill-taltcd. 
 
 The ftrcight of Le Mairc is bounded on the weft by 
 Terra del i ucgo, and on the caft by the well end of 
 St;.[cn Land, and is near five leagues in length, and 
 as many i.i breadth. The bay of Good Succefs is 
 fiti'.atc about the middle of it, on the fide of Terra 
 del Kuigo, which piofcnts itfelf on entering the 
 ftrcight from the northward. The fouth head of it 
 may be diftinguiflied by a land mark, rcfembling a 
 road from the fea into the country. It aft'onls good 
 anchomge, and plenty of wood and water. Statcn 
 Land did not appear to nptain Cook in the fam'; man 
 ner a« it did to Commodore Anfon. The horror and 
 wildnefs with which it appeared to the commodore 
 was not difcernible to our voyager On the contrary, 
 theland feemed not to bedeftitutc of wooil and ver 
 dure, nor covered with fnow ; and on the nortli fiJe 
 there was the appearance of bays and harbours. It i., 
 moft probable that the ftafon of ir.i- year snd other cir- 
 cumftances have concurred to furnish us with tliefedif- 
 fcrent dclcriptions of a land which at beft mud be 
 owned to be difagreeably fitu/tted. 
 
 The fliip .uTetl from Cape Home on the 26th 
 of January, the weather being then very calm ; and 
 Mr. Banks went on board a fmall i'oat in order So 
 fiioot birds, when he killed fome fheer- water s, and 
 albetrofles, the latter were larger than thofe caught to 
 the northward of the Areight, and proved to be very 
 good food. 
 
 Captain Cook had the good luck to find no diffi- 
 culty in doubling Cape Horn, and had a very diftiniV 
 view of the coaft, the weather being fair and tempe- 
 rate. On the firft of March they were in 38 " 44' of 
 
 * For t comprehenfu c: fyllcm of all die ufcfii] arts, fee tlic 
 Kew and Comnleis Diftionary of Arts and Sciences, written 
 by tlie Rev. Mr. Midttlctnn, and other gentlemen uf abilities, 
 wlxreclie principle; uf every ait a,c trrau-d in lueti a iiiannei 
 
 fouth latitude, and no' 3-}' of weft longitiiJe, both 
 by the log und by the obtervalion, a coiuurreiiie very 
 fingular in a run of 660 leagues, and wl 'th tuuled to 
 prove that no current had att'e<;ted the fhip in her 
 courfe, and it was likewife concluded that Iht had not 
 come near a continent of very lariT extern fioiii a pa- 
 rity of reafoning. Mr. Bank killc.l nioit th-ii Oo 
 birds in one day, and caught two forcU flies, luch a« 
 had never yet been dikribcd ) he alfu found a cutilc- 
 Hlh different from thofe of this name gtnerally 
 feribed in Europe. This liili which h*i a ''.-uble 
 row of talons, refrmbling thofe of a cat, wjiich it 
 could put forth or withdraw at pleafure, when drediil 
 made good foup. 
 
 A youne fellow about twenty threw himfclf over- 
 board on tlic 25th, on accoi.nt of a tjuarrel alxiut ■ 
 piece of fcal-lkin which he took by way of frolic, but 
 being charged with it as a theft, he took it lb much 
 toheait, that he could not endure tu live after fudi an 
 accufation. 
 
 On Tuefday the i4lh of April, Peter Brifcoe, fer- 
 vant to Mr. Banks, difcovered land to the fouth, at the 
 dillance of about three or four leagues. Tlte captain 
 imiTicdiately gave orders to haul up for it, arid found it 
 was an ifland of an oval form, with a lagune [or lake] 
 in the middle which extended over the grealeft part 
 of it. The furrounding border of land was low ami 
 narrow in many places, efpccially towards tiie fouth« 
 where the beach confillcd of a reef of rocks; three 
 places on the north lide had the fame appearance ; fa 
 that on the whole, this l.iiul feemed to refemble 
 feveral woody iilands. There was a large ci>iinpof 
 trees to the weft ward, and in the centre were two co- 
 coa-trees. The veflel came within a mile on the 
 north fide, but no bottom could be found at 130 fa- 
 thom, nor any good anchorage. I'he ifland was co- 
 vered with trees ; but no other fpeciet than the paiia 
 and the cocoa-nut tree could be ilifccrued from on 
 board. Several of the natives were difcovered on 
 ftiore. They appeared to be tall, with heads remark- 
 ably lari;e, which probably fome baml.iee might have 
 incieafed. 'i'hcir complexion was of the copper co- 
 lour, :ind their hair was black. Some of thefe peo- 
 ple were I'ecn a-brca/1 of the fhip, holding polei or 
 pikes of twice their own height. They then ap- 
 peared naked, but when they retired, on the fliip'a 
 pafling by the i.lands, they put on a light-coloured 
 covering. Some clunipr of palm-trees fervcd for their 
 habitation., and the ;ippearance of the grove* was 
 very agreeable. The/ called this place Lagune liland;. ,. . 
 
 it lay m latitude 18" fouth, and longitude 139' weft. ^ 
 In tiic afternoon the captain faw land again to the 
 north-weft, by fun-fet he re ched it, and found it 
 a low circular illaiul, in circumference about a mile. 
 The land appeared here covered with verdure, but of 
 various forts, but no inhabitants were ieen, nor any-. _ 
 
 cocoa-trees. It was called Thrumb-Cap by the gen'i ,™"""^* 
 tlemen on board. 
 
 Thev continued their courfe on the sth, with a fa- 
 vourable trace wind, and faw land .ibout three o'clock p ij„j 
 to the w'-ftward. It was a low land, in form rcfem- 
 bling a bow, and appeared to be about ten or twelve 
 leagues round. Its length was between thr,x: and 
 four leagues, its width that of above two hundred 
 yards. The beach was flat, and feemed to have no 
 other herbage than fea weeds upon it. T)ie refem- 
 blance of a bow was picfervcd in the nic\\ and cord 
 forming the land, while tlic intermediate fpacc was ta- 
 ken up by water; the arch in general was covered 
 with trees of* various verdure, and of dift'erent 
 heights. 
 
 Having failed along the beach within a league till 
 fun-fet, concluding that they were half way between 
 the two tufts of trees that they had fecn, they founded. 
 
 From 
 
 CI. 
 
 .15 to he fuited to all capacities, and the whole circle of fcienicv 
 U fully illuliiatcd and explained. This Diflionan i' riiK.priled 
 in only eiphty nuinhcis, and includci all the ucvv difcovctin ir 
 the Uvcial ^rtt. and Sciences. 
 
 ,-«siJit*.- 
 
T^^r^^^ 
 
 tx 
 
 P T A I N COOK. 
 
 in 
 it 
 
 
 ft 
 
 ■oc 
 fa 
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 of 
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 the 
 fi- 
 co- 
 ilra 
 
 OB 
 
 on 
 jk- 
 
 lave 
 c«- 
 leo- 
 
 or 
 ap- 
 
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 '"J-'Ulunelflind. 
 
 reft. 
 
 the 
 
 it 
 
 lile. 
 
 of 
 
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 fa- 
 
 cni- 
 rclve 
 
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 drcd 
 
 cno 
 fem- 
 cord 
 ta- 
 
 ered 
 
 rent 
 
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 wccn 
 ided. 
 'roiti 
 
 tic. ir 
 
 f inm the fmukc th.it had been fccn here, our voyagers 
 coiK liidcd the place to be inliabitcd, and gave it the 
 naino nf Haw IJIanil. 
 
 On Thurfday the 6th, «bout noon, land wai again 
 ffcn to (lie well j at three o'clock they came up with 
 it. It (ecmed to be divided xntit two parts, which 
 had the appearance of two coIlcAions of illands, tu 
 the extent of about nine Icacues. Tht two lar^rft 
 were divided froin the others by a (Ireiglif, the breadth 
 of which was about hilf a mile. , ^, 
 
 There Wert fonieof thcfc iflands about ten miles m 
 length J tut they appeared like long narrow ftrinus 
 nf land, not above a quarter of a mile in breadth. 
 They produced trees, howeVer, of different kinds, 
 amon'^ which the cocd^i-tre'e was fcen. Some of the 
 inhabitants came but iii their canbes, and two uf them 
 made at if they intended to come on boaid ; but thcfc, 
 like the reft, ftopped at the reef. After the captain had 
 got about a league fi'oifl the fiiore, he faw foine of the 
 natives following \i\ l canoe with a faili but (he 
 like'Wife ftopped after ftie palled the reef. From tbe 
 nbfervatlolis ma'Je oh thefe pcuple, they appeared to 
 be about the common fize, and well made, their com- 
 plexion was browli, ar.d they were naked. — In 
 eeneral, they bore two weapons, ohe of tticm was a 
 lone pole, ipear-pointed, and the bther rcfemliled a 
 toaddlc. Several of their canoes wtTQ conftrudVcd in 
 liich a manner as not to carry more than three peV- 
 fons J others wtrre fitted up for fix or fcvcn j one of 
 thefe boats hoiftcd 'a fail, which was converted into 
 an awning when a (how'e'r of rain fell. The captain 
 did not chufe to ftay far aViy of them ; neither could 
 fie no^ his offfccrs determine whether the fig- 
 nals made by the natives were meant for defiance 
 or for invitation. However, the captain did not think 
 proper to try theexpcriment, being fatisfied that fhould 
 thefe people endeavour to oppofenis landing, itmuft 
 toft them drnr, whereas the ifland appeared to be of 
 ho impoVta'ncc, at (Irrfdiitirtg nothing of Which the 
 Ihip's company were at that time deftitute. He there- 
 fore refolved to pafs by this place, and proceed to the 
 ifland where illrcdlions were given to make the aftro- 
 linmical obfervations already mentioned, the natives 
 of which he conceived would make no refiftance, as 
 they had already experienced the danger of oppoflng 
 the force of an European nation'. 
 
 On t'.ic 7th, about fix in (lie itiorning, another 
 ifland v. ' Jhcdvcl-cd, which was about five miles in 
 circuml. .ICC, I'lting very low and had a piece of 
 water in the midJle of it. It was woody, and cover- 
 ed witft verdure, but no inhabitants were fecn upon 
 It by thofc on board. The Englifh called this 
 Bird in«nJ. li,ri} IJUttnl, from the birds that were fecn flying 
 round it. 
 
 la the afternoon of Saturday, they faw land to thi 
 northward, ahd cabib abreaft of it in the evening, at 
 about fltrc ihilcs diltahce. It feemcd to be a chain of 
 Iflaiids. It was of an oval figure, and confiftcd of 
 coral and fand, with fome clumps of fmall trees, and 
 a lagunc [or lake] was in the middleof it. It received 
 Clitin Iflaad. the name of Chain Ifandi on accoliht of its appeair- 
 ancej i ^ , 
 
 Ofilabdrgh Iflaiid, already mentioned, was fcen on 
 the idth, aud the fame day they made Otahcite, or 
 King George the Third's Ifland, as Captain Wallis 
 bad denominated it. The (hip wais prevented from 
 approaching it by the calms, till the i2th, when a 
 breeze fprang up, and feveral canoes were feen hiak- 
 ing towards the fliip, biit tKofe who were in tlie near- 
 eft of thefe canoes feemcd to be very fhy of coming 
 on board. They had brotlght with them young plan- 
 tains and branches of trees, which Vvere handed up 
 the fhip's fide, and, by their dcfirc; were ftuirk in 
 confpicuous parts of the rigging; as tokens of peace 
 and friendOiip. Then the Engfifh battened WitK the 
 Vol. I. N» i6. 
 
 * The trtt which bears this fruit is thout the file of the horfc 
 clicfnut i iti letvct >re near * foot and a half in length, 
 in Ihapc olilong, and very much rcfcmble ihofe of the fig- 
 lice, Tlic fiuli it fuinciliing like that of the Cantalou^ic nialuii, 
 
 Indians for their carpocs, \sliiili toiiiillid nf bicad 
 fruit, Wiianas, apples, and figs. 
 
 •*7 
 I76(]i 
 
 They o|Hned the iiorlh-wtft point of thi illi, I.: 
 iich tlie Dolphin's people had j^ivin ihi.- .i| 
 >f York Ifland, on tlie eveni:ig nf this \\.v 
 
 which 
 
 I polLiliuPl" i|viin rifii 
 Thi V ^iii>x' «• "" 
 ■ay ofi'aiidun ill night, and enUted I'ort Un.il I l.u- '''•''• 
 hour on the 13th, in tlic morniii^.', ami i mk to .in 
 anchor within half a miiv' of the Dioic. S>.\i'ial('l 
 the natives came off iminediately in tlKii i..iiiik<>, ji. I 
 brought with them bread-fruit,* cocoa-i.u;.-, anii .i|>- 
 ples, belidcs fome hcgs which they bautrcU for b'.uii* 
 and other trinkets with the fhip's coinp;ui)'. The i>l<l 
 Indian that was fo well known to .Mr (Jorc .11. d 
 others who had been on the ifl.Mid with Mr. V\'alli>l, 
 came on board. His name was Oii/v/iii ) and bciii,( 
 looked upon as a >ery ufeful man, they \\i.re gl.'.d uf 
 his cotnp.my. , . 
 
 The veflel being fctured in a pro|)cr manner, the 
 caplaiii, Mr. Banks, and Dr. Sulandir v.cnt on ihure 
 with a party under arms. Some hundreds of thi- na- 
 tives recei\ed them \\ilh awe ard reverence ; and t'le 
 tokens of peace being exchanged the Indians (.jfl'eri\1 
 to conduit them to a fpot of ground whr.h it would 
 be more convenient for them to uccup), tlian that 
 where they had landed. The offer was accepted, and, 
 on I'^eir way, the Knglifh made the Indians fome pre- 
 fcnts vhich the latter very thankfully received. I hey 
 now took a circuit of about four miles through groves 
 of the bread-fruit and cocoa-trees. Intermingkd with 
 thefe were the dwellings of the natives, v.liith con- 
 fifted of huts without walls.. They found but few 
 fowls or hogs in tlieccurfcoftheii journey, and under - 
 flood that ncinc of their conductors, nor any of the 
 people they had hitherto lien were |)crfons of rank in 
 th'; iP.and. Such as h.id before been at Otaheite iii 
 the Dolphin, were like»ife of opinion, that the 
 queen's refidcnce was removed', as there Were no trace* 
 of it now tobc difcoVered. 
 
 Before they left the (liip the next morning, feveral 
 canoes were (ccn full of ptoplc wliofe drefj indicated 
 them to be of a fuperior clalV. Two of ihem eame on 
 board, when each fixed upnn a friend, one rhofe 
 Captain Cook, and the other Mr. Banks, at the fame 
 time performing the ceremony of taking off great part 
 of their cloaths to put on the Englifh geiulenitn, « ho 
 prelen'ted tht^m wi'.h fonic trinkets in return fi.r iheij 
 compliment. They afterwards made figns for their 
 new friends logo with tliun to their habitation. As 
 the captain was defirous of being .^cquaintcd with the 
 people, and of finding out a more convenient huibour, 
 he accepted the invitation, and went with lhi.in, ac- 
 companied by Mr. Banksj Dr. Solandtr^ and others. 
 They landqd at the diilance of abolit tlirtc miles, 
 among a great number of the natives who brought 
 them to a large houfc; where they were intioiluced to 
 a middle-aged i^an, named I'ootahah. As loon .is ihcv 
 were ifeated, this Indian prefentcd Mr. Banks with li 
 cock and a hen and a piece of perfumed cloth; whicll 
 compliment was Vcturned b^r a prcfent from the En- 
 glifh gentleman. After this they were conducted to 
 feveral large houf^s built in the manner we have al- 
 ready defcribed, where they were kindly received by 
 many of the natives of both fexes, and afterwards 
 met with another thief, whpfe name was Tubora Tu- 
 maida, with whom they fettled a treaty according 
 to the fafhion of the country. This chief gave them 
 to underftand thit if they chofe to eat he had provl- 
 fioi^s at their fervicei which he vcorjingly prodiji:edi 
 *' In the courfe of this vifit (iVys my author) To- 
 mio, the chiefs wife plnqed herfclf upon the fainc mat 
 with Mr. Banks, clofe by him ; but as.fhe was not 
 young, nor appeared ever to have polfeflcd many 
 charms, this gentleman paid little attention to her, 
 ant) ftie received the additional mortification of Mr. 
 Banks's beckoning to a pretty girli who; with fome 
 A » » reluiaancei 
 
 it -I inclofeil in a thin (kin, and its core is as larpc as a man'a 
 thum'j, its fubltance is fomewliJt like ihat of nirw luta,), iml 
 of the whitenefs of a blanched almond. It it roalleU bilurc it 
 it eaten, and hat very little tailed 
 
•^v^ 
 
 
 IMAGE EVALUATION 
 TEST TARGET (MT-3) 
 
 // 
 
 /( 
 "% 
 
 k 
 
 ^^5^ 
 
 ^^/^ 
 
 
 v.- 
 
 K 
 
 1.0 
 
 L^12.8 
 
 1.1 
 
 Ci 
 
 liO 
 
 ■ 
 
 ■ 
 
 20 
 
 11.25 
 
 mm 
 
 0% 
 
 
 
 Hiotographic 
 
 Sciences 
 Corporation 
 
 33 WEST MAIN STREET 
 
 WEBSTER, N.Y. 145S0 
 
 (716) S72-4S03 
 
 
 ^^ ^\ '^^rS 
 
 '4^ 
 

 
 
f.i 
 
 THE VOYA«E OV 
 
 |-Cl» 
 
 • I 
 
 ! A 
 
 ri!iKl,.iKV, i-.Tfin: .iiiit |)I.ii<il horfilf by him. The 
 luincilV was I'lincrthat ch.iyrincd :it this preference 
 ;,'ni.ii to her livali iii verthelels (he cnntiiiueil hir 
 .iilijiiiiiev tolK-rpiKll. Ihiswhlnificil liieiic wasintcr- 
 nijitiJ In an iviiii ul a mcirclerious nature ; Dr. S<>- 
 JaiuliT ha' in^', mjUld his opera k'^'S ■' timiplaiiit ua* 
 mailc to llie ehiet, which intcmiptoj the convivini 
 party. 'I'hi. lompl.iiiit was iiiforced hy Mr. Banks's 
 itariiny up and tfrlkin^ the butc-cnd of his muCquct 
 .1;. iiill tlie ".round, which ftruck the Indians with 
 iiK-h a panii that all of tliun ran precipitately out of 
 (lie hniifo, < xcept ihc chief and a few others of the fn- 
 (I'lior clais, I'htt nudiliulfant.'vgcous notions mi^;ht 
 '\ enlcria'ncd .if them on account of this circuni- 
 il.iMcc, theehiil ohicrvrd, with aji .lir of great pro- 
 ln(\. Tint th.'pla.e which thi Doctor Imd mentioned 
 tui tills xccafioii, was not within liis dilirifl, but that 
 lu' \vc<uU k'nd to the chief ot it, and endeavour to 
 r^'co^cr it, aidin.', tliai if this could not be done, 
 he W(>u!i'. rr.;>i c t!ic Dodor compcnfation, by giving 
 liii'i :.i n.kl; new cloth, (of which he produced large 
 i)'Miit('i.".; .''.s fliould b.' thought equal to the value. 
 i'lij cr.fi however w.Ti brought in a little time, and 
 ilurlafs itfcH ;o()n after, which deprived us of the 
 111- lit v.e (liould othcrwife have had in refufing the 
 ' loll, which had been ofFer^-d us. Hut it afforded an 
 opportunity of convincing the natives of our gcnc- 
 loiity, by hviOiing rewards upon them for an ac- 
 tion, to which fc!(-intercft had been the motive, ra- 
 ilicr than any fcntiment of probity ; to which, from 
 numerous tr.inf.iJtions, they appeared to be abfolutely 
 ifrangcr^. After this adventure was amicably ternii- 
 natcir, we returned to the ftiip about fix o'clock in 
 the cveninj. On Saturday the 1 5th, in the morning, 
 fcvcral of tlic chiefs, one of whom was very corpu- 
 lent, came on board from the other point, bringing 
 with them hogs, bread-fruit, and other refrefhments, 
 in cxchmgc for which they received linen, beads, anil 
 other trinkets i but foine of them took the liberty of 
 ftealing the linhtning chain. This day the captain, 
 atteiidinl by Mr. Banks, and fomc of the other gen 
 tlenien, went on fliorc to fix on a proper fpot to eredt 
 a fort for their defer.ce, during their ftayon ihe ifland, 
 and the ground was accordiiiirly marked out for that 
 purpofe J a great n'lmher of the natives looking on 
 all the while, and behaving in the moft peaceable and 
 friendly maiiiirr." 
 
 As Mr. Banks and his frierds had feen fo few hogs 
 and poultiy in their vt-alks, they fufiie<5led that they had 
 been driven up the eouiitry ; for which reafon they 
 determined to penetrate into the woods, the tent be- 
 ing guarded by a petty officer and a party of marines. 
 t)n this c.xcuifion fevtral of the natives accompanied 
 the Englilh. While the party were on their march 
 they were alarmed by the diichr.rge of two pieces 
 fired by the guard of the tent. Owhaw having now 
 called together the captain's party, difpcrfed all the 
 Indians, except three, who in token of their fidelity 
 broke branches of trees, according to their cultom, 
 and whom it was thought proper to retain. When 
 they returned to the tent, they found that .nn Indian 
 having fnatchcd away one of the tcntinel's mufqucts, 
 u young niidlhipman, who commanded the party, was 
 fo imprudent as to give the marines orders to fire, 
 which were obeyed, and many of the natives were 
 wounded J but this did not fatisfy them, as the of- 
 f( iider had not fallen, they therefore purfuetl him and 
 revenged the theft by his death. 
 
 This acHon which was equally inconfiftcnt with 
 policy and humanity, could not but be very difpleafiiig 
 Co Mr. Banks ; but as what had pafled could not be 
 recalled, nothinj remained but to endeavour to ac- 
 commodate matters with the Indians. Accoidingly 
 he cnllc'd the river where he met an old man, thiough 
 whofj mediation feveral of the natives were prevailed 
 to come over to them, and fo give the ufual tokens of 
 fri.Tallhip. The next morning, however, they faw 
 ba! lew of tile natives on the b-anks, and none canie 
 on board, from whence it was concluded that the treat- 
 ment they had received the former day was not yet 
 
 I 
 
 forgotten, anri the Etigtifli vvfrc confiimcd in iliii 
 opinion by Owhaw'shnving leh thrm. Iii c<uifei,ueiuc 
 of thefe circtiniftances, the captain biou^lii the fl.ip 
 nearer 10 the Ihore, and niemrcd her in futh a manner 
 as to make her bruad-fide I>c;u on the fjiot which they 
 had marked out for eredijig their little forti«icatu.ii. 
 But in the evening the captain and fomc of the gen- 
 tlemen going onfiiore, the Indians caiiie round them, 
 anil trafficked with them as ul'ual. 
 
 On the 17th, Mr. Banks had the tnisfortunc to lofe 
 Mr Buchan. The fame day they received a vifit from 
 I'ubora Tumaid.!, and Tootaliah. They brought 
 with them fomc plantain braoclics, tni till thefe were 
 received, thev would not venture on board. They bat- 
 tered feme bread-fruit and a hoe which was ready 
 dreflcd, for nails, with the Engliu. 
 
 On the 1 8th the fort began to be erc£lcJ. And 
 now fume of the company were cmploycj in throw* 
 ing up intrcnchments, whilft others were buficd ia 
 cutting f.ifcincs and pickets, in which work the In- 
 dians aliiftcd them. They fortified three lides of tfae 
 place, with intrcnchments and pallifadocs, and upoa 
 the other which was flanked by a river, where a breaii- 
 work was formed by the water-calks. The natives 
 brought doMn fuch quantities of bread-fruit and co- 
 coa-nuis this day, that it was neceflary to tefufc them, 
 and to let thctn know that none would be wanting fur 
 two dap. Mr. Banks flept for the firll time on uioie 
 this ni^ht. None of the Indians attempted to .ap- 
 proach his tent, he had however taken the precaution 
 of placing centinels about it, for its defence, in cafe 
 any attack fiiouUI be meditated. 
 
 Tubora Tumaida vifitcd Mr. Banks at hit tent on 
 Wednelday the 19th, and brought with him his wife 
 and family with the materials for crc£iing ahoufc, in- 
 tending [o build it near the fort. He afterward* 
 alked that gentleman to accompany him to the woodsy 
 On their arrival at a place where be fometimes re- 
 fidcd, he prefentcd his guefts with two garments, one 
 of which \.'as of red cloth, and the other was made 
 of fine matting ; having thus clothed Mr. Banks, he 
 conducted him to the (hip, and flaid to dinner with 
 his wife and fon. They had a di/h fcrved up that day, 
 which was prepared by the attendants of Tubora 
 Tumaida, which Iccmed like wheat flour, and being 
 mixed with cocoa-nut liquor, it was ftirred about till 
 it became a jelly. Us flavour was fomcthine like 
 blancmange. A fort of market was now cftabliflied 
 without the lines of the fort, which was tolerably well 
 fupplicd, and Tubora Tumaida was a frequent gueft 
 to Mr. Banks, and the other Englifli gentlemen. He 
 was the only native that attempted to ufc a knife and 
 fork, being fond of adopting European manncm. 
 The furgeon being abroad on bis evening walk, re- 
 ported that he h-id feen the body of the man who had 
 been <hot from the tent, of which he gave the follow- 
 ing account. ." The corpfc was dcpofitcd in a 
 fhed, clofe to the houfe where the deceafcd had refidcd 
 when he was alive, and others were within ten yards 
 of it. It was about fifteen feet in length, and eleven 
 in breadth, and the height was proportionable. The 
 fides and one end were inclofid with a fort of wicker 
 work ; the other end was intirely open. The body 
 lay on a bier, the frame of which was of wood, fup- 
 ported by |h>(Is about five feet high, and was covered 
 with a mat, over which lay a white cloth: By the 
 fide of it lay a wooden mace, and towards the he.> ' 
 two cocoa (hells ; towards the feet was a bunch of 
 grei n leaves, and fmall dried boughs tied together, 
 and (luck in the ground, near which was a (lone about 
 the fizc of a cocoa-nut ; here were alfo placed a young 
 plantain tree, and a ftone axe. A great many palm- 
 nuts were hung in (Irings at the open end uf the (hcd ; 
 and iho (1cm of a palm-tree was (luck up on the out- 
 fide of it, upon which was placed a cocoa-(hell filled 
 with water. Ac the fide of one of the poOs there 
 hung a little bag with fome roadcd pieces of bread- 
 fruit." — The natives -ATre not pleafed at his approach- 
 ing the body, their jealoiify appearing plainly in their 
 countenances and geflurcs. 
 
 7 On 
 
Captain cbbK. 
 
 Iheir 
 On 
 
 On the 22d they were cntert;iincd by fomc of the 
 Kiuficans of the country, who pci formed on an inftru- 
 ment foracwhat refcmbling a Cicrman flute; but the 
 performer blew wirh his noftril inllcad of his mouth ; 
 feveral of the native* accoirpanied this inflrument 
 with a particular tune. 
 
 Some axes were brought by the natives to the Rng- 
 liflt to grind and repair, and moll of them appeared 
 to have been left there by Captain Wallis and his 
 people. There was however a i* rench one among the 
 rcll, which it was found at lall they hnd received from 
 M. Bougainville when he vifited thif'e parts; in th^ 
 courfe of his voyage round the world; as the reudcr will 
 fee in its proper place. 
 
 Mr. Banks and the Uoflor mode an exciirrmn into 
 thecountiy on the24th, and found it level and fer- 
 tile for about two miles along thelhcireto the eaft- 
 ward ; farther onv they found the hills ftrctch to the 
 water's edge, till at laft they r.-in quite out into the 
 fca. Having pafled thcfe hillsv which continued 
 about three milcsi they dcfcricd an extenlive plain 
 where the houfcs were good ; the people feemed to 
 enjoy aconfiderable (hareof property; and the place 
 was rendered ftill more agreeable bv a wide river ifl'u- 
 ing from a valley that watered it.-^ — When they 
 had eroded this river, perceiving that they vierecome 
 into a barren country, they rcfoived to return i but juft 
 u they were about to put their refolvc into execution, 
 they were offered fome rcfrcOiment by a man whofe 
 fkin was of a dead white, and his hair and eyebrows 
 were as white as his (kin. I'ubora I'umaidir and his 
 women expreflld great joy when they bet the Eng- 
 lifli on their return. 
 
 Several of the gentlcmens knives being miflingon 
 the 25th, Mr. Banks who had loll his amongll the 
 reft, accufed Tuborn Tumaida of having taken it, 
 which, as he was innocent, occafioned liim a great 
 deal of unmerited anxiety. It was fomc time before 
 he could forget the injury, and at lail it was found 
 that Mr. Banks's fervnnt had millaid it. I'he In- 
 dian, with the teirs ftarting from his eyesj made 
 ligns that if he ever had been guilty of fuch an ac- 
 tion as was imputed to him, he would fufFer his throat 
 to be cut. But though he was innocent of this nccu- 
 £ition, it appeared that the natives of tliis ifland were 
 very much addicted to thieving. 
 
 Six fwivel guns were mounted upon the fort oh the 
 24th, on which the Indians feenicd to be in ereat trou- 
 ble^ and feveral of the fifhirmcn removed tnemfelves<, 
 fearingi hotwithftanding all the marks of friendfliip 
 which had palled between them, that within a few 
 days they (hould be fired at from the forti 
 
 Notwithftanding this jealoufy, Tubora Tlimaida 
 came with three of his women, and an acquaintance 
 of hit who was .1 remarkable glutton^ to dine at the 
 fort} aflv which he went back to his own houfe in the 
 wood. It was not long after that he returned, to com- 
 plain to Mr. Banks that the (hip's butcher had threa- 
 tened to cut his wife's throat, becaufe (he would not 
 barter a ftone hatchet for a naih As it appeared that 
 he was to blame, he was flogged in the veflcl in fight of 
 feveral of the natives, who were humane enough to 
 interfere, and beg for his releafci — they (heweil great 
 concern, and even burft into tears when that favour 
 was denied them. 
 
 In the forenoon of the 28th the Indian canoes 
 were continually coming in, and people of both 
 fexes filled the tents at the fort. The maftcr of the 
 Eitdeavour now wcnton (hore, where having feen a 
 female whofe name was Obcrca) he declared (he was 
 the (ame perfon whom he judged to be the queen of the 
 ifland when he was there with Captain Wallis. 
 
 It will naturally be im.igincd that the attention of 
 all was fixed on a perfon of whom fo much had been 
 faid bv the captain and crew ot the Dolphin; With 
 regard to her perfon, (he was tall, and rather large 
 made { her (kin was white, and (he had once been 
 handfome, but as (he was near forty, it was no won- 
 der that her beauty was on the decline ; hct* eyes, how- 
 ever, (till retained gr«at cxprelHon. It was not long 
 
 before this lady was conduclnl fii hnnrd v. ith loiiK 0: 
 tier familv. Among fcvtrni |iri.ltnts tli;il (liiTvCcl^i. I, 
 was acliild'sdull th..t (he fctmiJ to In- very ntti-ntivu 
 in viewing. She was cfcorted 011 flioiv liy the c;)- ." 
 lain, to whom (he pave a hog and fonu' plantain?, in 
 return for his prelints ; — tlicf'; marks of hir I'jvoui 
 were carried in a fort of prnci/Ton, the rear nf \\ liith 
 was clofcd by th*; qtiecn and the ciptiin. — Fiuy is 
 found among thofe who are fiippofcd to ht- the rhililan 
 of fimple nature ; this pert is but too .ipt to f<iw h- 1 
 bakfiil fnds in every breall. Her influence was plai'i 
 enough here, though in a matter which to an l'.iiri> 
 pcan was raihera lubjcdl of laMi;hter than of firious 
 confideralioii. As thiy proceeded they met Tootaliah 
 who, though he did not appear to be king of the 
 ifland, yet aiilcd .is if he thought he had a right td 
 fomething like fovireign command. He immediately 
 (hewed figns of jealoufy at Oberea's having tlitdoll ; 
 nor could there be any means found of conciliating 
 his friendfliip (however abfurd the prcfcht tnighl ftcm) 
 without complimenting this chief with " the baby of 
 a child" and fo prevalent is fafliion in every countryi 
 when the great ones lead the way, that no* a 
 doll was preferred to a hatchet ; but a very (hort 
 time taught the Indians to find their miftake, and the 
 ufefulncfsof iron in the end prevailed over every other 
 confideration. As to the natives who now came on 
 board) the men ate heartily of the (hip's provifions, 
 but the women did not chufe to partake of any of 
 them ; and though they were Courted to dine with 
 the gcntlemehj yetv for reafons which remained a fecrct 
 to thofc who folieited them, they chofe to cat of plart- 
 tains with the fcrvants. 
 
 Mr. Banks paid a vifit to Obci-ea on the igth day 
 of the month, but foUnd that (he was aflecp under the 
 awning of her canoe-, and going to call her up, was 
 not a little furprifed at finding her in bed with a youn'r 
 fellow of about twenty-five years of age, a circuni- 
 fiance which caulcd him to retire rather (JifconcL-rtc-Ji 
 and with fome precipitation. But as wc have alrddv 
 obfcrvcd, a commerce of this kind was by no meari^s 
 uncommon in the ifland of Otahcite ; the .ladies br- 
 ingall of eaf'y virtue, frequently tourtinc; t"ic nun to 
 their arms, and making no ft-crit of t'leir amorrus 
 dalliance. On this occafionj Mr. Banks was giica tu 
 underftand that fuch an intrigue as this was not ton- 
 fidcrcd as Icandalous, and that the perfon found in bed 
 with the queen, whofe name was Obadie, was well 
 known to her fubjeifts to be the companion of her looftf 
 hours. 
 
 Oberea-, however) foon fpt iip and drclTti! licrrdf 
 to Wait on her Englifh friend. After dreflinr» hirn 
 inafuitof fine cloth; they proceeded together'^to the 
 tent; and Mr. Banks paid a Vifit toTubora Tumaida 
 in the evening. He was aflonifhed to find this chief 
 and his family in tears, nor could hedifcovcr the rea- 
 fon while he remained with them : But, on his return, 
 the ofliccrs acquainted him that Owhaw had been fo 
 weak as to pretend to forrtcll that the guns would be 
 fired within four days, and this was the eve of the 
 thirdj which had occafiohed thcit- alarm- As the 
 gentlemen Were apprehenfive that fome ill confcqiicncc 
 might arife from this preporTcfTioni the centihcls were 
 doubled at the fort^ and they themfelvcs thnui>ht it 
 neceflary to keep under arms j but Mr. Banks walk- 
 ing his bounds about two in the afternoon; finding 
 nothing that might tend to encourage his luCpiciohs; 
 he dropped them and refted fecUre in the fort. 
 
 On the 30th Tomio came in great haftc to the tchtf , 
 and taking Mr. Banks by the arm, told him that Tu- 
 bora Tumaida was dying, owing to fomething that 
 had been ^iven by fome of the Englilbj and entreated 
 he would inllantly go tohim. 
 
 Mr. Banks weht accordihg tb ttieii- defire, and found 
 the Indian very ftck: He was told that he had been 
 vomltingi and had thrown iip a leaf which thrv faid 
 contained fbhieof the poifon. Mr. Banks having ex- 
 amined the leaf, found it was nothing but tobacco 
 which the Indian had begged of fomc of the {hip'< 
 company. ' 
 
 ivfi-, 
 
 
 4k- 
 
THE VOYAGE OF 
 
 1769 
 
 I { ![ 
 
 ■ i 
 
 «*^ 
 
 The matter, however, appeared in » very frrious 
 light to Tubora TumaiJa, who really concluded 
 from the violent ricknelt he I'uA'ercd, that he had fwal- 
 liitvcd Tome deadly drug, the terror ol which no doubt 
 contributed to niukc him yet more rick. While Mr, 
 lianks was examining the leaf, he looked up to him, a> 
 if he had been jult on the point of death. But when the 
 n.iturcuf this dreadful puifon was found out, he only 
 orJcrcd him to drink of cocoa-nut milk, which fijoii 
 rrliored him to health, and he was as chcarful at be- 
 fore the accident happjned. 
 
 "I'hcfe people feemed In particular inAances to be 
 iTonictimcs lirangely affli£ied from flight caiifcs. At 
 Vine time a certain female attendant of Tubora Tu- 
 maidji c.ime to the tent in the ereatcft feeming aiHic- 
 tion, the caufe of which coulii not be difcovcred : 
 the tears gufticd from her eyes, and (he feemed to be 
 In all the bitternefs of grief. When flic was afkcd 
 thcoccafion of all this, ihc refuted to make any an- 
 fwer, but ftruck herfelf with a fliark's tdotli Icvcral 
 times upon tlie head, till flie caufed the blood to flow 
 plentifully ; yet fevcral other lndi.ins who were pre- 
 ient, continued talking and laughing without being in 
 the lead concerned at her forrow. She afterwards 
 picked u|> liimc pieces of cloth that flie had thrown 
 down to citch the blood, and call them into the fea, 
 as if flie meant to fignify that flie wiflied her unac- 
 countable behaviour might be forgotten. Afterwards 
 flic bathed herfelf in the river, and returned with great 
 chonrfulnefs to the tent ; and focndcd the whole matter. 
 
 Capt.iin Cook having produced an iron adze, which 
 was made in imitation of the flone ones ufcd by the 
 native;, fliewed it to Tootiihah, as a curiofity. The 
 latter fnatched it up and infilled on having it; and 
 though he was offered the choice of any of the articles 
 in the cherts which were opened before him# yet he 
 would not accept of any thing in its Dead. A chief 
 dined with them that day, who haJ been on board 
 fome time before, accompanied by fome of his women 
 that ufed to feed him. He now came alone ; and when 
 all things were fet ready for dinner, the captain helped 
 him to fome viifiuuls, fuppofing that he would have 
 difpeiifed with the ceremony of being fed ; b.it he was 
 dceuvcd ; for the chief never attempted to eat, and 
 would have gone without his dinner, if one of the 
 fcrvantt liad n-it fed him. 
 
 They took the allronomical quadrant and (bme of 
 tile inrtruinents on fliore that afternoon ; and to their 
 ^reat furprife when they wanted to make ule of the 
 cjiiaJrant, tlic next day, it was not to be found ; a 
 ni^iiter which wa'i looked upon as the more extraor- 
 dinary, as a ccntinel had been placed for the whole 
 nj^lit within a few yards of the place where it was 
 depiiflteil. 
 
 At (irrt-(heir own people u'iera fufpeAed of being 
 concerned in this theft, and, as the inftrumeht had 
 never been taken out of the cafe, it was fufpet^ied that 
 fume perfon might have carried it off, under the fup- 
 pofitiim that its contents were articles ufed in traffic. 
 A Itrici fearch was made in and about the fort, and a 
 conn<Icrablc reward ottered in order to obtain it again. 
 But all this proving fruitlefs, Mr. Banks, accom- 
 panied by Mr. Green and fome other gentlemen, 
 fct out for the woods, where they thought they might 
 proliably get feme tidings of what was ftolen. In 
 their way, they met with Tubora Tumaida, and fume 
 t>f the natives. This chief was made to underfland 
 bv figiis, that they liad loll the quadrant, and that as 
 fume of his countrymen mult have taken it, they in- 
 filled upon being fliewA the place where it was con- 
 tealed. Havin^procecded a few miles together, after 
 loinc Hiqiiiry, Tubora Tumaida was informed who 
 the thief was, and it was found that he was then at a 
 plarc about four miles dirtanti As they had no arms 
 Iiut J brace of pifluls, not caring to truft themfelves 
 fo fir fiom the fort, a mcflage was difpatched to 
 Captain Cook, fequefting him to fend out a party 
 to fupport them. The captain accordingly fet out, 
 with a party propi-rly armed, after having laid an cm- 
 tar-jo upon all the canoes In the bay. 
 
 In the mean time, Mr. Banks and Mr. Green )>ro- 
 cceded on their way, j^ndat the place which had beAi 
 mentioned, were met by one>ot'l'ubora Tumaida's 
 own people, bringing with him pari of the quadrant ; 
 the rail? and the other part* of the inftrumcnt wen; 
 recovered fuon afterwards, when it wai found that it 
 had received no real injury, though it had been taken 
 to pieces. 
 
 When the^ returned in the evening, they were much 
 furprifed to nnd I'ootahah under coniineroent in the 
 fort, while a crowd of the natives, (who thought he 
 would be put to death) furrounding the gate, dif- 
 covcred marks of the greatcft anxiety for the fate of 
 their chief. 
 
 I'he caufe of his detention originated from the con- 
 du£l of the Indians : alarmed at Captain Cook's 
 having gone up the country with an armed party^ 
 mod of the natives left the fort that evening, and one 
 of the canoes attempted to quit the bay. The lieui' 
 tenant who commanded on board the wip, having it 
 in charge not to fuffcr any canoe to depart^ fent a 
 boat to detain her, but flie no fooner approached; 
 than the Indians jumped into the fea. Tootaluih being 
 of the number, was taken up, and fent by the lieu' 
 tenant to the officer that commanded at the foctf who 
 concluded he fliould du right to detain him prifonen 
 while the poor chief thousht of nothing but being put 
 to death, till Captain Cook caufed him to be re< 
 turned to the great joy of his countrymen. . 
 
 But the natives were ftiil inclined t9 bear this 
 affair in their minds, and as a proof of it, they neg- 
 Iei5led to fupply the market with provifions. Mr. 
 Banks walking into the woods, heard great murmur4 
 ings concerning the treatment of I'ootahah, who, as 
 they faid, had been ill ufed and beaten, though Mrj 
 Banks declared he was quite ignorant of his having 
 received fuch treatment. 
 
 The chief now fent for fuch hdgs to be reflor> 
 ed as he had left behind him at AtA, intending 
 them as a prefcnt, which by this time, perhapsj 
 he did not ihitik the Englifli had merited j but 
 they refuted to lt:nd them unlefs he would come 
 himtelf, thinking by an interview to promote a re- 
 conciliation ; and this they were the more defirous of( 
 as they were told it would be a fortnight before he 
 would pay them a vifit. 
 
 Provifions were How extremely fcarce, as the 
 iqarkets continued to be ill fUppIied on the account 
 already mentioned i and it was not without fome dif- 
 ficulty that Mr. Banks got a few baflceis of bread- 
 fruit from Tubora Tumaida. Tootahah now fent 
 for an axe and a fliirt in return for the hogs, which 
 were accordingly promifed to be brought him the next 
 day. He fent again early in the morning of the 5th, 
 and Mr. Banks and the DoAor fet out in the pinnace, 
 taking with them one of Tootahah's people^ and (boa 
 reached Eparre, where he refided, which was a few 
 miles to the weftward. When they arrived there^ 
 they found a great number of the natives waiting for 
 them on the fliore^ and were c<mdufled direilly to 
 the chief, the people notwithflanding the oftence they 
 had fo lately taken, flioutine out in their language, 
 " I'ootahah is your friend. He was fitting under a 
 tree, and fome old men were ftanding about him. Hav- 
 ing made figns for them to be feated, he aflced for the 
 ax«, which was then given him bv Captain Cook, 
 as alfo the fliirt that he had demandetl, and a broad- 
 cloath garment, which latter he put on, and was well 
 pleafed'with the prefent. They ate a mouthful toge- 
 ther in the boat, and were afterwards conduced to a 
 large court-yard oil one fide of the chiefs houfe where 
 they were to be entertained with wreftling after the 
 manner of the coiintryi He himfelf fat at the upper 
 end of the area, having feveral of his principal men 
 on each fide of him, who appeared as judges of the 
 fport, which is dcfcrlbed in the following manner. 
 
 " Ten or twelve combatants entered the area 1 : 
 and after many fimple ceremonies of challenging, . 
 they engaged, and each endeavoured to throw his 
 antagonift by mere ftrcogth : thus they I'eized each 
 
 uthtfr 
 
CAPTAIN COOK. 
 
 ii> 
 
 ntlicr by the hani!, tlic ihi^h, llic liair, or the deaths, 
 grappling, without the lialiart, till mn; was thrown 
 CHI liis back. Ihe conqukll was applautkd by I'omc 
 Words rrom the oM men, and three fliouts. After 
 one engagement fuccecded another, but if they could 
 not determine tlie victory in about a minute, they 
 parted, eitlier by confent or the inlerventioii of their 
 friends. Several women of rank, in the countiy 
 were prcfent, but it was thought they only attended 
 this auiufemeiit in compliment to the En^lifli gentle- 
 men. A man with a ilick, who made way for them 
 wl>en they landed, officiated here as mailer of the cere- 
 monies, keeping order amonj; the people. 
 
 As foon as this entertainment was ended, the gen- 
 tlemen were acquainted that fome hogs and a quanti- 
 ty of bread-fruit were ordered to be ))rc|)arcd for their 
 dinner, which intelligence was plcafini; enough to 
 them, as tluJr journey had fl)ar|)ened their appetite. 
 However, they neither dined on (hore nor in the 
 boat, but went as far as the (hip, at the defire of the 
 chief i ;. id as foon as he was known to be on board tlie 
 Indians brought to the fort plenty of bread-fruit, co- 
 coa-nuts, and other provifions. 
 
 Karly in the mornin;; of the 8th, Mr. Molincux, 
 the maitrr, and Mr. Green, fet out in the pinnace to 
 the cadward, with a view of procuring; fonie poultry 
 or hogs ; they faw fome of the latter, anJ a turtle, but 
 could not purchafe either, bccaufe tliey bilongej to 
 'I'ootahah, and without his |>ermiirion the people 
 would not prcfume to fell them. However, fome 
 tinte afterwards, bringing; out their nails to purchafe 
 provifions, they obtained near 20 cocoa-nuts and 
 ibme bre.^d-fruit, for one of the fmallell fize, fo that 
 they foon had plenty of thtfe articles. On thegtli in 
 the forenoon, (Jberea ami her favourite Obadie paid 
 the Livjifli a vilit, and made them a preknt of a hog 
 and fome bread fruit. 
 
 By this time the f'>rp;c was fet up and frequently 
 employed, which gieally excited the curlofity of the 
 Indians, and they were belldcs fomctlmes more mate- 
 rially obliged by the fmith's having pcnr.iflion to 
 make ther various forts of tools out of fome old 
 iron wliicii was fuppofed to have been left on the 
 ifland by Captain Wallis's people. 
 
 A very extraordinary ceremony was performed by 
 fonie of the natives, on the I2th of this month. As 
 Mr. Banks was fitting in his boat, fome ladies who were 
 firangers, came, in a lurt of proceOion, the Indians 
 each fide giving way to them. They then prefented 
 him with fome plantains and other plants, as alfo 
 with feme parrots feathers. After this they brought 
 fome large bundles of cloth, confiding of nine pieces, 
 which being divided into three parcels, one of the 
 women, who appeared to be the principal, ftepping 
 on one of them, pulled up all her cloaths as high as 
 her wai(f, and then turned round three limes with an 
 air of the greatcll fimplicity. She did the fame on the 
 other two parcels, .ind then the ladies laluting Mr. 
 B.inks, the whole was prefented to him, and he, in 
 return, gave them fuch prcfents as he fuppofed would 
 prove moil acceptable to them: fo ended this cere- 
 mony. 
 
 Tuhora Tiimaiiia the next evening much furprifed 
 nnd offended Mr. Banks, by fnatching his gun out of 
 his hand, and firing it in the air, whereas tlie Knj^lifh 
 pcatlcnien hail no idea that the Indian knew any thing 
 of the method of ufing it. And as the ignorance of 
 thk- people of thefe countries in regard to this parti- 
 cular muft alwnvs caufc them to reverence and fear 
 their guetls, Mr. Hanks made a ferious matter of 
 what probably the other meant as a joke, and, not 
 without threats, gave him ro imderlland, that for him 
 to touch the piece w.is a high infult. The offender 
 made no reply, but fet out immediately with his fa- 
 mily lor Eparrc. However, as he was really an ufe- 
 ful man, and his abfence might in ibmc mealiire im- 
 pede tho dealings of lb? F.ngliih with the Indians, 
 Mr. lianks and Mr. Molincux went after him, and 
 fiiiiiul hlr.i among his people, appaienlly much de- 
 jicL'd on account of what had happened. On thif. 
 
 Vol. I. N 16. 
 
 they made up tlic nftair with lilm, and brought him 
 hack to fupjier, and both he and lii.^ wife palLJ the 
 ihc night ill Ml. Banks's tent, 'i'iiit very evening, 
 while they were there, one of tlio natives tried lu 
 fcale the walls of the fort, but tli!> ccntiiifl pre- 
 vented him. The ttniptutmii wliiili eaufed him to 
 attempt what inig'it have coll him his lif ■, v.-.s ilunbt- 
 lefs the iron which he expected to find wit';iii in tlio 
 fortification. 
 
 On Sunday the Hth, in the mornlii;.', diviii." fervicc 
 WM.. performed on lli.jre, which was done with a view 
 of having the prefcnce of fome of the Imliaiis ; but 
 before ihc time fixed lui for beginnin;.', mufl <■< ilicm 
 were gone home ; Tuhora Tumaida and his wife in- 
 deed wcreprefent, b.it though they bihavid with j'.ic.it 
 decency, they took no notice of what palled, and their 
 brctlinn, at their u turn, madeasfew viii) jirics of them 
 as tli; V lia i bteii dil'pof.d to make of (he K.ii:;li/!i. the 
 day thus bec,un,on the one hand, wiili an nci o: piety, 
 was concluded with fcvcral acts of lewdncl'-, 'ii the 
 other, which were exhibited by the natives, b,' w.iyof 
 entertainment. Among the rclf, a young fellinv pub- 
 licly lay with a girl about eleven or twelve years ol a.e, 
 while qiKcn Oborca and fome women of the liid r..iik. 
 ill ihcciiiintry were fpeclators of the exiubiti m. 
 
 Mr. Hanks having a good ojiinion, in geni'ial, of 
 Tuhora Tumaida, was rcfolved to put his hcntfly 
 to the telt, in order to prove whether he \>as as 
 much inf ited a; his countrymen, with the common 
 vice of the ifland. For this purpofe, he threw ftvfal 
 temptations in his way ; a bafket of nail.s at latt proved 
 an objeit fo defireable as to conquer his honefiy. He 
 confeflcd the fa£l ; but when rcilituticn was talked 
 of, he laid the nails were at Eparre. High vso.'-ds 
 patlcd on the occafion, and, in the end, the Indian 
 pi:.duced one of the nails, and was to be forgiven on 
 relforing the reft ; but his virtue was not cqur.l totho 
 talk, and he withdrew himfelf, as ufual, when he had 
 committed any offence. 
 
 One of thefe nimble-fingcrcd Indians came before 
 day-light, on the 17th, in order to Ileal fome cafks, 
 and as this was not the iirft attempt of the fame na- 
 ture, he was near paying dear for his temerity, for 
 the centinel levelled his piece at him, and he efcaped 
 only by its miiling fire. 
 
 'i'ootahah having fent feveral times to intreat that 
 the captain would vifit him, and promi fed to acknow- 
 ledge the favour by prefenting him fome hogs, Mr. 
 Hicks was fent to him on the 24th, in order, if pofTiblc, 
 to obtain the hogs without the required vifit. Com- 
 ing to a place called Tettehah, where the chief had 
 taken up his refidcnce, he was received in a friendly 
 manner, but procured only one hog, though when 
 this was produced, which was on his firft arrival, 
 he w as promifed more the next morning ; but when 
 the time arrived, he was obliged to go away without 
 them. 
 
 Mr. Banks feeing Tuhora Tumaida at the tent, for 
 the firft time after the affair of the nails, once more 
 endeavoured to prevail on him to make reftitution, 
 bur he did not fuccccd in his attempt, for which rca- 
 fon the Indian was treated very coolly while he llayed ; 
 and as he could not but perceive it, he departed in a 
 very abrupt manner. 
 
 'rootahah having removed to a place called Ataho- 
 roa, the captain with Mr. Banks .-.nd Dr. Solmder, 
 and fome others fet out in the pinnace, to pay him a 
 vifit. After making prcfents of a few articles, they 
 were invited to pafs the whole night there. Mr. 
 Banks accepted of a place in Obcrea's canoe, to whom 
 he gave charge of his cloaths ; but notwithllanding 
 lier care, they were flolcn, as were alfo hispillols, his 
 powder-horn, and fcvcral other things that were in 
 ills waiftcoat pockets. Tootahah, who flept in the 
 next canoe, being alarmed, rofe and went in purfuit 
 of the thief, ()b,rca accompanying him. As to Mr. 
 Hanks ho waited for them, having nothing on but his 
 biecchi ; and when they returned, found that he mull 
 be obli-id to put up with his lofs, as their fearch had 
 been unfuccefsful. lull as he had compofcd himfelf 
 Bbb t« 
 
 17G9 
 
THK VOYAOE OF 
 
 fit rtcrp 3f»^in, hr xw^ rraiW hy Pimr mufic, and oli- 
 ffryc*! lijjhM at a litde diftAiire (roin the Jliorc. He 
 tlun rofv to go ant) Tiiid his coiiipani'in^. A<i l<>oii a> 
 hv approachrH jh« lighi<, he found ihc hut whcrv 
 C'.ipiAin Cook and tSux others of tlie pcnilcnitii l.iy, 
 wlitn h; brgan to n.-!ate Ins niifadvi-nturt tn them, they 
 toll! him, in n-lurii, thai thiy had \oH llieir (torkings 
 Hivd jjrktls. Ill cffW^, Dr. SoUnikTi who joined 
 thitn the next niurnin^, was the only one (hat elcaped 
 hcinj; rohbed, and he lind ficpt at a hoiifc that wa^ a 
 tiiJIc ditlant. This a<*eidrnt, however, di.l ii<it pre- 
 vent Captain Cook, Mr. Hanks, and the nlf that 
 were at the hut, froin attending to the niufic which 
 \va» a fort of conceit called lieiva, and ronfilli'd of 
 ilrums, flutr<, and fcveral voices. I'hey retind again 
 to their repofe, after this entirrainmciit was over. 
 
 'i fieir cloa'h', and the other things which had been 
 ftolin, were never heard of afterwards, but Mr. 
 BaniL. jot fomc rloaths from Obcrea, in which he 
 made an inld appearance. The next morning they let 
 out for the boat, having obtained only one hog, which 
 had been iiifcndcJ for their fiip|icr the pivcediiig niplit ; 
 fo th:it all things confidcred they had little reafon to 
 be faiislied with ihcir exciiriion. ( )n their return, to 
 the boat, they had a (iiecimeii of the aijility of the 
 Indian fwiminers, fonic of whom, merely for divcr- 
 liun, fwaniinafurf where no European boat could 
 have lived, and where our btft fuimmcrs mufl have 
 periftieii, htd they accidentally fallen in with it. 
 
 At this time the pri paiatioiH were made for viewing 
 thetranfic of VcniK, and two parties were fent out 
 to maWeobfervationsfiom dirterent fpots, that in cafe 
 of failing in one place, they might fucceed in another. 
 They employed themlelves for fome time in pre|raring 
 their inftruments, and inilrudting thofe gentlemen 
 wno were to go out, in the uli; of them ; and on 
 Thur(ilay the hrft of June tliey feirt the long-boat 
 with Mr. Gore, Mr. Monkhoulc, and Mr. Sporing, 
 the latter of whom was a fiiend of Mr. Kanks, with 
 pro])er inftruments to Emayo. Others were fcnt to 
 iind out afpot that mii^ht anfwer the pwrpofc, at a con- 
 venient diiiancc from their principal ifation. 
 
 I'he party that went towards Kmayo, afier rowing 
 the grt.iter oart of the night, havin;^ hailed a canoe. 
 Were informed of a proper place by the Indians on 
 board, which was Jud.'ed pr<)|Kr for tlieii obfervatorv, 
 where they accordingly fixed their tents. It was a 
 rock that rofc out of the water about ^o yards from 
 the (hore. 
 
 As foon as it wasli^ht on Saturday the 3d (the day 
 of the tr.Tiilit) Mr. Hanks left them in order to go and 
 gft fielh pro\ifions on the ifland. The king, whofe 
 name w as I'arrao, came to p.iy him a vifit, as he was 
 trading w ith the natives, and brought with him Nuna 
 his filler. As it was cullomary for the people in thefe 
 parts to be feated at their conferences, Mr. Banks 
 fpread his turban of Indian cloth, which he wore as 
 a hat, upon the ground, on which they all fat down. 
 Then a hog and a dog, fome cocoa-nuts, and bread- 
 fruit wetv broiiahl, being the king's prefent, and Mr. 
 Banks fcnt for :ui adze, a fhirt, and fome beads, which 
 were picfenti-d to his majeliy, who received them with 
 app.Trent fati^faclion. 'iubora Tiimaida, and To- 
 itiio, who had gancwith Mr. Banks, came from the 
 obfervatory, when Tomio, who was faid to be related 
 to Tarr.to, pave him a long nail, and left a ftiirt as a 
 prefent I'or Nuna. Afterwards the king, his fiftcr, 
 and three beautiful young women their attendants, 
 rctunieJ with Mr. Banks to the obfervatory, where 
 he {hewed them the tranfit of Venus, and acquainted 
 the-ilk, that to view it in that fituation was the caufc of 
 his umlertakinj? a voyage to thofe remoter parts. Ac- 
 cording to this gentleman's account, the produce of this 
 
 * .Mr. Green't account uas as '.ollou's : 
 
 Hours. Min. 
 TlicfirtVextffnal C(»ntaft 9 B5 
 
 Tlie fit:) ii.uinil cuiilldl or tolil 
 
 tmtiluuip 9 44 
 
 Sec. 
 
 4 ', 
 
 illand is nearly tire fame with that of OtalKitc; the 
 
 pi-opic alio leleniblrd thofe of that ifl.md : he li.id feeil 
 
 many of them upon it who who iu(iHAinted with 
 
 ihe nature of tr.uling articles. 'I~hc parties that were 
 
 lent out to make their obf ••vatioiis on the Iraiilit, hati 
 
 good lutcHs in the iindertaiting ; though they ditt'eml 
 
 rather mom than might have 'x'cn exiwiiicd in their ^^'I'^^^y'^" 
 
 account of thctontait. • pj,_ 
 
 Some of th.- Ihip'scompany having broke into the 
 florc-room while the gentienien and officers were 
 bulled in viewing thefr.iiifit, took the liberty of Weal- 
 ing a quantity of fpike-nails. After a ftri£l Itjaith 
 the thief w.is found out •, he had, however but few of 
 the nails in his pollefTion ; but he was ordered to re- 
 ceive two docen of ladies, by way of example. 
 
 An old female of fome diltinition dying, gave the 
 Knglifh an opjiortunity of obferving the ceremonies 
 ufed by thefe illanders iti dil'pofing of the dead bodies 
 of their people ; which, as we have obferved, they do 
 not directly bury. The reader has already (cen thcde- 
 fcription of the bier, the placing the brcid-fniit, 
 6ic. which, according to Tuliora Tuinaida's account, 
 was a fort of offering to their Uods, In the front of 
 the Iquare fpace, a lort of llile was phiced where (he 
 relations of the decealed Hood to give token of thcif 
 grief. There were under the awning fome pieces of 
 cloth, whereon were the tears and blood of the mourn- 
 ers, who ufed to wound thcmfelvcs with a fliark'fl 
 tooth upon thefe occafions. Four fmall temporary 
 houfvs were cieited at a fmall diiiancc, in one of 
 which remained fome of the relations df the deccafedr 
 the chief mourner relidcd in the other j and was drcflid 
 in a particular manner, in order to perform a certain 
 ceremony. Wltcn the corpfe is rotten, the bones are 
 buried near the fpot, and thefe places were found to 
 anfwer the purpofes of religious worfliip, though 
 Captain Wallis could not perceive the traces of any 
 fuch worfhip among them. 
 
 As to the ceremony wc are about to fpeak of, theFurrml ctrc- 
 following is the account we have of it, which may not monie*. 
 be unentcrtainingto the curious reader : " It was per- 
 formed on the loth, and Mr. Banks was fo defirous of 
 bcingYrelent, that hcagrttd to take a part in it when he 
 was informed, that he could not be a tjtcflator on jny 
 other condition. He went accordingly in the even- 
 ing, (o the place where the bo<ly was depofited, where 
 he was met by the relations of the deccalcd, and was 
 afterwards joined by Icveral other pcrfons. Tubora 
 Tumaida was the principal mourner, whofe drefs was 
 whimfical, though not altogether ungraceful. Mr. 
 Banks was obliged to quit his Euro|K'an drefs, and 
 had no other covering than a fmall piece of cloth that 
 was tied round his middle ; his bo<ly was blacked 
 over with charcoal and water, as were the bodies 
 of feveral others, and among them fome females, » hi> 
 were no more covered than himfelf. The proceflion 
 then began, and the chief mourner uttered fume words 
 which were judged to be a prayer, when he approached 
 the body, and he repeated thefe words as he came up 
 to his own houfe. They afterwards went on, by 
 pcrmiflion, towards tiie fort. It is ufual for the rcil: 
 of the Indians :o (hun thefe procefTions as much as 
 p' fl';ble i they accordingly ran into the woods in gre.it 
 halfc, as foon as (his came in view. From the fort 
 the mourners proceeded along the Ihore, crolfed the 
 rivci, then entered the woods, pafTing feveral houfes, 
 which became immediately uninhabited, and during 
 the relt of the proceflion, which continued for half an 
 hour, not an Indian was vifible. Mr. Banks filled an 
 office that they called Niiiivth, and there were twi> 
 others in the lame charadler. When none of the 
 other natives were to be feen, they approached the 
 chief mourner, (ay'ing Imatela ; then thofe who had 
 
 alfifled 
 
 7'he fccnnd inicrnal contaO, or be- ffourt. Min. Sec. 
 
 ginning uf the cnicrlioni ] 14 I -t > 
 
 The fecond cxiernil contact, or total | ? 
 
 cmevfion ) 31 10 ' 9 
 
 Latitude of the olilervntorv »7 ilep. n min. ■; fee. fouilii— 
 
 longitude, 149 Ueg. 31 niin. 30 fee. well from Greenwich. 
 
 ,Liiiv.„-,i.^ 
 
itivluof V«- 
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 ii-n 
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 I'cn- 
 
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 Mr. 
 
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 that 
 
 ckcd 
 
 lies 
 
 Im 
 
 on 
 
 nrds 
 
 hcd 
 
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 > 
 
 3- 
 
 CAPTAIN COOK. 
 
 183 
 
 nffiflol at the cfrfmony bathrd in the rivir, and rc- 
 fumi'd their tormcr ilrils," Mr. H:iiik.s «ho h.id [hm- 
 formcd a cijiital p.irt in this ceremony, received ap- 
 plaufc (roni I'lib.ia Tiinuida. 
 
 'I'he lndi.iii>. hai ini; loH lome of their bows .ind ar- 
 row;., and lunie ([rings of plaited hair, »n the 121I1 
 of tins month, a coniplaint was made un the fubjiit 
 to the c.iptaiii, whereiii'on the affair was iiuiiiired 
 inti>, and ilie otienJers wlio had l.ik'-n thtin aw.iv re- 
 ceived each two doitn of l.ilhes. The fame day I'u- 
 bora Tuinuida brought liis bow and arrow-, in order 
 to decide a challenge ot (liooling iKtweiii him and 
 Mr. Ciorc, tjt it appeared that tli> v had miltaken 
 r.ich other, Mr. Gore inrcnding to difehar;;c his ar- 
 row at a mark, while the iMdi.in meant only to try 
 wlio could Ihoot farthcff. As loon this was appre- 
 hended, tiic challenge was dropped ; 1 ni Tiihora Tii- 
 nuida, in order to fluw Ins Ikill, kiuvlm;.; down, 
 (hot an arrow (unf-athcred, as thry .ill arc) near tin 
 fixth part of a mile, dropping the bow the inll.int 
 the Ihot is difchargrd. 
 
 Mr. Banks having this morniii;r met fcvcral of th? 
 natives, and learning that thefe people had a kind of 
 mufical entertainment in the even' up, he and the 
 Englilh gentlemen refoUed to be prefeiit at it. 'I'liey 
 went accordingly, and heard a p.-rformance on drums 
 and flutes by a fort of itinerant muficians. The drum- 
 mers fung to the miific, and the Englifli perceived 
 thcfr mult be mere extempore compofitions, as them- 
 lelves were the fubjcifl of the fong. 
 Tliccaptjin The continued diftoncfty of the natives, (wliofe 
 itiTcs tlic ei-,„2„ncrs were in other refpedts agreeable cnou;j,li) oc- 
 JJ^lJ^°, „„'',^. cafioncd Captain Cook to try if he could not at once 
 cimni of ilicir P"t "" end to this evil by making rcprilals ; .m iron 
 llitfM. coal rake for the oven being ftoleii in the night cf the 
 
 14th, this cnnfideratlon, added to many other faifls of 
 the like nature fKcafiotied him to give orders for feizing 
 twenty-fcvcii of their double caiuH-s, which were 
 jnltcomc in, laden with fifh. I'licy were told that 
 unlcfs the rake and all the other tilings were returned 
 thefc canoes «ith their cnrgoes fhoiild certainly be 
 burnt ; but Captain Cook who had very humanely 
 nlre.idy given orders to the centinels not to tire on t!'.e 
 Indians, even if they Ihould detect them in the act of 
 thieving, never meant to make this fae'itirc to iuC- 
 ticc. However, the natives were alarmed by a ihieit 
 of fuch a nature, as he was furnilhed with the power 
 to put it into immediate execution. Vet fo much aver fe 
 were they to rellitution, that tlic cnlc-rakc only was 
 broui'lit home, the relt being dill retained in their pof- 
 feifion. The captain, however, gave up tlic cargoes of 
 the Indian vellijls, as tlic poor natives were greatly 
 diftrc(li;d by the feizurc, and afterwards promifed to 
 releafe the canoes, in order to prevent the confufion 
 arifing from the difputes concerning the property of 
 thcditiercnt lots of goods which they had on board. 
 
 But a boat being lent on fiiorc, in order to procure 
 ballaft, the imprudence of the officer was near in- 
 volving his countrymen in another quarrel with the 
 Indians. As he could not readily procure what he 
 wanted, he very improperly began to violate the mnn- 
 fions of the dead, and was immediately oppofed by 
 the inr.iged iflandcrs. Intelligence of this difputc be- 
 ing received by Mr. Ranks, he went to the place 
 where it had commenced, when, asit appeared that there 
 was a fufficient quantity of ftones to be got cHcwhcic, 
 the affair was amicably fettled. And this was the only 
 oppofition which they met with, and the only pcrfonal 
 infult received, properly fo called (except at the affair 
 of the fort, which has been already related) wa.i by 
 Mr. Monkhouff, the furgeon, whom one of the In 
 dians Uruck for pluckinp; a flower within one of 
 thtfc burial iiulofiires. This gentleman laid hold of 
 him, but two of his countrymen pulled his hair, till 
 he "as obliged to let him go J and then they all ran 
 oft" as faff as they could. In the evening of the igth 
 foon after the canoes were detained. Queen 01>c- 
 na anil llveral of her attendants came from Toota- 
 hah's houfe in a double canoe, and brought a hog, 
 a dog, foine bread-fruit, and other prefcnts ; but as 
 7 
 
 flie hid brought none of thofe things which ihr rap- 
 t.iin h.id lecjiiiicd 10 be ivlloud, lu would not ampt 
 Ihim, at winch iheappeand to be nuKli ci'iauiKil ; 
 elpLcially as a chiMilh Itoiy that flie told alout 
 Oliadie'.s takini^ Ihini, and In r li.niii« beaten him 
 for fo doing did not gain cndii. N.'tw iihff.Mid- 
 ing all this and thr)uj,h at fiiff ffn d.il not fan 
 to be without h^r fe.irs, yet at linrth (lie fur- 
 mounted llicm fo far as to off', r to llicp in Mr. 
 H.uiks's tent ; but being ttlulid (lie went to nit in 
 her canoe. 
 
 She returned to the fort next morniny, whtn the 
 captain thought ht toaccept lur prefmis when iwc ot 
 her atteiuiaiits were very afliiluou,-; to malch thcm- 
 lelves with mates, in which defign they found the 
 grcatcff likelihood of fuceeeding by means of the 'ur- 
 geon and one of the lnuteiiants. All were very 
 agreeable till btd-timr, when fone words arifing be- 
 tween the furgeon and one of them, Mr. Banks tliriilt 
 her out, and the rtll followed. As Mr. Monkhoufc 
 thought his niirtrel's not well ufed, it w.is f.ariil ibis 
 affair woulil have nec^lioned a duel ; but li;ippily the 
 matter v. as amicably ailiiifted. 
 
 'Ihe n.itives of Ot.ihciti. hold doirs flifli In 'ilglier 
 eftetm than tluy do p..rk I but it is to be olluied 
 that thofe dogs which thry breed for food, live only 
 upon veg' tables. In order to try an experiment, 
 Tupia undertook to kill and baker ne of thefc arimals; 
 and they all allowed that the difh was agreeable. 
 
 On the ziftof this month they were vifitcd b^r many 
 of the natives, who brought them various prefents. 
 Among the relt was a thief of (cveral diffridts on tlie 
 ifland, named Oamo, whom the Kngliffi gentlen.en 
 had never yet feen. He had a boy and a young wo- 
 man with him) and the former was carri.d upon a 
 man's back though he was able to walk. Obi r< 1 and 
 fomeof the Indians bareheaded, and uncovered as low 
 as the w.iiff, went forth to meet them; acircum- 
 ffance which was confidercd as a mark of refpett. 
 When Oamo entered the tent, the young girl, though 
 feemingly very curious, did not follow him. The 
 youth was bruu.;lit in by Dr. Solander, but was foon 
 got out again by the Indians, who were avcvfe to the 
 boy's entrance. 
 
 Mr. Banks and the reft of the gentlemen, being cu- 
 rious to know who their new guelts were, receivid the 
 following account : " That Oamo was the hulbnnd 
 of Oln-rta ; but that this couple hr.d been feparated by 
 confcnt along time, and the boy and giil were their 
 children. The former was called Tcrridiri ; he was 
 heir apparent to the fovercignty of the iflands, and 
 when he came to a proper age, was to marry his fiffer. 
 The prefent fovereign, Outou, was a minor, and was 
 thefon of a prince, called Whapi^ai. — Whappai,Oama, 
 andTootahah, were all brothers, of whom Oamawas 
 the cldeft, the hifl-namcd was the yoiingeft; and 
 Whappai having no other child bcfidcs Outou, Ter- 
 ridiri, his brother's fon, according to the cuftom of 
 the country, was heir to the fovcreignty." It is here 
 to be noticed, that in the ifland of Otaheite, a boy, as 
 foon as he is born, fuccrcds to his father's authoi-ity ; 
 but a regent being necifl'ary, that office, though elec- 
 tive, generally (alls upon the father, who holds the 
 reins of government till the child is of .nge. The rea- 
 fon that the clciStion in this cafe had fallen upon Too- 
 tahah was, his being celebrated for his warlike ex- 
 ploits among his countrymen. Oamo afked a num- 
 ber of queffions concerning the Engllfh, and, by his 
 converfation appeared to be a perfoii of gooii under- 
 ftanding. 
 
 Captain Cook received an clegnnt garment fi«»n a 
 woman that came from the wcftcrn part of the ifland. 
 The ground was a bright yellow; it was bordered 
 with red j and there were fevj.-ral croires in the middle 
 of it. As the French had been on the coaff, it was fup- 
 pofcd that they had taught the natives the notion of 
 making thefe figures. 
 
 One of the fcngliflt being mKTingon the 23d, pro- 
 per inquiries were made for him among the natives ; 
 and at laft it was found that he was at Eparrc, from 
 
 whence 
 
 17(9 
 
 
l84 
 
 T rr E V o Y A c; t o ? 
 
 ' i» 
 
 li li' 
 
 i-6o whence one <•( tlic Iivll.in": fitihcd liim the fame 
 »-— V-— ' evfiiini^. WIrii Iv uiuiiitl, he acm'aiiua' tlicm 
 • liar hi- h,\<\ Ikci iikrn I'V ilitce men Irom thi- loii, 
 anJiMiriivl up to t!ir lo;> nt die b.iv ; thit they llrip|>ctl 
 him, lorciil iiini lnt» :i c iixir, ;in.l concliictcJ hiiiitu 
 Eparrc, wh^ic Tuotiiliali liail^iMii him l'<>inc cluathn, 
 and w.iiitui toprilii.uk' liiiii to r.iiiiii anion^ his |k-u- 
 pli". As foon ;■.•! ilu' ii.itivcs kiuwolhis return, thty 
 quilted the t'oit wliuh v..n rondru.J u« a contirina- 
 tion ni' wh.it tlii'. man h.ul alilrtcl. 
 
 Ciptain Ccpok lltiin;; out in iIk pinnace with Mr. 
 Biiiksjl.uliil to thr i.illw.ii J with a ilili ;n otcircum- 
 navK'iitiii^i; the itliiul. Thi-v wint on iliorc- in the 
 I 'r'"" ."i tori'Moan, in a ilillri..'l in tlie govcriimtnt of Aluo, 
 iHiiiJ, " yoiin^ cliiL't', w ho at t'.ic tcnl> had frequently Ixcn 
 
 their vilitaiit. Ami hue alio tluy faw fevcial other 
 natives whom ll;ev knew. Alierward* they proceeded 
 to the harbciir wheie .M. Uiiuij;ain\ille's vcllcl lay, 
 when he eanie to Otah^ite, and were ftiewn the 
 wateiiiig-placf, and the ij'ot where he pitched hij 
 t'-nt. 
 
 C'omino: to a large baj, when the Englifli gentle- 
 men miiu iMud their dilign of going to the other fide, 
 tluir In.li 11 ;;inde, whiile name was 'I'ilubaola, faid 
 he v.ii'.il.l iii't iieet'inpaiiv thiin, .tad alio ciidea\our- 
 cd to dill lade the ciptain and his |ieople from going j 
 oMirvin;', " I li.it rouiitiv was inhabited by people 
 who wue not liiliiet't lo I Hot.iliah, and who woulil 
 ilellrov llicni all. Notwithltaiii'ing ihev refoUed to 
 put till II di(i;.'n in eveeutioii, I'M.lin^ their pieces with 
 ball ; and at lalt 'I'itiib.iola ventured to i7> with thtm. 
 Ilavin;; i.iwal till it was dark, thiy reached aiiarro.\ 
 ilthnnisv. liicli fevered ilu' illaml intwo parts, and thelt 
 formed dill I IK tumLrnnieiif!. However, asthey hadnot 
 yct^'ot inloih-'li .Hilepartortliccoiintrv',it waMhouijht 
 propir to !:■) on Ihore to Iji.nd the iiiLiht where C)o- 
 ratov.i, the l..dy who had paid her compliments in fn 
 extr.;ordin:iry a m. inner at the f>it, pnnidul then 
 with a fiippr, and thry proiccdtd for the otlwr ;;i.- 
 veriinuiit in the morniiiir. 
 
 Tlu V afii rwards landed in the Jillrit^ cf a ihi«.i 
 called Mriraitata, an 1 hi'- 1. ll.er was called I'ahairc !. . ' 
 'I'liele picple j;a\ e thi' eaplain a virv R'>o^l tccepiion, 
 fold them a hog for a h.itchei, ?.nd lurnifh' d tlvini with 
 provifinns. A crowd of the nati\"s came round th 
 Ennlilh pntkiiien, airnniill whom however they 
 met only two v.i:!« whom they -.vere acquainted j but 
 though ihrvi;:wf veral Kuro|HaneommtKlitie»,yctihey 
 perceived none that came i nt of tl.e Endeavour. Here 
 thi-y fi .' two twelve pound fhot, one of which ha.l 
 the kinti' broad arrow upon it, vet the native;' I'aid 
 they ha3 them from M. Hoiigainvillc. I'hey after- 
 wards :idvanced till thev icieheil th..t dirtriit whicli 
 was under thcge.vcrnment of VVahe.itua, who had a(bn, 
 it Was not known in whet.j hands the (overeign power 
 was depofited. I'lu're they found a fpacious plain 
 with a ri'.ir which they were obliged to pafs ovir in 
 a canoe, thoiii;h the Indians that followed them, f>cam 
 over uitliout any dillieiilty. They proceedeil on their 
 joiirn; V f r a coofidcralile way along the fliorr, till 
 at I.ilf they were ma bv the chief, who had with him 
 an ajrrceahle woman, of about twenty-two yc.irs of 
 aize, who was called Toudiddc. Her name was n'>t 
 unknown to the Knslifh who li.id ot'ten heard of it ; 
 and (he was fiip|;ofi.d to bear the fame rank here as 
 Oberc.i bore in the other part of th;; idand. The 
 parts throii'dt which they now pallid, appearetl to be 
 better ciiliivalcd than anv of the reO, and the burial- 
 places WLrc nioi'; in number. Thev were neat, and 
 oinani'-iitcd with carvings ; and in one a cf^k was 
 V feen, which was painted with the various colours ol 
 
 the bird. Th..ir;h thecountry was apparently fertile, 
 vcrv little bread-fruit wa> to be found here, a nut 
 e.illed Alice, furnilhing the principal fubfiflance of 
 the iul'.abit.'.nts. 
 
 H inr; fitijai'd with their journey, they went on 
 board thin boat, and 1. udcd in the evening on an 
 
 
 ifland which w.is called Otoonreile, tofetk for iTfreft- 
 mcnt. Mr. iiaiiks i*oin); into the wood,, lor ihii 
 piirpofr, when it w.is d.iric could dil'cover only onu 
 houfe, wherein he found fonvc of the nutii liclorc- 
 inentioncd, ant! a little bread-fruit. There was a 
 good harbour in the fouthcrn part of this iflaml, ami 
 the furruuiiding country ap|>earcd to be cxtienuly 
 fruitful. Landing at about three miles (iiftance they 
 found fome of the natives whom they well knew, yet 
 it was itot without dilliculty that they obtained a lew 
 cocoa-nuts before thty departed. When they came 
 a little farther to the caftwaid, they landed again, and 
 here they wers; met by Mathiabo, the chief, with 
 whom they were not at all acquainted. He fupplied 
 them with bread-fruit and cocoa-nuts, and thry pur- 
 chafed a hog of him for a glafs bottle which hechuli; 
 in preference to all the other articles prcfenttd before 
 him. A turkey-cock and a goofc were feen here, which 
 were much admired by the natives, and were fiippofed 
 to have been hft ihire by Captain •VV.illis's (x-ople. 
 'I'heyoblerv.'diiiahoulcnearthefamepl.iee leveral hu- 
 man jaw-bones, which I'eemtd liefii, and had not lolt 
 any ofthc teeth, and were lalUned to a board, ol a f ini- 
 circiil.ir fi;;ure j but tin y could not j;ct any inforina- 
 ti(m of the caulc of tliis i \tiaordinary appi.irance. 
 
 When they left the |)l.ice, the cliiel piloted them 
 over the Iho.ds. In the evening they opened the b.iv 
 on the north-weft fu!e of the illanil, which aiifwc red 
 lo that on the foiith-t.dl in Inch a inaniier as to in- 
 tcifecl it at the illliiniis. Several canoe'. e.iiiic olf here, 
 and fome beautiful Wdmen givin;; tokens Ih it tiky 
 Ihould be ghd to fee them on Ihoii, they read, I e ac- 
 cept) d the invitation. — Of their adventures during 
 thei.lf ' I their jounuy Wi h.ivi the following account. 
 
 " They met with a very friendly reception from 
 the chief whole name w.is \ViveioH, who rave direc- 
 tions to l.'ine ot his people to aflitf them in drelfing 
 their piovilions which were now very plentiliil, and 
 they luppcd at Wiverou's houfe in company with 
 .M.ithiabo. i'arl of the houfe W.IS allotted for them 
 lo flixp in, and foon after fuppcr thev retired to relK 
 Mathiabo h.iving borrowed a cloak of Mr. Hank*, un- 
 der the notion of ufinp it as a cove rUt when he lay 
 down, made olf w ith it without being perceived either 
 hv that gentlemen tir his companions. Howi-vcr, 
 n.'wj of the robberv being prcftntly broutdit them by 
 one of the natives, they fct out in [lurfu it oV Mathiabo, 
 iiut had jirocecded only a very little way before they 
 were met by a perfcn bringing back the cloak which 
 this chief had given up rather thiougli fear than from 
 any principle of hiHi, :ty. On their return ihev found 
 the houfe entirely ileitrted ; aiul, about four in the 
 mornin};,the centinel gave the ..larm that the boat was 
 mifling. Captain Cook and Mr. Hanks were greatly 
 aftonifhed at this account, and ran to the water- fide j 
 but thou.'Ji it was a clear, Itar-light moriiinj; no boat 
 was to be feen. Thtir (ituation -was now e;<tremcly 
 difagrecablc. The party coiililted of no more thail 
 four, having; with tliim only one iiiufiinct and two 
 pocket piliois. Without a fpare ball or a eharu'c cf 
 powder. After having remained fome time in a Hate 
 of anxiety arifing from thcfe circinnllanees, of v.hich 
 they feared the liidinps might take advant.nre, the 
 b»)at which had be'-n driven away by the tide, re- 
 turned i and Mr. Hanks and his companions h.id no 
 lo^ii'.ir breakfalted thin tluy di p.irted. 'I'liis place i« 
 lituatcd on thenoitli fnle of I'lrr.ibou, the lotilh-eAft 
 peninlula of the illand, about five miles call from thn 
 ifthinu-^, with a harbour equal to any in tholi- puts. 
 It was fertile .■'nd po| iilous, ,ind the inhabitants 
 every where behaved with great civility. 
 
 '1 helalUlidritl in Tiarraliou, in which they landed 
 w.ts eovermd by a chief named Omoe. He was ti,en 
 huil ling a houfe, and was very carncit to piiehafc 
 a haichct; but the gentlemen had not one left. He 
 would not trade for nail<, and they emb, irked, the 
 clii.l, however, following them in his cano,-; with hi» 
 wile. They were afterwards taken on board, but 
 when th:-y had failed about a league, defired to be put 
 on fliore. Thcit requi'ft was omplicd wilJi, when 
 6 tha 
 
 il'. . i^ . .'JaSSfc^ ""' 
 
CAPTAIN C C) O K.. 
 
 IM 
 
 the captain met with fonit ofOmot's p-oiilc, wlui 
 liroiijjlit vvilli tl\rm :i vciy liit;t lui^. I lu unii u- 
 greed to ixihaiijic the Uo^ (oi .111 axt- aiul a nail, atid 
 tobi'inuthi. Ii.afl (o the tuit. Asihchci^wasa wiy line 
 one, Mr. Hanks accfptid iIil- niKr. I ncy law at this 
 place one i>t the Indian Katiiav, a lint ol linage, n\.ide 
 of wicker-work, which rclcniulcd a in.in 111 ligure i 11 
 Will near Itven feet in height, and Wai covemi with 
 hiack and white feathers ; on the hiad were four pio- 
 tilbtraiUL>, lallid liy the name-. /<;/,/ tl,; tll.it is, June 
 mil- Having taken their leave of Oiiioe, the j;entle- 
 men fet out on their r^tiun. 'I'hey wt.nt un lliore 
 ll|>ain, after they had rowed a few miles, hut faw nu- 
 thiiii;, except a llpulchral bilildin^, which was or- 
 lununted in an extr.iiirdinary manner. The pave- 
 ment, <m which was erected n pyramid, was very neat ) 
 at a finall diltan< e there was a ll»iie iin.ige, very un- 
 coullily carved, but which tlie natives feenicd to hold 
 in hi^h eltimatiim. They pafud through the harbtiiir 
 which was the only one fit for (hipping on the foiiih 
 (jf Opoureonoii, litiiate about live miles to the welt- 
 ward of the ilthmus, between two fmall illaiids, not far 
 from the (horc, and w ithin a mile of each other. 'I'hey 
 were now near tiiedillrict called I'aparra, which was 
 that where 0;uiia and OlKiea t;o\erned, and where 
 the travellers intended to IpenJ the nii^ht. Uut 
 when Mr. Itanks and his comp.iny landed, about an 
 hour before il was dark, it ap|icared they were both 
 fet out to pay them avilit at the foit. However, they 
 ilept at Oheiea's houfe, whiil'. was noat, though not 
 large, and of which there was nu inhabitant but her 
 father, who Ihewed thein much civility. 
 
 " They tiKik this opportunity of walking out upon 
 a point up'in which tliev had oblirrvcd at a diltancc 
 fome trees called Eloa, which ufually grow upon the 
 burial places of thcfc iHanders. They call thole 
 buryinu; grounds Moral. And here .Mr, Hanks faw 
 a vaft building, which he found to be the Moral of 
 Oama and Obcrca, which was the mull conliderable 
 |)iccc of architedlurc in the illand. It cimfilled of an 
 enormous pile of (lone-work, railed in the form of a 
 pyramid, w ith a fliglit of fteps on each (ide. It was 
 near 270 feet Ioml':, about oite third as wide, and be- 
 twc-en 40 and 50 feet hich. The foundation con- 
 filled of rock Hones j the Iteps were of coral, and the 
 upper part was of round pebbles, all of the fame 
 fliapc and fize. The rock and coral-Hones were 
 fquared with the utmod neatncfs and regularity, and 
 the whole building ap|>eaied ascompai^t and Arm as if 
 it had been eredted by the belt workmen in Europe. 
 What rendered this laft circumlfancc the more extra- 
 ordinary was the confideration tliat when this pile was 
 raifcd, the Indians mud have b.-en totally dcftitutv of 
 iron tools either to fliapc their lloncs, or for any other 
 necell'ary purpofe, nor had they mortar to cement them 
 when made lit for ufe ; fo that a llructure of fuch 
 height and magnitude mud have been a work of in- 
 finite labour ami fatigue. In the centre of the fummit 
 W.1S th.' reprefent.ition of a biid carved in wood j clofe 
 to this was the fijnireofa fiih in done. The pyramid 
 conditu'ed part of one fulc of a court or fquare, the 
 fides of which were nearly equal ; and the whole was 
 walled in, and paved with flat dones, notwithlland- 
 ing which pavement, feveral plantains and trees which 
 the natives call Eto.i, grew within the inclofurc. At 
 a fmall didancc to the weftward of this edifice was 
 another paved fquaic that contained feveral fmall 
 dages, called Ewattasby the natives; which appear- 
 ed to be altars, whereon they placed the oft'erings to 
 their Crods. Mr. Hanks afterwards obferved whole 
 hogs placeil upi>ii tliefe dages or altars. 
 
 " They arrived at Otahorou on Friday the 30th, 
 where they found their old ;!C(tuaintancc Tootahah, 
 who received them with great civility, and provided 
 them a good fuppcr and convenient lodging j and 
 though they had bien fo di.imefully plundered the lad 
 time they fl-pt with this ^hief, they fpent the night 
 in the greatcd fecurity, none of their deaths nor any 
 other article being milling the next morning. They 
 returned to the fort at Port Roval Harbour, un tlie fird 
 
 Vol. I. Nm;. 
 
 of j . y, luvil.g dil'covcied lii' ill.m.l, including bo'h 
 peiiiiiliil.is, lo be .iboiit loo ingles in ciicumlerenie. " 
 
 Alur llieir riluin fruin iliis Icm, tlRV wtie v^iy 
 much 111 want ol brLaJ-fitiit, none ol wliii.h they had 
 been .dile to pro\ide llKii<lel\es with, ai tliey had feen 
 bill little in theoourleol their jouimv i biif the 1 In- 
 dian fii< n.U coming idund tiKiii, loon luppiied their 
 want of provifioii^. 
 
 Mr. Hanks made .ti cxriirfion on the ^J, In ordei 
 to tr.ice tile river up the v.illiy to its fouue, and toie- 
 m.irk li.iw farilieciuiiitrvwMsinh, hited along tin baiil.5 
 <d it. lie look fome Indian giiitks with hini, and 
 altir having feen houfes lor abiut lix miles, tluycamc 
 10 one which was f.iid to he the lalt lh.it ci'uKl be 
 met with. The ni.dler preli.nlvd them with eocoa-mif 
 and olher fruit-, and they proceedid on their walk, 
 after a fhort ll.iy. I'iiey olt.ii p.iO'.d throii^li 
 vaults formed by rocky fragments in the couile ol 
 their jouni'V, in which, as ihey were told, bcni;;lued 
 travellers lometimislook fltelter. I'urfuing the lourfe 
 of the river about lix miles faillier, tiny I'oiind it 
 banked on both fides by rock .alinoll 100 fei t in lici 'hi, 
 and nearly perpendicular i aw.iy, however, might be 
 traced up thi le precipices, along whi«-h thiir Indian 
 guides would have mnducted thun, but they iLcliiied 
 the ofter as thire did not ajip.ar to beany thing at 
 the fummit which could repay them for the tiil and 
 dangers of afcending it. Mr. Binks fought tn v.iin 
 for minerals among the rocks, which were njktd al- 
 niod on all fides, but no mineral fubdancis were 
 found. The dones every where cxhibitid fi'ins of 
 having been burnr, which w:is the cafe ol all the dolus 
 that were loiind while they llaid at Ot.dieite, ;ind 
 both there anil in the neighbouring ill;rids the tr.;cisof 
 fire were evident in the clay upon the lulls. 
 
 A great quantity of the fieds of watcr-rr( Ion«i 
 or.inges, limes and other pl.ints, biought Iruni Rio de 
 Janeiro, were planted on lach fide of the fort, by .Mr. 
 Hanks, who .dfo plentifully fupplied the Iiuliars 
 with them, and planted many of them in the woods. 
 Some melons, the feeds of which h.\il been fmvn on the 
 fird arrival of the Knglidi at the illaiid, grew up .mi 
 flouridied before they left it. 
 
 Hy this time they began to think of m.iking prepa- 
 rations to depart ; hut Oama, Oberea, and their foii 
 and daughter vifilcd them before they were ready to 
 fail. As to the young woman ( .^hofe name w a» 'I'oi- 
 inata) (h- was curious to fee the fort, butO.ima would 
 not pi lit her to enter. The fon of VValuatua, 
 chief • : ;; fouth-ead peiiinfula, was alfo here at the 
 fame tim-' • and they were favoured with the company 
 of the Indi. n who had been fo dextrous as to deal the 
 quadrant, as above related. I'hc carpenters being 
 ordered to take down the g.itcs and palif.idoes of the 
 fort, to be converted into fire-wood for the Endea- 
 vour, one of the natives dole the daple and hook of 
 the gate ) he was purfued in vain, but the pnpcrty 
 was afterwards recovered, and returned to the owners 
 by Tubora Tumaida. 
 
 Before their departure, two circumftanccs happen- 
 ed which gave Captain Cook fome uncafinefs. 'I'he 
 fird was, that two foreign failors having been abroad^ 
 one of them was robbcil of his knife, which as he was 
 endeavouring to recover, he was dangeroully hurt with 
 a done by the natives, and his companion alfo re- 
 ceived a flight wound in the head. The otfeiiders 
 efcapcd, and the captain was not anxious to have 
 them taken, as he did not want to have any difputcs 
 with the Indians. Of the other matter we have the 
 following iiccount. — 
 
 T'wo young marines one night withdrew thcml'elvcs 
 from the fort, and in the morning weie not to be met 
 with. Notice having been given the next day that 
 the fliip would fail that or theenfiiing day j as they 
 did not return, Ciptain Cook l>egan to be apprrhen- 
 five that they defigned to remain on (horc j but as he 
 was apprifcci in fuch a cafe no eftedlual means could 
 be taken to recover them without running a rifqueof 
 dedroyingthe harmony fubfiding between the Englifli 
 and the natives, he relolved to waitaday, in hopes o( 
 C c c theif 
 
 .;f'. 
 
 m 
 
i8& 
 
 I 
 
 4ii 
 
 TlIE VOYAGE (3P 
 
 llifif returning of tlieir own accord. But at ihrjr 
 ' were Hill mining nn the loth in the mnrnin)!, an cn- 
 ouiry win mailc »llir thtm, when the Iniliiini declared 
 ihcy did not propoCc to rrtHrn, huvinn; taken rcluge 
 amonK the mountaini, where it wai impoflible for 
 them to he dil'rovered ; anil added, that each of them 
 li.id t^tken a MJt'e. in confi-quence of this, it wat iii- 
 liiiuti'd lu fi'veral of the chief> that were in the furt 
 %vith iheir women, that they would not be fuftcred 
 to quit it till the dcferters were produced. 'I'hry did 
 not (hew any lijcn* of fear or dilcontenl upon the oc- 
 cilion i but alfured the captain thai the pcrlons in 
 qiultion (hould be lent back. However, in the mean 
 lime, he fent Mr. Hicki with the pinnace to bring 
 'I'ooiahah on board the fliip, and he executed hit com- 
 miflion witliout civingany alarm. VVhen niglitcame 
 on, Oberea, Tybora I'urnaida, and fome othtrt, were 
 removed on board the Oiip, which greatly alarmed 
 Ihem all, and efpecially '.he female?, thefe latter tcf- 
 lifying their apprchcnliont with great agitation of 
 mind, and fliwdt of leart, wlien they were condud^ed 
 <in board. Captain Cook cfcorlcJ them ) but Mr. 
 Hanks remained on (bore with fome Indians whom he 
 thought it of lefs conl<.'(|Ucnce to detain. (Jiw of the 
 marines was brought back in the evening by fome of 
 the natives, who reported that the other, and the 
 f>«(i pgople tb.1t were fent to fetch them back, would 
 be detained while Ttfotahah wasconAned. On this, 
 Mr. Hicks wat immediately difpatched in the long- 
 boat, with fcvrral men, to refcuc theEnzlifh prifonersi 
 at thf fame time C.iptain Cook told 'I ootahah that it 
 t»-as incumbent on him to aflid them with fome of 
 his I'cc'pir, and to give orders in liis name that the 
 men (hould be let at liberty ; for that he would be 
 cx|)ciflcd to aiifwcr for the event. Tootahah immedi- 
 ately complying, this party releafed the men without 
 oppofitlon. They returned on the nth about feven in 
 the morning, but they did not bring their arms back 
 with tlicm ; thefc however being fent foon after, the 
 chiefs on board were allowed to return, and thofethat 
 had been detained on (horc were al(b let at liberty. 
 On examining the dcferters it appeared that the 
 Indians had told the truth, they having chofen two 
 girls, and would have remained with them at Ota- 
 hcite if they had not been brought back as above re- 
 lated. — 
 
 The power of Oberea was not fo great when Cap- 
 tain CiHik came to thefc parts as it was when the Dol- 
 phin firff difcovtred the ifland. The Engliih gen- 
 tlemen had ohlervcd all the way from her houfe to 
 the Moral, a great number of human bones. When 
 they a(ked what had occalioncd this circumflance, they 
 were told " That about four or five months bcfoic 
 the arrival of the Endeavour, the inhabitants of 
 Tinrrabou, the fouth-ead pcninfula h.id made a dc- 
 fcent, and llain many of the people, whofc bones were 
 tlinic which were (Ircwn along the fea-cuall i that 
 thereupon Oberea and Oama fled to the mountains, 
 anil that the viii^ors dettroycd all the houfes, and pil- 
 Itiqcd the country." It feems the turky and goofe 
 which Mr. Banks had feen in Marhiabu's dillri£t, were 
 not l#'i thc-rc b\ captain Wallis's people, but were 
 taken among the plunder from Obcrca's government. 
 As to thcj.iw-boncs, it fcemsthcy were preferved as 
 trophies, lieing looked u|>on in much the fame light 
 therein fcalps arc confidercd by the North-American 
 Indians. 
 
 Tupia, who had been prime minilterof the queen 
 when in the zenith of her power, had often exprelTed 
 adcfirc of going uith the Englifh. This Indian was 
 alfo intimately acquainted with the religion of the 
 iflanJer^, being himfelf the principal prieft in the 
 country, lieluies this, ho had'a knowledge of navi- 
 giition, and wa; acquainted v.ith thcfituation and in- 
 habitants of the neighbouring iflands. On Wedncfday 
 the 1 2 th he came on board with n boy about twelve years 
 ©f age, who was his fervant, wliole name was Taiyota, 
 and rcqucfVc'l that the Kcntlemen on hoard would let 
 him go with them, ("his being a^^rced to, Tupia 
 went eu (Lore fur the lalt time to bid farewell to his 
 
 friends, to whom he gnvt feveral bnubfrt, by way of 
 remenibrancr, at parting. 
 
 Captain Cook and Mr. Hanks wanting to obtain a 
 drawing of the Moral, wliich wat in the polKirion of 
 Tootahah, went to vifit himat Eparrr,aci ompaniedby 
 Dr. Solandcr, where thy were met by Oberea and fe- 
 vcral otheri. Tupia came b:ick with tbeni, and dipt on 
 board the (hip for the Hrit time, the Indian chiefs hav- 
 ing promifcd once more to vitit the gentlemen before 
 the vellel fct fail. 
 
 Accordingly, thefe friendly |>eople came on board on 
 inc joth, and a vail number uf canoes filled with In> 
 diant of the lower fort, furrouiuled the (hip. About 
 twelve, the captain weiffhed anchor, and notwitliAand- 
 ing all the little milunuerllandings that had happened 
 between thu Knglilhand the n.'xiives, who were treated 
 fumetimet |>crliap« too Irverely, yet ilir latter, wli9 
 
 Iiofli'llcd a great fund of good-nature and iruch fenfi- 
 lility, took their leave weeping in an atfe^ting man- 
 ner. At to Tupia, he felt the fcene, but wiin more 
 fortitude than his countrymen i though it might feeni 
 that he had the mof) caulc for weeping, he fupprcdcd 
 the darting tiar, and going to tlie mall-head with Mr. 
 Banks, took a lalt farewell of his country .—Kor 
 the entertainment of the curious reader, we (hall here 
 give a fummary account of what has been remarked 
 by the voyagers who vifitcd this iHaiKl, which is to the 
 following purport :— 
 
 " The people arc in general of a larger make than 
 thi Europeans. The males are moftly tall, robuil. Further d*- 
 and finely (haped ; the women of the higher clafs, in fcripiion ol 
 general are rather above the fizcof thole in England jOianciu, 
 nut it is remarkable that thofc of the lower rank are 
 below our Aandard, and fome of them are very (hort. 
 'I'heir natural complexion is a line clear otivc,or what 
 we call a imnttlt ; their (kin it delicately fmooth and 
 agreeably foft. Tlieir faces in general arc handfome, 
 and their eyes are full of fenfibility. I'hcir teeth are 
 remarkably white and regular, and their breath it in- 
 tircly free from any difagreeable fmell ; their hair it 
 for the maill part black. The men, unlike the at»- 
 riginti of America, have long beards, which thejr 
 wear in various forms ) and circumcifion is gcnerallj^ 
 pra£ti(cd among them from a motive of cleanlineft* 
 wliich is carried fo far, that they have a term of re- 
 proach with which they upbraid thofc among them 
 who do not adopt this ciiltom. Both fexes always 
 er.idicatc the hair from their arm-pits, .ind they often 
 took ujion them to charge the £ngli(h gentlemen with 
 want of cleanlinefs, for not making uli- of the fame 
 method. 7'heir motions are eafy and graceful, and 
 thcii behaviour when unprovoked (as the reader hat 
 lecn) affable and courteous. Contrary to the cuOom 
 of moll other nations, the women of this country 
 cut their hair quite (hort, whereas the men wear it 
 long, (bmctimes hanging loofi: upon the (houlders, 
 and at other times tiedin a knot on the crown of the 
 held, in which they (lick the feathers of birds of va. 
 rious colours. 
 
 *' A piece of doth of the manufai^ure of the coun- 
 try it frequently tied round the heads of both fexcs, 
 in tlicmanner of a turban i and the women take paint 
 to plait human hair into long (Irings, which being 
 folded into branches, arc tied on the forehead by 
 way of ornament. They have a](b a oftom (not pc< 
 culiar to them, but pra<flifed in many of the hot coun- 
 tries) of anointing their hair with cocoa-nut oilj 
 the fmell of which is not very agreeable ; and having 
 no fort of combs among their various inventions, 
 they were infefted with vermin, which however they 
 quickly got rid of as fbon as they were furniflicd by 
 the Europeans with thefe convenient inllruments. 
 
 " The people of this illand (lain their bodies by 
 indenting or pricking the flelh with a fmall inllrument 
 made of bone, cut into Ihort teeth ; which indent- 
 ures they (ill with a dark blue or blackilh mixture, 
 prepared from the fmoke of an oily nut (burnt by thcn^ 
 inftead of candles) and water; this operation, i\hich 
 is called by the natives I'at.iowing, is execcdinely 
 painful, and leaves an indelible mark on the (km. 
 
 6 ix 
 
CAPTAIN COO k. 
 
 i»7 
 
 way of 
 
 itiin a 
 rion of 
 
 inii Ic- 
 lipi on 
 U luv- 
 I Man 
 
 oard on 
 ith In- 
 About 
 liAand' 
 ipprned 
 ; (rratc4 
 r, wh» 
 h fcnr\- 
 
 i|( V.-JM- 
 
 in more 
 ;ht (rem 
 ppriflc4 
 nth Mr. 
 
 For 
 
 lall here 
 cmarkcd 
 is to the 
 
 ike than 
 
 robulf. Further d«- 
 :lu|j, in (cripiion of 
 ngland i OUImu, 
 rank arc 
 ry fltort. 
 lUr what 
 rath ami 
 nifomtf 
 teeth are 
 th it in- 
 r hair i* 
 the at»- 
 ch they 
 
 ilincff, 
 
 of rc- 
 
 , thcni 
 
 jlwajrs 
 often 
 
 I with 
 fame 
 
 I and 
 ader has 
 : cuftom 
 country 
 wear it 
 oulders, 
 
 of the 
 
 uf va- 
 
 rcoun- 
 
 fcxcs. 
 
 Ice paint 
 
 being 
 
 cad by 
 not pc« 
 : coun- 
 ut oil 1 
 
 having 
 ntions, 
 cr they 
 nicd by 
 ts. 
 ■dies by 
 
 umcnt 
 
 ndent- 
 
 ixturc, 
 ly thcn^ 
 
 uhich 
 
 dinely 
 
 : ftTn. 
 It 
 
 It ii ufiially performed whrn tliry arc .ibout fen or 
 twelve years of agf, ami on dirtirnit I'.irts ol iht bo- 
 dy I but lho(f winch luft'cr rnnlt (iviTrly an' tl"' briTch 
 and ilu' liiinn, whiih are marked with iirilits, rartiiil 
 one above aiiollur a conliderablu wiy up iIh' hack. 
 At tin' operation i ( taiaDwina pertiirintd upDU the 
 poUi'riors uf a j>irl about twelve ye.if. of aj;e, Mr, 
 liaiikt w.is pri.fenl ; it wa<t executed with an inftru- 
 ment that had twenty teeth, and at each llroke, wliii'.! 
 was repeated every nii>ment, leriiui mixed with blood 
 ill'iied. She bore It with treat refidiitiun for fcveral 
 ininutcs ) but at length ine pain became Co intole- 
 rable, that (he murmured and complaintd, and then 
 burll into the inort violint lanicntaiioMi ; but her ope- 
 rator wa» inexorable, whilU f >me fcinalet prcfent chid, 
 and even beat her; Mr. Banks was a fpccVator for 
 near an hour, durino; which time it wa* performed 
 only on one fide, trie other having undergone the 
 ceremony fome time before j and the arches upon the 
 loins, which are the moft painful, but which they 
 moft value, were yet to be made. — Tlfry cloaih thcm- 
 felves in cloth and inatting of various kinds ; the 
 fjrft they we:'!- in fair, tlie latter in wet wcatlier. 
 They are In dilVerent form?, no (hapc being prufcrved 
 in them, nor arc the pieces fewed toitcthcr. The 
 women of a fuperior clafs wear three or four pieces. 
 One which is of confidcrable length, they wrap 
 fevcr-il times round their waift, and it falls down to 
 the middle of the leg. Two or three other (hort 
 pieces, with a hole cut in the middle of each, are 
 placed on one another, and their heads coming 
 through the holes, the long ends hang before and be- 
 hind, both fides being open, by which means they 
 have the free ufe of their arms. The mens drefs is 
 very fimilar, differing only in one iiiKance which is 
 that partof the garment, indead of falling below the 
 knees is brought between the legs. This drefs is 
 worn by all ranks of people, the only diftindHon be- 
 ing quantity in the fuperior clafs. At noon both 
 fexes appear almoft naked, wearing only the piece of 
 cloth that is tied round the waift. 'I heir faces arc 
 (haded from the fun with fmall bonnets, made of co- 
 coa-nut leaves or matting, which are conllruAeil in a 
 few minutes. The men fometimcs wear a fort of 
 wie made of human or dog's hair, or of cocoa-nut 
 firings, woven on a Angle thread, which is fattened 
 under their hair, and hangs down behind. Both men 
 and women wear ear-rings on one fide, confillingof 
 ibclls, ftones, berries, or fmall pearls i but they foon 
 
 fave the preference to the beads, brought by the £n- 
 eavour't company. The boys and girls go quite 
 naked ; the firu till they are feven or eight years old ; 
 the latter till they are about five. Their houfes, 
 which have been dcfcribed already, they feldom ufe 
 but to flcep in, or to avoid the rain, as they eat in 
 the open air, under the fhade of a tree. Their cloaths 
 fervc them at night for covering, and there are no di- 
 vifions or apartments. The mafter and his wife repofe 
 in the middle, then the married |)coplc ) next to thefe 
 the unmarried females, and at a fmall diflance the 
 men who are unmarried} and thefervants (leep in the 
 open air in fair weather. The houfes of the chiefs, 
 however, differ in fome degree j there arc fome very 
 fmall, and fo built as to be carried in canoes ; all fides 
 of them are inclofcd with the leaves of the cocoa-nut ; 
 the air neverthclefs penetrates : in thefe the chief and 
 his wife alone fleep. There are alfo houfes which are 
 general receptacles for the inhabitants of a diftri^. 
 Thefe are much larger, many being more than 200 
 fixt in length, 40 in breadth, and 70 or 80 feet high. 
 They are conllruAed at the common expence, and 
 have an area on one fide, furrounded with low pali 
 fadoes : but like the others have no walls. 
 
 'I When a chief kills a hog, which is but feldom, he 
 divides it equally among his valfals ; do^s and fowls 
 are more common. When the bread-fruit is not in 
 feafon, they are fupplied by cocoa-nuts, bananas, 
 plaiitains, ice. Their cookery confills chiefly of 
 baking, the manner of doing wnich has been already 
 dcfcribed. They balce their bread-fruit in the fame 
 
 way, which render* it frmrihin;; like ,t n't. Iv pd^.- 
 tiic I 1)1 lh>^ fruit three difhc« ar'- i.i, Ji', b\ I '>>ii{ it 
 til .< palle, and miMiif it "h h..n. r..-.,' 1 iit.ri < 
 11: nrpalfr, whith the n.ur 1 s i'<i;niiinte j ./'». 
 
 1 h'. paUc is made b;, f .hiiir bri..il-iri i wli'- . I» 
 lint thoroughly ri|ie, ai.'l Lvny i^ m ' 1, i> .>'i I 
 Willi leavi<i, by \shich 11 .-(i. it li'i. , th ore n 
 thill taken out, and thv (ruii piilin'.', ' jIc I i.e '.villi 
 gr..rs ( it \i th-n again co\ind v ': 1e.iv"«, iijxm 
 which laige ttoin 4 are i'!acril j {'., ■ >dii,'.» ' .on I 
 lertiientatiop, :ifi,'r which it jirovAs inir, and iiii!?i - 
 i;oe, i.ii chai'j'e lor a liiiic; lime : i'hv tnkr it In 11 
 ihi> hole as tlv y have rcc.ifioii foi and ni.il." it iiitu 
 baIN, it is rollid up in pliT.t.iin ! i.es, aid h l.ul | 
 as it will k. I lor I 'n-.c w\-ets a it. 1 it isdreli' ^, ili / 
 eat it both hot and lold. Such is the food 't tliile 
 people, Itieir faucc to wliieli ni'v, r tiiilids ot any 
 thing but f.ilt walir. As to the ir drink, it i. '•rue.' 
 rally cunfiiKd to water, or the n.ilk olthi- c 'coa iiut« 
 though there veie iiilfjiicis in which Con i if ilieni 
 drank fo finly of the Kii.;li(h liijiiors as o Iv c( nio 
 iiuitc intoxic.-.tcd. 'I'hij, liowLvcr, (.■ in d lo proceed 
 more from i,L'norai)ce than dili;:n, it they wire nivir 
 known to piactice a debauch of this liiu! a f. coiid 
 time. They were told iiulied ili it thi' cliii fs frnie- 
 linies lieeame iiiebiiatrd by drilikitv; the juice of a 
 plant called .\\a; but of this they"^ fiw no ind.ince 
 duriiiir the time they remained on tlie iflai'l. 1 he 
 chief gencr.illy eats ak'iie, unlefs wheniiliied ly ,1 
 Itrangcr, who is loinelimes permit'.'dilo bres'i-.c J 
 fecoiid inihenul's. Having notlinir to (ii'>|ily the 
 want of a table, they fit on the ;.;roiind in the I'l.u'e ; 
 leaves of trees being fpiead bilore them, (crve as 11 
 table-cloth : their attendants, who rre rinicrou', 
 having placed a biflici by fhechiifs, cont.iiniiijr tloir 
 provilions and a cocoa-nut fhell of fiefli and f..!t w.iti r, 
 let themfelves around j tluy tluii bepin by m ulhjii; 
 their mouths and hands, alti r which they eat a h.^ul-' 
 ful of bread-fruit and (ifh, ilipt in fait water alter- 
 nately, till the whole is confumij, tikin'^ a flip of 
 fait water like wife between almoK every miVfi I. 'I he 
 bread-fruit and fifh being all eaten, they next liavi 
 either plantains or apples., which they never lat « ith- 
 out being pared. Uurin;^ this time :i foft p.ille is pre- 
 pared from the bread-fruit, wliiehlhev (up out of cocoa- 
 nut fhells} this finiflies the meal, and the hands and 
 mouth arc apinwafhed as at the be^innimj. 'I'hey 
 eat an aftonifhing quantity of food at a ii'l-al 1 Mi. 
 Banks and fome other gentlemen law one of them de- 
 vour three fifh of the fize of a middling carp, four 
 bread-fruits, as large as a common melon j thirteen or 
 fourteen plantains, feven or eight inches loii^, ;inJ 
 above half as big lound, and a'jout a qiinrt of the 
 pafle made of bread-fruit. The inhabitants of this 
 ifland, though apparently fo fond of tlie pleafurcs of 
 fociety, have yet an averfion to holding nny inters 
 courfc with each other at their meals j and they arc 
 fo rigid in the obfcrvation of this cuftom that brothers 
 and fiflers have their feparate b.idcets to contain their 
 provifions, and generally fit at the difhinee of fjn-.c 
 yards when they eat, with their backs on each other, 
 and not exchanging a word during the whole time tf 
 ihcir repafl ; the middle-aged of fujierior rank, ufiuilly 
 po to fleep after dinner, but what is remarkable, the 
 older people arc not fo indolent, but mufio, dancing, 
 wreftling, and (hooting with the bow, cr throwin-' the 
 lance, conftitutc a chief part of their divcrfions. l-'Futes 
 and drums are formed of a circular piece of w ood, 
 hollow only at one end, this is covered with the (kin 
 of a fhark, inftcad of a flirk. The lbn;;s of the 
 iflanders arc txttmbtrt, and frequentiv in rhiinr, but 
 they confid only of two lin.s. Thefe arc often cou- 
 plets rchcarfed by way of evening amufcments, be- 
 tween fun-fct and bed time, during which interval 
 they burn candles made from an oily nut, fixing 
 them one above another upon a fmall ifick that is run 
 through the middle ) fome of thefe candles afford a 
 pretty good light, and arc known to burn for a long 
 time. They have a dance called Timorodce, which 
 Is generally performed by ten or a dozen young fc- 
 
 >rf«» 
 
 .'■fe^:- 
 
' ,11 
 
 t8< 
 
 i;6i) 
 
 THE V O V A (; E OF 
 
 mjlv«, who ptil ihcmfilif* iiitu the iiioll wanii'ii at- 
 liiutli'-, k't|>iii)t linu' i! iiini; thv lurlniiiuiac w>ih 
 the );ri'4iill nliiry aiiJ rx.icliuln. I'li'gii.int Wuiiicii 
 arc ixcIikK'J Iiihii thcfi' il.iiict''. * 
 
 " i'crliiiul cl>..iiiliiuU ID much cllcemtii ininii.'t 
 ihrfc lnitiiin». Ilnth ft x<^ arc |>.irlii.'iiUr in wilhiii^ 
 ihrcv timet .1 >l.iy, vi/. whvii ihcy rile 111 the ini>riiiii;^, 
 It noon, and iKliirc ihcy gu to nil. Tlicy an- .illn 
 vrry i-le:iiily in thiir iftuiln, fo that iM iJilu^'rn..il)U 
 rffliivi.i itrr hMinJ to arifc in the Ur^flt cnininiinitiek. 
 
 '* Cloth i^ thi' cliii'l' m.iniir.idiirc ij| Ut.ihritr, aiiJ. 
 i>l ihit tht'ii' .lie lliric rurt«, all yshicli ;ire in.dc mil 
 ol the li.iik ot Jirfirinl trec<, luinily, the mulhi-rrvi 
 till' l)ri.ul-liuit, ami u tree vvhii li Innrk liiiic rcliin- 
 hl.iiicc to ilKWitl-lnJum will! Hk-Iici'. TheHrrtot 
 thcl'e priHlucct tile liiielt cluth, »Tiieh islilJuin wniii 
 liiitbv ih'ifi •;(■ thefiillrank. '['hi next lort is m»ilr ul 
 ll.chrelil-tMiit tivi' anJthf \M\ ul tli.it whii.li refimlile* 
 the uiliJ riu;-tree. lint this Ijli |i>rt, iIiuul'M ihero.uleti 
 i« leirci-r ili.in the «th.'r t a(i, w IiicIi arc in.iiiiiUt tiind 
 only in lin.ill (|tiantitiev as thel.inie nunner \* iite>l in 
 iii.inuljclurinj; ill ihil'e tl"th^. [The lnlUiwing lie- 
 firiptinn will liilfn..' (or thi- leader's inturm.itidn. | 
 
 '* The h.iik dI' the tree hcing l!rip|Kd orf', ii lii.ikcd 
 ill wjt r |(ii two or three d.iv- ( they ihtn t.ike itiuit, 
 .iiul lip.irate the inner h:iik ironi the external ecut, liy 
 Krapiiig it w ilh a (hi II, al'ler whieh it i> ipiead oui 
 (.11 pl.iniain leaver, plaeing two or three layers over 
 one another, care heini: i.ikeii tu make it ol an etjual 
 
 liieKiiels in I 
 
 ry par 
 
 111 this Ihiic it eoniinncs till 
 
 il i> aliiiiilt dry, when it adheres (u lirnily thai it mav 
 It taken I'rom the |;round without bieakiMg. rtliii 
 ilii, plo^ef^, it Is laid cm a Iniooth board, and benteii 
 w itii an inllruinent made f 1 r the piirpoi'j, , if the com- 
 
 J' 
 { 
 
 a, he 
 
 ' wood cilled Kki.1. The iniftuinmt 
 
 I'll. teen iiiehcs loii'i 
 
 isatii.ut 
 and about I'ev.n in tircuii.le- 
 iii c.' i is ofa qu.ulraiigular Ihape, and each oi (he tour 
 lides ik marked with longitu<liiial t;roovts or furrows, 
 dilKering in ilns inftancr, th it thnc is a regular graila- 
 t inn in the width aiidilepih of the gioovespiieaihof the 
 Tides; the eo.irlVr fide not enntainin^ more th.in ten 
 of tliel'c fill rows, wli.le the hiicit Is luinifhed with 
 
 .ibi.\c titi 
 
 It is with tliat lide of ihe "nallet where 
 
 the troo\js arc dvejii (I and wnlell that tlicy bii;iii u 
 beat their cloth, and proceeding; rei;ularlv, tinifli with 
 that which lias the gri.iteil iiuinbei. Uy this Ixatiii", 
 the cloth is cxteiiiled in a manner I'miilar to the i^idtt 
 
 that is formed into leaviN by the lianiii 
 
 and It IS 
 
 alfo marked with fiiiall thaiuiels refiniblinj; thofe 
 which are vifible in jiiper, but rathei deeper j it is in 
 pcneial beat very thin ; when ihey want it thicker than 
 common, they take two or three pieces and palJe 
 them tofjether with a kind of glue prepared from a 
 root c.ilLiI pi-n. 
 
 'I'lli^ I Inih becomes exceedingly white by blcachins, 
 am! is diid of a red, yellow, blown or black colour; 
 the t'lrll is excecilin;^ lx;autifiil, and equal, if not lu- 
 jRii.ir to any in Lurnpe. They make the red colour 
 from a mixture of ihe juices of two veuetables, nei- 
 ther of which ufed fepaiatcly has this ell'tet : matting 
 of variou.> kiiid^ is another confiderable nianufadure 
 in which they excel, in many rcl'|ice'ts, the Europe- 
 ans. They m.ike uli; of the coarfer fort to flcep on, 
 and in wet wealher ihcy wear the finer. They excel 
 in the br.flat and wicker work ; both men and women 
 employ ihemfelvcs at it, and can make a great number 
 of difterent patterns. They make ropes and lines of 
 iill fizes of the bark of the I'ocrou, and their nets for 
 fifhini; are m.iileof lliefe lines; the fibres of the cocoa- 
 nut they make thread of, lueh as they ufe to fallen 
 together the feveral parts of their canoes ; the forms 
 
 • (ii-,- < f tlic Moifl cunr-ni": of til:- (.enplc of Otjlu-ilc» is ihar 
 Witicii l.-vcinl (tf ilie piir.cipal pcojlenf lite iflatui I .vc ^.dfip'nl 
 ot vinii' i; in an airDciaiiiin, vel-crcin no woman contincs Iieifclf 
 to anv (^^liicuUr man, bv whi.'h mciiti.j iticv obtain a |<tpctual 
 fiKictv. 'rlicfc i'.^citiiti arc caiicJ Arrcoy. 'i'lic mentlicrs have 
 mee-irp? wlicic t!ic mm amufc ilicinlclvcs with ivrelllip):,.(ii<l 
 tlic wnincn f'anfc liic 'rMr.f,ro''tc ir. I'licli a manner a^ ih mod liktly j 
 to cxciic tlic ilelirei uf the uilier Ici, and which were frcqucutly I 
 
 of which air vaiir.iis, acoordiii.! to the ufe to wliiti' 
 they ate :ipplied. I luir lilhiiy lines aii dleili.id ilia 
 Ultiii ihe w>iild, inatle 1)1 iIk- baik i>l ih" 1 loit.i, a 
 kiiidol iiilttc which uiows on ihe iiioiini.ioi ; thiy 
 are ilioiig eimugli to hold ilu It.avicK aii.l nioit viy«> 
 luus hlh, lueh atboiieiiaf and altiicoKs, in Hi. [t,lli>f 
 are eitreinely iii^eiiiuu* ill cyery c)i|H'iliciil lui taking 
 all kiiid«ol lilh. 
 
 •* I'Ik IooIh which thcfv people tnake ufe of furbuiM< 
 iiijyhoulei, cunllnieliiij; caiiiHs, hewing Ituiits, ajid 
 lor lelliny, cleayiui,, i.iivin^ and ptdiliiiilg liilibe:, 
 conliltk ol nnthiii,' more ih.iii'an ail/.eol Itoix , aiij it 
 ehilli I of bone, niult commonly that uf a man's arm | 
 and lor a lilc or polilhei, tJicy iiiuk* ulc v( a rafp ol' 
 coral and coral land. 
 
 " Tlie bUdcsol iJiiir atl/et .trcrxlrcmrly l(Higlt,but 
 not nry haid i they make them of vatioii, n/i ., iholi 
 loi lelling wood, wci^h fix or leveii pmiiuls, aii4 
 >>ther> which are ufed lot carving', only a lew ounce* ; 
 Ihey aiu obliged every minute 10 Ih.'rpen tliciii on a 
 llone, which is alwayn kipt near them h r that piit- 
 pole. 'i he iiudt diUieiilt talk ihey meet mill in iho 
 iiie of thefc tools, is the fell mg of a tiee, which tm- 
 ploysagreai liiiiiiberof h iiidi. tor feveral il.ns t.^gclhir. 
 I he tree whieh isingUKral ule is called ./..,, ihi Item 
 ol whidi i>, llr.iii and t.ill. S<iiiie ot their Inmllu bo^K 
 arc m.ulv ol the hreail-fiuit tree, whuh is Wiought 
 without much dilfieiilty, being of a light liiun^r 
 nature. Inlt.ad of planes they ufe their ad/es u iia 
 griat (lexieiiiy. TIkii c.iiiihs .lie .ill Ihapid wiihihc 
 hand, the Imlians nni being aci|u>oiititl wuh the iiic- 
 tliod ol Warping a plank. 
 
 " Ihcy ha', e two kinds of canoes ( one they call 
 hhihaht, the other pnhiti j the fotiner is iiled lor Ihort 
 voyages at lea, and the latter for Ion;; ones, I hele 
 boatu do not ditl'er either in fliapc 01 li'/e, but they 
 are in nodei^ree proportionate, being lioni fixty to 
 feventy feet in leiigih, and not more than the iliir- 
 tielh part in breadth. Some ,iie em|>loyed in g<>iiig 
 Iroin one ifl.md to another, and oihrrs uf d loi lilhin^. 
 I lute Is alto the Iv.di.ili, which leivcs for war; 
 ihcfe aieby fai the longell, and the hi-ad and Hern are 
 cunlideialilv .,bove ihe Uidy. Thule ivah.ilu arc faf- 
 teiud tcyitlier, fide by fide when they go to lia, at the 
 ililtanee of a le>\ leet, by llroiij^ woiidin pole.s, wli.ch 
 are laid acii.fs them ami joined to each fule. A ll-'gc 
 or platform is railed on the fore pan, about tenor 
 twelve tett long, upon which lland the fiL;hiing-inen, 
 whole niulile weapons are llingsaiid fpe.irs. Jjencath 
 thcfe il.i^es ilic towels iii, who fiipply the pl.tce of 
 thofe who aie wounded. The liiliing Ivahahs are 
 from iliriy or forty to ten feet in Ungtli, and thofe 
 for tiayellinj; have a fiiiall hoiifu fixed on board, 
 which is faltentd upon the fore-part, for the b-ticr 
 accommodation of pcrfoiis of rank, who occupy them 
 both day and night. The paliics dilier alio in fizc« 
 being from fixty to fcvt^iity feet long, tluy arc alf* 
 very narrow, and are fonictimes ufed tor Agliting, hut 
 cliii fly for long voyages. In going from one illaiid 
 to another, they are out fometime.su month, and often 
 at lea a fortnight or twi my ilays, and if ihey had con- 
 venience to ftovv more protifiuns, they could /fay out 
 much longer. 
 
 'I'hefe veflbls are very ufeful in landiag, and put- 
 ting ofi'from the llioie in a furf, for by their great 
 len^'th and high (Urn they landed dry, when the tu- 
 dcavour's boats could fearcely land at all. 
 
 They are very curious in the conllruclion of thcfe 
 boats, the chiet^parts or pieces whereof are formed fe- 
 parately without either law, plane, chill'el, or any 
 other iron tool, which renders their fabrication more 
 
 furprifing 
 
 gratiiitil in ilie airtnildy. A niuok wOrfc prailict is eliecanfc- 
 (piciicc fit tlii>. Ii ar.' of the women provu with chi!.., ;lti: iu- 
 f.int i< (IcOoncd, unlcfs the mother'-, natural alTLfliun (h.iu!4 
 proail leiih her to iircfcrit its life, wliifli, howtur is lorlci'td 
 uiilils Ih.' can p.ocurt a man to a(i<pt it. .Ami whurc llir fiic 
 ccccl. ill ihis, Ihc i» cx|«lled from ihs fnciet being calliil 
 Wliaiinovvrovv, wi.ieli ligmllcj 1 burcr of ehiicJicii, bv way 
 ofrcpiiiach. 7 
 
CAPTAIN COOK. 
 
 iffi) 
 
 (lie 
 
 .ge 
 or 
 .11, 
 
 •of 
 
 are 
 
 Itule 
 
 ILIB 
 
 ize, 
 
 hut 
 I lid 
 icn 
 >n» 
 
 It* 
 
 fbrprifinf; «nd wnrthy obfcrv.iiinn. 1 hrfc partt KinR 
 prcpiretl, thrktxl ithxnl upon bincki, and thcpUiik« 
 •re fupportcd witli prupt, oil (hey arr Icwcd or jfiinrd 
 together with llrnng plaited thongn, which arc n.illrd 
 (cvcral limci ihroufrh huln horn! with a cliillcl of 
 bonr, I'uch at they cummunly make ufcuf, and when 
 finilhrd, thry are fuAcirnily tight without r.iulking. 
 I'hey keep thtfc boats with great care in a kind i>t 
 flicd, built on piirpolc lu contain ilicm. Mr. Hinkt 
 and Dr. Sulandcr were at a lufi to find nut their 
 method of dividing time, thry alwayi nude ufc of the 
 term Malama, which fignifiea the inuon, whenever ihcy 
 funke of lime, cither pall or to come, thcv reckon 
 thirteen of thefc niooni, beginning again when they 
 •re expind. Thii provci that they have Tome idea of 
 the folar year ( but thefe gentlemen could not dil'covcr 
 how they computed their monthi, to make thirteen 
 eoual to the year, ai they faid thefe months ^-onfilU'd 
 of twenty-nine davi, one dav >n which the moon was 
 invifible being included. They, however, knew the 
 prevailing weather that was to be expeclcd, as well as 
 the fruita which would be in feal'on. As to the day, 
 they divide it into twelve ei^ual parts, fix of which 
 belong to the day, and the other fix to the night. 
 iVIicn they numerate, they reckon from one to ten, 
 making ulc of their fingers, and changing h.-«nds, till 
 they came to the number which they intended to ex- 
 prcli i and Joining cxprellivc figns to their words, in 
 the courfe of their converi'ation. Uut they arc not fo 
 expert in meafuring diliancts, for when they attempt 
 dcicribing the fpace between one place and another, 
 they arc obliged to cxpieft it by the time that would 
 be taken in paffing it, 
 
 ** With rcgara to their 1angiia);r, it is foft, as it 
 abounds with vowels, and eafy to be pronounced ; hut 
 very few of their nouns or verbs being decliiieable, it 
 mull confcqucntly be rather imperfect. However, they 
 found means to bic mutually uiidcrllood without much 
 difficulty. • 
 
 ** The natives of this country are feldom affliilcd 
 with anv difeafcs except fometimes an aceidenta' fit of 
 the chofic ■, but they arc fubjcil to the crifypelas, at- 
 tended with cutaneous eruptions fumewhat rciem- 
 bling the leprofy ; and if they have it to any coii- 
 fiderablc degree, they are excluded from iucKly and 
 live alone, in a fmall houfc in fome unfreouented part 
 ofthcinand. The management of the lick belongs 
 to the pricflf, whofe method ot'cureconfilhgrncrally 
 of prayers and ceremonies, which arc repeateatill they 
 recover oi die. If the former happens, it is attributed 
 to their mode of proceeding i if the patient dies, then 
 they urge that the difeafe was incurable. 
 
 *' 'rhc religion of thefe iflandets appears to be very 
 myfteiious; and as the language adapted to it, was 
 dittercnt from that which was (poken on other occa- 
 fioiis, the Englifli were not able to gain much know- 
 ledge of it. I'upia, who gave them all the informa- 
 tion that they got in regard to this particular, inform- 
 ed them. That his countrymen imagined every thing 
 in the creation to proceed from the coniunoion uf 
 two perfon;. One of thefe two firft being (the fu- 
 prcmc deity) they called 7'aroataihctoomo, and the 
 other Tapapa } and the year which they call Tettow- 
 matatayo, they fuppofe to be the daughter of tliefe 
 two> They alfo imagine an inferior lort of deities. 
 
 Vol. I. N^iy. 
 
 * Tlie fullowiog fpcc 
 fnrm loine noiion of ih« 
 
 Aliiint, awtman 
 
 Aiotu, Me cut 
 Arte, a €ii'"f 
 Aoiiiii, tt'Jjy 
 An\, watrt 
 Ealioo, ihr Ktfr 
 Eatvuw, fjcilj 
 F.i p, /• ral 
 F.cyo, fo€\ y9u 
 Eniuio, /s Am ' 
 
 £(■"1 • a dium '-■. f 
 
 Ef.<;entt, till ni% 
 E^lie, »J*"t 
 
 imen will pofTilily cniMe the ictJcr lo 
 
 Krowio*, «*' ^f^i 
 
 Hualictntt < »t*Jt 
 
 liopi, M/jJ 
 
 Kxfoo tmetm\\tt,atk»»itr-fu 
 
 M>li>iit, « ijf 
 
 Marrouwhait dry 
 
 Maiau, llu tjtt 
 
 Mstu luali, /< iie 
 
 Ma) DTCDce, '• /■' tU 
 
 Mcvoooo, (<' Mill 
 
 Midec, a ckid 
 
 Mutct. a k'Jt 
 
 M\iy, g9Qd 
 
 N»hcco, ^«cJ tti^ht 
 
 known l>y itie "imf of F.atii.u, I wo ol wlhini, tiny 
 fav, foriiiirly mhahiied the e.itili, and ih.y liipp^li.- 
 ih.it the liill man aiul uotii.iii lUrniiili.l Imin iln in. 
 The Siiprrmc Ucini; th«-y llylr " Ihi' tjudi ofrailh- 
 quakek t" but moii- (rci|miilly aiMrilH ihi^r prayers 
 lo Taiir, whom thry coiitiiM to k' :i f n ol ihr liill 
 progenitors III nature. T i V b.lieve in ihiixilUnee 
 ol till- luul III a kparale llair, ami Iu|>|>mIi- ihit tli.ic 
 ail- two lilualioni .liHcnii;' in the di^iecs "I h.ippiii' I-., 
 which they eoiiliiler a» reei ptai li» Inr diH'eriiit iiiikv, 
 but nut M places of lew.ii.N and piininiment>. Their 
 notion is, that the ehiels niiil principal people will 
 have the prclercntc to thofc of lower lanks. l''or as 
 to their actions thry cannot ronciivc thcni lo inflii- 
 rnce their lutuie Hate, as tliey hilhM'ihc iKity l.ikcs 
 no cognizance of them. The office ol prie(M» here- 
 ditary i (here arc feveral of them of all ranki : thu 
 chid is rel|KClcd next to their kingi ; .iiul thiy :ire in 
 general fupenor tu the natives, not only in point of 
 Oivinc knowleil^r, biitalfuiii that of altiononiy .uid 
 navigation. They are not at all conciriicd wiih tl.u 
 ceremony of marria^", which it only a fimple a^Tie- 
 ment between the man and the wuinaii, e.nd when 
 they chufe to fcparate, the matter is accomplilhcd 
 with as little ceremony as was ihoujlit iiecdl.iry lo 
 bring them together. Thel'e people i!o not appear lo 
 worlnip images ol any kind j but they ejiitr ihrir 
 Morais with great awe ami hunii!ilv,lheir biMlies bcinff 
 uncovered to the wailt when they bring their oH'erii-.^ 
 to the altar. 
 
 '• As to their form of government, there is a fort 
 ol fiibordinatinn among tliem which rclenibles the 
 early llate of all th.- natioiia of I'.uropc when under 
 the feudal fyflem, which rrierved authority lo a rniall 
 number, putting the reft iiitirely in their power. The 
 ranks of the people of this ifland were thefe, Eireo 
 Rahic, fignifyinga king or fuprcme governor ; Kar.e, 
 anfwering to the title of baron ; Maniiahounies, lo 
 that of vafl'al i and Tuutou, under which n.unc was 
 included the lowed orders of the people. Inch as Mi 
 called villains according to the old law term. The 
 Earec Rahie, of which there are two here, one be- 
 longing to each peninl'ula, had great relpe^l flieua 
 them by all ranks. The Earees arc lonis of one or 
 more of the dillri^i, into which thtl'e guvcrimients 
 are divided I and they feparate their territories into 
 lots, which are given among the Manahoonies, 
 who refpe^ivcly cultivate the Dure thai' they I old 
 under the baron. But they arc only nominal culti- 
 vator* ; this, as well as all other l.iborioiis work, 
 bringdone by the Toutou, or lower clafs of the people. 
 The fovercign, or Karee Rahic, and the baron, or 
 Earee are luccccded in titles and honours by their 
 children, as foon as they arc born ; but their cdates 
 remain in their polTeOion, and fulijei5l to the manage- 
 ment of their parents. Every dillrici under the com- 
 mand of an Earee furnifties a proportionate numlxrr 
 of fighting men, for the defence of tlic common 
 caufe, in cafe of a general attack ; and they are all 
 fuhjeil to the command of the Earee Rahic. The 
 number of fighting men furniflied by the principal 
 diftriiSls, amounted (according to 'I'upia's account) 
 to upwards of 6ooo. Their weapons, as wc have al- 
 ready obl'erved, confill of flings, with which they 
 are very dextrous, and of long clubs, remarkably 
 D d d hard. 
 
 I -(7 
 
 Oliotx)!, fc-mrrreiy 
 l>owhaU( tfif thighs 
 Orc*(tcliat\i« ainrtr nail 
 l)(e*cciec«, a f'mall nuii 
 Otaowa, jtfjlciJjf 
 Pahie. ajbip 
 Paraueit ajtirt 
 Poa, (I nijiht 
 Poe, ear-rh(:s 
 Tanc, a hujhanJ 
 
 Tatta xc Jiomannrc maitai, 
 
 (;«./. ff(i/urf(/ ferjcn 
 Tci), iphife 
 Ttmi, « hnjhfr 
 Toualieine, a JiJ^er 
 Tnoarahoc, yoti and J 
 Toonoah, a mo/^ in the Jkin 
 Tumatau, a hcnnet 
 Wahua, /ire 
 
 Ic U umaikalile that the |«op1c of OtahcitCt Rndins ^ren 
 tlifficultv in prnnouncinp Engliftt name?, inftitutei! other*. m«ire 
 a^rceahfe with their own 1an;^aKe| hv which thev dirtingMtflicd 
 their ^uelH: Thns Captain Cook ih'jy callcil Twr^,- Hicki, 
 iUte ) Green, Trcen ; anJ, Mr. Uaoki they callcU Opang, 
 
190 
 
 THE VOYAGE OP 
 
 f^aWlnc. 
 
 hard, with whiih they fight obftinately and cruelly, 
 giving no quartet to their enemies in time of bat- 
 tle." 
 
 While the Endeavour Raid at Otaheitc, there was 
 a good undcrdanding between the Eareet of the two 
 peninfulas, though it fcems that the Eureeof Tiar- 
 rt'bau called himfclf king of the whole ifland : this 
 however was a mere nominal claim, and was con- 
 fidcrcd as fuch by the inhabitants. There is nothing 
 amon^ them fubfiiluted for money or a generil me- 
 dium by which every defirablc obje£i may DC purchafed 
 or procured ; neither can any permanent good be ob- 
 tiincd by force or fraud. I'he general commerce 
 with women lets afide almolt every excitement to com- 
 mit adultery. In a word, in a government fo little 
 polilhed, though diftributive jultice cannot be regu- 
 larly adminillered, as at the lame time there can be 
 but few crimes whereon to exercife it, the want of 
 this juflice is not fo fevercly felt, as it muft bein more 
 civilifcd Ibcietics. 
 
 Before the crew of the endeavour quitted Otaheite, 
 it is to bo remarked that they were apprifcd of the na- 
 tives having the venereal difeafe among them, which it 
 was cafy to conclude v.as difleminated there by M. 
 Bougainville's people. The iflanders called it by a 
 namecxpreflive of rttltnnefi, and gave the moftdifmal 
 accounts of its efFefts, obfcrving that the hair a.".d 
 nails i.' (hofc who v\'ere firft infected with it, fell off, 
 and the flcfli rotted from their bones ; while their 
 countrymen uninfc£lcd, and ncareft relations were 
 fo much terrified at the appearance, that the unhappy 
 lu Aci'cr was often furfaken by them, and left to perifn 
 in that horrible condition. — 
 
 On Thurfday, the 13th of July, after leaving the 
 ifland of Otaheite, they failed with clear weather and 
 a gentle breeze ; and Tupia informed them that the 
 i (lands which he called Huahe'mi, Vlirtta, Olaba, and 
 lieLbih, were at the diflance of about one or two 
 days fail, and that hogs, fowls, and other refrefhments 
 which were \eTy fcarce on board, were to be got there 
 in great abundance. Accordingly they proceeded in 
 fearch of thcfc iflands, and difcovered Huaheine, on 
 the I4.th, and founded on the i6th near the north- 
 weft part of the ifland, but found no bottom at 70 
 fathoms. Several canoes put off; but the Indians 
 feemed fearful of coming near the vefTcl till the fight 
 of Tupia removed their apprehenfions. They then 
 came along fide, and the king of Huaheine and the 
 (fuecn came on board. They feemed furprifed at what- 
 ever was fhewn them, but made no inquiries after any 
 thing hut what was immediately prefentcd before 
 them. The king, whofe name was Oroe, pr^ipofed 
 exchanging names with Captain Cook, a cuflom which 
 is looked upon as a mark of friendihip in thir ifland, 
 and which the captain readily complied. 
 
 The people here appeared in aimoft every refpcft 
 fimilar to thofe of Otaheite; only Tupia aKexttA 
 that they were not like them addiAed to thieving. 
 
 The captain having come to an anchor in a fmall 
 but convenient harbour on the wed fide of the ifland, 
 went on fhore with Mr. Hanks, and fome other gen- 
 tlemen, accompanied by the king and Tupia, The 
 laft-mentioned uncovere<l himfelf to the waift, de- 
 ' firing Mr. Monkhoufe to follow his example. Being 
 featrd, he now began a fpeech, which lafted about 
 twenty minutes j the king, who flood oppofite to him, 
 aiifwering in what feemed fet replies. During this 
 difcourfe he delivered, at different times, a handker- 
 chief, a black filk neck-cloth, fome beads, and plan- 
 tains, as prefents to their Eatua or Deity. He 
 received in return for the Eatua, of the Englifh, a 
 hog, fome young plantains, and two bunches of 
 feathers, which were carried on board. Thcfe cere- 
 monies were confidered as a kind of ratification of a 
 treaty between the Englifh and the king of Hua- 
 licine. 
 
 On the 17th they went again on (hore, and walked 
 up into the country, the produ£lions of which greatly 
 refemhied thufe of the C5iahcite -, the rocks and clay 
 ieemed, Uowcv«r, more burnt i the boat-houfes were 
 
 Urge, and the other houfes neat. 'Jlie level part of 
 the country atTords the moll beautiful landfcapcs that 
 the imagination can poflibly form an idea of; the foil 
 is exceedingly fertile, and ihefhore is lined with fruit.< 
 trees of ditferent kinds, particularly the cocoa-nut, 
 u hirh was fceii in great abundance. I'hey alfo went 
 on fhore on the i8th, without Tupia, but his boy, 
 whofe name was Taiyota, accompanied them, and Mr. 
 Banks propofed taking a more perfefl view of a kind 
 of chcfl, or ark, which he had before obferved : the 
 lid of this ark was covered in a peculiar manner, and 
 thatched with palm-nut leaves. It was placed upon 
 two polesv and fullaincd on fmall carved arches of 
 wood i the poles ferved to remove it from one place tu 
 the other, in the manner of a fedan chair : it is '.«ry 
 furprifing, that this chefl was of a form greatly re- 
 fembling the ark of the Lord, among the Jews, but 
 what was flill more extraordinary, the boy informed 
 tbem that it was called Ewhani n» Eatua, thi houfi if 
 tbt Gsdf but could give no account of its meaning or 
 utility. — With fome difficulty they negotiated for 
 eleven pigs, and were not without hopes of obtain- 
 ing more the next morning. — 
 
 On the 19th they carried fome hatchets with thtm, 
 with which they procured three hogs. As they pio> 
 pofed to fail in the afternoon, the king, accompanied 
 by fome others of the natives, came on board to take 
 his leave, when his majefty received from Captain 
 Cook a fmall pewter plate, with the following inlcrlp- 
 tion, " His Britannic Majcfty's fhip Endes-our, 
 Captain Cook commander, 16 July 1769." He alfo 
 was prefentcd with fome medals, or counters, refem- 
 bling the coin of England, and other trifles which 
 were very acceptable to him. I'he ifland lies in 
 16" 43' fouth latitude, and 150° 52' welt longitude; 
 it is about 30 leagues diffant from Otaheite, and is 
 about twenty miles in circumference. Their produc- 
 tions fccm to be about a month forv. :""!..■ than thefe of 
 Otaheite. Mr. Banks faw only a few new pi. nts, 
 but he found here a new fpecies of fcorpion. 
 
 I'he inhabitants are of a very lazy difpofition, but 
 are flouter and larger made than tiiofe of Otaheite. 
 I'he women are much fairer thatt thole of that ifland, 
 and in general are very handfome i neither fo fufccpt- 
 ible of fear, nor not fo defirous of information. 
 
 They failed from Huaheine for the ifland of Ulietea,uiictet. 
 and came within a league or two of the fhore in the 
 aflernoon. The next morning, by the direftion of 
 I'upia, they anchored in a bay which is formed by a 
 reef on the north fide of the ifland, two canoes full of 
 the natives 'x>n came off from the fhore, and brought 
 with them two fmall hogs, which they exchanged for 
 fome naili and beads. I'he captain, Mr. Banks, and 
 fome other gentlemen now went on Store, accompa- 
 nied by Tupia, who introduced them with the fame 
 kind of ceremonies that had taken place on their land- 
 ing at Huaheine ; after which Captain Cook took pof- 
 fclTion of this adjacent ifland in the name of the king 
 of Great Britain. They then walked to a large Mo- 
 ral, which the natives called Tapodoboatea. They 
 found that it difTered from the fepulchral ornaments 
 of Otaheite, being compofed of four walls, about 
 eight or nine feet in height, and built of large coi al 
 flones, furrounding a court of about 30 feet fquare. 
 They faw an ewhatta or altar, on which a hog was 
 placed as an ofl'ering, weighing about an hundred 
 pounds. There was an amphitlicatre in the front of 
 this morai, facing the fea. They alfo faw three or 
 four Ewbarte, tii Eatua (houfe« of God) like that 
 which was obferved at Huaheine, 
 
 The mafter was fent on the 2ifl to infpeft the 
 fouthern part of the ifland, and a lieutenant was dil- 
 patchtd in the yawl to found the harbour where the 
 Endeavour lay, while the captain went in the pin- 
 nace to take a view to the northward. On their re- 
 turn they faw a tree of the fame kind as that which 
 had been ubl'erved by Mr. Green at Otaheite ; the cir- 
 cumference of the trunk, or rather congeries of the 
 routs of which, rticnfurcd about 40 yards. 
 
 The hazy weather and brifk gales prevented Captain 
 
 Cuok 
 
 ■ ^ .^^.^itc ■ 
 
Captain cook. 
 
 jt.t 
 
 irt or 
 
 I that 
 K foil 
 fruit-* 
 i-nutf 
 
 went 
 s hoyt 
 dMr. 
 
 kind 
 1 : the 
 r, and 
 I upon 
 hcs of 
 lace tu 
 s '. «ry 
 tly re- 
 9, but 
 Fomeil 
 ouj't cf 
 ting or 
 ed for 
 ibtain- 
 
 thcm, 
 ■y pio. 
 ipanicd 
 to take 
 ):\ptain 
 nfcrip- 
 ;!"our. 
 He alfo 
 
 re fern - 
 
 which 
 
 lies in 
 jitude ; 
 
 and is 
 )roduc- 
 thefe of 
 
 pints, 
 
 >n, but 
 taheite. 
 ifland, 
 ufccpt- 
 I. 
 
 Jlietea,uiiete». 
 in the 
 tion of 
 by a 
 full of 
 irought 
 ged for 
 and 
 ompa- 
 fame 
 land- 
 nk pof- 
 king 
 Mo- 
 rhcy 
 amcnti 
 about 
 Coral 
 fquare. 
 og was 
 undrcd 
 rent of 
 liree or 
 that 
 
 a the 
 ■as (lil- 
 .rc the 
 pin- 
 eir re- 
 which 
 hccir- 
 of the 
 
 laptain 
 Cuuk 
 
 Oiohi. 
 
 Maurui. 
 
 Cook fiom gf^'ting under fail, till the S4th, when 
 he put to tea, and fleerid northward within the reef, 
 towaiJs an opening, at the diOance of about rive or 
 fix leagues, in eA'e^ling wliich he was in great danger 
 of ftriking on a rock, the man who founded, crying 
 out on a fudden " Two fathoms," which could not but 
 alarm them greatly, but luckily they reccivctl no da- 
 mage. 
 
 The name of tite bay where the Endeavour lay at 
 anchor is Oopoa. It is capacious enough to hold a 
 great number of (hipping, and is fccured from the 
 lea by a reef of rocks. Its fituation is otf the eallern- 
 moftpartof the ifland. The provifions here confift 
 of cocoa-nuts, yams, plantains, and a few hogs and 
 fowls. The country round about the place where 
 they landed was not fo plentiful as at Otaheitc or 
 Huaheine. 
 
 They were within a league or two of the ifland of 
 Otoha; but could not get near enough to land (the 
 wind having proved contrary) till the 25th in the 
 morning, wlien Mr. Banks and Dr. Solander went 
 in the long-boat with the mafter, in order to found a 
 harbour on the eaft fide of the ifland, which they 
 found fafe and convenient. They then went on (liorc 
 and purchafed a large quantity of plantains, and fome 
 hogs and fowls. 1 he produce of this ifland was much 
 the fame with that of Ulietca, but it feemcd to be 
 more barren. They received the fame compliment 
 from the Indians here, as was ufual for them to pay 
 their own kings, which was by uncovering their 
 fhoulders, and wrapping tlicir cloaths round their 
 bodies. They made fail to the northward, and at 
 eight o'clock the next morning they were under the 
 high peaks of Bolabola. They found the ifland in- 
 acceflible in this part, and found likewifc that it was 
 imprfliblc to weather the fouth end of it till late at 
 night. On the 13th they difcovered an ifland which 
 Tupia called Alaurua, but faid it was fmall, furrounded 
 by a reef, and without any commodious harbour, but 
 inhabited, and yielded nearly the fame produce as the 
 adjacent Iflands. In the middle is a high round hill 
 which may be fecn at eleven or twelve leagues dillance. 
 In the afternoon, finding themfelves to windward of 
 fome harbour that lay on the wefV fide of Ulietea, they 
 intended to put into one of them, in order to flop a 
 leak which they had fprung in the powder-room, and 
 to take in fome additional ballaft. The wind being 
 right againft them, they plied on and oA:' till the after' 
 noon of the firll of Auguft, when they came to an 
 anchor in the entrance of the channel, which led into 
 one of the harbours. 
 
 OnVVednefdaythead, in the morning, when the tide 
 turned, they came into a proper place for mooring in 
 38 fathom. In the interim many of the natives came 
 off, and brought hogs, fowls, and plantains, which 
 were purchafM upon very moderate terms, Mr. Banks 
 and Dr. Solander went on (here, and fpent the day 
 very agreeably ; the natives ihewing them great re- 
 fpcd : being conducted to the houfes of the chief peo- 
 ple, they found tliofc who had ran haftily before them, 
 ilanHing on each fide of a long mat fpread upon the 
 eround, and the family fitting at the farther end of 
 It. In one houfe they obferved Ibme very young girls 
 drcflcd in the neatefl manner, who kept their places 
 waiting for the ftranjers to accoft them j thcfe girls 
 WTrc the moft beautiful the gentlemen had ever 
 feen. 
 
 One of them, who was about fevcn or eight years old, 
 was drcfTcd in a red gown, and her head was decorated 
 with a great quantity of plaited hair; this ornament 
 is called Tamou, and i<; held in great ellimation among 
 ihem. She was fitting at the upper end of one of their 
 long mats, on which none of the people prtfent pre- 
 fumed to let a foot ; and lier head was reclined on the 
 arm of a decent lookingwoman, who appeared to be 
 her nurfe; when Mr. Banks and Dr. Solander ap- 
 proached her, ftie flretched out her liaiij to receive 
 fome beads, which they prefented to her, with .in air 
 of fuch dignity and graccfulncfs, as would have done 
 honour to the firft princcfs in Europe, 
 6 
 
 ^■M 
 
 Before their departurf, they were er.fert^inctl with 
 a dance, different from any thty had fun lufore. ^— «- 
 The performer put upon his head a large piece of 
 wicker-work, about four feet long, of a cylindrical 
 form, covered with feathers, and i^c;cd round with 
 fhaik's teeth. Having this head-drels on, which is 
 called a Whou, he began to dance with a flow motion ) 
 frequently moving his head, fo as to defcribc n circle 
 with the top of his wicker cap,nnd fomctimes throwing 
 it fo near the faces of the by-ftanders as to make thini 
 jump back : tllis they con fidercd as an cxcclknt pitcc 
 of humour, and it always produced a hi arty l^upji, 
 when prailifed upon any of the Kfiglifh gentle- 
 men. 
 
 On Thurfday the 3J, as Mr. Ranks and the Doc- 
 tor were going along the fhore to the northward, with 
 adefignto purchafe flock, they met with a coinp;iny 
 of dancers, who retarded the progrefs of their ex- 
 curfion. The company was conipoied of fix men ;ind 
 two women dancers, with three drums. They were 
 informed that tliefe dancers were fome of the principal 
 peopleof the ifland, and though they were an itine- 
 rant troop, they did not, like the ftrolling parties of 
 Otaheite, receive any gratuity from the by-flanders. , 
 The women wore a confiderable quantity of tamou, 
 or plaited hair, ornamented with flowers of the cape 
 jeflamine, which were fluck in with taftc, and made 
 an elegant head-dref". The womens necks, breads, 
 and arms, were'naked ; the other parts of their bodies 
 were covered with black cloth, which was faftcncd 
 dole round them, and by the fide of each brcafl, next 
 the arms, was a fmall plume of black feathers, worn 
 like a nofegay. 
 
 Thus apparelled, they advanced fuleways, kcepinf; 
 time with great exaftnefs to the drums, which beat 
 quick aiid loud ; foon after they began to (hake them- 
 felves in a very whimfical manner, and put their bo- 
 dies into a variety of ftrangc poftures, fomctimes fit- 
 ting down, and at others falling with their faces to 
 the eround, and refting on their knees anu elbows, 
 moving their fingers at the fame time with a quicknefs 
 fcarcely to be credited. The chief dexterity, how- 
 ever, of the dances, as well as the amiifement of the 
 fpe£lators, confifted in the lacivioufncfs of their at- 
 titudes and geflures. 
 
 Between the dances of the women a kind of dra- 
 matic interlude was performed bv the men, confifliiig 
 of dialogue as well as dancing ; but for want of u 
 fufHcient knowledge of their language, t!iry ould not 
 learn the fubjeiEl of this interlude. 
 
 Mr. Banks, Dr. Solander, and ibinc other gen- 
 tlemen, were prefent at a more regular dramatic en- 
 tertainment the next day. The performers, who were 
 all men, were divided into two parties, one drcfied in 
 brown, and the other in white, by way of diftinilion. 
 Tupia being prefent, informed them that theparty in 
 brown aftcd the parts of a maftcr and his Icrvants, 
 and the party in white, a gang of thieves ; the maftcr 
 having produced a bafket of me.it, which he gave ia 
 charge to his fervants : which party, exhibited a 
 variety of expedients, in endeavouring to fteal this 
 bafket, and the brown let as many in preventing the 
 accomplifhment of their defign. After fome time h:td 
 been fpent in this manner, thoft to » horn the bafket 
 was intruded, laying themfelves down on the ground 
 round it, pretended to fall afleep j the otlur party 
 availing themfelves of this opportunity, Hole gently 
 upon them, and carried off their booty ; the fervants 
 awaking foon after, difcovered their lofs, but they 
 made no fearch after the bafket, and began to dance 
 with as much alacrity as before. 
 
 On Saturday the 5th, fome hogs and fowls, and fe- 
 veral large pieces of cloth, many of them being fifty 
 orfixty yards in length, together with a quantity of 
 plantains and cocoa-nuts, were fent to Captain Cook, 
 as a prefent from the Earee Rahie of the ifland of Hola- BoUboI 
 bola, accompanied with a meflagc, importing that 
 he was then on the ifland, and intended waiting on 
 the captain. 
 On Sunday the 6th, the king of Bolabola did not 
 
 vifit 
 
»9» 
 
 THE VOYAGE OF 
 
 1769 
 
 ObitLica, 
 
 vlAt them agreeable to his promife, his abfence, how- 
 ever, was not in the Icatt regretted, as he fent three 
 voung women to demand I'ometliing in return lor his 
 prclent. After dinner, thev fct out to pay the king 
 u vifit on Ihorc, fince he did not think proper to come 
 on board. As this man was the Earee Rahie of the 
 RolaboU men, who had conquered this, and were 
 the dread of all the neighbouring iflands, they were 
 greatly difappointcd, inurad of finding a vigorcius cn- 
 terpriiing youii;; chief, to fee a poor feeble old 
 dotard, half blind, and finking under the weight 
 of age and intirmities. He received them without 
 cither that ftate or ceremony which they had hitherto 
 met with among the other chiefs. 
 
 On Wedncfday the igth, having flopped their leak, 
 and taken on board their frclh flock of provifions they 
 Ihilcd out of the harbour. Though they were feve- 
 ral leagues diflant from the idand of Uulabula, 
 Tupia earnedly intreated Captain Cook, that a fliot 
 might be hred toAards it j which, to gratify liim, 
 the captain complied with. 7'hi$ was fuppofed to 
 have been intended by Tupla as a mark of his re 
 ientment againft the inhabitans of that place, as tluy 
 had formely taken from him large pofleflions which 
 he held in the iAandof Ulietea, of which illand Tupia 
 was a native, and a fubordinate chief, but was driven 
 out by thefc warriors. 
 
 They had great plenty of provifions, as well of 
 hogs, as of vegetables, during the time they con- 
 tinued in the neighbourhood of thefe illands, fo that 
 they were not obliged to ufe any confiderable quantity 
 of the (hip's provifions, and they had flattered them- 
 felves, that the fowls and hogs would have fupplied 
 them with frefh provifions during the coiirfc of their 
 voyage to the fouthward, but in this they were un- 
 happily difappointcd, for as the hogs could not be 
 brought to eat any European grain, or any provender 
 whatever, that the (hiji afforded, they were reduced 
 to the difiigreeable necefTity of killing them immedi- 
 ately on their leaving thufe illands ; and the fowls all 
 died of a difi-afc in their heads, with which thoy were 
 feized foon after they had been carried on board. 
 
 As they were detained longer at Ulietea in repairing 
 the fliip than they cxpcdtcd, they did not go on fliore 
 at Bolabola ; but after giving the general namcofTTi* 
 Soiiciy IjLnh, to' the illands of Huahcine, Ulietea, 
 Bolabola, Otaha, and Maurua, which lie between 
 the latitude of 16" 10' and 18° 55' foiith, they pur- 
 fued their couife, ffanding fuuthuardly fur an ifland, 
 to which they were directed by Tupla, at above lOO 
 Itagueb dirtant, which they difcovered on Sunday the 
 13th, and were informed by him, that it was called 
 Obiteiea. 
 
 The next morning they ftood in for land, and faw fe 
 vrralofchclnhabitantscomingalongthe (horc. Oncof 
 the lieutenants was difpatched in the pinnace to found 
 for anchorage, and to obtain what intelligence could 
 be got from the natives concerning any land, that 
 might be fjitlicr to the fouth. Mr. Banks, Dr. So- 
 tandcr,and Tupia, went with the lieutenant in the boat. 
 %Vhcn they approached the (horc,thcy obfcrved, tha'th 
 Indians were armed with long lances. A nutriber of 
 them were loon drawn together on the beach, and 
 two jumped into the water endeavouring to gain 
 the lio;it J but fhe foon left them and fnmc others that 
 h:id made tlie fame attempt, far enough behind her. 
 Havingdouhlid the point v. here they intended to land, 
 they o|>ened a large bay, and faw another party of the 
 natives (landing at thecndof it, armed like thofe v/hom 
 thty had Iccn before. Preparations were then made 
 for landinir, on which a canoe full of Indians came off 
 tovvaids llum. Obferving this, Tupia received 
 outers tu acquaint them that the Englifh did not in- 
 t' nd to I'fTer them violence, but meant to traffic with 
 them fur nails, which were produced. Thus informed 
 they came ah.iig-fidc the boat, and took fome nails 
 tliat wi re i;ivtn them, being feemingly well pleafcd 
 with the prefciit. Vet a few minutes after, feveial 
 of lliefe people bo.rded the boat, defigning to drag her 
 oiifhorci but (<3me mufquets being difchargcd over 
 7 
 
 their heads they leaped Into thefea, and having reacll- 
 ed the canoe, put back with all polfible expeditions 
 joining their countrymen who ftood ready to receive 
 them. The boat immediately purfued the fugitives^ 
 but the crew finding the furf extremely violent, did 
 not venture to land there, but coaftcd along ihorc ta 
 try if they could not find a more convenient place. 
 Soon after the canoe got on (hore, a man oppo- 
 fitc the boat flourifhed his weapon, calling out at 
 the fame time with a (hrill voice, which was a nuurk 
 of defiance, as Tupia explained it to the Engli(h.-~ 
 Not being able to find a proper landing-place they re- 
 turned, with an intention to attempt it where the 
 canoe went on (hore j whereupon another warrior re- 
 peated the defiance : his a|>pcarancc was more formi- 
 dable than that of the other ; he had a high cap oa 
 made of the tail feathers of a bird, and his body was 
 painted with various colours. When he thought lie ta 
 retire, a grave man came forward, who a(ked I'upiat 
 feveral queflions, relating to the place from whence 
 the vefTel came. Who were the perfons on board } 
 Whither they were bound ? tic. After this, it was 
 propofe-d that the people in the boat Ihould go on (hom 
 and trade with them if they would lay ulide their 
 weapons ( but the latter would not agree to this, un-> 
 lefi. the Englifh would do the like. As this propofat 
 was by no means an equal one, when it was confidcr- 
 ed that the hazard mull for many rcafons be gre.tter 
 to the boat's crew than the Indians, and as perfidjr 
 was dreaded, it was not complied with. Befides, fince- 
 neither the bay which the Endeavour entered, nor 
 any other part of the ifland furnifhed good har- 
 bour or anchorage, it was refblved not to attempt 
 landing any more, but to fail from hence to the 
 fouthward. Of the people of the ifland we have the 
 following account. 
 
 " The natives are very tall, well proportioned^ 
 and have long hair, which, like the inhabitants of 
 the other iflands, they tie iv a bunch on the top of 
 their heads, they are likewife tataowed in different 
 parts of their bodies, but not on their pnfleriors. The 
 ifle does not (hoot up into high peaks like the othen 
 that they vifited, but is more level and uniform, and 
 divided into fmall hillocks, fome of which are covered 
 with groves of trees. However, none of thofe bear- 
 ing the bread fruit were feen, and not many cocoa- 
 trees, but a great number of thofe called Etoa, were 
 feen on the fca coad of this ifland. Both the nature 
 of their cloth, and their manner of wearing it diA'ercd 
 in many rcfpe<5ls from what had been obferved in the 
 progrcfs of our voyagers. All the garments that thefe 
 people wore, were died yellow, and painted with « 
 variety of colours on the out(ide. One piece formed 
 their whole habit, having a hole in it through which 
 they put their heads. 7'his reached as far as their 
 knees, and was tied clofe round their bodies with a 
 kind of yellow i(h fa(h. Some of them alfo wore caps 
 of the fame kind, as we have already mentioned, and 
 others bound round their heads a piece of cloth which 
 refrmbled a turban." 
 
 The Endeavour failed from this ifland on the 15th 
 of Augufl, with a fine breeze ) but on the 16th it 
 was hazy, and they bore away for what refemblcd 
 feveral high peaks of land, but the weather clearing 
 up, they were convinced of their midakc, and refumcd 
 their courfe accordingly. They faw a comet on the 
 30th, about four o'clock, which was then about 6o' ' 
 above the horizon. Land was difcovered at wed by 
 north, on Thurfday the 7th of 0<Slober, and in the 
 morning of the 8th they came to an anchor oppofite 
 the mouth of a fmall river, not above half a league 
 from the coad. 
 
 Captain Cook, Mr. Banks, Dr. Solander, and 
 fome other gentlemen, having left the pinnace at the 
 mouth of the river, proceeded a little farther up, 
 when they landed, leaving the yawl to the care of 
 fome of their boys, and went up to a few fmall liuufcs 
 in the neighbourhood. Some of the natives that had 
 concealed thcmfelves in the neighbourhood took ad- 
 vantage of their abfence from the boat, and rufhcd 
 
 out 
 
Captain cook. 
 
 m 
 
 Id 
 
 out, advancing towards !t, and brandifliing ilieir long 
 wooden lances. On this, the boys dropped down the 
 ftream, but the favagcs purfucd them clofclyi The 
 cockfwain of the pinnace then fired a mufquctoon 
 over their heads, but it did not prevent them from 
 following till they were near enough to dilcharge 
 their lances, in cunfequuncc of which he levelled his 
 piece and fhot one of them dead upon the fpot. They 
 remained for a fliort time motionlefs with aftonilh- 
 ment, but retreated precipitately as foon as they had 
 recovered from their fright. In the mean while thofe 
 in the pinnace and yawl being alarmed at the report 
 of the piece, made haftc to return to the vcflel. 
 
 The Captain, Mr. Ranks, and feveral gentlemen 
 went on (horc, with Tupia, on the Monday follow- 
 ing, and a proper party, on that fide of the river 
 which was oppofite to a fpot where fome Indians 
 were fcated on the ground. Thefe latter immediately 
 ftarted up, and began to handle their weapons ; but 
 Tupia fpcaking to them, the gentlemen were agree- 
 ably furprifed to find that he was underftood by them, 
 as they fpoke his language, though in a different dia- 
 lect. It appeared at firft, that they had hoftile inten- 
 tions, whereupon it was thought proper to fire a 
 mufquet at fome diftance from them. The ball fVruck 
 the water ; and the eff°c£l which it had was vifible, in 
 deterring them from farther menacing the Englifli 
 Afterwards the captain, with fome of the gentlemen 
 and Tupia in their company, the mariners being 
 previoully drawn up, advanced nearer to the river's 
 fide. Tnis friendly Indian fpoke again to them, and 
 told them that the Englifli wanted only to trade ; to 
 which they readily confented ; but the gentlemen 
 would not crofs the river unlefs the natives would lay 
 afide their weapons, which they could not by any 
 means be prevailed upon to do, and without which 
 conceflion it was thought improper to crofs the river. 
 The gentlemen, however, in their turn, intreated 
 the iflanders to come over; which one of them 
 confented to. However, they did not fcem to value 
 the beads and iron with which the Englifli prefented 
 them, nor would they give any thing in return, but 
 propofcd to exchange their weapons for thofe belong- 
 ing to the Englifli, which being confequcntly ob- 
 jecred to, they endeavoured feveral times to fnatch 
 them out of their hands, but as the Englifli were 
 on their guard, from the information given them by 
 Tupia, that they were ftill enemies, their attempts 
 to feize their arms were repeatedly fruflrated, and 
 Tupia, by the diredlions of the gentlemen, gave them 
 notice, that any further violence would be puniflied 
 with inftant death. One of them had, neverthelefs, 
 the audacity to fnatch Mr. Green's hanger, and, re- 
 tiring a few paces, flouriftied it over his head ; he, 
 however, paid for this temerity with his life, Mr. 
 Monkhoufe firing at him with a mufquet loaded with 
 ball ; and that gentleman afterwards, with fume dif- 
 ficulty, recovered the hanger, one of the Indians en- 
 deavouring to feize it. 
 
 The behaviour of the natives, added to the want of 
 frcfl\ water, induced Captain Cook to continue his 
 courfc round the head of the bay. He was ftill in 
 hopes of getting fome of the Indians on board, and by 
 prefents added to civil ufage, toconvey through them a 
 favourable idea of the Englifli to their fellow country- 
 men and thereby fettle a good correfjiondence with 
 them. Soon after an event occurred, though attend- 
 ed with difagreeable circumftances, that promifed to 
 facilitate this defign. Two canoes appeared, making 
 towards land, and Captain Cook propofed intercept- 
 ing them with boats. One of them got clear off, but 
 the Indians in the other finding it impoflible to efcajie 
 the boats, beean to attack them with their paddles ; 
 this compelled the Endeavour's people to nre upon 
 them, when four of the Indians were killed, and the 
 other three, who were youths, jumped into the wa- 
 ter, and endeavoured to fwim to fliore ; they were, 
 however, taken up and brought on board. I'hey were 
 at firft greatly terrified, thinking they fliould be kill- 
 ed ; but Tupi), by repeated amiranccs of friendship, 
 Vot. I. N»i7. 
 
 removed their (eUs, and they afterwards eat vcty 1 769 
 heartily of the (hip's provifions. When they retired *■ \ • •* 
 t({_refl, in the evening, they appeared perfctlly cafy 
 in their minds, and flept very quietly for fome hour*, 
 but in the middle of the night their fears returned, 
 and they apjiearcd in great agitation, frequently ut- 
 tering loud anddifmal groans. After fumetime,how- 
 ever, the friendljT'promifes and kind carefl'es of Tu- 
 pia again prevailed over their fears, and they became 
 fo calm and refigned as to fing a fong, the tunc of 
 which was folcmn and (low, and at the dead of the' 
 night, when an univerfal filence prevailed throughout 
 the fhip, had an aweful and pleafing cfTeA. The 
 next morning, after they were drefled and ornamented, 
 according to the mode of their country, with neck- 
 laces and bracelets. Captain Cook propufed fetting 
 them on fhore, that they might give a favourable re- 
 port to their countrymen of the reception they had 
 met with. They teftified much fatisfaiStion on being 
 told they were going to be releafcd, but feemed under 
 great apprehenlions of danger, at finding the boat 
 approach Captain Cook's fim landing-place, intimat- 
 ing, that the inhabitants were their foes, and that they 
 always killed and eat their enemies. The captain 
 neverthelefs, judged it expedient to land near the 
 fame fpot, which he accordinglydid, with Mr. Banks, 
 Dr. Solander, and Tupia, rcfulving at the fame time 
 to protect the youths from any injury that might be 
 offered them, but on feeing two large parties of the 
 Indians advancing haftily towards them, they return- 
 ed, and again put themfelves under their protection. 
 As the Indiansdrew nearer, oneof the boys difcovered 
 his uncle ainongft them, and a converfation took 
 place between them acrofs the river, in which the lad 
 gave a very juft account of the hofpitality he had 
 met with, and took great pains todifplay their cloaths 
 and finery. Soon after, the uncle fwam acrofs the 
 river, bringing with him a green bough, rt-: a token of 
 friendfliip, which was received as fuch, and Icveril 
 prefents were made him. The body of the Indian, 
 who was fliot the day before, lay in the fame place 
 where he fell ; one of the boys had covered it with 
 part of his cloaths, and after the gentlemen had re' 
 tired, the Indian performed a kind of ceremony over it, 
 by throwing a green bough towards it, and the body 
 was afterwards carried in a raft acrofs the river. Not' 
 withftanding the prefence of the uncle of one of the 
 boys, all three of them, by their own defire, returned 
 to the (hip, but as the captain intended failing the 
 next morning, he fent them on (horc in the evening, 
 though much againft their inclination. The names 
 of thefe boys were Toahowrangc, Koikerangc, and 
 Maragovete. They informed Captain Cook that 
 there was a particular kind of deer upon the illand, 
 likewife tars, capers, romara, yams, a kind of long 
 pepper, bald coote, and black-birds. 
 
 On the nth. Captain Cook let fail, in hopes of 
 finding a better anchoring place, after giving this 
 bay (called by the natives Toaneora) the name of 
 Povtny Bay, and the fouth-weft point he called Tcuag pMeni-'BtT, 
 Nick's heady on account of its being firft perceived by '" 
 
 a lad on board, named Nicholas Young. They were 
 becalmed in the afternoon, and feveral canoes came 
 otF from the (hore with Indians, who received many 
 prefentSv and afterwards bartered even their cloaths, 
 and fome of their paddles, fo eager were they of 
 being poifcfli^d of as many European commodities 
 as pofltble. A fingle tree formed the bottom of their 
 canoes, and the upper part confifted of two planks 
 fewed together; they lat on thwarts, their paddtey 
 were painted red, reprefenting many uncommon 
 figures, and very curioufly wrought. They were 
 armed with bludgeons made of wood, and of the bone 
 of a large animal : they called them Patit-Pattoi *^^ 
 they wrere well contrived for clofe fighting. 
 
 After they had finifhed their traffic, they fet off in 
 fuch a hurry, that they forgot three of their com- 
 panions, who reihained on board all night. They 
 teftified their fears and apprehenfions, notwithfhind- 
 ing Tupia took grtat pains to convince tbcm they 
 E e e were 
 
 k 
 
 ,:<£3<>r'3£ur 
 
•»9* 
 
 THE VOYAGE OF 
 
 1769 
 
 :'; / 
 
 were in no danger ; and about feven o'clock the next 
 morning n cunue came off, with four InUiuns un board. 
 It was at firll with difficulty the Inilian!> in the ihip 
 couIJ prevail on thofe in the canoe to come near them, 
 and it was nut till alter the former liaj uflurcd them 
 that the Englilhdid not cat men, that they came along 
 fulc the Enik-avour. The chief came on board, whole^ 
 face was tataowed, with a remarkable patou in hit 
 hand, and in this canoe the three Indians left the 
 Clip. Cajxain Cook gave the name of Cafit TaiU 
 to a point of land about feven leagues to the louth of 
 Poverty Bay : its li^urc greatly refembling a table, and 
 the illanJ, called by the natives Tira^tu/rv, he named 
 Ptrtliind IJianJ, it being very Amilar to that of the 
 fame name in the Britiln Channel. It is joined to the 
 main by a chain of rocks near a mile in lencth, partly 
 above w^ter. There arc fcvcral ihonls, called iham- 
 bics, about three miles to the north-eatt of Portland, 
 one of which the Endeavour narrowly cfcaped { there 
 is, however, a paflage between them with twenty fa 
 thorn water. Some parts of Portland Ifland, as well 
 ■s the main, were cultivated ; and pumice-ftone in 
 great quantitieii lying along the fliorc, within the bay^ 
 indicated that there was a volcano in the ifland. Higli 
 palings upon the ridges of hills were alfo vifible ni 
 two places, which were judged tobcdcfigned for re- 
 ligious purpoles. 
 
 On the 12th feveral Indians came ofF in a canoe ; 
 they »eredibligured in arrange manner, danced and 
 fang, and at times appeared to be peaceably inclined, 
 but at others to menace hoftilities. Notwithftand- 
 ing Tupia ftrongly invited them to come on board, 
 none of them would quit the canoe. Whilft the 
 Endeavour was getting clear of the Shambles, five 
 canoes full of Indians camcoF, and feemed to threa- 
 ten the j>eople on board, by brindifhing their lances, 
 and other hoftile geftures. A four-pounder, loaded 
 with grape-fhot, was therefore ordered to be fired, 
 but not pointed ac them. I'his had the defired cf- 
 feft, and made them drop a-ilern. Two more ca- 
 noes came off whillt the Endeavour lay at anchor, 
 but the Indians on board behaved very peaceably and 
 quiet, and received feveral prefents, but would not 
 come on board. 1 
 
 On Friday the 13th in the morning, they made for 
 an inlet, but finding it not (hcltered, they Hood out 
 again ; and were chaced by a canoe filled with In- 
 dians, but the Endeavour oiit-failed them. She pur- 
 fued her courfe round the bay, but did not find an 
 opening. 
 
 The next morning they bad a view of the inland 
 country: It was mountainous, and covered with 
 inow in the interior parts, but the land towards the 
 fea was fiat and uncultivated, and in many places 
 there were groves of high trees. Nine canoes full of 
 Indians came from the Ihorc, and.five of them, after 
 having confulted together, purfued,the lEndeavour, 
 appaxcntly witba holtile defign. Tupia was defired 
 to acquaint them thatimmedijitt deftrudiion would en- 
 fue if they perfcvered in their attempts } but words 
 bad no influence, and a four-pounder, with graiie- 
 fitot was fired, to give them fome notion of the arms 
 sf their opponents. They were terrified at this kind 
 ef xealbning, and paddled away falkr than they came. 
 Tupia then hailed the fugitives, and acquainted them 
 that if they came in a peaceable manner, and left their 
 arms behind, no annoyance would be offered them ; 
 one of the canoes fubmittini to the terms, came along- 
 fide the (hip, and received man)r prefents j but the 
 Other canoes returning, andperfifting in the fame me- 
 oacing behaviour, intertupted this friendly inter- 
 courfe. 
 
 The following day, Sunday the ijth, they were 
 vifite^ by fome fifliing-iboats, the people in which, 
 conduced Oiemfelvcs in an amicable manner. Though 
 the fUh which they had on board had been caught fo 
 long that they were not eatable. Captain Cook pur- 
 ehafed them merely for the fake of promoting a traf- 
 fic with the natives. In the afternoon a canoe with 
 a nundiex of armed Indiana caofic up, and one of them. 
 
 who was rcmarakbly cloatlisj, with a black (kin, foiititJ 
 means to defraud the cipta in of a pitic ot red bai/o 
 under priitiKo of bartering ihc Ikm he had im for it. 
 As fooii as he h:'.d got the baize iiiio hi< polllOion, in- 
 lU'adof giving the (kin in iLtuin, ;ijreeabl<: tn liis bar- 
 gain, he rollid ihciii up tugcthor, and ordLnd ihc ca- 
 noe to put oft' from the Ihip, turning a deaf cnr to llu; 
 lepcatid rcmonltiajice of the captain a;5aiii{l his unjult 
 bchaviour._ Alter a Ihort time, this canw, Kiijeilier 
 with the fifliing boats which Iwid put oft" at the lairo 
 time, came back to the fliip, and trade was again be- 
 gun. During tliis fecond traffic with the InJi^ms, 
 one of. them unexpei^tcdly fcizcd Tupia's litile bfy 
 I'aiyota, and pulling him into his canoe, inllnntly 
 put oft', and [laddUd away with llic utnioll Ipctd ; fe- 
 veral nuifquets were immuliattly difchaigcd at the peo- 
 ple in the canoe, and one of them receiving a wound, 
 they all let go the boy, who before was held down in 
 the bottom of the canoe. Taiyota taking the advan- 
 tage of their conllernation, immediately jumped into 
 the fca, and fwam back towards the Endeavour; ho 
 was taken on hoiud without receiving any harm ; but 
 his (Irenuth was fo much exhauftcd with the weir,ht 
 of his cloaths, that it was with great difficulty he 
 reached the fhip. In confcqiience of this attempt to 
 carry ofi-'Taiyota, Capt. Cook called the caproft'uhicli 
 it happened, Ctipt Kidnapp/n, lying in latitiu'e 59 deg. p.,,, K'dni 
 43 iiiin. fouth, and longitude 187" dig. 74 iiirri. weH, pai. ' *** 
 and is very difiinguifliKblcby the high elitts anil whiii 
 ri'cks that furruunded it. Tl»e dirtance of this 
 cape from Portland Illaiid is about 13 leagues, 
 and it forms the fouth point of a bay which was 
 denominated Hawkii Bay, in honour of Admiral ,, , , „ 
 Hawkc. Havkc.B.y. 
 
 Taiyota, 6n recoycfing from his fright, produced a 
 fifh, and informed Tupia that he intended to offer it 
 to his Eatua or God, in gratitude for his happy ef- 
 cape; this being approved of by the other Indian, 
 the fifh was caft into the fea. Captain Cook now 
 pafled by a fmall ifland which was fuppofcd to be in- 
 habited only by filhermcn, as it feemed to be barren, 
 aad Bart f/Iitn/J Vfai the name given to it, and to a B>re IfliniL 
 head-land in latitude 40" 34.' fouth, and longitude 
 182" 55' weft, becaufc the Endeavour turned, he gave 
 the name of Capt' Turnnf^airr. It was never ccr- Cjne Turifc 
 tainly known whether New Zealand was an ifland igiin. 
 before this veii'el touched there : On this account, the 
 lords of the admiralty had inftrufted Captain Cook 
 to fail along the coafts as far as 40 degrees fouth, and 
 if the land extended farther, to return to the north- 
 ward again. It was for this rc?fon that the captain 
 altered his courfe, when he arrived at the cape above- 
 mentioned : The wind having I ikewife veered about 
 to lb* fouth, he returned, failing along the ccaft 
 nearly in his former track. Between this and C.-.pa 
 Kidnappers Bay, the land is unei]ual, and fon:ewhal 
 refemblcs our downs and fmall villages, and many in- , 
 
 habitants were obfcrved. The (hip came abreaft of a 
 pcninfula, in Portland Ifland, n.iincd Tiraiuh, on 
 Wednefday the 19th. At this time a c=noc with fiva 
 Indians came up to the vcflcl. There Were two chiefs 
 among them who came on board, and ftaid all nighr. 
 One of thcfe was a very comely pcrfon, and had an 
 open and agreeable countenance. They were ex- 
 tremely grateful for the prefents which they received, 
 and difplayed no fmall degree of curiofity. They 
 would not eat or drink, but the fervants devoured the 
 vi£luals fet before them with a inoft voracious appe- 
 tite. 
 
 They gave the name of GahU End Fcreland to a re- ^.^1^,^ ^^^ 
 markable head-land, which they pafled on the 19th. FoctlnJ. 
 'ihree canoes appeared here, and one Indian came on 
 board to whom they gave fmall piefcnts before he 
 withdrew. 
 
 Several of theft Indians wore pieces of grcen-ftonc 
 round their necks which were tranfparent, and re- 
 frmbled an emerald. Thefe hcing examined, ap- 
 |)eared to be a fpecies of the Nephritic ftonc. Several 
 pieces of it were procured by Air. Hanks, and it ap- 
 pearcd that this furniflted tlie illanders with their 
 
 principil 
 
CAPtAiN cook. 
 
 i^i 
 
 r- 
 
 n- 
 lu: 
 lit 
 
 icr 
 ir.c 
 
 X' 
 
 iibj 
 joy 
 itly 
 fc- 
 
 ItO- 
 
 nd. 
 II ilk 
 ■an- 
 intt> 
 i ho 
 but 
 !ij;ht 
 V lie 
 
 I't to 
 
 hich 
 
 J*^?' Cr^r: K'lJnnp- 
 well, pcIl- 
 Ahilt 
 tUis 
 
 I was 
 
 '■"''■■'' Ha vke'iBiy. 
 
 icecl a 
 iffer it 
 py ef- 
 iuliaii> 
 : now 
 be in- 
 parren, 
 id to a Bire man* 
 
 iluile 
 gave 
 ccr- Cai't Turrtf 
 
 iflanJ »g»'«>" 
 
 t,thc 
 
 iignr. 
 
 Iliad an 
 
 \e ex- 
 
 bfivcd. 
 
 They 
 
 Ircd the 
 
 appc- 
 
 |o a re- cl.le Kn« 
 : 19th. Foithnl- 
 hme on 
 lore he 
 
 [i-ftone 
 tind re- 
 
 hcvcraV 
 [it ap- 
 their 
 lincipU 
 
 princip.Tl onuments. The form of fomc of their 
 i'ac( s w:is agreeable, and their nofcs were ratlicr pro- 
 niiiieiit than Ihit. Their dialed w • ■ -n fo gutiiiral 
 •s that ol" ihi- others, and they fpo,<e .ik.t the people 
 of the ifl.^iulof Olaheitc. Haviiiij; .ii.choicd in a hay 
 about trto leagues to the iiortliwan! 1 1 the forel.iiul, 
 twoiiuelN t.inc on board heie, and the natives invited 
 thcni afliDie. 'l"he chiefs received prefents of linen, 
 but tiny did not feetn to value Ipike-nails lo muehak 
 the liihahitaivs of the otir-r iHaiids. Tluy were 
 drcflt;d in jackets, the one ornamented with tufts of 
 red leather' , the other wilh dog's-Hein. The native! 
 received Mr. Banks ami Ur. SulanJer couiteouflv on 
 fhorc ; where they did not appear in numerous bodies. 
 In the coui fe of their journey 1 ound the bay, freih water 
 was found. All niiiht they remained vn Ihorc, and 
 the next day the l)o£lor and Mr. Banks diicovercd 
 fevcral plants and many beautiful birds, among which 
 were large pigeons and quails. Maiiy (tages for the 
 purpofc of drying fi(h were obferved near the place 
 where the gentlemen landed, and fomc houl'es with 
 fences were hen. Some dogs were remarked on the 
 illand, which had pointed cars, and were very iin;'y. 
 Sweet potatoes, like thofe of North America were 
 found here j and the cloth-plant grew fpont;'.ncous. 
 The luiids In the neighbouring valleys were laid out 
 in regular plantations. In the bay theve is plenty of 
 crabs, cray-filh, and horfe-m.ickarel, larger than thofo 
 upon our coalls. The woods were almoil impaflable 
 on account of the number of fupplc jacks (as they arc 
 called) which grow there. As to the flat lands, they 
 were planted witii cocoas, as the hollow parts were 
 with gourds. The Doftor and Mr. Batiks vifited fe- 
 vcral of the natives houles, and they met with a very 
 civil reception. Fifli conlHtuted their principal food 
 at this time ; and a root of a fort of fern fervcd them 
 for bread, which, when roaftcd upon a fire, and di 
 vefted of its bark, was fweet and clammy j in tafte not 
 difagreecahle, hut iinpleafant from its number of 
 fibres. Vegetables were, doubtlefs, at other fealons 
 very plentiful. The women painted their faces red, 
 which fo far from incrcafing, diminilhed the very lit- 
 tle beauty they had. The mens faces were not in 
 general painted, but rubbed over with red ocre from 
 head to foot, their apparel not excepted. Though 
 they coulij not be compared to the inhabitants of Ota- 
 heite for cleanlincfs in general, they furpafl'ed them in 
 this refpeiA in fume particulars. Every dwelling was 
 fupplied with a privy, and they had dunghills for dc' 
 pofiting dirt and nlth. The women wore a girdle 
 made of the blade of grafs under a petticoat, and to 
 this girdle was tied in front a bunch of fragrant leaves. 
 They feeined to hold chaftity but in little eliimation, 
 many of the young females reforting to the watering- 
 place where they oountifully bellowed every favour 
 that was requeftcd. One of the officers on fliore, 
 meeting with an elderly woman, he accompanied her 
 to her hcufc, and having prefented her with fome cloth 
 and beads, a young girl v/.is Tingled out, and he was 
 given to unuerftand he might retire with her. Soon 
 after, an elderly man with two women, came in as vi- 
 iitors, and with much formality falutcd all the com- 
 pany, according to the cuftom of the place, which 
 is by gently joining the tips of their nofes together. 
 The officer, on his return, was furniflied with a guide, 
 who led him a much better road than that he had came, 
 and whenever they came to a brook or rivulet, the In- 
 dian took him upon his bacic to prefcrve him from be- 
 ing wet; fevcral of the inhabitants were curioufly ta 
 
 axe made ot the grcen-ftone, already mentioned, which 
 could not be purchafed, though many things were of- 
 fered in exchange. At night they danced in a very 
 uncouth manner, making antic gefturcs, lolling out 
 their tongues, with other Arange grimaces i and in 
 thefe dances old men with grey beards, as well as the 
 young ones, were capital pcrtormcrs. They carried 
 their civility fo far, as to aflift Mr. Banks and his 
 cumpojiy with oue of their canoes to carry them on 
 
 taowcd, and one old man in particular, was marked 
 on the bread with various figures. 'I'here was an 
 
 board, but the Kn<Ieavour's [vople bcinr; liiip.oqvuiir,'. d 
 with ihe method of IK-cring Inch a vellel, Ihe u.w 
 overlil, but no one was iliowned j and they reached 
 the lliip without any farther nccidi tit, U'tv.c of the 
 Indians having voluntarily engnjad t') ceiielutMlcr. 
 DuriiiLthc Itay of the gciillcmen on fliore, many of 
 the natives went out in their canoes, ;.nd trafficked with 
 the ftiip's company, preferring at firll the cloth of 
 Otalieite to that of Lurope ) but it foun dimiiiiflied in 
 its value. Several of the Indians went on board, 
 and teftllicd their curiofity and furprife with regard to 
 the different parts of the (hip. , 
 
 On Sunday the zzd, in thecvening, they failc3 from 
 this bay, which by the natives is called Tegadoo« 
 anil lies in latitude 38" lo'fouth. The wind being 
 contrary, they put inti> another bav a little to the 
 foulh, calle-d by the natives Toltaga in order to com- 
 plete their wood and water, and extend their corrc- 
 i'pondenec with the natives : in this bay they came to 
 an anchor in about feven fathom water, with a pood 
 laiidy bottom. Several canoes r.ppcarcd wi'.h Indiana 
 on board, and they trafficked very fairly for glal's 
 bottles and cloth. 'J'hc captain, Mr. Banks, and 
 the IJoclor went in the afternoon to examine the wa- 
 ter, and found it extremely good ; here was allbplent/ 
 of wocxi, and the natives behaved with as much ci- 
 vility as thole they had juft departed from. 
 
 On the 24th, Mr. Gore and the marines were fent 
 on ihorc, to j^uard the people employed in cutting 
 wood and filling water, Cajitain Cooic, Mr. Banks 
 and the Doilor alio went on fliore ; the two latter 
 employed themfclvcs in collefliiig plants. In their 
 route they found in the vales many houfes uninhabited, 
 the natives refiding chiefly in flight llicds on the ridges 
 of the hills, which arc very ftecp. In a v.dlcy be- 
 tween two very high hills they faw a curious roclr, 
 that< formed a large arch, oppofitc to the lea: this 
 cavity was in length above fevcnty feet, in breadth 
 39, and near 50 in heighth ; it commanded a view 
 of the hill and the bay, which had a very happy cf- 
 feft. Indeed, the whole country about the bay being 
 agreeable beyond defcription, if properly cultivated 
 would be a moft fertile fpot. The hills are covered 
 with beautiful flowering (hrubs, intermixed wilh a 
 number of tall and ft.itely palms, which perfume the 
 air, and make it moft agreeably odoriferous. Mr. 
 Banks and the Dodlor found the ticc that produces 
 the cabbage, which, when boileJjswas very good ; 
 and fome other trees that yielded a fine traiifparenc 
 gum. Between the hills were fruitful vallcfs that 
 might have been fucccfsfully cultivated or turned into 
 paAuragc. Various kyids of edible herbage, were 
 met with in great abundance ; and there was reafon to 
 believe there were many trees that pioduccd fuiit fit 
 to eat, fome of which the gentlemen examined. The 
 plant from which the cloth is m.ide, is a kind of Hc- 
 merocallis, the leaves of which alFord a (lron'_t glolfy 
 flax,equally adapted tocloathing, and makingt.f ropcp. 
 There are fweet potatoes anil young plantains near 
 their houfes, which arc carefully cultivated. Thcfc 
 gentlemen, on their return, met an old man who enter- 
 tained them with the military exercifes of the native?, 
 which were performed wilh the Ptilia-Paloo, and the 
 lance. The former has already been mentioticd, and 
 is ufcd as a battle-axe, the latter is i8 or 20 feet in 
 length, made of extreme hard wood, and fharper.ed at 
 each end. A ftake was fublHtuted for their old w ar- 
 rior's fuppofed enemy i he firft attacked him with his 
 lance, when, having pierced him, the patoo-patoo w.-.s 
 ufed to dcmoliOi his head, and the force with which 
 he ftruck, would at one blow have fplit any man's 
 fcull. This mode of fighting induced the gentltm.n 
 to believe no quarter was ever given here in war. 
 The natives in this part are not very numerous, ihcy 
 ate tolerably well-lhaped, but lean and tall, their 
 faces reiemble thofe of the Europeans, their nofes are 
 aquiline, their eyes dark coloured, their hair is black, 
 which is tied up on the top of their heads, and their 
 beards are of a moderate length, their tataowing it 
 done yery curioufly in various figurcj, which make* 
 6 their 
 
 l-'iJ 
 
196 
 
 -THE VOYAGE Of 
 
 tSeir (kin refcmb)e carving i it is confined to the prin 
 cipal men, the females and fervants ufing only red 
 paint, with which they daub their faces, that other- 
 Wife would not be difagrceable. Their cloth is 
 White, glofly, and very even, it is worn principally 
 bythemcn, though it ii wrought by the women, who, 
 indeed, are condemned to all drudgery and labour. 
 
 On the 25th, the armourer's forge was fct up on 
 fliore fur ncceflary ufes. Mr. Banks and Dr. So- 
 lander went again in fearch of plants, Tupia, who 
 was with them, engaged in a converfation with one 
 of the priefts, and they feemed to agree in their 
 opinions upon the fubjcCt of religion. I'upia, in the 
 courfe of this conference, cnquirni whether the report 
 of their eating men was founded in truth, to which 
 the prieft anfwcrcd it was, but that they ate none but 
 declared foes, after they were killed in war. This 
 idea fo favaee and barbarous, proved, however, that 
 they carried their refentment even beyond death. 
 Captain Cook and Dr. Solander went on the 27th to 
 infpe^t the hay, when the doAor was not a little fnr- 
 prifed to find the natives in the pofleflion of a boy's 
 top, which they knew how to fpin by whipping it, 
 and he purchafcd it out of curiofity. Mr. Banks was 
 during this time employed in attaining the tummit of 
 a deep hill, that had previoufly engaeed their atten- 
 tion, and near it he found many mnabited houfcs. 
 There were two rows of poles about fourteen or fif- 
 teen feet high, covered over with fticks, which made 
 an avenue of about five feet in width, extending near 
 a hundred yards down the hill, in an irregular line: 
 the intent of this erection was not difcovered. When 
 the gentlemen met at the watering place, the Indians, 
 fang their war fong, which was a ftrange medley of 
 Ihouting, fighing, and grimace, at which the women 
 affifted. The next day Captain Cook and the other 
 gentlemen went upon the ifland at the entrance of 
 the bay, and met with a canoe that was 67 feet in 
 length, fix in breadth, and four in height ; her bot- 
 tom, which was (harp, confifted of three trunks of 
 tree'!, and the fides and head were curioufly carved. 
 I'here was a large unfinifhed houfe upon this 
 ifland, the pofts which fupported it were ornamented 
 with carvings, that did not appear to be done upon 
 the fpot, and as the inhabitants fecm to fet great va- 
 lue upon works of this kind, future navigators might 
 find their advantage in carrying fuch articles to trade 
 with. Though the pofts of this houfe were judged 
 to be brought here, the people feemed to have a tafte 
 for carving, as their boats, paddles, and tops of walk- 
 ing (licks evince. Their favourite figure is a volute 
 or fpiral, which is fometimes fingle, double, and 
 triple, and is done with great exa£lne(s, though (he 
 only inftrumenti the gentlemen faw were an axe 
 made of ftone, and a chilTel. Their tafte, however, 
 was extremely whimfical and extravagant, fcarcely 
 ever imitating nature. Their huts are built under 
 trees, their form is an oblong I'quare : the door 
 low on the fide^ and the window* are at the ends ; 
 reeds covered with thatch corapofe the walls, the 
 beams of the eare«i which come to the ground are 
 covered with thatch 1 rood of thehoufes the gentle- 
 men faw had been deferted, through fear of the £ng- 
 li(h, upon their landing. There are many beautiAil 
 parrots, and great numbers of birds of different kinds, 
 particularly one whofe note refemblet the European 
 black-bird ; but here is no ground fowl or poultry, 
 nor were there any quadru pedes, except rats and dogs, 
 and thcfe were not numerous. The dogs are con- 
 fidercd as delicate food, and their (kins ferve for or- 
 n.iment8 to their apparel. There is a great variety 
 of fi(h in the bay, fhell and cray fifli are very plen- 
 tiful, fome of the latter weigh near a dozen pounds. 
 
 Sinday, OAober 19, they fet fail from this bav, 
 which was called by the natives Ttlaga, It is fituate in 
 latitude 38' 22' fouth, four leagues to the north of 
 Gable-End Foreland ; there are two high rocks at the 
 entrance of the bay, which form a cove very good for 
 procuring wood and water. There is a high rocky 
 i/lajid ofi' the north point of the bay, which atTords [ 
 
 good anchorage, having a fine fumly bntforti, .ind frcm 
 lirven fo thirteen fathom water, and' is liltewiic (hclta- 
 ed from all but the nurth-ealt wind. 
 
 Captain Cook obtained nnthine here in trade but 
 fome fwcet potatoes, and a little Sft\. 'lliis is a very 
 hilly country, though it prefcnts the eye v\ itii an ■ijft:a- 
 able verdure, various w(Kids and many finall planta- 
 tions. Mr. Banks found a gnat iminber of trees 
 in the woods, quite unknown to European''-, the tire 
 wood rcfeinblcd the maplc-trce, ami nroduced a gum 
 of whitifli colour { other trees yielded a gum of a 
 deep yellow green. The only roots they met wItU 
 Were yams and fwect potatncs, though the f 11 ap. 
 pears \ny proper for producing every fpecies of ve- 
 getables. 
 
 Sailing to the northward, they fell in with a fmall 
 idand about a mile diftant from the north-eaft point 
 of the main, and this being the mod eaftern part uf 
 it, the captain named it tajt Capr, and the iOand EoJI Eafl-IHud. 
 IJlmJ, it was but fmall, and appeared barren. The 
 cape is in latitude, 37° 42' 30' fouth. 'I'here are 
 miiny fmall bays from Tolaga Hay to F;aft Cape. 
 When the Endeavour had doubled the cape, many vil- 
 lages prefented thcmfelves to view, and the adjacent 
 land appeared cultivated. In the evening of the 30th, 
 Lieutenant Hicks difcovered a bay to which his name 
 was given. Next morning, about nine, feveral ca- 
 noes came off from (bore with a number of armed men, 
 who appeared to h.ive hoftile intentions. Before thefe 
 had reached the fhip, another canoe, larger than an/ 
 that had yet been feen, full of armed Indians, came 
 o(F, and made towards the Endeavour with great 
 expedition. The ciptain now judjring It expedient 
 to prevent, if pofTible, their attackingjiim, ordered 
 a gun to be fired over their heads. This not pro- . 
 ducing the defired elTeA, another gun was fired with 
 ball, which threw them into fuch confternation that 
 they immediately returned much faftcr than they 
 came. This precipitate retreat, induced the captain 
 to give the cape, oft' which it happened, the name 
 of Copt Runaway ; it lies in latitude 37° 32' fouth, 
 and longitude 181° 4^ weft. 
 
 At day-break the next morning between ^o and 
 50 canoes were feen, feveral of which came oft as be- 
 fore, threatening to attack the Engli(h. There was 
 one of their chiefs who flourifticd his pike, and made 
 feveral harangues, feeming to bid defiance to thofe on 
 board the veflcl. At laft, after repeated invitations, 
 they came clofi: along-fide ; but inllead of (hewing a 
 difpofition to trade, the haranguing chief uttered a 
 fentence, and took up a ftone which lie threw againft 
 the (hip, and immediatclyafter they feized their arms. 
 They were informed by Tupia, ot the dreadful ton- 
 fequences of commencing hoftitities ; but this admo- 
 nition they (ecined little to regard. A piece of cloth, 
 however, happening to attraft their eyes, they began 
 to be more mild and reafonable. A quantity of cray 
 fi(h, mufcles, and conger celt was now purchafed by 
 the gentlemen. No fraud was attempted by this 
 company of Indians, but fome others that came after 
 them, took goods from the velTel without makin? 
 proper returns. As one of them that had rendered 
 himlelf remarkable for thefe pra(Slices, and feemed 
 proud of his (kill in them, was putting off with his 
 canoe, a mufquet was fired over his head, which cir- 
 cumftadce produced good order for the prefent. Yet 
 when thefe favages began to traffic with the failors, 
 they renewed their frauds ; and one of them was bold ' 
 enough to feizc fome linen that was hung to dr'', and 
 run away with it. In order to induce him to return, 
 a mufquet was firft fired over his head, but this not 
 anfwerine the end, he was (hot in the back with fmall 
 (hot, yet he ftill perfevered in his dclign. This being 
 perceived by his countrymen, they dropped a-ftern, 
 and fet up the fong of defiance. In confcquence of 
 their behaviour, though they made no preparations 
 to attack the veflisl, the captain gave orders to fire a 
 four pounder, which paffed over them ; but its ef- 
 kt\ on the water terrified them fo much, that they re- 
 treated with precipitation to the (hure. 
 
 A high 
 
 m 
 
CAPTAIN cook;. 
 
 197 
 
 Altlcnncn. 
 
 A high iAand was (ben to the wcftward in the 
 aftcrnuun, and other rocks and ifliinds appenviiig in 
 the fame quarter, the (hip not being able to weather 
 4hcm before night-tall, bore up between them and 
 the main land. In the evening a double canue, built 
 after the fame falliion as thufuof Otaheitc, came up, 
 when Tupia entered into a friendly converfation with 
 , them, and was told that the ifland, clofe to whitli the 
 
 iUtowtoheka. Endeavour lay, was called .I/i)u//9/>«riii itwasbutafew 
 miles from the main land, pretty high, but of no 
 great extent. Whenit was dark, thele Indians began 
 their ufual falute, pouired a volley of Rones into the 
 (hip, and then retreated, A high round mountain 
 was feen S. W. by W. of Mowtohera, which was 
 called Mount Edgccumbc by Captain Cook. Many 
 of the Indian canoes appeared the next morning, ami 
 one which appeared to be the fame that had given the 
 I'alutc the prececding night, came up. 1 hey oricc 
 more entered into a peaceable convcrfation with Tu- 
 jpia, which lafted about ah ^our, but afterwards dif- 
 charged another volley of (loncs at th': Endeavour i 
 in confcqiience of which infult, a mufquct was fired, 
 and they took to their paddles with precipitation. 
 
 The (hip failed in the afternoon of the fame day, 
 between a low flat ifland and the main. The villages 
 on the latter were more cxtcnfivc than any that they 
 had yet dilcovercd. "^liey we're upori the high land 
 next the fea, and were furiouiulcd by a ditch aiid a 
 liank with rails on the top of it. .Some of the inclo- 
 furcs here rcfembled a ruJu fort of fortiRcation, and 
 ^ the whole had the apjicarancc of a number of places 
 
 Ti'.„?"" "' calculated for defence. The name oCThtCourt of Al- 
 dtrmtn was givcii, on the 3d, to feveral fmall iflands 
 that lay in the neighbourhood, being diftant about 
 twelve miles from the maih; between which were 
 many other high iflands which were mofliy barren, 
 as indeed the main land here appeared to be ; and the 
 Whole fcemed but thinly inhabited. Teriitu was the 
 jiamc of the chief that governed the di(iri£t from Cape 
 Turn-again to this coaft. 
 
 Three canoes built difFei'cntly from thofc aboVe- 
 mentioncd came along-fide the Englilh vcfl'cl on Fri- 
 day. They were formed of the trunks of whole trees, 
 rendered hollow by burning, which were not orna- 
 mented or carved at all. The people on board were 
 of a darker complexion than the others ; they were 
 hoftile, and their manner of defiance was much the 
 fame as that of the other Indians already defcribcd. 
 Captain Cook failed afterwards towards art inlet, 
 that had been difcovered, and anchoriiig in fcveri fa- 
 thoms water, the (hip was fUrroiinded (bon after by a 
 number of canoes, the crews of which did not feem 
 difpofed to commit any a£l of hoftility. A bird being 
 (hot by one of the £ngli(h, the Indians, without (hew- 
 ing any furprife brought it on board, and were reward- 
 ed with a piece of cloth for their pains. It might be 
 imagined that this circumftance would have tended to 
 conciliate the afFeftions of thofe people \ but it hap- 
 pened otherwife: as fooh as it was dark, they fang one 
 of their fongs of defiance, and endeavoured to carry 
 f)fr the buoy of the anchor. Though fome mufqucts 
 were fired at them u]>on this occafion, they feemcd 
 rather to be irritated than frightened, and threatened 
 to return in grc.iter numbers, the next morning. In- 
 dead of this, they came tack about eleven t)n the 
 Sunday night, but retired when tliey fouhd that the 
 (hip's crew were upon their guard. 
 
 A great number of canoes came off, on the 4th in 
 the morning, on board of which were near 200 men, 
 armed with lances, fpcars, and ftohcs, who fcemed 
 determined to attack the (hip and would have boarded 
 her, had they known on what quarter they coilld beft 
 make their attack. 
 
 While the croiv wcri; watching their motions in 
 the rain, Tupia took all pofllbic pains to di(ruade the 
 Indians from attempting anv thing againft the Ehg- 
 !i(h i but his arguments had not (o good an efTeA as 
 thofe that came from the mouths of the mufquets, 
 which frightened them cfTeftually, and induced them 
 to begin tr.iding again; yet they could not leave off 
 Vol. I. N' 18. 
 
 their fraudulent praiHlcos. TIjcv fold twc> ot I'wir 
 we.ipiMisj but a third, fur ul.l.li iluy h.id r(io,\i.d 
 cloth, they wjuld not dili\tj, aiidnily l.iu^Iitd ;it. 
 thofe who demanded ,ii\ iqiii. alcnt The ull". 11 Jer w;is 
 wounded ; but his eountiyni.n <!iil not fteni difp A<.\ 
 to take notice of him j .uii! .iiiotli. r ciuioc w.is hit \' iili 
 (hot, the natives behavin;4 iii ihi f.inie nunjicr. 'l"lu- 
 people paddled away whilll a round lliut ua.-. fiteu 0H.1 
 them. 
 
 Searching for an anchoring place, the capt.un i'.iw 
 a fortified village on a high point near the hc;'.d of 
 the b.iy, and c:inie to un anchor when lie liad louml 1 
 village fortilied like thofe already iiotlccil. Some In- 
 dians came iil^' who hehaved better than ihofe ih it 
 had been on board before. An old man in partieul.ir. 
 whofe name was Tojiiva, tame with another Indian 
 to whom the captain prefcnted fome nails. Being in- 
 formed that thetnj»tifh h.ulno illdcfigns; tlil< man faid 
 they were often vinted by freebooters, from the north, 
 who (tripped them of all they could lay their hands 
 on, and often made captives of their children and 
 wives; and that being ignorant who the Knglilli were 
 upon their ftrft arrival, the nativohad taken (he alarm 
 upon the (hip's appearing off the coall, but were now 
 fatisfiedof thiir good intent. He added. That to I'ecuie 
 themfelves from thefe plunderers, their boiiles were 
 built contiguous to the tops of rocks, where they 
 were more able to defend themfelves. Probably thiir 
 poverty ahd mifcry may be afcribed to the ravages oF 
 this banditti, who often ftript them of every neci ll'ary 
 of life. Whilft they were hfliing for mullets in thp 
 b.iy, the Indians who came upon the banks ttflified 
 their friendfhip by every pofTible means, and ga\e 
 them an invitation tocomc on (liore. The afTurances 
 of friendfhip, which they had received from the gen- 
 tlemen on board, feemcd to have a proper influence 
 upon the natives, who were now very tractable aiul 
 fubmiflivc, and behaved with miich civility to thu 
 people in the lohg-boat, which was again difpatched 
 iiuo the bay to f|ini but with little fuccefs : the In- 
 dians, however, brought great quantities of fi(h drefs- 
 cd and dried ; and though they were indifferent, they 
 were purchated, that trade might not be difciuraged. 
 In a word, the natives treated the Englilli with great 
 hofpitality, fupplied them with wood and good vsater, 
 and the (hip l>eingvery foul-keeled, Icrublicd her bot- 
 tom in the b.iy. i 
 
 On the 8th of November they were vifited by feveral 
 canoes, in one of which was Tojava, who perceiving 
 two ftrange canoes paddling from the oppofite (horc, 
 fuddenly turned about arid acquainted the captain that 
 he was under apprehenfions the people in them were 
 freebooters, but foon found his mi(takc, and returned 
 to the (Kip. The Indians fupplied the (hip's crew 
 with as much excellent fi(h, refembling mackarel, as 
 was fuificient for all their dinners, for which they 
 gave tiiem fome pieces of cloth. A great variety of 
 plants was this day colIc(fted by Mr. fianks and Dr. 
 Solander, who hail never bbferved any of the kind 
 before. Thefe geiitlemeh remaiiied on (horetill near 
 dark, when they obfervcd the manners of the natives 
 difpofing of themfelves during the night; They lay 
 under fome bufhes ; the men ncarcft the fea in a Icmi- 
 circular form, and the women ahd children moft dif- 
 t-iht from it : their arihs wei-e plated againft trees, \'cry 
 near tljcm to defend themfelves in cafe of a furprife 
 frorh the freebooters. They h.id no king whofe fu- 
 vereignty they acknowledged, which was a circum- 
 ftance unparallelled on any other parts of the toafl. I 
 
 Early in the morning of the 19th feveral 'ranoes 
 brought a prodigious quantity of mackarel, one fort of 
 which was no way different from the mackarel caught 
 on our coaft. Thefe canoes were fucceeded by many 
 others, equally loaded with the fame fort of fi(h j and 
 the cargoes purchafcd were fo great, that when faltcd, 
 they might be confidered as a nxmth's provifion fov 
 the whole (hip's company. This being a very clear 
 day, the aflronomer (Mr. Green) and tlie other gen- 
 tlemen landed to obfervc the tranfit of Mercury, and 
 whilft the obfervation was making, a large canoe, with 
 Fff various 
 
 J700 
 
 ligh 
 
" .'-,.'* 
 
 to!< 
 
 THE VOYACK ok 
 
 i 
 
 iy('q v.ir.oii. coniiiu'JItits on honn!, camo aKiii(;-fiJi- tin- 
 v—,-^ ihi\< , .iiul Mr. (iiTc, the i>trucr who h.d thin t lie 
 minm.im', IkIm,; lUrioiu o( ciuour.i;:iii;; ihiiii to 
 tr.'ir.f, puiilm^il .1 piece uf (>t.ihi'iti-.iii clui'i, nf more 
 \,iliie ih.iii any thev h il jYt (ieii, whieh was inimrdi- 
 ■tlilv fi'i/id hv "UC i>t' llie liiJ:;ui«, who obftinatcly 
 fclulcil either to return it, «ir j.'ixe .iiiy thin^; in ex- 
 rhan;;e : he )\M tkiuly howc\er tor his teineriiy, 
 liiiii.ijfhut ileail nil th.- Ipot. 'I'heik'ath !■! thi*. )'iuii^ 
 liiJiaii alarm' li .ill the relf ; they fled with ^rcat pre- 
 cipitancv, and, for the prelent, could not be i'lduced to 
 ri new their tr.iflicit « ith the Knglilh. Hut when the 
 liidiunk on th'-te had h^ard the partivulars related hy 
 'I'c'ina, vho .'teatly condemned the eonduitt of the 
 ilccialed, thiv leenu.1 to think that lie h.id merited his 
 fale. Ill- ii.inir proved to be Otirreeonooc. This 
 ti.inlailion hipp^'iud, as has liecn nientinnrd, whilll 
 tlie iililri v.itiiui n as niakini^ of the traiilit of Mercury, 
 wIkii the u e.ither was fo lavouraMe, that the whole 
 ti inlit was lieucd, wiihoiit a cloud intervening. 
 Afr. (ireen niide the obfenatioii of in^refs, whilft 
 Captain Cook was cn:;a;^cd in nfccrtaining the time 
 b; t.ikini; ihc fuji's altitude. 'I"h- trnnfit commenced 
 fruii hours, io niin. 58 fee. Uy Mr. CJrecn's ob- 
 leivaiion the internal contaii^ w.r at 12 h^urs, ei^iht 
 inin. 57 lee the extendi at i ihovirs nine ir.iii. 54 lee. 
 thv ! itifude p de^. ^H niin. h\c Ice. In to.'ircquencc 
 o( tlii~ obi, nati.iii liaviiii; been made h;. re, this bay 
 Miuuiy B.iy. Was called Mruwy Jluy. 
 
 On the loih, Mr. Hanks, Dr. Solander, ami the 
 captain went in boats toinfpeita lar^e river that runs 
 liiio the bav. 1 hey found it broader fomc miles 
 within than .it the mouth, and iiitcrfeded int.7 .i num- 
 ber of Iheams, by leveral fmall illands, which were 
 covered with trees. On the eaft fide of the river tlie 
 gentlemen Ihot foilic fliajjs, which proved very (\ood 
 fating. The ftiore abounded with fifti of various 
 kiii.ls, fuch KS cockles, clams, aiidoyftcrs; and here 
 Wire alio duckF, (haj;s, and curlieus, with other 
 wild fowl in great plenty. — At the mouth of the 
 river there was good anchorage in five fathom water. 
 'IhegcnilLnicii were received with great hofpitalitv by 
 the inhabita:its of a little village on the laft tide of' the 
 riier. There are thire the remains of a fort called 
 Fpp.ih, on a |)cni:iljla that prcjei3s into the river, 
 iiiiJ it was talcwUiied for defending .1 fmall number 
 a^.iiiill a greater force. From the remains, it neverthc- 
 Jefs Itemed to have been taken and partly deftroyed. 
 
 The Indians fup before fun-fet, when they cat fi(h 
 and birds baked or roaHed i they roafl them upon a 
 flick, ftuck in fh.- groiipd near the fire, and bake 
 them in the nuinner tli-- dog was baked, which the 
 gentlemen cat at St. George's IlUnd. A female 
 mourner was prefeiit at one of their (uppers ; ftic ».ns 
 fcnted upon the g'oun.d, and wept incetl'antly, at the 
 fame time n.piating fome fentcnccs in a doleful man- 
 ner, hut wliicli Tupia could not explain ; at the ter- 
 mination of each period fhe cut herfelf with a Ihell 
 upon her bie.ift^ her handsj or her face j notwith- 
 ftandlni; this Moody fpeiftaclc greatly affcftcd the gen- 
 tlemen "pivl'ent, yet all the Indians m-ho fat by her, 
 except cue) were quite unmoved. I'he gentleitieti 
 law lorn.', who from the depth of their fears mull, 
 upon thefe occafioiis, have Wounded themfclvcs more 
 violentlv: 
 
 On November the i ith great plenty of oyftcrs were 
 procured from a bed which had been ilifcovcrcJ, and 
 they proved exceedingly good. Next day the fliip 
 i\'as vifited bv two canoes, with unknown Indians ; 
 after foiiie invitation they cnme on board, and they 
 all trafficked without any fraud. 
 
 'f'v.-o foriitied villages being defertcd, the Captain, 
 with Mr. HankS( and Dr. Solander, went to examine 
 thi ni; The linalleft was romantic^iUy (itiiated upon a 
 f ;ik, whie'l Was arched; this village did not confill 
 l)f a'l .ve live or fix houfes, fenced round, 'fhert 
 washutoile patli^ which was very narrow, that eon- 
 liu^teJ to it; The gentlemen weft invited by the in- 
 ha'iitaius !(• jiay them a vifitj but not having time to 
 ff''.lrcj to'lt another roiitcj after having made ptcfents 
 1 
 
 to the females. A 'nil ;' ft' n-rn v\OTCn ^rdiK" '.m 
 now approached the geniLmen i thereprii\ed in U- 
 the inhabitants of another town, which they pro,.. l.<i 
 viliting. They gave many telUnionies of their liieiiilly 
 dil'pnfitiom i among otiicrs they uttered the «nrd 
 lleiomai, which according to 'I'upi.i's iiit'^rpretat.un, 
 implied peace, and appeared much fatishid, « lien in- 
 formed the gentlemen iiitciulid viliting tluir habita- 
 tions. Their town was named Wharnetouwa. It i« 
 feati'd on a point of land ivcr the fea, on the north 
 fide of the bay i it was paled round, and del'iinlid by •» 
 double ditch. Within the ditch a Hagc isercftid for 
 defending the pl.ice in cafe of an attack ; near tliis 
 (lagc, t]uantities of darts and (tones arc depolitiJ 
 that they may always be in readinefs to repel the afi 
 failants. There i. another fiage tu command the path 
 that leads to the town -, and there were fome out* 
 works. The place Teemed calculated to hold out a 
 conlidcrablc time againll an enemy armed with no 
 other weapons than thofe of the Indians. It appeared 
 howcvcrdcficient in water for holding out a fiegc. In- 
 stead of bread, they ate fern root, which was here in 
 great plenty, with dried filh. Very little of the land 
 was cultivated, and fwect potatoes and yams were 
 the only vegetables to be found, 'I'h-reaie two rocks 
 near the fort of this fortiticntion, both feparatcd from 
 the main land ; they are very fmall, neverthelefs thtf 
 are not without dwelllng-houfes and little fortifica- 
 ti.nns. In their engagements tlwy throw (tones with 
 their hands, being deititute of a fling, and thofe and 
 lances are their only iniflible weapons j they have, be- 
 fidcs the patoo-patoo, already defcribed, a flaffattouC 
 five feet in length, and another (hortcr. The Eng- 
 lifh failed from this bay, after having taken polleflinn 
 of it in the name of the king of Great Britain, on 
 the isth of November. Tojava, who vifited them iti 
 his canoe juft before their departure, faid he ftiould 
 prepare to retire to his fott as foon as the Knglini 
 were gone, as tlic relations of Otirreonooe had 
 threatened to t.ike his life, as a forfeit for that of the 
 dceeafed. 'T'ojava being judged partial in this aftitir to 
 the Lnjiifli, 
 
 A number of idands of different fiics appeared to- 
 wards the north-weft, which were named Mertury ^ftreuirv 
 Ifafitit, Mercury Bay lies in latitude 36''47' fouth ; |,|,„j,/' 
 longitude 184" 4' welt, and has a fmall entrance at its 
 mouth. On account of the number of oyftets found 
 in the river, the Captain gave it the name of ()Ji.rO\Rtt River. 
 Rivtr : Alangrovt River (which the captain fo calleil M.rgroTe 
 from the great number of thofe trees that grew near Kivir. 
 it) is the moft fecure place for fllipping, being at the 
 head of the bay. 1 he north-weil (ide of this bay 
 and river appeared much more fertile than the caft 
 fide. The inhabitants, though numerous, have no 
 plantations; Their canoes arc very indifferently con- 
 ftruiTted, and arc not ornamented at all. Tliey lie 
 under continual apprehenfions of Terratu, being con- 
 fidered by him as rebels. Shore iron fand is to be 
 found in plenty on this coaft, which proves that there 
 .are mines of metal up the country^ it being brought 
 down from thence by a rivulet. 
 
 In the morning of the i8th, the Endeavour Iteercd 
 lx-t»cen the main, and an iHand which feemed very 
 fertile, and as extcnfive as Ulietca. Several canoes 
 filled with Indians, came along-fide here, and the 
 Indians fang their war fong, but the Endeavour's 
 people paying them no attention, tlicy threw a volley 
 of (tones, and then paddled away ; however they prc- 
 fently returned their infults. Tupia fpoke to theiii, 
 making ufe of his old argument, that inevitable de- 
 (IruiSion would cnfue if they perfiftcd j they an- 
 fwered by brandifhinir their weapons, intimating, that 
 if the Englifh uurftcomeon thorc, they would de- 
 ftroy them al!. Tupia (till continued in expollulating 
 with them, but to no piirpole ; and th'-y foon gave 
 another volley of (tones ; but upon a mufquct being 
 fired at one of their boats, they made a precipitate 
 retreat. Captain Cook caft anchor in 23 fathom wa- 
 ter in the evening, and early the next morning lii.' 
 failed up ao inlet. Soon after two canoes came oil, 
 
 and 
 
 '•^IwtMy. r'i<«' W Wr "'*^ 
 
'•^--^T,,;- 
 
 CAPTAIN COOK. 
 
 1 .r) 
 
 and fomc of the Indians c.imc on board. They 
 claimed an .ici|uaintuiicc with 'l'iij.iv:i, nnd knew 
 'I'upia's n:\nic ; :ind alter tin y liaJ rici-ivcd lonit- pa- 
 fcnts, thry rctiiid pcaciaHy. 'I'hc Kndi'avour was 
 now in the bay called by tiie natives ()raha()ur.ij;ee, 
 and Captain Cu.>k, with NIr. Hanks and Dr. Solaiuier, 
 andother*, wcnl in b(lal^ to the bottom of the bay tn 
 , examine it, anJ they did not return till next moinin;. 
 
 They had been up a frelh-water river in three t itimms 
 water, whah would make a good harbour, and h:id 
 met with an Indian town, and a hippah, or pl.ice i>l 
 refuse, the inhabit.iiits i'( which invited them to 
 lanif, and gave them a friendly reception. At the en- 
 trance of a wood they met with a tree gS feet hiyh 
 from the ground to the /ir(l braneh, ijuite ftrait, and 
 19 feet in circumference ; and they found iliU larger 
 trees of the fame kind as they advanced into the 
 
 Tli«me« River ^*'""'>'- The captain called this river Thamii^ as it rc- 
 fembled our river of that name. They alfo found fe- 
 vcral young cabb.iEjc-trccs, and a new fpecics of the 
 palm-nut. They weighed anchor the fame afternoon, 
 failing down the river w ith the tide, the wind blowing 
 frclh from north-north- weft. The next morning the 
 {Rood obliged them tocaft anchor again ; and the c^'p- 
 tain, witnDr. Solander, went on ftiorc to the weft- 
 ward, but made no obfervation worth teliitlnj;. 'I'he 
 ihip at their departure from it, was furrounded with 
 canoes, which induced Mr. Banks to remain on board, 
 that he might trade with the Indians. The chief ob- 
 jciS of thcfc people was paper, for which they ex- 
 changed their arms and clonths, and took no unfair 
 advantages. Thoiijh thcfc traders were in general 
 honcft in their dealings, there was one amongli them 
 who took a fancy to a half-minute glafs^ but was de- 
 tc£icd in fccrctini; it, and he was puniftied with a cit 
 of nine tails. The other Indians endeavoured to favc 
 him, but being oppofed, they got their arms from the 
 canoes, and fomc of the people in thetn attempted to 
 get on board. Mr. Banks and Tupia now coming 
 upon deck, the Indians applied to the latter, but he 
 having no influence upon Mr. Ilicks, the commanding 
 officer, informed them of thenatua'of the offender's 
 intended puniftiment, which pacified them, as they 
 fuppofed that death would have been the confcquence 
 of his crime. However he received twelve lafties, 
 and alfo a beating from an old man who was con- 
 ceived to be his fattier, or fomc near relation. After 
 this, the canoes went oft', and the Indians faid they 
 ihould be afraid to return. Tupia, notwithftanding, 
 prevailed on them to come back ; but they fecmcd to 
 have loft much of that confidence which they had be- 
 fore repofed in Captain Cook and his people; The 
 wind continuing ftill unfavourable, the velFel was 
 forced to go down the river with the tide on the 
 
 Point Rodney. 23d, and paflcd a point called Pcint KoJnty, to the 
 north-weft. During a courl'c of near 30 miles, as 
 they could not approach the Und, they had butadit- 
 tant view of the main. Under the name of the River 
 Thames, the captain comprehended the whole bay; 
 
 Cape Culville.and he gave the name of Cape Cilvittt to the promon- 
 tcryat the north-eufternmoft extremity, in honour of 
 Lord Colvillc. This cape is to be diftinguifticd by a 
 higjh rock, and lies in 36" i6' of fouth latitude, longi- 
 tude 194° 17' weft. The river ruiis fouth by caft from 
 the fouthern point of the cape. In fome parts, it 
 is three leagues over, for about fourteen leagues, after 
 which it becomes narrower. Abundance of fiftj were 
 fuppofed to lie in this river, as there appeared many 
 inftruments propci' for carrying On a fiflicry. 
 
 In fome places the water was 26 fathoms deep, and 
 the depth diminifiicd gradually, and the anchorage is 
 good in all parts of the bay. Captain Cook gave the 
 
 B»rrierlfland«""'"'^°'^ ^<"^ri"' Iflan.U to fomc iflcs which flicker it 
 from the fe.i. The country feemcd to be thinly inha- 
 bited. As to the natives they were a ftiort andaflivc 
 people. Their bodies were painted all over with a 
 red colour. Their canoes were well conftru£ted, and 
 ornamented with carved work. 
 
 Captain Cook ftill continued ftcering alonj: 
 fliorc between the illands and the main, and an - 
 
 x~M 
 
 I L'v 
 
 elitiredoii the izthin !.(. f.itliom wntcr, iii an n,'!*,' 
 b..), uhere a luimber ol tilh i,l thf bream kinl I'inj' 
 taken, /jVc.vi /',;,■ wa-. the n.ime ;Mven to it I'V im 
 voja^ers. It lies in jj 4()'(i| fmiin latltiul', bcin^ 
 alHuil 17 leagues luuih-wift u\ Cai'e Colville '^ 
 miniher of rocks weie llin oft" this bav uhch tluy 
 lalledthe Hell and C'hii.k'iis. 'Ihj laiiil cxtinilini; 
 liirabout ^oniiles between Point RihIpi y am! lliispl.ci. 
 is low and woodv. The liii'lifti fa>\ none of the na- 
 tivi>, but ii'iieliulcd f:.'m 11., (ins v.hicli ihvpc - 
 leived at ni;;ht, that till, place Wi.-. iii't ui.inli.i'.M:' J 
 Karly in the murniir.; tl.e (hip failed out nf tlie V\, 
 keepini; near ihc Ihnri to the iioitliward. S'"inafur 
 they tlifcovered (oiiie iflaiuls about ih'ee leagues 10 ihi; 
 nortli-iKirth-ealf, wliiie there wrre ciltivaled laivU 
 and a few towns that appc.ucd to be fvM tilled. To 
 tliife they ga\e the appillalioii ( f "//./ /'^ir A'>...f//j.'Ci,c )'.i.r 
 A nuinber of iiuliniis appriiaeh' d the VeHll to.vaij lii li;lit5 
 :ii;jht, and two of llieir c1m;'Is emnin^ "n board, ga'\; 
 the Englifh to uiuleilland that tluy w.re in^t i-noi.'iit 
 of their arrival in that part of the world. C>t'i.i 
 Indians came, in or.lir to trade aft.r they wltc yonc \ 
 but thelcbeginniiij^ to pilfer, were lired upon, and re- 
 treated with preei|iitati<iii.— 
 
 I'hc Knglilh coiuimud failin;; flowly along to the 
 northward ; and on tlie 26tli, fume iiiiiie ot the In • 
 dians in two canoes, came on bo: iJ, ami earned on 
 a fair traffic. Tluv were followed by two lar-.er ca- 
 noes, the people rin hoaid of which, after havir.j; held 
 a conference with them came aloni; fide of the Mll^l. 
 Thcfc laft were adorned with carving. The p.-oplc 
 who feemcd to be of the higher order were armed with 
 various weapons. Their patoo-patoos, which were 
 m.ide of ftonc and whale-boiie, were h-KI in hiu'h cf- 
 timation, and they were ornaiiKiited wlih dny\ hair. 
 The complexion of thefe people was dai!er tli.'ii that 
 of thofe to the fouth, and their faces were il.iiiied \vit!i 
 amoco. I'hey were given to pilfeniu!, of which one 
 of them gave an inftancr, pietendin;.' to l\irti r a wea- 
 pon for a piece of clotli, which latter he ran away 
 with, without fuliillin.; his agreement, nor was he 
 at all difpofed to do, till a miiliijct bein;^ tlied brought 
 him back again. 
 
 Tlievcflei paflinga remarkable high point of land, 
 it was called (.'«/;<■ />'r<-«, in honour t^f the baronet o! Cjj t Urjt:. 
 that name. There is a curious rocky illaiul to the 
 north-caft by north, which is arched, and at a dif- 
 tance, has a picafing efpcit. This is called Motuv- 
 ogo by the n.itivcs, and lies in 35' 10' 30' foutli, 
 and longitude 185" 23" weft. It t'orms a bay to the 
 weft, which contaihs inany fmnll illands, and Captain 
 Cook hamed the point at the north-weft entranen 
 PtiH Ptcoch. There are many villages on the main Point Pocotke. 
 as well as on the iflanos, which appeared well inha- 
 bited, and fcveral canoes filled » ith Indians, made to 
 the (hip ; and after coming along-fidc to trade, fliewed 
 the famedtTire of cheating as the others. tJrjie o»" the 
 midftiipmcn was fo nettled at being impofed upon, 
 that he had recourfc to a whimfical expedient by w ay 
 of recovery: he took a fiftiing- line, and threw the lead 
 withfo much dexterity, that the hook caught the In- 
 dian who had impol'ed upon him by the buttocks, when 
 the line breaking, the hook remained ill his polKriors. 
 Thefe Indians were ftrong and well-proportioned; 
 their hair was black, and tied tip in a bunch ftucic 
 with feathers; the chiefs among them had garments 
 made of fine cloth, ornamented with dog-lkin ; and 
 they were tataowed like thofe who had laft appeared. 
 On the 27th the ErtdeaVour was among a number of 
 fmall iflands, from which feveral canoes came oft", 
 but the Indians^ from theii" frantic gcftures, IVeined 
 dilordcred in their minds ; they threw their fUh into 
 the ftiip by handfdls, witHodt demanding any thing 
 by way of barter. Soiiic other Canoes alfo came up, 
 who faluted the ftiip with ftoncs. One of the In- 
 dians, who was particularly active, threw a ftick at 
 one of the Endeavour's men. It was then judged time 
 to bring them to reafonj and a mufquct wlili fmall 
 Ihot was fired at him, when he f.ll in the canoe. A 
 general terror was now fp read among them, and they, 
 
 4(1 
 
/ 
 
 -^^K.- 
 
 103 
 
 THE VOYAGE O V 
 
 1761) 
 
 all niAje i very precipilaw retreat. Amonn the fifti 
 ol'i.iiiitd from tlii-fi- cjiuxs wiitv./tw/Af in j;u.u iiUiitv, 
 .mil lor this rcil'on the c.i|n,iiii called tlu ic in.iiuK bv 
 the r^ini. ii.mie. For Icvrrul tljy« tlie wiiiJ wjn lo very 
 uiifatourablc, that the vilIU rather loit than gained 
 ground. On the aoth, having weathered Cape Hrett, 
 tlity bore away to leeward, and got into a large bay, 
 where they anchored on the (nuth-well lidc of feveral 
 iHandii, and fuddenly came into four fathoms and a 
 half water. Upon foundinir, they found they had 
 Ijot upon a bank, and accordingly weighed and drop- 
 ped over it, and anchored again in ten fathonii and 
 1 half, after which they were furrounded by thirty- 
 ihrie large canoes, containing near three hundred 
 Indians all armed. Some uf them were admitted on 
 board, and Captain (Jovie gave a piece of broad cloth 
 to one of the chiefs, and fome fmall prefents to the 
 I'ther. They traded peaceably for fome time, beiii^ 
 t. rrilicd at the lire-armA, with the eD'cets of which they 
 wcie not unacquainted t but whilli the captain was ut 
 dinner, on a fi^nal given by one of the chiefs, all 
 the Indians quitted the ftiip, and .ittemptcd tu tow 
 .nvay the buoy j a mufquet was now fired over them, 
 hut it produced no cliect ; fmall (hot was then fired 
 at ihein, but it did not reach them. A mufquet loaded 
 with ball, was therefore ordered to be fired, and Otc- 
 goowgoow (fon of one of the chiefs ) was wounded in 
 the thigh by it, which induced them immediately to 
 throw the buoy overboard. To complete their con- 
 iufion, a round fhot Wiis fired, which reached the 
 ihore, and as foon as they landed, they ran in fcarch 
 ol it. If thefe Indians had been under any kind of 
 military difcipline, they might have proveu a mucli 
 more formidable enemy ; but ailing thus, without 
 vny plan or regulation, they only expofed themfelyes to 
 the annoyance of the fire-arms, whilft they could not 
 poflibly fucceed in any of their dcfigns. The Cap- 
 tain, \Ir. Banks, and Dr. Solandcr, landed upon the 
 ifland, and the Indians in the canoes foon .'\fter came 
 on ihore. The gentlemen were in a fmall cove, and 
 they were prtfently furrounded by near 400 armed 
 Indians ; but the captain not fufpeding any hoHile 
 defign on the part of the natives, remained peaceably 
 difpofcd. The gentlemen, marching towards them, 
 drew a line, intimating that they were not to pafs it ; 
 they did not infringe upon this boundary for fome 
 time i but at length, they fang the fong of defiance, 
 and becan to dance, whilft a party attempted to draw 
 f ho Endeavour's boat on fliore, thefe fignals for an attack 
 being immediately followed by the Indians breaking 
 in upon the line } the gentlemen judged it time to de- 
 fend ihemfelves, and accordiri^ly the captain fired his 
 mufquet, loaded with fmall fliot, which was feconded 
 by Mr. li.niks's difcharging his piece, and two of the 
 men followed his example. This threw the Indians 
 into confufion, and they retreated, but were rallied 
 again by one of the chiefs, who fhouted and waved 
 his patoo-patoo. The Doftor now pointed his muf- 
 quet at this hero, and hit him : this flopped his career, 
 and he took to flight with the other Indians. They 
 retired to an eminence in a collcifled body, and fecmed 
 dubious whether they (hould return to the charge. 
 They were now at too great a diftance fora ball to reach 
 them, but thefe operations being obfcrved from the 
 fliip, (he brought her broadfideto bear, and by firing 
 over them, foon difperfed them. The Indians had in 
 their flcirmifh two of their people wounded, but none 
 killed : peace being thus reftored, the gentlemen 
 began to gather celery and other herbs, but fuf- 
 peding that fome of the natives were lurking 
 about with evil defignsj they repaired to a c.tve, 
 whi>h was at a fmall didancc. Here they found the 
 chief, who had th.it day received a prefcnt from the 
 Captain 1 he came forth with his wife and brother, 
 and folicited their clemency. It appeared, that one 
 of the wounded Indians was a brother of this chief, 
 who wai under great anxiety left the wound fhould 
 prove mortal, but his grief was in a grcit degree alle- 
 viated, when be was nude acquainted with the dif- 
 
 ferent efredls i>f fmall (\,<i: and lull i he wa, U thi 
 f.iine time all'iiied, thit iippii any larther hjtfiiiiir» 
 being eoiniiiiiliil, hall would lie ul'.d. Tli^ itil r- 
 view (eriiiiii..te.l very cordially, alter fonic iiirtiiij 
 prefeni* were in.tde to the chiei and his ci<iii;iani<<n.<. 
 " 'I'hc ptiideiiee of thegeiiiJMiun ^lay* nui author) 
 cannot be nuicli coinniemled : for ii.id tliel'e 4^0 
 Indians boldly rufhed in upon them at omi wuhthrii 
 weapon!!, the nuil'queiry could h'lve done \erv iiltltf 
 execution ) but fupijoling twenty or thntv ol tile In- 
 dians had been wiMiiuUd, a.i it docs not appear tlKJi' 
 pieces were lo.ukd. vs'itli ball, but only im;wl lh>tt, 
 there would have remained a fuflieieiit luimlKT to li.,vo 
 mall'acred tlu 111, as it appears they do not t,ive any 
 quarter, and mine could have been expected upon th>s 
 (lecafion. It ii true, when the lliip brought her 
 hroadliile to bear, (he might have madi' gie.it havoeic 
 amongi) the Indians) but this would have hren tou 
 late to lave the party on Ihore. — Ueiii;; in th(irboat«» 
 the Knulilh ro»ed to another part of the fame illand, 
 when landing and gaining an eminence, they had u 
 very agrirable and roniaiitie view of a gre.it number 
 of fmall iHaiuIs, well inhabited and cultivated." 
 
 The inhabitants of an adjaecnt town approae-hej 
 unarmed, and tellified great humility and fubniinion. 
 Some of the party on fliorc who had been very vioUni 
 for having the Indians puninied for their fraudulent 
 condui5l, were now guilty of trefpalTes equally repie- 
 henfible, having forced into fome of the plantations^ 
 and dug up potatoes. 1 "ae captain, upon this oeca- 
 fion fliewed ftriiil juiiice in punilliing each of the of- 
 fenders with tweUe laihcs : one of them being very 
 rcfraiflory upon this occafion, and complaining of th« 
 hardfhip, thinking an EngllOiman had a rij^ht to 
 plunder an Indian with impunity, received fix .tddi- 
 tioiial lafties for his reward. 
 
 As it was quite a dead calm on the 30tn day of 
 this months two bouts were fent to found the har- 
 bour ; when many canoes came up and tr.idcd with 
 great probity ; the gentlemen Went again on Ihore 
 and met with a very civil reception from the na- 
 tives j and this friendly ihtercourfc continued all 
 the time they remained in thj bay, which w.ts feveral 
 days. Being upon a vlfit to the old chief, he Ihtwcd 
 them the inftrumcnts ufed in tataowing, which 
 were very like thofe employed at Otaheitc upon the 
 like occafion. They law the man who had been 
 wounded by the ball, v>hen the attempt was made 
 to carry on the (hip's buoy ; dnd though it had 
 gone through the flelhy part of his arm, it did 
 not fecin to givie him the Icall pain or uhcafincfs. On 
 Tuefday the 5th, in the morning, they weighed an- 
 chor, but were foon becalmed, and a ftrong Current 
 fitting towards the (liore, they were driven in with 
 I'uch rapidity, that they expelled every moment to 
 be run upon the breakers, which appeared above watef 
 not more than a cable's length diftance, and they were 
 foncarthe land, that Tupia, who was totally igno- 
 rant of the danger, held a converfation with the In- 
 dians, who were (landing on the beach. They were 
 happily relieved however, from this alarming filua- 
 tionbyafreih breeze fuddenly fpringing up from the 
 Ihore. The bay which they had left was called TVv 
 Bny of //lanJs, on account of"^ the numerous iflandsit^^"^' ■'**''• 
 contains ; they caught but few fifh while they lay 
 there, but procured great plenty from the natives, 
 who were extremely expert in fifhing, dnd dirplayeil 
 great ingenuity in the form of their nets, which 
 were made of a kind of grafs ; they were two or three 
 hundred fathoms in length, and remarkably ftrong, 
 and they have them in fuch plenty, that it is fcarceVy 
 pollible tCi go a hundred yards without meeting with 
 numbers lying in heaps. Thefe people did not ap- 
 pear to be under the government of any particular 
 chief or fovercign, and they feemed to live in a per- 
 feflftnteof friendlhip, notwithftanding their villages 
 were fortified. According to their obfervations upon 
 the tides, the flood comes from the fouth, and there is 
 a current from the weft. December 7, feveral ca- 
 nons 
 
 N( 
 
 Wood 
 Cinnc 
 
 Allmi 
 Poioc. 
 
 ■^? 
 
CAPTAIN COOK. 
 
 am 
 
 I igno- 
 In- 
 ■y were 
 „ fitun- 
 rom the 
 
 J . Bjv of IflioJs. 
 lands It ' 
 
 hey lay 
 
 latiVcs, 
 
 rplaytJ 
 
 which 
 )r tlircc 
 (Ironc, 
 carccly 
 ig with 
 not ap- 
 •ticul.ir 
 a pcr- 
 villagcs 
 
 is upon 
 Ithcrc is 
 
 :ral ca- 
 hoiu 
 
 Knuckle Tolnt 
 Sinily Bay. 
 
 MouacCuncl. 
 
 no»» put oflT ani! fo1!niT\'cJ the EndMvniir, hut a brcric 
 nrifiiig, Captain Cnok did not w.iit (or thi-m. On 
 the 8ln they taikrd, and IIoihI in (or thu Ihorfi ond 
 on the Qth ihry were about (even Ic.i^nen to the wc(l- 
 ward ol the Cavalles, and foon after tame tu a drep 
 Poubtlifi Bay b»y, whiih the captain named Douhtlfft Hm. I he 
 wind prevented their putting in here, and heingfuon 
 ■ftcr bcralmed, they were vifited hy Cevcral canoci 
 from fliore, with whom they trafficked. Kiomthrfe 
 Indianslhey learned, thatthev were ahout two days lail 
 from iMicrrZ/'Ar/WKfl, where the land changed its (nape, 
 and inltead of extending to the welllvard, t urntd to the 
 fouth I and that to the north-north-wrll there wn 
 lin extenfive country, named Vlimanah, where the 
 inhabitants lived upon hog^, which tliry calKd Bioah, 
 whichwasthe fame name given them hy the inhabitants 
 of the idands in the Soiilii Seas. They (aw upon the 
 coaft feveral plantations of the liaowtr, or cloth trees, 
 and fome of the Koomarra. They bca'. to windward 
 four days, and made but little way. 
 
 On the loth, the land appealed low and barren, 
 but wai not deltitute of inhabitants ) the next morn- 
 ine they flood in with the land, which forms a pen- 
 iniula, and which the Captain named KnmUt Punt. 
 Another bay, that lies contiguous, Captain Cook 
 called Sandy Rnj, in the middle of it is a high moun- 
 tain, which was named Atiunl Ciimtl, on account of 
 its rcfembling that animal ) feveral canues put of}°, but 
 could not reach the (hip, whicli now tacked and lioou 
 to the northward, till the afternoon of the i7.th, when 
 fhc itood to the north-ead. I'owards night it began 
 to rain and blow, and in the morning it was fo tcm- 
 peduous as to fplit the main-top fail, and the I'ore- 
 mizen-top fails. Early in the morning of the 14th 
 they faw land to the fouthward, and on the 15th they 
 tacked and ftood to the weftvvard j next day thcv di(- 
 covercd land front the mall-head to the fcuth-(outh- 
 weft, and on the i6th came off the northern cxtremi- 
 NorihCape. 'Y "^^ New Zealand, which the captain called Nirth 
 Cape. It lies in lat. 34,' 22' fouth, and long. iB6° 
 55' well, and forms the north jioint of Sandy Bay. 
 I heir fituatioii varied but little till the ;>4th, when 
 they difcovercd land, which they judged to be the 
 illands of Tht Ih'ti Kings, though they did not refemblt 
 the defcription of them in IJalrymple's account. The 
 chief ifland is in lat. 34" 12' fouth, and long. 187'' 
 48' weft, between 14 and 15 leagues from North 
 Cape. Mr. Banks went out in the (mall boat, and 
 caught fome birds that greatly refemblcti ecefe, and 
 they were very good eatinz. On the 27th it blew 
 very hard from the eaft all day, accompanied with 
 heavy (howcrs of rain, and they brought the (hip 
 under a reefed main-fail. On the 30th they faw land, 
 bearing north-eaft, which was thought to be Cape 
 Maria Van Dicmen, but the fea being very boifte- 
 rous, they did not venture to approach it, but taclced 
 about and flood to the nor'h-wcft. 
 
 January ift, 1770, they tacked and ftood to the 
 eaftward, and on the 3d they faw land again ; it was 
 high and flat, and tended away to tlie fouth-eaft, be- 
 yond the reach of the naked eye. It is remarkable, 
 that the Endeavour was three weeks in making ten 
 leagues to the weftward, and that (he met with a vio- 
 knt gale of wind in lat. 35"' fouth, at Midfummer. 
 On the morning of the 4th they ftood along the (hore, 
 the coaft appeared fandy and barren, dreary and in- 
 hofpitablr. Steering northward on the 6th they faw 
 land again, which they imagined to be Cape Maria : 
 on the 7th they had light brce7.cs, and were fome- 
 tiines becalmed, when they faw a fun-fi(h, (hort and 
 thick in figure, with two large (ins, but fcarcelv any 
 tail, refcmbling a (hark in colour and fize. They 
 continued fteenng taft till the 9th, when they per- 
 ceived land, and were foon after abreaft off a point, 
 Wooily Head, which Captain Cook named tVosdy Htai. From the 
 fouth-weft there is a fmall illand, which the captain 
 eannct Iflanil. called Gannrt IJltind. Another point remarkably high 
 An«raf "* *he.<eaft-north-eaft, the captain named Atbetrefi 
 Point ' '**"'» "" *' north-(ide of which a bay is formed that 
 promifes good anchorage. At about two Impucs dif- 
 • Vol. f. N ' t8. '' 
 
 fancc from Albetroft Point, to the north-eaft thi^ 
 di(o)vcretl ■ remarkable high mountain, ctju.il in 
 hfij.'ht to that of Tenrnft'e, the lummit of which was 
 covered with fnow, and it was named Mount Kg- 
 niont. It is in lat. 30" 16' fouth, and long. 185 15' 
 well, and the country rmind it is pleaf.uit, pitleiitini; 
 an agreeable verdure, interlei'ted with woods. 'I he 
 coafl forms an extenfive cape, which tlie captain likc- 
 wifo called dif/ b'gnnni, ill honour of the noblc- 
 iiian of that nnmc. It is about 27 leagues to the 
 fouth-fmith-wcft point of Albetrofs Point, having two 
 fmall iflaiuU to (lie north, mar a very high point of 
 a come (ii-.iire. Tins day lome very heavy (howeri 
 ol rain fell, accompanied with thunder and liglitcning. 
 " The captain (fays my author) propofed careen- 
 ing the (hip here, and taking in wood and water, and 
 accordingly, on the i5th Itcercd for an iiiKt, whell 
 it being ainioft a calm, the Ihip was carried very near 
 the (hure, but got clear with the afTiftance of the 
 boats. \Vhilft this was doing, a fea-lion made its 
 appearance i a very curious creature, and anfwering 
 the defcription given of it in I.oid Anion's voyage. 
 The captain fciit the pinnace to examine a fmall covs 
 that appeared, but loon after recalled her, on feeing 
 the natives launch and arm their canoes. The Endea- 
 vour anchored in a commodious part of the bay. In 
 
 I failing towards this I'lrot an Indian town was defcricd, 
 
 II when the inhabitants waved their hands, fcemingly to 
 invite the Endeavour's people to land. In paliinz 
 the point of the bay, they obferved an armed centincl 
 on duty, who was twice relieved. Four canoes came 
 from the Ihorc to vilit the (hip, but none of the In- 
 dians would venture on board, except an old man, 
 who feemed of elevated rank ; his countrymen took 
 great pains to prevent his coming on board, but they 
 could not divert him from his purpofe, and he was 
 received with the utmoft civility and holpitality. 
 Tupia and the old man joined nofes, according to the 
 cuftom of the country, and after receiving feveral 
 pnfents, he returned to his affociates, when they be- 
 gan to dance and laugh, and foon after retired. The 
 captain and the other gentlemen now went on (hore, 
 where they met with plenty of wood and water, and 
 were very fucccfsful in fiihing, catching fome hun- 
 dred weight in a (hort time. 
 
 •• On the i6ththeEndeavour'spcopIewereengaged 
 in careening her, when three canoes came off witn a 
 great number of Indians, and broueht feveral of their 
 women with them. This circumlTance was Judged a 
 favourable prefage of their peaceable difpofition, but 
 they foon gave proofs of the contrary, by attempt- 
 ing to ftop the long-boat that was lent on Ihorc for 
 water, when Captain Cook had recourfe to the old 
 expedient of (iring fome (hot, which intimidated them 
 for the prefcnt ; out they foon gave frc(h proofs of 
 their inhdious dcfigns. One of them fnatchcd fome 
 paper from the Endeavour's people, who were trading 
 with them, and brandi(hing his patoo-patoo, put him- 
 felf in a threatening pofture, upon which it was judged 
 expedient to (ire fome (hot at him, which wounded 
 him in the knee. This ftep put an end to the corre- 
 fnondence with regard to trade ; but Tupia ftill con- 
 tinued convcrfing with them, and making enquiries 
 concerning the curiofities of New Zealand; he alio 
 afktd them, if they had ever before feen aftiip as large as 
 the Endeavour, to which they replied, they had not, nor 
 evcrheardfuchave(relhfldbeen upon the coall : though 
 Tafman certainly touched here, which was only fifteen 
 miles fouth of Murderer's Bay. There is great plenty 
 of tt(h in all the coves of this bay, among others here 
 are cuttle-fi(h, large breams, fmall grcv breams, fmall 
 and large baracootas, flyin? gurnard, horfe mackrcl, 
 dog-fifh, folcs, dabs, mullets, drums, fcori>enas, or 
 rock-(i(h, co1c-(i(h, (hags, chimeras, &c. 1 he inha- 
 bitants catch their (i(h as follows : their net is cylin- 
 drical, extended by fc\eral hoops at the bottom, and 
 contrafled at the top ; the (i(h going in to feed upon 
 what is put into the net, are caught in great 
 abundance ; there are alio birds of various kinds, 
 and in great numbers, particularly parrots, wood- 
 Cx g g pigeoiiSj 
 
 C.i[ ( F.^ninnt. 
 

 I ( 
 
 ? 
 
 I 
 
 *C1 
 
 1770 
 
 THE V O Y A O S OF 
 
 p'gfoni, water h«nii, hiwk«, >nd many ditlVrL-nt 
 iinuiiig liirJ . All herb, a I'lwcictot PhilnMljihui, \\*% 
 ulcil III re iiillcad uf Irii, and « pl.mt rallctl ricgocjinnic, 
 rrrrnibling rii(;-rlciakit, Icrval the native* ri>r ^Ainiciil^, 
 The inviiuiH dl' ihccovc where llu: Enjcjvniir l.iy is 
 C»vcrt'il entirely with wuinI, iiiid the fiipple J.>> kt .m 
 fi> nuincruui, that it ii with dilKculiy ihitt p,illin|^i:ri 
 rJil pmriio their way 1 here i^ a nunieruui l.iiiJ lly, 
 that IS vtiy Jil'.igrceablc. The t(ip:. ul manv lulls \>err 
 covered witli fern. 'I'lic nir ol' the country ts very 
 muiK, and has fninc qu.ilitici that proiiKJte putiet.ie- 
 tioii, »> bird* that had bi>. 11 (hut but a lew Ikjuih were 
 fuuiid with maggot* in them. The women uho ac- 
 companied the men in the canoe*, wore a hcad-drelH, 
 which the gentlemen had no where met with biture, 
 it wai coniuufeil of black fcathcri, tied in a bunch nn 
 the top of the head, which greatly incieafed it* height. 
 'I'he manner of their difpoflng of their dead i» very 
 (liferent to what it inai^ifedin their foutlurn itland^i, 
 tlicy tie a large (tone to the body, nnd throw it into 
 tile lea. The gentlemen faw the body of a woman 
 which had hern dirpul(.'d of thi* way, hut which, by 
 fome aecidtnt h.id difengagcd itiell from the Hone, 
 and was floating upon the water. The Captain, 
 Mr. tiankj, anJ the DoL'lor vilited another cove, 
 about two niileii from the fliip. There wai a fa- 
 mily of Iiidi.mj who were greatly alarmed at the 
 approach of thcfe gentlemen, all running away except 
 one i but upon Tupia's cunverfing with him, the 
 others return«l. They found, by the piov ilions of 
 (his famil)', that they were canibals, here being fe- 
 vcral Iiuman buncs that had been lately drell'ed and 
 picked, and it appeared that a (hort time before, fix 
 of their enemies having fallen into their han.ls, they 
 had killed four and eaten them, and that the other 
 two wiie drowncil in endeavouring to make their 
 tleape. They made no fecret of this .iboiniiiabic cuf 
 torn, but aiilwercd Tupia, wlio was difiied to afcer- 
 tain the fact, with great compofurc, that his conjec- 
 tuu's were juft, that they were the bancs of a man, 
 and tolfificd by figiis, that they though 1 hum in flefh 
 delicious food. Upon being afked, \Vhy they had 
 not eaten the body of the woman that had been llo:\t- 
 ing upon the water? they anfwercd, She died of a 
 difcrder, and that moreover flic was related to them, 
 anil they never ate any but their enemies. L'pnnM 
 Banks llill teflifying iomc doubts concerning thcfaift, 
 one of the Indians drew the bone of n nun's arm 
 through his mouth, and this eeiitleman had the cu- 
 riofity tu bring it away with him. Tlieie was a wo- 
 man in this family wliofc arms and lc::s were cut in a 
 i)iockine manner, and it appeared fhe li.id thus wound- 
 ed herfelf becaulc her huloand had lately Ikcii killed 
 and eaten by the enemy. Some ot the Indians 
 brought four (kulls one day to fell, w hieh they rated 
 at a very high price. The brains hiul been taken out, 
 and probably eaten, but the fkuU and hair frniaincJ 
 They fccined to have been dried by tiie, in order to 
 
 rrcfervc them from putrefaflion. The gentlemen 
 ikewife faw the bail of a canoe, which was made of 
 a human Ikull. On the whole their iilcas were fo horrid 
 and brutiOi, that they feemed to pride them felves upon 
 their cruelty and barbarity, and took a particular pica- 
 fure in (hewing the manner in which they killed their 
 enemies, it being confidered as very meritorious to be 
 expert at this dellrui^iun. The method ufed was to 
 Jtnocic them down with their patoo-pat<x)s, and then 
 J-ip up their bellies. 
 
 " Cireatnumbcrsof birds ufually began their melody 
 about two o'clock in the morning, and fercnaded the 
 gentlemen till the time of their rifing. This har- 
 mony was very agreeable, as the fliip lay at a con- 
 ireuient diftancc from tlie (hor': to hear it. Thefe 
 featheicil chorifters, like the £ii^li(h nightingales, 
 never fing in the day-time. 
 
 "On the 1 7th, the (hip was vifited by a canoe from 
 (lie liippah, or village; it contained, among others, 
 the aged Indian, of fupcrior diltiniSion, who had firlt 
 vifitcdthc f^n;;!ini upon their arrival. In a conference 
 wbicU Tu^)ia had with him, he tclliiud his .ipprehcn- 
 
 '. •• J i 
 
 fionn, that their enfmle' tvi'iilit vfry fixN villi them, 
 
 and upay the loiiiplimeiil, lor killing an ' laliiig tlie 
 lour men. On the iKth ihiy nieivisl im « ilii hkih 
 the Indianti hut going out in the puinaee l<i iiifjH'tt 
 the bay, thiy Ijw a fiiigle man in a lanoi lilhoig, iit 
 llic manmr alrudy delciiUd. li w^s i.iiiaik;ihU, 
 that thisnuii tlid ih'l pay the le.'.ll iiiu mion tu tiKi 
 people III the pinnact, hut coiitinuid to puilW hi» 
 ciiiploynicnt ivrii whenthry came along hd. oi loin, 
 without unce looking at ihuii. Some i>l ilw tiiidct- 
 vuur's people being on llioie, found three human hi|i 
 bones, dole to an oven j ih'lc VMie biuu';hn>ii b ur.l, 
 at will a>th<' h.tir ul a man's hi .id, vihuh was fotii <1 
 in it tree. The next ilay a loiiie wat li t u|> In ri p.ir 
 the iron-work) and fi nie Indian, viliud the Ihip 
 with plenty of hlh, which they baitvrvd very faiil/ 
 lor nails. 
 
 *' On the ; ih, Mr. Hanks piir.hafed of the old In- 
 dian aman'ii head, whi>lih>. leincd vrri im. willing to 
 p.irt with ) the Ikull h.id beili ii. >.'liiic<< iiy .1 blow, and 
 the br.iins m le exlr.iclid, and like the illci-, it » u 
 prtfeiM.d (rom pultifielioii. Ik in the cue witli 
 which thiy kept thrfe Iku!!.'-, and the ivluei incc with 
 wliirh tliiy h.irlerid .iiiy, it was i.ii.i ;iiud Ih' y wtro 
 lontidercd as trophies of vvai, uii<l t IlimuiiiiU ol* 
 their valour. In this d.iy's t\<.utlion iluv ilid not 
 meet witli a fiiigle native i the giouiul un «.. ry fido 
 was ijiiite uneullivalcJ ; but iluy il.l'overid a veiy 
 good harbour. The lueceediiig day tlie fliip's ruiik- 
 pany were alloAcJ to ((oon (luxe I. t iluir amui.inent, 
 and the gentlemen rmplovcd ih.niklves in lilloii^, in 
 which they were very fuccelVUil. Some of the com- 
 p. :iy In tluir excutlioii met with fortihcitiuiis th.it 
 li id not the advantage of ..iiilevatui litiiation, but 
 were lurruuiidcd \,y two or time wide ditilus, with 
 a diaw-luiJge, fui h .is, ih^u; h liiii;ile in us Id ucturi', 
 wascapableol .iiiuvain^ ev>.iy |>iir|Hi| a; .liiilt ,hc ariiu 
 of the natives. Within th^le ditches is ,1 fence, m.idu 
 with Hakes, tixed ill the cartii. A d<.cirivu coiU)ULlt 
 or vici iry over the bei'ii.id, occafioii. .111 iiui.ede- 
 popnlation of that dilKlwt, as the vnmjulfhed, not 
 only thofe who .ire kilhd, but the prifuncit likcwifa 
 arc devoured by theviclors. 
 
 i'hc 22d was cmplojed by iMi. B.uiks ^ul Or. 
 Solander, in collciiting of phiiits, whillt Capl.iiii 
 Cook made fome oblervations en tin- main l.iiid on tliu 
 fuiith-ralt fideof the inlet, which cumIIiUi! i.f a chain 
 of higli hills, and formed part of the l<uith-vv; It fide 
 of the llreight ; the oppollte (idc extended far to live 
 call. He alfo diUovtied a villaj.T, and many l.oufes 
 that had been delertcd, niid aii'lher village th.ii ip- 
 peared to be inhabited. Thire were many Imall ifi.ouls 
 round thccoall, that feeimd cniirJy barren, .niidwh;.t 
 few inhabitants were upon them lived principally 
 upon tith. On the 24lh lliey vifited a hipp.Th, which 
 was fituatednn a very high rock, hollow uiulcrneailv, 
 forming a line iiaturaT arch, owe fide of which 
 io'mcd tu the laud, and the other loi'e out of the A.i. 
 riie inhabitants received the ginilemen vviili gri.it 
 civility, and very readily (liewed tlvem tveiy thing 
 that was curious. This hippah was partly lurronuled 
 with palifadocs, and it had a fi'^hting Itage, like I'lKvt 
 already delciibcd. Here they met with a etols relcni- 
 bling a crucifix, which was ercited as a monuiiient 
 for a dcceafed perfun ) but they could not le.;rii how 
 his body VV.1S dilpoled uf. From a convcrlation that 
 7'upia had with thcfc people, a difcovcry was made 
 that an officer being in a boat ni.ir thiii vil.l.)g«, an4 
 fome Cannes coming oft', made him imagine they had 
 honile deligns, and he Kred upon them with bill, 
 which made them retire with much precipitation, but 
 they c(mld not cfTciIt their retreat, belcrc one of thcia 
 wai wounded. What made this t.\i\\ aifiion the mure 
 to be lamented was, that the Indians gave afterwards 
 every poiTiblc aiTurance that their intentions upon 
 this occafion were entirely friendly. On the 25th the 
 captain, Mr. Banks, and Dr. Solander, went on 
 (hore to (hoot, when they met with a numerous fa- 
 mily, who were among the creeks catching fiili : tbcjr 
 behaved very civilly, and received fome trilling pre. 
 
 lunu 
 
 /Vil»i!/. 
 
CAPTAIN C () O U. 
 
 >?J 
 
 liiiiiiip.illy 
 L-\h, whiiH 
 |iulcriK'4ils 
 lof which 
 ,( tl.e l\.:. 
 |\viili (iruit 
 /ciy thing 
 i'utrormlcJ 
 like i'.);U 
 tills rLliiu- 
 linoiuiiiicnt 
 ll^..rii how 
 111 ion that 
 Jwiis matlc 
 |il.l.ig«, an4 
 Ic they had 
 Iwith'Uall, 
 liatiun, but 
 he of thcui 
 li the mure 
 lartcrwar«l« 
 lions upon 
 \e 2Sth the 
 went Ul) 
 ncruus f»- 
 Qi: ibcy 
 lilling |>r«- 
 
 ,V.;>.' 
 
 Crnti from the genii* mf n. The ne m day thry went in 
 t.ikr a nc«- I't ihr llui^ht, ihjt pjllnl iHlwiril the 
 cutterti .iiul w **tri<Kjs, ihiy ticotilmitly Mtuiiictl ihi 
 iuniMiK (ir ah.il, but ithiiii^ cluiiiiy Mculhci, thry 
 couM not li'f It a c. iilpl^rablc iliit.Hici-. Here, hoA - 
 ever, thry iri.i:U-J a pile. If*' '"i; oi i( muli|iirl bjll-, 
 (ni.:\\ Hill, b<.icl<, Nc. asa tettiiito'"''! <>t th>« |>lji> 
 having b^cii vilited (V)' Ki^rapeani. ijp,ttt thur reiiiiii 
 thry Ik ' ^nh anothtr \niiift family, who li' h.ivtil to 
 them wi , , itKetiully, aiid .■jrtVtf'l in procurin!; them 
 Wa'u. Jhrj . il*> vilileil Jiioiher hippiih upon a roik. 
 (lul w<i> uhnoK m<<'r<llihU ; it rnnliltej of .ilinHt q" 
 hoiilet, ami a tiphting (t>>'. I'hc ^iKlLmeii nisdi 
 the in!i.>l)iuni« loine (mail pirU'iit>, and thry in letiirn 
 liiriiillKj ihein \Mth dried tiih. 
 
 " The (hip'n lom;' niy were, on the ?7th and 281I1 
 rn|',.ii(ed in nuking ii.etliary npairs, ami ^'eitin; ^ei 
 liady liir Ka. 'I he neiit day they were Ml'iti-d by 
 Tojiiu, their old In ul, and lome oilier liidi.iii^. 
 'I hi y laid, That the m.in vtho h.id rrcri\ed a wnund 
 from the oriUer near the hipiiah, was dead 1 hut llii-' 
 xHeriion proved allerward't fjnuiidlcli. The D.iilur 
 and Mr. lianki iil'ieii w<nt on Ihore wliillt the Ihip 
 \vj( prepariiif, lur Tea, and in.idc iVviral obUrvatiiiiii 
 on liie malt to the norih-well ; ihev perceived an 
 illaiid at about 10 Iea(;ue4 dillanei , bclwivn whic!i 
 mid the mini 1 lure were (ivcrairnialUr ill.tndi. The 
 captain ailii went on (horr, and < reilid another pyra- 
 mid of' Uimc«, III \< hich he put lon'e bulUtv, l)ead>, 
 tie. ai beturc, wiili the addition of a pieee of liUer 
 mill, and plaecii part (.f an old prndaiil on the top, to 
 dillinnuifli it. Some of the people who h^d been lent 
 out to L:atlier cilerv, met wiili levei.il of the natives, 
 anion jf whom were loine women, wlmfe hulbamk had 
 Liiely r.iMi n into llie IiamU ol the enemy, and they were 
 cutting maiiv paiK ol their butlies in anioll Ihoek- 
 in^ manner with Diarp lloncs, in tellimony<'r their 
 cxcelhve;.',riel. What made this ceremony appi'ar ri- 
 dietilous ai well as Ihockiiii;, was, that the male In- 
 ili.iii--, who were with them, paid not tlie Icaft .itten- 
 tiun to it, but with the ^realeji unconcern imagin.ibic 
 employed ihemlcUe* in repairing lomc empty huts 
 upon the Ipot. 
 
 " On Ihurldav the 30th, two poft< were creeled, 
 infeiibed with the lliip'sname, ^e. aiulual, one was 
 placed at the watering place, with the union flag upon 
 II ; and the otiier in the Inme manner a<i on the illand 
 of M'liii.'.ru i and the inhabitants bcini; informed, tl'.al 
 thi I polls were meant as memorials ol the Endeavour's 
 h.iun^ touched at tliis place, promiled never to dcDroy 
 mem. The capt^iin then named this inlet ^uttn (^/mik- 
 (JjiMi. ■ .- hllt'i Ijhiiil \ and took polUnion of it in the name, 
 l.tuMlliiiil. and for theuleof his majefty, and a bottle of wine 
 wa*: ilMiik to the queen's health. 
 
 " I'hc c.'.pt.iin made the <dd man fomc prefcnts : 
 .imonc; others there were a lilver three-pence, .tiuI 
 fome liuke-nails, with the broad arrow upon them. 
 'I'opoa Kini; quellioned concetniiii; a p.dlage into the 
 cnlfern lea, anlwcrcd, that there was cert.iinly I'ufli 
 a pafTiyc ; and lie all'o informed the captain, that the 
 land to thcfouth-weft of the ilrei^ht, where he tlun 
 was, confitled of two illands named Tovy I'ocnnam- 
 moo, .nnd tliat it would take about two davs to fail 
 lound tiiein ■, he added, that there was a third illand to 
 thecaft,' ilalicinomauwec, which wasol a confidcrable 
 extent, and that the land contiguous to this inlet was 
 called Tiera Wittc. Towards niglit, on the jilt, a 
 brilk gale arofc, attended with heavy fliowcrs, and 
 the next morning the weather was fo \ery tempcftuous, 
 that the F.ndjavour had her hawfer brolcc, and feveral 
 calks of water that had been left on ftiorc were wafhed 
 away with the rain. The 2d, 3d, and 4th of Feb- 
 ruary, were iliicfly fpent in preparing for their depar- 
 ture, and puicliaiing ti(h of the natives, who con- 
 firmed the iiecourts that Topoa had given, re- 
 fpcifiing ;'n eiillern pafl'age, and the adjacent illands 
 Mr. ISanks and Dr. Solander were in the mean while 
 chie.ly engaged in collciting feeds and (hells of dif- 
 ferent kinds. Tlicy got under fiil the 5th, but the 
 wiiid not continuing, they came again to anchor 
 
 lonoa vil'ited the gentU'mfn .ijniti, fo hiil iiii-m f.irJ- 1770 
 will, and being i|ue(llnnid, whether he I .iil nei > ■ % * 
 heaid lo.il fiuh a velli 1 as ill.' Liuleavoiir hid loiiihed 
 time. In iinlwiri d ill ih.- lie Mtive ( ami added, ill. re 
 w.is alr.idiiion ol a fin.ill iillil coinirn tnim a pl.iec 
 
 died l.'Iinuroa, (adiltaiii i <uniry in the iioiili) that 
 iht re were only lour men in her, ..i,d ih.il ihey weio 
 all put lotlealli. 
 
 " Mr. Hanks and the DoeliT went ae lin on flmro in 
 liareh of n.iiur.d cuiiolitus, when tin y nul \v idi .ivory 
 iniuhle l.iniilyiii Inli ins, anion > whom w 's ,1 wid >w 
 and a pu'ty 5 ■iiihahoul l>n >i.irs ol .ii»e, SIk h d jiitl 
 luff her luillviiid, and ".IS petli.rinini^ the eennii'iiy 
 oi the loiiiiirv upon ill • oil ilion, I'hiy f»-'ha»ed w.ili 
 the ulmoiHiii||iil.ilily and eoiirtelv, and rn !. 'v iiire.t 
 |o preiail with i'k ;-,eillli mi 11 to tl.iy all ni^hl, but 
 till V eipi-ChllK the Ihip to lail, muldnot .ueept tho 
 iiiMl.itioii. 'I'hu l.imily leeni<d iIh' nmlt inli'^iiieneil 
 and intilli"< III |U o) 1 11. 1 1. ins the I'l nllcnuii h.ul .is vet 
 met with, wliiili made them rrnret iluy had not l.illeii 
 into tlicir compinv bclor', as ihiv would pioh.ihly 
 have derived much information from them. On ihu 
 'ith of I'lhuury in the moriiiii)', the Kiuiiaeour 
 iailedoiilol the h.iy, wliii It the lliip's eiim|i.iiu , lniill 
 an abhorieiiee of the biutilh iiillom that prevails here- 
 of eatiii; men, c.illeil f.'.m//,;.' //,/). ''"'V l^eiit their (;,u|||j|| p,„ 
 courfe |o. Ill opening to the cull, in the eveiiin ; 1 be- 
 ing in the mouth ot the llreij'Ji's, they were heealnvl 
 III latitude 41 fiiuth, loiij'itude iH4'4;'wel), Tin: 
 two points which form this eiiir.ince, w ie ni^inid 
 Caiic Koomnroo, and I'oiiit Jackliui. Th^ u.itlVi'sCjpc Knntris 
 called the l.ilid about it, rotari.iniie, and ihe harbour, '."". ? ^„' '"' 
 vthitli the captain named Slip Ci-ut, is very late nnd ^1',';^,^;,^^^ 
 commodious ; a Ihip m.iv enter it either between Mo- 
 liiara and the illand ol ilamole, or bi-tween the wefl- 
 ern Ihorc and Mutiiara. Care, however, mult he 
 taken to attend to the tides, wlieii there is a little 
 wind they How about nine or ten o'clock at the full 
 ch.llineof the moon, and lile and l.ill ;>hf>ut (ivui ft. t 
 and a half, palling tlirouj^h the llreight from ths 
 fouth-rad." 
 
 About this found the number of the natives did tint 
 feem to l'.e above four hundred, who lived on fern- 
 root and tilh, and aic fcattered along the cnriit, !• i(h, 
 which was the only commodity that they tr.ided in, 
 they bartered for nails, often giving ihem the prrfer- 
 encc to any other things that were pnf.ntid them. 
 When thry found that paper was not water-proof, 
 they foon rejeded that article, nor did they let inucti 
 value upon the cloth of Ot.ihcitc, but wcie well 
 pleafcd with that of Knglilli manufacliirc. \'ery 
 giod timber was I'oiii.d here, lit lor alnuilt cvi r\ piii- 
 pofcbut that. of making malls. They found abuii- 
 d.inccof will! fowl intliefe parts. 
 
 Leaving the li)und, Ihe Knde:ivour ftccred eafiw ard, 
 and her people were cairied by the current very cLifc 
 tooneof the twoillands that lie oft' Cape lloaiiiaioe, 
 at tlic entrance of the found. At this time the vef- 
 fel was in the greatell dan;.'ir ; fo that tllcy cspeeieJ 
 nothing but dellru>;lion. However, alter veeiiiiKoiit 
 160 fathoms of cable, (he was hroiiL'ht iijiwhiii tlia 
 rocks were not above two tables leiif.th from them. 
 
 I'hus fituated, they were obliged to wait for the tide'* 
 ebbing, which ilid not take pl.icc till after midni;;lit. 
 They weighed anchor at cighto'cloek in the morniiifr, 
 and a frc(h breeze altervi-ards carried them thiou;;h &\ 
 ftrcight with great fwiftnefs. Then- is a fmall iflai.d 
 at the mouth of it, which the KngliHi called ^''.c/'/-'.' Engii/li Iflini 
 Ijland; and tn the narrowed part of this llreight be- 
 tween Cape 'I'icrrawitte and Cape Koomaroo, they 
 gave the name ot'Ceci's Ijland, which was about thirteen Cook'i IflaaJ. 
 miles bro.id, and fourteen long. The former of 
 thefe lies in 41" 44' of fouth latitude, and 1H3" 45' of 
 wed longitude, and the latter in 41' 34' fouth, and 
 
 183' 30' weft longitude, 'I'hcy were now facing a 
 
 dce|> Bay, which w.is called Churiy finy, at the dill- -. , _ 
 
 ancc of about three leagues from land. "* 1"*f' 
 
 As fome of the gentlemen doubted whether Eahlc- 
 nomauwec were an illand, the vcllel (leered foiilh-ead, 
 in order to clear up this doubt. Tite wind ihiftine, 
 
 6 ^ . 
 
204 
 
 THE VOYAGE OF 
 
 Tlie IflaiHl of 
 Lookers uu. 
 
 Hie ftood cndward, and fleered north-caft by caft alt 
 night. Ihc next morninj; they were ofF Cape l^al- 
 liler, and found that the land ilretchcd away to the 
 iiortli-cadward of Cape Turnagain. In the after- 
 noon, three canoes came oft", having feveral Indians 
 on hoard. Thele m.idc a good appearance, and were 
 ornamented like thole on tlie northern coalt. There 
 was no difficulty in pcrfuadinjjthem to come on board, 
 where ihey demeaned thcmfelvcs very civilly, and a 
 mutual exchange of prefents took pliice. As they 
 alked for nails it was concluded that they heard of 
 the Englifh by means of the inhabitants of fome of 
 the other places at which they had touched, 
 
 'I litir drefs refembled that of the n.itives of Hud- 
 fon's Hay. One old man was tataowed in a very 
 paiticular manner, he had likewife a red ftreak acrols 
 his nofe ; and his hair and beard were remarkable for 
 thiir whitciufs. The upper garment that he wore 
 was made of flax, and had a wrought border : under 
 this w.is a fort of petticoat of a cloth called Aooree 
 W'aow. Teeth and green ftonrs decorated his cars : 
 he Ipdke in .t foft and low key, and it was con- 
 iliidf!, from his deportment, that he was a perlbn 
 of diliinguifhcd rank among his countrymen, and 
 thefo people wltlidrew greatly fatisficd with the prc- 
 fenfi that they had received. 
 
 Captain Cook having parted from them, (leered 
 coallwife, till on the 9th in the morning they difco- 
 vcrcdthat Kahicnomauwec was really an illand. About 
 fixtv Indians in four ilouble canoes came within a 
 ffone\ throw of the fhip, on the 14th of February. 
 As tht y furveyed her with furprifc, Tupia cndea- 
 vourid to pcrfuade them to come nearer, but thii they 
 could not be prevailed on to do. On this account the 
 iiiand was denominated The Ijhiid if Lookers on. Five 
 leagues diftant fn.m the coail of Tow Pocnumoo, 
 they faw an ifland which was called after Mr. Uanks's 
 name; a few Indians appeared on it, and in one place 
 they difcovcrcd a Imoke, fo that it was |>lain the place 
 was inhabited. Mr. Danks going out in his boat for 
 the purpofe of fhooting, killed fome of the Port Eg- 
 mont hens, which were like thofe found on the ifle of 
 Faro, and the firft that they had feen upon this coaft. 
 A poiit of land was obferved on Sunday the 25th in 
 lat. 45" 35 fouth, to which Captain Cook gave the 
 CapeSaunocrs name itfCtipe Saunders, in honour of Admiral Saunders. 
 They kept oft' from the Ihore, which appeared to be 
 interfperfed with trees, and covered with green hills, 
 but no inhabitants were difcovered. 
 
 On the 4th of March, feveral whales and feals were 
 feen j and, on the qth they faw a ledge of rocks, and 
 foon af' r another ledge at three leagues diftance from 
 the fhore, which they pafl'ed in the night to the north- 
 ward, and at day-break obferved the others under 
 their bows which was a fortunate cfcape ; and in con- 
 fideration of their having been fo nearly caught among 
 thcfe, thty were denominated the Trafs. 'I hey called 
 the fouthcrnmoft point of land, the South Cape, and 
 found it to be the fouthern extremity of the whole 
 coaft. Proceeding northward, the nextday they fell in 
 with a barren rock about fifteen miles from the main 
 land, which was very high, and appeared to be about 
 a mile in circumference 5 and this they denominated 
 Solander's Ifland. 
 
 They difcovered a bay containing feveral idands, 
 on the 13th where they concluded if there was depth 
 of water, fliipping might find fheltcr from all winds. 
 Dujky Buy was the appellation given to it by the cap- 
 tain, and five high peaked rocks, for which it was 
 remarkable, caufed the point to be called Five Fingers. 
 The weftcrnmoft point of land upon the whole coaft, 
 to the Southward of Dufky Bay, they called IVeftCape. 
 The next day they palfcd a linall narrow opening, 
 where there fecmtd to be a good harbour formed by 
 an ifland, the land behind which exhibited a profpedt 
 of mountains covered with fnow. They palTed a point 
 on the i6tli which confifled of high, red clift's, and 
 received the name of Cafiade Point, on account of fe- 
 veral Irnall ftreams which fell down it. In the morn- 
 ing of the liith the valleys were obferved covered with 
 7 
 
 Trjp». 
 Siouili C.ipr, 
 
 Dulky Biy. 
 
 Five Finr;crs 
 Weft Cjpc. 
 
 CifcfrioPoinl. 
 
 fnow as well as the mountains, ^'hich feemed to hove 
 fallen the night before, when they had rain at (ca. 
 Thus they paflcd the whole north-weft coaft of Tovcy 
 Pocnamoo, which had nothing worth the ubiervation 
 of our voyagers but a ridge of naked and barren rocks 
 covered with fnow, fome of which they conjeitlurcd 
 might probably have remained there ever fnice the 
 creation. As far as tlie eye could reach, the prof- 
 pedts were in general wild, craggy, and defolatej 
 fcarcely any thing but rocks to be li;cn, the mott of 
 which Dr. Hawkef»orth dcfcribes as having nothing 
 but a kind of hollows, and dreadful fiflurcs inftead of 
 valleys between them. From this uncomfortable 
 country they determined to depart, having failed 
 round the whole country, by the 27th of this month. 
 Captain Cook therefore went on fliore in the long- 
 boat, and having found ri place proper for mooring 
 the (hip, and a good watering-place, the crew began 
 to fill their calks, while the carpenter was employed 
 in cutting wood. 'I'hc captain, Mr. Banks, and 
 Dr. Solandcr, went in the pinnace to examine the 
 bay, and the neighbouring country. Landing there, 
 they found feveral plants of a fpecies v.hich was be- 
 fore unknown to them ; no inhabitants appeared ; 
 but they faw feveral huts which feemed to have been 
 deferted a long time before : all the wood and water 
 being taken on board, the vclFel was ready to fail by 
 the time that they returned in the evening, and ic 
 was now refolvcd at a council of war to ftcer for the 
 coaft of New Holland, in the courfe of their return 
 by the way of the Eaft Indies. 
 
 They took their departure on the 31ft of March, 
 from an caftern point of land, to which they gavep, p,^ j 
 the name of Cafe Farnvel, denominating the bay out 
 of which they {sW^A, Admiratty Bay, and two capes •^•'"''"''y 
 Cape Stephens, and Cape Jackftn, (the names of the two ?,"^^' (^ . 
 fecretaricsof the Admiralty Doard. ) They called a bay (jjpc |ackfon. 
 between the ifland and Cape Farcwcl, Blind Ba\, 
 which was fuppofed to have been the fame that was'*''"'' "'J'' 
 called Murderers Bay, b: Tafman, the firft difcovcrer 
 of New Zealand, but though he named it Statcn 
 Ifland, wilhing to take pofl'elKon of it for the States 
 General, yet bein^^ attacked here by the Indians he 
 never went on (hore to cftcdl his purpofe. Of this 
 coaft, now more accurately examined by ourEnelifh 
 voyagers and difcovered to confift of two iflands,* wc 
 have the following account. 
 
 " They arc fituate between the 34th and 48th deg. 
 of fouth latitude, and between 181" and 194" well 
 longitude. The northern ifland is called Eahieno- 
 mauwee, and the fouthern is named Tovy Pocnamoo, 
 by the natives. 
 
 " The former, though moimtainous in fome 
 places, is ftorcd with wood, and in every valley there 
 is a rivulet. The foil in 'hofc valleys is light, but 
 fertile and well adapted for the plentiful production of 
 all the fruits, plants and corn of Europe. Fhefummer, 
 though not hotter, is in general of a more equal tem- 
 paraturc than in England) and from the vegetables 
 that were found here it was concluded, that the winters 
 were not fo fe\ ere. The only quadrupedes that were 
 difcovered were dogs and rats, and of the latter very 
 few, but the former the inhabitants (like thofe of 
 Otaheite) breed for food. There are feals and whales 
 on the coaftsi, and the Englifli once fiw a fea-lion. 
 The birds are hawks, owls, quails, and fome melodi- 
 ous fong birds. There are ducks, and (hags of feve- 
 ral (orts, like thofe of Europe, and the gannct, which 
 is of the fame fort. AlbetroiTes, (heerwatcrs, penguins, 
 and pintados, alfo vifit the coaft. The infedls found 
 here are, butterflies, fle(h-flies, beetles, fand-flies, 
 and mufquitos. 
 
 " Tovey Pocnamoo is barren and mountainous, 
 and appeared to be almoft dcftitute of inhabitants. 
 
 " The fea that wafhcs thefe iflands abounds with 
 delicate and wholefume fi(h. Whenever the velFel 
 
 * It was before thoujjlit to be I pan of the foutlicro caiii* 
 nent fo roucli fought after. 
 
ihava 
 c lea. 
 i'ovcy 
 'atiaa 
 rocks 
 Aund 
 •e the 
 
 prof- 
 olate i 
 loit of 
 )thiiij; 
 eail ot 
 )r«abl« 
 
 failed 
 nontli* 
 ; long- 
 ooring 
 ' began 
 iployid 
 .s, and 
 ine the 
 r there, 
 ^as bt- 
 pearcd ; 
 ve betn 
 d water 
 
 fail by 
 
 and it 
 
 for the 
 ■ return 
 
 March, 
 
 ley gavCcptF.mwl. 
 bay out 
 vo capes A.lni.r.lty 
 
 the two j.^^,j sccphens 
 ed a bay cajK lackfoo. 
 
 i^ltt;"""^"^. 
 
 ifcovcrer 
 t Statcii 
 »e States 
 dians he 
 Of this 
 nglifh 
 we 
 
 .8 th dcg. 
 
 ." weft 
 
 hieno- 
 cnamoo, 
 
 fome 
 cy there 
 ;ht, but 
 i£lion of 
 ummer, 
 lal tem- 
 getables 
 
 winters 
 lat were 
 
 tcr very 
 
 tliofe of 
 
 I whales 
 
 >a-lion. 
 
 niclodi- 
 
 of (e\C' 
 
 , which 
 
 nguins, 
 
 i found 
 
 lid-flies, 
 
 |iinous, 
 Ints. 
 Ids with 
 |e veflet 
 came 
 
 CAPTAIN COOlv. 
 
 2^5 
 
 ntne to an anchor, enough were caught with hook 
 and line only, to fupply the whole (hip's company ; 
 and when they fifhed with nets, every mcfs in the 
 fhip, where the people were indullrious, failed as 
 much as fupplicd them ibr fevcral weeks. There WLie 
 many forts of filh here which tlicy had never belorc 
 feen, and which the failors named according to their 
 fancies. They were fold on moderate terms to the 
 crew : among the red, fifli like thj fkatc, eels, confers, 
 oylkrs, flatlifti rtllnibling foles and floundtr^, 
 cockles, and various forts of mackarel were found in 
 abundance upon the coaK, 
 
 " Here are forcfts abounding with trees producing 
 large, ftrait and clean timbor. One tree, about th^ 
 fize of our oak, was diftiiiL'uiflicd by a fcai let flower, 
 tumpofed of feveral fibres, and another wliich 
 grows in fwampy ground, very ftrait and tall, bear- 
 in;; fmall bunches of berries, and a leaf reltmblini; 
 11. it of the yew-tree. About 400 fpecies of plants 
 Wire found, all of which are unknown in Englaml, 
 except gaiJcn nlgl't-(hadc, fow-thlftic, two or thrtc 
 kinds of fern, and one or two forts of grafs. They 
 found wild ctlerv, nnd a kind of crcft'es, in great 
 ibuiidnnce, on the li.i Ukmc j 'iid of eatable plants 
 r-if.l by tuliiv.'.iicn, only toteas, yams, and fAttl 
 pui.'.tocs. There i:: jjlantations ot many acres of 
 tlufc y.iiiis and potatoes. The iiili.ibit ints likewifc 
 cuhiv.ni' th' gourd; ami tlie Cliiii'-Me paper uuilljciry- 
 trec is to be found, but in no abund.^ncc. 
 
 •' There is onlv one flirub or tree in the country 
 which produces fruit, which is a kind of berry almotl 
 taflelcis ; but they h.ivc a plant \\hith nnlwer-; all th 
 ufts of hemp and tV.ix. There .1. l- two kinds ot tins 
 plant, tlie leaves o( one of v\hich are yellow, and the 
 o'Jura deep red, and both of tlii.m refemblc the leaves 
 of flac;':. Ot' thcfe leaves they make lines and coid- 
 age, and much Itronger than any thin^ of the kind in 
 Lurope. Thefe leaves they lilvew ill fplit intobreadths, 
 and tying the flips together, form their lifliing nets, 
 'I'beir common apparel, by a fimple procel'i, is made 
 from the leaves, and their finer, by another prepara- 
 tion, is made from the fibres. This plant is found 
 both in high and low ground, in dry mould and in 
 deep bogs ; but as it grows largcft in the latter, that 
 feems to be Its proper foil. 
 
 " The natives here are as large as the largefl Eitro- 
 peans. Their complexion is brown, but little more fo 
 th.an that of a Spaniard. They are full of flcfti, but 
 not lazy and luxurious ; and are ilout and well fliaped. 
 7'he women poflefs not that delicacy, which diftin- 
 guiflies the Luro|>can ladies ; but their voice chiefly 
 didinguiflies them from the men. The men arc ac- 
 tive in a high degree j their hair is bl.ick, and their 
 teeth are white and even. The features of both fexcs 
 arc tegular ; they enjoy perfect health, and live to an 
 ailvanced age. It is faid they appeared to beot a gen- 
 tle difpofition, and treat each other with the utmoft 
 kindnefs : but they arc perpetually at war, every little 
 diftriift being at enmity with all the reft. 'J"liis is 
 owing mort probably, to the want of food in fufli- 
 cient quantities at certain times. As they have nei- 
 ther black cittlc, iheep, hogs, nor goats ; fo their 
 chief food was fifh, which being not always to be had, 
 they are in danger of dying through hunger. They 
 ha . e a few dogs ; and when no fifli is to be gotten, 
 they have only vegetable^, fuch as yams and potatoes, 
 to feed on ; and if by any accident thefe fail them, 
 their fituation muft be deplorable. Notwithftanding 
 the cuftoni of eating their enemies, the circumftances 
 and temper of thele people is defcribed to be in fa- 
 vour of tholo who might fettle among them as a co- 
 lony. 
 
 " The inhabitants of New Zealand, are as modcft 
 and referved in their behaviour and cduverfation as 
 the moft polite nations of Europe. The women, in- 
 deed, were not dead to the fofter imprcflions j but 
 their mode of confent was in their idea as harmlefs as 
 the confent to marriage with us, and equally binding 
 for til'- ftipulatcd time. If any of the Engliftt ad- 
 drclU'd one of their women, he was informed, that the 
 Vol.. I. N' 18. 
 
 confent of her friends muft be obtained, which ufually 
 followed, on his making a pr,.fi.nt. This dune he 
 was obliged to tuat his t..'mporjry wile as ikhduy 
 as we do in Kn^l.iiul. A gentlcm.in who f.uled in the 
 Endeavour, h.iviiig addrefled a family ot fome rank, 
 reccivid an anlwer, of which the follow iii" is art ex- 
 aift tr.mn itioii. " Any ot thcfe young T.u!ies will 
 " think themlllvts honoured by your addrelTes, but 
 " you muft firlt make me a prefent, and you muft 
 " then come and flecp with us on ftiore, for tlay- 
 " light muft by no means be a wi'nefsof what pallc9 
 " between vou." 
 
 " Thcfe Indians anoint their hair with oil mcltid 
 from the fit of h!h or birds. 'i"he poorer people ulu 
 that which is rnncid, fo th it tlicy fmell-very difagrcc- 
 able ; but tli'ifj of fu, . ior r;;i k n ke mio ot that 
 which is liilh. Thev wear comb . j'.h ot bone and 
 wool, whith i- ci .uidercd as an i.imcnt v h"n f^.uk 
 upright in the hair. The 'ue" tie their hai: ;:■, a 
 bunch on the crosMi of "H iv .J, aiul adorn it with 
 fcuhtrs of birds, whicii th( y iikewife fometimcs place 
 on each fide of tli 1 n^plf s. They con.monly wear 
 Ihort beards. Tl'.- ii.iii of the women fon.Ltimia flows 
 over the IhoiiK'.is, and (ometiines is cut ftiort. holh 
 fexcs, but the men more than the wuinn, mark their 
 bodiis with Hack ftains, called Amuco. Ingcn.r.il 
 the women Ibiii cn!y thi.- lips, but foinctimts mark 
 ctlier parts with llack ;>atches : the m<n on the con- 
 traiy put on .vlditioual marks from year to year, lb 
 that thiile who are verv ancient are almoft covered. 
 Exciufive cl the amoco, they mark tlKn,('il\cs with 
 t'unorts, 'I'hofe furroNv 3 make ahideou- .ippeai.mcc, 
 the edges being indtiittd, aiul the whole quite black. 
 The ornaments of the lace are drawn in the fpiral 
 form with equal elegance and correctiul^, both checks 
 being marked exaiftly alike; while paintings on their 
 bodies refembic fillagree work, and the fi'liage in old 
 chafed ornaments ; but no two faces or bodies arc 
 painted exactly ; Iter the fame model. The people of 
 New 2^ealand frequently lelt the breech free from 
 thcfe marks; which the inhabitants of Otaheite ad- 
 orned beyond any other. Thefe Indians likewifc 
 paint their bodies by rubbing them with red oker, 
 either dry or mixed with oil. 
 
 •' Their drefs is formed of the leaves of the flag 
 fplit into flips, which are interwoven and made into 
 a kind of matting, the ends, which are feven or eight 
 inches in length, hanging out on the upper fide. One 
 piece of this matting being tied over the fhoulders, 
 reaches to the knees : the other piece being wrapped 
 round the waift falls almoft to the ground. Thefe 
 two pieces arc faftened to a ftring, which by merns of 
 a bodkin of bone is palled through, and tacks them to- 
 gether. The men wear the lower garment only at 
 particular times. 
 
 " They have two kinds of cloth bcfides the coarfi; 
 matting or ftiag above-mentioned ; one of which is 
 as coarfe, but beyond all proportion ftronger than 
 the Englifti canvas ; the other which is formed of 
 the fibres of a plant, drawn into threads which crofs 
 and bind each other, refembles the matting on which 
 we place our difties .at table. 
 
 " They make borders of different colours to both 
 thcfe forts of cloth, rcfemhiiiig girls famplers, and 
 finilhed with greit ncatnels and elegance. What they 
 confider as the moft ornamental part of their drefs is 
 the fur of dogs, which they cut into ftripes, and few 
 on difterent parts of their apparel. As dogs are not 
 plenty, they difpofe thefe ftripes withoeconomy. They 
 have a few drclfes ornamented with feathers ; and one 
 man was fccn covered wholly with thofc of the red 
 parrot. 
 
 " The women never tie their hair on the top of 
 their head, nor adorn it with feathers ; and are lefs 
 anxious about drefs than the men. Their lower gar- 
 ment is bound tight round them, except when they 
 i;o out fiihing, and then they arc careful that the men 
 Uiall not fee them, it once happened that fome of 
 the ftiip'scrcw furprifed them in this fituation, when 
 fome of them hid thcmfelves among the rocks, and 
 lihh tfa9 
 
T-'-^— - ■; ■^.TT."' CTSiiTT* " 
 
 206 
 
 THE VOYAGE OF 
 
 ll-.e n-ft kept tiK'lr bodies unilcr water till tlicy hail 
 liiinuj .1 fiirJlf and i'pnm of wceils ) and their 
 w'.iuIl' b.'li.u ioiir inanit'uilcd the molt rcliiicd ideas ol' 
 k-inale iiuiiIcUy. 
 
 " lln; carsol' both fixes Were bored, and the holes 
 llr^lclvd fi) as to aJmit a man's finger. 'Ihe oriia- 
 ncnlMii their earsarefcathcis, cloth, bones, and fonle- 
 times bits if uoodj a great many of thtin made iite 
 of the nail-; w hith were given them by the Lii'^lilh, 
 for tliis purpofe, and the women lometlmes ailuriietl 
 their I ars « ith white down of the albctrofs, whieh they 
 fpiead heiorc and behind the hole in a lari;e bunch. 
 'I'liev I'kewil'e huni; to tlieir ears by llriiii_js, ehilTels, 
 boJkin^, the teetli of dot.s, and the teeth and nails of 
 their diXwafed friends. The arms and ancles of the 
 women are adorned witli fhells and bones, or any 
 thing elfe through which they can pals a liring. The 
 men we;ir a piece of ,^iien talc or whalebone, with the 
 rcl'embl.incc of a man carved on it, hangin;; to a (fring 
 '• reiin.! tlie neck. 'Iliry faw one man wIid had the 
 grill'.e of his nofe pinlmated, and a feather pafl'ed 
 throu';h it, projcctin;; over eacli cheek. 
 
 " I'hile ]ieople ihew lels ingenuity in the llruc- 
 turo of their hoiifes, than in any thin;: elfe bclong- 
 injr to them ; they are fiom fixtecn to tv.tntv-fuiir 
 fter .'cinL', ten or twelve wiile, and fix or ei^ht in 
 height. The frame is of ni!;ht ilicks of wood, and 
 the w illj and roof are mjde of dry ijrafs prettv (irmlv 
 compacted. Some of them are lineil with bark of 
 trees, and the ridge ot the hout'e is loinied by a pole 
 which runs from one end to the other. The door is 
 only lii^;h enough to admit a perl'on crawling on 
 hands an 1 knees, and the roof is Hoping. 'I'lierc is 
 a I'tjuare hole near the door, ferving both for window 
 and chinmey, near which is the hre-placc. A plank 
 is placed over the door, adorned with a fort of carv- 
 jiur, and this they confider as an ornamental piece 
 ot tiirnittire. Tiie fule-walls and rof projecting two 
 or three feet beyond the walls at each t-nd form u fort 
 of portRO where benches are placed to fit on. The 
 fire is made in the middle of a hollow fiiuare in the 
 floor, which is inclofid \\ith wood or Hone. They 
 flcep near the walls, where the ground is covered 
 With llraw for their beds. Some who can afford it, 
 whofe families arc larj;e, have three or four houfes, 
 incluled in their court-yard. J heir clothes, arms, 
 fcatheis, fonic ill-made tools, and a ehel)', in which 
 all thele are depofited, form all the furniture of thf 
 iiilide of tlie hoiife. 'I'hcir hammersto beat tern-root, 
 j»'iurds to hold water, and balkets to contain provi- 
 Jions, are placed without the houfe. One houfe was 
 found near 40 feet lonsr, 20 wide, and 14. high. Its 
 fides were adorned with carved planks of workinan- 
 lliip fiipirior to the reft ; but tlw building appeared 
 to have been left iinlinifiicd." 
 
 'I'b'iugli the [xoplc flcep warm enough at home, 
 the) fecm to defpife the incleniencv of the weather, 
 Rh;ii thev go in fearch of tifh or fern-root^. Sonie- 
 times indeed, they place a fmall defence to windward, 
 but frecpicntly llecp uiidieficd with their anus placed 
 round iheni, without the lead ftielter whatever. 
 
 Jiefidi , the fern-mot, which fervcs them lor bread, 
 they feed on albetndres, penguins, and lome other 
 birJ . Wliariver they eat is either roalkd or baked, 
 as they have no velFel in which water can be boiled. 
 1 he I'.iigliih laM' no plantations of cocoas, potatoes, 
 and yani'^.to the fouthwaid, though there v^•ere many in 
 the northern pnrt5. The natives drink no other li- 
 ijuor than water, and enjoy perfecl and iiiiinterruptid 
 health. AVhen wounded in battle, the Wound heals 
 in a very ihor^t time without the applicatirm of me- 
 dicine ; anil the very old people carry no other mark 
 of decay about them than the lofs of cheir hair, and 
 teeth, and a fiiliirc of their mufcular ftrength : — but 
 enjoy an cipial (hare of health and chcarfulnifii with 
 Ihe youii.^elf. 
 
 'I he canors of tliis country are not unlike the 
 whal'. -b'l.its of Ncw-Kiisland, being long and narrow. 
 The larger liirt feem to be built for war, and will hold 
 frv ui j<j to i;c men. Oat ef thefc at Tolaga racii- 
 
 lured near 70 feet in lenirth, fix in width, and foUf 
 in depth. It was fharp at the bottom, and conhfh-d of 
 three lengths, about two or three inchis thick, and tied 
 hrmly together with ftrong plaiting j each iide wai 
 found of one entire plank, about twelve inches broad, 
 and about an inch and a half thick, which was fitted 
 to the bottom part with eqijal ftrength and ingenuity. 
 Several thwarts were laid from one fide to the other, 
 to which they were liecurely faitened, in order to 
 ftrengthcn the canoes. 
 
 Some few of their canoes at Mercury-B.ty and O' 
 poorage, are all made entirely of one trunk ot wood, 
 which is made hollow by fire ; but by far the greate. 
 part are built after the plan above defcribcd. The 
 Ihiallir boats which are ufed chiefly in filhing, are 
 adorned at head and Hern with the ligure of a man, 
 the eyes of which arc c ompofcd of white (hells ;— 
 a tongue of enormous fize, is thruft out of the 
 mouth, and the whole face a pidlure of the mod 
 abfolutc deformity. The grander canoes, which are 
 intended for war, are ornamented with open work, 
 and covered with fringes of black feathers, which 
 gives the whole an air of perfett elegance i the fidc- 
 boards which arc carved in a rude manner, are embeU 
 lifhed with tufts of white feathers. 
 
 Thefc vellels are rowed with a kind of paddles, 
 between five and fix feet in length, the blade of which 
 is a long oval, gradually decreafmp till it reaches the 
 handL- ; and the velocity with which they row with 
 thcfe paddles is very furpriling. Their fails are 
 cinnpofed of a kind of mat or netting, which is ex- 
 tended between two upright poles, one of which is 
 fixed on each fide. 'j'wo ropes, faftened to the top 
 of e.ich pole, ferve inftead of theets. 1 he vefiels are 
 iK-ered by two men having fuch a paddle, and fitting 
 in the ftcrn ; but they can only fail before the wind, 
 in which direi^fion they move with confiderable fwift- 
 ncl's. 
 
 Thcfe Iiu'.ians ufc axes, adzes, and chilTels, with 
 which li.(l they iikewife bore holes. The chiiiels aro 
 made of jafpcr, or of the bone of a man's arm ; their 
 axes and adzes of a hard black (lone. They ufe their 
 fmall jafper tools till they arc blunted, and then 
 throw them away, having no inltrumcnt to (harpen 
 them with. The Indians at Tolaga having bieen 
 prefentcd with a piece of glafs, drilled a hole through 
 it, and hung it round the neck. A fmall bit of jaf- 
 per was thought to have been the tool they uie in dril- 
 ling it. 
 
 Their tillage of the ground is excellent, owing to 
 the neceflity they are under of cultivating or running 
 the rifque of ftarving. At 'I'egadoo their crops were 
 juft put into the ground, and the furface of the field 
 was as I'mooth as a garden, the roots were ranged in 
 regular lines, and to every root there remained a hil- 
 lock. A long narrow (lake, (harpened to an edge 
 at bottom, with a piece fixed acrol's a little above it, 
 for the convenience of driving it into the ground with 
 the foot, fupplics the place both of plough and fpade. 
 The foil being light, their work is not very laborious, 
 and with this intfrument alone they will turn up 
 ground of fix or ftven acres in extent. 
 
 The kine, the large net whicii has been already 
 noticed, is produced by the united labour, and is pro- 
 b,d)lv the joint property of a whole town. Their 
 fifh-liooks are of (hell or bone j and they have balltcts 
 of wicker-work to hold the fifti. 'i'hcir warlike wea- 
 pons arc fpears, darts, battle-axes, and the patoo- 
 patuu. 'Ihe fpe.ar, which is pointed at each end, is 
 about fixteen feet in length, and they hold it in the 
 middle, lo that it is difficult to parry a pufh from it. 
 Whether they fight in boats or on (hore the battle is 
 hand to hand, fo that they muft make bloody work 
 of it. They triift chiefly in the patoo-patoo, which 
 is faftened to their wrifts, by means of a ftrong (trap, 
 that it may not be wrefted out of their hands. Thefe 
 arc worn in the girdles of people of a fuperior rank, 
 as a military ornament. They have a kind of (lafF 
 of diftinclion, which is carried by the principal war- 
 riors. It it formed of a whulc's rib, is quite white, 
 
 and 
 
yi 
 
 Captain cook. 
 
 iof 
 
 s, with 
 iVcls aro 
 their 
 fe their 
 d then 
 fharpen 
 been 
 hrough 
 of jaf- 
 in dril- 
 
 lalrcadv 
 
 1 is pro- 
 
 Thcir 
 
 Ibafkcts 
 
 Lc wea- 
 
 Ipatno' 
 
 );nd, is 
 
 in the 
 
 Irom it> 
 
 lattle is 
 
 work 
 
 I which 
 
 (trap, 
 iThefe 
 
 rnnk. 
 If ftaft' 
 
 II war- 
 Iwhite, 
 
 and 
 
 *ll(t aJoriied- with carvinn;, feathers, ami the hair of 
 tlicir dogs i and thcv lunictimci: carriij a fHck fix 
 feet long, iiiluid with lli'li', ami othcrwifc adorned 
 like the military ll.itt. This lionoiirablc markof dif- 
 tinttiuii was coinmoiily borne by the old men. 
 
 When they came to .utack. the En'j,li(h, there was 
 wfually one or more thus diltiniiuilhed in rach canoe. 
 It \v.is their cullum to Hop at ;ibout 50 or 60 yards 
 didancc fron\ the Ihip, when the conim.indiiig <>ffictr 
 arifmp;, and putting on a dog-(kin garnicnt, uled to 
 direct them how to proceid. AVhen tli.y were too 
 far from the (hip to reach it with itoncs or Imces, 
 they uled to cry out in their lan;^,iia!;c, " Come on 
 fliorc to us, and we will kill you all w'.th our patoo- 
 patoos." 
 
 While they threatened thus, they approached the 
 veflil, yet talking in a peaceable ni inner at intervals ; 
 but afterwards, fuppofinq the Knt^lilh to be alraul ol 
 them, they renewed their nunaets, and rji engnge- 
 ment grmrally terminated the matter, in wliiih tlity 
 were repulfed by the fupcrior arms of ihuir European 
 advcrfaries. 
 
 When thcfe favngts exhibit their war dance, all 
 their limbs arj diftor'ted, and their faces drawn into 
 various contortions. Their 101. ^ues hangout ot their 
 Mouths, r.nd their eyi -lids are di a* n 111 inch a man- 
 ner as to form a eiicle round the eye. At the fame 
 time they (h.ike their darts, br.indifli their ipears, and 
 wave their pntoo-patoos. A l.^ng accompanies this 
 dance, which foil!' is fun / in ..oncert, adeepligh end- 
 ingevery Itan/a. ' In this dance they arc very active; 
 and it is gem rail" ibi"; ved that they have juft ideas of 
 keeping time to inuiic ; as an inftance of which, we 
 are (old that (ixty or ci ;hty paddles will ftrike at once 
 againft the fides of their canoes, and like the liringof 
 regular foldiers, one report only will be heard fiom the 
 whole number. In times of peace they fometimes 
 fing the war fong j but the dance is omitted : the wo- 
 men (inglikewife in a melodious but mournful drain. 
 A (hell which produces a found rcfemblingthat of the 
 common horn, and a pipe of no more compafs than a 
 child's whilUc, are their inftruments of niufic. The 
 following defcription will conduce to give the reader 
 ajuft idea of thefe people. — 
 
 Their hippahs or villages, of which there are fevc- 
 ral between the bay of Plenty and Cijieen Charlotte's 
 Sound, are all fortified. It is in thele that the inha- 
 bitants of thofe parts conftantly rcfide, but near To- 
 laga, Hawk's Bay, and Poverty Hay, there are no 
 towns, only fiiigle houfcs being feen, at a confider- 
 able diftance from each other. On the fides of the hills 
 were difcovercd long (tages, fupplied with darts and 
 Hones ; and thefe were concluded to be intended for 
 retreats in time of danger 1 as it appeared that from 
 fuch places they could combat their enemies to great 
 advantage. A fort of magazine of provifions, con- 
 fiftingof dried fi(h, and fern roots, was found in thefe 
 fortifications. 
 
 It appeared that the inhabitants of this part of the 
 country were fubject to Teratu, who refided near 
 the Bay of Plenty, and being thus united under a 
 fingic chief, they enjoyed a fecurity unknown to the 
 inhabitants of theothcr partsof the country. There 
 were feveral inferior governors in Teratu's domi- 
 nions, to whom the moft implicit obedience was paid. 
 Oiie of the inhabitants having robbed the Englifh, 
 complaint was made to a chief, who chalUfed him by 
 kicking and ilriking him, while the thief bore his 
 punifhment v.'ith unrefiffing humility. 
 
 The inhabitants of theVouthcrn parts appeared to 
 lie co-partners in their filhing-nets and fine apparel. 
 The latter, which probably was obtained in war, 
 were kept in a little hut, dUtincd for that ufe, in the 
 centre of the town, and the feveral parts of the nets, 
 being made by ditFerent families, were afterwards 
 joined together for the common ufe. The gentlemen 
 imagined that the employment of the men confifted 
 in cultivating the ground, making nets, catching 
 birds, and filhin^, while the women were engaged in 
 weaving cloth, procurinji fern roots, and ihelf fiih, 
 6 
 
 and drefling food. With regard to religion, th.^y nc- 
 knowleilu;ed one fiiperior being, ami llvu:il fuliuidi- 
 nate. Their mode of wordiip couM net he learned j 
 nor was any plnce proper for that puipofe to bi fccn. 
 There was iiidi-cd, a lni:'ll ri)uare au.i, cncomp fled 
 with ftones, in the middle of v, hicli hung a liifKct of 
 krn rocts on one jf tlKii fpadcs. This they faid was 
 ottered to the gods, in hopes of a plentiful cn-pof 
 provilions. The inhabitants of the luuthern diflrict 
 laid they difpofed of their dead by threiwi; ' 'hem into 
 the f;a j but thofe of the northward, buried thtnt 
 in the ground. Our adventunrs hov/c . .r law not 
 tht; Icilt fign of any grave or monnmtnt; but the 
 body of aliiK H every inhabitant bore the marks of 
 wounds which th.y iiad gi\n their fe-Kc:, in token of 
 ^ricf for the lof;. of th'.-ir Iriends i.nA relatieMis. Some 
 of tlie fears were newly made, wliich is 11 proof that 
 their friends h.id died while llu' (hip's ciew were tlierej 
 Vi t no one faw any thing like a hiner.il, as thofe iflaiul- 
 111 conceal every thing rtlpeiiting the dead, with the 
 utiiioll caution. A great fimilitude was obferved be- 
 tween the drefs, furniture, boats, and nets, of the 
 New Zealanders, and thole e>f the inhabitants of the 
 .South Sea lAands, which furnifhed a ftrong proof that 
 the common anceftors of both were nati\esof the 
 fame country. Indeed the inhabitants of thefe difter- 
 ent places have a tradition, that their anceftors origi- 
 nated from another country many years fince j anel 
 they both agree, that this country was called //ran7]ff. 
 But perhaps a yet (Wronger proof that their origin 
 was the fame, will arife from the fimilitude of theif 
 language, of which the following n a fpecimcn. 
 
 yf womatit 
 People. 
 The hair. 
 The /irsw. 
 The Eyes. 
 The nofe. 
 Thecheeiu 
 Tht belly. 
 Tl>e nave!, 
 Ccmt hither 
 Cocoas, 
 On*. 
 Turn 
 Tlnee. 
 F:ur. 
 Seven, 
 Nine. 
 The teeth. 
 
 The vcfiel left Cape Farewell on the 3iftof March, 
 1770, and had fine weather and a fair wind, till 
 the gth of April, when they faw a tropic bird, in 
 the latitude of 38' 29' fouth, a fight very unufiial in 
 fo high a latitude. On the 15th, they faw an egg 
 bird, and a gannet ; and on the following day a finall 
 land-bird perched on the rigging, from which they 
 concluded they were near the land j but they found no 
 ground at 120 fathom. On the iSth, in the morn- 
 ing, they faw a Pintado bird, and/ome Port-Egmont 
 hens, an infallible fign that land was not very dillant ; 
 at fix o'clock in the morning of the I gth, they dif- 
 coycred land four or five leagues dillant, the fouthern- 
 moft part of which was called Point Ilich, in compli- Point Hicki* 
 incnt to Mr. Hicks, the firft lieutenant, who made 
 the difcovery of it. At noon they difcovercd another 
 point of the fame land, rifing in a round hillock, 
 extremely like the Ram-Hcad at the entrance of Ply- _ „ 
 mouth Sound, for which reafon Captain Cook gave ^'^ 
 it the fame name. What they had yet feen of the 
 land was low and even, and the inland parts were 
 green, and covered with wood. They now faw three 
 water fpouts at the fame time, one of which con- 
 tinued a qu.uter of an hour ; at fix in the evening the 
 northernmoft point of the main land, which was di- 
 (knt about two leagues, was named Cupi Hmt. On Cipt Howi. 
 the (vUowing day they had a dillant view of the coun- 
 
 Alftti Zealand. 
 
 Otaheite. 
 
 Whahine, 
 
 Alieine, 
 
 Taatn, 
 
 Tata, 
 
 Hcoo-00, 
 
 Eroowroo, 
 
 Erai, 
 
 Irai, 
 
 Mata, 
 
 Matau, 
 
 Aheioh, 
 
 Eahoo, 
 
 Paparinga, 
 
 Paparea, 
 
 Ateraboo, 
 
 Eobo, 
 
 Apeto, 
 
 Pito, 
 
 Hcromai, 
 
 Harremai, 
 
 Taro, 
 
 Taro, 
 
 Tahai, 
 
 Tohe, 
 
 Rua, 
 
 Rooa, 
 
 Torou, 
 
 Torhoo, 
 
 Ha, 
 
 Ha, 
 
 Etu, 
 
 Hitoo, 
 
 loa. 
 
 loa. 
 
 Henealio, 
 
 Eneeho, 
 
 "y. 
 
 "^^^ 
 
jc8 
 
 THE VOVAGEOF 
 
 '77" 
 
 Picron-IIoufc 
 
 I.on 
 
 
 try, which was in gcner;il covtrcJ with wond, and in- 
 terfperfed with fevcriil finall lawns. It appeared to 
 be inhabited, as fmokc was fcen in le-vcral places. At 
 four 'clock the next morning they law a high moun- 
 MnuntDro- tain, which, from its Ihape, they cn\]u\ Mounl Drtr 
 
 "viiu'Dtome-''''"'''''^' ""''" ^^"^^ '•''^f*-' 'S =1 point whidi received 
 
 rijfj^. the name of PwH/ Dmmtilary. In the evenin;^ they 
 
 „. . ., were oppofitc a point of land which rofc pcrpindicu- 
 
 Fo,ntLrnj;i>t|,^^ and was called Point UMight, On Sunday the 
 
 22d, they were fo near the fliorc, as to fee fcvcfal of 
 
 the inluibitants on the coalt, 'wlio were of a very dark 
 
 complexion, if not pcrfii!:t ncgros. At noon they 
 
 faw a remarkably pecked hill, to which the captain 
 
 gave the name of the Pigtm-Houfe, from its refem- 
 
 blanccof luch a building. The trees on this idand 
 
 wi-rc both tall and large, but they faw no place fit to 
 
 gi.e flielter even to a boat.^ 
 
 " I'iie captain, (lays our author) gnve the namcCa^r 
 Garge to a point of land difcovercd on St. George's 
 day, two leagues to the north of which the fca formed 
 a b:'y, whicli, from its fliape, was called LongNoft; 
 c'yht leagues from wlilch lies Red Point, fo called from 
 till- I o!our of the foil in its neighbourliood. On the 
 271)1 ih.y fawfcveral of its inhabitants walking along 
 thi, lliore, fourof them carryingacanoeon their ihoul- 
 dcrs, but as they did not attempt to come off to the 
 Ihip, fhc Captain took Mcllrs. Banks and Solander, 
 and Tupia in the yawl, and employed four men to 
 row thiin to that part of the (hore where they faw 
 the naiivc., nfar whicli four fmall canoes laid dole 
 in land. J'he Indians fa^on the rocks till the yawl 
 I ji was a quarter of a mile from the (horc, and then they 
 
 ran away into the woods. The furf beating violently 
 on the beach, prevented the boat from landing; the 
 gentlemen were therefore obliged to make what ob- 
 fervations they could at a diftancc. The canoes 
 relcmbled generally the fmaller fort of tliofe of New 
 Zealand. They faw a great number of cabbage 
 trees on fticre ; the other trees were of the palm kind, 
 anil there was no underwood amonp; them. At five in 
 the evening they returned^to the (hip, and a light 
 breeze fpringing up, they, failed to the northward, 
 where they difcovered fcviral people on fliore, who, 
 on their approach, retired to an eminence, foon after 
 which two canoes arrived on the fliorc, and four men, 
 who came iji them, joined the others. 'I'he pinnace 
 having been ftnt a-head to found, arrival near the 
 fpot where the Indians had ftationcd themlirlves, on 
 which one of tlKni hid himfulf among the rocks near 
 the landiiig-plaie, and tho others retreated fartjier up 
 thchill. I'iie pinnace keeping along fliorc, the In- 
 dians walked near in a line with her ; they were armed 
 with long pikes, and a weapon refembling a fcymitar, 
 and, by various figns and words, invited the boat's 
 crew to land ; thofe who did not follow the boat, hav- 
 ing obfcrved the approach of the ftiip,- brandifticd 
 their weapons, and threw themfclves into threaten- 
 ing attitudes. The bodies, thighs, and legs of two of 
 thefe, were painted with white ftreaks, and their faces 
 were almoft covered with a white powder. They talked 
 together with great emotion, and each of them held 
 one of the above-mentioned woaporis. The (hip having 
 come to an anchor, they obferved a few huts, in which 
 were fomc of the natives; and faw fomc canoes, in 
 each of which was a man employed in (trikingfifli 
 with a kind of fpear. They had anchored oppofite a 
 village of about eight houlcs, and obferved an old 
 woman and three children come out of a wood, laden 
 with fuel for a fire; they were met by three (mailer 
 children, all of whom, as well as the woman, were 
 iju'tr; naked. The old woman frequently looked at 
 the (hip with the utniofi: inditlcrence, and, as foon as 
 (he had made a fire, the filhcrmcii brought their ca- 
 noei on fliorc, and they fet about drcfling their din- 
 ner with as much coinpofure, as if a (hip had been no 
 extraordinary fight. Having formed a defign of land- 
 ing, they manned the boars, and took 'I upia with 
 them, and they had no fooner come near the (horc, 
 than two men advanced, as if to difpute their letting 
 foot on land. 'X'hey were each of them armed with 
 
 difFerenkkinds of weapons. They called out alouiflrt 
 .1 hjrfti tone, warra varr/iivai! the meaning oi which 
 Tiipia did not underltand. 'I'he captain t'liKw them 
 beads, nails, and other trifles, which they took up, 
 and feemed very well plcafed with. He then made 
 fignals that he wanted w .iter, and ufed every polhhle 
 means to convince them that jio injury was inteiidtd.- 
 'I'hey m.adc figns to the boat's crew to land, on 
 which they put the boat in, but they had no (ooncr 
 done fo, than the two Indians came again to oppofc 
 them, A mufquet was now fired between them, on 
 the report of which, one of them dropped a bundle 
 ot lances, which he immediately fnatchcd up again in 
 great hafte. One of them then threw a (lone at tho 
 boat, on which the captain ordered a nuifquct loaded, 
 with fmall (hot to be hred, which wounding thceldcft 
 of them on the legs, he retired haflily to one of tho- 
 houfcs, that itood at fomc litttlc dillancc. The 
 people in the bo.-its now landed, imagining that tha 
 wound which thisman had received would put an end' 
 to thccontcft. In this, however, they were miflaken, 
 for he imjncdiately returned with a kind cf (hitld, of. 
 an oval figure, painted white in the middle, with two 
 holes in it to fee througli. They now advanced with ■ 
 great intrepidity, and both difchargal their lances at 
 the boat's crew, but did not wound any of them. ■ 
 y\iiotlicr niufquet was fired at them, on which they 
 threw another lance, and then took to their heels. Tha 
 Knglilh now went up to the huts, in one of which they 
 found the children, who had fcciet.d themfelves be- 
 hind fomc bark. They looked at them, but left 
 them without its being known they had fecn t|)em, 
 and having thrown ftveral pieces ot cloth, ribb.inds, . 
 bcids, and other things into the hut, they took fcver.il . 
 of their lances, and then reimbarkcd in the boat. 
 The canoes on this coaft were about 13 feet in length, . 
 each made of the bark of a Angle tree, tied up at the- 
 ends, and kept open in the middle by the means of', 
 flicks placed acrofs them 5 their paddles were very > 
 fmall, and two were ufed at a time. 
 
 " They now failed to the north point of the bay, • 
 where they found plenty of frelh water. On taking a . 
 view of the hut where they had feen the children,- 
 they had the mortification to find that every Indian, 
 was fled, and that they bad left all the prtfents be- 
 hind them. The captain now went in the pinnace to-: 
 infpeCl the bay, and faw feveraJ of the natives, who. 
 all fled as he approached them. Some of the men : 
 having been lint to get wood and water, they no 
 fuoncr went on board todinner, than the natives came ' 
 down to the place, and examined the cafks with great : 
 attention, but did not ofter to remove them. When • 
 the people were on (hore in the afternoon, about 20- 
 of the natives, all armed, advanced within a trifling 
 diflance of them, and then flopped, while two of 
 their number appro.ichcd ftill nearer. Mr. Hickii, • 
 the commanding officer on (hore, went towards them, 
 with prefcnts in his hands, and endeavoured, by every . 
 poffible means to aflure them of his fiiendly inten- 
 tions, but to no puipofe, for they retired before he. 
 came up to them. In the evening, Mefl'rs. Banks and 
 Solander, went with the captain to a cove north of - 
 the bay, where they caught between three and 
 four hundred weight ot fifh, at four hauls. 
 
 " On Monday the 30th, the natives came down to 
 the huts before it was light, and were repeatedly heard 
 to (hout very loud, and foon after day-break they were 
 fcen on the beach, but quickly retired about a mile, 
 and kindled feveral fires in the woods. This diiy fomc 
 of the (hip's crew being employed in cutting grafs at 
 a di((ancc from the main body, while the natives pur- 
 fued them, but flopping within fifty of fixty yards of 
 them, they (houtcd feveral times, and retreated to the 
 woods. In the evening they behaved exadtly in the 
 fame manner, when the captain followed them alone 
 and un-irmed for (bme time, but they ftill retired as 
 he approached. On Tucfday, May the firft, the fouth 
 point of the hay was nama' Suthei lantl Point, one oi im\m\t,ni 
 the fcamen, of the name of Sutherland, having died •'•"ni- 
 that day, who was buried on (horej and more prefcnts 
 7 , were 
 
 16.^-. % .sa 
 
20 
 
 ing 
 of 
 
 L-kS, 
 
 leni, 
 very 
 ten- 
 he 
 
 anJ 
 hof 
 
 and 
 
 bmc 
 Is at 
 )ur- 
 
 s of 
 
 the 
 the 
 
 lone 
 
 :(1 as 
 
 }uth 
 
 le of SntlierUnd 
 [died Poim. 
 
 cnts 
 »crc 
 
 ■ Jl 
 
 CAPTAIN COOK. 
 
 209 
 
 
 were left in the hutSi fuch as looking-eUnes, combs, 
 
 &c. but the former ones had not been taken away. 
 
 Making an cxcurfion about the country, they found 
 it agreeably variegated witii wood and lawn, the trees 
 being (trait and tall, and without underwood. The 
 country might be cultivated without cutting down 
 one of them. The grafs grows in large tuft», almoft 
 clofe to each other, and there is a great plenty of it. 
 In this cxcurfion they met with many places where 
 the inhabitants had flcpt without (hcltcr, but they faw 
 one man, who ran a*ay the moment they beheld them. 
 More prefenis wore left in their huts, and at thtir 
 fleepiiig-places, in hopes of producing a friendly in- 
 tercourfe. They faw the dung of an animal which 
 fed on grafs, and traced the foot-ileps of another, 
 which had claws like a dog, and was about the fixe 
 of a wolf: thcv alfo difcovcred the track of afmall 
 animal, whofe foot was like that of a pole-cat, and 
 faw one animal alive, about the fixe of a rabbit. 
 They found fomc wood that had been fclKd, and the 
 bark ftript off by the natives, and faw fcvcral grow- 
 ing trees, in which fteps had been cut, for the con- 
 venience of afccnding them. The woods abound with 
 a vaft variety of beautiful birds, among which were 
 cockatooes, and parroquets, which flew in large flocks. 
 The fecond lieutenant, Mr. Gore, having b^-rn with 
 a boat in order to drudge for oyfters, faw feme In- 
 dians, who made figns for him to come on (hore, 
 which he declined : Tiaving (iniflied his bufinefs, he 
 fent the boat away, and went by land with a midfhip- 
 man, to join the party that was getting water. In 
 their way they met with more than 20 of the natives, 
 who followed them lb clofe as to come within a few 
 yards of them ; Mr. Gore ftopped and faced them, on 
 which the Indiani flopped alfo, and when he pro- 
 ceeded again, they followed him ; but they ilid not at- 
 tack him, though they had each man a lance. The 
 Indians coming in fight of the water-caflcs, ftood at 
 the diftanceof aquarter of a mile, while Mr. Gore 
 and his companions reached their fhip-mates in fafety. 
 Two or three of the watercrs now advanced towards 
 the Indians, but obferving they did not retire, they 
 very imprudently turned about, and retreated haftily ; 
 this apparent fign of cowardice infpired the favagcs, 
 whodil'charged four of their lances at the fugitives, 
 which flying beyond them, they efcapcd unhurt. 
 They now ftopped to pick up the lances j on which 
 the Indians retired in their turn. At this inftant the 
 captain came up, with MeflVs. Banks and Solander, 
 and Tupia, advancing, made fi^ns of friendftiip ; but 
 the poor natives would not ftay their coming up to 
 them. On the following day they went acain on 
 fliore, where many plants were colleifled by Dr. So- 
 lander and Mr. Banks. They faw feveral parties of 
 the Indians, who all ran away on their approach. 
 Tupia havinj^ learnt to flioot, frequently flayed alone 
 to fliioot parrot?, and the Indians conftantly fled away 
 from him with as much precipitation as from the Eng- 
 lirti. On the 3d of May, fourteen or fifteen Indians, 
 in the fame number of canoes, were engaged inftriking 
 fi(h within half a mile of the watering-place. At 
 this time, a party of the /hip's crew were ihooting near 
 the fifhermen, one of whom Mr. Banks obfcrvcd to 
 haul up his canoe on the beach, and approach the 
 people who were fhooting. He watched their motions 
 unobfcrved by them, for more than a quarter of an 
 hour, then put ofl^ his boat and returned to his fifliing. 
 At this time the captain, with Dr. Solander and ano- 
 ther gcntlcrtian, went to the head of the bay to try to 
 f'Mm f jnic connexion with the Indians. On their 
 fiill landinj; thry found feveral of the Indians on fliorc, 
 wlio immediately retreated to their canoes, and rowed 
 off. riiey went up the country, where they found 
 the foil to be a deep black mould, which appeared to 
 bi- calculated for the produftion of any kind of grain. 
 They faw fome of the fineft meadows that were ever 
 beheld, and met with a few rocky places, the ftone of 
 which is famly, and feemed to be admirably adapted 
 for building. In the woods they found a tree bearing 
 cherries, if fliape and colour may intitlc them to 
 VuL. I. N" 19. 
 
 1769 
 
 that name, the juice of which was agreeably tsrt. 
 
 They now returned to their boat, and feeing a lire at * v—^ 
 
 adiltancr, roAcd towards it; but the IiiJiajis flj I at 
 their coming near them. Near the l)c:;c!i they found 
 fcven canoes, and as many fires, from which they 
 judged that each fiflierman had diellld his own dinner. 
 There were oyftcrs lying on the fpot, and fomc muf- 
 cles roafting on the fire. They ate of thcfi; lilh, and 
 left thcnt lome beads and other trifles in re' urn. 
 riicy now returned to the fliip, and in the evening 
 Mr. Banks went out with his gun, and faw a great 
 number of quails, fome of which he {hot, and they 
 proved to be the fame kind as thole of England. 
 
 On the folli)wini;day a midlhipm^n havin;; flayed 
 from his companions, came fuddenly to an old in.in 
 and woman, and fomc children, who wrc fitting 
 naked under a tree together : they fcemcd afraid of 
 him but did not run away. The mrri .orcalor.g 
 beard, and both he and the woman were grey-hcaJvcI ; 
 but the woman's hair was cut (hort. This d.y like- 
 wife, two of another party met with fi,\ IiKli;:n3 cii 
 the border of a wood, one of whom calling out very 
 loud, a lance was tliro.vn from a wood, vvhich nar- 
 rowly miffed them. The Indians now ran off, and, 
 in looking round they faw a youth defccnd from a tree, 
 who had doubtlefs been placed there for the purpofc 
 of throwing the lance at ihcm. This day the c.;p- 
 tain went up the country on the north fide of the bay, 
 which he found to rcfcmblc the moory grounds of Eng- 
 land ; but the land was thinly covered with pl.ints 
 about 16 inches high. The hills rife gradually beliind 
 each other, for a confiJerable diftancc, and between 
 them is marlhy ground. Thofe who had been fent out 
 to filh this day, met with great fuccefs, and the fe- 
 cond lieutenant ftruck a hfli cnlled the Stingray, 
 which weighed near two hundred and fifty pounds. 
 The next morning a fifli of the fame kind was taken, 
 which weighed three hundred and fifty pounds. The 
 name of Jielany Bay was given to this place from the Botany Biy. 
 large number of plants colleftcd by Meflrs. Banks and 
 Sofander. This country proiluces two Kinds of wood 
 which may be deemed timber, one of which is tall .and 
 ftrait like the pine, and the other is hard, heavy, and 
 dark-coloured, like lignum vita ; it yields a red gum, 
 like dragon I bloody and bears fome refemblancc of 
 the Englifh oak. There are mangroves in abund- 
 ance, feveral kinds of palm, and a few (hrubs. 
 Among other kinds of birds, crows were found here, 
 exaiSly like thofe of England. There is great plenty 
 of water-fowls, among the flats of fand and mud ; 
 one of which is (haped like a pelican, is larger than a 
 fwan, and has bhack and tvhite feathers. Thcfe 
 banks of mud abound with cockles, mufcles, oyftcrs, 
 and other (hell-fifh, which greatly contribute towards 
 the fupportof the natives, who fometimes drefs them 
 on fhoie, and at other times in their canoes. They 
 likewifc caught many other kinds of fifh with hooks 
 and line. 
 
 While the captain remained in the harbour, the 
 Englifh colours were difplaycd on fhore, daily, and 
 the name of the fliip, with the date of tlio year, wa.s 
 carved on a tree near the place where they took in 
 their water. 
 
 They failed from Botany Bay on the 6th of Mny, 
 1770, at noon, when off a harbour, which thty called 
 Port Jachjh:, and in the evening, near a bay, to which Port TacVf.m. 
 they gave the name of Btcien Buy. The next day at l'ri>k'cii Ijiy. 
 noon, the northcrnmoft land in fight projci5led fo as 
 to juftify the calling it Cape Three Paints. On Wed- _^ ^^ _, 
 ncfday the 9th, they faw two exceeding beautiful j,^i'i5^;j_ '"° 
 rainbows, the colours of which were ftrong and lively, 
 and thofe of the inner one fo bright, as to roflce'^ its 
 Ihadow on the water. They formed a complete frn-.i- 
 circle, and the fpace between them was much darker 
 than the reft of the flcy. On Thurfilay they paflird a 
 rocky point, which was named A'ciV;/ 5rc/iA'ni. Next., . .^ , 
 day they faw fmoke in feveral places on fhorc, and in '-'^••■'r ''"' 
 the evening they difeoverrd three remarkably high hills 
 near each other, which the captaiii named the T/r.v t\^,^c Rr»- 
 Brelhers. thcis, 
 
 III • ■ On 
 
its 
 
 THE VOYAGE O 
 
 On Sunday ttif lyh, they faw the finokc of many 
 fires on a point of lanO, which w.\s thcreloru 
 called Smsiy Cape. As they procctilcd nortli- 
 ward, ffom Botany Btiyt the l.ind appeared high and 
 well covered with wood. On Tuefday mprningjby 
 the alliftancc of their glalTcs, they difcovcred about u 
 fcore of the Indians, each loaded with a bundle, ^\hieh 
 they imagined to be palm-leaves, to thatch their houlis. 
 They traced them for more than an hour, during wiiicli 
 time they took no notice of the fliip : at length they 
 left the beach, and were loft bthind a hill, which they 
 gained by a gentle afccnt. At noon the captain dil- 
 covcrcd a high point of land, which he called Capt 
 C«p« Byron. Byron. In the evening they perceived breakers at a 
 confiderablediftance from the Ihore, fo that they were 
 obliged to talk, and get into deeper water, which 
 having done, they lay with the head of the vcfl'cl to the 
 land till the next morning, when they were aftonifhed 
 to find themfclves f;icther to the fouthward than 
 they liad been the preceding evening, notwithftand- 
 ing they had a fouthcrly wind all night. In the 
 morning they pafled the breakers, near a peaked 
 mountain, which was named Mmnt I^'uming, and 
 the point off which they lay was called Point Danger. 
 The next day they faw more breakers, near a point 
 which wasdiftinguifhrd by the name o( Peliu Looieul, 
 fo the north of which lies a bay, which Captain Cook 
 called Moreton's Boy, and the north point Captain 
 Cook named Cape Atiutm. Near this place arc 
 three hills, which were called Th/ Glafs-Hiufts, from 
 the very ftrong refcmblaiice they bore to fuch build- 
 ings. 
 
 On the i8th they dcfcricd a point h unequal, that 
 it looks like two fmall idands lying under the land, 
 and it was thvrefore tailed Douhle IJland Point. At 
 noon, by the help of the glaflls, they difcovcred fome 
 fands, which lay in fpots of fevcral acres, which they 
 obft-rved were moveable, and that fome of them had 
 not long been in their prefent fituation, as they faw 
 trees half buried, and the tops of others ftill green, 
 likewife the naked trunks of fome that had been de- 
 flroycd by the fands. At this time two beautiful 
 water fnakcs fwam by the fhip, which feemed to be 
 diftinguiflicd from land-fnakes, only by their broad 
 and flat tails, which it was thought were ufcful to 
 tliem in fwimming. On the 19th they failed by a 
 point of land, on which a large number of Indians 
 were aiTembled, from whence it was called Indian 
 Head. They foon afterwards faw many more of the 
 natives, and obferved fmoke in the day-time, and fire 
 by night. The next day they faw a point, which 
 
 Wcmnt^Varn- 
 Point Danger, 
 
 ^lorcton's 
 
 B..V. 
 
 Cape Moreton 
 
 GUfs Houfcs. 
 
 tViuble Ifland 
 Poinl. 
 
 toilian Head. 
 
 Sandy Cape- 
 Sruk Sea Spit 
 
 was named Sandy Cape, from two large trails of white 
 fand that were en it. They next palled a fhoal which 
 was called Break-Sea Spit, bccaufc they had now 
 fmooth water, after having long encountered a high 
 fea. They had for fome days part, ken the fca-birds, 
 called boobies, none of which they had met with be- 
 fore, and which, from half an hour before fun-r'fing, 
 to haJf an hour after, were continually pafling the 
 fliip in large flights, from which it was conjeiSurcd 
 that there was a river or inlet of fliallow water to 
 the fouthward, where they went to feed in the day, 
 returning in the evening to fome iflands to the north- 
 ward. In honour of Captain Harvey, this bay was 
 B«iT;;Biij. called HarVfy Bay. 
 
 On the 22d, by the help of their glalTes, they dif- 
 covcred that the land was covered with palm-nut 
 trees, none of w.iich they had fecn fincc they quitted 
 the iflands within the tropics. The next morning 
 earlr, the Captain took a party of men, and being 
 attended by Tupia and the feveral gentlemen on board, 
 went on Ihore to examine the country. They landed 
 a little with'i the point of a bay, that led into a 
 large lagunc, by the fides of wiiich grows the man 
 grove, as it alfo docs on fome bogs, and fwamps of 
 lilt-watcr, which they difcovcred. There were many 
 nefts of a Angular kind of ant, as gr'^n as grals ; 
 when the branches of thefu mangroves were difturbcd 
 ihcy came forth in great numbers, and bit the dif- 
 turbcr tnoft li-'vcrcly. Thcfe trees lilcewife afibrded 
 
 ftieltcr for a great number of green Caterpillars ; thelf 
 bodies were covered with hair.-, which, on the touchj 
 gave a pain fimilar to the <Hng of a nettle, but much 
 more acute. Thefc infcdU r.ingcd thcmlllves fide 
 by fide on the leave,'!, thirty or forty together, in a 
 very fingular manner. They faw among the fand- 
 bank«, many birds larger than fwans, which they 
 imagined were pelicans, and they ftiot a kind of buU 
 tard, which weighed feventeen pounds. This bird 
 proved very delicate food, and gave name to the 
 place which was called Bujiard-Bay. They likewife BuftatJ Pajj 
 fhot a duck of a moft beautiful plunia;;c, with a white 
 back. They found vaft numbers of oyfters of various 
 forls, and, among the reft, fome hammer oyfters of 
 a curious kind. While the Englifti were in the 
 woods, I'cveral of the natives came down and took a 
 furvcy of the fliip, and then departed. The gentle- 
 men on Ihore faw fires in many places, and repaiiinij 
 to one of them, they found about a dozen of fmall 
 fires burning near c.ith other; but the people were 
 gone, and had left fome fliells and bones of fifii they 
 had jiift eaten. They likewife faw fevcral pieces of 
 foft bark, about the length and breadth of a man, 
 which thcv judged had been ufed as beds. This kind 
 of encanipiiient was in a thicket well defended from 
 the wind ; and, as the place was much trodden, and 
 there was no appearance of a houfe, it was imagined 
 that they fpcnt iheir nights, .as well as day.s, in the 
 open air, even Tupia inook his head, and exclaimed, 
 Taata tuos ! " I'oor wretches !" They failed the 
 next morning, and on the day following were a-breaft 
 of a point, which lying immediately under the tropic, 
 the captain called Cape Capriarn, on the weft fide of Cape C«i)ri» 
 which they faw an amazing number of large birds com. 
 rcfembling the pelican, fome of which were five feet 
 high. 
 
 On the 26th they flood between a range of almofl 
 barren iflands, and the main land, which is moun- 
 tainous. They had here very fliallow water, and 
 anchored in fixtcen feet, which was not two feet mora 
 than the fliip drew. Mr. Banks tried to fifli from the 
 cabin windows, but the water was too fli.allow. The 
 ground, indeed, was covered with crabs, which gree- 
 dily fcized the bait, and held it till they were above 
 water. Thefc crabs were of two kinds, one of a very 
 fine blue, with a very white belly, and the other 
 marked with blue on the joints, .ino having three re- 
 markable brown fpots on the back. The captain 
 having fent fome men in a boat a-he.ad to found, they 
 returned with an account, that there was not water 
 enough for the fhip to p;ifs through ; upon which 
 they tackrd about and ftoixl back again. In the morn- 
 ing they failed to the northward, and to the northern- 
 moft point of the land the captain ca\c the name of 
 
 fli 
 
 Cape Manifold, from the number of high hills appe ir- 
 
 ■ ■" is a^'^P'^'"'- 
 
 lolJ. 
 
 fliore 
 
 ing above it. Between this cape and the 
 
 bay called Keppefs Bay, and fome iflands bearing the J^^JJ' [-^ j.„ 
 name of the fame gentleman. On the 28th, be- 
 ing determined to keep the main-land clofe aboard, 
 which continued to tend away to the weft, they got 
 among another clufter of iflands; the, were here 
 again greatly alarmed, having on a fuddcn but three 
 fathom water, in a ripling tide. They immediately 
 put the fliip .about, and hoifted out the boat» i» 
 fcarch of deeper water, after which they C >* to the 
 weft with an cafy fail, and, in thecve"i:i<;, c.j.ic to 
 the entrance of a bay. On the 2gth in tlit morning, 
 the niaftcr fent two boats to found the bay ; and th>: 
 ftiip was no fooner under lail than the boats made the 
 fignal, and the fliip accordingly cime to an anchor. 
 As they obferved the tide to flow and ebb confiderably» 
 they imagined this bay to be the entrance of a river 
 that ran up the country. In this place the captain in- 
 tended to lay the fliip afliore, and clean her bottom i 
 and accordingly landed in learch of a proper place k» 
 that purpofe. 
 
 In this excurfion, Meflrs. Banks and Solandcr at- 
 tended Captain Cook. They found walking extreme- 
 ly incommodious, theground being covered with grafs, 
 the feeds of which were Qur[>, and heuded, to th,it 
 
 th'-y 
 
 Tli: 
 
 Cap 
 rou 
 
 Cap 
 
 Cun 
 Illu 
 Wli 
 fall 
 
 Capi 
 
 ter. 
 
 Iloll 
 
 IJav, 
 
-% 
 
 C ATTAIN COOK. 
 
 lit 
 
 ouch| 
 much 
 t Me 
 I in a 
 
 faml- 
 I they 
 f bul- 
 s bird 
 to the 
 kcwifcB"'^"'"'*!' 
 
 white 
 'arious 
 krs ol' 
 in the 
 took .1 
 jciitlc- 
 paiiirii' 
 ( fmi.il 
 c were 
 111 they 
 cces of 
 a man, 
 liskiaJ 
 ;d from 
 :n, autl 
 uaiiiried 
 
 in the 
 laimod, 
 ilcd the 
 a-brcaft 
 I tropic, 
 
 : fide ot"c«reC«iiifr 
 re birds corn, 
 Svc feet 
 
 f almoft 
 
 moun- 
 ter, ami 
 fct more 
 rom the 
 f. The 
 :h grce- 
 
 e above 
 it' a very 
 ic other 
 Ihrec rc- 
 
 captaiii 
 
 id, thcjr 
 water 
 which 
 morn- 
 
 irthcrii- 
 
 lame of 
 
 lie is a'-'.P'^'"- 
 
 the 
 
 lolJ. 
 
 Ih, bc- 
 
 pboaid, 
 
 lev got 
 
 liere 
 
 tlucc 
 
 diately 
 
 kat» ill 
 
 J to the 
 
 t. jiic to 
 
 Irning, 
 
 InJ th« 
 
 Idc the. 
 
 Inchor. 
 
 |rably« 
 
 river 
 
 kill iii- 
 
 Ittom ; 
 
 Ice fu* 
 
 Icr at- 
 Ircir.o- 
 
 > th.il 
 th'-y 
 
 Kcpi^l'i B«y. 
 
 they were continually (licking In their clonths whence 
 they worked (orwnnl to the llefh, by means of the 
 bcarJ. 'I'hey were likewife Icirmenled with tlic per- 
 petual dinging of the mu(i|uitos. Several places were 
 found convenient to hiy the (hip alhore but they 
 could meet with no frefh water ; in the interior parts 
 of the country tlicy found gum-trics, on the branches 
 of which were white ants nells formed of clay, as big 
 as a bulhel. On the other trees thty found black ants, 
 which formed their lodging in the body of it, after 
 they had eaten away the pith, yet the trees were in a 
 flourilhing condition. They found butterflies in fuch 
 incredible numbers, that which ever way they looked, 
 many thoufands were to be feen in the air, whiic every 
 bough and twig was covered with multitudes. They 
 likcwiledifcoveredon the (ground, where it was fuppofed 
 to have been left by the tide, a fifli, about the fizc of 
 a minnow having two ftrong bread fins, with which it 
 leaped away as nimbly as a frog, it did not appear to 
 be weakened by being out of water, nor even to pre- 
 fer that element to the land ; for when feen in the wa- 
 ter it leaped on ihoie, and purfucd its way. It was 
 likewife remarked, that where there were fmall ftones 
 projc^ling above the water, it chofe rather to leap from 
 one ftone to another, than to fwiin through the w.itcr. 
 On the 30th, the captain went on fliorc very early, 
 and having gained the fummit of a hill took a furvey 
 of the coalt, and adjacent iflands, which being done, 
 he took Dr. Solander up an inlet which had be-en dif- 
 covercd the preceding day. The weather proving 
 unfavourable, they returned early to the fliip, having 
 feen only two Indians, who followed the boat a 
 confidcrable way along the fliorc, hut the tide run- 
 ning ftrong, they did not think it prudent to wait for 
 them. This day Mr. Banks went with a party on 
 fliore, and having met with a piece of fwainpy ground, 
 covered with mangroves, they refolved to pafs it, 
 which they did, up to the knees in mud, and fome- 
 times crawling on their hands, when they had flipt 
 between braiiclies of trees, which were interwoven on 
 the furface of the fwamp. Having performed this 
 difagrccablc tallc, they arrived at a fpot where the na- 
 tives appeared to have flcpt on the grafs, and where 
 there were the remains of a fith (upper, which had 
 been roafted by four fmall fires. The fecond lieute- 
 nant, at another place, faw the track of a large ani 
 mal, near a gulley of water ; he likewife heard the 
 voice of the Indians, but did not fee any. Two tur 
 ties were feen at this place, feme water-fowls, and a 
 few fmall land birds. 
 
 As no water was to be found, the captain called 
 TliitnjSound, the inlet Thir/iy Sound, which they left on the 31ft 
 of May, and having failed round three fmall iflands, 
 anchored in fifteen fathom water. On the firft of 
 June they got under fail, having a number of iflands 
 in fight, as far the eye could reach. On the 2d at 
 noon they faw a high promontory, which was called 
 Cipe HilliLo- Cnpe Hilljhortugh, and feemed to abound in wood and 
 wugl". herbage, diftributed on hills, plains, and valleys. 
 
 There are numbers of fmall iflands in this neigh- 
 bourhood, on fonic of which they faw fmoke .arifing 
 in different places. On Sunday the 3d, they difco- 
 CapcComviy. ^'^■'^ '^ P°'"'> which was named Capt Cmway, and 
 between that and Cape Hillfborough a bay, which 
 took the name of Re/iuu Bay. The land about Cape 
 Conway is diverfificd by hills and dales, lawns and 
 woods, and forms a delightful appearance. By the 
 help of their glafles they difcovered three pcrfons on 
 one of the iflands, and a canoe, with an out-rigger, 
 like thofe of Otahcite ; they this d.iy named the iflands 
 Cumberland Ijlands in honour of the Duke, and a paf- 
 f.igc which they difcovered, was called it'hilfunday's 
 U'liirunil.iy's PaJJiige, from the day on which it was feen. At 
 Pairane. day-break, they were a-breaft of a point, which took 
 
 Cape Glouccf- the rame of Cabt Ghucejfir, Names were likewife 
 tcr. given to three other places, viz. Hlhsrnt IJle, Edge- 
 
 Ilolborne Ide, cunihe Bay, and Cope Up/lait, which latter was fo 
 W^ccuinbc ^,^|,^j^ becaufe it rifes abruptly from the lowlands 
 t»j.i Upftart. thiit furround it. 
 
 On Tuefday, when near the fljorc, they faw very 
 
 Jlcpute Bay. 
 
 Cumlierland 
 Iflind. 
 
 lirgc columns of fmoke uCu,^ fuiii the low I.nil;. 17^0 
 
 I'liis diiy they gave name t.i (^!i\'e!<^tid Bay, the eall; ' .^ ' 
 
 point of which was calkd €,1^': CUiik'id, and (he welt Clcvelan.,!;.'/. 
 Mapietkal lj!i, becaufe tiie compafs did not traverfe J;'!',"-''''' 
 v/el'l when they were near it. Thejjoints, as well :i'.tlie M,,^n^.|, .\ 
 main land within them, lie high, and form a barren, lllc 
 rugged, and rocky couU. On the afternoon of Thurf- 
 day they f.iw fevc'ial large columns of fmoke, likewife 
 foine canoes, and fevcral natives, with fome trees, that 
 they thoii<jht were of cocoa-nut, in fcarch of which 
 fruit Mellrs. Banks and Solander went a-(liorc with 
 Lieutenant Hicks j but they returned in the evening 
 with a few plants, which they had gulhcrcd from the 
 cabbage palm, and which had been miftakcn for the ^ 
 
 cocoa-tree. On Friday they gave the name of Point '^'""' "'""='■■■ 
 Hilloik to a point of land, between which and Mag- , ,.., „ 
 nctic Ifle the fhorc forms UMfax Bd, which affords " ' ' ' '' 
 fhelter from all winds : at fix this evening they were 
 a-brcaft of a point of land which w.is named Cii[e tupf Sand- 
 Sandwich^ near which lies Rcckin^bnm Bay. Hence "'"■''•. 
 they ranged northward along the fliorc, toward the Kf'cMiighatn 
 cluftcr of iflands j on one of which about 40 men, 
 women and children were (landing together, and look- 
 ing at the (hip with a curiofity never obfcrvcd among 
 theft people before. The north jioint of Rocking- 
 ham Bay was called Duik Ijle, which is fcarcely ^unk Ific, 
 to be diftingui(hcd from the (hore, it lies fo very 
 near it. On Saturday morning they were a-brcaft of- , . ,. 
 fome fmall iflands which were named Fru:d:,iiJ's Ijle , ip^., 
 near which lie two places, which were calleil C'a; ? i ap-.- Grafton. 
 Grafton, and Green IJland. Here iNLffrs. Banks and Ciiten lil-m!. 
 Solander went afliore with the captain, vvhofe cliief 
 views were to procure water, which not bciny; eafy 
 to be got, they foon returned on board, and the next 
 day an ived near Trinity Bay, which w.is fo called be- 
 caufe it was difcovered on Trinity Sunday. 
 
 As no accident remarkably unfortunate had befallen 
 our adventurers during a navigation of more than 
 1300 miles, along coafts every where abouii-lin^ 
 with the moft dangerous rocks and (hoals, no name 
 expre(rive of diftrcfs had hitherto been given to any 
 cape or point of land which they had feen. But they _. . 
 now gave the name of Cape Tribulation to a po'ntjj"^" " u >. 
 which they had juft difcovered, as they here became 
 acquainted with misfortune. This cape is in 16^ 6' 
 fouth lat. and 214" 39' weft long. 
 
 At fix in the evening they (hortcncd failj to avoid 
 the danger of fomc rocks, which were feen a-headj 
 and to obferve whether any iflands lay in the o(Kng, 
 as they were now near the latitude of thofe iflands 
 faid to have been difcovered by Qiiiros. They kept 
 ftanding off from fix o'clock till near nine, with a 
 fine breeze and bright moon. They had got from 
 fourteen into twenty-one fathom water ; when fud- 
 denly they fell into twelve, ten, and eight fathom, 
 in a few minutes. Every man was inftantly ordered 
 to his ftation, and they were on the point of anchoi- 
 ing, when, on a fudden, they had again deep watery 
 fo that thry thought all danger at an end, concluding 
 they had failed over the tail of fome (hoals which they 
 had feen in the evening. They had twenty fathom 
 and upwards before ten o'clock, and this depth con- 
 tinuing fome time, the gentlemen who had hitherto 
 been upon duty, retired to reft ; but in lefs tlian an 
 hour the water (hallowed at once from twenty to 
 feventeen fathom, and before foundings could be taken^ 
 the (hip ftruck againft a rock, and remained fixedj 
 but from the motion given her by the beating of the 
 furge. Every one was inftantly on deck, with counte- 
 nances fully expreflive of the agitation of their minds< 
 As they knew they were not near the fhore, they con- 
 cluded they had (truck againft a rock of coral, tlie 
 points of which being (harp, and the furface fo rough 
 as to grind away whatever is rubbed againft it, though 
 with a gentle motion, they had rcaion to dread thd 
 horror of their fituation. 
 
 The fails being taken in, and boats hoifted out to 
 examine the depth of water, they found that the (hip 
 had been carried over a ledge of the rock, and lay in 
 a hollow within it. Finding the water was deepeii 
 
 a-ftern^ 
 
ai2 
 
 1770 
 
 THE VOYAGE OF 
 
 a-Acm, they carried out the anchor from the flarboard 
 quarter, ana applied their whulc force to the capilcrn, 
 in hopes to get the vclTcl uff, lut in vain. She now 
 beat (i) violently againfl the rock, that the crew couKl 
 fcarcely keep on their legs. The moon now (hone 
 bright, by the light of which thry could fee the Ihrath- 
 ing-b<Miriiw flj..: f'om the bottom of the vclTcl, till at 
 length the falli ked tolluvvcd, fo that they expefted 
 infunt dcllru£lion. Th r bell chanci- of cfc.niiiiij: 
 fecmcd now to be by lightning licr, but as thry hnii 
 flruck at high water, they would have been out in 
 their prcfent fituation after the vcfTel fhould draw as 
 much lefs water as the water had funk ; but their anx- 
 iety abated a little, on finding that th* (hip fettled on 
 the rocks as the tide ebbed. They, however, flattered 
 thcmfelves, that if the fliip fhould keep together till 
 next tide, they might have fome chance of Hoating 
 her. They therefore inftantly darted the water in thL- 
 hold, and pumped it up. The decayed (lores, oil - 
 jars, ca(ks, ballad, fix of their guns, and other things, 
 were thrown over-board, in order to get at the heavier 
 articles ; and in this bufinefs they were employed till 
 day-break, during all which time not an oath was 
 fwom, fo much were the minds of the failors im- 
 pre(red with a fcnfe of their danger. At day-light 
 they faw land at eight leagues diftance, but not a fingle 
 ifiand between them and the main, on which part of 
 the crew might have been landed, while the boat 
 went on (hore with the reft ; fo that the dcftrudion of 
 the greater part of them would have been inevitable 
 had the (hip gone to pieces. It happened that the wind 
 died away to a dead calm before noon. As they cx- 
 pc(£lcd high water about eleven o'clock, every thing 
 was prepared t" make another cfFort to free the (hip, 
 but the tide fc! i much (hort of that in the night, 
 that (he did not 4ioat by 18 inches, though tliey had 
 thrown over-board near fifty tons weight : they now, 
 therefore, renewed their toil, and threw over-board 
 every thing that could po(ribly be fpared ; as the tide 
 fell, the water poured in fo r.ipid1y, that they could 
 fcarce keep her free by the conltant working of two 
 pumps. Their only hope now depended on the mid- 
 night tide, and preparations were accordingly made 
 for another e(Fort to get the (hip off. The tide began 
 to rife at five o'clock, when the leak likewife encreafed 
 to fucli a degree, that two pumps more were m.inned, 
 but only one of them would work ; three, therefore 
 were kept going till nine o'clock, at which time the 
 (hip righted ; but fo much water had been admitted 
 by the leak, that they expefied (he would fink as foon 
 as the water (hould bear her off the rock. Their fitu- 
 ation was now deplorable beyond defcription, almoft 
 all hope being at an end. They knew that when the 
 fatal moment (hould arrive, all authority would be at 
 an end. The boats were incapable of conveying them 
 all on (hore, and they dreaded a conteft for the pre- 
 ference, as more (hocking th.i'i the (hipwreck itfelf: 
 yet it was confidercd, that thofe who might be left 
 on board, would eventually meet with a milder fate 
 than thofe who, by gaining the (hore, would have no 
 chance but to linger out the remains of life among 
 the rudeft favagcs in the univcrfc, and in a country, 
 where fire-arms would barely enable them to fupport 
 thcmfelves in a moft wretched fituation. 
 
 At twenty minutes after ten, the (hip floated, and 
 was heaved into deep water, when they were happy 
 to find that (he did not admit more water than (he 
 had done before ; yet as the leak had for a confidcrable 
 time gained on the pumps, there was now three feet 
 nine inches water in the hold. By this time the men 
 were fo worn by ''itigueof mind and body, that none 
 of them could pump more than five or fix minutes at 
 a time, and then threw tliemfelvcs, quite fpcnt, on the 
 deck, amidft a dream of water which came from the 
 pumps. The fuccccding man being fatigued in his 
 turn, threw himfelf down in the fame manner, while 
 the former jumped up and renewed his labour, thus 
 mutually ftruggling for life, till the following accident 
 had like to have given them up a prey to ablolutc dcf- 
 pair, and thereby infurcd their dcftru£lion. 
 7 
 
 Between the infiile lining nf ilic (1,ii.", bottom, 
 which is tillfd (he titllni;, uiid tlit outdde ihiiikinu, 
 [here is a fp.icr of about kuntieii or <i,,liuui iiitliiv. 
 Tliemaii who had hiihirlo t,;l;in tin jiptli ol w.ilei 
 atlliewcll, li.ij taliiii ll iinf.irUur il,.<ii the tiil.ii;;, 
 but being now itlicvul by another in 1 Ion, wlu. lo.'k 
 tlic depth of the oulfule plank, it ;i|i|j(aicd, by this 
 midakc, that tlie Ic.ik li,id fuildtiily i.iiiivd uj.oii tltc 
 pumps, the wUnU ilitKuint hetwieii ilic tun pLiik-. 
 ■('his circun\(lai'ite dc|iii\iJ tlieni of .;M lin(ic , ami 
 fcarce any one thou|;lit it worth wlilk' 10 l.ihour, for 
 the longer prefeivation of a life wliiili nuill fo foon 
 have a period : but tlie midakc was foon difcoviud : 
 and the jov arifing from fuch unexpe(ikd good ncwj 
 infpired the men with fo much virour, th.it brforc 
 eight o'clock in the morning, they li.id pinupnl out 
 confidcrably more water than they h:»l (liiiipal. 'I'hty 
 now talked of nothing but getting tlie fliip into 
 fome harbour, and fet heaitily to work loget in their 
 anchors ; one of which, an! the c.ibU of anotlur, thiy 
 loft i but tlicfc were now confidercd as trifles. (Liv- 
 ing a good breeze from fea, they got under fail at elcvi n 
 o'clock, and decrcd for land. As they could notdil- 
 cover the exail fituation of the leak, they had nn 
 profpeftof doppingit within fide of the vedll, but 
 the following expedient, which one of the miiKhip- 
 men h.id formerly fecn tried with fuccefs, was adopted. 
 They took an old dudding-f.iil, and having mixed a 
 large Quantity of oakam and wool, chopped fmall, 
 it was (fitched down in handfuls on the fail, as lightly 
 as polTible, the dung of their (heep and other filth 
 being fprcad over it. Thus prepared, the f.iil was 
 hauled under the (hip by ropes, which kept it extended 
 till it came under the leak, when the fusion carrit.J 
 in the oakham and wool from the furface of the fail. 
 This experiment fucceedcd fo well, that, indcad ol 
 three pumps, the water was cafily kept under with 
 one. 
 
 They had hitherto no farther view than to run the 
 (hip into fome harbour, and build a vcffc\ from her ma- 
 terials, in which they might reach the Eaft Indies ; 
 but they now began to think of finding a proper place 
 to repair her damage, and then to purfue their voyage 
 on its original plan. At fix in the evening they an- 
 chored feven leagues from the (hore } and found that 
 the (hip made 15 inches water an hour during the 
 night; but as the pumps could clear this quantity, 
 they were not uncafy. At nine in the morning they 
 pafTed two iflands, which were called Hife IfianJs, Mope Idindj 
 becaufe the reaching of them had been the object of 
 their wifhes at the time of the (hipwreck. In the 
 afternoon the mader was fent out with two boats to 
 found and fearch for a harbour where the Ihip might 
 be repaired. They anchored at fun-fet, in four fa- 
 thoms water, two miles from the (hore. One of the 
 mates being fent out in the pinnace, returned at nine 
 o'clock, reporting, that he had found fuch a harbour 
 as was wanted, at the diftance of two leagues.^ 
 
 At fix o'clock the next morning tliey failed, having 
 previoufly fent twobo.ats a-hcad, to point out the(houls 
 that they faw in their way. They foon anchored 
 about a mile from the (hore, when the captain went 
 out, and found the channel very narrow, hut tlie 
 harbour was better adopted to their prcfent purpofc, 
 than any place they had feen in the whole courfc of 
 their voyage. As it blew very fre(h this day and tlic 
 following night, they could not venture to run into 
 the harbour, but remained at anchor during the two 
 fuccecdingdays, in the courfc of which they obferved 
 four Indians on the hills, who ftopped and made two 
 fires. 
 
 The men by this time began to be a(Rii5led with the 
 fcurvy ; and their Indian friend Tupia, was fo iil 
 with it, that he had livid fpots on both his legs. Mr. 
 Green the aftronomerwas likewife ill of the famcdil- 
 order } fo that their being detained from landing was 
 every way difagrceable. Ti:c wind continued fri.(h 
 till the 17th, but they then refoKed to piifh in for the 
 harbour, and twice ran the fliip a-ground ; " - 
 the fccond time (lie duck fad, on which they 
 
 took 
 
tr 
 
 CAPTAIN COOK. 
 
 t 
 
 f 
 
 o * 
 
 ir 
 
 y 
 
 in 
 li- 
 no 
 uit 
 
 ;cu. 
 
 a * 
 
 hily 
 tilth 
 
 ndcd 
 irriiJ- 
 
 fail. 
 •nJ ol 
 
 with 
 
 m the 
 .r m»- 
 n<lic« > 
 \ place 
 age 
 iiii- 
 tlwt 
 the 
 ntity. 
 they 
 flk.nJs, Hope 
 ■' =1 of 
 n the 
 joaw to 
 miglt' 
 our fa- 
 of the 
 at nine 
 harbour 
 
 having 
 hclhoal* 
 anchored 
 
 1,1 went 
 
 but the 
 
 purpofc. 
 rourfc of 
 and the 
 'run into 
 17 the two 
 ^obfcrvid 
 
 made two 
 
 i with the 
 ft-as fo "I 
 eg*, ^^f- 
 : famcdii- 
 
 .'nding «»* 
 
 inucd frcJh 
 
 in for the 
 
 i1Ulld > " 
 
 rhicU they 
 tooV: 
 
 IQand). 
 
 look the booms, fore-yarJ, and forc-fop tnafts down, 
 
 and maiL' a raft um tlie fiJu of the Ihipi and ab thv 
 tide happened lo be riling-, (lie flualid .it one o'clock. 
 She «•,!» n<nv loon got inm tin. li;iibour uhcic ll\e was 
 moored .dnn^ the lide ol a iiemli, ami the anchois, 
 cables, il>'c. unmediately taken out .'Ihei. 
 
 On Sui'day morniin; they erected a tent for the (itlt, 
 fevcriil of whom wtic brouii;ht on (liuic as foon as it 
 was ready for their reception. They liktwile buili 
 a tent lo hold the provilions and Itores w liii h were 
 laniled tlu' famcd.iy. 'riioui>h the bo.it w.udifpatchrd 
 in quell of filh for provilion fur the ficiv, (h.- rLtiirmij 
 without fuitrf* J but 'l"iipia employid hinilelf in 
 angling, and the fiek fubdllcd on what hccjui;ht, nnd 
 recovered very fall. The hi^'Ji l.nul up the country 
 was llony and barren, and near tiie river over-run 
 with mangroves, among which at every lide the lalt- 
 water came up. Mr. Banks in an exeui fum law the 
 frames of feveral houfes, wiiich appeared to have been 
 fomc time abandoned. 
 
 The forge was now fet up, and preparations were 
 made for repairing the vcllel. And ihis day Mr. 
 Banks, crofling the river to view the country, found it 
 to bo little clfe but fandy hills. He perceived vail 
 flocks of pigeons and crows, and fliot feveral of the 
 former which proved moll beautiful. The fliip hav- 
 ing fprung a leak, it \ as thought ncciflary to carry 
 her hi){her up 'he haibour, to find a llatlon proper for 
 her to be laid m wliile this was flopped. 
 
 On examining her on the zzd, it appeared that the 
 rocks had cut through four |>lanks into the tim- 
 bers, and that three other planks \^•cre dani;i';ed ; but 
 not a fplinter was to be feen in all thofe breaches, the 
 whole being as fmooth as if it had been cut with an 
 inllruinent of iron. One of thefe holes was large 
 tnoug,h to have funk her even with eight pumps 
 going ; but the fiflure was in a great hieafure llopped 
 by a fragment of the rock being left flieking in it. 
 Some pieces of oakum, wool, iic. having gniten be- 
 tween the timber had likewife contributed to flop 
 feveral parts which the (lone had left open. The vef- 
 fel was befidcs otherwife damaged. 
 
 The carpenters continued working on the (liip, 
 while the fmiths were bufied in making holts and 
 nails, and fomc wentacrol's the river to llioot pigeons 
 for the fick. They found a (Iream of frelh water, 
 faw feveral Indian noufes, and oblerved a moufe-co- 
 lourcd animal that was 'cry fwift. As to iilh, though 
 they faw plenty, thev caught but three of them. 
 Many of the cvcw feeing th'; animal jull mcntioncdj 
 declared they had feen the devil, dcfcrib'ng this crea- 
 ture in the mod terrible manner, fuch as thev appre- 
 hended mull be the figure of the grand foe ofmaiiki;id. 
 It feems thefe men had feen a bat which had thus ilruck 
 them with fear and aflonilhment. 
 
 The repairs of the (hip were now going forward, 
 the carpenters began to work on her ftarboard fide i n 
 the 24th. Some palm cabbages nnd a bunch 01 twc. 
 of wifd plantains were obtained by Mr. Cjore fi.r tlie 
 refrefhmcnt of the fick j and the captain and Mr. 
 Banks faw the above-mentioned animal, which h.id 
 along tail that it carried like a grey-hound ; the point 
 of its foot rcfcmblcd that of a goat, ami it leaped like 
 a deer. — When the vclTel was examined abaft, it \va^ 
 found that (he had not received much ininry In that 
 quarter. The carpenters, however, continued their 
 work whenever the tile would allow them. The 
 vcfiel was now in a pofuion that threw all the water 
 abaft, in confequrnce of wliicli, Mr. Banks's collec- 
 tion of plants which had be?n removed into the bread- 
 room were found under. Some of them were totally 
 fpoilcd, but the greater part were rcftorcd by proper 
 care and attention. They now endeavoured to float 
 the (liip by throwing water-cafks under her bottom ; 
 but this not fucceeding, they were obliged to wait till 
 Vol I. N^i8. 
 
 the next fpring-tidc. They now fiiiind more c.ibhigc.' 
 trees, and a liuit of a deep colour, whicli \va^ about 
 the lire of a golden pip|>in, and wlun kept a lew d.us 
 tailed like a damolcen. And a plant was difi'overed 
 which refembkd our Ln;;lini f|iiii,i;;r. 
 
 Some of the crew went up the covintry with Mr. 
 Hanks, on the 28th, whofhcwcd ihtmapl.i-'.t ihat letv- 
 for greens, wliici; «a-. of thi. fort th.it ihe \Vil(-In- 
 dians call Jiidian kale. 1 hiy faiv hire .1 tree i.'itthed 
 for cl'Tihin;; in the fame m.ii.iur a.-, had b .en obKtvrd 
 in Hotany IJ.iy, 'I'hey alio met with nells <f white 
 ants, from the height ol liv 11 iiuhes to fivi feet. 
 I'lints of mens feet, and the trails of li;vcral animals 
 were dilcovered up the country. 1 he next day a wolf 
 was feen fimilar to thofe fiiund in Anurica. 
 
 Kilh were taki n in fuch a i|iiantity the f.rft day as 
 to allow a pound and a half to each mnn. 
 
 'Ihe captain afeendcd a hill on the pth, in order 
 to take a view of the lea, which pref;nlid no agrec- 
 ablf profpeifl, as there were lliials and Ihr.d bank , 
 almoll on every fide, but as the wind blew ct.iJlanily 
 from the fuuth he thou'iht he might get ele r hy a 
 palla^e that appeared to open to the northward. This 
 day Mr. CJore faw two animals of a flraw coliiir, 
 Ihaped like a dog, but about the fize of a hare. And 
 now fo much fi(h was taken, and fuch a plenty of 
 greens gathered, that the (hips company had no rea- 
 fon to complain of th.ir provifion;-. 
 
 All the men were allowed to go on (hore on the 
 I ft of July one excepted from each mcfs, who went on 
 the filhing partv, which fucceeded very well. On 
 Tuefday the mailer, who h.id bieil fent in the pinnace 
 to look for a channel, returned, and brought word 
 that he had found a pafl'.ige betwein the (ho.;ls. He 
 found fome cockles fo large thai one of them was 
 fuflicient for two men, befides plenty of Ihellfilh, 
 and of thefe he brought a fupplv. In his return to the 
 vefiel he landed in a bay whue fome Indians were at 
 fupper, who fled : they found fome fea eggs and a 
 fire ready to drefs them. 
 
 The attempt to float the (hip fucdecdcd this day, 
 but finding that by the pofition Ihe had lain in (lie 
 had fprung a plank, it was judged necen"ary to lay 
 her aihore, which was accordingly done on the 4th, 
 and the next d.iy (lie was floated at high water, and 
 moored off the beach, in order to receive the (lores. 
 Mr. Banks crofl'ej the haibour the fume day, and 
 found a great number of fruits, fuch as they h.id not 
 feen before, among which there w.is a coco»-nui, that 
 as I'upia faid, had been opened by a crab. All the 
 vegetables picked up here were interfperfed with ma- 
 rine pioduiSliuns. This gentleman having taken a 
 boat for the purpofe went up the river on the 6th, 
 and returned on the bth. Having examined the coun- 
 try they found it little different from what they h.ad 
 already feen, and following the courfe of the river, 
 found it to be at length contrai5led within a narrow 
 channel which was bounded by ftcep banks adorned 
 with beautiful trees, and the bark tree among t.he red. 
 The land was low and covered with verdure, and 
 feemcd capable of cultivation. Several animals were 
 feen, one of which they judged to be a wolf. -, 
 
 " At night, fays my author, they made a fire and ^ 
 took lip their quarters on the bank of the river, but 
 the night was rendered extremely difagrecabJe by the 
 (lings of the mufijiiitos, which purfued them into the 
 Imokc and nlnioft into the fire. At break of day they 
 fet out in feaich of game, and faw four animals, two 
 of which were chafed by Mr. Banks's greyhound; 
 but they greatly oiitllrippcd him infpecd, by leaping 
 over the long thick grai's, which incommoded the dog 
 in runnini:. It was oblerved of this animal, that he 
 leaped or bo;indcd forwanl on two legs, inllcad of 
 running on four. H.iving returned to the boat, they 
 proceided up the river, till it contraiiled to a brook 
 Kkk of 
 
 range a:a. 
 als. 
 
 '* This (HKir fellow olifervcd that he was as large «^ a eallon* 
 tnil hail linrnv and wini»s; " \ct (atlileil lie) crept fu (lovely 
 tlitnii^li tlie i^raf^ that if I had not been aicard 1 luiglit have 
 
 touched liim. As to the horns tli.it cxiOcd only in Ins fancy 
 which was jull then tilled with tri^hifiil iinaj|c,. 
 
 .** 
 
114 
 
 THE VOYAGE Ot 
 
 of frefti wnfiT, tut in which the tiilo rofo coiifiderably. 
 \VtK-n t'uy llopivil for the niaht, tlicy i.iw a linoko 
 »l .1 ili.fincr, on which thrir of tlitm api'ioaclicil it, 
 h:it the InJiJiis were cunc. 'I'hcy faw llu ini|irtllioiis 
 ol I vt ii!it'ii; f.\ncl, b-Tow hip;h-w.iter maili,aiij fdiiiul 
 a file lijii hiiinin.; iii i.'if hullow <if an oM tnc. At 
 a fniall Jiftincc lluv liW fcvcral liui«, ami obfcrvni 
 ovens dii;; in il>c i.ri'UiiJ : the riniain»of ii recent 
 meal were likewiie appaint. llu y now rctircii to 
 iheirrcihn -placp, aiul lUpt on plantain Icues, with 
 a bumli o| ^i.ils for their pillort«, on Ilie liilc of a 
 I 111! bank tirvJir till Iheliir ul a bufti. 'Ihe tiile fa- 
 vouiing the!;- return in ihi' nuirnirii.;, they lo(( no time 
 in ^ettin.; luek i;i the ihip. 1 he nialKr, who hail 
 bn.li (<.\i.n Kajucs at da, riturneil loon alter Mr. 
 li.i ikj, biin^inj; with him three turtUk, which he 
 ti.iN with a boat-hi ('k, and which together wciyheJ 
 near ei^ht hiir.on J pounds. lie was feni out next 
 n.i'rr.ir.?, ai:il Mr. Hanks i.cconipanieil him with pro- 
 per i:il(ru:Tienls f.)r catching tiirth' : but not being luc- 
 ccl5f.ll, he would not go back that nij'ht, fo that Mr. 
 ll.'.nks, aftc. ilUcfine f'nie fti'lK aiul marine pro- 
 i!j:lioii>, returned in his own fmall boat. 
 
 In the morning tho fccond lieutenaitt waj fent to 
 brine the mailer back, foon after which four Indians, 
 i.T a Im.ill canoe, wore within fi^ht. I'hc captain 
 iiowdeti-rmintd 'o take no notice of thele jieopc, as 
 tPe i:.oll l,kJy way to be noticed by them. This 
 prcjtcf anfwervd ; two of them came within mufquet 
 fhot of the vell'el, where they eon erled very loud ; in 
 return, the pioplcon be'u:d ill nitcd, and made rii;ns 
 cf invuaiion. I he Indi.ins gradually approached, with 
 their lances htld up; not in a inmacing manner, but 
 as if they mc->nt to intimate that they were capable of 
 defending themlVlve'. They came almoff alon^-fidc, 
 when the c.iptain threw them doih, nails, paper, 
 &e'. which did not feem to attract their notice, at 
 liii.;th oneof the lailors threw a In. all ti(h, which fo 
 ()!eafeil thvm, tint they hinttil their deligns of brinr,- 
 111,4 their con. puiions, and immediately rowed for the 
 Ihore. In the interim, 'I'upia and fome of the cicw 
 landed on the oppolite (liorc. The four Indians now 
 tame quite along-fide the (hip, and having received 
 farther pri-llnt-, landed wliere Tupia and tlie failors 
 had gone. They had each two lances, and a Hick 
 wir'i'\hich they threw them. Advancinp; towards 
 the E:i, i'ft, Tupi.! pcifuaded tlu-m to lay down their 
 air.r., an! ft by him, which they readih did. Others 
 of I'. ■• crc-v now goini on Ihore, the Indians fecmcd 
 jealni.-. !ell they fliould get between them and their 
 arms, Iv.u care wir taken to coni incc them that no 
 fiic.'i t'lii _r was intei'dcd, and more trifles were pre- 
 feiitcd to llum. The crew ftaid with them till din- 
 ner-ti.xe, and then made fiTiis of invitation for them 
 to go to ti;e fhip and eat ; hut this thiy declinul, and 
 retired in ti;>ir canoe. Thefc men were of the com- 
 mon ItTtu.", with very fmal! limbs ; th( ir complexion 
 v/as of a i!c"p chocolate; their hair black, either 
 lank or curl J, but not of the woolly kind; the 
 brtilis arj uipcr lip of one of them were painted 
 with I'r.ik o, white, v. hich he called rflriajv/rt, and 
 fome p_r; i..' their b xiies had been painted red. 'J"htir 
 teeth were v, hile and even, thrir eyes bright, and iheir 
 feut'ir;s rather plealliig; their voices iiiulical, and 
 tl.ey rcpc:.'.cU feveral ilnglifli words with great rca- 
 diiiefs. 
 
 ri'e v'Si: of three of thct Indians v/as renewed 
 the mxt moriiinr,, rnd they broui;ht with I'leni a 
 fourth, whemi tl.ev called »;/,7r;f.-, who appeared to 
 be a perfon of fome conieijucnee, 'I he boiii' of a 
 bird, about fix inches long, was thruft through the 
 griii'e of his nofe ; and indeed all tl:e inhabitants of 
 th'<. pl.u. e h.ad ihiir nofes borc<!, for the rceeoiion of 
 fueh an ornament. Thtfe people beiiig all naked, 
 the captain jjaie one of them an old fhirt, which he 
 bour.d round his head like a turban, inlfcad of ufing 
 it to cfiver anv part of his bodv. They brought ;i 
 fifh to the fiiip, whieh was I'uppoled to b.- in payment 
 fuf that !;iv en them the day before : after (laying fome 
 time, Vi ilh apparent f..'.iifacl.ion, they fuddenly leaped 
 6 
 
 into their canof, and lowfd ifT, from a iealoiify of lbm« 
 of the gi'iitknun who uiie examining il. 
 
 Three Indians vilited Tupi.i's tent on the I 2th of 
 July, and after remalniii;; fonie tin.e, unit tor two 
 iilurs, whom t!iey intn.duecil liy name. Some hill was 
 olllred them, but th.yleem.d not nmch to regard it; 
 and al:er Latini; a little, thty ga\c the remainder tei 
 .Mr. Banks's ihv'. Some iihbaiwls which hid been 
 given them, to which meilals '.ere fulpemltd rounJ 
 their niiks, were lo changed by fmoke, that it was 
 dillicult lo judge what colour th< y li.id hem, and the 
 linoke had mad ■ their (kins look darkil tl-.m their na- 
 tural colour, fnin whence it was thought that they 
 had flept dole to their (ires, as a preventative againit 
 the lUng of the mufquili.s. Doth ihe llrang'.r'. hid 
 bones llirough then nods, and a piece of hark tied 
 over their forehe.ids ; and one of them hr.d an crni- 
 mcnt of (l.ings round his arm ; and an elegant neck- 
 lace ni.ide if llu.IU. Their canoe was about ten feet 
 long, and oleulated to hold lour perfoiis, and when 
 it was in (liallow w.'.ter they moved it by the nelp ot' 
 poles. Tlijir lances had only a lingle point, anJ 
 fome of thun were barbed with lilhbon.'-. On the 
 14th Mr. (jore (hot one of the nmufe-eolouud aiii- 
 nals abovi-inenlioncd. It chanced 10 be a youn;; 
 one, weighing more than 3S pounds; but when they 
 are full gro«n, they are as large its a (h e ■. The; 
 (kin of this bea(l, which is called Koiigni' , is co- 
 vered with iliort fur, rnd is i>f a dark nuele e.jlour ; 
 t!ie head and rars .11 e fomcwhat like thoCe of a hare j 
 this animal was drclled for dinner, and p.oved tine 
 catinr^. The (hip's crew fd on turtle alme.il every 
 day, which were liner than tliofe eaten in England, 
 owing to their being killeil before their natural lat was 
 wafted, and their juices changed. 
 
 Mr. ';anks and Dr. Sid.inder went with the captain 
 into the Woods on the ijih, and faw four Indians in 
 a Canoe, who went on /heiie, and walked up without 
 lign of fear. They accepted Icme bead-, and de- 
 partiel, intimating iha' thiv did not chule to be fol- 
 lowed. The natives be r , now become familiar with 
 tl'.efliip's crew, oncof .hem was defircd to threw his 
 lance, which he did w ith fuch de.\terity and f'rce, 
 that though it was iu)t abov e four feet from the grtuii J 
 at the highelf, it penetrated deeply into a tree at the 
 dillancc of fifty yards. The natives no.v raire ot\ 
 hoard the (hip, i.nel were well pleafid with their en- 
 tertainment. On the igth, they law feveral of the 
 women, who, as well as the men, were quite naked. 
 Thev were this d.ay vifitid by ten eif the native, wd'.e> 
 feemed refidved te) have one eif the turtles that was (>n 
 boaiil, which they repe.itedly made figns for, and be- 
 ing as repeatedly refufed, they cxpicllid the utmcft 
 rageanel relintn.ent, one of ilum in p.irticular, !iav- 
 ing received a denial from Mr. IJanks, be fl;;mi)cd, 
 andpufhed him ;iway in a moll viclent iranner. -At 
 length thev 1 lid hands t^w two of the tuitUv, and drew 
 them to the fide of the (hip where the canoe lay, but 
 the fallors took them away. They made fevi ::il fii>ii. 
 lar attempt', but being equally unfuce'ef^ful, th'y 
 leaped fuddeiilv into their canoe, and lowed oft'. At 
 this inllaiu the captain, with Mr. I5an!;s, and five or 
 fix of thefi-.imen, went em Ihoie, where they arriveel 
 before the Indi.ins, and wherein. my ejf tile crew were 
 already enip!e.>yed. As feion as the Indians laniled, 
 one of them fnatched a fire biani! from under a pitch- 
 kettle, and running to the windward of whatctTetts 
 were left on (liore, let fire to the dry ^r; fs, which 
 burned rapidly, feorelied a pig lo death, hii'iied part of 
 the fuiith's forge, anel would l...ec i!i lliojed a tent of 
 Mr. Hanks, but that fome p'i;|dc car.y 'rem the (hip 
 jiill in time to get it out of the way ei the fl;'mi s. 
 In the mean while the Indi:.ns went to a ; 'ace i. hrre 
 the fifliing-nets lay, .nr.d a qiiaiuiiy im' K.-i n wa; t del 
 out totlry, and there again let liret toil.: £r;.rs, in fijite 
 of all perluahon, andc. jn of th.-eats. A iTiui.;i.Pt 
 loaded with I'maH (hot was fired, and one of them 
 being woundeil, they lan awae , hkI th's I'lcoii',! lira 
 was cxtin^uilL.'d i but l.V. u:i:i.r bainel f.ir into iha 
 woejJs. 
 
 The 
 
CAPTAIN COOK. 
 
 3'J 
 
 tii- 
 
 ■J. 
 
 vl'.o 
 
 (•!> 
 
 K-- 
 
 iif.ft 
 
 r.iv- 
 
 pti!. 
 At 
 . \v 
 but 
 
 I'll- 
 h.y 
 At 
 or 
 \ril 
 ,rrc 
 lul, 
 rh- 
 
 ch 
 
 It of 
 It of 
 ■hi [I 
 
 Ik s. 
 
 hid 
 
 y.te 
 ..rt 
 
 -m 
 
 |-:i3 
 
 The nativM (lill fontiniiinj in (l|j;lif, :i imiliiiict 
 chi»i'j;i.-il with h.ill wiis liml m ir ll:iiii, ii;>iiti Ikmiiii^- 
 %vliii.li tluy liiciii jicit nut <i( fi hi ; liut ihiir xoIccn 
 bciii;; luiinl in tilt wnoil, iiiiil (i^itiiiii; tmiiinc iu;iRr, 
 tlic i',i|U.iin with ;i Uw |hii|.1c, «i-nt to iim't tliiiii. 
 Wluii tluy wiR- in li;,lit nl iMth uihir holh jiartics 
 Ooppul, i\ri|it iin nlil liuli.in, whu ii'lvamul licliin- 
 the rcit :l little way, but li>()M li.iltcil, ;imlt;HMkiiii; 
 a low Wdiils ntnatiil to 111', bnthuii, iinil tlicy all 
 retiiiil (lowly tOj^ethrr. The Kn'Jilh h.ivin;- Icr/i'il 
 fume 111 tlK•il■cla^t^, Killowcil tliiiii about a mile, anil 
 then latiloivn, the Indians fitting .iboi.t a hiimlritl 
 yards I mm thiiii. 
 
 'I'hi' oKI man a,;ain came forwanl, havin"/m his 
 hanil a l.iiiifwith a point. He lloppul anil l;>okc Ic- 
 veial tnii' s "I' «hii. Ii lla- laptaiii mail.- li 'iimiI liiiiiJ- 
 fllip. 'riit oKI liiiliaii now UiriKil lo his i.oni|iaiiioii<, 
 nn\ haviii.r Ipokin to ih.ni, tin y plaiiJ their lanes 
 againit a tuf, ami tame (orwaui as in liieniKhip, 
 wlicrcupoii tliiirilaits, whitli hail birli taken, wvrc re- 
 tiiriiLi), ami ihi: whole (|ii,urel (eenuil at an rm!. 
 The InJians having aiciptcd foiiic tiinkets, walkcil 
 amicably towards the roall, intimatinj; by hois that 
 ihey would not hre tin.' graCs aguiii. I hey l.itilown 
 oppolitc the Ihip, hut would not •'," on bi.aol, and 
 they accepted a lew muliniet-balls, the ufe and ittVcl 
 of whiiii the captain eniliavound toe\)daiii to llnm. 
 When Captain Cook j-oi on board, he law the woi ils 
 burn in", at ilied ilia nee ol iw o mil; s. 
 
 The m.illir ha iii', been lent to learth for a pafTa^r 
 to the ne.riliwarii, returned with an acioiit that he 
 coulJ not liiul any. JJy tlieiii.'ht nl the ."•.ot'i, thehre 
 had exltnded in.iiiy imI-s roiiiul thi m on the hills, 
 which at iiijiht formed an appearance that was vcr\' 
 flrikin;'. On the 2iu they kilKil a turtle, through 
 both Ihoulders of which iiiiek a wooden harpeon, 
 which I lie Indians had llncki n it with, and the wound 
 wai quite he.i led. I'henext dav,on -ot tli'j f.amen,\\lio 
 lind Itraved fiom his coni| any, met with four Indian'. 
 atdinnrr; he was alarniul at this uiiexp.cled meeting, 
 but had pruilenic enoir li to conceal his appichen- 
 fions, and fittini; down by them :;avc ihein In-- kiiile, 
 which having: all looked al, they returned ; I.e then 
 would h.ivc lift them, but they chofe to d. t:'.iii him 
 till, by feeling his hands and face, they were con- 
 vinced he w.is made of Helli and blood like themli lees : 
 they then dilmidid him, directing him the neiiell 
 way to the fhip. Mr. IJanks h.iviiii; gone on (lioie in 
 feaich of plants, loulid the cloth that had been dif- 
 tributed among the natives, lyini: in a heap, as a 
 commodity of no value, On the a.tth, MJ1V<. 
 Solandcr and Uanks found feveral marking-nuts 
 on the ground ; but their fearch for the tree that 
 bore them was intircly fruillef;. On the zOth .Mr. 
 Banks caught a female animal, called the Opojjun:, 
 with two young ones. 
 
 By the 2f)tli the fhip was re.idy for f:a, but there 
 was not vater fufficicnt for her to pafs the bar. On 
 the lirft of Aiigulf they found that the pump-, were 
 all rotten j but as the vell'el admitted only an inch of 
 water in an hour, they hoped (he would he liout 
 enough to hold out the voyage. On the fourth of 
 this month they put to fea, the pinnace ,';oing a-bcad 
 to keep founding, and at noon came to an anchor, 
 C»pe Bedford, when the captain gave the name of Ci:^/ BrJ/inl ui 
 the norlhernmolt point of land in light, and that of 
 E»iii\rjci:r Riuir to the harbour which they had 
 quitted. 
 
 The provifions they obtained while in the harbour, 
 confiftcd of turtle, which they went fume miles to fca 
 to catch, oyftcrs of three different forts, large ca- 
 valhcor fcomber, large mullets, fome flat fifh, aereat 
 number of fmall fcnmher, and ftait, or ray hfli ; 
 purllain, wild beans, the tops of cocoas, and cab- 
 bage palms. Of quadru pedes there are goats, wolves, 
 and pole-cats ; there are many ferpeius, only fome of 
 which arc venomous ; dogs are the only tame animals ; 
 the land fowls are kites, crows, h.uvks, loriquef, 
 cock.itoos, parrots, pigeons, and (mall birds o( various 
 kinds, the names of which arc not known : the water 
 
 ('i)wN are wild gee fc, curlew, hen •iifllir;^diiil i^'o 
 
 which perch entrees, and lom*' I olhiis. 'I'l, ' ^ I 
 Inil piudueis the f.um-trec, nn'i v ■: ti- ufhct kiii>.1« 
 of W(«id, and foaif' i',r.i(''. The \, lu.lc of l^e cnio^. 
 II V is Will watered, and ant-hills abound in every part 
 ol it. 
 
 The captain went to the mall -head on the 4th to 
 look at lome Oi'als which Ihiatened great d.ine'er 1 
 and he l.iw ftvcral v\ th'.m ahiV* the wji'r. '1 his 
 day Inch a nuanlity of lifh was caught, as ailowid a 
 dividend of two pounds lo ehch man. Dining the 
 fix following davi they Ifrufgl 'I ilieeffi'ntly to fail 
 I Isly palk the (hiiib .md breaker , by which they were 
 eve.y way (urrounded ; hii:, lor ;lie prefent, their at- 
 tempts were vain. On the ic;!i, tiiey were bel.ieen 
 a h .iil-l.iiid, ail tliuc lOiiids, which h;.d been dif- ' 
 covered on tli.' piiiidinj; day ; and began loionccive 
 hops lb It they were out ol dan;;er j but 'his not 
 proving to be thecile, the liea I -lard received ih- name 
 of Ct-i h'ltitttir. tii'iiie land .vas now Icen from the 
 mad-head, which wa-. ^leiierally l.iken for Ihe main, Cn'c r'..iiter". 
 bur the captain jiidged it to be a dull r of iil.iiulsi 
 tr.'.l during this Jiverlity of opinion, the (hip came to 
 in anehor. The capiam now landed, and alci iidini; 
 a liieji point, took a fui veyof the fia-eoill, by which 
 he was confirmed in his opinion, thatwiiat ih.y had 
 feeii was not any part of the main, but a number of 
 illaiids. On the point where he Hood were leeii the 
 prints of human f et, in white (and of mi ixipiifitc 
 tineiiefs, and the (pot was denominatid /\,/,/ /L«i/po;i t [.och 
 Hut. Out. 
 
 Kailyon the iith, ATr. Banks and the captain 
 went to vlfit the largcft of the three i(l;.iid«, which 
 had been lien from the point the pr cidiiig d . .•, Hav- 
 ing gained thefummitof the hi^itiell hi!l, t'ly beheld 
 a reef of rocks, on whith the (ea L .oke in a lnj;htful 
 manner, but thi- thicknefs of the wc.ither prevented 
 A pvifetlview; they lodged under a hufti dui ing the 
 nigl'.t, in hopes of luving a better pn ''peel in the 
 mi-irning: hut tliewealhe: proved v.oifeth:iiioii ihepie- 
 ccding dav : yet, as thev law what had tiie .ipp. irancc 
 of a tlMiinel between the leefs, apcrionwas (.-nt to 
 examine it, who found it very narrow. Il-.ey now 
 let out to return to the (hip, attrr gjviiu; the name of 
 Liziiri! f/.'ani/ tn thh pl.'.ce, liom their l:a\ ing ficn noLiinnl Idnnd. 
 .iiiiir. i!s but li/avds rn it. Upon tlu'r return they 
 Iindeilona low fandy ifland, wiiieh abounded in birds 
 of various kinds, an.ong which were c:,gle<, a neft of 
 the young of wliich they took, and caiKd the place 
 A'.^f/i- /j:'::t:il. On this fjiot they (aw the neit oi Ionic 1£jj;!c IHai.J. 
 birds, which was built with (omc (liel s on t!ie 
 ground ; i: was near three feet in height, and nventy- 
 lix round. 
 
 During the Interval of their abfence from the (hip, 
 the nialkr had landed on feveral low ifiand', wlei^ he 
 had feeii gre.-.t he.ips of uiriV: flulls, and tuunil ll\; 
 tins of them which the Indians li.id left hangin:; on 
 the trees (o fre(h that they were drclled ai'.l i".;tii 
 by the boats crew. After a oiv. itfuioii held among 
 ilic ofliccrs, it was their coiiturren: opinion, that 
 it would be belt to leave tlie coall, and ;l ,nj out 
 to fea, and in confequence of thef' knti.-iuiit: they 
 I'aiUd cm the 13th of Augiift, 1 770, and got thiougli 
 one of the channels in the reef; h'ppy ta be once 
 more in an opin (ea, r.fter haviiip, bcui lurrounded by 
 dreadful (hoals ar 1 rocks fer near thr^c nuiiths. 
 Tl'.e^■ had now Aiiled above icoo miles, during all 
 which run they were obliged to keep loiindir;, with- 
 out the intermifTiop. of a fuigle minute j a circuni- 
 (lance which it is luppofed, never happened to any 
 (hip but the Fiideavour. 
 
 The iilands, from one of which the pa(ragc to the 
 open fca had been obfervid, were called the Jjiaru/s of 
 Dir/ftitn. Th;y abounil in turtleand otiicr fiih, and on 
 the beach were found bamboos, cocoa-nuts, pun.ice- 
 (tonc, and feeds of plants, which wrrc fuppo|i:d tj be 
 carried thither by tlie trade winds, as the plants them- 
 fclves do not grow in the country, H.-iving anchored 
 on the ij.th, they (leered a wcftcrly cour(eonthe fol- 
 lowing day, to get fight of the land, that a paflap^e 
 
 betwewi 
 
II 
 
 111 
 
 Hi! 
 
 
 K 
 
 7it 
 
 ri.vi.lcncc 
 fay: \Vi\- 
 
 llltlUlll. 
 
 H.n: 
 
 For!i.;.'. l.Ti' 
 Bj!-. Hc.d. 
 
 Cirt G,,;n- 
 Ttiiijilc Hay, 
 BirJ', in... 
 
 JH E V O Y A « E O K 
 
 
 yor!; Ii'.cs. 
 
 liciwcen ih.ii UnJ ami new Ciiiiiici, mi;, lit imt lu' 
 nMHii!, it thirc were any Inch ['.ilLim' i laily in ihi- 
 altcriKHiii lh(y liail light ul hiul, wlmh luil the up 
 l»ai Jiue i<r liilly illaiidi, Imt it W4s jiul^ol to be |>art 
 (It till' main ; aiul thry lau lutakcrs bi.iwii'ti the villel 
 an<l thi- land, in uliith then- wa» an i>|iL'nin^-,, to ^et 
 ileal III uhiih thiv let all tl« ii Uil>, and IIihmI in 
 tJK' imrthwaril till iniiliii^lil,«nil iliin went mi a fmiih- 
 ward tack I'or abi.jrtwu milis, vvhiii the bne/ciliul 
 away toa ili'a>l calm. W'lieii day light iitnii' on lluy 
 law a diiMdliil I'lirl hie.ik at a vail heii''ir, within a 
 mile el the lliip, luwardu uliith the ri'lliiij; waves 
 carried her with great rapidity. 'I'Iiim dillielled, the 
 bo.it« weie iVi't a-liead tu tin.-, .iiid the luad ol' ilu' 
 vcllel wai biiiiight abmil, but imt till llie w.is within 
 a hundred y.inls i<l th>- iiek, lutweui vviiieli and her 
 there .la^ luithing Mt but the ilLiIni, .iiul which had 
 rilin .mil broke to a w.inilcilul heii^ht on the ruck i — 
 but in the niniiKiit they e.\|H.cled iiiltant di ilriiiltimi, 
 3 bri'e/e, hardly difeernablf, aided the bnatl in grt- 
 tiii.» (he vellel in an ohlii)iie ilireclmn Irom the n'ek. 
 'J'hc liope^, hmvevir, atronhj by this |irovidcntial 
 circinnllanec, were dellroyeJ by a pcrteit lalm, whieh 
 fucccfdcd in a lew minutes ; yet the breeze mice mure 
 returned, before lliey had lu(( the little ground which 
 had been );ained. At this time a I'liLill opening was 
 fccn ill the net', and a young officer heinj; dnt to 
 rxamine ir, loiind that its bre.idlh ilid not much ex- 
 ceed the length ol the fliip, but that there was I'mootli 
 W.iter I'll liic otlur I'ule of the rocks. Animated 
 by til? hop- of prclerving life, they nn.v attempted 
 to pal's the openiiii; ; but this was iiiipidliblc ; lor it 
 havini; become hii^li water in the intemii, ilie tbb tide 
 ruOied tlirou^ili it with ama/.iiij; iinpetuofity, carryinn 
 the fliip about a qu.iiter ol u mile lioin the reel, and 
 (ht li-in re.irhcd Ihedirtancc of near two miles, by 
 tkr ni Ip ol the boats. When the ebb tide was (pent, 
 the ti.le of flood again drove the vellel very near the 
 rocks, lo that their prol'pect of deUruiJtion was le- 
 ii.'.ied, when they dil'covered another openinj;, and 
 :i li.''ht breeze fpringing up, they entered it, and were 
 driven tliinii^h it wilii a lapuliiy thit prevented th.' 
 (hip from (hiking againit eiihcr lide of the channel. 
 The fhip now came to an anelinr, and her crew were 
 trateful for having regained a Itation, which they had 
 been very l.itely mult anxiniij to (]uit. The name of 
 Piovi.l,-!tit ( 'haniii ' v,.\s given to the opening through 
 whieh the fliiph.id thusefapcd the molt inliuneiU dan- 
 gers. A liigli promontory on the main l.iiid in fight, 
 WIS denoiiiiiiated Caj'tlttyiimtd', and a bay i;:'ar it 
 fl'-\"i:rif') II..). This day the bo.its went out to lifh, 
 and nut with great fuccel's, particularly in c.itchiiig 
 cockles, fnineof wliich were of Inch an ania/.ing fize, 
 as u> r^ijuae the Hiength of two men to move them. 
 Mr. Banks likewil'e fucceeded in his learch for rare 
 fhc'ls, and different kinds of coral. 
 
 On the 8th, they dil'co, end fevcral fmall iflands, 
 '' whieh were cal'ed AVii'j'j Ijlu-i.li, and had n fight of 
 a lii;:h ]Hiint of land on the main, which was named 
 the li .'/ litail. On the iQth they difcmered levera 
 other ih-.all illands, the land of which u i- low, barren, 
 and faiidv. A point was feen, and called (^apt Gren- 
 r iu':, aiul a b;iy which took the name of 'fempk liny. 
 In the afternoon many other iflands were feen, which 
 were Jeiviniinatcd Bird Ijle^, from their being fre- 
 <]uenti.-d by numerals flocks of bjrds. On the 20th 
 m.my more fmall iflands were feen, on one of which 
 were .n fc.r trees, and fevcral Indian huts, fuppofcd to 
 h.ive b:^Cii crLiiled by the natives of t!ie main land, as 
 t 'inpurary habitations during! their vifit to tliele iflands. 
 On the 2il} thev failed thriui.;li a channel, in which 
 was a nuiiib.r of (boals ; and yavc the n.ime of I'ork 
 Ciife to a ]';jint of the main l.ind wTiieh forms t!ie fide 
 of the tii;innel. A lart-c bay is foimcd tn the fouth 
 of thj c. ).', which was called \ewiii/lk Ba\, and in 
 which .ri levrr.il little iflands; on the north fide of the 
 cape the land is rather mountainous, but the low 
 p.irts of file country abound with trees; the iflands 
 difcov.reJ in the morning of this dav, were rallnl 
 iork lilti. In th'; r.fternoun th;y anchored bcuveen 
 
 Iflind. 
 
 fomc ifliiids, and iblervid, tint tlii thiiir.el I'liW f"e. 
 gan logrow wider -, thiy pueeived Iwudillaiil point., 
 bi'lwcrn whieh no Lndmuld be feen, lu that the hi.ye 
 ol haviiijj at Uiiglh expluiid a pall'a^i iiuu the In.li m 
 .Sea, Ik'^iiii III annnate evei> buatl , hul, to Imiiii', lh« 
 matter to a lert.iiiily, (he capt.nii took j p.iiiv, .iiid 
 being accompaiiKd by Millm. Ai ! iiilcr ai.d tl.iiik<i 
 lluy landed on an illaiul, on wliuli thry had lUn a 
 nuinbir ot liidi.ins, liii if whom wue on a lull, one 
 of them i.irrying a bow and a bundle cf anowH, tha 
 rill armcil with l.iiuis; and round the iieckk ol two 
 III Ihiiii luiiii; llring', I I nuilhei of pi.il. I line ol 
 thele Indi.iii^ Hood on Ihoie, j, if to i ppole tin- l.ind« 
 iiig of the boat, but lluy rciirrd before ii ui. I :.\ ihc 
 be.ieh. I hei.ipi.iin and lii'. roiiipanv now alciiOi-d 
 a hill, fii)in whence they hid a view ol ne.ir loity 
 miles, in vJiith fp.ice th. .e was notliiiij; that threa- 
 tened to oppole their p.illat;e, loth.it the e. i t.iiiity of 
 a channel keliud toboalmolt indubitable. I'r'Vi. us 
 to tluir leaving the jllaiul, Cap'.am Cook '!i!,d. yeJ 
 the F.nglilh colours, ami look f If I'i n ol ..li ihc 
 ealbin coalt o| ilie countrv, li..m llie jiJi de.;. (>f 
 louth latitude, to the pulenti, ot, by th.; name ul. , 
 AVit iSj/,(/.i U iiUi, for his fovciern, tin Km,; ofCireat \y ' " 
 Britain; and three volleys of fmall .inns biinij fiieil, 
 and anfvvered by an ei|ual number from the Kiuk voiii, 
 the plai-c receiveil the name of PjljJ. n Iji, n.i. Tie I'lTi-Tion 
 nc.\t morning they <iA\w three naked v\oiii> n colb cling •''■""'• 
 Ihell-tilli on the beach ; ,ind weighing anchor, gave the 
 name of Cup* CjinnaU to the ex'ieme point ol the ^'1^ ^°'^''" 
 largert illand on the north-well fule of the p.ill.ii^ej "'" 
 fomc low iflands near the middle of the ehann. i i.- 
 ceiving the name ol //..//iVj ///. ; I'uon altir whiih Willu'i Ift. 
 the (hip came to an anchor, and the longboat was 
 lent out to liiund. 
 
 'Cowards eveiiiii;; they failed agiin, and the cap- 
 t.iin landed wiih \h. Hanks, oil a fmall iflaiid which 
 was fre(|uented by immenfe numbers of buds, the 
 majority of w liich belli;; boobies, the pl.iee reccive'J 
 the name of Uaihy Ijl.iwl. Thev w re now advanci'd „ , 
 to the northern extren;ity of New Holland, and had "" ' 
 the fatisfaclion of viewing the open lea to the uell- 
 waid. The north-eall cnlrancc ol tlu pallage is form- 
 ed by the main land of New Holl.iiul, and by a num- 
 ber of iflands which took the name of the Pr lint of 
 U'altii Ijkndi, and which Captain Cook im.igines ^''""j' ., 
 may reach to New Ciuiiiea ; thele iflands aboiiml with "•''""'•^"'' 
 trees and grafs,and were known to be inhabiteit, fiom 
 the fmoke that was feen alcending in many places. 
 
 Tothepaltajjethey had failed through, Captain Cook 
 gave the name of EnJtuvow SiiAJ'U. New South 
 \V'ales is a much larger countrv than any hitherto ^"1""" 
 known which is not deemed a coiiiineiit, being larger 
 tlian all Europe, which is proved by the Endeavour's 
 having coafted more than 2000 miles, even if her trail 
 were reduced to a tfrait line. Northward ol the lati- 
 tude of ;^3 degrees, ihe country is hilly, but not 
 mountainous; but to the foutliward of that lutitud:: 
 it is moftly low and even !;round. Tlu; hills in ge- 
 neral arc diverfitied by lawns, and woi^N, and many 
 of the valleys abound with herbage, though, on the 
 whole, it cannot be deemed a fertile country, 'lo 
 the northward the grals is not fo rich, nor the trees 
 lo high .IS in the loutlierii parts, and .'.liiioll eiciy 
 where, even the largelf trees grow at a ilitlance ol not 
 lefs than thirteen yards aluiuUr. In all thele places 
 where the land forms a bay, the flnic is cove.'ed with 
 iiKuv^roves, which grow ahoiu a mile in l.md, in a 
 Iwampy ground, which the fpriiu; tides alwavs over- 
 flow; in Tome parts then are bogi, covered w ith thick 
 grals, and there is plenty of under wood in the val- 
 leys; the foil in general feems unfit for cultivation, 
 though there are many fpois where the arts of tilLige 
 might be attended with fuecefs. 
 
 I'herc are feveral fait creeks running in many direc- 
 tions, through the country, where there arc alio brook* 
 of frcfli water, but there are no rivers of any coiilidcr- 
 ablc extent ; yet it lecincd to be well watered, aa the 
 time when the (hip was on the coall, was reckoned 
 the driell feafon of the year. The guin-trec which 
 
 yields 
 
III 
 
 lio 
 iwt 
 
 W-1 
 
 I >i 
 
 HlC 
 
 ihu 
 
 wi> 
 
 u( 
 
 lU- 
 ihc 
 l.d 
 ity 
 
 tj- 
 
 UH 
 
 llie 
 
 . <i 
 
 = ''' NV . So.:.1 
 
 icil, 
 nil, 
 I 
 
 ■ 'I'l-- 
 
 hij) \Vi\iwt m. 
 
 was 
 
 cip- 
 hicli 
 
 iiccJ n I . 
 > had 
 .ell- 
 )rni- 
 uni- 
 
 </ 
 
 
 intnil. 
 
 of 
 
 ■'"? \\ .ic< iCiwrj 
 
 ;tii 
 
 I uin 
 
 ok 
 
 mil 
 
 ito 
 
 »ri:ci 
 
 iu'< 
 
 ati- 
 
 II. It 
 
 tiiJu 
 
 ![;.■- 
 
 any 
 
 the 
 
 To 
 
 vc;y 
 not 
 
 )avc^ 
 v'.tli 
 111 a 
 i-r- 
 liick 
 ial- 
 ioll, 
 
 I.1"C 
 
 ivc- 
 
 ookli 
 
 idcr- 
 tlio 
 JiuJ 
 hicli 
 icUs 
 
 F.n.leiivrur 
 
 Scicn;lit^. 
 
 CAPTAIN COOK. 
 
 ♦ i»IJ» » r«rin llkr ll.c i!rjp;o()'« hliiuil. ||. xt arc ihrcr 
 kliiil* ol |>ilni iit'i'«, Iwu III Mliirh 4rr loiirnl uiily in 
 llitf MKitm'iii i|illri>:l. Niiit liiitu'what rcrcmblni^ 
 cherniils air piciiliirol h, one nl llulc, which w«k' 
 tiipii'iii'l III hr ratahir, yd I'liiii nl llii- h Jiiicn haying', 
 nutiv- Ircv with ihciii wm- ukiii tiry ill) Iwcml 
 U'Imiti >Ii iI wiiliiii * wiik, and it wa\ u<it uiih- 
 nut ililKkiiltv that tlic tlir ihir>l wa« iicovru J. I'lic 
 ll'coii'l I'.ii t i>l palm 1^ inii> h likr the \Vi It liuluii cah- 
 b*v'e-trw, whiih yii'lJ" a cabbage ni an a^Tcrablc 
 <alli', 'I'lir third lurt abouiidt in lliu lnuthtiii pan, 
 priKliicct 3 Imall cabbage ol' a very ajjr^vablr Hamur, 
 ami b<"ii< nuriy lUiK, winch ruriiilh Innd lor hii^i. 
 rhrrc iH likcwill- a tiie on which (;riiwi a purple au- 
 pli- that tiUn like a lUmolccn, a» wr have bclorenb- 
 lerveJ. Ilelidcn tlirle their in » )i)Vlin', piiKhulii)', 
 H^n, but not (i| llir tiiicK lurl, aiul they haw aimihrr 
 wliu h braii a l'<irt <>l pliiiiib that \* Hat iin the lidcs 
 like a chcefc. A plain wan loiiiid Iuk-, thr leaves ol 
 which were likr thole i>l the bulrufh \ it ) irlJt a briuhl 
 vrltuvv reliii, that relembUi p,unibiiU|^e, but dock nut 
 itaiii — il hail a very a^jreeablo linell. 
 
 I'lieru are two loitn of yami, the one round ami co- 
 vered with flriiij>y libics, and ilic othrr iiilhipelikc 
 a rail I (h ; both ol which arc o| a plral'ant tallc. A 
 t'riiit III' \ dllag;rerablc flavour was loiiiiJ, in llupe 
 rcl'emblin,^ a pine-apple \ nnd aiiutber that was 
 niui.h like a cherry, but had a lol't kernel, 'i'hc 
 coiiiiiry piriduccs puillainiiMd Wild partly. 
 
 The Knjjiifti law here bclulci theiHail already men- 
 li'ined one that wa« railed a ciuall, the lully <it' this 
 animal was cjiiite wliitr, it* back was biown with 
 wiiite I'puts ) and it was like a pole-cat. Vail numbers 
 of bciutilul pi;;eons wc c obferved lure, and the I'ea- 
 ni-.Mi Ihot many of them. f'licrc are alio caj;lcs, 
 hawks, cranes, hrroni, buDards, crows, parrots, 
 pairoiiuet?, cockatoos, and liime other birds of line 
 |i|uninf^ci brlid'": qii lils aii>l duvcs, 
 
 Ihirc are but lew inl'eds in this country, ami the 
 ants an.l nuil'i|uilo< aic the chief ainon^ them. I'hert 
 are tour kinds of the former which del'riv'c particular 
 liotiue. Tlio tiill of theCc air entirely green, and 
 live on trees, where they build their nelli in a very 
 curious m.iniier, bending down the leaves, and glu- 
 ing them t",;ethir with an animal juice, luppofed to 
 proceed fuim their own bodies. While Icveral ol 
 thefe animals were bufied in this employ, ihoulands 
 were joined to keep the leaf in its proper fituation, 
 ■svhich, when they were difturbcd in their work. Hew 
 back with a force that anyone would have imagined 
 to lie fupcrior to their united firength : at the fame 
 time they avenged themfelves by fevercly Hinging their 
 diitiirbers. The Cecond fiK-ciis of ants here are black, 
 and live in tbe infidc of the brandicj, alter they 
 have worked out the pith. The tliird fort Imlged 
 tlienil'elves ill the root of a plant that twines imiiul 
 the trunks of other trees. This they made hollow, 
 nnd cut into a Rrcat number of pad'ajics that ran acrofs 
 each other, yet there was no appear aiicc of the plants 
 having been injured. They were not above half the 
 fi/.c of the red ants of this country. As to the fourth 
 fur, tliey were like the Ealt-Indian white ants, and 
 h.ul one I'ort of nells as big as a lialf-peck loaf which 
 hiin:; from the boii\;hs of trees, and were compofed of 
 ftvr.d minute parts of vegetables, which appeared to 
 be lliii'- 'ogcthcr by the glutinous juice befoie-men- 
 tionet 'I'hcrc was a comnuiiiicaiion between the 
 cells, iid there wrre paflages to other ncfls upon the 
 iame tree, tliey had alfo a hollow covered pailiize to 
 another neft on tin- ground, at the root of a different 
 tree. The height of the ground nefts was found to 
 he about fix fiM, and the breadth nearly the fame : and 
 the outfulc was plaiftcred with clay almod two inches 
 thick. Tliel'e had a fubterrnneous paflage ler.ding to 
 the roots of the trees near which they were cor '\rui5ted, 
 from whence thele creatures afcended the aunk ami 
 branch's by covered ways, calculated for the purpofe. 
 It was conclmlid that the ants relortcd to thcfe 
 proun: -ncfts during the wet fcafon, as they were water 
 pmo . 
 
 Vol. I. N' 19. 
 
 Variety of fifh is fuppli'it by ihelijt in ihifuparf*, 
 among wliii li are mull<'ts, mylilh jii>1 crabs, Upon 
 ihi Ihoal, ale I. mud ilie r"i k, pcail, and oilur oylKrs, 
 as Well as the moU d^liiate ",te ii tin lie, bi lidi s iholc 
 eiii.inioii, eockli s wllleli li.'Vi been aliiady Miinlloncd. 
 Allyatum aie loiind in the iivern airl lilt creek-.. 
 I Ik luinitry dues not appear to be Inli ibit 1! by nuiii- 
 beis any Way propcrliomd to ill great c\uiili iiit 
 above tiiiity biiiig rvcr (cell logetlurbut oiiir, wliieli 
 was wK'ii thole ol both I'exes and all a^cs i{iii tn^vtlier 
 on a K'ck oir tiouny Day, lo view the Ihip. None 
 <<l thin vill i^es coiil'il(-tl of more liuts than wmil'l 
 allor,! (lulter lor foiirlrcii or lilteen nun, an I tlielti 
 were the lirj;cll iiiiniluis that wue allenibled \. illl .1 
 a viiw to attaik the I'lr^lilh. No pait of the loun- 
 trv apiHMreil to be lulliv.ited, whclue tlieieimill m- 
 celUriiy be lewei inhabitants i^n ihe inland parts iliaii 
 on the I'ea-coall. The men are well ni,ide, ol llio 
 middle (ize, and aolive, in a liij;li dei-ree i but tluir 
 voices are liilt, even to eHeiniii,icv. I'luir colour i» 
 chuiolate \ but tliey were l<i cuveied wiih dnt, as \^ 
 look almolt as black as ni^ros. their Inii l< iialu* 
 rally long and blaik, but they commonly crippid it 
 fliuit ; III loine lew iiillanccs it Is lliglitly cuilid, but 
 in eonimon i|uite llrait ) It is always maitid with 
 dirt, yet wholly tree from lice i their beards aic 
 thick and bufliy, but kept fliort by fingiiij;;. Tho 
 women wcie uvii only at a diltance, as the nun 
 conltanlly left them behind whin tluy crolled tin; 
 river. riir chief ornament of thele people is the b'.iie 
 that is thrufl lhroii'',h the nole, which the lailor* 
 wbimfically culled their fpiit-lail yard \ but liefuieii 
 this they wore necklaces formed of lliells, a finall eoid 
 tied twice or thrice round the arm lietween tlie elbotv 
 and (liouliler, and a Itring of plaited human h.iir 
 round the wai|{. Some few of them had an uiiiameiit 
 ol ihrlls hanging acrol's the bread. Uelidcj thele or- 
 nammts they painted their bodies uiul limbs whita 
 and red, in liripes of ditl'erent dimcnfions , and the/ 
 had a circle of white round each eye, and Ipots of It 
 on the face, 'I'heir cars were bored, but they did not 
 wear ear-rings. 
 
 Thele people accepted whatever was given them, 
 but feemed to have no idea of making an udei|uate re- 
 turn \ and they would not part with their urnaments 
 lor any thing that was ortered in exchange. Their 
 bodies were marked with fears, which thc'v fignified 
 were in rcntrmbrancc of the deceafcd. I'heir huts 
 were built with finall roils, the two ends of which were 
 fixed into the ground, fo as lo form the figure of an 
 oven i tlicy are covered with pieces of baik and palm- 
 leaves. I'he door of this building, which is only 
 high enough to fit upright in, is oppofitc to the fire- 
 places. They fleep with their heels turned up towards 
 their heads j and even in this polluie the I'.it will not 
 hold more than lour people. In the northern parts, 
 where the weather was warmer, one fide of the houfe«. 
 was left open, and the other oppolcd to whatever wiiul 
 might blow at the time there ; huts were only built lot 
 temporary ufe, and left behind when th'.'V removed to 
 other parts of the country \ but if their Aay was only 
 for a night or two, they had no other proteiilion from 
 the weather than what the grafs and biiihcs .itibrdcd. 
 While the huts on the main land were turned from the 
 wind, thole on the illands were towards it : a kind of 
 proof that they vifit the idands in fine weather, and 
 enjoy the lel'refhing breeze while they flept. 'I'hcfe 
 huts are furnilhed with a kind of bucket lor fetching 
 water, made of an oblong piece of bark tied up at 
 each end with the twig of a tree ; and this is rlic only 
 lurnitureof the houfe. On their backs they have » 
 kind of bag, of the fi/.e and form of acabba^c-nct, in 
 which they carry their fiih-hooks and lines, of the 
 (hells of which they make thcfe hooks ; the ornaments 
 which they wear confift of fome points of darts, and 
 two or three bits of paint ; and in this narrow com- 
 pafs lie all their riches. 
 
 Theyfe"cd on the kann:iroo, and feveral kinds of birds 
 
 when they can catch them j they likewife cat yams, 
 
 and various kinds of frait; but the principal ..rticlc 
 
 L I 1 of 
 
 117 
 
 17-1 
 
2(8 
 
 tllE VOYACJt: a F 
 
 1770 of their rxifti'ncc is fifli. They were frequently nh- 
 
 ^.-V^ f.Tvcd with the Itiivcs nf a titc in thrir mouths, Init 
 
 wh'"tncr it had the qii.ilitics of tither toh.icfo or btctlc 
 
 could not be known ; bu* it was cblervid not to dif- 
 
 colour the teeth or lips. 
 
 Krom thenotelics that Were fccn in :i great number 
 of trees, for the purpofe of ilinibiii;; iheni, it vvari 
 imagined that their nielhod of taking the kanguroo, 
 Vas by Itrikinj it with their lances as it paflld under 
 the tree. In thefe likewife, it is prob.iblf, that they 
 took birds, while thcv were rooftinir, as they ftemed 
 too (hy to be othcrwife catched. Their method of 
 prudueing tire, and extending the flames of it is very 
 lingular : having wrought one end of a ilick into an 
 cibtufe point, they place this point upon a piece of 
 i!iy wood, and tiirnini.; the upright nick veo' faft 
 backward and forward between their hands, fire is 
 foon produced, nor is it cncrealed with lefs celerity. 
 One of the natives was frequently obferved to lun 
 aliinj the fea coaft, leaving fire in various places. 
 The method taken to do this was as follows : before 
 he fet ofF, he wrapped up a little fpark of fire in dry 
 grafs, and the quickncfs of his motion foon fanning 
 it into a flame, he then placed it on the ground, .-.nd 
 putting a fpark of it in another bit of ,^rafs ran on 
 again, ami encreattd the number of his iires at plea- 
 fure. Thefc tires were fuppofed to be intended for the 
 takini; of the kanguroo, as that animal was fo very 
 /hy of fire, that when purfued by the dogs, it would 
 tiot crofs places which had been newly burnt, even 
 when the fire was ertinguiflicd. 
 
 The natives of New South Wales make ufc of 
 fpcars or lances, but thefc arc very difterently con- 
 Itructcd : thofe that were feen in the fouthern parts 
 of the country had four prongs, pointed with bone, 
 and barbed, and the points were rubbed with a kind 
 of wax, the fmoothnel's of which madeaneafier paf- 
 fage into what was ftruck by them. On thecontrary, 
 the lances in the northern parts have only one point ; 
 the Ihafts of them arc of different lengths, from eight 
 to fourteen feeti arc made of the italk of a plant not 
 unlike a bulrufh, and confilh of fevcral joints let into 
 each other, and tied together. The points of thefc 
 lances are fomeliincs made of fifli-bone, and fome- 
 times of a hard heavy wood ; they are barbed with 
 ftthcr pieces of wood or (lone, fo that when thcv have 
 entered any depth in the body, they cannot bo drawn 
 out without tearing the flcfti in a (liocking manner, or 
 leaving fplinters behind tlicm. When the natives 
 intend to wound at a coniiderahlc diftance, they dif- 
 charire this inltiument with a throwing ftick, but if 
 the object be near them, it is thrown from, the hand 
 onlv. The throwing-ftick is a piece of fmooth, hard, 
 red wood, half an inch thick, two inches broad, and 
 
 * The following may 
 
 fcrvf as a fpcciraen of their language 
 
 A CO, 
 
 I'kf arms. 
 
 Ail'Uitjc, 
 
 To yaivn* 
 
 Bainira, 
 
 A man. 
 
 Bd.nioOj 
 
 The il!/>. 
 
 liooia, 
 
 7o .-.if. 
 
 ChucuJM, 
 
 To drink. 
 
 Cotta, 
 
 A Jo p. 
 
 Coyor, 
 
 Doonilioo, 
 
 7hr nr, k. 
 
 Dunji, 
 
 A fatllrr. 
 
 Elio»rl>algj, 
 
 The tfiunif'S, 
 
 Ivlamal, 
 
 Ihf fffi. 
 
 Knamoae, 
 
 The crown of ihe ItfAd, 
 
 Eva it ba, 
 
 T*,i/ or Ihii. 
 
 Galan, 
 
 The fun. 
 
 Garbar, 
 
 The Kye-broWi. 
 
 Gippa, 
 
 The helly. 
 
 KlTC, J 
 
 Thejh. 
 
 K.ilkc, 
 
 The naiU, 
 
 Ma.ltlc!, 
 
 To I'wim. 
 
 Ma.. rang, 
 
 lire. 
 
 Marra, 
 
 7i^». 
 
 Manual, 
 
 The hands , 
 
 Mcul, 
 
 The tyes. 
 
 Milca, 
 
 The cats. 
 
 Mitigfiurc, 
 
 7c dance. 
 
 Mocoo, 
 
 The hack. 
 
 Morcol, 
 
 The Ihroal, 
 
 about three feet in length, Iiaiiii: a crofs piece near 
 lour inches long at one ciul, mv.\ a fiiiall knob at 
 the other. A linall hi>llow is niaJe in the Ihafc 
 of the lance, ne.ir tlie point, and in this hullovv 
 the knob is rtceivti!, but, on being forced forward, 
 it will eafily flip from it. The lance bting placed 
 on this throwing Itick, the liuliaii holds it over his 
 ihoulder, (hakes it, and then throws both lance and 
 Hick with his utmoil pov^'i 7 ; hut as the crofs-piecc 
 Itrikes the flioulder, the fiuMtn jerk if ops the (tick, 
 while the lance is driven forward with amazing ra- 
 pidity, and IS gener.illy U\ \v\ll aimed, that a mark 
 at the dillanre of fifty yards is more certainly (tiuck 
 with it than by a bullet from a jun. I'hefc people 
 make ufc of (hields made of the bark of trees, of 
 about eighteen inches broad« and three feet long. 
 Many trees were iixn from VN hence the bark had been 
 taken, and others on which the Ihields were cut out 
 but not taken away. In the northern parts of this 
 country, the canexs are formed by hollowing the trunk 
 of a tree, and it was conjectured, that this operation 
 muft have been performeel by fire, as the natives did not 
 appear to have any in(fruments proper for the purpofe. '■ 
 The canoes arc in length about fourteen feet, and (b 
 narrow, that they would be frequently overfet, but 
 that they arc provided with an out-rigger. 'I'he n\- 
 tivcs row them with paddles, ufing both hands in tliat 
 employment. The canoes in the fouthern parts ars 
 formed only of a piece of bark four yards lon[', faft- 
 encd together at each end, and the middle kept open 
 by pieces of wood, palTing from fide to fide. In ileep 
 water thefc are rowed by paddles, of about a fe>ot anel 
 an half in length, the rower having one in carh hand, 
 but in (hallow water they are puflitd forward by 
 means of a long ftick. As thefc vellcls are extremely 
 light, and draw very little water, the Indians run 
 them on the mud banks in fearch of (he!l-fi(h, fome 
 of which, it is probable, they broil and cat as foon 
 as they are taken, as it was remarked that in the 
 centre of thefc vefl'els there w.as ufually a fire burning 
 on a quantity of fea- weed. The natives have no texils 
 but a wooden mallet, a kind of wedge, and an adze, 
 made of (tone, with fome pieces of coral and (hells, 
 which may pollibly be applied to the purpofes of cut- 
 ting. They poliih the points of their lances, anil 
 their throwing-fticks, with the leaves of a tree that 
 appears to be the wilel fig, which bites with a (harp- 
 nefs, almolt equal to that of a rafp. Four |ieople 
 are the greateit number that a canoe will contain : 
 and when more than this number were to | afs a river, ' 
 three were landed out of the firft freight, and one 
 man went back for the re(f. Though it appeared 
 evident that the natives of thefc iflands waged war 
 with each other by the weapons they po(rcfled, yet not 
 
 a wound 
 
 Moiee, 
 
 The hair of the htt9^ 
 
 Mootjel, 
 
 Awcman. 
 
 Mulerc, 
 
 The lecih. 
 
 Nakil, 
 
 T'/ic lillle finger. 
 
 I'ecgoorga, 
 
 The legs. 
 
 Peefc, 
 
 The forehead. 
 
 I'oapoa, 
 
 Earth. 
 
 Pongo, 
 
 The knees. 
 
 I'oona, 
 
 Tij.Wf. 
 
 Pp(»rai, 
 
 n'alcr. 
 
 Pc'icea, 
 
 t'l/h. 
 
 Put*i, 
 
 A ii.rile. 
 
 Tabugga, 
 
 Aliy. 
 
 Tac.1, 
 
 The chin. 
 
 Te, 
 
 -^ or the. 
 
 The hole made in the lieflrSt for tf'f 
 
 Tennapuke, 
 
 
 tone ornament. 
 
 Tocaya 
 
 iit down. 
 
 Tuniurrce. 
 
 Afon, , ..;, 
 
 Urijar, 
 
 The tongue. -- • 
 
 Waeccgec, 
 Wafloo, 
 
 The head. 
 
 Theitmples.. 
 
 Waller, 
 
 TheSeard. 
 
 VVallKwIbool, 
 
 A hutterjiy. . 
 
 VVonananio, 
 
 AJleef. 
 
 Wulgar, 
 VemBe, 
 
 The ckudi. 
 
 The lit,. 
 
 Zo(«oo, 
 
 «'«(*. 
 
CAPTAIN COOKi 
 
 fsr t}:l 
 
 a wound receive J from their enemies appeared on any 
 ol' their bodies. 
 
 In attcniptiji;; to \\'cv^\ anehor in the morning o( 
 the 24th o( A ui; lift, 1770, the cable brcke nc;'.r the 
 ring, on wliieli ani.thiM' author was dro|)|'Lj in oidi-r 
 to prevent the velli.! tVom driving. In the afternoon 
 tlie hiftanchorwas found, and tlielhipbrmi;;htiip toit; 
 juft as they Here going to ihip it, \\\z hawl'er llippe.l, 
 and thus their hibour was tur that time vendend ule- 
 lefs. However their attempt being venev.'id the ne.\t 
 niorning, fuccctdcd to their wifli, and loon alter the 
 anehor was weighed, thefliipgot under fail fuering 
 iiurth-weft. 
 
 A few hours afterwards, one of the boats n-licad 
 m.ideihe fignai for (hallow water. On this ilie vii- 
 fel brought too immediatelv, with all her laiU ll.iiul- 
 ing, when on furveying the lea around her, it .ip- 
 pe.ir.'d that Ihehudhad a moft forturKite efeape, btinL; 
 ;;lnioll incompalTed with (hoals, bct.sccn which flu- 
 was lo lituatc, that had (he been half a cable's leigth 
 on cither fide the track which they h.ul followed, thev 
 would moll certainly have Hruclc before the lignal was 
 made which was to warn them of their ilaniier. 
 
 Captain Cook now dei.v-riniiied to alter his couife, 
 and failing again the next morning, he foon got into 
 decpuater. After this he fleered welfcriy, and no 
 land being within fight, held on till the dulk of the 
 evening, when thev fliortencd fail, niakins; oppolite 
 tacks during the nij-ht. They piirfued their voyage 
 the next morning, ihortening fail at night as belore, 
 and tacking till tlie 28th at day-break, when they 
 fleered due north, in purfuancc of their former 
 plan. 
 
 As they proceeded, the fea wasobferved in many 
 parts, covered like a fcum, which t!ie I'ailors called 
 Spawn. On examination, this was found to con- 
 fill of a vail number of minute particles, each of 
 which being obferved through a microfcop , was found 
 to conlill of a conliderable nur.-l , r .if tiibc«, which 
 were liibdivided into little cells. \Jn burning this 
 fcum, It did not yield liie liiicll of an animiil luhllancc, 
 but was concluded to be of the vriietable kind, and it 
 was afterwards called Sea Saw-dull, inftead of Spawn 
 by the Tailors. 
 
 in tiie evening a bird called the Noddy, was found 
 among the riiiginfT, As land was feen from the maft- 
 hei.d, they llood on and oft' all night, and at day- 
 liroak they I'aileJ towards it with a brifl; g.de of wind. 
 ];et\vc,n.''tx and feven o'clock they faw a fmall illand 
 at lb' .a three mile, .iillanee from the main lartd, dif- 
 St. Barii'.olo- tin^uiihed by tin nanus of K^hcrni'Af.n and St. Hnr- 
 ™=w. iImI::ca'. 1 his illand is very flat, and it is cloathcd 
 
 wiih ticc<, and among them is that wiiich bears the 
 rotua. By the fnioke feen on various parts of it, it 
 W.IS judged to be inhabited. As the water was 
 fliallow, boats had been lent out to found j but li^nals 
 were m .fc for them to return, as no increafe was lound 
 in th' ilepth al'ier failing two leagues. 'I'he capt.iin 
 then llood out to fea till niidniglit, after whieh he 
 l:'.cieed and flood in for land till the morning. They 
 f.iw IjikI fi()in the deck about the diftance of four 
 league.-, and obferved its appearance to be dill flatane 
 woody. A great quantity of the fcum already men- 
 tioned was now again feen upon the furface of the 
 fea. 
 
 They proceeded on a northward courfe jufl in fight 
 of land, till the 3d of September, but the water be- 
 ing barely deep enough to navigate the vcd'el, it proved 
 impoHihlc to bring her near enough to gain the flioiv, 
 for whirh rtafon it was determined to land in one of 
 the boats. 
 . , _ Accordingly the captain, with Mr. Banks and Dr. 
 
 •• liol.inder, the boat's crew, and Mr. Banks's fcrvants, 
 
 fet out ill the pinnace, but, on account of the (hallow 
 vvater, were obliged to w ade on (hore, when they 
 r irne w ithin about two hundred yards of the land. 
 Fiom the prints w hicli they had feen of human feet 
 on the land, between high- water mark, they con- 
 cluded that lome of the natives had been there very 
 lately. They faw a thick wood about a hundred v.ud's 
 
 from the beach, and walked r,n tl-.ehordtrs of it til! 1770 
 
 they arrived on the banks of a brook, which was (haded ' , — ' 
 
 with cocoa-nut trees j at a little dili.ince from which 
 flood an Indian hut, tliaiched wllli leaves ; and many 
 cocoa nut-(hell> were fcattered round it, the fiuit of 
 whieh appeareil to have been lately g.ithered. Here 
 were alio found plantains, and the bread fruit- 
 tree. 
 
 I'he gentlemen Were at the diflance of about a 
 (piaiter of 4 mile from the pinnace, when three of the 
 Indians ran out of the uoods, about an bundled 
 yards behind them, (houting loudly. Thefe people ran 
 towards the Knglilh, and tin- full of the hree threw 
 fomeihing which flew on one fide of him, and burned 
 like gun-po«der, though it made no noife : at the 
 lame time the others call ihelr lances. The Englifli 
 liriiig they (lopped, and tiirew ancthcr lance ; but the 
 miifi|ueis being lo.ided wil'i ball and lircd at them, the 
 [ndi.ins retired with precipitation. The captain not 
 willing to prolong this contell, returned with his 
 people towards the boat, wliofe crew made fignals 
 that more of t!i: natives were con. ing doun : leveral 
 of them wci;? prefently ilifeovered, wb<j dojiped, feem- 
 iiig to wait for their main bedy, while the gentlemen 
 having reached their boat, rowed .vbrcafl of them. 
 It wasobfer\ed that their ftature wns nearly the fame 
 villi that of the people of South-W.dcs i but their 
 colour was not tjuite fo dark. Like them, liowevc, 
 tlieie wore their hair (hort. While thev were thus 
 taking; a furvey of the natives, the l.itter'l t off their 
 riles in a regular manner a few at a time; They 
 feemed to bedifcharged by means of a piece of flick, 
 almoft like a hollow cane, which bcin ..vnnj fu'e- 
 v\ays, produced fire and fmoke i xaclly like tiiat oc- 
 cafioncd by the tiring of linall arms. The crew on 
 board the (hip faw this ftrange phu.-iKin( 1.011, and 
 thought the natives had fire-arms. The -( ml, men ' 
 having fatisficd their curiofity by atlcntivefy looking 
 at thefe people fired fomc mufqiiets above their heads, 
 the balls from which being luaid to rattle amoii" the 
 trees, the natives deliberately reined. The lances 
 which had been thrown foon after the gemkniea 
 landed, were made of a reed or bamboo cane, and 
 the points were of hard wood, baibed in feveral 
 places. — It w.is imagined thi fe lances wcredifehargcd 
 by means of a throwing-ilick, as tlicy flew with great 
 fwiftnefs above fixty yards. When this party re- 
 turned to the (hip, fomc if the officers entreated the 
 captain to fend men on (hoie to cut down the cocna- 
 nui trees, in order to procure the nuts ; but this, 
 with equal wifdom and humanity he refuled ; fenfible 
 that the poor Indians, who would ill brook even the 
 landingof a fmall party on their co.t(l-, would rifquc 
 ihcir lives, and of courfe facrifice them, in di fence of 
 their property. 'I'he whole coaft of this country is 
 low land, but cloathed with a richnefs of trees and 
 herbage, which is beyond defcription beautiful. 
 
 On Alonday, the jd of September, the (hip j^ot 
 under fail, and early in the morning of the Sih palled 
 two fmall iflands, on the latter of which Captain 
 Cook would have landed, but as ihey hail then only 
 ten fiithom water, and as the ground w.as rocky, and 
 the wind blew fre(h, he might have endangered the 
 fafcty of the (hip. They now failed at a moderate 
 rate, with various loundings, till three o'clock the next 
 morning; after which they had no ground with 120 
 fathom. Before noon, they had figh't of land, which 
 was conjciSlured to be either the Arrou Iflands, or Ti- 
 mor Laoet ; but lliey arc not accurately laid down in 
 any of the charts hitherto publidicd. 
 
 On the evening of the gih they faw what had the 
 appearance of land, and the next morning were con- 
 vinced that thcfirft land they had feen was Timor, 
 and the laft Timor Laoet. The (hip flood off and on 
 during the night, when a number of fires were feen 
 on this ifland, and the ncx; morning fmoke was feen 
 in feveral places, from whence it wasconjc<aured that 
 the place was well peopled. -.The land near the (hoic 
 was covered with high trees, not unlike pines; farther 
 back were tocoa-trces and mangroves j there were 
 
 many 
 
 
 ■■■M 
 
iia 
 
 THE VOYAGt OP 
 
 1769 
 
 n,. 
 
 Hh: 
 
 nuny falt-water creeks, ami fcveral fpots of* ground 
 whitli apiwaicd to have been cleared by art ; and the 
 whole tountry rofc, by gradual {lopes, into hills of 
 a very cuiifiderablc height. I'hc land and Tea breezes 
 Jitln;; now very (light, they continued in fight of 
 the ifland for two days, when it wasobfcrved that the 
 hills reached in many places quito to the fea-coaft, 
 and where that was not the cafe, there were large and 
 noble groves of the cocoa-nut tree, which ran about 
 .1 mile up the country, at which diflancc great num- 
 tcrs of houfts and plantations were feen ; the plan- 
 I, t inns were furroundcd with fences, and extended 
 marly to flic luinmits of the moft lofty hills, yet 
 ni'ithcr the natives nor cattle were feen on any of 
 Uicm, which was thought a very extraordinary cir- 
 cumtiance. Kinc groves of the fan-palm (haded the 
 houfes from the rays of the fun. On the x6th they 
 had light of the little ifland called Rotte ; and the fame 
 ■ day faw the IjJand Stmait, at a uiftancc to the fouth- 
 ward of Timor. The Ifland of Rotte is chiefly co- 
 vtrcd with bufhy wood without leaves ; but there are 
 a number of fan-palm trees on it, growing near the 
 fjndy beaches ; and the whole conllfts of alternate 
 hills and valleys. The ifland of Semau is not fo 
 hilly as Timor,' but rcfcmbles it greatly in other re- 
 fpcits. 
 
 At ten o'clock this night a dull rcddifli light was 
 feen in the air, many parts of which emitted rays of 
 a brighter colour, which foon vanifticd and were fuc- 
 ceeded by others of the fame kind. This phocnomenon, 
 which reached about ten degrees above the horizon, 
 bore a confiderable refemblancc totheAurora Uorealis 
 only that the rays of light which it emitted had no 
 tremulous motion : it was furveyed for two hours, 
 during; which time its brightncfs continued undi- 
 niiniliicd. As the fllip was now clear of all the if- 
 lands which had been laid down in fuch maps as were 
 on board, they made fail during the night, and were 
 furprifcd the next morning at the fight of an ifland to 
 the weft-fouth-wcft, which they flattered themfclves 
 was a new difcovery. Before noon they had fight of 
 houfes, groves of cocoa-nut trees, and large flocks of 
 flieep. This was a welcome fight to people whofc 
 health was declining for want of refrefhment, and 
 it.was inftantly refolved to attempt the purchafe of 
 what they flood fo much in .leed of. The fecond 
 lieutenant was immediately difpatched in the pinnace, 
 in fearch of a landing place ; and he took with him 
 fuch things as it was thought might be acceptable to 
 the natives. — During Mr. Gore's abfcnce, the people 
 on board faw two men on horfeback upon the hills, 
 who frequently flopped to take a view of the vefTel. 
 The lieutenant foon returned with an account that he 
 had entered a little cove, near which flood a few 
 houfes ; that fevcral men advanced and invited him to 
 land ; and that they coaverfed together fo well as they 
 could hy figns. He reported that thefc people were 
 very like the Malays, both in perfon and drcfs j and 
 fai(l they had no other rrms but a knife \^hich each of 
 them wore in his girdle. 
 
 The lieutenant not being able to find any place in 
 which the (hip might come to anchor, he was difpatch- 
 ed again with money and goods to buy fuch neccfla- 
 ries as were immediately wanted for the fick. Dr. 
 Solander attended the lieutanant, and during their 
 abfence, the (hip ftood on and off the (hore. Soon 
 after the boat had put off, two other horfcmen were 
 feen from the (hip, one of whom had a laced hat on, 
 and was drcded in a coat and waiflcoat, of the fafliion 
 of Europe. Thefc men rode about on (liorc taking 
 little notice of the boat, but regarding the (liip with 
 the utmoft attention. As foon as the boat reached the 
 (hore. Tome other perfons on horfeback, and m.iny 
 on foot hadened to the fpot, and it was obfervcd that 
 iomc cocoa-nuts were put into the boat, from whence 
 it was concluded, that a traflick had commenced with 
 the natives. A fignal being made from the boat that 
 the (hip might anchor in a bay at fome diftance, (he 
 immctliattly bore away for it. When the lieute- 
 nant came on board, he reported, that he could not 
 
 purchafe any cocoa- nun, a< theo^ncr of tliein wn« 
 abfcnt, and that what he had brought wtie^^ivcM him, 
 in return for which he had prefHd the naivcs with 
 Ibme linen. The method by which be Karued th.tt 
 there was a harbour in the neighbourhood, was by the 
 natives drawing a kind of rude map on the fand, in 
 which the harbour, and a town near it, was repre- 
 fentcdi itwaslikewili: hinted to him, that fruit, fowls, 
 hogs, and (hccp might be there obtained in great 
 abundance. He faw fcveral of the principal inhabi- 
 tants of the ifland, who had chains of goM about 
 their necks, and wore fine linen. The word Potii- 
 guefe being frequently repeated by the Indians, it was 
 conjcclured that (bmc natives of Portugal were in the 
 ifland, and one of the boat's crew being of that king- 
 dom, he fpokc to the iflanders in his own language, 
 but foonfound that they h.^donly learned a few words, 
 of which they did not know the meaning. While 
 the natives were endeavouring; to rcprcfent the fituatioii 
 of the town near the harbour, one of them, in order 
 to be more particular in directions, informed the Eng- 
 lifh that they would fee fomething which he endea- 
 voured to dcfrribe by placing his lingers acrcfs each 
 other i and the Portugucfe failor took it for granted, 
 that he could mean nothing but a crofs. When the 
 boat's crew were on the pomt of returning to the (hip, 
 the gentleman who had been feen on horfeback in the 
 drefs of Europe, came down to the beach ; but the 
 lieutcnnnt did not think it proper to hold a conference 
 with him, becaufc he iiad left his conmiiflion on board 
 the (hip. 
 
 Whi-n the (hip had entered the bay, in the even- 
 ing, according to the dircitions received, an Indian 
 town was feen at a diftance ; upon which a jack was 
 hoifted on the fore-top-maft head, prcfcntly after- 
 wards three guns were fired, and Dutch colours were 
 hoilfed in the town ; the (hip, however, held on her 
 way, and came to an anchor at fcvcn in the evening. 
 The colours being feen hoiftetl on the beach the nc.it 
 morning, the captain concluded, that the Dutch had 
 a fettlement on the ifland, he therefore difpatched the 
 fecond lieutenant to acquaint the governor, or other 
 principal refident, who they were, and th.it the (hip 
 had put in for nccelTary refrefhments. The lieute- 
 nant having landed, he was received by a kind of guard 
 of fomething more than twenty Indi.tns, armed with 
 mufquets, who after they had taken down the colours 
 from the beach, proceeded without the lead military 
 order ; and thus cfcorted him to the town, where the 
 colours had been hoifted the preceding evening. 
 The lieutenant was now conducted to tlie Raja, or 
 king of the ifland, to whom, by means of a Hortq- 
 gucfe interpreter, he made known his bufincfs. The 
 Raja faid, he was ready to fupply the (hip with the 
 necelTary refrefhments, but that he could not trade 
 with any other people than the Dutch, with whom 
 he was in alliance, without having firft obtained their 
 confent ; he added, however, that he would make ap- 
 plication to the Dutch agent, who was the only w hitc 
 man among them. To thjs agent, whofe name was 
 Lange, and who proved to be the perfon that was lecii 
 from the (hip in the European drefs, a letter was dif- 
 patched, and in a few hours he came to the town, 
 behaved politely to the lieutenant, and told him, he 
 might buy what he thought proper of the inhabitants 
 of tlie ifland. This otter being freely made, and 
 readily accepted, the Raja and Mr. Lange intimated 
 their wifhes to go on board the (hip, and that two 
 of the boat's crew might be left as hoflages for their 
 fafe rcturu. The lieutenant gratified tlicm in both 
 thefe requefts, and took them on board juft before 
 dinner was ferved. It was thought that they wouU 
 have f.it down without ceremony ; but now the R.ija 
 intimated his doubts, whether, being a black, they 
 would permit him to fit down with th;m. The 
 polittncfs of the officers foon removed his fcniples, 
 and the greateft good humour and fcftivity prevailed 
 among thsm. As Dr. Solander and another gentle- 
 man on board, were tolerable proficients in Dutch, 
 they afted as interpreters between Mr. L iii^e and the 
 6 officers. 
 
CAPTAIN c o o r:. 
 
 .', .'. I 
 
 cir 
 
 officers, while foniff of llic Tailors, who underftood 
 Portugufff, coiivcrdd with fiich ol the Raja's atten- 
 dants as (poke that languaj;-'. The chief' part of 
 the dinner was muiron, which the Kaja havin;^ taftcd, 
 he begged an I'.nglifti fhcep and the only one which 
 they liad left was given him ; he then aft: d lor a dog, 
 and Mr. Banks gave him his greyhound ; and a Ipying 
 glafs was prefentcd to him, on Mr. Laage's intimat- 
 ing that it would be acceptable. The vifitors now 
 told Captain Cook, that there was great plenty ol 
 fowls, hogs, ftiecp, and bulFalos, on the illand, niiin- 
 bcrs of which fhould be conveyed to the lea Ihore on 
 the following day, that he might purchafe what wa-> 
 necelFary for the recovery of the lick and foi fea itoris. 
 'I'his welcome news gave great fpirits to the compa- 
 ny, and the bottle went fo brifkly round, that Mr. 
 Lange and his companions became almoft intoxicated ; 
 they had, however, the refolution to c.xprcfs a defirc 
 to depart, before they were quite drunk. When they 
 came upon deck, the mariners were under arms to re- 
 ceive them J and the Raja intimating that he ftiould be 
 glad tofcethcmexercife, thecaptain (;ave orders that he 
 ihould be indulged, and three roun IswcrcPred. Hewas 
 equally plcafed and furprizcd at their manoeuvres, and 
 particularly charmed when they cocked their firelocks, 
 exclaiming violently, " That all the locks made but 
 one click." This being ended, McU'rs. Solander and 
 Banks went on fhore with the vifitors, who were la- 
 luted at their departure with nine guns, which they 
 returned with three cheers. 
 
 When they came to the town, the Englifh taftcd 
 their palm wine, which was fweet, and not unplea- 
 fant J it is made of the frefh juice of the trees, with- 
 out being fermented. The houfes of the natives con- 
 fined of nothing more than a floor of boanls, over 
 which was a roof of thatch, fupportcd by pillars about 
 four feet in height. 
 
 On the following day the captain, attended by fe- 
 vcral gentlemen, went on (horc to return the Raja's 
 vifitj but their principal intention was to buy the 
 rcfrefliments which had been mentioned the preced- 
 ing day. When they landed they were chagrined to 
 find the cattle had not been driven down to the beach. 
 They went on to the town, where they obfcrveJ that 
 the houfe of aflembly, and Ibme few other houfes which 
 had been built by the Dutch Eall India Company, 
 were diftinguilhed from the houfes of the natives by 
 having a piece of wood, almoll in the fhapc of cows 
 horns, fixed at each end of the roof; and thefe they 
 concluded were what the Portuguefe failor had ima- 
 gined tobe erodes, from the Indian's having eroded his 
 fingers when he was dcfcrihing the town. The R ija 
 was at the place of aflemhlv, furrounded by many of 
 his principal fubjccSfs, and ^Ir. Lange alfo attended. 
 Captain Cook h.iving informed them, that he had 
 loaded his boat with goods, which he wifhed to e.\ 
 change for neccflary refrefliments, permiinon was 
 given him to land his effects. The Captain now 
 endeavoured to make an agreement for the hogs, (hecp, 
 and buffalos which were to be paid for in c.ifh ; but 
 this bufinefs was no fooner hinted at than Mr. I.angc 
 took his leave, having tirft told the captain, that lu 
 hid received a letter from the governor of Ce.ncordi.i, 
 in Timor, the contents of which fliould bcdifclui'vd 
 at his return. As they h.id now no frelh provilions 
 on board, the gentlemen weic unwilling to return 
 to the fhip before they had dined, they therefore 
 requcded the Raja's permidion to buyafmallhog 
 and fome rice, and hoped he would order his people 
 to drefs the dinner. To this the Raja very oblig- 
 ingly replied. That if the gentlemen h;'.d flomach 
 to cat of Indian cookery, he would have the honour 
 of confideriiig them as his guefts. A dinner being 
 thus procured, the captain fentofFthe boat to bring 
 liquors from the fiiip. Late in the afternoon the 
 companv fat down on mac<:, which h.ul been fpread for 
 them on the flmir, having been firlt conducUd to a fcr- 
 vaiit, who had a vefl'cl made of the leaves of the fan- 
 palm, containing water to wa(h their li.md*, in wh.ich 
 the Indian aflilled them. Having waited fomc time 
 Vol. I. N' 20 
 
 for the Raja, thf-y enquired the renf<>f\ r.f iiis .ibr-ncr, 
 and were informed, th;it the jiulon who gave the en- 
 tertainment never partook el' it ; hut ih.at the Kaia 
 was ready to come and tallc ol what was |)rovidid, if 
 the geiitk-nien entertained any idea th;;t the iruat v/as 
 unvvholefome. Tin y ad'ured tlie n:t;\(S that thi y ilid 
 not harbour any fiicli lulpicion, and bi';'an their Jii'- 
 iier, which conlilied of pork and rice, v. rv cnci llent 
 of their kinds, ferved up in thirty-lix diflies, nnd 
 three earthen bowls, tilled with a k.nd ol liuih in 
 whichthe pork Kad heiii boikd j the I'jioous wcie f. rm- 
 ed of leaves, but were lo iiiiall, that the hunmr < t 
 the guefts wouK! I'e.uecly allow them patience to ufc 
 them. Wju-n iliiricr was ended, the captain invitid 
 the Raja to drink w iiie u ith him, hiit this he declined, 
 laying that the man who eiUertained companv ihouhi 
 never get drunk with his guelh, and that the I'urcit 
 way to avoid drunkcnntl<, was to refrain frniii 
 talking the liquor. The gentlemen left the remain^ 
 of the dinner, to their Icrvants, and tlie heat's crew ; 
 who being unable to cat it all, the R; ia's female fer- 
 vants, who came to takeaway the uteiilils, inlilhd tliat 
 they fliould take with tlicmall that remained. When 
 the bottle had circulated fome time. Captain C'oci:, 
 bepan to enquire after the cattle that were proir.liLil 
 to be driven down to the beach ; when Mr. Linge in- 
 formed him, that in the letter which he received from 
 the governor of Concoidia, infiructions were t;iven, 
 that if the fhip fliould touch at the ifle.nd, and be iit 
 want of provilions, flie fliould be fuppiiiJ, hut that 
 he was not to permit her to remain lunger than was 
 abfolutely necellary ; — that no prtknts were to be m.adi; 
 to the natives of low rank, nor even left with their 
 I'upcriora to be diviiled among then', after the fliip h.ul 
 failed ; but, he added, that any trifling civilities re- 
 ceived from the Indians might be acknow ledged by 
 a prefcnt of beads, or other articles of very Imall 
 value. It is probable that the whole of this llory 
 was of Mr. Langc's own manufaclinv, and merely 
 calculated to draw all the prefents of any value into his 
 own pocket. The captain was loon after informed, 
 that fomc fliccp had been driven down to the beach, 
 hut had been coiiveved awav before the nu n could 
 get money from the (nip to pay for the in, and that not 
 a fingle liog or builalo had been douii, but tliat .1 
 I'mall number of fowls, and a quantity of the pluiii- 
 fyrup had been bought. Much vexed to be thus 
 dil'appointcd of the cliief articles whicli were wanted, 
 the captain remonftr.ited with Mr. L.ini;e, who toM 
 him, that it he and his officers had gone to tlie Ipot, 
 they might have purchal'.d any thing tliat they plialid, 
 but that the Indians ini:i.>incd, the feamen would im- 
 pofe on them with couiueifeit money. This flory w.is 
 no more credited than the former : yet, not to lofc 
 inore time in a cafe of fuch urgency, the captain in- 
 llantly repaired to the beach, but there were no cattle 
 to be bought. During his abfence, Lange informe'd 
 Mr. Banks, that the Indians were cftendcd, that the 
 feameii had not offered gold for what they h.ad to fell, 
 and tliat no other metal would purchafe their commo- 
 dities : but Mr. Banks, not cluifing to holil farther 
 eonverf.ition with a man who had been guilty of fuch 
 repeated falfities, let'l liini abruptly. Some hours 
 before this, the Raja had alligned a much more pro- 
 bable reafon for the cattle not being brought to the 
 beach, by fiyiiig, that the buffalos were too far up the 
 country to be driven thither in the time ; and the gen- 
 tlemen returned to the Ihip in the evening, difplcafeel 
 .at their difappointmcnt. On the 20th, the captain and 
 Dr. Solander went again on ftiore, and while- the latter 
 proceeded to the town in fearch of Lange, the captain 
 (laid on the beach with a view to buy cattle. There 
 VKas an old man at this place who had been diliinguifli- 
 ed hy tlie name of the Prime Miniller, becaule he 
 appeared to be invcfted with confiderable authority; 
 and the captain now prefentcd him with a fpying-glafs, 
 in order to make a fiicnd of him. At prefent there 
 W.1S nothing brought for fale but a fmall bufialo, for 
 which five guineas were demanded. Though thecap- 
 tain knew that this was double its value, yet he offered 
 M m m three 
 
222 
 
 THE VOYAGE OF 
 
 I 1 
 
 1770 three guineas, as lie was willing to bej^iii dealing at any 
 V I rate. The peiiuii who h.iil it to lilj, laidTliat liecoulJ 
 not take the nioncv till the Ilaja had bun int'ornird 
 what was oflVred, on which a man was lent to liini, 
 who loon came baekwith a nud'age, that live guineas 
 would be tlie lowett price : This the captain refilled 
 to give; on which a lecond niefl'age w.is dilpatched, 
 the beaierot which flaying a loiii; tinie,Capt. Coolr was 
 anxious for his return, when he law Dr. Siolandei com- 
 ing towards the beach, clcorted by more than a hun- 
 dred pcfons, I'omc of whom had lances in their hands, 
 and the reft were armed with niuliiuets. When the 
 Ur. ariived at the marketing-place, he inlormed the 
 captain, that Lange inttrpreicd to him a iiiellage 
 from the Raja, the lubllance of which was. That the 
 natives were a\crfe to all traffic willi the Knglifli, be- 
 caule they would not give above half the real worth 
 for the tliinjrs which were oficred for lale, and that all 
 tradiMii wliateviT Ihould be prohibited alter that day. 
 
 A native of Timor, whole parents were Portu- 
 gnel.; came down with this party, and ilelivered 10 
 the captain, what was pri-tended to be the onlei- of the 
 Ra;.i, .ind which w.is in fuhltaiice the fame thai J.anje 
 had told Dr. SoUndtr; but it was afterwarils dileo- 
 vered, that this man was a conlideiu of Lanire's in the 
 fcheme of extortion. The Lnglifli gentleman havl, 
 at the lame time !io doubt, but that the liippofni or- 
 der of the Rnja was a contrivance of thcfe men, und 
 while they were debating how to ail in this cjitical 
 conjuncture, anxious to bring the aftair to a Ipccdy 
 iflue, the Portu^uefe began to drive away Inch of 
 the natives as had brought palm-fyrup and fowls 
 to fell, and others who were now bringing fhecp and 
 bufF.dccs to the market. At this junilure Cap- 
 
 tain Cook happening to look at the old man who h.ad 
 been diHinguiihed by the name of |)rimc minilKr, 
 imagined that he law in his features a ilifanprobation 
 of the prelent proceedings; and, willing to improve 
 the .idvantage, he grafi'td the Indian's hand, and 
 gave iiim an old broad fvvord. This v.-ell-timcd pre- 
 fen'j produced nil the ;.'ooJ effects that could be w illied : 
 the prime minifter was enraptured at lb honourable a 
 niaik of di(tinctioi), ai'd brandilhing his IVvord ovr-r 
 the head of the imi'.cttiiieiu I'oruiguele, he made both 
 him, iind a man who comr.ir.nded tlic party, fit down 
 behind liim on ihf ground. The whole bu^lluf^ was 
 now acco:iiplilli-.d ; the natives, eager to fup|i|y 
 whatever was \Vaiiteil, brought tlicir cattle in for 
 f.ile, and the market w::s I'oon ilocked. Forrhernll 
 t\.'o buffaloes. Captain Cook gave ten guineas: but 
 he aftirv\'ards piirth.ili.d them by way o.' exchange, 
 giving a mil. qiL't lor eacli, and .'.t this rate he might 
 nave bought anv ntimh.r he thou jbt proper. 'I'here 
 remained no iloubt but that l,;aige h.id a profit out 
 of the two that were f dd ; and that his real'on for 
 luu ing f.iid the iKuives would take nothing but gold 
 for tlieir cattle, war, that he might the more e.ifily 
 iharc in th • pr iduce. Captain Cook purchafed of the 
 native.^ of this illand fome hundred g.illons of palm- 
 fvrup, .1 fm.-ill i|iiantily of garlick, a lar^^e number of 
 
 5 1 / c — » ■- • ,0 — 
 
 eggs, fome limes and cocoa-nut'.j thiity dozen of 
 fi.\' iheep, and nine buff.tlois. 
 ; obtained tliel'e neceffarv article'. 
 
 fo.vls, tliree hi _ 
 
 C.ipt.iin Cook haviiij, _ 
 
 row prepared for failing from this place. 
 
 The illand of Savu is (ituated in io'35 fouth lat. 
 and ?-57 ■ ^o' weft longitude. Its length is between 
 twenty and thirty miles. But its breadth Captain 
 Cook could not afeertain, as he only faw the north 
 fid -■ of it. The harbour in which the ftiip lay, was 
 called Seba, from a dillricl of the country lo dmomi- 
 nated : and there are iv,\) other ba\'s on different parts 
 of the ifland. At th>- time the j'ndeavour lav there 
 ft was near the end of the dry fea.'bn, when it had not 
 r.i ned for almoft feven monihs, nor was there a run- 
 ning llream of frelh watei :o be feen, and the natives 
 were itipptied onlv by fmall fprihgs, fitiiated at a dif- 
 tancc tip thecoui.trv, yet even in this dry feafoii the 
 appearance of the Ifland was beautiful. Near the 
 cnafl the land lies level, and Well cloathed with palm, 
 tailed Artcaa, and cocoa-nut trees; Farther oiti the 
 
 ground riles in the mt.ft ji.idii.il afccnt, a. id is i.'^- 
 vered with fair palm-trees even to the topH of the 
 hills. 111 as to prelent ;i regular grove to ilie view 
 The rains in thi.i country reaii; in M.nch or Aprils 
 and fall again in October or November, and thel'.. ri.ins 
 produce abundance of indico, milktt, ai- 1 ir.ai/.e, 
 which grow iKneath the fmeft trees in the coui.try. 
 Jjeddes thefe articles, th'- iiland prodiie^.s tobacco, 
 cotioii, betel, Tamarind'-, .limes, oranges, n'.iiigoe>, 
 guinea corn, rice, eallev:incv', and water-ii-ieloii' 
 A linall qu.intity of cinnamon was fien, .ind (bme 
 Kuropean herbs, fiuh as girliek, fennel, ccleiv, and 
 marjoram, befides which, there arc fruits of v.irious 
 kinJs, and particularly the ilinl:, which has a (liar]i 
 talleiand isii line pickle, but it is not eaten raw; itslengtli 
 is Iroin 3 to 4 inches; it is nearly as thick as a man'-, 
 thumb, of an oval form, coveud with a very tliiit 
 
 in, of a very light green, andeoniiMiisa nunib^T of 
 :eed-. r.iiigtd in tile fhape of a ft.ir. Several buffaloes 
 were feen on this iflaiiil which were almoft as large as 
 an ox ; and from a pair of enormiuis horns of thi^ 
 animal, wliieh Mr. Banks law, it was fnppofid 
 tnat fome of tiieni were much larger ; yet they did 
 not wi igli nuire than half as much as an o\ of the fame 
 li/.-'; Im'. ing 'o|t the greater part of their (Iclh through 
 ihe Lite dLV \'\ atliei : the ititat lijw;\ cr was juicy, am! 
 of a delicate flavour. Tlie horn?, of thele animals 
 bend backwards ; they had no de^-lips, and fearee 
 any hair on tlirir Ikins, and ilieir cars w^it remarkably 
 l.irge. I'lie otlur tame anima's on the illand are 
 dogs, cat', pigions, fowls, hog---, goats, flieep, 
 ad'es, and horles. Few of the horles are .ibovc twelve 
 hands hi ;h, vet thev arc full of niittle, and pace na- 
 turally in 1111 expeditious maimer; the natives ride 
 them wiili a halti r only. The hogs of this country 
 are fed on tiie liufi<s of riceaiidpalm I'yrup niivtd with 
 water, and aie remaik..bly fine aiul fat. J'hc fliecp 
 not unlike a go.11, and are therefore railed Cabaritos ; 
 their ears, which arc long;, hang down under their 
 horns ; their noils are arched, and their h'dles .ire 
 covered with hair. The fjvvls are t;f the game kind, 
 and though they are raihcr large, the hen lavs a very 
 final! i-^'^. 'Fhc lea-co:ift finiiilhes the inhabitam<i 
 w ith turtle, but not in any gicat abundance. 
 
 The n.itivesof the illand of Savu arc rather below 
 the middle U'ture ; their hair is black and ftrait, and 
 pcrfons of all lanks, as well thole that arc e.vpofcd 
 to the weather, as ihofe that arc not, have one general 
 complexion, which is the dark brown. The men arc 
 well formed and fprightlv, and their features differ 
 much from each other : the women on the crntrary 
 have all one let of features, are very fhort, and broad 
 built. The men have lilver pincers hanging by 
 firings round their necks, with which they pluck out 
 the hair of their beards ; and both men and women 
 root out the hair that grows under th.'ir arm.s ; the hair 
 of the womiMs heads is tiod in a cliib behind, 
 while the men wear a kind of turban on their head'-; 
 formed of inuflio, cotton; or even with filk haiuiker- 
 chiels, but the heads of the women have no co\ering; 
 'I'hcdiefs of the men confillsof two pieces of cotton 
 cloth; one of which is bound round the middle, and 
 the lower edge of it being drawn pretty tight between 
 the leg';; the upper cdg;e is left loof-; fo ;;s to form a 
 kind of pocket, in which they carry knives and other 
 things: the other piece being paft tinder the former 
 on the bad; of the wearer, the ends of it are carried 
 over ilieflioiiUlers. and tucked into the pocket before; 
 The women draw the (ipper edge o( the piece round 
 the wailf tight, while the lower edge, droppirg to the 
 knees makes a Kind of pcttiroat ; the bthcr piece of 
 cloth is fallened a crofs the br'aft, and iinder the 
 arms. This eiotli, which is fiKini.l'.'.rturcd by the na- 
 tives, isdiid blue while in the yarn ; .ind, as it is of 
 various fliade', its look, when it comes 'obc worn is 
 very beautiful. 
 
 The ornaments of the hativesof Savu are very nu- 
 merous, and confift o( ring-, beads worn round the 
 neck and on the wrills, and chn'" of plaited gold 
 wire, are likcwifj worn by both kxcs ; but the wo- 
 j merf 
 
CAPTAIN cook;, 
 
 Imicn 
 
 hiir 
 
 iind, 
 
 Incti h.nd llkcwifi- pinllcs of heads round tlicir waifif, 
 which lulp J IOKi:o|i up the petticoat. Al;iiiy dI thi- 
 boys were Ip:;iIs «i;c p.iflL'd ll'viial tiiin's ruiimi th>- 
 arins, ahovc thf clboAS ; and foinc of the nici who 
 were faiJ to he the fons of the Riija, ivore riti^js ol 
 ivory ahovc an inch thick, and two inches htoad, on 
 tlic fame part (jf t!ic arm. One man poflWled i lilvcr- 
 headcd cani-, fiippuftd to have been a prtfent trotn the 
 Outch I'.all-lndia company, as their mark was en- 
 graven on the filver. The raja, and the principal ii4- 
 ticer of his houfehold, were commonly ha'jited in 
 night-gowns of ordinary chintz ( but one time when 
 Captain Cook waited on the Uaja, lie was dreflcd in ^ 
 black lluft" robe. 
 
 Moft of the iTicn liad their names marked nn their 
 arms, and the women a black ornament jnft und r 
 the bend of the dhow, imprefled fo that it could not 
 be rubbed out. On enquiry, it was found that the 
 practice had been common among the Indians lonir 
 before they were vifited by any Knropeans ; and it was 
 faid that tlie necks and hrenfts of the inhabitants of the 
 adjacent iflands were marked with circles. It could 
 not be certainly known how thefe black works were 
 imprefled ; but the following extradl from M. Bulla's 
 nccount of fome Indians who dwell on the banks of 
 the Akanza, .1 river in North America, will afford 
 a very probable conjeftnre how the opcratioii is per- 
 formed. [" The Akanz.as (fays this writer) have 
 
 adopted me, and, as a mark of my privilege here, im- 
 printed the figure of a roc-buck ujmn my thigh, which 
 was done in this manner : An Indian having burnt 
 Jome ftraw, diluted the afhes with Vi-ater, and with 
 this mixture drew the figure npoit my (Vein ; he then 
 retraced it by pricking the lines with needles, fo as 
 at every piinttiire juft to draw the Mood, and the blood 
 mixing with the alhcs of the ftraw, forms a figure 
 which can never be eft'aced."] 
 
 The houfcs oii the ifland of Savnarcof difFerent 
 lengths, from twenty feet to four hundred, according 
 to the rank of tile inhabitants, and are fixed on ports 
 of about four or five feet from the ground. The 
 houfcs aregi ncrally divided into three rooms of equal 
 iize, the centre room being fct a-p.irt for the ule of 
 the women, alid fomc times fmaller rooms are in 
 clofed from the fid-s of the building, the whole of 
 which is thatched with the leaves of the palm-tree. 
 
 The natives cat of all the tame animals which the 
 idand produces ; but they prefer the hrg to ail the 
 ni} ; next to hog's flcfh they admire that of the horfc, 
 to which fuctecds the buffalo, and then the poultry j 
 and they like the flelh of cats and dogs much better 
 than that of goats and fbccp. Fifll is not eaten but 
 by the poorer jHople, nor even by them, except when 
 biifinefs demands their attendance near the fca-coafl ; 
 and then each man has a fmall cafting-nct, which he 
 wears tied roimd his body when lie has not otcafion 
 to life it. 
 
 The fan-palm is the mod remarkable, and moft 
 ufeful tree that grows on the ifland, its ufes being 
 equally great and various : foon after the buds put 
 forth, the natives cut them, and tying nndcv them 
 little bafkets, formed of the leaves of the tree, a li- 
 fjiior drops into them which h.is the tattc of a light 
 wine, and is the common drink of .ill the inhabi- 
 tants. The men climb the tree Iwitrc a day to bring 
 down this liquor ; but as a great deal more is obtained 
 than can be confumed by drinking^ a part of the rc- 
 inaindvr is made into coarfc fugar, very excellent of 
 its kind ; and the reft is boiled in earthen pots, till it 
 is reduced to a iVrup, refembling treacle, but of a much 
 finer flavour; and with this tyrup thi natives fatten 
 their hog.s and dugs. The leaves of the trees arc ap- 
 jdied to the various ufes of making tob.icco pi|>cs, 
 umbrellas, cups, balkets, and the tl.atching of houfcs. 
 The fruii of this tree is nearly of the fi^e of a full- 
 crown turnip 1 bur the natix'csaie not fond o,f it, nor 
 do '.hey fuft'er much of it to conic to perfcflion, as 
 
 * Tlicy liavp pipe: i«a<le of ilic palmlof, wlmh are about 
 ihc file of » giirfc-.JuiU, ami half a I'uut long, into unc 
 
 they wound the MuJlbnis i'o" the W.<i- oi ihc liiiuo: ;^..^^ 
 ihltill' (mill tiiem. 'I lie Kernels ( f thefuiit mult !"■ 
 laten belure it is ri(ie, otherv.ii'e ,hey are fo hat'', 
 ihatlhe teeth will not penetr.'te them. 
 
 i\s wood for firing is very fcarte upon the ill.imli 
 tie natives, by the followiug method, niiike a verv 
 little of It anhver the ends of cooUtv i.nd (lilli!!i',tioii. 
 A hollow isilug under groun.l in a direct line, alioiit 
 t ,.11 yards Ioiils v^ ith a hole at e;;eh end. one ot which 
 is large n-ul ilie other fmall ; the (ire i.s [iiit in at thj 
 l;lrgel^ hule, while the fmaller one lerves as a drau^jil 
 Circular holes are ni,.de throirjh the e.irtli v, hichcovi ; - 
 this cavity, and on thele Imlts ■a'^c let earthen pi. is, 
 uhii'i, In-iiig l.irx ill the middle, and fmaller u- 
 w.mls the hotti.ni, the Trc a^ts upon a couliJer.il.k- 
 part of the fur/ace. Tiiey geiier.iiiv contain ahout 
 light or nine gallons, and aiv :Mi\ral!v kept huiiir.g 
 with a \ery liiiall qiiamitv ol lucl. jt is thus th;:i. 
 they make their lyrup and fugar. a, will as hoil all 
 their victuals. 
 
 The betel and areca arc chewed here h"th hv mc '1 
 and women, and are mi.sed with a fort of linu neuie 
 of Ihills and coral Itones. To tin (e imrrcdi. ills they 
 freqitentlv add tol'.uc" ; and tile mi.\ture is of fuch a 
 naiiire, as being u(ed irimi their infuuy, fpolls the 
 teeth and breith of all tl\; inluihitants. Ttdiacto 
 is likewilc fmoked liere, and tie women in particular 
 were obfe'ved to fwallow the fir.oke. * 
 
 Tl'c ifland is divided into five diflricls, each of 
 which is governed by a Raja. TIrfe divifioiis arc 
 calleil Tinio, Ivlafl'ara, Regeeua, I.aii, and Keba. 
 The Eiiglifti went on fliore on the la'l of tin le, vheie 
 they found a Raja that governed with ihe inolf abfo- 
 lute authority. He was between thirty and forty, and 
 remarkable for his corpulency. It v, as ohfervtd that 
 he governed his people in an abfniute mniiiier, but 
 took very little regal pomp upon iiim. The prime 
 niiniftcr who has been mentioned, feenicd to he in- 
 verted with great power, and to have the direction of 
 the Raja in alnioft every refpeift i it w.is apparent how- 
 ever that he did not abiife this power, :is the people 
 tinivtrfally loved him. The Raja and his couiilellors 
 ufed to fettle the difputes of the natives in a manner 
 that was equitable, and generally falisfactorv to the 
 contending jiarties. Mr. Langc, to whom Cap- 
 tain Cook was chiefly obliged for the accounts that he 
 received of this ifland, informed him that the In- 
 dians wcrc able on a fhort notice to raife 73O0 light- 
 ing men. Their arms are lances, fpcars, niufquets, 
 targets, and pole-axes, which lart, aic lumcvNhat like a 
 wood-bill, but have ftraiter edges, and are heavier. In 
 the ule of their lances, thele warriors are faid to be 
 fo expert, that they can pierce a man through the 
 heart at fixty or Icventy yards diftance. Yet the R;ij.i 
 had always lived at peace with his neighbours. 
 
 Heforc the towri-hoiife there was a great gtin ; thiie 
 were alfo femic I'wivels and patararocs. l?iit thogieat 
 gun laj" with the touch-hole to the ground, and the 
 fwivcis and patararoes were not in their carriages. A 
 number of (jiears and target;, were feen in the town- 
 houfe, all of which were of different fi^cs, and it was 
 with thefe that the natives had armed thenifelvcs when 
 they came down with Dr. Solander to influence the 
 market. Ruft had almoft deliroyeil the infidcs of thcif 
 mufquets, but the out-fides were kept clean and bright. 
 The men had but very little powder and ball in iheic 
 cartrid«;e lioxes, but a piece of paper war. put into each 
 hole, as if they had been furnilned in a proper man- 
 ner. They mareacd in an irregular ni;inner, as haij 
 been already noticed, and each m;iii brought with 
 him a fowl, fomc tobreco, or fbme other triflinr ar- 
 ticle, which he thought he could dii'pofe of. 
 
 "the inh.ibilanis of Savu (fays our author) are 
 divided into five ranks, vi/.. the Rajas, the land 
 owners, themaiuifailurers,the fervants, and the flaves. 
 I'he R.ajns arc chief; the land owners aic rcfpciftoJ 
 in proportion to the extent of their eilatcs, and the 
 
 number 
 
 end of wliicli tlicy put the tbbacco intended for the purpofe 
 of liiiekinji;. 
 
 ■•* 
 
aa4 
 
 1770 
 
 THE VOYAGE O i' 
 
 nitm'ifr of their flavcs, wlilcli laft arc bought and I'olil 
 uitli tliiir cKatcs ; but a t',it Im^ is the piKC i>( diU' 
 it (nircliaful li ii.iraiily. Notu ;thrtiiiuliii||; a inan may 
 lliiis I'lll hi> Have, or ccmvcv liim with liis l.uuls, yet 
 his powtr docs not ixicnd farthLr, as Ui: may not tvtn 
 (hike liim witlioiit tlii.' Raja's pcrmiifion. 'I'lic tllatcs 
 of thcle land-holders are of viry ditFcrcnt extent; 
 feme of them not prdiffini; above five (laves, \vhil(( 
 others have 5'::^. When a man of rank goes abroae', 
 one of his (laves fallows hlin with u tilvcr-hilted 
 (word or haii!;i.r, ornamented with horl'e-hair tad'els, 
 and another carries a little hap, coutaininn; tob.icco, 
 betel, arec.i, and lime. 'I'his is all the itatc that 
 even the Rajas themfelvcs take upon them. 
 
 " Thefe people have a great veneration for anti- 
 quity. Their principal hoali is of a Ion.: line of ve- 
 nerable anccftors. 1 hofe houfes that have been well 
 tenanted for tuccenive generations, are held in the 
 liighert efteem : ,nen the lloiies whicli are worn 
 fmooth by having '.^een fat upon lor ages, derive a 
 certain value from that circumllancc. He whole 
 progenitors have bequeathed him any of thel'e (lonts, 
 or whole wealth has en.ablcd him to purehalc them, 
 caufes tlwm to be ranged round his habitation, for his 
 fervants and (laves to fit upon, I'hc Raja caufes a 
 large ftonc to be fet up in the chief town of each dif- 
 tricl as a monument of his reign. In the province of 
 Seba, thirteen fuch (tones were fccn as well as the re- 
 mains of fevcral others which were much worn. Thefe 
 floncs were all placed on the lop of a hill, and (ume 
 of them were of fuch an enormous fi^e that it was 
 amazing by what means they could have been brought 
 thither ; nor could any intormation on this head be 
 obtained from t^e natives : thc(': monuments, how- 
 ever, indicated that for a feries of generation.*, the 
 idanil had been regularly governed. — When a Raja 
 dies, proclamation is made that all thofc who have 
 been his fuhjefls fliall hold a folcmn feftival. On 
 this they proceed to the hill where thefe (tones arc 
 ercifled, and feaft (or feveral weeks, killing all the 
 animals that fuit thei"- purpofe, wherever they can be 
 found in order to furnifh the treat, which is daily 
 fcrved up on the inoiiuniental (tones. When they 
 have thus exhaufted tlieir whole (tock, they are 
 compelled to keep a fait ; and when the fea(t happens 
 to end in the dry feal'on, v\hen they cannot get vege- 
 tables to eat, they have no other fubfiltencc than the 
 fialm fyrup and water, till the k-w animals which 
 lave cfcapcd the general maflacrc have bred a fuffi- 
 ciciit number for a frtfli fupply, except the adjacent 
 ililtric^ happen.s to be in a condition to relieve them. 
 " The natives of Savu have an inllrunient witi 
 «hich they clear the coltcn of its feeds ; it is about 
 feven inches in height and fourteen in length. They 
 have alfo a machine with which they (pin by hand 
 as was the cuftom before the invention of (pinning 
 wheels in Europe. 
 
 " It was obferved that the inhabitants of this 
 idand were in general robu(t and healthy, and had 
 every mark of 'ongcvity. The fmall pox, however, 
 is a diltemper with which they arc acquainted, and 
 which thiy driad as mucli :is a peltilence. When any 
 perfon is attacked by it, he is carried to a fpot at a 
 ililtance from the houfes, where his tood is conveyed 
 to him by means of a long (tick, as no one dares to 
 venture near him. Abandoned by all his friends he 
 is there left to live or die as it may ha|!pcn, without 
 being .idmittcd to pny comforts of the tommunltv. — 
 " It appears that the Portuguefc very early vilitcd 
 
 Munionne, rt mim 
 Munama, on ctJ mnn 
 Anawuritckcc, a chilii 
 Moiiocopai, ti kcjf 
 ISLnIfb, tU ryei 
 Olailc, ihf lrmf\e% 
 Siv.ineii, t^-- ni\f 
 'I'anearri, ihr j:it'ie,iii 
 Cavai antra, t'ftlifCKi 
 Vftirj, it*' ('•tctt^ 
 
 Dulno, //'r htly 
 l*a(^avce, the diin 
 Camaccno, the orm 
 Wulalea, M.- hanj 
 
 \ R<JoriK), ifie kneei 
 
 ! llait)o, the lers 
 Diinccala, the feet 
 
 I ««\v, hiiir 
 fjnaca, a tle^ 
 
 i Vavce; rt hctr ~ 
 
 ' Dgwnbi, ujlteji 
 
 this idand on which they cA*blinied a ('fltienicnf, bii( 
 foon atter they were fuceecded by the Dutch, wh-i 
 without lormallv takinr; pi.lliirion of the pi lee (li.t .1 
 number of trading velfclo in order to eltablilh .itum- 
 mcrce with the natives. .Mod of the IJutihpui- 
 ch.ifes, It i.T (uppo(ed, are confined to a (upply ot 
 provifions for the Spice-Ifl.indb, the inhabitants of 
 which breed but * fmall number of cattle. J'iieJ.lulch 
 Ei(t India Company made an' agreement with the le- 
 vcral Rajas of the iflaiids, that a nuanlily of rite, 
 maize, and eailavances (hould be annually funu/h^J 
 to their peop!<, who, in return, were to fupply th'- 
 Rajas with (ilk, linen, cutlery wares, nuil airaeic. 
 Certain (mail vi dels, each having onboard ten Indian?, 
 are fent from Timor to bring a way the mai/.e and v al- 
 lavances, and a (hip that brings the articles furnifheil 
 by the Dutch, receives the rice on board once a year; 
 and as there are three bays on this coa(t, this ve(ii:l 
 anchors in each of them in turn. The 15ui.h ariiclcs 
 of commerce are accepted by the R.ijas as a prefcnt ; 
 and they and their chief attendants drink of the arrack 
 without intermidion till it iscxhauded. 
 
 " It was in the agreement above-mentioned that 
 the Raj.as (Hpulated that a Dutch rcfident ihould be 
 coiili.inily en the idand. Accordingly thi.-> Langc, 
 whom we have mentioned was lent thither in thuc 
 capacity, and a fort of adiUant with him whole fa- 
 ther was a Porlugucfc and his mother a native of 
 Timor, with one Frederic Craig, whofc father was 
 a Dutchman and his mother an Indian. Mr. Langu 
 vifits theR.ija in liatc attended by fifty flaves on hor(c- 
 back, and if th tops are ripe, orders vellcls to con- 
 vey them immi itely to Timor, fo that they are not 
 even houfed upon the idand. It is likewife part of 
 his hudnefs to pcrfuadc the landholders to plant if he 
 perceives that they arc backw.ird in that particular. 
 This rcddent had been ten years on the iflaiul, when 
 the Endeavour touchi-d there, during all vvhu h time 
 he had not feen any white pcrfons except thoie who 
 c.-ime annually in tnc Dutch vefl'el, to carry cfi' the 
 rice, as above-mentioned. He was married to a native 
 of Timor, and lived in the fame manner as the na- 
 tives of Savu, whofc language he (poke better than 
 any other. He fat on the ground like the Indians anti 
 chewed betel, and fccmed in every thing to refeinble 
 them except in his complexion and the drefs of his 
 country. As to Mr. Craig, his afTiltant, he was cm- 
 ployed in teaching the natives to write and read, and 
 inftrufting them in the principles of Chrillianity. 
 Though there was neither clergyman nor church to 
 be ("ccn upon the illand, yet this Mr. Craig averred, 
 that in the lownfhip of Seba only, there were 600 
 Chriftians. As to the religion of thofe who have not 
 embraced Chriltianity, it is a peculiar fpccics of Pa- 
 ganifm, every one having a god of his own, (bme- 
 »hat after the manner of the Cemies heretofore 
 mentioned. Their morality, however, is much purer 
 than could be cxpeifted from fuch a people. Robbe- 
 ries arc fcarccly ever committed. Murder is unknown 
 among them ; and though no man is allowed more 
 than one wife, they are ftrangcrs to adultery, anJ 
 almoft fo to the crime of fimpic fornication. When 
 any difputes arife between the natives, the determina- 
 tion of the Raja is dccifive and fatisfaiSory, Some 
 obfervations were made upon the language of the 
 natives, by the gentlemen, while the vend lay herci 
 and 1 kind of vpcabulary formed, a (ketch of which 
 the curious reader will find in the note annexed. • 
 Of the idands in the neighbourhood of Savu, the 
 
 principal 
 
 Maio, rt cat 
 Dolocla, <i f'ird 
 Dullou, an e^ft 
 Nudoo, ttji/b 
 Unjoo, «i turtle 
 Vooc, /'■"'/ 
 
 Nai, tiKtrr9 
 
 Yirroc, crtw^es 
 Arrc, ti.e 
 \.ot\o, thf fitn 
 \\'uiioo, the ItKCtt 
 
 Booro, heni 
 
 (.'ova, <i rcitt ' 
 
 Capa, ajl:fi -.^ »' 
 
 Sootvc, rej 
 
 Bulla, Hack 
 
 Sau-lodo, the /tjornini; 
 
 Munflo-lodo, the eirnhf* 
 
 O, ).-, 
 
 Onaa, fo f<\t 
 
 Nccnawci, tt drink 
 
CAPTAIN COOK. 
 
 ■us 
 
 Erlncipal is Timor, which is anniinlly vifitcdby tlic 
 >iitch rcfidiiKs Oil the oth.T ill.itniii, In orJ^r to 
 m:ike up liiinc of their .iccoiints. Some of ilii; towns 
 oil the north fide of Timor are in the hJnJi of the 
 Portiigurf", but the Dutch poU'ef' a far gie;ULi prcrior- 
 tion of the illand, on which they have built a fort ami 
 erccled fevtral ftorc-houfis. 'I'herc are three fmall 
 iflaiids, culled the Solars, which produce great abun- 
 dance of t!ie various ncccH'aries of life, that are car- 
 ried in fmill vcflcis to the Dutch fettlemcnts on the 
 ifland of I'imor : thcfe iflands are low and flai, and 
 one of them has a commodious harbour. To the 
 weffward from the Solars lies the little ifland of 
 Kndc, which is yet in the poniflion of the I'ortu 
 gucfc, who have built a confiderable town on the 
 north-calt point of it j and dole to the town is ;'.n 
 harbour where fliips may ride in fafety. The ifland 
 of Rotte has a Dutch rcfident on it, whofe bufinefs is 
 fimilar to that of Mr. Lange on the ifland of Savu : 
 Rotte protluccs, bcfidcs fuch things as are common to 
 other iflands, a confiderable quantity of fugar, which 
 is now made to a great degree of pirlciStion. Tlure 
 is lilcewife a fmall illand lying to the weft of Savu, 
 the chief of the produce of which is the arcca-nut, of 
 which the Dutch receive in cxchanijc for European 
 cornmoditie?, as larijc a quantity every year as will 
 load two veflll?. 
 
 A French fliip was wrecked on the coaft of Timor, 
 about two years before the Endeavour was in thcfe 
 feas, file had been lodged on the rock fcveral days, 
 when the wind tore her to pieces in an iiiftant, and 
 the captain, with the greater number of the feann.n 
 were dnivMied ; but the liciuei ant and about 8o men 
 having reached the ftiore, trav'.tled acrofs the country 
 of Concordia, wlurc their iinmcdiatc iicccflities were 
 relieved, after which they returned to the wreck, in 
 company with fonie Dutch and Indians, whoafiifled 
 tlam in recovering all their cliefls of bullion, fomc 
 of their gums and other cffecls : which being done, 
 tlxy returned to Concordia, where they remained fe 
 v^ral weiks ; but in this interval death made fuch 
 havock among them, that not above half their num- 
 ber remained to be fcnt to their native country, which 
 was done as foon as a veflel could be fitted out for that 
 purpofe. 
 
 On the 2iflor September, 1770, the Endeavour 
 failed from Savu, fleering weftward. In the after- 
 noon of this day a little ifland was difcovercd in 10'' 
 47' fouth lat. and 238° 28' weft long.* 
 
 When the fliip got clear of the fcveral iflands be- 
 fore-mentioneil, there was a continual (well of the 
 fca from the fouth, which Captain Cook imputed to 
 the pofition of the coaft of New South-Wales, ima- 
 };ining it to have determined the fea in that diredion. 
 On the 28th they ft(ered north-weft the whole day, 
 in order to get fight of the land of Java ; and on the 
 30th the captain received from moft of the ofliccrs and 
 I'camcn their refpeilive journals of the voyage, regard- 
 ing which lie advifed them to obferve the moft pro- 
 found fecrccy ; and he likewil'e poflcffed himfelf of 
 the log-book. In the night following there was a 
 llorm of thunder and lightning, when the land of 
 Java was feen to tlie caftward by the brightnefs of the 
 lightning. In the morning they had fight of the 
 ifland of Cracatoo, which is fingular for the height 
 of its peak. Early in the morning of the 2d of Oc- 
 tober, when the (nip was fifteen fathom W'ater, (lie 
 was clofe in with the coaft of Java, along which they 
 now ftecred. As their Indian friend Tupia, was 
 at this time extremely ill, the captain now difp.itchi.d 
 a boat to the fliore, to endeavour to bring him fome 
 refrefhing fniif, and likcwifc to procure grafs for the 
 bnftalos. As ftx)n as the boat landed, the inhabitants 
 affiftid the (lainen ia cutting giafs for the cattle, and 
 
 Vol. I. N"20. 
 
 Ta rai, fo run 
 Ta inuilic, lo talk 
 Ta buni(F, iufntne 
 Jlfe, er ulli:, tnt 
 Hoc:, Im 
 
 Tulloo, thrft 
 l!pp>, f.ur 
 
 Unna, Jix 
 I'ctao, Jnen 
 
 gathering a bunch of plantain* and a few cocoa- 
 nuts, fi,r which they reciivid a (liilini,;, and v. a. in 
 wvr^ !irou;;ht off to th.- Ih p. — I'll-' l.mJ.n J .v. ...id 
 a deligiuiul .ipp.arance, b-ini^eveiv i\hi''' vviU co- 
 vered w:th trees. '1 his da, tluy had hl^Iu i.f two 
 Dunh vi-ll'els, and an oflicLi btini; dilpaii ned to cm! 
 ol lliem, to barn .irv inlen (ling iiitdlit;. i!>.e, he 
 brou;'ht word back, that the Sxs allow h::d ii'jiliid ihu 
 Englilh channel in (alety ; that difputes were carried 
 11 t;reat lengths at home, in regard to th.' rr.iiiiltcrs, 
 and in America, on ace lui.t of taxes ; and that thj 
 Ruliians, I'ole-, and 'lurk"., were embroILd in a 
 war. 'I'he ofli.er (aid, thai the velleU werj Dutch 
 l£aft-Indiainen, bound iVoni I3atavia, one of th.-m to 
 the CMlt of M.d.'.har, and the oih'-r to the ifland of 
 Ceyj.in : he laid likev.ifc, t!iat there was a kind of 
 packet-boat, which he had been told, was appuinted 
 tocarry letters from the D itch (hips that came ihiih.r 
 to Hatavia, but Captain Cook conjectured tli.it her 
 biifiiuCs was to examine fuch (hips .is (hoiild pais the 
 (freight. The (hip had now b,: n (oine hours at an- 
 chor ; but alight breeze fpringing op in tli.' cv niiio-, 
 they got under fail, and continued to proceed at a 
 flow rate during the night. On the -;d in ihe morn- 
 ing, the Dutch packe-.-boat was obferved fa:Kn;j: ;.flcr 
 the Endeavour ; but (he bore awav again 011 tiv (liift- 
 ing of the wind. This changing cf the wir.d ebli",iiin; 
 the Endeavour to come to an ;.nclior, ihe n-.alier ili 
 the packet-boat came along-fide her, in one of the 
 boats belonging to the country, bringing with hiin 
 rice-birds, monkeys, parrots, pariLujuet' , ducks, 
 fowls, turtle, and other things, with .111 intention to 
 I'ell them ; but as the ftock which had been laid in .it 
 Savu was not yet confumed, and he had fixed a very 
 high price on his commodities, very few articles were 
 purchafcd : the captain, however, bought twenty or 
 thirty fowls, and a finall turtle. The inafter ot the 
 packet-boat had brought with him two books, in one 
 cf which he wrote down the captain's name, and that 
 of the vilTel, to be fent to the governor and council of 
 the Indies, and in the other book he requeiled that 
 fnme of the gentlemen on board would likewife write 
 down the name of the veflTel, • ith that of tlie cr.n- 
 tain, where (lie came from, • what port (he was 
 bound, and as many particu' ■> refpedting anv perfon 
 on board, as themfelves n ,it thinkneceil'ary to fatis- 
 fy the curiofity of any of their friends w ho might 
 afterwards enquire for them. In this book fever.il 
 Portugurfc veflcls, and fome of other countries had 
 many entries of the fame kind, but a lieutenant on 
 board the Endeavour, having written thefhip's name, 
 added only the words, " from Europe:" yet of this 
 the ma(ter of the packet took no other notice, faying 
 he was content with whatever they were pleafed to 
 write J as it was only for the information of his 
 friends.— 
 
 Having now weighed anchor, they attempted to 
 fail, but the wind not enabling the vtlTel to ftem the 
 current, (he lay to till the 5th in the morning, when 
 a Dutch officer coming along-fide, fent a printed 
 paper to the captain, containing the following queries. 
 I. The (hip's name, and to what nation (he belonged ? 
 — 2. Whether (he came from Europe, or from anv other 
 place ' — 3. Erom what pKicc (he departed laft ? — 4. 
 Whither (he was bound? — 5. How many fhips be- 
 longing to the Dutch Company had been ieen on the 
 laft coaft the veflel had left; and their names ? — 6. 
 Whether one or more veflels had been in company 
 with the Endeavour, and had failed for that or any 
 other place ' — 7. Whether any thing had happened or 
 been feen remarkable during the voyage.' — 8. Whether 
 any (hips had been feen or hailed in the ftreights of 
 Suiida, and what they were. — 9. Whether they had 
 brought any other news worthy of attention from the 
 N n n place 
 
 1770 
 
 Arop, fif^ht II Singoroo, I'n 
 
 Saio, uine || Singoroo Itfc, fteven 
 
 * This iflanti has not Iccn Uiil Uuwa in any gf the cliarw 
 liithctto puUlidicd. 
 
.11 \i 
 
 
 i».'^ 
 
 I*,f"l 
 
 THE V O Y A CJ E () K 
 
 plKo whence till' fliip took lur ilt'p.irtiirc, or wlictlicr 
 i.i\- ihiiiL' clli' haii li.iii|aiiLil Jiiiiiig the voyage that 
 \' l^ w'lMtli I omimiiiic.tiiil;^ ' 
 
 Till' i)iiillioiis wiio riibliribcd " B ATAVIA, in th • 
 C'.i(!L\ Hy imlcr nT thr ( icucrniir-^i;iu r.il aiiJ thi- 
 CoiiiilVliors ot liuli.i. '/. I'tiiiii.itr Hii -I. Sir." 
 
 The oIliiTi hail riiaiiv p.ipin ol' t'li- l.iir.c kinJ In 
 KriMin, Uiiti'h, an. I nthsr Luv^mj^is. Ohlcrvin*, 
 hiiwi'vcr, ui.it thi' c.ipljin ili>l nut ihiifc li> anlWcr .ni, 
 •ll' the .ibinc ijtudi'Mi^, cxeept the t'lrll and I'onith, 
 he ohlirveil that the nil were not material, th<iii:',h 
 It «as riniarkeil that julV alterwarils he I liil he nuill 
 ililp.iti-h l!ie i).i|>cr t(i Hatavia, at which place it wiiiKI 
 arrue hy the niM il.iv. i'hK eNamin.itiiin was laihir 
 rxtrauriliiury, and the more In, as it dues not lieni 
 to half hitii lit any ii'iii; Itandini;. 
 
 " I'he anchor was weighid a> loon as the Dutch 
 • 'tricrr departed, hut in timr hours the fllij) w.i-; 
 toricd to come to an anchor ai^ain, till a brei/.c Ipran;; 
 lip i flic then held on lui tourle till the next morning:, 
 when on account of the rapility of the current, the 
 anchor was dropped ai-ain. At tail they weijjheJ on 
 the 8th, and llooj clear of a laryc leil!;c ot rock-, 
 which they had alnioil ran upon the precedin;.jday. 
 lint ill the foieiiHin ihey were once more ohiigcd to 
 anchor near a little illan.l thit was not laid do.vn in 
 any chart they h.id on hoard. It was found to be one 
 ol ■ thofe called the Milks Illes. Mr. Barks and Dr. 
 Sohndcr having landed upon it, collected a tew plants, 
 an I fliot a bat which was a yard loiijr, bcin^ mcafurcd 
 (torn the extreme points of the winjs i they alio 
 Icilleil a few plovers on this ifland, the hrcidth of 
 which docs not exceed one hundred yards, and the 
 length five hundred; they found a houfe and a little 
 fpot of cultivated ground, and on it grew t!ic Polm.i 
 iVirijlif from which the Well Indians make their 
 caftor oil. 
 
 I " Ina littletlmcaftcrthcgcntlcmcncamebnck tothe 
 (hip, lome \Ul.ays came along-fidein a boat, bringing 
 with them foine ponipions, dried hfh, and turtl.; fur 
 la].: : one of the turtles, which wcijh.d near one 
 hundred and fifty pnaniU, tl-.ev ftdd foradollar, and 
 iecnied to expect th-' lame piece of money for thcii 
 fiuitj hut it bein;; hintnl to th .11 that a dollar 
 was too nnu h, tliey dtfired that one might be cut, and 
 a piece of it given t(. them, b'lt this notbiingcom- 
 jilied with, they at length fold twenty-fix pompions 
 for a Portuguefe petaeka. When they di jiartid, thev 
 intimated their wiliu's that this traiifaotioa might 
 jl'Jt be mentioned at liatavia, 
 
 " Tlif fliipnow m.-djhut flow way (ill night, when 
 the land-bueze fprin^ing up, they fiiln! to thciall 
 Ibuth-eall, and on the following dav, by the allifl.inci 
 of the lea-breeze, they came loan anchor in the load 
 of Batavia. At this place they found a number of lar^e 
 Dutch veflVl';, the H.ircourt Kafl-Indianian from 
 EnglaiiJ, whi.:h had loll her pafi'age to China, and 
 two (liips b I'lngin:; to the private trade of our India 
 companv. Th.' I.ndcavour h.id no fooncr anchored, 
 than afliip waMud'trved, with abroad pendant flying, 
 from which ;; boat was dil'patclicd to demand the name 
 of theVLirO, with that of the commander, &c. To 
 th-'l> enq'iii ie- C.pr.iin Cook gave Inch ani'.veis as he 
 th.nijht prop-r, and the ciP.cer v.ho commamled the 
 b:>i<t d parte I. This gentleman, and the crew thatat- 
 teiided him, were fo worn out with the unhealthi- 
 ii?('> of till- eliiii.ite, that it was apparent ninny deaths 
 \viHild follo'.v ; vet at prelVnt th-re was not one invalid 
 on bonrd, excpt the Indian Tupia. The captain 
 ii-iw dilpatehid .inolTi.Tr to the governor of the town 
 to .ipidogife for the Endeavour's not falutin^: for he 
 had but three guns propn- for the purpole, except 
 fwivels, and he was .ipprehenfive that they would not 
 be heard. The Ihip was fo leaky, that fhe made about 
 nine ineiiei water in an hour, on theavcraisc} part of 
 th." f;!:'.' k'el was gone, one of her pumps was to- 
 tally 11 1 -i' , and the reft fo much decaved, that thev 
 could not lid long. The officers and leamen concur- 
 ring in opinion that the (hip could not fafdv put to 
 fe» ajjain in thik condition, tho captain reJ'olvcd to fo- 
 
 licit pcrmiflion to heave hiv down \ but a» ht! ha^ 
 le.irned that this mull be done in v.riiiiig, heditwiip 
 a petition, anil had it tranflaled inio DiuJi. 
 
 " On W'ednefday Dclobei th: io:li, 1770, thi cap- 
 tain and the lell of the gmileim n uiiii on Ihor,', and 
 applied totlieonly Knglilh gentleman ilieii refuUntat 
 liauvia ; tins gmtleman, uh|>le n.une w.is Leilh, re- 
 ceived his coiintrvmcn in the polite!) manner, and iii- 
 tirtained them at dinner with great hid'piialiiv. Mr. 
 I.eith inlormtil them, that a public holil was kept in 
 loivn, by order of the Dutch governor, at which 
 place nierchanis and other llraiigers vveie obrigeil tj 
 lodge, and that tin- l.iiidlord of the liotil was iioiinJ 
 to Imd them waiehoulis lor their goods, on the eui.. 
 diiion of receiving ten (hillings on e\eie hundreil 
 pounds of their value, but as the Kndeavour uas .1 
 king's Ihip, her officers, and the other g'-iitleinin, 
 might relide where they thought proper, only all.iii:^ 
 leave ol the governor, whofj perniiriiun would be in- 
 rtantly obtained. Mr. Lelth added, that thiv might 
 live cheaper in this way than at the hotel, if thty 
 hid any perfon who fpoko the Hatavian tongue, 
 whom they could rely on to piirchafe their |)ro- 
 lifions, but as there was no Inch perfon among th* 
 whole Ihip's crew, the gentlemen immediately bc- 
 Ipoke beds at the hotel. In the afternocii Captain 
 Cook attemlid the governor-geneial, who rceei\eJ 
 him poliiilv, and told him to wait on the council the 
 next niorning, when his |ietitioii fliould be laid be- 
 fore them, and every thing that he Iblicitcd llieuld 
 be granted. I. ate in the evening of this dav, ihiro 
 li.ippencd a moll terrible llorni ot thunder and lii^lit- 
 ning, accompanied with very heavy r.iin. In this 
 llorm the iiiain-nialf of a Dutch Kail liidiaman was 
 fplit .nnd carried away by the deck ; and the main-top- 
 niaft ind main-top gallant-niall weie torn to pieces ; 
 it is fuppoled, that tlie lighliiing was altraiited by ail 
 iron fpindle at the main-top-gallaiu-mafl-head. The 
 Kndeavour, which was at a (mail dillance from 
 the Dutch fliip, efeaped without dani.ige, owing, 
 ill' II probably, to the elecliical chain which con- 
 duiled the lightning over the velFcl.— A ccntinel 
 on board the Kndeavour, who was charging his muf- 
 i|uet at the lime of the (lorm, had it (haken out of 
 his hand, and the ram-rod broken to pieeis ; the 
 eleclrical chain looked like a Iheani of fire, and the 
 fliip fiinained a very violent (hock. 
 
 " Capt. Cook w aited on the gentlemen of the coun- 
 cil on Thurfday the nth, who iiiforined him that 
 all {lis reiiueus (lunild be complied with. In the in- 
 terim the other geiitlenien made acontraci with the 
 mailer of the hotel, to furnilh them and their friends 
 with as much tea, coffee, punch and tobacco, as they 
 might have occafion for, and to keep them a feparato 
 table, for nine Ihillings a day Englilh money : but 
 on the condition that every perfon who fliould vifit 
 them, (lieiild pay at the rate of four fliillings and fix- 
 pence for his dinner, and the fame fum for his fuppcr 
 and bed, if he cliolc to fleep at the hotel j they were 
 likewife to pay for every fervint that attended them 
 fifteen pence a day. It was foon difcovered, that they 
 had been much impofedon: for theic charges were 
 twice as much as could have been demanded at a pri- 
 vate houfe. 'I'hey appeared to live clcg.inlly, but at 
 the fame time were hut ill fupplied. Their dinner 
 confifted of fifteen dilhes, all fervid up at once; and 
 th. ir fupper of thir'.een, but of thefe, nine or ten 
 were of the moll oidii.ary, becaufc the cheapcll, (poul- 
 try) that could be purrhafed, and even fomeot thcfn 
 dilhes were obferved to be fervcd up four times fuccef- 
 fively : a duck, which was hot at dinner, was brought 
 cold in the evening, the next day ferved up as a fri- 
 cafec, and was converted into forced meat at niglit. 
 Our countrymen, however, only fared as others had 
 done before them : it was the eonllant cullom of the 
 confcientious mailer of the hotel, to treat all hisguefls 
 in the fame manner, when they hrll took up their re- 
 fidence at his houfe : if they took no notice of it, all 
 was well, for the landlord had the better cullomers of 
 them: if tliiy rcmonllrated againll Cuch treatment, 
 
 the. 
 
CAPTAIN COOK. 
 
 n7 
 
 they 
 
 .•cic 
 
 pri- 
 
 [l at 
 
 mcr 
 
 And 
 
 ten 
 
 >ul- 
 
 liclie 
 
 cuf- 
 
 ight 
 
 Iri- 
 
 ;l,t. 
 
 liad 
 
 the 
 
 ;fts 
 
 rc- 
 
 all 
 
 of 
 
 :nr, 
 
 the. 
 
 tlic t.ibic wai Iicttcr niid In;tl..r ("ii|i|)llcil (mm liiiii: l" 
 tunc, till, ill llic I'lul, llii y h.ul no ii .ilun tu loinpl.iiii. 
 Thf i^oiitUiiHii h.i. 111^ iciiiul l.iult with llini I'.iii', 
 Uiic artirw.irds liii plied in a lictlti' nianiKr : bin 
 Mr. IJaiiks not .ip;)! villi; tlii; coiiiliict of ill" iii.ill-i 
 lit' the liiitti, liiKil l.i.(i;inj;s lui- liini'i If .mil In', 
 attcnil.ims at the adjoining Imwri, fur whuli Iica;;i4<d 
 tu p.iy forty-live lliillingN a inonth ; lut Ikiv lie 
 was diLippoiiiled in liic hope III li.nl forniiil of liMiip 
 retir'.d J for feaitily a l)iitihinaii li.id oci.ilion to 
 p:ifs by the hniile, liiit he r.m ill wilhuiil leiiioiiiy, 
 tociii|iiire wh.it w.is to In- foM ; for ii is a vciy iilii.il 
 thing at ll.ilavia, for llian.'ers who are iiiaprii.itc 
 lapacity, not to be fiiriiilhed with foiiie aitiiks ol 
 tratfic. Ill this lioiife iiobidy was pi iiiiitlid to llup, 
 asaijiicltof Mr. Jiaiiks, without his hid beinj; frp.i- 
 rali ly paiil for ; it is ilii iiniieifil i iilloin lure to liiii 
 a c.'rri.ige, and Mr. H.niks engagid two, forwhuli 
 lie p.iid ei^hti-iii (liillings a d.iy ; tliefe carriaiies an 
 open ihaifes, in whitli two pel Ions fit conniiodioufly, 
 and arc driven by a man filling on a kind of coach- 
 box. 
 
 " Their Indian friend, Tiipia, Iiail been, till this 
 time on board, \ery danyeroiilly ili, yet iK-rfilled to 
 rcfiife every meilicinc tli.it w.is urt'ered him ; Mr. 
 Banks now feiit lor him to his hoiife, in ho|Ks that he 
 miaht recover his health. While he w.is in the (hip, 
 and even after he w.''s put in the boat, hewasiiulif- 
 pofed, and low fpitiled, in the iitinoll degree, but the 
 moment he c.ime into the town, his whole fr.mie ap- 
 peared as if re-aiiiniatcd. The houfes, thecarriagcs, 
 the people, niul many other objeiils, were totally nc« 
 to him, and altonilliment took pofl'elTion of his fea- 
 tures at a fight fo wondeifiil ; but if Tiipia was 
 alloniflied at the fcenc, his boy, Tayota, was par- 
 fcftly inrnptured, dancing aloiii; the Urccts for joy, 
 cxaminiiij^ the fevcral objects as they prefented thcni- 
 felves with the mod carneft curiofity. Nothing rtriick 
 Tiipia fo much as the vaft variety of dreflls worn by 
 the inhabitants of Uatavia : he enquired the rcafon ot 
 what appeared fo very extraordinary in his eyes. Be- 
 ing informed that the people were of a variety of na- 
 tions, and tli.U all were dredld according to the mode 
 of their own country, he was defirous of following 
 the falhion ; this reiiucftbein;; complied with, a pcr- 
 fon W.1S difpatchcd to the Ihip for fomc South-fea 
 cloth, with which he foon cloathcd himfelf in the 
 drefsof the inhabitants of Olahcitc. 'I'hc people of 
 Batavia, who had fecn an Indian brougkt thither in 
 M. Bougainville's ihip, named Outourou, niiftook 
 Tupia for that man, and frequently enquired if he 
 w.is not the fame. 
 
 " The ncceflary repairs of the fliip being ordered to 
 to he made at Ouruff, Captain Cook obtained an or 
 tier to the fupcrintcndant of that ifland to receive her ; 
 unH he wrote to the fecrctarv of the admiralty, an ac 
 coiint of the fafc arrival of the Endeavour in the road 
 of Batavia, and diQ^atchcd his letter by a Dutch fliip 
 that was bound to Europe. 
 
 " ThcCaptain now applied to feveral perfons to ad- 
 vance film money fufficient to defray the cxpence of 
 wpairing the ihip ; but not one could be triund in the 
 whole town who had the itquifite fum in his poflcf- 
 icflion, or if he had w.-is willin;j; to advance it ( he 
 therefore made application to the governor, who illiicd 
 hisoitlers that he ihould be fupplicd out of the trea- 
 fury of the Dutch Eaft India company. 
 
 " Early, in tlic morning of the I'lth of October, 
 1771, the fliip gut under fail, and proceeded to 
 Ourull: ; and, in a d.iy or two, tlie crew began to 
 take out her (lores, which were dcpofitcd in a wharf 
 on Cooper's Illand ; but this buiinefs was rendered 
 unavoidably tcdiou', by feveral Dutch (hipi being at 
 the fame wharf taking in their l.idlngs of pepper. — 
 After little more than a week fpent at Batavia, the 111 
 elTeifts of the climate began to be feverely felt j Dr. 
 Solandcr and Mr. Banks were indifpofcd with fevers , 
 Mr. Banks's two fervants were exceedingly fick } the 
 Indian boy Tayota, had an Inflammation on his lungs ; 
 and I'upia was fo ill, that his life >vas defpaircd of. 
 
 Tliiir iiiilif|iolllion was aliiibulid partly lo the 1-7;-) 
 luaiiip\ liiiiaiiin of the town, and tin IIcikIi oI tht'v,x^-'\i> 
 illil; i.ui.iU with which it ..buiiiuls. J!y llie ;C,tli of 
 llie 111, null, very few of the cnw war uill ciioiigll 
 to do duty I and on this il.iy a tent w.i^ iiiclttl lor 
 llicir ivciption. Tupi.i ii^'w luiucltid to becoiiMycil 
 to llu- fliip, in hopes of breathiiii; a pun r air th 11 ill 
 the town 1 but his requcll couKI not be i;r.;iii .1, aS 
 Ih..' W.IS uiuii ged, aiid pieparations wrie nwkiiig to 
 lay liir iliuMi, in ouUr ih.il (he mij;ht iindirjn A 
 ihoiiui^.h repair ; on the 2S1I1, howevii, .Mr. H.oiki 
 .iiiiiiliil Tupia 10 Co. pel's lll.iiid, wliire a tint «a» 
 pit! lied for him, in (lu h .1 filu.ition, uluie Ik- was 
 .iliiiiKit ly nliiilud by the l.iiul and li.i l>r.\/.is , aud 
 ihr poor iii-ature wms (ii ill, that hecmild not Kavu 
 Ili'. Ivii 1 Mr, ll.inks's fever was grc.iily iiure.ilid, 
 .111.1 Dr. .'^ol.imkr's grew wi>rfe iicry d.iv. The fliip 
 was at liii;,[li laid ilov.ii on the 5tli of Kovembei, on 
 wliiih il.iy died Mr. Moiikhoulu the furgfii, vliod; 
 lofs u.is the more (ivcii'iy hit, as lu w.is a niauof ■ 
 (kill in his profellion, and (VII a f.icrifi-e to the pi f- 
 tifirous air of the country, at a time wl..n his abili- 
 ties were mod wantid ; l)i. .Sol.uider, lhoii;Ji ex- 
 tremely ill, had (lunglh fufKciint to fie his 11 mains 
 committid to the ground, but .Mr. Banks was uii.iblo 
 even 10 pay this fad lull duty to a woithv man. 
 
 " De.iths were now very (Veil ucnt amoii(; the l.ii^lifh ; 
 fever.1l Malay iVrvants v.MC eng.igcd to wait on tho'.i.' 
 who were ill ; but ihcfe people «eic lo rcmifs in their 
 duty, that it was no uncomnion thing f.ir the (iek 
 man to leave his bed in fiarch of his alt' ndaiit. The 
 Indian biy Tayota paid the debt of nature on the Qlh 
 of this month, and I'upia was fo flioeked at the hi-, 
 that it was evident he could not long furyive this Kuf- 
 fortune. 
 
 '* The (hip's bottom having been canfully fur- 
 veycd, our countrymen had rcafon to he thanli- 
 ful for having been prcfitvcd dining a pad'age of li.- 
 veral hundred miles, througli the moll dangirous 
 I'eas on the face of the globe: for the fluathiiig 
 in feveral places was torn Irom the vcliel ; tho 
 falfe keel was in a great mcafiirc gone j the main 
 keel was damaged in many parts; (Vveral of the 
 planks had received grc.it injury 1 and a pirt of tlirit: 
 of them was thinner than the fole of a (hoc. 
 
 " Dr. Solander and Mr. Banks were now (o worn 
 down by their tliforders, that the phvfician u lio at- 
 tended them, recommended the coimtrv air, as ths 
 only thing that could pofTibly reflore thi-m to the 
 wirfics of their friends. In confeijii.ncc of this ad- 
 vice thry hired a country houfe cf the marter of the 
 hotel, who engaged to fupply them with (laves, ,ind 
 to furni(h their table; bit as they had fu(Sciently ex- 
 perienced the worthleirne("s of tliefe (laves, they 
 bought two Malay women, who foon became excel- 
 lent nurfes, from that tcndcrnefs of nature which 
 docs fo much honour to the fex. While thefe gentle- 
 men were taking mcafurcs for the recovery of th^Mr 
 health, poor Tupia fell a vlifUm to the ravages of his 
 ilifordcr, and to his grief for the deceafid Tayota. 
 When Tavota was firfl felzcd with the fatal diforder, 
 he I'eemed fcnfiblc of his approaching end, and fre- 
 quently faid to thofe that were about him, Ticm mutt 
 fa i " My friends, I am dying:" he was \ery tract- 
 able, and took any medicines that were offered td 
 him ; they were both buried in the idand of Edam. 
 
 '• Capt, Cook beftows great encomiums on the of- 
 (icers and the workmen of the marine yard at Ouruft, 
 by whofe fliill and diligence, the bottcni of the (hip 
 was pcrfedtly repaired by the 14th of the month ; and 
 he warmly recommends the heaving down with twd 
 mads indcad of one, which he j fays is undoubtedly th'-' 
 morcexpctlitious as well as thefafer method. — By this 
 time not above ten men were able to do duty out of 
 the whole ftiip's crew, and thefe wcfc cmployeil in 
 getting water and dorcs aboard, and in putting up the 
 rigging. The water was purchafed at Batavia, at thtf 
 rate of one hundred and fifty gallons for fix fliillings 
 and eight-pence."——— 
 
 The captain was now taken ill, and Mr. Sforins 
 
 unl 
 
Il 
 
 228 
 
 THE V O Y A c; E O V 
 
 r>' l>«'c with 
 
 an 1 a f.iilor, who attcniKH Mid'n. n.iiik* ami Sol.m- 
 iltT at their country hnud-, were .iti;n kid with iii- 
 fi'irnittiiif^ I'cvcT'^, but thcii; i»\) mnlliiiuii griw I'lmi- 
 lliinj Iv .ur, thiiuj;h thi.r rccuvcry «:is V(r)'(liiw. 
 'ri\cir hcufr was fitu.it'.'J en the Imrili'is ol' .i livulil, 
 wIik'ii iif toiiill, alfiftiJiIi.- iircnl.itioii ul' Uic uli.aiiJ 
 it w.is liki'wiil- "I'.iii to t!ij (' I brit/i-. 
 
 In tliL iiiL;ht of the .^5tli I'icie fill fmli a (huwcr 
 pf rain, fur the f|iai\' ol luiir hams, as even our voy- 
 agers had caufc cvi r to nriicnUk r. 'I'hi' water piuiiLd 
 through every p.irt of Mr. Il;.Mkh's h'Uili-, ami che 
 lower apartmiiits admitted a (lie.iin fuJIieieiit to tinii 
 a mill. As this ;;entlrnun was now greatly refloied 
 in hiallh, he w.iit to Hatavia tli,' |ilk>winc; day, and 
 was liir)Mifed to Ice that the iiihriliiants had hung 
 •heir bidding to dry. The welK-rly nionlooii fit in 
 about the ifeth of this month, it b!n\v> in the day- 
 tinio fron» the north or north-'.vei!, and from the limtli- 
 well during the night ; privioii.. to tlii;, there had 
 b;en \ialent fhowers of rain for level il ni^lits. The 
 inufijuitos and t;n.its, w lioh; company had been fuf- 
 lii-ienlly dilagrteablc in di" wcatliir, now b.'yiin to 
 i'warm in immcnfe numbers, riliii;; frcm the puddles 
 of w.i'.er like bees from a '■i\e ; I'liey v.Me extremely 
 troublefomc during the ni^'.ht, but the pain urilinj; 
 fro:ii the (ting thoiigli very levere, llldoni lafted more 
 thin half .-n hour, and in the day time they feldom 
 inaje their att.icks. 'I'lie frogs kept a pi rptiual croak- 
 ing in the ditches, a certain fi^n tha'. :h.' wet feal'on 
 W IS commenced, and that d.iily r.iiii niiL.lit be ex- 
 peeled. — The fliip beinj; repaired, the liek people 
 received on board her, and the (;ioater part of her 
 water and llores taken in, (he faikd from Ourull on 
 the 8tli of December, and anchcired in the load of 
 Bata\ il i twelve davs were employed in receiving the 
 remainder of her pinvilions, water, and ollur necef- 
 faries, though their biifuuls would have been done in 
 much Id's time, but 'hat fome id' the crew died, and the 
 m.ijority of the fuivivors were Co ill, as to be unable 
 to I'ive their airillancc. On the 24tli, Captain Cook 
 touk leave of the governor, and fome other gentlemen, 
 will) had diftinguilliid themfelvcs by the civilitiis tluy 
 lii'-wed him ; but at this juncture an incident occurred, 
 that iiiiglit have produced confequcnccs by no means 
 tiefirable. A failor belonging to one of the Dutch 
 ftiips in the road of Batavi.-., defertcd from the vefl'el, 
 and entered himfclf on board the Endeavour. The 
 captain of the Dutch fl^ip having made application to 
 the ';ovi iiior, claiming tliedeliiuiuentas afubjectofthe 
 Stales (icncral, the governor illued hisorder for the rc- 
 iloratiun of the man; Captain Cook h.id but juft taken 
 leave of the governor, when tliis order was delivered 
 to him, and he laid, that the man fliould be given up, 
 if It appeared he was a Dutchman. As the captain 
 was at this time on fliorc, and did not intend going 
 on board till the follow iiig day, he gave the Dutch 
 officer a note to the lieutenant, who commanded on 
 board the Endeavour, to deliver the dcfertcr on the 
 condition above-mentioned. On the following day 
 the Duteliman waited on Captain Cook, informing 
 him, that the lieutenant hi.d abfolutely refufed to 
 give up the fcaman, favi ig he was an Irifliman, and 
 ofcoiuli- a fubjectof his liritannic Majcfty ; Captain 
 Cook applauded the conducf of his officer, and added, 
 that it could not be expedlcd that he ihould deliver up 
 an Englilh fubjci^f. The Dutch officcrlhcn faid, he 
 was auihorifed, by the governor, to demand the fu- 
 gitive as a Danifh lubjeif, adding, that his name was 
 entered in the ftiip's books as havin;; been born at 
 Elfincur; to this Captain Couk very properly re- 
 plied, that the governor muft have been millaken, 
 when he gave this order for delivering the defertcr, 
 who had his option whether he would ierve the Dutch 
 or the Englifh ; but in compliment to the governor, 
 the man ihould be given up, as a favour, if he ap- 
 pe;'.id to be a Dane, but that in this cafe, he ftiould 
 by r.') means be dunand^d as a right, and that he 
 would certainly keep him, if he appeared to be afub- 
 jeillpfthe crown of Great Britain. The Dutchman 
 nuvi tooic his leave, and he had not been long gone 
 7 • 
 
 before the r.iptain received a letter fmm the com- 
 manding ollieer on board, containing, lull proof, that 
 the man was an En^-lilh fubjeet. 'I'liU liti,r the 
 eaiitain carried to the (hebander, ikfniii.i him to Ijy 
 it belnie the governor, and to inform him, that the 
 man nioiild not be dilivercd up on ahy terms what- 
 ever. This (piriteil condiicl on the part ofCiptain 
 Cook, had the defircd tdciit j and thus the matter 
 cndtd. 
 
 This dayllu' capl.iin, attended by Mr. Banks and 
 the other ^;entlemen \\\\u had hiili'.rfo lived in tin: 
 town, rep.'.i;' d o:i boaid tlie fbip, which got under 
 (ail the next nn.niing, The Endeavour was faliitnl 
 by the fort, .liid by tlie Elgin E.K-lndi.cman, wliieli 
 then lay i.'i the ro.ul ; but loon after tliele compli ■ 
 ineiits were returned, the fea-brceze felting in, ihry 
 vi'cre obliged to come to anchor. Since the arriMil of 
 the fliip in llat.nia road, enry peifon beloiijir.g tij 
 her had been ill, except the fail-maker, wTio was 
 more than f vuity years (dd, yet this man f;ot diunk 
 every day while Ih' y remained there. Tlie !• i:d- ;\uii[ 
 buried (even of hir people at Batavia, vi/;. I'upiaanJ 
 his boy, three of the fiilors, the firv.int of Mr. 
 (jrcai, the allrononv r, and thcfurgoiii and at the 
 time of the vellil's failiii;!, forty of the crew wiie 
 liek, and iheielt lo eiifei blul by their l.ite illr.cfs, a? 
 io be fiareel^- able to do their duly. " The town 
 of Batnvia hliiate in 6' lo' fouth lat. and io6 50' 
 eaft long, from the ir.ciiJim of Crieiiwich, i» 
 built on the bank of a large b.iy, lonu tli'ng more 
 than twenty miles from the ytre.ght of Sui";i, oil 
 the north fide of the ifl.,ii'' of Java, on a I .v boggy 
 ground. Several fmall iivi r, whici. rife forty mile* 
 up the country, in the mountains of lil.,e.i , en L'cri/, 
 dil'charge thtiiifelves into the fe.i at ll;is jdaee, having 
 (ir(} intiifefled tlie town in dilferent diieciions. '("here 
 are wide canals of nearly Itagnated water in almolt 
 every (fleet, and as the banks of the canals are planted 
 witii trees, tluvappe.ir^'.tfirH very agiecablej but thefe 
 trees and canal> combine to render the airpcitikiilial. 
 Some of the rivers are navigable, more than thirty 
 miles up the country ; and, indeul, the Dutch ap- 
 pear to have chofeii this fpot to build the town on, 
 for the fake of w..tcr-carriage, in which convenience 
 Batavia exceeds every phiee in the world, except the 
 towns of Holland. A writer who publiftied an ac- 
 count of this place near 50 years ago, makes the num- 
 ber of houfes at that time 4760, viz. 1242 Dutch 
 houfes, and 12CO Chiiicfe houP.s, within the walls j 
 and io66Dutch houfes, and 1 240 Chiiiefc houfes, with- 
 out the walls, with 12 houfes for the vending of ar- 
 rack. I'he flreetsof Bataviabeing v. ide,and thehoufes 
 large, it ftands on more ground than any place that 
 has only an equal number of houfes. In dry weather 
 a molt horrid ftcnch arifes from the canals, and taints 
 the air to a great dcgrcp ; and when the rains have (o 
 (welled the canals :hat they overflow their banks, tlii 
 ground-floors of the houfes, in the lower part of the 
 town, are filled with ftinking water, that leaves be- 
 hind it dirt and flime in amazing quantities. The 
 running dreams arc fometimcs as offcnfivc as the 
 (l.ignant canals, for the bodies of dead animals arc 
 frequently lodged on the (hallow paits, where they 
 arc left 'o putrify, and corrupt the air, except a 
 flood happens to carry them away ; this was the cafe 
 of a dead bufl^alo, while the crew of the Endeavour 
 were there, which lav (linking on the ihoal of a 
 river, in one of the chief ftrcets fur fevcra! days. 
 They fometimcs clean the canals ; but this i)ufinefs 
 is performed in luch a manner, as fcarcely to make 
 them lefs a niiifance than before, for the bottom being 
 cleared of its black mud, it is left on the (ide of the ' 
 canal till it is hard enough to be taken away in boats, 
 and as there are no houfes for neccil'ary retirement iit 
 the whole town, the filth is thrown into the canals 
 regularly once a day, fo that this mud is a compound 
 of every thing that can be imagined dlfagreeable and 
 oftenlive. There is a new church in Batavia, which 
 is a fine piece of building, and the dome of it may 
 be fecii far oft' at (la. "^1 his chuich is illuminated l>y 
 
 chandeliers 
 
CAPTAIN COOK. 
 
 aaf 
 
 tKaiide!i(M of the mod I'uperh woilnn.infliip, and h.u 
 ■ lliii; organ ; n\ol( nl' llic olhoi puMic liuilillni;< arc 
 incicnt, conlliiiili (I in an ill talK', anil ^ivu a v>iv 
 coinpliat idra of IJiitcli tluinlini:!^. Tluir melhuii 
 ofb.iildiny; llu'ir lioiifi;* feenis lo li.ivf lutn taught 
 tlirm by the tliinatc. On the tjiounJ-door ihttc i» 
 no roHin but a large hall, a cornt i ol whiih i« partcil 
 oft' tor ihf tranfaCti.iM of buliritli j the liall has two 
 doors, which arc commnn'y Icl't open, and are "p- 
 pofirir each other, (o that ihi- air pillU Incly iliiciUfih 
 the ro(im, in the middle of which there n a coint, 
 which at oiirc incrcafes the draft of air, and afl'ords 
 light to the hall ) the Itairs, which arc at ihk cDiner, 
 lead to large and lofty apartnitiits above. 'I he fe- 
 male (lavrs are not permitted to fit in any place but 
 the alcove formed b»the court, and this il the uiual 
 dining place of the t.iniilv. 
 
 The town of Datavia !>- cnconipaflid by a river of 
 fliallowr water, the Ureani of which is very rapid ; 
 within this river, which is ofdiftcrent widths in va- 
 rious places, h an old (lone wall, much decayed in 
 many places, and within the wall is a canal that is 
 likcwifc much wider in fome places than in otlicrs, 
 fo that there is no entering the gates of the town but 
 by crofling two draw-brid|^<s j there arc but few on 
 the ramparts, and no perfons arc permitted to walk 
 there. There is a kind of citadel, or calUe, in the 
 north-cafl corner of the town, the walls of which are 
 hoth broader .md higher than they are in other parts; 
 it is furnifhcd with a number of large guns, which 
 command the lamling-placc. 
 
 Apartments arc provided in this caftic for the 
 governor-general and all the council j and in cafe of 
 a fiege they have orders to retire thither. In ihe caf- 
 tic are liktwife :i number of ftorc-hnufes, in which 
 the cfTciSs belonging to the company are tiepofitcd. 
 The company havj in their pofllftion large quantities 
 of gun-powder which is kept in did'cient places, 
 that the lightning may not deftroy the whole Hock 
 at once, a great number of cannon arc likcwifc laid 
 up within the callle. There arc a great many fort> 
 built in difl'trcnt parts of the country, fcvcral miles 
 diftant from Batavia, mod probably eredcd to keep 
 the natives in fubmiflion ; and befides thefe there are 
 a number of fortified houfes, each mounting eight 
 guns, whirh are fo ftationcd as to command the 
 canals and the roads on the borders. There arc houfes 
 of this kind in many parts of tlv.- iHand uf Java, and 
 the other idands in its ncigboiirhood, of which the 
 Dutch have obtained pulleflion. The Cliinefe 
 having rebelled againft them in the year 174c, all 
 their principal houfes were demolifhcd by the can- 
 non of one of thefe fortrfied houfes, which is in the 
 town of Batavia, where, likcwife, there arc a few more 
 of them. 
 
 The roads of this country are only banks between 
 the ditches and canals, and the fortified houfes being 
 ere£led among the moraflcs near thefe roads, nothing 
 is eaiier than to deftroy .them, and confcquently to 
 prevent an enemy from bringing any heavy artillery 
 near the town ; if, indeed, an enemy be only hindered 
 a (hort time in his approach, he is efFc£lually ruined, 
 for the climate will preclude the ncceflity of the ufe 
 of weapons for his deftru£lion. Before the Endea- 
 vour had been a week at Batavia, her crew began to feel 
 the ill eflFcils of the climate j halt of them were ren- 
 dered incapable of doing their duty before the cxpi 
 ration o( a month. They were informed, that it was 
 a very uncommon thing for 50 foldicrs out of 100 
 brought from Europe, to be alive at the expiration of 
 the firft year, and that of the fifty who might happen 
 to be living, not ten of thofe would be in found health, 
 and, probably, not lefs than half of them in thehof- 
 piul. 
 
 All the white inhabitants of Batavia arc foldicrs, 
 and, at the expiration of five years fervice, they are 
 bound to hold themfelves in readincfs to go to war, 
 if they (hould be wanted, and the younger inhabitants 
 are frequently muftered ; but as they arc neither trained 
 nor exercifed after the expiration uf the five years 
 Vol. I. N" 20. 
 
 iK-forc-mentloncd, the little ihey hav: leuned is Toon 
 lir^ iil'n. [The I'onuguefc, wh.> Ik..' in tlii. couii- 
 ii\, employ tlii'iiil. Ives very iiiuk.l< in Ih (iiin.; li. ' 
 >''ei, and the wild li>>g, uiience they heeoiue 1 .. el- 
 Liii inaikfmcn.] I lie liidian>, ot wh.iievcr naiioii, 
 who nil Je here, aiul hiv. litlur bei Ji iiinleh'i, or 
 were horn fi>, are called MatdyKcrs i lnii ncilhir ihif'l 
 nor the Chinefe are aci|ii.ontul with liie-.iiin-, yet 
 as thi le people are f.iid to podils j;reat p.tloiial l)i.<- 
 veiy, iTiuvU inij;l\t be exptCled from tliilr expert illc 
 ol theii da^yeis, Iwoids aiul l.iiii i <. It wuul.l lie a la- 
 borious talk to aloH'k Datavia hv land, and it is iiit 
 p.'llib.e to make any ..itack at all hy lea, lor the flial- 
 lownefs of the water w.iuM hlniler any villlls liom 
 a.lvancin^ wuhin canii"ii-th<it of the »alls ; indeed 
 there I3 barely depth of w. ter for a llnp's luiiij-boal, 
 xcept a n.iriow thannrl, called tlu' livir, which 
 ixtends half a mile into the liarbuiir, and is llioii|^ly 
 bounded on each file with purs, the other end of it 
 l/eiiig dirciftly under tiie file of th.- callle, while its 
 communication .itli ih^ canals of the town is pie- 
 vcnted by a brjom of wood, which is every n'^lit (hut 
 precifely at fix o'clock, and never cpcncd nil the ful- 
 lu'A'ing day. 
 
 Any number of (hips may anrhor in the harbour of 
 Batavia, the ground of which i forxeelkiit that ilie 
 .inchor will never quit its hold. 'I'his liaihour is 
 fomctir.ics daimi rous fjr boats, when the fea-hrcczcj 
 blow frefh i but, up in die whole, it is deemed ine belt 
 andmolt commodious inall India. There isaconlider- 
 ahle number of idands, .vhcli arc fituitd lound the 
 outfide of the harbour, and all thefe are in the pof- 
 fertion of the Dutch, •ho didine them to diflueiit 
 purpofes. On one of them, which is called I'ur- 
 merent, an hofpital is erected, on account of the air 
 being purer than it is at Baia/ia. In a fecond, ihs 
 name of which is Kuyper, arc crciJted luiii.b. is of 
 warehoufes, in v\hicli aie lodged the ric;- and foma 
 other commodities, which belong to the Dutch Ead- 
 India Company 1 at this idand tliofe (hips belonging 
 to difTerent nations, which are to be repaired at 
 Ouruft, unload their cargoes; and it w,s here that 
 the (lores of the Falmouth man of war were laid up, 
 when flic wa; condemned on her return from Manilla | 
 her warrant officers, of whom mention has been made 
 in the account of Captain Wallis's voyage, were fent 
 to Europe in Dutch (hips about half a year before the 
 Endeavour anchored in the road of Batavia. A third 
 of thefe iflands, the name of which is Edam, is ap- 
 propriated to the reception of certain offenders, whofe 
 crimes arc not deemed v/orthy of death, and thi- 
 ther they are tranfported from Holland, and detained 
 from five to forty years, in proportion to the hei- 
 noufncfs of the offence they have committed : makitig 
 of ropes is the principal part of the employment of 
 thefe criminals. 
 
 The environs of Batavia have a very pleafing ap- 
 pearance, and would in almofl any other country, be 
 an enviable fituation. Gardens and houfes occupy 
 the country for feveral miles, but the former arc lo 
 covered with trees, that the advantage of the land 
 having been cleared of the wood that originally co- 
 vered It, is almoft wholly loft ; while thefe gardens 
 and the fields adjacent to them are furroundcd by 
 ditches which yield a difagrceahle fmell ; and the 
 bogs and moraliei in the adjacent fields arc ftiU 
 more ofTcnfive. For the (pace of more than thirty 
 miles beyond the town, the land is totally flat, ex- 
 cept in two places, on one of which the governor's 
 country-feat is built, and on the other they hold a 
 large market ; but neither of thcle places is higher 
 than ten yards from the level of the plain. At near 
 forty miles from the town the land rifcs into hills, 
 and the air is purified in a great degree ; to this dift- 
 ancc the invalids are fent by their phyficians when 
 every other profpcft of their recovery has failed, and 
 the experiment Cuccccds in almoft every inftance, for 
 the ftck arc reftorcd to health ; but they no foontr re- 
 turn to the town, than their former diforders rcvifit 
 them. On thefe hilh the moll opulent of the inha- 
 O o ^itaatt 
 
;jo 
 
 THE V O Y A C; E O V 
 
 '7; 
 
 hit.'nt«havf country fiMt^, to which ih /pay .111 annuitl 
 ^ifit. 'I'hiiri- whnrdiilc conltantly 011 ihi' liilU cnjuy 
 :in .ilnutit pri|irlujl flow of health ; ami niiil) ol tlu' 
 \rV • hlti >>t Kuro|)« prow as free I y thirc a« m then 
 n.iilvc (jroiiiul '. ihf (Jrawbfrry In |>artiiular floiirillin 
 i;riMtly, which i> a lulFu'iciit pruul o| the cuoliioli ol 
 tlu- air. 
 
 The rice of tKln country U very plcntifiil, nnil, in 
 order tii be hroiiijht to piTtcitioii, (hoiilil Ik- iirulcr wa- 
 ter more tli.iii halt' Ihf time It ii j^rowing : hut they 
 have a (ort which i^rowi on the (icics ot thc> hllK, 
 whit h In vinknown in the WcK-liidla lllaiul'' ) tiii'< 
 furl ii [ilanteJ when the wet feafon coniminces, ami 
 the crop IS I'.ilherril in, foon alter the rain* are over. 
 The iiiai/r, which (;row<i near Hatavia, is tj.i- 
 tlureil while youni;, and roalKJ in the ear. The 
 land likiwil'e produces ctrtots, celery, parfley, af- 
 |>ara;;us, onions, radilhcs, cabbages, Icttucis, eu- 
 cumbfts, lentiUs, kidiiey-beanj, hyHoii, f.^je, rue, 
 Cliintic white raJifhes, which when boiled, are not 
 unlike a parfnip, common potatoes, fweet potatoes, 
 wet and dry vain<, millet, and the egg plant, the fruii 
 of wliicli, when broiled and eaten with lalt and pep- 
 per, is in(dl exquifitc fiiodi Ama/.ing i|uantities of 
 fugar are produced licre, and, while the i|uaiitity is 
 beyond conip.iril'on greater, the e^i.re of cultivation 
 is inconceivably lei's than in the \\\l\ India illamls. 
 White fugar is retailed at tw'o-p.'nce half-penny the 
 pound i and arrack is made ot th" niolaflLS, with a 
 im.dl addition of rice, and the wine of the cocoa-nut. 
 The inhabitants likewifc raife a little indigo for their 
 own ufe, hut do not export it. 
 
 I'lie fruits of this country are near forty in num- 
 ber, and of fonv.- of thefe tlicrr are fe.eral kinds 
 Fine-apples grow in fueh abund.uice, that they may 
 be purchafcd at the tirll hanil. for the value of an 
 Englilh (arthingi and they h"ii^ht fome very lar; 
 ones lor a half-penny a piece at the fruit-lhops, 
 and their taftc is very excellent. Tliey grow fo 
 luxuriantly, that feven or eight fuckers have been 
 feci) adhering to one ftem. The fweet oranges of 
 Hatavia arc good of tlieir kind, but very dear at 
 particular times. The fli.addocks of the Well In- 
 dies, called here I'amplemoofcs, have an agree- 
 able flavour. Lemon: were very fcarce when the 
 Endeavour lay in the harbour, but limes were alto- 
 gethcr as plentiful, and fold at little more than two- 
 pence the fcore. There are many kinds of oranges 
 and lemons, but none of them excellent. Of man 
 goes then arc plenty, but their tafte is far inferior to 
 the mclling peach of England, to which they have 
 been compared. It is faid that the heat, and extreme 
 dampncfsof the climatr docs not agree with them, yet 
 there are many difterent kinds of them. Of bananas, 
 there are an amazing variety of forts, fome of which 
 being boiled, are eaten as bread, while others are 
 fried in batter, and arc a nourilhing food : but of 
 the numerous forts of this fruit, three only arc fit to 
 be eaten ; one indeed, is remarkable, becaufe it Is 
 filled with feeds, which are not common to the left. 
 tirapcs arc fold from one fhilling to eighteen pence a 
 jiouiul, though they arc far from being good. TIk 
 tamarinds are cheap and plentiful 1 but as the me- 
 thod of prefervi.ig them, which is in fait, renders 
 ihem a mere blaclclump, they are equally nauleating 
 to tho fmht and to the palate. The water melons 
 arc excellent of tlicir kind, and arc produced in great 
 Kbundance. The pompions arc boiled as turnips, 
 and eaten with fait and pepper. This fruit is admi- 
 rably adapted to the ufc of voyagers, as it will kcej) 
 many months without care, and makes an excellent 
 pye, when mixed with the juice of lemons and fu^ar. 
 'I'he papans of this country are fuperior to turnips, 
 if th^ cores arc cxtraflcd, after paring them when 
 they arc crccn. The guava has a (Irong fmell, and a 
 taftenot lefsdifagrceable : it is probable, that the gu- 
 ava of the Weu-Indics, which many writers have 
 dittinguifhcd by their praifes, has a veiy different fla- 
 vour. The fweet fop is a fruit that has but little fla- 
 vour : it abouud:> in large kernels, from which the 
 
 pulp is flicked. 'I'he ufle of the ciilUrd-appK* vtry 
 much icfciiibhs iheililli Iroin whieh ii« n.iiiie 1. taken. 
 I'lie 1 .illiiii apidi- pi.'ilueri a iiiil \Jiuhi>i iioi un- 
 known 111 KnelaiiJ, hut the Iriiii has lii> h an allrinu - 
 cut i|u.iliiy, that the ilatavians feldtNii cat of ii : lU< 
 nut orows on the top uf the tipple. The loto.i iiiii 
 is pleniiful ill this iinintrv^ .i.ul ihcie arc fiur.il 
 kinds of this huit, (he IhII of which is very re.l be- 
 tween tiiefhell and the (km. The janiloo is 4 fruit 
 th'it has but little lalh, but is ol a ii<c>liug naluu 
 It is contidei.dily Ids th.in u conini'in-li/.ed .pple, .mil 
 lliofc that lia\e (;ro\ui to tluirfull Wit, arc .l.>j)s 
 the he(( ) its Ih.ipe i> oval, and itk colour a d..ip 
 red. Ol the J.imbu-cyer, III le aie two kuid«, tlie 
 white and the reil tluy arc fhaped like a lull, and 
 are fomething bij_'^',i.r than a cherry ; they lia\e iiu 
 kind of talle but th.it of a watryacid. The J.iiibu- 
 eyer maiiwar. liiiills like a roll, and its i.ille is not 
 unlike that • conlirve of rolis. Tlie iiiair;ollan is 
 of a dark re., colour, and not Loner than .1 liiiall apple • 
 to the b<itl nil of this fruit ajluie fcMral liiile leaven 
 of the bloll'oms, while on its tops are a niiniber of 
 triangles combined in a circle, it contains f vir.il ker- 
 nels raiif.u) in a circular form, within which is tlu: 
 pulp, a fiuit (if mull exiiiiilite tallc j it is ctpially 
 nutricious and agretahle, inid is coiiflantly gi\eii tii 
 perfunswhi) are troubled with inflamniatoiy or piitiiJ 
 levels. 'I'lu-fAcei (■range of this country i.s likcvifc 
 given in the fn'iie difoidcrs. The pi. niejiiaii.;!-,- of theft- 
 parts dillVrs in nothiii;^ from that j^eiicrally known 
 in ^Mll;l.'.lld. The durion takes its name irom the 
 woul Dure, which, in the l.inguagc (>f that country, 
 means prickle?:, and the name is well adapted to 
 the fruit, the Ihell of which is covered with fliarp 
 points, fliaped liked a fiic;ar-!(uf : its contents are nuts 
 not imich (inaller than encfnuts, which arc furiotindcJ 
 with a kind of juice releinldiiig nc.im i and of thi» 
 the inhabitants eat wiih gieat avidity ; the fmi II of 
 this fruit is more like that of onions, th:in any other 
 European vegetable, and its taftc is like that of onions, 
 fugar, and cream intcrm -j^a; the iiifide of the du- 
 rion, when ripe, is parted, lengthways, into fevcral 
 divifions. The naiica is a frtMt that finells like uar- 
 lick and apples mixed together : its fiic in the g:irJcii» 
 of Hatavia, is not bigger than th.it of .1 middling 
 fr/.cd pompion, and its (hape is nearly the fame: it it 
 covered with prickles of an angular form. Tliey 
 were informed that, at a jilacc called Madura, it ha% 
 been known to grow to fuch an cnorimus fux- as M 
 require the (licni'th of two men to cirry it. The 
 champada is in all •-efpce'ls like the naucj,on1y that it 
 is not fo large. The rambutan contains a fruit within 
 which is a ftonc, that is perhaps the fined acid in 
 the world : this fruit is not unlike aclKftuit with its 
 hufk on; and it is covered with fniall pruklcs of a 
 dark red colour, and fo foft as to viild to the fightert 
 imprcflion. The gainbolan rcfembUs ad.:inafccn both 
 in colour and fi/e, and is of a very aftrinpent nature. 
 The boa bidarra taftcs like an apple, and is likcwilit 
 extremely aflringent : its fr/.c is that of a goofi berry, 
 its foim round, and its colour yelK w. The nam 
 nam makes an excellent fritter, if fried in batter, but 
 is not cdecmed when raw : the rind of it is rough, it» 
 length is about three inches, and its Iliapc not unlike 
 that of a kidnev. ThJ catapi)a and Ine canare aic 
 two fpeeics of nuts, the kermis ol \Uiicli i.rc like thofe 
 of an almond, but fo hard, that it is alnioft impof- 
 fible to bnv.k them. The madja ontaiii . a |)iilp of a 
 lliarp tatte, which is eaten with lu ^ir : this fruit is 
 covciel with a hard Ihell. The funtil ij .1 fruit 
 fcarcdy fit to be catdi, bein;^ at once .•'.lli.n;jtiit, acid, 
 and of a moft unpleafant talte, ytt it is public!/ 
 fold in theftrcetsof Hatavia: it contains a lunnbr of 
 kernels, which are inclofcd in a thick fkin. The 
 I'alack is nearly of the fizc of a fmaJI {golden pippin, 
 and contains » few kernels of .1 \wl!o>v colour, thi: 
 tjfle of which is not unlike t'lat of a llr iwb'-rry j 
 but the covering of this fruit is very rcm:iiV:;di e, a* 
 it confiftsof a number of fcalcs, rcl.niblin^ thofc of 
 a fifh. The chcfrcma »nd ihe blinibing, .".fc tw ' four 
 6 ■ „ fruiti. 
 
 •#• 
 
C A P I' A I hJ C O () K. 
 
 friiiHi Mccfdi«j»ly well iH:ii»«nl in make (niir l.iiirt, 
 ti\i{ |ii< klcN. Thi. Illlnlhlll^ Ikllc it aiiulliir 111111 ur 
 the fitllic kiii'l, but oiiiliilcrah'y IacKii. 
 
 ()t tlic Ituit'. iiol III four, n V, hi II Cjjilaiii Conk w■l^ 
 tt Dal.n ia, lie the Iwn ilii|), aii.l the kiiilhip, w hicli li>- 
 faw pulavcil in lu(;»i : and thtic .nc linral nilicr 
 flirt'- whit.1) the Uatavuiisaic luiiJuf, biitllity utr ne- 
 ver lali'ii by (Irangirs ; amcii^ thole .iic tin iiiDriiitii, 
 the niiltinJiiu, the killer, an. I ilicfoiiuini thi> lall 
 hai ihf amwiiraiite iif the bicad-friiil whiih ii pto- 
 diicfd ill tin ifl.iiuN of the South Si»s, but it iMiot 
 nr.ir fo gcioil, thounh the trie on which ic growi ii 
 aliiK'ft cxjLlly like iht bieaJ-lniit tree. 
 
 V'aft ijuaiiti ic»iit liuit are eaten at Ualaw.i. Tlirre 
 «re two inarkit»htUI weekly, at Jillant jil.ieis fur the' 
 brttiT «ciiiinini)Ja«ioii of l hole who refiJe in iliiririin 
 parit of the country. Here the fruit-l'cller'- meet tli< 
 gatJener>, and purthafc the j;o()J> at low rates. We 
 ire told it is not uiuoinmun to li c tiftv or lixty load> of 
 pinr-annUs tarcKfsly thiown together at lliofc niai- 
 keti. rlowcu arc ftrewn liv the inhabitant, of Uatavia 
 and Java, about their hcii(e», and they arc oonrt.inlly 
 burning aromatic wooiU ami gums, wliuh is luppofed 
 to be done by way of purilyiiij; the air from the Itench 
 that arifes from the canal* and ditches about the 
 town. 
 
 In this country fweet-fccnted flowers are picntiliil, 
 many fpccics of which being intircly unknown, arc 
 worth remarking. 
 
 The combang tonquin, and combang carcnani, arc 
 particularly fragrant flowers, which bear fcarcely 
 any refemblance to i<ny of tliofc flowers with which 
 we arc here acijuainled. They arc very fmall, and 
 fecm to be of the ilo^N-b.me (pccie«. 'rhc cainun{^a 
 which is more like .i bunthof 'eaves than a flower, is 
 of a linpular Iniell, but verv grateful. 'l"hc bon 
 fanjoiigisof a pale yellow cart, and has a very agree- 
 able fmcll ', it is about an inch and a half in circum- 
 ference, and confirt^ of pointed leaves, wh.ch give 
 it llic appearance of a (lar. The chaniparna fmells 
 fonicwhat like a jonquil, but is rather o*' u weeper yel- 
 low. A large tree upon ihc ifland produces this 
 flower. There is alfo an extraordinary i.ind of flower 
 called fundal inalam, which fignifies the intriguer of 
 the night. This flower has no fmcll in the day-time, 
 but as iii;;ht comes on, it has a very fragrant fcent, 
 and is verv much like the En^lifli tuberofe. 
 
 Thcfc flowers being made into njfegays of different 
 ihapcs, or ftrung upon thread, arc carried through 
 the ftrett for falc on an evening. The gardens of the 
 gentlemen produce fcveral other fors of flowers bc- 
 fulu thcfe which wc have mentioned, but they are not 
 •ft'ered to fale, bccaufc there is not a fufficient plenty 
 of them. A plant, called the pandang, is produced 
 here, the leaves of which being ftired rnull, ard 
 mixed with other flowers, the natives of both 
 fcxcs fill their eluaths and hair with tliis mixture ; 
 which they likewilc fprinklc on their beds, and flecp 
 under this heap of fweets, a thin piece of chints be- 
 ine their only covering. 
 
 Pcpjicr was formerly the only fpicc that grew on the 
 inand of Java. A confiderahie quantity is brought 
 from thence by the Dutch, but very little of it is made 
 ufcof in the country. The inh.ibitants prefer cayan 
 pepper, and arc fond of cloves and nutmeg, but thcfc 
 firft are too dear to be commonly ufed. Near the ifland 
 of Amboyna are foinc little ifles, on whiirh the cloves 
 grow, and the Dutch pofli-fled theinfclvcs of all of 
 them, not being eafy till they all became their pro- 
 perty. Scarcely anyother nutmegs .ircfound but on the 
 ifland ef Banua, which however furaifhes enough for 
 all the nations that have a demand for that commodity. 
 There are but a few nutmcg-trccs on the coaft of New 
 Guinea, 
 
 As to Java, of which wc have already fpoken, our 
 voyagers give the following account : " This ifland 
 produces liorfcs, buflTalocs, ftiecp, goats, and hogs. 
 The fort of horfcs faid to h.Tvc been met with here 
 when the rountry was firft difcovered, appeared to be 
 nimble animals though fmall, being gencxall/ fcldom 
 
 above thirteen haiuU ki)ih. T4)« hol4to()CAli1c t'f ihi . 
 
 iniiiiliy .ue ilitfeieiil limit iholii of hiiiop. . TheV 
 iiiu quile lean, i>ii( nl .iveiyliii' y 
 
 
 ih. 
 
 uiiii I wt C. Iii- 
 llurt'a)..- 1 tl Ih, 
 
 lull and thi' n.ilHx of Ja\4 mi iii lliiltal<.' t li Ih, 
 wliiih the Dulih conliaiilly leluiv , l> iii^ iiuim II -d 
 Willi alliance idea that it is levciilh. 1 le Ih ip .<re 
 hairy lil^c gnat,, .iiul li.ive liiii|.>, e.irs ; tliey .m nwKly 
 found 111 lie touuh .iiid ill-talird, 
 
 " There ha|i|iiiiMig to he.! !'■ w fheep U<m\ the 
 C.i|K- >>l Cioud Itiipe At llativia, lunieul ihiiiiwerc 
 puichal. d at ihe rale ol one fhilliii'; .i puuiul, '1 l>o 
 lioj[s, elpei Lilly thole of the Chiliele llotk, are very 
 fine IiiihI, but folat as tliat the li.ili is lep.iiauly ft.M 
 the biililer^, wli'> .lie Clilnrli; \ llu v take < 'If tlu l.ii, 
 ihiy melt and lell to their iiu itr)iiiMi to he eatrii 
 whIi ihiii lice. Yit lh<)u,,h lliele lio;;s j re I'd line, 
 ilie Diiieh prefer llu li own biiul, iiiid lli'- cunlc- 
 quenec is that (heli: latter aie I'oM at cKtravugant 
 raleti. 
 
 " As the Portiigiicfc flinut the wiM lin';i 
 and deer, (as we liaic alre.iily meiitiuiuilj they 
 arc fold at a moder.ile price, and are good e.iiiin>. 
 As to the goats ul this country they are .is lii- 
 dirterent as the fheep. Dons and cats are found 
 here in abundance, and tlieie arc niiiiibers of wild 
 horfcs at a confiderahle dlllance liniii tialavl.i, on the 
 mountains. There are a few moiike) ., lien m.ir liic 
 towni but theie are many on llie nioiuitaiiu :>ihI 
 defart-plaees, where there are alfu tygers, and a lew 
 rhinoctroli's. 
 
 '* An altoniOiMv; qii.in«ity of fifli is taken here, 
 and all arc fine fooil, ixcept a few Ih.il .ire I'caue i yet 
 the inhabitants will not lal thole that are foiiiul in 
 abundance, but [lurchali: tliofc which are wurle and 
 (career, a circiimlfaMcc that contrihutej to keep up 
 the price of the latter. A prejudice likewilc pr' vails 
 among the Dutch which prevents ihein Ironi eailii" 
 any of the turtle caught in thele par*s, wliicharl- 
 very good fnod, thounh not eipial to iliolc that arc 
 found in the Wefl Indies. Very large ll/ards arc 
 common at liatavia, ) foinc vi them arc laid to he as 
 thick as a man's thigh ; and Mr. IJanks fhot one live 
 feet long, which being diell, proved very a!jreeablc to 
 the tafle. — 
 
 " In Batavia they found fnipes of two difterent 
 forts i and thrufhes might have been purchafed of the 
 Hortuguelc, who were the only dealers in this Ion of 
 birds, and venders rf wild fowl in the country. 
 
 "In the ifland of Java arc palm-wine, and arrack. 
 Of the former they have thr.c forts, the firlV of which 
 is drank in a few hours after it is draw n fiom the tree, 
 and is moderately iwcct j the fecond and ihird forts are 
 made by fermentation, and by putting fevcral forts of 
 herbs and roots into the liquor. 
 
 " The religion of Mahomet is profcfled in Javi, 
 for which rcafon the natives do not make iiie of 
 wine publicly ; but in private few of them will refufc 
 it. I'liey alio chew opium, whofe intoxitatiii;; qua- 
 lities prove its recouimeiidalion to the natiies of 
 India. 
 
 " If wc exclude the ChiHeie, and the Indians of 
 different nations, who inhabit Uatavia and its envi- 
 rons, the inhabitants only amount to a fmall number, 
 not, a fifth part of whom are faiil to be Duichnicn, 
 even by defcent. The Poituguelc oiit-nunibcr ,ill the 
 European fetllcrs on the ifland. The troops in the 
 ferviccof the flatcsof Holland, are comiiol'ed of the 
 natives of ainioft all the natious of Luroje ; but the 
 greater part of them are (Jernians. When any pcr- 
 lon goes to refide at liatavia, ho is obliged to en- 
 ter firft as a fiildier, to fervc their company for five 
 years, Afterwarjs he apji'lcs f.>ra leave of abfence 
 to the council, which being granted as a thiieof 
 courfe, he engages in any buliiicfs that he thinks 
 proner to chule. There is however a fort of policy 
 in this matter, fince the Duich have thus alwavs a 
 force ready to arm and join their troops in this coun- 
 try upop aaiy emergency ; all places of po«er and pro- 
 fit are held by the Dutih, and no foieip;ner h.is any 
 fbare in the management of public aftairs, 
 
 Not- 
 
 •'.^ 
 
 '♦* 
 
231 
 
 1770 
 
 T tt E V O Y A G E OF 
 
 " NotW4th#antling all ttie men of other countries 
 are bound to ohl'erve the rules above-mentioned, yet 
 noinen from »l I parts may remain here unmolefted. 
 It appi.'nred'that the whole place could not furnilh 
 fifty females who were natives of Kurope ; yet the 
 town abounded with white women, who were dc- 
 fcendcd from Europeans, that had fettled there at 
 different times, all the men having paid the debt of 
 nature ; for fu it is, that the climate of Batavia de- 
 ih'oys the men much fafter than the women. Thefe 
 women follow the delicate cuitom of chewing betel, 
 after the example of the native Javanefc, whole drcfs 
 they imitate, and whofe manners they copy, in all 
 rel'pects. Mercantile bufmefs is conduifled at Bata- 
 via with the flighteft trouble imaginable. When a 
 . merchant receives an order for goods of any kind, he 
 communicates the contents of it to the Chincfe, who 
 arc the univcrfal manufai£lurers. ThcChinefe agent 
 delivers tlie cftcfts on board the fhip for which they 
 are bcfpoke, and talcing a receipt for them from the 
 mafler of the vefli'l, he delivers it to the merchant, 
 who pays the Chincfe for the goods, and refL-rvcs 
 a conliderabtc proht, without the lead trouble, rifque,. 
 or anxiety. But when a merchant imports goods of 
 anv kind, he receives them himfelf, and lodges them 
 in his own wap'houfcs. It may be wondereathat the 
 Chineic do not fhip the goods on tiicir account, but 
 from this they are rcftridcd, and compelled to fell 
 them to the merchants only. 
 
 The inhabitants of Java dlftinguifh the Portuguefe 
 by the name of Oranjiranc, that is, Nazarene-mcn ; 
 but thcfc ufe the general term of Crt*r, or Cajlr, 
 refpciling all who do not poflcfs the religion of Ma- 
 homet, and in this they include the Portuguefe. But 
 the Portuguefe of Batavia are fo only in name j for 
 they have neither anv connection with, or knowledge 
 of, the kingdom of Portugal, and they have changed 
 the religion of the church of Rome, for that of La- 
 ther ; with the manners of the natives, they are wholly 
 familiarifed, and they commonly fpeak their language, 
 though they are able to converfc in a corrupt kind of 
 Portuguefe. They drefs in the habit of the countrj', 
 with a difference only in the man«?T of wearing their 
 hair J their nofcs are more pciikid and their (kin of a 
 deeper caft than that of the natlvair. Some of them 
 arc mechanics and artificers, others fubfift by wafli- 
 iiig of linen, and the reft procure a maintenance by 
 hunting. 
 
 " 'I'helndian inhabitants of Batavia, and the coun- 
 try in its neighbourhood, are not native Javanefe, 
 but are either born on the feveral iflands from whence 
 the Dutch bring their (laves, or the offspring of fuch 
 as have been born on thofc idands ; and thefe having 
 been made free either in their own perfons or in the 
 perfons of their an>:e(k)rs, enjoy all the privileges of 
 freemen. They receive the general appellation of 
 believers of the true faith. 
 
 " The various other Indian inhabitants of this 
 country attach themfelves each to iheoriginalcuftoms of 
 that in which themfclves or their anccftors were born ; 
 keeping themfclves apart from thofe of other nations, 
 and praflifing both the virtues and vices peculiar to tlieir 
 own countries. The cultivation of gardens, and the 
 confcquent falc of flowers and fruit afford fubfiftence 
 to great numbers of them ; thefe are the people who 
 raile the betel and areca, which being mixed with 
 lime, and a fubftance that is called Gambir, the 
 produce of the Indian continent, is chewed by per- 
 fons of all ranks, women as well as men ; indeed 
 fome of the politer ladies make an addition of carda- 
 mom, and other aromatics, to take off the difagree- 
 ablc fmcU with which the breath would be othcrwife 
 tainted. Sonic of the Indians are very rith, keep a 
 great number of (laves, and live, In all refpefts, ac- 
 cording to the cuftom of their refjwftive countries, 
 while others are employed to carry goods by water ; 
 and others, again fubhft by fifhinc. 
 
 The Oranflams, or believers of the faith feetl prin- 
 cipally on boiled rice, mixed with a fmall quantity of 
 dried ihrimps and other fifli, which are imported from 
 
 7 , 
 
 China, and a little of t!i*Jft{h'bf1nlffatd««r(fchlclan<i| 
 they are fond of fruit, of which they cat large quan-' 
 titles, and with the flour Of the rice they make Ife' 
 veral forts of paftry. IVy fbmetincs m.'ikc very fu- 
 perb entertainments, after the ftifhion of their rcfpec- 
 tive countries} but, iit'general, they are a Very tem- 
 perate people ( of wine they drink very litsle, if an\', 
 as the religion of Mahomet, which they prufcfs, for- 
 bids the ule of it. 
 
 " When a marriage is to be folcmniftd ahiong tli« 
 Oranflams, all the cold and filvev ornamcnts.that 
 can be procured, are borrowed to deck out the young 
 couple, who, on thefe occafions, never fail to make the 
 moftfplendid appearance } fumptuous entertainments 
 are given by thofe who can afford them, which con. 
 tinue twelve or fourteen days, and frequently more, 
 during all which time the women take car* that th« 
 bridegroom fhall not vifit his wife privately, though 
 the wedding t-ikes place previous to.the feftival. 
 
 All thefe Indians though they come from different 
 countries, fpeak the Malay language if it deferveS 
 that nrmc. On the ifland of Java there are two or 
 three different dialects, and there is a language pe- 
 culiar to every fmall ifland ; it is conjedtured that 
 the Malay tongu ; is a corruption of the language of 
 Malacca, 
 
 " The hair of the people, which is black without a 
 Angle exception, grows in great abundance ; yet the 
 women make ufe of oils, and other ingredients, to 
 increafe the quantity of it : they fatten it to thq crown 
 of the head with a bodkin, having firft twifted it into 
 a circle, round which they place an elegant wreath of 
 flowers, fo that the Whole head'-drefs has a moft beauti- 
 ful appearance. It is the univerfal cuftom both with 
 the men and women, to bathe in a river once every day, 
 and fometiinesoftener, which not only promotes heal tii, 
 but prevents that contraiSion of filth, that would 
 be otherwife unavoid.ible in fo hot a climate. The 
 teeth of the Oranflams have fome particulars in them 
 well worthy of notice. With a kind of whetftoni; 
 they rub tlie ends of them till they are quite flat and 
 even 1 they then make a deep groove in the teeth of 
 the upper jaw, in tlie centre between the bottom of 
 each tooth and the gum, and horizontally with the 
 latter ; this groove is equal in depth to a quarter of 
 the thickiiefs of the teeth ; yet none of thefe people 
 have a rotten tooth, though according to the dentifts 
 of England and France, luch a thing muft be una- 
 voidable, as the tooth is placed much deeper thaq 
 what we call the enamel. The teeth of thefe people 
 became very black by the chewing of betel, yeC 
 a flight wa(hing will take off this blacknefs, and 
 they will then become perfeflly white; but they are 
 very feldom walhed as the depth of the colour it 
 very far from being thought difagrecable. 0\xi 
 i^urhor ohferves that moft readers muft liave heard 
 of the Mohawks; and thefe are the people 
 who are fo denominated, from a corruption of the 
 word amock, which will be explained by the follow- 
 ing ftory and obfervations. To run amock is to get 
 drnnk with opium, and tlien feizing fome offenlivo 
 weapon, to fallv forth from the houfe, kill tlve per- 
 fon or perfons fuppofed to have injured t|iq ^mock, 
 and any other perfon that attempts to' Impede bis 
 paflaire, till he himfelf is taken prifoncr pr killed on 
 the (pot. While Captain Cook was af Batavia a 
 perfon whofe circumftanccs in life were independent, 
 became jealous of his brother, intoxicated himlelf with 
 opium, and then murdered his brother, and twoother 
 men who endeavoured to feizc him. This man, con- 
 trary to the ufuni cuftom, did not leave his own houio,. 
 but made his refiftance from wi'hin it ; yet he had- 
 taken fuch a quantity of the opium, that he was 
 delirious, which appeared flora his attempting to fire 
 three mufquets, neither ofwh.ifh' had been loaded, nor, 
 even primed. Jealoufy of the women is the ufual re.\-. 
 fon of thefe poor creatures running amock [or a-inuck] 
 and the firit obJe£l of their vengeance is the perfon^ 
 whom they fuppbfe to have injured thero. Tm^ »ffi-, 
 cer, »hole bufloifs it is to apprehciid thefe unhappy' 
 
 wrctchci. 
 
 Oraa 
 
CAPTAIN C O O fi. 
 
 Ortnflams. 
 
 Wretches, Is fiirni(he<l with a long pair of tongs, in 
 order to taicc hold of thrm at fuch u diftancc from the 
 point of their weapons, as to infurc his perfonal 
 faiety. When he takes one of them alive, he is amply 
 rewarded j hut this is not often the cafe, as they arc 
 fo defperate as not to be cafily apprehended : v/hen 
 they are kilkd in tlic attempt to talic them, the officer 
 has only the ciiftomary gratification. Thofc who 
 arc taken alive are broken on the wheel, as near as 
 poirible to the place where the rirll murder was per- 
 petrated ; and, as they are feldom apprehended 
 without being prr.vioufly %vounded, the time of their 
 exKcution is fconcr or later, according to the opiiuoiis 
 of the phyficiins, whether the wounds arc, or arc not 
 mortal. 
 
 " The OraiOamsbelievcthatthc devil is the author 
 of ficknefs and other misfortunes, on which account 
 they make an oblation of meat and money, and other 
 things, to him, when they arc either fick or in trou- 
 ble. When they dream fucceflively for fevcral nights, 
 they have no doubt but th.it the devil has injoincd the 
 performance of fome aH, to difcover which, they 
 torture their brains in vain, and then apply to the 
 prieft, who never fails to interpret the dream in a 
 fatisfa<£tory manner. In confequcnce of this inter- 
 pretation, by which it appears that the devil is in 
 want of money and food, a quantity of each is i)laced 
 in the leaves of the cocoa-nut tree, and being hung 
 on the bough of a tree by the fide of a river, is left 
 till fome pjill'enger fliall hnd, and take away the mo- 
 ney, which is confidered not fo much an offering to 
 the devil, as a fine due for fome crime committed; 
 with regard to the food, they imagine that the devil 
 comes and fucks out the nutritive parts of it, with- 
 out moving it out of its place. — l'"rom this part of 
 the itoi y it lecnis reafonablc to conclude, that the 
 prieft h.iving previous knowledge where the oblation 
 is to be made, takes the money, and leaves the vic- 
 tuals. — 
 
 " The Chincfe inhabitants of Batavia arc like tholi 
 of their own country, fome of the moft induftrious 
 people on the face of the earth. They are embroi- 
 derers, dyers of cotton, taylors, carpenters, joiners, 
 fmiths, and makers of flippers ; fome of them are 
 ftiop-ktcpers and deal largely in the maiuifailures of 
 Europe and China. A few of thefe people live within 
 the walls of the town ; but the majority of them take 
 up their relidcncein adillrid named Champang China, 
 which is fituated without the walls. 'I'hole of the 
 Chinefc who live in the country, either keep huffa- 
 los and other cattli-, the milk of which they fell daily 
 at Batavia, or ihcv procure a fubfitlencc by the rail- 
 ing of rice and fugar canes, and the cultivation of 
 gardens. There is nothing, however infamous, 
 which a Chinele will refufe to do f r gain, except his 
 nock is in danger, [and this is the opinion of every 
 preceding writer,] (b that thefe people muft have 
 taken no fmall pains to eltaWilh their rcput.ation for 
 kna\ery. They l.iboiir •\'ah unwearied diligence, 
 but the moment they hive complcatcd their work 
 they fit down tr. dieo, ca\ds, or fome other expert art ; 
 and they fcillow -heir fports with fuch cagcrnefs, that 
 the hufmefs cf eating and flvcping is frequently fuf- 
 pendcd. I he clothes of the Chinefc, whether rich 
 or poor, are fiigularly clean and decent. Their be- 
 haviour is civil even to humility. They are fuch 
 tcmpcr.ue eaters that gluttony is unknown among 
 them ; hut ns tluir rcliijon docs not command them 
 to rcfiain from any paiticular food, they eat a variety 
 of things which are denied to thofe Indians who pio- 
 fefs the Mahometan faith. Kxclufivc of vegetables 
 and fifli of various kind*, their principal food confifts 
 of dogs, cats, li/.ards, frogs, ferpents of fcveral forts, 
 and hoa = . 
 
 " 'I he Chinefe have purchafcd of the Dutch, at a 
 very large cxpcnce, fevcr.il hundred acres of land in the 
 vicinity of Batavia, for the interment of the dead j for 
 it is a rule from which they never ilepart, not to open 
 a gr.ive v/hich has once received the body of their 
 countrymen : and hence arifes an enormous cxnence 
 • Vol. I. Nji. 
 
 in the piirchafe of land, which grcntly diflrcnis the 
 living, to pay an imaginary lionnur to tlie dead. In 
 order to preferve the body as long as poliihle from de- 
 cay, the coffin confifts of a piece of folid timber hol- 
 loived out : and this being covered with a' kind of 
 mortar fcveral inches thick, pctre.'ies in the ground 
 till It is as hard as a flint. The funeral is aitended 
 oy the near relations of the dcceafed, and by a train 
 of women who are paid for making lamentations. In 
 thefe '.'xpenfivc culloms, abfurd as they are, the Chi- 
 nefe ar,- equalled by the refl of th<ir Hatavian niigh- 
 boiirs, fir every perfon is buried with a degree of 
 fplendour proportioned to the rank he has held in life, 
 and there is a pofitivc law which enjoins the obfcrv- 
 ancc of this cultom ; in confequencc of \»hich it fre- 
 quently happens, that thole who have not money fuf- 
 ficient to pay ti.e juft demands on them, are buried 
 in a pompous manner, merely hccaufc they have lived 
 elegantly. In this ':afc, pcrlons arc employed to take 
 an account of what the man died worth, and tthcn 
 the funeral expcnccs are defmyed the furplus is divided 
 among the creditors." — 
 
 The various inhabitants of the ifland of Java, 
 whether Dutch, Portuguefe, or Indians, are all 
 waited on by flaves, whofe number is proportioned to 
 the circumflances of the mailer; hut there arc laws'in 
 force, that no native of the ifland Ihall fervc as a 
 flave. Thefe people, the number of which is very 
 great, arc bought at Sumatra, and other caftcrn iflands, 
 at varioi's prices, from ten to twenty poinul^j hut 
 there have been iiif^ances of very beautiful guls being 
 fold at above five times the common market price. 
 They are fed on boiled rice, and fuch tilh as can be 
 purchafed at the lowcft rates, a little of which fatis- 
 fics them, nor indeed do they deferve even the li:lle 
 they eat, for they arc idle and fluggifli in the hi-heft 
 decree. 
 
 The negros of Africa are purchafed at a lower price 
 than any other flaves, and inelced any price wh;'tcvcr 
 exceeds their merit, for they are of the moft obflinate 
 difpofition, and thieves, without a fiiiglc exception.' 
 Thofe flaves which are purch.ifed from the ifland of 
 Celebes arc molt intolerably lazy, and of fo ferocious 
 a difpofition, that tlieir employers run the hazard of 
 their perfonal fafety. The ifland of Bali furnifiies 
 the moft ufcful flaves ; and the little ifland Nias, near 
 Sumatra, fupplics female Haves of cxquifite beauty ; 
 but to thefe women death is the almoft certain 
 confequence of even a fliort rcfidcncc at Batavia.^ 
 The matters of any of thefe flaves may punifh them 
 in whatever way they chufe, foasnot todejirive them 
 of life; but when it happens that a flave dies of the 
 punifhmcnts he has received, the mafler is tried, and 
 commonly fiiffers as a murderer. From thiseircum- 
 ftancc it is reafonablc to fuppofe, that the matters are 
 cautious how they be.it the flaves, with undue feve- 
 rity ; it is not indeed very common for them to ftrike 
 them at all, but they pay an officer, who is called 
 the Marineu, for inflietiHg the punifhment. The 
 IMarineu having heard what is alUdgcd againtt the de- 
 linquent, determines how many ftripes he Ihall re- 
 ceive, and thefe are given by flaves, whofe particular 
 bufincfs it is to obey the commands of the ^larincu j 
 thefe ftrokcs arc laid on with rods made of rattan fplit 
 very fmall. I'or a fevcrc whipping the Marineu re- 
 ceives a ducatoon, and a rix-doUar for a flightcr 
 puniflimcnt. The women flaves are whipped in the 
 houfe of their matter; but the men publickly in the 
 ftrccts : in order that thefe flaves may not be under too 
 great temptations to ftcal, their matters arc coitipclled 
 to allow them feven-pencc half -penny weekly for poc- 
 ket nione^y. 
 
 There is fomcthingfingular in the fubordinati'onob- 
 feived among thcinhabitantsofBataviaand theadjaccnt 
 e-oiintrv. The man who has been longcft in the Eaft 
 India Company's fervice is |>ermitted to gild his coach, 
 while others are allowed to ride in co.aches diflferently 
 painted, according to the length of their ferviccs, 
 and others again, ride in thofe that are quite plain. 
 In like manner the coachmen are dreflcd in liveries 
 P P P that 
 
 .4;-., 
 
■is* 
 
 THE VOYAGE OF 
 
 1771 
 
 I 
 
 thr.t had agrfatcr or lefs qiinntlty o( lace on ,thcm, or 
 without any lact at all. 'I'lie lawycis ot'ij.itavia arc 
 partial in their adininiltration of jufticttoa very rcprc- 
 lienfihU-dcgrtf. AV'h-ii an Indian has committed any 
 crime dceni;.d worthy of dcatli, he is impaled, hanged, 
 or broken on the wheel, without ceremony j.on the 
 contrary, if a Chrilli.m is capiully conviiiledj cxecu- 
 tioti very (eldom follows the luuencc } and what is 
 more extraordinary, no pains are taken to ai)|)rehen<l 
 ihc offender, till time cnouijh has been allowed him 
 to rnn away if he thinks proper. The civil oAcers 
 <■){ jultice among the Chineic iind Malays arc called 
 rapl.iini; ami lieutenants, but their decilions arc not 
 final, if the party againit whom they may decide, 
 thinking hiinklf aggrieved, lliuuld appeal to iheDutch 
 lawyc r>, in « hich cafe, the J'.eilion of the latter muft 
 be abided by. The Dutch have laid conliderable 
 taxes on thefe people, aiming wlueh is one for the 
 permiflion to wear their hair. When thefe taxes be- 
 come due, which io once i month, they lioill a flagon 
 the top of a hoiifc nearly in the center of Batavia, and 
 tlie man who docs not Ijieidily go to pay his money, 
 has rcjfon to repent the emiirion. 
 
 The current mr;ijy o( this country is of different 
 Value, froih a Dutch doit to a ducat. When Captain 
 Cook was at !iatavia,Sp:tnirh dollars fold at 5s. and 5d. 
 e.ich, and the pi iir is feldom much lower. i"hc Chi- 
 ncfe would (j'.t (\'i!y the value of twenty (hillings 
 for an E:i^:l'.(li guinea that was .-ilmoft new, and for 
 thofe th.u were t>!d, and much worn, only feventecn 
 killings. The milled ducatoons of Batavia arc va- 
 lued at eighty rtivcrs ; thofe that arc unmillcd at fc- 
 venly-twoj the ducat at one hundred and thirty- 
 tv.o ; the imperial rix-dollars at fixty j the rupees at 
 tiiirty i the fchellings at fix ; the double flieys at two 
 and a half, and the doits at a quarter of a ftuer. 
 
 EjTJy in the morning of the 27th of December, 
 1770, the Lndeavour left the road of IJatavia, and 
 after f.veral hindrances, occafioned by the wind be- 
 ing contrary, (he flood over for the (hore of Java, on 
 the firlt day of January, J/"!. As many of the 
 (hip's crew who had been very ill while at Batavia, 
 were now become much worfe, the vclfel v.as brought 
 to an anchor in the afternoon of the 5ih near Princes 
 Ifland, v/ith a view to get fiunenrceflary refrc(hments, 
 and to take in wood and vater. Dr. SoUnder and Mr. 
 Banks now went on (hore with the captain, and they 
 were no focner landed than fome of the natives con- 
 duiled them to the king of the ifland, wiih whom they 
 endeavoured to make a bargain for fome catile, but 
 the price could not be agreed on. As the adventurers 
 had no doubt but that they (houlJ purchafe on iheir 
 own terms the following day, they 1. ft the Indians, 
 and proceeded in fearch of a pioper place to fill water, 
 uhich was found. As they were about to cnib.irk fjr 
 th; (liip, they foon purchafcd three tui tie from fome of 
 ih-; native^, but with thi.' ftriiilell injuiiiilion that their 
 fovcreivn flluul 1 not be informed of the tranfaclion. 
 On Smid.iv, tliefath of January, they purchafcd, at 
 very moderate prices, as many turtle as they had oc- 
 cilion for, and the whole (hip's company fed on this 
 delicious iifti. The king was at this time at a houfe 
 fituated in a rice field, »herc Mr. B;'..nks waited on 
 liim, and found him cooking his own vicftuals. On 
 Monday the inhabitants brought vegetables, deer, 
 li(h, fowls, and monkeys, for fale, and on the follow- 
 ing day they brought down a farther number of tur- 
 tle. As a fervant that Mr. Banks had hired at Ba- 
 ta\ ia had ;icquainted him, that there was a town 
 in the ifland, hii curiofity determined him to have a 
 view of it, and one of the officers of the (hip ac- 
 companied him on his vifit. As he was apprchenfive 
 tl.,U tlie natives would not be pleafed at his going to 
 the town, he told fuch of them as he met, that he was 
 (caking for plants, which i^ced, w.is a part of the 
 bufinefs of the day. Having come to a kind of vil- 
 lajr, confiding of a very few huufes, they a/kcd an 
 Ind:.ui tlieway to the town, and fome other particulars 
 rcfpcdiing it, who endeavoured to prevent their pro- 
 ceeding by reprcfe.iting it at a very great diftoncc. 
 
 When he faw they were refolvcd tr go fc.'ward, !> pro' 
 ceeded with them, making frcquLnt attempts to iiiillead 
 them. When they were in fight of the town, the In^ 
 dial! changed his behaviour at once, and led the way 
 to it. 
 
 This place, which contains between three and four 
 hundred houfes, iscalltd Samadang, and is divided by 
 a riycr iiito the old and the new town. Some of the 
 natives, whom the j;entlcmeii remembered to have 
 feen among thofe who had brought provifions for falcj 
 agreed to carry them from the old town to the new for 
 a trifling gratification. This was done by means of 
 two little canoes w jiich were lalhed together j and they 
 had no fooner reached the oppofite (horej than the In- 
 dians (hewed them the houfes of tijeir chiefs, and bc^ 
 haved othcrwife in the moll friendly Inunticr } but as 
 this was the feafon when the natives live in their rice 
 grounds, to favc their corn from the depredations of 
 the monkeys and birds, moft of the houfes were (hut. 
 After the gentlemen had feen every thing that they 
 thought worthy of notice, they hired a failiiig-borit, 
 which conveyed them to the (hip time enough for din- 
 ner i for the town of Samadang, though a confidcr- 
 able dillance from the place where the Endeavour lay 
 at anchor, is fituated only at a fmall diftance from the 
 fcvcoaft. While Captain Cook was on (hore on the 
 12th, giving orders to the people who were cutting 
 wood and filling water, he was told that one of the na- 
 tives had ftolcn an axe ; the thief was unknown, but 
 the captain refolving not to give occafion for future 
 depredations of this kind by taking no .notice of the 
 the firit offence, immediately applied to the king, and 
 in conl'equencc of this application, the axe was 
 brought down to the watering-place the next day. 
 The Indian who brought it back laid, it was left at his 
 huufe in the night ; but it was lufjieiited that he him- 
 fclf was the thief; Mr. Banks having fcveral times 
 vifited the king of tne ifland, and given him fome 
 trifles that were very acceptable, waited on him 
 for the laft time on the 13th of January, and grati- 
 fied him very much by a prilVnt of a (mail quantity 
 of paper. The king alked the rcafon why the Eng- 
 lifh Ihipdid not touch at the ifland, as was formerly 
 their culKim, when Mr. Banks attributeil the omiilioii 
 to the feareity of turtle, and advifed the king to breed 
 buffalos, (lictp, and cattle, for the accommodation 
 of his future vifitois. 
 
 After a ll.iy of ten days at Prince's Ifland, during 
 which they puiehafcd vegetables of various kinds, 
 fowls, deer, tuitle, &c. the anchor was weighed, 
 and the v^flel once more put to iia. Our voyagers 
 lay the ifland to the weft of the ftieight of Sunda, is 
 woody, and has been cleared only in a very kw places. 
 Our India (hips •.^k^ to touch at Princes Ifland to take 
 in water, but they have omitted this praitice for 
 fome years fincc, on account, as it is faid of the wa- 
 ter being braekilh ; yet the captain obfervcs that it is 
 exceeding good, if filled towards the head of the 
 hrook. 
 
 The fowls which were purchafcd at this place coll 
 about five-pence each ; the turtle three farthings a 
 jKiund, and other filh were proportionably chuip j 
 one hundred of the beft cocoa-nuts coftonly a dollar ; 
 and poinpions, pine-apples, and other fruits, were 
 equally cheap and plenty. The natives profefs the 
 religion of Mahomet, and are fo ftriit in thcobferv- 
 ance of thefcaft called Ramatlam, that they not only 
 abftain from food till the fun is down, but even from 
 the chewing of betel. The manners of thefe peo- 
 ple arc not unlike thofe of thcjavanefc, but they are 
 much more jealous of their wives i during the ten 
 days that the Endeavour lay l»crc, only one woman 
 was feen, and (he ran away the moment (he was dif- 
 covered. 
 
 The houfes are condruflcd in the form of an ob- 
 long fquare; they are built on pillars four feet above 
 the ground, and well thatched with palm-leaves, as a 
 defence fiom the fun and rain : the flooring is of bam- 
 boo canes, placed at a diftance from each other, to ad- 
 mit the air : thefe houfes confilt of four rooms, one 
 
 of 
 
Captain cook. 
 
 .ike 
 lor 
 
 va- 
 lis 
 the 
 
 P» 
 r i 
 
 L-re 
 the 
 
 rv- 
 iily 
 om 
 
 X,t)- 
 
 are 
 ten 
 ran 
 dil- 
 
 ob- 
 love 
 as a 
 ,im- 
 ad- 
 oiie 
 of 
 
 bf which is dcftincd for the reception of vlfitants j 
 thechihlreii deep in a fccond, and the two others arc 
 allotted, the one for the purpofc of cookery, and the 
 other for the bed-chamber of the owner and his ivifc. 
 The rcfidencc of the king of the ifland, and that of a 
 another pcrfon -^f great authority, has boards on the 
 fide, while the houfes of all the inferior people have 
 walls made of the bamboo cane, flit into fmall flicks, 
 and wrought acrofs the beams of the building in the 
 manner of a hurdle. The king of the ifland is fub- 
 jcd to the fultan of Bantam. Captain Cool: rcpre- 
 fcnts the natives as very honeft in their dealings, with 
 the fingle exception of demanding more than double 
 the fum they intended to fell for. The goods of each 
 fort which ilifFercnt perfons brought to market, were 
 all fold together, and the purchafc-moncy divided 
 among the levcral contributors, in proportion to the 
 quantity that each had given in to the general flock. 
 When they changed money, they gave 240 Dutch 
 doits for a Spanifli dollar. 1 he natives fpeak what they 
 call the language of the mountains, add fay, that their 
 anceftors came from the mountains of Java, where this 
 language is fpoken; that theyfirft fettled at New Bay, 
 where the tygers were fo numerous that they could 
 not live in (afety ; and therefore that they took Up 
 their refidencc on Princes Ifland : they however, are 
 capable of converfirtg in the Malay language. * 
 
 At the time the Endeavour left Princes Ifland, her 
 crew began to fcel^ in ail its force, the ill cfFeiSs of 
 the putrid air of Oatavia ; and foon afterwards the 
 fhip was a mere hofpital, filled with unhappy wretches, 
 finking under the rage of fevers and dyjenteries. In 
 the fpace of fix weeks, twenty-three perfons died, cx- 
 clufive of the feveh that had been buHcd at Bata- 
 via : thefe were nine feamcn, the corporal of ma- 
 rines, the (hip's cook, two of the carpenter's crew, 
 the carpenter and his mate, the old fail- maker, 
 who was in perfeft health when all the reft were 
 ill at Bataviai and his mate; the boatfwaih; Mr. 
 Monkhoufc, a midfhipman, Mr. Sporing; who ac- 
 companied Mr. Banks, Mr. Parkinroh,draughthrman 
 to that gentleman, and Mr. Qrecn the aftronomer. 
 
 The Ihip was brought to an anchor off the Cape of 
 Good Hope, on the 15th of March, 1771. The cap- 
 tain repaired immediately to the governor, who faid, 
 that fuch refreftiments as the country fupplied, (hould 
 be chearfully granted him ; on which a houfc was 
 hived for the fick, who were to have their board ahd 
 lodbing on the payment of two fllillings a day for 
 each mail. 
 
 At the time the Endeavour lay here at anchor, an 
 Englifli Eaft-Indiaman failed for the port of Lon- 
 don, that had buried above thirty of her crew, while 
 {he was in India ; and at that time had many others 
 Icvertly .ifHiiited with the fcurvy j fo that the fuffer- 
 ingsof the chew b{ the Endeavour; confidering her 
 long abfcnce from England, arc not at ^.11 fur- 
 priling. 
 
 • Amoni;ll otliti lu|Hrlliiioni, tlie people of Bativin are pol- 
 ftfTcil nt a notion iliat a wuiiiin i» never brouglit to bcil ot a 
 cliilj vvitlmut a crocndile's Iwing alfo brought into the wotUl; 
 wliicliil cv (ay ilic inidivilc conveys with great care ami tcnJcr 
 rcl» to Ionic adjacent river. It is tlietefore looked upon as a 
 duty fill ilic relations of this animal to put lood into tiie river 
 fur liim to lulifift upon 1 it is particularly expttlcd iliat tlie 
 twin brctlier fhoiild take this charge upon liini, liclicvinj; that 
 (leatli or lickncls at lead woiikl follow the oniillion. 
 
 In the illandi of Ilouion an<l Cclchcs, the natives keep Croco- 
 diles in ti.tir taiiiilies ; and ir is conicflurcd that this llranie no- 
 tion of the twin crocodile orif;in>tcd in one of ilitfc iffamls. 
 However that may lie, it extends ladward ,is far as Timor, and 
 iwllward as we have feen to Java ami Sumatra. The following 
 account may (crre to give the reader a more iwrfcft idea of the 
 opinions the Indians eiittttain ol thcic crocodiles, to which they 
 give the name of SitJtirtJu 
 
 " A vounj! \voiiian who was horn at Ilencoolcp, and had 
 learned fo much F.nj-liOi at ih.it place iw to render her language 
 inteIlii;ibleto Mr. Banks, told him, That her father, when on his 
 •leaih-licd, laiil the llriclell inlunflion on her to feed a crocodile 
 which he faid was hi-, ludara. iilic faid that he informed her ol the 
 name hy which the animal was to he called, which aniwercd to 
 White King," Accordingly, foon after h;r father's dece.ile, Die 
 LWlei.ed to ilie rivtr and luiuuioncd lici fuppolcJ rtlauun, who 
 
 They obfcrvcd tli.it tlio laiid oi'cr tlie C':ipe was 
 mountainous, anil totally Uirreii ; bcyoiui thilciiciiii- 
 t;iins the country is covered wiili a li;;!it fniul, « liih 
 will not admit cf cultivation: there ;uc indicd a lew 
 cultivated fpots, biit they are hardly more than ;< 
 thoufandlli part of t'lc whole cnui.tiy. I'rovifir.i. . 
 arebroiight to the Caju- fmui iht Jiiiimtc ci" nine liiui- 
 dred miles up the country, wliic!\ is ah cvlJeiit pioot 
 of its extreme fertility, notvvitliflai.diiiir whnr lias 
 licen heretofore written to the contrary. While Cap- 
 tain Cook lay here, a fanner came to the Capi', hring;- 
 ing his young children « ith I;ini, from a diftaiKe tliiit 
 took him fifteen d.iv.s journey j and on his bein;r afked 
 why he had not left his children with foiue niii;hbour, 
 he faid, there was no illhabit.^nt within liveilain 
 journey of his farm. There are no trees tluit ar.; even 
 two yards iii height, except in fome plantations in 
 the vicinity of Cape-tbwh. 'fhis town conlilts of 
 near a thoufand brick houfes, tlie outfides of which 
 being generally plaiflered, they have a very plcaling; 
 appearance. There is a canal in the main flreet with 
 two rows of oak-trees on its bordtr.^, which are in a 
 more flouriftiing ftate than the otlier trees of this 
 country : the ftreets, which crofs each olher at right 
 angles, are very fpacious and handlbmc. The inha- 
 bitants arc chiefly Dutch, or oi' Dutch extradion ; 
 the women are beautiful in a high degree, and pof- 
 fefs thofe blooming countenances which denote the 
 mort perfedl health j they arc mofl of tlicin mothers 
 of many children, and Captain Cook fays, they arc 
 the beft wives in the \yorld. 
 
 Although this country is naturally fo barren, as 
 fcarcely to produce any thing, yet the unceafiiig 
 induftry of its inhabitants has here fo cITtftuall/ 
 correftcd the foil that there arc few plates whert; 
 the heceflaries of life are more p!cntif.il, anil cvcii 
 wh.^.t are deemed luxuries, arc by iio means fcarcc. 
 The Conflaritia wine is known to be excellent, but 
 thegehuihe fort is made ouly at one particular vine- 
 yard a few miles from the town. The gardens pro- 
 duce many forts of European and Indian fruits, and 
 almofl all the common kinds of vegetables. The 
 cultivated fields yield wheat and barley of an equal 
 quality with that of the growth of England. The 
 Ihcep of this country have tails of a ^ cry extraordinary 
 fize, many of which weigh upwards of a dozen 
 pouhdsj the meat of this animal, as well as of the 
 ox; is very fine food ; the wool of the flieep is rathef 
 of the hairy kind, and the horns of the. black cattle 
 fpread much wider than thofe of En;;Iand, while the 
 beaft himfelf is handfomer and lighter made. Thfj 
 chcefe has a very indifferent flavour, but the butter is 
 extremely good. The pork of this country is nearly 
 the fame as that of Europe, ahd tl^ere arc abundance 
 of goats, but the inhabitants do not eat their flefti. 
 The country abounds in hares, altogether like thofe 
 of England. There are feveral fpetics of the ante- 
 lope i aplenty of buftards, and two kinds of quails. 
 
 The 
 
 nppcaring according to tlic fiinimons, ftic fed liim with iter own 
 luiu]s. Tliiii crocoililt' flit: dci'crihcd to be indiu btautitul than 
 the general race of reptiles, ;ttul Iniit that he hail a red nofe and 
 feveral fpots on Ids l)odv, and ohfcrved that hi:; Icct had orna- 
 ments of' Rold, ind iha^t he harl rinysof the fame precious me- 
 tal in his cars. A perfonwliofe mother was a hativc of Java, 
 and vvhufc father was ft Dutchman, being cnj^agcd in Mr. Banks's 
 fervicc at Bitavia, told that gentleman tliat fevural of the ifland* 
 ers, and Dutchmen, as well as himfelf, had ften fuch a croco- 
 dile, ornamented in the fame manner. When Mr. Banks re- 
 marked the ahfurdity of thcfe tales, and took notice that croco- 
 diles had no <*<ii5, the ftllow replied. That the (udaras dttiered 
 conliderably from oihcr crocodiles, and alfurtcd that they had 
 ears, which however, were very fmall i he .iddtti that ilicic 
 tonj^ucs filled their mouilis, and tiiat iliey had five rocs." 
 
 On the ifland of Batavia there are three tribes, which are 
 called Boetuns, Macall'ars, and Uougis. 'I'hefc people fiimly 
 believe ill the exillence of the fudara% and niremble at llated pe- 
 riods to feed them. At thele time^, havioi; laden a large boat 
 with provifionS, it is launched at a place wheie they fup)H)fe the; 
 crocodiles frequent, and they proceed with muHc tilloneof theni 
 IS feen, when they throw tobacco and provifions -JTcr-ljoard, as 
 a friendly offering;' tg the fudaras, invitinj; their relations ^hnag 
 the whuletime ol their cetcmuniet. 
 
236 
 
 THE VOYAGE OF 
 
 
 The Dutch company have a gnrdfn at the extremity of 
 the liigh llrcci, th.it is more than halt a mile in 
 length, in the center walk of vvhicli, arc a number ol 
 fine oak trees. A fmall part of this garden is covered 
 with botanical plants, but all the rell is allotted to the 
 production of th^- common vegetables for the kitchen. 
 'I'he whole is divided into fquarts by the form of its 
 walks, and each fquare is fenced in by oaks, cut into 
 fmall hedges. Tlicre is a menagerie of beads and 
 birds, many of them known in Europe, at the upper 
 end of this garden ; and among the reiV is the Coe Doe, 
 a bealt not Icis than a horfc, which has thofc fpira" 
 horns that have frequently found a place in the cabi- 
 nets of the curious. 
 
 Our author fays moft of the Hottentots fpcak the 
 Dutch langu.-'gc, without any thing remarkable, yet 
 when they corvcrfe in their native language, they 
 freqi] ntlyftcpandmakcaclucking with theirtonguei 
 whiin has a mod fingular and ridiculous efttft to the 
 cars of a ftranc;er j and, cxclufive of this clucking, 
 their language itfclf is fcarcely founded articulately. 
 Thcfi- people are niodeft to the utmoft degree of bafli- 
 fulnefs, and, though they are fond of iinging and 
 dancing, can haril', be prevailed on to divert thcm- 
 fclvcs with their favourite amufcments Ixforeftrangers : 
 both their finging and dancing arc alternately quick 
 and flow, in the utmoft extreme. Some of the Hot- 
 tentots underftand the art of melting and preparing 
 copper, with which they make plates, and wear them 
 on their forelieads as an article of finery. They arc 
 alfo capable of making knives fupcrior to thofe they 
 can purchafc of the Dutch, from whom they pro- 
 cure the iron. They have the art of making butter, 
 by ftiaking milk in the fkin of a beall ; with this but- 
 ter they anoint their fkins j or, when they cannot pro- 
 cure butter, they ufe the fat of the lliccp. The prin- 
 ci))al people are owners of immcnfe herds of cattle, 
 and thefe clothe themfelves with the (kins of lions 
 and other hearts, which are adorned with fringes, 
 not ill dtfigned. 
 
 The Hottentots are fo dexterous in throwing ftoncs, 
 that they will hit a mark not larger than a crown 
 ])lece, at the dirtance of loo yards. They are likcwife 
 expert in the u(e of arrow?, and of the lance called 
 an aflagay, the points of which they poiibn, fomc- 
 times with the juice of ji.irticular herbs, and fome- 
 times with the venom of a ferpcnt ; (o that a wound 
 received t'rom either thefe we.ipons is almoft always 
 mortal. 
 
 On the 14th of April, 1771, the anchor of the 
 Eiideavoui- was weighed, and flie once more put to 
 fea, but came to an anchor again before night, near 
 Robin Ifland. As a few vegetables were wanted, 
 which they had neglecled to take in at the Cape, the 
 captain fent off a boat to the ifland ; but, wlicn (he 
 re.iched the fliore, fomc Dutch foldiers forb.id licr 
 crew landing, at the hazard of their lives, and the 
 officers who commanded, very prudently returned to 
 the fhip. For fome time they were at a lofs to ac- 
 count for this behaviour on the part of the Dutch, 
 but it was at length recolleifled, that the Dutch go- 
 veinmcnt at the Cape of Good Ho))c, had afligned ihe 
 ifland for the- reception of offenders whofe crimes 
 were not deemed worthy of death, where their flavcry 
 confifts in digging lime Jlone, for fuch a number of 
 years as are thought proportionable to the heinoufneig 
 of their offence; and that a ihip belonging to Denmark, 
 which had buried moft of her hands, hud called at 
 this ifland, and taken on board a number of thefe 
 criminals, in order to navigate the vcflcl to Europe ; 
 hence the conduct of the Dutch foldiers was cafily 
 accounted for. 
 
 The fliip failed on the following day, when the 
 mafter of her died, having haftened his death by hard 
 drinking, though in other refpeiSs he left behind him 
 an excellent character. On Monday the ift of May 
 they came to an anchor off the ifland of St. Helena, 
 and failed from the road on Saturday, in company 
 with the Portland man of war, and fcveral fail of 
 Indiamen. They kept company with the man of 
 war and Indiamen till Friday the lOth, but Captain 
 Cook obferving, that they were out-failed by all the 
 other fliips, and confequently imagining that fomc of 
 them would reach England before him, made fignalt 
 to fpcak with the Portland, when the captain of the 
 vcffel came on board, and received from Captain 
 Cook a letter to the Lords oltl:e Admiralty, together 
 with a box in which were dcpofitcd the journals of 
 many of the oflicers and the fhip's log-book. 
 
 On the 23d they loft fight of all the fliips they fail- 
 ed in company with from St. Helena, and in the after-; 
 noon of the fame day, Mr. Hicks, the firftlteutenant, 
 died of a confuniption, with which he had been .af- 
 fliftcd during the whole voyage. From this time 
 nothing remarkable happened till the veffel came to 
 an anchor in the Downs, on the 12th of June, 1771, 
 having compleated the circumnavigation of the globe. 
 
 0.. 
 
 THE VOYAGE OF M. BOUGAINVILLE, ROUND THE WORLD. 
 
 .^^(.yj ... ^/ / ^ Undertaken by the Order of the French King. 
 
 1-66 
 
 M. Rouyiin- 
 Ti.lc cnij^rks 
 
 THE laft voyage of Captain Cook, according tol 
 the order of our Englifti circumnavigator', fliouUi 
 have been introduced before the following narration,! 
 vet wc are under the ncceffity of deferring it lor fomc 
 tim-, as we are promifed the afliftance of a gcntlcnan 
 of literary merit, who failed in the Refolution, and 
 who has fome curious remarks to make on thefe very 
 com|>lct^ new difcoveries made in the South Seas. — 
 
 The French having begun to make a fettlement on 
 Falkland's Iflands (called by them Ip! Mahuines) 
 in 1764, tliey were demanded by the Spaniards who 
 conceived then to belong to the continent of South 
 America. In order to fettle this matter, M. Bougain- 
 ville was fent out to deliver them to the claimants. 
 
 On the 15th of November, 1766, he failed from 
 tl'.e port of Mindin, having under his command the 
 frigate La Boudcufe, La Efmeralda, and La Liebrc. 
 Two Sp.inifh frigates were to join him in the river 
 Plata, to the commanding officer of which he was to 
 deliver the fettlement, and the L'Ktoilc ftore fliip 
 was to meet him at Falkland's Ifland. 
 
 The Boudcufe had been at fea only two days when 
 (lie encountered fuch a violent ftorm of wind, as 
 ■arricd away the clue of the fore-fail, broke the main- 
 top-maft, and took off the head of the main-maft. 
 •'I'hus fituated, M. Bougainville found it ncrcflary to 
 put into Breft to refit, and to make fome necc(('ary 
 alterations in the ftowagc of his (hip, which was ill . 
 calculated for withftanding the fury of tholi; feas he 
 was to pafs, and particularly fo for the navigation of 
 the fea round Cape Home. 
 
 On the 5th of December, M. Bougainville failed 
 from the harbour of Breft, having on board the Prince 
 of Naffa-Seighen, three gentlemen who went as vo- 
 lunteers, eleven officers in commiflion, and warrant- 
 oflicers, feamen, foldiers, fervants, and boys, to the 
 number of two himdred. On the 17th they wore in 
 fight of the Salvages, a fmall flat ifland, which at 
 eacli end rifcs into a hillock : the next day tliey faw 
 the ifland of Palma, and that of Ferro, on ti'.e 19th. 
 M. Bougainville was now convinced of a great error 
 in his reckoning, which he attributed to tli';: rapidity 
 
 • of- 
 
M. D O U G A I N V r L L E. 
 
 2J7 
 
 of the currents oppofite the flmiphts of Gibraltar. 
 This he corrcclcd, took a ficfh dtii-iidirc, and arrived 
 at Rio de la PInia, withuut mciiing with any thing 
 worthy of notice. 
 
 On the evening of the 29th of J.iiiuary they f.iw 
 Rio <lc la I'iata, but ns thi- night w.is dark and tcni- 
 peftiimis, they lay to, with the head of the vellel to- 
 wards the ofHn,T. Tlie next morning they li.id a view 
 of the mountains of Maldonadu. Here the Sjianiard> 
 have a fmall garrifoned town, in th: vicinity of which 
 arc piekcd up fomr tranfparcnt Itones j and tliero is 
 lilccwife a gold mine near it, which has been worked 
 for a few years pall, but to Utile puipoli-. 
 
 The Boudeuie came to an anehoi in the b:iy of 
 Montevideo on the jiff, and there the two Spanilh 
 ftlips, which were to take pod'eflioii of Falkhnid's 
 Ifl.inds, had been at anchor for Ibme weeks. Don 
 Philip Riiio Pucnte, the principal in command of 
 the Spanifll vellel having been ap|)ointed (governor 
 of the illands which were to be fiirrendtrid by the 
 French, accompanied M. Bougainvilic tu Buenos 
 Ayres, to fettle with the (.jovernor f;eneral, the mode 
 of making the ccflion •, and the I'linee of Nalliiu- 
 Sei'rhcn attended in this expedition. 
 
 The gentlemen made the ioya(;e in a fchoonrr ; but 
 a contrary wind preventing their pafi.i;;! by lea, they 
 went on ftiore above tlie colony of San Sacramento, 
 and travelled over a prodij^ious exniit of country, in 
 which there were no road>, and where the eye was 
 their only guide. During this expedition, they llept 
 in little hovels conltrudltd of le.aher, while the 
 tygers howled round tliem on every fide. M. Bou- 
 gainville remarks the manner of their paflins; the 
 river St. Lucca, whicii is wide and deep, yet nmaz- 
 inaly rapid : bring placed in a long narrow canoe, 
 one lide of which was beyond all pioportion hiiilur 
 than the other, a horl'e was fallened on each full- of 
 the velTcl, th^' mnllcr of which pulling ufF ;ill his 
 cloalhs, got into it, and fuppoitint; the heads of the 
 horfc3 above the furface of the ilreani, drove them 
 acroCs it in the bcft manner he could, and with fonie 
 difliculty they ftcmmed the rapiditv of tiic torrent. 
 Having tranfai'.Ud his bufinefs at Buenos Avrcs, he 
 returned to Montevideo, on the i6tl of February 
 and was followed in a few days by tlie Spanifli gover- 
 nor, Don Pucnte. Some necefl'aric': of various kinds 
 being taken on board, the vefl'els were prepared to 
 failing to Falkland's Idand. The voyagers having 
 caufed a fmall velTel to be laden with cattle for the u'.c 
 of the fliips crew, they failed in conip.iny, on the 
 28th of February, 1767, a pilot, acquainted with the 
 coaft of Falkland's Idand, having been previoudy 
 put on board each of the Spaniflj ftiips j but this day 
 they were forced to anchor on account of the thick- 
 ncfs of a fog, which prevented their feeing land. The 
 winds now proving contrary, the flii|)s remained at 
 anchor the following day ; but as the current of the 
 river ran ftrongly in their favour, M. Bougninviilc 
 fent to acquaint the Spanifll comm.mder, that l-.is 
 velTel being too near the Engl i(h fand-bnnk, off the 
 Ille of Flores, he thought it would be piopur to fail 
 on the following day, even if the wind Ihoiild not 
 change in their favour. To this the Spanifh oftlcer 
 replied, that his pilot refufed to weigh anchor till the 
 wind became fair, and blew Heady, on which Don 
 Pucnte was acquainted, that the anchor of the Bou- 
 deufe would certainly be weighed cirly the next morn- 
 ing, and th.it (he woiiM cither anchor more to the 
 north or ply to the windward, waiting fur tlic Span- 
 iOi fliips, unlefs they fliould be unavoidably fcpnrated 
 
 Vol. I. N'zi. 
 
 * M. R.iuj'ainvillc olifcncs, that FalkbiKl's Idsnds have l>ccn 
 hui little known till witliii-, tliclc Lm years. Thcv are coin- 
 monlv rcpiercntctl as bcin^ covrrcd with wood'-, luit this niif- 
 take nt!f»ht very well liapiKii ii\ tlic .-icimints i»t lliofe who only 
 faw tlitm from on boaitl a (hip, tor wliat arc taken for woods 
 arc till rullie?, wliich grow vcrv dole tGirtthcr, and tt;c (lalk 
 beinK dry to tlie Itciglit of live feet t'tnm the ground, .1 lari{c 
 tuft fprings from ilic top of it, fo tliat tliiir ni^mhtr, .tnd ttie 
 mantlet in which they grow, fvuni fonie rcftiuMjnit of a wood. 
 In ill' (r I J94, Sir Richard Hawkins had fi^hlot thefc ifland^, 
 
 by the violence of the weather. The fmall vcffel 
 "adcn with cattle had not icine to an ;'n :hor the pic- 
 ceding night, nor was IIil- leen any more during the 
 voyage, but it was afterwards le.unfd tli.it Ihe wiiit 
 back til Montevideo, after an alil, nc : of three weeks 
 Irom that place. The night had been I tc-mpeflunns 
 that all the fliips dragged thtir anchfsr-, aini in the 
 morning the Spanilh villlls were idii rvod witli their 
 main-yards Uwered, and their top-mails handed ; the 
 Boudeuie, however, made Lil, and got otit of the 
 river bcfi'ie night, leaving the Sjjani.irds llill at an- 
 chor. M. Bougainville h.ul van.d)K iml chiifly bad 
 weather, tdl the 2 jd of the moii'h, when he < inie to 
 an anchor in the bay of I'.dkland's Illanils, wlitrethc 
 S|ianini vellels alio anthoitd, ( 11 the ilay fidhjw^ng. 
 ThtlV lali li.d fuiKreil eMnnicly thiouv,.i the iiicle- 
 laency of ih.; wea..i '( the cabin wimlows of Don 
 I'ucii'.c's liiip had iiivn broken by the violence of tlic 
 \vaves, fi) tlut '.'.iv' lea for Ioiik time pouied into her 
 in torrents ; and a niiinbir ot catti- , d llined for the 
 ufe of the colony at F'alkland's Ill.uul-, died on thi; 
 paflage. On the ill of April, .\i. Bru,:;.iiiu ilie, in 
 the name of the French Kling, funeiid;ud t'u- ill iiid 
 to Don Puentc, v. ho receivtj it for his iViult C'.th lie 
 Majefty, «ith the ccremi.ny of hoilfing the S; .1 .111 
 colours, and the firing of guns from the ihips, ,iiid 
 on ftiore. M. Bougainville then read a It ttor, in \i iiich 
 his foveri ign grained le.ivc 10 fu.:i of the iiih.ib;...iits 
 as chofe to cniuiiuie their ri'fideiKO, to be under th(! 
 dominion of Spam i thisolfii ,■■ accepted by li.me, 
 while others embarked wiili tn- ganilm and ocro 
 conveyed to Montevideo in thi Spiii.lli lliips. The 
 whole expenceof the French fettknn at loihe time- it 
 was Jilivcred to the Spaniards was ( ■ j,oco li\ res, but 
 as his Mod Catholic .'. aj city look the iliip s provilKms, 
 and all Uores of every kind, he n ii..biirii,-d this lum.* 
 I'he French having eoim- 10 a relolunon of kiid- 
 ing a colony to fettle on Falkland'-. Iflands, M. 
 Boti.ijaiiiville had, in the beginning of the year 
 
 1767 
 
 176. 
 
 nadc an oft'cr to ellablifli the f-tileineni at his 
 
 cxpcnce, and tliat of two ol his near nlatioiis, M. 
 d'Aiboulin and AT. de Ntrville. Tlii^ being .iccepted, 
 the Frenchmen gave ordcrsfor the building and equip- 
 ment ot a (hip of twenty, and another of twelve gun?, 
 the foriTier of which w.is called tlie F'ag'e, and the 
 latter the Sphinx ■. and .is foon as thife veiVcIs luJ 
 taken in fuch (lores- as were necefl'ry for the voyajc, 
 and for making the fcttlcment, ,M. lioigaii.v die l..w- 
 ing previoudy engaged fome Ac.dian jan.iiiei, cm- 
 b:.rked his officers, leamen and lettlers, .1 rid failed from 
 the port of St. Maio, on the 15th of Sept mber, 
 176J. It was foon rcfolved to fuiin .he f'ttieniciit on 
 the co.ift of this bay, and thcconni-andei iiiiu.ediately 
 began to take a furvey of the inland, to learn hat it 
 produced. He obferves that various kinds of v\nter 
 and land fowl, and li(h, were all its edible produc- 
 tions ; and though there grew no wood, eillur for 
 firing or other purpofes ; this deficitney in M. Bou- 
 gainville's opinion .■ •j.ht h.ive b"en well upplicd 
 by excellent kind of turf, which was aliiu.;! every 
 where to be found in great .ibiindance. On the firit 
 .irrival of thefe adventurers, it wasan alton'lhiiig lleht 
 to behoUl the birds fltick lotinJ th.ni with rvnieiit cu- 
 liofity, bu' without the hall litosof tear : thefe harm- 
 lefs animals ufcd to perch on ehofe who were (landing 
 flill, and would at all times fubmit to be taken 
 with the hand: hiittliey very foon learnt to be fliy of 
 the company of thofe who fought onlv to defliov thetn. 
 The colony confifted of nineteen men, five women, 
 and three children i andM. Bougainville having lixecl 
 Q.q q on 
 
 and called tlieni Hawkins's Maiden Iflaiulii; lie fats lie law til Cs 
 on them, and that tf.e-y were then inlialiitetl : alifjut tlic com- 
 mencement of the prelcnt ce-ntury, a French (hip, called the St. 
 I.ouis, can\c to an anchor on the coatl, under the Ihelter of the 
 ides of Arican, which are foiiic linail iH.inds fo called after 
 the priv.iicer of that name, but the cuiinnander of the St. [.uuia 
 did notihinkit worth his while to examine the counir\', yet M. 
 Bougainville fays it is well calculated for iheltering vctTela 
 bountl to ihc South Seas. 
 
2 38 
 
 1767 
 
 THE V <,) Y A CJ E O ;■ 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 IfluuU fur- 
 icntlcrcd l>.- 
 trie Frcncl) to 
 the SpaniauU 
 
 on tile fpot for tl\clr rrfidcncr, tlicy lull no time in 
 biiilJin:; liuts which ihcy civcrLcl with iiiflu'^, to 
 protL-d ih'.'ni I'lorti l\\v indcnuiicy of ihc wt.itlicr. 
 'I'hiv likcwiic Imilt a ni.ig.uinc, and crvIcJ a Inuill 
 fort, in thi- ccnirf of which thiy ralfcd an obtlilk, 
 ;in(l under it tlicv had placed fcvcral pieces of money, 
 and a m.dal, on •iie li.li.' of which was the head of tlic 
 French kinj; wi'.h th^' following; motto, Tibi Jhvuil 
 iillima ThuU ; and on the otlier (ide of the mcJal was 
 this infcription : — " Sttilcment of the llles Ma- 
 louins, fituatcd in 51 deg. ip min. of foutli Int. and 
 65 deg.\^o min. wc(l long, from the meridian of P.iris, 
 by the Kagle frigate, Captain P. J)uclos, (iiiyat, 
 cnpt.iin of a fire-lhip, and tlic Sphinx (loop Captain 
 r. Chenard dc la Ciiraudis, lieutenant of a frij'jate, 
 iqiiipiied liy Louis Antoine de Bougainville, colonel 
 of intantry, captain of a (hip, chief of the expedition, 
 G. de Nerville, captain of infantry, and P. il'Ar- 
 houlin, poftnialKr general of Franco; conllrui.'tion 
 of a fort, and an oiielilk drcoraled with a medallion 
 of his Majelfy Louis X\ . after the plans of A. 
 L'Huillcr, en'.^ineir and of the lield and army, ferving 
 in tills expedition ; during the admiiiiftration of L. 
 d-,' Choifeuil, duko of Stainville, in Fcbriiarv, 1764." 
 M'jiif. Bougainville having proniiled the fettlers, that 
 he would foon bring them more companions, and give 
 them farther aflilhncc, his relr.tion Monf. dc Ner- 
 ville, .agreed to Hay till his return from France, as 
 well to be an hoftiigo for the performance of de Bou- 
 gainville's promife, as to encourage the young colo- 
 nills by [>articipating in every h.-.rdfliip ami danger to 
 which they might be expofed, in a ilation fo removed 
 from all communication with the rcll of mankind ; 
 and in return for Monf. de Nerville's kind compliance 
 with the widi of the fettlers, he was to be conlidered 
 as their governor. On the 8th of April, 17O4, Monf. 
 Bougainville weighed his anchor, and failed for 
 Europe, having (irib taken pofleiUon of the iflamls in 
 the name, and for the ufe of his moft Chriltian Ma- 
 jclh". 
 
 in the month of January, 1765, lie again vifitcd 
 Falkland's Iflands, where he found the fettlers in good 
 health, and pleafed with their fituation. After he had 
 landed the (lores which he had brought for their ule, 
 he ("ailed to tlicStreiglits of Maghellan, where he took 
 in tmiber, and paliladoes and a number of young 
 trees for planting on Falkland's Klands, which place 
 he again le(t, on the 27th of A]>ril, when the whole 
 number of colonics were only twenty-four. While 
 Monf. de Bougainville was on the above-mentioned 
 expedition in the Strcights of Maghellan, he (aw the 
 fhips under the command of Conmiodore Byron, as 
 we have already mentioned in the relation of that gen- 
 tleman's vovagc. 
 
 'I'hccolonilfs on Falkland's Klands were increafed 
 to about one hundred and fifty by a number of fettlers 
 which fiiUd from France in the Kagle, in the year 
 1765. This fliipwas accompanied by the little (lore 
 Ihip which carried provifions to the inand. By this 
 time the governor, and an ofiiccr who took care of 
 the (torc^, had good houfes built of ftonc, and the 
 red of the colonills were loilged in commodious huts, 
 having walls compodd of fods of eaith. With the 
 wood which Moni'. Bcnigainvillc had brought from 
 the Stiei >hts of Maghellan, they had built fevcial 
 (mall vellMs ad,ipted to examine the coafts of the 
 iilaiul, and three magazines were by this time creiSed, 
 in which the public and private (lores were to be dc- 
 polltcd : fcveral kinds of grain uhich had been brought 
 (Voni France, grew viry well, and prcmifed a fufli- 
 tient encrcaie; anil fomc train oil had been made; 
 .ind (Val-(kins prepared by the fettlers, with which the 
 Lagio was loaded. ■ 
 
 I Accordin'r to M. Bougainville's account this was 
 ti.e ilate of Falkland's Klands when the French made 
 
 * When an Eniilifli colony li.iil lioen fetilcil at I'orf Epmnnt, 
 in lie rear 17". Cap-. M.cl'.ii.le ot ihe Jaton Irigalc, vililul 
 il.t 1 icnch fciili-niciu, wli.n .Mr. Buugainville f.iys, " he pic- 
 
 a (urrender of them to the Spanini,!:. \~ to tt.n 
 great iiucltion of the right o! po(le(!ion, which i\L 
 Bougainville (ays belonged to^p..in, It will be necef- 
 fai V to conlidei wlietlur the Spaiu.irds lud le.dly a 
 prior right to the lei 1 itory. 
 
 'I'he(c idands, the reader will recolhe'l, were (ern 
 by Caveiididi in the year 159^; Capi.i'n Dampier had 
 al('u (ightof them; and Sir Richard Hawkins lallinj; 
 in with them, gave them the name o( Hawkins's 
 Maiden Lanil, Scbald de Wei'l al(o (aw them, and 
 gave them the iiaineof Sebald's llles, by which name 
 they are laid down in the Dutch charts. I'hev were 
 feen by Dampier in i()8j, and in i(j89 by Strong, 
 who called them Falkland's Klands, but the fiilt 
 Frenchman who faw thcin was (jouin, which was 
 not till the year 17CO. Surely from this flatc of the 
 evidence it does not appear that the Spaniards vifited 
 theinatall,and it fecms the French were thclall vifilurs, 
 vet .M. Bougainville would have iis believe, that the 
 Spaniards had the prior claim to their po(fe(rion, and 
 that this claim having been rntitied by the French, is, 
 in his opinion, indKputablc, 
 
 M. Bougainville gives us the following account 
 of Falkland's Klands, which he (ays, is the refult 
 of the obfervations of his kinfman, M.de Nerville, 
 who rcfidcd on the fettlement three years. " C)a yj' 'j>'"J>l' 
 the (ir(f arrival of the French, there was not an ob- "''"''^"' 
 jeiSl (truck their view, except the commodioufnefs of 
 the port in which the fliip lay, which could tempt 
 them to take up their refidcnce on fo inhofpitable a 
 fhoie. The land was in many places broken in upon 
 by the fe» : the mountains being without wood, had 
 amort barren apjieaiancc, the fields looked dreary for 
 want of houfes and inhabitants; an univerfal filence 
 reigned, except when the howling of fomc fea monflcr 
 dirturbed the folemn ftillnefs ; while a dull and gloomy 
 famene(s of appearance added horror to the whole pic- 
 ture. Though this Iccnc appeared very difeouraging, 
 the adventurers knew all would yield to time and dili- 
 gence, and that the labour of the indullrious would 
 not go unrequited : indeed ("omc conlblation arofe in 
 their breads, on viewing the place in a more favour- 
 able light. 'Fhe climate had that kind of tempera- 
 ture likclv to artbrd health, ftrength, and long life, 
 and was therefore preferable to the noxious air of thole 
 regions where the (ickcning inhabitant faints under tlie 
 li.orching heat of the vertical fun. The ifland produced 
 a number of pkints, admirable in tUc cure of the (cur- 
 vy, and othe; diforders incidental to a fea-faring life ; 
 the fifli and the birds were cxquifitely delicious, and 
 there were amphibious animals in immcnfe numbers, 
 while there were none I'f the fierce or the poifonous 
 kind ; cafcades and rivulets fell from the moun- 
 tains, which latter flieltercd the fifherman from 
 ihe violence of the v inds, fo that he could fport 
 or labour in the fpacious bav in pcrfcft fecuritv ; mea- 
 Jows of an immcnfe extent, promited conrtant pa(- 
 turage for any number of Hocks and herds, which 
 might feed at picafurc, undifturbcd by any tyrant lord 
 o( the foil. Thefc various advantages in the opinion 
 of the French, were fufficicnt to rccompcncc them 
 for the dangers and fatigues of the vnyagc, and a 
 pledge for the (nil reward of their future labour. 
 
 " J'lie fituation of Faiklend's Klands is between 
 51 and 52 degrees and a half ot fouth latitude, and 
 (ixly-five degrees and a half of weft longitude from 
 Fans. From the entrance of the Strcights of Mag- 
 hellan, and from thecoaft of Patagonia,, their diftance 
 is about two hundred and fifty miles. 
 
 " 'Fhe harbours are large, and well defended byfmall 
 iflands, inoft happily difpofcd, and even the fmallell 
 vcfTcls may ride in (afety in the creeks : while frefli 
 water is ca(ily obtained, as the fniall rivers that dc- 
 fccnd from the mountains difcharge themfelvcs into 
 the fea. The tides do not rife and fall at any dated 
 
 times. 
 
 " tcnilcil tliat thofc parts liclongcil to Ms Britannic Majcftv.threa- 
 '• icneJ to land Ijy fmcc if lit flioulil lie ilcnitil that liberty, vi- 
 " I'acd the (jovctiiur, aoJ failed away the fame day." 
 
-4- 
 
 ( The ilUnds 
 dclciiLicil' 
 
 M. BOUGAINVILLE. 
 
 times, but depend on the force with which the wirul 
 agitates the waves of the fca ; it was, howcvor, oli- 
 ferved, that jiill bcfure hijj;h watci, the Tea rilts arni 
 Tubfides, with a quick inution, three tinus wiihiii 
 fifteen minutes ) and that at the full uf the nioun, and 
 during the ciiuinoxcs an<l fulltices, this motion is 
 much j;ri.ater than at any other time. Thofc winds 
 that blow from between the fouth and weft, and ihi 
 north and weft points, prevail more than others, but in 
 general the winds vary as in other countries. In fum- 
 nier the winds ufually blow from fome point bctwciii 
 the north-weft and fouth-weft. It is reinarkabU-, that 
 thefe winds rife with the rifing fun, incroalc in forte 
 as the fun advances to the meridian, blow moft vio- 
 lentlyjuftat noon, decreafe again with the declining 
 fun, and totally ce.ifc about the time of its fctiiiij;. 
 The tide alfo frequently adds to their violuicc, 
 and not unfrequently changes their dirciitioiis. — 
 The quarter from whence the winds blow in winter 
 is a certain indication of the weather. If they come 
 from the fouth-eaft they arc not fo violent as the fum- 
 mer winds from the fame quarter) but they are ac- 
 companied with flight fogs. When they blow between 
 the fouth and weft points, hoar froft, hail and fnow, 
 arc the certain confequences ; and the weather is wet 
 and foggy, when they come from the poii\ts between 
 the north and the weft. The fnow which comes with 
 the fouth and weft winds, is but fmall in quantity, 
 and commonly difuppears from the ground in a day or 
 two, except what lodges on the fummits of the high 
 mountains, where ' >vill remain about two months. 
 The running ftreairis are never frozen, and the lakes 
 and ftagnant pools have feldom been covered with ice 
 ftrong enough to bear the weight of a roan for two 
 days together. In the fpring and autumn there are 
 light hoar frofts, which being changed to a kind of 
 dew by the warmth of the fun, are rather nouriftiing 
 than prejudicial to the vegetable produdlions. There 
 is feldom any thunder or lightning, nor is the climate 
 hot or cold in any extraordinary degree. Throughout 
 the year the nights in gener.il arc ftar-light, lerene 
 and fair ; and upon the whole the climate is very fa- 
 vourable to the conftitution. The frc(h water of 
 thefe idands is extremely good, and in great plenty : 
 the bed of fome of the rivers is a kind of tuft, which 
 gives a yellow caft to the water, yet does not afFeift its 
 taftc, but the bottom of moft of the rivers is either 
 fand or gravel. 
 
 " The depth of the foil in the valleys is more than 
 fuflicicnt for the purpofes of plowing; but before the 
 adventurers could proceed to cultivation, they were 
 obliged to extraift the roots of the plants, which every 
 where interfciittd and choakcd up the ground for near 
 a foot deep. Thefe roots they dried and burned, and 
 they then made a rich manure for the ground from 
 which they had Iwen cleared. Under the firft land 
 is a layer of black earth, ten inches or more in 
 depth ; and under th.tt again is likewife found a 
 yellow foil, beneath which are ftones and flate, but 
 tlicfe ftones are not found on the little adjacent idands. 
 The fea coafts arc in moft places compofed of ftones 
 vhich are very fit for the purpofes of building : and 
 there are beds of a hard, fine-grained ftonc in feveral 
 fpots on this ifland ; likewil'c another kind of ftones, 
 in which are particles of talc. The fettlers found a 
 kind of ftone which fplit in pieces cafily, and with 
 which they made grinding-ftoncs, to give an edge to 
 their inftruments. In the quarries they met with a 
 ftone of a yellowifti hue, which when firft taken out 
 was fo foft as to be cut with a knife ; but it foon grew 
 ■ hard when expofed to the open air. The ifland like- 
 wife yielded earth fit for making biicks and potters 
 ware, and plenty of fand and clay. In many parts of 
 the country there were marftiy places, which produced 
 a fort of rulhcs with (liarp points, the remains of the 
 roots of which being continually wafting, formed the 
 tiirl that was ufed for firing, which burneil exceeding 
 well, and had nothino;oftVnfive in its fmell. 
 
 A plant of the foramen kind grows on a kind of 
 ftalk which has a fweetifti flavour, and is extrem-My 
 
 nouriftiing for c;ittle,\v!M) like it hcttT than nr,y'.;litr 
 kind of iKilhirage. '("his plant ll iirillRS on tin- f a- 
 coalls, on the htlleillcs, where it hi nils till l.ie H.ilks 
 unite, forming a kind of h.itbi.ur, to wliieh the lea- 
 ions and ili>' leals oceallon.dK- p :rent. Tlie iMUeii- 
 liiivrs, In fivcral excm fioiis, louiul thcfe iiaiur i!-lniilt 
 lioufes a very agreeable djeiite agaiiift ill ■ inclemency 
 of the weailier, and the more fo, as llie dry leaves 
 which h.id fallen i ft', formed a I'ort of riilt'C bed. 
 The ahove-ii.cnlioiu'ilpl mt is th. I:irgc(ttli,it ;:rows on 
 the illaiid, uliieh liktwiie proiuiees many Ihriibs ihat 
 were vet) afeliil in hcatin;; ovens, and other puipi.f.s 
 of firing. A fort of heath grows in grra; pi n:y 
 there, iind bears a red fruit, "which is eaten by ihe 
 fowls and biidy. A plant was difeovered wli.ch re- 
 fiinhles a (hiiih, which having; Ixui talk I, was 
 
 thoiisiht fit ('jr the biewinir of tv 
 
 happ 
 
 the co- 
 
 'J>) 
 
 i:^ 
 
 lonills were fiipplied w ith malt ;!nd inol.'llt s to whuh 
 they added the b; er plant, and wore enabled at -.ditimes 
 to brew a very wholeloine kind cif t'pniej-b 'ir, which 
 was an admirable fpecific for the feurvy. This plant 
 was likewife infufed in water, in u hleh tl'.-,-fe v.ho had 
 contrafled any illiuf-, while out at fea, bathed thein- 
 felvcs, and it was found to bea liiie relloratr.e : wiien 
 prcfled, it yielded a mealy fiibdaiKcvf a IVa^r.int fmell, 
 and of a glutinous nature. The leav.s of it were; 
 fmall, of a clear bright green, and dentatcd.— — • 
 Other vegetables in abundance were found, wliieti 
 were ufed as antifeorbutics, paiticularly WPtt r-crell' -, 
 forrel, wild parfley, a kind of maid; n-h.iir, and a 
 fpeciesof celery. Here was a kind of refinoir !;iiin- 
 plant, which feems to be entirely unknown in all i^ther 
 parts of the globe. Though this i-' called a plant, it 
 is without leaves, branches, or any other app^'rent 
 ftalk J and except in colour, which is that of a bright 
 green, it more refembles a lump ot earth rifiir..; from 
 the common furf.iceof the ground. It docs not grow 
 to the height of mon: than ciglitcen inches, and its 
 brcidtli in diflerent plants, is from two feet to two 
 yards and upwards ; the finalUr plants hive the form 
 of an hemifphere, and their cii.iiii.tir, ii' e is regular, 
 but when theyeome to the full fi/.e, tlity tcrminati- 
 in irregular bunches and hollows ihiie are drops of 
 tough yellow matter a-, big as a pea on dift'ereiit parts 
 of its furface, which In ell like tiir|ientine. M. 
 Bougainville having cut this jdant clofe to die f,r<iiiti J, 
 found that it arofe from a ftalk, from wlileli t;rcw 
 an immcnfe number of ilioots, coiiililing o( leaves 
 refembling ft.irs, varying one within th;- other. 
 The outhdes of thefe Ilioots, wiiieli are ivpofedto 
 the air are green, and the inful-s white: they con- 
 tain avifcid milky juice, which is l;!.ewif> f und in 
 the roots and the ftalks. The mots extendiir; hori- 
 zontally, frequently produce frefti ftioots at add! 'lice, 
 fo that there is no inilance of one ff thefe plants be- 
 ing found alone. The refin of this plant w.;s found 
 to be a good medicine for the cine of flight wounds i 
 but this refin was often wafticd away by the rains, or 
 wafted by the influence of the air ; \et it would not 
 diflblve except in fpirits : fome of the feeds wee 
 brought to Europe in order to attempt tho c.il- 
 tivation of fo Angular a curiofity in the vegetable 
 world. 
 
 " The ifland on which the coionifts h;iil taken up 
 their refidencc is tlivided from raft to well, by a chain 
 of hills, to the fouth of which they found another 
 plant, not unlike the rcfinous gum-plant, whicli how- 
 ever did not yield any refin, but produced b' aiitiful 
 yellow flowers, neither was it of fo firm a t( \ture, nor 
 was its green of the faniefliade ; yet in otlier refpeiils 
 the rcfemblance was very ftrong. On the hills was 
 found a fpecies of maiden-hair, which grew to a great 
 height, and the leaves of it were fliaped like the blade 
 of a fword. The hills likewife abounded with va- 
 rious kinds of plants, which had the appearance 
 of holding a middle ftation bttwecn ftones and vege- 
 tables. It was apprehended that thefe might ha\e 
 been fucccfsfully ufed in dying. The place produces 
 flowers in a confidcrable variety, but only tmo of 
 them has any fmell, which is like that of a tubcrc'i' ; 
 7 this 
 
 ( 
 
no 
 
 THE V O \' A C; E OF 
 
 1767 
 
 I! 
 
 this flower is pfit'cillvwliilci ;iiu!a violctwasfeen wliicli 
 V H 01 a ri.'i'iil.ir iK'it'lit, ami yiUow culour. Tlicy 
 louiul a t'ruit i>l the ft/.e dI a pea, which nceivcd th>; 
 name i<( the lucct, Iroiii it^ rellniblanccto the North 
 Aiiicrieaii triiit n( thar ii.ijir j its colour is uliiie, 
 hilt the liile Hhich is cxpolcil to the lun, changes to .» 
 rill i it has tlu' rniell ot' orange blollonis, aii^l an 
 a.;recaMc flncniri its hranchcs, whuli cnep aloiii; 
 the grouiul, proJmi' leaves ol a >laik };k'i.ii, whitli 
 an: round ami Ihininj;, <inJ thcfe leaves iiirullil into 
 milk give a ilclieicms talle ; the flowers piow in l.irre 
 mnnhers on tlie honkis of lakes .iiid the plant Jelighis 
 In a niiiilt foil. Kehdes the lueet only one other h iiit 
 \\a» found, wliieli ijrows on \'^n^ hranehes, in the 
 fame manner a> the tliiwherrv, hut it has the ap|xar- 
 anee of a iiuilhiry, which n.une it received, audits 
 leaves arc like tliole o( th ■ hoinhe.iin. 'Iluy faw 
 Init lew fea-plant.', which ll'.ey could apply t> any 
 life; hut all the coatl of tlij liarhour waslimd with 
 (Va-v/eeils, which wire I'erviceahlc in breaking the 
 J'lirce cif the waves in llorniy weathir. M.Tiiy kinds 
 of coraliiies of various beautiful colours, and a gieat 
 numbrr of curious (lulls and fpunges were wjlhid 
 on Ihorc bv the force of the tides. Anion^ the Hulls 
 were the finooth and llri ited niulele, fc.'Uopi, whelks, 
 and a bivalve (hell, of a very lingular kind, named 
 La Houlctte. 
 
 " Sea lions and feals are the only amphibious ani- 
 mals found in thefe parts ; hut 'here arc great vari- 
 eties of filli on the co.ilt, fcarcc any of which are 
 known in Europe. It fonietimes happens that the 
 whales, ^i-tlinj;; too near the (liorc are ilianded in the 
 bjv>, where their remains have been fcen. lioiics of 
 great magnitude have been found far up the ctiuntry 
 where the force of the waters could not h.uecon\eyed 
 them, which made it probable that the foil is cncri.ilcd, 
 or the fea diminillied. — The only ijuadiuped found on 
 F.ilkland's Illunds is of a fpecies between the fox and 
 the wolf, which they called the widf-fox; the tail of 
 this animal is more bufhy th.Mi that ql the wolf, and 
 he lives in a keniul which he ili;;s In the ground, en 
 the down", by the fea-lide. At one 'ime of the year 
 the wolf-foN is fo lean as to appear almoll llarvcd, 
 from whence it is ini.ip,incJ tlia^-'Se falK for a confider- 
 aMe time ; he is about .is lari;e as a flicep-dog, and 
 harks very much like one, only that his barkini; is not 
 loud. He liibfifts iii-jneiiully on wild fowl, in Icarch 
 of which he tra\els in fiich a direct line, from one 
 day to another, th.it wh^n our advcntuurs tirrt beheld 
 his track, they im.Ti;ined that tlie ifland was inhahuid, 
 and that the natives had made 'lie path. [M. Bou- 
 gainville m.ikcs it a matter of wonder how the vi'cdf- 
 fox can have been conveyed to thelt' ill.inds without 
 confideriiU', that l.inl-aniinals li.iving got on large 
 pieces of ice, which bein;; broken by the fea they 
 nave fre<iuently bieii remote from thole of their firil 
 refidencc as is not uneominon on the coallof (ireen- 
 land.] Thefe iflam's and confts produce land and 
 water-fowls, in ama/iii'^ nuuibes, many of which 
 are the prey oi f ilcons, hawks, eagles, and owls ; 
 while the ei;gs and the younf; birds are dcflroyed by 
 the wrlf-fox, the finaller filll .'ue Hilhoytd by the 
 whales, the amphibious animals, am! the vor.icious 
 birds, feme of which are coiillantly flyini; clofe over 
 the furface of the waters, while others perch them- 
 ftlves on the rocks to watch the ivcnt. 
 
 The (\\:.n is perfectly white here, txrept its feet 
 3iul its neck, the former of which arc i>f .1 flelh eo- 
 hiiir, :ind the latter as black as jet. Of wild geefe 
 thc.-e arc four kindi;, only one of which feeds on dry 
 .^rouiiH. It has very high legs, and a neck of great 
 length i its flight is much more free th.ui that of the 
 I'lnj^liih goofe i it walks with equal cafe, ai'.d t'.ocs not 
 cackle like the common yoofe. 'I'he leathers of the 
 pnndcr are vvliitc except on the wings, which have a 
 mixture of a(h-colour and black ; the wings of the 
 female arc of various colours ; and its body is yellow. 
 It f..l;!om l.:vs more than fix eggs. The flavour of 
 thefe birds is sgrtcable, and they were found to be 
 very nourifliint; ; c;;c)ufivc of ihofc which arc hatched 
 6 
 
 on the in.ind, large flock* P.y thithr with .1 wcfterly 
 wind which blows in the autumn, 10 tli.it th-jy wiie 
 generally to be t.iken ill great ahui'.djnce, .uid louncil 
 a priiicipil p.irt of the fttlcrs. 'I'hol.? whieli c.imt irt 
 the aulunin wire e.ifily knovvii Iro.ii thofo iclLknl on 
 the inand, by iheii nut lieinj; (liy. 
 
 i'he other tlM\e kinds wereot various colours, yel- 
 low, wliiie, black, and .ifli-ccdour ; they are not by liir 
 fo beautiful as tliule above di-f..ribed j and .ns ihey llvJ 
 entirely on fiHi, their Ihni .1c<|uiics a dila;;reeahlij 
 t..lle i one of ihel'e three Ipecies leldoili rifes lioin thfi 
 water, and is almoll lonllantly making a vciy difa- 
 greeable noife.' A fuft, thick ilown, cither giey or 
 white, grows iindirthe fiatlu rs of .ill llicfe geele, as 
 it does likewife iiiuhr ihofe of the fwan. The rivcis 
 and ponds of l'"alkl.!iid's Iflands ahoiind in teals vi' 
 two I'pccies, and two of wild .links ; of i!ie litter 
 Come are peileclly white, and the other totally bl.ick, 
 but 111 other refpeiits thc^ refemble thofe of ICu'lanti 
 .iiid Kiaiiee. Thcfe birds ate all very fine iood, 
 and to be procured in any numbtrs. One kind of the 
 teal is veiy fmall, but the other is us '^rgc us the 
 duck, .ini its bill is blue. The bellies of fomc of 
 them are alio covered VN'ith feathers of a blue colour. 
 
 " rheinandprodueesa bird whieh.M. Ijougainviilc 
 calls the diver. * Of thcfe divers there are two kind?, 
 of which the nioft plentit'ul has brow n fe.ithers, with 
 no other variation than that the feathers on the btlly 
 are of a fomewhit lighter colour than thol, on the 
 back. 'I'he btlly of the other kind is white, tha 
 hack grey ; and the feathers on the bdly a:e very liiick, 
 (liining, and loft. The eyes of thefe birds arc as 
 bii;;ht as rubies, and are encircled with a riii;' of 
 while featli is. Tlif f.ir.ale hatches only two young 
 biids at a lime, which (lie carries on h.;r back, not 
 fuhjcc'ling them to the coldneis of the water, till lea-- 
 thers have taken place of tlr; down with which 
 they are hatched. Its toes arc ijuite thin, iiul of 
 a i;re; n colour, and being round towards the claw, 
 they arc not unlike the leaves of Come plants j their 
 feet arc noc webbed, as is common amoii;^ water- 
 fowl, but their toes arc fepaiatc, haying a flrong 
 membrane on each fide. The cohuiills give the 
 name of faw-hiUs to two kinds of birds which iio:j 
 a great fimilitude to each other, the chief dill'i lence 
 conliftin:!; in their fizc and in the bellies of mod of 
 them hem;: white, while few were obl'ervcd to have 
 blown fe.itiiers on the bellv ; the feathers on the reft 
 of the body are of a d.irk blue, as (oft as (Ilk, and 
 grow \ery clofe tog'thcr. I'heir feet arc Wihhed and 
 flefli colcuircd, and their bills pointed ; th-y l.iy their 
 eggs on the locks, where gr.-it numbers ot them live 
 together ; and they fubfilt on (irti, thouf.inds of which 
 they dellroy. The fettlers not only ate the eu';s of 
 thefe birds, but frequently killed many fe-re; ni Ihcm 
 at a time, and their flefli was found to be excellent 
 food. 'I'hey had fo little apprehenfion of being eauglic 
 that it was an cafy matter to knock them do . n with 
 a ftick, and in this manner they were ufually t .ken. 
 A bird, called by the .Spaniards .'Qiti-linintn/'u'/' •, w hich 
 mcafures more than two yards from the extreniitv of 
 its wing, dcftroys the faw-bills. [This bird of prey 
 has a long bill with two hollow tubes of the (.r.ic 
 kind of fubffancc as the bill, and its feet are webbed. 
 Some of the feamen called this bird the alhetrofs, but 
 it dill'ers confidcrahly from the comn.on hiid oi' the 
 name, nor is it an eafy matter to determine prceifely 
 on its fpecies, from the imperfect .account which M. 
 Hoiigainville has given of it.] Gulls, and mews of 
 difTeient beautiful plumage, iflrved to direft our co- 
 lonids what was the proper time for takinT; pilchards. 
 Thcfe birds fly in flocks over the furface of the water, 
 dart on the pilchard and fwallow it ; when they 
 catch another of thcfe (ifli, they difgorec the one 
 which had been prcvioufly fwallowcd, and fu proceed. 
 
 When 
 
 * Vrom the ■iefciipr-rn he j^iees of it. rliis liir.l is cnnjeOurc! 
 to lie tlic ^rc' ", wliicli .lo.iumis on flic I.ikc oi Cr.MCva, a:i.t of 
 the fitin of wliich the mult elu^ant iiiulli andti^|i^ts mc nu'!c. 
 
w^ 
 
 M. n O U G A I N V I L I, E. 
 
 2.(1 
 
 licir 
 
 live 
 ich 
 , of 
 
 licm 
 
 i;h 
 
 nt" 
 
 uy 
 nic 
 
 •bfcl. 
 but 
 the 
 
 iil'ly 
 
 . M. 
 
 vs cf 
 co- 
 
 an!i. 
 
 atcr, 
 
 thry 
 one 
 
 :rcd. 
 
 I.I of 
 
 When the pilchards are not in fcafon, they (<cJ on 
 vnrious other lbrt« of (inall ti(h. The igg» of ihefe 
 birds were found in great abundiiicc upon the leavct 
 of a phint, on the borders of the rmrlhes, uml they 
 proved to be very good eating. Three kinds of |hii- 
 guina breed un the illuui, one of thefe is a i^marLably 
 grand and elegnnt bird, the belly of which is a clear 
 white, the back a l^ind of blue, and it has a rutf 
 round its neck neap the head,iifabrii;ht yallow, which 
 defcending towards the belly, feparates the white 
 feathers from the blue onc» i ihclie birds do not live 
 together in numberfi, but feck the molt qiiiut and rc- 
 lirtd places of abode. One of them being caui'lit with 
 an intention of being brought to France, foon grew 
 fo tame th.it it followed the pcrfoa who fed it j its 
 food was bread, fiftl and flelh j but there was foine- 
 thine more wanting for Its fultenance for it gr.idually 
 loft Its fatnefn till it died. The fecond kind of pen- 
 guin anfwers to thofe which have been mentioned in 
 out former voyages. The third kind of penguins lay 
 their eggs amoni' the high cliA's of the rock", v<herc 
 they rewle togetlicr in great numbers, never fccking 
 that folitude of which the firA are fo fond. Thry are 
 much fnMller than the others, and were named hop- 
 iiing penguins, from their method of moving, which 
 IS very much like hopping ; they have gold coloured 
 feathers which form a kind of cye-brnws, and a tuft 
 of the fame colour which they raifc when they are 
 (lifplcafed. 'I'his bird has a very chcarful look, and 
 its general colour is a deep yello.v. 
 
 At difitsrent times hut not tVequently, three kinds 
 of petrels were feen by the French. Tlufu birds 
 build their nelts on the fca-coaft, where thtir youn;,; 
 were fometimcs found, covered with down. One fort 
 of them is quite white, their hill is red, and not un- 
 like a pigeon ; a fecond fort is larger; and the third 
 fmallcr than the pigeon ; and thefe two fiiris have 
 white feathers on the belly, while every otlicr part of 
 the body is black. 
 
 Eagles were alfo feen of three different fpccics, two 
 •f which are black, with white and yellow fc-ct, and 
 the other is of a dull white. All thefe lubfift on fmpcs 
 and other fmall birds, which they feize every oppor- 
 tunity to deltroy. Egrets, a fpecies of the heron, 
 were frequently obferveil on the ifland : — they make a 
 dif.igrecable nnife, not much unlike the barking of a 
 little dog ; and they never take any food till towards 
 th.' eveiiiii;x. 
 
 Two kinds of the thrufli came regularly to the 
 ifland in the autumnal months, one of which was of 
 the f.ime colour as the Eiirope.Tn thrufli, and others 
 ycilmv, cxe' pt on the bellv, which was Ipotted with 
 black. Then- was a third kind of thrulh, which 
 lived on the ifland throughout the year, the feathers 
 on the btlly of which are of a bright red ; this was 
 called the red bird. A bird which they called thcfca- 
 pie, was conlKintly feen on the coafts, the feet of 
 which were white, the bill red, and the feath'.rs black 
 and white. Tliis bird whittled a kind of note which 
 the coloniOs found it cafy to imitate, and by that 
 mc;in.'. thry came near enough to catch them without 
 much trouble; they live on (hrimps, which they pick 
 up after the ebbing of the tide. Great numbers of 
 curlews, the fame as thofe of Europe, were conftantly 
 ((L-en in the fummer ; and fnipcs of the European kind 
 were found in abundance, it is eafy to flioot thefe 
 birds as they fly in a regular manner. At the time 
 when they are breeding, they afccndto a great height, 
 and having foarcd fome time in the air, they drop into 
 their nc(b, which arc built on the ground, in the 
 open field, where it is molt free froni grafs or other 
 herbage, fo that thofe ne(h arc very ealily found ; the 
 I'nipes arc excellent food if drefled towards the decline 
 of the year, but in the breeding feafon they arc very 
 lean, and not fit to rat. 
 
 The amphibious animals of Falkland's Iflandsare 
 fcals and fea-lions, which have been already defcribed. 
 f)f the fiih which were found on the coaft of Falk- 
 land's Iflandii, one that was taken in great plenty was 
 called tbe mullet, from the likciM'fs it bears to the 
 
 \vL, I, N-2J. 
 
 I'.iiropcan fifli of that nam', the clunifl* diied miny 
 ot thele, whieli aie full .1 y:iid in liii ih, th>- ( als 
 prey on thefe fWh wIk never liny c;:n e-.itih tlirn),l>ut, 
 by a natural inltiii.'t, thry are tau'jht to .ivoid tlul? 
 voracious meiiiies, by Ihelierin;; ihi iilelv' i in h(d"-, 
 among (lunv ground, <iii the hanks of th.- river-;, and 
 in thefe places they were frequently taken. A Hfll 
 called the (i,ir,lu.i/, about twelve inches in Kivnii, 
 «as feen in great abiiml ni'.e, and niiotlirr r.mrtl ili- 
 Sortliiic, was fiiind unly .i( 'hj commeiicemint of the 
 winter iiafon ; I'oine w liiie p<.!poifts were taken in the 
 bays, v hen the weather was fair, and fome eels in 
 thole cavities of the rocks which are filled wiih water. 
 A frelh- water fi(h was found, about the li7C<if a trr .11, 
 without fcales, the colour of it was green. Many 
 fmaller fifll wrre caufht with the hook and line, 
 among them was one (pedes the he.ul of wliii h re- 
 fembled that of a pikr, and it hid no le.iles. A few 
 foals wcru found ; and anum;; the lli.ll-fini were 
 mufcles, a very fmall kind oflhrinip, a cr.'b, tliefcet 
 of which were blue, iind a kind of cr.iy f!h, 01 prr.vn, 
 the colour of which was naturally red, wiihuiit boil- 
 ing, but thefe v< ere only taken thrni'li < uritlily, a? 
 their t.ittc was much inferior t'l thol-j Eurotv..iii li;h 
 which arc nearly of the lame (pocies. 
 
 Every one knows the difputc be'tvve n C;rcatj;ii- 
 tain and Spain relative to thefe iflanil>, and how ir 
 was at laft terminated. It h'pp. iiul in iiutcaf.as it 
 gem rally <loes in matters of fuch a nauiiv, that fi'ir.r 
 were for crying up the place for a p.ii..ilii-, whillf 
 others rcprifented it a-- barren and not woitli contend- 
 ing for. If we take the medium b.iwun the!'-, we 
 (hall find ourfelvcs nearer to the truin. Tho accounts 
 which have jult been given on the one liaml, in<l;c..lc 
 not a barren foil j but then it is to bo ccnfulcred, on 
 thu other, that thofe who firit li ttle colonies which 
 Ihey wilh to thrive arc apt to b- Uiiuk with every 
 thing which appears to recommend ihi m, and to i;ivc 
 rather flattering del'criptions of liiem. On the whole, 
 thefe iflands feem not to be ilcditiite of rr.nW of thu 
 produdlions common to the latitucc \ h>r.,n t!-, y arc 
 iituated, wood except-d ; and it ih»..ic.l ilvin t!..it by 
 time and labour the foil is capable of improvein;.ni. 
 
 After waiting here till the 2d of June, 1767, in 
 expeftation of the Ktoile liore fh.p, v.'.ieii it wa> 
 found that ftie did not arrive, M. H 'U^amvillc con- 
 fidcied, that as his vi il'el would hold no more th 111 llx 
 months provifions, and that lie had only two on bo.-.rd, 
 it would be an aift of ralhnels to attempt the croifing 
 the great I'acific Ocean alone j he th.-reforc refolved 
 to (leer to Rio Janeiro, at which place he had ap- 
 pointed the Etoilc to join him, in cafe any unfoiv- 
 fcen accident fhould prevent her reaching Falkland's 
 Iflands, before he left the harbour of that place. They 
 had line wrathcr from the 2>1 till the 2oth of June, 
 on which day they had fight of the mountains on the 
 main land of Brazil ; and they law the entrance (>f 
 Rio Janeiro on the day following. A number of tifli- 
 ing-boats being ohfervcd near the fliore, M. Bou- 
 gainville hoilted I'ortuguefe colours, and ordered .1 
 cannon to be fired ; on which a boat put off to the 
 ihip, and a pilot was engaged to condud her into the 
 road. 
 
 The coal! of this country is brokeit by a number of 
 fmall hills, which ferve to give an agreeable variety 
 to the pro.'"pc(S. The land is rather mountainous, 
 and well cloathed with woods. 
 
 The (hip havingarrived off Santa Cruz, a Portu- 
 eucfeodicer was fent toenquire the rcafon of her fail- 
 ing into it ; on wnich M. Bougainville lent one if 
 his officers to acquaint the viceroy of the Brafils, witli 
 his motives for touching there, and to demand whe- 
 ther if he (hould falutc the fort, the compliment would 
 be returned. The governor haughtily replied, that 
 when a perfon bowed to another, whom he might ca- 
 fually meet in the ftreet, he was not prcvioufly certain 
 that his compliment would be returned, and that if 
 M, Bougainville (hould fire his guns by way of falule, 
 he (the viceroy) had then to confider what was proper 
 to be done. In confcquence of this infoleiit mef- 
 • Rrr fi.ge 
 
 i;'-; 
 
«4« 
 
 THE V O Y A C. EOF 
 
 176- 
 
 Tuge the FrfJith rommanJer rrfolvcd very properly 
 nut tu lalutc At all. 
 
 About the luinc time a canoe wai difp.itcheil from 
 thccapt.iiii of the ttoilc, to iiit'orni M. Hou(;aiiivillc 
 of the Ule arrival ot that venil which iiuw l,iy 111 the 
 port. 'I'hv cummaiidcr, iM. de la Ciirauilau, fi-iit 
 wurJ, lh:it iitlteailof Icaviii ; France in the month ul 
 Uccembcr, \:irioui accidrnts had cuniliiixd tu detain 
 him tAomoiuhi bcyuiul that time: that when he h.id 
 bci I three months at fca, his rigging was fu gicatly 
 damngcd, and his vcflcl admitted lu much water, that 
 he was obliged to make the harbour of Montevideo, 
 whence he f:iiled fur his prelcnC lialion, and had come 
 to iin anchor but a few days before M. iJouj;ainvilIc. 
 'l"he ttoilc had at this time f.ilt provilions fullicitnt to 
 fupply bothvclUls for almult a year and a half i but 
 ms her Kick of bread, &c. was inlufficient fur the 
 confunuitiun M more than fcven weeks, M. lioujrain- 
 villc rclolvcd on tailing to Rio de la i'lata, tu take in 
 n llock, as neither flour, wheat, nor bilcuit could be 
 purchiifcd at Kio Janeiro. 
 
 On the Jizd of June, 1767, M. Bougainville and 
 lii> otficcrt, paid a vifit to the viceroy of the Kralils, 
 which wa» returned three days afterwards on board the 
 Btiude'ife i when the viceroy pave |)erminion for the 
 piirchafc of a Hoop, which the adventurers imagined 
 might be very feri iceable during the long voyage they 
 propolcd to make. 'I'he chaplain of the Ktoile hav- 
 ing been murdered fome days before the arrival of the 
 Hdadcufe, under the windows of the viceroy's pa- 
 l.ice, that gentleman prcmifcd that he would ende.i- 
 vour to find out, ,Tnd feverely puniflt the pcrjietrators 
 of the horrid deed : he appeared very teinifs in regard 
 to tlie fulfilling his pioinife in the execution of 
 this neceflary piece of jiillice. Yet, contrary to 
 his ufuil cuftom, he behaved with politcnefs to the 
 Krench officers, for feveral days after this vifit ; and 
 ac(]uainteil them, tliat he propofed to entertain them 
 with an elegant collation in bowers of orange-trees 
 andjafmine, on the banks of the river j and he ac- 
 tually gave orders that a box at the opera (hould be 
 airigned for their reception.* 
 
 At this time there lay in the harbour of Rio dc J.t- 
 neiro a Krench (liip called the Morning Star, and a 
 Spaniftl man of war, named the Diligent; and while 
 I 'e viceroy behaved with all imaginable politenefs to 
 the Frenchmen, he had artfully protraiScd the ftay of 
 the Spaniard no lefs than eight months, during all 
 which time her commander had not been able to pro- 
 cure the articles nccelTaiy for the repair of hisvellel, 
 and without which (he could not proceed on her 
 voyage. In this dilemma, Don Francifco de Medina, 
 captain of the Diligent, applied to M. Bougainville 
 for the afliltance of liis carpenters and caulkers, who 
 were immediately fent, both from the Boudcufc and the 
 Ktoile. 
 
 'IMiecomplaifancewith which the viccxoy treated the 
 gentlemen on board the French vclTcls, furpril'ed the 
 Spaniards, w ho told tliem, that they muft not long ex- 
 peit fo greata ih.ire of his favours j and they had foon 
 reafon to be convinced that the prcdii^tion was founded 
 in truth ; for though the viceroy liad i>crmitted M. 
 Bougainville to purchafe a (loop, and he had adEually 
 agreed for one, his excellency thought proper to forbid 
 the delivery of it, and notwithtianding thev had con- 
 tracted with this tyrannical governor tor the purchafe 
 ©f fome timber from the royal dock yards, he after- 
 wards changed his mind, and would nut let them 
 have it. He even went fo far as to refufe M. Bou- 
 giinville, and the gentlemen on board his (hip, per- 
 mirtion to lodge in a houfe near the town, while the 
 Bouduefe was repairing, though the owner had given 
 his confent. 
 
 The French commander now determined with two 
 of his officers, to pay the viceroy a vifit, in order to 
 make proper remonflrances on the line of conduct he 
 
 • Here, favi ovir author, a band nf Mulattoes performed 
 the licit pieces ol' MctalUtio, while the c«mpotitiuns that the 
 greatcil giniufct uf luly ever produced Wwe executed by an 
 
 had purfued ; but this haughty mnn would not hcif 
 him Ipe.ik : on the contrary, he commaii lul him to 
 leave his linulc-. M. Bougainville rel'ufed to tlo in, 
 .iiid even kept his leaf Ionic time ,iticr the guards had 
 bci n talleJ, who negleiled to obey the lumnions i and 
 the French departed quitely. Not lung utter tins af- 
 luir, an adJitrjnal number uf guns were placed ruuiiJ 
 the p.ilace, and the viceroy commanded that every 
 Freiu hnian, who might be (een in the llrects after lun- 
 fct, fliould he taken into cultody, Mu likcwile or- 
 dered the captain of the French Ihip called the Morn- 
 ing Star, to (juit the fituation where he lay, ,iiid to 
 anchor his vellel uider the fort of Villag.ihun, which 
 order was :u curdingly complied with. 
 
 Banifliment and imprironiricni were the fate of two 
 of the I'ort'igucle officers for having bihaved civilly 
 to M. Bougainville, and the French apprehending 
 nothing but ill ulage from the rHiriils of the viceroy, 
 the Cuuni D' Acunha's tyrannieiil dilpufitian prepared 
 to (juit the plate ; though the inhabitant's weie wil- 
 ling ciKiunh to hold an intercourfc with them, M. 
 liuugainnlle was fuppiied with fome timber proper 
 for the repairs of his vellel by a captain of a Spanilh 
 man of war, and Ibme planks were alio fold him by 
 an inhabit.int ol Kio Janeiro. 
 
 M. Bougainville's account of this place beinj; re- 
 markable, aiid containing many interefting particular*, 
 we Ihall here recite it, though we have formexly given 
 our reader fome account of this fetllement, 
 
 " The mines (fays our author) which lie nearcft 
 Rio Janeiro, are not lefs thin an hundred and twcnt/ 
 miles from that city, and are denominated 7lt Grntiat 
 tVIinti. I'he king of Portugal, who has a fifth (hare 
 in thefe mines, feldom receives lefs than one hundred 
 and twelve arobas of gold from their annual pro- 
 duce. 
 
 " There are mines at Scro Frio, Sahara, and Rio des 
 Morte«, which are under the jurifdiction of the ma- 
 n.ij;crs of the Gencr.il Mines. Near Sero Frio is a 
 river, the ftreain of which being turued out of its 
 ufual channel, diamonds, topazes, chryfolites, and 
 other valuable flones are found among thi^ pcbblet 
 in the bed of the river 1 nor are any diamonds brought 
 from the Brafils but fuch as are tuund on this par- 
 ticular fpot. 
 
 " The Hones thus found are deemed the property of 
 the owners of the mines: but the king of Portugal 
 has appointed a Uirveyor, to whom they muft give an 
 account of what diamonds are found, with thrutmoft 
 cxadncfs. Thefe the furvcyor puts into a caflcet 
 which has three locks, and is inclufed in iron plates, 
 the viceroy keeping one of the key«, x.\\e Pravadar Jt 
 Hazicnda Realc l\ic fecond, and the furveyor the third. 
 This cafket, and the keys with which it is locked, 
 are then inclofed in a fecond calkct, on which thefe 
 three gentlemen affix their feaU, and this again is 
 placed in a third, whereon the viceroy puts his feal, 
 and thus (hips the trcal'ure for Portugal, where the 
 coffers are opened in the prefence of his Aloll Faith- 
 ful Majellv, who having felecled fuch of the diamftnds 
 as he pleafes, the owners of the mines are paid for 
 them, at a rate ftipulated by a previous agreement. 
 
 " The number of (laves employed in fearching for 
 diamonds is about eight hundred, and for every day'* 
 libour of each of thefe, the king of Portugal re- 
 ceives a Spanifli dollar from the proprietors of the 
 mines. It is extremely dangerous fur any perfon to 
 fccrcte a diamond j yet the praikice is very common, 
 as they can be fo eafily hiddiii. When a perfon is 
 detected in this illicit tr:ide, if he is rich, he is fen- 
 tenced to deliver up the diamonds, to )>ay twice their 
 value, (uft'er one year's impril'onmcnt, and then be 
 banilhed to the coafl of Africa for life ; but if the of- 
 fender be poor, he is generally doomed to (iitf'cr capital 
 punifhmcnt. In every di(lri£l of the Binfils where 
 gold is found, a houfe is eredled, to which it mu(V be 
 6 carried. 
 
 urcliclVa, which was under the dircOion uf a huinp-backcd 
 pric(t in liik eanonicali. 
 
 K — 
 
:-g.'^ 
 
 M. BOUGAINVILLE. 
 
 a*1 
 
 i-bi^kcd 
 
 'Ctrfietli inJ the king't (tiarc paid ; i\\e. reft is frnt to 
 kiu Jiineiro, whrre it it iikUciJ into wcilic-'i and in 
 that lUte relurnril lo the u^tnerh : tlicfu wcvtget being 
 numbered, and llainped with the king'i arms, the 
 weight is nuilcrd on earh widge, tlie g(d<l i> likewifc 
 alfayed, and the allov O.iiiipcd on it, tor tlic gaalcr 
 expedition when it loinef lu bu coined. 
 
 *• About ninety niilcii from Rio Janeiro U a place 
 called Prayhuna, where there is an olHcc lor reyilier- 
 \ng the ingot< which are the property ot private peo- 
 ple, and as all petl'oni coming from the nunes mud 
 fieteflarily palu by this plate, two military ulFiccri 
 are ihitioncd here, having fifty men under their toin- 
 in.ind, whofc bufinefs it is lf;ictly tu examine, that 
 no illicit trade is carried on, <o that every one who 
 pallcs it obliged to fubmit to the Itrii^tcll fearch. At 
 this place, exclufive of the tax to the king, men and 
 boats are taxed with a farther loll of a real and a half 
 •ach, the moiety of which becomes the property of 
 the ofKcers and foldicrs, and the other moiety goes to 
 his Portugucfc Majfrty. 
 
 " The ingots ot gold, which beloni; to private peo- 
 ple having been regittered at Praybun.i, arc then 
 carried to Kio Janeiro, where the proprietors are 
 paid their value in demi-doubloons, which are 
 worth a'lout thirty (hillings each of Enulifli money, 
 but there is a profit to the king, for alloy, and for 
 carrying thefc demi-duubloons, of about four (hil- 
 lings and fixpence on each. The mint at Rio Janei- 
 ro IS a very noble building, admirably adapted for 
 the purpofc of coining money, which is performed 
 with great expedition -, and this, indeed, is rendered 
 nece(Iary, bccaufe two Portugucfc fleets nfually ar- 
 rive nearly at the lame time that the gold is brought 
 from the mines. 
 
 " The fleet which arrives from Porto brings coarfc 
 cloth, feveral articles of food, with brandy, wines, 
 and vinegar, and this, with the fleet that comes from 
 Lifbon, occalions Rio Janeiro, to be a place of very 
 confiderable triide ; the cttcils, on being landi-d, ars 
 charged with a duty of ten per cent, to his Portu- 
 guefe Majelly. 
 
 " Soon after the earthquake at Lifbon, in the 
 year 1755, an import of two and a half per cent, 
 tinder live name of a free gift to the king, was laid 
 on all goodb landed ;it Rio Janeiro, fu that the whole 
 duty paid is no lels than twelve and a half per cent. 
 The latter duty is inllantly paid on the goods being 
 brought on (horc, but the officers of the cuftom-hou^ 
 will tako ftcurity for the payment of the former at 
 thcexpirationofhalfayear. There arc two diftriiSs, 
 named Pratacon and Quiaba, the mines of which pro- 
 duce diamonds i but no perfon is permitted to leek 
 for them, that the market may not be overftocked ; 
 for it is evident, that to make diamonds plentiful, 
 would be to render them of little value. His Portu- 
 cucfe Majelty is at an expencc of about 145,0001. 
 jlerlin^, annually, for repairing the (hips anu pub- 
 lic buildings, workinjj the mines, and paying all his 
 Icrvants, civil and military. * 
 
 The Boudeufc and Etoilc weighed their anchor on 
 the 14th of July, 1767 ; but as the wind abated I'oon 
 afterwards, they were obliged again to bring to, he- 
 fore they could get out of the harbour. Tlicy failed, 
 however, on the following day, and in the ni^'ht of 
 
 • The imount irifing to tlie king of ^ortul;«I in (Icrling 
 noncy, from ihe royal revtBuei of Rio Janeiro i> as followj : 
 _., , ,.-, Dollars. 
 
 Tilt kiRg I fifiht are gtner»lly, one ye«r wi:li inotlicr, ") 
 
 >l>oui one hunilrcil and titty aroba« of goU, which >i,iij,ooo 
 mike in Spanifli Jollai* J 
 
 The duty on liiamondi amounts to •4»,oi>o 
 
 The profit atifing from the coinage of monev ii 400,000 
 
 The duty of ten per cent, paid at the cullum-houfe it 3 50,000 
 The free giftot two and 1 hall per cent, amounts lol . 
 
 about J" 07i00o 
 
 Varloue produces of the mines, with the poll-tax,") 
 
 and monies ariling from the laic of uffictj and f «n,ooo 
 cmploymentt J 
 
 A duty laid oa n(|ro flay*! piudiice* x 10,000 
 
 the iQth, the main-iop-fail of the Brniileuf* was car* 
 •111 .\wny by the vinli lur ot the wind. \ 
 
 On the miirniiig of ilic jihili the I'leiich voyager* 
 uiX light of the L'allilles, at the ililbiu:e i<f fonictliiii|; 
 iiioie than 30 miles. They law the 1 iitrance of a ha), 
 which M, Unugainville coMJicluii d 10 br ihe lame < 11 
 the b.inks of which the Spaiii.iids have 1 mileil a kit, 
 Ihe vellels fail d inl'i Rio de I 1 I'lat.i, and wtra 
 ■Aiihiii ftj;ht of the iM.ilJoiudos on the ;.ryili. K.irly ir« 
 the morning of the y.\\ they had a view of il.c Ifle of 
 Lobo^, and Infore night c;mie to an amhur in tha 
 bay ol Montevideo. As lix.n as the veihls wci« 
 aiKhored, the governor lent ,1 gentleman on board 
 Monf. liougainville's (liip, wlio actiuaintcd hinii 
 that molt ot the Je!uits in ihilL- parts had been lately 
 leized, and their cllates confilVated, in conlequenec of 
 an order received from the ruiirt ol Spain, and it hiineil 
 that thefc viAiinsof fiiperior power had ftarcely nadi! 
 till lead rcfirtancc, and that they l»->re their misfortunes 
 with fortitude. No lefs tli:in tuny of thtin had biru 
 taken away in the vefl'els which biuui^ht the order* 
 for their difgnce, 
 
 As it was ncceffary that M. Ilougainville (lioulJ 
 remain in his prefeiit llation, till the e(|uinox w.is 
 pafl'ed i his lird care was to build an hol'pilal for the 
 fiek, and to t.akc lodirings at Montevideo, This 
 being done, ho repaired to Uuenos Ayres, in order to 
 halicn the ptovifion of fuch nccellaiies as he waiuudf 
 for which he was to pay the I'.imc price as tho 
 king of Spain ulually gave fur the fame com- 
 modities.— He was alfodcfiious of convcrfinj^ with 
 thc;;overnor-general, Don Krancifco Huecarelli about 
 the behaviour of the governor of Rio Janeiro ; and lie 
 foon learnt that Don Buccarclli, inltead of making 
 rc|)rirals on the viceroy of the Bralils, which he could 
 have done, veiy much to the prejudice of Portugal, 
 had, more prudently, only fent a narrative of his 
 proceedings to the court of Spain. Dnn BuCcarrlli was 
 however fo ready to fupply M. Bougainville with fuch 
 articles as he Itood in need of, that in lels than 
 three weeks two vciTels failed for Montevideo, with 
 ladings of flour and bifcuits for the ufe of the Frencli 
 (hips. M. Bougainville alio went to Montevideo, 
 leaving an inferior oflicer at Hueiios Ayres, to fee rhs 
 remainder of the provifions fupplitd. They now 
 expet^ed to fail very (hortly, when an accident 
 happened that detained them Come weeks beyond the 
 intended time. A Spanifh regifter fhip being at 
 anchor, a violent hurricane arole in the night, and 
 driving her againll the Etoilc, carried away part of the 
 head of that vefl'el, and broke her buwfprit on a level 
 with the deck. The leaks of the latter being cn- 
 crcafed by this accident, it was abfolutely necefTary 
 that (he (hould undergo a thorough repair, but as there 
 was not timber enough at Montevideo for this pur- 
 pofe, M. Bougainville obtained Don BuccarcUi's per- 
 miflion that (lie might go up the livcr, to the Lnce- 
 nada de Baragan, a little bay fotmed by its mouth, 
 and in this bay by the 21ft of OiSobcr (lie was put in 
 a condition proper for failing, and began to take in 
 the necefl'ary provifions. 
 
 In the road of Encenada, M. Bougainville found 
 a frigate and feveral merchant (hips which were 
 bound for Europe, and two Spanifh veflisls, which 
 having taken in a (lore of ammunition and provirion$, 
 
 were 
 
 A tenth on all the food of the country, and tlict^ixcsl 
 on ioap, fait and train-oil, bring a rtvcnue of / 
 
 IJOiOOO 
 
 Total 3,667,000 
 
 From whence it ppcart that t:;e king of Portugal's rcvenuca 
 arifing from Rio _ %nciro, amount anually to above 4^0,000!. 
 flcrling. 
 
 t On board of . t. Bougainville's (hip was a profefTor of 
 adronotiiy, who madt the cxpediiion with a view of dilcovering 
 the longitude atfea, a d at aneclipfc nf the fun was to happen 
 on the a ;th of the mom 1, great hopes were formed that an op- 
 pirtunity would thereby Ik obtained of making the wifhed-tor 
 difcoveryi butithappcned that thefe fanguine expcflations were 
 all fniftrate.l, by toe intervention of cloudt, which obfcurcd 
 the lace ol the fun alnwii during the whole time of the ecliple. 
 
 i'4 
 
 
 I'' I 'i 
 
 :M 
 
THE VOYAGE () V 
 
 wcrf tc f,n to F.ilktanil'» I(l:inil» ; anil trnin thi im 
 111 the .SiMiih .^'.n, ti> like I'll lio.iiil till- JiliiitK <it 
 Piru ,iiiH Chill, two xcUckn likcwilc l.iy hin, mu' nl 
 wliiili wa< liudcd with |iri'lonti troin hi> inoK Ca- 
 thi>lic Mnji-Ky, In ilir inhalijlantt ol Trrr.i ilel I'lir^n, 
 In rclurn fir ihiir roniluct tow.irilK the ckw ol ihc 
 C'liicrpiion, which :ib(>ultwu years bilniew^i't wrickot 
 upi>n iho coiift. 
 
 Till- Kri nth rnmrnnnrfcr ohiirvo* llut the pcnpic 
 nil ilie hmk of the h ncrnida ile U4rn:>.iM live in iticin 
 huK, C'lnllnkUd (if rulhr^, »nil rovfKil with loii- 
 Ihcr, which arc litii.itc on a lull Co barriii that i<im- 
 iiKi'i mrrllari'i irr h:ir»l to lio ''(it. This (hip (ailcil 
 from th ronil of tncinaila de Bura;;an for Spain, 
 which had i n board Z50 Jitiiits and mcilt of the l-'rcnch 
 familirt lhi( had lilt Falkland's lllands. Two 
 Spanilh rcnid.r fliipsiirriicd al ilii« tiiiu-, oni'iifwhich 
 bring III .s;riat dillri'f», M. Bougainvillr (hewed his 
 humanity by fciidini; many "( hi» rnw on bii.ird 
 hi r, aii'i (he wm hiuuglit lo Munttvidco harbour by 
 tlicir aflilhiiH' 
 
 From thr Lncrnnda the Ktoile failed on the ;jolh 
 »if Oil^ohcr, and wa< (ollnwod the next ilay by 
 the liiiiJculc, having on board provilioni for ten 
 inonth«, and in their pali'igc to Moniivnlco, they loll 
 three men, a boat which they were in, ruiiiiinp toulol 
 the (hip at (he was wearing : it was with ditKciilty 
 that two others were laved and the bout wat reco- 
 vered. 
 
 A ftorm Toon overtook them after they had failed 
 from Montevideo, in which both the vellcis loll moll 
 cf the cattle which they had purchafed for (tore. 
 
 At this time they had uncertain winds, and violent 
 nirrents which drove the vcdels to the 45th dcpric ol 
 (oiith latitude, and nt length they inailc Cape Viri^iii, 
 wliich Sir John Narboroiigh called. Cape Virgin 
 Mary. 
 
 In their courfc they faw many albatrolTes and pc- 
 trcN, pcnpiiins, fcals, and whales ) and the tkins 
 fif the latter appeared to be covered with little worms, 
 fomewhat like thrfe that are found at the bottoms ol 
 vell'cU in harbour, which lie there till they are rot- 
 tin;;. 
 
 (hey mad.? the land of Terra del Fuego, foon af- 
 ter they had lij'.htof Cape Virgin, and lor iivanydays 
 afterwards had nothing but contrary winds and liuinis. 
 The wind hlowini; more in their favour for a little 
 while, on the third ol December they tried to reach 
 the l(rei;4hts month, hut a calm and a thick fun I'uc- 
 ceedid, when the brcc/.e role up again, night coming 
 on, they (leered to the wcftward. 
 
 ThcvDoodin for land again on the 4th, as the wind 
 was once more favourable ; but the rain and ha/.y 
 Weather hindering them from Ceeing thecoa((, they were 
 obliged to keep the fea ; when it cleared up a little al- 
 ter, they made another attempt to enter the ilteights, 
 when the wind changed, the fog returned, and they 
 Were oliHged to lie to between the main land, and the 
 tWii (luiies of Terra del Fiicijo. ( 'n the' 4th of De- 
 cniber th? fonCail of the lioudculc was Iplit by tie 
 fiirvof tilt vsinds, and as at this time they were in no 
 d'-cper water than 3C fathom, they determined to feud 
 uii 'ev their bare pidts, lell they (hould run toul of 
 I'omc biiakcrs which lie off Cape Virijin to theloiith 
 fouth-e.^ft. Tnev now made other fruitltfs attenipts 
 to enter the ftreights, fometimes being within light of 
 the c.ipe, and at other times a conlitierHble diJIunce 
 from it. The niglit of tlie 15th was fpcnt in (land- 
 ing ofF and on ; and early iit the morning! of the 6th 
 th'.y were in fii;lit of Cajit I'ofieilion, and likewileof 
 Terra del Fuego. They nou took the advantage of a 
 weltirlv tide, and tried to get dole to the coall of 
 Pataf^oiiia. T'hev kept founding all the night between 
 the 6th and 7th, not failing at a greater dillanrc from 
 the coafl th.in thar leagues. VVliat they had gained 
 by plying to the windward, they lod by the oppofition 
 cf thi- currents, and ;ihout noon on the 7th, were in 
 their former ftntion. This day they had fight of Cape 
 Orange, which forms the firrt narrow pal's in the 
 (freights. Ti'is nariow ,)af>M, Bougainville called a 
 7 
 
 gilt. It is rather more ttirn fortv ftnle. iieni C ij* 
 \ iigin til this Hilt gut, am! the ltrii|tlilk lor iliisdii- 
 lanieareof dilfireni lirciillhs, but lildomhls il'jii 
 live, or more lh:inle»iii Ua'in. On the noiili umII 
 the hiid IS hifih and healilv, and vt a. ncul.ii 4)i|i-, r - 
 ance, as tar as Cape I'ollillinn, in the h.vs ol ulmll 
 there are liveral duiigiroui rotks, lo whiili Sii Ji ml 
 Narboiini:;h gave thi iume ol Alles l..iri. In ihe i.l- 
 tirnooii when tlky h.al leaehid thcintrance of iti* 
 gut, tliimgh the wind blew I .Ui, iiiul all I'leir fail* 
 were Kt, the tide ran Willi in gnat Innc, tlim lUrj 
 were driven backwaul>, inlKad of aaKaiiiiiig 111 tin ir 
 voyage-. Ill the exeiiinr thelhijis wcie .uiehoiiJ in 
 Holliliion lUy, .mil on the iijihth, bv the aflitlanie o^ 
 a Kroiig liieeze, thiy lleminid the ti le, and .iLeiwaids 
 by ililleiuit tacks, thev pot ihroiiuh the lirll nairuwr 
 eiiiraiiccol the gut, with the wind a/.iiiilt tliini.— 
 Uuiiiig the preceding nielit, they h. J ojilervrd hut 
 on the ihure, and this moiiilng they dili overed a whito 
 Hai',, which the Fatagoiiiaiis had en I'ld on a riling 
 gioiiiid i on which a wliite Hag was liktwil'e huidi'dat 
 the malt head of eath vellil. I'hc Hag which thrfi; 
 Fatas'oniaiis held up, was one given them hv the loin- 
 nuniler of the Ktoile, when lh.it (liip l.>y in Bout miI.'h 
 Bay, in Ihe month of June, 1766, lo that it is evi- 
 dent that the people were the fame. M. Bougainville 
 fpivks in very gratelul terms of the care ih-.k In- 
 dians had taken to preferve the flag. 
 
 As the fliipi were palTiiig the alxive-menlioned puf, 
 a number of nien cliiatlied in the Ikins ol bealls w tc 
 obfrivedon Terra del Fuego, who ran along t.'u fliore 
 with Ihe utmoll ixpi ditioii, in order to keep p >ce with 
 the vclUI) they alfo fre(|uenily biikoiuil with their 
 hands, at if tliey v/iiliid the viiyi.;ers to rtep. I'lit 
 Spaniards fay that tlie iiaiives of tli., pail of I enadcl 
 Fuego, are lefs favage in their manners than nudt 
 other Indians. When M. Bougainville f. iled fioii' Kici 
 dc 1.1 I'lata, a Spanilh (hijiwason the point of fiilini; 
 thence lo convey lome pri'Hs to inllruiit th. le piopic 
 in the dudrincs of Cliri liaiiity. The (hip havniji; 
 come to an anchor in llie afernoor, in Boucauh't 
 Hay, Icveral olliiers from each vi ilel, liaviny, tire- 
 ainis with them, embarked in boats, and went i 11 
 Ihore at the bottom of the bay. The common l..iliir« 
 were ordered to remain in tr>e boats, and to k4cp th. m 
 a float. TTie giiitleinen were no Conner landed tl.in 
 h.ilf a dozen of the natives tame riding up to them in 
 full fpeed. Wlun they were advanced within filty 
 yards of the liiiiih, they difmouiited and came for- 
 waiil, pronouncing the word Sh,iii ri. Having i nine 
 up ijuite dole, they held nut their arms, and laid theni 
 on thole of the uHici rs, whom they (huuk hands 
 with, and enibr.ic.d them, re|«atedly faying Shuw,,; 
 which word was repeated by M. Bougainville and his 
 oflicers. The Fatagonians appeared to be much ple.iled 
 with the company of their mw friends ) hut it was 
 oblerveil that liuiieiif them h.id a miMure ol fear im- 
 printed on tlieir countenances : this, howivcr, wat 
 loon rtm .ved by the hofpitaiity of the oHicers, w hii 
 lent to ilic boats for bread cakes, which were as 
 readily eaten as they were chearlully given. More > f 
 the Indians foon approached, among whom were lonu 
 childixn. T'hey cxprelli'd no kind of lurprilc at thu 
 light of their vifitants, and (eeined not to be unac- 
 quaiiited with the iilc of lire-arms, as appeared bv 
 their making a noife wdiich refeinbUd the npoit o( a 
 gun. The good-iiatuie of thell- ptoplu u.i»expicil'«d 
 in all their ailions : fpnie of the French gentlemen 
 being engaged in collecting pKints, the Patagonians no 
 fooiier faw what kinds they colle<5ted than they immedi ■ 
 atily began to pull up and bring the fame forts. One <jt 
 them obfcrving an olHccr engaged in this cmplov- 
 ment, went to him, and pointing to his eye, which 
 had received an injury, intimated his wifli, that I'ome 
 herb might be fllcwn him the virtues of which would 
 I lie the difordcr j and this was deemed to be a eon- 
 clufive proof that they had an idea of the mcdicitl 
 powers uf herbs. M. Bougainville received fioni thefa 
 Palai'onians a number of (kins of theguanacoe and 
 other bcafts, in exchange f»r n few (dnkets on wfrich 
 
 they 
 
 •c 
 
■\ 
 
 lltv 
 
 lie 
 
 i.l 
 
 .1* 
 nil- 
 
 .It 
 :» 
 
 M 
 ■. f 
 
 .iin< 
 llid 
 
 cn 
 
 , no 
 
 Ji- 
 
 lieot 
 
 1(.V- 
 
 ilch 
 bnie 
 Duld 
 :on- 
 llcal 
 ;l«-r>: 
 aiul 
 rich 
 they 
 
 I 
 
 tjiry (ttmti to ftt t arrat vjIu^-. 
 iiK'ii having rr>l i Injidn 
 
 M. n o u o 
 
 SnmcoC thr k-rntli- 
 
 A I N V I L L L. 
 
 ^ntncol inr ^',i 
 I un, (he nativri advjiiiiil, .tiiJ 
 llroukftl Ihi'in Willi (hiir haniU, rcctiiitig h)My clo- 
 li|{htcd with every tliiii^nt ih^t colour t ihiy iiifo iii.ide 
 (ignt lur fonic tubjci's '■■ol aiofiriiat any thing wat 
 ■ivin (hem, they ciicil out Shtw^i, in t very Iciuil ii\ii 
 nil.u;ri't.iblc (one. A finjll qu.in(i(y nt' brjnjv being 
 (irelinirj to each of the Pa(.i|{oniaiM, they lutl ru 
 liMiner drank, (han they flruck their hjuJt er(H-iteilly 
 ag.iinll lliiir (hro4(^, and I' w with their miiuih>, l» 
 an til |iriuliiie a kimluf trembling liiiiiid, at the cmi- 
 iluliiiniif which they h.id a fingubr nuivering of ihc 
 Iij)». The evening advanced, and (he ginlleincn re- 
 |i.iircd (o their (hips, which wa* no fiKincr obfcrved by 
 the Indians than their uncinneU wa« ex^>^e(^ed in 
 Ihi'ir coiintriianec, and they intinutcd by ligm, that 
 they vvilhed ihcni to remain Imnjer, ai tliey expee'led 
 more of their brethren. The I'rcnch, on the contrary, 
 made fipnn that they would come ai-ain the nc\( day, 
 and bring fueh articles a» the native* had retjiielled 
 of them. M. U(i«(;ainvillc and lim party now walked 
 to their boats accompanied by tbc imlian , one di 
 ^vhom fung fongn till thev reacbed the coalt, and fe- 
 veral of them v^•ellt into i\k water, .11 far a» wlurctl. 
 boatu lay, and Ibijied all the artick> they could lay 
 their hands on, hut when they (aw they were ohkrvcd, 
 they made no lerupic to return lluin. A'' the boalt 
 were rowing oH", many more I'atagonians were obfer- 
 vcd galloppin;; down to tbeir ouintiymen i and (he 
 crews of the boati now cried out //»iu'>i lb loud, (bat 
 the people on Ihoro could not fail to hear (hem. M. 
 Bougainville l>iys, that tbefc Indians were the fame 
 that were fecn by (he crew '-f the ttoile, in the 
 year 17C5, for one of the feamen recollected a perl' n 
 among iliein whum he had before Inn. TbelepeO|'ic 
 are well mad'', and appear to be about the height de- 
 fciibed bv otliT voyagers. Our author fay<, that it 
 is the thickiicts of (heir liinbs, the hrgcnel's of their 
 beads, and tbccxtranidinaiy hie.vllh of their Ihoulders, 
 thai make them appear to be of a gigantic race. The 
 colour of the Pata;^onianj is brown. Their mufcles 
 are ftrong, and their nerves well braced, and a« their 
 food abounds witli juices proper for the nouiKhincnt 
 «f the human fiame, it is no wonder that they ariive 
 •t their full growth. Their ryes are fparkling, 
 iheir teeth very white, their faci . extremely round, 
 but rather flat, and many of them are rather comely 
 men. Some of them have wbifkcr';, wliidi grow 
 long, but are veiy (bin, and thev all tie tl>;ir hair, 
 which is lung and black, on the top of the bead j tlie 
 checks of foire of them are painted red. Their lan- 
 guage has an a;:;iee.iblc and melodious found. Our 
 voyagers did not fee any of the Patagonian wnmen, 
 lh<>uj.',h it was conjeeliircd, that tbc men inten . 
 have brought them from a kind of camp, wh - . 
 peared to be about three miles dilUnt. ftl. Bo'igA...- 
 vllle fays thel".- people wear a piece of leather round 
 the wailt, and a kind of cloak made of Ikin':, which 
 dcfcend to the bottom of the leg, and is i;itt round 
 the body, the part that would otberwi ■ .over the 
 Ihtmlder-., is perr»iited to fall back, fo . ,t the greater 
 part of the body is left naked, t' ii' < .ic climate is 
 ill cold as apparently to require more -.1 vcring than 
 the whole which ihcy wear. [Ic was in the fiininier 
 that M. Bougainville was on the coaft of Hatatjonia, 
 yet, he fays, there w,.s only a fingle day on which 
 the thermometer was obf. rvtd to rife to ten degrees 
 hi:;hcrthin the freezing point.] The reft of the drefs 
 of the Patagonians confiftcd nt a furt of half-boots, 
 made of the (kins of the horfe, and left open at the 
 back part of the Kp. A few of them wore on the 
 thigh a finp of copper, two iiiehes in breadth; and 
 the necks of two very young men were adorned with 
 heads. Some fmall kpives, of the manufacture of 
 England, were fecn in their poiTenion, which our 
 mithiir concludes were the gift of Commodoie Byron ; 
 and their only arms confiftcd of a twifted gut, in the 
 two ends of which were inclofed a round pebble, and 
 weapons of that kind, he fays, are ufcd in all that 
 part of the Amcricaa continent. Their horfcs are 
 Vol. 1. N^ as. 
 
 very poor, 
 bri.lK, ' 
 1.1 
 
 nd of a fm.1I! (ill', .ind the faddlri »nJ • 
 well- luch at are ufe.l by (he n.i'ives ut Ui'i dii 
 Plata. One of thilc people was oblavi.d to hiuo 
 gilt n.'ils on his (addle, ftiirups made of wcod en- 
 clofed nth cop|>fr, a biidle made of liailier twilld, 
 and a emnpli te .Spanifli haiiitfl. I nm l>jud cniililN 
 iliik(l\, as has been ohIcrveJ, of guaiiaeo.s and vi- 
 lunnas and they ea( both the (l> Ih and irarttiw of 
 thole anim.ils. I hey devour this raw, wiih p.reat 
 au.lity, and carry it with (hem on (heir h'lrfej. 
 i refli water beiii;» vciy fearcc in this coimtiy, llio 
 horfes ilMik the I'ea-walcr, as do likcwili: Ihc d>>gs, 
 which are both fmall and ugly. 
 
 It was obfcrved that I'liiiie uf them pronounced iv/- 
 fiilitn, tl'iii ^urn^, and other Sp.inilh woiJ^. M. Hou- 
 gainville cuneludei (bat the P.aagoni.in lead the lame 
 kind of life as the Tartar*, as ihey arc alw lys on 
 hoillback, traverling imnicnfe plains in purluit of 
 wild bealk<, and game i and lie imagines tli it iluy 
 alio, like the Tai'.ais, idutiiier (he c..ia\ ,1:1s <d tiavell- 
 crs ) but this remark .ems unlikely. Our author 
 eoncludes with fayin" that he has '* Since fk>und .t 
 natir.p in the Pacili.. Jcean, where ibj peiulc are 
 taller ihan the Patagonuns." .\1. Bou;aiiiville tells 
 us, th. : the ll''. of this country ii e\l:.mely dry, 
 and very mui.h ' ke that of l-.ilkl nd's IflaniH, the 
 ci'aft, I. wife, ■ 'ii.bitsthel'amekind of fi.a-weeds,nnil 
 Ihells ol (imilar lorts aredrcwcd up 'h ■ hiach. I'hi' 
 . juntryyicji "hrubs.but; dsno,. u!- forftielicr. 
 
 On (be gthof Deteml- . )/''';. 1 i (h; faili of tl;n 
 ved'cls were let, to make ' I aj,.,ii.l .!ij fury of s'iO 
 tide ; but (h y were > -■ ^< 1 agnin to coii;e t' vi an- 
 chor, after (ailing tm / t'lrir mlli- Dmiiig two 
 Aboleilay ;He >• eailu r w„> f ) t,:i ;i ■ 'US lliil mt 
 a boat coi .1 | , ')(}" irem tiii (h j » . .:i -va. a inor« 
 (il'ying ci euiiill I'd-, as j;reat nutiib rs of llie i'lin- 
 gonians \ -re by iiis tiniii p't tuprihii, on the .;iot: 
 where they bad ci iiveil'd w iih tiic olTi'iis v*bo •>, 
 concerned (hat tiny Aire not abb (o I. ip ;';■ i; p - 
 mife with thi'fe fneni!ly peoph, wliofe little wants 
 might have be. n e.dily fupplird. It ; pprari.l by the 
 help of glado., .hat thiy b;td biiilt I vei.d h its on tlia 
 (hore, and it w;is obleivid, thii l^nie ot ih.in W'lc 
 ccnllantly lUopping backwanls aiul foiwaids Hum 
 ibis place ij a fpot where it was fuppolul the 111 un 
 body of tb. ni lay. Early on the morning of the liih 
 the Boudeule luft an aiiclior, by iiie part'iif; of the 
 Cable, loon after winch they let all their fail:, and by 
 the alfiance of the ebb (ide, and a favourable wind 
 they got through the fecond gut in the afternoon, and 
 anchoied on the north (ide of the ide of Klizabeth. 
 As they were detained here two days by tenipelluous 
 weather, and contrary winds, M. Bougainville rc- 
 folved to land on the ide of Klizabeth, where he met 
 with a few buftaids that were at this time hatching 
 their eggs, but thcfe birds were fu intimidated at the 
 fight of our adventurers, that they could not approach 
 near enough to have even a finglc (hot at them. The 
 idand produces no Wood, but only a kind of heath 
 !•■ hich might fiipply its place, as fuel for the fire. 
 The water of this place is brackifh, and the foil 
 extremely dry. Several places were likewifeobftrvcd, 
 which had been marflies that had become dry, and 
 the ground on fome parts of them were covered wi'h 
 a thin crurt of (alt. It was evident that the idand 
 was ocrafionally vifited by the Indians, as the (hells 
 of fome filh they hud eaten were found near where a 
 dead dog was lying, and where it was plain that fires 
 had been made. 1 he adventurers were now on the 
 point of entering that part of the ftreiglits of Mnglicl- 
 l.in which abounds in woods, and the principal dif- 
 ficulties were already overcome. On the afternoon 
 of the 30th the anchors were weighed, and they fail- 
 ed with a ftrong wind in a channel between the 
 idands of Dartheleni'iand Lions, and that of Elizabeth. 
 They were now obliged to coal! the laft named idand, 
 to ftecr clear of a number of breakers, with which the 
 other idands are encompalTcd. Having failed beyond 
 Cape Noir, they obferved th.at the country h.id a plea- 
 fant appearance, being almoll every where covered 
 
* r^wS^''-.-. 
 
 24« 
 
 THE VOYAGE Ot 
 
 * 
 
 1767 
 
 Bay Duclos. 
 
 Fidich Bav. 
 
 with woods, which afforded 4 moft delightful profpcdl 
 to the eye. In the evening tlic wcath'.r bctame lud- 
 denly calm and pleafant, fo that iVl. Bougainville 
 pleali-'d himfclf with the hope ot bciiiu; able to double- 
 Cape Round before the morning ; but in this climiite 
 the molt flattering ap]>carances arc by no means to be 
 relied on ; a truth that was fully evident in the prc- 
 Icnt inllancc j for foon after twelve ut nij;ht the wind 
 fuddcnly (hifted, and blew moft violenilv, bringing 
 with it ftorms of hail, and deluges of rain, whik- a 
 fog.apparently impenetrable, covered the whole toaft. 
 Tiie main-fail of the Boudeufe being fplit by this 
 ftorni, they endeavourcti to make Port Kaminc, ..here 
 they hoped to be (heltered from the tempclt ; hut this 
 attempt was fruitlel's, for the violence of the current 
 was fuch that they loft nine miles in as many hours, 
 and were hurried with amazing rapidity into a large 
 b.iy, formed part of the coalt of Terra del Fuego, 
 which M. Bougainville called Bm Ducks, from the 
 name of the officer who was next in command under 
 the commodore of the expedition, and wholj know- 
 ledge and experience arc mentioned as circumltances 
 highly advantageous to the cntcrprize. This bay is 
 dcfcribed as being very convenient for fliips toaiichnr 
 in, on account of wefterly winiis blowing over the 
 coaft. Two fmall rivers difchargc their ftreams into 
 the bay, the w.iter of which is excellent at about a 
 quarter of a mile from the fea-coaft, though nearer 
 than that diftancc it is impregnated with faline par- 
 ticles. The landing place is a fandy beach, above 
 which a plcafant meadow ftictches itfelf to a con- 
 fiderable diftancc. Behind this meadow the woods 
 raife their lofty heads, and form a kindofamphi 
 theatre. Our adventurers traverfed a confiderablc 
 track of the country, without meeting with any living 
 animal, except a very few parroquets, buftards, ducks, 
 teals, and two or three fnipes. 
 
 Several huts were feen at the mouth of a river which 
 had been conftrucled by twifting branches of trees into 
 the form of an oven. In thefe huts were found a large 
 number of limpets, mufcles, and calcined Ihells, and 
 the huts thcmfel ves appeared to have been recently made. 
 Our adventurers going fome miles up the river, ob- 
 fervcd the track of human creatures, and remarked 
 that the flood came from the eaft at the rifing of the 
 tide, which they had not before obftrvcd in any other 
 part of the ftreightf. The feamcn were now engaged 
 in cutting woodtill the i6th, when the vcflcls failed 
 with a favourable wind, and paiTed Point St. Anne, 
 which covers Port Famine. 
 
 There are four bnys proper for the anchoring of 
 vcflcis, between Cape Forward and Cape Round, and 
 two of thefe bays are fepnratcd by a cape of a moft 
 iingularkind, which confifts of petrified fliells, lying 
 horizontally, and rifing more than fifty y.irds above 
 the level of the fea. M. Bougainville took foundings 
 at the foot of this cnpe, but a line of an hundred fa- 
 thom would not re.ich the bottom. 
 
 As the ftii|)s wore now becalmed for two hours, the 
 ity of ' ■ 
 Cape 
 rly ■ 
 Icf; 
 tude at fifty-four dcg. five min. and forty-five feconds 
 fourh. Its furfacc confifts of two h\\U, fomething 
 more than two miles in extent, one of \\ hich is con- 
 fi(leral-!v higher thi.n tiic other. The tops of thefe 
 hills ar covered with fiio" , which gradually melting, 
 by the warmth of the fun, fiipply with perpetual 
 moifture the roots of trees which arc fixed in the Cre- 
 vices of the rocks. 
 
 Hiiving returned to the fliip, and the wind coming 
 aVnut favourable, M. Bougainville failed in fearch of 
 a hi.rboui, which received the name of Frtnch Bay, 
 '.Ir.re he refolved to take in a quantity of wood and 
 «atcr, as a fupjily during their voyage acrofb the great 
 Soutli K?a. in coiifcqucnce of this refolution all the 
 boats vvtri ii-'i.uulv hoiftcdout, with a view to begin 
 thi'' ncc jfnrv hufincf* the next morning. The night 
 pro' i.n;; cxctflivcl^ ftormy and tcm;)cftuous, it was 
 
 commodore took this opportunity of taking the found- 
 ings near, and the bearings of Cape p'orward, which 
 lie mentions as the moft foutherly point of land on the 
 continent, in the known world ; and he fixes its lati 
 
 pafled in fears and apprchcnfions w hich baffle a'.l dc- 
 fcrintion. 
 
 E.irly in the morning a boat was fent out to ibund 
 the mouth of a river which h.id been previuullv de- 
 nominated Gennes River, from the name <l » g/;iilc- CcDocsRiTcr. 
 man who was partaker in the dangers and hanliliipscf 
 this expedition. As it was low-watei wh. n tii ■ boat 
 rc.icheil the Ihore, htr crow could not land without 
 running her a-ground on a fafid, and it w.is evident 
 that the larger boats could only make the ihore at 
 high water, I'o that their wood and water c(.iild !« 
 brought on board only once a day. For thcfi irafons 
 M. Bougainville determined to anchor in a fni.ill bay 
 about three miles diftant, called after his oan nam-.-, 
 "here he had taken in a loading of wood for F.ilk- 
 land's Iflands in the yc.ir 1765. 
 
 Bougainville Hay, to w.iich they now failed, i* 
 furrouiided by high mountains, which fccurc it from 
 the winds blowing from every point of the compafs, 
 fo that the furface of the water is unruiBed by a fingle 
 breer.e. Having caft their anchors in this b.iy, and 
 made faft the vefiels by means of hawfers tied to fomc 
 tiees on the coaft ; they landed, and found two In- 
 di.in hilts cnnftruckd of the branches of trees, but 
 they did not appear to have hern lately inhabitiil. In 
 the year 1765, M. Bougainville had caufid a hut of 
 bark to be erciited on this fpot, in which he left 
 fome trifles by way of prefent to fuch of the natives 
 ns might happen to wander that way : on this hut 
 he had put up a white flag, but both the flag and the 
 prefents had been taken away, and the hut levelled 
 with the ground. On th» morning of the i8th of 
 December, a kind of Camp was formed on Ihore, by 
 way of guarding the effects which were landed, and 
 piote<Sing the men who were to be employed in taking 
 in wood and water. Small ponds were now dug for 
 the accommodation of thofedeftined towalh the linen) 
 and the water-calks were ftiit on Ihore to be repaired. 
 The crew of the Eagle having cut down many more 
 trees than were wanted for that vcfiel, the labour of 
 this talk was faved to our prefent adventurers, who 
 were likewife happy in finding roads ready made 
 through the woods, lor the convenience of bringing 
 down the timber to the fca-Ihore, At this place the 
 remainder of the month was fpent in the ncciffary 
 employment above-mentioned, and in repairing the 
 Ihips, particularly the Etoile, which had fo large a 
 leak in her ftern, that moft of the hands oti board her 
 were fatigued beyond cxpreftion, by ftanding at the 
 pumps night and day alternately. 
 
 M. Verron, the aftronomcr, now landed on a little 
 ifland which was denominated the The Ijk of Obfii^^O' lilv of Obfcr- 
 tory, from its being a pl.icc admirably calculated for vjory. 
 making aftronomical obfervations; bur his labours 
 were fruitlefs, owing to thecloudincfs of the weather, 
 which is almoft perpetual in this country. At fomc 
 periods, however, the fun appeared free from clouds, 
 and melted a part of the (now which had lodged on the 
 mountains of the main land. Whenever this fine 
 weather happened, the prince of NalT.iu, attcmUd by 
 M. de Commerfon, a cclebr.itcd botanift, went in 
 Icarch of plants and herbs, and they were very I'uc- 
 cef'.ful in their rcfearch^s: but the gentlemen %vho en- 
 deavoured to filh or to hunt for animals, were not f<> 
 lucky, for they never caught any hfli j — and a fox w;* 
 only' killeu, fn little fuccefs had they in their fearch 
 aftir quadrupeds. 
 
 The French commander intending to take a furvcy 
 of thocoafts of the main land, and of thofe of Terra 
 del Fuego, wfnt in his boat on the azd in the morn- 
 ing, having two gentlemen in company who intended 
 to go with him as far as Cape Holland. At firft, they 
 had fair weather, but were afterwards overtaken by a 
 hurricane, and obliged to run into the mouth of a 
 fmall river for Ihelter, They waited in hope that the 
 temp -ft would abate j but in thi' mean while were be- 
 numbed with cold, and wet to the fkin, and at leii'ith we iv 
 forced to land and cut down fome branches of trees for 
 thepurpofe of conftrudting fome huts in which they 
 might lodge for the night, to defc&d them from the in- 
 7 clemency 
 
 Pethcr 
 
 BuHbil 
 
 Curmsr 
 dicrc Ba 
 
 Two'iirt 
 
 Sll:'«l-ln 
 
 Muuiiui 
 
 The Bay 
 
 J'ort of tl 
 CaTcaJe. 
 
 'V* 
 
'iST- 
 
 ••■;'^-' 
 
 M. BOUGAINVILLE. 
 
 247 
 
 ' CcDnuRirer. 
 
 Pnhcrais. 
 
 nuubanin. 
 
 CurwiKrin- 
 dicrc Bay. 
 
 TwoSillcn. 
 Sii ■»i-l.>,it" 
 Muunuin. 
 
 The Bay and 
 Vort of the 
 CafciJc. 
 
 clemcncf of the weather I hut it continued to blow 
 and rain violently, aiiJ was To colJ, that the gentle- 
 men found their fKuatiun untcnitble, and ihcrclore 
 they fhcltercd themfclvcs In the belt manner they coulii 
 under the fail of the boat, keeping up aUr^e Hrc all 
 night. They loft no time in returning to tlie boat in 
 the morning, which carried th;m to their Ihip in good 
 time i as it Teemed very probable that it they had 
 ftayed much lunger, the weather growing more and 
 morcboiftruus, would not have admitted of their re- 
 turn, and this on fuch a coatl, that their cafe mull 
 have been dcfperatc.* Neverthelel's, when the tem- 
 peft had fublidcd, M. Bougainville, with the true 
 fpiritof one bent upon difcovery, refolved to go upon 
 a fecond expedition. Early in the morning of the 
 a9th, he embarked with the prince of NaAau, and 
 two others i the long-boat of the Boudeufc, and the 
 Ktoilc's barge having been equipped and provided with 
 mufqucts and fwivel guns for that purpofc. In about 
 fix hours they gained tlie coaft of Terra del Fuego, 
 and landing, fat down to a repaft in a place where the 
 natives had left a number of huts Handing. They 
 afterwards coafted the country for aconfiderable time, 
 and then crofled an inlet, which M. Bougainville, 
 for many reafqns, fuppofed to be a ftreight leading to 
 the fea, at no great diltancc from Cape Home. Hav- 
 ing almoft reached the opp^rite fide of the inlet, the 
 French difcovered feveral of the inhabitants on the 
 point of a bay, whither the adventurers fleered, and 
 the commander recollected that the people he then 
 faw, were the fame who he had remembered in the 
 courle of his former voyage. They generally made 
 ufe of the word Ptcheraii in the fame manner as thofe 
 already defcribed had done of Shawa, and thence they 
 had obtained their name, beftowed (asmoft appella- 
 tions of new-difcovered people and places arc in a 
 whiinfical manner) by the French. 
 
 Thefe Indians were feenaflembled to about the num- 
 ber of forty of both lexes, and feveral of their ca- 
 nos were obferved in a creek adjacent. The evening 
 however advancing, M. Bougainville could not ftay 
 long with the Pccherais j but left them with a view 
 to reach an inlet where he intended to fpend the night. 
 Failing however of accomplilhing this purpofe, tor 
 want of time, he landed on the bank of a river, and 
 ordered tents to be fuppliedby the fails, and making 
 a large fire, the party were better accommodated than 
 theylnd been the foregoing night. The inlet above- 
 mentioiK'd was found toformanexcellent harbour, and 
 on that accountreccived the name of Aiiu^a^/it from 
 the adventurers. 
 
 M. Bounard was left here to take an account of 
 every thing that might be thought worth notice, with 
 orders to return after he had made the furvcy In the 
 long-boat to the (hips. But the commander him- 
 felf, with part of the company, embarking in the 
 barge, rowed to the wcftward and difcovered an ifland, 
 on the coaft of which they faw feveral of the natives 
 catching fifli. They arrived at a bay before evening, 
 til which they gave the name of de la Ccrmtranilitrt, 
 from a rock that lay about a mile diftant from it. 
 
 Thoy left this bay on the 29th early in the morning, 
 and palled between two iflands, which M. Bougain- 
 ville called Tht Two Si/itn, which arc about nine 
 miles from Cape Forward, fo often mentioned in our 
 voyages. They foon after faw a mountain, whofe 
 figure was like that of a cane, which they denominated 
 T*f Sugar-loaf, and in the courfc of this day, they 
 came to a convenient bay and port, into which there 
 fell a remarkable cafcade ; which were therefore dif- 
 tinguifhed by the appellation of Thi Bay and Port of 
 thi Ca/carlf. They found gootl anchorage there, and 
 it is defcribed as a place very proper for wooding and 
 watering veflels. The water-fall is formed by the 
 ftream of a fmall river, that meanders between a num- 
 
 • The fnow was ilmoft i.o»uliiu»l, tlinugh it was Midfuin- 
 mer, and ilic day in thcfe parts was then ciglrtecn hours long. 
 i Bcauiiful Bay. 
 
 bcr c( lofty hills i and it dtfcends from the fide of a 
 rock ubuvc forty yards perpendicular. I'he French 
 cuniinandcr went to the top of the cafcade, and from 
 thence took a view of the adjacnt country. He fiiys 
 that there are linall plains, in I'ume p;>rts of which pro- 
 duce a fort of fpungy mofs, but in others the ground 
 is covered with tliitkcts. As to the trees and plants 
 they appeared to be the fame as thole of the Patatjo- 
 nian coafts ; and the country in general has much the 
 :(pi>carance nt Falkl.md's Ijlands. He defcribes all 
 that part of Terra del Fucgo, from thefpot where he 
 then w.is, to that which lay oppufiie Eliz:ibi'tli 
 illand, in general covered with (now. No trncc; of 
 inhabitants were found here, the reafon of which was 
 fuppofed to be the natives being no where able to ob- 
 tain the neccllaries of life, except upon the fea- 
 coalh. 
 
 The French remained at Port Ciifcadc during the 
 night of the 2gth, which was rendered highly difa- 
 grecable by incelliint rain, and intenfe cold ; and on 
 the morning of the following dny they croflld the 
 ftrcight withaboilterous wind, and a rough fea, which 
 made the navigation dangerous to final! veflels. The 
 rain kept pouring down almoft the whole of this dav, 
 which wascmployc-d in viewing the co.ift, and making 
 fuch remarks as may be ufeful to future navigators. 
 Our voyagers had now a very narrow ticape witli 
 their lives, the boat having been nearly ov.rfet in 
 eroding a bay, owing to a miftake of the fteerfman 
 in the management of the helm ; at length, however, 
 they got fate on board the Buudeuf , and as the com- 
 manding officer, during M. Bougainville's ablence, 
 had fhippcd every thing that was nectfliry, prepara- 
 tions were immediately made for failing. They de- 
 parted from Bougainville Bay in the afternoon of the 
 j 1 ft of December, 1767, and in the evening came 
 to an anchor in the road of Port Gallant, which is 
 fituated at the bottom of Fortcfcue Bay, were detained 
 no lefs than three weeks by fuch bad weather, as the 
 inhabitants of thefc milder climes cannot form an 
 adequate idea of. On the firft of January, 1768, 
 M. Bougainville dil'pntchcd u party in a bo:it, to make 
 remarks on the coalt, as far as Elizabeth Bay, and 
 to take a view of the numerous illands, with which 
 this part of the ftrcights of Maghtllan abounds. 
 Two of thcfe iflandt, to which Sir Jol.n Narborougli 
 formerly gave the name of Charles and Monmouth, 
 werediftinctly fi-en from the place where the fljips lay 
 at anchor ; but thofe which he had dcnominatcid the 
 Royal Ifles, and Rupert Ifland, were at too great a 
 diftance to be viewed from M. Bougainville's prefcnt 
 ftation. Notwithftanding the fevcrity of the weather, 
 and the almoft inceflant rains, the crew which had 
 been fent out, landed on different places, at one of 
 which it was evident that fome Englifti fliips had 
 lately touched ; for on feveral trees they faw initial 
 letters, and even whole names cut in the wood} they 
 alfo faw many Ipice laurel trees, the bark of which 
 had been lately taken off, with other plain indica- 
 tions who they were that had vifited the fpot, but 
 what put the matter beyond all doubt, were the words 
 " Chatham, March, 1 766," which were very legible 
 on apiece of wood, of that kind which is frequently 
 affixed to oicces of cloth in the royal marine ware- 
 houfesof Great Britain. The aftronomer, M. Ver- 
 ron, in the mean time had his aftronomical inftru- 
 ments conveyed to a pcninfula, by which the harbour 
 is formed, in order to make obfervaiions for afcertain- 
 ing the bearing and diftances of particular capes ; but 
 the rcfultof his obfcrvations would afford neither in- 
 flruiflion nor entertainment to our readers. 
 
 The weather was fo cxquifitcly fcverc on the 4th 
 and 5th of January, that no pen can defcribe it, nor 
 any imagination conceive an idea of it. A violent 
 ftorm of wind was attended with inceiTant rain or 
 fnow, and the kecneft biting coldnefs in the air. M. 
 Bougainville informs us that during this fcvere wea- 
 ther he fent out a boat to fearch for a convenient an- 
 choring place on the coaft of Terra del Fuego, and 
 an excellenC one was found to fouth-weft of Charles 
 
 ia4 
 
 irtS 
 
34$ 
 
 t tit VOYAGE O r 
 
 liitd Monmouth Iflands. On the 6th the weather 
 was more moderate than it had been for Come days 
 part. In the morning of this day four fmall boats, 
 with Indians on board them, were obferved at the 
 point of Cape Gallant, one of which advanced to- 
 wards M. Bougainville's fliip, while the reft rowed 
 towards the bottom of the bay- In the boat which 
 approached the Boudeufe, were a man, his wife and 
 two children, the former of whom went on board, 
 without the Icift apparent fign of fear, leaving the 
 woman and children in the boat. Soon after this 
 man had gone on hoard two Indians from the other 
 boats followed his example, bringing their children 
 with them. Thcfe people fcemcd not to exprefs the 
 kaft furprife cither at the ftruiflurc of the Ihip, or at 
 any thing they faw on board her. 
 
 The commodore prevailed on them to dance and 
 fmg, and alfo treated them with a kind of concert of 
 mufic. He likewife gave them bread, and difi'erent 
 kinds of meat, all of which they devoured with avi- 
 dity, fceming equally pleafed with every thing that 
 was given them, and with every occurrence that paf- 
 fed i nor could they be pcrfuaded to quit the fliip till 
 fevcral pieces of fait meat had been put into the boats. 
 He fays they arc clothed with leal (kins, which are by 
 far too fmall to cover the whole of the body ; and with 
 thefe fkins they make the f.iils of their boats and the 
 covering of their huts. They are likewife pofllfled 
 of a few of the (Icins of the guanacoc, but our aulhoi 
 does not mention to what ule they a]>ply them ( tho' 
 it ftiould feem prob.iblc that they form a part of their 
 clothing. M. Bougainville dcfcribes thcfe Indians 
 as thin, (hort, and ugly; and that a moft oftcnfive 
 fmell is the confequencc of keeping them company. 
 The women are ftill more difagreeablc than the men, 
 who do not appear by any means fond of them. It is 
 the duty of the females to fteer the boats, and to re- 
 pair any damage that may ha|>pen to them ; and they 
 are often obliged to fwim after them through the fea- 
 weeds J nor are even women who have fucking chil- 
 dren cxcufcd this duty j but the child is carried on the 
 mother's back, eiiclofed in the Ical-fkin that forms 
 her drcfs. When the women are on fliore, their bufi- 
 nefs is to collect (hells and wood ; nor do the men 
 even (hare with them in tliis employment. 
 
 The bor.ts are conftruiflcd of the bark of trees, 
 fattened together with ru(hcs, and the feams are caulk- 
 ed with niofs. A fire is conftantly kept in the mid- 
 dle of the boat, on a heap of fjncf, vhich is placed 
 to prevent the turning of the vcflil. Their arms con- 
 fift of bow? and arrows formeil of the branches of the 
 baiberry-btifli, which grows plentifully in thcfe parrs. 
 The arrows are |>ointed wiih (h.irp Hones, and the 
 ftring of the bow is made of the gut of fnme animal j 
 but they ufe not thcfe wea]><ins againll an enemy j 
 they are dcfigncd only for the dLllrnction of birds or 
 Other animals proper for the iLipport of life. 
 
 M. Bougainville fays that thele In<!; uis ufe a kind 
 of harpoon, for the purpnie of (trikin, (h, which is 
 made of bones, it is about twelve inilies in length, 
 pointed at the end, and indentid on o!i'- of its fide«. 
 The principal fublittanrc of thole people ift fi(h ; but 
 it is fuppoli'.l that fliey fometimes catch game, as they 
 have tloL'S of the fportin'j kind, and fprings or noofe>, 
 adapted for the fnaring of quadrupeds. The teeth of 
 all the natives are very bad, which our author attri- 
 bute? to the r.itinj of fifli when boiling hot ; though 
 they ilu not h.ilf ooil it before it is fo eaten. They 
 live in huts which have no partition of rooms, in the 
 mid. lie of which a fire is lighted, that lerves the whole 
 family. The difpofition of thefe people is of the 
 arr.i;ible kind ; but their extreme good nature borders 
 on wcaknef* ; they believe in tvil genii, and have 
 pricfts and pliyficians, whom thcv fiip]infc capable of 
 dcprtcat'n; th" venecance of thclL- invifible enemies. 
 M. Iioui;.iinville obferves, that the Pichna-s have the 
 fewef? conveniences of life of any people he has ever 
 kno«n, yd tliey do not repine, but appear to be con- 
 tented with tlicirfimple fituation j although they live in 
 the moft inclement climate hitherto difcovcrcd in that 
 7 
 
 habitable part of the globe.—— BefiJcs the other 
 peculiarities of their fate, they .ire fewer in nun.btr 
 than any other kno*n race of men ; yet this little^ 
 iocietyj cut olVas it is from all intercom fe with tlie 
 reft of mankind, is not totally free from the vice* 
 common to larger ttites, as a contcft for dominion 
 exifts even among them, and the more )X)werlul are 
 perpetually labouring to diftrcfs the weaker. 
 
 'i"hc inclemency of the weather, during the yth and 
 8th ot the month, was fuch, that the crews of the 
 (hips could not venture on (hore ; and though it wrs 
 even no* the fuinmer time, the adjacent country wm 
 covered with fnow, which alfo lay on the (hip to the 
 depth of fevcral inches. On the 9th the Indians wlia 
 had previoufly painted their bodies with red aii<i white 
 (freaks, advanced towards the (hips, but feeing the bo.as 
 go off towards their habitations, all •( th'.m, except 
 one followed the (liips boats, and lh.it went on board 
 the Etdlle, where (he remained but a little while, and 
 then followed the others.- The crews of the boats 
 having landed, went to the huts of the Ir.di.'ini:, who 
 fcemen by no means to rellfh this uii«xpc<51ed vifit, 
 which was particularly evinced by the women having 
 all retreated to one hut, the men invited the French 
 failors into thofc huts where the womi-n were not to 
 be found, and the Frenchmen having accepted the 
 invitation, were treated with (holl-fi(h, which tlie In- 
 dians fucked before they delivered them to their vifitors. 
 The behaviour ol tlie natives was livily, and they 
 entcrtai'ied their guefts with d.incing and finginj ; 
 they revelled with uncontroukd deliiihr, when, tiicir 
 mirth wa.s inteiruptcd by an uiwxpet^tctl accident ; 
 a boy, who was the fen of one of the Indians, 
 was fuddcniy fiircd w ith a difordcr which orciit'ioncd 
 the moft violent convuliicni-, and fpa.in^ c; blood. 
 This child had been on board tlii. Jitoile, uheie the 
 fe;im'^n had prclVnted him wiih fonje piece? of glaf', 
 and as thete Indians arc accul^omed 10 put things 
 of this kind up their nollnls, and into theif 
 throats, it was fuppufcd this youth had laki n the fame 
 meafure, and that the faial cfiVcls wliicii (ollowcd 
 were the confequencc of his having fwallowed the 
 glafs. It is here proper to remark, tiiat th- lec'.t (it 
 confidcr the fwallowmg of fubftances whitn refmble 
 glafi^, as a preventive rtniedy againft ctitain diforders 
 to which they are liable. The lip-^, paUic, and gums 
 of the boy where cut : and as he bled freely, the In- 
 dians conceived an idea that the Frcnclmicn h.id vio- 
 lated the rights of hofpitaliiy, and injured him, whom, 
 by all the laws of honour, they were bound to treat 
 with civility. This circunilbiice gave rile to ajca- 
 louTy and diftrud no way favourable to their European 
 villtori:, whom thiy could not look on in a favourable 
 light, while they thoguht they had cauled the thild's 
 illncfs. A linen jacket having been given to this child 
 by the French, lie was (hipt of it, and it was thrown at 
 their feet, but it was inftantly feizcd by an Indian, who 
 did not feem to dread the powers of inchantmcnt. 
 'l"hc child being laid on his back, a conjurer knelt 
 li( tween his legs, and prefTing the body forcibly with 
 Ins hand and head, utterred a number of inarticulate 
 vociferations. At repeated intervals, during this cere- 
 mony, he arofe and opening his hands, which had 
 been before grafped, he blew in the air with his mouth, 
 as if defirous of driving away fcme evil geiiius. 
 While tliisbufinefs was tranfii3;ng, an ancient woman 
 bawled in the ears of the child fo as to deafen him with 
 her noitf, and indeed the remedy fccmed to be, in the 
 literal phrafc, worlo than the dileafe. The conjurer 
 having retired for fomc time, returned in a newdrffs, 
 and, with an air of triumph, renewed hi» incantations, 
 but with no better (uccefs than be/ore. His hair had 
 been powilered, and his head was diftinguiftlrd by 
 two wings fimilar to thofc with which Mercury it 
 reprcfented by the painters. The life of the child nowr 
 appearing to be even in more danger than before, the 
 French captain haftily bnptifid him, unobfcrveil by 
 the Indians. Some-officers h.iving repaired on board 
 the (hip and acquainted the commodore with what w a» 
 tranfaifling, he went on (hore with th. iurgcun, who 
 
 took 
 
M. BOUGAINVILLE. 
 
 W) 
 
 took fome gnicl and milk with him, and when they 
 came to the fpot, they found tliat the .iiiH;;lt-r 
 was aflifted by another pcrfon habited like hiiiili^lf, 
 and that the patient had fuffcrcd much from their 
 qbfurd attempts to relieve him, yet were tliefr attempts 
 continued, without any complaint on the .lan of the 
 poor boy. The aft'edlion of tlie parents, ,ind i idced, 
 of the whole company of Indian", was m.nifi ted by 
 floods of tears, and by many other cxprcflions ..i grief ; 
 and when it was obferved, that the Krenchmen fcemed 
 to fliarc in their misfortune, they appeared to be lefs 
 diffident of the conduit of the ifrangcrs, and at length 
 they permitted the furgeon to examine the mouth of 
 the fick youth, which being bloody, had been re- 
 pe.itedly mckcd by his father and another man. After 
 fome time the father accepted the gruel, and permitted 
 his fon to drink fome milk, hut not till the French 
 gentleman had repeatedly tafted it in his prefencc. 
 The conjurers appeared to be jealous of the furgeon, 
 but they could not help confeffing the fuperiority of 
 his abilities. It was remarked, that while one of thcjfe 
 Indian phyficians was endeavouring to drive away the 
 diforder, the other was bufily employed in deprecat- 
 ing that vengeance v. hich they fuppoled the vilit of the 
 ftrangers hacT occafioned. In the evening the child 
 appeared to be in lefs pain ; but, from many circum 
 ftances, it was ftill evident, he had fwallowcd fome 
 pieces of glafs. M. Bougainville and the furgeon now 
 went on board, and it is conjedlurcd, that the boy died 
 about two o'clock the next morning ; for foon after 
 that time loud cries were heard, and af day-break 
 the Indians departed from a place which had been 
 fo peculiarly fatal to them ; for the lofs of even one 
 member of fo fmall a community, could not but be 
 an objeft of great and public concern. On the 13th 
 and 14th the weather was fo bad that it was impolTible 
 to think of failing;, and on the 15th the vcficls were 
 detained by a ftrong contrary wind ; but on the fol- 
 lowing day they failed, with a favourable brcc7.c, 
 which, however, foon Ihlfted, and prevented their 
 reaching Ru port Ifland, ofFwhrch it was M. Bou- 
 
 fainville's intention to have anchored. After a whole 
 ay of fatigue and danger, they returned to Port 
 CJalant, and anchored a^aiu near their former 
 ftation. 
 
 On the 1 7th the ftorms were more violent than they 
 had ever yet been, the fca ran to a mountainous height, 
 and the wind blew in fuch contrary directions, that 
 the (ippriting waves dcftroyed e.^'c'; other. The ftorm 
 having in fome degree fubfidcd before noon, a loud 
 peal of thunder was prefently heard, after which the 
 winds blew with increafing violence. The an- 
 chors of the fhips having dragijtd, the tn"-mafts and 
 lower yards were ftruck, to avoid the dreadful con- 
 i'cquenccs of the ftorm. .^t this time, however, the 
 Ihrubs and plants were in hloom, and the trees were 
 covered with a luxuriance of verdure. 
 
 Ontheaill and the following days the weather 
 was extremely windy, while it rained and fnowed in- 
 cefVantly. The night of the 21 ft indeed w.is mode- 
 rately calm ; but this calm fervedonly as the preliulc 
 to a ftnrni, which dcfcended with aggravated fury; 
 fuch a (li>rin as the oldert f.iilor on board had never 
 remembered, but its coiitiiuiancc was by no means 
 proportioned to its violence. On the 24th the weather 
 bring fine and fcrene, preparations were made for 
 failing, and on tho following day the anchors were 
 wcii;hed, -.iiid the velUls got under way. Having ar- 
 rived at C!:ipc (^lod, the commodore thus dvlcribes 
 it: Its fiL;ure, he fay<, is verv finguhir, confiOing of 
 craggy rocks, the moil elevated of which bear a rtrong 
 rel'enihlaner to the ruins of ancient buililing. Frorn 
 Bay (iilat't to t'i-: C.ip'-, the verdant appearance of 
 tlif trocs t.iVjsott', in fome degree, that horror which 
 would oiherwifc arif;: iiv the mind from the conflant 
 fi;;ht ot the fiimmit; of mount.iins which ate always 
 frozen. After p illiiv; C.ipe Qiiod, the f.icc of the 
 country was lot-llv changed, both lides of the freights 
 cvhihiling a pro(';va of roek';, wliiili are uncovered 
 t\.n with C-.i- (tii'hi.ll layer ot earth. The tops of 
 Vi,i.. J. N 22. 
 
 thefc rocks arc cloathcd with external fnow, while 1767 
 
 the valleys between tliem are choaked up with pro- >■ — . — ' 
 digious quantities of iee, which have the apjicaranca 
 ot" having been congealed for a long feries of years. 
 So dreadful is the appearance of tins part of the 
 (freight, that Sir John Narhorough gave it the n.inic 
 of Dejc/alion ; and in i\\ii it is defolate and dreary be- 
 yond all defcription. 
 
 When M. Bougainville's fliip was oppofitc Cape 
 Qiiod, the coaH of Terra del Fuego, at the diftancc 
 ot fortv miles appeared as is terminated by a projecting 
 cape. There arc three capes on the continent which .^ 
 our adventurers called Eioilc Cape, Ucudcuft Cape, ^^wWuil^'^' 
 Split Cape, the laft of which is fo denominated from ^_"^^^^''^ 
 its figure. The ftreight which in this part is about t-pii; c.ipr. 
 fix miles wide, received the name of Ling Reach. As 1." j Ke;,i!i. 
 the cveningof 26th was very fine, M. Bougainville de- 
 termined to continue his way under an eafy fail ; about 
 two hours before iniduight a thick fog cimc on, the 
 wind arofe, and the rain poured dewn in torrents, 
 while it became fo excclhve dark that no land could 
 be feen. The fituation of the fhips was now fupjiofcd 
 to be oppofitc Cape Monday, and the night was fpent 
 in Handing otV and on fhore, in momentary expec- 
 tation of lomc fatal accident. The land being feen 
 at day-break, they hoifted additional fails and pro- 
 ceeded with rapidity, till they reached Cape Pillar, 
 when they had light of the main ocean, into which 
 they arrived under a full fail, on the evening of the 
 fame day ; having by the advantage of thirty-fix 
 hours fair wind, (ailed from Port Galant into the 
 great South Sea, without once coming to anchor. 
 M. Bougainville was (even weeks and three days in 
 pa(ring the ftreights of Maghellan, the whole h iigth 
 of which from Cape Virgin Mary to Cape Pillar, 
 he computes at about 340 miles. Though the 
 parting the ftreights is a work of fome diihculty 
 and danger, our author recommends it as more fafe 
 than the doubling of Cape Horn, if undertaken be- 
 tween the months of September and A,jiil ; but 
 during the red of the year he advifes the pafiing 
 throU!;h the open fca, and he obfcrves that the lo(t 
 time in failing through the Maghcllanic Streights 
 is amply repaired by the conveniences of taking in 
 wood and water, and the chance there is of the feurvy 
 making lefs havock among a crew when they have 
 repeated opportunities of landing. Hi- adds, that 
 when he left the ftreights lie had not a lin^Ic invalid 
 on board eitheir of his vedels. 
 
 The commodore now failed nearly a wc{terlv courfe, 
 having prcvioufly agreed with the captain of the Kloile 
 that he (hould keep company w Ith the BouJeiife dur- 
 ing the nights, and in the morning of each day (hould 
 fail as far as he could to the foiithuard, without lofin"- 
 fight of the other vcfl'el, in order that the fliips mi^ht 
 command as extcnfive a profpedt as pollible tiy which 
 means it was hoped that fome new difcovcries might 
 be made. 
 
 On the 30th of Januar)', while the fea ran very 
 high, one of the crew of the lioudeufe fell overboard, 
 and was drowned, notwitlidanding every endeavour 
 to prefervc his life. — From this time till the 17111 of 
 February, M. Bougainville failed in fcarch ot what 
 is called Davis's Land, which was diicovercd by om 
 countryman of that name, in 1686, and he fays, 
 that following the direiflions laid down in M. de 
 Bellin's rliart, he mud have failed over this land.— 
 On the 1 7th, (ea gulls were feen, and as thefe birds do 
 not go above eighty leagues from land, it was refolved 
 not to alter the courfe of the fliips for three days ; 
 but within this period no land was dlfcovercd. The 
 wcftcrly wind, with a (light variation to the north 
 and foiitli, prevailed from the 23d of February to the 
 ^d of March, during which time they had rain and 
 thunder every day, immediately before or foon after 
 the fun had reached the meridian. This variation of 
 the wind, from what is commonly called the trade 
 wind, is mentioned by M. Bougainville as an extra- 
 ordinary circumltance. — Soon after the fhips hi.d got 
 clear of the ftreights of Maghellan, an epidcmieal 
 T 1 1 fore 
 
THE VOYAC;t OK 
 
 !.,> 
 
 Ila:p IP.. 
 
 fore thront uttacked almoft every man on board, which 
 ■' wjj I'liRi) br putting vinejar and red hot bullets into 
 tlif w.iitr-c;i(ks, ib that bv the end of March, the 
 iivw w.Tc recuvcrctl. Kor fcveial davs alter tliis (lo- 
 riod, Inch a quantity of bonctlas, ajid other tilh was 
 tij^hr, as atKorded one meal daily to every man on 
 board. On the 2ilt a runny fifli was taken, in the 
 b llv r>f «liich were a number of hnall tilh. Inch 
 kinds as are known not to (\vim far out to fea, whence 
 it uas concluded, that land could not be at any great 
 dillancc, and on the following day this conjecture a|i- 
 pcared to be well founded, for four vcrv I'mall iflands 
 Wert then difcovered, to whicli M. Ijous^ainviilegave 
 tile name of La quali / Fucurdins ; but as thele were too 
 nuich to the windward of the (hips, they held on 
 their wav, (leering for another ifland, which was al- 
 nioll rlv^ht a-head. 
 
 As the vehi..' advanced towards this latter ifland, it 
 was obferved, that it abounded with cocoa-nut trees, 
 the fruit of which had a very temptinjr appearance. 
 l"hefe trees grew on plats of grafs, flrewed with an 
 abundance of beautiful flowers ; and tlie reft of the 
 illand was cloathed with trees of \'aiious kinds. Iin- 
 menfe numbers of birds were (i:i:n on the coal}, which 
 was therefore fuppofcd to afford a plenty of hlh, hut 
 the (ea running high, and no harbour being diieovefed, 
 ill which the voyagers might.hope for protecHon trum 
 the fury of its waves, they were prevented from land- 
 ing, when they had coalled the ifland for about two 
 nllle^, they h.ad fight of three men, who advanced 
 hallily towards the ftiore. M. Boup;ainville at lirlt 
 imagined that thefe people were part of the crew of 
 Ibnie European fliip, which had been wrecked on the 
 coalf, and imprelRd with this idea, he gave the ne- 
 ccfiary orders for aflbrding them the wifhed for relief: 
 but he loon difcovered that his conjeclure was ill- 
 founded, for the people retired to the woods, from 
 whence, in a (hort time, illued a number of them, 
 Itippofcd to be near twenty, with long Haves in their 
 hands, which ihcy held up with an air of thrcatcn- 
 inu and defiance. This being done, they retreated to 
 the woods, in which, by the help of glalles, theii ha- 
 bitations were plainly feen. 'rhcfe iflanders were 
 very tall, and of a copper complexion.* ])uringthe 
 night betw.i:i the 22d and 23d, they had much rain, 
 aecompanii 1 with violent tluindcr, while the wind 
 
 blew almolf a tcmpclK At the dawn of day 
 
 land was difcovered, which appeared ti be a regular 
 level, fulTicientlv cloathed with verd' e. Kreakers 
 beini; obferved on thecoaft, the lh'p> it.iud out to fea, 
 fill the we.uher becoming more calm, they might ap- 
 proach thrlhore with greater fallty, whieli happened 
 before n'>o;i J thev tli.ii coalUd the illand, which is 
 ihaped lifce a horfe-llioe, and its iiifide is filled by the 
 fea. Soniepartsof this ifland produce cocoa-nut and 
 olhertrces whlcli atfbrd a very agreeable (hade, but 
 the ureaier part of it is only a f..nd, on w hich grows 
 no kind of \erdurc.— — Many Indhins were ob- 
 ferved in boats, Ibmc of tir.ni rowing, and nihers 
 failing, on the lake, formed by thelhap-.of the ifland. 
 Thefe people w-.re all naked, and in the evening, 
 larse numbers of them were feen on the fh')re,vvitli 
 pikes in iheir hands, like thofe with v.Iiich the inha- 
 bitants of the llle of l.ancc-bearcrs were armed. — 
 Night ailvaiic.'d bc.'bre any proper place was found 
 fill" the (hip's boats to land, nor were they more fuc- 
 cefsful in their relearches in the morning, wherefore 
 thev lield on th?ir courl".-, M. iJougainville having 
 called the place Ihiip Ijlo-d , the inhabitants of which 
 had the appearance of being tall, and genteelly made. 
 In the evening of the day on which Harp Ifland was 
 dileovcrcil, th'.v had fight of other land, at thedif- 
 taiice of lometliing nuie than twenty miles, which 
 
 ' -ll,.:!' 
 
 cli Mi\.i; 
 
 cr fitnis toiliinl. it a f'lrt of mv llcry li",v 
 
 ' J 111: i* iciii-ii \ ii\ .1^1.1 i^^ii" J ." • "• ■■■; .• 
 
 till, fiilitari. ilUr.il was linl peopleil 1 liowcvcr, m- timl he had 
 (ten fpurotl'crs alxmt the inliabiiinE <if uhicli till fimcduulits 
 niitlii liaic iiiii -n, i-nd l'«ii<: o"!^ a'lcrwards lie dilcorircd « 
 |j--iir iflaiiil, H'jni v.litiKe tlic lutivei liiii: Ijoken of iliijiiitliof- 
 fi'.ih have coaiv 
 
 had tlic appearance of being, what it afocrtx.ird* 
 
 was found to be, a duller of illaiids, clevui of 
 
 which W.IS fcen, and received the name of the Daiigtr- lij. -ci. - 
 
 vti //n/jiiti/aac. Our author coiijeaurts, that they Au;.i;k.:h,€.v 
 
 are more numerous, and oblerves, that it is dangerous 
 
 (ailing among them, as they arc furrounded with 
 
 (hoals and breakers, through which a vefl'el ought to 
 
 rteer with peculiar care. 'I'hc (hips now (tood 10 the 
 
 louth, and by the 2ijth of the month, were out of 
 
 fight of all l.'iud. f 
 
 Nothing material happened from this time till to- 
 wards theeiid of March, when the we.ither was boif- 
 terous and ftormy to a very great degree, for fevera! 
 days fucccflively ; and the fcurvy now began to at- 
 tack fevcral of the crew. 'I'o combat the ill irtects 
 of this dilbider, every invalid received daily a pintof 
 lemonade, in which was inful,.d a powder that h;u] 
 been frequently uli-'d with fuccefs during the voyage. 
 About this time they were much in want of friili wa- 
 ter, which was procured by the Jiltillation of fea- 
 water, according to a procels invented by M. I'oilTo- 
 nier ; and the water thus procured was ufed in boil- 
 ing meat and making broth. 'I'hc bread was kneaduj 
 with falt-water. — A llecp mountain, which appearcJ 
 to be encompalVed by the fea, was difcovered on the 
 (econd of April, and received the name of the &«</«>, nouii«u(e 
 or Bouiltiifc fcii, from that of M. Bougainville's \'ai„ 
 (hip. IJeariiig to the northward of this peak, they 
 had fight of land, which extended farther than the 
 eye could reach. By iliis time it was become 
 necellary for the (liip to put in at fome port, where 
 they might obtain rtfrcfliRients, and take in a fupply 
 of wood. For the greater part of this day the wea- 
 ther was wholly calm ; in the evening a breeae 
 
 fprangup, which conveyed the (hips near the newly 
 difcovered land ; but it was thought prudent to (land 
 off .ind on, for the night. In the morning they had 
 fight of more land to the northward, but were not 
 able todiliinguifli whether it was another ifland, ura 
 part of that which they had before fcen. In the night 
 between the 3d and 4th of the month, fires were ob- 
 ferved on ("everal places, from whence it was conjec- 
 tured that the country abounded with inhabitants. 
 Jiift before fun-rifing on the 4th, it was difcoitred 
 that the two lands, which had been fuppoled to be 
 feparatc iflands, were connedled with a flat country, 
 bending like a bow, and forming a fine bay. While 
 the fhips were (tanJing in towards the land, a boat 
 was li en coming from the ofHng, which (bon after 
 eroded a-head of the (hip, and joined a number of 
 ither boats, that had afiembled from various parts 
 of the illand. This aflcniblage of boats was preceded 
 by one which was roued by twelve Indians, quite 
 naked, who advanced towards the fide of the (hip, 
 and held up the boughs of the banana-tree. Con- 
 fidering this as a token of friendfliip, the French 
 in their turn, endeavoured to exprefs a reciprocal re- 
 gard. This being done, the natives rowed along- 
 fide the Boudeufe, .and a rope being lowered into the 
 boat, one of them affixed to it a branch of the banana 
 tree, a quantity of the fruit of that tree, and a fmall 
 pig. This prefent was accepted, and, in return for 
 it, M. Ilougainville gave them fome handkerchiefs 
 and caps; and thus a friendly intercourfe was cftab- 
 liflied with thefe people. In a (hort time, upvVards 
 of a hundred boats furrounded the French (hips : 
 the former were laden with bananas, cocoa-nuts, and 
 various other kinds oi fruit, highly acceptable to the 
 French, who gave them a number of toys, which 
 proved equally acceptable to the Indians. — In order to 
 carry on this traffic, the voyagers held up Inch arti- 
 cles as they meant to give for the fruit, and when the 
 natives were latisfied with the quantity which was of- 
 fered 
 
 t The duller of illandi above mcminned weic firll ilifcnvereit 
 by Qiiiim, in tlic year idob, «iid aj;ain vilited by Ko|^> 
 wcin, in the yuat 1711, who {javc tliciu the nanii: uf ilic Lailiy- 
 rinih. ....... ii 
 
 I ^,1 I .;i..-, . : ' I "" ■'. ■' '*v ,1-". 
 
« 
 
 M. BOUGAINVILLE. 
 
 151 
 
 f 
 
 -nil -CI. — 
 
 s 
 
 II 
 1> 
 ,c 
 
 )( 
 
 t- 
 ts 
 of 
 
 ;•-•- 
 
 a- 
 a- 
 "0- 
 il- 
 IcJ 
 red 
 .he 
 
 '"'* Boui'cule 
 
 le'» ivA. 
 
 icy 
 
 the 
 
 inie 
 
 lere 
 
 ,ply 
 
 rca- 
 
 :cze 
 
 wly 
 
 and 
 
 not 
 cir a 
 IgUt 
 oh- 
 ijcc- 
 nts. 
 
 red 
 |u be 
 try, 
 hile 
 iboat 
 
 licr 
 of 
 
 arts 
 
 ;c!di 
 
 uite 
 
 hip, 
 
 011- 
 
 iich 
 
 1 re- 
 ng- 
 thc 
 
 lana 
 I'mall 
 li for 
 
 [licfs 
 lab- 
 
 l-ardJ 
 
 and 
 
 the 
 Ihich 
 Icr to 
 larti- 
 
 thc 
 
 of- 
 Ifercd 
 
 ereil 
 
 l-abf- 
 
 ftrecl, it was let down by the fliip's fide in a net or 
 balket, and the Indians having taken it out, returned 
 their commodities by the liimeconveyanpc ) but fome- 
 timcs the bafkct was lowered when empty, and the 
 natives put their cft'edts into it before they had received 
 the European goods, witliout lecming to harbour the 
 lead didrullor jealoul'y of thofe with whom they dealt, 
 thereby giving the belt proof of the integrity of their 
 own hearts. When the evening advanced, the (hips 
 ftood out farther from the coalt, and the natives rowed 
 back to the fhore. During the night a number of 
 fires were feen on the ifland, at fmalland nearly equal 
 diftanccs from each other, which the French imagin- 
 ing to be illuminations in honour of themfelves, a 
 number of fky-rockets were fired from botii the (hips, 
 to return the compliment. On the morning of the 
 5th, the boats were fent in fearch of an anchoring- 
 place, while the day was (pent in plying to the wind- 
 ward of the ifland. The dcfcription which M. Bou- 
 gainville gives of the appearance of this place, as feen 
 Irom the (hip, is very beautiful. " The mountains, 
 thoui^h of great height, arc every where cloathcd with 
 the finell verdure, even to the extreme points of tlieir 
 mod lofty fummits, one peak in particular, runs up to 
 an enormous licight, tapering gradually as it rifes j yet 
 it was every where cloatheu with the moll: beautiful 
 foli.igc, forming the appearance of a pyramid, adorned 
 with garlands, and well carved. The lower land 
 confifls of an intermixture of woods and meadows, 
 while the coaft is a level ground, flieltcred by the 
 mountains, and abounding in cocoa-nut and other 
 trees, beneath the (hade of which are fituated the 
 houfes of the inhabitants."— >As M. Bougainville 
 coafted the ifland he was charmed with the appearance 
 of a noble cafcade, which falling immediately from the 
 fummit of a mountain into the fea, produced a nioft 
 elegant cftecl. On the (hore, very near to the fall of 
 this cafcade, was a little town, and the coaib appeared 
 to be free from breakers. It was the wi(h of tlic ad- 
 venturers to have call their anchor within view of 
 fuch an enchanting profpeif j but after repeated 
 foundings, they found that the bottom confifted only 
 of rocks J and they were therefore under a neccflity o*" 
 fceking another anchoring place. Soon after the 
 dawn of the day, the natives rowed along-fule the 
 fhips, and brought with them fowls, pigeons, 
 fhells, and other things which they bartered for ear- 
 rings, and pieces of iron. Both parties dealt with 
 the fame eafe and mutual conhdencc as they had done 
 on the preceding day ; and among the number of vi- 
 fitors were fevcral women, «holc; cloaths b.'.rely fuf- 
 ficed to hide their charms, which could nut fail of at- 
 tradting the eyes of the fcamcn. One of the Indians 
 (Icptall night on board the Etoilc, and feemed not to 
 entertain any fear. The (hips plied to windward du- 
 ring the night, and by the morning of the 6th they 
 had nearly reached it,smolt northern extremity, when 
 they difcovcred another ifle ; but as the pafl'agc be- 
 tween the two iflands appeared to be rendered danger- 
 ous by a number of breakers, M. Bougainville came 
 to a refolution of returning to the bay which they had 
 feen when thi-y firft difcovcred land, where he hoped to 
 (ind a convenient anchoring-place, and where after 
 dift'ercnt foundings, the (hips were at length fafcly 
 moored. The natives now put oft" in their boats and 
 I'urroundcd the (hips in greater numbers than they had 
 yet dcmc, exhibiting many tokens of regard, and per- 
 iwtually crying out Tiiya, which was aftcrw.irds 
 found, (as we havcobfervcd) to fr^nify Friend. The 
 (grangers were much pleafcd with fome niils and toys 
 which the ofHcers and failors gave them. Thefe boats 
 were crowded wilh women, wliol'e beauty of face was 
 at leaft equal to tliat of the ladies of Europe, and 
 their fymmetry of body much fuptrior. Alnioll all of 
 them were naked, the old men and women having ta- 
 ken previous care to dived them of thofc coverings 
 which might othcrwile have prevented their charms 
 from taking tlic wiMud-for ctlei'l. ' - 
 
 Thefe lovely lafles eyed the failors with looks the 
 moft emphatic-ally cxprertivi-, yet with a degree of 
 
 timidity, which is at once the chara(51erillic and tho 
 ornament of the fex. h was nut hmvi ver nicell'ii y 
 that thefe females (liould give any pl.;in indications of 
 their meaning : the Indian nun favcil thuni tliis trou- 
 ble, intimating that the favours of the l;uli.-s might 
 be purchaled upon cafy tirnis : they even urged citli 
 of the feaincn refpettivelv to make choice of a girl 
 with whom he would chuieto retire to the (liore ; and 
 their geftures appeared ni ' lefs extravagant than ihofe 
 of the fame people as recited in the account of Cap- 
 tain Cook's voyiige. M. Bougainville and his officers 
 did all in their power to preferve order and decorum, 
 and to prevent any of thefe tempting creatures from 
 coming into the (nip; but their eHurts were unfuc- 
 cefslul : — one of them, notwithftanding every precau- 
 tion got on board, and took her feat on the quarter- 
 deck, near the hatch-way, which was open to give air 
 to fome of the crew, wliile others were working at th« 
 caprtern. She had fcarcely featcd herfelf whtnlhekt 
 fall a cloth that covered her, with an air of negligence, 
 and both leamen and marines now eagerly crowded td 
 the hatch-way j and the capliern w as worked witli 
 great chcarfulnefs and expedition. After (()me time 
 the officers fuccceded in bringing the crew into lomo 
 kind of order, though as M. Bougainville confefll?, 
 they found it equally difficult to reltrain tlie force of 
 their own paffions. The commodore's cook, having 
 eluded the vigilance of the officers, got from the fliip, 
 ami having fcleiSed a midrcfs from one of the boats, 
 wenton fliore with her J wherehehad nolboner airived 
 than the natives crowded about him, and pulled oft' 
 all his cloaths. They now examined with curious 
 attention every part of his body, while he ftood tremb- 
 ling under their hands, in continual apprchenfion of 
 being murdered, or otherwife abufed ; but his fears 
 were ill founded ; for they had no fooner finilhed the 
 examination than they g.avc him back his cloaths, put 
 into his pockets fevcral things which they had taken 
 out of them, and then introduced his girl to him, 
 urging him to gratify thofe paffions which h.id im- 
 pelled him to come on (hore ; but his fears had de- 
 ilroycd all ideas of love, nor could even the beau- 
 ty of his miilrcfs recal them : the natives were 
 oblige<l to take him back to the (hip, where he told 
 M. Bougainville, that he hail nothing to fear from 
 his anger, for he had lately fullered fuch cxquifitc 
 mifery, that all other punifhment would be light in 
 comparifon of it. The commander and fome of his 
 officers now went on (hore to take a view of the water- 
 ing-place, and were no fooner landed than the na- 
 tives flocked round them in prodigious numbers, re- 
 garding them with looks of inexpreffiblc curiofity; 
 fome of them, bolder than the reft, came and touched 
 the French, and put alide their cloaths, toiiiid if they 
 were formed like themfelves. The iflanders, who 
 wore no kind of arms, teftified great pleafure at this 
 vifit of our voyagers. A perfon, who appeared to be 
 the principal man among the Indians, took M. Bou- 
 gainville's party to his houfe, where they found an 
 old man, the father of the chief, and fcveral women. 
 Thefe laft paid their compliments to the ftrangers, by 
 placing their hands on their breafts, and frequently 
 reiieating the word Taye. The old man was a vener- 
 able figure, whole long white beard and hair added 
 dignity to his perfon, which was exceedingly graceful 
 and well formed. He had none of the decrepitude of 
 age, no wrinkles on his face,, and his body was ner- 
 vous and flefliy. The behaviour of this man was 
 wholly dlfterent from that of all the reft of his coun- 
 trymen J for he cxprelVed no fign of admiration or cu- 
 riofity, and left the room without returning the com- 
 pliments of his vifitors, and with an air that teftified 
 his uneafinels at their arrival. M. Bougainville 
 even imagines, that he feared a new race of men were 
 coming to fettle on the ifland, and might difturb that 
 happy repofc in which its inhabitants had hitherto 
 lived. The houfe of the chief was about twenty feet 
 in width, and eight in length, and covered with 
 thatch, from which hung a cylinder, above a yard 
 long, formed of the twigs of the ozier, and adorned 
 
 witli 
 
 < — „-! 
 
 i 
 
 /. 
 
iSi 
 
 THE VOYAGE OP 
 
 with feather*. Two wooden figures were obfervcd, 
 which M. Bmigainviilc thought were idols, ami that 
 one of thciii was the god of the natives. The figure 
 which our author took for the god, was fixed up- 
 right againft one of the pillars of the houfe, and over- 
 agninlt it ftood the other, which he ealls the goddcfs, 
 Ic.Aiiing againll and fallcneJ to the reeds which form 
 the walls of the houfe. Thefc figures flood on pedcf- 
 tals of hard black wood, about two yards high, one 
 yard in circumference, (hapetl like a tower hollowed 
 out, and carved. The chief having defired his guelh 
 to leat tlicmfelves on a graft-plat in the front of his 
 houfe, he prefcnted iheni with a collation, confid- 
 ing of broiled fifh, water, and fruit. While they 
 were regaling themfelves, he prixiuced two collars, 
 feriiicd of ozicr, and adorned with (harks teeth, and 
 black feathers. 'J'hefe collars, which refembU-d the 
 prodigious large rufts worn by the Trench in the reign 
 of Francis the Firlf, were put on the necks of M. 
 Bougainville, and a gentleman of his paitv. The 
 chief having likewife prefentcd our author with fome 
 pieces of cloth, the French were about to take tlicir 
 leave of this liJlpitable Indian, wlu-n one of th'ni 
 found that his pocket had been picked nf his pillol ; 
 on which a complaint was made to the chiet, who 
 immediately reprimanilecl feveral of his houlhuld, and 
 would have fcarched them all, but this the commodore 
 would not permit, contenting himfelf with inti- 
 mating to the chief, that tlie weapon which had been 
 ftolen would kill the thief. — M. Bougainville w.is at- 
 tended to the coaft bv the chief and his family. As 
 the comp.iny palled along, they obfervcd an Indian, 
 remarkable for the fine proportion and fymmetry of his 
 figure, reclined at the foot of a tree, wiio prevailed on 
 the French to fit down by him, and lung them an 
 cxctll'.'iit fi)ng, to the (li)W mufic of a Hute, which 
 another blew with his note, in the manner already 
 ckferibtd. The company now proceeded to their 
 boats, in which a few of the Indians embarked, and 
 went to fpcnd the evening and fleep on board. The 
 idanders j'eemed to be under no kind of rcftraint, but 
 to have the fullell confidence in the hofpitality of the 
 French, who treated them in a very elegant manner, 
 and concliul \i the evening with a band of niufic, and 
 a difplay ot lire-works ; at which, however, the In- 
 dian', fecmcd more terrified than delighted. 7"he 
 chief went on board \I. Bougainvclle's fliip the follow- 
 ing day, and took with him a prelent of fome foAls 
 ami a hog : he likewife gave a full proof of the inte- 
 grity of liis hcirt, by returning the ftolen pillol. The 
 name of this chief was Enti : he remained on board 
 fcvtral hours, and then went on fliorc with M. Bou- 
 gainville, who bv this time had made the neccfTary 
 pi;|)arations for landing the fick, and filling the water 
 calks. 
 
 As foon as the boats crew had landed, the commodore 
 fixed on a fpot on the borders of a rivulet, where he 
 gave orders for the forming of a camp, for the pro- 
 toe'tion as well of the fiek men anil their attendants, 
 as the waterers and others, whrfe bufincfs might call 
 them on fhore. For fome time Ereti beheld the ma- 
 rines under aims, and rr,arded the preparations which 
 Wfre making to form the camp, without any apparent 
 uncnfiiiefs, and thin took his leave. In a few hours, 
 hruvc\er, he returned, bringing with him his father 
 and fome others of the moll eminent men on that 
 part iif the idiind, who remonfl rat' d with M. Bou- 
 pai u 'Me on thr Impropriety and iniuliice of his takinp 
 poll" I]"l in of tlieir country, at the lame timeintimat- 
 ini; that they were welcome to remaiit theie <luring 
 the iliv, for anv period of tiine he might think pro- 
 per, hilt inlilling that the party fliould return on 
 toa;d every iii;.ht. The commodore, on the contrary, 
 as p'Tcmptorily infilled tint he would form the en- 
 Canvimeii", and endeavoured to convhicc the natives 
 how n'.l^ll.uv it was that he (hnuld do fo in order 
 to procure v.'(."i and w.ster, and to hive the better 
 opl-'irtunity of tr idicking with the iflanders. 
 
 The Iniliniis now rctindnnd held a conference on 
 ■the occ-l^Kjo, a: the clol'e of which Ji'rtti came to M. 
 
 Bougainville, and defired to know whctlier the Frcticll 
 propofed to take up their relidence on the iflaiid for 
 life, and if not, how long thcv intended to flay? — • 
 In anfwcr to this, the commodore put eighteen iinall 
 ftones into his hands, intimating, that he fliould re- 
 main there only fo nnny da)s. Hereupon a third 
 council was held, the r'fult of which was, th.it an 
 elderly man, of great aui lority, was dilpatchcd to the 
 commodore, and endeavoured to prevail on him t(» 
 depart in ninedays ; which, however, he pofitivcly 
 rcfufed to do, and thus the matter ended. 
 
 After this the iflanders became again cafy anil 
 happy. Krcti complimented jM. Bougainville with 
 the ufe of a large building, that had lieen ererted 
 on the fide of the rivulet, for the purpofe of laying 
 up the In<lian boats, which were inllantly rcmoveil 
 at the command of the chief. Under this building 
 tents were fet up for the accommodation of the fick, 
 and other tents lor various ufes. A fuflicient number 
 of mufquets were carried on fliore, to arm thirty ma« 
 riners, all the workmen, and even the invalids, in 
 cale of neceflity. M. Bougainville pafTcd the firfl 
 night on fhore, in company with Ereti, who added 
 his fiipper to that of the commodore'p, invited a few 
 feleel friends to partake of the repall, and gave orders 
 that a crowd of Indians, whofe curiofity had brought 
 them to the fpot, fhould he difperfed. He then defired 
 to fee fome fire-works, which he beheld with a mixture 
 of pleafure and aflonifhment. Late in the evening he 
 fcnt for one of his wives, who llcpt in the tent iiUot- 
 ted to the u(\: of the prince of NaU'au. [M. Bougain- 
 ville fays that this woman was old and ugly.] 
 
 The camp was complcated on the following day, 
 and the building intirely incloled, except at one en- 
 trance, w here a guard was coiilfantly flationcd. None 
 of the Indians were admitted into this building but 
 Ereti, and his friends of both (^xa. A crowd of peo- 
 ple were conflantly about the place, but they made 
 way for any one who had permiflion to enter, on tho 
 motion of a (mall flick, which a Frenchman held in 
 his hand. To this place the natives refortcd from all 
 quarters, bringing poultry, hogs, fifli, fruit, and 
 cloth, in exchange for which they received button!!, 
 beads, tools, nails, and trinkets of various kinds, on 
 which thev appeared to fet a high value. Thefe be- 
 nevolent iflanders vied with each other which fliould 
 oblige their vifitors moll j and when the French were 
 obferved colleifting fhells, and gathering plants, a 
 number of women and children inflantly employed 
 themfelves in the fame manner, bringing the fame 
 plants in great abundance, and variety of fine fliells. 
 M. Bougainville now applied to Ereti, for information 
 where he might cut wood, and was dircilcd to the 
 mountains, where the hard wood grows, the low 
 lands producing only a gum-tree, and fruit-trees of 
 various kinds. The chief even marked the trees 
 which were proper for cutting, and pointed out the 
 fide on which tl.cy fhould be felled. The iflanders 
 allifled them in cutting the wood, and carrying it 
 down to the boats, and likewife hel|->ed them to fill 
 water, and roll the cafks to the coafls. For thefe 
 fervices they received a number of nails proportioned 
 to theindullry they had exerted, but it was necell'ary 
 for the French to be conflantly on their guard, *<» 
 prevent their thieving the articles which were brought 
 on fliore, nor were even their pockets fafe from the 
 depredations of thefe people, who, as M. Bougain- 
 ville fays, are as ingenious in the art, as the pick- 
 pockets of Europe. Yet he fuppofes that thefe 
 iflanders do not rob each other, as none of their ef- 
 fects were kept under locks and keys, and he attri- 
 butes their attempts to rob Europeans to an infati.ahle 
 curiofity for articles which they had never before 
 feen. Guards were flationed, and patrolcs appointed, 
 to proteiSt the French property, notwithllanding 
 which, the iflanders found meajK to Ileal feveru 
 things,_.-.nd they even pelted the guards with (loncs. 
 Thefe pillagers hid themfelves in a inarfh behind 
 the camp, which was over-grown with reeds j but a 
 part of this marfli was cleared, by order of the coin- 
 7 modon:. 
 
 i 
 
a 
 ved 
 
 to 
 
 ;ht 
 the 
 in- 
 
 k- 
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 cf- 
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 fort 
 ted, 
 line 
 cral 
 ncs. 
 lind 
 It a 
 im- 
 iorc. 
 
 M. BDUCArNVILLE. 
 
 *5.? 
 
 modore, who dirc£lcJ, th.it when any more thieves 
 were feen, they (hould be fired at, Eretl even hinted, 
 that this meafure was neccfliiry, but, pointing to his 
 own houle, feemed very fulicitous that M. Bougain- 
 ville would not fire that way. Orders were now 
 given for Tome of the (hips boats to anchor before 
 the camp, and point their feveral guns fo as to pro- 
 tcft it. The article of thieving excepted, every 
 •thcr interrourfe between the French and Indians was 
 carried on in the moil harmonious manner. The lea- 
 men made feveral inLurfions into the ifland unarmed, 
 fumetimes in fmall parties, and fomctimes fmgly i 
 when the natives invited them into their houfcs, gave 
 tliem proviftons, and prefcntcd the young damlels to 
 their embraces. On thefe occafions the hut was in- 
 itantly crowded with numbers of both fexes, who 
 furroumled the young lovers, and eyed them with 
 looks of the moft intenfecuriofity. Leaves and flowers 
 were immetli.-\tely ftrewed on the ground, and while 
 fome played on flutes^ others fang a kind of fong 
 (iicred to the rites of love. — The people of Ota- 
 hcite feemed aftonifhed at the embarrafiinent of fome 
 of the Frenchmen on thefe occafions ; but M. Uou- 
 gainville is of opinion, that there was not a man of 
 the whole crew who had not got the bettei of his 
 European delic.icy, by making a public facrifice to 
 Venus. 
 
 M. Bougainville now proceeds to a defcription of 
 the beauties of the interior parts of the ifland. He 
 has often walked out, with only a few attendants, 
 and arrived at places beautiful beyond the power of 
 pen or pencil to paint. Trees abounding with fruit 
 of the mod delicious kinds, were frequently found on 
 meadows interfccled by rivulets, which gave an agree- 
 able coolnefs to the air. On thefe enchanting fpots 
 numbers of the natives revel in the profufe gifts of 
 nature, unincumbered with the cares of the bufy 
 World. Our author met with many little focieties, 
 repofing at their eafc, under the fliadc of trees, who 
 welcomed the Grangers in the mod friendly manner. 
 Thofe he faw on his way made room for his paflagc 
 with a degree of civility that would have done honour 
 to the muft polifhed European ; and in every place he 
 found evident marks of the content and happinefs of 
 the people i while he was treated with the utmoft hof- 
 pitality. M. Bougainville gave Ereti fome ducks and 
 gcefe, and a couple of turkies, that might raife a breed 
 of lliofe birds. He likewife prefcntcd him with fome 
 garden feeds, and advifed him to cultivate fome 
 ground in the European manner ; and a fpot being 
 fixed on by the French, it was inclofcd, and fe- 
 veral of the crew employed in digging it. The na- 
 tives were much pleafcd with the implements of gar- 
 dening, and happy in having wheat, barley, oats, 
 rice, &CC. put into the ground ; as were likewife 
 onions, and a variety of pot-herbs. The commodore 
 is of opinion, that his gcnerofity in this particular 
 will not be thrown away, as the people of Otahcite 
 fcum to have a tafte for agriculture; and he thinks 
 they might foon be brought to cultivate, in a proper 
 manner the fineil foil in the world : they have indeed 
 a fort of kitchen gardens near their huts, which pro- 
 duce yams, potatoes, and other edible roots. 
 
 Soon after the camp was formed, the commodore was 
 vifited on board thefliip by Toutaa, [Tootahah] the 
 chief of a Jiftri^i near that of Ereti, who was a very tall 
 man, and mod admirably well made ; he was attended 
 by feveral gentlemen, hardly one of whom was lefs 
 than fix feet in heiirht. I'outaa brought with him 
 cloth, hog<, fowls, and fruir, which he prefcntcd 
 to M. Bougainville, who complimented him with 
 fome filk (lut}'s, trinkets, nails, i(c. 
 
 Toutaa invited M. Bougainville tohishoufe, where 
 in the midltofa large alTembly, heprefented him with 
 a fine younu; girl, w liom the commodore conjectures 
 to have been one of his wives ; and the muficians in- 
 ftantly began the bridal hymn — the reader may guefs 
 the rcfl-. — One of the Indians happening to be killed, 
 his countrymen complained to M. Bougainville of 
 this violation of tlis rights of hofpitality. The dead 
 
 Vot. 1. N»23. 
 
 body being lonveyed to one of the huts, fome perfoni 
 were fent to cxuinine it, when it appearcil that he fell 
 by a gun-fliot wound ) on which ull polfiblc enquiry 
 was made after the offender, but he could not bedil- 
 covered | and how he came to be (hut remained a my- 
 llery ) for M. Bougainville fays, that none of the 
 crew had that day left the (hip with fiic-arms, nor 
 had any of thofe on (hore been permitted to le.ive the 
 camp. It wasevidentj however, that the n.uives in 
 general conceived their countryman to have been tht; 
 aggreflttr ( for their dealings with the Europeans were 
 not intermitted ; tho' fome few of them moved o(i' their 
 furniture to the mountains; and even the houfe of 
 Ereti wasftripped ; but a few prefents from the com- 
 modore regained his friendlhip and eftcem. Early in 
 the morning of the 12th, the cable of the Boudeule 
 parting, that (hip ran foul of the Etoile, but thevef- 
 i'cls were happily got clear of each other; before any 
 damage had been luftained. A boat was now fcnt to 
 found for fome convenient paflage, as the (hips were 
 in evident danger of being driven on (hore; and at this 
 unfortunate iumflure, news arrived that three of the 
 Indians had been cither murdered or wounded in their 
 huts, and that in confequence of this unhappy cir- 
 cumftance a general terror had feized the inhabitants. 
 The women, children, and old men, had fled up the 
 country, taking their tffefts with them, and even 
 carrying oft" the bodies of the deceafed. The com- 
 modore, on receiving this intelligence, went on (hore^ 
 and feledling four marines; on whom relied the fuf- 
 pl'ion of having perpetrated this foul deed, he or- 
 dertH them to be put in irons in the prefencc of Ereti^ 
 a .circmftance that conciliated the aft'edlion of the 
 Indians; M. Bougainville, apprehenfive that the 
 natives might revenge the injury they had Aiftained 
 in the pcrlcns of their countrymen, fpent a confider- 
 able part of the night in the camp, and gave orders 
 for a reinforcement of the guards. -i— But the fitu- 
 ation of the French was every way fo advant.ige- 
 ous, that in all probability, they might have been an 
 over-match for the united forces of the natives. The 
 night however was fpent in perfeft rcpofe, except 
 fome flight alarms, occafioned by thieving inter- 
 lopers. 
 
 The commodore's concern arofe Inore from the ap- 
 prehended lofs of his (hips, than from any hoftilc ef- 
 forts that might be m.ndc by the Indians. Af- 
 ter ten at night, the wind blew violently ; the fea 
 rolled to an enormous height ) the rain defcended in 
 torrents, and the whole fcenc was tempeftuous in a 
 high degree. M. Bougainville went on hoard foon 
 after midnight, when a violent fquall of wind was 
 driving the (hips towards the (hore. Happily the 
 fterm was foon over, and a breeze from the (hore 
 prevented the veflels being ftranded. About day- 
 break another cable, and the hawfer of the Boudeufe 
 parted, when (he was almoft clofe on the (hore, on 
 which the furges beat with unremitting fury. At this 
 time too, as an aggravation of their misfortunes, the 
 buoys of the anchors were milTing ; but it was doubtful 
 whether the natives had (lolen them, or whether they 
 had funk. 
 
 Some little time before noon another cable parted, 
 and the Boudeufe drove towards the (hore. They now 
 let go their (heet anchor, but it could he of no fer- 
 vice to them, as they were fo near the breakers, that 
 the (hip muft have ftranded before a fufficient length 
 of cable could have been veered out, to have given 
 the anchor time to reach the bottom. Thus fituated^ 
 within a moment of defpair, a breeze off' iliore opera- 
 ted in their favour; yet this wind foon changed* 
 though not till it enabled them to get a diftance 
 from the (hore, by the help of a hawfer from a ftream- 
 anchor of the Etoile, which (hip happening to be 
 anchored in firmer ground than the Boudeufe, was, 
 undoubtedly, the great means of faving that vef- 
 fel and her crew from dcftruilion. On occafion of 
 this fingular efcape, M. Bougainville pays a grate- 
 ful compliment to M. de la Giraudais, the com- 
 mander of the Etoile, to whofe friendfhip and abili' 
 U u u tics. 
 
 1768 
 
 Hi 
 
254 
 
 THE. VOYAGE OF 
 
 tics lip dccrn* liimfelf greatly iiidcbtnl for the prcftrv- 
 ation ul the UiMidcufc. 
 
 Soon litter day- light, it was ohfervcd, that the camp 
 was tot.illy ddiituteof its ul'uil vitltors, not un iu- 
 clian was to he fcen nr:ir it, nur even a fnigle boat 
 liiiliiiji; un thi river. 'I'hc natives h.id quitted tlicir 
 IuiuIl.'-, and the whole rniinlry appeared to be depopu- 
 lated. The prince ot' NallUu now went on Ihorc, 
 with a fmall |iarty, and, at about three miles from 
 the camp, found Lreti, with a confiderahlr number of 
 his fubjeCls. When the chief recollected the prince, 
 he aiUanced towards him with a mixed countenance 
 cxpiellive of liopu and terror. Many women were 
 now with Lreti, who dropping on their knees at the 
 foot of the prince, IciHld his hands, and batlied in 
 tears, exclaimed, Taya innti, Youareoui friends, and 
 you kill us. — I'he prince fucceedcd in his endeavours 
 to inl'pire thum with frefti contidencc ; and M. tiou- 
 
 fainville had the pleafure of obfervin,:; from on board, 
 y the help of his glalles, that the natives hailencd to 
 the camp, carrying with them fouls, fruits, &c. fo 
 that there could be no doubt but that (icacc was rc-ef- 
 tabliihed. 'Ihe conimixlorc Inilantly kit the (hip, 
 and taking with him a quantity of filk, Duff''!, ;uid a 
 variety of other articles, he prefcnted them to the 
 principal perfons, intimating how unhappy he was on 
 account of the misfortune which had happened, and 
 alliiring them that the perpetrators of fo foul a deed 
 Ihould not cfcapc unpunifhed. The Indians carclled 
 the commander ; the natives in general were happy 
 that peace was reftorcd, and the market foon became 
 more crowded than ever j fo that in two days only, 
 more rcfrcihmcnts were brought in than had been be- 
 fore, and the whole place had the appearance of u 
 fair. The Indians having rcquefted to fee fome muf- 
 quets hrid ; were not a little alaimcd when they 
 found that the animals fired at were inftantly killed. 
 The boat which the commodore had fcnt to found, 
 having found an excellent paflagc to the northward, 
 the Etoile tailed on the 14th, and bcinii; got fafe with- 
 out thertcf, her commander fentthc boat to the Bou- 
 dcufe, in which was an officer, who havijig furveyed 
 the pali.ige, and conducted the Etoile to a place of 
 fafctv, Kturmd to take the fame care of M. Bou- 
 (iainvillcN (hip. Tliecrcwof the ISoudcufe now la- 
 boured incellimtly in eumpleatin^ her (lock of water 
 and ill hrip;'iiij; hir i.tfe».U on bo.ird. The commodore 
 took poll'ellion ot tlie ifland, for his fovcreign, by an 
 infcriptioii carved on an oak plank, andb\irying in a 
 bottl.-, near the building they had occupied, a wri- 
 ting, contauiiu'.; the names of the fevcral officers 
 concerned in this expedition ; and this method he 
 followed invariably, at all the places hodilcovered in 
 thccourfe of his voyage. 'I'hc Boiid;ufe fet fail early 
 in the morning of the 1 5th, and the commodore con- 
 gratulated himfelf on having got clear of the reefs, 
 when the wind fuddenlv dying away, the tide, and a 
 fwellinV fea drove the iliip violently towards the rocks, 
 cii which (be nuilt have been inllantly da(hed in pieces, 
 and everv man on board have perifhed, except the 
 few who could (uim remarkably well. But at the 
 ruinient when flic was ready to (hike, a we(fern 
 breeze fpran;; up, which in about two hours, conveyed 
 the voyagers clear of all thofe dangers they had 
 drcadeci. M. Bougainville joined the Etoile before 
 thcevcnin;:;, and a tfrong gale fpringing up about mid- 
 night, they fet all their fails and foon got perfcftly 
 clear of the coaft. What happened at his taking 
 leave of the people of Otahcitc is related as follows. 
 Soon after the dawn of day, when the Indians 
 cbfcrvcd that their vifitors were making prepara- 
 tions for their departure, Ercti came haftily on board, 
 in the (iril boat that was ready. He now clafped in 
 his arms, embraced, and wept over thcfe new-made 
 ;icqiiuiiitanccs, whom he was about to part with for 
 ever. I'his I'ccni! was fcarcely ended, when a larger 
 boat in which were the wives of the generous chief, 
 came along fide the (hip, laden with a variety of re- 
 fiefhmeiils. This velTel likewife brought oft" the In- 
 dian who, on their tiril arrival, had flcpt on board the 
 
 Etoile. This man was ealkd Aihnrtii. Erfti pre- 
 fcnted him to M. lJou};ainvilk', intimating his doter- 
 mincd refolution to Jail with the (Irnngers, and in- 
 trcaiiny permilliun ihnt he might do (o. H>« rcqueU 
 being complied with, Ercti prefcnted him totlieof- 
 (icers refpcdtively, faying, T hat he intruded a will- 
 beloved triend to tlie care and protedtiou of friends 
 equally beloved. Ereti liaviug accepted fame prelents 
 returned to the boat, in which Were ■ number of weep- 
 ing beauties, made iiill more lovely by their tears. 
 With him went Aotouruu, to take a melancholy leave 
 of aloTelygirl. Ho took three pearls 'rom his ears, 
 which he delivered as a love-token to the defpondin^ 
 beauty; embraced her aft'e^iionatclv, tore himlclV 
 from her arms, and left it to time and tears to rcltore 
 her ferenity of mind. The followinc is M. Bougain- 
 ville's defciiption of the ifland.—*' '1 here is a fine bay 
 about ten miles in depth, between a cape whicli ad- 
 vances to the north and the fouth-ealt point uf th« 
 iflunil. I'owards the bottom of this bay the coaft it 
 almoli level, and this part appears to be the (ird peo- 
 pled, as well as the molt agreeable part of the coun- 
 try. In a paflagc between the two mofl northerly 
 iflands, there is good anchorage for thirty vifl'els. The 
 red of the coafl is mountainous land, and in mofV 
 places is incompalTed by reefs of rocks, Ibme of which 
 are ainiod covered by the fea, while others arc left 
 fufficicntly deltitute of water to be confidercd as iflands. 
 Un thcfe the natives kindle fires every night, that the 
 crews sf their boats may filh in fafcty. Between thefe 
 rocks are fpaces through which a (hip may enter, 
 but (he will find it difficult to get anchorage. The 
 mountains at a diftancc from the coafl are much higher 
 than it is ufual for hills to be in countries of no 
 greater extent. Thcfe, being covered with verdure 
 and fruits of various, beautiful, and delicious kinds, 
 aftbrd the riche(i proljieiit that the imagination can 
 form an idea of. Springs ifluing from the mountains 
 form themfelvcs into rivulets, which meandring thro' 
 the country, fcrvc at once to fertilifc and adorn it. 
 On the level parts of the ifland the houfes are eredted, 
 under the (hade of fruit trees ; not in regular towns 
 and villages, but fcparately, and where the fancy of 
 the owner (hall tix the Ipot. Public walks, kept in 
 the ncateft order, lead from one refidencc to another 
 throughout the ifland, fo that the whole appears one 
 fccne of inchantcd ground. I'he principal fruits 
 of the ifland arc plaintains, cocoa-nuts, yams, cu- 
 raflol okras, and the bread-fruit. Indico and fugar- 
 cancs grow wild ; and two fubllanccs proper for 
 living, one red and the other yellow, were found 
 among the natives ; but the French could not learn 
 from what vegetable they were produced. 
 
 " While Aotourou was on board the Boudcufc it 
 appeared, that he was acquainted with many of 
 the plants and fruits in the pollillion of the French, 
 which he called by their Indian names. Indeed, the 
 fame produ6li<ms arc common to moll countries with- 
 in the tropics. The natives ufe the cedar-wood, 
 which grows on the mountains, for the conltruetion 
 of the largcll boats, and they make a fort of pikes 
 of a very heavy black wood. Their ('mailer boats are 
 ni;'de o( the wood of the bread-fruit tree, which 
 is extremely foft, and full of gum. The ifland of 
 Otaheitc produces very rich pearls, which are worn 
 by the women and children, but they were fecreted al- 
 moft as foon as the French landed, and were (cen no 
 more during their flay. A fort of caftancts, inltru- 
 ments ufed by the Indian dancers, are formed out of 
 the (hells of the pearl-oyftcrs. 
 
 " M. Bougainville obtained by his traffic with tho 
 natives, about 140 hogs, and more than 800 fowls; 
 and he might have procured much larger numbers, if 
 his ftay had been longer. No venomous animals were 
 fecn on this ifland, nor any of thofe noxious infcdfs, 
 which are common to, and the grcateft curfe of, hot 
 climates. There can remain no doubt of the falu- 
 brity of the air of Otaheite ; for though the French 
 laboured hard all day in the heat of the fun, were 
 frequently in the water, and flept all night in the 
 
 open 
 
M. BOUGAINVILLE. 
 
 »5J 
 
 hi 
 
 I it" 
 Ire 
 
 ep<n »ir, on flic hnrc grmmd, not a fingle pciCon con- 
 trai^lcJ any dirunlcr, wliilc tliiilc who hiiidiil tor tlie 
 cure ot tlie fcurvy riTovi'icd very talt, and niuny of 
 tliem .-ic(|uircd fu miiili Itrciigth, that their cure was 
 {xrt'eiitcd nn boiird the Ihips. And what .iD'ords 
 uil undoubted proof of the hcallhinel's of the (Innate, 
 is the Itrcnglh of its inh^ib.lants, uho^row to an ex- 
 trcnii old aj^c, without feeling any of its inconve- 
 niiiuu, though thev deep only on a few leaves Krewcd 
 oil the ground, in huts ill adapted to defend thein- 
 fi'lves from the inclemencies of the we.iiher. The 
 chief articles of food are rtlh and vegetable, flefti is 
 feldom eaten even by grown jii-i tons, and by the young 
 womenandcliildren never, i'heir drinkis pure water; 
 and from this temperance doubtlefs arifes, in a great 
 nieafure, that freedom from difcafe, which is one of 
 their i;reatell bicflin;;'!. 'I'hefe people were averi'e to 
 the tulle and finell of every thing (Irong, particularly 
 of tobacco, fpices, brandy and wine, 'I'hc na- 
 tives of Utaheitc arc of two diltinil tribes, having 
 hardly any perfuiial refeniblance, yet prai^liling 
 the fainc cufloins, afiociating together in the moft 
 friendly manner, and converfing in the fame dialect." 
 ('I'he firfl race of tliefe ^Kople are inuch taller, lai"j;vr, 
 and better proportioned than the other. Few of thcfe 
 arc lefs than fix feet high, and fo extremely well 
 made, that, as pur author fays, ' in order to paint a 
 ^ Hercules or a Mar«, one cmild no «here find fiich 
 * beautiful models.'] Tlieir features aie perfectly 
 like thofe of the inhabitants of Europe, their hair is 
 black, and tbeir (kins rather brown, but this Is attri- 
 buted to their being fo much expofed to the fun and 
 air. 
 
 " The other Indians arc about the middle ftature, 
 have almoft the features and complexion of Malattos, 
 and rough, curled hair, as (hong as the bridles of a 
 hog. Aotourou was of tliis tribe, and the fon of one 
 vl the chiefs of the ifland. * 
 
 " Both the tribes fliavc the upper part of the face, 
 permitting the beard on the chin to grow, and a 
 whifkcron each lip ; fomc of them bind the hair on 
 the top of the head, while others Cut it fhort, but all 
 «f them rub the oil of the cocoa-nut into the hair and 
 beard. They permit all their nails to grow a great 
 kngtli, except that of the middle-finpcr of the right- 
 hand. Among thefe people one cripple only v/as 
 ieen, and it was fuppofed that he got iiis hurt by a 
 fall.t" There arc fome other particulars mentioned 
 by the French author which arc fo exattly alike 
 with the accounts of the Captains VVallis and 
 Conk, that we have purpofely oniittid them. 
 
 " 1 ho people of Otahcile ftain the lower parts of 
 tlieir backs, and their thighs, with a deep blue, the 
 nietliod of doing which having been already mentioned 
 ill our account of Captain Cooks's voyaiie, need not 
 be luie lepiated. M. Hougainville mentions it as a 
 linniil.ir ciicumlhiiice, that the prndticc of painting 
 the b<Kly has always prevailed anions the people of all 
 countries, at the time when they bordered on a (late 
 of nature, it is, inilLcd, a well known fait, that the 
 aiK iuiit Britons were found liained with wood, when 
 (iiliiis C;Elar made his lirlt delcent on this ifland. 
 Our author reprcfents thefe iflanders as gorxl natured 
 and benevolent in a high degree. He fa ?, that, 
 though the I'evcral diftricts are governed each by its 
 own chit!', public war, or private animofity feemed 
 to be equally unknown nn the ifland. The natives 
 fcem not to entertain even the flighteft doubt of the 
 integrity of e.ich nther, ami appeiir to enjoy, in com- 
 mon, whatever is necttlhry to the fupport of life. 
 Their houfes arc always open night and day, and 
 whoever enters may freely <;at of whatever he finds. 
 
 * Our author lays tliat tiiis InJian's want of pcrlonal beauryt 
 was amply rccoinpenfcd i»y tlic govHintf'; af his unilcrllanding ; 
 bur litis afl'crtion lias been flatly cnntradif\ccl liy the tcHiniony 
 of fcveral Englifh gcntltnien, wlio faw Aotourou, ilurini^ his 
 relittcnce at Paris, and who reprifcntcd hini as one of' the mort 
 ignorant Idocklicads ihcy ever ';nc\v. 
 
 t The furgcon iplorircil M, Itougaiaville, that miny af the 
 l^tives were marked iviiU tlic fniall-pojc ; and lie favs, tic touk 
 
 In like manner they gather fruit from evfry tree, and 
 all the level country being a kind of coiitiiiu.d or- 
 chaid, feems to be but one conimim prnpcrty. Vet 
 Wire thcfe people, with fiuh exalted ideas ol general 
 benevolence, moll dextrous in Itealiiig the property 
 of the French. The chicis, however, did not encou- 
 rage thiir interiors in thefe depredations, on the con- 
 trary, they rii|ui(led the officers to kill tliofc who 
 Ihuuld be detected in an act of theft, but they would 
 never take this dilagiaable talk on IhemlJves. When 
 a tliief was pointed out to l.,\:t\, he would run after 
 till he had over'aVen lini, and thvn compelling him 
 to leltore the llokn gooils, he punifhed the oft'cncc 
 by a number ot ilrip's. — ,^ though the inhabitants of 
 (jiaheite maintain p;rpetual peace among themfelvcs, 
 yet it feldom happens, but that they are engaged in 
 wur with the natives of the adjacent iflands,^ 
 
 «* They have i.iit;e vtlRls, called I'eriaguas, in 
 which they '.lefcend on the cr.cmies country, and even 
 engage in ica-Hghts, A pike and a bow with a fling 
 are all th,:ir arms. If Aotourou's information is to 
 be dcpe.ided on, the confcqiicncc of their battles are 
 very iatal to the vanquifhed. The men and boys, 
 who are made prifoiurs, are dripped of their 
 Ikins, and the beards of the men are taken oft', and 
 carried away in triumph, as cnfigns of the viftory. 
 The conquerors take with them the women and girls, 
 with whom they frequently cohabit. Aotourou de- 
 clared himfelf the (on of one of thcfe alliances, his 
 mother being a native of Ofiirr, an ifland not far dif- 
 tant from Otaheite, with the inhabitants of wliich 
 they are frequently at war. M. Bougainville afcribes 
 the ditt'crence between thefe two races of people, to 
 this intercourfc with the captive women of the adjacent 
 iflands. The principal people on the ifland have a 
 number of fervants, who (ubmit to their orders with 
 the moft unrcferved obedience ; and, in each diltridt, 
 the will of the chief is a law, from the authority of 
 which there is no appeal ; but the chief himfelf does 
 not come to any refolution rclpciting matters of great 
 importance, till he has prcvioufly confulted wi'h the 
 principal inhabitants." 
 
 M. Bougainville fays, that when the moon ex- 
 hibits a certain afpcif, which bears the n.ime ot jlftj- 
 tama Tiimai, [the moon in a (late of war] the natives 
 oft'er up human lacrifices. He alfo mentions onecir- 
 cuindance, as a proof that thefe people originated on 
 the continent, from whence their anceftorsmuft have 
 emigrated. When any one fneezcs his companions 
 cry out, Evarcua-t-entcuay that is, may the good ge- 
 nius awaken thee ; or, may not the evil genius lull 
 thee afleep. 
 
 The principal people on the ifland appear to have 
 itiany wives ; and our author fays polygamy is com- 
 mon among them all, as the rich arc chiefly diltin- 
 guilhed from the poor by keeping a greater number 
 iif the fair fex ; for univerl^il love is the churaitcr- 
 iftic of the inhabitants of Otaheite. Both the parents 
 feem equally fond of nurfing their infants. The men 
 employ themfelvcs principally in war, filhing and 
 agriculture, while the women have little to do, but 
 to render themfelvcs agreeable by their afliduity to 
 pleale ; they fubmit implicitly to the will of the men, 
 and the woman who fhould proftitute herliilf witii- 
 ojit the permiflion of her hufband, would atone for 
 her infidelity with her life. But that liberty to gratify 
 her paflions, in what way (he pleafes, is foeafily ob- 
 tained, that thcfe fair ones are not under the lead 
 temptation, to difobediencs ; in fatft, the wife gene- 
 rally yields her perl'on at the folicitation of her 
 hufliaiul. 
 
 The commodore having cng.iged Aotourou to come 
 
 on 
 
 cverv pref .lution that iKc venereal difcafe fliouUl not be com- 
 nuinicatL-d to thefe unhappy, unoffending people, but it appears 
 from Captain Cook's account, that fome of tlie Frenchmen 
 ucrc !>.tfc cnnuf^h to plant llii^' dreadful malady in a countiy 
 u'liLi'c, from Itougainvillc's own account, it is more likely to 
 fprcad tiian any other part of ihc world, on account uf the ex- 
 treino attachment ot the inhabitants to the adt uf vcnery. 
 
 17CH 
 
aj6 
 
 tut VOVACfc OJf 
 
 1768 o'n lioanl, was *t great expcnce to bring him to Paris, 
 \ I anil to rrnjcr his lefiJcncc ealV, improvingi and in- 
 lertaiiiint;. M. tiuuvainvilfc informs us, tlut a 
 gCMtlcmaii of Paris, dif(inguilhcil by his flcill in tcath- 
 ilig the art of fpecch to pcrfons born iloiif and dumb, 
 Rpcatrdly examined Aotourou, and found that br 
 could not naturally pronounce any of the French 
 nafal voweU, and but very few of the confonants. 
 
 Aotourou informed ine commodore, that an 
 Englifl) Ihip hid arrived at Olahcite about eight 
 months bifurc the French touched at that illand. 
 This (fuv« our author) was the veflel commanded by 
 Captain Wallace) and he afcribes the knoAlcdge of 
 iron, which was obfcrvcd among the natives, to this 
 vifit of the Englifti, efpecially as they call it Aouri, 
 which he fays is not unlike our word irtti. On the 
 mornine of the 16th of April, 176K, M, Bougain- 
 ville difcovered what he thought to be three other 
 iflands ; but it was afterwards found to be only one, 
 the high lands, of which had, at a dilfance, given ii 
 the appearance of feparatc inands. At a conlidcrable 
 diftancc from this ifland they faw another, which 
 Aotourou told them was called Ouirmilia; that the 
 natives of it were in alliance with the people of Ota- 
 hfrite ; that there was a girl on the iflaiul to whom be 
 hnd a ftron;; attachment ; and that if the commodore 
 would touch there, he would meet with the fame kind 
 of nrcefTaries, and the lame hofpitable treatment as he 
 h:id experienced among bis countrymen. 
 
 The commander, however, deaf to all thefc per- 
 tuafivc arguments, held on his way, and lofl fight 
 of the ifland the fame day. The fucceeding night 
 proved remarkably fair, and the ftars appearing with 
 unclouded lul^rr, Aotourou pointed out a conllella- 
 tion in the fhoulder of Orion, and expred'cd a wi(h 
 that the (hip's courii: might be direiftcd by it, in con- 
 fequence of which they would, in two days time, ar- 
 livc at a fine illand where he had a numerous acquaint- 
 ance, and it was cnnjedlurcd from his hints, that he 
 had alfo a chiM there. As M. Bouganville pcififted 
 in his refolutiun not to alter the (hip's courfc, Aou- 
 touroii became very uneafy, and endeavoured to per- 
 fuadc liim to rtecr for the dcfired port, by alluring Him 
 that the ifland abounded in bogs, fowls, fruits, and 
 what he Teemed to think would bethcmoft prevailing 
 argument, fine women, who were abundantly liberal of 
 their favours. Heing angry that his rcafons did not 
 opciat.' with the commodore, he ran to the ftcerage, 
 iind leizini the wheel of the helm tried to (teer for 
 hK f.ivourife idc, nor was it witliout great difficulty 
 on the part nf the hclm's-man, and equal vexation 
 on the part of the poor Indian, that lie was prevented 
 from carrving his dcfign into execution. 
 
 Early on the following morning, he climbed to 
 the ma(t-head, where he r>;mained feveral hours, anx- 
 ioufly looking out for th'^ fpot which had fo much 
 attraiilol his regard. On the preceding night he 
 pointed out a great number of ftars, and inK>rmcd 
 hi. Bougainville of their names in the language of 
 Otaheitc ; r.nii it was afterwards certainly known, 
 that this iilander was not unacquainted with the phafes 
 of the moon, and that he was learned in thofi: prog- 
 i.olHcka which evince an approaching change in the 
 weather. It likcwil'c appeared that his countrymen 
 •vtrc not uninformed in this kind of knowledge, foufe- 
 lul 10 p^opl'-- whole wants or curiofity frequently car- 
 ry them to fea, where they have no compafs to direiSf 
 their courfc, except their own judgment and the fight 
 of the crskftial conftellations ; and M. Bougainville 
 fays that the natives of Otaheite arc fully convinced 
 that the dm anJ moon are peopled. 
 
 riiiweailKT continued fine till the end of April, 
 at which tiiiik tlic principal pilot on board the Bou- 
 deul'e, died (( an apopleiiic fit. In the beginning of 
 the month of May, three iflands were difcovered at 
 the (lifl.ince of ten or twelve leagues to the nortb- 
 xvcft ; but thefc were unknown to Aotourou, who 
 imagined tliat it was .M. Bougainville's country. 
 7'he moon llionc biic,ht in the night, during which 
 they kept fight of iflands, and in the morning fleered 
 7 
 
 for the largcft, theeaflern Ihorr of wliirh they coaftcdi 
 and found it about nine miles in length. '1 he coaftk 
 of this ifland are remarkably (Uvp, and, indeed, tht 
 whole of it ii little elfe than an cnoiinous hill cloathed 
 with trees. Several fires were fecn on Ihorr, and* 
 fmall number of houfes covered with reeds, under the 
 fliade of cocoa-nut-trees, and more than twenty of 
 the natives running haftily along the cualf . The two 
 final ler iflands were each about u mile and a half in 
 length, and Irparated from the larger one by an arm 
 of the fea. In (hapu and appearance they were very 
 like the former. 
 
 'I'he commodore had given direfliont to ftecr be- 
 tween the iflands, when a bout with five Indians iii 
 her was obfervcd coming off towards the (hip i Ihu 
 advanced very near, and iliough every fign of friendly 
 invitation was made, not one of the natives would 
 venture on board. 1'hey had no kind of rloathing 
 but a bandage round the waifl, and ns thry could nut 
 be prevailed on to come up the fliip't fide, Aotourou 
 llrippcd himlclf, leaving on nothing more than what 
 they wore, and addrefled them ia the language of 
 Otaheite ) but they underllood not a Word of wh.at 
 he faid. As they held up fome cocoa-nuts and other 
 vegetables, and leemtd to wilh to barter them for Ibnie 
 trinkets which vere (hewn them, M. Bougainvilla 
 urdercxi out one of the (hip's boats, with a view to 
 vifit the (Irangcrs j but they no fooncr learned his in- 
 tention, than they rowed off with all poflible expe- 
 dition, and he did not think proper to follow them. 
 In a little time many boats advanced towards the (hips, 
 fome of them rowing and others failing. Thefe, lefs 
 diffident than the tornicr, came clofe under the (hip's 
 fide, but none of the iflandrrs would venture on board. 
 I'hey exchanged pieces of an exquifitely fine (hcl!, 
 yams, cocoa-nuts, and a water-hen of moll beautiful 
 plumage, for fmall pieces of red ituffj but thv y did 
 not feem fond of ear-iings, knives, nails, nur iron 
 of any kind ; which had been fo eagerly coveted by 
 the inhabitants of Otaheite. One of thefe Indians 
 broii;^',ht a cock with him, but he would not part with 
 it upon any terms. I'hey had alfo fome pieces of 
 cloth of the fame kind as that manufactured at Ota- 
 heite ; but not of fo fine a fabrick, and died black, 
 brown, and red, but none of the colours were good 
 of their kinds. They were likewifc poflelTed of a kind 
 of wood hardened by fire, lances, mats, and fi(h- 
 hooks made of bones. .M. Bougainville conjeiflures 
 from the features of tliofe iflanders, that they arc not 
 of fo amiable a difpofition as the natives of Otaheite ; 
 and he reprefcnts them as fuch dextrous thieves, thac 
 it was almoll impoflible to guard againfl their depreda- 
 tions. Thele people are of the middle fixe, and ex- 
 ceedingly alert ; they are of a deep brown complexion, 
 but one was fcen among them who was much fairer 
 than any of the others ; they had no beards, fo it 
 was fuppofcd they were plucked up by the roots, and 
 their hair, which was univerfally black, flood almoft 
 ere£l on their heads i their hands and breads were 
 painted with deep blue. 
 
 Their boats are built in a mod ingenious tade, and 
 are furnifhcd with out-riggers. The head and dern 
 of the ved'el are equally flat with its fides, and 
 over each is a fmall deck. In the centre is a row 
 of wooden pegs, the tops of which are inclolinl in a 
 (hell of the pured white ; the fail is formed of mat- 
 ting, and its (hape triangular, being extended by means 
 of dicks. In thefe boats the iflanders followed the 
 French velTels a confiderabledidanceout to fea, while 
 feveral others from the fmaller iflands, joined the na- 
 val proccfllon, and produced an cfi'eA that was highly 
 agreeable. In one of thefe lad-mentioned boatn was 
 an old woman remarkably didinguilhcd by the uglinefs 
 of her features. As tKe weather now tell calm, the 
 commodore gave up, from an apprehenfion of danger, 
 hisprojedl of failing between the iflands, though the 
 breadth of the channel was mere than four miles. 
 They now therefore failed in the open fea, and on the 
 evening of the fame day, the man at the mad-head 
 had fight of other land, even while they v^ere yet in 
 
 view 
 
 Arc 
 
 ol 
 gate 
 
 Fori 
 
 ■iij'--V' «*- 
 
 t'iU^j . i^ait. 'fr'^'iAlU 
 
 '4BHi<;<ML<<.jw7'' 
 
M. BOUGAINVILLE, 
 
 «?7 
 
 vi(w, l)y the aid of 4 blight moon, of the iflaiidi thry 
 hod lately Idt. 
 
 On the moriiinp; of the 5tli, it appeared that the 
 ncwiv dilcovorcd laiuKvAi. u liciuitilul illaiul confilting 
 of aftcrn.itc niuuiitiiiii'. -.iiu] uillirs, dnthnl witli the 
 rahcd verdure, ;inil lincly fli.idowid by the (prcading 
 branches ol t)ic coccia-niit, and u variety of other 
 trcc«. Near the welternioll point of tins illand i> 
 a ledge (it rockn, and the leu breaks wjtii vndenee on 
 many parts of the toads, I'o that it would be ditficult 
 to land, except in very few places. Many l)oats 
 put off from the idand, and failed round tlie (hips, 
 though they were then gniiin; at the rate of at leatt I'e- 
 vcn knots an hour. Thefc ooafs, however, one only 
 excepted, would not venture near tliv (hip< i but that 
 one went alonz-fide, and her crew made fifijns fui the 
 French to land, which they would have done, but the 
 1>reakcrs rendered it impofliblc. At tliis time the man 
 at the mad-head obfcrvcd a number of the Indians 
 boats failing to the fouthward. On the following day 
 another idand was Teen to the weKward of the fttips 
 courfe, in the neighbourhood of which were two 
 fnialler iflands ; but none of thefc could be didint^ly 
 bf-held on account of fonic thick fogs, which inter- 
 cepted the view. The lad-mentioned idands are dtu- 
 ated nearly wh'^re 'I'afinan the Dutch navigator has 
 placed a number of idands which he difcovcred, and 
 tn which he gave the names of Hccmfkirk, Prince 
 William, Pylftaart, Amfterdam, and Rotterdam. — 
 I'he longitude of thcfe idands correfponds likewife 
 very nearly with thofe which navigators have called 
 Solomon's Ides, fo t it it is mod probable they are 
 the fame. M. Bougaii.ville conjeiflures that the num- 
 ber of boats which were obferved failing to the fouth- 
 ward, is a vindication tnat there are other idands at 
 no great didance ( and, inuecd, this opinion fcems to 
 be well grounded. To all thcfe idands the commo- 
 
 ArclilpeUgn dorc gave the general name of the Anhipelagi of tht 
 
 of tlie N»vi- Navisalort. 
 
 g«ots. Qu ^ijj morning of the nth, anotiicr idand was 
 
 Forlorn Hone, discovered, which received the name of the Firlorne 
 H.pt. At a didance, it had the appearance of two 
 idands, but this deception w.is occafioncd by its ftiapc ) 
 for it confided of two hills joined by a low land, 
 wliich could not be fecn far out at fea. At this pe- 
 riod, and fome days before and afterwards, the wea- 
 ther was extremely unfavourable, the winds being ad- 
 verfe, and the rains and calms alternate. M. Bon- 
 p;ainvillc (on this circumdance) obfervcs, that in the 
 ocean which has r>btaincd the name of Pacific, the ap- 
 proach to land is generally announced by violent tem- 
 pcds, which becomes dill more violent in proportion 
 as the moon decrcalls, the vicinity of the iflands is 
 generally fort boded by thick clouds at the horizon, and 
 liqually weather} and the precaution necedary to be 
 taken to prevent a vedd's running foul of fhoals, may 
 be more eafily conceived than defcribcd. In the prc- 
 fciit indancc it was impofliblc to proceed with the ne- 
 cedary degree of precaution; for the crew were in 
 want of provifions, and water in particular, grew 
 very fcarce ; lo that they were obliged to take advan- 
 tage of every breeze of wind, both by night and day, 
 and run all hazards for fear of darving. Thus fitu- 
 atcd, it may bcprcfumed that they thought thcmfelves 
 fufficicDtly unhappy i but thplrdidrcfs was aggravated 
 by the greater number of the crew of each fhip being, 
 attacked by the fcurvy, which inflamed their mouths 
 tofueh adcgree, that they could fcarcely have fwal- 
 lowcd thofc refrediments of which they ftood much 
 in need. Salt beef, pork, and dried pulfe, cnndituted 
 the whole fare of thofe who remained in health for the 
 fick, however, there were yet fomc few articles of frcfli 
 provilions remaining. At this unfortunate juncture 
 the difeafe, confcquent on an illicit commerce between 
 the fexes made its appearance, attended by all its mod 
 difagrceablc fymptoms, Aotourou was foextremely ill 
 of it, that though feemin;f to defpife its efFciSls, he was 
 obliged to fubmit himlilf to the care of the furgcons. 
 'I he fliips now dcercd a wedctly courfc, and on the 
 morning of the 2zd, two idands were difcovcred, one 
 Vol.. I. N» 2j. 
 
 of which received the nimc of Yworj, frflrn (he early i-jdj 
 
 hour on which it was I'een, and the other of if'liiil''i>>' > .—-^ 
 
 tide Ijlr., from the day on which it was dil'covcrnl. AMir-« iru..!. 
 
 The track of the velleU was now fo dirc(;U-d as that " ' ' '" ■'''^'' 
 
 they might have palled between the two iflaiidr, 
 
 hut an unexpei'led rahn prevented this nuntcuvie. 
 
 Proceeding to the northward of this lird-dilcovercd 
 
 illand, a nlini; land, in a conic.il form, was obferved 
 
 lo hear north hy well, which rmivid llie name of 
 
 the I'tuk of the l:ii,/,: In the afternoon, inoiiiitain- pu^i, li;,,;],, 
 
 ous lands at thirty miles dillant weu Ictn apjuarinu;, 
 
 as it were over and beyond the illand of Aiirc.ia. 
 
 On theijd it was difcovcred, rhat the land l.dl (len 
 was a feparate id.ind, the appearance of which was 
 lofty, its dcfcent deep, and tlie whole cloalhed wiih 
 trees. A number of boats were li-en coading the 
 diore, but none of them .ipproached the fliips : I'mokc 
 was fecn ilVuiiig from among the woods, hut no habi- 
 tation was obferved. In the morning the com- 
 modore difpatched three boats very well manned and 
 armed to take in wooil, and to learn the niced'ary par- 
 ticulars rcfpcitinj; the country, while the ftiip's guns 
 were brought to bear on the idand, in onler to protect 
 the boat's crew from any inlult that mi -lit be olRred 
 them hy the natives. M. Hougaiiiville hinil'elt went 
 on fliorc in the afternoon, where he found the 
 Indians afTiding the French, in carrying to the boats 
 a i^uantityof wooil which had been cut. 
 
 I'hc information obtained from the officer com- 
 manding the boat's crew was. That on his fird h-nd- 
 ing, the natives ad'embled on the (horc, armed with 
 bows and arrows, intimating, by f'gns, that the 
 draiigers mud retreat. The French odicer, however, 
 gave orders for landing, and while his people advanced, 
 the Indians retreated, but with tlicir bows bent, and 
 in an attitude of felf-defence. At length, they were 
 ordered to halt, while the prince of Naflau approaclied 
 the Indians, who no longer retired when ilicy law 
 only one perlbn advancing. The prince having given 
 them fomc remnants of red cloth, their cdeeni ap- 
 jwared to be at once conciliated. The commanding 
 officer now dation„d himfclf at the entrance of a 
 woo<l, and lent out a party in fearch of refrefhnunt«, 
 while another was difpatched to cut fire-wood. The 
 natives now came forward with .tii appearance of 
 fricnddlip, and didributed fome fruit among the fea- 
 men, to whom they likewife gave fome arrows, but 
 refufeil to accept any thing in exchange. Their 
 numbers were confiderabic, and thofe who Were not 
 armed with bows and arrows, h,id provided themfelvcs 
 with ftones, as indruments of defence. 
 
 Thefe people intimated, that they were at war with 
 the natives of a dift'eicnt didrift on the idand, and 
 even while they were hinting this circumdance, an 
 ir.iied party of Indians approached from the weft- 
 w ird, while the former appeared determined not to 
 retreat from their enemies ; but the valour of thefe 
 latter was rendered unnecellary to lie exerted by the 
 want of courage in the others. Matters were in this 
 Situation when M. Bougainville landed on the idand, 
 where he remained till his boas were laden with the 
 articles he wanted. This being done, he took pof* 
 fcdTion of the place, by the aiS of burying at the foot 
 of a tree an infcription, carved on an nak-plank, and 
 then he retreated to the fliip. It was imagined, that 
 this early retreat of the French prevented an attack, 
 which the idanders had meditated, as tliey feemed to 
 be making preparations for what they had not yet in 
 their power to carry into execution, but no iboner 
 had the boats put olF, than the Indians hadencd to 
 the beach, and complimented them with a ihower 
 of arrows, and a volley of flones ; fomc of them even 
 plunged into the waves, aiming their fury at the fup- 
 pofed invaders, and hurling their vengeance on the 
 infolent drangcrs. When, at length, ope of the feat 
 men having been wounded by a done, a difcharge of 
 mufquets drove the idanders to their native woods, evi- 
 dently wounded, from their cries and exclamations. 
 [ M. Bougainville gives the following defcriptioii of ' 
 ^he natives of this idand, w,hicl) he called the ^< e/Iflcof Lcperst 
 X X X Leftrtf 
 
 L 11 ' 
 Ik 
 
 
 I'll 
 
 liM M 
 
 'fm: 
 
ijU 
 
 ) 
 
 THE VOYAGE OF 
 
 Ltptri, fiom obfcrving thit m«ny of the inh;ibitant« 
 wi'ic •iflii'txl with (he Icpiufy : Sumu of ihem an 
 niulattocs, aiiJ otl.cii pcifc£l iu'grn«( their hair it 
 «voully, 411)1 urencrally bUck, but in dime inllancrt 
 very ln-ht-brnwii, approitching to yellow. Kcw wo- 
 nivil were luen .iinoii); ihciiii but th<ilc lew wrrc 
 e(|iijlly dil'.iKrccahlc .i» the men, who urc icpreli:iiti;J 
 •H Inw in llulurc, ill Ijvuurcd, mid ililiiropdrtidiubly 
 made. 
 
 The women of ihii lingular ciiuntry carry tliiir 
 chlMrrii ill a b.ig of cloth, IIumj/ at their back*. On 
 thcfe clothi tlurc are elegant drawings in a fine dye 
 of crimfDii, The iiofi'H of the nun arc pierced and 
 liuii^ witli orn.imciit« \ and it is prcl'umed, that they 
 pliiclcnut their beards, as none ol them were obfervrd 
 to ha\e anv. I'hcy wear a bracelet on the arm, which 
 had the appearance of ivory, and pitn-s of tortoife- 
 (helli round their neck*. Clubs, llones, bows and 
 arrows form the armour of tliefc people, the arrows 
 are made of reeds pointed with bone. On the points 
 of thcfe bones are inverted darts, which prevent the 
 arrow's being drawn without trarinR the (bill of the 
 wounded perfoii. The boats of thefe in.mders bore n 
 Urong refembl.ince to thofe of the Indians of the Ille 
 of Navigators, but thefe vellels did not approach the 
 fllips fo near as to furnifh the French with an op- 
 portunity of giving a defcription of their conllrui^tion. 
 — Near the beacli on which M. Uuugainville landed, 
 is a lofty bill, extremely ftccp, yet cloathed with a 
 fuper-abundance of verdure. The vegetable produc- 
 tions of the lUe of Lepers, are far inferior to thofe 
 of Otaheitc, owing, a is fiippofed, t<i the lightiiefs 
 of the foil, and its want of depth. Figs of a fpecies 
 not before known, were found in this cniiiitry, and 
 ll'VCr.M paths were li;en cut through the tvoojs, and 
 inclofed by pallifudocs about ."i yard in heiuhr. Ir was 
 conjerturcd, that thefe inclofures niarkej the bounil- 
 aries of tlic landed pioiierty of difjerent pcrfoiis. Half 
 .1 dozen hovels only were fecn, into which no per- 
 fon could enter but upon hands and knees, yet the 
 inhabitants were very rumcroiis, and it is fup|)ofed 
 they niuft be very miferablc, from the perpetual wars 
 among the natives of difTcrent diflricts on the illand. 
 M. H'Mig tinville fays, that the found of a drum, harfli 
 and dilFunant to the ear, was frequently heard in the 
 wood, near the top of the above-mentioned hill j and 
 this he ima!;ines to have been a fignal for the Indians 
 to rally their forces ; for no fooner h.id the difcharge 
 of the fire-arms difperfed the multitude, than this 
 drum was heard, and when the iflanders in enmity 
 with the othcrs.appcar(d, the drum was beat with ful- 
 pendcd violence. 
 
 Aotourou formed a very contcm])tible opinion of 
 the inhabitants of the I (Ic of Lepers, whole perfons 
 .appeared beyond dcfcriptiun odious in his eyes) and of 
 whofe Unguage he had not tlie digliteft idea. 
 
 On the aja more land was dilcovered, which On 
 the 25th was obfcrved to enclofe almoll all the hori- 
 -/on, fo that the fliips were furroundcd in one cxtcn- 
 fivc gulph, while the coaft of the newly difcovercd 
 country contained many other gulphs, or large in- 
 lets, acrofs which feveral boats were obferved rowing 
 from one (horc to the other. 
 
 'I'hc night of the 25th was fpcnt in tacking, and 
 in the mornint it was obferved, that the currents had 
 carried the vellel feveral miles more to the fouth than 
 their reckoning. The number of ides now fecn was 
 fo great, that they could not \-<c counted, nor could 
 the end of the cxtcnfivc cotintrics be difcern«l. Steer- 
 inn north-wtfl by weft, the land had a very beauti- 
 fuf afpcift, being diverfified with fine trees, between 
 fpots of land that had the u^ipearancc of being culti- 
 vated. Some parts of th mountains being oarrcrt, 
 and fpottcd in different places with a red earth, M. 
 I)oii!;ainvillcconje«5tuitsfrom that circumflance, that 
 thty contained (ome mineral fubftanccs. 
 
 A great inlet to tJie weftward having been fecn on 
 the preceding day, the ftlps now arrived in it, and 
 faw a numlvr c'' negro Indians on the fouth coaft of 
 tt, whil'j others apprvached the veflch in' their boats, 
 
 but when they came to vbout the diftanri* rif a muf- 
 i|iK't-fhot, they would advance i"' nearer, nor cuulJ 
 any fi^n of invitation lioni the French inJun them 
 tu alter ihcir rvlulution. — I'hc land on the iioi ih Ihore 
 IS ol 1 moderate hei^>ht, and cloathiil v\itli tiei>. i)M 
 this ftiorc many in'ros wue letii, and fevctal liiijt< 
 put otl' lotvnrds the lliips 1 but thele, like the liwoici, 
 refufed to cuine oil board. At the ililtaiice of about 
 el^^ht iiiiU'S from this Ipot, two illalids Wire fern, 
 which liirmed the entrance of a line b ly, \vli:cli tht 
 boats were lent to examine, and after thev had Uvn 
 u;one a few hour*, the found of mul(|uets was hemJ, 
 Willi h nude the cniiimodore very uncaly. On their 
 ivtiiiii in the evening it appeared, that one of (hem, 
 in diiiihcdience tu the orders of the commander, had 
 left her conlort, and going near on Ihori, the Indians 
 difeliarged two arrows at the crew, which outr:ii;e wi« 
 retiiriud by the niuftjuetry, and liirnc lar^'er gun^. \ 
 proii ttingpomt ol land prevented the boat's beiii^lccn 
 limn the fhips, but the inci ll'ant firing induced the 
 commodore to ima^^ine, that Ihe was eii;;agrd with a 
 very laiiic number ;>f the enemies boat>, twool wliicb 
 flv: li.nl certalnl) encountered. 
 
 I'repaiatioiis were making for diipatching the long- 
 boat to her alliftaiice, when Ihe w.i> dcfcried, coming 
 round the above-mentioned point nf land. 
 
 'I'he drums were now heard inccflantly beatinir, 
 and the cries of the wounded Indians, who rclrc:itiil 
 to ilie woods. •' i iminciliatcly made ligiial to the boat 
 (fays he) to come on board, and I took my meaturis 
 to prevent our being difhonouied for the future, by 
 luch anabufcofthu funeriority of our po«ct." The 
 country laft-mentioned, confined of a number of finall 
 iflands, off which there is tolerable yood anchorage, 
 but at fiich a diftaiice from the co.ilf, that a Ihip 
 could not cover any boats that (hould land, which, 
 as the illands are cloathed with thick woods, would 
 be the more nccelfary. Thcfe Indians went nakril, 
 and, except a bandage round the waift, wore the fame 
 kind of ornaments as thofe on the Ifland of Lc|>ers, 
 whom they rcfembled in all refpcdls, except not beinf( 
 quite fu black ; and the produ£iions of the illanit 
 Acre likewifc the fame. '1 he commodore very pro- 
 perly declined any attempt to trade with thefe people, 
 whom he could not fuppofe would barter their eftefit 
 with thofe from whom they had received fucli iJcn- 
 tial injuries. On the morning of the 27th they again 
 failed, and, in a few hours had Tight of a fine planta- 
 tion of trees, between which there were regular walks 
 refembling thofe of an Kuroiican gxrden. JVlany of 
 the natives were fecn near this fput, and as an inlet 
 was obferved at no fmall diftance, the commodore 
 ordered the boats to be lioilfed out, but they fouud 
 that it was impra^icablc to land. 
 
 The fhips now quitted the great clufter of iflands 
 they had lately vilitcd, which received the ceneral 
 name of The Archipelago of tht great Cydn/let, which it is Arcliipclafo 
 conjeiSiired, occupies no leis than three degrees of "*••« peas 
 latitude, and five of longitude. M. Houpainvifie faysj^?^*'*"*"- 
 that thefe ifland) are not the fame that (juiros calleit 
 Titrra AuJIral del Ej^irit$ Santo ; but that Roggevvein 
 faw the northern extremity- of them, which he deno- 
 minated Gttuin^en, And Titnhn'en. Our author now 
 recites a very fingular faiSt : On board the (tore-fliip 
 was a pcrfon repoitcd to be a woman, which was al- 
 moft confirmed by her want of beard and voice, and 
 her ftiapc. The commodore going on bosrd the 
 Fitoile, enquired into the faift, when the party con- 
 fefl'cd her fex, while floods of tears ftreamcd down her 
 face : her ftory is extraordinary. — Born in Burgundy, 
 and left an orphan, (he was ruined by the fatiu ifi'ue 
 of a law fuit ; on which (he rcfolvcd to drop (he 
 habit of her fex, and fcrved a gentleman at Parish 
 but hearing of M. Bougainville's intended expedition 
 round the world, (he repaired to Rochfort, whercjull 
 before the (hips embarked, (he entered into the fcrvicc 
 of M. de CommcrTm, who went out with a view of 
 incrcafmg his botanical knowledge. She folIo;ved her 
 mafter, with aftonifhing courage and refolution, 
 through deep fnows to the hoary tops of the inoun- 
 7 taiaj 
 
 .«^:v 
 
Is 
 Lt 
 
 lis Arclu|«l«r« 
 jf erf il* f«« 
 
 » 
 
 I'P 
 |1- 
 
 M. n () U O A I N V I T, I, r. 
 
 'SO 
 
 lalni in ihe flrrighit of Maghcllan, carrying ]om\* of 
 herht, plinli, arm!, and provifinnii, with iiiilJH'ak.ilil<- 
 cnaragr md unwearied tnil. While our ilJvcnlu^('r^ 
 Were atOlahcile, ihe men of tli.it illand floekrd rotiiid 
 our lu-roine, and cxclaiminj;, " thi« in ;i wnni.in," 
 would have treated her ai fuch, but thit an ntficcr 
 refcutd her from their handa, and nrdcrrd h'-r to K' 
 delivered, unvidl.itcd, on boaril the fliip. M. Ilou- 
 g.iinvillc obfervea, that this it tlie firit woman lliat 
 ever circumnavigated the globe, and rcnurlcs on iI\l' 
 fingularity of her fituation, if the fliiiH ftioulJ liavf 
 been wrecked on fomc defart iflc jii the great octan. 
 The name of this extraordinary wonun is Hare ; and 
 fhe in a« celebrated for her chaHity at licr louranc. 
 
 On the nipht between the 4ih and 5(h «( Juiw, 
 fome breaker* were fcen at half a league dlllaiu-i', In 
 the light of the moon. In the morning it :i|)|Hari'd 
 to be a low, flat, fandy ifle abounding in bir>N, which 
 received the name of the Shut cf Diuita, About this 
 period fcvcral fpccicn of fruit, and fonic piicct of 
 wood floated by the (hip, and a kind of flying lilh u.ii 
 fecn, larger than the common fort, the body ol winch 
 wat blacK, and the wing* red. A fand-b.ink w.Kilii'- 
 covered on the 6th, on which the fea broke violi ntly, 
 ind the topt of rocks were feenat intermediate fparc«. 
 At thii time the fait provifions on board were become 
 
 fo putrid, that it was almoll impolEble for men, even 
 
 nnc to fwall 
 foie the rats were induftrioufly fought after, and eaten 
 
 on the point of Ihrving to fwallow them ; and there- 
 
 in prefercncctothcm. The remaining pcafe would ferve 
 only forty days, and the bread two monthn ; fo that 
 it become highly nccclTary to think of ftevring to the 
 northward. 
 
 On the lotli, before day-break, an agreeable fr.i- 
 gvancy impregnated the air, announcing that land 
 was near I anil it was accordingly dilcovercd before 
 fuii-rifing. This is dcfcribed as r molt delicious 
 country, divided near the fea-coalk into groves and 
 plains, behind which the land rife:: in the form of an 
 amphitheatre, till the top«of the mountain iie loft 
 ill the clouds. The moft :ofty of this chain of moun- 
 tains was fecii above fevcnty miles in-laiij. 'I'he 
 whole country appeared to be rich and fertile, but the 
 di'plorable fituation the (hips companies were re- 
 duced to, would not admit of their Haying to fake a 
 more aci-urate furvey of it. On the loth a prodiy;ious 
 ftvell from the fouth-call drove the (hips violently to- 
 wards land, and they were foon within about two 
 miles of it ; and the night was pafled in this dangerous 
 fituation, taking advantage of every flight breeze to 
 clear the fliore. A number of boats were now fien 
 coafting the iflaiid,on many parts of which Cues were 
 olil'erved. A turtle was found here in the belly of a 
 (liark. For fevcral fucciflive days there was fo thick 
 a fog, that the Boudcufe was obliged to fire frequent 
 guns to keep company >vi'.h the Ltoile, on board of 
 which was a part of their provifions. Several (hell 
 (ilh, called cornets, leaped into the (hip in the 
 night, and it is known of thefe (i(h, that they arc 
 acciiftonicd to keep at the bottom of the fea, it is evi- 
 dent that the velTcIs muft have been in very fliallow 
 water. On the i6th the weather became fine, and 
 on the following day fcveral iflands were difcovered, 
 one of which was called, VJbant-, from its fimilitude to 
 the ifland of that name. By this time our voyagers 
 were reduced to very great extremities. Thcallow- 
 ancc of bread and pcafe w.ts confiderably reduced ; and 
 a fear of the confequences that might arife, obliged 
 the commodore to forbid the eating of leather.* On 
 the i8th not lefs than nine or ten iflands were difco- 
 vered, and on the loth, a flill farther number. The 
 navigators now ftruggled at once with a variety of 
 inconveniences occauonedby foul fhips, damaged rig- 
 ging, crazy mails and tcmpeftuous weather. On the 
 25tn, high land was difcuvcred, which appeared to 
 
 * There \1K yc( on boanl a flic-eoat, which had been lirought 
 from FalkhntIN Idanclt ; (he yieUlcd milk daily i but this wai 
 inluflicicni to f«vc lier life, the llirving ere* ilcmimlcil tlic vic- 
 lim, *iul the butcl.cr \shc had hill\ertu been her tccOcr, wept as 
 
 terminate in I cape, which ihry doubled with a ilc- x-M 
 
 grt'c of Iranfpurt that may he inure catily iMiiedM-d ^^^"^^ 
 
 than detenbid, as it w.ii the point they h.iJ williid 
 
 lor a light ol, Ironi a cett.iiiity that if wouM en.ihlo 
 
 thrill t.i ijiiit the Archl|iil.i",fi el illiii.N, iimidlt 
 
 wliieh ih' y had bien loiii; in limiily ilaiijM.rs ct lliip- 
 
 witck or llauin;^. 'I his cape was calkil C'm/ii' /^^- •■"■ir« fVllvj. 
 
 Intiiinu, and the ii urn nfihe giilph of ilie I/oinfi.ide, \"".'\ 
 
 wi»(;iven tu the hay, nf whieh the c !(•. forms the ^^''^^'' ''''"■ 
 
 e.ilhiinoll noint. — North of C'.ipe Dellvi ranee, 
 
 about (ixty leaguev, land was dil'iovertd, whieli jiiuv- 
 
 td to Ik' two liiiall iflaii.K ; and two day-, aficrwardi 
 
 an oflicir «as lent to examine I'lveral crnks, in the 
 
 hop" ol liiiding amhorage, while the iliips faileil 
 
 llowlv alter the boats feady to join them on the tirll 
 
 ri-n.if. 
 
 The natives now advancid fo^anls the iliip in fe- 
 viial boats, carrying from two or thrct to iipwaida 
 of twenty men e.ich. Thi I'e boats had ii'iont-nggcr", 
 and till ir crews wen" as hlaek as the .i.iri-os on the 
 coall ofCiuinea, luine of them hid reildilh hair, and 
 that of .ill of them, were long and iiiil;d. They 
 wuie ^^!lite oriianRiits on llieir t'orcli:ai!> and neck, 
 anu wtie arnie* with lances and buw> ; they kept al- 
 mull a continual (houtine', and feemed r.ither inclined 
 for war than peace. When the boats returned on 
 board, the ofliccr reported, that the lea broke on all 
 parts i.f the coad, that he had found only one fmall 
 river, that the landw.is every way covered with wood, 
 and that the mountains ran down dole to the fea* 
 (hore. The natives dwell on the mountains, but they 
 havf .t few huts on the banks of Come of the fmall 
 creeks. Some of ihcin followed one of the Oiip'i 
 boati, and feeined alnioll refolvid on the attack ; ami 
 one of the Indians lepeatedly put himltif in an atti- 
 tude to have thrown his lance ; but he ilcfilKJ from 
 his puipoli; and no milichief was done. 
 
 M. Hoii!;ainvillc fays, that he was now .idvanced 
 too far to return ; hut that he hoped to find .i [MHagc, 
 thouj^h the wcither was fo foggy tint li • could iTot 
 difcern any objcit at the dillance of more than t«o 
 leagues. In the nioriiiiig of the ift of July, tlu' lliips 
 were juft on the ilation they hid quiiied the preced- 
 ing night, having been impelled fonvanl, and diivcn 
 b.icV, by the tides. Nothing remarkable happened 
 but the difcovcry of a race, in the middle of a pali'i'tic, 
 to which was given the name of D/nnis's Race, from P-nn^'s Rjcc 
 that of the ni.iftcr of the Boiideufe. 1 A race is a part 
 of any channel or ftreight where thercare oppofite tides, 
 or a rapid and dangerous current, and fuch arc even 
 fometimes met with in the open feas. Boats were 
 now fent to find anchorage in a fine bay ; and the ac- 
 count of their expedition is as follows : That a num- 
 ber of the Indian bo.its, in which were 150 of the na- 
 tives, armed with ihiclds, lances, and bows, came from 
 the banko of a rivulet on which their habitations were 
 fituated, and rowed hadily towards the French boats, 
 which they furroundcd, and, with hideous outcries, 
 began the attack with their bows and lances. The 
 I'Vench difcharged their mufqucts; but the n.-itivcs 
 covering thcnifelvc.t with their (hiclds, the fight con- 
 tinued till a fecond firing terrified them fo, that 
 they made a hafty retreat, funic of them fwimming tw 
 (hore. 
 
 'Fwo of their boats Were taken, on the ftcrn of 
 which was the figure of a man's head with a long 
 beard, the eyes being mother of pearl, the ears tor- 
 toife-(hell,andthclipsweredyedof a bright redibefides 
 their weapons and utenfils, there were found in their 
 boats cocoa-nuts, and fcveral fruits, the tpccies of 
 which were net known, the jaw of a man half broiled, 
 and various other things. Fhe natives of this coall 
 are negros, whofe hair curls naturally, and they have 
 a method of colouring it yellow, red, and white ; 
 their cloathing confilts only of a piece of matting 
 
 tound 
 
 it 
 
 he plunged the knife into the bread of hie favourite. Sona 
 after chit, • doe, which had been put on board at th« 
 Oteights of Magiiellan fell aUe *ricri6ce tg the <Jir« detnands 
 ol" liungcr. 
 
26o 
 
 T H t VOYAGE OF 
 
 1768 roiind tluir waifts. Tl'is river ree<;ivi.il the nanii: of 
 
 " j~^ Jt\tf:iar'i Rivo , and the whole fpot, that ot tht ijlt 
 
 W'A'x'ct:, Ki- ,,,;,/ /iuy ^y C/joi/riil. 'J"wo ilays attenvaids a cape was 
 I;-." |.dil'i:ovcrcJ which was calle(U;rt/i* A'y/wriV/, on which 
 
 Cluiiilul ^' * were mountains of an alloniihing height. On the 
 la t L' AviT- 4''> other mountains had been difcovcrcd, from which 
 ili. came off five or fix Indians, and after lyinj; ontlieir 
 
 oars fomc time, they accepted Ibme trifles which were 
 thrown to them. They now exhibited fonie cocoa- 
 nuts, lading, houca, bouca, cncili- ! and fecnied ijreatly 
 pleated wlien the French repeated the fame w ords. 
 I'hcy then intreated that they would fetch fomc cocoa- 
 nuts, but thev had fcarcely lel't the fliip's fide, wlien 
 one of them difclwrgcd an ariu-.v, by which, how- 
 ever, no pcrfon was wounded. The people were al- 
 toi»cihcr naked, had long ears bored, and curled (hort 
 liair, which Ibme of them had dyed red, and they had 
 alfo white fpots on their bodies. Their teeth were 
 red, probably from the chewing of betel. 
 Bcelci fljnd. This ifland, which was named Bt):dii, appeared to 
 be cultivated, and, from the numb / of hits that 
 were fecn, it probably abounds with inhabitants. The 
 Cocoa-nut, and other trees, difperfed over a beautiful 
 plain, was a fufKcient tempation for landing, but the 
 rapidity of the current prevented the pollibility of it. 
 Two more idands were feen on the 5th, and, as 
 Wood and water were expended, and difeafe reigning 
 aboard, the commodore refolvcd to land here, and on 
 the following afternoon, the fhipscame to an anchor. 
 The caflvS were feiit on Ihorc, and tents crefted for 
 the ficlc, on a commodious fpot, where there were 
 lour rivulets ne.'^: together, and where wood for the 
 carpenters life, as well for burning, was very plenty, 
 there were no inhabitants near the place, lb that the 
 flclc had an opportunity of ranging the woods, fcarlefs 
 of any attack of the natives, andevery thing feemcd 
 toconfpire to render this fpot the nioft elij^ible imagin- 
 able ; but there was one great inconvenience, no fruit 
 could be found. Two huts were difcovercd on the 
 bank of a rivulet not far from the encampment, and 
 a boat, near which was feen the remains of fires, 
 fomc calcined (hells, and the (keletons of fomc ani- 
 mals heads, which were taken for thofe of the wild 
 boar, fome frclh bananas were found, which proves 
 that the natives lately left the place. This ifland pro- 
 duces a largi" blue creiled |)igeon, which h.asfo plain- 
 tive a note, that the feamcn miflook it for the cries of 
 men in the neighbourhood of the mountains. 
 
 M. Bougainville now relates an extiaordinary in- 
 cident : A fcaman being looking over the (hells, found 
 a plate ot lead, buried in the fand, on which the fol- 
 lowing letters were very vifible ; 
 
 nOR'D HERE 
 
 ICiC MAJESTY'S 
 
 The m?rk o.'" the nails with which the lead had been 
 falfentd appeared ; .ind it is plain that the natives muft 
 have torn off the plate and broke it. This circuni- 
 ft-nce gave rile to a diligent fearch, and, at about fix 
 miles Ironi the watering-place, the fpot was found 
 where the ]:;ngli(h had formed their encampment. 
 Several trees were lien which had been felled, and 
 iithers whicli had been fawn in pl'...es. A very large 
 and eonCpieuous tree was found, on which the infcrip- 
 tion h:'d been nailed j it (tood in the inidft of a fpa- 
 rimi^ plnce, and it appeared that the plate had been 
 pulled ilou n but a very fhort time. ?'!ierc were other 
 trees to whirh tlie ends of ropes were faikncd. One 
 of the trecL. which h.id been eiit down, had put forth 
 frefh twigs, .Tpparnntly of the growth of four months. 
 AI. Hougtiinville mentifined it as a very fingular cir- 
 cumllance, that, nrnidlt fo many iflands, he (hould 
 
 * An irUi'^ uf a moil wun^lciful texture was founil on this 
 ifl;uiJ, tlig Li>uy aiij \\\v^^ of which appeared f:i much like the 
 leaf ot" it tree ns {riircclv 10 be dillinguiiheft from it, even on 
 « nice iiilp'-'Oion. W'licn the wingb are extcniicd, tacli forms 
 llic hall c'l .1 le.nf, and when tlii:/ arc inclefcd it is uttirc. Tk'' 
 
 happen to land on that fo lately vifticd bv a lival n»- 
 tioii. Jiiligcnl fearch was now made for t<iod and rc- 
 t're(hments, but almoft in vain ; for nuihiiig could Ik: 
 found but a few cabbage- trees, and thatch pLlins. Ki» 
 fiOi could be caught, and though a few wild b')..!i 
 were feen, not one of them was t.iken. A linall num- 
 ber of pigeons indeed were fliot, the IcAtliers of uliich 
 were of green and gold.* 
 
 N<i time was now lill in the ncccilary lepairs of 
 the (hips, and an equal divifion was made of the pro- 
 visions, which now began to run extremely (horr. 
 A third part of the late allowance of pcafe was taken 
 off. From the commodore, to the lowelt perlon on 
 board, all fared alike : their fituation, like death, 
 baiiifhed all dilfiniition. On the 13th, there was an 
 eclijjfe of the fun, which was clearly feen, and the 
 proper allronomical and nautical remarks made on it. 
 J'he name of Put Pnijlin was given to this harbour, Port I'radtn. 
 an infeription having been firft buried under the fp<»t 
 where the ecliple had been obferved. 
 
 The Etoile bring a light vellel, and there being no 
 ftones to ballalt her, after the provifions had been ta- 
 ken out, this important bufinefs was necellarily per- 
 formed with wood, a fatiguing and unwholelbinc 
 ta(!c in fo damp a country. 
 
 A lailnr who was hauling thefifliing-nct, in fearcli 
 of a fcarcc fifli called the Hammcr-oyiter, having 
 been bitten by a (hark whofe bite is poifonous, was 
 cured in a few hours by 1 profufe perfpiration, pro- 
 duced by taking flowcr-de-Iucc water and treacle. 
 
 Aotourou having remarked the piogrefs of the cure, 
 intimated that at Otah:ite there were fc«-fnakes, 
 whofe bite is mortal in every inftancc. On the 22d 
 repeated (hocks of an earth-quake were felt for about 
 two minutes. The fea rofe and fell fevcral times, (a 
 that the concuflions were felt on board the fliips. • 
 Notwithftanding the extreme bad weather which pre- 
 vailed, the crews divided into fcparate parties, went to 
 the woods every day, . hopes to (hoot fome turtle- 
 dove:, and gather cabbage-trees and thatch-palms : 
 but it gener.illy happened that they returned withaut 
 any fuccefs, and wet to the (kin. At length, how- 
 ever, they found fome mangle avplt,-, and a kind of 
 pruens, out too late to be of at.y fervice, as they were 
 now on the point of departure. A kind of ivy was 
 fuccelsfully applied in the cure of the fcurvy. 
 
 An immenfe cafcadc was feen, falling from nume- 
 rous rocks into a hundred bafons of water, and at 
 once (haded and adorned by (lately trees, fomc of which 
 grow even in the rcfcrvoirs. — The fituation of the 
 (hips companies now became fo dreadful, that no 
 timj could be lofJ. In the afternoon of the l^^b, 
 a favour.nUle breeze enabling the (hips to get to fea, 
 they failed accordingly, though the crew were dill in 
 a fad fituation. 
 
 M. Bougainville remarks that this country muft be 
 New Uiiluiii, and that the great buy muft be the fame 
 which Dampier calls St. Cicorge's Bay, but that he 
 had the happinefs to land on a part of it where his 
 wants could be fupplied by the inhabitants. A fuc- 
 ceflion of iflands having been feen in the offing, M, 
 Bougainville named them after the officers. The 
 lield-tents were now cut up, tomakc trowfers for the 
 fcamen, who had been repeatedly cloathed during the 
 voyage, to enable them to fuftain the inclemencies of 
 fo many difFeient climates. Hut the beft change of 
 cloathing was now delivered out ; and at this period 
 an ounce of bread was dcduiflcd from their fcanty 
 allowance. Their fait provifions were now lb bad, as 
 to be nau(eous in a high degree ; yet tlitir ftarving fitu- 
 ation impelled them to feed on them 1 but even at this 
 melancholy period, no one yielded himfelf a prey to 
 mclancholv ; and the failors, influenced by the ex- 
 ample of the otHcers, employed every evening in 
 
 dancing, 
 
 upper fide of>tl)c body is of a bright! r hue than the under fiarci, 
 aiid it has iix legs, the upper joims of which rcfemblc parts •£ 
 leaves, Thiscuriolity was prcfitved in (piriis, and is in tlieci- 
 binetuf the Trench king. 
 
M. B O U G A r N V I L L £. 
 
 j^j 
 
 dancing, clifptlling by thtir mirth, fomc of thcpnngi 
 •f liungtT. New Britain continued in figlit till tlic 
 beginning of Augulf, when the (hipstcing nearer to 
 land than they had bteii before, leviral Indiiins bonts 
 came off, the crews of whicli wercnegioj, with woolly 
 heads, which they had covered with powder. They 
 were tall and aflive, and wore no other cloiuha than 
 leaves round the middle. They held out Ibmcrhing 
 that had the appearance of bread, and invited the 
 French to land, but they refufed to enter the (hips, 
 though an aitempt was made to conciliate their fricnd- 
 ftiip, by prcfents of I'ome pieces of ftufF. They ac- 
 cepteil what was given, and threw a ftone from a flintj 
 in return ; in(hntl/ retreating, with loud vocifera- 
 tions. On the following day a large number alTcm- 
 bleJ along-fid" the Koudeufe ; a perfon, who had the 
 appearance of au'hoiity, carrying a red ftaff, knobbed 
 ate.tchcnd, in his hand. On approaching (he (hip, 
 he held his hand over his he.-.tl for a confiderable time. 
 The hair of tlicfe negroes .-. !■! painted red, fome of 
 them were adorned with fe^'-chers, ear-rings made of 
 the feed of fome herb, or circular plates defcending 
 from their necks ; others had the nofe pierced, and 
 rings ran through it, but the general ornament was a 
 bracelet, made of the half of a fhell. The French 
 were anxious to gain the efteem of thefe people, 
 but in vain; — they eagerly grafped at whatever was 
 given them, but would mnke no prefent in return. 
 The roots of a few yams were all that could be ob- 
 tained from them. Twoof their boats being obferved 
 approaching in the night, a rocket was fired, on which 
 they inftantly rowed ofF. 
 
 On the 3rft a number of Indian boats attacked the 
 Etoile with a volley of ftoncs and arrows, but by a 
 fingle difcharge of mufquetry, (he got rid of thele trou- 
 blcfome companions. 
 
 Two iflands were fecn on the 4th of Auguft, that 
 were fuppofed to be the fame as thofe called by Dam- 
 pier, Matthias and Stormy Iflands. A third illand was 
 fcen on the 5th, and afterwards they difcovcred the 
 northern point of New Britain. 
 
 They faw a flat ifland on the 7th of the fame month, 
 which abounded with cocoa-nut ti-'cs, and from the 
 houfes appearing on the (hore, feemcd to have been 
 well inhabited. To this they ga^-e the name of the 
 Ide of Audio- J[fl' of Anchartts. Many fifhing- boats were feen here j 
 rcii. but no notice was taken of the vcfl'el by the flthcr- 
 
 men. A great number of fmall iflands were difcovered 
 the next day, in the endeavour to clear which, the 
 commodore experienced many and great dangers. At 
 laft, however, he efle£led his purpofe, a breeze that 
 increafed with the rifing fun, greatly contributed to 
 liisdeliverancr. 
 
 Coafting along he afterwards came in fight jf two 
 lofty peaks, to which he gave the appellation of the 
 Two Cyclops. Twa Cyclops; and on the 15th faw two high moun- 
 tains upon the continent, near which were two fmall 
 iflands ; and two others were obfervod on the 23d, 
 when the French attempted to land j but two boats 
 crews fent for that purpofe reported that there were no 
 fruits fit for food growing upon them, and that they 
 were entirely uninhabited. 
 
 From the rippling of a flrong tide, it was this day 
 reported that there were breakers a-head ; and after- 
 wards the fhips actually pafTed over a flioal, but with- 
 out much dar.ger or damage. Forty of the company 
 were now afflK^cd with the fcurvy, of which M. 
 Denys, firft mafter of the Boudeufc died, greatly re- 
 gretted by his companions.* 
 
 Still furroundcd by iflands, t they now fteerei! a 
 foutherlycourfe, and on the following night faikd out 
 of this labyrinth, through a channel about three 
 leagues in width. There were a number of fmall 
 ifles feen on each fide of the channel, which they had 
 
 Vol. I. N" 23. 
 
 * The liberal ufc of wine And IcmonnJe, in fomc mcafurc 
 checked ilie progrci's of iliis cruel difnrilcr. 
 
 t None of thcin .ippearcl to be iiiU»biteil, th»ugh all «f tliem 
 were cUitlieJ wicb verdure. 
 
 denominated Frtnch Pufd^/. On tin- 26(li, they C.iW 
 a Imall ifland, ami afterwards a lUcp hill, which th( y "-■ 
 called in thtir langur;;c, llig Thomas, and thrto iflands ' ' 
 nrofc wcrcdilfoverud in tlie vicinity. '., 
 
 To the fi)Ki'i-wc(t <jf Icvnal other ifles that wer« 
 fecn the next day, M. J}<Hi!.',ainville c;ave orders to a 
 boat belonr;in«; to the Etoile, to (ieer 111 qucft of an- 
 cliora-^e, and for the fake of enquiring into the na* 
 ture of their produce. On two of thtH- the crew 
 landed, but had no reaibn to fuppofe that Wiey were 
 inhabited, and the French werejuft on the point of 
 returning when an Indian made up to the boat, to 
 whom they intimated that they wire in want of re- 
 frefhinent. This man profcnted thi-ni with a kind of 
 meal and fome water, in return for which he received 
 a handkerchief, a lookinj^-glafs, and fomc other tri- 
 fles, at which he fecmed to laugh, as Ihinkin;;' ihciu 
 below his notice, from whence it might reafonnbly lis 
 concluded that he had come from one of the neigh- 
 bouring Dutch fcttlcments.l However, a turtle of 
 20olb. weight was t.ikcn by the crew of the Houdculi. 
 
 The commodore difcovered the ifland ot Ccram, 
 on the laft day of the month. This place is partly 
 wild, and partly cleared. It is mountainous, and 
 runs in a parallel eaft and weft. A numbtr of tires 
 which the adventurers obferved upon it, intimated that 
 it was well peopled. Earlv in the niornin;.', on the 
 firft of September, the French found themfclves 
 at the entrance of a bay, on the banks of which they 
 beheld a number of fires. They foon obfcrvtil two 
 boats under fail, conftrufted on the plan of thofe of 
 the Malays. A Dutch pendant was now lioilted, and a 
 gun fir«l, but the commodore confefles his error in thii 
 procedure, as the people of Ceram are at variance with 
 the Dutch, whom they havcalmoft totally routed from 
 their ifland. M. Bougainville having bicn thus un- 
 fuccefsful through miftake, returned from the bay, 
 and employed the reft of tho day in plying be 
 tween the iflands Bonao, Kclan?, and Manepo.— — 
 Sometime before midnight, a number of fires attracted 
 their attention to the ifland of Bocro, where there is 
 a Dutch factory, well provided with the necetiary re- 
 frcfliments. 
 
 The above-mentimied Dutch faftory is at the en- 
 trance of thegulphof Cajell, which the French had 
 fight of at day-break. The joy on this occafion is not 
 to be exprefied, for at this time not half the feamen 
 were able to perform any duty : and the fcurvy had 
 raged fo violently, that no man on board was pcrfcrtly 
 clear of it. What few provifions were on board were 
 abfolutely rotten, and flunk intolerably. Thus cir- 
 cumftanced, their change of fituation mull have been 
 peculiarly happy. From midnight the fragrant breeze 
 had wafted the aromatic favour of the plants, which 
 abound in the Moluccas. " The afpedl, (fays our 
 author) of a pretty large town, fituated in the bottom 
 of a gulph, of fliips at anchor there, the cattle 
 grazing in the meadows, caufcd tranlports which I 
 have ftit, but which I cannot defcrib<-.*' Thecoin- 
 inodui-c hoifteil Dutch colours, and fired a "un ; but 
 though feveral boats were tailing in the bay, none of 
 them came along-fidc. In a few hours a pir.'.gua, 
 rowed by Indians, advanced towards the (hip, and the 
 commanding officer inquired in Dutch « ho they were, 
 but refufed to go on board. M.Bougainville, how- 
 ever, proceeded under all his fails, and in the after- 
 noon came to an anchor oppofite the f.ii;(ory. 
 
 The Dutch foldiers, one of whom fpoke French, 
 now came on board the Boudeulc, d.'manding the rca- 
 fon of the commodore's entering that port, when hi: 
 mufl: know that the (hips of the Dutch Kalt Indii 
 Company had an exclnfive right to thit privilege. 
 He was anfwered in br.,'", that neccflity was the mo- 
 tive; that hunger mull preclude the force of treaties, 
 V y y and 
 
 Llicli 1 a'-.- 
 
 I 
 
 'PI 
 
 ¥ 'I 
 
 i: I 
 
 X Mcanini;, upon the iflamls formeiK' fever, liut liy cartli- 
 luiikf., iliofc fcoui get of nature, teduci:!! now 10 five in nuintitr 
 :>ill-. 
 
262 
 
 THE VOYAGE OF 
 
 1-68 ami that tlify would lU-part as foon as their wants 
 t ' were fupplicd. The fuldicis foon returned with the 
 copy of an order from the governor of Amboyna, who 
 prcfidcs over the rcfident of Boero, forbiddinj; him to 
 admit foreign fliips into that port. The rcfident, 
 therefore, intreated M. Bougainville to declare in 
 writing the caufe of his putting in there, that he 
 might tranfmit fuch declaration to the governor of 
 Amboyna, in juftification of his own conduct. This 
 requelt being complied with, all difficulties were at 
 an end, the refiJent having performed his duty as a 
 I'ervant of the company, was anxious to difcharge the 
 fuperior duties of hun)anity. The commodore and 
 his oHiccrs vifitcd him on ihore, were received in the 
 moft friendly manner, and accepted his invitation to 
 i'uppcr. 
 
 'I'he refident :''v'. his company beheld with equal 
 plcafure and furprife the efteiils that hunger had on 
 the appetite; of the guefls, nor were they willing to 
 eat themfelves, leall they flioulJ (' ,; '■" their 
 X ifitants of their full fliare of the repaii M. 
 Bi)ug;}invillc profeflcs that he was fiipremely happy, 
 hecaufe he had previoudy fent on board what would 
 bean equal feaft to both the fliips companies. A con- 
 traiSt was now made, that while the ihlps ihouUl re- 
 main in that harbour, vcnifon Ihould be daily fupplicd 
 to the crews, that eighteen oxen, a number of fliecp 
 and poultry, and a quantity of rice (to fupply the 
 place of brc.-id) fliould be put on hoard. The refident 
 was lilcewife kind enough to furnifli the fick with 
 a quantity of pulfe from the company's garden, but 
 much could not be obtained, as it is not generally 
 cultivated on the ifland. The Ack were now brought 
 on fli'ire, and the majority of the feamen were like- 
 wife iiidulL;ed in walking about for their health and 
 picdfure. The commodore hired the (laves belonging 
 to the company to fill the water-calks, and to carry 
 the fevcral necclFaries on board. M. Bougainville 
 and his officers were gratified with the pleafure of 
 flag-hunting, and he mentions the deer of this coun- 
 try as mod exquifite food. The Dutch originally 
 tranfported them hither. This ifland is ilefciibed as 
 a delightful compofition of woods, hills, plains, and 
 well cultivated vallics. The town of C.ijcli, aiul 
 about 14 Indian dwellings, formed the Dutch fettle- 
 ment. A ftone fort which the Dutch had originally 
 creiled, was accidently blown up in the year 1689; 
 fmcc which time it has h.nd no inclofure but that of 
 pallifadocs, with a battery of fix fmall cannons. 
 About fifty white people ar^ all that rcfide on the 
 ifland, of whom a lerjeant and twenty-five men, com- 
 manded by tiic refijcnt, form a part. The negros 
 who refide in the interior parts of the country (ub- 
 fiU by the cultivation of rice. 
 
 The Moors and the Alfourians arc the genuine 
 natives of this country, the former are protected by 
 the Dutch failory, who endeavour to infpire iheni 
 with the dread of all foreigners. Thefe people arc 
 principally kept in awe by the influence of their own 
 chiefs, for whom the Dutch refident profeflcd a fincere 
 regard.* The natives of Boero arc not treated as 
 flavcs of the Dutch, their flavcs being procured from 
 the iflands of Ccram or Celebes. Unlimited freedom 
 and independance appear to reign among the Alfou- 
 rians, who, refidingori the mountains in the interior 
 parts of the ifland, fubfilt on the produce of their 
 huntine, with fruits and f.igo. It is prel'umcd they 
 are not Mahometans, hecaufe they eat fwinc's flefti. 
 The principal people ainong tin; .Alfourians pay oc- 
 cafional vifits to the Dutch rcfiilent. 
 
 Ihe chief proJuets of this ifland arc various kinds 
 of v.ood, particularly bl.ick and white ebony; and 
 thcic is a line plantation of pc])p;r. 'I'hc fruits arc 
 pinc-spplcs, citron', lemons, bitter oranges, (had- 
 docks, b.inana^, and cocoa-nuts. Very good barley 
 is likewii'c a produce of this country. Parrots, and 
 
 ' Dutch )v)1ic\, in (Im^, as in all tlicir other fettUnient, is 
 lUc fjinc, !;>' lomcnting a jvaloufy aiiici.g the chiefs of their re- 
 
 a varietv of other birds, many of thfni < xttcintl;' 
 beautiful, abound in the woods. I'lieie is likewiiu 
 the wild cit, w hole bag under the belly ferves for the 
 conveyance of its young. The bats and ferpents ate of 
 an enormous (iic, the latter of which are faiil 10 have a 
 fwallow capacious ctiough for the reception of a whole 
 (hecp. 'Inhere is a fnake too, which polling itf;;lf to 
 the trees, darts into the eye of the paflcnger who 
 happens to look up, and the bite of this aniin.il i» 
 certain death. Crocodiles of an aftonifliing fize re- 
 fide on the banks of the rivers, devouring fuch beafts a» 
 fall in their way ; and men are only prote<5ttd from their 
 fury by carrying torches. M. Bougainville airerts,that 
 thefe crocodiles, which roam for prey in the night, 
 have been even known to teizc people in their bouts. 
 
 The name of the refident at Boero is Ouinnn, he 
 is by birth a Batavi.in, and is married to a native of 
 Amboyna. He lives in great elegance and (pleudour, 
 attended by no lefs than 100 flaves. M. Bougainvillo 
 fpcaks of his politcncfs and hofpit.ility in very high 
 terms. After having twice regaled the French ofliceti 
 in the ceremonious way, he bid adieu to all fct fonn>, 
 but his houfe was rn.iifantlya* op'ii tothcmasif itIiaJ 
 been their own ; they always found good viands atul 
 liquors, and our author thinks this was no iiiconfi- 
 derable degree of civility to penfons, lo lately on 
 the point of (tarving. The lefident's houfe is con- 
 ftrutitcd in the Chinefe tade, in the middle of a gar- 
 den, which is interfcdlcd by a river ; the houfe itfcif is 
 elegantly furnilhed. Its approach is through an ave- 
 nue of trees, which are planted down to the fea-fide. 
 The wife and daughter were habited in the Chinefe 
 manner, and were no way deficient in the ed'ential 
 rcquclls of good breeding. Their chief employ con- 
 fills in making nofegnys, and lllccling flowers pro- 
 per for diftillation. The aflonifhmcnt of Aotourou, 
 at the firO fight of an Euiopcan fcttlcment, may 
 be morecafily conceived than deicribed. He regarded 
 every objetft with an intenfencfs of curiofity fcarccly 
 to be fatisfie<l, but he was particularly charmed with 
 the hofpitality of the Dutch. He fuppofed every 
 thing freely given, as he did not fee any thing re- 
 turned by way of barter. M. Bougainville fays, that 
 he behaved feiifibly withrefpeil to the Dutch, to whom 
 he intimated the conl'equence he w.is of in his own 
 country, and that his prefent voyage was merely 
 plcafurablc, with friends whom he eftcemcd. His 
 ctuiflant praiilice was to imitate the manners of the 
 French, both in their vifits, antl in their rural amule- 
 mcnts. 1'he knees of this Indian being diftorted, he 
 attributed to that circuiiillance, his not being taken 
 with the commodore on his vifit to the refident, and 
 aiilually defired fomeof the feamen to prcfs their weight 
 on his kncts to make them (trait. He would 
 frequently enquire whether I'aris was as grand a 
 place as Boero. Though the French were only fix 
 days on (hore, the healthful air of the place, had (o 
 far contributed to the recovery of the fick, that by the 
 help of the rcfreflimeuts now ready to be put on 
 board, it wis very poflible to perfect the cure at fea. 
 The fick people were conveyed to the fliips in the 
 morning of the 7th, and before evening every one 
 was on board, in expectation of the land-brec/,c, by 
 which after much di(ficultv in weighing the anchor, 
 they were enabled to fail about an hour before mid- 
 night, and get clear of the gulph of Cajeli before 
 morning. 
 
 Having coafted the ifland of Boero, the ifles of 
 Manipa and Kilang wcie fccii on the morning of the 
 8th, and on the 9th they had fight of the ifl.ind of 
 Xullabcflic, where the Dutch have a fadtory, named 
 Cleverblad, that is, clover leaf. There is a garrifon 
 confiftiiig of twenty-five men, under the <lifciplinc of 
 a ferjeant, and commanded by a perfoii who holds no 
 higher rank than book-keeper to the Dutch £a(l In- 
 dia Comp.-iny. On the loth the commodore buried 
 
 his- 
 
 fpeflivc ilcpcndinis I — a phit it no fooncr formed by one chief, 
 than it ii revealed by another, 
 
M. BOUGAINVILLE. 
 
 his taylor, who fell a facrifice to the fcurvy, encrcafal 
 when on the point of cuic, by an excelTivi: drinlciiii; 
 of brandy. On the morning of tlic nth they had 
 fight of the i.land of Wawoni, and in a few hours 
 faw that of Buton, the ftrcights of which they en- 
 tered on th.- following day, and obferved a veflil of 
 a fquare form, ranging the (horc, and towing a pira- 
 gua. The French ftiips were no fooner obferved by 
 this veflel than flic furled her fail, and concealed licr- 
 fclf behind a fmall illand. A French fcaman, whom 
 M. Bougainville had engaged at Bocro, faid that the 
 veflel in queftion was manned by a fct of Indian pi- 
 rates, who made a pradicc of taking prifoncrs in 
 order to fell them. In the afternoon the fliip failed 
 bv a beautiful port on the coaft of Ceh-bts, the 
 view of which was moft delightfully vari.igatcd by 
 mountains, hills and valleys, and clothed with an 
 exuberance of verdure. In a few hours afterwards 
 the ifland of Pangafani was in fight, to the northward 
 of which appeared the highcft mountains of Celebes. 
 Pangafani is a flat ifland abounding in trees, and our 
 author conjectures, that it produces fpices ; it is 
 however certain, lliat it is well inhabited, from the 
 number of fires that were fecn on it djring the night. 
 On the morning of the 13th the fliips wire furround- 
 cd with Indian boats, bringing paroquets, cockatoes, 
 fowls, eggs, and bananas, which the natives fold for 
 Dutch money, or exchanged for knives. Thcfe peo- 
 ple were i' , itants of a confidcrable diftridt on the 
 mountains Jt Buton, oppofitc the phce where the 
 fhips lay at anchor. On this fpot the hmd is cleared 
 and cultivated, the property of different perfons 
 being divided by ditches. Some of the fields are in- 
 clofed by hedges, and there are houfes in thefe fields, 
 befides whicli there arc fcveral villages. 
 
 The produce of this country confitts in potatoes, 
 yams, rice, maize, &c. and the bananas are deemed 
 as good as in any part of the world. Pine-apples, 
 cocoa-nuts, and citrons, are very plentiful. The 
 natives, arc of a brown complexion, ordinary features, 
 and low of ftature. They profefs tlic Mahometan 
 faith, and fpcnk the language common in the Mo- 
 lucca irtes. They are very honelt, though expert 
 traders. They offered M. IknigainviUc foinc pieces 
 of coarfe cloth ; but he does not fay whether he dealt 
 with them or not, he alkcd them for fomc nutmegs, 
 wliich they faid they procured from the Ifland of 
 Ceram, and the neit^hbourhood of Banda 1 and his 
 remark is, that the Dutch cannot fupply tliem from 
 thofe places. The coal! of Pangafani isdefcribed as 
 rifing in rhe form of an amphitheatre, from the level 
 ')f tlie coaft which he imagines is frequently over- 
 flowed, becaufc the dwellings of the nati vvs were oh 
 feived to be fituated on the flope of the hills. The 
 people of Buton confider rhe inhabitants of Pangafani 
 as pirates, and each paity is provided again!! the at- 
 tacks of the other by a d.agger, which is always worn, 
 {luck in the girdle. 
 
 The ftiips failed on the morning of the 14th, but 
 coming to anchor in a few hours afterwards a num- 
 ber of piraguas furroundcd the Boudeufe, one of 
 which hoilling Dutch colours, the reft retreated, that 
 flic might come along-fide. It appeared t^iat this boat 
 belonged to one of the chiefs of the country, to whom 
 alone the Dutch permit the diftimflion of carrying 
 their colours. M. Bougainville failed again on the 
 15th, and in the .afternoon of that day difpatched his 
 barge after a boat which w ns fecn in a large bay, with 
 a view to procuic a pilot, and the boat rculily came, 
 having an Indian on board, who, for thirteen ftiillings 
 readily engaged in the pilotage, but his intended fcr- 
 vicrs were rendered iinneLeft'ary, by the fun happening 
 to fliine with gre.it hillrcon a fpot which dircftcd 
 their paifiiig out of the channel. As oppofing winds 
 and tides now obliged the ftiips to come to an anchor, 
 the piragu.as come off in great numbers, bringing 
 pieces of cotton, articles of curiofity, and variety of 
 refrelhments. At the approach of evening, the fliips 
 got clear of the narrow paf^, and anchored in Bu- 
 ton Bay. 
 
 
 The coaft of Buton abouiiiU in inclofiircs proper 
 
 for the Ciilehing fifti, while the rilings are befjjiejd * . ' 
 
 with habitations. The opiiufite fliore is perpendicu- 
 lar; ami after pafllng the galley both fults are ftecp, 
 hanging in fomc place.i over the channel. The coaft 
 of Pangafani has two or three fmall houfes on it, 
 though it is little ell'e than a folid rock, yet well 
 cloathtd with trees. The Indian pilot above-men- 
 tioned gave the beft inftruetions in his power, rcfpcdt- 
 ing the mode of pafling the gut ; but he ;ippcared to- 
 tally unfkiUed in the Kuropcan art of navigation. 
 Another Indian, fuppofed to be the pilot's f.ithcr, 
 went on board the Boudeufo in the morning, and re- 
 mained till theevening. Thty both drnnk plcntifuilv 
 of brandy, but would eat only bananas, and chcv\- be- 
 tel, abfolutcly refufing to tafie of the fhip's pro- 
 vifions. On the morning of the 17th, while tlie lhip> 
 were under fail, the Indians came oft' in great num- 
 bers, bringing fruit, poultry, and eggs, which they 
 fold at fuch moderate rates, that even the common 
 feamen could poffefs thcmfebcs of thofc refiefliments, 
 in very great abundance. 
 
 This morning five of the Oiencmn, or chlet's of 
 Buton, came oft' in a boat of the European form, with 
 Dutch colours hoifted at its poop. Thefe people were 
 drefl'ed in jackets and long breeches, with turbans, 
 and each of them had a filver headed cane, with the 
 company's mark on it. They gave M. Bougainville 
 a roe-burk, and received in return, each a quantity 
 offilkftuft's. They paid many compliments to the 
 French nation, fo freely drinking the health of his 
 moft chriftian majefty, and the king of Buton, 
 that they were at length, obliged to be helped 
 down the fliip's fide into their boats. The commo- 
 dore inquired of the Orcncaies, whether any fpices 
 grew on the ifland of Buton, to wliich they replied 
 in the negative, and werceafily credited, on account 
 of the weaknefs of tlie Dutch fettlemcnt, which is 
 nothing more than a few huts, built of the bamboo 
 cane, and inclofed with pallifadoes. The guard, on 
 the part of the company, confifts only of a ferjcant 
 and three men. The coaft oppofite Buton is incloled, 
 cultiv.ated, and well peopled, nor is the ifland itfelf 
 Icfs populous, or lefs fruitful. 
 
 In tlie morning the Indian pilot vifited the com- 
 modore and informed him, that the fouth-caft wind 
 would blow frcftieft exaflly at noon. This proved 
 to be ftridly true, anil was a circumftance fo well 
 known tothc natives, that all the boats which had fur- 
 roundcd the fliip retired before the I'un had gained 
 the meridian.— M. Bougainville, taking advan- 
 tage of the pilot's advice, got out to fea with a fair 
 wind, fteering for the Ifland of Saleyor, which he 
 difcovercd on the i8th. On this ifland the Dutch 
 have a fmall fcttlement, the principal refident at 
 which is the book-keeper. This day at noon there 
 iflands were difcovcred, which were called A'a;//j ^'""1' "lint?, 
 Ijland, South IJlancl, a^d IJlc cf PaJJai,, ; which lift was ^''"'''''''r"':'' 
 io denominated from the fliips pafling near it, f jr the l''illJii=' 
 advantage of a fafe navigation. By day-light on the 
 19th they were within about a league of the coaft of 
 Celebes, which is dcfcribed as one of the fineft coun- 
 tries in thefe parts. Immcnfe herds of cattle 
 
 graze on the plains, which .ire adorned with groves, 
 whilethccoaft is onecontiniiedplant.-tion of the cocoa- 
 nut-tree. The plains are in moft places cultivated 
 and covered with houfes, while the mountains be- 
 hind them add dignity and ornament to the landfcapc. 
 This day M. Bougainville chaced a Malayan boat, 
 in hope of obtaining a pilot, acquainted with the 
 coaft, but flic fled at his approach, nor even brouaht 
 to, after he had fired feveral guns at her. He con- 
 jedtures that the Boudeufe was niiftaken for a Dutch 
 ftiip, and obfervcs that the generality of people on 
 the coaft arc pirates, who arc always made flavcs 
 when they arc taken by the Dutch. The fliips hav- 
 ing, durii.g the evening, ftecred between an ifland 
 named Tanakcka, and three fmall ifles, orders were 
 given at midnight, to carry .all the fail poflibic, ;a 
 order to come within fight of the ifles fcf Alambar. 
 7 At 
 
 111 
 
m 
 
 THE VOYAGE O 
 
 1768 
 
 At mlilniglit, between the 21ft and 2n!, a boat 
 was olil'trvcd ailv;mcing towards the fhips ; but tho' 
 guns «erc fired, fhe bore ofF in the apprehenfioii, as 
 lonjciilurcd, that they were Dutch veiUls. 
 
 Ill the afternoon ot the 22d, the north-caftof Ma- 
 ilura w;is I'cen from the malt-licad, and a number of 
 fifhing boats were obferved, fotre at anchor, and fomc 
 tinployedin their bufincf!!. On the followini; morn- 
 ing four fljips were 'l-en, two of which hoiftcd Dutch 
 colours, and one or them was fpokcn witli by the 
 Boudeuff, which proved to be a fnow from Mal.icca, 
 bound fur Japara. M, Uou^ainvillc now coaitcd the 
 land of Java, the ftiorc of which is level, but the 
 interior country abounds in lofty mountains. At 
 fun-rife on the 26th, the coait of Java appeared. In 
 the afternoon the commodore fpoke with a Dutch- 
 m.in who commanded a boat bound for the illes of Am- 
 boyna and J'ernatc, who hid that, according to his 
 reckoning, he was then twenty-fix leagues from Ba- 
 
 tavia. Having come to an anchor for the night, 
 
 the ftiip failed early in the momiilg of the 27th, 
 and on the following night, came to an anchor, 
 in the fear of having even part the port of Batavia ; 
 but having fight of the cniich of that town in the 
 morning, they proceeded, and foon anchored in t!ic 
 road, happy, after fo many toils, difficulties and 
 dan;;ers, to have reached a fpot which they conceived 
 Would foon put a period to all their mis/ortunes, by 
 infiiring them a fafc arrival in Europe. 
 
 M. Bougainville refolved to make his ftay at Bata- 
 via as fhort as poffiblc, but the want of bifcuit, a fuffi- 
 cient quantity of whii.li was not baked, compelled 
 him to ftay longer than lie had intended. A Dutch of- 
 ficer came on board, with a written paper, of which the 
 Frenchman undcrftood not a word, but the cockfwain 
 having enquired who their vifitants were, demanded 
 a certificate written and figned by the commanding of- 
 ficer. M. Bougainville, who had fent an officer on 
 fliore to wait on the governor, declined to give any 
 anfwcr till his return. This oflficcr came back late in 
 the evening, with an account that his excellency was 
 athis country-houfe, but that he had been with the 
 iliehandcr, who promtfed to introduce the commodore 
 
 to tlie Dutch ge...ral, on the following day. The 
 
 heat of this climate requires that vifits fhould be made 
 c^rly in the morning; iVI. Bougainville therefnic fet 
 out foon after day-break, and, after waiting on the 
 Ihebandcr was by him conduftcd to the governor- 
 general, who was then at one of his country' refi- 
 dcnccs, about nine miles from the town. The be- 
 haviour of this chief of an important diftrift, was 
 equally finccreand obliging, he approved of the con- 
 duit if the refident at Boero, in his treatment of the 
 French, during the hour of their diftrefs. He gave 
 nermilfion for the fick to be lodged in the hofpital, and 
 ill'ucd the proper orders for their being received. The 
 furnifliing of the ncccflary fupplits was left to the 
 Ihcbandcr,and when all matters of bufincfs were ended, 
 the governor afkcd the commodore if he would fa- 
 lute the citadel. To this an affirmative anfwcr 
 was given, on condition that the falutc fhould be 
 properly returned. Thcfc preliminaries being ad- 
 jufted, M. Bougainville went on board hi-- ftiip, fa- 
 inted with fifteen guns, and was complimtnted with 
 the fame number. 
 
 The fick people were now fent to the hofpital, 28 
 in number, mofl of whom were nmv troubled with the 
 bloody-flux, and the reft with the fcuivy. The of- 
 ficers having taken lodgings in the town, fixed a day 
 for paying »vifi'; of ceremony to the governor, at his 
 coiintry-fcat, called J.aeatra ; after which thfy vifitcd 
 in form, an officer called icI-onl-by-Nac/it, or rear ad- 
 miral ; who is a member of the regency, and has a 
 vote in every matter rcfpecling maritime atftiirs. 
 This in-ntlcmaii lives with a degree of fplcndour thi't 
 vroulil not dilgrace a prince. M. Bougainville men- 
 tions 1 he theatre of Batavia as an elegant Iriilding; 
 but of llie pt-rformanccs he was not qualified to judge, 
 tV'iin a total ignor-ince of the language. His cui iofity 
 iinpclle<l him to take a view of the Cbineli; conif- 
 (0 
 
 dies, but of thefc aifo he could form no jiidgiTicnt but 
 from fight. Exclufive of the exhibitions on the regu- 
 lar theatres, he lays that a kind of pantomime is diiily 
 performed on fcaffolils, c-^iflcd in the Chincll- (Quarter 
 of the city. It is a fing ... ■ of the Chincfe comedy, 
 that the charaftcrs of 1 'n ..re rcprcfented by women ; 
 nor is it unfrequcnt i./ fee the aiftors entertain the 
 fpet^ators with a bo.xing-match. Our ingniious 
 voy.nger rcprefcnts ihc neighbourhood of B.itavia a« 
 elegant beyond defcription. I'hc neatncfs is all Dutch ; 
 the magnificence, he fays, is Parifian. A clergy- 
 man of Hatavia, Mr. Mohr, diftinguifhcd for his tm- 
 inr''li:- riches, and his cxtcnfivc knowledge, liastrtiicd 
 in the garden of one of bis country- houfes, one of 
 the moil fuperb obfervatorics in tlic world, and lias 
 furnllhcd it with a great variety of inlvrumcnts i>( the 
 conllruiflion of European artiffs j our author nbfervcs 
 " That he is doubtlcfs the richcft of all the childivn of 
 Urania." — The water of Batavia is of fi.-b:d a qu.ility 
 that the people of fortune import Seltzef vvater from 
 Holland, for their common drinkin-j at a mo|{ en- 
 ormous expencc. The houfcs of this city are I'uilt 
 only one ftory high, on account of the freqiicnf 
 earthquakes, which would be of jurniciou^ lonfc- 
 qiiencc to buildings ot a loftv ccr.nriiiHion. The 
 riches of the Batavians art innrkcd bv tlie magnifi- 
 cent taftc ill which their houfcs are furniflicd j vet is 
 the city faid to be much inferior to nhat it was fontc 
 years ago; aiii it is certain the rent cf hoafes is not 
 half as much as it was , yet will this pl:!ce always be 
 rich, through the refined policy of the Dutch, tvliich 
 makes it difficult for any man, after lie his amallcd a 
 fortune to tranl'mit it to Kufope; for any money in- 
 tended to be fent to Holland, mutt pats through the 
 hands of the Company, who chsrge eight per ant. 
 for the care of fending it to Europe ; exclufive of 
 which the current money of Batavia would fultain a 
 lofs of no lefs than twenty-eight per cent, evert if it 
 could be fmiigglcd out ot the country. The dif- 
 tiniSion of rank he f.iys, is obferved in the Itriiikft 
 degree at Batavia, ami the Ktiqiuiu is never dif- 
 pcnfcd with. Thj gradation of rank is as follows, 
 viz. The high regency, the court of jiiftice, the cc- 
 clefiaftics, the company's fervants, the fea-offlcci:, 
 and thole of the military. There Is no appeal from 
 the court of juflicc. 'I his court, abuiir twenty years 
 fince, fentcnced to death the governor of Ceylon, 
 who h.id been conviflcd of moft infamous opprciTu ti 
 in his government ; and he was executed oppofite the 
 cit.adcl at Batavia. If any of the refpciJtive foven i^iis 
 of the ifland of Java offend againll the cli.iblilncd 
 Dutch policy, they arc put to death in t!:c moil in- 
 human manner. On thefc mel.incholy occafion.s, the 
 unhappy fufltrcrs are drefl'ed in white draw-r^, r.i d 
 arc never beheaded, from a com iiflion prevalent among 
 them that apijearing in any other drefs, or vifitin;; liie 
 other Aorld without their heads, would be prodiitliic 
 of the moft f.ital confeqiienccs ; nor do the Dutch 
 dare fo controul thefe opinions, as the immt-diatc con- 
 feqiiencc of fuch ;. proccdme on rlicir part, would l;c 
 a revolt of the Javancfe. — The Dutih company h:uc 
 an exclufive right to a large part of the ifland of Java. 
 The iHand of Madura formerly belonged to tlieui, 
 but the chief of it re volted from tlicir authority, and 
 the fon of this revolting kinj, is at prcfcnt tht 'go- 
 vernor of that verv illind of which his fnther naj 
 been Ibvereign. 'I'lie Dutch, equally decj) in every 
 ifroke of th. ir politics, lia^e feizrd the proiinceof 
 Balimbunui, in conlequcnce of thefincreijn of th.it 
 diffrift havin;; revolted frc m iheir authority. It is 
 all'ertcd, th.it the Englilh cieiitcd liiina fort, and 
 I'upplied him with arms and ammunition to combat 
 that flnvtry, which he thought the more an ini.'igriity 
 becaufe it was inipofed on himbya mcreh.iitile nation. 
 After a war of two years, and after repeated battles, 
 in the lad of which the Javar. 1^ prince and liis fa- 
 inilv were made piifoncrs. Tli" Dutch bicir e final 
 conquerors, and tho routed fovereign being lod;.;cd in 
 the citadel at Batavia, foon fill a faciificeto the grief 
 
 t'ut pn- 
 
 C/ii hii triii'l.— ^Vh'•fl M. 
 
 Bo.i/ain\ illc 
 •luived 
 
M. BOUGAINVILLE. 
 
 arrived at Batavia, it was in agitation to fend tlic 
 ton and the other branches of this unhajipy family to 
 the Cape of Good Hope, in order that thty might 
 fpcnd the remains of a wretched cxirtciicc on the Iflaiid 
 of Roben. The fcvcrai chiefs of the diftcitiit dif- 
 trifts of the Ifland of Java, are fiirrounded with 
 Dutch guards, fo that they are kings only in name. 
 From thefe, however, the Dutch receive arracic, rice, 
 fugar, coffee and tin, in return for which they fup- 
 ply opium, the falc of which is very profitable, from 
 the great quantities conAimed by the Javancfe. 
 
 Before the crews of the Boudtulc ajid Etoilc had 
 been ten days at Uatavia,the difeafes common to that 
 climate began to attack them with all their fury. 
 From a vigorous ftate of health the people were, in a 
 few days, reduced to the brink of the grave, nor coul J 
 the commodore's utnioft diligence enable him to trunf- 
 aift his affairs with a proper degree of difpatch, as the 
 illnefs of the Shebander himfelf prevented the accele- 
 ration of his bufincfs. 
 
 Every officer on board the Boudeufe began to expe- 
 rience the fatal cfteils of the climate ; and, at length 
 Aotourou felt the dreadful influence of this peftiferuus 
 dime, and it is fuppofed, that nothing hut the rea- 
 dincfs with which he took the prcfcriptions oflertd 
 him, could have faved him from the mod fatal on- 
 fequcnccs of the contagion. For a long time after 
 he left Patavia, he diffinguifhed it by the name of 
 Jinaua Mate, " the land which kills." 
 
 The (hips failed on the i6th of Oclober, 1768, 
 and cleared the ftrciglits of Sunda on the i()th in 
 tlie afternoon. By this time the crew were all pcr- 
 feiiHy cured of the feurvy ; but a lew of them remain- 
 ed ill of the bloody-flux. On the 20th, the fhips 
 were in fight of the lllr nt h'ranco, and on the 8th 
 of November, the Boudeiile anclioreJ in the port of 
 that ifland, the Etoile, which had been un.-ivoidably 
 left behind, anchoring in tlie fame port on the fullow- 
 ing day. At this place tlie (hips were repaired, and 
 the commodore left behind him on the ifland feveral 
 perfons, who defircd to add to the numbers already in 
 ' lat colony. — And here he cxpvcfles his happi- 
 iiefs that he was enabled, after fo tedious a voyage, 
 to enrich this colony with inhabitants and nccefl'aries, 
 but he laments in the moft pathetic terms the death 
 of the Chevalier de Bouchage, an cnfign on board 
 the king's fliip, whofe abilities as an officer could be 
 furpafled only by his virtues and acconiplillinients as 
 a man. 
 
 M. Bougainville fpcaks in high terms of the 
 forges for making ir»n, which are elhdililhcd on this 
 ifland, and he even prefers ihcm to tholir of Europe, 
 M. Bougainville failed from this place the 12th of 
 Deceiiiher, 1768, leaving the Etoile behind him, to 
 undergo fomc neceli'ary repairs, and this Ihip diil not 
 arrive in France till a month nftcr the Boudeufe. 
 AVithout encountering any fingular accident, the .id- 
 vmturers had fight of the Cape of Good Hope on 
 the 1 8th of January, and came to an anchor in Table 
 Bay, on the following morning. M, Bougainville 
 omits a defeription of the cape, which has beeu 
 fi) often and fo accurately defcribed . y our circum- 
 naviga.'ors, and other voyages ; one circumftancc, 
 however, he fails not to mention, tlipt they killed a 
 quadruped, named the Giraffe, which was feventecn 
 feet in height, and th.it they took the young one alive, 
 which meaiiired f-ven feet. " None of thtfe (fays 
 our author) had been icon after that which was 
 broU|;ht to Rome in the time of Crtlar, and (hewn in 
 the amphitheatre." M. Bougainville failed from the 
 cape on the 1 7th, and came to anchor oft' the ifland of 
 St. Helena, on the 4th of February, where he remain- 
 ed till the 6th, and thiii - t under fail in purfuance 
 of his voyai,!' to Frame, Vn the 25tli of this month 
 the comiiiddorc fell in w ''1 the Sv> allow, commanded 
 by Captain Carteret, .a ! .is been already related. 
 
 Nothing material h'.ppened fr.im this time till they 
 had (i^ht of the ifle of U(hant, when a violent fquall 
 of wind had nearly bl.iffed all the hopc^ of to (ine a 
 voyage. Thecommodorijburc a*ay for St. Malocs, 
 
 Vol. L N' 23. 
 
 vts 
 
 which port he entered after an ahfencc of two ycar^ i, ''1 
 and four numtlis from Ins nalive country i duiiiig ;^ll *— , — * 
 which time he had huriul only ftviii of hi:, cuw, 
 a eircunillance that will he deemed (|iiite alloniihin;?, 
 when we refleil on the v.iriely of dan;^ers lliey had 
 encountered. 
 
 We have mentioned that M. Iioiigainville brought 
 Aotouiou to Paris, where he took great [niins to have 
 him inltrui^ted, yet when he had been ainioll two 
 years among Frenehnien, he could fpeak but a viry 
 lew words of their language, partly owiii"' to a natu- 
 ral defedt in his pronuneiation already iiUimaUd, and 
 partly to his being arrived at thiily years of age with 
 out his memory being exircifed hy luidy. ^^. Kcui- 
 gainville fays he muff have created a world of ideas in 
 a mind as indolent as his body, before he could havu 
 ad.ipled them to French words proper to exprefs them. 
 'Fhough Aotourou was thus tiefieient in the languaga 
 of France, yet the llreets of Paris were quite familiar 
 to him. He frequently bought things and was leldoni 
 defrauded in the purclial'e. None of the publick ui- 
 vcrfions had any charms for hiin but the opera, to 
 which he went regularly 1 for he knew the nights on 
 which it was to be performed, and paid the fame for 
 admittance as other people : liis great fondnel's for 
 dancing was what rendered the Ojiera fo agreeable to 
 him. He was exceedingly grateful to thofe who con- 
 ferred any obligations on him, nor did he ever forget 
 their perfons or their favours. The Duchcfsof Choi- 
 feul was the firtt in the lift of his friend', and he 
 exprefl'ed more gratitude for the polite attention with 
 which flie treated him than even for the numerous 
 prefents which he Rceived at her hands : and as often 
 as he heard of that ladv's being arrived from her 
 country-ILat, he would immediately go and vifithcr. 
 After u refnlencc of eleven months at Pari?, Aotou- 
 rou was put on b ■ ""d the Brifon, at Rochelle, which 
 (hip was deffincd (o convey him thence to his own 
 country. M. Bougainville gave .about 15C0I. fterling, 
 towards the fitting out the Brifon for this voyage; 
 and the Duchcfs of Choifeul ordered a confiderable 
 Aim to be expended in cattle, feeds, implements of 
 hulbaiulry, he. which were (hipped fur the ufe <f 
 the natives of Otahtite.* 
 
 While .\otourou was at Paris, in 1769, a coni"t 
 appeared, which furniflied M. Bougainville with ail 
 opportunity m knowing that tliis kind of (tars had 
 been frequently obferved at Otaheite ; but that the 
 natives do lu^t fuppol'e that they are in any refpeit 
 
 portentous of evil confequeiu\ i ; but what wc 
 
 call (hooting-llars, aie by thtfe people deemed evil- 
 genii. 
 
 M. Bougainville has made manv philefophlcal re- 
 flexions on the charadler of this Indian ; and many 
 others are interfperfed in i' e courfe of his voyage, 
 the principal of which We liave fele>iled. 'I'he French 
 commander has alfo given a defeription of the eltab- 
 lifhmcntof the Spaniards at Rio de !a Plata, ns alfo 
 an account of the milTions in Paraguay, which though 
 we confidered as lOO long to be inli^rted in the mid(t 
 of his narration, vet we think of too much importance 
 to be omitted. We (hall, therefore, here piefent it 
 to our readers. 
 
 " The river de la Plata, (fays our author) takes a P.nraFii.iv ilc« 
 foiitherly courfe to the j+tli des;ree of latitude, u here I'li''"-'!. 
 It is united with the river Uraguai, making one ilreain, 
 which runs ffill foiitherly to the Ocean. The fcliiits 
 have .idvanced a falli; principle of geogiaphv, and 
 other authors have fallen into their errois, by I'up- 
 pofing the River de l.i Plata to Iprin ; from the lake 
 of Xarages. This lake, which has been the I'uhjeet 
 of much inquiry, is now (uppofed tohavc noexiffcnce, 
 iiv order of the courts of Spain and Portugal, the 
 Marquis of \aldeliiais, and J)on (.rcorge ^^enc7,^s, 
 und rtook to deteinilnc the limits ot tlic polfellions of 
 thele two powers j .and accordiiu;ly levcral Spanifli 
 
 ■■ M. lleag.iin\ ille concludes tiii^ pirt ot his nirrarivc with 
 rlic following very Iietrnnc.-ind ceually polit'cii with. ■• (j (,,ay 
 Aotourou foon fee liis coe/itrynun ag.iin !" 
 
 Zz; 
 
 and 
 
 f 
 
26!) 
 
 THE VOVaGE of* 
 
 s 
 
 I 
 
 17G9 Siul Porfu^iicfi; ofliccrs, tr:ivcrfcd this large diflrifl 
 „ ' o( Aiiiciica, between tlii' yens 1751 iind 1755. The 
 .Sp.iir.irds cmbiirkcd on the river Paraguiiy, and the 
 Humimicfe prccccdtd from a fcttlcment belonging 
 to tlic crown ot Purtugal, called Maragon'o, fituatcd 
 on th.- interior boundaries of the Drafils, at about 
 twelve ilc)jrees fouth latitude, and proceedcil up the 
 river Caourou, which, according to the maps of the 
 Jefuit*, isdefcrihcd as falling into the lake Xarages. 
 fJut how great was their furprill- and dilapf ointment 
 at meeting in the 14th degree of Ibuth latitude in the 
 river Paraguay, without hndiiig any thing to jullify 
 the fuppolition of the exilknce of the lake ! Hence it 
 «as concluded that the peiiodical inundations of the 
 river over a confidcrablc trad of adjacent country, 
 havin;; been .'.eeived in lowgro'n's, formed a body 
 of water, which, by foinicr .u.vigators was taken 
 for the ideal lake. The fource of the Paraguay, or 
 Rid lie la Plata, is among the mountains, between 
 tiie two ' • '.Mils, and between five and fix degrees 
 fouth latit.'Je, and it empties itfelf into the river of 
 \ni,i70iis. 1 iii~ Uraguai arifes in the Captainlhipof 
 "^ Vincent's in the R.afils; and the I'arana, in the 
 mountain.^ '■'■ 'he caft north-caft of Rio Janeiro, 
 vhr . c it flows to the wcftward, and then changes 
 
 ••^ .■ 1 e tc rhe fouih. It appears from the ac- 
 
 unt I', the /I'le Prevoll, that Diaz de Scdis, firll 
 i.fcoveretl I'.ic i-'arana in i';i5,and called it after him- 
 f,)fj iiut 'iiat in 1526, Sebaitian Cabot named it la 
 PI ita, or, 'Jf Silver, on account of the many pieces 
 of filvcr, uhiefi he obfcrvcd in the pofl'ctlion yf the 
 natives ef ^'r.t rountry. The fort of Efpiritu 
 Har.r ) was eri;i'[i;d '■> (.".ibot, who had fc.irccly time to 
 fee it co;.-,,i!.'ted lit 1 ire it was levelled with thec.irth. 
 Iniqjf, ))'jn Pedro de Mendo/a, great cup-bearer 
 to t \j emperor, failed for the river de la Plata, and 
 foui'ded Huenos Ayres ; but this undertaking proved 
 excie.nely unfucctlVful j and after Meiido/.a's death, 
 the inuabitants of Buenos Ayres, unable to defend 
 thcmfjlves againft the depredations of the Indians, 
 and living in perpetual dread of famine, fled for fanc- 
 ■ tuarv to AfTumption, now the capilal of Paraguay, 
 whieh was built by the followers of Menilo/.a, foon 
 became well inhabited, and of courie confidcrably 
 cnlart;ew. Don Pedro Arti?, de Zarara, governor nl 
 Parai;uav, rebtiilt Huenos Ayres, upon an improved 
 planj in the year 1580, and it loon became the prin- 
 cipal refort of fliips, navigating the South Seas ; 
 foon after which it was an epifcopa! fee, and the place 
 of refidence of the chief magiliratc. The fituation 
 of iiuenos Ayres is computed to be in Jideg. 56 
 min. fouth laf. and 6 leg. 5 min. weit longitude 
 from Paris. The inh:i ,.mts, including ncgros, do 
 not exceed twenty thoul.nd, notwithftanding which, 
 the town covers 4 very large fpacc of gvourd, I'wing 
 to the (generality of the habitations having no niore 
 than a praund-floor, with fpacious court-vnrds, and 
 fxtenfive gardens. The public market is f dd in a 
 grand fiiuare, the angles of which arc for t 4 by tbi. 
 governor's palace, the town-hall, the cath t .al, and 
 i:ie epifeopal palace. There is no harbour i Buenos 
 Avres, fo thai ihips of any confidcrablc ' ji 'en aic 
 obli'ed to fail to Encenada de Baragon, 1, our ten 
 lcd''.ues caft fouth-eaft of the town, or elf: receive and 
 deliver their freights by mcanj of fmall boat". Ad- 
 joiiii;!' to the Jtfuits convent there is a I liK.'ng, 
 called the lioufe for the cxercifes of women, wixrc 
 married and unmaiiied people, without the con(i;nt 
 of their hiifbands or fiicnd>, fequefter ihemlelvcs tor 
 the fpace of tvvilvc d.iys during which time v a[i>■J(i^ 
 .reli'.;ioUi> eMici'cs arc praClifed, alrnoft without iirtir- 
 miiiion. There are holy ceremonies ajipointeil for 
 the flaves 1 and fii( h of the ne!;ros, as pay foui reals 
 per annum to the Dominicans, are admitted menihcrs 
 of fome religious coniniuiiitv, and intitlid to certain 
 holidav, to hear inafs, and a detent inicrment al the 
 ixpcnee of the f»iars, Thi« community of iie:'ios 
 tcknowle'L'e ^ll• Benedid of Palermo, and the Vir- 
 gin Mary for th'.ir patrons, and o: the days dedicated 
 to thell- I lint', ihey feleCl two peifeiiis to rep;efent 
 
 
 the kings of Spain and Portugal, who are foIIowciS 
 by al! the ncgros of the order, par.iding through the 
 (trccts from the riling to the fctting of the fun, fing- 
 ing, dancing, reprelentinK battles, and repeating re- 
 ligious incantations. The grounds near Buenos 
 Ayres are extremely fruitful, producing all the real 
 neeefl'aries of life j but it is entirely uncultivated at 
 only three leagues diltance ) and in eroding the plains 
 fcarcely a hovel is to be met with ; fo that paflcngersaxc 
 frequently under the neteflity of fleeping in their car- 
 riages, and thole who go on horfeback are often, for 
 many fuceeflive nights, expofed to the inclemency of 
 the weather. Horfes and black cattle abound in thefc 
 plains, and the latter arc frequently killed by travell- 
 ers, who take away fuffic'rent for a few meats, and 
 leave the red for the birds and beafts of prey. 'l"hc 
 only furious animals known here are wild dogs and 
 tygers, the former, which are faid to have been origin- 
 ally brought from Europe, are both fierce and numer- 
 ous, perhaps oAing to their food j and the climate 
 Items greatly to have altered their fpecies;— — 
 the latter are cf the ufual kind, but are not very fre- 
 quently met with. In the neighbourhood of Buenos 
 Ayres woed is fo cxtumely fearce, that very little is 
 to be found that will ferve for fuel, and what is ufed in 
 ereiiting and repairing houl'es, or in ri fitting veflels, 
 is tranfported from Paraguay. — The Indians inhabiting 
 this part of America are of a eopixT complexion, 
 feldom exceeding five feet in ftatuie, and of a very 
 forbidding afped. 'ihcir chief is dillingiiiflied by u 
 thong of leather tied round his fovehrail, to which 
 arefallened feveral plates of copper. (he arms they 
 ufe are bows and arrows, flings and balls. Thefeare 
 about the circumference of a two pound cannon ball, 
 and being received in leathern cups at the ends of cords 
 of about fix or feven feet long, I hey throw them when 
 onhoifebaek, with fueh amazing teirce and dexteritv, 
 as to be almoft at a certainty of killin;: an animal at 
 ihcdiftance of three hundred yards. Some years ago 
 a number of delinquents, efcaping the punininient 
 thtv were fentoneed to, ntreated to the north of thu 
 Maldonadocs, whcie being joined by fome deferters 
 and Indian women, they have formed a community oJ 
 delperadoes. They frequently plunder the Spaiiifli 
 fettlements, and carry their Ipoils to the br iindaries 
 of the Brafils, where they reee •"? in fX' 'lango for then; 
 fire-arms and cloaths from 'I.e i'aulilts, anothci 
 delpcratc race of robbers, fuppvcJ to be between fix 
 ai.el (even hundicd in number, who removJ f < ni 
 B'afil farther to the north weft about the I x'.--enth 
 ce itury, fince which ' . 'e th<v have ceir..inually tra- 
 vcifed the adjacent coui>;i V in parties; and fuch tra- 
 v I jrs'as are ' 1 unforttinaie as to meet with then-, 
 generally f.U vn-iims to ilieir criidtv and .;.,ilne. — 
 The governments 0} ruciinian and Paraguay, with 
 the niiflions of the Jefuit:., arc dependent vio.'i the 
 govc'i jr-general ot la Plat.i, who, in ■'11 ir tkrs 
 lelating to the hiver mines of Potofi, is uiuU ■ i;.c in- 
 rifdidion >•( the viceroy of Peru. — A min': having 
 heen late'v elt. 'difhed at Potofi, the filvtr vv.l'i not in 
 
 future be 
 
 .lu, ht from hrnco in the 
 
 fined 
 
 .n 'htlpit. — 'i'vvo hundre I carts, ati._iio^il l.v three 
 hundred men, go annually from Buenos Aires to 
 fete h fait liow the lakes adj.cent to the ka in 43 dcg. 
 Couth lat. an<t the ncceflity of obtaining i.ilt, is the only 
 motive that Mi.i'Uces the Spaniards to travel (b fir 
 fouth of Buenos .Ayres, wlirte the country exhibits 
 a m;bneholy profpeiSt of dreary and unou'tiv;.ted 
 lands. 
 
 The piincipal commerce of Bucnis Avri s is v. 'th 
 Peru and Chili, 10 whieh provinces tiu-v I. nd cotton, 
 mules, loms il<in«, and about 400,000 Spanifti pound? 
 weight of ihc I'araguay herb, or South Sea la, every 
 year j great part of which laft article is conlumed by 
 the lab;>riou<; in the Peruvian niinoe, it beii.;; efteeired 
 a molt excellent preventive agaliifl the elieet-. of the 
 noxious vapours arifing from thofeinexhaulHble funds 
 oftreafure. Notwithllancling 'here isl.uti "ik dc 
 at Buenos Ayres, it is a placi if fiKli gre ' i lies 
 thai th« regifter fliips fitqucHtly any away „ uli. ji. 
 
 ot 
 
 ■ , 
 
i 
 
 M. B b U 6 A I N V I T, L fe. 
 
 rbj 
 
 of doliarn each : anJ if tlicy were incliiici! to 
 extend their (k'lm and fur trmic, tho(c articles alone 
 would, undoubtedly^ acquire th-jm iinmcnle trea- 
 fure. 
 
 Montevideo was built between forty and fifty years 
 fince, upon a pcninfula, to the north of the river, 
 and about ninety miles above its mouth. The town 
 has a bay, aftbrding Mc anchorage, but in boilUrous 
 weather fomc flcill itlulb be exerted, to keep clear 
 of a chain of hidden rocks of tlic coalt point of the 
 bay, which arc called Punta ile les Carretas. The 
 town of Montevideo affords every refreftiment ; and 
 the ail being particuly falubrious, renders it ftill 
 more inviting to voyagers, who generally find here a 
 h:ippy renewal of that health and vigour which 
 from various caufes, muft inevitably be impaired by 
 a long rcfidcncc on the rtormy element. 
 
 The Jefuits took up their rcfidcncc :\t Para- 
 puay, in the year 1580, and in the time of Phi- 
 lip the Third formed their celebrated miflions, called 
 by the Europeans [Paraguay or Uraguai.] Thefc 
 miflions are thirty-fcven in number; twcnty-ninc 
 being on one fide of the river Uraguai, and eight on 
 the oppofite fliore. — The Jefuits undertook to con- 
 vert the natives of this trait of America to the Roman 
 Catholic religion; and in order to encourage them 
 to purfue this difficult taflc with a >roper degree of 
 fpirit, they were rendered indcpcndant of the 
 governor's authority, and allowed an annual ftipend 
 of fixty thoufand piaftrcs for their ncccfTary expences. 
 And, in order to indemnify the crown for this ex- 
 pence, a tax of one pialtrc per head was levied upon 
 all the Indians between the age of eighteen. and fixty. 
 Notwithllanding the many and great obllacles which 
 would havedifpirited Icfs aetermined men, the Jefuits, 
 by a (Irady perfcvcrance, the moft ardent zeal, and a 
 Itriift attention to the genius and difpofition of thofc 
 lavages, at length civilifed their manners, implanted 
 in their minds the principles of the chridian religion, 
 and made them happy within themfelves and ufeful to 
 the community. — In the year iji;;, th? Spanilh 
 Monarch having given up the colonies on the left 
 fliore of the river to the rortugufc in exchange for 
 Sanro Sacramento, with a view to fupprefs the fmug- 
 gling tiaJj, the Indians of the ceded colonies, dif- 
 gufted at beingdriven from their cultivated lands took 
 up arms againft the Spaniards. Don Jofeph An- 
 donaighi, governor-general of the province Dc la 
 Plata, and Don Joachim de Viana, governor of Mon- 
 tevideo, marched againft and entir.dy defeated them. 
 Soon after this battle cine infurreftwni being quelled, 
 Viana left Buenos Ayrcs, and was accompanycd as 
 far as the Maidondoes by feven Indian families where 
 they fettled, leading a life of exemplary prudence and 
 induftry. The fituation of thefe reclaimed people 
 gives an idea of what the poets call the golden age : 
 they knew no diftinftion of riiiiSc, were neither in- 
 ci.nbered with riches, nor t.pprefied with poverty ; 
 and as all their wants were fupplied from the warc- 
 ^oufes appointed to receive the produce of the com- 
 mon labour, they had no incitement to ufe finifter 
 and clandeftine means to obtain private property. 
 The countr- in .vhich the miflions arc fituatcd, 
 reaches about four hundred and fifty miles eaft and 
 weft, and about fix hundred miles north and fouth, 
 and the number of the inhabitants is computed to be 
 three hundred thrafand. There arc immcnfe forefts 
 of all kiri.'.sof wood, and cxtcnfive meadows, watered 
 \,y innumei.^.ble fmall rivers and brooks, which pro- 
 duce pafturc fufficient for upwards of two millions of 
 cattle. — The country was divided into diftriiSls, over 
 each of which two Jefuits were appoi' '> I to prcfijcj 
 one of whom sited asrc^or, and the other m bis cu 
 
 r.itc. The Indians lived in a ftatc of the moft abfolute 
 liibiuilli.iii to their rectois, who fuvcrely ch.illiled thcni 
 for mildcnicanoiirs, and aiuui.illy iipp'iliUed a number 
 of inferior ofliccrs called cotreyidors to take eojjiii- 
 zance of petty (.'ft'ences. Near the church ate two 
 buildings j one of which was iiiiiabiud by a great 
 number <if girls, who were iiillructcd in v.iiicus 
 occupations. The other building w.is occupied by 
 young negro men, who were brought up to various 
 Iiaiulicraft profeflions, and one department of this 
 building was appointed to the teaching of miific, 
 fculpture, architedlture, kc. The redor's houfe 
 ftood between thefe buildings, and had communi- 
 cations with each, which he vifited every day to fee 
 the provifions juHly dillributcd, ami the proper deco- 
 rum in other rtfpeiils ftriitly obferved. — 
 
 The imire cxpulfion of the Jefuits from the Spanifli 
 dominions having been refolved upon, Don FranciS 
 liuicarelli was appointed to carry this dcfign into 
 execution ; and he accordingly failed for BuenoS 
 Ayres, arrived thtic in the beginning of 1767, and 
 immediately fent the difpatches with which he was 
 charged to the governors of Peru and Chili, and the 
 commanders of Cordoua, Mendoza, Corricntes, 
 Santa Kc, Salta, Montevideo, and Paragmy. Thefc 
 difpatches were accompanied by letters ttriflly in- 
 joining the perfons to whom the difpatches from the 
 court were dircdfed, not to open them till an appointed 
 day. As it was a matter of doubt whether the In- 
 dians would tamely fubmit to fee Jefuits arrcfted in the 
 colimies, all the preparations for airrying the king's 
 orders into execution, were condiii5ttd vith the moft 
 profound fccrecy. The time for accomplilliing this 
 grand dcfign at length arrived, and the different 
 gove.-nors being previoufly inftrucled to open their 
 letters, and to proceed according to their content!} 
 with all imaginable difpatch, the general execution 
 began about two o'clock in the morning, when the 
 Jefuits with equal horror and aftonifliment, found 
 their habitatious inverted by the Spanifti troops. 
 They evinced a high degree of philofophical refign- 
 atioii and humility in quietly fubmitting to tlici^ 
 fate. 
 
 On the thirteenth of September a cacique belonging 
 to each colony, and all the corregidors, arrived at 
 Buenos Ayres. Thefc people were politically de- 
 tached from their companions by the following 
 ftratagem, with a defignof fecuring them as hoftagcs, 
 in cafe any refiftancc had been made. The governor- 
 general fent for them under pretence of communicat- 
 ing the fubftance of the king's letters ; and thefc de- 
 luded people were not informed of the events that 
 happened till they received the account from the moutli 
 of the governor, who gave them a general audience 
 immediately upon tiieir arrival ; whcp the governor 
 informed them that he came to free ihem from the 
 (laveiy they had long groaned under, :iiid di:ci5ling 
 them to one of the houfcs formerly occupied by the 
 Jefuits, they were thcie properly provided tor at the 
 king's cxpcncc. The Jefuits had eftabliiliej other 
 miflions than thofc above mentioncvl to ihe South of 
 Uraguai, and were making great progrefs fouth- 
 ward of Chili, towards the iftaiid of Chiloc, but the 
 unexpefted turn of aff'airs in Europe utterly dcftroyed 
 a work, the completion of which had been an object 
 of great attention f"r a long fcrics of years. — 
 
 Such is M r ugaliiyille's account of this extra- 
 ordinary rcvoiuiion which, furprized all the world; 
 Our circum li vig:i;oi teems in tJiis, and many other 
 inftances, to iiavc irovcd himfelf an accurate obferveri 
 and one caLuhucd I j do honour to the French 
 nation* 
 
 PORTU^ 
 
 ivftij 
 
 m 
 
 ' iiM;l 
 
 ii..> 
 
I a68 ] 
 
 PORTUGUESE VOYAGES TO THE EAST INDIES. 
 
 THE VOYAGE OF PEDRO ALVAREZ CAHRAI..* ;, . 
 
 Vtrcil. 
 
 1500 A I'^TER having [;lvcn an account of the rircum- 
 ^^y^/ ^^ navigators accorillng to our promile, wc return 
 to the voyages of tlif Portugucfc, in whofe I'crvicc 
 Vafqucz de Gama had opened a way to India by tlie 
 Cape of Good Hope, and had already made overtures 
 towards a treaty of trade and commerce with the Sa- 
 morin of Calicut. 
 
 A rcfolution was now talccn by the court of Lif- 
 boii to profccutc thcl'e valuable caftern difcoverics. 
 For this purpofe, thirteen viflbls of dilFcrent fizes 
 were fitted out, and the command gi\cn to Pedro Al- 
 varez Cabral, a oentlcmen of great merit, to whom, 
 on the tith of March, in the year 15C0, the Icing 
 delivered the Flag of the Crofs. The fleet contained 
 1200 men, with whom went eight Francifcan friars, 
 eight chaplains, and a chaplain-major. Their in- 
 lirudlions were to begin with preaching, and in cafe 
 that failed, to proceed to the decifion of the fword. 
 The names of the captains of the fliips were S.incho 
 de Toar, of Cabral's vcfTel, Nicholas Coello, Don 
 I^uh Coutinno, Simon de Myfaranda ; Simon Lay- 
 ton, Bartholomew Diaz, who difrovcred the Cape of 
 Good Hope; Diego Diaz (his brother, who had 
 been purfer to De Gama, in the former voyage. ) The 
 captain of the caravels were Pedro de At.iyJe, and 
 Vafqucz dc Silveyra, Ayrcs Corrca, was fadtor of the 
 fleet, and was to remain as fuch at Calicut. 
 
 In cafe the king of Calicut readily confented to the 
 fettling of the faotory, Cabral was fecrtily to impor- 
 tune him to prohibit the Moors from trading thither, 
 or in any other of his ports ; and to promile on that 
 condition, to import from Portugal, the fame forts of 
 commoilitics, better and cheaper, than thofc the 
 Moors brought. They wctcalfo to touch at Mcli ■- 
 da, on the coaft of Africa, in order to land the am- 
 bafl'ador, (brought from thence by Gama) and fend 
 the kinga prcftnt. The gth of March the fleet let 
 fail from Helem, the king accompanying Cabral to 
 the water-fide. On the iSth they came in fight of the 
 Canaries, and the 22d palTedby St. Jago. The 28th 
 Dc Atayde's fiiip was leparatcd, and no more heard 
 of. They failed till the 24th of April, and then 
 difcovcrcd land ; which lying fo far to the weft, 
 they concluded was feme coaft which Gama had not 
 fct n in his voyage. The men who were fent on 
 fljorc, brought word that it was a fruitful country, 
 full of trees, and well inhabitud. The people were 
 fwarchy and naked, ami ufc bows and arrows. At 
 iiigiit a fturm arifing, they ran along coaft for a port, 
 whu h IvM ing fi tind, they called it Puerto Scgwis, or 
 the Safe Port, Here mafs was laid nn (hore, great 
 numbers of the natives adl-mbling to look on, wlio 
 were very civil and merry. They trucked parrots for 
 pa|Kr and cloth. Cabral called this country Ticrra 
 de Sjuta Cru/, from the ftoiie crofs he e ecti*d, 
 which afterwaids took the name o( Brnfil. Here he 
 left two banilhed men, to inform themfelves concern- 
 ing the country, and fent a letter to Portugal to ac- 
 quain; t^K king with this new difcovery. 
 
 Thcv departed on tlie 2d of .May for the Cape ol 
 Good Hope, and on the 12th there appeared a comet 
 in the caft, whieh tor ten d.iys continually incrcafcd, 
 and was v.iiblc both liav and night Ihis was the 
 fore-runner of a \ lulci'r ftorm, whic!\ arofecn the 23d, 
 in the ncnth-ealt, mi.Vvd wuU nin : it was fucctcded 
 at nicht by a calm. (Jn the 2Sth it liLvr hard agair, 
 and they were torced to take in their fails; uiit a 
 
 water-fpout appealing to the north-cad, .ind a uhu 
 enfuing, they hot being acquainted witli fuch a plice- 
 nomeiion took it fur a fign of fair weather, when on 
 a fuddcn a furious wind fprang up, that not having 
 time to furl llieir fails, four ffiins pcrilbcd, with all A icrrihie 
 their men, among whom was Hartholomcw Diaz, >«"'pti^' 
 the difcoverer of the Cape of Good Hope. The 
 other fcven remained half full of water, and li.id funk, 
 but that their tails being torn. The wind veerinc to 
 the fouth-weft, the ftorm ftill continued ; aiul in this 
 manner they were toft about for tw o dayo u ithout 
 fails, the d.ay being fo dark, that tlie fhips could not 
 fee one another, and cxpcding every miimeiit to be 
 fwallowed up. But on the third day the wind ..!i;iiing, 
 the ilect joined again, and they beg.iii to h<'iie all \va» 
 over, when prcfently after, the wind coiniiij: about to 
 the eaft and norlh-eaft, began to blow with gicater 
 fury than ever, and the waves to fuell as hi .h as 
 mountains j fo that one moment the ftiips feeincd to be 
 tolled above the clouds, and the next to he plunjnfl in 
 the bottom of the deep. This dreadlul tcnipelt con- 
 tinued for twenty djys together ; in tlie i!ay the 
 water looked as black as pitch, and at night ap- 
 peared like flames of fire^ At length, the winds 
 .ibating, they found they had pnfli.-d the C.ipe of 
 Good Hope during the ftorm, which, however, had 
 feparatcd four of the Ihips. On the i6th of July they 
 fell in clofe with the coaft of Africa, in twenty-fevcii 
 degrees fouth, which appeared to be populous: yet 
 none of the natives came to look at them, nor would 
 the general I'ufter his men to land, having no hujiu 
 of getting provifions there. Running on along the 
 fhore, and being near Sofala (with which as yet the 
 pilot was not acquainted) they faw two iflands, ami 
 near one of them two fliips at anchor, which, on 
 fight of the Portugucfe, made towards ftioie ; but 
 being purfued, were ovsrtaken, and yielded without 
 refiftance : They belonged to the Moors, and came 
 from the mines of Sofala, laden for Mclinda, with 
 gold, moft of which they threw into the fea, in their 
 flight. The general treated the commander cour- 
 teoufly, cxprcft'ed I'orrow for his lofs, and reftorcd all 
 that was taken, as being a relation of the king of Me- 
 linda, who was a friend of the Portiigueli;. The 
 Moor, being willing to recover his gold again, afked 
 Cabral if he had any witches on hoard, who might 
 conjure it up from the bottom of the fea. The gene- 
 ral anfvvered. That the Chriftians neither pr.ictifed nor 
 l)elieved in witchcraft. Being informed thathchai^ 
 overlhot Sofala, he proceeded, and on the 20th ar- 
 rived at Mozambique, whrrr he took in water, and a 
 pilot to carry him to Quiloa, an ifland 100 leagues 
 beyond, in about nine degrees fouth, where he was 
 joined by two of the feparatcd fliips. The dominions 
 of this prince extended from Cape Corientes almoft 
 as f.ir as Mombaflii, near 400 leagues of co.ift, which 
 is very populous and full of towns, bi fides innumer- 
 able illands nlor.g it, that paid taxes; yet, for all 
 this, he was of no great power, not being ;diii; tu 
 raile any confidrrable force. The country is very 
 fruitful, and ftored with fmall cattle. The water is 
 excellent, Qiiiloa is a place of great trade lor Sofala 
 sold, for whieh there is a great lefort of mercliants 
 from Arabia, F'a-lix, and other pJIt^. The Ihips 
 here, as in all other plaecs, were built witlioiit ii.iils, 
 and rubbed over with wild fiankincenfe, inlliaJ of 
 pitch, there being none i-i thefe parts. 
 
 1 IJtinj 
 
PORTUGUESE VOYAGES, 
 
 iGo 
 
 ?King ar^ivcd at the ancifnt and noblccity of Cijii- 
 luu, (wnrre Ibnihim, a man icnowni'd among his pcu- 
 l>ln, and rich with llie trade of Sulala, then reigned) 
 the general lent to acquaint the king, that he v/as 
 come with a letter from the king of Portugal, and 
 hud brought mtrthanjirc, in order to fettle trade with 
 him, dtfiring an Interview, and that it might bo on 
 ilie water, he having cxprels orders not to land. The 
 king conli'nted, and the next day met him ina pin- 
 nate, accompanied with many attendants in boats, 
 the llreamers flying, and trumpets founding. The 
 king's letter being read, the fhcik confentcd to a 
 tiade, and dcfirrd an account of the mcrchandifc 
 mij^ht be fent him the next day, proniifing to give 
 gold in exchange. Hut next ilay, when the UtUn 
 w.iitcdoii him, lieexcufed himfelf from performing Im 
 proniife, aHedging firib, that the goods were not for 
 his purpcfe ; frcondly, that he fufpedtcd the general 
 came with adefign to conquer hiscountry j but the true 
 reafon was, that finding they were Chnllians, he had 
 no mind to have any trade or correfpondencc with 
 them. The general, after this b.iulk, Ibyed three or 
 four days, to fee if the king would alter his mind : 
 but perceiving, that infteadof complying with their 
 tiemands, he was fortifying himfeU for fear of an at- 
 tack, it was rel'olved to goon to Mclinda, where he 
 arrived on the fecond of Auguft. — Here he found lliree 
 Moorifh ihips of Guzarat, but the general would 
 not fuffcr them to be attacked, in fiiendfliip to the 
 kingof Mclinda. Jleing come to an anchor, he fa- 
 luted the city with his ordnance, tl'lic king immedi- 
 ately fciit to vilithim, with a prefent of provifion anu 
 iruits, faying he might command whatever his coun- 
 try afforded. Cabral returned thanks by a mellenger, 
 nnd gave liim to underitand that he came with a pte- 
 icnt and letter from the kinj., his mader, ottering to 
 ftrvc him with his fleet where-evcr he fliould com- 
 mand it. Till- prefent was ihe rich furniture of a 
 horfe. Ayres Corrca, chief faiilor of the fleet, being 
 fent with others to carry the letter and prefent, was 
 met by feveral nobles at the water-fide before the pa- 
 lace, attended by a omen with perfuming pans, and in 
 ,lhis manner he \v i^s conduiilcd to the king, who was 
 much plcafed with ilie letter, written both in Portu- 
 guefe and Arabic, and kept Correa to difcourle with 
 liim about Portugal. Next day the king had an inter- 
 view \\.ith the general on the water, (the latter not 
 caring to land) told him howmuch hewas cmbarralled 
 by the kingof Monibafla, for admitting t!ie fricnd- 
 fliip of the Portugucfe, and gave him two Guzarat 
 pilots for Calicut. 
 
 Although the place flood near the fhorc, the 
 king w ould ride down to the watcr-lide in his new 
 furniture. — On this occafion, fome of his courtiers 
 had got a live fhiip at the foot of the (leps, '.jcfore his 
 p.ilace, and while the king was coming down, they 
 opened its belly, and took out the bowels, over 
 which the king roile, pronouncing certain words ; a 
 fuperllitious cullojii in this place. The general left 
 with the king two banifl\cd men to inform themfelves 
 cf the country ; one of thefe, who was afterwards 
 called Machedo, learned the Arabic, and went by 
 land to the llreights of Mecca ; from thence paffing 
 to Balagat, by way »f Cambaya, fettled with Sabay, 
 who was then lord of CJoa, pretending to be a Moor ; 
 and became afterwards very ferviceablc to Albu- 
 querque. • 
 
 About the 7th C;'bral left ^Telinda, and on the 
 20th, arrived at Anladiva, (Anchcdiva) where after 
 waiting a few days for the ihips of Mecca, and find- 
 ing they did not come, he proceeded on his voy.age ; 
 and the 13th of September ca(l anchor within a league 
 of Cdicut ; and prcl'ently there came on board feve- 
 ral pinnaceF, with provifions to fell ; and afterwards 
 feveral of the principal n.iyrcs, with a compliment 
 from the S.unorin, rxpreflini; nuirli fatisfaihon at his 
 arrival, and making great ofi'crs of fricndfhip. Upon 
 tliis C.ibral went nearer the litv with his (hips, and 
 next day went one Gafpar to demand a fafi- c ndui'^ 
 for a mcflengcr, and with him the four Malabar?, 
 Vol. I. N" 24. 
 
 whom de(iama had carried .iway, da-Hid in tlic Por- 
 tuguefe habit, the citizens (i'-ing tlum return in good 
 health and plight, were very gliil) and fo was the Sam< 
 rin ; but he would not fee them as iKiiig but filhernien. 
 He received (ialper very well, and gave leave lor any one 
 to come on (bore who had a mind. The general here 
 upon fent Alonfo Hurlado, with an interpreter, to ac-" 
 quaint the king, that he came from Portugal purely 
 to lettlc trade and friend(hip, and defired hollages th,i< 
 he might wait on him in pcrfon. The pledges he de- 
 fired were the cutwal, and Araxchtcnoka, one of the 
 principal nayres. The king not caring to part with 
 theperfonshe required, on arcount of their age and 
 infirmities, propoleil to find others in their ftead 
 Hut afterwanls, at the inltigation of the Mootf, was 
 againlt fending any at all, upon the piiiii-'lilio that 
 the general's demand argiud want of lonliJcncc 
 in him. After three days ilebate, the Saniorin being 
 overcome with the prolpci'l of the advantages ariling 
 IVom trade, conndied to fend the h'lftages : where- 
 upon the general refolved to wait on the king on (hore ; 
 ordering Sanclio de 'I'oar, whom he left to commaiiJ 
 in his abfence, to ule the holKigcs well, but not tO 
 deliver them to any pcrfon who came to demand thcm^ 
 although itfliould be in his name. 
 
 'I'he 28th of December, the Samorin fent fevel-al o( 
 the principal nayres, with many fervants and mufical 
 inlli uments to attend the general j who being 
 informed that he waited for him in a gallery built 
 on purpofe to receive him, near the waler-fide, fet 
 out in all the (late he could, aceompanied with thu 
 boats of the fleet, and thirty of the priiuip:d perfoiis 
 belonging to it. The hoftages were very loath to en- 
 ter the fhip, till they faw the general landed, appre- 
 hending, that as foon as thcv were aboard, he woulj 
 return and detain them. \Vhile this parley was on 
 foot, Cabral landed; oil the fhorc many kaymals, 
 pinakals, and oUier principal nayres waited (or him. 
 He was immediately taken up in a chair, and accom- 
 panied with all his attendants, carried to the feramcj 
 which was a lodge or hall, hung with carpets of Alka- 
 tif; at the farther end whercot, the king fat in an al- 
 cove, like a little oratory. (Iver his head hung the 
 cloth of Hate, of crimfon velvet, and under and about 
 him were twenty filk cufliions. 
 
 He had only a piece of white calico embioiilcrcj 
 with gold about his middle ; all the reft of his body 
 being naked. On his head was a cap of cloth of ToId. 
 At his ears hung jewels, compofed of diamonds^ fa- 
 phiresi end pearls 1 two of which were larger than wal- 
 nuts ; his arms, from the elbow to the wrifj, and his 
 legs, from the knees downwards, were loaded with a ' 
 number of precious ftoncs of great value. His fingers 
 and to=s were covered with rings. In that on his great 
 toe was a large ruby, of a furprifing luftre. Ainong 
 the reft theic was a diamond bigger than a lar"e bean. 
 Hut all this was nothing, in comparifon to the richnefs 
 of a girdle made with precious ftoncs, fct in gold, 
 which caft a luftre that dazzled every body's eyes. Near 
 the Samorin flood a chair ot ftate, and his litter, all 
 of gold and filvcr, curioufly adorned with precious 
 ftoncs. There were three trumpets of gold, and fe- 
 venteen of filvcr, whofe mouths were fet with 
 ftones alfo; and feveral filvcr lamps and ccnfcrs, 
 fmoaking with perfumes, befides a golden fpittinc-ba- 
 fon. Six paces from him flood "his brothers, 'who 
 were next heirs to the crown j and a little farther fe- 
 veral of his nobles all flanding before him. 
 
 The general on his entrance would have gone up t6 
 kifs the Samorin's hand, but being inforined it was 
 not the cuftom there, hcdefilled, and took his feat in 
 a chair placed near the king ; which was the gieateft 
 honour that could be done him. He then delivered 
 his letter of credit written in Arabic, which having 
 been read by the Saniorin, the general delivered his 
 mcfTage, importing, that the king of Portugal was 
 defirous of the Samorin's friendfliip, and to^fettle a 
 faitory at Calicut which (liould be fupplicd with all 
 forts of European goods ; rcqueft'ng, that cither in 
 exchange or for ready money his "ihips might have 
 4 A liberty 
 
 t^oo 
 
 111 
 
 ii 
 
 M 
 
«7^ 
 
 rORTUGUF. SF, VOYAGES 
 
 1500. liluMy 10 lade with ij)ici«. The Sjmorin feemcd 
 k^V"^/ plcilcJ with the cinbally, ;iiiJ toIJ Ihi ^^ciitral that 
 tliu I.111.; Iii> iiulKr IhiAiM he wclcujiic tu whatever 
 hik t.ilv ,iiroiJi.'tl , » hillt ill' V were talking the |>re- 
 luit v%.is hrnught in, whii.li (.oiililUil ol a wrought 
 lilvtr hai'iiii ^ilt, a touiilaiii ot'ilu I'aiiic, a lilver cup 
 « ith a i;ili cover, two wnl"cs ot liKer, tour ciilhions 
 (two oi cl'illi III' (;(>hl, aikt twu of cjiiiili>ii velvet) 
 ■• I hull <<r It.uc of the l.iiiie velvet, llripeJ ami hound 
 with fjnM l.ice, a veiy line cai|Ki, and two ridi 
 |inves ul' .'.rra*. I'lie audience heiri;; over, the king 
 t>dil the geiural lh.it he nii^ht retire, citliei tu hi> 
 lod :ing>> or (hips i I'ur tlui lie v»a<i oliliged tu fend 
 lor the linll.i.res, who were not ulVd to nu fen, and 
 he Wi> line would neither eat nor drink . long as 
 they vMTtf on bond ; addinj; that if he came mxt day to 
 toncliide what was b.';',uii, th.y (hould be Cent on 
 hoard a^viin. iiut this happy tuginning had like to 
 h uc bei n fpoiled by an iinreafunable dillrull which 
 liapixiiul to prevail on b i.li lidi.s. The general bc- 
 ini; cine to the vvater-lule, a lervant belonging to one 
 <j| tile liodages by order of the clerk and coniptioller 
 of the king's houftiold went before in a pinnace, 
 t.i let thein know tHit the gcner.il was coming on 
 boaiil. As foon a< the hortages heard this, they all 
 Kaped iiilo the water in order to get ntf in the pin- 
 nace : — Ayres Correa jurliping ininiediately into 
 his b.iat took fonie ot tlicni, but the rell got oil', 
 aniun^ whnm was the cutwal. 1 he general bein/ 
 tome on board, ord' red the hoQagC!. that were taken 
 U. be put under the hatches that ihey no;',ht not run 
 aw.iy, .u\d lent t) the king, to complain of the re I, 
 laying the blame upon the clerk ami comptroller, aiio 
 pruniiling to d.-Iiver thofe he detained, as foon us l.is 
 hapg:'4e and the men lie had left to take care of it was 
 brought on board. The ne.\t day the Samoriii accom- 
 p.;:iii.d wi.h li,oco men came to the water- fide, and 
 li;iu on board the jjeneral's men and bjgL;agc, along 
 with whom uint iliirly pinnace*, to fetch hack the 
 liolK'.ges j but none ft theirs through fear of being 
 detained, durft venture near niou.h to receive them, 
 'i he l'( rtugu'.fe feemrd alio as backward to venture 
 to deliver tliim ; I'o that they remai'icd Hill in cufiodv, 
 however, next nii. ruing the g-n^ral refolved to fend 
 them on fioie in hi-, own biiH, oulering his men to 
 land them atadiiJance fiom the pinnaces. While 
 tl'.ey vi.rc prcpaii.ig to put ift' with them, Araxeme- 
 n )ka the oldeft of the pledges, and another, on a 
 fi:ddeii leaped into the wat' r ; the former was taken 
 a.^ain, hut the other with fi'/c mote of them cfcapcd. 
 C.ibral, furpril'ed at their inlinccrity, ordered 
 Araxcmcnoka to be clolely watched : but no mcflen- 
 ger coming to demand him for three days, and the 
 generrl dbferving that he would eat nothing all the 
 while, i;i pity l(;nt him ^vith fevcral weapons belonging 
 to the Malabars, to the King, who thereupon or Icred 
 two I'ortuguefe Hill on flior., to bi returned. Th.iee 
 davs mbrc being elaplld v^•ithout hearing of tl.c 
 Samorin, the gciieral refolved to fend to know whether 
 he was inclined to (rnifli the agreement already begun, 
 in which cafe he propofcd to fend His chief fadtor 
 on fliore, provided h iil u^cs «t;» „^iiv red as before, 
 everyone was pofl'cfled with tear, fotha Frankcifco 
 Coriea was the only man aboard the fleet -ho would 
 undertake to deliver this mvflage. The ki: g received 
 Coriea kindly, faid he was well (leafed to have trade 
 fettled, and made no difficulty to fend hoftages, 
 nsn-.ing for that puipofe two nephews of a rich 
 Cuzarat merchant, who were immediately fcnt 
 aboard, and a handfome lioule providid for the 
 f.'.Cb<r Ayres Correa, to lodge his merchandife. 
 Ard as the factor was not yet well kno\*'n in 
 the co.intry, or aciiuaiiited with the rules obfcrvcd 
 in trade, and prices of commodities, the kin" ordered 
 , the prandfathir of the hoftagcs (to whom the houfc 
 
 belonp;e,l) to inftrudt him therein ; but the Guzarat 
 nei^Ieiited his orders, being a friend to the Moors ; 
 wholly thefe means had their goods at their own price: 
 the (leiuilcs, for fear of them, feldom going to the 
 fadlurv. Uii the other Uaail Correa, k>i' want of 
 
 knowing the ratei of Indian merchandife, alwaynofTctTti 
 more than the romnuKliticj were wrirth, and lo boucht 
 them too dear. The Moor, likcwile ordered it fo, that 
 whenever he went toipe iktothc Samorin, fomrof thetn 
 might be prcfent to thw.^rt his nualurcs. They alio 
 prevailed on Khojali Sainifide, admiral of Calicut, 
 to hinder thofe belonging to the factory from going on 
 board, and lo ilctain anv of the ''tiii which (hould re- 
 move near the fhore. Cabral being informed of thi<« 
 and fearing to he let upon by flu "ii^'s fleet, in cnle 
 he rciiiaiiu'd in the haiboiir, weighed anchor, and 
 Hood out to fea, refolvin;; there to confult wliat was 
 bell to be done. 1 he iiamorin hereupon lent for 
 Correa, and learning from him the caule theriof, dc- 
 (ireil him to fend to the general to return, and forth- 
 with gave orders to prevent thcdeligns of the MiMirs. 
 ffe .ilfo removed the (Ju/arat iVom about Correa, and 
 in his place put another, named Colebequin, who, 
 though a Moor, was an honill man, and a friend to 
 ihe i'ortu.'uefe. For the Moors, who arc mtivcs of 
 India, are always at ftrife with thofe who come frini 
 Cairo, and the Streights of Meccaj and Cofebequin 
 was luadof tt!.- former, as Samif'de was of th? latter, 
 rurtlur th 111 this, the Snmorin, to prevent thef.ictory 
 from being difturbed by the Moors, and that tliev might 
 have the better opportunity of buying and felling to 
 advant,ige, gave them a hoiife by the water-fide, for 
 ever, rhis was done by writing ( and a copy given j 
 to which the kiiii^ put his hand and feal, inclofcJ 
 in a piece of clnlli of ;',old, lor the general to carry 
 bnk to IVitug^l. It was the Samorin's picafurealfo, 
 Uiat a fl..g, v^'ilh the arms of Portugal, fliould be 
 eiciited on the top of the houfe. After this, they had a 
 p'ctty good vent for their goods by Cofebequin'* 
 means ; The natives frequented the latlory, and the 
 Portuguefc walked about in Calicut, with as much 
 fafetyand as little moleflation, as ihcv could in Lifbon. 
 However the merchants of Mecca obllrudted their la- 
 ding for thtir Ihips, and thaugh complaint was made 
 to tne king, they received no rcdrefs : this wnsocca- 
 fioned by the enmity of the two Moorifli "ffiicrs bc- 
 fore-mentiuned. Fhc admiral being otFe"dcd that the 
 fa(;lor Correa had made greater application to the 
 other than to him, contrived to be revenged, by get- 
 ting the general to let upon a great fliip of Cevlon, 
 bound from Cochin to Cambaya with elephants. To 
 effect this, he told Correa, th:it the owners of the 
 fliip had refufed the Samorin one of thofe creatures ; 
 ami that therefore if the Portugueic Ihould take the 
 velFel, they would not only oblige the king, and for- 
 ward their own bufinefs, but alfo poffefs themfelves 
 of a great quantity of fpice, which belonged to the 
 merchants of Mecca. His defign was that the Pnrtu- 
 guel'e fhould receive damage in the attempt, th.n (hip 
 being of great bulk i and to this (lurpofe gave notice to 
 the owners, that they might be the better provided: 
 he concluded at Icaft in cafe his (fratagemdid not fuc- 
 ci-cd, that the Portuguefe would diloblige the mer- 
 cliants of Cochin. '1 he general feiit word that to 
 oblige the king, he would willingly undertake the 
 bufinefs though he was fenfible it was a dangerous at- 
 tempt ; but expected, as it could not he done without 
 lofs of men, that he ftioiild not be ort'endcd if his fail- 
 ors killed thofe who were in the Cambaya fliip. Tijis 
 having been allowed as rc.ifonable, the general fen t af- 
 ter theftiip Pcdrode Attayda with hiscaraval (where- 
 in were fixty men, befiifes fome Moors fent by the 
 admiral) who gave her cliace ; but being a {hip of 600 
 tons and 300 men : (lie made no a;couiit of the cara- 
 val, which was fniall, till fome of their balls reaching 
 her, (he bore down iijion them, pouring in her ftioi : 
 but being fiercely attacked by the Portuguefe, and re- 
 ceivinix 1 ball between wind and water, fhe quickly 
 made oH', and was purfued into the bay of Cananor, 
 where (he was taken. Thert were on board feven ele- 
 phant', worth in Calicut 30,000!. one of which was 
 killed and eaten by their men. The king next day 
 came lo the water-fide, and was flrangely furprifed, to 
 fee fucli a vedtl taken by one that was not about a fixth 
 part of her bulk, prdifing the acliuii, and treating the 
 
 men ; 
 
TO T H F. F, A S T INDIES. 
 
 :"t 
 
 men: but thogcnrral h-ivingilifcovcnil thr fraud, in 
 Ordrr to giiln the rrri'tullliip ol the kini; (<i C'luhm, 
 rttlored the lb:|> to iht^ iiwikt!!, ni.ikiii.^ Litislattii'ii 
 for the (ljm,i(;i;». Hero il «.ih that Diurii- I'ai hi r(i 
 Pcrcyra, gave the lirlt marks ot that huoc val./ur, 
 far whah lie \\i% atici waul, rewarded. 
 
 I hi- t*kmg tliii lhi|> terrihid theMllor^ nl Calient 
 nuire than ever, wlio iniapi ; il the kinj; (tt ihe I'nr- 
 luguelr on, in rcvciif/- cit' thi ir injuiu ■ i ami tiiuliiii 
 the latter was . ipabic ot biiii(;Mii; a (.leat itmIi- to his 
 Jidrl, wm cau is whctli.r iIkv tuntiniuil in Ins do- 
 niimonsor not. U|.iin this, thiy joined in a I), dy, 
 »nd waited on the .~i.iniorin, re)iuleiiting hn,v nuicli 
 com trncd they wei' iw liiiil, that llnile nevtinipis 
 (honid hi lo hi.nhly liiizcd hy him, while ihi'le who 
 had lo Ion , (ii|)|)iiriid the iraiL ol C lUeiit, and !;iven 
 proot'j of inctr fidi lity, Ihould be held ol no aceuni.t. 
 They indmiatetl inai the Portugiiefe were |iiiates, and 
 could lint |iiiiribly come to India tor the lake ol trade, 
 fincc til. inolits aiilini; Iroiii tlieiiee, could not (as 
 they alkdi;.eil) ^n near to i^lray the i X|Hiit 's ol a 
 voyage of 5000 le..'!ur«, with loiiiany (lii|is and m.n. 
 'I'hcy even a/Krnim, I'vit their defii.',n was to plunder 
 the country, and take :r,. 1 i'y, it tluy eoiild one; 
 get the Icatt footing in it ; that the, would turn the 
 noufe which the king had given them l.ir a (aolor\ 
 inio a fort ; and from thene- make ,v a upon li!;'! in 
 > little time; they concliu'.td, by thrcatenin.' i.i 1 - 
 move to fonie other city "I Malab.u , in cal.' lie con- 
 tinue : to ;;ive the I'ortuguele lb much counicnante, 
 and thrni lo little. 
 
 The king having heard this complaint, alTurcd them 
 ef his fricnJIhip, and mat he would not loilakjtheni 
 in favour cl any llranui r , he told tlu n tile rcaliin 
 for fending th • general to take the Cochin Diip was, 
 to try the valour of the Hcruigiiefe, and ihat he p-r- 
 mitted iheiii tu trade as he ilid other mcreliants, in or- 
 der to briiii^ lUeir money into his counfy. Kor all 
 tills, the Moors were not fati-lied, b' .aule the kini; 
 did not command the I'ortU'',uere to quit Calicut, and 
 permit their trading in Ins port. After this, they 
 openly intermeddled in their alfairs, and gave thciii 
 what oopolitioii they could in buying of fpices. I'lieir 
 defign was to pick a quarrel with thefc new comers, 
 that they might at length come to blows : in which 
 cafe they c<iiicludod, they fliould Ik able to dellrov 
 tbem by tlu ir numbers ; in the mean tune, incenfing 
 tlie common people as much as polTible againit tliem. 
 By means of thefe I ubile dealings in the Moors, in three 
 months time there were but two fliips laden with 
 fpices, an'' at dear rates ; althou'^h the Samoriii had 
 promifcd that all the fleet ftiould tic laden in twenty 
 (lays ; and that thry fliould be laden before all Ihang- 
 ers. It was alio difcovered that the Moors bought 
 up Ijiiccs privately, at a lower price than the Portu- 
 guefc could get them for; and (hipped them off' con- 
 trary to an order of the king in favour of the latter. 
 The general being troubled at thefc things, judged 
 they could not happen without the confent of 
 the Samorin 1 for which reafon he fent to expolhilatc 
 with tlic prince, and let him know how little 
 had been performed of all that h.id been promilld liini •, 
 intreating, that as the time for returning to Portugal 
 was now come, that he would caufc liim 'obedif- 
 patchtd without more delay. The Samorin fccmed to 
 be furprifeil and concerned, that the Ihips were ftill 
 unladen. He faid he could not believe that the Moors 
 would offer to difobcy his commands by a clandelline 
 buying of fpecies, and lading their veHcls : but de- 
 clared. If they had deceived him, that he would 
 punifh them for it j and gave the I'ortugucfe leave to 
 fearch their fliips, and take all the fpices they found 
 in them, only paying the price which the Moors gave 
 for them. As the Moors waited for an occafion to 
 quarrel with the Portuguele, they thought this a very 
 fit one. Immcdiatrly one of the principal .imoiig 
 them, began to lade his (hip opeiiiv i and the better 
 to fuccecd in his fchcme, got fome Moors and gentiles, 
 whom the faiftor took for his friend«, to pcrfuadc him, 
 that if he did not fend to fcisc the lame, he would iie- 
 b 
 
 
 viT be f.ble to Ireight the fleet. Corrfa B'*''H? ''^'d'' 
 to wh.it ihey told him, lent to delire the geiiei.il lo 
 take ihi' (li:p: but he, appnluiifu e thai it wnuUl 
 came the .Moors to rile a^:.unlt the fai^tuiy, a<gutil 
 ;i;;iiiilJ II i Coma preli'ed a;:;aiii, and Cabr.il ilevlliiid 
 I' a lecoiid time ) but the facloi peifilting in his oppu- 
 lilion, andcn. .iging to anl\Mr foi all dania;',es tint 
 lliould happen on that oer.ilioii, the giner.il, at length, 
 much a.;iinll his will, oiiiIh idtliof Dreeinber, lent 
 word ti> tliole on board the Moolilli (liip, that they 
 mull inll.intly depait, bv virtue of tlv milli..' iiy he 
 had from the Samorin. I I,'. Moois ni.:i\iiig lli>,htof 
 ihe yaieral's coniniands, he next day It nt all his boatii 
 to biing thelliip iiii.>ihe h.irbour. (his being known 
 to the iVloors on fliore, tbiy immediately role in a iii- 
 inulluous m.inner, and alter incenfini; the rabble, 
 repiiiedto th.' pal.ice, where, the better toyaiii thu 
 k'ligovcr to Iheir lide, they alledged th.it the I'oitu- 
 i;uele h .d jrotien a niiieh greatei i|iiamity of IpiccJ 
 ,iiid .Imi's than they had ; yet, that not conieiit witli 
 ilu i.iri^er lli.ire, they, like thieves and pir.ite«, woiilj 
 meds run away with all ; intreating th.it ihey might 
 have libirty to take latisfaetinn for the injurv. I Im 
 inconllant kmggranted them their leiguelt ; and ihe re- 
 vcngelul .Moors h ilK ned back to all'ault the fadlmy. It ti^j fj.q^rf 
 was encomp..ru'd with a \vall ten feet high, and in it tiLiuluil, 
 were feventy men, inelud;n_' the friars ; but among 
 tliem all, there were only ei.'Iit brals bows, belidef 
 their I'woids. The lirfl paity of the Moors tli.lt ad- 
 v.uieid w.'i : fo lew that the I'mtuguele took thtin 
 tor a paie.l "f lu-i'i, and refolved to deUnd the gaiei 
 of th'.- factory \\ itii ilieir cloaks and i.ijiirrs ; but iheir- 
 Minihnvj increafed lo fall, and they (; di.d the defend- 
 ants !o much with their arrows ami ipears tliav, after 
 lolin r f\ve men, they fliut the gates wiili no fm.dl dil-- 
 (ieulty, and betook themlelves to the v»'.ills vMih their 
 brafs bo«s ; but Correa perceiv iiig ilieir numbers to 
 amount, in a tittle time, to four thoufand, w'th feveral 
 navies amongll them, and that it w:'s in jiolhlde to 
 holdout long againli fucli a force without aid from 
 the (hips, lt..t up a flagon the top of the failtory to 
 givcnoticeof their dillrcfs. The giner.l beiin; fiek 
 in bed, and unable toaflill them in perlon, lent Sanchu 
 de Toar with all the boats, am! v. hat men tliev had; 
 but linding the enemy lb numerous, he would not ven- 
 ture to land, nor even go too near the lliore, for 
 fear they (hould fend out their velleU to take 
 him. — Many of the beficged being wounded with the 
 Ijiears and arrows, which (howeied on tliem as thick 
 as hail i and feeing the Moors preparing huge engines 
 to batter down the walls, they refolved to i|uit the 
 faiilory by a door that opened to the.water-fide, hoping 
 to fave themfelves by the boats, but the enemy prefl- 
 ing them clofe, and the boats not advancing, only 
 twenty efcapcd, though not unwounded ; all the lelt 
 being either taken or killed : among the latter wan 
 Ayres Correa i but his fon Antonio, (who afterwards 
 acquired great reputation bv his ailions in India) got 
 oft", being then only eleven years of age. The nier- 
 chandifc that was feized on this occafion, amoiintej 
 to 4CC0 ducats, and of the men that were then pri- 
 foners, four died of their wounds. 
 
 Tile general was greatly concerned at this difaflor, 
 and finding that the Samorin fent no apology for what 
 had happened, it was refolved to take re\engc imme- 
 diately, that he mi^lit not have time to prev.iit it, by 
 arming his fleet. Hereupon Cabral gave orders to at- 
 tack ten large fhips tliat lay in the harbour. After 
 fome rcfiflance, they were taken. Six hundred of the 
 men were either killed or drowned ) thole who re- 
 mained alive were kept to ferve as failors. in the 
 (hip.'i were found fpices, and other mercliandifes, 
 with three elephants, which were killed and faltcd 
 for provifions. The goods being taken out, the vcf- 
 fels were burnt in fight of crowds of Moors on the 
 (hore, and, in the almadias, which came out to fuc- 
 cour their friends, but were foon repulfed with lofs. 
 Thcgcncral, not thinkiiio this fufficient, ordered his 
 (hips in the night to fprcad, and advance as near the 
 (hore as poflible, with their boats before them ; at 
 
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 23 WIST MAIN STRUT 
 
 WSBSTER, N.Y. 14S80 
 
 (716) 872-4503 
 
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2-i 
 
 PORTUGUESE VOYAOKS. 
 
 1500 
 
 C..J„u 
 
 brcik cf <l.iy. tlie nnlnance began to play upon thr 
 town, wliicK tliti i;rcat damage both aniong the houft^ 
 and inli:il)itanl«, who crowded to avoid ur repel the 
 danger, and fell thick every thot. Several ofthelem- 
 plc> were dcmoliflied, with part of the king's palace, 
 •nd the terror was (0 great among the citizen;:, that 
 the Sunioriii himfcir iird, who narrowly cl'capcd a 
 bullet, (from the boats) a nayrc being killed Jull be- 
 hind him. Towards evening they gave over the can- 
 nonade, to foltow two large }hip5, which (on fight of 
 what was doinp, as they were making into the port) 
 flvd to P.indcranc, w here tlicro were five more at an- 
 chor, but not being able to get 'tear them, the general 
 purfucd his voyage to Cochin, \\ here it was rcfolved 
 Id fettle a fndiiry, and took two AfoorifTi (hips in his 
 palTage, which lie burned, after taking out thuir car- 
 goes of rice, he arrived at that citv the 23th of Oc- 
 ecmbtr. Cochin is the capital of a kinnJom of the 
 fame name, 19 leagues Ibuth of Calicut, it Hands 
 upon a river, is vcrv ftrong, and has a I'afe and a ra- 
 p.ic:iius port i the land about it is low, and divided 
 into many iflanilt. Ir is built after the manner of 
 (.'.ilirut, and inhabiicd bv Cientilcs and M<x>rs, who 
 can.e troin fundry parts to traile. There were 'wo, 
 each of whom had filiv Ihips. Provifions arc noi 
 plentiful i but there is pepper enough, moft of that 
 which is at Calicut being brought from hence; yet 
 the greater relort ol merchants being at this latter 
 place, makes it the richer of the two. The country 
 beingof nogrtat e\t(iit, and the king not inlitled to 
 coin moncv, he was therefore but poor, iiefldes, he was 
 I'ubjeLt to the Saiiiorin, who on his aeceflion to the 
 throne, went to Cochin, and difpofed of the crown as 
 lie tliou^t fit. He was alio obliged to aflilt the king of 
 Calicut in all his wars, and to be of the fame re- 
 ligion. 
 
 The general having caft anchor, fent a Gentile 
 convert, called Michael Joghi, to the king to inform 
 him of his coming, of what he had done at Calicut, 
 and of his dcfire to trade to his port, w ith either mer- 
 chandife or ready money. The king, (whole name 
 was Trimumpara) left it to his own choice, and let 
 him know that he might fend whom he would to 
 land fur that purpofc ; difpatching, at the fame 
 time, two of his principal nayres .>5 hoftagcs, on con- 
 dition, that licfliould change them everyday, becaufe, 
 if they once ate on (hip board, they never appeared in 
 his prcfencc any more. The (jeniral pleafcd with 
 this hopeful beginning appointed Gonzalo Gil Bar- 
 bofa, for faiflor: and fent with him a clerk, aninter- 
 pret'T, and four banilhed men, as fervaiits. 'I'he king 
 fent the regifter of the citv, and feveral nobles to re- 
 ceive the (actor and bring him to court. Hne they 
 found nothing of that (late which thcv law at Calicut. 
 The prince was but meanly clad, and his court had 
 nothing but bare walls, with certain feats round 
 them, railed or boxed in like a theatre, in one of 
 which Trimumpara fat. The fadlor being introduced, 
 offered the prefent from the general, which confilled 
 of a filvcr brtfiin, for walhing hands, full of falfron, 
 a large filvcr ewer, tilled with rofe water, and fomc 
 braiK hes of coral. 'Jhe king received them with plea- 
 fure, returning the general thanks, and after he had 
 talked a while with the fa>3or, ordered them to be well 
 lodged. The general would not Venture more men 
 on Store, for If ar of ftich an accident as happened at 
 Calicut, but the event fliewed there was tio reafon for 
 dillnill, for by the kind ufage the I'ortuguefc met 
 with, by the difpatch that \r;,s made in lading their 
 (hip«, and the willinjnefs with which the natives af- 
 filed them on all oceafions, it plainly appeared, that 
 Trimumpara was a prince of an honclt difpofition, 
 and that thtir ililTering with the Samorin, was thebc(i 
 fortune tliat could have attended them. 
 
 The (liips being laden, and the general on (hore, 
 there came two Indian chridiant from Crangalor, or 
 Craiiganor, a city near Cochin, who were brothers, 
 (one of them named Jofeph) and dcfirous to go to Por- 
 tugal, wiih adcfiL'ii to vi(it Rome and Jenil'alem. Ca- 
 fcral alked 'hem whether the place they came from was 
 
 inhabited foltly by ChriDians .' ji..l, \\K.tl-.e; il.cv i.-. 
 longed to the iJitek or Latin churtli? (Jne of tliem 
 anlwered,Thal the inhabitants werea mixture of Gen- 
 tiles, ChriKians, Jews, and ftranj-ers, who were n.er- 
 chants of Syria, hgypt, Perfia, and Arabia ; that tiK 
 chriftians paid [he king tribute, and dwelt in a part ol 
 the city by theinfelve:. t that they had a church 111 
 which they had erodes, but no. im-,iges or bells, (but 
 the prielU in calling the peoolc to prayers, iibleived 
 the Older of the (Jrceks.) 'I'hat they h.id their pope-.-, 
 under whom were twelve cardinaUv and two patri- 
 archs, with many t>i(hops and archbiHiops, who all 
 refided in Armenia : thither he laid went the bilhops of 
 Cranganor to receive their dignity, and added he had 
 been there to be ordained prielt by the pope ( that the 
 fame method wasobfervcd by all the cler;!y within hii 
 jurildidion, which extended over India aiid Chatjy j 
 that the tw o patriarchs refided in thofetwo prm iiice?» 
 and the bidiops were dif|K:rfed in the cities belonging 
 to them I that iheir pope was called Catholicos, and 
 their toiifure was made in the form of a cioff. '1 i;iy 
 wcie both admitted on board. — After this there can « 
 two med'engers from the kings of Canaiior and Coe- 
 lan, inviting Cabial to their" harbour, and promifmg 
 himfpicescheap-rilian he could have at Cochin. '1 i.c 
 p;e;ieial returned tliem thanks and excufid hinifrlf 
 trom going, in regard he was already Lulcn : but pre- 
 milcd to vifit them on his return to India. He had 
 fcarcely taken in his car^o, when twenty-fiic great 
 fllips, b.diles fmaller vtlfels, appeared on the liult. 
 The King of Cochin bcinj; iiiioimid of their defi;,ii, 
 immediately lent the general word, that they came in 
 purpofc to feek him out, and had 15,000 I'olJiers (ii 
 board : o(rering, at the fame time, to affill liiiii witii 
 what he wantt'd. Cabral returned thanks, but (aid, 
 he (liould be.ible, with the few he had, to make them 
 repent their errand. The general obferving that they 
 hovered about, and did not venture within a league ot" 
 his fleet, weighs d anchor, and went out againft them : 
 but a dorm aniing, and the wind (hi.ting contrary, he 
 was obliged to return. 
 
 On the next d.iy, the loth cf January, the winti 
 proving very fair, the general piepaicd to move to- 
 wards the enemy 1 but milling Sanelio de Toar's 
 (hip, which was the fecond in fize, and bcft provided 
 with men, he thought fit to change his refolu- 
 tion, and make the bed of his way home. Hewa* 
 followed all day by the Calicut fleet, which at night 
 left him. This accident prevented him from return- 
 ing to Cochin, as he had propofed, to let on Ihorc tin 
 nayres, hollages ; w ho, after five days fading, were re- 
 conciled to eat on board, by the general's good- words. 
 On the fifteenth they anchored" before Cananor, -^i 
 leagues to the north of Cochin. 'Ibis city is veiy 
 large. 'I'he houfes are of earth, and covered wiili 
 flates. 'i'here is a fine bay before it. The country 
 produces plenty of ginger, cardamons, tamarinds, 
 mirabolans, cadia, and the like 1 but no more pepper 
 than is conlumed in the country. The Moors drove 
 here a great trade. The pools, near the city, brei'd ali- 
 gators. Hcrcareadders likewile fo poifonous, that they 
 were fuppofed to kill men with their breath, and bats a> 
 large as kites, the head being like that of a fox : they are 
 very good to eat : provilions are plenty. The king was 
 a Uramin, and one of the three independent princes 
 of Malabar, but not fo rich as either the y i.-.ce of 
 Calicut or Coulan. Here the general took in 400 
 quintals of cinnamon : and it being judged, that ilie 
 reafon why he did not buy more, was for want of mo- 
 ney, the king lent to tell him, he might have what 
 he would on trud. This generous ofl?r Cabral ile- 
 clincd with thanks ; and took on board an ambad'adur, 
 fent by the king to cultivate KrieiidOiip with the court 
 of Portugal. Afterwards he departed, making his way 
 acrofs the gulph, lying between India and Africa : 
 about the middle of which, on the thirty-fird of Ja- 
 nuary, he took a great merchant-fliip ; but finding it 
 bflonged :-> the king of Cambaya, let it go again, 
 finding woid that the defign of his coming to India 
 was not to make war with any of the princes btlong- 
 7 «ng 
 
TO THE EAST INDIES. 
 
 «73 
 
 ing to it, though hv h.id hccn forced to it by the S.imo- 
 rin's brcacii ot peace. FIc took nothing out ol' the 
 flii|> but a pilot, to conduct him through the gull. 
 Being arrived ne.ir the African coalt, the 12th of 
 February a Itorni fuddeiily aroli-, by whicli in ttie 
 night, the flilp uf Sancho dc I'oar was driven on 
 fliore, :uiii taking Hre was burnt ; but all the men 
 were favcd. J-'olliiwing their couric in this tempciJ, 
 they pallid by Melinda, not being able to put in there, 
 nor at any other place upon the coalt, till they came 
 toiMiizambique, where theycalt anchor in order tu lelit 
 their (hips and take in water. 
 
 Cabral, in the mean lime, fentdcToar to difcover 
 Sofala, and the fleet being in readinefs, I'ome lime af- 
 ter he proceeded on his voyage. Near ihe Cape of 
 (lood Hiipe, they were att.icked by feveral violent 
 ibirms, in which one of the (liips was feparated ; at 
 lalt thiy doubled it the 22d of May, and had favour- 
 able weather till they came to Cape Vcrd, where they 
 
 i.iet with I)ie_!^o Diaz, who li.iving hern f pnrn'rd 
 from the fleet in its way to the liulies, wasdrivtii into 
 the Red fea, where he loll hi boat and moll ni his 
 men, by lickncl's and w.iiit ol prcn ilioiH. 1 lie pilot 
 not venturing to carry him to Indi.i, he returned to- 
 wards I'onugal, with imlv liven men on hoaid ; who, 
 after quimnjx the Arabic gulf, grew llrong and able 
 to manage the tackle. 
 
 'Ihe general finding there came no more fliips, . Im- 
 parted for Lifbon, where hcairivedthe jilt of July, 
 1501. He was lolUnved in a fe.vdavsby iIr- ihip 
 which feparated from him at the Cape of Cio'il Hnpi-, 
 ;.iul after that came indc I'oar, « liobr>jiii'lil.;iiaeei>uiit 
 that Sufala was a linall iflaiid, elol'u to tiK' eontiiu nr, 
 inhabited by Calfris; th : ''e .loois Iron Indii 
 traded there for gold, wlieK. : re were minis up the 
 country. Of llie twelve flilps that weiitoutof I'or- 
 tu;jal, only fix returned, the other fix btiiig never 
 heard of mure. 
 
 150U 
 
 THE VOYAGE OF JUAN DE NUEVA. 
 
 in 
 
 Nucva 
 
 BEFORE Cabral returned, the king of Portu- 
 gal in the month of March 1501, lent another 
 fleet to India ; but as he imagined the contention be- 
 gun in the firll voyage at Calient was at an end, and 
 thai a trade had been fettled there by Cabral as well as 
 at (^liloa and Sofala, he thought fit to fend no more 
 than three fliips and a caraval, with only 400 men in 
 tliem, two carrying mcrchandife to Sofala, and two 
 to Calicut. He appointed Juan dc Nueva general, 
 [admiral] of this fleet a native of (iaiicia, and an 
 experienced leainan. Mis inllructions were to touch 
 at San Bias, and, in cafe he milled any of his flops, 
 to IV., it there lor tlicin ten days, and after which he 
 was to proceed to Sofala, and if a factory was not al- 
 ready ellahlifli'd, he was to fettle one if poflible. 
 Then he was to call at Q^iiloa, and thence fail over 
 to Calicut i where if he found Cabral, he Ihoiild 
 acknowledge him as !;cnera1, and get him to cflahllfh 
 a factorv at Sofala on his return, in cal'c his own at- 
 tempt fliould pnnc ill vain. IJe Nueva (having dil- 
 coveied tiie illaiid of Conception in tight degrees louth 
 latitude) got laf.- to San Bias (beyond the Cape of 
 (r.iiKl Hiv-) >\here in an old (hoe was found a letter 
 Wiilten by I'edro dc .\tayde, before-nientioiied, whii h 
 gave an account how matters Hood at dlicut, Co- 
 chin and Cananor. Concluding, upon this, that it 
 was not proper to leave the caraval at Sofala, having 
 but fi-w men, they pall'id on ; and in Augull arrived 
 at Mw^ambiijue, then at Q^iiloa, having tound an 
 illand, whicli, from the tommaiider, was called 
 it Jmnilc Juan de Nueva. At .Melinda, the king informed them 
 ot what had paflld In India, as the banilhed man had 
 done at Quiloa. Not far from the former they chaced 
 two great (hips, and took and burned one of them. 
 From thence they ciolTed the gulf to Anchcclivia, 
 where they arrived in Novemlwr ; and while they 
 Hayed to take in water, feven large fliips of Cambaya 
 paU'id by, in their way to the Iheights of Mecca ; 
 but not caring to engage did not Ifop. The fleet be- 
 ing come to anchor, the general had a conference 
 with the king, whopien'ed him to leave his fliips there : 
 but De Nueva, defirous firft to talk to the factor at 
 Cochin, declined that offer. <-)n his way thither, he 
 took a Ihip belonging to the Moors of Calicut, after 
 a vigorous defence, and cauled it tobe burned. Be- 
 ing arrived at Cochin, the faftory, with the reft of 
 the company, came on board, and acquainted him, 
 that the king was greatly ort'endcd with Cabral, for 
 leaving the port without lecing him, and carrying 
 away the hoftages ; that, notwithifanding, they were 
 all kindly entertained, thai at night they were lodged 
 Vol. I. N' 24. 
 
 in thcpabre ; and if in the day anyof them wcntabroad, 
 they had nayres to attend them; obferviii!; that this 
 care was taken by the kin'^ to ilefend rlioin from the 
 i\tojrs, who had one night let fire to their houfe. 
 He alio told the general that tiny had prejudiced 
 ihe merchants of the country fo much againit the 
 Portuguefe commodities, that they would not take 
 them in exchange for thole of India, ohferving withal, 
 that if he had not brought money, they would not 
 part with their fpices. This havin'^ been the ceneral's 
 cafe, he returned immediately to Cananor ; but mo- 
 ney being required there as well as at Coehiii, and it 
 coming to the king's car, tliat he had bro«:;ht none, 
 that prince, rather tlian he fhould return with empty 
 (hi|is, was fo generous as to become l:is leeurity for 
 1000 quintals of ptpper, 50 of ginger, and 450 of 
 cinnamon, befidcs I'ome linen cloth, till the factor, 
 whom ho left at Cananor, with two clerks, lliould 
 fell the mcrchandife put into his tudody. Afie. the 
 lading was taken in, on th; t^A\ of D.cembe:, tie 
 king lent him word, that above eighty praws appeared 
 to the northward, lint by the Sanii rin toattacic him j 
 and advifed him to land with his nun and ordiiai c. 
 The general fent to thank th.- kine, but let him know 
 withal, that he did not fear to meet his eneniv by lea. 
 Next morning, by day-break, about one hundred 
 fliips and praws full of Moors, entered the bay. As 
 fooii as the general perceived them, he removed into 
 the middle of it, and ordered his fliips fo pour in 
 their fliot upon the enemy without intermilliijii ; by 
 which means they durft not approach to lav the Por- 
 tuguefe on board, and having brought no ordnance 
 with them, they could do their foes 110 harm at a di- 
 flance. 
 
 It w.is to this want of cannon, doubtlefv, that the 
 Portuguefe owed their fafety, and boldncls to face 
 them lij long. Having (lain inany of the Moors, and 
 funk feveral of their veHe-ls, without a man hiing hurt 
 on their fide, the enemy towards evening hung out a 
 fl.ag. The general at firft fuppofing it to be I'ome 
 artifice, continued his fire : but perceiving they did 
 not take their fl.ig down, and moll of his ordnanfe 
 being burft with (hooting, at length gave over, and 
 ani'wered them with another flag. Whereupon a 
 Moor was fent in a fmall boat to defire a truce till 
 next day, which was granted, on condition that they 
 fliould quit the harbour and put out to lea, which they 
 did. At the fame time the general quitted his flatioii 
 alfo, and came to anchor near them ; but finding in 
 the night that the enemy came in their boats with an 
 intent, as was fuppofed, to fire his fliips, he removed 
 4 ** farther 
 
!«:4 
 
 PORTUGUESE VOYAGES 
 
 1502 farther off"; and a« ihry dill followed him, he ordered ' 
 » ' a gun til be fliot at them, on which they retaatcd, 
 and ftood away for Calicut. — IX- Nueva immediately 
 alter this, tnok his leave iil' the king of Canajior, and 
 fct fail f»r 1'oitiig.il, where he arrivcti fafely with all 
 hit (hips. Al'iet hit departure, there came to Cana- 
 
 noroneof hi$ men who had licen taken jwifuntr M 
 Caliitit, and w.ii fent by the Samoria tocxtul.! what 
 had been done both to him and the forirnr pciier.4 
 Pedro Alvarez Cabrjl, offering toLidr hi>i (hil>s, if he 
 would come ii> C:ilicut, and gi»e him luflicroit 
 pledge* for hit licurity. 
 
 THE SECOND VOYAGE OF VASQUEZ DE G A M A. 
 
 THE reader has already had an account of the 
 titil voya^ of Vafquez de Gamn, aiul proper 
 rcafons were alfigned for deferring the relation of the 
 fi'cond, which nuw comes in according to the rule 
 that we prcfcribed ourftlves.— — < 
 
 As it appeared from Cahral's account that it would 
 be n(.'ce<rary to apply force in India, or quit the at- 
 tempt uf cftablilhing a fettlemcnt there, the king 
 fent out three fquadrons, in March, iso2i the firii 
 of ten (hips, commanded hy Vafquez de Ciama, now on 
 his fcconil voyage. The (econd of (ive (liips, under 
 Vincent Sodrc, which was to range the coalt uf Co- 
 chin and Cananor, and hinder the Moors (that is the 
 'I'urksand Arabs) from trading in the Indies by w.itcli- 
 ing the mouth of the red fea. 'I'hc third was under Ste- 
 phen deG>>ma, but all were fubordinate to Vafquez. 
 The whole confiAcd of twenty (hips; and they were 
 gone before Juan de Nueva arrived. — The command 
 of this fleet was (irft conferred on Pedro Alvarez de 
 Cabral : but on farther confidcratiun, it was given to 
 V-ifqucz de Gama to whom thi- king delivered the flag 
 with great honour, in the cathedral church, giving 
 him the title of Admiral of the Eallern Seas. With 
 him returned the ambafladors of Cochin and Cananor, 
 who had been much honoured hy his Portugucfe 
 mujefty. The two firll fquadrc<ns departed in March ; 
 the fccnnd, not till the firit of May. Don Vafquez 
 off Cape Verd met with a car.ival bound for Lilbon, 
 with much gold from La Mina, fume of which he 
 (hewed to the amhaliadors, and thiy, furprized, laid, it 
 did not agree with the account the Venetian ambad'ador 
 in Portugal, had given them, viz. that the Portu- 
 gucfe without the hrip of Venicr, could licarcely put 
 ihips to fea. This was fpoken out nfinvv, bttaufe 
 they were like to lofe their trade with India by way 
 of Egypt. 
 
 Having doubled the Cape of Good Hope, and 
 pafTcd the currents, Don Vafquez, with four of the 
 fmallcft veflcls, ftruck off for Sofala, and fent the 
 reft of the fleet before him to Mozambique. He went 
 purfuant to the king's orders, not only to obferve the 
 iituation of that city, and fee if there was a conveni- 
 ent place. for building a fort, but alfa to infpc^t the 
 {;old of the country. He made friend(hip with the 
 kin^r, and obtained leave to fettle a factory : after 
 which, mutual prefents pafl'cd between them. Hav- 
 ing (p It twenty-five days in this tranfat^ion, he 
 di'|\i"ed, and in turning out of the river, loft one of 
 his fhip'., -but favcd the men. 
 
 Having reached Mozambique, he m.idc friendfliip 
 with the kini:, who was fo averfe to it in his firft voy, 
 age; .ind ohfaiiad leave la fettle a faflory : the whole 
 intent whereof was, to provide viftuatling for the 
 Por'ugUffc fleet:- which (hould touch there in their 
 voyag cither jioing or coming. From hence depart- 
 ini', he «rrive<l at Qiiiloa, the twelfth of July, with 
 a icliiliition to force the king to become tributary for 
 Ills ill ui'agi* to Cabral. As foon as he came to an- 
 ciior, Ibrahim, more through fear than any thing 
 elfe, paid him a vini on (hip-board, Don Vafquez 
 knowinii; that he was not tobe tru(Kxl, and having him 
 in his 1 ower, without farther ceremony, threatened 
 to cor>li,j<: him under the hatcheii uoleft he immediately 
 
 agreed to pay his mafter tribute. — The captive piinoe 
 proniili'd .tooe miticds of gold yearly ; .ind t-an- for 
 pledge one Mahomet, a wealthy Moor, w hum he 
 mortally hated, in order to get iid ul him. lui the 
 moment Ibrahim got back to (^iiloa, h'.- rUiifed ta 
 perform hit agreement; not lu much to five the 
 money, as to provoke 'he general to kill hiv f eurity. 
 But the Moor finding the tribute came not, ihotight 
 lit to pay the fum hinifelf, and was relialed. Here 
 Stephen de(>ama joined the general with his Hiet, 
 and both togeth.r pmci-cded on their vojage. He wa* 
 put by Mclinda, and forced to water eight leagues 
 beyond it in a bay, whence fprcading his lleet, that 
 no (hip might efcape him, he took kveral ) but wai 
 moft fevere upon tliuf. uf Calicut.-^— Being arrived 
 on the coaft uf .India, near Mount Deli, to the north 
 of Cananor, hemet a fliip of great bulk, called the 
 Mars, belonging to the Sultan of Egypt, which was 
 very richly laden, and full of Moors of quality, 
 who were going on pilgrimage to Mecca, This (hip 
 being taken, after a vigorous refiftance, the nenera( 
 went on board ; and fending for the principal Moors, 
 ordered them to proilucc luch nierchandili-s as they 
 had i threatening, otherwife to have them throwo 
 into the fea. 'J'hey pretended nil their efFuSs were 
 at Calicut : but one- of them having been flung 
 over-board, bound hand and foot, the reft, through 
 fear, delivered their goods. All the children we.'c 
 carried into the general's fliip, and the remainder of 
 theplunder wasgiven to the failors. After which, Ste- 
 phen de Gama, by Don Vafqucz's order, lit fire to 
 the veffel. IJut the Moors having broken up the 
 hatches under which they were confined, and 
 quenched the flames with the water that was in the 
 Ihip, Stephen was commanded to lay them aboard. 
 The Moors being made defperate with the apprehen- 
 fion of their danger, received him with great refo- 
 lution i and even attempted to burn the other (hi]>s. 
 As night came on, he was obliged to defift without 
 doing his work : but the general gave orders that 
 the veffel (hould be watched that ilir naffengers might 
 not, by favour of tht darknefs, efcape to land which 
 was near. All night long, the unhappy Moors 
 called on their prophet to help them. In the morning 
 Stephen de Gama w.is fent to execute hit former 
 orders. He boarded the (hip, and fetting fire to it 
 drove the Moors into the poop, who ftill defeiMled 
 themfelves i fur fome of the failors would not leave 
 the veffel till it was half burnt, many of the Moors 
 when they faw the flames ajiproaeh them, leaped into 
 the fea with hatchets in their hands, and I'wimming, 
 fought their purfuers ; fome even made ti;i to and 
 attacked the boats, doing much hurt : howe\er, molt 
 of them were at length /fain ; and all thofe droA-ned 
 who remained in the (hip, which foon after funk, fo 
 that of three hundred perfons, among whom were 
 thirty women, not one efcaped the fire, fword, or 
 water. A terrible inftancc of barbarity exercifed by 
 men calling themfelves chriftians. The general being 
 come to Cananor, fent to acquaint thekinghcdefircd 
 to f[)cak with him. I'"or this piirpofe a womlen bridf^ 
 was made, which entered a good way into the water, 
 this was covered with carpets j and at the end towards 
 
 land 
 
TO THE EAST INDIES. 
 
 ?'i 
 
 land a houre of wood was (et up rurniflicd a\(n with 
 carpt'tM. The king arrived ftrO atu-ndcd by 10,000 
 jiayreii ihc trumjKl^ lnumling, and utliiT inllrumenti 
 playing before him. Soon nficr ihr general caim- accom- 
 |unicd with .ill the boatxjf the llcttfurnilhcd with llagi, 
 niufical ijilltiiincntf, ami ordnance, under the drl- 
 charge of which In landed. There were carrietl before 
 him t«o large filver bafons gilt, to wafti in, covered 
 with pllCv■^ of coral and other things elleemcd in the 
 Indie*, lie was received at the head uf the bridge by 
 fcveral nayrei, placed there for the purpofe, and the 
 king came to the door of the houie to meet him, 
 where that prince embraced him, and then they 
 walked in towlher to the room of audience, where 
 there were placed two chairs, on one of which the 
 kill); (at down, though contrary to the ciiftom of the 
 Indians, in refpecl tothe ccncral. At this interview, 
 « treaty of friendfliip and commerce was concluiie J, 
 and a faitory granted at Cananor, in confcqiience of 
 which, the general laded fome uf his (hips, and then 
 departed for Calicut. 
 
 When Ciama arrived in the harbour, he took feveral 
 praws, with about lifty Malubars in them, before it 
 WIS known who he was : but forbore all hollilitics 
 againft the city, to feu if the king would take any 
 notice of him. In fonic time there came a boat on 
 board, carrying a (la(; with a Krancifciu Kiiar, 
 uhiiin, at firit figlit, they took for one of thofc left 
 with Avrcs Correa. On emerinc the ftiip, he faid 
 Deo gratias ; and then they dilcnvered he was a 
 Moor. He made an apolo^>y for uoming in that dif- 
 guifc, which it feenis, he put on the more eafily to Ik- 
 admitted ; being fcnt with a med'agc from the 
 S.irnorin to the gener.il, about fettling a trade at 
 Calicut. Uama':. anfwcr was, that he fliould 
 not talk of any fuch matter, till the king had made 
 hin> falisfa£li«n for the goods that were in the fai^tory, 
 when he coiifcntcd to the death of Correa and the 
 i.fl. 
 
 ■J'hrce days were fpent in melTagcs backwards 
 and forwards without any cffeU : when the general 
 roiiceivi .g the drift was only to delay time, fent 
 the Samorin word, that he would wait for his final 
 anfwer no longer than noon ; and in cafe in that time 
 he did not comply with his demands, lie would m^ikc 
 cruel war on him with Hrc and fword, and would 
 (H'gin with thofe of his I'ubjeAs whom he had taken 
 piifoiierc. On this occafioii, he called for an hour- 
 plaf-. ; and told the Moor who carried the meiVage, 
 that as fooii as it had run out fo many times, 
 lie wuld infallibly put his threats in exerution. 
 T'he Samorin influenced by the Moors fcnt no 
 anfwer; therefore when the time was expired, 
 Dc (iaina ordered a gun to be ftiot oft', which Wus 
 the figiial for his Captains to hang the poor Malabars 
 who »rrc diftiihuted aboard their Ihips, when dcld, 
 he ordered their feet and hands (0 he cut ufT, and fent 
 in a praw guarded by two armed boatv, with a letter 
 for the Sanorin, written in Arabic ; giving him to 
 undcrflrfnd that in fuch manner he propoled to reward 
 him for his rcjM-ated breaches of iaith and deceitful 
 dealings ; and that for the kiiij; his mailer's goods, 
 he would recover them an hundred fold. 1 ncn he 
 ordered three thips to advance as near the fliore as 
 |>ofliblc in the night, and the next morning their 
 ordnance was played without intermillion upon the 
 city whereby many of the houfes were demoliftied, 
 and among the rell the king's palace. This done, 
 he departed for Cochin, leaving Vincent Sodi^ with 
 fix ihips, to ftiiur the coalls, and obllriicl the 
 
 Moorilh trade. A« foon as Gnma entered the 
 
 harbour of Cochin, Trimumpara fent hoilages on 
 buard and came in pcrfon to meet him on land. At 
 this interview DeGama delivered him king Emanuel's 
 letter and prefent. The letter imported thanks for 
 the kind treatment Cabi al had met with, and confent 
 for fettling a failory at Cochin, The prefent eon- 
 fifted of a crown of gold, thick fet with jewels ; 
 a gold collar enamelled, two filver fountains wrought, 
 two pieces of hgiircd atras, a coiUy pavilion, and a 
 7 . 
 
 piece of crimfon fattin, and another of fendal ) I'l i- 
 mumpara received it with pUalure and the p.ivilion 
 beinj; fet up to Ihe.v the iik of 11, a l.iriher lu iiy of 
 peace was cone I uli-d within ii. The king all'og.v.u 
 a houfc for the f":'. irv, and liitlcd the rates at whuli 
 fpices were to l,- i.eliverid. This .i;;refnielit w.iS 
 reduced to writing, and ligmd hv Trimumiinra who 
 fent the king oi I'ortug.il the following; prefint : two 
 gold braeelcts, fet with precious Hones, a f.i(h lor the 
 hc.id, ufed by the .MiKirs, of hlvet tilfii ■, tw > y;;riis 
 and a hall in length, two great pieces of fuie liuiual 
 Ciillico, and a (lone as hi^ as a walnut npiMtnl to be 
 good again!) puifoiis, and faid to be takin out of the 
 head ot a beall, called in the Indies Bul^uljolf, and 
 very rare to he found. 
 
 VVhile (janvi's Ihip was lading, a nnflenjcr came 
 from the S;iniorin to ac(|uaint him that il he niailJ 
 return to Calient, all his goods (hnuld be rrllored 
 him, and a trade granted, the general ordered the 
 mcdiMger to be confined, in order to pniiilh him, if 
 the Samorin proved deceitful. And .ig inft the advice 
 of all his Captains, determined to go alone to 
 Calicut, fayiii;^, that in cati; of neceflity he would 
 retreat to Sodre's fquadron, which hovered on that 
 cnaft. On his arrival in the road, the Samorin fent 
 him word, that next day eury thing ftiould he con- 
 cluded: but a> foon as he underllooiT that the general 
 had left the reft of his lliips behind, heoidered thirty- 
 four praws to go out and tai^e liim. 1 hcv fet upon 
 (Jama's (hip fo fuddenly, that to efcape ihem he was 
 obliged to cut one of his cables, and (land out to fea, 
 fir all this they did not give over the purluit, but 
 followed him lo clofe, that he muft injallibly have 
 been taken but for Sodre'^ Ships, on fight whereof, 
 the praws made oft'. At his return to Cochin he 
 ordered the mcll'engcr to be hanged. The Samorin 
 wa:i much concerned at this; but finding he laid his 
 fnares in vain, to take Gama, he relolveJ to try 
 whether he could pcrfuade the king of Cochin to deny 
 the Portuguefe a liberty of trading in his ports, witli 
 this view ne wrote him a letter, wherein he called the 
 I'ortuguefe, robbers, reprefenting the danger that 
 might attend entertainini; fuch guclts, and the dil°- 
 plcafurc it gave him. trimumpara anfwered, that 
 fince they brought money to lay out in his country, 
 it was his interell to encourage them : and that the 
 Samorin vtould not be willini;, at his requeft, to 
 prohibit the Mours of Mecca from trading to Calicut. 
 The Samorin replied, that he was forry to find the 
 king of Cochin preferred the friendlhip of chriftian 
 ftrangers to his, and took |)ai't with his enemies | 
 advifing him once more to abandon them, as \\a 
 tendered his own welfare. 
 
 The king of Cochin in his anfwer let the Sa. 
 morin know, that he did not value his thrcatning, 
 and that he (hould never, through fear of the con(c- 
 quence be induced to do a bafe or perfidious ai^ion. 
 'rhe Samorin finding he could not prevail by intreaty, 
 lefolvcd to apply force, as fuun as the Portuguefc 
 were returned homewards. Mean time he commanded 
 twenty-nine large (hips to be fitted out, in order to 
 attack them once more before they left the coaft { 
 imagining, that as the general's fleet was heavy laden, 
 hiswouliTbe better able to deal with it. 
 
 The king of Cochin told Gama nothing of what 
 had pafl'ed between him and the Samorin, till he went 
 to take his leave, at which time, as a fa/ther proof of 
 his integrity, he declared he would haz.ird the lot's of 
 his dominions, to ferve the king of Portugal. The 
 general, with many exprefTtons of gratitude, afTurcd 
 him, that his inaftcr would never forget fo many 
 demonftrations as he had given of friendfhip, and 
 et^aged in his mafter's name, 10 aft'ord him fuch 
 cf^(£tual fuccour, that it would be in his power not 
 only to feoure his own kingdom, but toconquer others ; 
 adding that thence-forward fuch fierce war (hould he 
 carried on againft the Samorin, that far from being 
 able to ;<ttack others, he would have enough to do to 
 defend Kiinfelf, and promil'cd to fend him a fleet of 
 (hips forthwith from Cananor. I'he king wa3 the 
 
 more 
 
 150^ 
 
 1 
 
i^'i V (J R T u t; u E s 
 
 150* morf lOiaful wiili the dccLiraiinii of the ijciieral, as it 
 
 ^ , ^ w.is liiokon Inforc liis lUyrcs i who, in Iriciidlhip t<i 
 
 ih' iVi<Niiv, wi'ii' lurry th^it a t'ai^lory had been granted 
 
 to llll- I'DrtUiMH-ri-. 
 
 I'hi' p'niT.\l li.ivin;; (".liliil from Cochin, about three 
 leagues Irom I'ad.u.ine, ililciieil the Mooriflj tleet be- 
 fore mentioncil, which came to intercept hiiii in his 
 
 |vi(i'.ij;e. lie then immediately bore duwn upon 
 
 ihiin ; and Sodre, with t>ui iithtr e.ipi.rln-, advane- 
 ini; befoie the rell, attacked two of the larj;el> (liips 
 wiih III muchfujv, lliat many of the uk-ii Uapidinto 
 
 the fc.i, to a\oid their weapons. (lama eomiiin 
 
 irp with the rill of the fleet, the remainder of the 
 enemiis vellils made towards (hore as fall as tliey 
 could, nor ftiiild the general fufl'tr his Oiiptto follow 
 them, for fear of iheihoals. Mian while the I'ortu- 
 j;ii. Ic in their hoaf-, flew all the Moors who defended 
 themllhes frtinuiiitif; in the water, to the number of 
 jco pirfonv. In the twofliips tluy found much China 
 ware, lilver \ellels uilt, and oiher rich merchan- 
 dil'e; but what exceeded all the tell, was an image of 
 poM, wei.;liini; thirtv pounds, of amonUious Ihapc : 
 the eves were two en\eialiU ; part of it was lovend 
 with a garment of Inaleii gold, curioufly wrought, 
 and fet with precious Hones. On the btealt ol the 
 idol was a large ruby, which fent forth a moll biil- 
 liant light. 
 
 The goods being taken out, the fliips were burnt, 
 and (Jama proceeding to Canaiior, the king gave him 
 
 F- V O \ A (J 1; S 
 
 a houfe for the ufc of the faclorv, w hich he left therr« 
 confiding of 24 nun, who Wtre to be funiiflied with 
 fpiccs at a fettled price, at Cochin. 'I'he two nation* 
 were to defend each other, and the kine ol Cananor 
 w.is not to ainil any pi:--e againll I'rimump.ira. 
 'rhenCiama ordered Sodi ■ remain on tl'atcoall till 
 February, and if, in tl. mean time, there as any 
 likclihoo<t of war breaking out between the kings ot° 
 Calicut and Cochin, he (hould winter at the latter 
 place i in cafe there was not, he was then to fail for 
 the Ked Sea, and take all fhips. of Mecca, bound (O 
 the Indies. 
 
 On the 70th tif December, CJama departed for 
 Poiiugal, with.ii fliips, and came to Mo/,and)ique, 
 where thiy rchttcd two that were Ir.ikv. At Cape 
 Corienles they were detained by eontiary winds and 
 llornis, which came wiili fiidden l(|iialls. (, una ar- 
 rived :,t Cafcais the full of Siptmiber, where (e- 
 veral noblemen went to receive and accompany him 
 to court. He was preceded bv his page, who carried n 
 filvi r bafon, containing ihe tribute of the kiiigof (^u- 
 loa. II is mailer ga\> hini an honourable iecepti<ui,jultly 
 due to his great lirviees, and madehiiii adiiiiial of the 
 Indian lia-. He conferred (ui him alio the till; 
 ol Ciuiiit of Vi.legueyrj. Six days after came to 
 I.ilbon Sirplun de (lama, whole Ihip had been lipa- 
 rated from th.- rell at Cape Corientes, and in the 
 wav home had loll its main-mail in bad weather. 
 
 Frineirco 
 .Alhur'iviT 
 >nd hu III 
 lull. 
 
 VARIOUS VOYAGES AND TRANSACTIONS OF PACHECO, ALBUR- 
 QLiERQUE, AND OTHER PORTUGUESE ADVENTURERS. 
 
 
 AS the Sainorin envied the advantage which Tri- 
 mun-.para king ol Cochin, made of the I'ortu- 
 giul'e trade, and .< as oll'ended with hiin lor encouraging 
 'he eiitmiisof ihe Moors, whoi.i he fupportcil, wliich 
 might tiidanger the lofj ol the ti.-de if Arabia and 
 Eiiypt, he got ti.gitlicr 5C,cco nun ;it I'anaiii, fixleen 
 Ira^iues f.'om Cochin, and n,.w.:- oth.i preparations for 
 war. I lie people ol Cuiliin fearing logreat a power, 
 were l\.r dilivcriii;; up ihe l'ortUj;uefe to the Saniotin, 
 who d Miaiiileil iv.tlniifMiiore. liut rriiiuimp.ira re- 
 fiilid, and wt/it out a nil three of his nephews and a 
 fni.iU f.ice, to meet the enemy ; at the lirll charge he 
 w.i- fi>rf.ilieii by f.imi' of hii nobles, yet alhlled by the 
 I'l rtii'iuefe, valiantly maintained a pal's, til! hisnc- 
 iihews b-.ing killed, whereof one was geneial, and him- 
 filf wounded, alter lloutly refilling, he was forced to 
 (U, and I'ecure himlelf ill the Ifland Vaipi, near to 
 and more teiialdj than Cochin, whn h the Samoiin 
 took and buriuJ : yet Hill he pcifilled not lodelivcr 
 up the I'ortuguefc. 
 
 Wliilll the people of Cochin were btfiegrd in the 
 ifiand, there faikd from Lilbon nine fliip;, under three 
 ilirt'ereiit cr.nimanders ; the iirll was Alonfo (or Al- 
 phonio) de Alburtjuerquc ; the fecond, p'rancifco de 
 Allniniuirtiuej and the thiid, Antonio de Saldanna. 
 
 Ihe lad were to crui.'e in the mouth of thcRcd 
 
 S'a, fjainll theftiipsof Mecca J ihe others to return 
 with liicir lading. — Krancilcode A Iburiiuerque arrived 
 firll with more Ihipsthan htbiought out, having met 
 with thole- of Vincent Sodre, who was ciuiling upon 
 • th Indian coaft, and diftrelleil by florm, as alti) a 
 vell'el th.t had been feparatid In ni Uoii \'.ifquc/, De 
 (jam:!. Sodre had taken four fliips ot C.iliciii, which 
 lie carried to Cananor, and biirmd leveial Iniall vtf- 
 fels, but this happened bcfoif the invifion of Cochin, 
 to whole kiufi ho had ottered his anillancc, but was 
 not admitted. Therefore failing thence, he touched 
 al Si>e tra and (iiiirdafu, and, on the co.iil of Ara- 
 bia, ti.k fonu mIRIs of Cambayaand C.ilicut. Win- 
 ter coming on, he put fur Ihelter in:o a bay iicii the 
 
 idands Curiamuria, .iiid found the Arabs of that coaft 
 Cilled H.idw'iiis, who lived by their cattle, very traCi- 
 aiile. Alter two months Hay, they adtifed him to 
 feek agi'od harbour, to avoid being call away in the 
 ftjriiT, which arnle about that time. Sodie wouM 
 not credit thim, believing they laid it only to get rid 
 of hmi ; but, when it was too late, found tluyfpoke 
 the truih, heir.g, with his brothir and all the cre«r 
 loll in a luddeii ttmpcll. The other vellels, after be- 
 ing in griat Janger, and liift'ering much through- 
 hunger and thirll, efcaped, and met Krancifco de 
 Alburqikrqu;', with whom they failed to Cochin. — 
 The commandu, immedi.itely on his arrival, lent 
 a prcfent irio the ifland, part whereof was io,ooo 
 ducats. Then going on fhore, I'rimumpara ran ami 
 embraced him, crying, Perlu^all Puti.^iilf which 
 words all the people with great ciies rc|)cated j and the 
 Portugucfe, to return the civility, tried, Coihin f 
 C:ikin ! Krancifco comforted the king, giving him al- 
 lured hopes in the aflidance of his (hips, and the others 
 he expeilei' Not to lofe time, he fell upon thofo 
 who held the ifland of Cochin for the king of Cali- 
 rut, and killing many people, he expelled the rell. 
 Thence he palFed to Vaipi, and rrllored that country 
 to its lawful piince. 'ihe territory of the lord of 
 Rcpeliin, was waded with fire and fword, and onljr 
 four I'ortuguefe loll in thisadlon. 
 
 'ihe joy Trlinumpara received in bcinn reftorcd by 
 the alhllancc of the Portugucfe, moved liim to grant 
 them leave to build a fort in Cochin, 'i'he work was 
 begun when Alphonfoilr Alburi|uerqtie arrived, and it 
 was called the b'ort of St. Jago. A church was like- 
 wife then built, dedicated to St. Hartholomcw. Kive 
 hundred men being put on board fomc vclltrls, taken 
 from the enc-my, they burned Rc|Klim, after a ftout 
 defence made by jooonayirs. Alphonfo, ambitious of 
 performing fome notable exploit by himfelf, advanced 
 againd 4 town, wlinice a multitude of expert hea- 
 thens ilTuing, brought him into gieat danger, whicli 
 was iiic;'eafcd by the aflillaticc of jj vcfTcl!) of Call- 
 cub 
 
 TTc SimDtii 
 ■lliMlblo Li 
 urn). 
 
 He i* rtpfar- 
 eill) iii.ii.uc. I 
 
^ 
 
 T O r il K i: AST INDIE S. 
 
 »77 
 
 Francifco tic 
 
 tut. But liis liroihcr rrJiKirco cominj; ui , liioy wv.ro 
 put 111 flight, anil muny kill.'d, as wen ;co iii tin- 
 lllanil Ciul.mi, uIilh thty ilimi^lit tci fmiri.- ihiiii- 
 filv.-s. Du.vrlc I'.llllno illlllnycd llllltll'.r tnwii, kiil- 
 iim many "I tin- iiili.iliuam-. A-, tni; I'iiiiii„ui.li 
 failed, tilty fliipMil' Cilitiit imt thiiii, mid liny, (ili"' 
 vntt'iii'iii') iiiiw l|'int with latLu.-, wi ro liiijinl^d 
 at the miii.lvr ; I'lu ilic cannon kingwill p1;')td, tlu 
 eremy il.liilid tlir li^lu. 
 
 I'tppcr wa>c.!)i.ii.iiiied with lomc cxpcnce nf lilt)od. 
 Th- ijufin CI Ciml.iii I'Hlrtd huiliin t"i tAullii])-.. 
 [Albiiiincnin] went iliillK-r and I. tiled a trade, 
 and t(i ni.m:ii;e it, Kit heliiiid a laelor, and tweiity-lix 
 men. Tlvj' king id Calitut peiciiuii, tlu- luciel. 
 of the l'iirtU(;iuie, diliiid [Kaie, wlmli ua« ;.',ranted, 
 upiin their dah eondjti..iis ; Inii after h;uin^ liiililkil 
 only a part of them, he riiiiwd the war. As I ri- 
 nuiinpara riiHielled that fome able > inniander might 
 lie Kit at Cdchin with a military Mue ti) afiift hnii. 
 Dilute Paelieto w.is ftiit tliilher »iih liis ihips i m' 
 caravals, aVld i lo men. 
 
 The All)ui.|ii rqvKS mnv fit out for Kurii;.?, wlierc 
 AlpiiDnlo anivid i.ile , • but Fiancifco niid liiv Ihij 
 
 ■'^'l'""l"f "1' ' were never Iward ot mure , ai (oi I'c-Irt) de Ataida, h 
 .ndliuu.. ^^^ |.^^^^^| ^^ M liiH'a, wheie h- had pm in, after 
 having veatluiid ih' fury rd" a vli.lent t. iiipeft. I Ik 
 thud commander, Aiitmno Saldanna, who was feiit m 
 cruif-at the n'omh of theR-dSc.i, i;-,ne to anchor 
 at St. Thonias's afur !iavi;i; lo!t Dieg'i liriiandi./. 
 Pcteira. Ruy I.oren/.o b'-ni^ U p;ir.ui I irom tiitn ly i 
 ftorm, wasdrivrii-iip fiom Mo/; mi'iniie, fio.n «li.iit.- 
 lie failed to f^iil i:i, and looli ft. me Uiidl i>ri/,>-. De- 
 liroii« however o; doiii^ fume rtir.arkabU- action, he 
 Dikd to ilicifland if Zin/,ib.ir, t.Neny li.i;ues Irom 
 Mombada, wliiiv he took twenty fiu.dl vi Ifels, .ind 
 rfterwauN appiMrid befnie the loun of that name. — 
 'J'be king 111 till out f.\eral pi iws wiih ,in intention 
 tif tikin.^ his lllipi but tlie iDii^boJl dife.ittd lli.ir 
 piirpofe, liii>k four praAS, and killed feveral ot tli.ir 
 
 p'.i>,>le The kiii^ afierwar.Is made an attempt 
 
 tDd.fenl the plaie with his army, but this was de- 
 fcilcd, .Tiid his liiii ll.iin ill the iiiji.i^emeiU ; after 
 which the- vn uiuiflKil parly olVcred l.i become tribu- 
 tary to the liiii;; of I'ortU'.'.al. I'loin luiue l.oren/o 
 failid to Meiind.i. In his way tij took tv\o fniall vef- 
 fels, on board of which win- tneKe ma^ilhatts 
 of Biav.i, who pruir.ifcd thai city Ihould likewife 
 become tributary to the Portii);ueli-. M this lime 
 the kings of .Mombada and ,\!tliiula biiiyat war, 
 were on the point of i iniin^ to a b.ittlci but S.ildanna 
 arriving, the latter filled matters with thefoiimr 
 
 While theli: thing- were p .inn;;, the Samorin of 
 Calicut was not idle ; he called i nind him the princes 
 of Mal.ibar, and .illliiMeJa body of 50,CCO men for 
 the lea as well a; ihi land fervice. Forty ihoufand of 
 thef- WMt tmbarkcd in 2'So velli-N, hiviiurwiih th'. m 
 381 pieces of cannon, intended for ilie purpofe of bat- 
 teriiv;th- new frt, while the i.ind-firei. wsto attack 
 the fordin;-place of a ilv-r ihit pall' d t 1 th • illand. 
 
 As maiivof the king of Cochin's ful)jic!s ilcfertcd 
 him, th.it pnncs b.i;an to be in fear tor the event. 
 I'acheco hnwever, eiic(>ur;iged alike hi.s own people 
 and their allie=, and made proper preparations fur 
 main' or.ing the e\p;^^ied ccn.bat. lie ] l.md ^5 men 
 in th • Ihip, and jy in the fort ; he put 2 j men into 
 one boat, and tiiiew lilmlllf with 2;. iiiio another. 
 The rcll o*" his r.>rcc confiiled of joo M dabars ; and 
 the kin:, remained » iili his troops to guaid the city. 
 With this fiiall powur the Sanioiin, who h.id quar- 
 tered hiii.dlf in a neighbouring viU.i_^f, was defeated 
 witii griat lofs. Hi-, men were routed with great 
 (la'ijdu. r in three di;Tcre;it cngayemcnts which they 
 had in .iifputins; the I'.il-.. At the fame time 15000 of 
 them wiie deieited by lan.l ; and afurwards four 
 towns were burned by ihe '. ic^or in the inirfuit. 
 '. The king of Cochin w.is Hill unhappy in thofe 
 
 TVe ^imorin 
 ■iriaiblo lio 
 um). 
 
 Ilei' rtptjt- 
 
 CUI) ULllJlCit. 
 
 * Amonp.ft other tliiiiR'. w'.iicli lit l)roii(;iit home wert n qiun- 
 lUyof [KaiU, an exceeding Inrgu ih.i'.nniiil, and iwo line Ar*. 
 
 about him, u ho continued to drfeit to the enemy, nt 
 which I'aihicii was iiukIi dilpU.ifeil and fue cd' tin! 
 d Krters, luiiij; lecured, he obtaiiud lenve to punillt 
 tliem. When thefe were ficutid, the Portu;;uefe 
 cwi.inander laiifid it to be reported that th' y wiru 
 li..i;',id, with V. huh, however, the king and his peo- 
 ple win highly diljil. aled. 
 
 Th, S.inioriii, lu.tv. ihllandin^ his defeat, rcturne.l, 
 and .uiimpted anotl. f rd, and found t'^'- I'oitu- 
 giiulc and ilair p.llii s again '.iiepand lor lii- uceplion. 
 I)ii ;'0 I'm/ : lid I'ldro Rapll i» I weupoU.d with two 
 cara\:.ls and foim' Imi;.i«, wliiii lb" loul oI Kipelini 
 wa> to alt II k with ^ono men. At this very jiinoture 
 no lels ili.in ^ oMi.ois diUiud I'uhiio, who i\aiit- 
 111;; powder, lent to the prince of t.ocliin, but he did 
 not relicM- him, the milV n^ir treacluioullv lorbear- 
 ing to deliver the nicll.^i- ; hut l'..il,eeo nen .'ining 
 all difficulties, killed 050 of the .Sainorin's men, ulio 
 retired to a glove of palm-lnci, wherr nine wire 
 (lain lU near limi, that he was Iprinkh d with their 
 blood i he aluruards lolt (1^, .^ more by the plague. 
 
 Alter this ilie king ot C.ilicut nir.de great pripara- 
 tii.iis ; and in the mean time fitig'ued I'.ahico with 
 feveral llratagems and treaelurii'.. 'Ilie Bramiu 
 conjurors propoied making a powder, which being 
 llir.j,vn into th.' eyes o'' the I'oi tuguif-, would blind 
 th. 111, and fo they would be lafile overcome. Utfides, 
 ihiy hi'd a new inv. ntion of c.dtles that were to de- 
 llr..y them, and the .Moors of Cochin were umler- 
 h.iml bribed to poifon the water of the illaiid. The 
 ]iowder was looked upon as lidiculou-, but L'leat caic 
 .vas taken by I'aduco to prevent th; poifon. 'i'hc 
 eallles were eight in nun. her, tifieen feet high j eatli 
 placed upon two boats, and carr\in^ in.iiiy men. 
 I'.ieheco had 160 men divided inio K.nr partie , the 
 ford, the fort, in the caravals, and the lliip ; . 'd herein 
 conlilUd thepiincipal llrcnglh of the km;' '01 o| (J,,, 
 chin: for of the ^'l,noo m, 11 the kin;', had :it tirll, 
 there were now but 8coo left, many of the princijul 
 nun having deferted. The Samorin liad brought 
 80, ceo men, and lofl 20,C0O. Whilll the tow'crs 
 '.verc preparing, I'.ieheco, who was alVanlted by a 
 niinib. r of praws, in one attack killed lome men, 
 and too'-, five boats j in another eight, with ihirteeii 
 pieces of cannon. 
 
 Six bold negros ofi'ored to kill him, and in order 
 thereto, came over as d. fcrters ; but he liaMiig intel- 
 li;;enc'.', apprehended, and Cent them to the king. The 
 Samorin gave out, that the I'ortugutfe of Cochin 
 were a" killiil, to the intent that thofe who rcliilcd at 
 Caiiaii'ir and Coulan, ftiould be deftroyed. This 
 brought them into great danger ; one or two wire 
 killed, and many wounded. The king of Cochin was 
 rcfolvcd to endure the utmoft miferies, rather than 
 abandon the I'ortuguefe : but fearing thefe few mull 
 at lall be over-powcrcd by the multitude of the ene- 
 my, eariieftly intreatid I'acheco to quit the cnterprile. 
 I'aclieio bid him be of good courige and not dilhearteii 
 his fubjecls with any fign of fear. To chcar up 
 the Portiigu-I'e, he went on board thefliip, and made 
 a molt pathetic fpcech, which gave new vigour to 
 them all, but much more his e.vample at that very 
 time ; for fcarce was the fpeccli ended, when tliccne- 
 mycamc toafl'ail him, and burn his (hip, but Pacheco 
 ufed long beams, one end of which relHiig on the iliip, 
 the other hindered theapproach of the flaming towers. 
 The enemy appeared with 290 (iiiall veflcls, well 
 ftored with men and artillery, and eight ca(Hes, one 
 carrying 40 men 1 two, 35 each j and everyone of the 
 other live, 30 men, with fire-works in front. The 
 iliore was covered with 30,000 men, with good artil- 
 lery, and, at the h -ad of them, the lord of Repelim, 
 with a vaft number of pion-ers. The fight began, the 
 odds being almoft three hundred veflels to three. At 
 firft the artillery did no great hurt ; but being con- 
 tinued, tore the towers to pieces, and when the fmokc 
 4 C wa* 
 
 hian Iiurfci, faiil tu be the Hid of the breed that kaj cvci leen 
 (ecu ill Poriu^'al. 
 
 1505 
 
 ^^ 
 
 III 
 
a78 
 
 PORTUGUESE VOYAGE S. 
 
 1505 wi< fomfwhnf allajrec), the Tea appcareil cr.vrrvd wtfli 
 ^''vSi* linikcn hnjn, arm«, ilcjJ b«)dic>, and others ltriigi;lin^ 
 with (Kalh : llic fi;,ht m as iciu-\mJ with an-M M\ to 
 thi' i-niiiiy, ami net one Portiii'mlc li])lnl. Nixtday 
 the Samorin rcHiir.^il to fhr r I .iigr, niiil \\ 's hi:iliii 
 off with pnMicril.im.ii;r. Thus liaiinj IciH iH.ocxi 
 iiic n in the fjiaic ot In c iiv>nlhs, by tlit aJmv nf hi"' 
 Hininins, ho rctir<.J to du penance ; mid by coiifint 
 111 his coiiiKil, iltdnJ a pcacr, whiih the kmi; ol 
 Covhi.i gjjiilcd. At thi^i tiiiu- I'.iehio, |iur(ii.ijii to 
 u nieUji;!' from the t..i[r,T at t'iiiil.in, weiii thither, 
 and made live fliips of Mi;, rn fiilmiJt, who obftrtnHcd 
 the market of i>i|i|)ii-, whuh iilierw.uds he took at 
 
 li.iir own i.ite, without (I'liiig them any harm. 
 
 Kinj Kip'nu^'I bring infurniod by Oon Vak|iie7, de 
 Gams, how nu\flafy it uns to apjKar «ith a ,:re.iler 
 h'rre in India, fitlrtl out a fliTi of tli;: teen (hips, the 
 bi^ljtrt thai liad yet been liiili in IViiiirnl, ttitii lico 
 ir.eii on boaid, and gave the cuiimiaiid uf them to Lujh' 
 hvinv.. 
 
 riie fiifl Ijnd of India hi- touched at, was 
 A'ii:hedi\a, w hire Aiitnni.i di- Saldanna, and Ruy 
 I.nnnzo wcie refuting, in order to crin/.c on the 
 tuaft of Canibaya .ii^aiiift the Arabs of Meera. lint 
 l^opf Soare-i toiili thcin alonj; with him to ('.manor, 
 xihiic he (laid to pive the iiei-;l''iry ordors, .iiid thui 
 .\pjic.irii);; beton- V.'.ilicut, h.id fmiie priioners taken in 
 If).- late war, ddveied to hini : Hut beeaiifi tiny did 
 not give ii(> all, he for two days battered the city, 
 whereof he I iiiiiixl jireat pirt, .ind killed jro inha- 
 buaiits. I hen I'.iiling to Cucliin, (at whieh time 
 P.iih.co W.1S upon his r-turn to Coulin) th,' kiiiL' 
 informed him of ilie dam.i^e he icciived from Craiiga- 
 Mnr, t tiiwn but four Iciljucs uiliant, and fortified by 
 the i imoriii. 
 
 LnpcSoaie/, with great feciccy, provided twenty 
 vcliels and failed wilh th"ni up t.V- tint, wlure he 
 found five fJiips, and rij;luy prriws will maiiiiMl, 
 which were, by two of the forcmo'l /liips liuriit after 
 a fiiarp uigaijemcnt. Triiiiumpara was to have joined 
 hiin, but came too late. A niiihii,;de of liuli.iiis and 
 Moors, with ftiowers of arrows ciule.u oured to hinder 
 Ins landing;, hut the miifijiKteers made way, and 
 havin^reachid the town, bin,, ed itdow n to the ground, 
 while the king iif Calicut lied, hut this viciorv, and 
 another obtained by the king of Taiior againft him, 
 pnxluccd n peaiC at lift. 
 
 Lop;; Snrcz left .M -niiel Till;?. Rarreto «iih four 
 fails to fecure the fort of Cochin, and f, t fail, in ordir 
 to return home; hut rif.lvcdiu lli^ way, tof.ll upon 
 Pan.ini, a town fubj^cl to Calicut. He was mrl hv 
 t*enty piiv who pnuring in thiir (hot, drove him 
 into a bnv, where there waited (Ivcnieen g;iat 
 Ihips, well Iforeil with cann'j, and provided \. itii 
 4''ro men. Afrer a licrcc cnj;3arnient, the fliips were 
 all burnt wilh their la.lii- , wiiieh was very ricli, 
 and 7C0 Turks dinwncd, b.Tides thofe that periilid by 
 (ire and fword ; witii the Inf of only twenty-lhiee 
 F .ru^uife. SiVi,../. Iniled hcnc the be^;iniiing 0/ 
 Janu'ry, ami arrived at L;f1ion<a tlic 22d of July, 
 1506, -.vitli tliirte.n viitori'.^ui (liips L.d.-n wiili 
 rirh 'o J three weie of the forerioing year's fleet : of his 
 n«n he \rtt IVdro Mondo/.a, who bein;; flrai.Ji.! 
 14. lea;;' .'s from Aquada de S. IJla', was niver 
 mot ■ h-arJ 01. Ore .if the rahtr ihne was that of 
 I> ."i Fcrriandez Peteyra, v.'lio, after t.tkinp; f( ver.il 
 prizes on I he coaft of Mv'ind.i, difcovcredihe i/lami So- 
 i-?tr.'.. — The ki:.T; placed Duarle I'acheco (who had fo 
 braiLiy u.lcnded Cochin; by hi., lide, undi r a canopy, 
 and Went with him in that nianiirr to churih, 10 
 honour his great valour : but (0011 nfcc ' impii((.ncd, 
 and fi.fi'eied him to die inif. i;ihly. Such was the end 
 of thif f;jc3l con<iuc:or in thofe parts, and fuch the 
 gratitude of Indian kings. 
 
 In the year 1507, Don Krancifcode Almcyda failed 
 Qidoi taken fi nm Portuijal, and arriving at tjMr.hu with his fon 
 I orinz.o, landed at the hendof 500 iiien, and attacked 
 tlie city in two pl.i..i'S. When he cntired, Kmir Ibra- 
 him lied and (a up Portiij;uefe c<doiirs in the field, 
 wliicli llopi'ej llie purfuit till h:- ii.iJ _^ot over to the 
 
 cnntinrnt with bis wives an,' richr*. Thf city wat 
 plundered without the lolsof oik Portuyuifi, tjioiijjh 
 ■> ^■le.il number u( the enemy wo-s killtd j Ibrahim wa» 
 bui .11) nlurjier, ihou'^h the foriy-fnurlh , di l.or of 
 that illaiid. When thin;;;s Wiic fettled, .\hiyda 
 declared Mohammed Aiilimi (Ibrahim's rrlatiun> 
 who had been fervictahio to the Portugueh ) kinj of 
 ih.it place, putting a crown of gidd on lii^ head, with 
 i;ieat poiiiji. The new kin ' at the lame lone dtclared, 
 that had ihe lawful king Alfudail, niuideti.l by the 
 late ufuiper, been livin.;, hr would h.ue rtligned the 
 Clown to him, and aclua.ly ajipoinled Aifiid.iils 
 Ion his fuccelKir, though he himli'f li.'d children. 
 Ill twenty da\ s the foit was railed, into which the 
 viceroy put 550 njeii, and Icaviiif; a caraval and brigan- 
 t^ic to cruile there, on the .Sth of Augulf, tailed with 
 Ihiitceii (hips for Momball'a, fealeJ, as has been iiu- 
 ticcd, like l^iiloa, in an illand which is .ihoul fourteen 
 Icagiu s III compals. 'I'hccity it beautiful and ilronp, 
 wit/i a laiye bay (or (hippint?. Two vtllels that «»'ie 
 lent to (ound the b.ir, wcie played lipiii with eii-ht 
 pieces of cannon. UiitabjII l.illiiij; luckily among 
 the enemies powder, (diliged ihim to quit tlie woik, 
 and after driiing them lioin two (mailer baflerus, the 
 Heet 'ntiied without (arther idillance. Don 1 ranciica 
 iheii went to burn tin (hips of Cambaya in the pott j 
 and landin:; his mm, entered the town the 15th of 
 Aiij;iill, while tliekinc (lul out at the other eml. In 
 Uiis adion only (ivc Portu^uefe were hdl ; of the 
 Moors, 1513 were killed, and 1100 lakiii; after 
 which the city being plunderal, was buint to the 
 giound. 
 
 J'roni thence Almcyda departed for India, and com- 
 ing to An.htdiva, there buiU a f.rt, into which he 
 jiut eighty men, and then failed to Oiim-, on the coaft 
 of Malabai, where being ill reciivcd, he buint ihc 
 town, and tile (hips thai wcie in the haibour, hire 
 the \ iceroy w as wounded w i;h an arrow ; and a party 
 feiit to attaik 1500 ol the eiuni), were likely to have 
 been ileleatid ; but farther mifihief w.is prevented by 
 Timoja, governor of the city, a man of giaceful 
 preleiiie, who excufinj his king, and, in his name, 
 olfering vaflalage to Portugal, appealed Almeyda. 
 The viceroy then f.iilid to Cuiianor, whcp; he h.id .u\ 
 interview with the king, who biought with him 
 50CO mm Well arimd, and !;ave him leave to build a 
 lort in the harbour ; w hue he left Lorenzo de Hrito 
 with 15c men, and twovdJMs, to crui/e upon tiie 
 coaft. iieipg inlormedatCothin.that allinthe fa.5lory 
 at Coiilan li.id been killed by the Moors, he fcnt Ins 
 i'm.i thither, with ihiee fliiji^, and three caravals, 
 y/iuch burnt twenty-lour (llip^ (b.lcnging toCalicut, 
 and other places) tluic prepared to receive them, only 
 a few of the.Vl(X>rs being favtd by fwimming. Almcyda 
 intendid to ha\e crowned Tiiinumpara at Cochia 
 to reward his fuiility and galantry : but he being 
 retired to a religious life, it was thought tit tobeftow 
 that hoir.jur upon Nambeadora, his nephew and 
 lucctirur, who was inaugurated with great lulemnitv, 
 with a crown of gold fct with jewels, carried from 
 l'ortu;.',al lor that purpofe. 
 
 King Kmaiiuil fetit Pedro dc Annaya after Hon 
 Krancido, with fix fliips to build a fort at Sofola, 
 (anions I.. r its gold trade; to fecure which, he had 
 already cauled a lort to be built at (^liloa, another at 
 Mozambii|ue, and a faiftory to be fettled at Melinda } 
 Annaya lailld a fort thcr' , ftrong, though of wood, 
 with leave of the king, who imagined that the Poitu- 
 guilc would be foon obliged to quit it, bccaufe the 
 coiiniiy was unhialthy ; but finding himfelf deceived, 
 he look llii- opportunity, whin Annaya had fentaway 
 thieeol hi-- lliips, and bis men were wckcned tliroui'_h 
 difeafes laiifid by the bad air, to afliiult the place 
 with 5000 CaflVis; butgrc.athavock was made with the 
 cannon; iliough only thirty-five Portugucle were able 
 to hear arms. Afterwaids (allying out with fifteen or 
 twenty M.Mrs, they drove the enemy into a wood of 
 pnim trees; and attacking the town by night, with* 
 few men, enterid the king's houfe, w ho (food behind 
 the duor >\ith a fcyinctar, and wounded Annaya in the 
 7 neck i 
 
 ii«r<u. 
 
TO THE EAST INDIES. 
 
 «7f 
 
 WiU. 
 
 ntf k t l»>t wi« Toon killril. with m.ttiy more. Nixi 
 day lii> Ihii, with .ill ill ' ,MiMir«, ull.iulliil llu- lorl, 
 but ill \aiiii lor (lie fn^ht rui-d in.iiiy ril tlic liik, 
 whojninrj ill Ihr 1 orimi4>n del. lu'i'. AlurMMrils the 
 brcrlirrs I'l II out ;il>oul the riicccirioii i anil Aiiiia- 
 V« briii'^ I'.iilicil by Sol} ni.iTi, crowiicil him i whi liT 
 ni< nwii (' I iirily, mailf nil .illiaiicc with thi' I'urtii- 
 gU'le. Iliri- AniMyn Imiml twenty I'cirtii.'Ud,' in a 
 raifernlpji' cofiiliiion. At Cipt Ci.iii.iiic., i)ciii;; im 
 longrr :iblf to kci-p iheir fliip .ibovc w.iti.T, thf-y r.in Irt 
 afliorc : after which, ri-lu(iii<; tii obey lliiii i;i|itiiiii. 
 Lope Sanchez, thry tlividctl Into fov.-r.il roniiiiinics, 
 •no To travclU-J tliroii^h tliofc unknown countrieH. 
 Thrv riiHi rid extreme hnrdlhip* lutore they reaclud 
 Sofafii. All were lad cxocpl thcife twenty, and five 
 found hv Antonio ilc .Magellan.'., in the river ot 
 Quilcim.i. 
 
 I'ho kingdom of Sofiila is a large trafl of land, 750 
 leagues in circumference ; fiibjeifl to the Moiioniotu- 
 pa, whofe empire bears the lame name : it is watcnd 
 by the Rin del EfiHTitii Sani'lo, and Ciiama, the lat- 
 ter navigible a ^o len;{iies : thefc, .in. I many other ri- 
 wn that fall into them, are famous for their golden 
 fiUKls. Moft part of the l.ind enjoys a tem|>erate air, 
 is ploafml, whidifome, and fruitful. Here arc reared 
 great fliielis (if (htrp, with wholi; fkins the natives are 
 cloaih«-<l, beeaufe of the cold fnuth winils. Alonf; the 
 bafk of Cu.inia, the country is n.ouiitainou'., covered 
 with wood', and watered with many rivers, which 
 make it delightful. Here it is the belt peopled, and 
 Hie common rehdencc of the Monomotapa. It is 
 ilncknl with el.-phanfs, (confequently ivory) and 
 minnt of i;old, encompalFcd thirty Icapm-s about with 
 tnotinl.iiiv , oiitlic tops whereof ilic air is f'r"ncand 
 clear. Tli?y are c.iUd the .Mines of M.ii.ie.i, 50 
 leajiues fouth-wi (I of Sofal.i. Tin re nre otiv rs 15'^ 
 leagues didant, iiuiie then much valued by tli .rowii- 
 «ni. 
 
 Here are fnmc Iviil lin''s of wnn''erfiil ftriuTure, 
 Tritii iiifcriptions of unkn" vn eh;, aiter-: ; but llu na- 
 »i»e5 know not'.in:; if their found itiop. 'Iheinlia- 
 bitanls billeve in one (J.hI, under the name of Mo- 
 mime, and uf- ;• > iniapes. Viteher.ift, theft, and 
 adultery, are moll feverelv puniflird by tin ni. Th' y 
 have as mmy wives a- thi v can m;;iniain : th<i:e of 
 riK king are above inco, but the fiift commands the 
 l«ft, .■"iiM-rr childrio inherit. In their funerals they 
 are vrrv fionrllitious. Their cloathinj; is cotton, the 
 better fort mi .d with fomc;.;old threads. The houfes 
 ♦fwotul. Tlie king's attendance were more reremo- 
 flious thin ;r"Tt, his ;;iiards was two hundred dogs, 
 and Ik- was follo-.vd by SOT jeders. He reigns fovc- 
 lei^ over mr.iiy j'rinccs, and beeaufe they Ihall not 
 rebel, always kept their heirs about him. There v*'crc 
 ■olaw-fuiti among them. They fought on foot : their 
 anns were arrow, javelins or darts, daggers, and fmall 
 Iharp hati lutv. The women were fo much refpeifted, 
 that if the kind's fon met one he gave her the way, 
 and flopped till (he palTed. Thefe mines of Sofala, 
 believed hy fomc to be the mines of Ophir, were firft 
 pofiirtfed by the Moors of Magadoxa, afterwards bv 
 thofcof Qiiitoa, whofe kinpi enjoyed them, till Yulef, 
 one of their governors rebelled, .ind ufurpcd the fove- 
 leignty to hinifcif, alluming the title of king, with 
 whom Pedro de Annaya now tre.itcd. 
 
 Whilft thefe things happened at Sofala, in India, 
 the Samorin of Calicut had ftirrcd up the Sultan of 
 Egypt, ai,.I I- >pcd with his afliftance to drive the Por- 
 tuguefc out of tliofe feas. This was not carried on 
 fe privately, but the king of Cochin had intelligence 
 of If, and advertifed the viceroy Almcyd<l, who fcnf 
 his fon J^orenzo with eleven fail, to prevent the de- 
 fiin. As h- vifitcd fiiiie ports, he learned, that in 
 the road of Cananor was. a fl-et of 260 praws, where- 
 of fixty exceeded our (bi;i. in bulk. He direfted his 
 courfe townrls them, and alier a very ftiarp engage- 
 ment, they were put to flight, and fome taken, but 
 many funk, and obliir^ to run a-ground, with treat 
 lofs to the cn-my, and of his own, only five or fix 
 nKn : foon after the fjrc of Aiieliediva was bcfet by 
 
 fixty well armed vcfllU of Moors .ind Gentiles, com- 
 niaiulal by a n.iugjdo ( but hearing that l,r.ren/.o w.is 
 Coming to Its relief, they wuit oil with .ill podiblc 
 lp>.ed. 
 
 riie Moors perceiving (heir Trade was cut od' by 
 the I'urtugucfe, thoui',bt to Ihiin thun by keeping out 
 at Ua in their voyage to Suinatr.i and .Malacca, where 
 they went |.>r (pite, diiking thuiu;;h the Maldivia 
 iilands, and bearing away loutli of Ceylon. The 
 viceroy lint his fon lioin Cotliiii, with nine (hips, to 
 infed their couile, when the pilots waiulciing ihroUjjU 
 unknown feas, dileovtred that idaiid. They anchoud 
 at the port ol (iale, where many Moors vvere lading 
 eiiinaniun, and t.ikiiii' in elephants loi Cambayd. 
 They, fearful of Don Lurenzu's anger, prelented him 
 in the II. line of the king, with 400 bahars of cinna.^ 
 nion. Ho well uiiJerdood the comiivancc, but 
 thought it that time, better tu diflemble, i)nd cuntcnt 
 liinilelf with the prelent, and dij'cuvery uf Ceytun, 
 planting llure a trolV, with an inftiipiion, fignilying 
 the tune of his arriv.il. In his return to Cochin, he 
 lell U) on the town of Hiramjiin, which he buiiicJ 
 down, putting all to the fword, in riveiige for the 
 I'urtuguele killid at Coiilan ; bicaufe that town be- 
 longed to this crown. .Meanwhile Pedro de Annaya, 
 and mod of his men died at Sofala, and not long after, 
 the fort of C^iiloa was railed by the Poitugucle thtm- 
 lelves i all being the efi'ecl uf their ill ul.ige towaiils 
 the natives. 
 
 The king being informed by Diego Fernnnde/. Pi- 
 feyra, that there were Cliridians at Socotra, who were 
 lubiect to the Moors, he ordered Tridan ile Cunna, 
 and Alphonfoile Alburquirque, todueet theircourfc 
 thither, and take the fort ; to the intent his fleet might 
 attei wards winter there, ar .! fo the navigjiioii of that 
 lea be leeure<l. On the 6th of March, 1508, they 
 lailed from l.ifbon with 1 J vellllv, and J 3C0 lighiijig 
 men J whereof fume (being iiifecled with the plague, 
 at that time raging in the city) died by the way. 
 When they came under the line, the fiekmls left 
 them. They pad'ed in light of C.ipe .St. Augullin, in 
 liralil, and in tiorting the vad ocean betwun that 
 place anil the Cape of (iood Hope. 'I'ridan de Cun- 
 na ran 16 far to the I'uiithward, that fome of his nv n 
 peridieil with cold, and he dileoverid the illand:. lliil 
 called by his name. Here being attacked by a dorm, 
 all the Ihips were parted, e.ieh running a different 
 courfe, till they met ag.iin at Moz.imbique; except Al- 
 varo Telle/, w ho being driven as far as Cape Ciuar- 
 dafu, took fix Ihips, fo laden with all forts of goods, 
 th. t from them to his own veflll, he made a bridge of 
 
 ie , ti.rown into the li.'a, over which the men padcd 
 . o' dryland. Ruy Pereyra, who fell into Matatan- 
 na. ' port of Mad.igafcar^ being informed it abounded 
 in tjices, cfpecially ginger, invited thither Tridan de 
 Cunna, who came and anchored in a bay which his 
 Ion, Nunno de Cunna, called de Donna Maria de 
 Cunna, after a laily he courted ; others name itof the 
 Conccjition, at a town inhabited by the Moors, and 
 governed by a Sheikh, in a clofe bay, which receives the 
 great rivei Lulangan; they had a lkirmifh,and found 
 the iflaiid produced little ginger. 
 
 Hence de Cunna fent Alphonfo dc Alburquerquc, 
 with four fail to Mozambique, whither coming after- 
 wards, they proceeded to Melinda, whofe king obliged 
 him to fall upon Oja ; a city, which bring ainftcd by 
 the king of Mombada, infeded him. The Arabs in- 
 habited this.country, where are feen fome ancient and 
 wonderful drudures. Each city, and almod vilLige, 
 has a king, whom they call (heikh ; the chief cities are 
 Qtiiloa, Zanzibar, and Mombada; but that of Me- 
 linda pretended to be the ulded, deducing his pedi- 
 gree from thofc of (^litau, a city 18 leagues from 
 him, which though ruined, dicws the footdeps of iti 
 former grandeur, having been fuperior to Luziva. 
 Parimiind.-i, Lanio, Jaka, Uja, and other its neigh- 
 bours. The country is watered by the river Guli- 
 manja. Gco'-ge Alphonfo going up this river five days, 
 fiw in the banks impenetrable woods, and in the wa' 
 ters an infinite number uf ka-horles. 
 
 Tfif- 
 
 t;»H 
 
 . 
 
2l0 
 
 P O R T U a U K S K V () Y A i; E s 
 
 1508 
 
 fwoiri. 
 
 H- 
 
 If 
 
 Tiiftiin ilc Cunn.i (with fix fliipH) apprami iKlorc 
 lli.iltv ('ii, lliiuling 17 li-.i;;uct Irom MlIiik'.i, on 
 ;iti open (huri-, liiurrj with .1 «all linv«iil> the l.iml, 
 uhii'li hiilo It Irum the C'attVi'v. ||c Itiit ili< llirikli 
 tM i>l. th.il li'.' hud iniportiiiil ;itr.iir'< to commiiniralc 
 III liiin ; \vli<i anrtvtrtil, TlMt Ik' wai a liilijtck of ilic 
 iuilt.in ol Cairo, In- ul cilif Of ihc hoiilc ul Moh;im- 
 ttiiJ, and tlicri lure coulil not trc;it with iM'opIr (hat 
 weu- I'd much his cncniic*. Triltan, conlnU'iin; the 
 djiiTrr of delay*, a> loon as d.iy appeared, divided hiv 
 men into two ji.iiK into boat! i one p.irt commanded 
 liy iMphonlo li'- Alhurt|iU'rque, the oihir hy liirnlill 
 pnJ though the I 'i l.inird to lavoiir the Muors, who 
 il 'Oil on Ihorc to hinder llieir landii";;, th' y «i rr forced 
 to (I', entering It one gate, and running out at the 
 oihd. 
 
 N unnn di: Ciinn.i, and Alphonfo i!e Noronha, pnr- 
 fucd the l^iiig, with in.niy of liii mm, into a wood ul 
 p.dm-trcts, and killrJ him in the niidll of thcni. 
 (JciM,;c Silveyra piTceiving I grave Moi'r, who led a 
 bi.miit'ui youiij; woman through a p.iih in the hihhI, 
 t.m at him, ami tlio Moor, making (iiin* to the wo- 
 m:'n to (Iv, uhdit tlitv fought, fhe followed him, li^- 
 lilvin^, fh.* h;id rjlher die, 01' hv taken with him, than 
 rl'i.iip/ alone. Silvevr.i leein'^lhem ((rive wholhouM 
 i;.ve the greaieil proof of arfVclion, let them Uith go 
 away ; fa) in;*, " CioJ foihid my fword lliould \\\r\. lo 
 much love." The town was plundered, .thJ then 
 luinit with fuch prcciji'tatiun, that fume of the Por- 
 (u_'ii IV p rilh -d in the /lnMK>. 
 
 V.'hi' happ'nrd, li.in;; known at the city of L.imn, 
 13 l,a;;u,s dll.int, its fluikhcame nii.l fuhmilted him- 
 l>lf, o.Verid a trihtil; of fix hundred meticaU of yidd 
 ycuily, and pnld the til II ye.ir in ha:id. The (Tret 
 \v>ni on to ih'.- city Hr.iva, a pnpnlo'is pl.iee, bil mi 
 coiuim red, bin then in ribLllion, with 6000 aiitud 
 ini-n on ihc lliore : but de Cunna and Alhiiri]ucri|ue, 
 next d lylandiiv; with two bodies, in Ijiifof Ihov/ers o( 
 BiroW'i, dart«, and llon.-j, fealrd the wi'll-, and routed 
 the .M i"!S , after w»lhlnij the llrects .villi their blood, 
 .ml killiiii h> minv, that their niiiiiber wis not 
 kiinvn. Of the I'oriu juele, furiy-two were loll, half 
 ihnnijh eovctoufiufs ; for over-loadiiy a bont, they 
 were drowned with the Ipoil, baibaioully aci)uind, 
 bv cutting oft' the hinds and ears of women, to five 
 time in taking otF their bracelets and car-rings. The 
 city being burnt and pluiidereil, dc Cunna lit lail, and 
 met oft' Cape (ruaidafu, Alvaro 'rdlcz, who had 
 been in a Uoini with a lieh booty b.A re fpoken of. 
 H IN ing dilVovcred the Cape, he IIihkI lor iiocotora, 
 (<.r Soeotr.!.) an ifl.ind twenty Icigues in length, and 
 nine in bre.idth i it lies almoU ea([ and well, in the 
 latitude of 12 deg. 40 niin. It is the biggcU about 
 the mouth of the Read Sea; but has no ports (it for 
 any number of (hips to winter. Acrofs the middle 
 of it runs a ridge of hills as high as the clouds, yet the 
 fanil of the (hore is carried up 10 the top by the north 
 winds 1 this renders it barren not only of plants, but 
 trtrs, t.tcepting fomc fir.all valleys, that arc under 
 flulter of thofe winds. It is dillant from the coafl of 
 Arabia fifty Ic.igu-?s, and thirty from Ca|K' (juardafu. 
 'Ihc poits molt ufcd bv the I'oituguefe, arc, Zokc, 
 inhabited by Moors j Calanfea, to the weftward, and 
 lieni to the Kallward ; the natives are unpnlilhcd. 
 The vallejs fheltcrcd from fand produce apple and 
 palm trees, and the beft aloes; which for its excel- 
 lency is called Zocotorinos. The commu.T food is 
 mai/e, or Indian wheat, tamarind.-, and mi''c. 
 
 " ThcyareallJacobiteChrilfians, like the Abafliiies. 
 The men ufe thu names of the apoftlcs, the women 
 chiefly that of Mary : they worlhip the ciolj, which 
 tlicy wear on their cloatlis, and fet up in their church- 
 es i where they piay twice a-day in the Chaldean Ir.n- 
 guage, alternately as in a choir. They receive but 
 one wife ; ufecirciimcifion, faflinc, and tythes. The 
 Dun comely J the women fo manly that thry follo'v 
 the war, and live like Amazons. Some of tlitm for 
 propagation making ufe of I'uch men as arrive thcic. 
 n'heircloathin^ is feme cloth andfkins ) their liabita- 
 lioiiSi caves j their wciipons ftoncs and flings. They 
 
 were fiibjea at that tunc to the Arabian kinir o^ 
 Calhcn •• * 
 
 l)e Cunna found here an indifTcrent furt, not ill 
 manned, nor unpiovided. Hcing provokiil by tho 
 Sheikh's anfwcr lo his mc(|■a^(e, he lelolved (thou; li it 
 was d'.ngirous) to land with Albur(|uit()ue. The 
 full who leapid on (hore was hii nephew, IJon Al- 
 phonlo dc Noronhi, with a lew, but brave men. 
 The Iheikh received him with •m great number, 
 though witli niueli gallantly, maiiitaininij hit ground, 
 and ihre.uiiiing do Cunna) who, through a Ihuwer 
 ot bulk;s and Itones, made his approach to the foit, 
 and was biilkly repulled by the iheikh, whom then 
 Don Alplionlo 11 luck down with iii> larce. Hence 
 cnfued a Iharp Ikitinilh ; the Moors cndravouring to 
 carry off their prince, ami the I*orlii|;uefe to hinder 
 it i wh.Mi he and eight more had been llain, iheencmy 
 fled tathecatde, which wai Icalcd ) and tholi: who 
 entered, opening the gate for the rcif, a bloiMJy fight 
 began within, lite Moon difputing it to the lalf man i 
 liii out of Ko, there was but one left alive, except a 
 blind man, who uas found in a well, and being alkcd 
 how he got there, anfwcrcd, " That blind men liw 
 only one thine, which was the way to liberty, and 
 which even bFind men coveted." He had his liberty 
 given him. The I'oituguefe loll fix men. The na- 
 lives wiio had kept oft, hearing of their fuccefs, came 
 to thank IJe Cunna for delivering them from the hea«y 
 yoke ot ihulL Mahomrt.ins, and were received under 
 the piotiilion of the king of l'oitu;;al, who havinj; 
 chilli M Don Alphonfo de Noionha to command the 
 fort, il taken, Dc Cunn.i ra\e it him, with 100 H'Cn 
 for a garrifon. De Cunna wintired in thole; parts j af- 
 tir wliiih, he f.iihd lor India, and Alburtiucrtiuu fur 
 the malls of Ai.ibij. 
 
 W'liile tlule things dilayed the fleet, the king of 
 Calicut lelyiii;', on the fuccifs, p'omil d by his li.yth- 
 1.1 M r (as line told by a great eai ill quake, and ecllpfeof 
 the lull which li.ippeiied lo that the If.irs .ijniearfd 
 lor a coiilideiahle ii:iu) Wiis aiinlng .i",airlk th- I'or- 
 tii;iiiU. iiul the \ iieroy Alir.eyda luit out a fijua- 
 dioiiot ten (liipi, wltich the Samorin liitlecxpecilcd, 
 under the eoiiiniaiidoi hij fun I.oreii/.o, who failed to 
 Dabul, dileovercd thelleetof Calicut, and would have 
 engaged 11, but that 0,1 account of the nairuwnefs of the 
 place, it was carried in council, not to attack their, 
 lor which, on his return to Cochin, he was feveiely 
 repriiiiandeil by his f.ither, who brcite all the ofliceis, . 
 and lent iIkiii to I'ortugal. 
 
 Uoiizalo Vaz, whc lullowcd Don Lorenzo, 
 meeting a fliip of Cananor, though with a Portuguefc 
 pafs, funk it, and all the Moors It-wed uj> in a fail, 
 that they might never be fecii, but bis villainy 
 foon came to light ; for one of the bodies be- 
 ing found on fliorc, and known to bo the nephew, 
 of Mamala, a rich merchant of Malabar, the Samo- 
 rin ufcd it as an argument to gain the king of Ca- 
 nanor, who before tt .nnted to break with the Purtu,< 
 guef?. Lorenzo dc Brito, captain of the foot tlicrc, 
 on whom at firlf the fufpicion fell, was prefently bc- 
 (iegid by 20,cco Moors, when ainftancc came from 
 the Viceroy 1 but their magazine of provifion taking 
 lire, they were fiirccd to cat vermin; and had bcei| 
 lamilhid, but for abundance of lobfters which tiict 
 lea being then rough, left behind, and was their only) 
 relief. The Samorin having lent a powerful fupply, 
 the king of Cananor gave anaflault both by fea and 
 land, with above 50,000 men, who were repullial with 
 great lofs, and not one Portuguefc killed. The kinjj 
 vexed at this, and terrified at the cominirof de Cunna, 
 fued for pe.icc. After this the Viceroy went with dc 
 Cunna to fall upon i'anani, a town fubjeil to Cali- 
 cut, where there v\eic four ftiips of the Samorin, 
 commanded by Cutioli, a courageous Moor. They 
 went up the river through (bowers of balls from the 
 Ihorc, which is high; and the Moots ran into the 
 water to meet their boats, but the Portuguefc landing, 
 attacked the! r trench'js, where a lirong Moor wound- 
 irg Don Lorenzo, he with one ftrokc clove his head 
 to his brealf. The town being entered, all were put to 
 6 the 
 
 Oniiu 
 
 m. 
 
T () T II F, K A S T I N D I F. S. 
 
 ill 
 
 Otmui. 
 
 thr Cworil) ilir fliipt Anil |iliindtr iilln, thiui^h nf 
 Dii'.it vuliii', Will' hiiiiii ) .mil only thc.iiiill'Tv Uuil, 
 III thik iidioii abii.c 5rn oi' ihi' i ii my )> mIIiliI, .mil 
 
 but |8 III llir l'ortii;,in.ti-, i i' m nnu-. 
 
 , iK. ;i>tli 111 Aiir.iifl, 
 
 Allor |i.iiiiiij; fri'Mi ilf I'n 
 1508, ;ii 1«|..T rJjiiil, he Liiliil f.i 
 
 Ihr 
 
 Ar.ihh 
 
 IVil 
 
 lii pillulilll III I 
 
 h- k' 
 
 111 s iiilir 
 
 Ilf "I 
 li 
 
 hjviir, uiih him Kviu fail, .in>I 4'<c li^liln:; men. 
 Hv fill) toiuliiil ,11 C'.il,iv4l.i, a b^.iiitifiil IImiiil; (own 
 
 t 
 
 ill ihc liiMj;iliiin III l)rmuf, hut not (n |ii'|iuii ii« *s 
 hi'ii lot'orc ; whiilo builJiiii!» arc aldr iIk- iniiinrr ol 
 
 S|i.i 
 
 I he governor, having; 
 
 oftind r» tiilhmcnt^ 
 
 »nil li'tllcd pcicc, hu went in i.'iiii;it, ten lc.ii>ur« 
 furthir, where, bfing ill rcii'iud, li> Iformiil llic 
 town, anil nirt with a vi;(i'riius 0|>P'irni'>n, hut rutin d 
 killiii)^ ilghiy ot the viumy, wall tlic luls i>r unly 
 three nun. 
 
 'rhi'|)l;iccbcinE plundind .md burnt, witli fiurtiin 
 Vfll'cls ill the harbour, he lailrd iinht IcJUiicn f.iith.r 
 to Maleai, a placu Urungcr th.m any •>! the i>ilu'r>, 
 anil Will prnviiltd with men ; who li.ivinL; hi..ird nl the 
 dellriiillon of Curiat, reliirtcd Inmi ,ill pjru lodiTciiil 
 it. Uiit ihe jiiiveiniir fi'irinf; tlie like ilifalter, made 
 peare, and lent great Diiri* ul iiniviliuni i vtliwii on a 
 j'uiidin the cannon i>l the town heKnii 10 |ilay lurioiiHy 
 upon ihe I'oriii^utfe ftiipt, whiui drew "iV h.iltily, 
 not knowing the eaule ol' ihis thaii^e : till I'unie time 
 after they uiidrrdiHid, that i';oo men, lent by the 
 kint; of Orn"!!?., bting arrived, their oificcrt rel'iifed 
 to Itaiid tn the treaty, lint Alhiiri|ueiqiic laniling his 
 mf n at break of day, alTaiilied the town lo coura^amfly 
 that a-i the Portu^iicfe entered at one gite, the Alwom 
 ran out at the oihir. All the himli-ii were plundered 
 except the governor's, wlm had giveii them notice 
 when the relief canu-, but lie wa» killed in the 
 conliifioii, not beinj; known, 'riiis ilonr, they palFed 
 to Soar, all ihe inhabitant* whereof fled except the 
 governor, and fonie of the principal MiHirs, who 
 yK liled up III Albiiii|uerqiie, and received hack to luilil 
 of kini; Kinamiel, under thr fame tribute they h.id paid 
 tothe kin^iif Urmuz. The inliabitantj of Uilucam, 
 filuen le.mucs farther, having ilelirtcd it, the town 
 was pliiiiilered for ilie Ip.iccol three day- : and durinj; 
 this lime, the gcncr.il prepared tu enter the harbour ol 
 Ormu/., whicli wan the principal end of the voyage. 
 
 'I'Ik- I ity of ( >rnuiz is fiiuateoii a little iflaiul, 
 called Jerun, at the nunith i.f the I'l-ilian (lulph, 
 abiiut iluic li 'i;"'"" in comp.ifs, and fo barren, that 
 it piiiiluces nuiliing but l.ilt and fulpbur. 'I he 
 buildiM;;s of the city are lumptunus : it is the 
 gre:u m.irket of all giKids, brought thither from the 
 Fall, Well, and North, which is the rcafon, that 
 tli.>iiL<li it h.is nothini; of its ov\n, it abounds in all 
 thin.,-, and is plentifiillv fiippliid lintii the province 
 of .\logo(lan in Pcifia, and the Iflands Kcylhom, 
 Laree, and others. Alout the year I i; j, king M.ilech 
 C.K/. poll'.ni'il all the land, from the inand Jeiun, 
 10 that of Uahrayn, and bordered upon the king of 
 Goriliinlhah, of the I'rovincc of ■Vlognllan. This 
 king fuhiily obtained of Malcch the illaiid of Jerun, as 
 a place of no worth, and after h.- w.is fortified therein, 
 drove his bcnefaclor out of all his dominions, and 
 tranflaiing thecit) of ()rmu7., where the k'og kept his 
 court before, to this ifland, he grew lo f>iniiiilablc, 
 that the king of Ptrfia, fearing he would relufe to pay 
 the tribute t)ieothi.i had done, prepared to.invadchiini 
 but he of Cjordunlhah prevented him, by impofing on 
 himlelf a yearly tribute, and otlVring to do homage by 
 his ambanadors, every five years. In this tyrant 
 began the city and kingdom of Ormuz, afterwards 
 poflclTed by his heirs, and others, for the moft part 
 violently. 
 
 About the end ot" September, when Alburquerque 
 arrived there, S.iyl'addin, a yoiiih of twelve years of 
 age, reigned ; and over him, his flave Chojah Atiar, 
 a man fubtic and cour.igeous, who bearing what had 
 been done by that commander, made preparations, 
 laying an embargo upon the (hips in the harbour, 
 and hiring tiiHips from the neighbouring provinces, 
 Perfians, Arabians, and others, fo that when the 
 
 Vol. 1. N 25. 
 
 Portuguefe (l.et enlerrd the port, lhri\: Wfre in ihff 1507 
 
 town jo,ooo lighting men j .niiong ilum 4' " Perli..ii«, < — .— 
 molt expert aiiliers ^ and in the hailmur, 4novilM-, 
 lixty of coiifidiiable bulk, v\ iih ZS^Q ni n. A'biii- 
 i|iH'ri|ur, to ftiew tholi p. oplt- the gnalnefs i.f hia 
 lelMluiiiiii, (.line til an an>h>ir aiiK.n", live of t'la 
 largif) lliip., firing his 1 .innon tolliike a ii rror al"ii;{ 
 the Ihore, which was Ikihi coveieil with almvc ncii) 
 linn, h'iiiilin^ iiiiinin'a^e came fmin the kin},, lie 
 (lilt on hiiaiil the bii'gell nf tliofe fliips, which was of 
 Cinihiy.l, jiiil In iiii il III lide adiniul: the capt.iill 
 aIhtioI prelenlly npaiiid 10 hiiii, and was riceiMil 
 with caility ami llaie. Alh<i<i|ii< rqiic lold him, he 
 had ordeis lo l.iki iIk king ol ()iniu/, inlii his piu- 
 teCliiin, and j.'r.mt him h-nr tu tiade in ihofc l\..s, 
 pnniiUd he paid a ri.ilonable tiibute : but in c;.fc of 
 i1.l11l.1l, he W.IS lo make war. 
 
 The .Moors <l< liveikd his mefTagc to the king and hi« 
 ^n\erii.ir C'hujali Attir, who prtfeiilly ictuinnl with 
 I lie L'hojali lleyram, to cnsiiIc their not hating lent 
 to knim' what (he PortiigU' fr deinaniled in that purt, 
 promili;.^ the goMinor (hould come next day. lie 
 came imt, but the nienaget continued, in oidci to 
 gaiii tune to foriily the citv, and receive l.other liip- 
 nliis, Albiiri|uer(|ue lav« into (he ma(ter, ami tolJ 
 neyra.n, he laedonly nturn with the aceep'ition of 
 peace as i.lfiud, or the declaration ol war. Ueyrani 
 brought word, that Ormut ufed nut to pay, but re- 
 ceive tribute. As night drew on, the noile of w.iilike 
 inHruments and Ihuuts was heard from all parts. 
 The morning difcovercil the walls, (hores, and vedlls, 
 crowded with armed men, while the windows and 
 tops of the houfes were filled with both lexis, and all 
 ages, as fpei^lators of what lliould eiifiie. AUuiniucr- 
 quc began to play his cannon furioufly, and was an- 
 fwcrcd by the enemy j who taking aJi.iiit.i^r of the 
 finokc, which hindered the light, attaiked his fhips 
 with I JO boats well manned, w liich did luine damage, 
 with Ibuwers of arrows ; but received more, many 
 being funk, and the rell forced by the aiiillery to 
 retire. Yet they made a fecond onfet j but Were fo 
 ri-ceivcd that the fea w.is coloured with blood, 
 
 Hy thistimcAlburi|ueriiiie had funk two of the great 
 (1ii|is, and taken a third, thuugh with great opponiion } 
 loit iim the Moois to leap into the (la ; me.in time, 
 thj rcTt of the Captains had niailered other fiiips, 
 and tunning along the lhu:e, fit tire to above thirty 
 more, which cutting their cabLs were drove flaming 
 upon the Perfian coall, where they burned olhtrs that 
 lay aground, this ({ruck fo great a terror inio all that 
 multitude, that they fled to the city j and Chojah 
 Attar fending toofllr Alburquerque all that had been 
 demanded, he (lopped farther proceedings ; but per- 
 ceiving the deceitfiilncfs of the Moors, threatened 
 much worfe efTeiits of his anger, in cafe he pcrfiftcd 
 in his wiles. Thus, with thclol's of only tnmen, moft 
 of the enemy's vrlVcls full of richet, were either burnr, 
 funk, or torn to pieces, and 1700 of them killed, 
 Ihe dead bodies flo.iting upon the water. Many were 
 feen with ornaments of beaten gold, which the 
 Portu^utfc tifhcdfor, who obfcrvcd that fevcral were 
 wounded with their own arrows; there being none 
 ufed among thj Portuguefe. 
 
 Chojah Attar, conlmering the damage received, and 
 what might enfue, called a council i wherein it was 
 agreed to fubmit to Alburqucrque's dcmaiuis. The 
 articles were drawn, and fworii to by both parties : 
 their fubllance was, that the king of Ormua did 
 fubmit himfelf to king Emanuel, t" the tribute of 
 15000 xeraphiiK'S yeaily ; and Ihoiild adign (he Por- 
 tuguefe ground to build a fort. The fort was imme- 
 diately begun, and much advanced in a few days ; 
 but Chojah Attar could not bear with it. He feigned 
 that ambad'adors were come to receive the tribute they 
 ufed to pay to the king of Perlia ; therefore defired 
 Alburquerque to give them nn anfwer, fincc his 
 king was now fiibji cl to the king of Portugal, He 
 gu, Tl 1 at the dedj^ii, and defired Chojah Attar would 
 fui.l fomibody to him, who might carry the anfwer. 
 The me(reiigers beiiiij come, he put bullets and 
 
 I 
 
 1 ' 
 
 D 
 
 Ipeari 
 
i8] 
 
 PORTUGUESE VOYAGES 
 
 ije7 
 
 Milatriligi 
 there. 
 
 rpcflri Into ihrir hanili, trllmg them, that wji th* 
 'coin the trilnite (houU be |iai>l in. Oiojih Attar, 
 fiiidiiij; hi« plot fail, cmlcuvuured to cutriipl the 
 l'ortu,;iit(c with money, and prevailed with live fci- 
 nicn. One of them wji a fuuiidrr, who laK lonie 
 raniRifi there i and another inlormcd hini, that the 
 •nuny were not ^bO in numiwr t animatid hy tliii, lie 
 iluditil to break ihi- peace, relufln); to dcliter up thele 
 men, and pretended at the lame time, it wat Albiir- 
 querqiic whn liiukc it, Albur(|ueri|ue be|;an to re- 
 venge thi« .ifl'iunt, but with little CiKccri, brcaufc the 
 captains cniplnyeil, np|)ored it. Cluijah Attar p'r- 
 ccivinii thi>, at night lired a boat the I'ortiigiicli: were 
 Iniildingun ihefhoie} and at the fame time, one of 
 lht.'dc<i'ilcr> cried I'rom the wall, *' Alphonrudc Al- 
 biirqucr(|ui', defend the boat with your 400 men, and 
 you Ihall meet 700 arclicts." Nor was this to be pon- 
 dered at, fliicc tome of the captains thenifclvesgave 
 intelligence to tlic enemy, and pcrfuaded thole five to 
 del'crt. Albiirquirque burning with rage, attempted 
 to fire fume (hips in (hearl'enal ; but I'aiTin^, refolved 
 next to bifu'gc the city, and having taken Imne that 
 caiiicd in provifions, cut off their nands, run and 
 llo^c^, and Tent them in, to the great terror of .ill the 
 inhabiiants. There was a hot difpute about filling up 
 fome welli thatfupplied th' befieged : inlumueh that 
 ihiy were filled withcarcaflesof men ami h<irle<, the 
 capl.iin and guard that maintained them, bein;; all 
 (lain. 'I heking and Chojah Attar, came to lecond 
 Ihisaininn, and Alhurquerque was in groit danger, 
 Ills retreat being cut off; but a fortunate cannon 
 ball opciii-d the way, putting the enemy's horl'e into 
 coiifuiion. Alhurquerque in ihcfe aittioiis found his 
 men ill-difpnfcd to obey : amon^ the rcfl three cap- 
 tains, refulving to leave hiin, and f.iil for India, drew 
 up a pa|>cr of rcl'olutions, why he ought to defilf from 
 that ciiteiprifc, which the general gave to one of the 
 niafons, to lay under a ftone in the work, faying, 
 he hiid anfwered, and would be glad to fee who dared 
 to remove the (lone to read his ani'wer. Though each 
 VMS much ofTended at this, yet none replied : but 
 jealous about the commaiiil of the fort when built, 
 the tlirte captains put in execution their defign of 
 ciuittini; him. This troubled Alburqucrque, yet he 
 rcfohejnot todcfift, although two captains that (laid 
 s»ith linn, oppofed him, defirous to accompany the 
 others : but he ul'ed them with fo much fevcrity, that 
 they were forced to obey him. 
 
 From bahrayn u> Ki.y(hom failed a fleet with re- 
 lief of men and provifions, which Alhurquerque pur- 
 fucd i but mirtinKof it, fell upon a country-noufc of 
 the king's, guarded by three hundred foot, and fixty 
 liorfe, and beat them out, killingcighty, with the loU 
 of one man. He returneil to Keyfhom, and fell up- 
 on eco archei'S, fcnt to Ormuz by the king of Laz, 
 (in I'erfia) under the command of his two nephews, 
 and flew them, and moll of their men, though he 
 had but eighty with him. The brothers he fent to 
 Chojah Attar, as a prefcnt. The town was burnt ; 
 and there was taken among the plunder a carpet fo 
 large, that the foldiers were about cutting it, for the 
 conveniency of carriage, which was prevented by Al- 
 burqucrque, who bought and fent it to St. J.igo, In 
 Cjalicia. Finding he had but few men left, thofe much 
 harrall'ed, and winter coming on, he refolved to go 
 to Socotra, and gave leave to Juan dc Nueva to fail 
 toT India, where he had comm.indcd a fleet before. 
 
 Alburqucrque wintered at Socotra, and relieved the 
 Portueucfc, who were there oppreiTed by famine. To 
 this cneifl, he went himfelf with his fhip to Cape 
 Guardafu, and feni others towards Melinda, and 
 Cape Fum, to feizc fome (hips for the ufi; of their 
 provifioni;, which put a ftop to the growing evil. H( 
 then rcfohtd for Ormuz, though too wcik to eftcifl 
 what he intended ; yet at leaft to found the defigns of 
 the king and his friend Chojah Attar. Bythe^/ay 
 he rtfoli cd to be revenged on Calayat, for injuries done 
 to fome Portutruefe. This town is fcated beyond Cape 
 Siagro, calleci alfo Cape Refclgat, at the mouth of 
 tlie Pctfiin Uulpb. On the back of it is a mountain, 
 
 which hu only fome ^ffvi that cprn 1 rommuiilci' 
 tion with the neighbouiing cuiiniry. < iiie iil ihelir 
 p.^llcs •> jult op|H)fittf to the town, tlirough whuh 
 IS man.iged molt of the tratle of that province of 
 Arabia, called Yemen, which is lull nl populuut 
 lilies, fruitful, and uf great trade. Albuiqui iqii.' 
 no luontr ariiverf, but fie landed, and enicud the 
 town, fome uf whole iiih.ibiiants fled tu the murii- 
 tains, and oilMrt were llain in the Diccli, He lluvd 
 there three nililits, upon one of which, a ihoul.iiid 
 MeMrs, getting in by furprili-, did mueli hurt : but 
 the I'uitugutffe gathciing, killed many- and put the 
 reft to flight, and burneiTth'; phce. They got a j^rcu 
 quantity of provifions, whit was moll of the booty v 
 and arrivcti at Urinu« the ijtb of September. Al- 
 phonib de Alburqurrtiue prclenlly advertifed the king, 
 and Chojah Altar of lii> arrival, and (hey aiifwereu, 
 that as lor the tribute of 15,000 xcrapnines, they 
 would readily pay it, but would not confent to 
 the building a furl. He therefore refolved again to 
 bcfiece the ifland, and ordered Martin Coello, with 
 his mip, to guard the Point Turumbaca, where tli« 
 wells were : Dicgu de Melo was polled oiipofite tu the 
 Idand Keyfliom i he-, aiul Krancifciide 'ravura before 
 the city. Thcn.c he vieweel the llrenglli uf the fort, 
 fur Chojah Attar had finiflted it, making ufe of what 
 the I'ortugucfc had begun, the better to oppol'e them. 
 The fucccfs was much as before ; Diego de Mela, 
 with eight private men, were killeel, anef he himfelf 
 in great danger. After this, he returned to Iiulia, 
 having taken a fliip that carried much pearl from 
 Bahrayn, and Francil'codc Tavora one of Mecca. 
 
 While this happened at Ormuz, the fultan of 
 Cairo fcnt out a fle.t of twelve fail, and 15000 men, 
 commandeil by Mir HuliVyn, to eipnofe the I'ortu- 
 gue'l'c in India. 1!, lh« way he attacked Imbn, aiul 
 killed the Slieikh ; • id the Umc at Joeldah, and 
 got great pluMeler, and then failed to Oiu, wheiu 
 Alalec \iL cominanJ..d for the king of Cainbaya, 
 wham he was to jeiin, and treat with, in order le> 
 oppofc the Portuguele. The timber whereof theCe 
 ihips were built, was cut in the mnuntains of I)al- 
 matia, by procurement uf the Vcnttiaiii (us was laid) 
 becaufe the fultan and Turk were at variance. A 
 ni;j)hcwof the fultan carried it in 25 fliips, with 800 
 mamalukcs, befides leamen. Andrio de Amarall, a 
 Portugucfe, commanded then the galleys of Malta. 
 He knowing that timber was deiigned againd his 
 countrymen in India, attacke'd the 25 fliips of tlii: 
 enemy, with 600 men in four galleys, and fix fliips, 
 and after a ftiarp engagement, that l.idcd thre'e hours, 
 took feven and funk five. The red fled to Alexan- 
 dria, whence the timber was carried up the Nile to 
 Cairo, and thence on camels to Suez. 
 
 At this time the viceroy Don Francifco de Almcv- 
 da, was upon thccoaft of Malabar, and had lent liis ''"'^"p*'' 
 fon Don Lorenzo, to guard thofe of Cananor and i '"i,'i, ' * ., 
 Cochin, and ran us far as Chaul with eight (hips : ' 
 Chaul is featcd on the bank of a river, two leagues 
 from the fea, one of the chief of that coafl fur great- 
 nefs and trade, fubje£i to the Nizamaluco, by whole 
 order Don Lorenzo was well leccived. 'I hey had 
 fome intelligence of the fleet of the fultan, but gave 
 nocreditto it, till it appeared in fight, as Don Lo- 
 renzo was diverting himfelf on fhoic with his officers. 
 They hailed to the fliips, giving fuch orders as tho 
 (hortnefs uf time permitted, and wore fcarcc aboard, 
 when the enemy entered the harbour with many dc- 
 monflrations ot joy. For Mir HufTern thought him- 
 felf fecure of vidory by furprifing the Portu^iKfcfhips, 
 and defigned to board the admiral himfelf? Cominv 
 up with Don Lorenzo, he poured in ball, arrows ana 
 granadocf., with other fire-wnrks, but was fo well an- 
 Iwered, that he gave over the refolution of boarding, 
 though the Portugucfe vefTels vsere much lefs than his : 
 the others had no better fucccfs ; and now night ap- 
 proaching, gave them time to prepare againfl next 
 morning. As foon as day appeared, Don Lorenz9 
 gave the fignal for battle i and, in his turn, cndca- 
 vuured to board Mir HulTeyn. The like wai done 
 6 by 
 
-r O T H F. FAST I N I) I F S. 
 
 %»i 
 
 by ih,; olhir c.ipi»iiisi but only iwo (;.illcv< I'ailnl, 
 knd look two u( tUv cnriny, huviii;; pur jII iIic nu'ii 
 
 lo the (word, 
 
 Ml 
 
 raiivtliilc thr canniiii W4» lutioii 
 
 lly 
 
 t 
 
 laycil on bolli liiiif, and (he I'urlu^uiti; In-nicd I 
 jvo the idvjnl.i^^', wlirii iVUIi-c A/./, lord i<t Dm, 
 canic with .1 great number o( lin.i|l vcllU* well iii.in- 
 nrd, to ihr a(hlUiiceiil Mirliuircvn, I)..'i I.nrrn/o 
 fcMt two gallryi, and ihrcc laravaft lu hind'.r llir .i|i- 
 
 fnojch <it the riluf, which cxccutu their commillinn 
 a i'rtrctii.illy, lh.it thi'y ubliucd ihcni t" flv tu ano- 
 ther place li>r flicker 1 and the finht cnntmutd till 
 ninht parted llnin, rath llriving in conceal lii< l(il» 
 froir. the ullier. The I'ortugiielc t.iptaini h iung met 
 in council, Ihry judged It ralhncli lo perfill in that 
 cnlerprife, finer M.ilec A/-« »a* I'o near with I'uch 
 nowcrlul afliilanee : and allcd;;ed, that it would 
 be much better to liike tlir open fea, either in or- 
 der In efcape, or to light with leU ililidvantaKe. Don 
 Lorenzo remembering the anger nf his father for not 
 fighting the fleet of Calicut in the river of Dabul, 
 and fearing hit retreat might be termed a fearful flight, 
 refolutcly expciU-d the morning, only making lome 
 motioni to fave the Ihipt of Cochin that were in great 
 danger. 
 
 Malec Aiz imagining thit motion wai in order to 
 lly, launrhcd out from hit retreat, not at all d.iuiitcd 
 to li» fo many of hu velfelii torn in piece* by the I'or- 
 tuguefe camion, and charged briHtly. Unluckily at 
 this time, Don Lorenzo's (hip running fmil of loine 
 flakes that wcic drove in the river, let in fu much wa- 
 ter, thai thcrew.. no preventing her from finking, iho' 
 that brave cnnimaiidcr laboured indefuigalily, till a 
 ball broke hi> ihi^Ji i then ordering himU If lobe fel 
 againft themaiiun.ilt, he Hood, encouraging his men, 
 till another ball broke hit back, and killed him. T!ie 
 hodv bring thrown beneath deck, was fullowol >lowii 
 by Gato, his piige, \< ho bewailed him with tears ol 
 blon<l as well an watu, bting flint through the eye 
 with an arrow. After a vigorous refiltance, the Moort 
 enlend the fliip, and found the page by his malUr's 
 body, who rifiii^, killed as many as covered it, and 
 then tlieil npcui lliem. The fliip funk at lafl. Of 
 above one hundred men that were with Don Lorinzo, 
 only iqcfca|>cd. In all the fliips were loll 140 i of 
 the enemy boo. Two other captains got to Cochin, 
 where the viceroy then was, anil received the news of 
 his Ion's death with a wonderful refolution. 
 
 Soon after he received a letter ttom M.ilrr Azz. 
 This man, born in (lavery, and dcfcendid ot the hc- 
 fetic Chriftians of Roxia, rofc by degrees to the height 
 he then appeared in. But the principal aiition that 
 advanced him was very trivial. It liemsa kiteflying 
 over the king of Cambaya, dunged u|)on his head, 
 whereat in a paflion he faid, " I would give all I am 
 worth, that bird were killed." Malec Azz, who 
 was an expert bowman, no fooner heard this, but he 
 let fly an arrow, which brought down the kite. The 
 king rewarded this exploit fo bnunt'l'ully, that the 
 archer came 10 be made lord of Diu, a moll famous 
 city; which bcinf; feated on a triangular prninfula, 
 joined to the continent by a very fniall ilthnuts, is 
 commonly reputed an ifland. Malec Azz endea- 
 voured politically to fecure himfelf at the fame time, 
 bo;h with the king of Cambaya, and the Portuguefr, 
 whofc power he feared, and hated, for the damage 
 they brought on the trade of Diu. With this view he 
 font the 19 prifoncrs to the king of Cambava, and 
 then wrote to the viceroy, condoling the death of his 
 Ton, whofe bravery lie extolled, and ofl^ered to ran- 
 fom the prifoners : endeavouring this way lo appeafc 
 the wrath he knew he had provoked, by aflifting Mir 
 Hufleyn, which was the caufe of all .he Portuguefe 
 lofs. 
 
 About the bi^ginning of April, 17 (hips failed from 
 Lilbon, which being all fepiratcd by bad weather, 
 nt length met at Mozambique, except one that was 
 call away on the iflands of 'I'riilan dc Cunna : thefe 
 fliip<, with thofe of the foregoing year, came together 
 to India, and raifcd the courage of the Portuguefe. 
 I'hc king had ordered that Don Franctfc9 de Almeyda 
 
 (hould rrfign the government to Al'>ur«iiti"r(i"-, flPil \<;-^ 
 
 eluiil hi'ine in oik- '>I the ti.i 
 
 III 
 
 l ,1 he fiil- 
 
 S^^'S* 
 
 iimleJ llu iXeciilK f llli> 0.111.1, under i>riUnceot 
 
 'ring ahiady cngased in laliiig revenue ol Mir 
 Hull )n, and the Turk-, who h.id killul \v . C'li, 
 an. I htniiiion rofr a toiuell, wKitli proMn;; of n>> 
 illicl, Alburiiueriiue otfin.:< 1 ,11 ihi", wciil to Co- 
 n i .ind lliiH wa- iIk- l)n;"i""'g "• I'""' '""'* 1""- 
 ir.iclin;.; the tinir ol tlitir coniin.uid, and olhcis prcfi' 
 
 111^ IIhIII lo (|UI|. 
 
 Alia this, the viceroy having difp.ilchcd iha 
 Ir.iiling fliijit honiiwaid boiiml, uiulcr I'cininde 
 Soaiez, iiiiil Kuy dc Cuniu, who (jeiillnd l.y tho 
 way, l.iiird the iilh ul' DeicnitKr h> in Caninor, 
 lowaids Diu, in purfuit of Mir llulliyii. lie had 
 with him i() NcfleUof feveral fi/is, and in thini l6uo 
 fiddlers and fcamen, whereof ^00 were Malabari. 
 All India was alarmed at tliii motion of ll.c viceroy's, 
 but chiefly thi' Samorin, and M.ilec A//, who had 
 ufcd all necefl'ary prciautioiiH to lUuic himfelf :igaiiift 
 the danger. Don I'ranciico being laiuird with hit 
 "Dicers, in the mod delightful illanil ol Anchcdiva, 
 it was unanimoully refolvid to r.ill upon D.ibul. 
 
 Thi* city it one of the mc^ll noted upon Ih.it court, _ , , . . 
 by rc;ifon of its fituation, griutrnf^ ;iiul trade, fi.itedjj ' """^** 
 on a navigable river, two Uagiies lumi the mouth. 
 The buildings wcie then llatel), the inliahitanis Pa- 
 gans and Moors ) it belonged to Sahay, king of Dc- 
 o.in, ill whofc borders it Hood) and was provided 
 with a good garrifon, bting in fear of the I'ortugucfu 
 power, upon notice of whofe apprcicli, fix ihoiil'anJ 
 ini n were i. nt to reinforce them, and new works raifed, 
 {danted with cannon. However, ilie inhabitants, on 
 ilie vicero) 's approach, began lo li iid awayihcii goods, 
 which the governor forb.iue on pain of death ; and the 
 more to eiicuuragc Ihem, bujughl his own wile into 
 ihc town, which example was followed by many of 
 the principal men, whole wives were alfo at their 
 country-houfcs. IJn llie }Olh of December the fleet 
 entered the port, and every one drove who fliould l.inJ 
 tirfl. The works bcint' hij^h, theftiot flew over the 
 Portuguefe, who hn'ing g.iimd the (hore, divided 
 ihemfelves, in order lo atl.ick three gates at once 1 
 whiih the Moors perceiving, made lo brave a refill* 
 ance at each place, that the de.id bodies caufed a 
 greater flop than the defendants or their works. 
 
 Nunno V'as Percyra being lent to force an entrance 
 another way, after a hot dii'pule, put the Moors, 
 though very numerous, to flight towards the moun- 
 tain, in fuch hurry, that b) falling one over ano- 
 ther, they retarded their own efcape, though purfiied 
 on' . hy ten Portuguefe. In the light, which lalted 
 five hours, I500cf the enemy were killed, with the 
 lofsbiitof 16 Portuguefe. The viceroy dillributed 
 his men through the flreels, with orders to keep 
 guard, expelling the enemy's return ; who accord- 
 ingly, by the favour of the night, dole into the town, 
 hoping to recover their wives, children and goods. 
 In the morning the viceroy gave leave to plunder, 
 which was prevented by the fuddcn firing of the 
 houfes, which in a few hours reduced the whole to 
 aflies i fo that the booty exceeded not 150,000 ducats. 
 This was done by the viceroy's order, left the men 
 taken up with the riches of the place, might retard 
 his other defigns. The fliips in the harbour fuffcred 
 the fame fate. They could get no provifions herea- 
 bouts, becaufe all was dcilroyed by multitudes of lo- 
 culls, whereof many were found in pots, prcfcrvcd 
 by the natives for food. The Portuguefe found them 
 plcafing to the palate, and not unlike ftirimps, fo that 
 they took them for land flirimps. 
 
 On his paflage from Dabul to Diu, the viceroy took 
 fome fliips with Moors, and got provifion for their 
 ranfom. The fecond of February, 1509, he arrived 
 at Diu, which appeared high at Sea, encompaflcd 
 with walls and towers, beautiful and ftrong, populous 
 and well governed j in every thing rcfembling the 
 cities of Spain. Malec Azz, lord of this city, was at 
 thii time abfent twenty leagues oflf with hit army, 
 againft the Rafliputs i but had continual advice of 
 I tho 
 
Jf+ 
 
 PORTUGUESE VOYAGES 
 
 1509 
 
 the motions of the fleet, w hirli was fcarccly anchored 
 Kfore the rity, whon he flew tliiihcr, but without 
 ajiy defign cither to affift Mir HuflVyn, or ex;\r|)ciatc 
 the vioroy ; who in the mnm tinu', conlidercd the 
 rtrong litiiivcion of the place, mticli improved by art, 
 as well as thr courage .ind conduct iit the two Moors, 
 aflitled with ahovc tAO hundred vefli-h , well manned 
 nnd provided. Bciween eight and nine in the morn- 
 ing when there was flood enough for the (hips to fvvim, 
 the admiral gave the fignal for entering the port. 
 Immediately all moved on both Tides with loud (houts, 
 and the found of warlike inftruments. The veilcls of 
 Malec Azz, haUencvl to oppofc theentranci.-, Ihowering 
 bullets .iiid arrows which llcw ten men in Diego 
 I'ercz's Ji-i'ley that led the w.iy, yet Nunno Vai 
 pierctd (nrvvard, .ind pouring his fliot among the 
 great fliip>', funk one to the right ; but bring in dinger 
 bet.veen two others, was rel'cucd by Georgu ile Mello, 
 who, with the other captains, boarded every one his 
 (hips, wliile the viceroy p'^ying his ordnance in the 
 midft of the enemy's vefltls, favoured their defign. 
 The praws of Calicut Hcd at length, fpri'.ading the 
 n'.'.\s a!i)ng the coall, that the Tiirlts were victo- 
 
 riouf. Mir HuflLyn being flighlly wounded, in 
 
 defpair got on ftiore in difguife; and rode to tell the 
 kingof Cambaya the falfehood of Malec A/.7, who had 
 alTilTcd him with his Ihips, but not his |x?rfon. The 
 abfence of Mir HulTeyn did not difcoiirage thofe in 
 his vt (Teh, for being boarded, they foughi witlioat 
 yielding, till they were all flaln. A great fhip be- 
 longing to Malec Azi, was funk, and others taken, 
 Turkifli fleet ^f^^^ which, the viitory being no longer doubtful, 
 " ■ the viceroy made up to the remaining ftiips, with his 
 
 galley and other leller veiUls, and killed all that leap- 
 ed into the fca ; fo that above 1500 were (lain, and 
 but about forty of the Portiiguefe. The plunder of 
 the fhips was very rich ; and by the great variety of 
 volumes in fcv.-ral languages, it was judged that the men 
 were of fevcral nations ; among thefe books there were 
 fome in F^atin, Italian, and Portuguel'e. Of all the 
 \(irels tliat were taken, only two ftiips and four 
 galleys were prefervcd, the reft being burned. M.. tc 
 A/7 next morning pretending to be much pleafcd 
 witii the viceroy's victory, fent Scyd Ali, a Moor of 
 (Ti.in.ada, to congratulate him. Some of the Portu- 
 giKlc conim.'.iuK rs were forin;lhing their ^;ood fortune, 
 and attacking Diu ; which the viceroy wa? againftj 
 bciaufe the kin^of Cnmhaya, to whom the city bclong- 
 ecf, was tliLir friend, the place ilrong, and they much 
 w-.'.kcncd ; nor c-)uUI the town be maintained if taken. 
 Hereupon it was .agreed to liften to the Moor, with 
 wh'.ini a profitaMe peice was fettled; he ilvlivering 
 up many capiive Po:tugucfe, with all th;' .irtillery and 
 Uorts belnn^'ing to 1( .ne Ihips of the Turk', which 
 were afterwards burnt. The viceroy on his return, 
 arriving at Chaul, the king became tributary ; and 
 at Cochin wn: received in a triumphant manner. 
 Here Alphi.ifidc Alhurquerque again prcfling him to 
 deliver up the government, liewa"., at the iiiftigation 
 ofothc.s, f:nt prifoncr to Cananor, and the other 
 comman I r was ftnt to Cochin, and fettled in the 
 governineiit of Inilia. 
 
 On the 19th of November, Almeyda left Cochin, with 
 thrie (hip-;, and pallid th. Cap? ; but putting into the 
 Bay of Saldanna, not f;(r to tin. nort!i, in order to take 
 in wafer, was prevailed on, aguinft his will, to gn 
 afliorc tn p',.;ii(h the black', for knocking out the 
 ifcth of one of his f^rvants who had <Llcrvcd that 
 treatment. There went with him 153 men, th 
 flower of the ftiips enitipanief, to a miferable village, 
 and toi'k fome cattle and children : which the blacks 
 pcrcciviii;:, 170 of them came down from the mount- 
 ain':, whithtr they had fled, and attacked them \i ith 
 their ft) irp pointed (takes (0 fui ioufly lliat tiiey (0011 
 killed hflv, and among them the viceroy, who was 
 ' nrtick thi.'ii;rh the throat. He was fixty years old, 
 of a j^ractful prelcnc, and obliging carriage 1 of 
 fjnmi imijrment, lihvial and grateful. 
 Diiat'j de Liinos hefc)re this, in 1508, being made 
 
 Ahjlf.J* 1 
 
 governor 
 
 ■ f Ktliioma 
 7 
 
 am! Arabia, having failed with 
 
 a fquadron to Mozambique and Melinda, (et Out t6 
 vilit Monfia Zanzibar, P.-mba, ; jid oilier iflands, 
 vyhich neglttted to p.iy tliu ufual tribn'.e. The firft 
 fubmittcj immediately ; but the two latter nuking 
 refiftance, the inhabitants were drivni to the moun- 
 tains, and the towns plundered. Diego Lopez de 
 Sequeira, being intruded with the difcunry of 
 Aiiuijgafear and Malacca lit out for the latter, call- 
 ing at Padir and Pafuin. Their kings fciit him 
 prcfents, and made great offcn of friendlhip. Calling 
 anchor at Malacca, he terrified that coaft « ith hi* 
 cannon. A boat coming to his- ftiip to enquire who 
 they were, they lent woril therewas an amb dladoi from 
 the king of Portugal to the fovercign of that place. 
 The king's aiifwcr was doubtful, as ii ufual vilien 
 men's de(ij,ns are bad; and Hicrom l"i.ixi>ra, 
 who was f,nt a^ aniballadar, was honourably reci .nd, 
 the better to infnare Lopez who .Kccpted of the king's 
 invitation, but did not go i being iiiforn-.ed that the 
 defign was to murder him i and the fon of L'liimuti 
 R.aja was (into; t«>:rd tiin, for while tliirty niiTi 
 were difpatched to another place to t..ke in pepper, by 
 the crafty direiSlions of the king, the Ho t w./; luddeiily 
 attacked by (ivcral vcllels j from which Lop./, at lall 
 freed himlelf, finking (iveral of them j but loft hit 
 thirty men, who were killed in the town. 
 
 Alphonfo dc Alburquerquc no.v nnfiKTed of the 
 government, prepared, along with Don I'ernando 
 Cojtinno, to fall upon Calicut; where they arrived oi» 
 the ii'cond of January, 1509, with thirty vcllels anel 
 eighteen hundred men, b.fides boats of Alalabars, 
 who followed in hopes of plunder. Ev ry one 
 ftrovc to land firft : Coiitinno had 800 men, and 
 (iime field pieces, Alburquerquc had thefame number, 
 be-fides 600 Malabars. 'I'hey marched with more 
 confufion than order, each ftriving to be forcmoft, 
 600 men in the bulwark of S-rani, made a vigorous 
 rdlftance, till Alburquerquc coming up, they quittctl 
 it. Coutinno, upon this,marched forward to the palace 
 of the Samorin, which was T.-. . leagues from the 
 ftiore, where being arrived, much fatigued, '-.is men Calicut pUn- 
 fell to plundering without fhamc or order : butinthe''" 
 interim, thcenemy being reinforced, returned and fell 
 upon the Portugucic, killing many under their bur- 
 dens. Alburquerque, having by tl-.ls time entered and 
 fired the city, marched towards Coutinno, who had 
 lent to him, being in great danger. He (ound him 
 blocked up in the palace : nor could he aflift him, 
 being hindered by the multitude of the enemy, who 
 ftc* many of his men, and wonnelcd him with a 
 dart in the throat, and a ftonein the head, fo gricv- 
 oufly ti'it he was carried (enftleCs to the (horr. By 
 this ti:n , Coutinno and feveral more were flain in 
 the palace : bef des many on the way, who were 
 oppreliid by numbers, fpent with labour and heat, 
 or ftifled with the duft. They had doubilefs all 
 pcrifticd, if 2CC0 men left in the city had not come 
 up in time, and obliged the enemy to retire; they 
 loft in all 80 men. — Alburquerquc upon his return 
 to Cochin, made preparations for a third attempt up- 
 on the ifland of Ormuz. About the end of January, 
 Jic faileil from thence with i 7C0 men, in twenty-one 
 vcftels of feveral fizes. Calling at Onor, hcchanged 
 his defign, by advice of the pirate Fimoja, and went to 
 attack Ooa, in whofc port he anchored on the 25th 
 day of February. 
 
 The idand of Ticuari is fltuated on the coaft of 
 Canara, formed by two mouths of the river Gaflin ; 
 its length from eaft to wed, three leagues; the 
 breadth, one. It coiififts of hills and plains, has good 
 water, is very fruitful, pleal'aiit, beautiful, and 
 healthy. On the north fide of this ifland is feated 
 Cioa, which formerly was on the fiiith. The city now 
 in bein;;, was built by Malech Hulleyn, a Mo€)r, forty 
 years before the arrival of the Portugucfe. It is not 
 known wirn the old one was founded ; but mention 
 is made in fome writings of Montrafat, king thereof, 
 above 100 years before. The Moors began to con- 
 quer India, about the year 13OO. The firft that 
 attempted it with great power, was Nonadiii, kin;- of 
 
 DMi, 
 
 aed. 
 
 Gua. 
 
to 
 
 ft 
 
 <8 
 1- 
 
 de 
 
 of 
 
 11- 
 im 
 "S 
 
 he 
 Mit 
 cc. 
 
 >•», 
 
 '!;'» 
 
 the 
 luti 
 
 iR-n 
 by 
 n!y 
 
 his 
 
 the 
 ndo 
 don 
 and 
 larSf 
 one 
 and 
 iber, 
 nore 
 loft, 
 reus 
 it ted 
 alacc 
 1 the 
 
 men ?»''«« pl»>»- 
 nthe''^"-''- 
 Ifcll 
 bur- 
 I and. 
 
 had 
 
 him 
 him,' 
 
 who 
 
 ith a 
 
 ricv- 
 
 By 
 
 in 
 
 ^crc 
 
 licat, 
 
 come 
 ihey 
 eturn 
 
 up- 
 iury, 
 /-one 
 inged 
 :nt to 
 
 25th 
 
 ift of 
 
 aOin : 
 the 
 good 
 and 
 Ic.itcd 
 
 now Goa. 
 forty 
 not 
 ntioii 
 crcof, 
 con- 
 that 
 inL! of 
 
 TO THE EAST INDIES. 
 
 J8j 
 
 iDchli, with a powtiful army became down from the 
 north, conqiicrini; all the gentiles as far as the kiii^- 
 dom of Canar.1. I'lience he rctumoil to Dchlijlcav- 
 inj; H.ibAl Sh.ili toproltcutc the concjiult : who, by 
 his valiiur aii.l coiuliict, became lo ^leat, tli.u lie 
 coped with his nialkr. His nephew Madura, pro- 
 fccutiiig what his uncle had began, poflillld himfilf 
 cf the kini;ilom of Canara, and carting of his allci^i- 
 ance t^i Sliah Nafradiii, called the kingdom D^-can, 
 from the fundry nations with which he had concjueixil 
 it, this word importing fo much with that language. 
 So great an empire always threatens ruin, Mohammed 
 Sh^ih, fearing this, ufed great induftry tofecure him- 
 f,.!f, which he did for a time; but at length, i'cvcral 
 governors intruded with the command of different 
 provinees, erch^cd them into fovereigntics, (imprifun- 
 iiig their kin" at Belar, the capital of Decaii) 
 The ureati-ft ot thefg was he of Goa, when tlie I'or- 
 tu'jUcie entered India, called Sabay, who dijd about 
 til".' time of Alburqueique's defign upon that city: 
 which the king of Hidalcan, liaJ taken polTelhon 
 of, and put it in tlie hands of his fon Ifmael. I'he 
 other princes were Niznmaluco, Mudr.i Maluco, 
 Malccli Vcrido, Choja Mozadan, Abcxcipado, and 
 Cotimaluco, all great princes, and foreigners (except 
 Nizamakico). babay was born at Saba, a city of 
 Perfia, of vci v mean extrailion : but fi.r\vJ the king 
 of Uecan fo fortunately, that he gave him the city 
 of Chilbert^a. Thence he extended his coiiqiicft over 
 the gentiles of Bifnagar ; and afterwards took the 
 iflaiid of (joa, (which not long before had been feized 
 by the Moors, who cnmc trom Onor) : Ma'.cch 
 Fhideyn, who was then lord of it, and defended it 
 with 1200 men, being killed in the attack. Goa 
 had fcveral dependencies, with which, and others he 
 conquered, Sabay hceamc the moft powerful of tl'.ofe 
 princes ; agaiiifl whom he maintained hinifelf while 
 he lived ; but his death produced great alteration. 
 Albarquerquc having fent his nephew Don Antonio 
 do Noronna, and 1 imoja, to found the river, on 
 \Nliofe hanks Goa is feated, found a fort well furnidied 
 with guns, and 400 men J which they attacked and 
 took, after a ftout rcfillance made by the commander, 
 a vali.int 'I'urk. This man flying to the city, Timoja 
 took another bulwark with ^o men. The next day as 
 Alburquerque entered the iiver, he was met by Mir 
 Ali, and other chief perfons of the city, who came to 
 furrender It, on conditions, that their lives, liberties, 
 and cftates, Ihould be fecurcd. This uncxpeftcd 
 furrender was o«ing to the terror which feized them 
 on the report the commander made of what he had 
 Iccn a few Portugucle do, and to the prediilion of 
 a Joyhi, (one of their religious men) who not long 
 before had declared, that the place ihould foon be fub- 
 jedl to ftrangers. On the 17th of February, Albur- 
 querque was received by thole on fliore, as if he had 
 been their natural prince ; and mounting a horle, 
 they brought him rich furniture, at the gate received 
 th^ keys, and went on to the palace built by Sabay j 
 from whtiicc hcdifpatchedembaflies to divers princes, 
 four months after, the Moors in the town, who had 
 ddivercd it up fo ealily only to avoid their own ruin, 
 and gain time till relief came, revolted, Ifmael Hidal- 
 can (Adel Chan) fet out with a great power, to 
 adid the icvolters J fending before his great general. 
 Camel Chan, with 15CO horfc, and 8000 foot. Al- 
 burquerque having feizcd and put to death the heads 
 of the confpiracy, prepared the heft he could for his 
 defence, however, Camel Chan, with fome lofs, 
 entered the ifland and cncompafled the city (whither 
 the Portuguefe retired) playing his cannon to good 
 etFeift. Alburquerque indeed did all that could be 
 cxpcfled from him ; but Add Chan con.ing up with 
 6000 men, whereof jcoo were horfe, it was rtfolvcd 
 ill council to abandon the city in thcniuht. This was 
 executed with great ha/.ard ; for Add Chan had begun 
 to cut oft" their retreat to the Ihips, in which Albur- 
 querque had his hiirl'e killed : yet got oft' without lofs, 
 after a feige of twenty ilavs. Alburquerque being 
 feinfiirccd by diips fi^jm Portugal, the fame year, 
 Vol.1 -' 
 
 by diips 
 N- 25. 
 
 1510, fet out from Cananor with twcnty-thrcc f.iil, I5i3- 
 and 1500 lighting men. At Onor he landed, to be ' » * 
 prefent at limoja's wedding, who married the iLiugli- 
 tirnfaqueen: and lint with him three Ihijx, pro- 
 niiding U) join him at Cioa with Oooo nun. On the 
 ;.2d<if November, the \ic.roy anchored a licond time 
 hct'ore that city, and at break of day aiV.iulted it, with 
 great r.aughtcr ; the I'ortiiguefc entering with the 
 enemy, who fled, and doing gitat execution in the 
 drcet.'.. The f.ght was furioufly rcivjwed at the 
 p.ibee, with great danger to the Hortuguefe, but Al- 
 burquerque coming up, the Moors abandoned the city, 
 and, endeavouring to get over to the continent, tin i^ugU 
 hade and confuiion, perifhed in the river. Out of 
 gcoo men who defended the town, 6ooo were de- 
 droyed, and but fifty Hoituguefe lod in the attack. 
 riie booty of horfes, artillery, provilions, and fliiji.-, 
 was cxcellivc. Not one Moor was left alive in the 
 idiiid: but thcgcnfiles were rcftorcd to their pod'cf- 
 lions and ihegoveriiinentol them given to Timoj.!, who 
 came not till the city was taken. After this, Albur- 
 querque received ambadadors with congratulations 
 from I'everal princes of Malabar: and laid the founda- 
 tion of a fort; which he called Emanuel. He alio 
 coined filver and copper money ; his intention being 
 to make Cioa the Portugucfe bulwark in India. Having 
 left 4C0 I'ortuguefc for the defence of it, and 5000 
 gentiles under Melaru, nephew to the king of Onor, 
 to fccurc tho-country ; and to feek revenge, he rc- 
 turiud to Cochin : where, under pretence of going 
 againli the city of Ad:ii, in Arabia, (according to 
 the king's inftruclions) he prepared for the conqueft 
 ot Malacca. The city of Malacca is fituated on \r,ilacc» if 
 what is commonly called the Auiva Cherloncfus, or '"'''^^J- 
 Gidden IVninfula, and about the middle of the chan- 
 nel, which parts the ifland of Sumatra from the 
 continent. It lies in fomcwhat more than two degrees 
 of north latitude, ftrctched along the flioie about a 
 league, in the fame manner as Lifbon. It is divided 
 bv a river, and the two parts joined by a bridge. 
 'I'he buildings were of wood, except the mol'quc and 
 palace, which were of done. It afforded a pkaf.int 
 profptct to the fea, and was well fecurcd with forti- 
 fications. The port was filled with abundance of 
 Ihips, as being the great market of all thofe parts. 
 It was firft built by the Selates, a people for the mod: 
 pait employed in filhing, who joined themfelves to 
 the Malays that before inhabited the mountains. 
 
 They were afliftcd by Parifamorn, to whom thev' 
 fuhmittcd. He had been a conliderable perfon in 
 the ifland of Java: but being expelled by a tyrant, 
 who ufurped his lordfliip, he fled to Sincnpura, and 
 was well entertained by the king, agaiiid whom, 
 however, he rebelled, and was again cart out by the 
 king of Siam, and lo forced to wander .about Malacca. 
 Yet having increaled the new colony, he gave it the 
 name of his own Fortune ; for Malacca, in the Ma- 
 hayan language, fignifies a baniflied man. The firft 
 king of Malacca was the fonof Parifamora, fubjeiSl to 
 the king of Siam, from whom his fuccellbrs revolted. 
 The country of Mal.icca is fubjeiS to inundations, 
 full of thick wootls, full of hurtful and dangerous 
 creatures, chiefly tygers, which obliges many people 
 to pafs their nights on the tops of high trees ; becaufe 
 thev fetch them oft" the low ones with a leap. The 
 trade of the eaft and weft makes Malacca moll rich and 
 populous. 
 
 Mohammed reigned at this time ; againft whom the 
 king of Siam had fent an army cf 40,000 men ; niolb 
 whereof perilhcd by fundry accidints, and partly by 
 the treachery which that king praiifilid againft Diego 
 Lopez de Syqucra.- But now came Alburquerque to 
 revenge them all. Mohamiiud therefore brought to 
 his aid the king of Pahang, with a i;rcat force ; and 
 had now 30,000 men, and 8000 pieces of cannon. 
 
 On the ad of M. ay, 151 1, Alburquerque fet out 
 from Cochin for Malacca, with ig fail, and 1400 
 fightiiiiT men, 800 of whom were Portugucfe, the 
 reft Malabars. In the way they took five ihips of the 
 
 !! 
 
 '' 
 
 vay they I 
 vca, off 
 
 Moors, bound for Malacca, off Cr)lun, Being ar- 
 4 ^ tivcd 
 
 / 
 
ifS 
 
 rORTUGUESE VOYAGES 
 
 ! 
 
 151;; in til on til., eciilt ol Sumatra, tlit kings of Padli and 
 
 ■ ,_—> Pii/.alimi lent li'iiic MoDrs to \ilit Inm. Nchoada 
 
 Hijiln.'.!, WHO !i.i>l a cnicf li.uul in the treachery ol 
 Miil.irr.i, was c.lc^ii ..t I'oa , — ..iiJ hiii. \vc are told that 
 not OIK' drop ct iih'nd, tht>u^;,h pitrctd with llvcral 
 inorlal wciiiiJ*, ill'unl fioin h:iii j hut a bracelet ho- 
 ingliikon oli' lii^ arm, l;c hlcJ pknt iully. The In- 
 dians, V. l.oi!i;covLrtil the f.crit, faij it «as the bone 
 of a beall that brnds in J.iva. It was tftecmcd a 
 i^rc;.t prize, end b;uUj;lit to Al'.>uniiiert]ue. — The 
 leader v, ill jii i^e the truth ol tlii» Itory.- •They 
 nc\t niir a venlT with ^00 ^;■J^rs, lb relolutc, that 
 MhiMq'i.nnie was forced to Come lip hinifclf to take 
 It, i..'t '• 'th' !il d.!i'j;'T. Tiie full cf July the ll^ct 
 ^ irhoreJ in t!iC p\>:i lM M.ilieca, and teriili.d the 
 penp.- • 11 fhfre Witii the noil'c of wr''- /ilUumi.ius 
 andi^'nnon. i ii. revi d ij .1 Muir 1 .mi. from the kinj; 
 t.) tel! the viceroy, that if he came for merchamlile 
 il was ready. 1 he ir.elT^nper wa.s received with great 
 italj nnJ courte:'"y. The anlV.tr was, 1 liat the mer- 
 ih.nn.lilc foi.ght for waj I'riie rortiigiicfe left there 
 In Sci]iicvi.i, and ih.it haiinj; gotten them, he would 
 let the ki.'ij kii'>u- hi. f.",iiher demand-', lieing terri- 
 ll.d with this anfwer, it was a;;recil to buy off the 
 iI.in^iT, bv ml Mill;? the I'orlu^uelj and p.ivin;^a I'laii 
 of moiii V ; luit I'rince Aladin, his brother-in-law, the 
 kin^uf I'.iliar.j', hindrrtdih.-kin^4fromfiii!o!ii;j:. There- 
 upon Albuii]ii'':qm" began li-mc military execution, 
 which obliuv J i':i kill;.; to rcKorc the captives, and (end 
 i'lhi r med'a^i s, 10 wiiicii the viceroy returned for an- 
 I'.VLi, thuheoft'eri Jhim p'..'f ■: u prm condition he perm it- 
 led hi.n in iuintiv tor. lii'c a lurithercandiciiaid the charge 
 of his and Sn|iieyra's coming to that port ; fince h:s 
 fall', hood had bei'U the e.'^fe of all thedamn'^e fiillained, 
 and that he mull inftanilv return an anfv.er, whether 
 he chole pence or war. Ihe kin;; dtfiied an aecom- 
 inodation, but hi.s fon ^nd hrothcr-in-lawoppofed it. 
 
 The viceroy landed his men on the 24th of July. 
 The hnttell(;f thedifputc was about gaining I he bridge; 
 wh.ihwas defended by the prince, and the king el 
 I'ahan^ ; King Moh.u.;:r.ed came there alio hinililf, 
 en a large elephant, with two more carrying c.iilks 
 on thir backs, from whence fi, .v fhowcrs of d.irts j 
 but the h'lll.s b;-ing wounded, fled j and tiampling 
 down their own men, made \v..y for the reft of the 
 PorMtiiRx to jiMii ihofe al tlieb;i.lge, where Albur- 
 t]uerc,iie forlifieilhinif.lf : however, his men bcinglaint 
 thro' heat and want of fond, towards night he retired 
 « ith them to the fliip , where ten died of bounds by 
 poifoned arrnw ; the enemv's lufs was not owned. 
 The king of I'.diang went away on pretence of bring- 
 ing a r;eruit, but returned no more. Mc .111 while, 
 Krig Mohammed w.-.s bu.led in uiideimining the 
 ftreets, and civcriii'.: th'.m with polf.med thorns ; 
 being indelliioii'i alfo to fccure the hiidj;e, Albiir- 
 querquc lent Ai.t( nio dc Abrieu in a vtfiil well man- 
 ned, to 2''in it : he palV: ! through fliiwcrs of bullets, 
 and tl.ou^Ji deCpm.tily wounded, would not be brought 
 olF. Then floats of wil I fur wtie driven along the 
 rivtr to bum hii fhij), which w.is picvenud by Al- 
 b'.ir(|u'r;jiie'> gaining the biidgi-, whothen entered the 
 Ci: V ihr.i (liowers of bullet^, arrou's and darts. Avoid- 
 ing the iniiies ill tb- broad ftrcet,hcg::incd the mofi]iie, 
 and, at hfl, "ith great (laughter of the cneni) , 
 get pofTertion of tlie eliv, having wiih him in this 
 
 ae'Uon, only !■' Pmiiisuif-, and 2C0 M..labars. 
 
 In nine days time, nil tin M'ors uere killril or driven 
 out of that great city, which was pcopl d .igain by 
 ftran^ers and foni'? .Malabar", to whun leave was 
 ptantiil. Among them ctiv.e Utimiiti R.ija, that 
 poweiful native of Java, wliofe fon was liktly to have 
 killed Sequcvra. The fiddlers had three days liht-rlv 
 to plunder, There were found y "o pieces of great 
 cat.non, <'Ut of 8c^o that King .Moh::mm' d relied 
 upon, who with the reft retired to Dintam (liir.tang) 
 wheie he and Pi ince Aladin fortified thvmfiiies, but 
 Albiirrutrque fending thither 4CO of his men, alonu 
 with 4^- of Utilniiti Raja's, and jCO belonginLr to 
 the nurchants of Pegu ; they put the prince to (lijlit, 
 and took ftven elephants with coHly trapping--. Mo- 
 
 hammed, who now wandcicd in ilu' woods with h'.l 
 loii,wdiofeobllinaey heblan-.ed, and ih> y lell.it \ .iriai.ec 
 and parted. — Alburnuerque inHaiuly built a fort iit 
 .M.daeca, (whiili (or its beauty lie called ll.irmola) 
 and a church. Me alfo coined money, as lie h.id done 
 at Gna, ol dineieiit Ipicies, and fcatlerid fume amon<( 
 the people, by which, and other fuch l|deiuliil .le- 
 tions, he g.iined the hearts of the lliangeis, and fe- 
 cured this moll important place, Alburqiieniue know- 
 ing it is fonutiincs convenient to trull an enemy, gave 
 the command of the men in tlieeiiy to Utimuu Raja, 
 but difcovcring that he correfpoiided with i'riiice 
 .Madin, on pretence of iiftoring I'im, but in reality to 
 (i.1 up himlelf i he, his fon, and I'ln-in-l.iw, were 
 appieliendid i and, after convislion, publnlv exe- 
 cuted on the fs.iffeld they li.al ertcLd ha o.'cjuev la, 
 riiis was the firll public exccuiion oidered bv the i^oi- 
 luguefe ill India. Two other princes wont aljout by 
 artifice to polTels Malacca, but did not fuccecd. Al- 
 burijuerque leeeiied here fc •.ral emballies, particu- 
 larly one I'lom the king of Siain, who rejoiced to leo 
 his quarrti rciingcd. He .ilio I'ei.t anibadlidors to 
 .Vaiii and P' .,11, wiili two p.rfons to difcover the 
 illniuK of .Molucca and liand.i. 'I'heii leaving 3000 
 men in the foit, .-.11 ! tin (hips to guard the lea, he 
 leturncd towards Cochin ; in his way, his fliip, on 
 the ci.ail of Sumatra, ftruck upon a rock. While 
 he was on tills ixpiilii ion, CJoa u a- beffged by 20,000 
 of ,\del Ch.m'- nun, encouraged by fome natives 
 within; bat tu i iccrov a:ri\ log \\'itli feveral fleets 
 at the fame time, from d.ri'erent parts, the rugc wa3 
 raiiVJ. H ■ivupon the king 1 f Calicut concluded a 
 peace, wiih iili-rlv to build a fort ; and thole of Nar- 
 finga, iiiia, AJcl Chan, and oih r princes, lint 
 ..mL ;'ir„dors to him : There came alio one from Picf- 
 terj.din, in order togoto Portugal. Alburquerquc 
 !'et init for llio conqueft of Aden, on the iHth ..\ilen. 
 of I'ebruarv, with twenty (hips, manned with 
 I''. 3 Portuguefe, befides Ko3 Caiurans and Mala- 
 !'.i;-. The iityof Aden is le^U.cl near the toafl of 
 .\i..liia F.cli.x, and the mouth of the Red Sea. Over 
 it :;| p-ars the mountain Aiziz.i, all a barren rock, 
 • l:\ idid 111 nianj elilFs. The to.\n firm the fea, looks 
 bi.uitilul and (Iroiig. It is lieh, ani f.iiious for the 
 lefort of many nations ; but water is very feaicc, as it 
 depends only ujion a few wells and tillern<, nor do the 
 clouds fuppiv it above once in thiee years; whence 
 it is void of idl trees, plants and ouhards, the de- 
 light an. I plealure of oilur towns. They attempted 
 to t.ike ibis town by fcaling the wall, but ihcy were 
 oldi;^id to retire in four days with lofs, after taking 
 a btihvaik which guarded l!ie port, with .;q great 
 pi. lis ol cannon, and burninii the (hips which were 
 liril plundered. From thence they failed to the Red 
 Si-a, being the fiift Portuguefe who had entered it, 
 thiy took four rich (liips at the illand of C inaran, 
 where they were obliged to winter. In July they de- 
 parted, and coming again before Aden, found it newly 
 fortified J fo that alter exchanging afewfliot, thevice- 
 rovfailid for India. In Augull Alburquerquc ancboicil 
 ofl' Dill, demanding of Malec Azz leave to build a fort} 
 M.dic managed him with great addrefs, referring him 
 111 tlie king of dmb.iya, who granted it, on con- 
 diiicn that he might build another at Malacca. 
 .Meanwhile Malacca was in great danger of being ta- 
 ken b, P.itl (.hiiter, w ho at lall was obliged to fly to 
 J.r.a, his native country, fiom whence Pati Unuz, 
 lord I'f the city J.;para (.tfter king of Sunda) failed 
 with a fliit of c;o fliips fonic as large as galleonr, 
 with 12000 mill to fall upon Malacca; he had been 
 leven years making this preparation, andhildacor- 
 nfpond Mice with the Javans in that city ; but I'er- 
 n .ndo F'erez with 17 (hips and 350 Portuguefe, and 
 fi iiie natives, after two furious engagement-, put 
 L'nuz to flight in hisgrcatelt (liip, (or which a mer- 
 chant offered I0,ooo ducal-., ill cafe it was t.iken. 
 The Javans from this time w i re baiiilhed for ever out 
 of the place i which liion after Mihainiiud, its late 
 king, endeavoured to furprife by llratancin, and was 
 very ileal luci ecdiiie. 
 
 7 . Al. 
 
Allen. 
 
 trc 
 
 ML 
 
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 rtj 
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 on- 
 ca. 
 ta- 
 to 
 
 117, 
 
 led 
 
 n\f, 
 ccn 
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 cr- 
 
 out 
 !;ltc 
 
 Iwas 
 
 TO THE EAST INDIES, 
 
 iKii 
 
 A'burqiicrque rcAiIiing to attack Orninz, tlic loth 
 of July. IS'4> l*-t""t with a flictot 27 lull, wlitriin 
 were 1500 I'oitu^uefc, btlUlcs boo Malabais and Ca- 
 narans, coming 10 anchor In the port the 2bth ot 
 March : there prel'ently came on board a vifit, with 
 prelents trom tlic king. 'I'hc viceroy fcnt to demand 
 the deliviry ot the (ort he had begun there, and that 
 fomc pi incipal men ftiould be lent with the inllruinent 
 v( the (ubmiflion made of that kingdom, by King 
 Sayl'addin ; evei y thin« was conlcnted to, becaule tiare 
 was no power to refill. Raez (or Reis) Noraddin, 
 the governor, with his nephew, came to ratify all, 
 anil was ftnt back with rich prefcnts for themfelves, 
 and a valuable collar of gold for the king. Public 
 ri-i;, icing was made on both fides for this ac^rcemcnt. 
 Aiitr which, Albuniuerquc went on with building 
 th^ fort, near whicli on a fcafiuUI, he received an 
 ambiifl.ulor, that came from Ifmael kin^ of Perfia, 
 with prefcnts confilling of ounces, precious ftoncs, 
 jewels of gold and fil'ks, the treaty was concluded 
 with mutual fati:.laction. lleforc the cominj of the 
 viceroy, R.aei Hamet was fent from I'erfi i to t)rmu7,, 
 witli a <li:fign to Iccure it, and deliver it to Ifmael. 
 He hid got the entire afccndant of the king; he had 
 brou:;lit people fccretly into the city to kill him, when 
 there was a favourable opportunity. Albuniuerque, 
 to deliver Sayfadilin, propofcd an interview with hini, 
 when Hamet entering t'oremoft rudely, and knowing 
 hitn to be fccrctly armed, the viceroy ordered his of- 
 ficers to kill him. While the fort was fmilhing, 
 Alburquerciiic perfuadcd the kinj;, tliat it was for the 
 faf-tv of the city to put all its cannon into the fort, 
 which with fome reluctancy he confented to ; and the 
 command thereof wa? given to Pvterde Alburqucrque, 
 Tluis wns this rich :\nd powerful kingdom brought 
 under fuUj.clion to the Portugutfe. Soon after, the 
 viceroy falling fick, was perfuadcd to return to India, 
 for the recovery of his health. In the way, meeting 
 with news ib.t a new governor was come from Por- 
 tiij.al with orders for him to return home, he broke 
 out into fome coni|)!;.int : after wliieh he was feizcd 
 with a profound melancholy, and died up»n the bar of 
 Goa, the 16th of December, 1515, in the 63d year 
 of his age : He was fecond fon to tjon/.alo de Albur 
 «iucrque, lord ol \'il!a Verda, and of Donna L-iinora 
 ftliiKles, dauphter of Alvnro (ii>n7.ales d-- Atayde, 
 fitft count of Atoiiguia. He had been malUr of the 
 liorfe to King John the Second, of a nuderatc fta- 
 tiirc, his coiintenaiice pleafing and venerable. He 
 was twice before Ormuz, twice betoie Go:", and 
 twice before Malacca, three faniou,s illaiuls and king- 
 doms in Alia, over which he triumphed. He was 
 liill governor of India, as his predeci flbr was the 
 fivll viceroy. The dominions of the Portuijucfe in 
 Afia were founded by three, vi/,. Duarte I'.icheco, 
 Don Krancifeo de .Vlmcyda, and Alphonfo de Albur- 
 querque. 
 
 This g.'eat man being dead, Lope Soarez de Alber- 
 caria took the ;^overnmcnt. He brought with him to 
 India a fleet (if 1 3 fhips, and in them 1500 men. As 
 Almcyda laid the foundation of the Portuguefc power 
 in India, Allnirquerquc clbblinied it, and feems to 
 have brought it to its height; for after his death, 
 th-'ir alTairs declined every day, throii;;li the pride 
 and avarice of tire :;overnors and other ofliccrs. The 
 jTovemor, according to the king's order, prepared 
 lor the Red Sea; aisd being informed that the iultan 
 of I'.-'vpt was fitting out a great fleet at Sue?., he 
 f.iilid ill fe.Treh of it from Goa, upon the 8tli of 
 I'\brtiavy, 1516, with 27 fail of fcvcral forts. Hi 
 tarried v, ith liiin iico Portuguefc, and 1600 Mala 
 bars ; one half uddirrs, the other half feamcn. Com 
 ing hrfire Aden, ,M:rainir/.ni finding himfelf de- 
 f.-iic, IiT-, (In ri. iifun a piece of tl;e wall was beaten 
 dnwn byRaiz Solymar, admiral of the Suez fleet) 
 ni,ide a virtue of neccflilv, and ofieird«the keys to 
 I.opc Soare/, who pleiif.il with tins tl,ittery, triilUd 
 to him, and tool: not pcH^irun of the city, intending 
 to do it at his return. Htaring that Solyman, by llreis 
 of vNcather was driuii to JoJda, and had no d<- 
 
 Al- 
 
 ftncc, he immediately rifelvcd to fa'l tbitlier, up the 1514 
 
 Red Sea. ' ' ' 
 
 Jodda is fitunted in Arabia l\e!i:,, in 71 de^rece, f^Uj 
 30 minutes north lat. in a inolt b;.ire:i (oil, being all ' 
 a deep fand. 'I'he buildings are good, but not the har- 
 bour. The inhabitants are »f two lorts, the naiive 
 Arabs, and foreign merchants. Mir ll'illiyn, alter 
 his defeat at Diu, by Alnuyda, beini', .,li,iid to rcttirn 
 to Egypt, furtifud this Io.mi f jr his own f,cnrily, un- 
 der pretence of feeuriiig the proplul"', IcpuKlir" at 
 .Mecca. Mean'.\!ii!e Raez Solvman,a Turk, of bale 
 parentage, but a powerful and Icld pir,ite, boin in 
 Mitjlene, an illand in the y\rchipela(!o, olfircd i.im- 
 felf to the fultan of Eg\pt to command ihe fleet of i- 
 fail, that was pu paring at Suez, to f,;!l upon .'\dcii ■. 
 an employ which Nlir Hufllyn hnd let his he:irt upon, 
 and he was accepted of. y\lter repairiiu; the Icil's that 
 was fudained at Aden (where miMiy of his men wire- 
 killed) and taking a great booty in th'- city '/.(•) bi.l, he 
 returned to Jodda, where he lb w Mir llull'.yn, iii 
 then delivered the place up to S(lini, the Turkilli liil- 
 lan ; who not long before had pcilbll'ed himlelf of 
 Egypt, and put .tii end to the dominion of .M;.Imc's 
 [by the defeat of Tunian IJey, (or Tomombaius) 
 
 the fuccefl'or to Canfu al Gauri,J 
 
 The port be-ing dan;;erous. Lope Soarez anchored 
 a league from the city, in which there was fo good 
 cannon, that fomc pieces reached the ftiips at that: 
 diftance. Solyman propofed a private combat between 
 man and man; but the governor v.oiiM not permit it, 
 faying. He would anfwer on (hoic. The cily was ter- 
 rified by the firing a galleon, while the governors 
 founded the channel that goes up to it. S:dvman ap- 
 peali;d the tumult, and appeared with fome men with- 
 out the walls, while multitudes a|ipc;'.icd on them, 
 braving the Portugucfe with loud cries ; who feeing 
 that Loap Soarez negledleii landing, be!;,ui to com- 
 plain of the delay. He ajipeafed tUem bv ihewing his 
 inftruiStions j which were not to attack the city," but 
 the fleet : and not being able to ett'eift this, be retired 
 to the ifland of Comarin. From hence, after futFering 
 much by famine, and lofing 17 nun, taken by the 
 Moors, ho went to Zeyla, a city at the nKuith oftl;e 
 Red Sea, on tlic Alrican fluire, and tlie great market 
 of thofe parts ; which being unpro-.ided, wa; eafily 
 taken and burnt. When he came to Ad'.ii, the wall 
 being now repaired, Miraiiiirzan relufid to djivertbe 
 place, by forming delays : being thus baffled, he failed c;„jr„ i„,„, j 
 
 tor Uarbora, defigning to do to that cily, v,hat he badtlicrc. 
 
 done at Zeyla : but the fleet being (cattired by ftorms, 
 and 800 men lofl:, the attempt vvas deferred till ne.\t 
 year, when it was taken without rcfiflance and burnt. 
 
 In the mean time great diforders reigned at Goa, 
 
 which at lall brought on a fliort fiege : the fame mis- 
 fortune attended Malacca, through the ill govern- 
 ment of George de Ilrito, and aiiimofities of others, 
 whofe tyrannical treatment m.ade the inhabitants fly, 
 and brought the late king with a confiderable force to 
 recover it ; lb that had not Don Alexio de Mencfcs 
 catnc with 300 men, the Portuguefc polfeflion tliej-c 
 had been at an end, after which the king of Siam, 
 who hated the Moors, fent Sianiefe, at the requert of 
 a Portuguefc ambalTador, to people Malacca, which 
 now became fccure. 
 
 The ifland of Ceylon (called by the ancient inha-Ccyloa. 
 bitants Ilanarc, and by the Arabs and IVrfians, Seren- 
 dib) lies oppoute toCapcComorin, the (biithern point- 
 of the hither peninfula of India; from u hence it jsp™'"'''™^'' 
 diftant about 16 leagues, and is fuppollcl cuice to have ' " '^^' 
 joined to it. It was divided into nine kingdoms; Co- 
 lombo on the weft ; Gale, on the Couth ; "j.iiila, Ta- 
 navaca, Candc, Batccalon, Vil.ifein, I ri<iuir.amale, 
 and Jalanapatani. The I'ortuguefe.had a trade with 
 Colombo, the king whereof delircd their friendfliip, 
 and lurnilbed them with cinnamon, from the time of 
 Alburquerc^uc. Hither Lope Soarez lailed ne.xt, ill 
 1 51 7, with 17 ved'eb, great and fmall, and 700 Por- 
 tuguefc foldicrs : with defign to oblige the kin'; to pay ' 
 tribute, and confent to the building a fort, "as kin*- 
 Emanuel defired. After a fmall contcft, in which the 
 
 in;indersj 
 
 I 1 
 
 ii 
 
283 
 
 
 PORTUGUESE VOYAGES. 
 
 lid li 
 
 led 
 
 lilt , 
 
 Tl.j 
 
 
 iMv wU.ls hv l'.;i ( alter twenty u;i)S he rai 
 the lii;;-", "itli the lul's oi' j 50 men, and iS Hortu- 
 g'.i^l'e, jiiJ l.iv to hindi-r priivilions iiettinj; in to relieve 
 the tDvvn, hut retired on tlu' arrival of Ciareia dc Sa, 
 vith lixiv men. 'I'liillier alio came Antoni.) Correa, 
 ill IS'-U l:"i'i M irt;iban, wliere he li.'.J hccn con- 
 tliaiini; .1 peace ••vith the kin^;(il' Pegu, at winch the 
 prieits 111' boili natiini alTill.d ". 
 
 Oie^i) Lipe/, de Se(iueyr.i, ;;.r,-'rni)r of India after 
 Lo.'p Soarez, havii:g luatcd with Majich A/./., to 
 irect a fort at Din, ■,\n.i being put off with delav^, re- 
 lolved to conipar> it bv force : t >r this purpofe he ga- 
 thered 40 vell'eU of all f.irts, and in thtin jcoo Portii- 
 piul'.-, with Soc M.ilahi'.rs and Canarans ; the greateft 
 fleet of tiieirs that ever had been feen in tlmle feis. 
 Hut cnmiiiii before it, the gth of lebruai v, and 
 fiiidin^; it had been fortilicd and reirenelud, in a liir- 
 pn. inn manner, as well as re-inforced with a Ifron:' 
 H..i;ilo.i, it was a;;ri.ed in aecjuncil e.t Aar by 3II the 
 olficeri who afiiHei', iiu to attack, ii ; though after- 
 v.'ard-i ih.v char^;ed their own cow.irdice on hnn. 'I'o 
 a^ little piirpof- v/as the expedition of (ieori;e de Al- 
 biircuKiii'ie, ;To»ernjrol Malacca^ with iS fail, and 
 (.'CO nun, ai;aiMll the king of IJintan;^. 'I'his is an 
 ill ind of JO leajiiies in circumference, afid us nianv 
 di.Lint from .Malacca. It was well fortifiid, having 
 tuo I'ron.; c.iltLs, and the rivers flaked; li. that it 
 feemed alml)l^ MLieteifiMe. Albiirijui.re|iic liiulin!; it 
 iin|ioiiibIe lor the ihlps to conic up, a;;enipteil to land 
 Ills men in bnit-i, in <>ri!er to attack the fort, but the 
 \\ater beinu up to tl'.eir middies, am! the enemies fliot 
 Very tliick, tliev were forced to retire without doing 
 :r.iy ix.ciition, many of tlieir men being wounded, and 
 twentv being (lain, — From this place Ainoniode Brito 
 fi'.kd toi the .Molucca Illand- ; which are in ihcmiiKf 
 r . of inaiiv othirs under ti.e line, about tor Ka^rueseall- 
 I 1 1,,,, „ ward ot iMalaccu. — I o tliel.' illami', am! pi.ri;cu!ariv 
 Mu'iiu-.j. 'I'urnate, ISrito was lent to jiuild a fort, v.-hicli lon^r 
 fir.ce Ho'.lec, the klnirof t'le phrc, haddefired: others 
 h.iJ gone before, but to no ett'.'dt : as Antonio dc A- 
 brew, (in the time of Allnirquerquc} wl.i , lolinijone 
 of his ihree iliijn, ar.iveo at Bantla, (thf ch.ef of the 
 five of tliat name) which i- lih" an eaillilv piradife : 
 and one of its chief urnaircnts the pl.int that produces 
 the clo\e : from th.iice he retiirnei! to Malacca. Kut 
 his other captiin, 1 ranciico Serram, was driven to 
 Ternate, where he vv.oted for tie difpute to be ile- 
 f ided, which ar'ile •.■.mon;^ the kiiiys of thofc illaiuls, 
 'I'idore and Uach.ni ; each ftriving to have the fort 
 built on his own land, 
 , . . When Hi ito arrived at Ternue, King Bcvler wa' 
 t'll"',''ilie '''■*'' • •'""' '^"^ "' ' i'-'orc had admitted the Sp;'niards ; 
 li ivt" pjl- ihiiikinj; hinilVlf, w'tli very I'.ood n-albii, as liappv in 
 them, as 'Icrnatc (.•ouid be in the I'ortngiicl". Vet 
 
 ■ T! c j{intit^' pli^l" w«s callL,! ilic tircjf Uawlin, wlio, al'iir 
 till' c»|.ttulAlioiis \\\ie rciKSrfLtJ, Itietiri t■^ tt:vl in a liuiiki antl 
 lie ul i.i;' funic ' c'l;!-" pni er, (a e iMiur dci'i aictl to their liolv 
 U'c ) wi'li f iipt r.mt Ic:tM ■- 1.1 tries, inrcril..*. v.irli I'L-rf.iiii cli.l- 
 T..i't.i*, fti (;ic ID it nil : .intl ntddir,^ tlic ha.i'ls uf rlic l-'iny.'i 
 ii.riiKi ovci tl:. pfiic*. ' ol.c torn- v/ortf, \vlticli r.:r.(lcul iKc 
 tMil. invi(jl:il)li:. U:i L. r.cali-jn t'ler. I.j;-J' .:J 1 m." 
 b 
 
 obfcrving, that the queen of Ternati?, (who wai 
 govern:!* to her fon) received Urito joyfully, tlic king 
 paid hini .i vilit, and Hnding him difplcafed on ac- 
 count ot the new guilJs he had entertained, offered 
 to deliver them up. I'liis he thought would prevail 
 on Hrito to build a foit at Tidorc, but Ternate being 
 found to be the more convenient place, it was at 
 length crcdtcd there. The arrival of the Spaiiiardi 
 was in this manner. While Serram (or Serrano) was 
 .It Jernate, a coircfpondencc was held between him 
 and Ferdinand .Maghellan, which turned to the 
 advantage of Spain, and trouble of Portugal. 'J'his 
 gentleman, who was a perfon of great merit, by 
 his (kill in (ea affair^, and the light he had obtaimd 
 (roni Serram, having guefled there might be found 
 another way to India; had even wrote his fiiend 
 word, that he hoped to be with hiin foon at 
 Ternate, by a new route. In effect, having been de- 
 nied in Portupal the reward due to his fefvices, he 
 went over to the Emperor Charles V. and offered to 
 bring the Spaniards to the .Moluccas, a way by the 
 we(f, at a time when they began to have a defire of 
 the fpice trade. His offer was readily .iccepted, and 
 the command of five (hips given him, with 250 men. 
 Come of them Portugucfe. Maghellan, (as we have 
 already related) failed through the Streights that 
 bear his name, and palled over to the great Pacific Sea, 
 which divides that continent fiom Ada, and coming 
 aintiiig the Kail litdia iflands, in one whereof he 
 was killed ill a light, in April, I5;^I. Gonztilo 
 Ciome/, de liipinola, in the (hip Victory, arrived 
 .It the .Moluccas, and was received by the king of 
 Tidor, in hatred to the Portuguefe, and thole of 
 Icrn: te ( on the account above mentioned, Efpinol.i 
 rctiitned to Spain by way of Panama, and left the 
 abav •-nKiitioned commaii I of the fliij) to Jii.Tit 
 Seballian del Cano, who, having loaded her with 
 ipiees, purliicd his courfe the way the Portuguefe 
 take, by the Cape of Go id Hope: being the fi-tl 
 that lived to compleat that wonderful voyage rour.d 
 the world. Their arrival raifed n.-wcontelts between 
 the emperor and King John the third of Portugal ; 
 who, by the former agreement, concluded the .Malac- 
 cas belonged to him ; and that no other European 
 prince v\ould offer to interfere in the trade of them. 
 Kernaii Perez de Andrada having fecurcd the trade 
 of Ciiin.T, at Canton, which proved excecdinjj 
 profitable; his brother Simonin, in 1521, obtained 
 iea\e to fail thiti-.'. r «ith live fliips. When he came 
 to the iflaiid Tainit, oppofite to that city; Perez, 
 the P!>rtui:iicf.> aiuballador to the Chiiiefc court, 
 was dill there; but foon after he departed for 
 Nanking, being four months on the wav. He fol- 
 lowed the emperor to Peking, uhcie he \vas to have 
 received his audience; mean while Simon de .\ndrada, 
 through pride and conceit, behaved as it he had been 
 king of tiie illand : he raifed a fort and fet up a i.-al- 
 lows, to terrify the people : committed violence upon 
 the merchants, and bought young people of bolli 
 Itxc-, without the iifiial precautions, giving occafiun 
 to kidnappers to fteal them from their parents. Thcfe 
 things coming to the emperor's cars, Perez, (indead 
 of being received as an ambaffador) was feizcd with 
 his people, and they were condemned to death, as 
 fpiii: I u: the lentencc being refpited, thev were 
 ftnt back prifoners to Canton, to be rcleafed, in caib 
 th'. Portuguefe icftorcd .Malacca to its king, who was u 
 liibjedt of China, othcfAifc they (hould be punitlicd, 
 an J none of their nation ever admitted, or tieatcd but 
 as eiuinies. The Portuguefe inffead of reclaiming, 
 agrcid to aC^ more infolcntly, which fo cxalperated 
 the governor of Canton, that he fccured fevcral of 
 them, and contrived to take fome fhips that were 
 
 |o'''.iec; fur Curea, to anivvcr t'l't fotcmnirv, having orilcrc-l 
 Ii:n |iicli t(i put on a ruipliec, and brinj; Ins lircvjjrj'i tiie 
 cover K^<s f'l taticicil, anil live Icavii torn, that iliinkin^ it 
 fc.nni'alniu iftir ficrcvl bu' ks (liuuM apj'ear in fucli bad p1ii;lit, 
 lu' it>u«'U>l iiitUa t ut it i. l>o<>l; uf chuuli niiiHc to be broUktli", 
 v.iiiiii Liirg l.i^i-'ei Hii.l liiur bouivi, p^U'.d iiinnnK tnofe 
 jceijjii. i Will a. li u liiJ be.'ii llis jjuljisl. 
 
 newly 
 
TO THE EAST INDIES. 
 
 289 
 
 of 
 
 c rmii'.d 
 bctv.-.c n 
 utiigal i 
 Malac- 
 ropcaii 
 them, 
 he trade 
 xcccdiiiS 
 ibtalncd 
 ,1; came 
 Perez, 
 court, 
 rtid for 
 He fo!- 
 to liavc 
 Xiidr^ula, 
 haJ been 
 ) a L-al- 
 
 IICC U|>lll 
 
 of both 
 occafion 
 Thcfe 
 
 (liiUead 
 i/,cd with 
 dcatli, ;is 
 they were 
 d, in caib 
 «lio \v;is ii 
 puniflied, 
 leateJ but 
 ccUiming, 
 xalperated 
 fcNcral of 
 tliiit were 
 
 ivingoriltril 
 rcviiry 1 il>e 
 I tliinVinR It 
 cli tiail plight, 
 l,c brought, 
 ;\mong "lol* 
 
 newly 
 
 Pciiluputfc 
 ■ il)lialid<l(<r 
 lUin at Can* 
 luu. 
 
 
 Ctlctics ilifco- 
 vcreil. 
 
 Tuiks clefigii 
 inir>:ai ki. 
 
 Itintani; dc- 
 llroytU. 
 
 Tidorc burned 
 
 newly arrived from Malacca, they began to acl, when 
 DuiUtcCocllo arm inn with twovclRls tioni Malacca, 
 well manned, he was altackeil by the H«y-tau, or 
 admiral of lh.it fij, with fitty fail ■ wli< beiiii; rcpiillcd, 
 kept tlum beliiged forty liays ">■ \liilciuo fhips 
 more arrivin;;, it was rcfolviil 10 lorcc their way 
 tlirou:;h the II ly-tau's fleit, and get off. 
 
 Th.- Haytau revenged this JilaUer upon fome of 
 the I'ortuguefe who arrived there, and the ambalFador 
 Pirizj who Kini; returned with his company to 
 C.ii.un, they were all flain, and the cftedls of 
 I'cri./., together with the prcfent he brought for the 
 tmperur, jcizcd. This man was of bafc parentage, 
 and by trade an Apothecary) though chofcn for tlie 
 iniliali'y, c^n atrount of his good parts. There were 
 found wuhhim 2000 weight of rhubarb, 160 pieces 
 of damalk, +co "f other (ilks, above 100 ounces of 
 gold, and 2C00 of filvcr, three quarters of a hundred of 
 loule mufl;, and above ;jOO purfes of h, at firft called 
 papos, and much other inercliandife. The fame year, 
 I 521, the iilands liahiayn and Catif were conquered 
 from Miicrin, kingofLafah; who held them of the 
 king of Ormuz, but refufed to pay the tribute. 
 In 1522, the Portuguefe were attacked at Ormuz, 
 Babrayn, Mafcat,Curial, and Soar (or Sohar) at once. 
 The king of Ormuz defp.irinp; of fucccfs, retired to 
 Keyfhom, after felling the city on hie: but being 
 muidered by his favourites, his fuccelTor, only fifteen 
 years of age, was prevailed on by the Portuguefe to 
 return to Urniuz, on condition that they fliould not 
 meddle with the government of the city. This year 
 alfo the country about Goa, which h.nd belonged to 
 Allen Chan, was recovered by him, The king of 
 Aehen attacking them in Sumatra, they .nbandon 
 the fort of PafiMg. I'hings went ill with them alfo 
 at Malacca and the Moluccas. In 1525, the fort of 
 Calicut being attacked by the Samorin, with confi- 
 derablc force, the Portuguefe demoliflicd it, and 
 withdrew. 
 
 H'.ftor dc Silveyra, in 1526, deftroycd Dofar, (or 
 Dhafar) a ftrong city on the coaft of Arabia ; and 
 entering the Red-lea, reduced the iflands Mazua and 
 Dalica. They dileovered the ifland of Celebes, 
 Calayat and Mafcat, e.\afpcrated by the avarice of 
 Diego de Melo, revolted, but were reduced again. 
 Raez Sniiman, the Turk, who killed Mir Ilulleyn, 
 at Joddah, having recovered his prince's favour, by 
 delivering up the city, and fending a prefeiit ; Sultan 
 Soliman, the fucceflor of Selim, lent Haydarin, from 
 Suez, with a fleet of twenty galleys, and five galliots, 
 to deliver to Racz Soliman, who was then fortifying 
 the ifland of Camurin, in the Red-fea : where Hay- 
 darin, on fume difguft, killed him. Muftapha, nephew 
 to Racz, fucceedcd him, and flew Haydarin : after 
 which he fled with a few fbips, firil to Aden, and 
 then to Diu, for protection. Thus this expedition 
 defigned againll the Portuguefe mifcarried. Antonio 
 Tcnreyro went by land with the news to King John, 
 being the firft who performed that journey, till then 
 thought impofliblc. — Malacca being infcfted by the 
 king of Bintang, Pedro Mafcaren.is, with 21 Ihips 
 and 1000 men, 6co of them Malayans, failed to 
 that ifland; and attacking the capital, which was 
 well fortified, and defended by 7000 men, entered it 
 flew 400, and took 2000 prifoncrs, a vaft booty, and 
 300 piecx's of cannon, with the lots of only three 
 Portu'^uefe : the king was reftored on becoming tribu- 
 tary, fn the Moluccas, Don Garcia Henriquez burned 
 Tidore, after making peace with the king ; and went 
 to expel the Spaniards out of port Camafo, and 
 another town in that ifland, but were repulfcd, Don 
 George de Mencfes, in his way to the Moluccas, dif- 
 
 * After this Dan Gcnr^c iKcamc, on 1 fuddcn, mod wicktil 
 and ouiiagimis. Sufpcftiiig iliat Cacliil V.-ijdcca, » Tlilinc 
 fitldcmint had killed a Chiiicfc fow of hi«, Iw anoinied liis face 
 wild l>aci'n (wliich i< the inoD heinous iniury that can hcoftiuwl 
 to a Mahometan). In the town of Tat)ona, he took the ciiicf 
 maiiilUatc, and two Moort ot note : the lianda ot thefc lall he 
 cut oft I and on tlic tirft he f.t two Joj', who tore liik flclli, till 
 
 Vol. 1. N- 25. 
 
 covered the ifland of Borneo, having fent a prefent of 
 tapellry to the king J that prince, on beholding the 
 figures, cried out, " They were men inchanttd, and 
 would kill him in the night ;"' and notwithilanding 
 all that could bcfaid,«ould neilhcrfuffer tlietapeftry to 
 remain in his palace, nor the nu Ringers in the port. 
 At 'I'idorc the Portuguefe were woriled by the Spa- 
 niauls. 
 
 In 1527, fome Portuguefe, after the lofs of their 
 (hips, getting in the biJat to Cliacuria in Bengal 1 
 the Indians having made a vow to facrifice to thei^ 
 idols, the handfomeft Portuguefe they (hould take, 
 it was the lotofGonzalo Vaz dc Melo to fall the 
 vl£lim. A fleet being fent to burn the Turkifli gal- 
 leys left at Camarin, they could not get to them, the 
 winds provin;; contrary j however they burned the city 
 ofZ'.yla, on the coaft of Adel i which Fate Mangalo, 
 on ihc coaft of India, underwent alfo. At Diu 
 fevcnteen Portuguefe being t.ikcn in a boat, Diego de 
 Mel'quita, their captain, lor rcfufing to turn Mahc« 
 metan, was ordered by the king of Canibaya to be 
 blown in pieces out of a cannon ; but that prince, 
 admiring the refolution wii'.i which Mcfqiiita entered 
 the mouth of it, was appcafed, and fparcdhim j Cha- 
 lua near Cranganor, and Porca were burnt by Loix) 
 \'.T/., the governor of India; Marabia and Mount 
 Dehli, by his nephew Simon de .Melo. 
 
 The king of Cambaya's fleet of eighty barks, wrert! 
 all but fcven taken or deftroycd by the brave HciTlor 
 de Silvcyra, who foon after in 1529, took Pazaim, 
 and made Tana tributary. Don George dc Mencfes 
 with the people of Ternate, fell upon thofc of Tidore, 
 and the Spaniards, whom they defeated, burning the 
 city, and then b':(icgcd the fort. The Spaniards 
 furrendcred, obliging thcmfelves to retire to Camafo ; 
 not to commit lioftilities againft the Portuguefe or 
 their friends ; nor to go to any of the Clove iflands. 
 The king of Tidoir w as made tributary, and com- 
 pelled not to aid the Spaniards. • 
 
 Nunno de Cunna in his way to India this year, 
 took, plundered, and burned MombalTa ; then failing 
 to()rmu7, feizcd Raez Aftiraf, the king's vifier, ana 
 fent him to Portugal, for mal-prailices. He was there 
 joined by Bclchior 'I"avarez dc Soula, who h.id been 
 to aflift the king of Bafrah, with forty men againft 
 him of Jazirat, an ifland (.iS the name imports) about 
 forty leagues in compafs, made by th"; Euphrates and 
 Tigris. He being the firft Portuguefe, who had 
 penetrated thofc rivers from the Pc.fian Gulph. 
 After this he was fent to reduce Babrayn, which had 
 revolted, and battered the fort, but withdrew for want 
 of ammunition. Antonio de Silvcyra in 1530, who 
 was ftationcd on the coaft of Cambaya with hfty-one 
 fail of veiTels, went up the river 1 apti and burned 
 Surat and Reyner, two cities on its different fides. 
 The firft four leagues from the river's mouth con- 
 tained 10,000 families, moftly Banyans ; the other, 
 which ftood a little higher, 6000 houfcs inhabited by 
 warlike Moors, and well fortified. Afterwards he 
 burned Damaii andAgazem two other cities on the 
 
 fame coaft. Hcilor de Silvcyra, being fent to the 
 
 mouth of the Red-fea with ten Ihips, and 600 men t 
 by fprciding his fleet, took feveral rich prizes. After 
 which, failing to Aden, he managed the king with 
 fuch dexterity that he confented to pay an annual 
 tribute of 12,000 xerafins. In the fame manner did 
 the king of Shael (orShcrafins) fubmit. 
 
 Nunno de Cunna, in 1531, then governor of 
 India, fet out for Diu, with above 400 fail, moftly 
 fmall vefliils, in whicli were 3600 foldiers, and 1450 
 failors, all Portuguefe ; bcfidcs above 2000 Malabars 
 and Canarans, booo ftavci fit for fervite, and alnioft 
 
 »5.V 
 
 Itiirnto Met}* 
 veud, 
 
 Bazaiin taken. 
 
 Spanlatdi fub* 
 
 daid. 
 
 Surat and olhoc 
 pjrik burned. 
 
 Allen and Sh«. 
 el tributary. 
 
 Diu attemficil 
 
 to Aun them, he ran into tlic ua t where being purfucd, he 
 dcfunded hiinfclf with his teeth, till at lafl he was drownei), 
 almod worried to death. Another »f the natives endcavoaring W 
 llir up the people, toihivcout both PortugiKfe and RpaniardSt 
 Uiin Gcor);c feizcd and Uhcaded him publickly in Ternate 1 
 which fo icriified the people, thu inoft «f (h«in, with tha 
 i^uccn herfcif, flrd from the city. 
 
 4f 
 
 5000 
 

 
 J li . 
 
 ' *■' 
 
 Hi. 
 
 S»o 
 
 PORTUGUESE VOYAGES 
 
 i5^^6 500ofeam*n. They ati.ickcd the ifljiid cif Ikih, I'e- 
 ^•V"^ veil leagues from Diu, (lioiigly fortifirJ both hy na- 
 ture and an, and defended by two chuufjivd reiolnte 
 Arabs, Turks, and others, uf whom eijjhtini thou- 
 t'and were killed, and 60 e.innon taken, with the lofs 
 of only twelve Portugiicfe; ainonj; whom was the 
 brave Hei^lnr deSiIviyra. 'I'hilr Hay before this jil.ire 
 folt them Diu, whieh, in the interim, was rein- 
 forced by Mullapha, a'I'urk. Thecity was lurrounJid 
 with rocks and water i and the mouth of the river 
 crolFcd with chains, defended by thirty armed vcllels. 
 Within were 10,000 men, and an infinite number of 
 cannon, after making :in attack, which laftcd all day 
 without doing the eilcmy much hu^t ; De Cunna, 
 who expofed himfelf the whole aelion in a boat, with- 
 drew i Badur, king of Cambaya, rewarded Muflapha 
 with the government of Barochc, and the title of 
 Rumi (becaufc he was a Grecian) and Chan ; fo that 
 he was thenceforward called Rumi Chan. y\ntonio 
 de Saldanna, who was in tlic fca of Diu with 60 fail. 
 Cities nn the and 1 500 men to do mifchief, burned the towns of 
 csail burned. Madrefabad, Gog.i, Bella, Tarapor, May, Kclme, 
 Agafim, and laft, Surat, juft rifinj; out of the ruins of 
 the laft fire, the cruifets : having taken twenty fevcn 
 (hips of the king of C»licut ricliiy laden, the Samo- 
 rin to obtain peace gave leave to hiiild a fort at(jhalc, 
 three leagues from that cit\ , Diego de Silveyra, in 
 1532, huincdPatam, twelve leagues from Din, I'atc, 
 Mangalor, and other towns, Ihikiiig an univcrlal ter- 
 ror along the conft, and carrying ol} infinite riches. — 
 Dc Cunna, cncoiiragcil by thefe iLCO-lfes lit out 
 ■gain with a 150 fail, jJCO Purtw;^uefe, and ar-O Ca- 
 narans to attack Bafaiin, which was then fortiiying by 
 Malcc Tocam, lord of Diu, who, on the approach of 
 the Portujuele, left a garrilon of twelve thoul'aiul 
 men. However, the Portuj;uefe .att.wked l''e place, 
 put the garrifon to flight, killtd Oro of thLm, razed 
 the fort, and carried oti' above 403 pieces of cannon. 
 After this, Manuel de Albuiquerqtie, burned ail the 
 towns along tite coaft, from Baliiim Jarapor, and 
 obliged Tana, Bandora May, and Bombaim to pay 
 tribute. Diego De Silveyra, meeting near Aden, 
 witli a very rich Ihip of Jodd.ih, the captain came on 
 board, and fliewcd him a letter, given him as a pafs 
 hy a Portuguefc prifoiier in that city; wherein were 
 tiiefc words j " I bcl'eich fucli of the king of Portu- 
 gal's captains, ns fball meet with this (hip to make prize 
 of her, for Ihe belongs to very wicked Moors." Sil- 
 veyra perceiving how the Mahometan was impofed 
 upon, took no notice of the deceit, hut difcharged him, 
 chuling to lx)le the riches of that ftiip, rather than 
 brin^ into queftion the fincerity of the Portuguefe. 
 
 Malec 'I ocam, lord of Diu, finding King Badur 
 defigned to confer the government of that city on 
 Mudanha Rumi Ciian, was inclined to give leave to 
 build a fort the'e; yet llill afraid, trifled, and at laft 
 \va- obliged to ftv on Jiadur's approach; Badur alio 
 himitiC, pretended a willingnefs to confcntj whexe- 
 upci.i lie Cunna went to Diu, witli ico liiil of (hips, 
 and had an interview, wiiich not taking efl'eift, he 
 m.ide a league with Humayun Pedifhah, the Great 
 Mogul, and rcturntd to Goa. — In 1534, Martin 
 Alpiionfo took the fort of Daman ; ainT B.idur, to 
 procure a pi ace, ga\e up forever, to the king of Por- 
 tiiL;a!, Bafaimwith its dependencies hy 'ca and land. 
 It wiis likewifc .ngrced that all (hips bound for the Red 
 Sea from Camb.iya, (hould I(;t out from that port -and 
 return thither to pay the duties j that none (liould go 
 to other places without leave from the Portuguefc ; 
 and that no (hips of war (hould be built in any of his 
 ports. 
 
 Badur, king of Cambap, who had by force or 
 treachery added two other kingdoms to his own, was 
 become very powerful, when Humayun, the Great 
 Mogul, his neighbour to the north falling out 
 with him in 1534, took from him good part of his 
 dominions, with Champancl his capital city. Thefe 
 misfortunes moved Badur to apply to De Cunna for 
 afliftancc, oflx-ring leave, on that condition, to erc£i a 
 fort at Diu Martin, Aiphonfo dc Soufa, upon this, 
 7 
 
 league wiih 
 Btilur. 
 
 went to filtle the articles, wliiji wcic, T! .it Barfur 
 (hould conlii 111 all that h.id bteii dene lelatin^; to Ha- 
 faiin i that there flimild be a Kagiic oMenliv'e and de- 
 fenlive betwmi llie kini; of I'oituital and liiiii j that 
 the tort IhiMilii be railed where and in what niaiiner 
 the governor (lidiild appiMiil, and that a biilH.uk to- 
 wards the fia, (hould be inimidiately delivered to 
 liiin. 
 
 De Cunna being fcnt for at H;idur's dcfirr, repaired 
 to Diu, and was received with much honour and de- 
 moiiflration of i"y. He inimcdi.itily (it about the 
 fort, which ..as fdon (inilhcd, and the ci iiimand of it 
 given to *- nanuel de Soufa, with 900 Portuguefc, 
 and 60 pieces of g.eat cannon, and Humayun, dtlpair- 
 ing of taking Diu, cmjiloyed his arms tifcwhcre. 
 The liberty of building this port, produced an adven- 
 ture as fiirpriling as that grant was important. Jiimes 
 Botrllo, aprrfon (kilful in the alF.iirs of India, hav- 
 ing Ix-cn in difgrace with Kinv John, for dcligiiing- 
 (as it was reported) to i;o for ^ ranee ; and being nii- 
 xioiis to recover that prince's favour, rclolved to efJeil 
 it by a mod dtfpernte and almof^ incredible attempt : 
 he knowing how carneftly the king drfired to have a 
 fort ralfcd at Diu, leave (or building it was tiareely 
 granted, when getting a copy of it and draught of the 
 fort, he committed himfelf to the vaft ocean which is 
 between Ind a and Portugal, in a bark thatw as but fix- 
 tccn fict and a half long, nine broad, and lour and a 
 half deep, fetting out privately with his own (lavef, 
 three Portuguefc, and two others. He pre-.ended he 
 was going to Cambaya ; but as foun as he was out at 
 lea, difcovtrtd his defign, at which they were all af- 
 toni(hed. iJut being overcome by fair words aiuf 
 piomife-s, they proceeded on their way, till finding 
 themfclvcs reduced to unfpeak.-.t>lemr(erics, the (laves, 
 who were failors, agreed to kill him ; but, after killiiij^ 
 afervant, were all killed tlicmfelves. Without feu- 
 men or pilo», Botello held on his courfe with the fou^ 
 that roma id; and to the admiration of all men, at 
 lengtliariH.dat (.i'bon, where the bark was imme- 
 diately burned, tlut r ibcKly mrght fee it was poflibic 
 to pel form that voyage in fo fmalTa veflel. The king 
 was greatly pleafcd with the news, and Botello reliorctl 
 to the royal favour, but without any other reward for 
 this prodigious aiftion. 
 
 De Cunna, fearing the Mogul would fall on Ba- 
 faiin, fent to its relief Garcia deSn, with 400 Portir- 
 guefe. He feeing the city threatened witli- a mighty 
 army, refolvcd to quit it ; but moved by the cries of 
 the iiihabitaats, and yet more by the perfuafions of 
 .\ntoiiio Galvano, he began to fortify the pl.icc ; 
 whereupon Humayun withdrew. Mean while, the 
 king of Achcn, bv craft, decoyed and (lew fevcraf 
 Portuguefc at different times. At the Moluccas alt 
 things were in confufion, through the avarice anJ 
 tyranny of the governors. Gonzalo Pereyra luc- 
 ceeded George Menefes at Ternatc, in 1 530 ; but was 
 murdered becaufe he intended to examine into the 
 frauds of his countrymen. Thefe put in his room 
 one KonlV-ca, who purfiiing the former evil mcafures, 
 Dc Cunna fcnt in his place 'Criftan de Atayde, more 
 vile than Konfeea. He imprilbned the king of Ter- 
 natc and his mother ; whereupon the people fled, nor 
 when they lamented were pitied by their neighbours, 
 who upbraided them lor .admitting a people fo wicked 
 as the Portuguefc intothcir country. Trilhn, to cn- 
 grofs the clove tr.idc, quarrelled with the king of 
 Buchang, and afTil^ed by thofc of Ternatc and Tidorc, 
 took and burned his city ; yet thefe .and other kings at 
 the fame time, confpiring to extirpate the Portugueie, 
 they were all cut off in I'ernatc, and Triftan almoft 
 flarvedout of the fort there for want of provifions. 
 
 Azada Chan, (general of Ibrahim, Adel Chan) 
 having ravaged the country in the neighbourhood of 
 (ioa, in 153b, tlie inhabitants furrendcred it to dc 
 Cunna, who accepted of it. Soon after thofe lanils 
 being invaded by Sulyman Aga, a Turk, another of 
 Adel Chan's generals, he was opjiofed by D. Juan 
 Pereyra, vuho built a firtat Ritchol in Ipitc of him. 
 Afterwards he defeated liim at Margiim, ami Azada 
 
 Chan, 
 
 Diu enieri 
 by Ue Cu 
 
 Eriiie ar 
 liny. 
 
 '■^^.,j.^afji.i a. 
 
 : .St^*- 
 
^. 
 
 vWrpf 
 
 I () 7 H K EAST I N D I F. S. 
 
 D!u cnlcreil 
 by Ot Cunnr, 
 
 {iritic anil ^vi! 
 
 Il «t PonJn, >«lilch town was burned. 'I'his 
 ialt cotnnriiiJiT, ciir.i;;i>l Ikumi, built the fort Uori, 
 on ibe ritci «r th.it 11.11110, npporicc tbiit i>t' R.ichul, 
 wbiih W.U thiTilurc lUimililbtil by the I'DrHiymCc. 
 After this, the Lin^ of Calicut's foicis wt-rc JoftatcJ 
 iiciir Cr.injvmor, ami Rip.lim taken ami buincJ. 
 Uurouas niiivcriil .1 pine of niatblc hijihiy valiinl 
 by the Iking iif (.'oihiii, (fiuni whence ii liail been 
 plunil.inl) bciaule tin rcon were cut the names of the 
 kings of XIal.ibar for three tlioufaml year> paff. 
 
 HaJur, kini» of t'anibaya, having; fervej his ends 
 of the Torlu^Miele, wanti .J to get rid of thrm : for 
 Ihispnrpcifi, he feni to invite iheTuiksto allilthim. 
 Mc.in while he lontriv. il, not only to take the fort and 
 deftroy the garrilon, but de C'uiina alio lending for 
 liim to I)iu in lS'"i where de C'uiina went j and 
 thou:;li appril'ed of ih- king's dill(;n, did not lecurc 
 hirnut a vifit made on bnaid, but rdblved to do it at 
 the fort. The kinv; putting ott" in his cutter or barge, 
 dc Soufa, who commanded al the tort, followed to 
 make the invitation. At the lame time, another barge 
 coming up, and feeinir De Soufa in the kinu;'s, entered 
 the fame haHily, wloeh givin" Badur afuipiiion, he 
 ordered his officers to kill l>c boul'a. Diijiode Mcf- 
 <]uita, (itho had alTided the king In his late wars) 
 undrrlfanding what he laid, flew at, and wounding 
 that monarch, was (lain by bis attendants. Hcrcen- 
 lucd a bloody fray, wherein four l'ortu;;uefe, and fc- 
 ven of thoencniv, were (lain. Some more barges on 
 each fide came up; :;nd the kiiii: (eeinp the d.iii;;er, be- 
 gan 10 Hy, bit was flopped by a cannon fliot, which 
 killed three ; t his rowers. He then thouv;ht to ef- 
 capc by fwimmin;^, but being in damper of drowning, 
 dilirovercd who he was. Triflan de I'.iyva reached 
 out an oar to bring him on hoard, when a f.iMier 
 Aruck him acrcls the face with a halberd, and then 
 others, till he was killed ; he kept a little while above 
 water, and then funk : and neither his, nor He Son- 
 fa's body could be found. De Cunna entered Diu, 
 and by his dilcrcet behaviour, reeonciled the inhabi- 
 tants, who began to quit the city. The ";ol(l and 
 filvcr found in the place, was not to any extraordinary 
 amount; but thc(]iiantity of aniiniiniiioM was to be- 
 admired. In the pmt were i6t' iJiils, f. me of great 
 bulk J no lefs wciulerrul was th' luimher of brafs 
 cannon, (not to nicmion thofe of iron) among the 
 reft was found three pieces, of fucli a prodigious 
 fi7.c, that Dc Cunna lent one, as a rarity, to Portu- 
 gal, which Is fUll kept inthccaffle of .St. Julian, 
 at the mouth of the river (.ilhon, and called the gun 
 of Diu. — De Cunna found ami>ng ihe dead king's 
 papers, proof, fufticicnt to convince the principal 
 Mooriih merchants, and Ca/.i'-. i.f Hadur's de- 
 fgn, to brinp the Turks upon the Huriugucle ; and 
 to ingratiate himfclf the more wiih the public, or- 
 dered th.U the Mahonutans fhoul.l' enjoy the fiec 
 cxercili" of thcii religion and law"i ; continuing he- 
 fides all penftons that had been rdlow.i! hv the king. 
 
 In the hegiiming of the \c.:i 1 5 jS, l)t I'uniia began 
 that vail ciilerii at Diu, which is of fir. h .1 lnj^ncfs, 
 that being 25 fpans deip, each Ip.iii contains looo 
 pipes of water. Thu;, he provided againft a long 
 ficgc. Indeed the arrogance of the I'nrtii^ncl'e at this 
 time was fuch as cr.ntimially laileil them u|) me- 
 iries. — The king of X,-eI, (or Shael) near C'aflien 
 on the Arabian cnaft, having received fome I'ortu- 
 gucfe very kindly in his port, they reqiilted the lavour 
 with Injuries. One of thefe aihong others, had rob- 
 bed a near irlation of the king'', and afier in/liiSing 
 feveral tortures, hung him, ami two other [wrlons of 
 note by the privities, to make them difcover their trca- 
 (iire. GonT.alo Vaz committed another robbery. 
 Alvaro Madera, being kindlv entertained by an honeft 
 Moor, forced his wife from him. One Ciudino bad 
 the h(monr to treat the king at his houic, and re- 
 paid it, by calling him drunkard. Others took a 
 flilp belonging to his fulijcfls, and Impudently came 
 to fell It in his port. 'J'lrc cfteifl of thcle villanies 
 was, that all the Portuguefc about t!ie town, were killed 
 by the Moors i and Don Manuel dc Mcnclis, who 
 
 julithen arrived as amballadur from Dc Cunna, with 
 leventy attendants, were made prifoiier'., thirty of 
 whom were lent as a jjrJent to Conlluntimple, 
 u hence ^4ad^■ra efeapcd, and carried the news toLil- 
 bon of the Turkifli fleet that was fitting out al Siiev, 
 to invade the Fortuguefe In India, (jodiiio had hii 
 head cut off In the king of Shael's pieleiicc. 
 
 De Cunna, defimus of having a fuit at Chatigaii 
 in Uengal, and being encouraged by a rieh Miwir, 
 fent Martin Alphonfu ile Melo thither, wilh 1 preftnt 
 for the King Mohammed .Shah, wln), je.ilous of hii 
 defign, fecured him, and 53 more. Mohammed was 
 the I ^Ih fucceflor of the Arab, who, 53 years b loro 
 the I'orluguefe, cntircd India, and ufurped the king- 
 dom of Hengal, by flaying the law fill king. The ca- 
 pital city Ciowro, extended three le.apues In length 
 along the (langes ; and cojitained one million two 
 hundred thoufand lamilies. Antonio de Silva Mcnc- 
 les being fent to rcde-em the pril'oners, and imagining 
 the melknger alfo was detained, beciiife he (laid longer 
 than ordinary, he burned Chatigan and other pi ires ; 
 lor this they were ufed the harder ; but for the lerviec 
 they did the king againft Shir Chan, a .Mo-iil general, 
 who had been well entertained, and was now in re- 
 bellion, he let them at liberty. 'I'hey ft.ippcd Shir 
 Chan's pall'ige elown the liangts ,it Gori, a fort, 
 wheie that river enters Heng.il j as fjon as the Portu- 
 cuele were gone. Shir Chan returned, and entering 
 Ciiiwio by force, fei/.cd the kingdom, ,Vlohammc3 
 d) iiig ol his wounds In his way to implore Huinaviin's 
 alUiKiiice. Shir Chan arpirin'j' to farther coiiq'nofls, 
 took ti.eeity of Calejor from the Rafliputs, [or Raja- 
 piites] with intent to fei/.e the treafure ot an Indi.ui 
 temple there; hut pointin,; a cannon tokrl an ctephunt 
 belonging to that c'lurch, the gun burll, and tore him, 
 with many (.thcrs to pieces. 
 
 At Malacca, things were dill in great cuiiriifion : 
 Don Stephen de (Jama, dellroycd Ujomtaiia and us 
 fort, on the river 'ior, being the Couth-eaft point of 
 the coalb ol Malacca, and 40 leagues from the city of 
 that name. In 15 jj Its bridge was twice attacked by 
 a commander of Achen, who was repulfed. The 
 troubles caufed at the Moluccas by the avarice of 
 Trillan (le Atayde, \* ere remedied,' by fending An- 
 tonio Galvam to command, whole prudence, mo- 
 defty and juliice, healed all the fores made hy his pre- 
 decellors. Underftandiiig that eip;ht kings' hail en- 
 tered Into alliance againft the Portugueft of Tidore, 
 he went thither with four Jhips, i -o Portiiguefe, and 
 5c Mcwrs, purl'ucil by 300 fail, with 30,000 .Moors. 
 They anchored at Tidore, whole (liores were covered 
 with multitudes ; and though the fort appeared Im- 
 pregnable, he ("caled it with 130 Portuguefe, and 280 
 (lavK. 'I'he kings comliii; in widi 50,000 men, he 
 vyithdrcw into a wood. I'liey thought helled, ami 
 fome parties purfucd, and they were routed; fome flying 
 to the fort, he followed, entered with them, and fets 
 It on fire. The kln;;<, Icrrifieil, fled to the mountains 
 with their treafure. d'alvam marched to the city, 
 (from which the inhabitants fled) and burned It to the 
 ground; levelling the works in fuch a manner, that 
 fcarcc any fight of the place was kft, but the aflics. 
 This unparalleled viiHory, whiclt coll but one flave, 
 produced an honourable peace ; after which, Galvam 
 by his courtcfies, and oftering to rcbuiUl the city, lb 
 much obliged the king and fiibiecls, that they con- 
 fided in him as in an antient' friend. The people 
 of Ternate being divided into parties about choofmg 
 a king, they ofTcrcd to make Galvam regent, till they 
 bad one conformable to their own lavis, hut he rc- 
 fujcd. Ferdinand de Grijalva, who was caA away, 
 being refiifed admittance by the kings of Gilolo and 
 Bach.m, into their ports, on account of their league 
 with Galvam, this latter ranfomed the Spaniards, and 
 treated them kindly. Francis de Caftro, lent out 
 with two pricfts, was driven by bad weather, to Sa- 
 tlgama, and other ifl.inds, looo leagues north of the 
 Moluccas. Tlicy dlfcovered alfo the iflaiid Minda- 
 nao ; the kings, queens, nobles, and people, em- 
 bracing the Romifli religion, wherever they, came, to 
 
 the 
 
 99 r 
 
 '5}7 
 
 i 
 
 MInJanaa liif- 
 covered. 
 
?^"» 
 
 391 
 
 PORTUGUESE VOYAGES 
 
 Jjpan ilifco- 
 
 «Cll.J. 
 
 rortucuiTc 
 
 olfcllions 
 
 the wonder ff the Mahometans. When Gal- 
 vam'5 time of government expired, thufc kings 
 begged to liavc him concinuni t'ur life. He left 
 I'crnalc in a flourilhing condition, but returned to 
 Portugal involved with debts : thinking to meet with 
 I'umc reward for fo much valour, fcrvice, paiti, and 
 merit. But he found contempt and mifcry, which 
 brought hint to die in an hofpital. 
 
 This fame year, Diu was .'\ttacked by Solyman, 
 Bafha of Egypt, in conjunflion with the king of Cam- 
 bap's forces, by fea and land, of which more hereafter. 
 Peter de Farin, governor of Malacca, fent his kinf- 
 man Antonio de Faria Soufa to fccure a peace with 
 the king of Patanc. After having ran;;cd the coafts 
 of India and China, with various fuccell'es, .ind .ic- 
 cording to his hillorian having met with adventures 
 too ftrange to merit belief, they were alt at once 
 ended together with his life, he and his vcflel being 
 fwallowed up by the fea in one night. 
 
 Antonio de Mota, F'rancifco and Antonio Peixoto 
 failing for China in the year 1642, (irft difcovercd 
 Japan, being driven thither by a violent tcmpeil. 
 'I'his was the fartheft difcovcry made by the Portu- 
 
 gucfe in thofe parts to the eaftward. And here it 
 
 maj' not be amifs to give an account of their pof- 
 fcmons to the fouth ealt, with the account of tlieir 
 revenues as they flood in the year 1640. 1 
 
 The Portugucfc empire to the eallward, extends 
 poiiciiuins '^f""' ^^^ Cape of Good Hope in Africa, 'o Cape 
 fromilieC.irw I'iainpo (or Ning Po) in China, 4000 leagues along 
 ol Gihi.l Il.ij'ctlie fcacoafts ; without including the Ihores of the 
 i» Cliiiii. Red-fca, and Pcrfian Gulph, which ni.ike about 1200 
 leagues more, within this fpace lies half Africa, and 
 all Afia, with innumerable iflands belonging thereto, 
 Thel'e 4000 leagues are divided into ftvcn parts. 
 The firft divifion between the Cape of Good Hope, 
 and the mouth of the Red-fea, contains along thecoall 
 many kingdoms of the CafFres : as the v.-ift one of 
 Monomotapa, whofe monarch is lord of all the gold 
 mines in Africa j thofe of Sofola, Mozambique, Qiii- 
 loa, Pemba, Melind:, Pata, Brava, Magadox.i, and 
 many other fovereigntics. Here the crown of Por- 
 tugal pofleilVd the forts of Sofal.i and Mombafia, 
 and the city and fort of Mozambique. — The feconj 
 divifion, from the mouth of the Red-fca to the Pcrfian 
 Gulph, contains the coaft of Arabia, where they 
 
 have the impregnable fortrefs of Mafcat. The 
 
 third divifion, between Bafrah, or the Perfian Gulph, 
 and the Indic<, contains the kingdoms of Ormuz, 
 Guadel and Sinde, with part of tliofe of Perfia 
 and Cumbaya ; here they held the forts of Bendel 
 Diu. The fourth divifion, from the river Indus to 
 Cape Comorin, contains what is properly called 
 India, that is part of Cambaya, Decan, Cahara, and 
 Malabar, fubjcA to feveral princes ; here they had 
 the forts of Daman, Aflarim, Danu, St. Gens, 
 Agazain, Malm, Manora, Trapor, Bazaim, with 
 the city Tana, Carania, the city Chaul, and oppofite a 
 fort, called Morro. 1 he moftnoblccity of Goa, large, 
 firong and populous, was the metropolis of theircaflern 
 dominions ) an archbiihoprick, whofe prelate is 
 primante of all the cad : this ii the rcfidence of the 
 viceroys; and here are the courts of the inquifition, 
 exchequer and chancery ; a cuftom houfe, arfenal, and 
 magazine well uiovidcd. The city is feated in an 
 ifland, girt with a ftronc wall, and fix mighty caflles, 
 called Dauguim, St. Bias of BafToleco, St. Jago, 
 Agazaim, Pan^uin, and Nueflra Sennora del Cabo. 
 On the other fiue to fecure the bar, is that of Barba- 
 does. On the caillc Dauguim is the fort of Norva, 
 with a good town. On one fide of this ifland lies 
 that of Salfet, where ii the fort of Rachel. Then 
 going alone the coaft, they had the forts of Onor, 
 Barlelor, Mangalor, Cananor, Cranganor, and Co- 
 chin, which ii a biflioprick J and near Cape Como- 
 rin, the town and fort of Coulan. — The fifth divi- 
 fion lying between Cape Comorin and Ganges, con- 
 I ' tains Coromande) and Orixa, wlicre they had fort 
 
 ' of Negapatam, that of Meliapor, with the city 
 
 which is a bifhoprick, of late called St. Thomas, 
 6 
 
 and Mufulaptam The fixth divifion, between 
 
 (langes of Cape Singapura, cuiitaiiis the vart king- 
 doms of Bengal, Pegu, Tanazarim, and others of 
 lei's note. Here they have the city of Malacca, a 
 bifhop's feat, and the lall place pofleflid by thciii in 
 theeallern continent. — The fcvenlh divifion belweca 
 the Ca[KS Singapura, and Liampo, (or Ning Pu) 
 contains the kingdoms of Pam, (or Pahang) Lugor, 
 Siain, Cainbotlia, Champa, or 'rifliampa, Coihiii- 
 chiiia, and the vail empire of Chiila i here they have 
 no place but the city of Macau ; (in an iHaiid in thu 
 Bay of Canton) yet tr.idc all along thofe coalls. 
 In the idand Ceylon (or Saylan] ihcy potr.llVd the city 
 and furt of Colunibo, thofe of Manar, Gale, and 
 others ; beyond Malacca, a fort in the idand Timor. 
 The number of their f,<rts throughout this large ex- 
 tent, was about fifty, and twenty cities and towns, 
 bcfides many vilagcs depending on the others. — As 
 to the revenue, the cuflomsof Diu were worth ioo,ocoRc"nucofih« 
 crowns; thofe of Goa, 160,000 ; thofe of Malacca, "•") «"'"'"»• 
 70,000 : the tribute paid by feveral places, amounts 
 to 200,000 : all which, with prizes, and other un- 
 certain profits, m.ide up about a million. 'I'he 
 viceroy's falary was 18,000 crowns, bcfides the ilifpof- viccroy'» fa- 
 iiitt of places, which are fold : but the chief thing l.iiy. 
 which they all look upon is trade : for whereas the 
 king gets nothing out of India, the viceroys h-tVe 
 cleared there, foine five, and fome 800,000 ducats. 
 All other officers have great falaries, bcfides their 
 lawful profits, and more confiderable frauds. 
 
 The archbifliop of G>^a is metropolitan, and pri- 
 mate of all Afia. Cochin was made a bifhoprick in 
 the year, 1559: Malacca the fame year ) Meliapor, 
 in 1607. 'I'he bifliops of China, were inllituttd by 
 
 Pope I'ius V. There vveic alfo a bifltop of Ja;>an, 
 
 an.l one of the mountain nearSt.l'homas of Meliapor, 
 
 There were bifhops of Perfia, as alfo patriarchs of 
 
 Ethiopia. The city Angamala is a bifhoprick, as i« 
 
 that of Macao, (or Macau). With regard to the 1 ' 
 
 houfes, churches, and moiiallcries of religious: llic '- i 
 
 Francifcaiis had twenty-two ; the Dominicans nine; 
 
 the Anguftiiies, fixteen ; the Jefuits, about twenty 
 
 eight nioiiafteries, colleges, and feminarics j bcfides 
 
 a vaft number of rcfidcnces, fii called by them, where 
 
 there are but two or three priefts. 
 
 The above account may fliew how great the 
 power and wealth of tlu: Portuguefe mull have been 
 in its flourifliing (late : but by degrees their poflcf- 
 fion» have been greatly leircned by the acquifitions 
 of the Englifh and Dutch : which latter, at the lime 
 that the Date of India was publifhed, had taken from 
 them many confiderable places, as they had loft 
 Ormuz before, to the Perfians. In fhort, the 
 only confiderable places they remain pofl'cfled of at 
 prelent, are Goa and Diu. Such has been the effect 
 of their cruelty and want of policy, as to lofe them 
 the empire of fome of the fincll countries in India. — 
 Having f<i often mentioned Diu, we think it pro- 
 per to give the reader an account of the fainoux 
 fiegc of that place by Solyman Bafia, whofe voyatn: 
 for that purpofe we /hall here introduce, as it is lb 
 nearly conne£led with the Portuguefe voyages and 
 tranfadions in the Eall Indies. 
 
 The author from whom our account is taken, 
 himfelf performed the voyage on board the Turkifb ' - , t 
 fleet, nut voluntarily but by coailrainf, being ordered 
 to follow Solyman BalTa, who was commanded by the 
 Turkifli Emperor to go on an expedition againft the 
 Portuguefe in tne Indies : when the war broke 
 out ir. the year 1527, againft the Lordftip of Venice, 
 and ner trading galleys, commanded by Antonio Bar- 
 barigo were at Alexandria. Here they ftaid without 
 having any opportunity of trafficking or taking in 
 goods, till the 7th of September, on which dajr 
 Almoro Barbaro, the Venetian conful, captain Bar- 
 barign, before mentioned, the merchants, feamer, 
 and every thing belonging to them, (among whom wa« 
 the author) were arrcftcd, and lodged in the tower 
 of Lances, after which, all thofe ivho belonged to 
 the fea, being picked out from theicft, thev were fent 
 
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 tnC.iirn,anJ('riinithencotftUa(h.iSolyriiin,w!uiliuviii:; 
 chuli'ii tlie adiiilr il, (ifticrr<, guiimi', rnwci-, cirpcii- 
 tii4, ciiiiltci'i'*, ami lomr ci>ni|Mnii'> (uii tlicjii to Siii/, 
 wliiilicr .T wlulc .;(icr, hi li ul ilil|MUhiil liver.il .ith.rs 
 ti> tit nut tlu' iKit in th.ii [lirit ."^.liiid his conuiii'. 
 iiiii /. is III .1 Jcl.rl pl.ici', whuc '.iiiiu', iiu hiib of any 
 Iwlll'l. 
 
 Iltri' till- (hi;is WHO built ili.fi;;iiril fur Iii<Ii:i, 
 and .ill the linibir lor biiililiti^' tlKiii, iron -work, ;inil 
 t.iclclf, w.nhrou.Jit Irom S.iLili.i ;iiiil CoiilLintiiKiplr, 
 to Ali-x.mdii.i, uiiil thru ciiricJ down the Nile in 
 b;irks to C.iiro, and thfniv bv c.inal>, to Stir/. On 
 the ruad Iroin Cairo hull' r, uliiih is 80 milts, oni 
 metis wiih nohabiiaiioii-, nor even ;'nythin^, to rat; 
 (o that liclorc the cjiiums (it nut, they lurnilli thi-m- 
 f.-lves with the water ot the Nile. In the time of the 
 Chrilfians this was a threat citv, nnd full of tifterns : 
 it had alio a navit;alile raiial, cut from the Nile, 
 whereby, I'H ilie incre.ife of the river, thole riUerns 
 were tilled with v.ater, which feived all the year ; al- 
 tcrwaids beiii;^ deftroycd by the Mahometans, the 
 canal was filled up with earth, and now the water 
 that is drank at Sue/, is brought by canals from cer- 
 tain ponds or wells, at a phice fix miles dilFant : 
 which water, thoii);h verv brackifli, they had to drink, 
 every fifty men h:ing allowed as nuieh as a camel 
 could carry. Al! th? timber, iron, anmiiinitiun, and 
 provifiuns were brought from Cairo. I'he fleet 
 canfiftcd of 76 fail great and fmall, viz. Six inaons, 
 fcvcntccn j>alleys, fwcnty-(<vcn new foifts, two pnl- 
 Icon?, four fhips, and other Imall craft of various 
 fi«s. — 
 
 On the 9th of Nfarch, about 2C00 men qtiittinjr 
 the galleys, landal with their nrins, in order to in.irch 
 towards the mountains i but about lix miles fium the 
 filore, they were met by a faniak, accompanied with 
 a party of horfe, defigned lor tlieganilim of Sue/, vsho 
 furrounded them, and bavin;' killed jco, the leltweic 
 stripped, and carried on board the galleys, where llu-y 
 were chained to the oar. The 15th of June, Soly- 
 man liafiia, arrived at Suez, whire pitching his tents, 
 tliey reded cij;ht days. Meanwhile the fleet was j-ot 
 in readinefs, and the I'oMiers riceivid their pnv, vi/.. 
 to each live ducats of gold, and lO madyns, in all 
 2i5iiiadyns. Hart of the men of the larg' Venetian 
 galley, to which the author !> Ion;;* d, were ilillribuied 
 on hoard the fleet, 70 in one half i;ille"y, 70 in .mo- 
 ther ; 11; in the kiahya's g.dhy, r.nd iX on board that 
 of K.liilierki ISaflia, who had with liiin the cmilul of 
 Alexandria; the re(l of the men were dilpnled of in 
 two !;alleons, which carried the piwder, (alt-p'tie, 
 brimftonc, ball, meal, bilVnil, irid every thin;; die 
 lor the ufe of the fleet. 1 hj b.ifll.l lil.^-wife lent 
 liis tiealiire on board the gall.vs, confiltuijr ot 45 
 chefls, which was covered v.nh ox-liidcs and oil- 
 cloth. On the aoih, he ordend all to be got on 
 board the fleet in two d.ivs. — The J.id, the b.iftia 
 embarked, and lemoveil lour miUs fioni .Sui /, to tlu- 
 point of I'haroali, wlure ihore i;> a good bottom, in 
 lour fathoms water. .Seven intndicd here. This is 
 twelve miles fr<iin the pits of .Moks. The J-tli, tlie 
 whole fleet left Sui/, with a itnrlh-wt(f wind, a.\d 
 before night fall, cal} aiu ho! fixtv iiiile.s thenci-, at a 
 place called Coroiulol j lieie thev h. id twelve f.illiom 
 water, and ftaycd one night. — The 2Sth, leavin; 
 Corond il, they failed liiuth-ealV, 33 Kai;uc«, nnd 
 call anchor, two hours before night, in a place c:ille 
 Taz ; where there arc many rr.mc ilcan I'riars, wh 
 furnithcd the fleet with water, 'f'his place is a day's 
 journey and a h.ilf, from .Mount Sinai, where is the 
 thuich and body of St. Catharino, .nnd here they re 
 mained hvc days, in five fathom water. 'J'he 3d, of 
 July they departed, and came behind n dry fand- 
 banic, aljoiit one mile from fhorc and forty from 
 Tor, c.illing anchor in 12 lathoms w.iter, at a place 
 called Ciiar.is, where they tl.iid two davs, to inlp.'el 
 thcihip which carried the Itores. 'J'hc 5th they left 
 Charas, and, aboiit live o'clock camo to an ifland 
 called ;'>orida.i, forty miles from the eoail. The whole 
 day's eo.irrc, from fun -lit to fun-rile, wa? 1 CO miles. 
 
 Vol. 1. >s 20. 
 
 'F'hey failed all ni'dit foUlh-ra(?, .in.l at fin r'f'( 
 lound thi'iiiUlves tu w indw.iid of .III ill.,ihl e.illed M.u- 
 /o'li, on the ii;;lit h.iiid, I • miles f irtht r. (.)n Ihi 
 ()ili tile iiioi 10114 wa^ e.iliis and the wir'J^ vari-d^K-j 
 .iiid to III'- loiiili-talt lliev louii I a lli'ul iiiuKr water, 
 50 nulls Iroin the eoall. Tin ir c iirl ,: iioifli-wel', 
 till liin-lei, was ten niili>', aii<l in th niehl, loiiih l>v 
 wed t»>eiily mills. On th ■ l.lhlh. v li't.d ;'. links 
 loiilh-ealt, and came to a poit t.dlul Ivui, a very de- 
 lert place in right fathom u.itir. 
 
 Iiom Kor, they failed nhii;: (bore, on theiilli 
 thiily miles, to .1 eitv, niiiud /uluii, which i. t!,o 
 fe.ili, or lan.liii;' -pl.ice ot all llie Ipict 1 V that con (s 
 t'rom Inilia and Calicut, diltant hum .Mecca a (t.igr 
 and a half. Here are hveral IhoaK, loth niidu and 
 above water ; yet it is a good poit, and has plintyt.f 
 provifions i but no water is to he nut wiili, e.\i.ept- 
 ini^ what is in a ft w cilKiiK, lillidwitli lain. ILie 
 tlu y lountl gnat llores of iin r li.indif- ; ami th''|,l;ne 
 alforils tl.iti -, ^iii^er of .Mieia, and o'.l.er loii-.— 
 Without the CUV 's a nioli[iie, where, aecerdiiig to 
 the Moors is the f.pulchreif K\e. 1 hi inh.il.ii.:ii's 
 go almod nakeil, and are me.igie and fw.irtliy. H' ic 
 Is lifll in abiird.iiiee, Th, \- tie tlir..; or lotir pi'.ei s of 
 timber to;',ethir, about hve lu t lone, and on (na of 
 thefc flo.its a liiij'lj man fitt.n., riws v,\\\\ a bi art!, 
 inil ventures out eij'.hl or nine miles at I'ea lo hill, in all 
 weathers. Here tlu- fl.vt ri.I',.d lour d..y>, luulloulciii 
 water. 
 
 At their departure, on the i 51I1 of July, five ('ir:'tl 
 V lii.ls were niiUiii;; by chance, wliich they u.uierlloid 
 by a miMi who efeaped out of a f ilt. 1 his day they 
 l.iihd fuuth-w Jl hyfiMi'li, Si) miles. 
 
 On the Kjth of the fame month they fiiled cafl by 
 hiiith with . I bii'kwind, till nine in the morning, and 
 1 .inie amoii:; CvTlain illamh, e.illed .\ila', a difert 
 I'lace, and inhabited only bv people w ho c.tnie ;io,ii 
 other ifland>, to I'.ili and let k ItU' p.aiN, y, hiththey 
 L;et by diving to the holtjinor the It a, in four fathom 
 watci. They Jriiik rain-watir pielirved incillerns, 
 and canals. Here they llaidall night, having ran ico 
 miles. The 20th they came to im illaiid 20 miles from 
 l.iiid, called Camatan, wlure tlicv met with good wa- 
 ter and prill ihons. In this place there was a ruinous 
 ealll,- uninhabiud, and about 50 luiules made of tht; 
 buiiilis of tree?. 'I'hiv l.nv lonu' (.tli', r houlls lea!" 
 leivtl over the illand. I'hcy get .•.hiiiitl.incc of white 
 coral here. Tile nun ;;o quite n.ikal atij barr-fooieil. 
 Till y are littl.-, ar.d uo.ir r.iuliing en their head-., b'.:t 
 thur hair, and wiappini; up their piivit.es in a eU ut. 
 Thev ate all feamen, liavingal.w barks ;:nd Cniii!! 
 eratt i the planks 1 f u !iich are b'tind tojitlier with 
 ippi'-, without any iriin-woik, and th. ii laiK are mat- , 
 ciiiioiidy made, (as well .is the cord.ige) with the 
 b.iikot palm and d ite tree-, alter th.- ni.iimer of laiu. 
 Tlu y go to land withl'.-e baiks, aeJ bring tluni 
 abundance of datci, ar.l a Ibrt of white buclc- 
 whe..;, and they have a geod cjuantity ot .Micea 
 giiiDi-i. Thev have plenty ol myrih alio from Hifl.i j 
 ihey br.'.ik their bin 1; -win at on a pitce if niatblf, 
 ..hiiit till.' file of tht'i'e that Cflonr; aregidiind nn,aiKl 
 tipon it is another Itono, hrlf an til hioaJ, in form 
 o! a rolling-pin or roller, \. ilh i-. hieh tlu y bruilc j 
 and, prer.i.ta- work up a |..iifi-, of which they 
 make thin cakes. This is tluir h'eaJ, and it is veiy 
 hard, Co rhat it mud bcniiide fielhcvirv day, othrr- 
 v.ife It will grow li) dry, vh.u there is no citing it. 
 Both (Icdi and lifharcln;re in gri, at plenty. 'I'his pl.-.cc 
 is from the idaiid of Aitis 40 miles. Here the 
 balha landed, nnd cauf d ?\\ the ralK v s to mrn in with 
 him. From hence he dilpatt lied twofoills, one to the 
 king of Zibit, the other t' that c^f .-XJeii, ordering 
 him to provide water and piO\ ifions (m !',«: fleer, that 
 he mi-'lit be able to proce.d in his expcdiri? n to Indi;;, 
 ngainll the I'ortuguefc, ami to tell the kiii". c( Zibit 
 (which lies a day'sjourney within land) that he niiift 
 come to the watcr-fide, and bi ing tht grand ftgnrr's 
 
 tribute, and pay obedience to the balha. '["he 
 
 fleet was furnifticd with v.-ai.-r, and daid here tea 
 days. 
 
 4 G On 
 
 Ml'^ 
 
PORTUdUESE VOYAGKS 
 
 ¥ 
 
 On the 30lh lli*y left C'amar.m, witli a fmnll 
 winJ, aii>l railing; fifty milc<, louth \>y liilt, at one in 
 thf iniirnmg cuiiic to ihi' inaiid 'rincc; where the 
 tiark wliii'li \v,is lint tii /ibit, mit ihini, aiiil binuglit 
 llii: kiiii;'i> jiri'lcnt to tlic biillia ; coiifilling of Iwords 
 \vruui;lit at /.ima, in (he ihapc of virile nicnibii^, the 
 hanJIis and fc.ibbaiUs iK'iiiL; uf filvcr, gilt) alfo li'iiie 
 |)oiiiarU> ol ilic fame fort of workmaiilhip ; the haiiillis 
 of which were ndorntJ with 'I'uiky Itonrs, nibuii 
 anil prarls. As tn the tribute, the kin;; of Zibit fi'iit 
 the Kilha Mnrd, that he would pay it at (heir letuiii 
 from iiiii<|urriii;' the I'ortugutfe j acknowledjjiiij; 
 hiiiilill ihc jiraiid fif;iiior'!. flave. 'Iliis day they ad- 
 vanced litty miles, and in the night (hey tailed fifty 
 more, fuudi by call. On the til of Aii(;u(l they pro- 
 reeded ten miles in the iiip,ht, with a lotith-eali Mind, 
 to !i Oio.d, e.illcd Alontiankin, near the l(rei}>ht9 
 moutli ; an>! to the li^lit on the fide of Abyflinia ; 
 here they liad two fathom water, and iLiid one 
 
 ni;;h(. Leading the (lioaU, (hey (ailid eaft by 
 
 fou(h, ten miles, and got out ol the (lrcii;lus ; whence 
 procerdiiij; till fun iile iiext morr.iiii;, tluy Went 
 ci;^hty miles f.irther. Sailing eail by north ti(>hty 
 miles, on (he thiid,the fleet arrived at the city of Aden. 
 It is very llron:;, and (lands by th. Iia-lide, liir- 
 rounded with i needing high inouiiiains ; on the 
 fop of which are Utile calHes or l'olI^. It is encuni- 
 palfed alfo with ravelins on every fide, e.xceplinn a 
 little opening, about ;}C0 paces wide, lor a road into 
 the country, and tn the (hore, with nates, towers, 
 and pool! walls. Ucfidet all this, thde lies a llioal 
 bitVirc the city, on which is built .1 lott, and at the 
 foot of it a tower for the defence ol the port, which 
 lies to the fiuth, and has two fallioms water. I'o the 
 north (here is a large port, wilh good anchoraj^e, 
 covered Iroin all winds. Th-re is plenty of 
 v.'ater here. The foil is drv, produeinj.; no kind of 
 thing. They have only rain water, which is 
 preferved in cillcriis and pits, ico fathom deep j and 
 when drawn out, it is fo hot as not to be drank, till 
 it has Hood to cool. This city is furnilhed with 
 prov ihoiis, wood, and every thinu; elle from oilier 
 
 places. As loon as they arrived, there came four 
 
 men of fifhion to thebalha, biint;in;; with them feve- 
 lal rel'iifliminti. He received tlieni coiirteoully, and 
 talked to ihein a while in private j afti r whieli he L;ave 
 each of them two veils of figured velvet ; and Knt them 
 back with his fife condue'l for the prince, fignilying, 
 that lie might lately come on bo.ml, and fear nothing. 
 Hut the Lord if Aden lent to tell him, that he would 
 not go himieli ; but would readily fupply him with 
 whatevti lu ilood in need of: and thus matters flood 
 this dav. On the5tli, the baflia ordered the janilFaries 
 Tie kinir of tci land with their arms, and all the galleys to man 
 
 ' ■' "iheir boats. He dil'patched his kiahya, to fuminon 
 
 the lord of the city to come and do homage to the 
 grand fignior, before the bafha. To whom he an- 
 fwcred, " I fee by your head that I am the grand 
 figiiior's flxve." — I'lic baflia feenicd to treat him will, 
 arid gave him and his retinue verts of figured velvet ; 
 but, after having pcrminion to depart, caul'ed him to 
 He is liani;cJbe lei/.ed and hanged at tht yard arm; and then felit 
 if.liojaidarm .„(, jar.ilTaires to take pofi'effion of the city. 
 
 The whole armada, to the amount of feventy-lour 
 veflelf, great and finall, left the place on the 19th, 
 and met with nothing remarkable during the rc(t of 
 the month of Auguft. On the firft of September, 
 they fleered north-eaft by eaft, failing fcventy miles 
 in the diy, and eighty in the night. September the 
 fetond, they kept the fame courfe, thirty-miles ; being 
 at noon in tiiirty-fivc fathoms water, and in twenty at 
 night, within 100 miles of Diu; but from the neareft 
 land to north, 4C0 miles. They law in the fea, at 
 the diftaiice of ico or 150 miles, certain fnakes, and 
 the water often green, which are figns of approaching 
 
 the fliorc, throughout that coaft. The third, at 
 
 day-break, the fleet proceeded with calm weather, 
 along the fliorc i and, at nine in the morping, there 
 came a bark from land, and told the baiha, that there 
 vvcic 700 Portuguefc ill the cafllc of Diu, and fix 
 
 Atkn [^u:i on 
 
 armed galleyi. The baflii made ihcm « prefent of 
 fiKcafuns, (or veils) and havinu kept thim an hour, 
 difmilird them. Afterward* a Jew, being taken on 
 fliore by the failurt belonging to one of (he lurks 
 was brought on board, and confirmed the toimer 
 rtport. riin day they ran thirty mile«, and in (he 
 
 ni;;lit thirty more. The fourtli, at fun-rife, tho 
 
 llett proceeded thirty miles, and cart anchor within 
 three miles of Diu, before thin perceiving a Huriu- 
 gutle foill come out of the port, the biiflm ordered a 
 half galley to fail after her, which' purfued all day, 
 but loll her in the night. — — 
 
 The fame day, came on board one Cofa Zafl'ar, 
 a native of Utranto, but turned Turk ; and 
 was captain of the galley in the former fleet, lent by 
 the gr.ii.d lignior to India : which fleet having been 
 dileated ami dellroyrd, this Cola Zaifjr went into the 
 fervict of the king of Dm, called king of C'amb.iya, 
 (which is the name of the country) who gave hiiu 
 l.iiuls, and made him governor in chief in all his 
 kingdom. Zaflar alfo had infinualed hiinleif with 
 the PorlUfiiKlc, and gained their friend/hip i hut 
 when he undeiftood that the Turkilh fleet was coining, 
 he and the viceroy of the kingdom, came with tiooo 
 Indians, and took the city from the Portugueli:, and 
 befiegid (hem in the caflle. 
 
 Along wiih Cofa Zaft'ar, came the grand vifir of 
 the king, they were received with honour by (he 
 baiha i and inlormed him (hat there were 500 foKJiers, 
 and joo o(her«, in the caflle, which they had befiegej 
 tweniv-fix days, and did not doubt to take it with 
 their Indians, provided (hey were furnilheil by him, 
 wi(h ardllery and ammunition : otherwife they fliould 
 not be able. The balha gave each of them two veils j 
 but while thy ll.iid to talk with him, the Tuiks 
 landed wiih llieir arms, anil plundered (he eitv, 
 doing (he liuli.iiis a thoulaiid Injuries, not fparing the 
 vice-roy'ii p.il.iee, from whence they took three fine 
 liorle-, mom y and furniture i infliorr, whatever they 
 could lay (Iiew hniids on. They aJvancid alfo up to 
 t!ie callle, and fkitmiflied v/ith the I'ortugu. fe. Thu 
 viceroy being returned, and made acquaiiueJ with the 
 outiages coiiimi(ted by the Turk-;, immediately I'aie 
 orders to his oflicers to be in readinefs j oiul (he iii^'ht 
 following, ittiredwithaboutbcoon.cn, and went to 
 the king, who was then about two days journey up 
 (he coun(ry. The fame night, there came a foill'lroin 
 the city with provifions of frcfli bread, nuts, ll.ih, 
 boiled-rice, and other things, in the king's naim , 
 
 which were difpofed on board the baftia's galley.. • 
 
 'I he filth the balha fent the Moorilh captain and his 
 kiahya, to join thofe on Ihore. All the galleys fent 
 their boats, filled with janifl'aries, to aflifl thole of the 
 country, who were encamped round the caflle, and 
 not above 2000 men, the reft being departed with the 
 viceroy, and Cofa /affar. — On the fiventh, the fleet 
 removed, and came to a very good port, called Muda 
 liurak, thirty miles from Diu, wlicre there is water 
 enough. 
 
 Alterwards the balha went on (hore, where 
 theyh.id begun to phy their cannon ; which for that 
 purpolc, were mounted on four maons. He lent alfo 
 three cannon on flioie, which were planted on a 
 tower, ftandiiig by the water-fide, about a cannon 
 Ihot from the great fottrefs: on wljich tower flood 
 Indians to give billets, and receive the cuftoms. It 
 had thick walls, and was defended with four braf* 
 guns, with a commander, and 100 foldicrs. It has 
 
 neither dileh nor water round it. On the ninth, 
 
 a fliip and galley laden with bifcuits, powder, and 
 other ammunition, entered the port) and ftriking on 
 afandbank, funk. The goods and the galley were 
 recovered again, but the fhip fplit in pieces. — The 
 nineteenth there arived a half galley in bad condition, 
 which had bctn kept back by the weather, and driven 
 t9 a port belonging to a certain people, who arc gen- 
 tiles, called Samari; where fending a boar, with 
 fome janiflaries, on land, they were all cut in pieces. 
 After which taking the barge, and manning loinc of 
 their own b.irks, they fct upon the galley, and flew 
 
 fixty 
 
 
T O r U 1, i: AST I N I) 1 K s. 
 
 f\xty pcrfoni more, inromurh, that flic h^d miuli 
 ■ilu to d'cnptr. On joiiilii,.; (he flnt, the Ivilh.i Icni 
 lorihe |i lot, iiiul caiilcd hiiii Id he h iii;"J (m liisill 
 fuccils. Al'lcrwaril« an Imli.in hclfinpiiii', to tlict.illl"', 
 whii li.iil turnt'J Cliiil'i.in, hi'in; tak< ii in a I illi->, w.iv 
 br(iu|;ht IkIok- iIic bilhu, whu onliTcJ Imn i<> In 
 cxaniinul ; bvit the man nfiilin^ Ki .mlvvrr any ipi. I . 
 tioii, was liy thi halha's i(>inni.inil, cut in two. 
 In tlmcuiintry, the people are vrry lean, ami liv. 
 viry Iparinnlv, ami cat lu) b»cf; but riili <hi iliiii 
 oxen, whiiharc Imall afiil h.inJlonir, vci y i.ic»..l)l'. , 
 ■ ml havr .1 toit ut pair. Thiy mjk>- a Im! ■ ihriiu^;li 
 til? nollriN of the bealk, anil run a toiil ihri'iif;li, 
 which Icrvcs for a bridle. Thiy load Ihiin in ilu 
 fame manner as mules are loaded, ilieir horns are 
 long and rtrlit. There is grrat Ualliii!; on the 
 birth of one of th.li rieatures, which thiy hive j;reat 
 vcneiation for, elpecially the cow, and on this ac- 
 count, they are rcikoncd idolaters. Winn any ol 
 this loit (if men hapiMi to die, the wile m.ikes a 
 
 Steal leal! for her relations i atnr whieli they {\i> 
 ancin^ along, accordiii); to .iin- culloin, to a pl.iee 
 where a great Hie is pivpaied, .md throw the corple 
 into the llanies. Tiny cany alini; with them a lari'.e 
 pot full of n.e.ife, (caldin;; lioi j then thL- widow 
 dame' rouni the hrc, lin^in;, liie praifes of her deiid 
 hulband. Allei tins, (he gives one rtlatioii a riii;;, 
 another sc.invn, andfooii, till (Ik- has norliinn lift t>n 
 her, but * l'. <i\'. to hide her iiakcdneis, and iiiinu-di 
 »telv alti-r, takes a pot of th ■ fcaldini; i;re.ile, and 
 callinu It 111! ' tlK tin-, leaps herCelf into the niidft of 
 it i thole a )Ul the hre, throw upon her the pots 
 with greale to inerrale the flanie, Co that (he is dead in 
 til inuaiit. Tliofe women that would be thought 
 virtuou>, obleive thit culkoni ; and iliole uhodonoi, 
 are reputed wicked, had livers, and dilhonell j nor 
 will any many with fucli afterwards. * 
 
 This country it very rich, and produces abundance 
 of excellent (jinger of all forts, and cocoa nuts, 
 whereof they make vinegar, oil, flower, cord I'jje, 
 and mats. The tree refembles the d:uc-trec, dirt'er- 
 \n^ in nothing but the fruit and the leaf; that of the 
 
 palm being broader. The jtSth. the fleet dep.Tied 
 
 from the port of Mudafcraba, >vlierc tliey had from 
 two to four fathoms water. — The 2ytli, they failed 
 fix hours, and call anchor fifteen miles (rom Din, 
 where they failed one night. — On the jotli, the (lect 
 departed with a north wind from the Ihore, and went 
 behind the calflc of Diu i where all the galleys 
 difcharged their artillery, and then turned off, ca(}iii!; 
 anchor about three miles from thence. 
 
 On the (irll of Oiiloher, there came a perfon from 
 the lelfer callle, as ambafl'ador to the fleet, torapitu- 
 l.ite, bccaule they could hold out no longer i be- 
 caufc the Turks had planted three pieces ot cannon 
 under it, which carrying 150 pouixl balls of iron, 
 piercrd the tower from fide to fide ; fo that the flones 
 ftcw about, and killed twenty out of ico defendants, 
 but before they furrendcred, they with their mufiiuets, 
 and four pieces of cannon, (lew .ibundance of Turks ; 
 the fire having continued for eighteen or t.vcnty days. 
 As foon as this perfon had delivered his mefl"af;c, he 
 was prefcntcd with a rich vcft, and had a fate conduifl 
 written in ample form, for himfilf and others : with 
 which landing, he prevailed on the captain of the 
 tower, and two other perfons, to go to the bnflia, 
 who gave the former a veil alio, and confirmed the 
 fafe-coiuluft i with this condition, that they ihould 
 not go into the great fortrefs. The captain, whofe 
 name was Juan Krancifco Padoano, returning to the 
 coafl, which was called Gogolc, brought oft' liis 
 men, in number eighty, whom the bafha ordered to 
 be confined in a houfe, without arms, and under a 
 ftrong guaid.— — Thcfecond, the bafha fent for the 
 four (lave gunners of the large galleys, and ordered 
 
 llicm on fliore to batter the firtrcf*. He likcwiftf 
 ordered llie I'otlu^infe who had furrelid'ttd, to lie 
 dillMliiituI into Kver.d gi(ley«, and cli.iiiud In tliu 
 Ml, eaplain and all. I h- fa'iv day ttnee I'c.i'i- 
 •,ui (e galleys cnicml ihe port o| |)iu, rtiiliout tlm 
 fall oppofiiion : for the i iha did not l> nd 01, e vrllel 
 
 10 hinder till 111. Tlvrk aniv.d a Ihip oiiili-'Kilij 
 
 wall pronlions, whih v. s I'll i'l tli'-' re 'I, on 
 lioaid were liltein imn of the lar^e galley , anmiij 
 wliotii was the admiral hinlclf, and an officer of ilia 
 pidvil'i 11, li.xty fiil'Ms, ;,i.d til" relf x^IUy llavis— • 
 The I, {111, lliellvit uniovd lioui tlie w. il to the 1..II 
 full- 01 Dal, two miles lioin it: win e the ^iiiS 
 lidin the toilnfs lunk oMe j^^dley, ami bioke ilic 
 
 111,1111 yard of another. I lie 1 5ih, the balli i went 
 
 from tile M 1 11 into th'- half galley, ;iik1 I'tdered lliem 
 to put all ilie ihrillians in irons; and to tak" n white 
 I lil tri'iii anoilier ^'allev. In own hein^. ildlin-uilluJ 
 ivitli colours : and this lie did heraiif; he t .p< et d tliu 
 1' 'iiu:;iiele ll.it every li lur, (and did not lare llial 
 It (hmild he known wU>{ Ihp he w.is in). li.:in;; 
 alio d('Ubiliil of the ail'lh rv, he can id a great riiij; 
 ol cable'-, and other ludlo\» thiiii;5, to hi made at llnl 
 poap, fullicicnt to keip olf e iiinon-lh'it : lor he was 
 fearful and e.i .udly. — Ihc 17th, belli;; the eve of 
 Si. I.uke, the halli I caiilid the li..i.l ol one lHloii;;iM^ 
 to tli'j Venetian ^.il|ey>, to be eui otf lor only fayin;!;, 
 " My l.oi'llliip (of Viiiiee) i- not d 'ad."— Tiitf 
 ixm\, th. b.dha ",a-.(' orders to ,'>et]u.uiit all ilie|;iin- 
 iiers tliat were on Ihori', .ili"Ut 400 in nuirher, ^lie- 
 e.iule every d..y one or other of llieir. w.is Ham) that 
 whoever hail Ikill emnnih lo (Irike down the jreat 
 llandar<l of the lortrefs, \\hich ilic.d in the midii of a 
 .;ieat touer, lliouKI, lulides being made liee, have 
 .1 very ample recoiiip. i:ce, whiih he ort'e.d the 
 r.itlier, lor that hi. llaiiilar.l ha.l b.-en given by a 
 lanj.ic to ihe t'orluiucle ; win reiipou 1 ne of tir 1 :iil 
 elinllian , havin^; at ih. I'aid ihot bioke the ll.iiiil.irl, 
 the Turks made great rij'. icings, .11: I puMifhed tlii; 
 news throughout thi" diet : the puniiev was rcwarlul 
 with a lilk velf. — 'I'lie ainllen, wliitli they h;iJ 
 plaiiled under the eallle, were ;ill in one liii ■, but in 
 
 J9J 
 
 li 
 
 li>i different places. In t'le firll was a C'u!\eriii of 
 iron, that carriid 150 |0.fiidei<, a pa.rr. o of 200 
 pound'-, at a fniall diitiiie.- was an iron p. li ' volant 
 of ibpouii.ls, which difcharjed carlridge iliot, in 
 another place, was a paf.ieio of jro pi.uiids, and a 
 culverin a 150 poundir. In tin. f cor.d port was 
 another palll- volant, to m.TKh Uv. lirl!, both belong- 
 ing to th-' lar!;e galleys. In ani'tlur place, w.as an 
 iron fiker of 12 pounds; a liltle c.inncn tf 16 
 pounds, a falcon of 6 poiiiiils, a nmrtar carr),!!;"; a 
 4C0 pounder. In aiintlier poll was a culverin if ico 
 pound ; infomuch, that they had ballered down one 
 tower. So that tliey could eailly mount the breach 10 .\ breach nuJ« 
 tight, becaufe the tower was nat very lilLrh, iiar the 
 folic iiiiitc du^. l!ut as faft as the lurks ritiiied it, 
 ihe belieged filled it up willi earth and nibbifli, a» 
 well as they could. 'I'liis fortrils has no li. nks j 
 and being built on a rock, they have made no cafe- 
 mates, only crcftingcmbrafurcs at ilie top, which were 
 all ruined and tak'.n, but herein tin ir lately lay, th.ic 
 fifteen or twenty of them fallied out, like fo many 
 furious hearts, and flew all they met with ; which 
 rtruck fuch a terror among the Turks, that they fl' d 
 in confufion, as foon as they faw them iH'ue I'orili. — 
 The 25th, the 'Curks caiifed a great number of cotton 
 facks, covered with fkins, and bound with ropes, 
 to be prepared; and in the night had them thrown into 
 the ditch ; fo that they reached as high as the wall. 
 Which being obfcrvrd by thofe within, cailv in the 
 morning, Ixiforc the Turks put thcmfelves in order 
 to make the attack, and mount the wall, three fcore 
 failors fallied out, whereof forty ruflied in among the 
 enemy, and fighting gallantly, while the other twenty The Tuiks re. 
 remained in the ditch ; each of whom had a little P"'"''' 
 leather b.ig full of powder, with a lighted match in 
 his hand, cut the bales, and putting In a handfull 
 
 • This was common in many other parts of Iniliai liut ilie . . „ 
 
 culliiio hav ijrailually ilecrcaleii fince the Cliriftianii came among 11 of powder,'tlien fet fire to them '; fo that in afhort time 
 ilieai,——Tb« reader will fee inort ot iljii hereafter. 
 
 »fevcral of the facks were confumcd, and the burning 
 continuca 
 
!,6 
 
 Tutkirti (hill 
 
 I' I) R I u (; L- i: s I. \ o \ A (; i. s. 
 
 
 
 r«;t».i.lrii 
 tilt Uiiljj. 
 
 com Jiu(J for twn i]ay<. Thulr who lUllicd out u|>(in 
 ihi' incmy, in.iintniiU'J tlic l'\g\\i ahovc thnc houis, 
 kil!j>,: i>;c<'l iirks an(U\uiiililili^a> lli.iii) iiiok, Willi 
 
 the lol, Ul "III] CWO lilt II. 
 
 riuii iirr 111 livi: I'lirtiiguvrv fuifl), on the a7lh, 
 wIiaIi louk .1 1 imLiIIi onr, .mil t.iniUil iikciiuis, 1>ui 
 (iiiiM mil i-iitcr tliv |i»il, Uijiili- Ihir' nt the C.in.i- 
 r.iii'' uIi'ivLriiciitiiiiii J, luiiiiii.iiiiliil tilt' liilc Ml it, lull 
 iiM'i-lIiut till.' \«iill. 'i Ik' ji^lli, the bulhii I'tiJiitil 40 
 htuK, liiltu with Turk', aiul .1 l>:wpa'ci> i>t ciiiiidii 
 in t.icli, iiiDiJii' to.ili.iiili ,1 lull, calllc nt lini wliuli 
 ii in till- |i»it liy thi. w lUr-liili', licliin.l the iitv, .mil 
 v.'.i. 1)111 U' Itnii.jillit.l by lilt I'liik.!)) .iiiilliiy. 'I'lurc 
 uiic nut .iliutc fiti.' Ill' lix mm in it, ulm, in ,1 b.iik, 
 ttc'iit duly III the t;H'.it callK', which in Id:, than u 
 r.iltiHi-ihot tlilUnt. At liKiii .n the hii.it* hi'';.in tDlit 
 roivv.irtl, thiifo within the hit l.iy dnwii, iii|iuAint 
 their belli). Kill hv '.he I uiku, v.\u> (i'iiiiiii> tu the 
 iil.iee, r.in ih'.'ir pruw» on tlie l.iiul, where iteiy thinj> 
 lay In ruiii» tu (he vtiy id^e m iht. w.iier, and le.iiuil 
 tm fhurc ) hut llitili.' wiihiii ntt tin in wilh tu<i hre- 
 hiMM>, and the euniioii of the jsre.it eallle pl.iycd |i> 
 fiirioullv, th.it the eiienw iiuitKlv lied, and liiiie (it 
 tla buat^ wii\ liink. Many v\tre drouned .iml made 
 ]iril'uiRrs by thtle in the ;'ie.it eilllf, wh.> eame mit in 
 ineiil' then bl^lt^ an.! kilkd tliein in the w atcr, ami 
 thul'c wlu> were l.iktn, the iir\t d.'y Wire h,int;cii rn 
 lheb.ittleinent> ut'ihee.illle. Tlic vvlmle camp piittin(; 
 theiiii' Kes in (u\!ei ul bailie, un the j^ih ailv mied 
 up tu the lurtiels, <<ii the lule towards the pmi, with 
 a '^re.it many lVa!in:;-!.iddei», inoldir to make a ^ene- 
 r.iTali'aiilt, and mi the fule tuwatds the lant!, muunttd 
 t'lichiaeh, (wliieh tin y euuld tlo .a pleahu'e, b.eaule 
 th^ pl.icc nai op..ii) where tla> lluuj Icr lliue Imurs ; 
 but when the hel'u^id law that the 'l'urk> had nut 
 courage to entti, tlit\ hapttl upun the beach, .iiid 
 jMHl'-il tlicni into ih;' Jittl., killing 400 that ilav. — 
 riie jilt, the .Muuiilh eapt.iin went with 11 :;allcys 
 Iti attack the little eallle, but w.m not able tu appro.uh 
 it iWr the ;:rtineiy uf the great uiie, which lunk the 
 MilUi. 
 
 N member the jJ, the rauj.k and janalVaries, with 
 all tl.e I'clt ut the I'lirk*, eame on board the galley-, 
 IcaMii^ behind thenitm I.111.I all the artillery, whitli 
 ihi'y i.aJ no: time 10 carry oil. This wa.soceaiiuned by 
 the news t'l.y reieiud, that the l'ortu;;ui le Heet was 
 •idvaiicinj; m 1 .i-derut battle. On llu 5th, :o Tail uf 
 pKi'LU'ii k lliij). appi'.vKtl in fij;ht, and tall andior Id 
 miles (liiiant Hum the I uikil!) tleet. I iuy continued 
 thub all iii;',ii', and in the morning only thrie iliips 
 w;ro It'll at a dilianrej a; vNhich time the 'I'lirks pi:t 
 otf lioiu land ) but at lun-rile thtic appcand many 
 ft-iiji', uiiieh fliut ort" a ,;;reat number ol' :'iins, al- 
 thi.u;;h m th.ii;' cctild bi dilci rned but the II. (h ul thi.- 
 pu'dderj win reiip'.iii the baflia ;;ave urilers lur latli 
 g.illey to lliotit otl'thicc ;;un«. Alter thi<, the tiuni- 
 pil^ btiiiii roimdeil, they lell to their oars and huilttJ 
 their fuiel'iils. Thi . wa* done at tOoVlock at ni^'ht, 
 and at li.u'r ihi v ilep:'rtt\l, ilvipin;; their courli.' louih 
 p..iitl. -Well, Willi iKit lutle wiiu'f, and at tlaybieak 
 r:in ;: m'le . ()ii ih ■ iy'.h they a.U. meed 20 mih> will i 
 1111! this day the I'liiillian; had their irons t.iken oil'. 
 The I Jlh, tl'.c wind biin;,' north, they entered the 
 ijiilpll cf (.)imi:/, and thin failed well fuiith-wefl, 
 lulv.meiii^ all thai d.iv and nii;!!!, but ;J0 miles. (Jii 
 tli; 2;th tin y eall anchor in li.x laihun water, at a 
 .il'urtu- ijwn e.illed Alir, a d. felt .nnd baircnpliee, where 
 Ik.Io:;.'. ^,^J^(, „|j.„ ^,,,j c.iule .ue fort.d to live 01. tilh. 'I'hcfc 
 men vvere4; I'otlii ;ii .r.', with their conful, who rc- 
 lldliii' heie, taiii.d un triide, and had always with 
 himlum.- mcrthaius belides tliofc which continually 
 arritcd, and exported fpicc and other things: but 
 their thief ti.ii!'.- wa-, in lioifcs, which lure are cxccl- 
 b.iiti oiu- b'Jn;4, vaKu'il at too ducats and more j 
 and in India will fell for io.:;o. Hut a> liiun as 
 the Vhij, of iliib country underftooil that Solyman 
 briHia was coinini; with liis fleet, he caufed the Por- 
 tn^U'.'fc to be fei/ed ill their houle, and made a prtfcnt 
 of them to the hiilii, who ordered tlicm all tube 
 chaijied. lleie ailo tli.-. fo'unJ a Him) h ii!':h had ftaid 
 
 ^ec('c 
 
 Tilt 
 
 ■■ !■' 
 
 bv the way, nut bcinj; nblv 10 procrtd for India, atiJ tif 
 
 .1 fui.Mcn, leittdall thebiltuil lor the uleut llic Ibet, 
 which leii.imcd luie ihrtcdayn. IJtcembrr the lull, 
 tlu Ibet departed, liuldin^ it» cuurit well luuth-Wtlti 
 .iiiil i.iiliii^; 41' milcii ciill, anchored near the cualt of 
 Ai.ibi.i, three h<mr» belorc dark, ul t place called 
 .Micaiya, and luuk in w.itcr. Jhc tccond, Ihcy ltd 
 .M.u.iiia, anil lulled uiU loulh-wtlt, jo milci in the 
 day, and ui) by iii|^ht i and un the yh, prucicdili){ 
 lliil v/tll foulh-well, fixtv niilr«, at. nine o'clock ill 
 the 111, lit, caU .iiithur behind the tuuii ol .\dei>, „ ^ 
 
 lelliii.; there till funi lie. Them .tdav Ihebalhabc- .\,;'."„'" 
 iiij; ,11 /kdenwilh hitwhide fleet, he lent in ilieinmn- 
 nig lui a leni^adci Turk, ( who was then a Chriiliaii, 
 and a man ol confideiahle aciuunl^ ami without l.iy- 
 ini' any thing, canted Ins head to Ik' cut oH'. 1 hr 
 italoii wa>, they all muimiireJ, and the baiha, featiny; 
 this rene^adi) would attiile him ul ni^Kelui tuw- 
 ardice, wasiefoKeil to be bcloiihaiiil with him : be- 
 c.iule he lurnieily was in the pay i/l the kinj; of ihii 
 place, and afteiward^ ii captain at I.)iii, tvheii the 
 kingul it itai llain bv the roiluguele. 'J'hcuiiluw 
 i|iaeii, licing piilli llid of urcat tualurc, anddeliiout 
 10 ritire tu Mcita, was |H.'rfiiadid by this nian n> [i,o 
 onboard a^allion, with whithlu trt.ichiioiilly f.iihd 
 to l'':;vpl, and llienee c.rrud the liealurc to Coii- 
 llantinoplc, and niadt a piefent ul it to the ^i.iml 
 li^iiior, who being informed by him, how mattera 
 palfed in Iiidi,i, maile hiin patron of u galley, anil 
 oidtrcd him to return thither with the fleet, 'whicli 
 lucctcdtd badly, and cod him his life. After this the 
 ballia, bring delituut lt> fecure Aden, cauled ICO 
 pieces of cannon great and fniall, to be landed out of 
 the fltx't ; among w liich there was two palle volants of 
 the great Vtneiiiii galleys of Alexandria. Me letc 
 there alloai|iiantity of powder and ball, with a fan- 
 jae, 5C0 Turks, and live foilU. 
 
 1 he Ii-alha now judgin,*; himfelf out of danger, on 
 the 14th (juitted the nalf-calley, and returned tu the 
 .Maon. 7 he 23d, they failed tiuin Aden with a good 
 wind, weft by fuuth, and between the evening aiul 
 moriiini, ran icc miles. 'I'he24th, at the 5th hour 
 of the day, the fleet entered the Kreights of the Red (:„,,, ih« 
 Sea, and all night lay at anchor. On the 2$th, nieit;liii. 
 three hums belorc day, they departed, failing 
 nurtb-weil, with a feaiily wind ) neverthelefs, they 
 ran ;o miles, and c.-.me to u eallle called Mocha. 
 TIk lame d.iy, there came an old 'J'urk, governor of 
 the eallle, tu wait on .Solyman, who received him 
 w ith great honour, and gave him a veft. The go- 
 vernor, ill return, continually fent the ba(ha refrclh- 
 ments Irum Ihurc ; and a few days afterwards brought 
 on hoard all his iahi«, which were very great, bcfides 
 man.' line llavis ol both lexes, tbiiikiiig every body 
 would follow him. As foon as the fleet arrived at 
 .Metca, the baiha ftnt an ambalTador to the city of 
 /iliit, three days journey within land, tu fumnion the 
 king luithwilh to the lia-lide, to pay ohedicnce to the 
 i-rand livnior. i he king made aniwer, that as tu 
 thetrihuic, he wniild rcuiily pay it, and would wil- 
 lingly aceijit of a Ihiiidaiil, it the baflia would fend 
 him one; but th:it he would not go to the liea-fidc, 
 and did tiut know him. 'I he baflia being enraged at 
 this aiilv.er, next tlay fent his kiahya with a banner, 
 accompanied by fume lluut janin'arics, who arriving 
 at Zibit, preiinti'd llir fame to the king. The king, 
 in return m.u.'e him a vcrv line prefeiit, among which 
 was a fcymctar, with li-\tral jewels, likewile a dag- 
 ger, and fume beautiful pearls, of fix carats each, 
 which made a il ring of inure than a foot in length, bc- 
 fidesa fine pcail of 18 carats : fur much oriental pearl 
 is taken on this part of the coaft af Arabia. He 
 likewifegaic to each of the Turks, two vcfls of cloth 
 and a little black Have. The kiahya made him many 
 complimcnis, and conjuicd him to comctlown to the 
 coart ; but tire king would by no means confent, 
 fcarin,'; he fhouhl be put to death. AVhtn the kiahya 
 faw that he could not prevail on him to go, he faid, 
 " If you will not go t.) the ballia, he will come tvj 
 you;" and fo took leave. The fleet Itaid here 21) 
 - days 
 
 T 
 11. 
 
 ans 
 
 •Jlic 
 
t t) I UK K A S T I N U I t S. 
 
 «-iuMni|K !tc- 
 lurs )£ibit. 
 
 Tl.c king 1.C- 
 
 lRi.l..l. 
 
 dajm, fhe i^ of J;inu»ry ihry di|ii>u-vl (mm Mo- 
 rhit 41 liiii FJ'-. wnh 4 brilK g'lc, ainl UilcJ welt liy 
 iiiirih, nil lUHi , ihi-n tlio wiinl th.iii(|iiii», tlu-y (irii- 
 c*tiUi>l niir|li-wv It, li.i^iii(<ruii in .ill n:o iiiilf. I'hc 
 i4th Ihry aJ 1 .1 iKvii luirlf) ivil^- »ii'' tl11.11 I111.1II lail^i 
 lUiU u liirvMiiil, ^1 miles 111 1 ' J-' ■ »•»' l>y 'h'' ftlh 
 houi of ihc iii^hi 'all anchor at i(W 'Cjiul of C'h i- 
 iiiui.iii, ' J Miilci. fartlif;- ) he lylh tlv: b.Jh 1 Umiivl, 
 allJ ;;av. •> all lh« Jiilli((ifi«»» vi\\<> were «<illiii(', 
 
 liiH)(lili I. ,11 ""t any thiim Ui tUt j'lilK-jf (Uvu and 
 k'aiiiiM, Till- jid >•( Kciiruury thv wiilllt" biing 
 ralm, tln-y left Cliaiti.ir ■''. I'y liilpof ihiu luis ) itiiti 
 aluiiii li« <i\ luck came (u .1 |iI.u.:>im the ci id, (mIUiI 
 Cul.ii S.iiir. Ciiliit Siiif, ao niiK'« fioiii Cliamir.iM. The ^il, at 
 IKItii^t* liiii-rilt-, al'iiik,i)f tliolw in (uy of Ihu king ol /i- 
 
 liuiii /.iliit. 1,1,^ luvint' r«\.'ltrJ, witli 51 horfi, taniM to the 
 liiiha, will' rict'iM-il liim kiiullVi iiiid niaJc him |ii. 
 Irnrj. 'I'liU m.ui cni-4ni|Kil on tlu' iliorc willi lii'. 
 icnti. 111 ihi»coui\tiv, liuv all ni:r«e uli- ot horln 
 cloathol with .iniMiir, on account ui the Jart« and ar- 
 ro*», vvhiili »ic their princijial »e;ipoiii. On the 
 4tli the hilha I inded, ami caiilml Uimr piece i of ii^ht 
 cannon to be put on rarriace*, and hu nv.ii, (irovi- 
 lion<, and ainmunitioti, to be j^;ntii n rcjdy 111 older to 
 march to /.bit. On the itith ii. let out or horle- 
 back, thno hour* kforc day ; and o'l the roail met 
 another I ink witli 50 hi'ife, wh.> had alfo rebelled 
 agalnit thckin^; him the b.illia nt...le fice, .ind con- 
 tinued hi< journey. On the I'.ihlie u:riv.\I at /il'ii, 
 and ciicampini; withoiii the cue, l.-nt ii.r tli'l.'u! 
 thereof, who leein.; himlilt bitr..ved by iiiiiiy of lii> 
 uwnpropir, and ditirulHni; thcreli, eanie loith with 
 a cord about hia neck, n« the (ii ind .Si^^niot's Have, 
 and prefcntc"«l himlcif U-forc the balha ; who mure 
 diatefy rallied his head lobellrit.k oft'. Hi, people 
 feeing lhi>, fled to the mountain^, to the tiuniber ul 
 300 i and among the relt three of the principal men, 
 with nil their riches, which were very y.reat, not 
 knowing where to go. U;.'on this, the balha lent to 
 tril thoje who made their cl'ra|>e, tint (hey ougbt to 
 return and join hiin, promifinii thcin [;(iod pay, and 
 to enrol iheiu among his own tron|)s : ii reii|ioii thire 
 .. ^ . retrrneU 200 black Abyirinian«, who h.>d been I'oldiers 
 
 Mui^iill.""' '" «'"^ '''"B- J^'f^ *""= (kfprtatc fellows, who 
 did not value life, and ran alinolf as fwilt aka horfe. 
 They went quite naked, only wrnppin;; llieir pudenda 
 in a clout. For arms, tiinie carried clubs of th 
 cornel tice, headed with iron ; others pointed tlakei to 
 throw in the manner of daiis, and fomc a Ihuri fword, 
 a fpan Ihoricr than ihofe uled by the Chrillians : be 
 fides every one had at hi« girillc a da:;';cr, bent after 
 the Mntirifli faftiion. I'he bafha alkcd every one his 
 name, andcauled him to write it, and letdown more 
 pay than he had befoiv. Uc dilmilled them thus, one 
 by one, with orders to return next morning, but 
 without arms, giving them to u:ulerlUnd, that he in 
 tended to give them their pay, and admit them to kifs 
 bis hand, in which cafe they had no occafion tacarry 
 arms. Thefc men having; prcfented themfclve* at 
 the time appointed, were ordcied to lay down their 
 weapons, and gn where the hniha wat lilting near a 
 tent in the plain, with the Turks in a circle about 
 him, under arm< : but a: r3:>i> a> ihcy wcie all entered 
 within the ring, upon a fignal given, they were in 
 
 'I'licv lie (lain, one Inlfant cut in pieces. After this, the baflia fent 
 a fanJMC, with a ihoufand foldiers, in fecure Zibit. 
 Both the ciiv and country about it, arc very line, 
 abounding with running water and delightful gardcnr, 
 and many things bcfidvs, not to be found in any other 
 part of Arabia, efpecially -/.ibibs of Damal'cus wilji- 
 out a ftone, nml other excellent fruits;— —dales, and 
 Frcfh meat is plenty, and corn is not fearer. The 
 tJth of March, the kUhn rrturna! to the fca tide, and 
 ordered ammuailinn to be feiit to Zibit, leaviniralib 
 four foilh to goard the cnaft. The loth the balha 
 lauded, and ordered the Portu;t>'''.'fe, whn were 146 
 ia ail, reckujiiuii fome Indian c<M>vertK, to be takoa 
 • out of irons, and brought bound to the Ihovr, where be- 
 ing diltribuiud among the frtHips, thflr heads were bv 
 hJs command ftruck utf, and that uf thi chief flare((, 
 Vol.. I. N' 2b. 
 
 failed, and tilled with Draw I tft' ulli' r> il.t y Cut l)i« MU 
 nofri and lan, to he f- lit to the yrand lii'iiior I li« ^— .— ' 
 I (ih ehf kialiya departtil, in CMin|iaiiy with aiiOlher 
 ;;jll'y, to /Jdein, lluiu.' lo Mnv', .md lo on l(i- 
 w.ird» Conllaniinoph', iMih .111 avC'iin' o( lli« Mn'^f 
 lo India I carrying with hnn IhIiT) ih' piif-nt-, 
 ihe III uN, iinles, aiidcai>, tli.it then' m.ill.r n>'.'l 
 le. ihev had doiK' great liul*. Tin? l(/lli, ihey U.- 
 piited an huur bilore >lav will) ,t |>liaUiil wind, .ilii) 
 lailiiig aloiijit the C'lalt, at liiiilM, > inie to an anehuf 
 at /eraet, .i place fnhiei'l to Meii..'. in ei^hi l,.lliuiiis 
 waur, Hiid ;o inilis (loni Cor. Iliiher were hroiijjlit 
 :!ij llilie peiitins v\h.> He>l Ironi /ihit Will) llieir rieliL«. 
 The biilliai allied then he.iils to he cil' <>tf, jinl k'i/(d 
 the whole Irealuie, whn h hIKd llirre pan ul Wrille'-, 
 each of which was u load fir .inv one man. 'Il.e 
 17th Ihi) failed alon.; the co,ill Willi a plcafant pule, 
 w hich an hour liefore luii-rife, piuviiti; loiitrai v, tiiry 
 call anchor in a place called AJiuli, in ti:;Iil l.itlionn AJiw'!. 
 water, hanii(; ran JO niil'S. I lie jKth, two lio'iii* 
 hifore dav, I'ley Jipaiteil, eoallin", along the Ihuru 
 till noon, „nil then i.ill .1111 hoi ni l<'iir lalhoin«, atiMu- Mu^gro. 
 ^oro, ng'iiilpoil, l.ltv nulls ilili.ini, white there 11 
 both water and \soiid. 1 tu i()ih, an hour befmeday, 
 thry (lep.iiird u itii I heir oars, and at lun-iile, the 'aiiiJ 
 changiiiL, ihry tailed aloii,; lliore jj nnhs, tua oliicc 
 called IJiilioiii, liihink to .Miei 1, ill liven tiihoni'< i)j,i^,,|i. 
 water. The /oih, being calm, ihev milled it till 
 noon, whin a p.ije fpriiiciiii; up, at Im -Ul Mi v lamo 
 to an aiiehiT in ten t. tliiins water, at a pKu. caii'd 
 "k'atiif, lKlon:>iiii{ in Atieca, 50 miles l.iither. 'Ihe 
 .".III they v.eiit on along thecoall. At noon tlieuind ^ *'•!■• 
 Ipran;; up, and at liin-tile, havin^ made OoiniU'^, they 
 anehored ,it C'hofiHlan, a ;ilacc dependant on Mecca, 
 III 40 filhoiii''. The 22il the l>,illi I unlered fix gal- 
 l.v» 1 1 go foremoll, on account of the land bank', 
 which ,irc lu thiik, tliit there is liaree any tailing in 
 the day-tiinr-. Thevcnmc to a llulf c.ilhd I'urach. 
 riic ijil they coalted it amon^ the Ihoals, through 
 which only a tingle giillev could pal's at a time, and 
 call anchor at a place called Salla, in lour l.ithuiii s.ilti. 
 water, hningraii 50 miles. Tli.' ;,tih, failiiuj; along 
 thecoall, at ni'on they anchored In 1 placr called Ari- Ai'.j.lan. 
 adaii, but th? port Ma/.ibniiti, a place inhabited by 
 |r.'.Mants, I'lihjecl to Mocha, in fix I'athoins water. 1 hir 
 ajth they failed along fbuic ) but at fun-rile, the wind 
 changing.', diove '.hem to fra till iiuon, and after.vard» 
 loward> land ; to that they call anchor betiiner, and 
 relied till the 27lh. 
 
 On the tirif of April llicy landcil at Jixldah, 
 and pitching their tcnis without the town, lUid thiie 
 four days) and the balha hin>felf rode towaids 
 Mecca on a pilgrimiigr, ouh lin;; the fleet to proceed 
 towards Suck. In coming into the port C'ontior 
 Abehcin, a galley lunk if, eiideavoiinng tu double 
 the point. Here a car|>cntrr called Mark, liel'inoinrr to 
 the Venetian galley, of Alexandria, (laid and tuineil 
 Mahometan. Thus they continued ranj-ing the coalt. 
 till t he ]9tb,whrn they ciinicclofv'inlhore, without nny 
 thing material happening -, for vhirh tealiin we t1ull 
 not trouble the render with the names of nil the plsres 
 they paU'ed by. We (hall only ohl'erve, that on llio 
 J4th they proceeded with a pretty favouralile wind ; a 
 half galiey b.-iving left behind an anchor and three 
 cables ; and one galley ran a-fliore, but was iiotlolh 
 On tlic iyih, failing weft north-well, at noon, they Im , j Ter. 
 were up with Tori and continuing their courle, two 
 bouri after night, tlic w ind turned againii thcni 1 
 therefore they lay by till day-break, when the IWoor- 
 ilh captain let fail again ; and the oiher galleys weigh-* 
 ing anchor, hinttcd tkeir forefulls ; alter running too 
 ■aues, they came into Iboal water, wlicr.- they llaiA 
 five days in fix tiithonis. 
 
 The 3d of June the fltst left the b.mk, and holding 
 on their courfr, caft anchor fomctimes on the coaftof 
 Abyflinia, (or r.ither of Egypt) fomctimes on the 
 other fide, and the 15th tlicy arrived at Caroudcl. Corondd, 
 At this place tlic fleet took in water ; and here are 
 tilt baths of Moks, as they called them. . Here B«li'-ul MuIm 
 ttiey (Hid two 4ays. The 16th the fleet £ii)ed, and 
 4 H pur* 
 
 1; 
 
 H 
 
 ^ 
 
298 
 
 PORTUGUESE VOYAGES 
 
 1540 purfued Its COUrfe for two il;iys together J at the cm) of 
 
 *— — V ' which, they arrived at Suez, whence they iet out. 
 
 Anil cat Sue? *""' "" ''"^ '7'lii began to draw the barks on (horc. — 
 They began to haul their chief galley on laiwl the 
 fecond of July, next the balha's half galley ; and then 
 the reft were arranged and drawn on (hore, in the 
 order they arrived. The Chrillians were the porters, 
 and thole who worked the engines in unloading, 
 cleared i'.nd unrigged the veflcis: all the fatigue lay up- 
 on them till the ibchi when thelemin paid tlieinall otf'. 
 On the iiinctceiuh of Au!*uft, the lemrn, accom- 
 panied with feven bo;its, went to Tor to pay oif' the 
 galleys which Uaid behind ; he took with him the heft 
 and llrongell Chridians that were on the fpot, in or- 
 der to c.ury thofe gallevs to Suez, which were in 
 a maiinrr difirmed ; as well by rtnlon of the death ot 
 The msn pM "i^nv, as the flight of others. At Tor all were paid 
 ofl. off, and the ChrilHans dillributed among the galleys. 
 
 'I'he remainder of the flict arrived at Suez, the 20lh 
 of Odober, and were all drawn on fliore by the 
 hands of the Chtiftians ; who wrought hard, both 
 „, „ . . , day and nilht. — The 26th, an end was made of 
 ti' u.i til irc. hauling the galleys on land i and the cables, rigging, 
 tackle, irons, planks, fmall cannon, and other mate- 
 rials were carried into the calHe. — This is the amhorV 
 account of the vovage. — The fate of the txpediiiin 
 againllDiu,will hefeen at large in tlie following pages. 
 From the mouth of the Red-fca to ;>ue7., are i8co 
 miles ; the co:.ll running north weft all the way. 
 The breadth of this gulph is 200 miles, and in fonie 
 places more. It is full of banks, fhoals and ftielves 
 towards land, fo that there is no failing by ni::ht, 
 except in the middle. The pl.ice is fo inlr catcly 
 (iifpofed, that a pcr'bn cannot poflibly difcover the 
 proper clniin Is, othcrwife than by the eye, ordireA 
 the courfe to he taken, but hv Handing at the prow, 
 and crying ll.irhoard, Inrboard j and for this realbn 
 the rctiirti couKI not be dcfcribed fo well asthefetting 
 out. TlK-re are two forts of pilots for this fea ; the 
 Jirif, thofe acquainted with the middle of the gulph, 
 which is the courfe of navigation outward ; the other 
 fort arc for fliips returning from the ocean, and fail 
 within the rtioals : thefe are commonly called Rub.iti, 
 snd are excellent fAimniers, fo that in many places, 
 where they cannot caft anchor, by reafon of the bad 
 ground, they will fwim under water, and Tin galleys 
 withiM the Ihoals ; and often times ever falkn the 
 prows under water according to the nature of the 
 place. 
 
 On '''.c 28th of November, 1539, the Chriftiai.s 
 of the galleys of Alexandria, left Suez, and the tirlf 
 Vcncr'ap", re-of December, arriving at Cairo, were lodged in the 
 min to Cjirci. ^^^ hr.ufe wiiere they were at tirft. Each was al- 
 lowed half a maiden a day, which is equivalent to 
 two pence of Venice ; fo that they fuffered great 
 affliction and fatigue : for every time it happened that 
 the cifterns were to be cleaned, hills made plain, 
 
 f;ardens to be put in order, buildings raifcd, or the 
 ike, all the labour fell upon the Chriftians. The 
 
 25th of March, 1540, many of thofe Chriftians went 
 from Cairo with a guard of Turks, to a hill or mount 
 
 two miles from the Nile. * 
 
 VVc have already obferved that the author of this 
 voyage, was obliged to follow Solyman Bafha on his 
 expedition, which ended with thn fiege of I3iu j 
 before we proceed to a narration of that remarkable 
 event, we fliall fay a few words by way of digreflion, 
 of the occafion of it, and of the cluractcr and be- 
 haviour of Solyman, which may not be improper for 
 the information of the reader. 
 
 A prefcnt fcnt by Badur, Icing of Cambaya, to 
 Solyman the M.ignificent, Emperor of the Turks, 
 was delivered, together with the news of his death. 
 The great value of this prefcnt dcmonftrated to that 
 prince the vaft riches of India, and ftirrcd up in him 
 a delire of becoming matter of it. He thought it 
 
 " Here we ini^jlit enteruin ihe reailtr with an account of a 
 buryinj; place on this mount, two miles froiti ilie Nile, where, 
 cucc every yvar a number of people aircmUe to fee a partial 
 
 might be in his power to expel the Portuguele in the 
 ealt, and one of them, a renegado, then at Conftin- 
 tinople, pr;)motcd the dcfign, by reprcfenting 11 's ca(y 
 to be iX'Xuted. — The fultan ordered a fleet to be 
 fitted, and gave the command to the eunuch Solyman 
 Daflia, governor of Cairo J this Solyman was a Greek 
 janiflary, born in the Morea, his age eighty years, 
 of ftature fiiort, his face ugly, and his belly fo big, he 
 was more like a bcaft than .1 man, and cuuld not rife 
 up without the help of tour. His purle purchafed 
 this command ; oftcring the Turk to furnifh the 
 Ihipping at his o»u cxpence. The better to pcrforr.t 
 this, he put to death many rich men, in order to 
 feize their cftates ; aniong others, hi hanged prince 
 David, king of Upper Egypt, after taking from him 
 a great lum of money. The fleet was goi ready by 
 Ibrahim, a conliderable officer under hini, and ton- 
 fillcd of fcvcnty fail, molily large galLvs, well ftorcd 
 with cannon, ammunition, and pri'vifions. Iniheni 
 were embarked 7C00 land loldiers, Turks and Mama- 
 lues, bcl'iJes the teamen and flavcs ; manv of which 
 latter were taken out ot the Venetian galleys, then 
 uized at Alexandria, the peace made by IJajazet in 
 the year 1503 being newly broken, ."^olyman having 
 let out, he caufed 400 fuKliers to be put to tlu- oars, 
 and becaufc they complained, put to death 2Co. He T"^ '"-"''"'''* 
 thought to have taken the king of Jodda ; but he,'"-'' 
 who well knew him, retired with the inhabitants. 
 At Zi')it, after rtctiving a rich prefent, he beheaded 
 the king Nocada Hamed, with a hatchet. At Aden 
 he pretended he had many fick men on board, and Solymar, Djfti 
 h.iving obtained houfes in the town from the king, to 
 li~'lge tliein in, conveyed (oldiers in beds, counter- 
 feiting ficknefs, on fliore. Thcfe at a lign given 
 from the fleet, fcized the city; and the king coming 
 on hoard the flcit, Solyman alked him how it came 
 10 pafs that he had negleded coming, (as it w as his 
 duty) for tlirce days. The king's anfwer having 
 perhaps hccn freer than hii cars were accuftoined to, 
 he caul'ed him to be hanged at the yard-arm of hit 
 ihip ; as iias been already related. 
 
 About the beginning of September, the bafha 
 arrived before Diu, having left fix fliips by the way. 
 He was, by inftruftions, to have vifitcd Goa firit ; 
 bur, on farther thoughts, had changed that dcfign. 
 
 When king Badur w.is killed upon the fea, with 
 fomc of his retinue, one Chojafi Z.;Har fw.im to Ciu jIi /-a.Ti.- 
 Ihore, and was well received by the Poriugucfc, 
 who put all others to the fnord. He upon fevral 
 occafions fliewed himfelf fo grateful, that Nuni o di 
 Cunna much favoured and recommendid him lar- 
 ncftly to Antonio de Silveyra. Atlaft, without any 
 provocation, he fled from Diu to Mohammed, the new 
 king of Cambaya, offering his fervice, and perfuad- 
 ing him to war upon the Portuguefe ; affirming it 
 would be eafy to drfvc them from that coaft, with the 
 affiftance of the Turkifti fleet, which he knew would 
 foon be there. The king with this cncouraaemcnt, 
 formed .1 body 5000 horfe, and ic,ooo foot at Cham- 
 panel, the place of his refidence. The firft who 
 appeared was Chojah Zaftar, with 3COO horfe, and 
 4000 foot, which he maintained at his own charge, 
 knowing it is liifpicious to advifc dangerous enter- 
 prizes, and not have part in them. Antonio de Sil- 
 veyra, having notice hereof, provided for a long and 
 dangerous fiege. Choiah Zaffar in.ide the fiifti-.r, „., n, . 
 
 1 1 . II- L r 1 T' 1 bClltecs UIJ. 
 
 biescli, (ailing upon the town ot the 1 urks n?ar 
 Diu, where he did much harm, I'raiicifco P;'checo 
 defended himlelf bravely in a bulwark, with fourteen 
 Portuguefe, till he was relieved by Antonio de Sil- 
 veyra, and Zaffar obliged to draw off, being wounded 
 in the ;.rin. At the lame time appeared Alu Chan, 
 the king of Cambaya's general, with alt the army; 
 who, inconiunition with Zaffar, fat down before the '■ 
 
 paffes : which poll?, on their approach, Antonio de 
 Silveyra gave orders fliould be quitted by his officers. 
 
 Tl 
 
 Tho 
 fleet 
 
 rc(u:rct*ioti of dead bodies : hut M. Tlievcnut and other au- 
 tlioii, linving fulficicntly expoled the /alliiy ot the llury, we 
 fliall pall it by without farther aetice, 
 
 the 
 
TO T II K EAST I N D I F. f;. 
 
 -, Di!K» 
 
 vib Zifi"*- 
 
 cficK" UlJ- 
 
 the better to maintain the city and fort. In the exe- 
 cution whcicct tli"v li'>ll f>Mne (h.ps anil gnus. 
 
 Ky realbn ot this lofs, and hccaufc the iv were many 
 private cni'iiik-., who only w.iitcd an opportunity ol 
 The city rjuit- Ihewing their ni.ilicc, Silveyra could n"t maintiin 
 Ud. tha city. Sonic he han;;cd, .iiul then reiircil to the 
 
 fort; alwMvs taJtin;; tlH' advice ot his captains. Aln 
 Clian and Chojali Zafi'ar prdcntly poUl-flLd themfelvcs 
 of the tiiy and illand, ab.iiuloncd by the PortiigU'-i , 
 and began to play iliuir (hot vii^oroufly, Lnpc «lc 
 4Soii!a, who guaidc'd ihr wood .in. I water, vhcreot the 
 fort I'ood in need, had fcveral i encounter', and flew 
 many of ilie enemy, without lofing one man ; but 
 was himlcif much wounded. Antonio dc Silvcyra 
 hearing ol the approach of the Turkilh flv'it, imme- 
 diately lent advice tlnreof to Nunno di- Cutniaj the 
 ani'wer was the diliuioncc wherewith he prepared to 
 relieve him in pcrfon. 
 
 Michael Vaz, a refolute man, fcnt by Silveyra to 
 The Tuikiili reconnoitre, (aw the enemies licet, and the better to 
 flcti aj'jKjrs. view il, came up fo near, that their (hot icached his 
 veifel : ho.vever he got crt', and carried the news to 
 the -'.ivernor at Goa. Tlie fleet came to an anchor 
 in tl'.e harbour, and was now t'ormidablc not only to 
 thole few Portun;uefe, but even to the Moors who 
 had expedleil it. Next day Sulyman landed boo janif- 
 faries, well accoutred, and armed with bows and 
 mufqucts, to terrify tite biholders. 'I'h^ y entered 
 the city, and there aCted all the infolencis u'ed by 
 foldiers. Then driving n:ar the fort, they killed 
 fix Poiiuguefe, hut 300 of their mufqueteers advanc- 
 » iilj, killed fifty of thi-m, and loiccd the rcll to retire. 
 
 A florm obliged Solyman to remove to Madrefavat, 
 a fafe harbour, live leagues from Diu. There he 
 continued twenty days, in wliich time Silveyra im- 
 proved the toriiiications, planted his artillery, anel 
 afli!;ncd every tnan his |>oft. The fame w.as done by 
 the Turk-, aflilled bv Choj;:h Zartar. Some of their 
 cannon played upon a bulwark; to burn which, they 
 built a wrxiden caflle on a great bark, filled with 
 combiidiblc matter: but I'rancifco dc Gouvea, who 
 had the command by fea, went out by night, and with 
 great difftcuitv, got to, and burnt it. At this time 
 came Tome relief lent by Nunno dc Cunna : yet the 
 grcattft ceimlort they brought was the hopes of his 
 commg after in perfon. 
 
 Sol) man returned from Madrefavat, and fired his 
 cannon upon the bulwark where Dc Gouvea com- 
 mandeel j from whence, and from St. Thomas's 
 tower, he was fo well anfwered, that one of his 
 galleys funk with moft of the men. The grcatcft 
 harm the Portugucfe received was from their own can- 
 non, which burll, and flew fome : for the enemy 
 only killed two brothers, whofe mother (named Bar- 
 bara) took them in her arms, and carried off the 
 beadies without Ihedding a tear. Zaft'ar now furi- 
 oufly battered the bulwark commanded by Pacheco, 
 which he rendered not tenable, yco ianillarics allault- 
 cel it, and fet up their colours, but fome of the 
 fcatlercd Portuiruefe advancintr, fell on, diflodgcd 
 them, and kiUeel 150. The ciifputc laftcd all day, 
 and the enemy drew ott' with fliame ; for the weight 
 of this aftion lay upon two reiolute gentlemen. — 
 Next d.ay Pacheco in defpair, lurrendereil. I he ene- 
 my entered the bulwark, calf down the Chrillians 
 colours, and let up the Turkilh. Juan Perez, a 
 man in years, enraged hereat, threw down the 
 1 urkilh, and ai^ain reared the Chriflian enfigns. But 
 the enemy prellinj, he and five Portiicuefe more, who 
 joined him, were all killeel upon the fpot, and their 
 bodies call into the fea, which laid them ai the gate 
 of the fort, where they were honourably buried. 
 l'.icheco, anti ihofc with him, had articled for life and 
 liberty ; yet the latter was not performed at all by 
 Seilvnian, .'vid the firft but for a while. However he 
 •rave tlieni Turkilh veils ; and fcnt one of them to 
 iummon Silveyra to furrender, whomadeajclt of the 
 propol'al. 
 
 Enraged at this contempt, Solyman prepared to 
 batter the fort, and planted his artillery in fevcral 
 () 
 
 799 
 1540 
 
 places, under the direflion of ZafFar. Among the 
 
 cannon (about 130 ii\ all I'uarded by 2C00 Turks) 
 
 were nine pieces of enornic is li/.e, carrying a hall 
 
 eif above ninety poiinels weight ; befidcs feveial other 
 
 lizes. (Jn Mond.Ty the Ath of (iitober, the battery .,., „, , . 
 
 iK'g.nn, anel continued violently twenty days, doing (^.^^^j 
 
 i;reat harm to the lort ; Ireini whiiice little elamagc 
 
 could he deine J nor were the beliee'cd well able to 
 
 repair the moll dangerous breaches, notwithllaading 
 
 all art and diligence was cniploycel. 
 
 1 he lixth day alter they began to batter, the Turks 
 perceiving Gafpar de Soiil'a's bulwark much damaged, 
 thought to carry it ; but many of ihein were kilh el m 
 the aetempt. With the lolsof two PortiiL;ucfe. Every 
 day there was an aittion, CJonfalo Ealeam had his head 
 Ihot oft, Junn Eonfeca beinp; wounded in the right rortugueile 
 arm held his lance with tK ' ; , .is if he hael received »i->'''">> 
 no hurt; Juan de Gallcgo, a youth of nineteen, of 
 a little boely but great heart, purlutd a Mejor into 
 the fea, till lofing ground, he wis like to drown j 
 winch the Moor perceiving laid hotel on him 10 kill 
 him; but he recovering himfell, without lofing gun 
 or fword, flew hisadverfary, and came out all bloody; 
 walking leifurely towards the fort, while fhowers of 
 bullets flew about him. Many other fingtilar acts of 
 valour were performed at this lii-^e. — But by this time -^"'Ig'eateiir- 
 many brave gentlemen had been killeel in the fort ; '"''" 
 powder grew fheirt, the provilions ("career : the 
 relief of the viceroy Don Garcia de Noronna, novr 
 arrived in India, moved flow. 'The neighbouring 
 forts lent no aid ; and all began to be 'in ccnfufion ; 
 which was increali^d by a ficknefs (caul-d by thebnd 
 water) that hindered moll from fwallou iiig the little 
 provilion they hael, fwelling the gums, anel' le)e)fening 
 the teeth, lo that thiy fell out. — The Portuguese 
 tought and luftered, as if the greatell mileiy could not 
 overcome them. 
 
 'I ho valour of the Portugucfe women here, defcives Valoeir of ilie 
 notice. Donna Ilabel de Vego, a woman of gre.at wcmcn. 
 virtue, and fome beauty, was wife to Manuel ile 
 Vefcencelos ; who fearing the fort might be lofl, and, 
 (lie taken by the 'Turks, earnelHy intrcatcd her to go 
 to her father, Erancifco Serram, at Cioa ; but Ihc 
 begged not te) be parted from him; v\liich with much 
 regre.', at lall he confented to. 'This heroine con- 
 fidering there were many men employee! in the works 
 who might fight, and their places be fupplied by as 
 many women, alTembled all of that lex who were in 
 the tort; anel h.iving exhorted them to undertake that 
 labour, to the end ie) many men might be added to 
 the number of their defendants, thev all chearfully 
 complied, anel followed her as their leader witli Anne; 
 Ecrnanelez, to whom fhc had before communicated 
 her defign. This Anne was wife to a phyfician, and 
 fo courageous, that by night ftie viewed all the polls, 
 and a|)peared at allaults encouinging the Ibidiers ; her 
 Ion being killed in her fight, fhe drew him away, and 
 returned to her poll ; when the fervice was over, fhe 
 went to bury him. 
 
 Gafpar de Soufa perceiving the Turks undermined 
 his bulwark, fallied with feventy men to view their 
 work, which he did, and made great flaughter among 
 them. At his retreat, milhng two men, he turned 
 back upon the enemy, and fought bravely ; but beino- 
 I'urrounded, was hamllringed ; yet Hill he defended 
 himfelf upon his knees, till opprelled by the multituele. 
 'The mine was countermined ; but the continual la- 
 bour became infupportabic, and it was impoflible to 
 repair fo many ruins. ■ 
 
 At this iunflurc arrived four vcflels, fent by the 
 viceroy, Don Garcia de Noronna, which brought 
 only twenty men. Solyman was concerned at this 
 fuccour, though finall, but much more that the fort 
 ftood fo many afl'aults : Chojah Zaffar having affirmed 
 he would carry it at two. At the beginning of the 
 fiege, there were no more than 600 men in the fort, 
 of whom many were killed, and Ibme cannon burft : 
 but the baiha little encouraged thereby, ftill looked 
 toward the fea, fearful of the Portugucfe fleet; which 
 he heard was coining upon him. iThis moved him 
 
 to 
 
 
 in 
 
 'I 
 
 11 
 
?•"> 
 
 PORTUGbESE VOVAGE.S 
 
 15+0 
 
 onaudiiard. 
 
 topreft the ficgc with more vigour. The bulwark of 
 t'lc U'.t where Aiitniilodc Soula commandeJ, was fu- 
 riiuifly iittaclcoJ by 50 barks, two whereof were 
 luiik by tlie caiiiinn of the callb.-. 'rhcii they at- 
 tempted CO fcalc it, anil were npulfcd with prcat 
 flaiuhl'.T. The. ufl'aulc was npcattd, and (till the 
 ciiciny came of with lofs. Auiunalt the wuiindcd 
 nun, fenf to be ilrcllLd, Fciinn Hinteiido was oiun 
 who, while he waited his turn, hoard the noilc 
 of a firlll attack, and foriyttinu the dreffing;, ran 
 thithir, .ind received another wound ; the very fame 
 happened to hi.n tho third tim;, and then he was 
 ilreliVJ of all three : by ihij liino tbirc were left in the 
 fort but 250 of the Oco men lit 10 bear arms.— 
 
 Solyman, now in delpair, refolved to tnnke one 
 pulh tor all. Tiie better to faceted in hisdcfign, he 
 counterfeited raifiii; the iWase ; ar. J twelve galleys put 
 to fca, th.it .■^ilvevra mi^ilit be th*- eaficr furprifcd } 
 hilt th.it vigilant coinnMii.lei kept llill upon hU guard, 
 as much as ever. One rii^ht, fonie nolle being heard, 
 at the foot of the uail liy water, it was found that 
 the enemy were applvini; great numbers of fcaling 
 laddcis. I hey were oppok'd till morning appeared, 
 which ihewcd the place befet all round, and all'aulted 
 by I4,v\>0 men. Ihcv bc_!;in bv playing the can- 
 non, a>iil ihtii HMiinted «n all (ides, chiefly ne:<(t the 
 coninr.iiid.int's houf.', where it was weakcft, but he 
 ha.l poftedfuih nun there, as made a terrible ilaughtrr 
 ot them. 11 iviii|r failed in this place, they attempted 
 a bulwark, pi-iiiii ; in (Itowers of arrows and bulK'ts. 
 (ireat was tin- cnfiilinn and liavock cm both fides. 
 Ill the i:it>iim, came up i.y galleys, furioufly dif- 
 ', hargiiii^ tlieir^iiat llmt, but did no execution. At 
 I. n^ith «■ r.inrifco Ciuuva niaile them draw oft", having; 
 hatiereil trtij of llu- vefii Is, and killed fonie men wicii 
 )ii< c.iiinoii. lU this tiiiK ^00 lurks had entered the 
 biilwark, atul planteil tlui: colours; fcarce 30 Portu- 
 ^,utfe wtro tluiv ti)n|)|)..ir.- them j but they rulhin,; on 
 dclpeiattU, to rCjjain the work, none of their Ihot 
 wtre lolf, the enemv being very thick ; fo that having 
 liiftained yrcit damajre. Inch as were in this action 
 dii'W off. Htiwcvir, Irelh men fuccetd-.d, andfetup 
 («ur ciilours. 'i'he Portiigueie, wounded and burnt, 
 r;in for cak J and dipped themfelves in jars of fait wa- 
 ter, where iLckini; retrelhnient, they perilhcd with 
 ^reat tortuie. Antonio dc Silvcyra indefatigably re- 
 paired to every place, encouraging all. Here a fol- 
 dier wanting ball, pulled out one of his teeth to load 
 his inufi)uct. riic enemy li.ul much the better this 
 lecond allauU. wliicli a lew i^eiitlemcu perceiving, 
 furiiuily rufnid rupun them, amon^ whom Juan 
 Rodrigm.-', a manofj^rcat bodv, and as great courage, 
 ran with a barrel of powder, cryinj, " Clear the 
 way, for hire [ carry inv own and many a man's 
 death." He threw llie barrel among the eneiTiy, and 
 fuddeniy above ion men were carried into the air, torn 
 in pieces ; 20 lay burnt upon the ground, yet Ro- 
 drigues hiniklf cair.e ort' unhurt, and duini; other 
 coi.Hd.rable actions, dcfi.r<c,l fonie of the tirft re- 
 Utuls .uid hoiijurs, ^-nined the fi'Cc. Other firc- 
 uoi ks burnt the four enfipnr, wlio had fet up the co- 
 Uniii ; two ot' the cannon elenred the place of enc- 
 miiH j >i\\ two bitllcts thr -w down fv.o cnfigns, thit 
 liiccecdcd ihc (oriner. i'he enemy withdrew, and 
 frt(h fupplies came 1111 the third time, and placed their 
 col.iurs. riif roinm^ndiT of thcle, fon-in-law to 
 Cli'ii.ili Ziiffiir, Ik'I'.' killed, his men weredifmayed. 
 Siiid turned their h.n k?. Thrl'e r.ll'auUs lafted above 
 four hour': ; the f.i oe fmnll numl>cr of Pnrtuguclc 
 wiihftanding fl'll tixlli, ar.il numerous detachments, 
 while their women in the fort, and thofc of tlie enemy 
 <ui the tity Wiilh, were fpetitators of the whole ac- 
 tion. The Piirtugiiefe, all fineared with powder, 
 ap|>eared like Moots, and were known by their cloaths 
 qik! voice, not colour ; fo blark was their appearance 
 V i'n hie, bloiKl jnd Ivveat. At length the enemy re- 
 tireil, carrying ott" above icoo wouuded, tiwl leaving 
 more than 500 men killed : of the i'ortuguefe I4 were 
 , killed, and 700 lay ufulefs for want of blood, only 
 ^40 remained able to bear armti and the weapons lay 
 
 broken to pieces on the ground, fome ferving fucU it 
 
 could not Iknnd on their legs, for crutches. No hope 
 
 wa» left, if the enemy renewed their attack ; the 
 
 walls v.ere all (battered, and the po\\der fpent j 110- 
 
 tliiii-; but horrtir appeared ; only the brave Silvcyra"s 
 
 countenance was what encouraeeti all men. Solyman c 1 i-. 
 
 / iiLj-i"^- r .^. ni;l\ nun r.nlci 
 
 put an end to all thcle cal.imities j for not knowing ii^.i^^.c. 
 
 the condition the forlrefs.was in, and territied with ill 
 fucccl's, he railed the liege. Antonio dc Si I veyra fee- 
 ing them weigh anchor, and • hoift fail, thought it 
 was only another feint, and prepared -to refill ; as if 
 he could llitl refill an attack. He polled the 40 men, 
 and caull'd loine that were v.ounded to lean againll the 
 walls, to Ihew a nunilier. Thole who could not rife, 
 ordered thcmlelvcs to be carried in their beds, laying. 
 It was to die in an honourable place : fome of the wo> 
 men alio armed themlUves, and appeared upon the 
 works. The night was Ipent upon the watch, but 
 the morning was more comfortable to the afflicted i 
 for Solyman was witluirawn inerrnelt, without any 
 thought of returning. Though fear did much, yet a 
 device of Chojah Zaftar did more towards removing 
 the baOia. Zaft'ar was moved to it as well by 1 .e iii- 
 fupportablc pride of that I'urk, as an order he had 
 from his king, that in cafe, he found the bafha intended • 
 to kt ep that city and fort, ( as was feared ) he fliould ra- • 
 
 ther endctvour to leave it to the Portu^ucfe. To tA'cik 
 his purpofe, he framed a letter, intimatinj', that the 
 viceroy of India VNould be there the next day, with a 
 vail IKt J which falling into Solyman's hands, as 
 was deli j;iied, he thought fit not to delay his depar< 
 ture i but failed away on the 5th of November, 
 afrer two months liege, having loft 3000 men. — 
 The fame night Zaflar's men fired the city, and 
 marched oft'. I'his was the//// liege of Diu, which 
 waj aJmired throughout the world, and added new 
 lulire to the Pottugutfe glory : all due to the in- 
 vincible courige and vigilance of the licroic 
 Antonio dc Silveyra, and thofe valiant gentlemen 
 who were with him. Solyman touching at the ports 
 on the coafl of Arabia, and took loinc Portuguefe, 
 he found there. He gathered above 140, and cuttins 
 ol}° their hcids, then their ears and nofes, fultcd and 
 fent them to the Grand Turk, as we have feen. 
 Among thefe likewilewasFrancifcoPacheco, who had 
 not the cout age to die like a gentleman in his buU 
 walk. Solyman being arrived at Conftantinople, and 
 not agreeing with one who ufpired his poll, wai 
 reduced to kill himfblf. His death. 
 
 This famous fiegc was far advanced, when the 
 viceroy Don Garcia dc Noronna arrived in India, to 
 vvhuin Nunno de C'unna immediately rcfigned the zo- 
 vernmtnt. His arrival, (with fo confidcrable n relief 
 as he brought) might well Itavc bettered the aiFairs of 
 Uiu, yet, on the cxuUrary, it much endangered thein( 
 tor had he not come, De Cunna had relieved Diu, 
 with 80 fail that he had in readinefs for that purpofe, 
 and prevented fo many mifcrics, and the death of (b 
 many brave men. Still frcfh advice was brought of 
 the danger the bcfieged were ^n, and frill Don Gar- 
 cia waded the time in confidering the means to re- 
 lieve them, choofing rather to commit an error through 
 his own wilfiilnefi, (for he did not want for courage) 
 than a<Sl rightly by the advice of De Cunna. Thus 
 the fiege was r.iifed, before he pitched on the method 
 for relieving the place, and the expence of prepara- 
 tion thrown away. Antonio Sylva IVIenefes was thr 
 fecondli:nt with iuccours, being 20 fmall vclTels, and 
 came too late : yet hccontendtd with Silveyra for the 
 honour of that viflory. The viceroy \vas ftill at 
 Goa, though ready to lail with a fleet of 160 fail of 
 feveral forts, aad in them 5000 fighting men, and 
 1000 cannoa, when advice came, that the Turks had 
 railed the fi(;>e. On this news, he fet out with 90 
 fliips, but moved (lowly, at if Ik did not care to go 
 thither. Hearing at Dabui that Alu Chan and Cho- 
 jah Zati^ar ftill ranged jtbout with (ire and fjnord, he 
 fent againft (hem Martin AlphonfodcMelc, with his 
 galley, and the vclfels thnt went with Dc Sylva ; but 
 being hunt fet by the enemy, he w.i> larccd to take ' 
 
 J (heltcr 
 
 SylM 
 chari 
 
 btin S 
 dc fJai 
 pcUitiu 
 
 # 
 
TO THE EAST INDIES. 
 
 301 
 
 ifcl 
 
 {v:Uiciun. 
 
 Jeath. 
 
 flielter under the caftlc. The viceroy, at the f.imc 
 flow rate, failed to Bazaim, nothing moved with the 
 news he received from Diu. It wa?; whifpercd about 
 that he cither confulted his fafety nr private iiilercK. 
 Let what would be the caufc, his aiilinns juililied the 
 worft of ful'picions ; but when lead txptiitcd, he 
 ftcercd for Diu, on the firft of January, when a iiorm 
 rifing, which lafted eight days, his flt^t was difperdd 
 into fcvcral ports, and fevcral vcfllls, with two gal- 
 leys loft, (b that he entered but witli 50 fail. A 
 treaty of peace was prcfently let on foot, and con- 
 cluded little to the advantage of the Hortugucfe, 
 
 Sylveyra's which common fame attributed to covutoufnefs. 
 
 cliaiaiflcr. Antonio de Silveyra foon after returned to Portugal, 
 and had fcarce anchored at Lifbon, when the great 
 men of the court came to conduifl him to the king, 
 and princes, who with joy to fee and honour this 
 hero, whofe generofity did him as much honour as his 
 valour at the ficee of Diu. What a pity fo much 
 courage as the Portuguele difplaycd in the difcovery 
 and conqued of the Indies, had not been always fanc- 
 tificd by juftiec, and crowned by humanity ! 
 bon Stcplano In the year 1 540, Don Stephano de (j.inia, fct out 
 jj^ 1^':""" "" from Goa, on an expedition, wherein he is faid to 
 have had two ends in view; the one of which was to 
 carry fuccour to the emperor of Abyllinia, and the 
 others to dcftroy the 'I'urkilh fleet, which he cxpcdted 
 to (ind at Sucr. 
 
 The account of this voy.igc is written by Don Juan 
 de Caftro, who was afterwards governor and viceroy 
 of India,* from whence we have derived our autho- 
 rities. 
 
 It was on the 3ill of December at fun-rife, that 
 they departeil from the bar of (joa, towards the 
 ftreights of Mecca, and difcovered the ifland of So- 
 cotra on the 13th of January following. 0( this 
 ifland we have already fpoken, but the defcription 
 given by our author is fo exact in many particulars, 
 that wefltall here tranfcribe it. 
 
 " Socotra (fays he) is twenty lea,;iirs in length, 
 and nine in breadth, and lies in 12 dcg. 40 niin. of 
 Ibuth latitude. The northern coal! runs eaft and 
 weft, fomewhat inclining to the north-weft and fouth- 
 caft. The fliore is quite clear from rocks and flioals, 
 and all impediments to failing. The ground in the 
 ro.id is generally fandy, but in fomc,places ftony, yet, 
 not fo as to cut the cables. But there is no other place 
 or harbour throu;;hout the ifland where fliips may 
 fafely anchor. The coaft is very high, and girt 
 with lofty craggy mountains. The tides there are con- 
 trary to thofe ot India 1 for when the moon appears 
 on the horizon, it is higli tide, which from that 
 time begins to ebb, and by the time flie comes to 
 the meridian of the ifland, it is low water ; then as 
 the moon declines from the meridian, it begins to 
 flow again in the (itine order, as it fees at Goa, and 
 
 being let, it is here full fea." The inhabitants of 
 
 Socotra arc Chriftians. They have churches through- 
 out the ifland, in which there is no or.'iclc but the 
 crofs ; fur which (ign thry have great devotion, it 
 being rare to find any peribn without one about his 
 neck i and they ufe the Chrillian names of John, 
 Peter, Andrew, &c. and the women generally that 
 of Mary. 
 
 Thefe people have no king, ruler, prelate, nor any 
 other perfon to whom they are fubjeift, but, though 
 Chriftians, live in a manner like wild beafts without 
 any order or government. In all the ifland there is 
 neither city nor town, but mott part of them live in 
 caves, and fome in little thatched cottages quite fe- 
 parate from one another. Their food is flefli and wild 
 dates. 1'hey drink milk, and feldom any water. 
 The people are of the beft difpofition. The women 
 Vol. I. N' 26. 
 
 ' Don juan ilc Caflio w»s a roriugiuli: nol>leman, the fon of 
 Alvcro lie C.iHm. In liis vnutli lie luH fcrvcil at T-nngicr, ami 
 •fiurtvarilsiinilcr Cluilcs \ . (a^alnllTunii)ul wliom tieiefufcti 
 toacccpi his pan ot a prcltnt in moiicv. fasing, he leiveil the 
 ki:<g at l*orcu^al, and li'uui hint cxj^cvU-il liii ictvard. He af- 
 
 , MafTu^. defcri. 
 
 are fair, and the men go naked, except covering the 1541 
 
 piivate parts wilhafurt of clflli, the iiiaiuiftdlure of > ^ 
 
 the illands. Ihe inhabitants arc not iitdullrious in 
 catching fifli, and have net the art ol ivigation.t 
 The fruit of the palm-tree is their chii^i lullenancr j 
 but the land yields all forts of eat;iblc .and medicinal 
 piniits, — 
 
 I'lie fleet came within fijjhtof Aden on the ayihof 
 January, when they perceived fonie land, which they 
 had fecii before, and taken for an ifland, to be the 
 mountain of Aden. Leaving Ailen, they proceidtJ 
 on their voyage ) and our author here takes oecafion 
 todefcribe the ftreights of Babelmandel, and the Ara- 
 bic gulph or Red ijea, of which we Ih.iU fay more 
 hereafter. We have already obfcrvcd that the defti- 
 nation of the fleet was towards [Hahcfli, Abefli, or] 
 Abyflinia, which they fuppofed to be the empire of 
 Praftcr, or Prclbyter John, a prejudice that for :i 
 long time was entertained among the European na- 
 tions. In their courfe they paflld by Shamoa, Dallaka, 
 and other places in the channel, and on the 12th ar- 
 rived at Mafl'ua, the fituationof which the author has 
 deferibcd in the following manner. 
 
 •' Maftua is an ifland not half a mile in length, and , 
 in breath not a caliver fliot. It is very flat, and lies |^^Jj"' 
 in a great and crooked nook of the coalt, very near 
 the point of it. The current is very (inall, :md all the 
 winds cnme from the land. The depth of the water 
 is eight or nine fathoms, and the giound <i(i/.y. The 
 enteranee of this port is on the north-eaft fide, to- 
 wards the middle of the channel, in order to avoid 
 the flioal running from tlie point of the work. Near 
 this ifland lie two others. There is no Ipring in any 
 of them; but in Malfiia are many ciilerns of water, 
 and many (hoals lie fcattcred between them; but vcf- 
 fels are fafe in the mid-channel." 
 
 Mafl'ua W.1S fuhje<;i to the emperor of the Abyflini- 
 ans or Abaflins, till the king of Dallaka fcized it, 
 and fixed his relidence on account of the tr.ide carried 
 on for gold and ivory. The air is exceeding hot and 
 unhealthy in May or June, for want of wirul, fothat 
 both the king and inhabitants retire to Dallaka, dur- 
 ing thefe two months. The land, as f.ir as Archico, 
 where there are many wells, a league to the fouth of 
 Mafl'ua, is very high and full of mountains, between 
 which and the fea are fpacious fields and plains ; but 
 thence forward the coali is more clear. The country 
 abounils with elephants, tygers, wolves, wild bear?, 
 flags, elks, and other forts of hearts unknown to the 
 Portuguefe, 
 
 Nilus is ftill called Nil, by the Abyflinians, Egyp- it^jjmH 
 tiaiis, Arabs and Indians. Its fprings are in thecomfc of tho 
 fouthern borders, towards the country of the CatFrcs ; N'.lc 
 nor does the river hide itfelf any where under ground, 
 according to the author, but continually ftiewed itfelf 
 carrying a great breadth and depth. He likewife learn- Caiifc of its 
 ed, that the increafeand overflowing of the Nile was'""":-!'. 
 owing to the great and continual rains which fail in 
 June and July, in their country, which alfo was over- 
 flowed; and that in Auguft the rain ceafed, and the 
 water fell by degrees. As a confirmation of this, he 
 obferves that at Maflua in June, and part of July, 
 there fell great ftorms, rains, and thunder; and that 
 he could perceive within land continual tcnipefls, and 
 the flcy black and cloudy ; which yet the Ahvllinians 
 faid gave but a faint idea of what it really was. He 
 adds, that the fame months of June tnid Julv, arc the 
 winter at Cape Buena Efperanza, and along that coaftj 
 where the rains fall without intermi/Fion. Upon en-,, . 
 quiry he was farther acquainted that the river madc^j.'jjj^^j^ 
 (evcral iflands ; and, among the reft, one very large, 
 with a great city on it, which he concludes muft be 
 the antient Meroc ) that it abound..d with certain 
 4 I dan- 
 
 Th» 
 
 terwariU commaDJcd a fleet upon the frail, ami w:ii fcnt wiili 
 another to the relief of Ceuta, wliirli joined that of Spain 
 
 t Thcfo people hare fincc lien con(|ueie<J t>y the Ara- 
 bians. 
 
 t ! 
 
 ^il 
 
PORTUGUESE VOYAGES 
 
 15+1 
 
 Alnflhiia in- 
 
 v.i'Jm. 
 
 (Vnplc of 
 
 'Altyliini.i, 
 
 danc;eroiis animals, which he fiippofcs to be croco- 
 diles ) and that in a certain place which they named, 
 it fell tiom a Uiijc rock with great noifc j but not fo 
 as to niiikc people deaf. 
 
 Atine Tingil, (called afterwards David) rei,!!;ning 
 in 1530, bctanie fo cruel and tyrannical, that he 
 ;;rcw hanfiil to the Abyfliniaiis. At this time Gradii- 
 niot, king cf Zeyla, encouraged by the dilalFectiun of 
 his liilijcct'^, or invited by fonie of the lords, invaded 
 his dominions, and toolc fome towns j by the plun- 
 der of which, he animated his troops, the chief 
 flren^th whereof confilKd of 300 Turks, armed with 
 har(|iiebiili'(.s. On the other hand he made all the 
 inhabitants free in the cities he pafl'ed through, and 
 cafcd them of taxes : by which means he I'aiiied not 
 only the people in general, but the nobles thcmfelvcs 
 over to his interilh 
 
 Th.' emperor font an army ngainfJ him, but on 
 the 'i'urks tiring their calivers, which killed fonic, 
 the folditrs wire lb terrilied, that they prcd-nlly fled. 
 'Ilic king of Zeyla, encouraged by this vidory, and 
 joined by imiltitudes of Abyflinians, ravaged the 
 country ; and marched towards that part ailjoining 
 Magailoxa and Melindn, in order to attack a moim- 
 lain, where th^" royal treafure was lodged. To pre- 
 vent this, Atine Tingil met him, with all the forces 
 he could niufler : but this army was very fo'>n put 
 to fllglu like the former, by means of tlic Turks. 
 Ihe emperor, after this defeat, directly retreating 
 to the mountains, died within a few days. The 
 king of Zeyla, after his viftory, continued hismarch 
 (o tiie mountain, by great journeys ; and arriving 
 tlicic, afl'aultid the paflis with fuch vigour, that al- 
 though the place feeined inacccfTiblr, yet, at length, he 
 took it, and therein the greateft treafure that e\cr was 
 known in the woiKI. 
 
 ■|"hc loyal Abyflinians on the emperor's dcceafe, 
 clefled his eldcff Ion in Ills room; who being very 
 
 y 
 
 and the country inconfufion, a brother of his 
 
 T.cir I.»l;it 
 ar.d liict. 
 
 t ini|iirtd with foine great men (or they prunijited him 
 to obtain the kingdom, which proved the utter ruin 
 cf the Abvllinian'. While the unfortunate youth was 
 thus eiijviged in a civil uar : the king of Ziyla came 
 upon him ; and he bein'^ unable to refill, fled to a 
 mountain very high and great, and of dillieult afcent, 
 having but one way up to the top, which is a large 
 plain, abounding with fprings, fruit-trees, cattle, and 
 cultivated lands. 'I'hc inhabitants here, weie faid 
 to cblcrve the law of Mofes ; but how they came here, 
 (t!,ere being no Jews any where clle in the land) or 
 why ihev never cainc down and converl<;d with the 
 Abyiriniii-.s, Don John owned he could never difcovcr. 
 However thefe pco|)le defended the king againlf the 
 Moors, and king of Zeyla, who entering the moun- 
 tains, were obliged to retire. 
 
 About this time the Portuguefe arrived at Maffiia, 
 which di'inavtd the Moors, and encouraged the king 
 10 quit the mountain, and advance with his people 
 to certain hills ne:ir the coall about Mafl'ua, from 
 whence he fent moil dutiful letters to the Portuguefe 
 governor, who returned ani'wcrs with hopes of 
 luccours ; and after his return from Suez, 5C0 men 
 were f^nt under a conuiiaiidcr, to his afliftance. 
 
 " The AbvlTinians arc deicribcd as ceremonious and 
 full of punctilios of honojr. They u(c no weapons 
 but darf^, marKed wirh a lance and crofs, only a few 
 wear half fwor.is. They are very active on horfe- 
 back. They ere generally addicted to lying and 
 rapine. They do not reckon thofe rich who poflfefs 
 money, but only f.ich as have abundance of cattle 
 and camels; notwithlfanding which, they prize 
 gold very much. At home they arc weak and cow- 
 ardly ; but in other countries, Itrong and valiant; Co 
 that it is become a proverb through India, " 'F'hat the 
 good foldier muft be an Abydinian ;" and they arc Co 
 hr;hly elKemcd in hallegat, Cambaya, Bengal, 
 aiul other places, that they are always the principal 
 (jerlons in the army. Their habit is very mean, con- 
 iitlirgof a linen fhirt ; only fome great jwrfons wear 
 u bedon : the common people go naked. They cat 
 
 their vitSuals cither quite raw, or with mod of the 
 blood in it, only juU (hewing it to the file. In the 
 land there is no cities nor towns, but they live in the 
 fields, under tents, like the Arabs. 
 
 It is a thing much talked of among the AbyfTinans, 
 that a Ailtan of Babylon having made war againll 
 the emperor, the latter gathered a great multitude 
 of people, with an intent to turn the river Nile by 
 another channel, into the lea ; which when the I'ul- 
 tan heard of, he was amazed ; and being fcnfiblc, 
 that if the work was executed, it Would ruin Egypt, 
 he fent amball'adors, with great gifts, to obtain peace 
 and friendfliip with the emperor, and gave the Abyf- 
 linians a privilege to pal's through his country, without 
 paying tribute ; and at this day they pay none, when 
 they go to vifit Jerufalem and Mount Sinai. This 
 paniige was confirmed in every circumftance, by fome 
 learned grave Moors, of whom the emperor made 
 enquiry in the Arabic Gulph.— The 19th, at fun 
 rifing, they left the nook half a league beyond Mafl'ua, 
 and let fail, keeping about half a league from land. 
 This day the weather was very clofe, and it rained. 
 'Phc fleet confilted of fixty-four rowing veficls, viz. 
 three galliots, eight fmall galleys, and thirty-five 
 foifts. At night the wind being N. W. it calmed, 
 and blewa little at W. In the fecond watch it began 
 to rain, fome time after they weighed anchor, and 
 rowed along the ihore till morning, it raining (fill 
 
 very hard. The 20th, in the evening, they 
 
 were as far as the point of the range of iflan^s on the 
 north-fidc, about fourteen leagues from Mafl'ua, and 
 four from the cor.'t : which in that didance, lies 
 N. N. \V. In [lerate, Dohul, and Damanil, Ibmc 
 of the outermoll iflands, they found cattle and water, 
 with a few poor dwillioL's, the land of them is low, 
 and they are Cuirounded « ith ihoals and flats. All the 
 firft watch of the night, they lailcil N. N. W. with 
 a fair wind at E. y\t the beginning of the fecoad, 
 they fell on a fiiJdeii among certain white fpots., wi,i.j r,at> 
 which call fl:]mes lilcc lightnings; wondering at this imlit Itj. 
 ftrangc appearance, they took in tlieir fails, believing 
 they were upon fome (hoals or banks ; but on found- 
 ing, found twenty-fix fathoms water. Therefore, 
 perceiving the pilots of the country not furprilcd at 
 it, they continued their courfe.—— The 21ft, when 
 it was day, they faw ofi-' at fea a low ifland, whereof 
 the Moorilh pilots were afraid. — The 22d, at day 
 break, they let lail, and arriving by noon at a very 
 long point of land, which comes from ftiorc, the 
 emperor's pilot obferved the latitude to be 1 8 degrees 
 30 minutes. After doubling this point, they found 
 the fea very open, and failed N. W, by VV, An 
 hour after they came to an harbour called Maratc, 
 The coafl this day ftretchcd N, N. W. and is all 
 low land ; but farther inwards, the mountains fccm 
 to reach the clouds. — Marate is a very low defert M.,ritc ilc- 
 ifland, of a roundifl) fhape, about three leagues from (cnlicJ. 
 land, fixty-fix beyond Mafl'ua, and in compaf«, a 
 league and a half. On the fouth-weft fide facing 
 the coaft, thers is a very good haven, fecurc from all 
 winds, el'pecially the eaftern, made by two long 
 points, which extend north by well, and foiith by 
 ealf, enclofing a fpacious harbour, narrow at the 
 mouth; where there lies a long very flat ifland, 
 with fome (and banks and flioals, lb that no lea can 
 get in. This port has two entries, both very near 
 the points. The channel, on the call fide, lus north 
 by well. The depth is three fathoms in the fliallowcll: 
 place, and increal'es advancing in the port, where, 
 near the fliorc, there arc four or five fathoms: the 
 bottom is muddy. They rode here all night. — On 
 •the 23d, departing at fun rife, they found I'even 
 fathoms, and fandy ground. At eleven, they came 
 in fight of two little iflands, far ofl^at fea ; one called ,1.^^,^ jfljinj,. 
 Daiatata, the other Dolcofallar, from which to 
 Swakcn, is a day's fail ; from noon they failed N. VV. 
 by W. till evening, when they entered the channel 
 of Swakcn, Ifeerinj N, W. for the ipacc of a 
 league; — then meeting with fhoals, they, to avoid 
 them, failed W. by N. and fomctimcs W, They 
 
 held 
 
 Port Shi 
 
 Shoalte 
 ken. 
 
 The char 
 
 ■Tlie fe« of 1 
 rious coloui 
 
 CityofSwake 
 
TO THE EAST INDIES. 
 
 3"3 
 
 Port Shibac. 
 
 ShoaliOf Swa 
 ken. 
 
 liite fpots 
 ilii; Ic4. 
 
 .irate Je* 
 LitJ. 
 
 rwoiilinils. 
 
 held this courfe ahout three leagues, and then fccin?; 
 a giL.it ili.ind a-lit-'ad of them, tarkcd towards land j 
 and, bcture I'un-fet came to an anchor amoni; rocky 
 flioals, in a {;cod harbour called Shabac. 'I'hisday 
 the (jilot found the latitude, by the meridian altitude, 
 to be fcarccly 19 degrees. — The ftioals of Swaki n arc 
 fo many, and lb intermixed with illands, banks, 
 rocks, and channels, that there is no defcribin'r 
 tlitm i at the entrance among them to the right, tlieie 
 is a (hoal under water, on which the lea breakelh 
 much : and to the left, a little ifland that ftretclicth 
 with the Ihoals, N. E. by E. and S. W. by S. 
 The dirtancc is about three quarters of a league. — 
 The channel. B>-in3 entered, the channel appeared very fpacious; 
 and, tlic farther they advanced, the more numerous 
 tlic llUnds appeared to the right, orfea-i\ard. They 
 arc very low, and with the flats and banks of fand or 
 rocks, are without i\umlicr : but thole towards land 
 are not fo many J though in cdnijiarifon ot any other 
 fca, it is the foulcll and moll unnavigalile. The rule 
 for failing through thcle flioals, is to keep as near 
 tliofe to the right as niav be. The bre.idth of tlie 
 channel, in fonie places is about half a league i in 
 others, a quarter; and in others, lefs tli.m a calivcr 
 fh)t. From the entrance to the port of Shabac, 
 which is about five le.ii;'jcs, they never found Icfs 
 than fix fathoms water, or more than twelve. The 
 extent of thele (h.)als may be eight >.r nine leagues, 
 and then you pals into anotlui channel, furer for 
 fllips and great velVels. ^)i you may leave all ihcfe 
 fiioals to the righi, failing clofe to tlie Ihore ; and 
 this is by much the bcrt, and moft plcafant way. 
 
 On the 24th, at fun-rife, they left Shabac, and 
 rowed along fo narrow a channel, that two could 
 not go a-brea(t ; the wideft part being not above 
 a ciofs-bow fhot over. They never went nearer the 
 land than the fame di (lance, nor a cannon fhot from 
 it, all the flioals, rocks, and banks, which fur- 
 rounded thcni, were under water, yet eafily difco- 
 vered by the colour of the fea, which over them ap- 
 peared either very red or very green j but dark or 
 blackifli, where the channel was deep and open. 
 At half an hour paft eleven, they call anchor to lee- 
 ward of a little low, round illand, four leagues from 
 Shabac, in nineteen decrees. In this latitude Pto- 
 lemy places the Mountain of Satyrs, which the pilots 
 of the country knew nothing of. But the emperor 
 walking about two miles from the coaft, found vari- 
 ous kinds of beafts, and vafl flocks of piancts, whofe 
 footfteps covered all the plain to the fea-fide. From 
 Shabac hither, the depth is never Icfs than two fathoms 
 and a half, or more than eleven. The tide here rifes 
 not above half a yard j and it begins to flow as foon 
 *s the fun afcends the horizon, after t!ie manner of 
 
 the tide of Socotora. .The 28th, at day break, 
 
 they hoilled fail, and at nine o'clock came to an 
 anchor about two leagues from the land, in twenty- 
 thrio fathom water, on a folt fand, like ooze. In 
 the way, the/ perceiving foine fhoals out at fea, by 
 the water's appearing tilhei very <;reen or red. I'wo 
 hours after noon, they let fail again, and at night 
 call anchor in thirty-U-vcn f.i'Junis water, the bottom 
 fand, ne.ir by an illand, a Ic.^ ;ue and a half fhort of 
 Swaken. 'Ihc coaft bears N^ N. W. and S. S. E. 
 along it runs a ftioal that eiuereth into tliJ fea, half 
 a league. Tlie land upon ihj fea-fide is like the 
 
 former. 'I'he fiift of March, fctting forward, 
 
 they doubled a point made by the flioals : and entci ing 
 by the channel inward, came to anchor in the port 
 of Swaken. 
 
 Swaken was one of the richeft cities in the 
 call, ll.-mding on the coaft of the Abyflinians. It 
 equalled, if not exceeded, the moft eminent places in 
 poodncfs and fecurityof the port; facility in lading 
 and unlading (hips, traffic with remote countries ; 
 ftrcngth and advantageous fituation of the town. — 
 The harbour is flieltcrcd by nature from all winds, 
 and the water is fmooth and ftill, that the tides are 
 fcarce perceptible. It is able to contain 200 ftiips, 
 and galleys without number. The road has in all 
 
 The fea of va- 
 rious colours. 
 
 CityofSwaken ^ 
 
 •5+' 
 
 plnccs five or fix fathoms water, find in fome feven. 
 I he bottom is mud, aiio may be lecn, except where ^^^-y^ 
 it is ten or twelve fathoms deep. The fliips come 
 u|)clofe to the ihore, quue round the city, and may 
 be laden by laying a jilank from them to the mer- 
 chants warehoufcs, to ihe 'o.irs of which the galleys 
 arc faft.ned, with their beaks llretching over tiiP 
 llrcets, which ferve as bruljes. As for commerce, 
 the auJior liys he knew no cifv that could compare 
 with it bill LiPo n, for it tr.T J to both Peninlulas 
 of the Indies, pj'-ticiilarly Cani'iaya, Tinnlarin, 
 Peju, and ,\Iai-cca ; \-i h 11 the Arabic C)n',h, to 
 JoJd.ih, Curo, .'tvl .'Mexa:'!u 1; Lofides uii.it it: 
 carried on with Kuiinnia, ar.'. :he land of t!io Abyf- 
 linians, from whi»nc; it nad va(t quintiti'sof gold 
 and ivory. — For theUrengtl'. ilrj ..lly leemcdn.'.turully 
 well feeurcd, by .le many (lioaK, ifluiids, roclis, 
 and-baiiks, and intricate rhanncls, that lay for fix- 
 tccn leagues about it; which in.ule the approach by 
 fea very dangerous and terrible to navigators ; yet 
 the inhabitants have not taken the id's care to defend 
 t by art. The fituation of tliis city is in :, is manner; 
 in th- midlt of a circular nook l! anus a fiat idand, 
 almoPt perfi.dly round, and level with the water, 
 about a mile in compafs. In this (pace, there is not 
 a foot of ground thiitisnat taken up with houfes ; 
 fo that all t:ic ifland is a city, and all the city an 
 ifland. On the caft-fouth-call, and fouth-wcft, its 
 (lance from the land is not a bow-(liot. The road The road for 
 .■s round about the city, to the dillance of a great 1iU"> 
 crofs-bow-fhot J having every where fix or feven 
 fatlioms water i fi) that tlic (hips may caft anchor at 
 pleafurc, in a mud bottom. This road is incom- 
 pa(rcd with a great fiioal, and that by others, which 
 render it almoll inaccefllble by lea, — In the nook on 
 the north-well fide, lie three other iflands : two of 
 them which (land fartheft in, are but fmall ; but the 
 third next the channel, is about as large as the city. 
 Bet.yccn this ifland and the coall, on the north fide of 
 the nook, runs a great and long channel : where a Channel an<1 
 numerous fleet may ride in feven fathom water, out uda. 
 of all danger of being hurt or even feen from the cit)-, 
 except their malls. At fun-rife it is full fea, and 
 gradually ebbs, till he comes to the meridian, 
 when it is dead low water; after that the tide begins 
 to rife, and at fun-fet is full in. At this time the 
 water does not rife in the city, above one quarter of 
 a yard ; and along the coaft the moft that it rifcs is a 
 yard and a half, and, in fome high pla' es, lefs than 
 three quarters. — Before fun-fet, on the ijtli oi March, 
 hey left Swaken, and anchored at the mr ath of the 
 channel. The loth, they dcparttd ; they lay all 
 night at anchor, when a vaft quantity of dew 
 fell. The nth, they hai. a ftorni from the north, 
 which carried up the fsnd of the (hcie to a great 
 height, and then fcatterii.g it through the air, made 
 it api)ear like a great mift or fnioak. 
 
 On the 1 2th, they parted out of the channel two 
 leagues beyond Swaken, being about a Icajiiie and :i 
 half from the coail ; hut met with fo many rocks, 
 fhoals and flats, whereon the fea broke violently, 
 that they were forced to take in their fails, and row 
 for three hours, t'U they got clear of them. In the 
 evening they came to an anchor within the banks, 
 entering a very narrow channel, one league beyond 
 the former, and three from Svsakcn. It is great and 
 fpacious within, the ground very clean, nor can the 
 fca enter and do any damage. 
 
 The 13th, an hour before day, they pafled out of 
 the channel, and faw to the right, about a cannon- 
 fliot diftant, a very long range of (hoals, which feemed 
 to bear the fame courfe with the coaft. At eleven, 
 the wind lefiined ; then blowing from the north north- 
 weft, they could not make any way, and were forced 
 to faftcn their vcfiels to the rocks. But about two 
 in the afternoon, the wind fpringing brifkcr at N. N. 
 E. they bore N. W. and coming up with the bank 
 of the land, took in their fails, and rowed into a 
 very narrow and winding channel, harbouring within 
 the bank. It is about fcvcn leagues beyond Swaken, 
 
 from 
 
 li; 
 
 :. I' 
 
364 
 
 portugu'ese voyages. 
 
 IS4I 
 
 Oorooliiv, 
 
 from wlicncc the coaft bears north and foiith, and 
 
 /; north by welt, and fouth by call. The i6ih Dun 
 
 Juan went on fhorc, and oblrrvcd that when the fun 
 
 was two hours above the horizcn, it xvfls full fca, 
 
 and at two in tlic aftcrftoon, low water. The 
 
 height to which the tide rofe \t.is twenty-two cu- 
 bits. 
 
 On the i6th they left thcchannct, the wind at north, 
 and half a Ic.tgue beyond, cait anchor. 'I'hc ryth 
 they put into a very guod harbour ; called Tracfate, 
 ten leagues from Swakcn ; the coaft between lyiny; 
 north by weft, and fouth by caft i the land near the 
 [hore is all very low ; but three leagues within, there 
 are very great and high nioontains. 
 
 Tradatc juftly mciits to be ranked amongfl the moft 
 eminent ports : it lies in the altitude of lo Jog. 50 
 min. 1 he entry has >t\ l,road[li about a litiall fal- 
 con (hot, but within runs gradu,illy narrowing, 
 yet the depth of water all the way is twenty fathoms j 
 the ground ouzy. About a quarter of a league in- 
 wards, there aie liiveral wells, atfording the bell and 
 grcatift quantity of water known in all thefe coafls. 
 
 The iqth, they failed about three leagues ar.d a 
 half in light of many ftioals : the coal? ilrciched 
 north and fouth. The jotli, at fun-rifing, the fca 
 being rutllcd with a north wijid, they were forced to 
 li'ek a harbour within the flioal, entering by a very 
 narrow and troublefome channel : after they had ealt 
 anchor, the wind came rjOrth north-eal}. The 21ft, 
 they departed with a fair well r.orth-weft wind, and 
 failed north, within half a league of tlie fliore. An 
 hour after fun-rifiiig they c;ime up with a very long 
 and fair 'point, behind which, is the bay of Do- 
 too. 
 
 Doroo, is a very fine and greai bay, fifteen leagues 
 and a h.ilf beyond Swaken. On the fouth fi<}e it 
 thruftcth a very large and bare point into the lea, where 
 there is built a great and round tower, rtlembling a 
 pill.ir. The bay is full of idands, creeks and nooks, 
 where many vellels may take (heltef unperctieed : the 
 mouth is clofed up all round, with a dryflioal, lying 
 about a mile otf at fea ; only oppofite to the cape, it 
 Itaves a narrow entry, in which is found fix fathoms 
 water; and .advancing gradually, the depth diminiflies 
 till you come into three fathoms, which is the (hal- 
 lowert. The ground is a very hard clay, and the 
 courfe into it eall by north : about a cannon (hot from 
 this port is a well, with plenty of water, but very 
 bracki(h. 
 P f_ - At day-break on the 22J, they departed with their 
 
 wyot tulliaa. ^.^^^^ ^^^j ^^^^^^^ ^-^f^,^^ through the rocks, with which 
 
 the fea was full, towards ten o'clock made thc'r (hips 
 faft to fome of them ; and about e«ening, doubling a 
 low point of land, came into a very fpacious bay, 
 called Kufhaa, three leagues and u half beyond Doroo. 
 The coaft between lies north and ibuth, inclining a 
 little to the uellandeaft. 
 
 FuQiaa Bay is remarkable for a high and (harp peak, 
 the latitude is 20 dcg. i 5 min. the mouth is made by 
 two very low points, lyintj north by eaft, and fouth 
 by well, a Ita^^ue ."nd a half a'.under. As no great 
 fea enter's, there is a good harbouf, with an oozy bot- 
 tom. At the mouth there are ten or twelve fathoms 
 water; the depth inward diminifhing till it comes to 
 five fathoms. There is no water here, and the land is 
 very dry and barren. Along the fouthcrn coa(tof the 
 biy there li: nine little iflands in a row, and others 
 fcattcred elfewhere, all fmall, low, and Currounded 
 with fltoals. 
 
 On the 25th, coading the land in fight of many rocks 
 on the right, at ten o'clock they entered a very capa- 
 cious harbour, called Arkea, four leagues from 
 f'lilhaa. This is the ftrongcft and moft defenfible 
 haven that our author had feen, 22 leagues beyond 
 Swakcn. In the midft of the entry lies an ifland, 
 about a crofs-bow (hot in length, and near the fame 
 in breadth. On the fouth fide tli.re runs out a (hoal 
 and bank from the land, which hinders a palfage that 
 way. The channel on the north fide is a crols-bow 
 (buto^cr, and 1 5 fathoms deep, running north-weft, 
 
 ^J 
 
 and foiith-caft, the length of a calivcr (liot. It miift 
 be failed in the middle, tor the fides are ihiillow, and 
 full of rocks. Having paflcd through this channci, 
 the coaft winds on both fides, and widens, forming a 
 large and fafe port, one li-agtic in lcni;th, and a half 
 in breadth. 'Tis deep in the middte, but near the 
 land is full of (hoals. There is no water iit this place. 
 When the peak bears weft fouth-weft, you are then 
 up with the port, l-'rom hence Gama fcnt all the 
 fleet b.Tck to MalTua, except 15 fmall galleys, with 
 which hccoirtinucd his voyage. From hence the coalt 
 begins fo wind very much, and foHi league beyond 
 Ras al Dnaer, runs very low to the north north-caft, 
 and at length makes a point of land, where there are 
 13 little heaps or elevations of ftonc, which the Moor- 
 iln pilots laid were graves. And from this point of 
 the Calmes, about two leagues, the coaft runs 
 north north-weft, and thence as far as the (hualj where 
 they anchored, l' is the moft noted point through all 
 this coaft, becaufeall that fail from Mafl'ua, Swatcen, 
 and other places, to Joddah, al CofTir, and 'lor, 
 muft of ncceflity make it. The fea, (or thefe feven- 
 teen leagues, is fo full of rocks and (hoab, that it 
 feemcd fitter far wading through, than palling even in 
 boats J infomuch, that no directions can be given for 
 failing hereabouts ; but all muft be left intirely to 
 the care of a (kilful pilot. 
 
 Between Salaca and R.is .al Dw.Ter, there are three 
 illands, forming a triangle ; nearer the latter place of 
 the two. The biggeft of them, named Magary.awn, 
 is alxjut two leagues in length : it is very high landj 
 and without water, lying three leagues to the fouth 
 of Ras al Dw.ier. The fecond iHand, called Al- 
 mante, which lies much out at fea, is likewife high, 
 and without water i but the third is very low, and all 
 of fand, four lea<;ues from Salaca. On the 2d of 
 April, an hour before day, they loofed from the (hoal<, 
 and having rowed along the coaft four leagues, came 
 to Karate, a very large and fine river. On each fide 
 of the channel, which runs from weft to eaft, in 21 ' • 
 deg. 40 min. north lat. is a low point of limd, dilVant 
 from each other a calivcr (hot j and from each point 
 runs a (hoal, and between the two is thecntrancc if>to 
 the river. The water there has thirty fathoms depth, 
 and thence dimini(hes ro eighteen. The land on each 
 fide is very low, and without lither bulh.or tree to be 
 feen. Sailing a league farther, they came to Kilfit. — khih 
 Kilfit is a (uie harbour, fccure from all winds, with Ihiui. 
 12 fathoms water. Everywhere there are at the en- 
 try two very low points, bearing north-weft by north, 
 and is ah ut diftant near a mile. The circumferemc 
 of the whole port may be three leagues. Along the 
 (hore the coaft is rocky. Between this port and the 
 river Karate, there crofTes a range of mountains one- 
 higher than the reft. 
 
 Thct!iird of April they departed one hour before 
 day, rowing along the coaft; and, having adv.uiced 
 nine leagues an hour before fun-fet,came to anchor in 
 Port Ras al Jidid, that is in Arabic, the New Head. 
 In the w.".y they fnw fome (lioals to the right, but not l^'"' 
 fo many as they ufcd to do. 
 
 Two Icaj^ues fro.n Hilfit there is r. very good har- 
 bour, called Moamaa. And prcfently from this 
 j)oiiit of the ft'.rubs, to another very long point of 
 land, about two leagues before (or on this (idc ot) the 
 port of Ras al Jidid, the coaft lies nort' bv weft, and 
 fouth by eaft j the diftance is abou* iu.j digues and 
 a half. — Ras al Jidid is a fmall, butv^iy pleafant har- 
 bour, about two miles in compafs, fifty-feven leagues 
 beyond Swaken. It is (hnped like a g-eat cauldron, 
 a.d round as the arch of a circle. The entry is 
 formed by two points, which lies north and fouth of 
 each other, and has 18 fathoms water; wirhin there 
 are thirteen. The ground is very clean, and the port 
 fubjefl to be ruflled by no wind but the eaft. Half a 
 league within land there is a well of very brackilh wa- 
 ter. 
 
 On the 4th, from fun-rifing till eleven o'clock, they 
 had a ftorm at north-weft, and then it bcuan to thun- 
 der very hard-, and hailed with the biggeft dreps 
 7 the 
 
 Vjiiji 
 
 Colli to C 
 mul. 
 
 Comol 
 
 l>or 
 
 Utr-> 
 
 Ji.:ii. 
 
 Shaah al Va 
 dayan. 
 
 R»s«lNaflic 
 
 Z,' i,oi\-te 
 ilU.iil. 
 
to THE EAST INDIES. 
 
 f'^i 
 
 CoifltoCo- 
 mul. 
 
 iHiur. 
 
 Ratal JUj}< 
 
 Vai'uilon. the author ever faw : during tliffc ihunders, the wimi 
 ran through all tlic points oT tht; comi>afs, and at l.ilJ 
 lettled north, 'litis day Uoii Juan touiid the varia- 
 tion one degree and aqii.irter to the north-ealt, and the 
 port 22 drg. of norih lat. hymany ohi'crvatious. But 
 he takes notice, that iiotwithllandiiig thel'c opera- 
 tions were pel tormni on (hore, and Co };rtat care was 
 taken to fix the inltninuMr, that it wa^ never (lirrcd 
 after it was once placcil, till ilic whole wa") over; yet 
 that they n\ii(t needs have erred (imiew hat, bec.iule the 
 intcnlc heat of the fun had cracked the ivory plate in 
 the middle, and made a (lit wide enough to thriiH in a 
 piece of Portiiguefe i;old. Thj 6th, an hour before 
 day, they left the port of Jidid j and proceeded all 
 thi>i day but about three U.v^ues and a half. The 7th, 
 in the morning, havin;; a brill; win I, at north-well, 
 lliey rowed alon;; the (hote about tliiee leagues, and at 
 tight o'clock fal(\ned thcinfelvts toa rocky ihoal, that 
 lies before a long point of land : about noon they 
 fet fail, but in great apprchenlion, by realon of 
 the furprifing number of flioals that appeared on both 
 ftdcsof the (horc, fo that they were forced to take in 
 their fails, and make ufe of the oars again. Atfun- 
 fet they came to an anclinr in a good haven, called 
 Comol, II leagues from Kas al Jidid. 
 
 Two leagues beyond Ras al Jidid is a point of land, 
 from which, to the long flat point abnvenientioned, 
 arc about four leagues north-welt. Between th»fe 
 two points, there is a great and famous hay, in which, 
 towards the north-well point, is a very deep and 
 clofe harbour, fecure againlt all wind-:. This point is 
 an ifland i and from hence, to another great point, 
 at Comol is about five leagues, noith well by will, 
 making another great bay hetAcen them : at this 
 point, which is low and flat, the great mountains 
 running along this coall end. 
 
 Comol [lort. Comol is 68 leagues beyond Swaken, in jg dcg. 
 30 min. north lat. This port Hands in the end of 
 this fecond bay, very near the face of the north-well 
 point J though final!, it is very fccurc, for the entrance 
 is guarded with a dry (hoal before ir, that kivps out the 
 fea, Theland furroundingit is flat and pleafant, in- 
 habited by Badwins, or Br.donins, like (wild Arabs.) 
 About three hours after midnight, leaving the 
 port of Comol, they rowed along the coaft a little 
 while, and then hoilleil fail, hut an hour before 
 day-light fome foills llri!:ing upon rocks and flioals, 
 they lowered their iHils, and fell to their oars again 
 till morning. The Kth, at day-break, they came into 
 a great and fine bay, to which, towards the north and 
 north-well fide, they faw no end, or any point to 
 bound it. And although they failed in open lea, the 
 fhoals on every fide were fo numerous, that with taek- 
 iiig and wandering to find the wae, they could make 
 but little advantage of a brillv gales. About fiin-lt-t 
 they fallcned themfelves to the rocks of a great llicif, 
 antl there harboured. The 9th, being clear, tliev fet 
 fail, and took harbour witliin another gie.it dry Ihelf, 
 extending north call by eall, called in Arabic, Shaab 
 
 8ha.1l) j1 Yi- al Yadayn, which lignifii«. The fhelf of the Hands, 
 
 dayaii. bccaufe it is fliaped like two arms, wide open with 
 
 their hanils. It lie.-, at the end of a great bay, lar out 
 to fea. The port is on the fide towards land, four 
 
 RasalNalhcf. leagues dillant from Ras al Kaflicf, eaft fouth-eatt ; 
 ana by the niiieh winding of the Ihclf is (hut up, ami 
 fccured againft all winds. From the point of the 
 cape of the mount, to another point beyond it, where 
 there are great furze bufhes, the coaft runs north- 
 weft by north, the dillanec about three and a half, 
 or four leagues, from this lail point. The coafts of 
 the great bay wind and turn vciv much : and taking a 
 large fwccp from another uuat cipe, called Ras al 
 
 Z.M.or\-ic Naflicf, or the Dry Capo. I'he Ifland of Zcmorjcte, 
 
 idaml. (which ih. v law fiom the flioal ott' to fea) is diftant 
 
 liom this point about eight leagues, towards the c.ift, 
 and .ircording to the Moorilh pilots, is the firft place 
 fioni whence both coafts may be I'een, but that of 
 Arabia is much the farther off. This ifland it very 
 high and b.iiien, with another very final I one dole 
 tc it. 
 Vol, I. K- .'-. 
 
 i!v. 
 
 ip, ihrv ft fill, north 15 ji 
 
 /!\i 
 
 '.:.f. 
 
 ,,I :-,.«, 
 
 (">n the lotli, the fim -.1. -..s ujj 
 iiorih eall, the wind bh-\/ f.i Ih, and ihr (Va ap(x.U' d 
 1 pell and navigable, about h;df a league Inini ;li- 
 point, they thou;;ht lliiv f.iw a ll.ip under I.hI, i ;it 
 111 .1 king tow aiil> it, foiiiul it «a^ a while ro. k, by > h-i h 
 they were intornicd all lIl:lrincr^ areikeeived. 11- iiee 
 filling ninth by c.ilt, al ni:ie oMork, thev cpiiit up 
 wiihan ifland called Cuiii.iea, and palli-d betwiin ir 
 and the land, w liieh i .ibout a U umic and a h.'if dif- 
 tant. This ifland is linall and b.irn n ; it !■■ ihuiit 
 halt a le.igue ill ooinpaf-, and in lh;ipe rifiiiiid's a 
 great li-/.ard, u ith its h-i's l|ir:iwl.ii|;oiit, u lu'iue it is 
 noted by na\ ig.ifirs : it is dill.iM fio:r. / miori fr, 
 ab.-ut fix leagues noitli-will by will, ll.ilf p If tin 
 o'clock they wire up wi'ha wiy lonr, point ot lam!, 
 called Ras ill Anf, that i>> ili Cape ol the Noli-, h r. 
 hath no high land about it, but a vail plain, wiiliont 
 tree or herb. In the viry front of the point Hood a 
 great temple, without any other builjing near it. On 
 every fide of it is a very ele.'.r fandv c.-all, in manner 
 of a bay. Ras al Ant, is very f.imous aniona. luivi- 
 gators, for being once pall it, thiy nekon all lluir 
 trouble and danger over. 
 
 I'roceeding along the coaft, with a fnutli-caft wlin', 
 at noon, being about thrre liagiKs bevond tin' cap,, 
 Don Ju.in's pilot found the lat. 7, . deg. 10 niiii. 
 whence Ras al Anf, mull lie in 24 mij;. 11. ut iiii 
 hour before liin-lit, lliev p.ilR-il by Shevar.t, an iil..iid sluatii Sni 
 two miles from (lioii.-. It is acalivLi lliot in lengtli, 
 and in the middle iippfartil a lari^e j;reeii bidh ; on tiie 
 eall fide there is a Ljreat rock, like a little ifland, and 
 about a mile tarlher, thev came to an ;!iiclior among 
 certain flielves, fome of land, others rockf, in an har- 
 bour called in Arabic, .Si.d, one hundred and three c,; 
 leagues beyond Swaken. On tlule' thelves, tlii-y 
 law a greater number of fowls than thev h.id 
 met with any where before in this fea. From lial'.il 
 Nafpaf, till fo far as the ifland Shcvaiit, is :ilout 
 lO or 17 leagues. The coall at firit winds viiy 
 much iir.vards, and there ihriills o-.itllie very long 
 point of land, called Ras al ;\nf, which pmnt bears 
 
 north call and by north of the othir. About fix 
 
 leagues diftant from Ras al Anf, the coaft 1 uns din-dtly 
 
 north-weft, as far as Shevarit, the dillance ten or 
 
 It leagues. I'he country from Swaken to Ras al 
 
 Anf, is inhabited by the B.idwins b.forementioned ; fo P.^pk ui the 
 
 is the country from thi nee to Sue/, (whieh bilongs '"•"'• 
 
 toKgypt.) Between the coaft and Nile, Don Juan 
 
 oblirves, that I'omponius Mala, and tie red ol the 
 
 ancient geographers, call the former Ethiopians, and 
 
 the latter, .'\rabs -, except I'tolomy, who gives ihini 
 
 the nanieof Kgvptian Arabs. 
 
 On the nth, leaving Sial, they rowid about four 
 leagues north-well by north, and at nine o'elv-ek en- 
 teral a great bav, which is called CSadenauhi : the ''■"'"■"''■'"' 
 land over tiie li-a leaving the fhape it had, of a will or P "' 
 trench, becomes very mount.iinous, Ibniiinga double 
 ridge of hills, furprifingly clofe. 'I'he piMt ol G.i- 
 denauhi, is bevoi.d Swal;i.n, 170 leiigue.', and iii 
 lat. 24 deg. 4-3 min. Hire, at om- o'clock in the .if- 
 teriioon, it was lowwali-r; and full ita an hiurr.fltr 
 the n,i-o;i appeared alune the hori/.on ; thence it 
 ebbed till an hour after Ihe had pall'.d the niisridian, 
 and then began to flow again, till an hour .Titer the 
 planet was let, which made full fea. The wind 
 blowing from north-weft, two or three hours after. 
 midnight, they departed ; and in pafling between the 
 flioal, at the north-weft point of the bay, and the 
 ifland of Bahuto, they ftruck upon the ihoal, but "^ '''"'" '"""'• 
 got clear without damage, and hit upon the channel j 
 rowing along the fltore, againll the wind, till day ; 
 and on the 12th, an hour after fun- rife, anchored in 
 afmall but very fafe port, called in .\rabic, Sharm al simnn al Chi- 
 Chiman, that is a Clift", or Opining of the Moun- m,in 
 tain J it is a league and a half beyond GadenautI, and 
 180 from Swaken, much like the haibour of Ras 
 al Jidid. ^ 
 
 From Gadenauti, to .i port that is called Shac.ira, 
 (incompall'ed with a very red hill) the toatl runs 
 north-weft by nwih, about 10 league -j and from this 
 4 K 
 
 !ii 
 
 red 
 
3o6 
 
 PORIUGUESE VOYAGES 
 
 1541. 
 
 red hill, to a paint almoft a league KyoiiJ (}iinlibo, 
 ^ ■ » '> there arc about llx leagues, north north-welt. In 
 iheldlxteen leagues thecoalt is very free iVom Ihoals, 
 (exeepting one, a league beyond the red hill, and hall 
 a league Ironi Ihorc) and is full of many good 
 poits; among them is Shawna, abuvcmentioiieil, 
 a \ery cap.icious and noted harbour, where, accord- 
 injr to liic report of the Muora and inhabitants, 
 there flood formerly a famous city of the Uentilcs. 
 Along the conlf run an infinite number of huge 
 ni(niiitain$, tlofe together, and double like the 
 foiiner : .inJ beyond them, far within land, other 
 lolty hills rear their heads. Among ihefe which 
 ran^e the coall, are two more remarkable than 
 any to be met with, here or clfewhere. One of 
 tliem is very black, and looks as if it was finged ; 
 the other yellow i and between them arc certain 
 heaps of find. Ueyond the black mountain, in 
 a large plain, there ate many very great and liigh 
 trees, with fprcading tops. 'Ihey were the firit 
 wliich feemed the native ones and proper to the 
 land : for thole before mentioned, a little beyond 
 Mall'ua, arc the kind that grow in inarlhes, and 
 by the fea and rivers. In like manner, the trees 
 at ports Sharm al Cihiman, and Al Jidid, are 
 wild, without either boughs or fruit ; and the leaves 
 fcLined naked and dry. Thefe two mountains 
 iKind about two leagues b-ifore the port of Sharm 
 al Cihiman. 
 Gu«libo ru't. The port of Gtialibo, which is 122 leagues beyond 
 Swakcn, rcfembles mncli, both as to (hape and en- 
 tmnce that of Sharm al Ciman ; only, whereas the 
 l.itid about this latter, is mountainous, ilie country 
 
 round Gualibo, is a vaft plain. Tho entry ol this 
 
 port is between certain rocks or fhoal<, whereon the 
 fea breakcih exceedingly, but the channel is deep and 
 large. 'J"hc 13th of April, after fun-rife, they rowed 
 out of the port of Gualibo. The wind blew very 
 (Irong at i-.orth-wctt, and made the lea fwell much. 
 At tei 111 the morning, they entered a port called 
 Tunna, a Icag nd a half beyond the other. 
 
 'I'unna is a ii II and foul harbour, in 25 degrees 
 •50 minutes latitude, one hundred and thirty-two and 
 ;. half I'.auues bcjond Swakcn, the entrance is between 
 certain rocks, and within, the grcateft p;irt of it is 
 occupied with a flioal, and rocks, to which is owing 
 the I'm^illnefs of the port. On the north fide, there is 
 a point of land, which by its turning, makes a good 
 harbour and road, againft the north-well wind. 
 The country about it is a very barren fand. On the 
 north-well iide, towards the land, there are three 
 pi-akeil inmints of flone, made in Don Juan's opinion, 
 
 to Ihew that there is an haven here. An hour 
 
 before I'un-fet, they failcncd thcmfelvcs to a fhoal a 
 l!.i"Ut beyond 'I'unna, from a point almoft one 
 league beyond Ciualibo, a league and a half 
 beyond this fhoal, the coaft bears iiorth-north-weft, 
 
 lludillance four leagues. On the 14th, after they 
 
 hul rowed .ibout five leagues beyond the fhore, againft 
 bath wind and fea, which fwclled much ; at noon 
 thev entered a very good bay, and caft anchor at the 
 f.irther end, where it makes a good port, about 
 120 leagues beyond Swakcn. 1 .ic coall in thefe 
 11 \ leagues, bears north- weft, and the land over it, 
 
 is partly plain, and partly mountainous. The 
 
 1 5th, having proceeded about feven leagues north 
 north-weft, an ht'iir and a half after fun-rife, they 
 came to anchor in the port of Al Coflir. 
 
 Al Coflir from S waken 136 leagues, and in the 
 laiituJe of twenty-fix degrees, fifteen minutes, as 
 Don Juan found by ohfervation. It was ftalcd for- 
 merly two leagues higher on the coaft : but for want 
 of a port capable of the great refort of fliipping, 
 it WIS removed higher. There are ftill fomc remains 
 tif the anticnt town, which is called Old Al Coffir. 
 The now town is very fmall. The houfes look like 
 the varth cattle are kept in, although there is no 
 kind'of cattle in the plice. They are built of ftone 
 and clav, or fometimes only fods, covered at the top 
 with mats, or the like; more, as thev laid, to keep 
 6 
 
 Ton 
 
 To«« fi .\ 
 Coliir. 
 
 M.;-.; 
 
 oft° the fun than the rain, which llluoin falls. The 
 port is the wuill on all the coall, and the only phuo 
 that wanted lilh, which every where <ll'c abounds. 
 It is very large, and exciediiig lubjecl to ealterly 
 winds. I'hc lliips anchor between the land and 
 fonie fmall ftioiils, whereon the feabre.iks. Near ilia 
 town aie three wells of water, of which the people 
 drink, thou^;h Iciicely to be dillinguKhid iV'iin lea- 
 watei. 'Ihe pljce is quite enconipallLd with barren 
 peaked mountains, fcorched quite black with the 
 fun J which, toi;filn r with the barrcnntls of the foil, 
 makes a moll uiKomlortable profpeit ; fur there grows 
 no manner ot herb, grafs, bulh, or tree, in cither 
 the coall, the plains, or mountains j and whatever 
 ground may lie between the hills and the town, is x 
 barren land, intermixed with gravel. — The extra- 
 ordinary barreniiefs of the place, made Don Juan 
 curious to emiuirc of th.- nioie underit.iniing Mi or<, 
 how they came to pitch on fuch a niil'eiable lituut;on 
 to inhabit. The lealon, they l.iid, was bicaufc it 
 happened to be the nearell port to tli>.- rivtr Nilt, 
 fifteen or fixteen days journey diltanr, and thiTcioienn !t 
 convenient for lodging the previlions with which .ill 
 the towns are furnillud bv their rtfn.iitive (hip;. 
 I\c;ypt they dcfcribid asa;il:i;ii, the moll fniitfuiin 
 the world, in cattle and all prcr. ilions ; md olilervi.l 
 that thefe lalt weic convened up the Nil- to a p!.ici; 
 neaiell Al Coflir, and liom thence c.iriied by lar.J 
 to this port ; but they cblirved Ih it tlic caravam 
 were often att.ick;d bv the liL-douins, who fometimes 
 .ifl'.uilted Al Colfir iil.-ir, which circumllanec occj- 
 fioncd the inhabitants, for their fecurity, to csn- 
 flruct their houfes of ilone and earth. It feeimd lu.t 
 the name of Kgypt was unknown to them ; but iW 
 the country from Al Coliir to Alexandii.i, was termed 
 Al Rif, or Rifa. 
 
 Having 111 uck on a (hoal on tha iSth, getting clear ^ 
 of it on the igth, they put into an illand called bafanj- { 
 " Ualiar, ^ which Itands thirteen leagues beyond Al 
 Coflir in latitude twenty feven drgiecf. It is 
 about two leagues in length, and in breadth not x 
 quarter of a le.igue. The foil which is fandy, pro- 
 duces neither trees nor water. On the north Iide ot 
 the illand is one harbeur, and another on the fuuth 
 fide; the former of which is teckoned fecure agaliill 
 all weathers.. The deepell part of the channel is 
 towards land. There arc Ionic ftioals above waf.r 
 ill the mouth of the great port, which are not d:iii- 
 geroiis in the day time, and there is a rock in the 
 opening of the fmaller. Thereareanumber of creeks, 
 port«, and harbours along the coaft. 
 
 On the 21ft of this month, they came up with^jjj^,^j,jj_ 
 an ilie called Shcduam. This illand is high and 
 craggy, confiftiiig of a hard rock. Its length is thicu 
 leagues, and its breadth is about two ; and is eipially 
 diftant from the coafts of Arabia and hgypt. 1 here 
 is no water, nor are there any trees to be found in 
 this. Three fmaller low illands, with ftioals between 
 them, were difcovcred to the ne'ith-well. 
 
 From hence the fleet failed along the land of Arabia 
 Petrica, and came to Tor, at the dillance of twelve 
 leagues, wliich lies in latituele 2S djgree?, 10 iiiinut ■^, 
 on a plain long ftrand. At the dift.incc oi a ciniion- 
 fhot from hence, they faw twi he palin-tnts dole bv 
 the fliore, and from thence difcovereel a plai.i e.vtrnd- 
 ing to the foot of fome mountains, which beginning 
 at the gulph of Ormuz, ran along the coaft Ikirtiiig 
 the fea to this place, and then turned oli' to the north- 
 eaft, dividing Arabia Pctra^a, from Arabia Fc'ix. 
 Several Chrillians led a devout life on the tops of 
 thefe hill?. A mountain appe.ircd gr.idually rifing 
 a little beyond the town, pniciling a point into the 
 fea, and appearing at firft fight like three f. parare 
 mountains. 
 
 As to the town, it was fmall but pleaf.int, and 
 inhabited hv Chrilliaiis, who fpoke the Arabic 
 language, having a monaftcry of Greek I'riars, 
 where there was kept an image of St. Cath.iriiie of 
 
 I'fia. 
 
 S.gi.ifying a fcafpungc. 
 
 Mount 
 
 > 
 
TO T II r: EAST INDIE S. 
 
 3^7 
 
 inj-tl 
 
 IS.. 
 
 ^Iollnt Sliial. A l(»n; rocky point ran paullt-l to tin; 
 (Iiorc of the town, lurmiii^ a l.it'c li.irbuiir bctwicii u 
 anJ the land. TIk- liriaillli ot' i>e lea at Tor, IJ'^ii 
 Juan ciiiii|)uteil li lit alimit I'lrce lc;ai;ucs. It i^ 
 worth oblcrvinp, that tlimi-li i' n Juan ficms to 
 havc'btrii very Ituilious Incxaniliiiiui, fituatluiis. In- ap- 
 pears tu liavc m.nkaii en r in iifruiiiinu htii', that tln> 
 place mulf be tlic.iritiuu t-laiiatit-, aiul mliliiig, thai 
 theie i. no luili g"l|'li on tiic toait ot Arabia ; not- 
 withll.indiiig much plinfiblc rcafonint; on the matter, 
 noti'rily the A^ab^, but the more modern voy.i|i,cr'> 
 have eorihrnicd wliat he calls a millakc. His wrinv; 
 k!ea oi this iireuiullancc probably arole Croni liis 
 rot having lufHcaiitly examined the coaft on the fide 
 cf Arabia"— AcLouiuig lo the account of the hiars 
 abovc-nientionid, Mou;;t Sinai was but thirteen hnall 
 «l;iys journevi dillaiu, inaking cightisn leagues within 
 land. Tlu'y wir.- tiie jki foils who inloiined liinj that 
 many hemiils mliabiud the boundary nuniiuains, 
 ami alio tii.it tin re weie (rveral Chriftian ti'A^is mi 
 the plains. It Iilch. thele good fathers bein;; Karlul 
 oi loliii., the body of Sit. Catharine, fei;',ned a Uoiy 
 that It was removed from them, kll ihr Portuguele 
 fliould take it away by force. At lliis plate they 
 were alfo acquainted that none wcic fuileted to enter 
 Suez, cxcipc tiiole appointed by the governor of 
 Cairo. — — . 
 
 'I'hc fl' el d',p:irtLcl iVom Tor on the morning of the 
 2zd of .\;)'.l, and on the 24th, were in the latitaJe 
 of twciuy-iuii'- dcgncs and leventcen minutes. On 
 the zOthi'at elucn o'clock, they were clofe in with 
 thcland. Then rowing a little along the fliore, they 
 caft anchor! but two hours before fun-fet, they 
 weighed again, and Hill rowed along the coall. 
 Having proceeded little more than four miles bclor ■ 
 the fun had ftt, they put in behind a point of Arabia, 
 ( A here there was gocj ihelter) Ihort of Suez about 
 three leaguts, and about half a Itaguc within land, 
 found what Mas called the Fouiuain of Mofes, the 
 water of which, wasver. agreeable. When they had 
 cM anchor, they w lit on ihore, and faw the end ol 
 the Red-lea, and the iiialls of th- Turkilh Ihips ; and 
 the wind blowing hard at north, they lay at anchor 
 till it was d.iy. 
 
 'I"he wind blowing hard at north-weft, on the 27th, 
 they departed at ten o'clock lioin the point, rowing 
 iilong the coaft at the diitance of about a league from 
 buc/,. Don Juan went before to view the fituation 
 of the town, and the intended place of landing. 
 'J'hey arrived at three in the afternoon, and faw many 
 troops of horfe in the field, and two large bodies of 
 fuldiers in the town, who {hot at them levcral times 
 from a block-liouli;. After this they palW on to the 
 bay on the weft fide of the town, and came to an 
 anchor near the Ihore, in five fathoms water, v.'here 
 there was a very good harbour. Bcfidcs the little 
 caftic, there were two high and antient towers, fup- 
 pofed to be the relii|ucs of the City of Heroes, which 
 formerly Hood here, and which Strabo fays, was by 
 fomc called Aifinoe. But on the point of land where 
 iij creek Hood, thoy faw a great tortification of more 
 inoderii date, whicli def'iided the mouth of the river, 
 mid commanded the coaft by the ftcrn of the galleys. 
 To prevent any attempt to land in that place, there 
 was likewilc a tivnch, with a ditch between the gal- 
 leys and the ftraiid, fo that the place fecmed to be 
 cquallv ftiongby nature and by art, and Don Juan 
 could obferv-.- no place which was not fufficiently fe- 
 cured by t!.e enemy, except behind a hill on the vvclt 
 fide, wiiere there might be a chance of gaining the 
 town, by means of the eminence, without being ex- 
 poltd to the fire of their.artillery i but the coaft alone 
 was there fo full of flioaU-, and the bottom in general 
 
 *' Ft appears liowcvcr, tti.it they made an attempt, but the 
 iMcmics (hot jMuircil thick friim the town, Booo Tiiikifli horl'c 
 liroke out from an aiiihufli, and thnii^U the Clinllianv killed 
 many with tiieir cannon, the enrerprife was (kkaied. 
 
 i- This i:. laid take tlie place whillier Clcupaira caiifvd lliips 
 
 coiilifted of a li'tt cl ly and Hi, ky fin>', cirriimrtanccs 1541 
 very iinlavoui.'ldc to the h.r.d.n.! ol the tioop\. • ■■ ' »— ^ 
 
 All thefc things bein.; coiihdired, nothing v\an 
 
 lie to anfwer the purpoi.. nf the voy.igc, and the 
 I'unuvjucfc returned tlil.ippoiiited. * 
 
 Sir.-/,, tthiihas we havj jull obfervrd, is fiippofcdsujjdjf^,;!,,,! 
 lo ociupy the fame fpot, oiiee famous for the City of 
 H:ro.v, lies ill hitiiude 2gdei;rees 45 minutes north, 
 being the ncarcft port to Cairo in this lea. | 
 
 Srfollris kir.g of l^cypt, and Darius king of Perfil, 
 undertook to open a tnnidi or i.inal Ironi heiire to tho 
 Nile, for the purpole of joinini; the Ai: bic liiilph to 
 the Meditcrr.iiican fe.i; but buili left the woik unti- 
 nilhcd, as fume rcpiitt, bceaule ihcy looked upon this 
 latlir to be liii;iii.r, in which cale, it was I'loiight 
 inundations would enfue. I'tolcmy took up the id a, 
 and abfolutily cut a lluice of an hundred leet in 
 biiadth, and thirty in depth ; but defifted for a limilar 
 tealon. 
 
 When the flret appeared before Suez, they found 
 tiic place hue fmall, and they obfervtd thaiitviwed 
 its chief conli<iuence to the Turkilh army's lying 
 there. The city ftands on a long and narrow point 
 of land, the lea tcrmin.tting in two b.iys divided 
 by it. 
 
 The expedition having come to nothinr. the For- r.itM:>uefe 
 tuguefe Heel, lefi Sue/, on the mornini; of the ?8th of dtctc^epitn. 
 April, 111 order to return towards .VlalTua, anil, having 
 run .ibout twenty leagues, v.iie abi ut a leaj^iie fhorc 
 ( f a ftiarp and red peak, which runs over tlic Ua, 
 i^t lun-lct. They coafted along Arabia at night, 
 under their foiefail.-, the wind blmviiu!; hard at north- 
 wlII, and at length came to an anchor near the 
 fhore in hvc fathoms wi.ter. They let fail the next 
 dav, and came to an anchor at Tor, at nine o'clock ; 
 hut loon alter weiL;hed again, and proceeded to a place 
 called the Watering Place of Solyman, wluretliey 
 took in water, ( which however proved brarkifli ) 
 diyging it out of pits in the land, about a lione's 
 throw from the fea. — On tho ^otli, the y depart.d, 
 and came to the firft of three illands lying to the north- 
 well of Sheduzm. 
 
 Thus proceeding, on the 4tli of May, ihey came 
 to anchor in a port two leagues to the fouth-eall of 
 Shakara, where they lay all night, the wind being at 
 north-weft. 
 
 The port oi Uahiilil Shame, X furniflies a fafe bar- g^j^yj^igi^ji^j 
 hour in deep water. It is laid to take its name from 
 Bahulcl, an eminent Bedouin, who ufcd to fell cattle 
 here to voyagers, on which account it was called 
 Uahulel's Land. They found a handfomc tomb 
 here, with a fort of chapel built over it, where hung 
 a Aiken enfign, and many arrows and trophies. 
 There were alfo fwcet waters and perfumes in the 
 chapels, and they were informed, that Mahometan 
 pairlons were difpenfed to fuch good Muflulmcn as 
 viflted this houfc. However the Portugucfc reve- 
 renced it fo little, that they burned it to the ground. — 
 
 The Beilouins ( or Badwis ) arc wild men among Bcilou.n'i or 
 whom law and order are unknown. Cert.iin tribes of rovmi; .•\ralji. 
 them occupy the mountains and fea coafls from Me- 
 linda and Magadoxa in Africa, round by Cape Gar- 
 dafii and the Abyflinian coafl to Suez, and indeed 
 along the whole coaft of Arabia, as far as Orniuz. 
 They are above all others given to ftealth ami rapine, 
 and make depredations upon all tliey meet with indif- 
 crimatcly, not fparing their own countrymen who 
 live in cities. Their food is fimplc, their habit mean; 
 but they are extremely agile, and light well both on 
 foot and on horfeback with their darts. They have 
 no king to rule the whole coinmunity, but each tribe 
 has its chief, who leads them to war, and determines 
 their differences. The greater part of them, like the 
 
 original 
 
 to be caiticd l>v laml frimi ilic Nile, (af;tr the total defeat of 
 Anthony by OOi^avius Ca;l'.ir) in order to riy to India. 
 
 X Shainu fignifics land in tlic .'\ia!>ic lani>ua^c. 
 
 II Thcfe people arcc'iiictuded tu be the 'I'rugloditcs mentioned 
 by FtoUmy and oilier auihers. 
 
 i 
 

 3n» 
 
 PORTUGUKSh VOYAGES 
 
 1541 ofipliiul r^irr nf lflini.''el, § ilwcll in tcriM, but fomc 
 Si^V^^ chilli- riui's lor then h.ibltuliun. Ihcir cumplcxion 
 is black, anil they <jhmIc tlic Aiablc laiij^u.iijc. 
 
 Hroccidinp 011 their wiiy tuwanls iVla(lii.i, ibcv 
 ftriick on .1 iho.il .it about tour leagues Uillaiicu from 
 that ilbiul, but having i(tapti> that ihiiiger, thev ,i;<>t 
 f.ilV into flic port, about nine o'cloik, white they 
 made a prcat n -orcing through the whole fleet. From 
 this time to th^- 25th of June, the wind» rontinually 
 blew at north-north-ialt, and nurtli-north-wcft, 
 but I'rum that time to the 7th of July, they came 
 from the caft, calt-fuuih-ealt and luuth-cait, often 
 with prent violence. Unihelart day of June, there 
 VMS a (tonn fo violent that the galleys drove, and 
 were in dmpcr of running a-groiiiid. Rain and 
 ihiinder acconijianicd this llorm, and the mal( of otic 
 of tife vellels attradtinu' the lightning, was fplit by 
 it, in the mJdif of the horrors of the tempelt. 
 
 After having expjiienced more llormy weather, 
 they departed from M.ili'ua on the ijth ot July, and 
 by diy-brcak on the iilh, they were within three 
 leagues of ''C port of Dallakha. Thus they belJ on 
 tiSeir eourfc, anil came lo .Xiuhedivia on the gth of 
 Augnlf, front whence they enibaiktd on the2il>, and 
 proceeded directly to (ioa, where they arrived in 
 Iscd S«a. faftty, after having conipkled a voyage, in the coiirfc 
 
 of whitli thev h;id made nianv curious remarks, 
 but performeJ no military exploits worthy of no- 
 tice. — 
 
 'I'he Red Sea, is called al Colzum, and the coaftsof 
 it are a curately defcribcd by Aboulfaid Iflimael, 
 flic celebrated prince of llama, who died in the year 
 1332. He begins his ilefcriptions at al Col/.uni, a 
 linall city at the north end of this fea, which from 
 thence runs fouthwaril, inclining a little to the 
 ealt, as far as al Cafir, (or al CoflVr.)—— Hence 
 it continues its cnurfc foutli, bending^ Ibmewhat 
 Weftward. And from hence afterwards it pades di- 
 rcilly fouth to Suakcn, a fmall city of al Sudan, or 
 the Land of t'lc Blacks ; thence proceeding fouth, it 
 incompatlcth the ifland Dallakha, not far from the 
 weflern fliore ; after w hich, advancing on the fame di- 
 reiSlion, it waOies the fliore of Kthiopa, as far as the 
 Cape (mountain) al Mundab, at the mouth of the 
 Keil Sea, which here terminates, the Indian fea flow- 
 in;; into it. The mountain al Mandab, and de- 
 ferts of Aden, approach very near, being feparated 
 only by fo narrow a ilreight that two (Kopie may 
 Rtrtii/litsof ^^ '^^'■'^ f^*^" acrofs it. The {freights generally 
 Bitx,! -Mamie), called Babel Mandel lies on this fide of Aden, a 
 ilay and night's fail towards-the north weft, 'i'hc 
 mountains of al Mandab, are in the country of the 
 Blacks, and may be fecn from the mountains of Aden, 
 at a great diftaiicc. 
 
 The coaft of the Red Sea, runs northward from 
 t.,atin cojil. y^j^.n . juj thence it proceeds round the coaft of 
 Gencrcn, till it comes to the borders, from thence 
 it runs north to Joddah, and declines a little to the 
 wed, 4s tar a-^ al "jahalih, a nation of the people of 
 Egypt. Thence lulvanciiig north, and bending a 
 fmall matter to the well, it waihes the coaft of Yam 
 baah.— — Here it tuins off northward; and hav- 
 ing pali'eil Madvaii, romcs to Aylah, then defccnds 
 foiitlnvard to Mount Tor, which thrufting forwards, 
 iLparali.-, two arms of the fea. AVhcncc returning to 
 ilicnorth, it palles on to al Colzum, (where the dc- 
 Iciiption began) which is lltuated to the weft of Aylah, 
 and 111 almoll the fame hititude. At Colzum, and 
 Aylah, are fealcd on two arms or tongues of the fea, 
 between whitli the land interpofcs, running to the 
 iouih, which land is Mount Tor, almoft in tlie fame 
 latitude with Avlah. This luiter ibnds at the end of 
 the c.'illern tongue, and Al Colzum at the end of the 
 svtllcni j l"oth.U .Aylah lies mure to tile call, and 'I'or 
 
 lllrii:itl i'. acl.nowlc.lijcil to i.c ti.e irn nt fnil.ir c f tUc Ara- 
 IjMs", uu.l il.t Ti'.iks arc dill «i!lini; to cuin Imih. — Ikiicc the 
 Hjni- 111. in, l)v a |.r«h\, Miflini, currup'.ly Mtiindiy-ii. 
 ',.'. \ llu-ie lijie Ijc-tn i.iiuai t;.i!oiii iillii^ncd for this appcUa- 
 
 more fothefoiiih, than al Colzum. Aylah \* fitn- 
 ated oil the fartlieft part of the pionionlorv, whieh ex- 
 tends into the (ea lulwten Tor and the ro.ift of 
 Kgypt, the (ia pades n.imelv, that loniuc of the fe« * 
 
 on tlicoulcnnolt part (or Iboie) ol wliiih al Col/uiu 
 (lands hi tvvieii lor (orarioiii) and iltj.17, I Ik leu 
 riinsi thati., the loiigne <if v.alu, on whcjie iitnioft 
 part or Ihore, Aylah is (iiu.iie, from Mount I or, 
 to cither of the oppolitc coaft-, the dillancc is linall 
 by lea; hut longer alwut' the defert, licmliT 
 thole who travel Irom Tor to Kgypt, are under 
 a nectllity ol guin"; round by al (..'ol/uni, and iliole 
 who would go from iheiue In al Hija/, niiift piifs 
 without Aylah, Ti.r, on the north, jiuiis lo the con- 
 tinent ; but Its Oliver three lidis are wullKd by 
 the lea. The Sta of nl Col/uni, after paOin;; 
 a little to'^\ards the fouth-eaft, begins to widen 
 on cithcL fide, till at length it becomes 70 milct 
 broad. 
 
 Don Juande Caftrn, (whofc vn\'a!:c is grvfrV above) 
 wasprelent at the fecund ficge of D'ui, when he pcr- 
 fitrmed the part of a valiant Ibldier. 
 
 Chujah /art'ar, who was fo adive rrt the former Ziilai'r.lcceli. 
 fiege, from that time forward, kept a fair torrilpon- 
 dence with the Portugucfe : yet, underhand, perfitadiil 
 the king of L'ambaya, whole favourite he now was, 
 to endeavour to (hake oft" the yoke of the i'-irt of Diu. 
 To effedt this, he drew togcrlicr a grea' number of 
 men; but delirous rather to lucceed by {i"l:cy, than 
 torcc, he agreed with an infamous I'o. tug lefcj called 
 Iluv Krryre,- to poifon thecilhrn, fire th' magazine, 
 and, iipTjn a fign given, admit him into tlx fort. 
 The treachery however was difcovercd by an Kthio- 
 pian, a Turk, and a woman (lave. Chojah Zaftar, 
 aftoiiifhed to fee his dcfign detedtcd, began to com- 
 pliment Don Juan Mafcarenhas, commander of the 
 fort; and bccaufc they obftrudted building that wall 
 between the fort and the city, which Don Ciarcia de 
 Noronna had fu weakly allowed, and Emanuel de Sou>'ii 
 had courageoufly be^i do'vn, he afligned that as the .t .,_ 
 
 ,• .■ S , < ' t ' ° r e t'j.. rlC ai'.TCllJ CUB 
 
 rcalun (or breaking 1 e ;Ke ; making ufe of dimmu- j,(11j. 
 lation, till he had gathered a great power. Mafca- 
 renhas, perceiving the danger that threatened him, pre- 
 pared to meet it, and gave advice thereof to the go- 
 vernor Don Juan de Caftro, and neighbouring com- 
 manders. He appointed every man his poft, and 
 placed an officer with 30 men in each of the four baf- 
 tions ; his lieutenant over the gate with 20, and ano- 
 ther with a like number, in a fmall work ; lefcrving 
 50 for himfelf, to be wherever the grcateft danger 
 called. This was his whole force, and this llieir 
 dil'poAtion, when Chojah >Caft°ar came on with all his 
 power, rel<[>lving to attack the baftionofthc fea, with 
 three caftles, built upon a (hip of a prodigious big- 
 ncfs, well ftored with cannon to batter the wall. 
 Within the caftles weroe 2C0 'I'urks, (out of 500 fent 
 from Mocha by the king of Zibid) who were to dif- 
 traft the defendants, by pouring in continually all 
 forts of (ire- works. But the Pott uguefe commander, 
 having notice of this delign, fent an ofliccr tii 
 burn that (hip. He took 20 men in two vcfleN, and 
 tho' unexpeiitedly difcovcred, (for he fet out by ni^;hl) 
 vet did not dcfift, but immediately went on and lit 
 Src to it; then returning, law a great part of it fly 
 into the air, with moft of the Turks, the remainder 
 carting fuch a flame, as at a diftancc, difcovcred the 
 enemy's army running in battalions to quench it. 
 He |>ercciving them in cluftcrs, let fly his can- 
 non and killed many, having bad only fcvcn men 
 wounded in the aiSion. After this he W';nt on to the 
 mouth of the river, and took from the bcficgers fomi- 
 veftels of provifions, wilh which he returned to the 
 fort, much admired of all. Chojah Zaftar now be- 
 gan to build the wall that had been before beat down ; 
 
 and 
 
 tion i amopi; ilicfe Don Juan ilc Callrp attiibufcs Ir to tlie red- 
 i.cfs. of the (ca in certain part?, whfrc tluic wab rtii coiai ;- 'lie 
 bulioiDi aiiil a quantity of red vvccuk lluaiing on the (urfacc. 
 
 1Chi|Mo 
 
 nieil Mini 
 
 Ti friEtitc 
 Mck. 
 
 Valour 
 Women. 
 
 Ziiiar (la 
 
 A ccncra 
 
 liuTt. 
 
 *• 
 
 
ZniUr;<k«li. 
 
 Huat-ulkt clw 
 
 cilUc. 
 
 TO THE EAST IhfDtKi! 
 
 a*** 
 
 tChiiMohtm' 
 nieO cwnci. 
 
 Ti friilited 
 Uck. 
 
 Valour of the 
 woiueo. 
 
 Zifftr fljin. 
 
 A nncnl af- 
 
 tiuTc. 
 
 ■hd though the cannon from the furtrefi killed mni'y 
 of the workmen, yet it was brought to luch perfec- 
 tion, that he pUntcd thereon fixty great cannon, lie- 
 fiiiei many fmall i there wat one ol° fiich extraordi- 
 nary bignefi, that it fliook the whole iflanil, and 
 made piecei of the fort fly, being managed by an cx- 
 
 r;rt trench renei^ado. At lhi» time arrived Don 
 erdinand de Caftro, (un to the governor, with I'lic- 
 couri : Mafcarcnhai wanted fomc intelligence from 
 the cnemy'i camp, which Diego Datnaya Coutinno, 
 • gentleman of note, and a man of great Itieii^th, 
 coming to the knowledge of, at night put a lielniei on 
 his head, with a fword by his fide, and taking a fpeur 
 2n hll hand, let himfclrdown the wall, thu« lying 
 clofe at fome diftance from the fort, he difcovured two 
 Moon, who being come up to him, he killed one of 
 them with the fpear, and taking up the other in hi« 
 ■rmi, ran with him to the gate uf the furl, and c.ill- 
 ing, threw him in, to the great admiration of tliofc 
 who beheld it : he had borrowed the helmet, and pro- 
 mifed to return it, or die, In this fcuSle it fell off, 
 and he milTed it not till the owner aflced for it ; Cou- 
 tinno faid nothing, but letting hinifclf oft' the wall n 
 fecond time, went to look for the helmet, found, and 
 reftored it to the right owner. —Mafcarcnhas obferving 
 •n extraordinary motion in the enemy's army, and 
 bcins defirous to know the caufe of it ; fix Portu- 
 guefe fallied out at night, and fell among fixty Moors 
 who were all aflcep, whereof they killed fomc, but 
 the noife waking the reft, as alfo others not far oft', 
 they were forced to retire with the lofs of two. The 
 four brought a prifoner with them, who informed the 
 , commander, that the king of Cambaya was come from 
 Champanel with 10,000 horfc, to fee (as Chojah 
 Zaftarfaid) that place taken. I'his aAion lb inccnl- 
 ed them, that they renewed the fury of their batteries, 
 and did much harm. However, the rcncgadu French- 
 man was ftruck dead by a chance dart ; and the gun- 
 ner who fucccedcd him, being ignorant, did more 
 harm to his own party, than to the Portuguefe. All 
 the neighbourhood refounded with the noife of the 
 cannon, and cries of dying men, when a bullet from 
 the fort, falling in the king's tent, fprinkled him with 
 the blood of one of his favourites, who was beaten to 
 
 Iiieces, which fo terrified him, that he inftantly fled, 
 eaving the command of the horfe to Jnzar Chan, a 
 valiant Abyflinian. The fiege being vigoroufly pulh- 
 ed, there was great flaughter and deftruiition on both 
 fides ; which was the more vifible and prejudicial in 
 the fort, by reafon of its little compafs, and the fmall 
 number of men. Mafcarcnhas appeared wherever there 
 was danger, as hoping to gain no Icfs honour than 
 Antonio de Silveyra had done there a kw years before. 
 He was no lefs fortunate in courageous women, who 
 encouraged the men, aflifted and relieved them at the 
 work. One of them hearing, that the enemy were 
 eot into a houfe, ran with a I'pear, and fought till 
 Mafcarcnhas came, and put them all to the fword. — 
 Chniah Zifftr omitted nothing that could be dcvifed, 
 to fill the ditches, and lay open the fort ; while the 
 bcficged repaired the breaches. 7'he prime gentry did 
 the duties of private foldiers and mafnns : the walls 
 and baftions vrerc ruined at night, and reftored by 
 
 morning. Zaff'ar, attonifhed to fee all he de- 
 
 Aroyed fo fuddcniy made up again, coming on in a 
 rage, with afrefh fupply of men, a ball from a can- 
 non took ofl^ his head and right hand, whereon he 
 leaned it. His fon, Rumi Chan, fucccedcd him in 
 his command ; who, (while Mafcarcnhas was fending 
 frcfli advice to the governora at Goa, and the cap- 
 tains of the neighbouring places, to haften fuccours} 
 with Juzar Chan, gave a general afl'ault, attacking 
 the baftions of St. John, and St. Thomas, where 
 they met with a moft vigorous refiftanccc. and many 
 were killed : valour was forced to give way to num- 
 bers, and the enemy mounted St. I'homas s baftion : 
 but defpair adminiftercd fury, the few Portuguefe 
 ruflicd upon the multitude, »nd making a wonc^rful 
 (laughter, threw headlong from the wall, fuch as had 
 cfcaped the fword. — Rami Chan, having fpent this 
 Vol. L No. 27. 
 
 ni,i;Iit in prayers aH'l procclRon^, iu tl... ilnjj r*- . ^^ 
 
 newcd llie alluult, liiir atUT ni'UMin iwo u,il'< '♦" 
 
 lion-, win JiiiieJ to retire willi ihe In : nrar aooo 
 nun, and among tliein Jii/ir Chm, :irriil nf the « Clu 
 horli', whom an undo ol llie fame nm ' luccecdrd' . u.. 
 In this adiion (Ivcn Portu.'.iii.rc wor ''iiii; fvvcral 
 other afl'.iiilts were given wirli the lik.c (uccel* ; ill 
 one of thefe, the f:rc wm to il ilc .iiul furious, that ll- 
 veral who were cl.lJ in cotton, wliali loon look ll mie, 
 ran and dipt thcnirelvcs in tlic w.itrr, .iml lo returned 
 to their polls: flioJc wh'> wore (kins eli;iptd bttttr. 
 Mafcarenh.^4 taking notice ol tins, c.niled liiine ^ilr 
 leather, wherewith liis rooms were hui'j;, to he made 
 into co.its for the luldiers. At one tune he and Don 
 Pedro dc Almcyda, with loj men, (allied to dcltroy 
 a mount railed to overlook the fort, killing 30.J 
 Moors. Martin Botello, another tinir, went out 
 with ten men, to take fomebody who niiijht give in- 
 telligence, and falling upon eighteen, put thcni to 
 flight, except a bold Nubian, who llandin'r all the 
 eleven, wrcllled with liotello, and he lindiiig it hard 
 to overcome him wliillt he could touch ihe ground 
 with his feet, ran with him in his arms to the fort.— 
 Meanwhile, the defend.ints werecijually fpent with 
 labour, and with hunger, fo that they were glad to 
 feed upon naufeuus vermin ) a crow taken upon the 
 dead bodies, was a dainty for the Tick, and (old for 
 five crowns i the ammunition was likewife almolt 
 (pent) and now the tncmy gave u hut afl'ault with 
 frcfti men, 10,000 having newly joined them: they 
 entered St. John's baftion, and retired ; fcarcely had 
 they left it, when it blew up, bein|^ undermined, and 
 in it feventy Portugviefe, ten of whom came down 
 alive i Diego de Sotoiiiayer fell into the fort with a 
 ('pear in Ins hand ) a foldier in the fame manner 
 dropped among the enemies, and was killed by thcni. 
 Mafcarcnhas forcfceing the danger, had ordered them 
 to quit the baftion ; but one Reynofo profefled, if 
 they did, he would accufe them of cowardice : — 1 3,000 
 of the enemy having attacked the breach I hey had _.. . . 
 made, were withftood by five foldiers only, till Maf- ,,^^5'™ ' 
 carcnhas came with fifteen more : the women aflifted 
 the men, and ran even to liravc death. The prieft, 
 who was returned from carrying the advice to the 
 neighbouring places, appeared, encouraging all, with 
 a crucifix lilted on hi^jh. The actions done here 
 were aftoniftiing ; but it growing dark, the enemy re- 
 tired, having toft 300 men, and Mafcarcnhas fpent 
 all the night in repairing the damages. The enemy 
 daily renewed their attacks with no better fortune, ^""' 'f* 
 and held out by means of their vaft numbers : Rumi '•"''•• 
 Chan pierced the very rocks that ftoud in his way, 
 but met not with fuccefs as he had done the time be- 
 fore i for Mafcarcnhas perceiving his work, counter- 
 mined it, and killed many of them. Don Alvarode 
 Caltro, the governor's fon, who was I'cnt with fuppiies, 
 having met with incredible ftorms, at length arrived 
 at BalTaim : Antonio A'loni/. U.irrctto got firft into 
 Diu, with eight gentlemen, who, though lb few, 
 were no fmall comfort to the beficgcd ; one of thefe, 
 called Michael Darinida', a man of prodigious ftrength, 
 being refufed admittance into the boat, leaped into the 
 water with his mufquetin his mouth, and fwimming 
 after it, Barretto was obliged to take him up : Louis 
 de Melo, and Mcndoza, came alfo with nine men : 
 then Don George and Don Duart de Meiiefcs, wi<h 
 fcvcntccn ; after them, Don Antonio de Atayde, and 
 Francifco Guillcrme, with fifty each 1 and laftlyj 
 Ruy Freyne, faAor of Chaul, with twenty-four. 
 All thefe fell upon the enemy, then poiTelTcd of fome 
 of the works, and among them the baftion of St. 
 Jago : the difputc was hot, yet the enemy fet up 
 their colours on the walls, Antonio Barretto made 
 good his poft with only two foldiers, and w.-is going 
 to quench his flames in the water ; but one of th« 
 two, who was in the fame condition, detained hinif 
 and both did things worthy admiration. Antonio 
 Corrca fallied out with 20 more to difcover the ene- 
 my, and I'aw twelve Moors fitting about a fire. He 
 exhorted his men to fall upon them, but they fled. 
 4 L. How- 
 
 n 
 
 I 
 
JIO 
 
 PORTUGUESE VOYAOEI 
 
 '$45 
 
 Hou'Cwr, loing; forward, in liopci lo take otir whu 
 might give inti'lTiiJcnrr, he fell uii, in«l lM:h.ivr(l him- 
 fi'll bravclyi bui wa« taken and carried l» Runii Chan, 
 wh'icxaniiiird him about the pofture the lort wai in, 
 which though then very mifcrjble, hs rcprrfcnted In 
 powirliil, »s drove th^t ^-iiieril into ilclpaii i and 
 nii>VL-d him to caul'c the unlorliuutc piilonof lo be 
 dr.ig^ed through the llrci'tii ( then hii head h(in|; cut 
 off, It wa'i let upon a pole next djy in light u( the 
 fort. 'I'lie enemy had, hy lhi< time, luli }ooo men, 
 iind the bilicgcd 200, (o ihui the Utter h.id nut lo many 
 nuire Icl't ; ami wn.tt wai wnrl'e, halt ol ihcni were 
 not able to do duty, when Ijon Alvaru arrived with 
 the fuppliri, which confilled of 400 men, andalul- 
 ficient quantity <il' ammunilion, having liy the way 
 taken a Ihip ul C^unbaya richly laden. 'I'hejoyul 
 this relief was foon allayed) lor the foldier« of thm 
 reinlorccnu'iit, fearing the mines, propuled to meet the 
 cni-my in the open H.Td. Mal'carenhai, piudcntly re 
 fuliii^ to comply W'ch their motion, they biukc out 
 intoo|>un mutiny, in contenipt of all military dil'cip- 
 linc. The cominnnder feeing hiiiifelf in danger of 
 pcrilhing ill the fori, by his own men, fallied with al- 
 moll 500 in three bodie). i'refently they (gained the 
 enemy's advanced poll, forcing them to retire to their 
 works) but when ihry cnmc there, thole who had l<i 
 inlolently forced their commander to tliir. extrava- 
 gancy, itooil atthcfootof the trenche«, while others 
 m'lunted wh'i had t)i.en lefs forward with their tongues. 
 Mafearenhas ficiiig them in thii pollurc upbraided their 
 behaviour in fuch term*, that, ruul'ed by fli.imc, they 
 took heart and went up. The whole army now came 
 down upon the I'ortuguefi', who liaviiij; dune vvuii- 
 Ucrs, were forced to rcciro in fuch difurder, that the 
 enemy mull certainly havepull'cllld theinfelvcs of the 
 fort, had not Mafcarrnhas, hy his prudence and 
 courage, prevented Mojate Chan, who with 5COO 
 ■lien utteiniited tu enter, and was va'iantly oppoled 
 by Lewis lie Soufa in St. Thomas's bulwark. Sixty 
 men were lolt in this action, and Don Fernando dc 
 Caftru miirt.illy wounded In the head. The Moors 
 hid taken the cannon of the Baftion Sant Jagn, when 
 Vafquczde Cunna, .ind Lewis de Almcyda, brought 
 a frcih relief. The latter immediately went out with 
 three caravals, and quickly returned with two great 
 Ihips of Mocha, and lome other veflcls, whole load- 
 ing was worth 50,000 ducats. Many Moora were 
 hung at the yard-arms, whofe heads were then cur 
 off, as was the captain's, who was a ianilTary, and 
 offered 3000 ducats for his r.uifom. The liege had 
 now lalled eight months i when in the beginning of 
 Ifovcmber the governor Don Juan de Caftro, had got- 
 ten together a great fleet of nil I'orts of vefl'els for the 
 relief of Diu. Every one admired the conlianc} 
 wherewith he received the news of the death of his 
 fon Fernando : for ttiou^h he highly refented it, he 
 dillemblcd his grief I and drefling himfelf gayer than 
 ordinary, wencfirll in proccirion, to give (iwl thanks 
 that Diu was (till in the poUelTiun of the Portuguefe, 
 and then to* public fenft, wliicli was the imitation 
 of a fight, wherein they ufe canes inftead of lances. 
 'i'he fleet conflflcd of above 90 fail, bcfides three of the 
 (hips that then came from Portugal ; and fcvcral gen- 
 tlemen that came in them, went in other veflels. . . 
 The governor beang come to Bafaim, waited thecum- 
 iagupof the vcili-ls that were fcattered; and in the 
 mean while fent Don Emanuel dc Lima to fcour the 
 coalK Near Daman, he took fevcral fhips, and cut- 
 ting the Moors in pieces, threw them into the mouth 
 of the river, that the tide carrying them up, they 
 might flrike a terror in all that coait. Entering the 
 river of Surat, after a vigorous rcfiftance made, he 
 dcllroyed all that belonged to the town of the Ethio- 
 pians. The fame was done at the city Anfoto, not 
 far diftant, without fparing either fcx or beauty : the 
 
 * Two pcntletnen, win h><) challenged each other, now 
 i^iMillic flivuld be uwncd viAatioui «vcr ili« oihsr, wUefit(l 
 
 fined wmnrti of the RratninsanJOaiwaiii, b(insnatt|^« 
 teicd in that and ih« neiahbourins towns. \V hen ili« 
 fleet appealed in the tea of Uiu j the enimy (Imid n„n ju'n in 
 amaxMl, though they had juft chcii icieivcd a lupply iim> <i Uu. 
 of jooo Itefti men lent by the king. The unveinur 
 went privately into the Ion, aniTafieruardi landcJ 
 Ins men. It haviug been rcluivcd in council tu attack 
 tlie enemy, they marched in the folluwiiig oidtr : 
 Dun Juan Malcarenhas, commander of the lurt, Kil ' 
 
 the van, confiDing of 500 men ) Don Alvaro led at 
 many I Don Emanuel de Linu the like number i 
 the governor headed the rcll, v^hich were 1000, and 
 a binly of Indians. Among the reA were fume Pur* 
 tugufli; women in men's clualhi, tu allill ilic wounded. 
 In the fort was left the lieutenant with joo men. 
 The governor appointed rewards for thofe who iirtt 
 mounted the enemy's works. At break of day, on 
 the 1 1 Ih of November; this finall army marched out 
 to attack the numerous forces of the enemy, wliu 
 were well intrenclud, and prepared with caniiiiii. 
 I'hey gave the onfet with much bravery, and lomu 
 lill. At length the Portuguefe mounted the wurk^. 
 Such was each man's ragcrnels to be firll, that it luuIJ 
 nut be known whu really was lo. Cofine I'afvd hav- 
 ing I'lll a leg, fought on his knees, till he was killed. 
 Another cut down one Turk, and llonplng tu 
 make an end of him, was flain by hl< Kllow. Fraii- 
 cilcode Azevcdo was killed after having made a great 
 llauglitcr. Mafcarenhas, and Don Alvaro d>: Ciltm, 
 having taken a bulwark, made them room in the held. 
 The governor came up, and inflamed the li;;ht, H« 
 ordi'red his enliun tu fix the (olours on the ene- 
 my's woiks. 'I wice was the cnfign thmwn down, 
 and twice he remounted, The men, encouraged by 
 the governor's prefence, prifltd forward, and the 
 enemy gave way. The Purtuguele entevcd their 
 Works peiUmrll with them, and Rumi Chan came im 
 with the whole body uf his army; but, after a lint 
 dil'pute, retired, Iciving his adverfaries matters uf his 
 works. He went to join lusar Chan, whu on the 
 other fide was worflcd by Mafcarenhas. 'I'he govern- 
 or marched nut of the works to meot iheiii, giving 
 the van to his fon Don Alvnrn. The Poituguil* 
 were much diltieired, when Knar Antonio del C.zcl 
 put himfelf before them with a crucifix on the joint of 
 a lance; on which they took courage, and covering 
 the held with dead .md wounded men, put Rumi ' * 
 
 Chan to flight. He rallying again in his turn, forced 
 the Portuguefe to retire in great confufion ; but the 
 governor renewed the fight, and rettored good order. 
 At this time a flone broke an arm of the crucifix, and 
 the priell calling tu the men to revenge the facrilegCf 
 they fell on with fuch fury, that drove the enemy to 
 the city.— —The firft who entered the city witl» 
 them, was Don Mafcarenhas, and after him 
 came Don Alvaro, and Don Emanuel dc Lima, 
 and the governor, al! feveral ways, making the 
 ftrcctt and houfei run with blood. The women 
 elcaped not the late of the men, and children were 
 flain at their mother's brealls. 'I'hc firU part of the 
 booty was precious (tunes, pearls, gold and filver : 
 other things, though of value, were ncglti^hul. 
 Rumi Chan, and his geoernl officers, rallying their 
 men, appeared again in the field with Uooo men. The Kumi Chin 
 governor and his fon, and Don Juan Mafcarenhas killcj. 
 encompafTed them. The fight was bloutly ; in the 
 heat of it, UabricI Teyxeira, tcjok the Itandaid ot° 
 Cnmbaya (after killing the bearer] and dragged it 
 about the field, proclaiming victory ; George Nunez, 
 from among the dead, broughtout Rumi Chan's head, 
 and prcfented it to the (tovernor. Others took Juzar jayir Cliia 
 Chan, who was wounded. The Portaguefe were left take*, 
 abfolute mailers of the field, having lolt lOo men ; "i 
 
 of the enemy 5000 were flain, and among them Azed* 
 Chan, and ioaie othet men of note. Free plun- 
 der 
 
 entered the cnemy't quarter! 1 both honourably flrove for this 
 glory, aad both Jie4 ia the iitein^. 
 
 dir. 
 
 .-.if- 
 
 CsAtcrcj 
 
 Tu Dai 
 
1 O THE EAST INDIES. 
 
 m Jvun IN 
 la u Utu. 
 
 Maah 
 dtr. 
 
 
 der w*i ntlciwcii) fume were inrlchctl, muny I'.ot 
 much, *nJ ull were Citlifii-il, there were taken many 
 plu*- colour!, lurly piccei uf cannnn of an <.xtraui>luury 
 bigiicCi, whi<.h vvilh the lillcr Idrt, iiuidc u)i 
 two hundred, .uul .i vail quantity ol iimttiiinition,— — 
 M»ny particularly finiiali«cj tUoml'elvet in the 
 idtiun, and the (governor adU-d the part oCa loldicr, a* 
 well ai the general. Don Juan MaCcarenhas iilt<.r 
 • fiegc of el^hl nionthi, did more than couM be 
 immincd I Dun Alvaro de Caftro, bihavcd like hi* 
 (.ithcr k the Enfiun Duarte Barbudo, being Icvcral 
 timet thiown duwn, »» often mounted the works ; 
 Kriar Anthony emiiloyi.! h" crucifix to very nocd 
 nurpoft. The king cauled twcnty-eijjht 1'ortiij.Mii !•• 
 he had in cudody, to he torn in piecen in his prelcnte, 
 iarevenKO for hii loft. VVhilll the governor wa» 
 employed in repairing the damage retcivcJ. Don 
 Kmaiiuil de Lima, in the betmning of the ye.ir 15+6, 
 ly bin order, fcoured the coalt of Cambaya with 
 thirty (hi))«, demolilhing ull the towns aloin; the 
 ihore. '1 he city Oogo, one of the chief of that 
 kingdom, wa>tak«n, plundered, and burnt, without 
 any refinance t the inhabitants flying to the iiiouii- 
 taint, where bein^j purfuid, they were found at night, 
 ■bout a loguc oft afleep, and all put to the l*ord. 
 All the cattle in the heldn, were either killed or 
 ham-(lrun;t, and the city Oaiidar, and feveral othir 
 towns, fuflercd the fame fate, And thus the 
 Portuguefe fullied tli':ir vii^oriei with thofe cruelties 
 
 that add to the horrors of war. 'I'he joy at 
 
 Goa was grciit on account of thcfe tidini^a .nt 
 by Diego Rodrigur/. de Azevcdo, by whom the 
 governor defircd the city to lend him ao,ooo pardas's 
 tor the ufeof the army, lending a lock of his whilkers 
 in pawn for the money. 'I'he city returned the 
 pledge with rcfpeift, and remitted him more money 
 than he demanded. The women, to exprcfs their 
 gratitude, fint their pendants, necklaces, bracelets, 
 and other jewels i but all was puiidually rcflored 
 by the governor, as it was lent, having been fupplicd 
 the day before, by a rich (hip of Camh.-iya, taken by 
 Caftlcrcpaircd y^^tonio M.uiix Barrcto, on the coall of Man^alor. 
 Afterwaidi the fort wa» repaired, and put into a 
 better condition than it was before tlic hege : 500 
 men were left in it, and Don George dcMenefes, 
 with fix fliips upon the coall. The city likewife 
 liecamc better inhabite<l, through the good ufage of 
 the governor to the Moors. After which, failing for 
 Goa, he arrived there the nth of April, where he 
 was received with loud acclamations, and a fplcndid 
 
 triumph prepared by tin- city. In Imilailnn of thr/i- of 
 Kome. The uatet and IliccK were huii^ with lilk, 
 the MJiiilowt liironged with fine woiiit'ii, all placii 
 refoiiii.lrd with iiiuhc and iiwili; nf canium i and the j| 
 ff.i was covered with vtllcU richly nJonird. Tho 
 giivtrnor eiitcnd uiiJi.'r a rich canii|iy, wlieie taking 
 utl his cap, they put on hit luad .1 ciuwn of laurel, 
 and a hriiich ol i( 111 hi'> li .ilJ | Fiiar Antony 
 went befoic him with hi* cr.ninK, as he ■ .iriiiil it in 
 the h;;lit 1 and next to hini the royal U.iiul.nil ) then 
 followid Ju«ar Chan, with his lycs lixid on iho 
 I'.iouiid, perlraps that he mij^lit nnt fi\- liH prince's co- 
 hiurt ilr.i^," d and .>tli>;r< Dying, ht-lld."! lli<.' iih^uifylng 
 li^lit of bco priUincit ill chains, In iht fi.iiit, tha 
 canimr, aiui other foils of aims were cairud in 
 
 on piopei cariiajirs. The (^uv.rnor walked 
 
 upon leaves of gold and lil.'i.-r, and rich lilks. 
 I he ladies from the » inflows, fprinklid liini wllh 
 fwcet water, and tlii.w IliWi-r^ on him. * 'I'he 
 news of the vii'tory at l)iu was bruir^hi to Lilhon the 
 fame ytar ; when ilie king liaviin^ rtlolvi.d tohoiunir 
 Don juan <lc Callro with uniiliial favours, continued 
 ine government to him, with the title of viir-roy. 
 He lunt him alfo a picfent in money i and iira'e his 
 Ion Don Alvaro, auiniral of the liuii.in feas; hut Don 
 Jrt.m did nut live to enjoy that honour. \Vhin he 
 law that there were no hnpis of lite, he fent for the 
 council, which he had appointetl ti) act in his Head, 
 and told them " that he had noihin^ i and difired 
 that they would order foinething out of the kiii;;'« 
 revenue, that he might imt die for want)" then a 
 mafs book beini; broujjht, he laid his hand upon it, 
 and hvorc, " That he had no way made nle of the 
 king's or any other iiur.'s mnncy, imr had driven any 
 trade to increal'e his o.vn Hock t " and drlired that 
 this iH of his might be recorded. After his dialU 
 there were found In his private cabinet, a bloody 
 difcipline, and three rids, which was all his 
 treafure. In 1576, his h.idy was hrou"lit to I'or- 
 tugal, and laid in the church of the Dominicans, 
 
 on a hill not far from Lifbon, He is paintid 
 
 crowned with palm branches, and cloathed in red. 
 He was a great linguilf, and well (killed in nia- 
 thcmalics. He was the fourteenth in the number 
 of governors, and may be accounted the fourlli 
 vice-roy. His death is laid to have been accelleratrd 
 by the bad condu(£l of fomc gentlemen in an expe- 
 dition a little before i and thus died a good governor 
 ! and a brave otriccr. 
 
 IK 
 
 155' 
 
 C«t)ru'i 
 
 .<iii|>li. 
 
 i Jcaih, 
 
 VOYAGES OF THE ENGLISH TO GUINEA AND THE EAST INDIES. 
 
 I 
 
 Ktimi Ciito 
 killcJ. 
 
 ■ Jarir Clii 
 [ nkoa. 
 
 TH E fuccefTes of the Portiiguefc in their African | 
 and Eaft Indian expeditions, railed a fpirit ofi 
 emulation among other nations. The Spaniards had ' 
 endeavoured to come in for a (hart of the advantages ; 
 and the Englilh failed not to follow their example. 
 The defigns of our countrymen in this lefpett, ap- 
 pear to have been fuppnrted by the Spaniards, and 
 were Tuppreired upon the remonftranccs of the Portu- , 
 guel'e, — it appears however that the Englilh fre- 
 quently traded to the Canary Iflands, and even efta- : 
 blilhed faiffors in thofe parts. 
 
 About the middle of the fixtecnth century, the 
 
 Fngli(h fpirit for trade exerting itl'elf, and mictiiiu; 
 
 ,ith a favourable conjun£lure, they began to pufh it 
 
 to the fouth as well as north, about the year 155 1. 
 
 Capt. Thomas Windham, in the (hip I,ion, failed 
 
 To Barbary. {„ Morocco, whither he carried back two Moors 
 
 of the royal family. This was the (irft voyage we 
 
 meet witn to the weftern coaft of Africa; and thcfe 
 
 are all the particulars to be found relating to it, 
 
 excepting, that One James Alday, a fcrvant to 
 
 Sebaltian Cabato, in a letter to Mr. Michael Locke, 
 
 6 
 
 in 1552, reprefents himfelf as being the fi.ft 
 promoter of this Barbary traffic : he alfo obl'erves, 
 that he (hould have performed this voya<{e him- 
 felf, and h.tve had the whole cofiimand if Ihip 
 and goods, but that Sir John Lutterel, John 
 Fletcher, Henry Ollrich, and otliei-s, with whom 
 he had joined, aii'd of the fweating lickiuiV : and he 
 himfelf, after elcaping that difeal'e, had been feizei 
 with a violent fever. But before he recovered, tins 
 (liip being at Portfmouth, 'I'lioma> ^Vuulhaln I'.id 
 her away from thence, by whom he loll oiglity pounds. 
 Next year, 1552, Winlham perlormed a fecoiul 
 voyage to Zahii and Santa Crii,-,, without thu 
 Streights, where he had been the year before. This 
 gave great offence to the HortiigiefL, who thre.itcnud 
 to treat the Englilh as enrniics, if thev mot with 
 them in thofe parts. — Notwithlamliru'; thele menace^, 
 the year, following, the fame Windham, and Antonio 
 
 V 
 
 • Quren Catharine of P(irt"i;.d, hcarini; the relation nf his 
 vifiory and triumph, faiil " Don Juan had ovcrconu hkc a 
 Cjiiidian, and ttiumphiil like a Iwallii'n.'' 
 
 Anas 
 
 -*Lt 
 
3'» 
 
 Voyages of the e n* g l l s h. 
 
 ISS2 
 
 i ( 
 
 #umf7iarv* ac- 
 count ot 
 
 Ancs Pititeado a Portiigiicfc, the promoter of this 
 attempt, undertook a voyage to Guinea, in three 
 fhipf, with 140 nicHi and traded for i^o\i along the 
 coalt ; after which they failed for Benin, to load pep- 
 per : bnt hoth tlie commanders, and moft of the men 
 living of fickntf'i, ocrafioned by the climate; the reft. 
 King hut forty, returned to Plymouth, with only one 
 /hip (having burnt the others for want of hands to 
 
 tvorkthcni) and no great riches. In 1554, Mr. 
 
 John Lock, made a voyage with three Ihips, and 
 trading along that roalf, brought awav a confiderable 
 quantity of gold and ivory, but proceeded no farther. 
 'iliele vo)«ges were fuccecded hy others almoft every 
 year. At length, upon application to cjueen Eliza- 
 beth by certain merchants, two patents were granted, 
 one in 1585, lor the Karbary or Morocco trade j the 
 other, in 1588, for the Guinea trade, between the 
 fivers Senaga, and Gambra, or Gambia ; and in 1592, 
 a third was obtained by others, taking in the co.ifl 
 from the river Nonnia, to the fouth of Sierra Lcona, 
 the fpace of 100 leagues, which patents gave rife to 
 the African company. 
 
 The views of thetnglifli extending with their fuc- 
 cefs, and finding the difcovery of the N. E. and N. 
 W, partagcs, had been long attempted in vain, they 
 fcfolved to pulh their voyage round Africa, by the 
 Portugucfe courfe. In 1591, tlirce large (hips under- 
 took that voyage for the firit time, under the com- 
 mand of captuin Raymond : and rn T596, another fleet 
 of three fl.ip?, commanded by captain Wood, fet out 
 on the fame Jefijjn ; but with ill fuccefs. Mean time, 
 fcveral navigators were employed to difcover this way 
 to tile Eatt Indies, and the Portuguefe pofTcflions there. 
 At length, in 1600, a body of gentlemen, merchants, 
 and other?, (to the number of 216) with George Tail 
 of Cumberland at the head of them, obtained a char- 
 ter from queen Elizabeth, for carrying on a trade to 
 the Eaft Indies, under the denomination of The Com- 
 pany of Merchants Adventurers. 1- rom this time for- 
 ward, Ihips were ft-nt regularly every two or three 
 years, to thofe parts of the world. And thus was laid 
 the foundation of the Eail India Commerce, which 
 fubfifts at prcfcnt. 
 
 The voyage to Barbarj', in 1552, by Cap«ain Tho- 
 mas Vv'indham, was piojccledby Sir John York, Sir 
 William Gerrard, SirT homas Worth, Meflrs. Fran- 
 cis Lambert, Cole, and feverbi other merchants. The 
 fliips that went on this voyage were three. Firft, the 
 Lion, of London, the admiral's fhip, about 150 tons, 
 Thomas Windham, captain, and part owner, a Nor- 
 folk ge.ntlcman, who lived at M.irfhfield Park, Somer- 
 Jitftiirc : fccond, the Buttolfc, about 80 tons : and 
 the third, a rnrav.l, bought of fomc Portugucfe, at 
 Newport in AV'ale.^, and freighted for this voyage, of 
 60 tons : the number of men in the fleet were one 
 hundred and twenty : the mailer of the Lion was one 
 John Kerry, of Somerfetihirc; and his mate was David 
 Landman. — I'his fleet departed out of King-road, 
 near Brillo!, on Monday morning, the b^ginnino; of 
 May, IS52> and Monday fortnight, in the evening, 
 came to r.iichor in the ro.id of Zafia, on the coait of 
 iBarbary, iji jz de2ree» gf latitude, which was the 
 
 firft port they were bound to, and there landed part af 
 their merchandize, to be conveyed to the city of 
 Morocco.— After this, having rcfrcfticd themlelves 
 with vidtuals and water, they went to the ittond 
 port; called Santa Cruz, where they difcharged the santi C:ut 
 rclf of their goods, being linen and woollen cloth, 
 coral, amber, jet, and divers other things, cdeemcd by 
 the Moois; here they found a French fliip, whicU 
 not knowing whether war or peace fubfilted between 
 Engla:id and France, drew as near the town as 
 (he could, craving its proteftion,- if need were j 
 infomtich, that oblerving the Englifli ftill to advance, 
 a piece \\ as fliot from the walls,- which flew between 
 the main and forcmaft of the Admiral; whereupon, 
 calling anchor, there prefently came a pinnace aboard 
 to know what they were, who andcrltaiiding that they 
 had been there before, and came with conlent of their 
 king, were fully fatisfied, and gave Ihem leavo. to 
 land their goods. They had not been long here be- 
 fore the viceroy, whole name was Sibil] Manache, 
 came to vifit them with great civility : but by one de- 
 lay or other, they fpent very near three months 
 before they could get in their lading, which was 
 I'ugar, dates, almonds, and molafles. ■ Yet al- 
 though they were here in the heat of the fummcr, 
 none of the company died by ficknefs. When the OiifH 
 *cre laden, they put to ica, expciSing a wefterly 
 wind ; but as they were fetting forward tor England, 
 the Lion fprung a leak, lb that they were driven to 
 Lancerote, on the fide towards Fortcvcntura, where 
 ihey landed out of her70chefts of fugar, with 12 or 
 fixteen of the company. The inhabitants fuppofcd 
 the caraval had been (eized by them, fuddcniy came 
 with force, and took them prifoners, and fnoikd the 
 i'ugar?. Thi:. b:\r.g perceived f^oni the (hips, they 
 manned three boats to refcue them, and put the 
 Spaniards to .light, of whom they flew 18, and took the 
 governor of the ifland prifoncr, who was about 70 
 years of age, but chacing the enemy too far, and be- 
 ing in want of powder and arrows, the Spaniards per- 
 ceiving this, returned and flew fix of them in their 
 retreat. Alter this, coming to a pailey, it was agreed 
 that the Englifh ibould be exchanged for their old 
 governor, and that a certiHcate fliould be given under 
 his and their hands of what damages they had received, 
 which damages were made good by the Spanifli mer- 
 chants, upon their return into England. Having 
 found out and (lopped the leak, they fet fail ; and as 
 they left one.end of the ifland, the Cacafuego, and 
 other (hips of the king of Portugal's armada, en- 
 tered at the other, and came to anchor in the road 
 from whence the Englifli departed, (hooting off their 
 ordnance in their hearing. The Portuguefe were 
 much olFended with this new trade into Batbary j 
 and both in this and their former voyage, gave out in 
 England, by their merchants, with great menaces, 
 that if they took the Englifli in thofe parts, they 
 would ufe them as their mortal enemies. They were 
 feven or eight weeks before they could rcicli the coaft 
 of England, putting firfl into Plymouth ^ foon after 
 they arrived at London, where they landed their mer- 
 chandife about the end of OiElober, 1552. 
 
 • 4 
 
 St. Niclu 
 
 tliver Scl 
 Guinea j 
 per. 
 
 A VOYAGE TO GUINEA AND BENIN, BY THOMAS WINDHAM, 
 AND ANTONIO ANES PINTEADO, CAPTAINS. ' 
 
 RirnBei 
 
 ON" the 1 2th of Ai];juft there failed from Portf- 
 niouth two line (hips, the Priinrol'e and Lion, 
 with a pinnace called the Moon, furni(hed with 140 
 'ibk-budli.d men, Otdnancc and vii^uaU. They were 
 
 commanded by two captains j the one a Portugucfe, 
 called Antonio Anes Pinteado, the fon of Juan Anes, 
 horn ill a town named, The Port ef Portugal, a wife, 
 difcrcet and fobcr iqan. He w»s an expert pilot as 
 
 well 
 
^fj 
 
 TOtJUINEAAND THE EAST IKDIES. 
 
 3»S 
 
 Sjiit»C:ui. 
 
 St. Nicholas. 
 
 lliver Scflot. 
 Guinea [ic^' 
 per. 
 
 Rir«r Benin. 
 
 Wtll as a prudent captain ; and for his flcill in naviga- 
 tion had btvn in j^rcat favour with tiiu king of Por- 
 tuf^al, who comuiittcil to his care tlic toalh of lirafil 
 and Guinea, ai^aind the inlultsof the French, to whom 
 he was a terror in thole feas. He was likewifc a gen- 
 tleman of the king's houfchold : but f.illing afterwards 
 into difi^racr-, thioiii^h the malicious inlinuations of 
 fome w'lo invied his good fortune, was forced by his 
 majcfty to come to England. I'hc other captain's 
 name was Windham, a perfon of very different 
 qualitic', and endowed with little virtue.—— — He 
 began to Ihcvv his evil dilpofition at Portfniouth, 
 by turni;ig oi^t of his ihip .k kinfman of one of the 
 principal merchants concerned in tiie voyages j al- 
 though it piovcd very happy for the young man, ,ind 
 others wilhcd he had fcrvcd tlieir fons in the fame 
 manner. 
 
 " Setting out on their voyage, t!iry came to llic 
 itland of Madeira, where they look in wnies for the ufe 
 of their fhips. At thefc iflands they met with a great 
 gnlleon of the king of Portugal's, full of men and 
 ordnance, fent out on purpofe to prevent fhips ot 
 other nations from trading in thofc feas, and particu- 
 larly to fruftrate this voyage of the F.nglifli, although 
 ihey could not have done it in ciife lliey had attempted 
 it. 'it fei-ms the king of Portugal had been fecretly in- 
 formed that our Jbips were defined againll his caftlc 
 of Mina, although nothing lels was intended. Hi- 
 therto Windham behaved in a fecmingly very good 
 natured friendly manner to Pinteado ; but after they 
 had left Madeira, he began to change his carriage : he 
 took upon him the fole command, fetting nought by 
 Captain Pinteado, and the fadlor ; and proceeding 
 even to vile language and menaces. He look from 
 him the fervicc of the boys, and certain marines, 
 that were afligned him by the orders and direitions ol 
 the merchants, and left him as a common fcaman : 
 this was a fenflble mortiticition to that worthy com- 
 mander, becaufe nothing can aftiiil a Portugutle or a 
 Sp.miard more, than to be deprived of their honours. 
 Sailing forward, and pafling by the Canaries, they 
 came to the ifland of St. Nicholas, where they vic- 
 tualled with tlic flefti of wild goats, which is very 
 plentiful there, though fcarCc any thing elfc is to be 
 met with. From hence they purfiied their courfe ; 
 yet, to avoid arriving too foon at Guinea, on account 
 of the heats, they ftaid bv the way at the Defert 
 Ides, but being under an arbitrary dircdlion, from 
 whence no gooil can proceed, tarried too long. At 
 length they fell in with the great river of Seftos, on 
 the coaft of Guinea, where they might have laden 
 their (hips with the fruit of that country; which is 
 very hot, and much like a fig, as it grows on the 
 tree, being full of grains, which arc loofc within 
 the co.l, having a hole through the middle. This 
 kind of fpicc is very much ufed in cold countries, and 
 may be fdld to great advantage, in exchange for other 
 wares: but the men, by the perfuafion, or rather 
 compulfion, of this trngical captain, letting light by 
 that commodity, in comparison of the fine gold 
 they thirfted after, faiUd ico leagues further, till 
 they came to the Golden Lands, where, without at- 
 tempting to appronrh the king of Portugal's caftlc, 
 fituate on the river Mina, they ibkl their wares on 
 this fide, and beyond it, for the gold of that country, 
 to the quantity of 150 pounds weight; and niiglit 
 have h.id gold in exchange for their whole cargo, if 
 Pinteado's advice could have taken place. But Wind- 
 ham, though there was gold enough where he was, 
 wouhl needs go farther, and commanded Pinteado 
 (for folic took upon him) to carry the fhips to Benin, 
 150 leagues beyond, under the line, where he pro- 
 pofed to have them laden with pepper ; Pinteado con- 
 iidering the late time of the ye;ir, advifcd him not to 
 go cllcwhcre, but to (lay and dii'pofe of the remainder 
 Vol.. 1. N" 2;. 
 
 of the goods for gold ; but Windham rcfufod.* Pin- 1553 
 
 tcado's view was to preferve the men, well knowing > <— 
 
 their lives would be in great danger, either if they 
 got thither too late, or too foon, they were to meet 
 with the Rofia, which is their winter, not for cold, 
 but for fmotliering hiat, with clofo and cloudy air, 
 and ftormy weather, of fuch putrifylng quality, that 
 It rotted the very clothes on their backs. If tliey ar- 
 rived too foon, then they were to fear the fcorching 
 heat of the fun, which was the real'on of their linger- 
 ing by the way. 'I'luis was he forced agtiinft his will, 
 to bring the (hip to the river of Benin. Mere calling 
 anchor, they fent their pinnace up the river fifty o' 
 rixiy le.igucs ; where Captain Pinteado, Krancifco, a 
 Poriuguofe, Nicholas Lambert, a gentleman, and 
 other meuhants landing, they were conduiited to the 
 court ten leagues from thence. Being arrived, thty 
 were brought amidft a crowd of people, to the king's 
 prefencc. He was a black Moor, (idthough not i'o 
 black as the reft) and fat on a great hill, long and. 
 wide : the walls were made of earth, without win- 
 dows ; but in the roof, which was of thin boards, 
 werefevcral openings, like funnels, to let in the air. 
 — The king is lerved with great flate ; his noble-''''"= ^'"i'' 
 men never look him in the face, but fit covered ^'^' 
 with their elbows upon their knees, and their 
 hands before their faces, nor dare lift up their eyes, 
 until his majelly commands them. When they ap- 
 proach him, as foon as they come in view, they af- 
 fume the fame pollute, and when they retire, go creep- 
 ing backwards with like reverence, it being a crime to 
 turn their backs upon him. 
 
 " The king at firll caiilcd them to ftand up, and 
 then in Portuguefe, (which he had learned from his 
 infancy) he demaiidtd the caufe of their jcoming, 
 1 hey aniwered hv I'inteado, that they were mer- 
 chants, and came to exchange the commodities of 
 their own country for thole of his. The king then 
 defired him to look at 30 or 40 quintals of pepper, 
 which had lain a long time in his Itorehoufes, and to 
 bring a fample of their merchandifes ; thereupon he 
 lent fome of his people to condudfl the captain and 
 merchants to the water-fide ; and others to fetch tho 
 wares from the pinnace to the court. When they 
 were returned, and the wares fcen, the king agreed 
 with the merchants to provide in 30 days the lading of 
 all their fliips with pepper ; and, in cafe their goods 
 (hould fall (hort of the value, he offered to give them 
 credit till their next return. He forthwith fent the if 
 
 country round to _^athcr pepper, fo that in thirty 
 days no lefs than So tons were brought to the court. 
 In the mean tim?, the Fnglilh having no command of 
 themfelves, cat of the fruits, and drank the palm-wines 
 to exctfs J neither could they be kept from running 
 continually into the water to cool their bodies, melt- 
 ing with the heat of the climate ; fo that not being 
 ufed before to fuch fiidden and violent alterations, it 
 brought on fwcllings and agues, towards the latter 
 end of the year, whereby three or four, and fomc- 
 times five, died in a day. Windham finding his men 
 drop oft-" fo fad, as foon as the 30 days were expired, 
 fent to Captain Pinteado and the reft, to come away 
 forth« ith i they let him know by letter, what.a quan- 
 tity of pepper they hatl procured, and that they daily 
 expcdled as much more, defiring him not to hurry 
 them, confidcring what reputation they fhould gain, 
 in cafe they (hould make a profperous voyage, ami 
 how fhameful it would be to return without full lad- 
 ing. But Windham, not fatisiied with this anfwer, 
 ana the mortality continuing amongft the men, fent 
 ihem word that if they did not come away inftantly, 
 he would leave them behind. Hereupon Pinteado, 
 thinking to perfuade him by reafon, returned t<f the 
 (hips, being conduifled thither by the king's order. 
 Mean time, Windham, in a rage, broke up Pintea- 
 4 M do's 
 
 • lie fell into a rage, and reviled him, callln? Iiim Jew, and 
 other nppinliiious names, ra\ing, " Tliis whoiclon Jew hath 
 piumitcd in Uiing ui tu fucli I'lac^ y, ire not w bi; founJ, or he 
 
 csnnnt bringusto: but if he do net, I will cut off his cars, 
 and nail them to the mall." 
 
 ;* 
 
 . i '1;' 
 
 iij 
 
 'iff 
 < ! } 
 
 ' i\ 
 
3'4 
 
 VOYAGES O-r THE E N G L I S 1^ 
 
 '553- 
 
 Windham't 
 
 ricatli. 
 
 io't cakia and cImAs, fpoiled fuch cold diftilled wa- 
 ter! and other things a* lie had provided for his health* 
 and left him nothine either of inftriunenta to (ail by, 
 or apparel. Then falling Tick himfelf died alfo : for 
 all thU, Pintaado, when he came on board, lamented 
 his death as much as if he had been his beft friend. 
 Yet fevtral, both of the mariners and officers, fpit in 
 his face, feme calling him Jew, faying, he had 
 brought them thither to deftroy them, and others 
 drawing their fwords on him, oftered to kill him. 
 Thcv infifted to leave the coaft, he defired them only 
 t« ftay till thofe who were at court fliould return 
 fiom thence ; but they would not grant this rcaueft. 
 Th«B he intreated them to let him have the ihip-boat, 
 
 with a piece of an old fail, promlfing therewith to 
 
 bring the reft into England."— Finding all he faidwas 
 
 in vain, he wrote to ac()uaint the merchants with 
 
 what bad happened i alTuting them, in cafe he lived 
 
 to return, forthwith to fetch them. As for Pintcado 
 
 himfelf, after being kept on board againft his will, 
 
 he was thruft amone the cabin-boys, and worfe ufed 
 
 than any of them, being glad to find favour at the 
 
 cook's hand.* Having lunk one of their fhips for want 
 
 of hands, they departed, and fix or (even days after, 
 
 Pinteadu died, heart-broken with his hard ufagc ; Pintcado die^ 
 
 and of 140 men, Icarcc forty retyrned to Plymouth, "' K"«'' 
 
 of whom alfo many died. 
 
 VOYAGE TO GUINEA, IN 1554, BY CAPTAIN JOHN LOCK. 
 
 Tha 
 out. 
 
 TH £ adventurers in this voyage, were Sir George 
 Barne, Sir John York, Thomas Lock, An- 
 thony Hickman, and Edward Caftlclin. 
 (leetftj ^^ '*** '"'' °^ Oftobcr, 1754, they left the 
 Thames with three good fhips, the Trinity 140 
 tons ; the Bartholomew, 90 -, and the John the 
 Evaiigelift, 140. There were likewife two pinnaces, 
 
 t whereof one was loft on the coaft of England) 
 laving ftaid at Dover fourteen days, and at Rye, 
 three or four ; they laft of all touched at Dartmouth, 
 and (hence proceeding, the firft of November, at 
 nine at night they fetonF, the Start, bearing Ibuth-weft, 
 and by the third, about noon ran fixty leagues. 
 
 " On the 17th, in the morning, they had fight of 
 l^iadiira, which iii luc noiih liufth-call part, ipycui 
 very high; and to tlie fouth fouth-eaft, is a low 
 long land, and a long point, with a faiUle through 
 the middle of it, ftanding in thirty-two degrees in 
 the weft part, they faw many fprings of water, 
 defcending from the mountain : alfo feveral white 
 fields, like corn fields, and fome white houfes to the 
 fouth-eaft. The top of the mountain feemed very 
 ragged ; and in the north-eaft part they faw a 
 bay, rvfembling a harbour : alio a rock at a little 
 diitance from the (hore; and over the faid bay 
 was a great gap upon the mountain.— On the 
 iqth* at noon, they had fi'^ht of the Ifle of Palms, 
 Teneriffe, and the Canaries. I'he firft, (which 
 lies in twenty-eight degrees) rifet round, and ex- 
 tends fouth-eaft and north-weft ; the north-weft part 
 it loweft. In the fouth it a round hill ovtr the head- 
 land; and another round hill in the land. Between the 
 fouth-eaft part of Madeira, and the north-weft part 
 of Palm ifle, are fifty-fiiven leaguet; their ^ourfe 
 fouth and fouth by weft, fo that they had fight of 
 Teneriftie, a^id the Canariet ; the fouth part of the 
 Ifle of Palms is diftant from the north north-eaft of 
 Tenerife, twenty leagues north-weft. Tenerifle and 
 the great Caiurie» called Gran Canaria, and the 
 weft part of Forteventura, ftand twenty-feven degrees 
 and a half. Gomcra is a fair iflaiid, but very ragged, 
 and lieth weft fouth-weft of Teneriffe ; and the courfe 
 in failing between them fouth bv eaft. In the fouth 
 part of Gomera is a towa, and good road for flkips ; 
 it ftands in twcnty-fcven deereet and forty-five 
 minutes. TeQerifte is high land, with a great high 
 peak likea fugar-loaf, whofe top is covered with (how 
 
 * It ippcars lhi( afcer tliis rentlemin had )^en long impri- 
 foned hy the king, he was releated on lh« rcprefcntuion o< that 
 prince's confcflbr, a );rey friar, who made known his inaoctncci 
 that it was poverty, and aot any crime, wliich obllKcd liim to 
 Jeare liis country i that the king, repeniiiig of tiif leveritjr 
 towards Uiiiii iiy letters patent, dated the Kotli of September, 
 icji, in connileration uf his good icctrice, made him aKnight 
 ' ' «alwa •( 7< 
 
 •f lut huBlltsU, wiUiipca 
 
 7«o icet (or t« fttUinija} 
 
 throughout the year : by this mark it may be known 
 above all other iflands. Here they were becalmed on 
 the aoth of November, from fix in the morning till 
 four in the afternoon. — On the aid, under the Tro- 
 pick of Cancer, the fun fets weft by fouth, upon the 
 coaft of Barbary, twenty-five leagues north of Cape 
 Blake, three leagues from ihore, there arc fifteen 
 fathoms, no ftreams, and good (helly ground mixed 
 with fand ; alfo fmall iflands in twenty-two degrees 
 
 twenty minutes From Gomera, they failed louth 
 
 by eaft 100 leagues, to Cape de los Barbas, in 
 twenty-two degrees and a h.ilf. All that coaft is 
 very flat, with fixteen or feventecn fathom water ; 
 and from that cape, till within feven or eight leagues 
 of the river del Oro ; is frequented by £pani;:(U3 M'.d 
 Poituguefe, who trade for lifli during tlie month of 
 November. 
 
 " From thence they fteered fouth fouth-weft, and 
 foutli-wcft by fouth, till they came into twenty 
 devices and a half, reckoning themfelvcs fcven leagues 
 oft fliorc, and there were the coaft fhoals of Cape 
 Blake. Then they went fouth till they got into 
 thirteen degrees, and by eftimation, twenty-five 
 leaguet oft'. They difcovered the Crolicrs when thty 
 were in fifteen degrees, and might have done it 
 fooner, if they had looked for them. Thufe conftcl- 
 lations arc not right a-crofs in November, by realon 
 that the nights are ftiort there ; nevcrthelefs they had 
 fight of them the 29th of the fame month.— On the ift 
 of JJecember, being in thirteen degrees, they pro- 
 ceeded fouth by eaft, till the fourth at noon, when 
 they were in nine degrees twenty minutes, and by 
 eftimation thirty leagues weft-fouth-wcft of the fhoala 
 o( the Rio Grande, which are thirty leagues long. 
 On the 4th, being in fix degrees thirty minutes, they 
 began to fet theur courfe fouth-eaft. I'he 9th, they 
 directed it eaft-fouth-eaft ; and the 14th, eaft, being 
 then in five degrees thirty minutes, and by computa- 
 tion thirty-fix leagues from the coaft of Guinea. 
 On the 19th, they failed eaft by north, feventecn 
 leagues diftant from Cape Menl'urado, which bore 
 eaft-north-eaft, and the river Seiio eaft.— On the 
 2ift, they fell in with Cape Menfurado, to the fouth- 
 eaft, about two leagues off, which rifing like thc*-^!" Mcula- 
 head of a porpoifc j may be cafily known ; it (lands '*''''■ 
 nearly in fix degrees. Alfo to the fouth-eaft there 
 are three trees, the eaflernmoft is the highcfi, the 
 
 middlcmoft 
 
 1 month, and an aliayre (or half bulhel) of barley at lonz 
 as he kept a liorfc. 
 
 This patent is to be found !n Hakluyt't Colttftion. Not- 
 withilandiitg thole fiundly overtures, howe?er, Pintcado durd 
 D«« venture Mme, not fo much as to convcrfe with his country 
 men, nnlefs in company with others i bccaufe he hail privu* 
 Intimation given htm, that tlicy intended i* murder hiiu, af 
 ihcyceulil but fini t profcr opportunitjr. 
 
 ■■■ki 
 
to GUINEA ANt> THT! EAST INOIES. 
 
 vi 
 
 uciido die^ 
 grUi, 
 
 Kio Dolce. 
 
 Sbttrgro. 
 
 Pqrt St. VJB' 
 «tat> 
 
 pc Meofa- 
 
 middlemoft tike a hay-ilack, and the fouthermoft 
 rcreniblet a gibbet : upon the main are four or five 
 very high hills riling one after another like round 
 hillocks, and to the fouth'-^aft of the three trees, 
 the whole coall is a white fand. — On the 2zd, they 
 ^ivet Ssilo, came to the river Scfto, and remained there till the 
 agth. From hence they fcnt before them the pinnace 
 to the Rio Dolce, that they might have thebeeinning 
 of the market, before the coming of Jolin the 
 Evangelift. — In the river of Sefto, they had a ton 
 of grains. From whence to Rio Dolce, in fivedeg. 
 thirty minutes, are twenty-five leagues. The rivi-r of 
 Sefto is eafy to be known by a Icd£,ii of rocks on the 
 fouthi-eaft part of the road. And at the entrance of 
 the haven, there are fix trees that bear no leaves. 
 This is good harbour, but very narrow at the mouth, 
 where tl^re is a rock jull as you enter. All the coaft 
 between Cape De Monte, and Cape De las Palm.is, 
 lies fouth-ealt by eaft, and north-weft by weft, being 
 three Leagues off the fliore; and you fliall have in 
 fpme plact'«, rocks two leagues ofF, and that between 
 
 the river of 3efto and De las Palmas. From the 
 
 liver of Scfto to the river Dolce, are twenty-five 
 league;, and the high land between, which begins 
 eight leagues from the former, is called Cakeado ; 
 to the foukii-caft, whereof is a place called Shawgro, 
 andanolhir Shyawe, where you may get frcfh water, 
 OfF Shyawe lies a ledge of rocks, and to the fouth- 
 eaft a head-lanJ, called Croke, between which and 
 Cakeado, are nine or ten leagues. To the fouth-eaft 
 hereof, is a harbour called St. Vincent, right over 
 againft which, there is a funk rock, two leagues and 
 a half from (hore. To the fouth-eaft of that rock, 
 there appears an ifland about three or four leagues 
 4iftant, and not above one from th^ coaft eaft-fouth- 
 eaft of the illand, is a rock, that rifes above the 
 water, and the entrance of the river Dolce, which 
 thereby may be known. The north-weft fide of the 
 haven is flat fand ; the fouth-eaft fide refembles an 
 ifland, and is a bare plot without any trees, fuch as is 
 not any whcreelfe. Ships ride in fourteen or fifteen 
 fathoms, good ooee and land -, beine the marks of the 
 road to bring the ifland and the nortn-eaft land toge- 
 ther. Here they anchored the laft of December. — 
 On the third of January, they failed from the river 
 Dolce.* 
 
 •» On the 12th of January, they came to a town 
 called Samma, eight leagues eaft-north-eaft from 
 Cape Trcs Puntas. In the way, i$ a great ledge of 
 rocks far out at fea. They continued four days at 
 that town, the captain whereof would needs have a 
 pledge: accordingly one was fent (being .Sir John 
 York's nephew) whom, when they had received 
 they detained, and wrould traffic no more, but (hot at 
 them with their ordinance, whereof they have only 
 two Qr three pieces.*— On the i6th, they came to a 
 place called Cape Corea, where Captain Don John 
 dwelleth, whofe men entertained them friendly. 
 This cape is four leagues eaftward of the caftle of 
 Mina, where thcv arrived the i8th, and made fale of 
 all their cloth, faviug two or three packs. — On the 
 26th, they failed forward to the Trinity, which was 
 about (even leagues eaftward of them, where fhi 
 fold her wares ) and advifed them to go eaftward of 
 that eight or nine ieaeues, in order to (eR more in 
 two other places. The firft called Perckow, the 
 fartheft Perckow Grande. This laft may be known 
 by a great touud hill^ njinied Mont Rodondo, lying 
 
 »5S+ 
 
 famma town. 
 
 Cape Corea. 
 Mina caftle. 
 
 ^rekow 
 Oriudc. 
 
 * Cafc lie las Palntat, is a fair liigli land, but on the call 
 fi4e theie are fome low placet bv the ilinre, which look tike 
 ■fd elitTi, with wliite drca|(i, rcrtmblina lu||b W4TI> Mfh (be 
 length qf a cjlJc' Tli^ cape U the famheraiwpft Und in all 
 the coad of Guinea, and (laudcth in four deprees one third. 
 The coaA from Cape ilc las falmts to L'a|ie dc tret Puntas, is 
 (air and clear, wiiliaut lockt or oilirar danger, and twHty>fire 
 lcag««> fr<«n ih« iutnxr e^pf- I'lie Uvd i> hifjlKr tliin any 
 oihct place, till yuu cum* to the f.iii,er, alHiut ten leapuat 
 (holt of which i' iile» j:radually all tlic way tliiihert likewife 
 five league! bcliiic >ou ceiuc to k to the aonlt-weil, there it 
 
 near it on the weft, and by the water fide ire many 
 
 high palm trees.— From hence they fet forth home- v "'. 
 
 ward the 13th of February, and plied up along till 
 
 they came within feven or eight league* of Cape Tres 
 
 Puntas.— 
 
 " On the fifteenth, about eight «t night, they 
 caft about to feaward. — In returning from the 
 coaft of Mina, be fure make your way eood weft; 
 as far as Cape da las Palmas ; where the current 
 fets wefiward, and within twenty leagues eaftward of 
 that cape, you may have frefh water, and baliaft 
 enough, with plenty of ivory, or elephants teeth^ 
 at the river De los Patos, which is in four degrees, _. . . 
 and almoft two thirds, and when you reckon yo'X'fc'^p^' 
 as far (hot as the cape, being in a degree, or a di^ree 
 and a half of latitude, you may go weft, and wtft 
 by north till you come into three degrees, and then 
 you may go weft north weft, and north weft by weft* 
 till you come in five degrees; after which proceed 
 north-weft. In fix degrees they meet with northerly 
 winds, and great ruiHing tides, the currents tending* 
 as they judged, to the north north-weft, moreover^ 
 between Cape de Monte and Cape Verde, there run 
 great currents, which deceive many.— The 22d of 
 April, they were in eight degrees ; and fo they ran 
 to the north weft, having the wind at north eaft, and 
 eaft north caft, and fomctimes at eaft, till May day, 
 that they came into eighteen degrees twenty minutes 
 and fo from eighteen degrees forty minutes, they ha4 
 the wind at eaft, and eaft north-eaft, and fometimes 
 at eaft fouth-iiafi ; and they reckoned the iflands of 
 Cape Verde to lie to the eaft fouth-eaft, forty-eight 
 leagues off. In twenty and twenty-one degrees, they 
 had the wind more cafterly to the fouthward than 
 before ; and fo they ran to the north-weft, and north 
 north-weft, and fometimes north by weft and north, 
 till they came into thirty-one degree* north, where 
 they reckon themfelves 180 leagues fouth-weft by 
 fouch, off the ifland of De los Mores ; and there 
 meeting with the wind at fouth fouth-eaft, fct their 
 courfe north-eaft. 
 
 In twenty-three degrees, they had the wind at 
 fouth and fouth-weft, and then they fteered north 
 north-eaft, till they came into forty degrees, after this 
 they bore north-eaft, the wind being at the fouth-weft, 
 and the ifland Flores fcvenleen leagues caft of tltem. IfUad Flor«. 
 In forty-one degree?, they met with the wind at 
 north-eaft, and ran north-weftward. Then it blew 
 weft-north-weft, and at the weft within Rx leagues, 
 they running towards the north-weft, pr^ntly they 
 caft about and lay at north-eaft, till they came into 
 forty-two degrees, where they fet their courfe eaft 
 north-eaft, judging the ifle of Corvo to be tliirty-fix 
 leagues diftant, fouth by weft. — The 21ft of May, 
 
 i 
 
 thirty-nine degrees and a half.— —On the fourth of 
 September, under nine degrees, they loft fight of the 
 north ftar : and in forty-five degrees, the compafs 
 varied eight decrees to the weft. In forty degrees it 
 varied fitteen degrees in the whole: and in thirty 
 
 degrees and a half, five degrees to the weft .Two 
 
 or three days before they came to Cape Tre* 
 Puntas, the pinnace went along the fliore, thinking 
 to fell fome wares ; fo their (hip caft anchor three ot 
 four leagues weft by fouth of the cape, where they 
 left the Trinity, and their pinnace came aboard for 
 
 more 
 
 certain broken ground, and twe greit rocka j within which in 
 (he bite of a bay, is a cadle called Arra, belonging to the 
 king of Pvrtugal, eafily known by the rocki thai lie off it, 
 there bcinenoDC fuch from Cape tie lai HaliDas to Cape Tree 
 Puntas. Tills coad lies call by north, and weft by foutli. 
 from Cape de lat I'almat to Arra, arc ninty-fivc leagues 1 and 
 the coaft from that caftle to the wcftermoft point of Trcs 
 PMntat, lilt 'foutli eaft by fouth, and north-weft by north. 
 Tills wcftetnrooft point is a low land, riinoini; out half a mil^ 
 into the fea 1 alfo upon the inncrmoft neck, lu the landward, it 
 a tuft of tract s and there they arrived on the i ith of January. 
 
,i6 
 
 VOYAGES OF THE ENGLISH 
 
 \. 
 
 i 
 
 I" ' 
 
 H 
 
 1541 more goods. Tlicy tuld liim, they would go to a 
 
 V * — V— ' place rich in gold, where the Frimrolc liad taken in a 
 
 ^ conlidcrablc quantity in the firft voyagp. He tearing 
 
 ^' a brigantinc,, that was then upon iiK oviiA, tullowcd 
 
 them, leaving the I nnlty about fuiir leagues behind. 
 
 They rode betoru that town I'uur ilnys ) lu that iVIni- 
 
 tin, by his owndcfirc, and content of Ibme of the 
 
 cpnimi/Tioners that were in tlic pinnace, went on 
 
 Ihorc : and John Berin went tu trade at the town of 
 
 Samma, already mentioned. 
 
 The ibips brought home this time 400 pound 
 weight and odd of gold, of 12 carrats and one grain 
 In nninefs; alfo thirty-five buti of grains (Guinea 
 f' »b pepper) and about 250 elephants teeth of difi'cr- 
 
 ••■■ cnt fizes. They mcafured fomc of nine fpans in 
 length, as they were bent ; others were as thick as a 
 man's thigh, and weighed about 841b. weight a- piece. 
 
 The Nigriti« (or Negros) poflPI's a great part of 
 Africa) extending weftward to the ocean, and tbuth- 
 ward to the river Nigritis (or Niger) which incrcafet 
 anddiminifhcsat the fame time with the Nile; and 
 produces the fame kind of animals, as crocodiles ; for 
 which reafon, Ldcn takes it for that called by the 
 Portuguefe Senega. Thofe who made the voyage 
 confirmed what is here reported of this lall river, 
 yir. That on one lide the inhabitants arc tall and 
 iilack, and on the other (IJc low of ilature and 
 tawny. 
 
 As to the manners and nature of the people on the 
 Guinea coafts, their princes and noblemen pounce 
 and raife their ticins in different figures, like flowered 
 damadc ; and although they go in a manner all naked, 
 yet many of them, efpccially their women, are, as it 
 were, ladeit with collars, bracelets, hooks and chains, 
 either of gold, copper or ivory. Imyfclf, (fays my au- 
 thor) faw 6nc of their ivory bracelets, weighing 38 
 6unccs : it was m.ide of one whole piece of. the 
 thickcft part of the tooth, turned and fomewhat 
 carved, with a hole in the midft, to let the hand 
 through. Some wear one on each arm and leg, where- 
 with thev ire often fo gauled, as to become in a man- 
 ner lame ; yet they will by no means leave them off. 
 Some wear alfo on their legs, great (hackles of bright 
 copper, which they think to be no lefs comely. They 
 likcwife make ufc of collars, bracelets,, gurlandi and 
 girdles of certain blue (lones like beads. Some of 
 ■*" ' their women wear on their bear arms, cert.iin forc- 
 /Icevcs, made of plates of beaten gold, and on their 
 fingers rines of goUI wire, with a knot or wreath, 
 like that which children make in rulh-rings. 
 
 Among other things of gold which the Eoelifli had 
 in exchange, were certain chains .ind colars for dogs. 
 They were very wary in bargaining, ;ind would not 
 lofe the leaft fparic of'^gold. They have weights and 
 mcafurej, and are very circumfpca in them. Who- 
 ever would deal with them ri'.utt behave civilly ; for 
 they will not traffic if they arc ill ufed. In the firft 
 voyage it happened, that one of the Englifli failors 
 ftole, or took away by force, a Muflc or Civet cat 
 from the place they firft touched at, never imagining 
 that a fraud committed in one place would hinder 
 their trading in another. But although they made 
 
 what haflc they could to the port they next de*f^«l 
 for, yet the ntw» of the injury got thtte bcifore them, 
 which (o ort'cnded the inh«bitaiits, th.1t they would 
 bringdown no wares to ttw fen-fidc, till fuchtimc as 
 the aggrcflbrs had eithcr.rcftored tl>e cat, or payed for 
 her at their own price. — 'i'hcir houfes .-ire made of 
 four polls or trees, and aovercd with boughs. Their 
 common food is roots, and fifh, whereof they have 
 great plenty. Among the reft is the flyinefifh, like 
 thofe in the Weft Indian fcas. The Englim intended 
 to lay in provifion of their fifh, but found they would 
 not take fait ; forae fay they muft be eaten forthwith 9 
 yet others affirm, that being failed immediately after 
 they arc taken, they will keep tcnortwelvedays. — But 
 what is more llrange, we ate told part of the fleflj they 
 carried out of England, which putrified there, became 
 fwect again at their return into the temperate cli- 
 mate. Their }>rcad is made and baked in this manner : 
 they grind with their hands between two ftoncs, *\ 
 luch corn as they think may fufficc the family ; anA 
 having thus brought it to Hour, make thereof very, 
 thin dough, which they ftick upon I'ome poft of their 
 houfes, where it is baked by the heat of the fun,- 
 and lies till they take it down to eat. Th^ have, 
 very good wheat, the ear whereof is two handfuls in 
 length, and ns large as a great bulrufti, being almoft 
 four inches about, where thick<:ft. The ftem or 
 ftraiv feems near as thick as a man's little finger ; the 
 wheat itfclf is round likepeafe, and /ery white, (hining 
 like pearls, that have loft their luftrue. Almoft the 
 whole fubliancc turns into flour, making little or no 
 bran. Here were counted in one ear a6o grains< 
 The car is inclofed in three blades, each larger than 
 itfelf, and two inches broad : and by this fertility, 
 the fun feems in part to make amends tot all the great 
 inconveniences the natives incur from its intenfe 
 heat. Their drink is either water, or the juice 
 which drops from the cut branches of the barren 
 date trees, called Palmatos ; to receive which, they 
 hang either great gourds on the laid branches every 
 evening, or clfe fet them underneath the trees, that 
 the drops may fall therein till morning. They fay 
 this liquor taftcs like whey, but fomething more fweet 
 and pleafant. They cut the branches in the evening, 
 becaufc they are clofcd by the heat in the day. They 
 have alfo great beams as big as chefnuts, and very 
 hard, with a ihell infteadof a hufk. — When the Englifh 
 came home, they found the keels of their fliips quite 
 covered with certain fhclls, more than two inches in 
 length, and wide enough to put one's thumb in. The 
 author law the - Primrofe in the dock covered with 
 them, which, in his opinion, muft have hindered her 
 failing. They affirm, that in thefe there grows cer- 
 tain flimy fuSftances, which at length, flippineout 
 into the lea, become thofe fowls which we call Bar- 
 nacles. I'he like fhells have been feen on (hips re- 
 turning from Ireland, but not more than half an 
 inch in length. Their fliips wxrc alfo ir. fbveral parts 
 eaten with worms, which creep between the planks, 
 and cat through in many places. 
 
 This was o-'.Lof the carlicft voyages of our coun- 
 trymen to thofe parts. 
 
 nrlt 
 
 .11:- 1 
 
 VOYAGE 
 
 TO THE COAST 
 
 .^j>»•'-!i.) v">J;»>^ W1.I 
 
 OF GUINEA 
 
 BY WILLIAM T O W N S Q N. 
 
 
 ON Monday, the i3ih of September, they left 
 Newport Haven, in the Ifle of \Vight, with 
 two good, (flips, the H::rt and Hind, both of Lon- 
 don. The maftcrs were John Ralph and William 
 Carter, being bound to the River de Seftos in Gui- 
 nea, and other ports thereabouts. The wind was fo 
 
 ■ . s ., .... - . . 
 
 various, that it was the 14th of OiStober, before they 
 could reach the road of Dartmouth, where having 
 continued fix days, the aotb they warped out, and 
 fet fail, dire^ing their courfe fouth-wcft, and next 
 morning they had run, by eftimation, thirty leagues. 
 On the firft of November they found tbcmfelves in 31 
 ^ dcgrK* 
 
 i ' it : 
 
 m. 
 
TO GUINEA AND THE EAST INDIES. 
 
 3'7 
 
 drgreesof latitude, by the reckoning of their mafltr, 
 and r.in this J.ij about 40 leaguis. On the 3J they had 
 . fight of Porto Santo, which is a fniall ifland in 38 
 deg. fouthlat. about three leagues Umg, and one and 
 an half broad, poflKfcd by the I'ortui.uefe. It ap- 
 peared to them, coming from the north north-«eif, 
 like two finall lull;, mar logcthLf. The ealt land is 
 a high land, like a laddie, caufcd by a valley. The 
 wed end is lower, with certain finall Knind hillocks. 
 The fame day at eleven, they law the ifland of Ma- 
 deira, 12 le.i'giies from Porto Sanlo. 'I'owards the 
 fouth-well the land is fair and fruitful j it is inhabited 
 by Portugucfe. It appears at a conlidtrable dillance 
 like great whole land, and high. By three o'clock in 
 the afternoon, tlity were oppofite Porto Santo, and 
 bore foulh-wtll to leave M.ideirato the ealt. About 
 three in the morning they were with''i three leagues oi 
 the well end of Madeii.i, ;.nJ, by means of the high 
 hills there, were becalmed j h;iving ran by compu- 
 tation, 33 leagues ill the whole. The Cih in the 
 morning, they raifed the iflc of Teneriffc, other- 
 wife c;illed the Pike, K-caufc it is a very h'^h id.ind, 
 with a pike (or peak) on the top, like a fiij,ir-lo;;t". The 
 fame night they faw Kleof Palnia, which is liigh alfo, 
 and to the welt of TcnerilVe. 'I'lie 7th they per- 
 ceived the iil.'.iid of Gomcra, which lies between 
 Tentriffc and Palma, about 12 leagues ealhvard of the 
 latter, and eight l-jagues to the weftward of the former j 
 but for fear of being becalmed by this, they left both 
 iflcs to the talf, and palled betwixt Palma and Go- 
 mcra ; having ran this day and niuht, 30 leagues.* 
 
 This day alfo they had fight of r'crro, which is 13 
 Icasrucs to the f^/Uthward of the other illands, and is 
 polVelled by the Spaniards. All this day and night, 
 by reafon of the wind, they could not double the 
 point of Ferro, except they had gone to the weftward 
 of it, which would have been much out of their 
 way i wherefore they tacked about, and ran back five 
 hours, call north-eall, to the end they might double it 
 upon the next board, the wind continuing kmth-eaft, 
 a thing that li:idoni happens upon that coall ; for the 
 wind blows there for the moO p;irt, north-calf, and 
 eaft north-eaft; fo upon the oiher bonrd, by next 
 morning, they were in with the illand, and had 
 room enough to double the fame. The 12th thi-y 
 faw a fail under their lee, which they took for a filh- 
 erman, and meant to have fpoken with him ; but an 
 hour after there rofe fuch a f<i_:^, that tliey could nei- 
 ther fee the Ihip, nor yet one another ; they (hot oft" 
 divers pieces to the Hind, but Ihe heard them not. 
 Ill the afternoon, thev (hot off a piece which the Hart 
 heard, and anfwered with another. Half an hour 
 after, the fog broke up ; and they found themfelves 
 within four lia;;ues of the Barbary (hore, in 14 fa- 
 thoms water : the bark alfo came and anchored with 
 them, by reafon of the contrary wind. When they 
 fell in with the land, they could not juftly tell what 
 part it was, beeaufe of that coaft being low land, one 
 has nothing to judge by, but the fhore itfelf, which is 
 white like chalk or fand, and very deep to the ftraiid. 
 By the pilot's reckoning, they were 16 leagues to the 
 eaft of the river del Oio. Here they immediately be- 
 gan to filh, and found great llore of what the Portu- 
 guefe commonly filh for upon that coatt, which they 
 called Pcrgollis, and the Trench Saders ; but the 
 Knglifli, Salt-water Breams. During the fog, the 
 Ihip which thev follnwcd Uecred fuch acourfe^ that 
 they could lee iier no more, by reafon of the (hooting 
 oft" lo find thi- Mind again. The 13th, in the after- 
 noon, the H.irt law a fail making towards them, 
 which theyjudged to be the fail they faw the day be- 
 fore. The captain ordered the Hind to weigh anchor, 
 and (all up to her, and mniuud out the (kift, either to 
 lay her aboard, or tu dileern what (be was. The 
 Hart alfo weighed in half an hour, but the vellel 
 perceiving thrm, tacked about, and (hortly after there 
 fell luch another fiig, which continuing all night, they 
 
 • Tlif fe ifljralb are tixty lestuck fiuai ihJeirj. 
 Vol. I. N- lii. 
 
 were conftrainedto leave the chace. Thii afternoon 
 the wind came about, and they bore louth-well, to 
 get clear of the coaft. They 1 an that night fixteen 
 feaguts. The 14th in the morning was very togiiv ; 
 but about 12 o'clock, they efpied a caraval ol 60 tons, 
 tilhiiig, and lent their Ikitl's to her with five mm. 
 ■('lie caraval, for hafte, let (lip her anchor, and let 
 fall, wliich they feeing, luiifued her, though with- 
 out any weapons ; and in the end, overtaking, made 
 a prize of her, and brou-ht her aw;iy, aUhough there 
 were 14 or hfteen men on board, all with aims, but 
 they had not courage to refill. Being come to anchor 
 near the Hart, the captain caufcd the fliifl' lo ccjme 
 for him, and went on board to fee that no h n ni (hould 
 be done them, nor any thing taken but w hat they 
 were williirg to fp.ire for money i fo th'; Lngliih had 
 of them three tapnets of li::s, iwo fniall pots of oil, 
 two pipes of w.tter, four Iriglheads of f.:lt-li{li, which 
 they had taken upon the eoall, and certain tVeih fiih 
 which they did not efteem, beeaufe tli^rc is fuch 
 plenty upun thai coaft, that in an hour, and fomc- 
 times lef , a man mav take as mueh as will ferve 20 
 for a day. r"or thele thinjs, and foniMvi:,;, whicii 
 was drank on board, and three or four prcat cans, 
 which ih.y had f.nt to the ihip^, the c.ip'ain paid 
 them 27 piltiiles, which was iwiee as niueli as they 
 would willingly have take-n i and luiped them to get 
 up their anchor and table whicii iney ha.l let flip. 
 After this, they fet la'1, but the windcaufed them to 
 anchoragun, about 12 leagues otf ii.e river del tjro. 
 Ihere were five caravals more in this place ; but on 
 fight of the fleet they all made off. 
 
 On the 12th of December they h.id fight of the 
 coaft of fr!ulnea, which as foon as they law, they 
 hauled into the land, north-taft, luul about twelve 
 o'clock at night, came within le<'s than two leagues 
 of the fliore, then tatked about, and found eighteen 
 f*thi.ms water. Afterwards they law a light towards 
 the (hore, which tlivy took for a iliip, and thereby 
 judging it to be tlie river de Seftus, forthwith call 
 anchor, armed their tops aneL nude ail things ready 
 to fight, not knowing but it might be fome Portu- 
 gucfe or Fienehmen ; but in the morning, feeing no 
 vellel, they judged tile light came from (liore, Aliout 
 two Knglidi miles from thtni, they fpied four rocks, 
 one great, and three finall. ihcn they proceeded 
 eaft foulh-eaft along the fliore, bec.iufe thcmafter did 
 not know well the jilace, though ihey were not fo 
 far eaft as the river of Seftos. All this land is low, 
 and full of very high trees "along the (hore; fothat it 
 is not pollible to know whereabouts one is, except by 
 the latitude. In tlitfe 24 hours, they ran 16 leagues j 
 for all the night they had a great gale, with much 
 thunder and lightning. The 13th, for the moif part, 
 they ran eaft fouth-eaft, two leauues from the coaft, 
 and found the land full of woods, and great rocks 
 clofe to the (hore, againft which the fea beat violently, 
 the waves breaking as white as fnow, and mounting 
 fo high, that they might eafily be difccrncd four 
 leagues oft', in fuch a manner, that no boat ccnild land 
 there. At noon they took tlie altitude e f the fun, 
 and judged themfelves to be 24 leagues to the eaft 
 of the river de Seftos j therefore they itood tow aids 
 land, and anchored within two miles of iliorc, in 15 
 fathoms water, where the lea was fo finooth that they 
 might have rid by a hawl'er. That afternoon they 
 trimmed the boat, that thev might go along Iv the 
 ftiore to fcek foinc place to V ater in, for they i.uld 
 not turn back again to the river e!e Sei.is, bieuife 
 both wind and current is always contrary, the latter 
 running continually eaftward. The i.^ h, th>y went 
 back again along the coali, and abcnit iiuoii, the boats 
 found a watering-place. Being far out at lea, they 
 met with diver^ boats of the country, fniall, long, 
 and narrow, with only one man in each, to whom 
 they gave bread, which they were very glad of. 
 About four o'clock, their boats cime to them with 
 frclh water, and this night tluy anclioied againft a 
 river. The 15th, they weighe\l, and fet fail to go 
 near the Ihure. They founded all the way, and found 
 4 N fome 
 
 "555 
 

 3'8 
 
 VOYAGES OF THE ENGLISH 
 
 I5SS 
 
 Manner 
 tiadic. 
 
 fomctimes rocks, fomctimcs fair ground ; anil nrvcr 
 Icfs tliaji (even fathom water. Within a mile cf 
 fhorc, they met with liven fallioms anj a lialt J and 
 there anchored In a manner litt'orc the mouth oC the 
 river: it is called St. Vincent in the charts; and 
 about a mile up it the boats found very good wator. 
 This river lies in four degrees and a half, and is by 
 ettimation, eight lea:;ues beyond the Scftos : but it is 
 fo hard to find, that a boat fhall not difccrn it at 
 half a mile diliance, btcaufe the entrance is quite 
 hidden by a ledge of locks ; which being much broader 
 than the river, a boat mult run in a good day betwixt 
 the rocki and the fhore, before it comes at the mouth. 
 But the river itfelf is very large, and divers others fall 
 into it i however the entrance is fomewhat inconve- 
 nient, bccanfe the fea runs pretty high j but being 
 once within, it is calm as the Thames. This fliore 
 is inhabited near the fca, by a very large kind of 
 people, who go all naked; ixcept a clout to cover 
 their nakcdnels, about a quarter of a yard Ions, made 
 of the bark of trees, which will fpin fmall, after the 
 manner ol' linen ; fome wear the like u|)on their 
 heads, painu.) with various colours ; but for the moft 
 part tlicy go bare headed, th?ir hair being clipped, 
 and fliaved in various manner":, rni.d of them have 
 thiir fkin raifcd with di\ers works, in manner of a 
 leather jerkin ; both lexes go alike, (o that the 
 women cannot be ktiown from the men, but 
 by the breads, which are generally very ugly and 
 long. 
 
 The fame morning they went into the river with 
 the fk iff, and c.irrieJ b.ifons, nianillos, &c. and took 
 that day, one hogflu-.id, and one hundred wcij^lit ol 
 grains, and two clepli.nuV teeth, at a rcafon.ible rate. 
 They «cre fond of balons, for each of which, 
 Ihcy had about thirty pounds weight of giains; 
 and for an elephant's tooth of thirty pounds weight, 
 they gave the negroes, fix bafons. 
 
 In the morning of the i6th, they carried fome of 
 every fort of merchandife; but th; natives made light 
 of them, as well as of the wares they were fo fond of 
 the day before ; offcrin;; fur bafons what could not 
 be taltcn ; fo that this day thcv bought not above one 
 hundred pound weight of grains, by means of the 
 negro's ca]itain, who would fuffcr none to fell anv 
 thing but through his hands, at his price. He was 
 fofubtil; th.it for a b.Tl'on he would not give fifteen 
 pounds weight of grains, and fomctimcs would niKer 
 fmall difli-fulls, whereas before thev h.id balkct's 
 full. ^Vhen he found the Englifli v.ould not take 
 fuch quantities, he departed with all the boats; 
 thinking that they would have followed them and 
 complied with their terms: but perceiving their 
 drift, they weighed, and went away. 
 
 Afterwards, going to land to fee the country, 
 threcfcorc of them came about the Englifh, of whom 
 at firft they were afraid; but at length, finding no 
 harm was done them, grew familiar, and would 
 cone and t; ke them by the hand. On the other fide 
 thofe who landed, went into their towns ; which 
 confided of about twenty fmall hovels covered with 
 green le.ives and baggage, the fides all open, and a 
 i'cafibld underneath the houfe, about a yard high, 
 where they lie and work many pretty tilings out of 
 the barks of trees; they alio forge handfome darts, 
 and various indruments of iron to make their boLts, 
 befidcs other utenfils ; the women labouring as well 
 as the men. Many of the women to divert their 
 vififants, danced and fung after their manner, which 
 was not very agreeable to the ear. 'i'heir fong was 
 fakere, fakerc, ho, ho, fakerc, fakerc, ho, ho ; 
 leaping and clapping their hands all the while. 
 They faw no cattle or other animals among them ; 
 except two goats, fome little dogs, and fmall hens. 
 After gratifying their curiofity, they returned on 
 board : «hen the captain of the fird boat, with 
 a bafket of grains, by figns invited them to come 
 again when they had llept, into the river, promifing 
 plenty of the commodity, a fample of which, they 
 (hewed the Englifli. On the 17th, in the morning, 
 5 
 
 Mr. Towcrfon fent the mader on fliorc with the reft 
 of the merchants. When they got into I'le rivet, 
 the captain, with others cnriie ,uid brought grains. 
 Not feeing ToAcrfon there, he nuule li^ns to know 
 where he was, and being anf«cred, tha? he v/.is on 
 fhip-board, he alked who was the diago or eapt-dn, 
 for fo they call theirs, ^nd they p(, in ted to the ni:"llcr 
 of the fliip. Then he began to iliew his ■•i.ii.s, 
 but held them fo dear, and at the fame time li .! lo 
 linall a quantity, th.it they took but fifty p>aiiid 
 weight of them, and cauic away. Then goiiig 
 afliore at the little town, where thiy were tlie d.iy 
 before, one of the company plucked a gourd ; whan 
 fo odcnded the negroes, that many of them cami! 
 with their d.arts and great targets, aiul made figns to 
 them to depart; which they did, h:iviMg but one 
 bow, and two or three fwords. As foon as thev got 
 on board, the fliips let fail ; but as the uiiid hu:'g iff 
 the fca, they could not get clear of ccitain rotks, 
 and therefore cad anchor again. 
 
 This country, as far as they could perceive, was 
 quite covered \<-ith trees, dill'erent from thole of 
 Europe, and of many forts, with many leaves like 
 the dock, taller than any man is able lo rcaeli. — 
 There are certain peale by the ll.i-fide, having lery 
 great and tall dalks ; one of which the e-.ipt:i!ii 
 mcafured, and found twenty- fevcn piers long ; th; y 
 grew upon the fand like trees, and fo near the (e.i, 
 that fomctimcs it flows into the woods, as the-y 
 might perceive by the water-marks : in this place tho 
 trees and all other vegetables are continually i.'rcen ; 
 likewife the wind blows all day oft' the fca, ;md all 
 night oft" the l.ind, which the m:idcr wondered at; 
 but it varied fomctimes. — This iiii;ht, at nine o'elock, 
 the wind iringing up at calt, (which ordinarily 
 about til time blew north-north-wed from tho 
 Ihore) tlu v weighed, and hauled oiK; but the next 
 morning hauled in .ngain to land, and each fhip took 
 
 in fix tons of w.Uer. Mr. Towerfon could noc 
 
 perceive that there was gold here, or any thing clfe of 
 value; the people being fo wild and idl-, that they 
 miniled nothing. They might gather plenty u( 
 grains if they would take pains ; but he could not 
 perceive two .owns in the whole pl.ice. 'I'lierc were 
 fome fowls in the country, but the people would not 
 be at the trouble to citch them. 
 
 On the i8th, towards night, as they were failing 
 along the coad, they met with certain boats, which 
 informed them, that in a river oppofiie lo them, there 
 were grains to be fold : but they would not go thither, 
 left the Hind fhould get before them. i his river 
 has lying before it, three great and five fmall r.Kks; 
 and on Its bank, dand a great and little tree. 'I'hey 
 hauled this night, along the coad ten leagues. — On 
 the 20th, the Hind having anchored by them among 
 the rocks, and in foul ground, lodafiiiall anchor. 
 At nron, as thev palled along, theic came a negro, 
 making figns, that if they would go aihore thev 
 fliould have grains. Where they anchored at night, 
 there c imc others with grains, which they (hewed 
 them, and made figns that they fiiould (lay. In the 
 night alio, they lighted a fire upcui land, to direct 
 them where to put adiorc ; the like was done in 
 divers other places upon the coad, where the natives 
 faw them anchor. — On the 22d, they ran all dav and 
 night to double the point Des Palnias, in the whole, ^ 
 fixteen leagues. On the 23d, about thiec o'clock, [."j^ 
 they were thwart of the point; and, before they 
 paflld the wcdcrmod part of it, faw a great ledre of 
 rocks, which lie about three leagues wed of it, and 
 one or more from land. Soon after they had fi;ht (.f 
 the cadcrmolt part of the Cape, which lies four 
 leagues from the wederniod part ; and upon the very 
 corner whereof lie two green plats like padures ; 
 likewife to ilie wed of the cape, the land part^ lioni 
 it, as it were a bay, whereby it may bceafily known ; 
 four leagues beyond there appe.irs a hcad-ljiul ; aiiel 
 about two leagues farther, the coad forms a great 
 bay, like the mouth ofaiiver; before which they 
 cait anchor, and daid all night for fear they Ihould 
 
 over- 
 
 T.aile 
 teeth. 
 
 n« 
 
 tS^i 
 
%^- 
 
 TO GUINEA AND THE EAST INDIES. 
 
 i'V 
 
 T.ade 
 teeth. 
 
 for 
 
 over-run a river wlicic tlic I.1II year they hail nil thcii 
 clcnhaiits uctli. 
 
 Being uniler f.\il on the 24t1i, .ibout eight o'clock, 
 there came C( rt:. ill 111). lis, liun^iny (iri:ill c;;;;s, wliicli 
 were (dft witlnMit flull . i ;inJ ihey niaJe tluiii lign?, 
 that wllliin l.uui theiu wa"; liilli water, and guats. 
 Tlie mailer Il\inkiii;{ it v.as tlie river wnitli thev 
 fought, call anclu r, and feiit the boat afliore, with 
 one that kinw the liver, fuiJiiig it was luu the lame, 
 the bo;it came baei:, -.'".J With cars nn.l lail, went 
 •TlDnjr Ih.ire. The hait wei;^Iiing ; iliil the like, and 
 being tliirtevn K-.igues brwuid the Capi', ihe mad.T 
 thought lie law the ri; ^r, \vh;n indeed tluy were 
 two miles pall it ; yet the heat came from (liore, and 
 thole in her faid there «as no river. Ni'tu ithllanJ 
 ing, they call anchor, and the malK-r goinj; into tli 
 boat with the captain and live men, went upon the 
 feareh, and wIkii they lamc m ar the iliore, l;:: pi rceivtd 
 it was the river tiiey fought loi. They linind the 
 cnir: nee very diffieii'lr, the fea running high. Hut as 
 foon as tlicy'h.id entered, fcveul boats can.eaiul fliev.e.1 
 that they h.id elephants tieih, wliereoflhiy bought 
 one of about eight pounds weight, andalitll.- one of 
 one pound. rhen th'- negioe- brought more teeth to 
 the river-fidci making ligii-, th.it if they would 
 come next day, they might iiave more. 'I'he) 
 gave two of their captains a inanillo each, and 
 returning aboard, lent the li.nd's boat to another 
 place, where certain boats tliat came from fhore made 
 figns that there was iVelh water, when they got to 
 land, they found a town but no river ; yet tlie people 
 brought them frefti water, and Ihcwtd them an 
 elephant's tooth, making tlieni figns, that the mxi 
 Jay they would fell them teeth enough. 
 
 [n this place, and three or four Icagius to tin 
 wcftward, there grows palm-tices along, th (hoie, 
 from which they make 'heir palm \^'iiie. I'hefe trees 
 may be eafily dileover'.d ; inioff two leagues ofl", being 
 very high, while and (Irait ; the biggell Uanding 
 in the middle. They have no boughs, but only a 
 round bulh at top, where they bore a hole, a:ul hang 
 a bottle to receive the juice which runs out cf the 
 
 hole, and that Is their wine. The language of 
 
 this place, as far as Mr. Towerfon could pireei- 0, 
 differs not much from the language of that whire tlu) 
 watered before ; but the people were more civilized 
 and comely. As to the building and apparel of one 
 and the other, there was no diffirenee. Here th. y 
 were fondcft of manillos and margarites ; h.iving no 
 cfteein for the reft of the things. About nine o'clock, 
 there came boats from both places with elephant' 
 teeth J and after they had made .Mr. 'T'owerfon fv/ear 
 by the water of the fe.i, that he would not hurt them, 
 three or four ventured into the (hip. Such vii5tuals 
 as were on board being fet before them, they eat and 
 drank very heartily : afterwards the KnglKh bought 
 all their teeth, which were fourteen, ten of which 
 were fmall. At their going away, thty made figns 
 for them to come to the town next day. — As the 
 towns lay three miles afunder, on the 26th, to avoid 
 lofing time, Mr. To.^crfon difpatchcd the mailer and 
 two merchants, to one of them, and went himlllf, 
 with a merchant to the other ; carrying fome of every 
 fort of goods, and bought twenty finall teetii, at 
 both places. Ih their abfcnce, the inaftcr of the 
 Hind had twelve elephants teeth on board, in ex- 
 change for inanillos ; and this was all their (lock, 
 except a fmall goat at one place, and five little hens 
 at the other, which they bought alfo ; and then 
 returning on board, by one o'clock fet fail, and went 
 
 eighteen leagues, (lill within figiit of land On 
 
 the 28th, the wind varying, they (lood out to fea; 
 then changing ag.iln, they returned towards land, 
 which appeared like a red cliff, round, but not very 
 high, and cad of that a fmaller, behind which was a 
 round hun-.mock, and green, which they took to be 
 trees. They ran not above four leagues in twentjr- 
 
 four hours. On the 29th, drawing near (horc, 
 
 they perceived a large grove of trees on the top of the 
 great red clift'i and clifi's of the fame colgur to the 
 
 weft of it, as far as they could fee, which, as wdl as 
 the fliore, were co\ered wiili trees. Thiy could lie 
 no clid's to the ealt, except cuie ne.ir it, iuij a niilt oil' 
 a river. 'I'his d.iy and night's run was twelve 
 leagues. 
 
 Thus proceeding, on the ihiid of J.iniiiry in the 
 morning, they fell in with C'.ip. Ties I'uiit.i-, aiid 
 in the night (as the pilots laid) pallid by one of the 
 I'ortuguili- ealtles, eit^lu le.ii;u.s to the u.ll. Tbe 
 Cape whi.il ftrll lien .ipjH.ui J very high l.mi', giinvn 
 over with tires. Coming near it, tliey puceiviil two 
 head-lan<ls, with two b.cvs bitweui, dinelly facing 
 Ihe well of the three capos. I lie miJ.'lr C.ipe ii, 
 not above one league dillant from the uill.rn, al- 
 thou;:!i the charts make it three le.igius. U ght be foio 
 the middle Cape lies a fmall rock, lii near ih.ii it can- 
 not be.dillinguiihed from it, unlifs one lie near th-- 
 Iliore. This cape has a great heap of trees upon it, 
 and being viewed from the ealhvard, there rifes wi.i 
 I by it, a round green humniock. The third Cipc 
 about a league beyond the niiddleinoll is a high land, 
 like to the other two, and betwixt lluiii con. is 01. t .1 
 little point of lanl, with fevtral roeks dole to the 
 iliore. This day they aiiehoi d fur fear 01' ovrrfhoot- 
 ing a town called St. John'-, and ran not above 
 eight leagues. In the afteit'.o:ii th-re came a ho.;t 
 Irom (hole, with five men in her ; and went along by 
 them, as they thought, to oblir\e the flags ; hue 
 they would not come near them, and after a while 
 went back. — On the 4lh, in the morning, they law 
 a ledge of rocks by the (hore j and to the well, two 
 great green hills joining together, with a hollow 
 between, like a faddle. The mailer judged that the 
 .ifore-nanud to*n llood within thole rucks ; but hav- 
 ing f.nt the boats with good*:, thiy found none. — 
 About two leagues e.ift of the tv.o hill-, a ledge of 
 rocks lie out in the fea, almoll two miles, and beyond 
 that a great bay, which runs in ni)rlli-nor'.h-ia(lj 
 as the coalldoih i but the firthell pi.iiit of land they 
 could fee, bore north-ia(l-by-eall. Heyi'iid the 
 uttermoll he,.d land they law a great red elilr', which 
 the mailer taking for St. John's town, wi lit thither 
 with the boat, and found a town on the top of the 
 hill i from whence the people waved a cloth foi him 
 to come in, there being a fine bay to the call of the 
 cliffj after waitilig fonie time, thiy fmt a boat, 
 with a piece of gold to fheW, about half airowil 
 weight ; and rnjuired -o know the nieafure and 
 weight the Knglilh life that tir v might inf.iriii 
 the', captain. Maviu' ,.vcn thoni a nieal'uri' of two 
 ells, and a weight r .,vo aiigil', thoy wiiit awav, 
 and preliiilly came with a me.ifuie of two ells luie 
 quarter and a h.ilf, and one erul'ado weight of g dd j 
 making figns that fo much they would give tin' the 
 like meafure, and kfs they would not have. Finding 
 after an hours w.iiting, that they could do otherwife, 
 and underllanding withal, that the bell places were 
 before them j they depnrted and ran along the (liore, 
 the boat going a-liead, and h.iving failed about ;t 
 leagu?, patfed a point with a hdgc of rocks btlore it ; 
 beyond which the mailer fpied a place, which he faid 
 pofitively was the town of Don John, and fo it 
 proved. Night coming on they anchond as near It 
 as they could. Next morning tluv perceiveil it to 
 be the fame town, and manned the boats and went 
 thither, letting fall their grapnel a little way 
 fiom (hore. Here they waiteil tu o hours, and no 
 boats came near them j for it feenis the year before, 
 the I'ortuguefe took a man from them, anil then 
 drove them from the place, with their guns demoli(h- 
 ing one half of their town. The Hind's boat went 
 into the bay, which lieth to the call of ir, and found 
 a line river. After this, the people waved to them 
 to come in ; which done, the negros came down, 
 and made them figns that they h.id gold. But none 
 would venture on board the boats, probably becaufe 
 they had none of their own, which the I'ortiiguefe 
 might have fpoiled. For the Englilh being well 
 armed thruft the boats heads a(horc ; and then the 
 captain, who was a grave man, came with his dart 
 
 »55S 
 
 ^ 
 
3^0 
 
 V O Y A ^5 E S OF THE ENGLISH 
 
 
 in his liniil, I'.'ik'Miil by fix tall men with il.iiis 
 and t.ir^tis : iIk- <I.ii!s wire ,ill ot iiim, h.iml- 
 liirnr ami well pcjjntrd. AlUT tluni cune .inu- 
 tliir i;irr\ iii^ ihi i..i|i|jin's ftoi)!. The English h.iv- 
 iir; Ijliiuil iiiiii, 1>\ r.ilciii;;ort ihiir taps, ami bo* - 
 in;, hi-, liki'iinL' whii thoUfilit nuicli cj( liimliir, iliii 
 nut nic'.x hiv c,i)i, :iiul li.iiiliy lii'< buil), but I'at him 
 il>>» n \ Li V ("leninly upon his Kuol. As to his at- 
 tinJ.mN, thiy put nH' their caps ami boni\l. II. 
 w.is ilo.iihv'J, Ir.'iii his waill iloHiuvaiiJs, uiih a 
 I'lothof lli.it I'lunuv's ni.inur.ielure ur.ippiJ about 
 liiin, aiAJ made r.iit viith a giulK'. ills cap »as alio 
 ul' that country's (.i<ii)i : he went baie-ley;i;ed and 
 Inrelnortd, as Hilla« naked upwards. Some of hi* 
 lenanis were drilled like liimlelt', others had nothin>; 
 Init aclolh IkUvciii tlu'ir le;;s, made tall bihinil and 
 bi-foM. to ih.ir jiirdlts, with caps of Ikiiis, lome lik.e 
 ■d bilKet, aial lon.e like a widepiirl'e. 
 
 Theii chuii, cords, and fidiing liiu>, are niavle ot 
 the b.iik. lit certain tiec«, wliieh they maniilaetuie 
 Very neatlv. TIkv likewil'e work yold veiy well, 
 iuiii ni.ike ii:i ious inip'enicnts of i;oii, as darl-, I'lili, 
 aaJ oth.r hooks, ^lim in-ii head*, ar.d ljrL,e two-cdjed 
 i!a^;jers, fome ol' tlum as loll;; as a wood knife, i\- 
 te.ilin;^ iharp, ami bent, aftei the m. inner ot Tiiiki 
 blades, wliieh moll jt tliein have hangiiig .it their lilt 
 IUl'. Their targets are alio made of hark, and veiv 
 dole wrouglit ; they are bel'idis very lai;;e, and as to 
 form, lijuare, lijniiwhat loni;cr th.in broad j lo that 
 
 kiRelin^ down, ti.ey cover their whole boily. 
 
 Tiieir bows arc Ihort, and pretty Itronj:, it bein;: 
 
 as niuiii as a man can do to drav thenitig'ui 
 
 the nriii;; is of bark, and flat, and about a i]u.irter of 
 an ir.eh broad. 
 
 Mr. 1 owerloii fcnt tht captain two tils of clo'h, 
 and two bal'oiu, as a prefenr. He fent back for a 
 wei;^lit aiifwei ingth.- lamenicalure, butwould not t.ike 
 a weight of two anjjels, nor fulVer the town to buy any 
 thin;; but the brafs bafoiis, not liking the other wares j 
 fo that tUev fold that morning 74 bafons for about 
 half an any I weight, one with another, and nine 
 white brdoas lor a ijiiarter of an angel each. — About 
 two o'clock the captain ramc again, and prel'entcd 
 Mr. Towcilnii with a hen, and two great toots ; let- 
 toighini know, byiigns, that the country peo|ile would 
 come to his town that ni;;ht, and bring plenty ol 
 gold. Accorilinglv, at tour o'clock there eame about 
 ICO men, under three captains, will appoiiueil with 
 their darts and bows. When they drew near, they 
 fJuck theii dji.'s in the ground by the (liore, and llie 
 captains ha»ing fat down on liools bn ii;lil th.m, they 
 fent a young man on boaid, who bought a mearme 
 witii him 01' an ell, one ijuarter and one fixtcciith 
 p;:tt, infiftiii;: on hav ing four tin.i> that ijiiaiitiiy for a 
 wiighrof ail angel and twelve gi-iii^. Mr. lov.er- 
 li'n ofitied liim tvvoells for two angils weight, and at 
 I.ilf, vshiii it grew late, he came down to tiur ; but 
 falling no lower, thiy departed. 'I'bis day tliey took 
 for b'liips, fix ounces .Tiid a half, ami one li^lith pan. 
 'I'he fixili ii! the morning, thiy mainud ihe bor.t an.l 
 tlie ikilF v\eil, lor fear of the Portuguel'e, who, ten 
 laff vtar, h;^d taken a man from the other (hip-, and 
 went on fliore, beeaufe the negros had no boats to 
 111^. t the Knglilll. Tliev were piefently .iccoded by 
 the fame \oijiig man, wlio leeincd to have dealt IhIoic 
 will) the roiIiLiuife, foi he c.ju'.d fpe.ik that language 
 a lit;/-, and ivas peifect in weigiits and niealures. 
 l|-ori"uid, as he had done before, one angd and 12 
 f;rain> )i,r feur tils, making fign-. ; that if they would 
 not i..l.e thai, lli.y miglit depart; whiih they did, 
 idi"eiii':; iiioi ihiec illsof rotten rlo'.li for that weight, 
 v.liiih lie t..tiil.d. The (hips being a league olV, they 
 r.iu li.iik .•i;',aiii for faml and ball. It. 
 
 The e. pt..iii pi.-Cti'. iiig that the b.iats l)rnii;;ht m, 
 trercluiiiiir-, and ibit their iniiiuioii w.is to fail aw.o 
 II. laiiKll, made figiis again to know il they would 
 i«>t gise the loin ells i and when ibey fuv tlu; boats 
 rc.i.lv ;o .:ij>..it, iIk) came aiul gave the wiiglit of thi 
 iir.^ej ,'.U'\ I.', ir.iii)', wliieh was reauind biloie; a.iul 
 Oiaiii- ii '11-, Uut if the buatb vsculd ci>nie as^ain, tluv 
 
 woulj take three ells. For quicker illfpatch, Mr. 
 Towcrfon, and J.ihn Savill, went on (liore m one 
 boat, and the mailer, ( John Makewoilh) and Rich- 
 aid Cuiligin in the other j the firll took 52 ounccii, 
 and the other boat eight ounces and a nunitir. Next 
 day Mr. Towerfoii went on (bore again, and took three 
 pounds Kj ounces by noon, when they h.id fold mull of 
 the cloili tluy carried, and many of the peoplc 
 wue deputed. Tliole who remained, having made 
 ligns to fctih them (oniee.irthni bifons, Savill and 
 Makcwortli went again, and took iS ounces of gold, 
 and then cane away, lleing the people departed at a 
 certain cry that w.isniade. While they were on (hole, 
 there tame 1 board a young fellow, who could fpeak 
 a little P, ,ugui-li', w itii three more, lo whom Mr. 
 Towcrfon fold j'j b.ifons, and twofm.iH white faucets 
 lor ihree ounces, i<sc. which was llu moll they made 
 by balons. And in the .ifieriioon, the mailer lold live 
 bafons to the i.iine fellow for half an ounce of gold. 
 This iJlow lleiiied to haie been taken by the I'ortu- 
 giiefe, and efcaped from thetalllei for he (aid they 
 wire bad men, and made them (hues if they could 
 take them, putlm;; irons on their legs. Uu tidd tbein 
 alio, ili.it they would hang all the I'reiieh and I'ng- 
 lilli tluy tould take, (wliiih nanus he pioiiounciJ 
 very well i) that there were 60 men in the callle, and 
 that every year a great fliip, ami a fmall taiaval ar- 
 rived thither, and that Don John was at war with the 
 I'ortiiguefe. This encouiagid Mr. 'I'owerfon the 
 miire to go to his town, which lies but foui leagues 
 trom the callle, whence tbi ir men were beaten the 
 lad year. This Negio came on board the ftiip with- 
 out fear, and demanded, why they had not brought 
 back the five men who were taken the year before f 
 He anfwered, that they were in KnglanJ, well ufed, 
 and kept only till they coulil fpeak the language j af- 
 ter which, they (liould be brought again to aflill the 
 Englifli in their affairs here. He then fpoke no more 
 of the matter.' The boats being come on board, 
 they fet fail, and a little after, obfervcd a great fire on 
 land, by the light whereof, they might difccrn fomc- 
 thing white, which they took for the caftlc. Atid for 
 fear of parting beyond the town of Don John, they 
 .mchored two leagues ofl' (hore ; for it is hard to reach 
 .1 town here if a (liip once overflioots it. This day 
 they tank feven pounds and five ounces of gold. The 
 town lieth in a great and very deep bay. The people 
 here defiled moll to have bafons and cloth ; fome, how- 
 ever, would buy trifles, fuch as knives, horns; 
 and fome of the men going on (hore, fold a cap, a 
 d pger, a hat, &c. 
 
 They (hewed Mr. Towcrfon a certain coarfc cloth, 
 which fienied to be made in France j — the wool wan 
 coarle, and the thread fmall as worlled, and (Iriped 
 with green, white and yellow. Several of the peo- 
 ple wore large glafs beads about their necks. 
 
 In the morning of the 8th, the Englifli faw the 
 cadle, but not till they were at Don John's town, on 
 account of a milt which obfcurcd their view. Haul- 
 ing in (hore, they anchored here in feven fathoms. 
 In fome places the land appeared low, In others high, 
 and covered with verdure. The town was but fmall, 
 confifting of about 20 houfcs, moftly incompalTed with 
 a wall about fix feet high, made of reeds or fcdgcs. 
 After waiting for fome time, they fent their boat on 
 fliore, and was informed that Don John, who was gone 
 up the country, would return at fun-let. The pcr- 
 foii who gave this information, received an cU of 
 cloth for his reward. 
 
 A traflic was now began with the natives, though 
 Don John did not rrtuiii at the expedled time. Go- 
 ing on (hole again there came (.ut a boat, with a quan- 
 lityof gold, and after long cliafFering, the meafurc 
 ■ f cloth to be fold was lixcd at three ells wanting a 
 n.-jl, and their weight at all angel and 20 grains ; after 
 wliiih he took a pound and a quarter of an ounce 
 of gold, in the fpace of a quarter of an hour. 
 
 'i'he ra ives having made figns that he (hould (lay 
 till they had parted their cloth, when they would re- 
 turn i but receiving a iiieOa^e tioni the luwii while 
 
 the/ 
 
TO GUINEA AND tH6 JtlAST INDIES. 
 
 3»' 
 
 tlief wen i1iu« pmployil, tliey wavcil their hnri l^ ii> 
 tlic tiittlilli, t'lHiiitymi,', that thoy wiflicil llicni to I.md 
 at the (anv tiim- tli.it ihiy flc>l li> thi- woods with thtir 
 incnhaiiilir..'. Thi-i i uiuluiit n.iturally crcaiihg foiiic 
 riifiiicion, the rnw nviit on buuid the Hind ngaiii, 
 fonic Portui>u(.rc hiiving flicwn thcnifdvcs upon an 
 adjacent lull. 
 
 Ill the nit:iii liinr, Mr. Towcrfon being curiotis to 
 know what tlic Hart done, went tow.irds her in the 
 Hind's boat i nnd when he was luai hir, two pieces 
 ot t annnn were (ired, anil he tiMin law the boat and 
 ficitf' hurryinf; from the fliorc. Beiri'i; come on board, 
 he w.ii told what had happened, and that the goiwls 
 had been delivered to Don John and his I'ons) while 
 they waited for his anfwer, the I'oitugiiefc had rulhed 
 upon them from the hill, which was the occafion of 
 firing their ordnance. This circumftancc obliged 
 them to fail along the coall, after having exchanged 
 fomc fliot with the enemy. 
 
 On the night of the iith, twenty-two boats were 
 perceived running alonj; ftmrc j on whieii account 
 they fet fail on the tith, and Uw feveral towns, many 
 people from which came out, to take a view of them ; 
 but no boats appeared. About four miles from the 
 eaftcrmoft of thefe, fome ncgros came out upon the 
 rocks, waving a white Hag, but the Eiigli(h would 
 not (lay, conceiving thcmfelvesto be m ar the princi- 
 pal place where (having; weathered a point of land) 
 they anchored in five fathoms water, about half a mile 
 from the Ihure. 
 
 They fent out their boat about ten in the forenoon ; 
 but none of the natives would come n(ar them, acir- 
 cumftance which they judged to be oc rafioned by four 
 men having been forcibly carrieil oft' from that part 
 of the coaik the year before. Towaids nii;ht, how- 
 ever, a great number of people came tn the water-fidc, 
 waving a white flag, and their capt.iin came and fnt 
 down under a tree, in fight of tip' (hip. It was not, 
 however, without fome ilifficuliy that any of them 
 were prevailed on to come on boards bv oftering them 
 a prefent for the chief, whom they called theif Grand 
 Captain. 
 
 The Englifh went on ftiorc on the i^th, but hav- 
 ing ftaid till ten o'clock without being met by any 
 body, they made preparations for returning; but the 
 ncgros obfcrving their motions, came down in hallc 
 with a flag, to induce their gucfts to (lay, making 
 figns that their captain would come piefently. Dur- 
 ing this time a finall veflel pafl'ed by, whirh was little 
 noticed by the Ktiglifll, the natives ftill fignifying 
 that their chief would come, and that a free traffic 
 Ihnuld be eftabliflied. And foon after, a man clothed 
 like their captain, appeared, faluted the adventurers 
 in a friendly manner. Then one of the chief among 
 them went and leated himfelf under a tree. Hut a 
 number of thefe people were prcfcntly difcovered in a 
 hollow way, and behind them the Portugiiefe had 
 planted a gun which was fudde:ily fired at them, but 
 over-fllot the mark. 
 
 Hiving met with the Hind on the 14th in the morti- 
 ing, both veflcls turned caliward, and went where 
 the Trinity had been the year before. The maifcr 
 took the Hind, while Mr. Towerlbn remained to try 
 what could be done farther. 
 
 As foon as the ncgros faw one fhip depart, they 
 expcifted the other would follow i in order to prevent 
 which, a boat was fent with four people,- who defired 
 the Englifli would deliver one man into their handsj 
 ofl^cring two pledges for his fecurity. Accordingly a 
 iervant went, and two of the natives were lent on 
 board in his room. Notwitbftanding this friendly 
 intercourfc, three guns were fired at the Englifli, 
 
 Vot. I. N» 28. 
 
 which, as it appeared, were dil"charg.;d by .t Poitu- 
 guife brigantinc. 
 
 The c'lpt.iin came down ilie invt im^ninj; wi'.li 
 100 nui\; Liiid he ami ltver:d o lius bi>.u:,iit lli'.u 
 wives ilciwii 10 llie ftiorc. Hmb tin Kiijjlilll lun- 
 liiiULd tr.ifliikinn for gold ; .md in ilie 23d ii ma 
 other iiegios made figiis th;;! ih y uould (it.ilwilh 
 them. T'o thefe thty mid bill-, llicd-. ;iiul thinibk , 
 .i"d received above two pound, ol ;;old in ixtlian^e. 
 Tne25th they iliCpoli. 1 of f^viii ilu/ 11 of fiiiiill bells, 
 and other things j after wliiih there b..inL' no iiiori; 
 gold to be had, iliey dip irlcd m ItcUMu;, to (Ukthc 
 Hind. Aboui five o'cloik llii-y h.id hglii ot lur, and 
 comin;; tip, undirlVood llu h.ui niaile l.iinr Ir.lis. 
 Next (lay thiy reccivid out of the Hiiiil, 48 pounds 
 ihrte ounces of gold, wlinh Ihe had t;iki n in tlieir 
 .ibleiHC i and at the r^quell ot a iK^'.rn, who canm 
 from the captain, tluy went to (bore with theii iin r- 
 ihandife, and lock feven pounds and oik o'jiici'. At 
 this place the ingros rii)uii.d no gage-, l.ut m the 
 evi:ning fent a boat on bo.ird whitli cintiiiiiid all 
 night, to let the nieicli.ints know, that ihey 
 would alio come the n( .St d,iy. The 27th ihey tunic 
 in both fliips eight pounds our ouiue, tlirce i|uaiti.n 
 ai\d an halt ot gold. Ihe 2Sth the lab was nu.lc 
 for the company, and one pnuiul anil h.ilf an oiincu 
 of gold was taken. The luwt innrning, two guns 
 were heard from fhorc, which tluy judged to be Ihut 
 off either by the I'ortugikle, or ineir nigros, they 
 manned out their boat armal, and went to InnJ ; hut 
 they were gone. The 13111 they made mure (ales fur 
 the company, and the mailer ne,\t d.iy fent the bonts to 
 take in ballad, they met with the ne[;r"S who had 
 dealt wilh the (hips the day before : ihey v.i re filliii.j:, 
 and h.iving no gold, exehani.>iil filli lor h.uvlkcrehaN, 
 helping the men to lo.id the l.iml into iju- b.'.rgain.— 
 On the firll of I'cbruary, rciiKiving to .mother place, 
 they took one pound nine ouiucs, .in.l three (;u.i!- 
 t< rs of gcdd, The 2d they inaile moic lales ; biic 
 finding moft of their (are was very iiulih lenr, 
 they tefidved to (lay no longer on that eoad. The 3d 
 and 4th they made (bine fales, though 11 .t great, and 
 finding the wind to come oil' (hi .r.-, ..m along it weft- 
 wards. Upon this coal! they found, tliat ouiinarilv, 
 about two o'clock in the inorninir, ihc wind comes otF 
 the fliorc, at north noith-eaft, and eontiiuics till eiu.ht 
 in the inorningi and all the reft of the d.iy, and at 
 night it blows from the fo'jih-weft. As for the tidr 
 or current, upon this fliorc, it goes coniinnally with 
 the wind. On the 5th they continiioJ failing, and 
 thought to have met with lome Kngli(h fliips b"t did 
 not. Next day they fleered Ibuth-well, to form un- 
 der the land, and nn 24 leagues. The 13th they 
 thoiight tliemfelves, by their reckoning, to be clear 
 of Cape das Palmas, and ran 12 leagues. Con- 
 tinuing their courfe, the 29th they found themfelves 
 in 22 degrees. This day VV'iMiam King, one of the 
 Hart's men, who had been long ficU, died in his 
 fleep. His cloaths were diftributcd to tliofe that 
 wanted them, and his money kept to be delivered to 
 his friends in England. On the 30th they were un- 
 der the tropic ; and next day made eighteen leagues, 
 failing on till the 20th of April, they then found 
 themfelves in the latitude of the Azores. The 7th of 
 May, they fell in with the fouthirrn part of Ireland ; 
 and going on Ihorc, had frefh drink, and two fhecpof 
 the country people, who were wild Ker:ies, with 
 fuch other vid^uals as they judged would fervc them 
 till they arrived in England, for which they gave 
 them gold. On the 14th, with the afternoon's tide, 
 they ca(t anchor in the port of Briftol called Kinjj- 
 road. 
 
 
 4-'0' 
 
 T Hi 
 
 .'jiiMi'4 
 
I a- 
 
 f 
 
 ■ 
 
 :^6 
 
 THE S E C O N Q^ VOYAGE O !• Mr. T O \V E R i> O X 
 T HE COAST O [■ C I' I N E A. 
 
 r o 
 
 'I"' HE (h'';n employed In i)iis voyn^o, wcrr, tlu- 
 X .'l"v;;i'i ot' l.iimli.n, AJiiiir.il, <il tic Inns, 
 Mr. 'rowoiion ci>mni.i\i!t'r ; the 'Li';, ol' J,iim!i),i, 
 Oc ton«, Jdliii Skiri', c.iptam j anJ :i I'lni.ice ol 16 
 tuiH, fohn D.ivi-, c<i|ii.iiii. I luy i.iuiiil I'.iik 
 vsnli iliuii ilii; iiLj'icv. uhali h.iJ Wxi\ bri)iij;lit by 
 (uitc I'loin (iiiiiicu two vi-ars bilnrc, :is iiuMiroinil 
 in till' roni\fr \ yj^e. < )ii tlio i.^tli ot ^iiiicnibi r, 
 leyi, llu' 1) .'u- liLjurtol iViMn H.ir\i'li.'li (cT the Ilk' 
 <>t Scillv, lu iiH.t the lluri .111,1 piniMCf, uliiili 
 wcw ii::niil ai, i v icluulli'J iU Brillol j (he .iiiiM.il 
 tlu'ir the aHtli, but thf) were not euine ; ;ii>.l .ilur 
 «.iitiMj; lor tlii.iii (cvcral day*, iiiurneil tv) I'Kniouib 
 llu Mi\\ (.t (Klob.r. At I M^th they jomil lur, 
 .i:i(l tlie 1 ct'i ol Novcmli'-l all Jep.irteJ lo.jetlui iVimii 
 l-'lvrni/iiih ai oiie (i'tl..tli in the ni'ti 1 noon. Diiilie 
 .;:iih, ih, y had r^lit of the ille 1 I I'orti) Santo i and 
 11 Xt day, in the r.uirniii!,, ol' .Mad.ir.i. t)a the jd 
 ol 1) ftiiibiT, lliey fJI in uiih the Illeof IVdmn, and 
 the (,lh \ve;e thw.ot ai C.ipe lil.inio, and Iciiind th.re 
 r. ir.iui rar.u■al^ rn-ployed in tilbing. On the iQlh, 
 llicy I'oiMld tiieiiifelvis in tlie height of Sierr.i I,uon.i, 
 and all tbiMl.iy r.m tlnv.irt f^f ceriaiii coiienK, which 
 1. 1 weft-lbuih-wij!, I'o l'«lrt .n il it had liecn the 
 ov rt'all of a land ; makiiiii .1 i"ejt niile likeatln.ini 
 01 Ibiod-;: ife, wlun tlicwaiir is Ihoal ; v.l thiy could 
 luid no ^r.jiind uiih 15.! I.iilionis. On th ■ ;;'ih, 
 t.i.y till in Willi ih- Coatl of liuinea, wliiJi I'.i-y 
 d^lc.'Vered about l.'iir Icj^'ik., oil'. 'I'lie view coii- 
 -.lited ot three lull*, xyhicli lay north-e.dKby-eall 
 fioni them i .Tiid bet*i.\t the two northerniolf, 
 Were t.»o i;reat iices : and a little nuiie to the 
 1101 th Well cerl.uM hummock'.. — ILivini; failed fome- 
 V ait into (liore, they judged iliey were fliot a little 
 beyond the river |)e Sello-, and looked hout to letch 
 it, A liule after tluy faw ihree fail of fliip-, and 
 t\y.) pinnaces in the wcntiier <d' them, roid ni.ide ready 
 lo nu'et th;ni, li; iiln^ otV the (liip* to ^ain the wind 
 as near a^ they could. " llavin;; lail-d about an hiin 
 or two, they alio tacked about, and went the fiMie 
 coiirfe to make tlieinfihes reaily ; thin the I'.n.lilh 
 rhaciii^ them, they maile ott ; '.■a wii.n liiey lud j.iit 
 thciiiiiiets in order, thev tacked about ii-V'^Hj and 
 came up ycrv linely appointed with their llreameis, 
 |M''ul,ints, (iiii.;ns and the nolle of triimpU', very 
 bravely. — When botli flcc:s me:, they had the w.a- 
 thcro'fcurs, which beinj; detitnoncd to Mjiht, «aved 
 lb in to tome under tb.eir lie. This they ftoully 
 refuliir^ tlie Mn;'brn demanded of them whence they 
 Were r they fald <.l l-'raiice ; and beini; told our fliips 
 were of London, tli.y aHced wli.it Portn;4uefe fliijis 
 \vc had f en ? 'l"he anfwer was none but filhermen. 
 Tluy laid, there were certain Porti'^u '.c fliips j',one 
 to the .Miiu to defind i', and that they nut with 
 another .:t llie river Scftos of 2(Xj ti>ns which tncy 
 li. d burneil, havin;; f..vid mme but tiie mailer, two 
 i/r ihric P.;(;ro', iiid .1 fevv others, uriev oiifly burned, 
 whom iliey left on Ibii there. The ninies of the 
 Ihips we:; the Klj. -iu, of Flah'uKlV, Admir.il, 
 
 Deni-. 1: 
 
 Jell, Caj, 
 
 the Loiiricrc, of Ko.in, 
 
 Vic; AJmiial, Jetonic IJ.iudet, M-iftir; the third 
 W..S of Honfleur ; the .\l.ilh r Calb d John de Orl ,111!,. 
 The captain of the admir:;l, and I'enral others came 
 on board oi;r fliips in a friendly manner ; iKliriiiL' we 
 would keep them conipany, bicaufe of the I'oriii- 
 "iiif.-, and to go to th." Mina with thcni. '1 he 
 rni;lilh t.ilJ them, they had not watered, and w re 
 ju(t fallen wilh tlie coafV. They made it .^pri Mr, 
 that iliey v.'irc fifty lea;/ues beyond the river De 
 Sellosi yet laid, there wa-. water eiiou^li to be bad, 
 
 .liul proiiiikd to lielp tl.e-r. to.it witli ihtir own boatv, 
 bccaule they ». o dilirinis to have iheir (unipanv. 
 They declared l..ilher, tital they bad been lix vycik* 
 upon the roalf, iind had i-ottcn but three Ions of 
 gr.nns amop^ tnein all. The l,nt;lilli wvi^died lhi« 
 piopoful ; ihi y coiilidcrid that if tlie Minatoall wa« 
 ile.ir, thi- Kreiieh would Ipoil tliiir maii.et, in c.ilis 
 lb, y went there before tluiii 1 and that, if it w.is not 
 ele,n,andlhe IViiu iicle fli uild take them, they would 
 undciltand ili.it they were iKiiind, and (o lie in wait 
 for llieni. I'hi \ l.iitber conlideied that in cafe they 
 went with ihem, they (liould fare as tbiir own coai- 
 p.inions, if the coall WIS ilcar i and that if it weio 
 not clear, tlv y \eould lie lure to be llion^er than tlio 
 l'orlu;;iiele. I'pon thi I'e conlidcralions, tiie I'.nglifh 
 told them, that the iu.\t day they would confer iiioro 
 iirijely of ilie in ilt.r. W lureupou they defnid Mr, 
 I'owcrfoii to come next day to dinner with ihrm, 
 and to bring \yitli him the mall is of the fliips .ind 
 fiich merchants as he (lioul 1 think fit ; olRriii;^ to 
 j^ive them \\ater <uit of ila-irown (hips." 
 
 On the jilt, in the inorniii;.;, the adn.iral haviii;' 
 fent his boats on board the 'I'ygcr, .Mr. I'ovvef foil took 
 Ihe mailers with fome of ihe merchants, and wtiH 
 to him. He bad pioyided a good banquet, and 
 treated them yery friendly. Me renewed bis reijuell 
 to keep him c.uiipajiy, promifing llum half of tho 
 viefuals, oruhaicver elfe they fancied 011 board lii» 
 fliips thr(nii;bout the voyage; and ofi'eiing even lo 
 lull his Hag.', an. I be at their command in every 
 thing. In the end, they aj^rccd toconic to an anehor 
 with one of his piniiacis, .-.nd an almaide, wbicl; 
 they had liioiiglit out of I'laiice lo licit water. As 
 for their own pinnace, flie anchored out at lea, and 
 would not come near tluin. 
 
 The boats uturncd on the firft of J.muary, witli- 
 out finding any river. On which thiy let (ail, ami 
 came at lciif:th toarivir; going Into which next 
 day, thiy barg.ined and took live fmall cltphaiita 
 teeth. On the ^^, they look five more. On tho 
 4th, the I'"reneii ..dniir.d aiul they, look fifteen (mall 
 teetli. This il.iy tliey went to leek elephants, with 
 thirty men well-armed, with liariiuebuires, pikcf, 
 long-bows, crols-bow>, pailizans, long fvyords, 
 
 and bucklers, Tiiey Imiiid two, which they 
 
 hit fever.d times with haniUibulTes and long-bows, 
 but they went away, and hurt one of the men. On 
 the 5th, they fet fail, and ran along the coaft, Tho 
 faih, they fill in with the River dc San Andre i to 
 the weft of which there is a high land, and a fair 
 nay. Next day they went in and (bund no village, 
 but wild nigrovs, not accuftomcd to trade. It is a 
 very great river, and is feyen fathoms deep in fome 
 places at the entrance ; liavirg taken in water, ihcy 
 fet fail. On the Sth, they proceeded along fhorc, 
 and came to the red cliffs, and went fonv aid next day 
 alio. On the lotb, they confcrrtd with Captain 
 lilundell, admiral of the rieiich fliips; Jeroino 
 Haudet, his virc-admiral j John dc Orleans, mafter 
 of a (hip of feienty Ions ; and their n crchaiits. It 
 was auieed, that 10 whatever place they rarnc, ihey 
 Ihould be of one mind, and not hurt each others 
 market; to whitli end, fome of thiir boats ihoiilj 
 fettle the price for all, and then one boat make fail 
 for each fliip. 'I'his niiiht iheir biats going to fliore, 
 met with certain r.e;^ros, who laid that they l^.d ynld, 
 and thcivl. lie they would call anchor. — On the 11th, 
 they took but one b ilf an;;cl weight of four grains, 
 allthed.iy, which they I'eilt for by hand; for the . ,. 
 people of this pl.ice, called Allow, lud no weights.' ' 
 
 Pa 
 
TO G U I N F. A AND T JI E . F. A S T I N D J M 8. 
 
 H»JI 
 
 AU«w. 
 
 On the mil, runniii); iiliin« ihi' cult, tlicy tmiiiil 
 only line Idwii ; liiit no tiii.it< woiiKI loii.c I'liI ol il, 
 and tliuiilDrc liny «iiu on. (Jii tlu' I jlh> Mi- 
 TowiTfon wint .lioiij; the coall in hi-. I'oiit, ami 
 ILiiniif; by I'cvti.il I'jii ill to'\ns wi'i w.ivcd to l.iiul .ii 
 tlirir ijlatcs 1 luil tin- ii.i b^a I i lil,'li miun iIil- (hoic, 
 that It was nut |ioiniil.', n.itliir I'liilil thi; in'^ms 
 liavi ronu- to liiiii, il' tlicy hail liail bu.its, loi hi 
 i:ouM (tc nriiK' lint at i.ii<' pl.ii'i;. There a biat vcii- 
 liiri'il out, but wa» over- lit by tin' violtiiiu- of ilic 
 lurf, and oiu- ol the nun Jrowiitil ; lor vvllich 
 miloitiiiK- tin- juoplc ma L' I'lih loud lanRiitations, 
 that llic Kijlilli could lalily luar iIkiii. 'I'lu-y ;;<'i 
 Ills body out of thLliM, aniiiairicd it to tliiir town. 
 t)n the 141I1, tluy caini' svithiii .;im-lhot ot tlu-callli-, 
 fiiiin whiiuc an alm.iidi- was ininicdiiiti ly lent out to 
 obllrvc thoni i and ivrttiviir; ihiy ui.ri. iiol I'o.tii- 
 P,n)^. ,|j Mi. giicfi-, lan b.ick to tlu: town a^.iiii ; lor there is a 
 iia, aii.l Dim- ureal town by the cadle, i-.ilh.d by the negros 
 Jim. D^ndou. Without thiv then: liis two ^reat roik. 
 
 like iflaiids, ami the c.illle Hands upon a point, wliich 
 app'.-ars alinoll like an illaiul. Five or (ix liaj^uts, 
 before thiy lime to tli • lallle, the 1 iiul was liighi 
 uiid low fur about iLVeii Kagie.s befoie thiy came to 
 it, and then they IoumI tlic land hij;li a;.viin. 'I'liis 
 rallle (lands above five leagues to the eall of Cape 
 'I'rts Funtin. Here Mr. Toweiloii wiiit in the 
 boat with his iiegros, and ran along the fliore, as 
 far as the tape, and found two fniall towns, but no 
 boat at them, nor any traflie to be had. Here his 
 negroes underftood the people well ; one of th.ni 
 tailed (JeorLie went alhnre at all the places, and wa. 
 well received. Next d.iy he «cnt aloiiy the ihore, 
 and about three leagues beyond ihe calkrnioft part li 
 ihc cape, ran into a good bay, and found a fniall 
 town and fome bo.iis beiiiiigintj, to it ; but the natives 
 for a long time would not tome out. At la(^, by the 
 perfuafloM of his negro's, one boat came, v\ith which 
 he fent George alhore ; and alter he had talked to 
 them, they approached the boats without fear. IJe 
 gave their captain a bafnn, and two ((rings of marga- 
 rets ; and they Cicwed him about five ducats weigh 
 of gold, but- i|uired fo much for it, that he would 
 not take it. becaufe tlio J^'reiieh and Knglilh had 
 agreed to fettle the price of goods all in one boat; 
 after which, every man was to fell in h;s own boat. 
 This place is called Uulle : and here the inhabitants 
 were very glad to fee the negros il, .; einie v.ii'i him ; 
 and flieweil them all the friendlhip they tould, wlien 
 they foun<l they were the men, who had been taken 
 away, and were now brought back again. Here the 
 boats were informed, that a month helore two fliips 
 attacked one, and put it to flight, and tli.it a little 
 before one I'rciieh fliip, being met by lour PorluL^iicfe 
 made them fliear off. J'his they took to be the Ro>v- 
 barge ; for the French, who were in company. 
 judged her to h;'vc b'cn there about that time, with 
 lier pinnace. 'I'hey !;ii.I alio, tliat after her, went 
 firft a fliip of 240 tons, called the Shaudlt ; and then 
 another of lighiv, both bnuiul for the Alina; and 
 that they hail |oll one at Cape Verde, called the 
 Lourierc of UicjKie, and another at the River de 
 Sedos. — On the idth, Mr. 'I'owerlon went along 
 the (hore, with two of th<? Krench pir.naces, and 
 found u bay and river ; after which they went to the 
 Huu town, town calleil liaiiia, twelve leagues beyiuid the Cape, 
 Here his negros were well known, the people weeping 
 for joy v^'h.n they faw them, and alked where Antony 
 and Uinne were ; the others told them they were at 
 London in Knglaiid, and (hould be brought home 
 the next voyage. After this, the native negros came 
 aboard with them, and brought a weight which was 
 fu finall, that they could not give them half their 
 demands. 'l"hcy informed the boats, thr.t there weie 
 five (hips at the calUe, and one pinntct ; that the 
 Portut^u I".- did much harm to their country, and that 
 they lived in fear of them : but weic v. ry glad 
 when the Kn.ijilh told them, that they would Ueltnd 
 tliein from tliofe diilurbers. On the lyth, ihcv 
 went oi> fUuic along w ilh the French^ but did no great 
 
 lod, tlio n;groi wcic f" iinuafonahle, Pi. rt 
 parting, they came to cli.inm.a, ^i.vo Ua^u . 
 beyond; ,iiid Willt iiitithcriui will fiv. [vy.i'x w 1' 
 iipp'iint.d wiih nii'ii .mil ordiMin e, under fi.Miiid >•! 
 trumpets and dium. i U-t they I'.eii^ht her . to ii.'Ve 
 f'iUiid loine i'liriiuiiift, but di- i.i.l. Alter fs.i liii^ 
 tluir iiej'ros on llpire, li.\n.,l i.f thvin lolluwed, .md 
 iete viiv well rii'.u'wd; till nativss Weie dveiju;, . 1 
 to fee tlu ir louiiiryn.in i.g.in, ilpecially a bioih i'l 
 wife of Mill, and ,iii aunt of .'.llCiiiu'. Ill fle ri, .dl 
 ill.' people lliew.J a> iiiutli f'.ndmfj fm' thun as i! 
 ihey had b en their omi bn'.h'eii. Tlu' Fn^liili 
 eoinforti d ilie captain, and ti Id liiiii, tliiy laid ml 
 fear tl'..- I'oituguefe, for they would diliiid him from 
 iliem ■ htiiiijion lliey ordeiid thiii bo.'ts 10 fll'i t I'lf 
 llieii b.il':- ;;nd ha; ii'iiLiili' -, 'I'luy Tkiwif.: cuilid 
 iheir 111' n to land with ih.ir I' ;i^ b le.s, and lho,>! 
 b-l'ore the capiaiii and Ins peojilei V Iri Wire n.m 11 
 I'urpiilid, elpetia'ly to fee ihim /li^ot fi' far a> ih >■ 
 did, ai.d tried i> draw their bow, but could n 'i . 
 ^Vh.n it grew lite, they dep.irled to their flilps, 
 for they luoktd every hour fur the I'orluguel'e, Hiie 
 the iiegros gave tiiem to un.lerMa.id, that tlu'te w.is 
 an Fii;,lini fhip at tiie Miii.i, whiih had hroujit miw' 
 ol the negros again, whom Ri Ivrl (lainfh loik auay. 
 On the iSih, thiy went into the livi r villi no leis 
 llrcnglh than before ; and tj;'.eUided v.iih the negri s 
 to give thi.m for every fiift'c, te.o yards and three nails 
 
 of tloth, and to take for it 
 
 iigii 
 
 and a 
 
 ilur.it i th.y tcuk in all fevmtv diieats, ot which the '"'»'• f- 
 I'r^/Kli h. Ill forty, and the Kiiglifli lliiity, On the 
 iijili, they wtiit adiore, every man lor himfilf, and 
 took a good (|uantity of gold ; Mr. I ovieifuii Im his 
 own p.irt, took fiur pound tuo ounces ,\\\i\ ,\ half of 
 gold i andlheHail'j boat iweiuy one ounces. At 
 iiiglit the negros gave ihim to uiidii 11 iiid, that the 
 iKxl day the I'ortiigiiefe would be wiili them h)- I.ukI 
 or lia ; and when tl.e boats were ready todipart, tluy 
 heard hanjuebiiir.s (hoot olr' in the wo' ils, which 
 ihey knew to be the i'ortuguel'', who did it to frighten 
 them, and make them give over their tuil;e, but durll 
 not venture nearer themfiKes. On the icih, the 
 Kiiglifli inanni.d their live boats, and a gre;;! boat of 
 the Fitneli, Willi their and the ndmiral's nun, 
 'i'welve of them had on tb.eir corllets, and the 
 relt were all well armed) tlure w:.ie alfo lour 
 trumpets, a drum, and a fife, and the boats wen,' 
 .idorned with filk fhcaniers and pendants, ja 
 this Older they went into the riv.r .ind trafHekcd ; 
 their men of war lying ofl' and on in the rivi r to waft 
 them J but they heard no more <.f the I'ortuguefe. 
 This day the ncgios told them tli.it fonu- (hips wtie 
 arrived at Hanta. 
 
 On the 2 ill the Englifli m.innrd their boats, and 
 went to a plate a liaguc to the wellward, and then; 
 found many negros with another captain, and fold at 
 the fame rate they had dealt with the others. The 
 22d they went on Ihore again, and trafficked quietly ; 
 Mr, Fouerfon taking four pounds fi.\ ounces of gold. 
 
 eoM 
 
 On the 2 i 
 
 with tlieir cap 
 
 , about nighl, th. lugrn 
 tain, came and told them, that the king of I'ori'u 
 
 nigni 
 
 il then 
 gal's fliips had failed from the c idle, with a dellgn the 
 ne.\t day to ply up to the w indwaid, and tome to 
 them, warning them to be on iheir guard. They 
 told them, that they were vc.y glad of ihcir coming, 
 and would be ready at at all times to meet tluii!. 'I'o 
 let them fee they were (eiious, they foundul their 
 trumpets, and fhot oft" ("ome guns, at wliith the 
 negros rejoittd, and intrtated them to f.ill on the 
 Portuguele \vithout mercy, if they oftercd to hinder 
 their tiainc, promifing, if they came by land to give 
 them notice. On the 24tli they went on flinre with 
 their t.-umpets and drums, and tiafiiektd j the cap- 
 t.in of the town that day dining witli Mr. 'I'o.vcrfon. 
 Till next day, while their boats weie on fliore, the (hip 
 d^l'criid five fail of the Portugueic ; and havin;^ fhot 
 if their ordnance to call them away, they threw every 
 man his ca(k on fliore for water, and returned : but by 
 that time they had weighed and given out orders^ it 
 was dark, 'i'hcy fet fail, and lay clofe all nij^ht to 
 
 get 
 
 1 
 
■-»i> 
 
 3M 
 
 1556 
 
 !! 
 
 VOYAGES OF t F? E E N O I, I ;; It 
 
 j^f t the wind if they roiilil, and mnkc thrmrilvri rcmly 
 ioi the fi);ht. 'I'lu' Ty'cr coming r"- <r fomc of llicni, 
 one llioti tf a giiii, wliuh thryjiiilj; ; to hi- llif I'nt- 
 tiij'.ucfc aJinirjl, for the ri-lt of liis fleet to romr up 
 and fpcak with him. 'I'hc j'jili, the En[>lilh ftiipH 
 loming in with thdhorr, had fight of the l'oitiii;iRMf, 
 where they rid at aniluir, and hore with them. I hcv 
 
 Save all their men white fcarf'i, that the Krenth mi;',ht 
 ilHn);uifl> one frnm the other, if it eamc to hoard- 
 ing ; howevir, iiinht coming on they louhl nut fitch 
 ihcm i hilt they continued within a denii ciilverin 
 flut of thini. " F'he J7th they weichcil, a« did the 
 Portiiivicfe, and about fevcn o'l lock, (fayjoiir author) 
 gotthewindof them, which, whin the iiieinypcrceivtil, 
 thry tacUd ah'uit to ftiorc again, and our (hips after 
 thiiii. \Vlun they were fo near the (hore, that they 
 could not well run any farlhi.r that way, thiy tackid 
 shout ai;ain, and hiy to the K'ewaid. Our fliips 
 tacked at the f.iiiie time, hein:; a-hcad of thiin, took 
 in thiir tupfails, and waited for them. 'I'lie firlt that 
 came up was a Iniall hark, whiih carried p,i«>'l ord- 
 nance, aiul (ailed fo well, ihat (he valiiid iiobodv. 
 She (hot at the '('jner, hut ovtifliot her, and ihm 
 let fly at the . 'miral of the h'renili, and (hot him 
 tluou^h in two or three placc<. Atter this, (he went 
 ■-head of the !• '';;ri(h, becaiife they were in their 
 fightinp fails. 'Chen came up another caraval, under 
 the 'l'y;;cr'!> lee, and (hot both at hir and the French- 
 man ; (he hurl two of hi* men, and (hot him through 
 the mainniaff. Next came up their admiral under the 
 Ice of the Tyger alfo ; hut he was not able to do them 
 lo much harm as th'' fmall (hip^, becaufe he carried liis 
 ordnance higlier . neither was the Tyj;er able to make 
 a good (hot at any of them, breaufe (lie was (ii weak 
 in the fide, that (lie laid lill her nun-, under water. 
 Mr. Towerion therefore refolvid to lay thi' jreat (hip 
 a-board : hut as foon as the French adn:iral went 
 room with him, he fell a-ftern, and could not fetili 
 him, After that befell bihind two caravah more, 
 and in (hort could fetch none of them, hut fell to lee- 
 ward of them all ; and ticking .about to the (hore, 
 left the Engl ifli to (liit't for themfelves. 'I'he other 
 two F'rencliinen kept the w ind alfo, and would not ad- 
 vance. The Hart was a-llcrn, fo that flie could not 
 come up to them. For all this the Tygcr boiitcd hir 
 lop-faiN, and gave the enemy chace ; and after (he 
 h.id followed them iwo hours to feaward, they tacked 
 about again towards (hore, thinking to hit her as 
 they went by, and to get the wind of the French ad- 
 miral j (lie tacked about with them, and kept (lill 
 the ind i but continued to the Fwiglifh (hips, 
 .ns well as the F'rench, run to feaward, and left her 
 in the lurch. She palTcd flill along, and kept the 
 wind of them to fuccour the French admiral, who 
 was under all of their lees. Being come up with him, 
 cverv one gave him a brcad-fidc : after which they 
 tacked about again, and durft not board him, bccaule 
 they faw the Tvger in the weather of them ; other- 
 wile, without doubt, they would have taken or funk 
 liim : for the three fmalleft went lb fa(t, that it was 
 not poffihle for a (hip to bo.-rd them ; and carried Inch 
 ordnance , that if they had had the weather-fpi;?, they 
 would have gauled three of the bcft (hips in tfie con- 
 federate fl( i-t. As for their admiral and vice-admiral, 
 they were both well appointed. When the French- 
 men were clcirof them, he lavas near the wind as he 
 could i and feeing the Tygcr Bill follow them towards 
 the (hore, ran to fca after the reft, and left her all 
 alone. The Portugucfc perceiving this, turned about 
 with her, and (he with them, fo keep the wind, 'un- 
 ning (lill within bafe-(hot of them ; but tl.ty inot 
 n-itathcr, becaufe fhc had the weather of them, and 
 faw that they could do her no hurt. Thus they fol- 
 lowed one another till night, and then (he (hot them ; 
 as for all the reft of the fliips, they crowded all the 
 fails they could, and ran to lea, praying for the Ty- 
 ger, I's they confelTed, which was all the help they 
 defignrd her. 
 
 " On the 28th (he met with the vice-admiral, the 
 pinnace) and two of the Frenclimen i the third, which 
 
 WIS the Roiin (hip fif Ho tons ««• fled ileiir ofT: Rfr, 
 'I'owerlon went in the (Vifl', ro know w hy thry left 
 hi'n in fiieh a niiiiner. Nkiu»'» exiufc w •', thiii hit 
 (hinwnuld lint (tcrr ; and as l.ir tli4> pmnuv, l)ini 
 fail! (hr woiilil do nothini", aiul lint lu-eoiil,l ciiriv h' r 
 no farilu-r, for her iiiddn wa« (o (li.nrrud, tliit tin; 
 Hart wai forcid In tow her. 'fiuii (n- went tci ii'U 
 Frrneh ailmiral, whom he foiind t 1 be a m:'n of ,1 u- 
 ra:»e, but one-h ilf of bis men were fiek and leml : the 
 Im.iller l''ienehin,in laid, liew.iH.in the l.o'i ioiiili;i,,p, 
 and lli.it his (liip would be.ir no f.\il : fo tint he \vjs 
 not ablctodoanv thirtir. .Atier thii, the Fieneh dinll 
 not anchor, for (ear of ihi l'oitu"ur|c, Tlie ji^ili ibc 
 marter of the pinnicc erne to iiil hem, tli it they inri! 
 not able to keep her anv longer, her riid.l'i, wiili all 
 the iron wr^rk, b.in;^ hrrken, both -ilolt .oiil lielou. 
 It was then tore gret I to liitak her up, .111 I pnt ihi- 
 men into the H.irt. Ilnin;; t.iken our <•! her four 
 bafes, oneamhor, and cii tain fiii Wood, thev f ; her 
 on fire, and affrisards ran along the coalk. — Tho 
 joth, thev an in (hore, and fjiokc with ecri«iii 
 nrgriKv, ' .10 told them, ihnf loiiie I'rcnili (hip* had 
 been there; but their was no de.ilinjj with tli rn, liny 
 were 10 unreafoiiabh . Next il y Mr. TowMionwent 
 a(hore, hut did not 11 illiek. 'I'hc i(t 01 F'l bru.iry, 
 feeing they could not liiing the negroes to any rtaloii, 
 they wei ;hcd, and came to anoilicr place fl iiidlijg on t 
 hill. The jd d.iy he went to a town (our leagite* 
 from them, ,-nd (nonlinpolF two pii-ee«, the caplnin 
 came; who being known to I'honias Uippon, he was 
 feiit to (liore. As foon as he landed, he was remem- 
 bered by the capt.iin, and divers of the ne;'roi-», v/ha 
 afked for .Mr. Toweif m ; and In inp lolil il',af he wa» 
 in the boat, the thief immediately taul'ed two hoal.s to 
 put to fea, and feeing .Mr. Towerfon at a didance, 
 called out to him, and fcemed to be very happy on the 
 occafioii, fo did all the company who knew him. He 
 made him a prefent, aeeoiiling to the cullom of the 
 country, and caiifid the Frenchman to do the fame, 
 proniiling to treat with him the next d.iy, That night, 
 ir.caiife it was late, be would not talk of any price, 
 luit left a pledge, and took anotlier of Mr. Towtjfon. 
 The 4th, going on (hore, h. found that the (hips of 
 I'rance, which had V.ci 11 there, had done miuhhurrto 
 the markets : y.t took five ounces and a h.-'lf of gold. 
 I'hr 5th he took ei;ht ounces, and i-8ih p.Tit of 
 gold ; but oblerving, that the negroes perceived iha 
 difTerence betwixt the F;ngli(h and the French cloth, 
 which was better and broader, he loKl Capt. Blundel, 
 that he wouM go to leiwaid, becaufe he found he 
 could do no good svhen his cloth w:;s (old, at wdiieli 
 Blundel Was concerned. On the 6th, there came an Al- 
 made and negroj aboard, reqiiefling him to go to their 
 town, where tl. y faid there was inuehgidd, and many 
 merchants. He went, and found their old captain 
 gone, and another in his place; but the merchants 
 not being come down, they did lu^tlnng that night 
 but give pledges. On the 7th, (1 -crgc the negro 
 came to him, having followed them ar lea(t 30 leagues 
 in a fmall boat. \V'hen he came, the negros antl 
 the Englifli foon concluded about the price ; and Mr. 
 Towerion took this day live poiuuls one ounce and 
 three quarters of gold, This Negro, who hail be<-l\ 
 left at Shamma at the time of the fight, (aid, that he 
 (aw the adion from (hore ; that when our (hips went 
 away, the Porttiguefe came to tlieir ri\er, and told 
 them the Englifh had flain two of their men with a 
 cannon ; (this (hot from the "F'ygr r) and that they re- 
 quired harbour there ; but the captain of the Shamma 
 would not fuft'er them ; and now they took many 
 pounds of gold. On the nth came Jernni llaudet, 
 vice-admiral of the French, and his pinnPce, faying, 
 that where they left them, ther." was no i^ood to ho 
 done, and therefore he would go to the cafiw.ird ; hut 
 they told him he (hould nor, and comniandid him to 
 go to his company, which he was apjiointcd 10 ba 
 with. 'I'his he refuted to do, tilT three or four (hot 
 were made at the pinnace ; and when the (hip faw 
 that, they both tacked »bout, and ran to fea. Th« 
 F^nglilh took this day, one pesunj livi. ounces. The 
 
 uth. 
 
 ;iir;. 
 
T () O IM N K A AND T II K EAST I N I) I K S. 
 
 Pi 
 
 rt to 
 Id. 
 It of 
 d the 
 
 lolll, 
 mlcl, 
 .1 he 
 wliii'li 
 nAt- 
 ilitir 
 many 
 (itaiti 
 haiin 
 night 
 nc-ro 
 ;ucs 
 and 
 .1 Mr. 
 re ami 
 i licetx 
 that he 
 IS went 
 nd told 
 with a 
 hey rc- 
 hamina 
 many 
 naiulct, 
 fayiii;', 
 1 to he 
 hilt 
 him to 
 d lo b:! 
 itr (hf>t 
 lip (aw 
 The 
 The 
 wth. 
 
 -.1; 
 
 llth, there came ftne of the iMcnih pinnaces liulrii 
 fvith eloih, 4nil wimiKI h.ivi.' ii .iilt. a lah , hiil Mr. 
 Tuwrhin u'liiKI nor lulfii loin, luul li luiinu linti 
 on h<Mril I hi' ih I Pi i.mUiI hm) to riile ih re .in il.iV' 
 '1 hey loik live (i^'Uiiil hx ouiiiiA an.l a h.ill ol '^xU \ 
 Rn>l mxi J.iv hnir iiiinu-^ rmm- 1>( fiMiiene(rio«. Oiiihi- 
 bth, l)\i'y i.inie tn iimthir town I ""I ""<' Jay Mr. 
 Towerlon ^;'lill■; on Ihote, uniliiUiioilih.it thuc ol 
 Ihc Port mule (hi|>'« wire at the rillh', ami iheolhit 
 two at ."^luihoia. The ea|iiain, ulio w;i- i;oMr t' 
 (pialc with ihi' kinj;, on hi^ irmin hi on Jit a >v' ighi 
 and a inraliiri: (o the nnti hints i and Mi. Towerlon 
 feni a man to the km;;, and to th'- |Miiui|i,il tovMi. 
 
 'IdiL ii.itivn now bcj.vin to trade with ihiir j^n ll>, 
 who at iiu.iintrtl iIk km,^ hy inririv, that tin y *antiil 
 prcnifidi-. Till- inelh n^' r» wi IV ni v well n-et iicd 
 hy th.it pi 111(1-, wh'il.- n.im ■ was Ahim, and he lent 
 wor.l that he had hut liltlr rold, lui; if thiy vviilil 
 Ihiy lit would find (or loiv ji iho country i headdvd, 
 tli.it thiy niif;ht th n hnd viiit lor their wans ill geni - 
 rail but as tu cloth, ihc French had overlkockfd thi 
 market. 
 
 Our voya;;rr thus did ribes this town. — " It 
 ftaii Is about four leiisues within l.itid, and appi-ared 
 m big as London, (in the yar |i;s'') but ihr hiiiid- 
 in|>s were no bttii r thin in other pi ices. Th'-r wa» 
 abundance of that eountiy loin in the iieii;liliour- 
 hood. On one lide ol the town were emiiput d 
 about 1000 ricks of wheat, and anothrr fort ol corn 
 called mill, (millet). Strict watch was kept then 
 every niLht, and they h.id cords with hlls to thim, 
 ftrctrhed acnds the w 11 th It led into the town j fo 
 that if any one ttnulud the coril«, the bells ran'^r, 
 and then the watchinen lun to lee whiitn rhey wiie. 
 If they were enemies and palled the couN, they took 
 tlieni by letting; (all nets hung for th.l purpofe mer 
 the road«, which they wereoblij'ed to pali, and thi re 
 was no gritinj{ fithi rwil'e to the town, by realiin of 
 th.' thickets and bndie^ .iliich were aliniit it ( it w i> 
 ;ill'o walled round with lonn colds, bound together 
 with Itdje and b.irk of tiees." 
 
 [This town (inns to have h'.'en a pl.i.c called 
 Cjuaiti-, which however was by no nie;ins lo bii; as 
 London in IS5'>. 'he nets an. I •■;. !ls of cords, 
 if the natives reallv iilrd fuch niiid h:ive been but a 
 poor defence indeed j but we have given the padage 
 US it Uood, as it ih not cettain what place it meant 
 in th" original.] 
 
 Al rhistoAn the En;.;Iifti arrived about five in the 
 morning, travelling by night, in order to avoid the 
 heat. The king fent for lliein three limes, and 
 would not receive their prcl'ent, till the Lilt time of 
 their attendance. 
 
 " After this, fays our author, he caufed a pot of 
 palm wine to be brought, and madi- them drink. 
 Threughout the country, before they drink, they ufe 
 (X-rtain ceremonies ; firit th.y make a hole in the 
 
 ground, and put fonirof ihi' lit|uorinto it) th«n they 
 e4l( ilie earlli upon it whuh they dug util b l'<i.'< 
 I his dune, ihey U( the pot on It, and Hllh a lit .!u 
 
 > up iiiadi like a ).>ourd, l.ike out loine ol the drink, 
 an. I lay it on the ground in fini.il plans. In ni.iij 
 jiaits till y have ecilain lir. lilt lies ol p.iliii fet in tin.' 
 larth Ik lore them ) and thcie th.y pur in loirie drink, 
 doing |.;ri at reviience eyi ry whin to lliili' ttus. 
 
 I'lir ei iiiiii'iiy hull.; mer, ihe king took a dip of 
 
 old, into which wine heiiig pound he drank, iliff 
 
 |n onli .It the lime tiiiir l.iviiii*, i-lh,tru f' tU'' ' with 
 
 II I i.iin otiiei .vords, Jul) ;is ihey tin in I laiidu' on 
 
 > 'Itih niL'ht. Whin tin kiii<; li id diank, iIkv y, ve 
 iii|ii'<r to i.tch ) all'T M huh li'' dililiiir Itleip, in 
 
 I lilting the kini^'s pnleiue, it is the eulNin lot 
 vcrvoiiclti bow thrir tinns to»:ii.i, hiin, ai the 
 i.iiiie nine wa\ 1114 I'lCh hands to;peiliir, Ihe kiii'j 
 Ills iiimmonlv ii^lil ur uii ineii with grey be.iiJii 
 iiiiiii! hi hull." 
 
 I'liiii chis lime, nil the ilitli, the Lnglifli inii- 
 iiiiurd ir.,rtii king (or uojd, ol w hii h ti.cytook .diiiit 
 I ^ p miuls w'liiftit, aiil d(|'irtid, i\ In n it appiarcd 
 ili.it thire was im niori ^;o|il to be h.id ill ixi hanfe lor 
 ili.ir eoniniojiiie-.. 
 
 As tlitv pioiieileil, p.ifliiig by the eiOlpdel Mina, 
 luy ilieie law the hve Ihips al amiior) .md at iii^lit 
 ihi V reaih.'il Shaiiiina. 
 
 A tall (hip of about 200 ton^ burden >vas |i , n on 
 ihe 31I to the windward of thini, at the didaiue of 
 about UM) liMijuen j .md (ocm adir a (hip and a pin- 
 nace were dilcoveicd allern ol he-. 1- in. ling lliili to 
 be .1 nrwllei I, latelyroiTle 1 1 0111 I'oiiuu" il, ill' \ w. ighej 
 ..nd got to fe.i, when the Hut K II to Icewaid. At 
 l.'ll, ohi I ving the admiral lobe .ill rn 01 his com- 
 p.inv, the I'vger lelolved lo fice them again i but lur 
 enni.,.rt was too fir toleev.ard, uiu! by the nianiiei in 
 winch thefe on board beliaied on loniing up with 
 tl.iiii, it feeniid as il they h.id dune it on pin pole.— 
 iJn the iSth, .Mr. Towcrfon loll light ol lur afn f 
 lialiiii;; Cape Menl'urado, and eoneludeil that it wan 
 liie matter's dereriiiined nloliition lu p.irt cuinpany. 
 Thiv came in light of two ihull ill.iiids, whiihlliey 
 judged to lie about ilx le.iguis ir.'iii biirra Leona, liom 
 ilunee bv theii reekoning, tlay llioiild have been 4.0 
 hai;iies dillanl. This could only be altiibutid to a 
 (troiig current lilting lo the north-wi (I. 
 
 On the 1 5th of April tli-7 net with two large Por- 
 
 tti:uc-fe fliijis, which they (uppo(ed were bound lo 
 
 C ilii ut i and on the 23d of the l-nii moiiih vvetc met 
 
 ad mniged by aFrcneli vrdi I, which they obliged to 
 
 (heer olf, with confiderable damage. 
 
 After confulting together on the ?.8th, they agri-ed 
 to go into the Severn, and to proeetd (rom tin nee to 
 Mriltol i but the fame night they came to the Liz.ird, 
 .mil the wind not favouiing their difii^n, they put into 
 Plymouth ; — and thus ended their voyage. 
 
 <<^'" 
 
 Mr. TOWERSON's THIRD VOYAGE TO THE COAST 
 
 OF GUINEA. 
 
 THEY departed again from Plymouth Sound on 
 the 3Cth of January, with three (hips. The 
 admiral was the Minion ; the Chriftopher was the 
 vice-admiral ; the thiid (hip was the Tygcr, and they 
 h.id with them a pinnace calhd the Union. 
 
 Thefe wer.all bound for ilie Canaries, and the day 
 after they ft out, nut with two Uanzickcrt, whom 
 they examined, and finding French property on board, 
 made prizes of them. And now adifpute arofc whe- 
 ther the fliips fo taken (hould be brought into Spain 
 
 V«t. LNo.»». 
 
 or England ; but Mr. Towcrfon bcinn; ftriftly en- 
 joined not to prolong the time, ohferved that it woutd 
 be the height of imprudence to attempt bringing them 
 into any port. And it was at lad determined that 
 each of the (hip's crews (hould take what was moft 
 proper and necelTary out of the pri/.cs. — This wis 
 agreed to ; but the EngliHi failors foeftediually (trip- 
 ped the Danziclcers, that Mr. Towcrfon pitying their 
 condition, thought proper, after having fecured the 
 lawful prize goods, aod bad taken an ackn«wledge- 
 4 P. mut 
 
3i(> 
 
 VOYAGES OF THE ENGLISH 
 
 i 
 
 1556 ment under their hands, that they were laden partly on 
 I V ■ ' the French account, to rcllore p:irt of what had been 
 taken trom them before he difmilled them by the gene- 
 ral conftnt. 
 
 On the loth, by their reckoning, they were 25 
 leagues from the Gram! Canaries. At tliis time the 
 pinnace broke her rudder, and was towed at the flern 
 of the Minion, which Hill kept company with the 
 reft of the vclli-l?. 
 
 After they came to the ifland, they found it was 
 Tcni rifle, and then faw the Grand Canary, which 
 was twelve leagues to the eaftward, to which they di- 
 rected their courfe, and came into the roail on the 
 I2th. 
 
 After they had faluted the town and c.iftlc, the go- 
 vernor fcnt to difirc that they would come on Ihore, 
 and icccivcd them in a very friendly manner, oHlring 
 them th-.-ir horfcs to ride to the town, to which they 
 went with two Fnj^lifh merchants, who ftaid there 
 that day. They went on board the next day, in or- 
 der to get their pinnace mended, and to deliver theii 
 mcrchandifc. 
 
 The Spanifti fleet of the emperor Charles V. bound 
 to the Indies, came into the road on the 14th, and 
 fome ci\ illties pr.rt'ed between them and the J-.n^jliih ; 
 but a difpute arofe about paying honour to the Impe- 
 rial fla;^-, which Mr. Towerfon refufei!, and ihe Spa- 
 ni(h .ulmiral did not think (it to infilt upon it, and 
 told the Knglilhnian he had puniihed fome of his men 
 who fired at the Minion on that account. 
 
 'I'hr-y found themfshes to be in 20 deg. 30 min. 
 iveft, and four days afterwards faw the lanJ in tirj 
 bay to the northward of Cape Verde. — .Mr. Tower- 
 fon went ill the pinnace on the 26th, with Frantifcci 
 and Francis CalUlin, on board the'lvger, which was 
 nenrcit thcfhore, and running; about four leagues be- 
 yond thi.- Cape found an .igreeablc illand, with two or 
 three others, which were high rocks, and full ot 
 pid_'ioiis and other land fowls. As iliey were told 
 the French had a great trade here, they came to an 
 anchor in the bay, being defirous of learning all they 
 could, relative to that nation : but the matter of tht 
 Chriftopher d-.'clared he would not ftay there, as he 
 was not bound thither. However, F-dwArd Silman 
 from the 'I'vger, and John Makeworth fiom the 
 Chrillopher, came to Mr. 'Fowe.fin, and acreed to 
 go with the pinnace along fliore. i'hcy did fo, and 
 iiiw negroes 01. the coal}, who making figns to them, 
 they caft anchor with the pinnace, and went on fhore 
 in thecock-hoat to fee where tho trade was. It ap- 
 peared that they had elephants teeth, mufk, :-.nd liidc^, 
 and otFtred to fetch down their captain if the Fnglilh 
 would fend a man with them, for whom they propof- 
 cd to leave a pledge, but the matter of the Chrifto- 
 pher would not ftay. 
 
 'J"he voyagers fell in with the coaft of Ciuinca on 
 the tenth of March, five leagues off Cape de Munte, 
 near the river das Palmas. 
 
 The next dav thev went on ftiorc, and found a man 
 that could fpeak a little Portuguefc, who informed 
 them that three French fliips h::d palTed bv, one two 
 months, and the other about one month before. Nine- 
 teen ell phaiits teeth, and two ounces and half a i|uir- 
 ter of gcjld were here received by Mr. Towerfon. 
 Sailing from hence on the 12th, for the river dc Sef- 
 tos, and fell in with it on the ni^ht of the 13th. 
 
 The next day the Minion fent out her boats for 
 water, and delivered to the Chriftophtr and 'Fyger the 
 commodities which were moft wanted in thofe veilels. 
 Meeting on the 15th, they agreed to fend the Tygcr 
 to another rivet ;o take in her water, and to buy pep- 
 per, if any was to be had. They went afterwards 
 into the river with goods, where they found a negro 
 that was born at Liihon, and had been l.ft thcie by a 
 Portuguefe veili;!, which was burnt the year Ivfore in 
 an encounter with three Frenclimen. He likewili; 
 made mention of fome vclFcls belonging to the former 
 nation that were gone towards the caftlc of Mina. 
 
 From hcurc proceeding along the coaft, they came 
 totiK river Potes, and afterwards 10 H.iiity, couiinu- 
 
 ing to trade for fome pepper and elephants teeth, for 
 bracelets and other wares. 
 
 Having ohl(:ived five fail of Portugucfc on the firft 
 of April, they put to lea, and both parties endeavoured 
 to gain the wind of each other, but the I'ortuguefe 
 fucceeding in this, got within gun-fltot of the Fng- 
 lilh at lalt, and after exchanging a few fliot without 
 receiving any material damage, the latter having at 
 laft got to windward, the Minion, Tygcr, and pin- 
 nace ftood oIKto lea, leaving thi; Chriilopher, which, 
 as foon as they met with her, infoimcd them that they 
 had been alfo attacked by the Porluguefe, w ho had fliot 
 through their fails and rigging, but had done them no 
 other dam.age. On this it was refolved to go in pur- 
 fuitof the enemy, which they did, but in vain; af- 
 terwards, however, they fell in with a fleet of French 
 Ihips, that retired before them, however they took 
 one of them on the 6th, which proved a good prize, 
 and had fifty pounds and five ounces of gold on board. 
 
 On the 12th of this month they came to the farther 
 part of the Mina, called Egrarid, where they bej-an 
 taking the goods out of the prize, and afterwards di- 
 vided all the prifoners among the fliips except four, 
 who being fick were unable to help thcnifelvcs . I'hefe, 
 both the Chriilopher and the Tyger refuling to take, 
 were left in their fhip alone in the night, but about 
 midnight Mr. Fowerfon fetched them on board his 
 velUI. 
 
 The voy«ge to Benin was propofed on the 15th of 
 April, but this being refilled by the company, it »as 
 reiidved to fpend as much time as they had to Ipare up- 
 on liie coalv, and having done what thev could where 
 they were, ihoy fet liiil fur Don John's town, which 
 ihiv reached on the 21II. Fhey went on Ihotc with 
 their boats twice, but could i;ot enter into any fort 
 of tr.ilfic with the negroes, » Iio on the contrary made 
 ligns that they wilhed their new guells would depart. 
 
 Mr. Towel lijn, after cx|Tcriencing fome repuifes of 
 this foit, went on Ihore with a white flag at Don 
 John's town on the 2.ftli, but they concluded the 
 l'ortu.;ueie wi.;e tlure, as none of the iiegiocs ap- 
 pioae:ud them. 'I'he boat arrived afterwards well 
 manned, and a man was fent to the town. However, 
 he no looner arrived, than the negroes letirvd with- 
 out ever Ipeaking to him; and though .another was 
 fent into the woods after them, tliey would not 
 come to any terms. On this the Fnglilh took 12 
 goats and fome hens, and did no farther damage. 
 From hence they failed to Macoa, and atiorwards to 
 Coiinantin and took fome gold. From hence they 
 Iteeicd their courfe for Bhamina, and on the ytli they 
 law rive Portuguele fliips, and Mr. 'Fowerlon went 
 in the pinnace to \iew them on the tenth, and fome 
 of the people would have attacked the Portugueli; 
 fle-et, which cpnfilied of one fhip and four caravals 
 (on account of pro\ifions being fcarce); but tlw 
 mailer and company of the Minion would not agree 
 to fuch a proceeding for fear of being punifhed on their 
 return to England ; in confeqtience of which the others 
 defiiled from the attempt. Mr. 'Fowerfon went to 
 Shamma on the 20th, where the Tyger had arrived 
 the (!.iv before. By this time they had I'.nt awav the 
 Frenchmen on board llioir p'nnaccs, as they peiceived 
 their provifions would hardly hold out fur their own 
 company. 
 
 At Shamma they were told that there was no gold 
 to be got, and not d) inueh as a fingle hen to be 
 bought, which was on account of the agreement 
 between the natives and the Portuguefe, and fending 
 to Hanta, they met with no better fucccfs. On 
 which account they burned Shamma, and departed 
 on the 2Sth for England. After meeting with con- 
 trary currents, they law the ifland of St. 'I'homas 
 on the 7th of July, and though they meant to hold 
 on their courfe, were driven clofe ia fhore the next 
 day J but a breeze fpringing up cleared them of the 
 illancl. I'he Chriftopher and tho 'Fyger tacking 
 about, on the 10th, thofe that were in the .Minion, 
 thought they were going in queft of the (hips in tho 
 ruad, and were nut iacliikd to go after them, for 
 fear 
 
TO GUINEA AND THE EAST INDIES. 
 
 3if 
 
 leaf of running in with the land again, and putting 
 thcmfclvcs in the fame danger they were in tlie night 
 befbrc ; but they difchargcda piece, and put out two 
 lights, which were anfwercil with lij'hts ag:iin. 
 On tliis they kept their courfe, tliinking the 
 others had followed them : but not feeing them in the 
 morning, they perceived they had dropped thcni by 
 defign, and refolvcd to go after them no longer. 
 However on the nth, they altered their minds; 
 and tacking about agairf for the ifland, to feek the 
 fliips, about four in the afternoon met with them. 
 On the 13th, they fell in again with the ifland of St. 
 Thomas ; and the fame night they found themfelves 
 direitly under the line. 
 
 This illand is very high, and being on the weft fide 
 of it, there appears a very high pike, which is very 
 imall and ftrait, like the fteeple of a church, lying 
 direilly under the line ; and about a mile weft ot the 
 f.ime fduth end of the idand, there lies a finall ifland. 
 
 On the 3d of Augurt, departing from the ifland of 
 St. 'I'homas, they met the wind at fouth-weft. — The 
 a3d, in the morning, the (kilf being font on fliore, 
 found no houfes, or any men but four, who kept at 
 a diftance. As for cattle they faw none, except 
 goats, which were very numerous, but fo wild, that 
 they could not catch above three or four. To make 
 amends, they have good ftore of fi(h ; and in a fm:ill 
 ifle near the fame, they met with fca-binls. 
 
 On the 24th, the maftcr of the Tvger crime to 
 acquaint thofc on board the Minion, that his men 
 were fo weak, and the fliip fo leaky, that he was not 
 able to keep her above water ; and therefore rci]ut(led 
 them to go back again to the ifland, in order to l.ikt 
 out the goods, and give her up. They intreated him 
 to perfevcr;! awhile, and put a French carpenter into 
 her, to fee if he could find the leak. This day they 
 took a view of all their men, and found then- w ere 
 not above thirty found in the three fliips. On the 
 
 25th, they had fight of the ifle of St. Nicholas ; and 
 the day following, of Lucia, St. Vincent, and St. 
 Anthony J which four bear in refpeiSl to each other, 
 north-wcft-by-weft, fouth-caft-by-c;ift. On the 
 26th, they came again witrt the ifland of Sti Anthony, 
 and could not double the Cape. This day Philip 
 Jones, mafter of the Chriftopher, came on board the 
 Minion, and told them that thole of the Tyger were 
 not able to keep her, (lie was fo leaky, and the 
 mafter fo very weak. Farther, that he had agreed 
 wiih the mafter and company, that in cafe they could 
 double the ifland the next day, they ftiould tun to 
 the leeward of it, and there unload her : but if they 
 could not double it, then to put in betwixt that and 
 St. Vincent, with the fame view. On the ^d of 
 September, Mr. Towerlon went on board the Tyijer, 
 with the m.ifter and merchants, and found the iliip 
 very leaky, and only fix labouring men in her, 
 whereof one was the maftcr gunner : whereuiuMi they 
 agreed to lake in the nun, and fuch of the goods 
 as they could favc, and fct the fliip adrift. Next 
 day they went about it, and having taken out the 
 artillery, goods, viifuals and gold j on the 8th, they 
 gave her up in the latitude of twenty-five degrees. 
 On the 6th of October, the Chriftopher came to 
 defire thole of the Minion, to put in with Cape 
 Fiiiifterre, her men being fo weak, that they were 
 not able to keep the Cci : as thev were weak alfo, 
 they agreed to go for Vigo, a place frequented by 
 the Engliflimen. On the lOth, the Chriftopher 
 weiit towards the Cape : but the Minion, having a 
 hrifk wind for England, and fearing the <langir of 
 enejiiies, who ordinarily ply thereabouts ; having 
 w.irned the Chriftopher, flie not biingable to keep up 
 with them, they held on their courfe for England, 
 j where they arrived in fafety on the i6th, after having 
 I experienced many inconveniencies. 
 
 A VOYAGE TO GUINEA in 156: 
 
 THIS voy.igc was at firft defigncd to be under- 
 taken by Mr. Lock, but he having declined it, 
 the undertakers were Sir William Cheftcr, MelFrs. 
 Thomas Loduc, Anthony Hickman, and Edward 
 Callelin ; the fliips were the Minion and the Primrofe, 
 which left Dartmouth on the 25th of February, 
 1562. 
 
 On the 20th of March, they arrived at Cape Vcrd, 
 where they made no ftay, but failed along the coaft to 
 their firft appointed port. River de Seftos, which they 
 re.iched the 3d of April, in the morning. Here they 
 found a Frenchman, who, as foon as fhe perceived 
 them, fet fail, and made to the fea; mean while they 
 came to an anchor in the road ; and after Ihe had 
 difcovered by their flag, that they were Engliftimen, 
 (he bore with the Ihoret and hailed their (hips with 
 her ordnance. At this time Ruttcr, and the other 
 merchants of both fliips, were in the river trafficking, 
 and having underftood by the negros, that (he had 
 been there three days before them, they refolvcd, in 
 cafe (he fcnt her pinnace to tr.ide, not to fuft'er it, 
 till they had fettled matters with their captain and 
 merchants. In the afternoon the pinnace coming 
 into the river, they fpoke to ^he men not to proceed, 
 till they had talked with their captain, definng that 
 he might come in the evening on hoard the admiral ; 
 which was done. At the time appointed, M. Bur- 
 ton, and John Munt, went on board the Minion, 
 where the Frenchmen were, and there concluded, 
 that they (hould lie by eight days, and let the Pinglifh 
 traffic by th«mfelvcs i \vn?rcwi(h ihey \v«r« ngt well 
 
 plcafed. Hereupon, next morning, the French (hip 
 left them, failing along the coaft eaft ward, towards the 
 River de Potis : wherefore the merchants of both fliips, 
 in confideration that no veflels were upon the coaft, 
 concluded to fend the Primrofe before, that their 
 traflic might not be obftrudcd by the French. They 
 went, and overtook them trading to the weft of Potis, 
 where paffing them, they arrived the 12th of April. 
 They trafficked there till the i 5th, and then departed 
 for the River Sant Andre, where they came the 17th. 
 Here by .ngrcemcnt, they were to wait for the Minion, 
 and the fame dav (he found them. 
 
 At Cape dcs Palmas flic met a great (hip and caraval 
 of the king of Portugal, bound to Mina, which gave 
 her chace, and (hot brifkly at her, as (he did at them 1 
 but received no hurt. Hereupon they haftencd 
 towards Cape Trcs Puntas, with defign, if they 
 could, to put them (the fliip and caraval) from the 
 caftle. At the Cape they lay a-hull one ninht and 
 two days ; and judging they had gone paft, thc'Minioii 
 went near the fliorc, and fent her merchants to Hanta. 
 Next morning very early, being the 21ft of the 
 month, they again had fight of the (hip and the 
 caraval a gocxl way to fea-board. They prefcntly 
 fet fail, and bore with the foremoft of them, hoping 
 to have got between the caftle and them, but came 
 fliort of their defign, which was a great difappoint- 
 ment. When the enemy was under the protci^ion of 
 the caftle, they fliot fmartly at the Engli(h, and they 
 at them ; but to little purpofe. In the afternoon, 
 they fct fail, and came to the town of Don John, 
 
 wkete. 
 
 /—' 
 
T.WP- 
 
 3^8 
 
 1563 
 
 Voyages of the English 
 
 where, on the iid, in the morning, they went ort 
 fliorc to traffic, but the ni-gros would Jo nothing till 
 they heard from Don Liiis ; for at that time Don 
 Jolin wa» dead. On the 23d, Antonio, (the fon of 
 Don Luis) and Pachtco, arrived, with intent to 
 traffic with thcin. At the fame lime, two galleys 
 came rowing from the caftie, to interrupt them. (Jn 
 the 24th, the Enylifti fet fail, and chaced the galfeys 
 to the caftie again. The ncijrOs plt^afed at it, re- 
 <)uircd them to go to the Mowfc, about three le.igues 
 behind, promifing to come thither ; for that they 
 rtood in fear of the Portu;^;uctc. There ihey waited 
 for tlic merchants out of the country, who were come 
 with their gold ; but Don Luis's Ion, and Pachcco, 
 were on board the Minion. 
 
 On the 25th in the morning came the two galleys 
 from the caltle again : the weather being very calm, 
 they ihot at, and hit the P'-lmrofe tli'ree times. And 
 Ihortly after, the v.iiid blowing from the flmre, (he 
 defctied the fliip and caraiul coming towards her. 
 Then (he fet fail, and bor.} as near unto them as flie 
 could) but it being dark before ftie cime uj) with 
 them, (he lofl them in the night. On the 27th the 
 Engli(h plied to the Ihore, and at nii^lit agreed to go 
 to Corn)antin : but next morning they found them- 
 fclvcs near the great (liip, and the two galleys having 
 no wind at all, and the car:ival clofe to the (hore. 
 I'relcntly tlie two galleys come rowing to the ftcrn of 
 the Minion, and fought with her moft part of the 
 forenoon During the fight, a barrel of powder 
 fiappening to take hre in the llcward':. room, hurt the 
 
 maftcr-Bunner, theftcward, and moftof the gannetif 
 which the galleys perceiving, they began to be more 
 (icrce upon her, and with a (hot cut her forc-ma(l :ii 
 two, that, jyiihout prefent remedy, (lie was not able 
 to bear fail. Immediately upon this, the great (hip 
 fent her boat to the galleys, which fuddenly departed. 
 As foon as they were gone, tho(« of the Prinirolis 
 went onboard the Minion to confult wh:twasbeft to 
 be done. They found her company grievoufly dc-^ 
 jcifted ; thcrefoie perceiving that the i>egros neither 
 would nor durft traffic fo long as the galliys were upon 
 the coaft, it was agreed todepart for Kio de Seltos.— 
 The r4th of Mav in the moining, they fell in again 
 with the Ian.!, .ind fending their boats to fee what 
 place it was, found it to be Rio de Barbos, to the eaft 
 of Sant Andre, and there llaycd to take in water, tilt 
 the 21 IK 'I'hc day before, tire Primrofc loft five of 
 her mciT, by the black pinnace overfc^ting. The 22d, 
 the (liips departed for Rio de Seftos, where they put it» 
 the zd of June j and the 4th, leaving that river to 
 return home, arrived the 6th of Augull within fight 
 of the Start, in the weft part of England, the men 
 bcinil very (ick and weak. BefiJfs 21 who died, many 
 were forely hurt. Inflict, there were i.ot above 20 
 men that were found and able to labour. Mr. Bur- 
 ton, who had been fick for fix weeks, was then fo 
 weak, that his life was deljnired of. 
 
 There were brought home this voyage, 166 elo* 
 phants teeth, weighing 175S pounds, and two huts of 
 (luinea pepper, dearlyenough purchaled by the voyag.* 
 ers loHes and misfortunes* 
 
 A VOYAGE TO GUINEA bv Mr. BAKER, in 1563. 
 
 MR. Baker, who has written an account of this 
 voyage in veife, after the unlucky dif.dler that 
 bel'el him in Guinea the year before, had iimde a lort 
 of vow never to go near that tourttiv .'iiiy nii^rc : but 
 beini; returnid to Ei. gland and rtcoviKil of hiscom- 
 pla'iit, he foon forgot the l.uiows th^it were p.ift, and 
 being iiii ited to uiideitake ihc voyage ihe next year, 
 m quality of a f^ictir, confmttd. After they hrd 
 been at fea two days and a nigiit, the nnii tVom the 
 mainniaft difcovered a (ail or two. 'I'hey prtfently 
 made up to the brgtft of them, which thcvjudgcd to 
 be the beft, and Mr. Baker hailed her to know whence 
 Ihe was: (he anfwered, from' France ; whereupon the 
 Englilh waved them, ami (he, nothing diliirayed, 
 waved them again. Mr. Baker immediately ordered 
 men with arms to the main and fore-tojis, alfo powder 
 to be laid on the poop, to blo-.v up the enemy, if they 
 fliould enter the (hip that way. Then, at the found 
 of trumpet, they bi-gnn the Hght, difcharging both 
 thainaiid crofs-bow (hot from their brazen artillery ; 
 while the I'reneh, from the main-yard, flcurifhing 
 their fwords, culled ont to thcEngIi(h to board their 
 Ihip. Tht Englifli, on their fidr, willing to accept 
 of the invitation, plied them hotly with their cannon, 
 poured in their arrows, and their harqucbufles from 
 the loop holes ; attempting, at the fame time, to burn 
 their (ails with arrows and pikes carrying wild (ire. 
 Baker, wi(hing fo cnccura^e his men, made the fpiced 
 wine go biilkly round ainon" them, propoft-d boarding 
 the enemy, which they did » ith their limc-pots, break- 
 ing their nettings with ftones, while the min from 
 above entered the enemy's tops, after killing thofe who 
 defended them ; then cutting the ropes, brought 
 down the yard by the board. Th<ife who tntertd by 
 the fide of thefliip, played their paits fo well with 
 their fwords, that at length the remainder of the 
 rienchmen fled beneath deck, and furrendercd them- 
 fcives. H ving thus taken the (hip, they failed to the 
 («roine, in Spain, and there fuld the ladiij. After 
 
 this they proceeded on their voyage for Guinea; ( 
 where being arrived, Mr. Baker, one day about noon, 
 with eight more, went on (liore in a boat to traffic j 
 intending to di(pntch his buhiiefs, that he might bo 
 back again by night j but ju(t when they had got near 
 l.iuJ, a furious wind arol'e, accompanied with rain 
 and thunder, which forced their (hips from their an- 
 chor'', .ind drove them out to ("ea. In the mean time, 
 thofe in the boat, in order to provide for iheir fafety, ran 
 ii!.ing the coaft, fecking fomc place to put into ; yet 
 meeting with none, were forced to lie on board all 
 night, by the (hore, expofed to thunder, rain, and 
 wind, which continued without interinilllon. Next 
 day the (hips turned back again, thinking the boat 
 (laid behind j and tlic boat rowed forward along the 
 co?(t, fuppo(ing the (hips were before them, Hill look- 
 ing out to (Va ; but the mill that morning occafioneei 
 by the jarring of the elements the night before, was 
 fo great, that they could not (te each other. Thus 
 tlify continued beating the fea two or three davs to- 
 getlicr ; after which thofe in the (hips concluded the 
 boat was caft aw ay in the (torm, made the belt of 
 their way towards England. Mr. Baker and his com- 
 panions in diftrefs, having been three days without any 
 food. At length they landed, and having exchanged 
 fomc wares for roots, and luch other provifions as 
 they had, put to (ea again in purfiiit of their (hips, 
 which they ((ill fiippoled to be before them. Thus they 
 continui-d 12 days ranging the (liorc ) where they fa«v 
 nothing but thick woods and dc(crts, full of wild 
 bealts, which often appeared, and, at fun-fct, camo 
 in herds to the fea-fide, where they lay down or playcJ 
 upon the faiiil, and fometimes, to cool thcmlclvcs, 
 plunged into t!ic water. 
 
 They often law a man or two on the (hore, who, 
 as foon as they perceived the boat, came to it witU 
 ihiir Almaide. Then cafting am.hi)r, they offered 
 the negios their ware* in exchange lor (i(h and fttfll 
 water, or any victuals of thcii own coukir.jj. Thefe 
 5 peofile 
 
 m 
 
TO GUINEA AND THE EAST INDIES. 
 
 V) 
 
 people would bring to them great roots and berries, 
 ijt'hich grow on the palm-trees, being Aich eatables 
 as wcremoft agreeable to themCelves ; likewifc fome 
 of their wines, the colour of which is like thi' juice 
 that runs out of the tree. Sometimes they brought 
 them wild hcuiey ifi the combs. With thcfc, and fuch 
 other things as camCj they relieved their hunger; 
 but notliin/ could repair the ftrength they loft by 
 grief, fatigue, and the want of reft, which reduced 
 them to a very weak condition. Tlicy were fo op- 
 prefled with atflictioii, to think of the dreadful cir- 
 cumftances they were in, that their hearts were re.idy 
 to break. They had now been fo long fecking the 
 Ihips in vain, that they were refolved to give over 
 their purfuit, concluding that they were loft or re- 
 turned home, but what courfe to take was difficult to 
 determine; as for returning home in fuch a boat as 
 that, in want of every thing, they faw was an utter 
 impoflibility i and confidering they were in a ftrangc 
 country, inhabited by a people, whofe manners and 
 cuftoms were fo oppofite to theirs, tlicy knew not 
 what to refolve on. By this time they found they had 
 piifled beyond the Melegetc (or Grain) Coaft, and 
 were advanced as far as that of Mina i for their ne- 
 gros fpeaking Portuguefe, came on board them with 
 their fe.ilesand weights, propofingto traffic, and a(k- 
 ing where their fliips were ? They, in hopes to be 
 better ufcd, anfwercd, there were twoatfca, and that 
 they would be with them in a day or two. However, 
 much difniayed at a queftion which only renewed their 
 grief, they turned off from the natives to confult 
 now they (hould clifpofe of themfelvcs. They con- 
 jidered, that if they continued at fea in their boat, 
 expoled to the burning heat of the day, which fen- 
 fibly confumed them by fweating, and the frequent 
 hurricanes accompanied with lightnings, thunder, 
 and rain, which deprived them of rell all night, that 
 they could not |K)(Iibly long hold out. They were 
 often three days without eating ; and having fat 
 continually for 20 days together, the boat affording 
 no fpace to walk in, they were in danger of lofing the 
 ufe of their legs, for want of cxercife ; and their 
 joints were fo much fwelled with the fcurvy, that they 
 could fcarcc (land. 
 
 On this Mr. Baker told them, that as it was not 
 poflible for them, in the condition they were, to keep 
 their boat much longer, it was time to come to fome 
 refolution, and make choice of one of the three 
 courfes they had to take. The firft wa«, to repair to 
 the caftle of Mina, which was not far off, and put 
 thcmfclves into the hands of the Portuguefe, who 
 were Chriftians, if they durll trull them, or could, 
 expedl the more humanity from them on that account. 
 However, he told them, the worff that could happen 
 to them, was to be hanged out of their mifery. That 
 poflibly they might have fome mercy on them for their 
 own fakes, feeing nine fuch young men would be fer- 
 viceable in their galleys, that although they (hould 
 be made Haves for life, yet they (hould be fure of 
 having victuals enough, in order to enable them to 
 tug at the oar j whereas there they rowed and Aarvcd. 
 The next courfe was, to throw themfelvcs upon the 
 courtcfy of the negros. As to this expedient, Mr, 
 Baker told them, it wasa very difcouraging one : for 
 that he could not fee what favour was to be hoped for 
 from a beaffly favage people, whofe condition was 
 worfe than that of any (lave ; that poITibly they might 
 be canibals, and then they were fure to be deftroyed 
 at once, without any ceremony : th.it in cafe they 
 (Iiould not, their cu(t(>ms were fo oppofite to the Eu 
 ropeans, that they could not poflibly comply with 
 them : That it was not to be im-igined, that they 
 who had always been fed upon the fle(h of animals, 
 could live upon roots and herbs (as the negros did) 
 whieh was the food of wild beaft ; that being accuf- 
 toined to wear cloaths, they could not for (hame go 
 naked, and expofclliofe parts nf their bodies to view, 
 which, from their infancy, had been covered ; that in 
 cafe ihey could get the bitter of niodelly in this point, 
 yet, for want of that defence againll the fun-beams. 
 
 Vol. I. N' 29. 
 
 which they had always been uild to, their hicilcs 
 would he gricvoufly tornientui, as well as emaciattJ, 
 and their Ipirits exhaufted by Mie fcorchinj» luals. — 
 The lalt courfe they had to take, was to rt;iy in thr 
 boat, and die miferably there. But as they fetmtd de- 
 termined to run anyrifquc at land, rather th.in to con- 
 tinue pent up in fuch a narrow coni|iafs, fulijei^f to all 
 the inclemencies of the weather, day and night, as 
 well as liable to be familhed for want «t victuals 
 Mr. Baker, in conclufion, gave it as Ms opinion, 
 with regard to the other twu methods, that more trult 
 and confidence was to be put in the Portuguefe, who 
 were baptifed, than in the negios, who lived in a bru- 
 ti(h manner. Mr. Baker ended his dileourfe, and tliey 
 all determined to throw thcmftlves on the inercv of 
 the Portuguefe, and hoKted liiil, immediately fettiii^ 
 forward for the caftlc, which was not above 20 leagut* 
 diffant. They went on without flopping all day, 
 aiid till late in the night, when they perceived a light 
 on the (ho4„'. The boatfwain concluding from thence 
 that it was a place of trade, propofed to caft anchor, 
 and try in themorninj if they could get fome food in 
 exchange for their wares. This was agreed upon, and 
 the next morning, going towards fhore, they perceived 
 a watch-houfe upon a rock, in the place from whence 
 the light proceeded the night before, with a large black 
 crofs of wood (landing near it. Kerc they began to 
 doubt what place thiswa>, and looking forward^ be- 
 held a caftle, which perplexed them (till more 5 but 
 their doubts were quickly folved, by the appearance 
 of a Portuguefe or two, one of them holding a white 
 flag in his hand, made a fi jnal to them to come afliore. 
 Although they went in quefl of the Portuguefe, yet at 
 light of them, their hearts iH-gan to fail them, and 
 they tacked abov.t to make off. This being obferved 
 from the caftle, immediately a gun was fired at them 
 bv a negro, the (liot falling within a yard of the boat. 
 If they had been provided with a ftout (hip or t«o, 
 they would not have valued their bullef:, but being 
 unable to make any refiftance, they complied with ne- 
 ce/Tity, i<nd rowed as fafl as they Could to land, to 
 yield themfelvcs and know their doom. 'I'his they 
 thought would pleafc thofe in the caftle ; but, to their 
 great furprife, the nearer they drew to the (hore, the 
 more the Portuguefe (hot at them. The bullets fell 
 thick about the boat, yet they ftill advanced, till at 
 laft they got fo near the caltle wall, as to be out of 
 danger from the cannon. • They now relblved to land, 
 in order to try the courtefy of the Portuguefe ; but 
 prefently there came (howers of ftones from the caftle 
 wall J and foon after they faw the negros marching 
 down with their bows and targets. Tlie allault was 
 fo furious, that having much to fear if they (laid 
 any longer, from the heavy (tones that fell into the 
 boat, and with their weight threatened to break thro' 
 the bottom of it, as from the (bowers of arrows which 
 hiffed about their ears, and wounded fome of them; 
 they, like defperatc men, who did not value what be.> 
 came of their lives, put off from (hore, to return to 
 (i:a, felting four of their company to row : yet being 
 unwilling tojdepart from the coafts, without repaying 
 the inhabitants fome part of their civility, they began 
 to handle their bows and fire-arms, which they fir(t 
 employed againft the negros, of whom feveral pre- 
 fently dropped, and then againll the Portuguefe, who 
 (tood on the walls of the fort in long white (hirts (or 
 gowns) many of which were foon dyed red by 
 means of the Engli(h arms. They thus maintained 
 their ground a long time, and fought at their leifure ; 
 never regarding the enemy's menaces, (Ince they faw 
 there were no galleys in the place to fend to take them. 
 When they had Sufficiently revenged their want of 
 hofpitality, they rowed off; and although they knew 
 they were to pafs through another ftorm of bullets 
 from the cadle i yet they pu(hed on, and tike men,' 
 commonly who fear no danger, cfcaped without re- 
 ceiving any damage. By the time they had reached 
 the fea, they perceived three n.'gros, who came row- 
 ing after them to know what country they were of, 
 fpeaking very gootl Portuguefe. They told them they 
 4 Q, were 
 
 i5f.5 
 
 m 
 
i \i 
 
 330 
 
 1564 
 
 VOYAGES OF 
 
 Englilliivcn, ar.J liaj brought wares to traffic with 
 thciii, \f liuy had iiotutlil them io ill. I'he ncgios 
 wort' t.irlhcriiuiiiifilivc to know where their <lli^)^ wire. 
 'I lity aiiKvcrcl tluy had two at (i-a, well aiipointcd, 
 which would liion t.ikc their w.iv I'loi'g the coaft, to 
 tr.^dc for gold, and only waited for their return. 
 The negros pretending a concern for what had hap- 
 pened, intreaied them to (lay for that day, proniifmg 
 to bring them whatever they (lood in need of. But 
 the Englidi putting no conliiiencc in their words, only 
 alkcd them what place th;it wasj and being anlwered 
 that it was the Fortugucfe c;itHe, at the weltcrn point 
 of Cape Tres l'unta.s, without exchanging any more 
 words, lioilled fail, and put to fea, to feekout u more 
 friendly place. 
 
 The Portueuefe kindncfs being thus experienced 
 lufficiently, they were rcfulvcd to have recnurfc to 
 them no more, but try the negros. Therefore fail- 
 ing back auain about thirty leagues, they caft anchor, 
 and the natives coming immediately to the boat, the 
 En^lidi f;ave every one fome prefent or other, 
 whereby they we 11 their hearts. 1 he news of the 
 arrival of fuch generous llr.;ngers, brought the king's 
 Ion on board. As fjon as he came, Mr. Baker be- 
 gan movini^ly to explain the c.fe to him ; making 
 great lamentation, and giving him to uiidetltand by 
 liijns, that they were quite undone, had loft their 
 fllips, and were almolt familhcd for want of food : at 
 the fame tine olTi ling all the goe)di they had in the 
 boat, pro\ iJed he would take them under his pro- 
 tection, and relieve them in fuch great dillrefy. The 
 ne:>ro chief, movcu by tlie tears whiih fell plentifully 
 from the eyes of .ill, rcfufed the prelcnt, and haue 
 them be comforted. He went on fliore, to know his 
 father's ple.iitire, and prefcntly returning, invit.d 
 them to land. This was a joyful hearing to them. 
 He had no founcr fpoke the word than they fell to the 
 oar in hafte, to ;;et to Ihorc, where, 5C0 negros 
 wailed 10 receive them ; but coming near the coaft, 
 the fea ran fo high, tli.it the boat ovirfct. The 
 negros iirmcdiately plunged into the water, to fave 
 the'm, ami brouj;hi them all fafe to (liore. They alfo 
 preferved the boat and whatever was in her, fomc 
 f*imniing after tlie oars, others diving for goods that 
 were funk ; after which they hauled it to land, and 
 br<)ui;ht every individual thing that belonged to the 
 Englilh ; not daring to detain the leaft trifle for fear 
 of the king's Ion, who according to Mr. Baker's 
 account, w as a perlon ff courage, and endowed witii 
 all natural perfections. The next kind office that they 
 
 THE ENGLISH '' 
 
 did, was to bring them vii^uals, fuch as titey ufed 
 themfelvcs; of which they ate heartily, being, as may 
 be prefumed, very hungry ; the negros ftaring at 
 them all the while, with altoniihment. For all this 
 appearance of humanity, the Engliih were under no 
 (mail apprchenfions condderiiig ihey were quite in the! 
 pcjwcr of the negros ; every one of whom went armed 
 with his dart. They lay upon the groiind all that 
 night with them, but never once clofid their eyts, 
 through (ear that they fhould be killed in their deep. 
 However, they received no hurt from them j and for 
 two days fared very well. But theli; people finding no 
 fliips came as they expected, to fetch them away | 
 the Englilh diftributcd a large quantity of wares 
 among them, in return for their hofpitality. The 
 negros foon grew weary of their new giiefts j and af- 
 ter lellening their allowance every day, at length left 
 themtofhift for thcmfelves. In this diftrcfs they 
 were conftrained to range about the woods, in fenrch 
 of berries and roots, which they dug up with ihcir 
 lingers, lor want of other inftiuments. Hunger had 
 quite worn otF th- delicacy of their palates. They 
 made nodiftinction any longer in viftuals ; any thing 
 that w as eatable, now was a dainty to them. Nece^ 
 (Ity likcwilc, fooii reconciled ihem to going naked: 
 for their cloaths, grown rotten with the fweat, fell 
 oft" their backs by degrees ; fo that at length, each of 
 them had fcarcely a rag left to cover him before* 
 They were not only forced to feck for their food, but 
 to provide wood and utcnlils to drels it. They made 
 a pjt of clay baked in the fun, in which they boiled 
 their roots J the berries they roafted ; and on ihefe 
 varietiesAliey fid every evening. At night thiy went 
 to rell on the bare ground, making a great lire round 
 them, to keep ofF wild bealN. 'I'hus they became, 
 in every relpedt, the reverie of what they were before{ 
 in (hort, with this imire change of their way of 
 living, joined to the heat and unhealthinefs of the 
 climate, thi y began to fill flek apace, and for want of 
 proper nouri(hmcnt, died fo lal>, that in a fliort time 
 the nine were reduced to thic;. This, to the deceaf- 
 ed, was a relea(c from their mifery : but what was 
 an cale to them, rendered the (tatc of thofe few who 
 furvivcd, more forlorn and helplels than before. At 
 length, wh-n they had given over all hopes of relief, 
 a Krench fliip arriving on the coaft, took them in, 
 and carried them back to France, which being then 
 at war with England, they were detained prilbners, 
 and from thence Mr. Baker wrote an account of 
 the voyage in verfe. 
 
 A VOYAGE TO GUINEA in 1564, by CAPTAIN DAVID CARLET. 
 
 THE (hips employed in this voyaee, were the 
 Miiiie.n, one of the queen's (hips, David Carlet, 
 captain 1 the John Baptiit, of London; and the 
 Merlin.belongiiig toMr. Gonfon. — The chief adven- 
 turers M-re Sir William Gerard, Sir William Chefter, 
 Sir Thomas Lodge, Anthony Hickman, and Edward 
 CaOelin. Thefe all met on the nth of July, 1564, 
 at Sir William Gerard's, to confult mcafures for 
 letting forward the voyage. At this meeting they 
 came to feveral refolutions ; as firft. That Francis 
 Aliibie (lioiild be fent to Deptford, to Mr. Gonfon 
 for his letters to Peter Pet, to fet about rigging the 
 Minion, at the charges of the queen, after which he 
 was to lepair to Gillingham, with money to defray 
 the adventurers charges there. Secondly, That each of 
 the five partners fliould call upon their partners to 
 advance towards new rigging and vidfualling, twenty- 
 nine pounds, ten ftiillings and fix-pence, out of every 
 hull eo. 'I'hirdly, That each of the (ivc partners 
 Ihould immediately dcpofit fifty-pounds towards the 
 
 faid occafions. Fourthly, In cafe Mr. Gonfon gave 
 his confent, that the Merlin (hould be "wrought rouiiJ 
 from Briftol to Southampton, that a 1 ,tter (hould be 
 obtained under his hand, before order was given for 
 the fame. 
 
 Mr. Hawkins, with the Jcfus of Lubeck, and 
 three other (hip?, left Plymouth on the i8th of 
 October, 1564, and that fame day, being ten leagues 
 from the port, met with the Minion, of which David 
 Carlet was captain, and her confort, the John 
 Baptift ; having faluted each other with their guns, 
 according to cuftom, the Minion went in qucft of 
 the Merlin, which lagged behind ; and left the John 
 Baptift to keep the Jefiis company ; but in a Iturm, 
 which happened the 21ft, fhe was fcparatcd. On the 
 25th, Mr. Hawkins put into Fcrrol, in Galicia, 
 whither, on the 26th, the Minion arrived alfo, 
 whofe crew were much dejecfled, on account of the 
 difaftcr which had happened to the Merlin ; for, two 
 days after they met with her, throui^h the carcleilhcfs 
 
 W.-*- 
 
 ■ £_«^£=^ 
 
 M^ 
 

 TO GUINEA AND THE EAST INDIES. 
 
 of the gunner, the powder took fire and blew \tp the 
 poop, with three nan in it ; pnlVntly nhcv whicli, 
 flie iunk, ami ihv crew mud haveheeii loft, but th^t the 
 briguntine having been luckily at the fh rn, took them 
 in J many of them being grcviouflv wounded by, the 
 cxphifion. On the jotii, b.itli fleets departed in 
 company. On the 6th of Novembei, coming in 
 fight of Teneriftc, th • Minion being three or lour 
 leagues a-head of fhe JlIus, went on to that ifland, 
 aiul (o parted co.iipaiiy with Mr. Hawkins ; who 
 fliapiiig his courfc by Cape Verde and Sierra Leona, 
 afterwards ilrucL oft' for the Weft Indies, and arrived 
 lit the town of Iturboroata, on the coaft of 'Jieria 
 Firma. Here he heard news of the ill fuccefs of this] 
 
 Gulnca'voyige 1 for on the 29th of April, there clme 
 into til" loail, a K ni n ihii>, cilled ;!i' G' 11 
 Dragon ol New Ha. n, one Hon T iiips, cipi;.;n, 
 who inform J him, th.it he ha I met with tn ■ M nion 
 on the coaft of Ciuinca, an J th.t both had i:e:n 
 driven oft' by the Poriuguefe ualley. i th.; at 
 the Miniijri\ firft auiv.il, C.ipc.iin Cirlit, ;.nd 
 a merclianf, with a dozen mariners, wire be- 
 trayed by the negros to ihi- Hortiigii'le, with ulioin 
 they renuiiiied prifoners J and th.it the lliip'- had h-ft 
 fo many men, through want of fnih wal'r, .ih I other 
 accidents, th.it it was a great doubt whether iholc 
 lalt would be able to bring them home. 
 
 A VOYAGE TO THE ISLANDS of CAPE VERD by CAPTAIN 
 GEORGE FENNER, in 1566. 
 
 THREE fliips were employed In this voyage, the 
 Caftlc of Comiort, George Fenner, general, 
 and William Bats, malUr; the May-flowir, Captain 
 Edward Fenner, vtce-admiral, and William Curtis, 
 mailer j and tiie George, a fmall bark, John 
 Heiwood, captain, and John Smith of Southanjpton, 
 mafter; befldes a pinnace. On the loth of Decem- 
 ber, 1566, they left Plymouth J on the I2th, they 
 Were thwart of Ulhant i and on the 15th, in the 
 morning, had fight of Cape pinifterre. The fame 
 night, they loft company of their admiral ; therefore 
 they failed along the coaft of Portugal, hoping th:it 
 he nad been before them. On the iSih, they met 
 with a French Ihip, who bringing no tidings of their 
 admiral, they followed their courfe to tlic Canary 
 iflands. On the 25th, in the morning, they fell in 
 With Porto Santo 1 ;.nd within three hours had light 
 of Madeira, fix leagues diftant. The fame il:iy, 
 they hoifted out the boat, and brought on btiard tlitm 
 Mr. Edward Fenner, captain of the May-flower, 
 (who was then with the mafter, Robert Curtis, and 
 others, in the George) and feafted thtm with fuch 
 as they had. On the 28th, they fell in with 
 the ifland TenerilFe, twenty-lcven le.igues from the 
 former; and caft anchor on the eaft fide, in forty 
 fathom water, a bafe (hot from ihore, within a little 
 bay, where there were thite or four fmall houfes, 
 nboutaleague diftant from thelittle town called Santa 
 Cruz. From their (hips they could fee the Grand 
 Canary, fix or feven leagues diftant. On the 
 29th, the May-flower, not being able to get into the 
 road for the wind, bore in with Santa Cruz, thinking 
 to ca(t anchor in the road at!,3inft the town ; but 
 before (he came within reach of their ordnance, they 
 fliot at her four pieces, wb'ch caufing her to retire, 
 flic came at laft to anchor near the George, about one 
 m the afternoon! a he captain wrote a letter direiSed 
 to the head officer of Santn Cruz, to know the realbn 
 of his being (hot at. The letter was given to 
 Curti<;, and Walker Wren, who, with fix men in 
 the boat, ro*cd as near the (horc as they durft, the 
 featheic runningextremely high. The people ftanding 
 by the water- fide, about thirty in number, with 
 fuch armour as they had. Wren called to them in 
 8pani(h, to let them know that they had a letter for 
 Santa Cruz, and wanted to have it conveyed thither. 
 One of the Spaniards delired them to land, faying 
 they (hould be welcome: but doubting the wotft. 
 Wren anf.\ered, that they would ftay till they had 
 an anfwer to their letter. On this, one of the Spa- 
 niards ftrippinu, leapt into the water, and fwam to the 
 boat : he was received in, and after laluting them, 
 dc».>.. led what their rcqueft was.' thry made anfwer, 
 
 informed, that the admir 
 
 had been there iLven ilays 
 
 before, and was gone to Goraera, they fet fail foon 
 after to feek him. On the 6th, they found the 
 admiral at anchor in the road before the town of 
 Gomera, there alfo they met with Edward Cook, in < 
 large fti'p; and a fhip of the copper-fmiths of Lon- 
 don; which the Portuguife had treacheroufly furprill J 
 in the bay of Santn Cruz, on the coaft of Barbary, and 
 \Vas .ill fpoiled. The general and merchants, boujjht 
 in this town, for their provifion--, fourteen pipes 
 of wine, at the rate of fifteerl ducats a pipe ; 
 which had been ofFercd thein in Santa Cruz, in 
 TencrifFe, for eight, nine; and ten ducats. On 
 the gth, they departed from this road :o another bay, 
 
 about 
 
 3.H 
 
 *5C.6. 
 
 that by misfortune they had loft the company of th( ir 
 admiral, and being bound to this ifland ■..) traflic for 
 wines and other tilings, were dehrnis to ftjy tli _• ill 
 he ariivid. The Spaniaid promifi.l to carry the let- 
 ter without delay ; and Wren h.iving fevicd it up in 
 a bladder, delivered i: him, i^iving four rials of 
 Spanilh money for his trouble. Ail.r he had re- 
 turned to IhoiT, and talL.d to the peopl', fome of 
 til .111 thri-w up their hats, and others |Uillcd tliciimff, 
 lahitinr th^; Kna;liih, (till inviting then to land : 
 but having returned trteir courtefv, they rowid back 
 a;;ain to the (hip. On the 30th, the governor's 
 brother of Santa Cruz, came on board the May- 
 flower, with fix or fevcn Spaniards ; who ccnelud.;d 
 with the captain, tiiat the Engl Ih might 1. .; ■ ::iid 
 tra.'fic. They were all well cntertaiiud ; and at 
 their departure, the captain ordvieil four piucs of 
 ordnance to be (hotofl^ and beftowed u]<on thim no 
 cheefes, with otln-r things. The S|iaii:.rJ pioiii'l'id 
 the ca|yr,nii, that he (lionld hive fuflici. nt pk,' cs 
 next day ; which not being perfuntJ, ihey grci.V 
 fufpleious and moft of them wvnt not on ihore. 
 
 The captain however, Ant Nichol.is Diy and John 
 Sumpter, on (hore, on the 21ft of J.muarv, who 
 were well entertained, with as many of the company 
 as went. " In TenerifFe, fays our author, is a 
 marvllous high hill, callid the' Peak, which a- far 
 off" is more like a cloud than any thing elfe, it Is 
 round, and fomcthing fmall at top. It iias not 
 been known, that "vcr any man was at the top : and 
 and altliodgh it ftanJ.; in twenty-eight degrees, wliLtc 
 it was as hot in January, as it is in' Enelaiul at 
 iMidfummer, yet is the fummit feldom without fnow, 
 both winter and fiimmer. About two leagues from 
 the laid Santa Cruz, is a city called Anagona." 
 (Jn thi- 3 1, they removed toward^ tbcvvtft.Tn parts of 
 the ifland, twelve or fourttcn leagues from Santa 
 Cruz, and on the 5th, caft anclio'-' ih a bay, over- 
 .igainrt the hoiifeof one Pctro de Soufes ; where b in-^ 
 
 '1^- 
 
"13a 
 
 VOYAGES OF THE ENGLISH, 
 
 1566 
 
 about three leagues off, and there took in iVLih water. 
 ' Thr lOth they fct fail tow^irds Cipc Blake, on tlic 
 co,i(l of Uuincn. On the 12th, the) loll into utia^ 
 to the ealt of Cape Pargos, 35 leagues from the other; 
 but having no knowledge of th;it coall, they went 
 for C.ipe Blake; and at the fall of the lanil they 
 ioMndeil, and h:id 16 fathoms water two leagues from 
 the (h'lre. 1°he land is very low, and a white fand 
 upon the f.ill of the cojft. On the 17th, ftiaping 
 their couric fouth by caft, and fouth from Capr Hl;ike, 
 they fell into a bay about 16 leagues to the e-.i(t of 
 Cajie Verde, and fix (roiii fliore ; the land bein;^ full 
 of hiimmncks with high trees on thcni, fcemeJ like a 
 j:reat iiumbtrof Ibipsunder fail : they flood towardsilic 
 l.md, till tliey were within three leagues of the flinK ; 
 and then foundint;, found 28 fatliums water black 
 ooze. This day, tliey faw many (hoals of fifli, fwnn- 
 ming even with the furfuce of the water. I'afling 
 along the coafl, they obfervcd two fmall round hills, 
 (yet the hiifliell they faw all day) fecming to be u 
 league from the other, which is the cape j and betweei. 
 them abundance of trees. 
 
 On the 29th they came to anchor at the cape, half 
 a mile from land, in a road dole by the fide of two 
 hills, in 10 fathoms water, where Ihips may ride jn 
 live or fix i for the ground clean, and the wind was 
 always oiY ftiore. As loon as they were all at anchor, 
 the general and captains, virith the mailers, went 
 un board the George, and havinu dined, concluded to 
 land i ?nd by the advice of Mr. Bats, both captain 
 and merchants, and many of the company ; went 
 without arms, though againll their wills ; ' he faid 
 that although the people were black, and naked, yet 
 they were civil. There went on ftiovc the admiral's 
 dcil^', and the May-flower's boat, and in them about 
 20 perfons, as the general, his brother Thomas Va- 
 lentine, John Worme, and Francis Leigh, mer- 
 chants, John Howard, Thomas Bats, Nicholas Day, 
 John I'hompfon, and others. At their landing, there 
 were above 100 negros, without their bows and 
 arrows, walking to and fro, as could be perceived 
 from the (hips. The captains and merchants talked 
 with them ; and according to the cuftom of the rnun- 
 try, they demanded pledges of each ncKei. The ne- 
 gros were content tu deliver three of their men for 
 ni'c KM'iiCi.incn, who were John Howard, William 
 Bats, N icholas Day, John Thompfon, and John Cur- 
 tis. Thefc were delivered them. They then began 
 to talkof bufinefs. I'he Englilh gave them to un- 
 derftand, that they had brought woollen cloth, 
 linen cloth, iron, chcefe, and other things. The 
 negros, in their turn, let them know, that they had 
 civet, muflc, gold and pepper, which pleafed the cap- 
 tain and mercTiants very well ; who at the negros 
 rcqucft, diredtly fent on board one of the boats 
 for part of their merchandife to ihew them. In the 
 mean time the five pledges walked on the (horc with 
 the negros, and the commander with the rcll, (laid in 
 the other boat by the fea-fide, having the three negros 
 with them. The boat being returned, brought iron, 
 and other merchandife, with bread, wine, and cheefe, 
 which they gave the negros. Then two of the pledges 
 feigning themfelves fick, defired to goon (hore, pro- 
 niifing to fend two others in their Head, Captain 
 Howard perceiving his men had let the negros come 
 on (hore, afkcd what they meant, and doubting the 
 worft, began to draw towards the boat ; two or three 
 of the negros followed liin> ; and when he came to 
 the boat, would have (lopped him. He made figns 
 that he would fetch them more drink and bread ; not- 
 wiihllanding which, one of them caught him by the 
 breeches, to pull him back ; but he fpringing from 
 him, leaped into the boat. As foon as he was in, 
 one of the negros on (horc, began to blow a pipe ; 
 whereupon the third negro pledge, who was fitting on 
 the boat's fide, and ^fr. Worme's fword by him, 
 fuddenly drew it out of the fcabbard, and leaping 
 into the fea, fwam to (hore. Soon after this, the 
 negros laid hands on the Engli(h that were on (hore, 
 and violently tore the cloatbsoiF the back« of Day, 
 
 Bats, and Thompfon, leaving them naked ; they alf«> 
 (hot fo thick into the boat, that they could hardly fei 
 hand to the oafs to row (rom the (horc. Many o( 
 them were hurt with their poifoncd ario'A s. The pcr- 
 fon is incurable, if the a''row enters the (kin, and 
 draw^ blood, unlefs it is immediately fucked out, or 
 the woundetl part be cut away ; for othcrwife he dies 
 in four days. Within three hourk after the hurt, 
 wherefoever it br, it ftrikes to the heart, taking 
 away the appetite, and caufinir violent vomitings, 
 the parly loathing both meal andorink. 'I'he negros, 
 aft^r they had iileil the pledge!! fo roughly, led thtin 
 aw.y to a town, about a mile from the watcr-fidc. 
 Next day the (kiff was fent on ihore with eight per. 
 ('on', one of whom was the afnnfaid John 'I'hompibn, 
 and the interpreter, a Frenchman, (for one o( the 
 ncgrus fpokc good French:) they can icd with them 
 
 tAo harquebulivs, and two targets. I'he caule 
 
 of fending them was, to learn what ranfom they 
 demanded for Bats and Day, whom they detained. 
 I'he negro being made acquainted with wh.it they came 
 about, 40 or 50 of them went and fetched them from 
 among the trees. Being come within a Hone's tlirow of 
 the fea-fide, William Bats broicu from them, (for they 
 were not bound) and ran as fall as he could into the 
 fea towards the boat ; but hap|>encd to fall jull as he 
 had entered the water, cither by being out of bicath, 
 or his foot dipping in the fand, which wat fofr, tJia 
 negros came up before he could recover himfelf, and 
 feixing him, hauled him fo, that the rcll thought 
 they would have torn him in pieces. Having torn the 
 cloaths off his back again, fome of them hurried him 
 and his brother in afflidion away to their town : the 
 rcll (hot at thofe who came to ranfom them with theic 
 poifoned arrows, and hurt one Andrews in the finall 
 of his leg, whofe life the furgjcon had much ado to 
 fjve. Notwithllanding all this, the admiral fent 
 once more to them, offering any thing they defired 
 for the ranfom of the Englilhmen, but then would not 
 deliver them ; returning rb;s stniwer, Fhat threa 
 wetks before the;.' aitival, an Englilh (hip came into 
 tharr<7ie£, and carried off three negros; fo that till 
 fuch time as they were brought again, they would 
 not rellorc thtir men, even though they (hould give 
 
 their three (hips to releall- them. On the 21ft, a 
 
 French (hip of tio tons arrived in the road, to traffic 
 at the cape ; the Englilli told them of their detain- 
 ing their two men, and perceiving tlicy were in 
 great favour with the negros, inlreated them to ne- 
 gociate their ranfom, the admiral promifing to p.iy 
 him I col. in cafe he procured their leleafe, and 
 brought them off; and having thus committed the 
 matter to his care, departed. Of the men who were 
 hurt by the negros arrows, four died ; and one (0 fave 
 his life, had his arm cut off; Andrews continued 
 lame, not able to help himfelf ; and only two reco* 
 vered of their wounds. < 
 
 They left Cape Verde on the 26th, and on the 
 z8th fell in with Bona Vifta, 86 leagues diftant ; the 
 fame day they came to an anchor about a league with 
 the wellermoll point, and found in the founding, hit 
 fand in 10 fathoms water; but (hips may approach 
 the (horc, till within five or fix fathoms ; for the 
 ground is clean. As C'vm as they were at anchor* 
 the general fent his pinnace to land, and found five 
 or fix fmall houfes, but the people were ded to the 
 mountains. Next day he fent again, and met witH 
 two Portuguefe, who willingly went on board with his 
 men. He made them welcome, although they were 
 but poor ; and having given each a pair of (hoes, or- 
 deri-d them to be let albore again. The 30th, they 
 came to a bay in a fmall ifland, about a league diflant, 
 lyine in 16 degrees, and took plenty of divers forti 
 of ROx. 
 
 The next day the admiral, with fome of his men, 
 went on (hore to the houfes, where he found 12 Portu- 
 guefe. In all the ifland there were not above 30 per-, 
 Ions, who were banifhed men, fome for more years, 
 fome for Icfs ; and amongft them, there was one Am- 
 ple man, who was their captain. They live upon 
 7 gnatt 
 
to C. I' I N r A AND T li E E A S t INDIES, 
 
 3.1 1 
 
 {;nats flcft), cocks, liens, and frcfii \va;i r : otlur vic- 
 luali imy had noii", c\ci|)lii;,; ii(h, which Ihcy il- 
 Uiincd not; neither li.uc Ih. y any boats to (.^ileli 
 Ihtiii. I liry riporicil that this id.imi was jjivii' hy the 
 king ot I'ortu^al to one ot his geiuliincn, wlio h.ul 
 Jet It out to rent nt too ducats a year, which Cum was 
 railul out ot fkinsoniyi for if they may be credited, 
 40,000 of thele flsins have been lent trom hence to 
 roitui;.il in one year. 'I'hefe people made tlic Kiig- 
 lilh very welcome, and entertained them to the bell ol 
 their power. 'I'hey gave them tlic flefli of as many 
 eoats as they would have, taking much pains to 
 catch and bring them from the mountains 011 their 
 affes. 
 
 On the 3d of February they departed, and the fame 
 day fell in with the ifland of Mayo, which is four- 
 teen leagues from the former. In the middle between 
 both there is a rock to be fccn. They anchored on the 
 north-weft fide of the ille in a fine bay, where there 
 was eight fathoms water, and white land ; but on the 
 Ath departed, and came to St. J.igo, about five leagues 
 Jiftant, caft and by foutli. Hemg arrived within the 
 weftcrmoft point, they faw a fine road, and a fmall 
 town by the watcr-fidc, with a fort, or plat-form by 
 it. There they propoi'ed to come to anchor, and the 
 merchant! to fell fome goods; but before they came 
 within Ihot, two cannons weredileharged at them, on 
 which they turned off; and failing along the fhore two 
 orthreclcagr caft anchor in a fmall bay, ini4fa 
 thorns, and good ground. t)n the fliorc, there were 
 two or three little hbufes. Within an hour after they 
 oblcrved a number of horfe and foot on the land, 
 right againft them, riding and running to and fro. 
 
 A great company of both fexes appearing the next 
 ilay on the fnorc, the admiral fent to know if they 
 were willing to traffic with them. They fcnt word 
 that they would be glad to fpcak to him, promifin;j, 
 that if he came to trade as a merchant, he ihoiild be 
 welcome, and be fupplied with whatever he fliould 
 in r.-alon demand.— —With this anfwcr he and 
 and the whole company being very well plcafed, he 
 theretore ordered his iioats to be made ready j but for 
 fear of treachery, caufed them to be armed, putting 
 a double b.ife in the head of his pinnace, and two 
 fingle bales in the head of the (kift'. 'I'hc boats of the 
 Mayflower, and the George, were put in the fame 
 pollute of defence. 
 
 'I'hus the commander went in his fkiff towards the 
 Ihoie, where there were 60 horfemcn or more, and 
 aco foot, all armed, ready to receive them. Hut 
 being alarmed at their number, he fent one with a 
 flag of truce, to know their pleafurc. 'l"hey fcnt 
 back word, with many fair promifcs and oaths, that 
 their intentions were linccre, and that they meant like 
 gentlemen and merchants to traffic with him ; add- 
 ing, tliat their captain was coming to fpcak with 
 him, and therefore defired that the Englifh would 
 land. On the return of the mefienger with this an- 
 iwer, the general caufed his pinnace to row forward j 
 and as he drew near the fhore, the Portuguefe came in 
 a great company in the moll footliing manner, ftretch- 
 ingout their aritis, and bowing thcmfelvcs with their 
 bonnets oft", carneftly defiring the admiral and mer- 
 chants to land ; which yet he would not confent to, 
 without fuSicient pledges. At length, they agreed to 
 fenil two fuch as he (liould approve of, promifin;.^ at 
 the fame time, to let theii have frefti w ater, vichials, 
 money, or negros for wares, if they were fuch as 
 they liked J defiring that a hill of parcels might be 
 ftiu them, with the names and quantities of the fcve- 
 ral commodities. The admiral promilc-d it ftiould be 
 done ; and being gone a little from the fliore, caufed 
 his bales, and iMrijuerhuftl-y, to be ftiot uft'j the 
 fllins, in like maniui, difcharged five or fix pieces 
 of great ordnance. Moft of the Portuguefe departed, 
 cxpci'ling fuch is were to watch and receive the note, 
 which W.1S fent about four in the afternoon. 
 
 1 hrco leagues to the wcHward, behind a point, 
 was a town clofc to the fea-fide, v\herc, with all fpeed, 
 th.-y made ready four carav.il?, and two brigantines, 
 VwL. I. No. ^9. 
 
 which wcr; likc''alUys, furnifiiii.,' them lolh with 15^/1 
 
 ir..\ny as tliiy could t.irry ; 
 
 men and <.rdn:ince 
 
 a.-. Iiioii as it was night, t.inie row iiig dole under t!;e 
 Ihore towards the (hips, fo that the litnd bein;_' high, 
 and the weather foiiuthiiig ha/y, the Kn|.lilh tould 
 not lee them till ihty were jiili ag.iiiift the May- 
 flower. Jiv this time it was ime or two in the morn- 
 ing, and the Mayflower riding nearir th.in than tin- 
 other two, by a b.ife fhot, ihiyniade.i lure account 
 either to have taken or burnt lur. In the mean 
 time, thofe on the watch, (little lufpeifting any tna- 
 ehcry, after fo many fair promiks) ninde fuch a noife, 
 fingiiig and playing, that there being hut a fmall galu 
 of wind, they might be heard from the ftlore ; they 
 wcrefo taken up v\ith their mirth, th:it they did not 
 obferve the motions of their pretended fri'iuls ; nei- 
 ther had they one piece of cannon primed, or any 
 one thing in leadinefs. They were within gun-(hoi 
 of the Knglilh before they were perceived, when om: 
 of the men happened to fee a light, looked out, and 
 efpied the (our (hips : he fuddenly cried out, (j.dleys • 
 galleys ! at which cry they were all amazed. At tl:^- 
 lame time the I'ortugucle (liot ofV their ordiKince, 
 their harqucbuftl's, and then ligliting their car- 
 tridges of wild-fiie, came on with great fliouts, an- 
 fwered by thofc on the Ihorc, ftill approaching nearer 
 and nearer to the Mayflower, which getting ready one 
 gun, (hot at, and put them to the (land. Soon after 
 the enemy charged again, and gave them another broad 
 fide, during which theKnglKh had got 3 pieces ready, 
 and let them oft'a(i;cond time. Notwithllanding this, 
 the Portuguefe advanced, and at length approached ("0 
 near, as to be within arrow's fiiot. Whereupon they 
 having a gale of wind from Ihore, hoifted their fore- 
 fail, and cutting their cable at the hawlc, went to- 
 wards the admiral; yet the Portugucle continued fol- 
 lowing and (hooting at them, and Ibmctimes at the 
 admiral: but the admiral lent them one (liot, which 
 made them retire, and at length they went awav. 
 Although the Portuguefe came on them by furprile, 
 and poured in all their bullets at once, neither m:Mt 
 nor boy was hurt ; but what damage was done to the 
 enemy, the Englilh could not tell. 
 
 They now thought it belt to ftay there no longer, 
 but immediately fct fail towards Fuego, 12 leagues 
 from thence, and came to anchor on the i ith againft 
 a white chapel, within a league of the moft wefterrt 
 end of the ifland, and half a league ofF a little town. 
 In this ifland was a very high hill, which burnt 
 continually, and the inhabitants reported, that about 
 three years before, the whole country had like to have 
 been burnt, with the abundance of fire that ilTucd 
 out. About a league to the weft of the chapel, was a 
 good fpring of frelh water, with which they were fup- 
 plied. They have no wheat here ; but there grows a 
 (ced they call Mill (or Millet) which makes good 
 bread, and peafc like thofe of Guinea. They have 
 likewife plenty of moft kinds of hearts, and goats. 
 Their merchandife is cotton, which grows there. 
 The inhabitants are Portuguefe, who are forbidden to 
 traffic with the EngIKh or French, for vidlualsor any 
 other thing, except they are compelled to it. There 
 lies off this ifland another called Biava, which 
 is not more than two leagues over. Here is (tore 
 of goats, and many trees, but not above three or four 
 pcrfons dwelling in it. Shaping their courfe on the 
 25th of February, towards the iflands of Azores, on 
 the 23d of March, they had fight of Flores, and Cor- 
 vo, about two leagues to the north-weft of it, 
 where they came 'to anchor on the 27th, oppofite a 
 village of about 12 indifFcrent houfes; but in the 
 night being difturbed by a gale of wind, which caufed 
 them to drag their anchors, they hoifted fail, and went 
 to Flores, where they faw furprifing (trcams of wa- 
 ter defccnding from the high cliff's, occafioned by the 
 great and fudden fall of rain. 
 
 On the 29th, they came again to Corvo, and caff 
 
 (anchor; but a ftorm (which continued feven or eight 
 hours together) obliged them to flip a cable and 
 anchor, thinking to have recovered tbeoi again, 
 4 R- when 
 
 ^■.. 
 
3J* 
 
 V O Y A (5 E S OF THE ENGLISH 
 
 I 
 
 ( 1 
 
 :( 
 
 when the wind WIS all.iycit i but tliu Port iir;iK Ce liail 
 Ci'.'i. r . iica or IjioiUj tliiiii. Uuili to;;«.'thpr wtic 
 Wuuii II .yc fur,) |) ,uikI^. (Jii tlir iSih of April, 
 they tujk in w..tii .it !• lores ; licrc llKir cubic Ikmi;; 
 frat;il witha rciU, liii<ki', uiiJ wii!i ii thiy lull iiiiu- 
 thii iinihor. I tun they fet l.iil m I'.u.il, almut 
 ul,ii.li lifi tlircc othiT ill.imls, lmIIlJ I'ia>, S.iint 
 (icjiiji-, jiiii Cir.Kiof.i, whuji thiy luil fii;ht vi iin 
 th'J iitli. Ali.i ua tlic 29th, tlit-y call ;\ni.iiori)ii tlif 
 liiu;ii-.\clt lii'i of I'.iyii, 111 a line ba\ , with tviiiu) 
 tuu) taihcMi, svatcr, againll a little town, « luri.- they 
 llail h( til In 111 water an. I victuals. In this iilaiiJ there 
 crows _, ri.il wooj i which, according to the inha- 
 bitani;, i.s in better than the wuud cither of St. 
 Mil nail or 'I'lrccra. 
 
 J ncy came to I'crcera 011 the bth of May, where 
 th'-y n.ct with a I'ortiijjiufe (liip, and bciiijj deliitutc 
 of a c.ib'...- and anchcr, the jMural caufed tlicni to 
 keep her company, to lie if (ho could conveniently 
 (pare llv.in an\. Tlic next iiu riiiiij;, ll-.cy perceived 
 beariiii; with tnem a great lliip and iwo car.ivals, all 
 Well appointed, which as they judjj'd, were of the 
 Iciiij; of PortUjjal's fleet j on which the Eiiglilh 
 prepared thenilelvcs lor their delcnce. I'lu'lhili 
 
 was one of the king's, ha\ iiv; about 400 tons 
 biird..ii, witli 300 men, being well .ippoiiited with 
 brals cannon, lime of them To hijr, that their (hot 
 was Hi laryi as a man's hc:\d. As loon as thrv wire 
 wiih.n foot of the admiral, they biaiidiflied their 
 iworils, and /hot at her; and while ihi men prepared 
 (:r their datiice, the gicat ihip dilchari-ed a whole 
 broail-lidc at her, and tli; four largelk guns that lay in 
 lier licrn ; u hereby foinc of the crew were hurt j the 
 rcif rcijuiting them as well as ihiy couUl with their 
 fliot. After this, two other c.ir.<\al-, and two pin- 
 naces full of men, came from Ihoic, and delueied 
 them on boaid the ureal Ihipj with which, and the 
 c.tr.Tval, the .idmirar fought three limes the firft day. 
 When It giew dailc, thty left oil" ihootinir ; yet lli'll 
 kept up with her all nijjht ; durin:; which interval, 
 the f.iilors wire cniplovcd to mend the ropes, and 
 ftreiij^lhen their bulwarks, rtfohin;; rather ti die 
 than b. taictii by thcin. On the loth, in the morn- 
 ing, there wcrecoine toaid llie PortUj^uere, foutj^reat 
 c.'iiavals moie, (which made leven in all) three ol 
 them Were, at lead, of lOO tons burden each, well 
 appointed,' and full of men. They all bore down 
 upon the admiral, and one of the crcat caravals 
 came to lay her aboari!, having prepared their 
 nettings, and every thing elll- for that puriiofe, 
 advancing on her larboard, and the caravai on 
 her Iturboard. The captain and mafter perceiving 
 their defi^n, ordered tlic gunners to charge the 
 guns wiiTi crof>-bar.'i, chain and hail-fljot. As 
 toon as the fhip and caraval were rij;lit in her fides ; 
 they poured in their (hot as fad as they could, think- 
 ing to have laid licr Coon aboard ; whereon (lie 
 gave tliem I'uch a welcome with both her fides at once, 
 
 tiiat they were glad to fall a-(lcrn, and paufe upon it 
 the lp.ice of two or three hours, the wind being very 
 fmall. Tlieii came u)> the other five, and h;uing all 
 (hot at her, fell a-llcra likewife, and went to coufult 
 with the re(l. In the mean time, the (iii.ill bark, 
 tienrge, coining up, conferred u good while with the 
 admiral j then perceiving the Portiigiule videlu 
 alvance, dropped aftcrn of het, intending to come up 
 a^^ain i but falling to leeward, it was lo long before 
 (he could till her (ails a;;aiii, for want of wind, that 
 both the riilp mid caiavaU wcrccome up to the adini* 
 ral. However, the bark falling in among them, 
 played her part very well, and though live of the 
 cjiavals followed her, (he defended heilcll againll: 
 tlieiii all, while the great (hip and other caravals, 
 attacked the adiniral, and fouf.ht her all that day witli 
 their ordnance. 'I 'hat night the iVl.iy- flower coming up, 
 (which (he could not do before for want of wind) the 
 c.i|)tain told them what damage had been done him ; 
 and defiled, if they could fpare h?lf a dozen frefli men, 
 to hoift out their boat, and fend them to him ) but 
 they faid they could not, and fo bore away again. 
 Next niornliij/, when the enemy law the KngIKh 
 (hips Kill departed, they came up to the admiral oncu 
 more, and began a furious light, with much (lioiit- 
 ing and nolle, thinking ei:lier to board or finic 
 her i the Kn'^lKh failors, (although their number 
 was but Ihiall) that the enei.iv (liould not think 
 them afraid, made as much (liouting as they could, 
 and waved to them to come and board them if they 
 durlt. That they would not venture to do, feclni; 
 them fo courageous, and having fought the admiral's 
 (hip all that day, were at lall obli.jed to cjuit her. 
 The M.iy-llower came the next morning, and 
 brought (i.x men to the admiral, taking b»ck fomc that 
 werewoundeil in return. — — 
 
 Proceidlii:; now for Knglanil, they came in fi;;ht of 
 the I,iiard on the 2d of June i and on the 3d, they 
 (aw a Poriu^uefe veifel, which they ordered to fend a 
 boat on board them ; and demanded what was their 
 lading? 'Ko which, they anfweied, fugar and cotton, 
 'ihen the Knglifh captain (hewing them five ncgros, 
 alfied whether they would buy thein, which they 
 appt.irlng very defirous to do, agreed to give forty 
 fmall ehclls for them. Five of thcl'c had been deli- 
 veicd, when the Englifliman perceivcdalaige Ihip ami 
 a fmall one bearing down upon him, defircd them to 
 take their fugar back, that he might prepare for his 
 defeiKc. Jjut the trading velltl tarnellly intrcatinf; 
 the admiral not to leave her, the latter agreed, and 
 lowered her topfails to wait for her. At length how- 
 ever, the fuppofed enemy (hcered off; and the 
 Engliflimen, purfuing their courlc, faw the Start Point 
 on the 5th of June, and came to anchor under the 
 Iflc of Wight, from whence they afterwards pin- 
 ceeded to Southampton, and thus completed their 
 voyage without farther moUdaiion. 
 
 VOYAGES TO BENIN beyond GUINEA, in ijSS, and 1590, 
 
 B Y J A M E S W E L S II. 
 
 THESE voyages were fet forth by Me(rrs. Bird 
 and Newton, merchants of London, with a 
 (hip called the Richard of Arundel, burthen lOOtons, 
 and a pinnace. On the 1 2th of Odobcr, weighing 
 anchor from Ratcli(F, they went to Dlackwall, and 
 nnxt day f.:i!cd from thence : but by rcafon of con- 
 trary winds and bad weather, it was the 25tli, before 
 they reached Plymouth ; where they were unluckily 
 wcath-r-bniind till the 14th of December, when 
 putting to fca, about midnight they were athwart of 
 the Lizard. 
 
 On the 2d of January, they had fight of the land 
 near Rio del Oro ; anti there had twenty-two degrees 
 forty-feven minutes latitude. On the 3d, they had 
 fight of Cape De las Barbas, bearing fouth-ea(t, five 
 leagues off; on the 4th, in the morning, Croliers j 
 and on the 7th, oflf" Cape Vcrd ; where Welflj found 
 the latitude, fourteen degrees and forty-three 
 minutes, being four leagues from the (liore. On the 
 17th, Cape de S'lont, bore from them north-north-eaft, 
 they founded, and had fifty fathoms black ooze i anil 
 6 at 
 
TO G U I N i: A AND THE EAST I N D I K 
 
 131 
 
 
 ■,<)0, 
 
 ic bnJ 
 Icgrees 
 cy had 
 }, five 
 oilers i 
 found 
 -three 
 On the 
 h-caft, 
 and 
 at 
 
 •t two o'clock, it lay north-noiih-v.TlV, ei-ht leagues 
 oft'. Cape M. iifuLiilo bore oil' ihini calt hy I'outh, 
 HiiJ wcnl nortli-iail with (hi: ccull, Hi re the tiii leni 
 f.-is e,ill-limih t.iH ;iloii;^' the Ihore. At miilnighl 
 they (ounJtd, juJ h.ul tiunty-lix L.thonis bl.:tk oo/.c. 
 On tlic i8ih, ill iIk- nioriiiiii,', thiy wtie neai a 
 luml much lilc- Cape Venl, nine kNi(;iies (as tliu 
 aiilhor juilgiii) tidiii Cape MinluraJo. it n a hill 
 ftddle-batlinl i ami there are l.iur or liie one alter 
 anoil.Lrj iivc.i .■ ,;ucs more to the luuiiiAaril, they 
 law a row ol laJ.ili -batked hills, and from Menliirailo 
 run many mountains. 
 
 Thiy were in tlie hrightnfRioJel Seftos.onthc iqth, 
 an i next day, Cape Ui - liai/as was iiorili and by wed, 
 tiny bi'inn; tour leai;ues ort" ilion . In ihe atUriioon, 
 tlliiecaiiii. a boat with tiirti- lUiiro^, from a plate as 
 (as they laid) calKd rahunooi aiiJ towards eveii'ii^", 
 they were oppolhc an illand, with a great many Iniall 
 ill inds or roek', to the louihwaid. 'I'lie current 
 cain^ from the !■ utli ; they lounJed, and li.ij thirty- 
 fivi latlioms. OiithezilV, they law a flat lull, bear- 
 in;^ II jtth-iiorth -Lilt, beiim lour leagues from (horc ; 
 and at two o'clock in the af.ernoon, Ipokc with a 
 Frenchman, riding by a place tall J Crua. I his 
 Frencnman carried a Kttcrfrom them to Mr. New ton, 
 (one of the uJventiin-is). And as th'y lay at hull, 
 while the letter \'. as wiiting, the turr.nt let them 
 to the fouthwaul, a good Ipiice along th.' Ilioro, 
 fouth-foutli-e.ili. (Jn the .'ith, they weie in llu 
 height of the bay, that is I" the w<ll of Cape 'Ires 
 Puiitas; the cur.-eiit kttiiit; eail-nuilh-eall. On ihe 
 aUth, they 1 ly lix glalils a hull. Haying for the 
 pinnace. The laft of January, at feveii in the 
 irniininu', they were up with the middle part ol the 
 Ca)>e, (liKL leagues dillant. At tight, the piMin.ci 
 came to anchor, and they found tiie curient let to 
 the tallward. At lix at night, the ulternioll land 
 bore e.dt by fouih, five leagues, they (h.iping ihcir 
 courle fouth-wefi, and fouth-weil-liy-louth. On 
 the I ft of February, they were oppofitea very round 
 foreland, which they took for the calitrmolf 
 part of the Cape i within the fore-land wasa'^reat 
 bay, and in tint an illand. On the 2d. th'y v'cre 
 up with the cidle of Mina, and when the third glafs 
 of their liK>k-out was fpent, fpied under their larboard 
 quarter, a boat *itli certain negros, and one I'ortu- 
 guefc in it. 'I"he mifter would have had hiin come 
 onboard, but he would not. I'pon the high rocks 
 over the call!-, they perceivid two watch-houfes, (fo 
 they firmed to them) which ap|icartd very white; 
 they IKered cafl-iiorth-ealf. On tha 4th, in the 
 morning, they were oppofitc .n great high hill, (.uul 
 up in the land, there were more hii;,h, ragged lulls) 
 but little ftior;, as they reckoned, of Monte Rodon- 
 do, and twenty leagues I'outh-ealtward from the 
 Mina. At eleven, the mafttr faw two hills within 
 land, feecn leagues from the former ; and to the 
 feawaid a bay, at the call end whereof, was anotlier 
 hill ( the land from the hills lyina very low. Their 
 courfc waseaft-north-eaft, and tali by north, twenty- 
 two leagues i and then cart along the (horc. On the 
 6th, they were ftiort of Villa Lon;>a, .ind met with a 
 Portii-uefc caraval. Next day, which was fair and 
 tenipMate, they rode before \ ilia Longa. On the 
 8th, at noon, they let fail again, and ten leagues 
 from thence anchored, flaying all that night in ten 
 fathoms >vater. On the gth, they proceeded along the 
 ihore, which was bordered with very thick woods; 
 and in the afternoon, were near a river, to the 
 caftward of which, a little way off was a great high 
 tree, fccmingly without leaves ; at night they an- 
 chored, the weather being fair and tcm|>cratc. The 
 10th, they went eaft, and cafl-'jy-fouth, fourteen 
 leagues along the ihore j which was covered with very 
 thick woods. Towards night, they anchored in 
 
 * Th.it in all iIil- time of tlicir flayirj'. in the mouth of tlie 
 river Benin, nnil all the cuall tltcicabo\it ; it w.i^ t.iii tcmjiern'e 
 WUthcr, when lUe wiud wan at luuih-wcUj and when at 
 
 feven f.illiomsi th? weather fair. Onilieillh, thry 
 failed tali by foiitli, and three I agues Irom Ihore, 
 h.idhut five fathoms water. All the wood upmi th: 
 land was as even as if it h.id been cut with 'gardener's 
 ihetrs. Running two leagu--, they difcovrred a high 
 tuft of trees upon the brow of a land, which (hewed 
 likea porpniu's he.id I and when they ramc at it, 
 l.iuiid it was hut part of the land. A lea'!;uc farther, 
 they law a very low head-land lull of trees i and great 
 way from the Ihore, meeting w ith very (hallow water, 
 th( v went more to fca to avoid the lands, and then 
 the) anchored in the mouth of the River Java, in five 
 lathi ms water. On the 12th, they fcnt the pinnace 
 and the boat to find with the meicliants, who re- 
 turned not till next mornin;';. Ihe (hallowelt part 
 of this river, is towards the well whcic there i^ but 
 four fathoms and a half; and it is very broad. Here 
 tilt current fitting wrflwaid j and the enllermoll land 
 is hi.;hi r than the weltermoft. On the 13th, they 
 let l.iil, and by fouth-fouili-eall aloii;; t!ie ihore, v. h' rc 
 tile trees are wonderfully even. fLuiiij; runeightceii 
 leagues, they had light of a great river, and anehoieJ 
 in three fathoms and a halt, the current running 
 Wtftward. 'I'his was the rivir <:', Hi'iiin, and two 
 leagues from fliore it is very (hallow. On thr 15th, 
 they f nt the boat and pinnaic into the river with the 
 merchants; and hec.iik- they rode in ihallow water, 
 wi lit louih-louth-eart till thi y came into five fathoms. 
 Hy this time the boat returned from the harbour, and 
 went on board the pinnace. The land to the weft- 
 ward was high browed, while that to the eallward 
 was lower, and Ind on it three tufts of trces^ 
 like (lacks of com. FTeie they rode from the 14th of 
 lebiii.iry, till the 14th of April, with the wind at 
 loiith-»( ft. On the 16th of ftbruary, the boat and 
 pinnae ■ came to t!icm apain out of the river, and told 
 liicm, that llicr.- v. as but ten feet water upon t!ie 
 bar. All that night was hazy, and yet relon..bly 
 tinipcratc. Onthel7'li, at dole of day, the wind 
 at fouth-wcll ftill, the inerchaiits put their goods on 
 board the pinnace. There came a great current out 
 of the river, and fet to the WLllwaid. Next day they 
 went with their goods into the river. 'I'he weather 
 w.as clofc and hazy, with thund-T, rain, and 
 lightning. 'I'he 24th, in the morning, dole and 
 temperate; in the afternoon, the boat came out of 
 the river from the merchants. On the 4th of March, 
 a dole fultry hot morning, the current went to the 
 wcftward, and much troubled water came out of the 
 river. On the i6th, the pinnace came on boRrd with 
 Anthony Ingram in her, and brought ninety-four bags 
 of pcpjjcr, and twenty-eight elephants teeth; bur the 
 mailer of her, ainl all the company were fick. This 
 was a temperate day, and the wind at South-weft, 
 and continued fo for three days. On the igth, the 
 pinnace went into the river again, and carried the 
 purfer and furgeon. On the 25th, they f. nt the 
 boat into the river. On the 30th, the pinnace came 
 from Henin, and brought 159 cerons or lacks of 
 pepper, and elephants teeth, with the Ibrrowful 
 news, that Thomas Heinfted was dead, and their 
 captain alfo. They fet fail homewards on the 
 13th of April, in the morning, with the wind .it 
 fouth-weft, and (food we(t-and-by-north. — But it 
 proved calm all that night ; and the current ran 
 fouth-eaft. On the 14th, being feven Irr.ijues from 
 (horc, the river of Benin was north-caft. I'hcre was 
 little wind all day ; and towards night it was calm. • 
 The lythwas a fair temperate dav, the wind va- 
 riable ; and they found the latitude four de; cs 20 
 minutes. The 25th, was a day altogether like the 
 former ; and here they had three degrees and 29 min. 
 of l.ttitude. The 8th of May, they had fight of the 
 (hore, which was part of Cape de Monte, but they 
 did not think they had been fo far : this was occa- 
 
 fioncd 
 
 north-caO, and northcrlvi it rained, with lightning tai 
 thunder, and was very intcnipcrait. 
 
 I56C 
 
3o» 
 
 VOYAGES OF THE E N f) L I 5 I! 
 
 1500 (io:n.'«l bv the furr^nt-. In thi-. i').nv Mr. 'Inwcrfor 
 > I , — ■< Wot in like iiianiicr tiictivv'. (Jit ihc (iili chiy hiul fiyhl 
 ot Cipe ilr Mi)ntc. Tlu- 171I1, u.t% u liaik U.y/) 
 djy i juid tn the iiifjht, 1 .,c author Um llit- Noi ili Sur 
 lut che lird tune. The Jliih wj^ * tuiipi'r.iic djy, 
 Willi little wiii'l, .iiivl :hiy were 111 n lieLTcct 13111111. 
 iif UtiluJf, 'J'hc I ^lU thiy nKt wiih 4 or^t fra out 
 ui tho iiuith-u\'l( ihc oih ul jiiiiv iTii.'y found it 
 jj ti'iTi|Hi.Ui i« ii ihcy h.ul been in Ln);l.in(l, .nnd yet 
 they were ujihin the lK'ii;lil 01' ilie lun : fur it t^a^ 
 ileciineO n degrees and zfi iiiniul«»lo the nonliward, 
 jiml they h.itl i5dct>rci'H il Utiiude. The 2dth the^ 
 luJ the Unic fui c UI HciUiir, a>id met with a counter 1 
 lui Hum '.he I'Aiilu { 
 
 i)a the ijih ot JiiK, in i, dej^rccs of latitude,! 
 lliev OKI «iih .1 great iiumtity ot weed-, which 
 Kielt iimtili r like t'ulKrs nt gripes, and thiscon- 
 iiiiued iili tile 17th, when they were in 32 depr.es 4(1 
 minutes, and timi Um »o more. The jjtli jt fix in 
 thi: Miuinin^, rlicv had liijlit of the Ifleol I'lke, bear- 
 ing north by call, 15 le;i^ucs oil'. Jlie 27111 they 
 i|)uli.e with the pult 01 London, and they told them 
 ioiM\ iiewi of h.f':' inJ. The jyth they had fi^ht ol 
 <;ieiltand "I C'oi,.i, and next day faw the illand of 
 ^'l<3te^. 'Ihc . 7ih of Aujjull, in 41 di.;Mees of lat. 
 iheyfaw nine tail of lliips, and were tollowid by 
 tliice ol t'nem till noon, who then j;2vt over thcchace. 
 
 The 30th they haj fight of Capo Kinifterre. 
 
 On the Sill of iieptcinbcr at night, they arrived at 
 t'lyniouth Sound, and roile in Caufon Hay all ni;.'ht. 
 
 I lie i)th ihrv put inio Cj(-water, and thi re ft lid till 
 iiie y8th of ,"11 (iteniber, hy realon of fieknefs and 
 want of men. The /.;ih tin v fei fail from I'l) mouth, 
 and cunc to I .ondon the .?d of OcIoIht, 1 5H9. 
 
 rhc commodities til It were carried in this voyajn 
 wcic, both linen and uoolleii i iron-work of fundry 
 tons, Manillos, or biacelelsof eoj>])er, glafs beads, 
 
 and coral. The meirlundiir that ih.'v brought hr,iw( 
 Were, (irppi r, and ileplianls teeth, oil <-l palm, 
 I'loih ni.ide both ot cotton, and the b.irk of palm- 
 trees, very ciiriouflv woven. 1 heir m<.iv y is |iituy 
 whneUiLlls,« (i.rf.old .iiid liKet the tivjilli l.iw noiir. 
 Culiini i^rows in ^-reit pleiiiyheie. I'htir br>ad is 
 made ol a kind of iooi>, ihiV «.dl it liieinia; il it 
 ple.il.iiit 10 ihc lade, and lijdK of d^jjellion : the loot 
 i» a,s bl^ ;« a iiMn's aim. 1 he tngliUnmn on fill 
 days, had r.itliii eal the root mthoil und iiiie;»ar, 
 ihan ).'ood lloik-hlli. J'herc are palm-trees in j^reat 
 pKiity, aiiU theuineiliat comti from tlirni tonlidir- 
 able : it is white and very pleafant ( and li cheap, that 
 they could by two j(:ii;.,ns (or 20 flulls. Ihey liive 
 Ituieol loap, which liiu lis like beaten Vh'Kin They 
 make pretty inat», and iKilkels, whi<h arc very f\nr, 
 alio ivory Ipooiu, curiuully wrought vtith fitturcs of 
 birds anu bc-.ills. The lightniim and thunder on this 
 coalf is piodigious. The people arc very gentle anil 
 loving: both men and women go nakctl lift they are 
 mat lad, and then they arc covered fiom tlic iniikllc (o 
 the knees. 
 
 I hi- Kiiglifti could buy earthen pot5, the quantity 
 of I'M) gallons, full of honey and honey-combs, for 
 ICO ihills. 'J hiy could alio brinj^ iireat (lore of 
 oranges, and plantains, unich is the fruit uf a tree 
 mudi like a cucumber, but very pleafant to the pa- 
 late. 
 
 'J'he author informs us that he had the att of 
 prrfLrving freih water ; ;iiid that when he carae to 
 Plymouth, the experiment was m:tdc with little cofl 
 on the fame he brought home, (u'nch had fccvcd the 
 Ihipforfix months,] by the pnncipal perlons in that 
 tokvn, who were much lurpriled ut it, and acknow- 
 Icdgeil, there was not Iwccter water in any Ipiing 
 about the place. 
 
 THE SECOND VOYAGE TO BENIN, in 1590. 
 
 ON the 3d of September the fleet fet fail frf.m Rat- 
 clil^, and the 1 8th they ca.nie to I'iymoiiiii Sounii. 
 'I'iig 22d tliey put to fca iigain, and at midnitht were 
 otf the I.izaiU. On the 24th tiny had fight of Cape 
 Verde; and on the 25th th' y met a great hollow lea 
 out of the north. 'Ihc 5lh of November they met 
 with three currents, from tlie well and noriji-welf, 
 within an hour one of another. 'I'liis was in the la- 
 titude of fix degrees, 42 minutes. 
 
 On the 15th of December they were oppofitc a 
 rock two leagues diftant, fomcwhat like the New-flone 
 in England : it is not above a mile from (liore. Here 
 they had iy fathoms water. A mile farther they 
 faw another rock, and between them both, broken 
 ground, where they had but 20 fathoms, and black 
 land i they could plainly dilcern that the rock went 
 along the fhorc, but from the land to the leaward. 
 About five leagues to the fouth they faw a great bay. 
 The latitude was four degrees .ind 27 minutes. The 
 26th they met with a French fhipof Honfleur, which 
 had robbed their pinnace ; they fent a letter by her ; 
 and this night they faw another fpot in the iiin. At 
 his going down towards evening, they were oppofitc 
 a river, and right over the river, was a high tuft of 
 trees. The lylh, being the change of the moon, 
 they anchored in the mouth of the river, and found 
 the land to be Cape de Palnilas. Uetween them 
 .ind the cape there was a great ledge of rocks, one 
 Icajjue and a half from fliorc, and they bore to the 
 Well of the cape. ihey faw alio an illand off the 
 foreland point. Night approaching, they could per- 
 ceive no more of the land, but only that it tended in- 
 wardly tike a bay, where there runs a ftream as if it 
 7 
 
 were in the river of Thames. The l()th, a fair tem- 
 perate day, and the wind Itiuth, they went raft, and 
 the land a-{Jern of thrm bore weft, appearing low liy 
 the w:iter-ride, like ill .ikN. This was the eafl of 
 Cape de Pjimlas, the co.ift tending in with a great 
 found. They went end all night, and in the morn- 
 ing were but three or four leagues from ftiore. The 
 20th they were oppolite a river called Rio de los Bar- 
 bos. On the 2ilt they went eaft along (hore; and 
 three or four leagues to the weft of Cape de tres Pun- 
 tos, Mr. VVelfti found the bay to be fet down deeper 
 than it is by four leagues. At four o'clock the land 
 began to ftiew high, and the firft part of it full of 
 palm-trees. The 24th, ftill going by the (hore, which 
 was very low and full of trees, at 12 o'clock they 
 anchored oppofite the Rio de Boilas Here they fent 
 the boat on ftiore with the merchants, but they durft 
 not put into the river, becaufc of a great fca that con- 
 tinually broke at the entrancn upon the bar. The 
 29th at noon they were oppofite Arda, nnd there they 
 took a caraval j but the negros fled on the land. 
 Going on board, they found nothing in her but 
 a little oil of palm-trees, and a few roots. Next 
 morning the captain and merchants went to meet fome 
 Portuguefc about a coraval they had t:iken, who came 
 in a boat to fpeak with them, about ranfoming the 
 caraval, offcriiig for her certain bullocks and ele- 
 pli.ints teeth, "They gave them one of each fort, and 
 faid they would bring them the reft the next day. The 
 firft of January the captain went alhore to fpeak with 
 
 • Tliele ire called Cauriti, 
 
 tht 
 
 ^*' 
 
TO GUINEA AND TFFE EAST INDIES, 
 
 3i7 
 
 t|l> 
 
 the PortugueA.' i but finding tlirydilTiDbUd, he camr 
 on board aijain, and pri'lciitly unriggiJ ihr c.iraval, 
 •nd let her on fire iH'forc the town. Then pmcccd- 
 ing along the (horc, th< v law a di\tc-trce, by the wa- 
 tcr-(ide, the like of' which is not on iill th.it coalK 
 They ran on urnund a little on on' plare ; then pot- 
 ling to Vill.i l.onga, anchored there. The ^d they 
 were as tar Ihot as Rio dc Lagos, where the nuf 
 chants went on ftiorc, and upon the bar found three 
 fathoms flat, but went not in, becaufc it was late. 
 There is to the eaftw.ird of this river a date-tree, 
 higher than all the date-frees thereabouts. Thus they 
 went along the coafl, which was full of trees and 
 high wooils, anchoring every nijht. 
 
 On the 6th in the morning it was very foggy, fo 
 that they could not fee land i but at three in the 
 afternoon it clearing up, they found thcmfelvcs oppo- 
 fite the river of Jayi, where, meeting with the (hal- 
 low water, they ran out to fca, as they did the voyage 
 before, and came to anchor in five fathoms. Next 
 day they fel fail again, and towards noon came before 
 the river of Heiiin, in five fathoms water. The loth, 
 at two in the afternoon, the captain went on (hore 
 with the lliallop, Kvery morning this week it was 
 foggy till 10 o'clock ; and hitherto the weather was 
 as temperate as the fummcr in Kngland. This day 
 they went into the road, (the well point of which 
 bore eaft north-eafl of them) and anchored in four 
 fathoms water. The lift being a fair temperate day, 
 M. Hallald went to the town of Goto to hear news of 
 the captain. On the 23d the caravil arrived, bring- 
 ing with her 63 elephants teeth, and three bullocks. 
 The 28th was iair and temperate ; but towards night 
 there fell much rain, lightning and thunder. 'I'his 
 day the boat came aboard from Goto. The 24th of 
 February, the wind at fouth-eaft, they took 298 
 facksof pepper, and four elephants teeth. The 26th 
 they got the reft of their goods into the caraval, and 
 M. Hallald went with her to Goto. The 5th of 
 March ftic came back and brought 21 lacks of pep- 
 per, and four elephants teeth. The gth of April me 
 came on board with water ; and this day they loft 
 their flial lop. The 17th was a hazy rainy day. In 
 
 the afternonn tliry fiw three great fpoutsof rain, two 
 on the l.irboard li.lc, and one li 'ht ;i-hea<l, but they 
 I' line not near th-ni. This d.iy thiy took in the lall of 
 their water: ami the 2(ith tliey violu.illnl the carav.il 
 to go lAith them to l\-.\. I'he aytli they fit f.iil home- 
 w.ird, with ihc wind loiith-will j Miid at two (i\ l.^k 
 in the afternoon, the rivet of Htiiiii wuk north-ealb 
 eight leagues from them. 
 
 On the ijth of Auguft they f.ll in with the flict 
 under the I.oril Thomas Howard, adniiial, and Sir 
 Rich.ird (irenville, vice-admiral, which \v s lying 
 at Hull, in waiting for Spanifti ftiips, jo leagues 
 to the fouth-weftof the ifl:uidi)f I'loics. T'licy were 
 detained till the i 5tli at night, ami then li.ul leave to 
 depart, with a fly-boat laden with fiig.ir, that came 
 from Sant Thome, and were taken hv tlic t|ueen'i 
 (hips J the lord admiral i;iving Mr. Walfh great 
 charge not to leave her till (he was harboured in tng- 
 land. T he 23d, the north-eaft part of tlii' idand of 
 Corvo, bore eaft and by fouth, fix l-agiies oft". The 
 17th of SeptemlKT they met a ftiip off I'lymouth, 
 that came from the \Veft Indies, but (lie could tell 
 them no news. The next day they h.id fight of ano- 
 ther fail. This day alio Mr. Wood, one of their 
 company died. The 2 jd tliey (poke with tlie Dr.i- 
 gon, of my lord of Cumberland, wlucli Ivie w.is 
 mafter of. T'lic f)th of Odluber they h.id h lit of 
 Scilly, and wiie forced by rain and wind to put into 
 St. Mary's Sound, wh^re they ftaid four days. De- 
 parting the nth, ihey had three fathoms upon the 
 bar at high water i then fteeriii}^ fouth-eaft, ihrouyli 
 Crowfand j tlicy ihortly after had light of the Land's 
 Knd, and at t'.'n o'clock were oppolite the i^i/.ard. — 
 The 30th they put into Dartmouth, where they ftaid 
 till the I2tli of Deccmbei, when letting fail with the 
 wind at well, on the 1 8th they authored at Limehoufc, 
 where they landed 589 lacks id" pepper, i 51 elephant's 
 teeth, and 32 barrels of the oil of palm-trees. The 
 commodities that were carried out this voy.igc were, 
 broad-cloths, kerfies, linen, iron unwrought, brace- 
 lets of copper, coral, hawks bells, hurfe-tails, hats, 
 and fuch like commodities, 
 
 'S^'.t 
 
 THE VOYAGE OF THOMAS STEPHENS TO GOA. 
 
 TH E firft and moft remarkable of the voyages 
 of the Englifh to the coaft of Guinea, we 
 have found it moft proper to arrange together. We 
 Ihall here notice thofe which were undertaken to the 
 Eaft Indies, or with a view to participate in that trade, 
 or to interrupt the progrefs of foreigners in thole 
 parts. Both before and after the period we are fpeak- 
 ing of, fcveral voyages had been made to the Azores 
 iflands with various luccefs, but not of fufficient con- 
 fcquclicc to be here particularly and feparately noticed. 
 The voyage we are about to prefent the reader, was 
 performed by one Thomas Stephens • who, though 
 he was only paft'enger in the Portuguefe fleet to Goa, 
 the account which lie gave of the niivigation fecins to 
 have been fuch as contributed to influence his coun- 
 trymen in their endeavours to trade in the Indian feas, 
 and if poflible to get fomc footing in thofc remoter 
 regions. 
 
 Our adventurer, with whofe views in undertaking 
 this voy.igc we are not made thoroughly .icquainted, 
 informs us that he left Italy, and arrived at Lilbon at 
 
 * The account is contained in a letter written i>y Mr. Ste- 
 phens to Ilia failicr. lie appeals to lia\c been _» Jefuit, ami 
 was lired at New College, Oxtord. 
 
 Vql. I. N" 29. 
 
 i-*:f 
 
 the end of March, eight days before the departure of 
 the Portuguefe fleet, confifting of five fhips, which 
 left the port on the 4th of April, 1579 j and on the 
 loth of the fame month, the (hip wherein he cm- 
 barked, being alone, was attacked near Madeira by a 
 large Englifli veftcl, which, however, after having 
 excluinged fome few (hot, bore away and left the Por- 
 tuguefe, though they faw her again at the Canaries 
 where they arrived on the 13th. When they palFed the 
 Line, they were much incommoded by fqualls and 
 calms, and here our voy,igcr made fome nautical re- 
 marks, moft of which have however been better illuf- 
 trated by fucceeding voyagers, and with which we 
 (hall not therefore trouble the reader. We (hall only 
 obfcrve that he made the following obfervation on the 
 figns of land to be obferved in approaching the Afri- 
 can coaft. 
 
 " At 3 1 leagues diHant from the coaft, and about 
 200 miles, as they computed, from any ifland, an 
 incredible n imbcr of fowls of various kinds, fol- 
 lowed the (hi), fomc of which were fo large [a fort of 
 eagle] that ti eir wings, when extended, ftrctched 
 above fevcn fpiis, and they could not have wanted 
 fubfiftence, as they were all very fat. Thele fowls 
 were denominated by the Portuguefe according to their 
 diftercnt forms and qualitiiis. In all calm places near 
 4 S thQ 
 
VOYAGES or THE EWOLISM 
 
 i^()i tlic /FqiilnoiDi.il Line tlicy Ovi /hark* abcn' five feet 
 
 ■ l'<ii(s tli.it IoIIdwiJ the villVI ill urJcr 'u irftch any 
 
 tliiiii; th.it tniijht ihiiitc Ik f.ill ovcr-beunl. They 
 
 iillii u\v nuiiUHTi u( Hying filhi inJ their ciicmict the 
 
 Hlbicurcn. 
 
 InlK'.iil (if ilmihling thr Cape oICickkI Hope with- 
 out ((iiiiiii)' 111 li^jitol l.iiul, ihryliavinjr a lAvour.ililc 
 B.>lr, cjiiK f(i iicir the fliori', that h •In- windt fl)if> 
 ing, they wcic in ilanacr of bving y/i:i ^M ufi C pc 
 «li'» Ai|uila«, which is Dtyond the other Cape. After 
 they had lain in dreadful condition, loling their i 
 ant-hcd, and in danger of falling a prey to the roaring ' 
 waves, to favage brail), or yet nioie lavage men, at 
 l( Rgth, the windn ariling, delivered them from ' 
 thi« danger \ and they proceeded on their voyage to 
 India, in the courle of which, thouj^h more than 150 ' 
 were lick, yet not above t«enty-l'cven died j and Mr. 1 
 Stephens enjoyed his health all the way. About the 
 eleventh degree of latitude, they were followed for 
 many days by I'uinc thuul'ands of lilh, which furnilhcd | 
 
 a good fupply of proviriont for them, which how- 
 ever, wa« not a lign of land. Uui at length they 
 took two hawki, which they fuppofid to br .1 (ign 
 that they drew near India | however they were then 
 near Socatora. Here Krong wmdt fpringing up Irimt 
 the norih-eaft, and iiortli-north^raK, they were dc 
 cciveJ tiy currtnti, and continued ten dayi, without 
 coming in fiiiht of land, the fird figm of which, 
 were from fovvl*, which they knew to belong to India | 
 afterwardi they litw palmi, fedge* and Icavn I'wim- 
 ming upon the water 1 tnd on the a4th day of the 
 inonih, they arrived at Gua, where they wrra 
 received with the grcatci> cordiality. I'hc account 
 of thi< voyage ii not fo remarkable (ai we have hinted) 
 for anything, at ibr Iti being the lirft given of any 
 Engliuiinan of ihii navigation, lor which ciiili: we 
 have ^iven it a place in thii colleAion, and hire 
 given It in orderj immediately preceding the Englifll 
 vuyagei to the EiR Indict. 
 
 A VOYAGE T(j THE EAST INDIES in the YEAR 1591, BEING thb 
 FIRST VOYAGE PERFORMED by the ENGLISH to thosb PARTS. 
 
 THK account of this voyage was t.ikcn from the 
 defcri|)tion of Mr. hdinund IJarker, lieute- 
 nant to Cipiain Lancaner. • The fleet lent out, 
 confilted of three large fliips, the Penelope, admiral, 
 CDinmaiided by CJeorgc Raymond ; the Merchant 
 Koyal, vice-admir.il, Abraham Cendcl, captain ; 
 and the Kdward Bon-adventure, rear-admiral, in 
 which WIS James Lancaller. 
 
 On the lotli of April, they left Plymouth, and 
 came to the Canaries the ijth; and departed on 
 the 29th. On the fecond of May, they were in the 
 hei(ilus of Cape Blanco J the Jtli, palled the Tropic 
 ol Cancer -, and on the ijth, they were in the altitude 
 of Cape Vcule. They had a f.iir wind at north-caft 
 till the 131I1, when being within eight degrees of the 
 equator, they met with a contrary gale, which 
 obli'^cd them to lie olf and on in the fea, till the 
 6th of June, and then they pafTed the line. Before 
 thrit, they toolc a Portuguefe caraval, bound from 
 Lifbon to iirafil, wherein they found fixty tuns of 
 wine, 1200 jars of oil, and too of olives j Ixrfidcs 
 fume barrels of capers, three fats of pcafe, and divers 
 • •therncccdaries, which proved better to them than gold. 
 Many of the men fell fick, and two died before they 
 pafled the line, it being extremely unhealthy between 
 8 dcg. north-latitude, and the equator, at that time 
 of the year ; for they had nothing hut tornados, with 
 fiich thunder and lightning, that they could not keep 
 their men dry three hours together, to which, and 
 their eating fait viftuals, with want of cloaths to 
 fhift them, they owed their ficknefs. 
 
 After palling the line, they had ftill the wind at 
 eaft-fouth-call, which carried them along the coaft 
 of Brafil, at too leagues dillance, till they came into 
 twenty fix degrees of fouth latitudi-, where the wind 
 chan"ed to the north. On the jiSthofJuly, they 
 had fight of the Cape j and till the 31ft, lay ofF and 
 on, with the wind contrary, in hopes to have doubled 
 it ; intending to have gone fevcnty leagues farther to 
 Agoada de St. Bias, before they put into any 
 harbour ; but the men in all the (nips being weak, 
 and requiring fome place to rcfrelh, they fteered to 
 the north-yard of the Cape along the Ihore fifteen 
 
 ' This voi'aiic WHS bc);un umlcr the ilire^ion of Camain of Africa ; and We h«T natUing cf the cooclu&sa •( hi* 
 K»)muiKl, wliulc (hip w»i fi:p»raie,l from the rclt uft lli(;C'oj:i voyjgo. 
 
 leagues, and came to Agoada de Saldanna ; n gooj 
 bay, with an ifland lying to fcaward of it, where tli.y 
 call anchor on the ift ofAugull, and then landed ihi: 
 men ; to whom there came certain favagca, very bl.ick 
 and brutifh, but foon retired. For the firft fifteen or 
 twenty days, they could find no provifions but cranes 
 and geefe, which they (hot, nor was thi^^re any lilh 
 but mufclcs and other (hell-fi(h, which they gatlurcd 
 on the rocks. Then the admiral went with his pin- 
 nace to the ifland, where he found abundance of 
 penguins and feals, of which he took plenty. 
 
 At length they feized a negro, and compelled liim 
 to march into the country with them } making fi^nn 
 that they wanted fome cattle) but at this time, not 
 coming to the fight of any natives, they let him go 
 again, with fome trifles, by way of prelent. How- 
 ever, within eight days, he with thirty or forty other 
 negros, brought them about forty bullocks, .ind as 
 many (heep, of which they bought a few, and eight 
 d.iys after, twenty-four of eacTi fort. There arc 
 divers forts of wild bcafts, as the antelope, whereof 
 Mr. Lancaller killed one, as big as a young colt, tlic 
 red and fallow deer, with others unknown to usj 
 and great numbers of overgrown monkeys. 
 
 Now it was thought good rather to proceed with 
 two (hips well manned, than with three, wanting 
 fufficient hands; and as there were but 198 men 
 in all ; loi were put into the admiral, and 97 into 
 the Edward i and 50 (whereof maiw were pretty well 
 recovered) left in the Merchant Royal, which, for 
 many reafons, was fcnt home. The difeafe that con- 
 fumed the men, was the fcurvy. The foldicrs who 
 had not been ufed to fea, held out hell ; but the Tailors 
 dropped away. Six days after the departure of the 
 Merchant Royal, the admiral left the bay of Saldanna, 
 and quickly doubled the Cape of Good Hope ; but 
 being come to Cape Corientes, on the 14th of Sep- 
 tember, there aroic a great (}orm, with violent gulls 
 of wind, wherein they loft the admiral's company, 
 and could never hear of him after, though they long 
 fought, and (laid for him at the Ifland of Comoro, 
 the place appointed for rendczvou'^. Four days alter, 
 about ten in the morning, there fell a terrible clap of 
 
 til under 
 
 ...'•«■ 
 
to GUINEA AND TME EA8T lNb(ES. 
 
 J4'; 
 
 ttiundcr, which killrj ft>ur men, (their ncrk« being 
 wrung aluiidrr) and ut nuicly-lou', litre WJ^ not 
 one untouched t funic htinu /Iriiik hl.iJ, oihrrs 
 being bruKrd in ihcir lr^< and urm>, fumt. ugaiii in 
 their brcirti, fu thdt thry voided bhHxl for •wo il.iy« 
 «fter, othrri were drawn out it length, »i though 
 they had been racked j but all recovered. *l'hc maiii- 
 ni»K wai alio l.idlv torn (torn the head to the dei k, 
 and funic uf the ipiken that went ten inchet deep into 
 tho timber, were melted with the extreme hc.it. 
 Thence thry failed nooh-eaO, and fell in with tli> 
 idand of St. Lawrence : which one uf the men 
 luckily el'iiicd late in the evening, by moon li^'Jit, 
 without knowins what to make of it) but calling 
 others to inform nini, they perceived the fea bieakin;' 
 upon the fti<i.ils 1 whereupon, ,ii very good time they 
 tacked about, .ind eleaptd the danger. Pallinit mi, 
 thpy hapiiened to overfhoot Moxainbic, and fell in 
 with a place cilli'J (.^lintanuone, two Icaguet to the 
 northward, where they took two or three barks of 
 Moort, which they called nangaia«, hiden with 
 millio, hen«, and ducks, witli one Purtugiiefi? boy 
 on board, poing for the proviflon of Mozambic i a 
 few days alter, ihev came to an illand too leagues to 
 the north-cad of Mnzambic, callrU Comoro, which 
 they found cxiccding full of Muom, of tawny colour 
 •ndgood il.ituri', hut carefully to be watched, leing 
 very ireachernus. Being in want of water tli-iy lent 
 the boat with lixteen men well armed, whom the 
 people fuftered very quietly to land i and mauy of 
 them came on board the fliip with their kinj;, dreired 
 in a gown of crimfon lattin, pinked after the Moorifli 
 fafhioii, down to the kiieet. The Fingliih entertained 
 him in the bed manner, and ivid Ionic conference 
 with him about the (late of the place, and merchan- 
 dize> ( tlie Portu^juefc hoy lately taken, fcrvingfor 
 their interpreter. After this, they fent twice for 
 water, and had it very quietly i they were now fuf- 
 ficiently furnilhed. However, William Mace, of 
 Ratclift, themafter, pretending that it would be long 
 before they (hould find any other good watering 
 place, would needs go on (hore himfelf with thirty 
 men, much againft the captain's will. But at half 
 of them were wafhing over againft the fliip, the 
 Moors took that opportunity, while they were di- 
 vided, and killed mod of them, in fight of thofe on 
 board, who were not able, for want of a boat, to 
 give them fuccour. From hence they (hapcd their 
 courfcfor Zanzibar on the 17th of November, where 
 Ihortly after, they arrived, and made a new boat 
 with fuch boards as they had in the fhip. 7'hcy rode 
 there till the middle of February, in which time they 
 law many pangaias, or boats, wiiich arc faftentll 
 with pins, and fewed together with palmito cords, 
 caulked with the hufks of cocoa-lhells beaten. At 
 length a Portuguefcpangaia coming out of the har- 
 bour of Zanzibar, where they have a fmall fadtory, 
 Amt a converted Moor, in a canoe, with a lettci, 
 dcflring to know who they were, and what they 
 wanted. The anfwer was, they were F.nglifV ■■, 
 come from Don Antonio .ibout bufinefs to his *■'■■„!- 
 in the Indies. On- which they went away, 
 returned no more : foon after they manned out their 
 boat, and took a pangaia of the Moors, with one of 
 their priefts, called in their language, Sherif, whom 
 they ufed very courteoufly. 1 nis the k'l • took very 
 kindly, and for his ranfom, furnifh'^ ' them with 
 two months viiluals, all which tii i. '.hey retained 
 the prieft with them. Thofe Moors in.'brmed them 
 of the fallacy and fpitcful dealings of the Portuguefc ; 
 who, that the Kn;.;li(h might Know nothing of the 
 affairs and trade ot t\\c country, advifed them if they 
 loved their fafety, not to go near the fhip, rcprefent- 
 ing the crew as men-eaters. During their flay here, 
 they fet upon a Portuguefc pangaia, (armed with ten 
 mufquets) in their boat, but it being fo fmall, that 
 the men were not able to ftir in it, they could iiot 
 compafs their defign. In this hafbour a fhip of 500 
 tons may ride with fafety ; here is alfu good watcritijr, 
 with plenty of provifions, as oxen, hens, and fiin, 
 6 
 
 hiTides variety of ffiriinn fruits. Herf agnin lliry 
 Imil aiiiilier clap ot 1! muKi, iiiij their lore iiiulJ w.is 
 mm h (haki'n ( but tliey limlhicl, hiiiI > piired it with 
 limber (rum t\v (hurt, where there !•. jluiiul.iii'-e of 
 iieet, (ome ten ty foot high, which was (upp'ifnl to 
 be cidar. Six days before theii departure from luiii c, 
 the cape mereli.inl ol the Pnriuguife ladi'ry, .unit 
 Iriter to Captain Laiicallrr, by .1 m-ijio, hri'man iiid 
 a Moor in a canix', rei|iiiltiii[!; ajar of wine, aiioihir 
 ot ml, ind two or liine pouiuU of giiii-poWuor. 
 
 Tlie cajit in fent him his ilrinaiuls hv the Moor, l.iit 
 took thi negro al< iig with hini, bcciuir Ik' U ■\ Ixm 
 in the K.i(l Indie*, and k lew fmiuthin;; ol the loiiii- 
 try. He intunred lli 1 of a fmall li'aik cf thirty 
 tons, eallid by lb.; Moois :i junk, which tame lioni 
 Goathithei, ,.i,|i pi pp r Idi ihc f.iiitory. 
 
 I'hty let forward ol. 'he 15th of lehruary, for 
 Cape Comon, intendini; there to li.ivc lain otf' and 
 on tor fuch Ihips as ;houid I ive pallid 'rum Zeilan, 
 St. ThO'iias liciig;il, Pe,iis, Malaiea, tlie M.i- 
 luccus, the Coalf ot Cbn^, and the III- ot F.ipin j 
 which vcfidi .ire exceeding rirh ■, lnu hcm^ deceiveil 
 bjrlhc currents lint la iiiio the Red fei, aloii" th« 
 Cualt nf .Mclinda i and the wind fhorti ning iipott 
 thi.ni to the nurth-ealt, andeafterly, they were drinn 
 larthcr to the northward, wiiliiii eighty leagues of 
 the Ille of Zecotora. Mowever, here they alwayi 
 found abundance of dolphins, bonitos, and Hyiiitt 
 I'fhcj, Now the (hip ' ig fo niiieh driven out o? 
 
 ;r eoui'e, and the time > tar fpeiit, they determined 
 10 fail either for in. Red-iea, or the faid idand ; but 
 
 he wind very lut»ily came about to the rorth-wcft, 
 and carr- d then .lirectly towards Cape Comorit 
 Btfore iliiy doulu J it, tliey purpiifed to touch at one 
 of 'he illandj Mamale, i'- twelve 'greci north, 
 wl.ich yieldeu provilions j . ut milii.l it, parti" 
 through tiie obltinaey of mafler : for the day 
 
 111 fore thi'V fell in with '''r, < . the idands the wind 
 coming .iliout to the I. .il: well, they changed tlieir 
 eourle. 'I'hc wind iiicti-afiPT; fuutherl they fr;ired 
 they fhould .• • '■ vc ben aolc to d< the Cape, 
 
 which won .1 ivwe f;rt»iiy h.izaidcd Mieii ta(lin'j;away 
 on the Coa '. of 1 ..'ia : fur the winter lealoii, . id 
 weftTP nuinfooiis which lontinuc on that co.ill t 11 
 Augulf, were already come in. Nevcrllulel's ',1; 
 wind changing more wellerly in May, 159^, ilicy 
 happily doulOed the Cape, without fiyht ol the Ian/. 
 Hence they diri.Sled tluir courl'e for the iflaiids of 
 Nicobai, (which lie north and louth willi thewclterii 
 part of Sumatra, in fcven degrees north latitude) and 
 having .1 ve ;^iod wind, arrived there in fix c'.iys, 
 although the weather v.is foul, with violent rain, 
 and gults : but by 'he mailer's fault, in not duly 
 obferving the foutli itar, they fell, the ift ot June to 
 the fouthward of them, within light of the idands 
 of Gomes Polo ; and kept on the north-eafl fide of 
 them, two or three days becalmed, plyiiiii; otf and on 
 the Coafl of Sumatra, but two leagues diftant, ex- 
 pecting to have a pilot from tb:ncc^ now the winter 
 coming on, with murh contapious weather, they 
 failed for the idands of f'ula Pinanii, where they ar- 
 rived the beginiiing of June, and came ro anchor 
 between them, in a very good harbour, in fix degrrcs 
 thirty minutes north, about five leagues from ihe 
 Coau o{ Malacca. Here thiy determined to winter, 
 and landed their men, being very fick, of wliotn 
 twenty-fix died, and among the red, John Hall, 
 their mailer, and Rainold (joldini, a ni-ri-han: ot' 
 very good fenl""i they had loft theij (nrgcon bd'orc, 
 fo that when they left the idand, iheit were but 
 thirty-three men and a boy left, of whom not above. 
 twenty-two were fit for labgur, and of them, not 
 paft a third part failors. Their refrcfhing, in this 
 uninhabited place, was very fmall, being only oyfters 
 and great wilks growing on rocks, with fome (cw 
 fifh, which they took with their hooks. Howc\of 
 thetb idands are full of trees of white wood, libove 
 too foot high, and fo ffrait, that they are fit for mails. 
 The winter being palled, and their fhip f.tted for 
 putting to fca, towards the end of Auguft they de^ 
 
 fMUi 
 
 not 
 
 I I 
 
340 
 
 VOYAGES OF THE ENGLISH 
 
 III 
 
 1566. partcJ to feck Come place of rcfrcftiment •, and crofs- 
 •— v— >^ iiig over to the coaft of Malaic.i, next day they came 
 to anchor in a bay ot' fix fathoms water, two leagues 
 from Ihorc. Here captain LancalUr, his lieutenant, 
 and I'ome others landed, and perceived frcfli tracks of 
 barefooted people, with a fire biiniiiigj but faw no 
 living creature, except a certain kind of lea fowl, 
 called Ox Birds, which are very tame, and like a 
 li\ipc in colour, but not in beak. Having killed 
 eight dozen with hail-lhot, they returned towards 
 night on board. Next day a canoe, with about ib 
 n..ktd Indians, drew n.^ar them, but would not come 
 aboard ; however, tlie Englifli going afterwards on 
 (hore, they came and converfcd with them in a friendly 
 manner, and promifcd them visuals. They faw 
 three lliips the day foUowiin' of 60 or 70 tons each, 
 one of which they made to Itrike with their very boat, 
 and unJerlVanding it was of the town ot Martabam, 
 (which is the chief haven for the great city of Pegu) 
 and that the goods belonged to fome Portuguefe Jefu- 
 ii , and a biicuit-baker of the fame naiion, they took 
 ir, but did not force the other two, bteaufc they were 
 the pro)ierty of the merchants of Pei;u. All three 
 wcie freighted with pepper, which they landed at 
 Pera, a place 30 leagues to the fouth. The night 
 following, all the men except twelve, whom they 
 had taken into their ihip, being moft of them Pe- 
 guins, fled in their boat, leaving their fliip and goods, 
 which were pjt on board the Edward. After this 
 thcv took another fiiip of Pegu laden with pepper, 
 and difmiflcd her withuut touching any thing. — Their 
 fick men being fomeuhat rctre(ln;d, and llrengthened 
 with fuch relief as they found in the priie, after a 
 ftav of todays, in the beginning of Scpten ber they 
 failed into the freights, and came to Pulo Sambilam, 
 45 leagues northward of the city of Malacca, to 
 which iilands the Portuguefe fhips muft always come, 
 that are bound from either Goa, or St. Thomas, for 
 the Maluccos, China, and Japan. When they had 
 been five da)s plying to and fro, upon a Sunday, they 
 faw a fail, which proved to be a Portuguefe ihip of 
 250 tons, I iden with rice for Malacca, that came 
 lioni N.u',apatam, a port of India, over againft Cey- 
 lon. Having taken her, Lancafter ordered their 
 captain and mafter on board his own fliip, and fent 
 his lieutenant and feven more to keep the prize, which 
 rode in jc fathom"; water; there King good anchor- 
 age in that channel, three or four leagues from lliore. 
 Thcv thought ai lb to have taken a Portuguefe fhiji of 
 St. i'homas, of 4CC tons, that came and anchored by 
 the ])rizc in the night, but the Edward was to foul 
 that flie efcaped. After taking out of the prize w hat 
 they thought fit, they turned her a-drift, with all her 
 crew, cNcept a pilot and four Moor*. The 6th of 
 October they met with a M.ilacca fliip of 700 tons 
 that came from C?oa, which yielded aifler her main- 
 yard was fliot thrtiugh. The capt.iin, mafter, and 
 pilot, being conunanded to come on board, only the 
 captain, with one foldicr came. After fome convcr- 
 fation, he propofed to go and fetch the reft, under 
 pretence that they would not come unlefs he went for 
 them ; but as foon as he reached the fliip in the 
 evening, hemade tofliore with all the people, to the 
 number of jco.nien, women and children, in two great 
 boats. They fuund on board 25 pieces of brafs can- 
 non, 300 butts of Canary and palm-wine, with many 
 other commodities ; but they found none of the trea- 
 furc which is ufually brought by the galleons i.i royals 
 of plate. Becaufe the (ailors pillaged this rich ftiip 
 in a diforderly manner, and would not remoi'e the 
 winLs into the Edward, the captain, after taking out 
 the choictft goods, lit her a<lrift. For fear of the 
 » forces of Malacca, they departed thence to a bay iji 
 
 the kingdom of Junfalaom, between Malacca and 
 Pesu, eight degrees to the northward, to fcek for a 
 pilot to trim their fliip. Here they fent the foldier 
 who was left behind by the captain of the galleon, 
 and fp< ke the Malayan tongue, to deal for pitch, of 
 wliich he procured two or three quintaN. Thiy like- 
 wife fentcoinmuditles to barter with the king for am- 
 
 bergreafe, and the horns of the rhinoceros, andhight/ 
 efteemed by the Moors in thofc parts, as a foxcreign 
 remedy againft puifon. They got but tvvo or three of 
 thofe horns, which arc of a brown grey colour, and t 
 quantity of ambergreafe, whereof the trade only be- 
 longs to the king, who at laft went about to feize tlie 
 Portuguefe and their merchandife, which the man 
 perceiving, they told him there was gilt armour, 
 fltiits of mail, and halbcrts (things they greatly de- 
 fired) on board the fliips, for which, the king lee him 
 return. They then left the coaft, and pafling by Su- 
 matra, went to the iilands of Nieabar, inhaoited by 
 Moors, with whom they trafficked. On the 21ft of 
 November they departed for the ifland of Zeilan, and 
 at rived on the fouth fide on the 3d of December, in 
 fix fathoms water ; but the ground being rocky and 
 foul, they loft their anchor. Then they ran along 
 the fouth-wcl) Ihore, to a place called Puntadel Galle, 
 intending to wait for the Bengala and Pegu fleets : 
 the firlt of feven or eight fliips, and the 2d of two 
 or three, which with the Portuguefe fliips of Taiia- 
 feri, (a great hay in the kingdom of Siam, to the 
 Ibuthward of Martabam) were to come that way 
 within 14 days, with comniodjtics for the Caraks, that 
 commonly depart from Cochin for Portugal by the 
 middle of January. 
 
 Having left their anchor in foul ground bcfott; 
 Punta Galla, they lay all that night adrift, becaufe' 
 the'woilicy left were iinftockcd, and in hold, which 
 tne failoi > inade a handle of to return home. The 
 captain at that time lying dangeroudy fick, in the 
 morning, it was refolved to ply up to the northwArd, 
 and keep too-and-again out of the current, »hich 
 othcrwife would have carried the ftiip to the fouth- 
 ward i.ui of the reach of land. Having, with this 
 view, hoifted the fore-fail, and prepared to fet the reft, 
 the- null declared they would take their dircift courfe 
 for England, and the captain was forced to give 
 way. 
 
 On the 8tli of December they fet fail for the Cape 
 of Buona Speranfa, pnfltng by the iflands of Malvicla, 
 and leaving that of St. Lawrence, in 26 degrees, to 
 the northward. Betwixt this illand and the coaft of 
 Africa, they found i reat ftorc of bonitos, and al- 
 bacores, which are a larger kind of fifli, of which 
 Captain Lancafter, being now recovered, catched, 
 with an hook, as many in two or three hours, as 
 would ferve 40 pcrlbns a whole day. They took as 
 many daily for five or fix weeks, wiiich was no fm.all 
 refrefliineiit for them. In February, 1593, they fell 
 in with Baiade Agoa, 100 leagues to the north-eaft 
 gf the Cape of Good Ht>pe, but finding the winds 
 contrary, they fpent a month or five weeks before they 
 could double it. After which, in March following, 
 they failed for St. Helena, and arrived the 3d of April, 
 where they flayed, to their great comfort, 19 days. 
 Lieutenant Barker going on ftiore here, with four or 
 five Peguins, or men of Pegu, and the furgeon, in 
 a houfeby the chapel, found John Segar, of Bury, in 
 Suffolk, who having been dangcioudy ill, was left 
 there eight months before, by Abraham Kendall, in 
 the Royal Merchant to recover his health. He fecmed 
 as frefh-colourcd as could be expcifted ; but whether 
 through fright, apprehending them at firft to beene- 
 mics, or through excefs of joy, when he underftood 
 they were his old conforts, he became light-headed; 
 and taking no reft for eight days, died for want of 
 fleep. Here two of the men, whereof one was troub- 
 led with the fcurvy, and the other had been nine 
 montlis fick of the flux, foon recovered. 
 
 The captain departing from hence wiflied to go to 
 Brafil, but the failors abfolutely refufed ; thealbn; 
 they dircdkd their courlc for England, till they came 
 to eight degrees of the line ; fpcnding fix weeks in 
 the w.iy, with many calm and contrary winds at north- 
 eaft and weft, which lofs of time, and cxpence of 
 their provifions, (of which they h,ad but a fmall com- 
 pliment) made them think ot altering their courfe j 
 and fome of the men beginning to mutiny, threatened 
 to break up the chcfts ot othert lor victuals : for every 
 7 maa 
 
 It. 
 
TO GUINEA AND THE EAST INDIES. 
 
 34« 
 
 (nsn had his fliarc in his own cuftody, that ihey might 
 be furc what they had to truft to, ami hufbaiid it the 
 better. The ciptain, dcfirous to prevent this mif- 
 chict", having been informed by one of the company, 
 wlio had been at the Iflc of Triiiidada, that there 
 ihcy ftiould be fure to meet with provifions, direflcd 
 his courfc to tjiat ifland j but not being acquainted 
 with the currents, was carried tlie beginning of June 
 into thegulph of Paria. Here they were eiglit days, 
 and often in tlircc fatlioms water; finding the current 
 continually fetting in, and no way out, till they got 
 to the weitern fide, under the main-land, where they 
 found MO current at all, and the water deeper ; and fo 
 keeping by the fliorc, the wind, which blew from 
 land every night, at length helped them out to the 
 northward. Being clear within four or five days af- 
 ter, they fell in with theillandof Mona, where they 
 rode i8 days, in which time the Indians gave them 
 fomc refrufliment J and a French ftiip of Caen, in 
 Normandy, likewifc arriving, theyboughtofM.de 
 Barboterre, the captain, two pipes of wine, bread, 
 and other victuals. After this tliey fitted out their 
 ftiip, and itopped a great leak, which fprung in the 
 gulph of Paria, being ready to depart, there arofe a 
 ftorm from the north which drove them from anchor, 
 and forced them to the fouthward of Santo Domingo. 
 'I'his night they were in danger of (liipwrcck on an 
 ifland called Savonc, which is invironed with flats, ly- 
 ing four or five miles oft'i getting clear of them, they 
 dircilcd their courfe weft ward along Santo Domingo ; 
 and doubling Cape Tibcion, palled through the old 
 channel, between that iOand and Cuba, for the cape 
 of p'lorida. Here they met again the Caen Ihip, whofc 
 captain could fpare them no more viiftuals, but only 
 hides which he had trafficked for upon tliofe iflands. 
 Being clear off' the channel of B.ahama, they fleered 
 for the banks of Newfoundland. In this courfe they 
 ran to the height of 36 degrees, and as far to the caft, 
 as the iflc of Burmuda ; where, the 27th of Septem- 
 ber, finding the wind very variable, (contrary to'their 
 expeiSations and all men's writings) they lay by a 
 day or two ; but a dangerous ftorm arifing, and being 
 in danger of pcrifhing, they judged it beft to turn back 
 again to Dominica, and the adjacent iflands to feek 
 relief; but before they could get thither, the wind 
 failed them, fo that they were obliged to fhape their 
 courfe weftwardly to the Nueblas, or Cloudy Iflands, 
 near St. Juan dc Porto Rico, where they found land 
 
 I crabs, frcfh water, and tortoifcs, which go on fliorc, 
 moltly about the full moon. Having refii ftud huro 
 iBdays, and taken in a little pnnilion, thcyrefolvcd 
 to return to Mona j only five men, who coiiKI not be 
 prevailed on to go, ftaid behind, and got home af- 
 terwards in an Engliih ftiip. 'liiey arrived the I5tli 
 of November, 1593 at jVIona, where the captain, 
 with his lieutenant, and ifaotiiers, wint to the houfcs 
 of the old Indian, and his three Ions, lio|)ing to get 
 victuals, all theirs being I'pcnt. They were thiec 
 days feeking provifions for relief of tliofe on board; 
 but the wind being northerly, and the fci running 
 high, fo that the boat could not get on ihore to fetch 
 it oft', they rcfolved to wait till next day. In the 
 meantime, .ibout 12 at night, the carpenter cutting 
 the cable, the lliip drove away with only five men and 
 a boy in her. In this diftrefs they fepnrated in com- 
 panies, that place not being fufficient to fupport them 
 all. 'I'he captain and fix others lived onftalksor 
 purfelanc boiled, and now and then got a pompion in 
 the old Indian's garden, who, at thi's time, fled from 
 them to the mountains, it was 29 days before they 
 defcried a French ftiip of Dieppe, called the Louifa ; 
 which, on their making a fire, bore in with the land, 
 and anchored at the wclfern end of the ifland. The 
 Indian and his fons on this, came down to Captain 
 Lancafter, and went with him to the fliip, and the 
 next day 1 1 more were carried on board, am! ufed cour- 
 teoufly. The fame day another fhip of Dieppe ar- 
 rived, and ftaid till night, expecting the other (even 
 men ; but although guns were fired oft' to call them, 
 they came not. Hereupon the fhipdcparting, arrived 
 at the north fide of St. Domingo, where the Englifti- 
 men remained till April following, 1594, and fpent 
 two months in traffic with the inhabitants, by pcr- 
 miflion, for hides, and other merchandife.* At this 
 place Captain Lancafter and his lieutenant went on 
 board another fhip of Dieppe, John la Noe captain, 
 leaving the reft of their company to follow. On Sun- 
 day the 17th of April, 1594, they fliaped theircourle 
 homeward, and parting through the Caijcos (near the 
 windward paflagc) the 19th of May arrived fafc at 
 Dieppe, where having ftaid two days to refrcfh, they 
 crofl'ed over to Rye, and landed on Friday the 24th 
 of the fame month, 1594, after an abfencc of three 
 years, fix weeks, and two days, from their nativis 
 country. 
 
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 maa 
 
 A VOYAGE TO THE EAST INDIES, in 1598, BY CAPTAIN 
 
 JOHN DAVIS. 
 
 THIS voyage was written by Davis himfelf, and 
 feems to nave been fent by him from Middle- 
 borough in Zeland, in a letter to Robert carl of Ef- 
 fex, which letter, dated the firft of Auguft, 1600, is 
 prefixed to the relation. From this we learn that the 
 author had been employed by his lordftiip, for dif- 
 covcring the caftern parts of the world ; whence he 
 took occafion to tell the earl, that his journal contained 
 only fuch things as fell within his own obfcrvations, 
 but that when he (hould be honoured with an oppor- 
 tunity, he would give him an account of what he had 
 learned on board, relating to the king of Portugal's 
 places of trade and ftrength, as well as to the com- 
 mrrcc of the eaftcrn nations among themfelvcs : that 
 Vol. I. N" 30. 
 
 • By a lliip of Ncwhaven, ulilchtoucli<Ml there, they had in- 
 telligence of their fcven men, who were left behind at Mona, 
 which wa:, That two of them broke theirntcks in venturing to 
 take fuNvIk upon the cliUk; tluec others wert ftain by the Span- 
 
 with regard to the Portugucfe polTeflions, he would 
 begin at Sofala, which is their firft footing beyond the 
 Cape of Good Hope, and fo proceed to ^^ozambiquc, 
 Ormus, Diu, Goa, Coulam, Onor, Manealor, Co- 
 chin, Columbo, Negapatam, Porto Grande in Ben- 
 gala, and Malacca, the city of Macao, in the pro- 
 vince of Canton in China, and Molucas, and Am- 
 boyna. 
 
 The ncet fet out on the 2Sth of March, 1598, 
 from Fluftiiiig, with two fliips, the Lion and the 
 Lionefs ; the former of 400 tons, and 123 pcrfons on 
 board ; the latter ot 250 tons and too pcrfons. The 
 owners were Mufhrom, Clark, and Monef^of Mid- 
 dleboroi^h ; and their chief commander was Corre- 
 4 T lius 
 
 larils who came from St. Domingo, on information given h» 
 thofe who went in the E<lward 1 and the other two tins New' 
 haven man had with hin in hit ihip, having efcapcd their haaiUt 
 
34» 
 
 1600 
 
 VOYAGES OF THE ENGLISH 
 
 t . 
 
 tills Houtcman, ulio had a coniiniOlon from Cirave 
 Maurice. They anchored in 'I'orbay, with very 
 rough winds, on the 22d, from whence they failed, 
 on the 17th of April, 1594; and on the 20th, had 
 fight of Porto Santo. On the 23d, they fell in with 
 the Illand of Palnia ; and on the 30th, came to the 
 Ifles of Cape Verde. On the i(t of May, they 
 anchored at St. Nicholas, one of thofe iflands in 
 fixteen degrees, fixtecn minutes north latitude, where 
 they watered the 7th, and fettiiig fail, on the gth, 
 fell in with St. Jago. On the gth of June, they 
 made the Coall of Brafil, in feven degrees fouth lati- 
 tude. And not being able, for the unlleady winds 
 and bad weather, to double the Cape St. Auguliine, 
 ihaped their courfe for the little Ifland Fernanda 
 Loronha, in four degrees, where they arrived the 
 15th, and anchored on the north-fide ot it, in eighteen 
 fathoms. The ifland is very fruitful, and here is 
 pood water, alfo beef, goats, hogs, hens, melons, 
 Guinea corn, plenty ot fea fowl and fifli. There 
 were on the ifland but twelve negros, eight men and 
 four women, who had been left by the Port ugucfe totill 
 the ground : no fliips having been there for three years 
 before. On the 2bth of Augult, they left this ifland 
 with a north-eaft wind ; and the laft of the month, 
 doubled the Cape of St. Auguftine. On the loth of 
 September, (Jicy p.ifled the danger they molt appre- 
 hended, the flioals of Abrolhts, which lie off the 
 Coall of firafil, f.ir into the fea, in twenty-one 
 degrees fouth. On the nth of November, they 
 anchored in the Bay of Saldanna, in thirty-four 
 degrees fouth, and here found three good rivers. 
 Tliey tr.ijcd with the natives at veiy cafy rates, hav- 
 ing had fat fhecp and oxen for old nails, and pieces 
 of iron, not the value of a penny. The oxen were 
 buffaloes, which have a great lump of flefti (like the 
 bunch upon the camels back) between the ftioulders ; 
 and the ftiecp have no wool, but long fliaggy hair, 
 and large tails (all intire fat) which weigh twelve or 
 fourteen pounds. The natives are of an olive com- 
 pleiflion, darker than the Brafilians ; their hair black 
 and curled, like the negros of Angola, but not cir- 
 cumcifcd; their faces painted with fcvcral colours, 
 and all naked, except a fliort cloak of flcins, and 
 fandals upon their feet. " They are a ftrong, ailive 
 people, (fays the author) and very fwift runners. 
 Their words are, for the moft parr, articulate, and 
 in fpcaking they cluck with the tongue, like a hen ; 
 which clucking and the word coming both together, 
 found very oddly. Their weapons are only darts; 
 they arc fubjedk to the great king of Monomotapa. 
 The Flemmings having done them fome injury, they 
 abfented thcmlclvcs for three days; and having in the 
 mean time, alarmed the country by great fires from 
 the mountains. On the 19th, they came again, 
 bringing much c.ittle along with them. But while 
 the Dutch were bartering with them, they made a 
 fudden and furious aflault upon the failors, killing 
 thirteen, and although their hand-darts could do no 
 hurt at four pikes length, yet the reft throwing away 
 their weapons, took to their heels, the barbarians 
 purfuing them. Their captain (who dul not think 
 fit to venture himfelf in the (kirmifh) fcnt them a 
 parcel of weapons from the fliips, fword^, tar^'tts, 
 pikes, and mufqucts i but the lemmings, though 
 like giants for fize, durft not venture out of their 
 tents, and though Captain Davis, with his friend 
 Mr. Tomkins, offered to repulfc the enemy, if they 
 would affift him, yet the greater part refuled. The 
 fame night they went all on board. The country 
 thereabouts is a very good foil, and a pleafant air, it 
 abounds with ufcful plants, as mint, plantanes, rib- 
 wort, trefoil, fcabioes, &c. Departing on the 27th, 
 they, on the laft of this month, doubled the Cape of 
 Good Hope, and on the 6th of December, the Cape 
 des Aquillas, which is the moft fouthern point of all 
 Africa: it lies in the thirty-fifth degree of fouth 
 latitude. On the 16th of January, 1599, they fell 
 in with Madagafcar, (hort of Cape Romano ; but 
 nut being able to double itj all the reft of this month 
 
 they fteered for the Bay of St. Auguftine, on ilit 
 fouth-weit part of the iHand, where, on the 3d of 
 February, they anchored, many people appearing on 
 the ftiore, but on their landing, they fled. Ihe 
 reafon of this was, that the Dutch captain in a for- 
 mer voyage, had done much injury to the natives, 
 one of whom he took, bound to a poft, and (hot to 
 death. Yet after feven days waiting, and means had 
 been ufed to mollify them, they brought iuine milk 
 and one cow, which the Dutch bought, and then 
 took their final leave of them. Thefe people have 
 ftrong and well made bodies, and go naked, their 
 flcins is coal black, their fpcech fweet and pleafin; : 
 their weapons are half-pikes, headed with iion, whith 
 they keep very bright. 
 
 " The country feeins very fruitful.and produces great 
 ftore of tamarind-trees, and a fort of beans, (that 
 grow upon high trees) the pods of which, are two 
 feet long, and proportionabiy large, and make a very 
 good food 1 camelcons arc numerous here. 'l"he 
 Engliftj efpecially, fuftered great mifery in this bay, 
 from whence they all went on board, the 8th of 
 March, extremely hungry, and without any meat. 
 On the 14th, they departed, naming it Hungry Bay, „„ 3,. 
 and Ihaped their courle to the north-lido of the iflaiiJ. 
 On the 29th^ of March, 1600, they came up with 
 the iflands Comoro, which are five in number, lying Comoro Iflss. 
 between twelve and thirteen degrees, fouth latitude: 
 and on the 13th of May, anchored at one of them 
 called Mayotta, clofe by a town, where they met 
 with people who feemed to be glad of their comini;, 
 and brought provifions. The captain being invitid 
 on ihotc, went, and the king met him, with three 
 drums beating before him ; and a fine retinue, all 
 richly dreffed in long filk embroidered garnienis, 
 after the Turkifti mode. They were received very 
 kindly by his majefty, who gave him a letter of re- 
 commendation to the queen of Anfuma (or Joanna) 
 whither they afterwards went, and were well received. 
 
 •' On the 28th, they departed, paffing through the 
 iflands of Mafcarcnnas, by the (hoals de Almirante ; 
 and on the 23d of June, fell in with the Maldivia 
 Iflands, which are low, clofc by the water, and {a 
 covered over with cocoas, that nothing but green trees 
 appear. Being at anchor here, many Indian boats 
 pafl'cd by, but none would come to them, which 
 cauled the captain to give orders for the taking one of 
 them. On the 24th, the fliips boats brought"^ in one 
 of them, which was covered with mats, like a clofc 
 barge, and had in her a gentleman and his wife. He 
 was dreflcd in very fine white linen, after the Turkilh 
 manner, h.id rich ftone rings on, and his behaviour 
 W.1S aft'able, his afpeft niodeft, and his fpcech grace- 
 ful, as befpokehim a man of quality. The captain 
 went into Ins boat to fee his wife, whom he unwill- 
 ingly ftcwed him ; Ihe fat with filcnt modefty, not 
 fpcaking a word ; he alfo opened her calkct, wherein 
 were fome jewels and ambergreafe. What was taken 
 from them, Davis knew not, but in going away 
 that gentleman behaved with a princely fpirit. Ho 
 was of a middle ftature, was black, and had finuuili 
 hair." 
 
 Thefe iflands are reported to be fome thoiilands 
 in number. Their plenty of cocoas brings tliem a 
 good trade, fince they make bre:id, wine, and oil, 
 ropes, fails, and cables, of the fevcral parts of that 
 fruit. On the 27th, there came on board an old 
 man, who fpoke a little Portuguefe j when fetting 
 fail, he was their pilot through the true channel, 
 e:il!ed MilJivia, which, ty good luck they hit upon, 
 lying in four degrees fiitecn minutes, north latitude, 
 tiicre tliccompafs had icventecn degrees weft, varia- 
 tion. Vaft numbers of fliips from all parts ot India, 
 pafs through this channel, which is very dangerous 
 to mifs. On the 3d of June, they IVII in with the 
 Coaft of India, in eight degiecs forty minutes, 
 north, near Cochin ; and coaHing this Ihore, doubled 
 Cape Comonn, from whence they fteered their courfc 
 lor Sumatra. They faw the Coaft of Sumatra on 
 the 13th, in Ave degrees forty minutes, north 
 
 latltudi) ; 
 
 they 
 
 i\clui 
 
 umAmm 
 
YO dtriNEA AND tllE EAST INDIE 
 
 Ui 
 
 Aclun< 
 
 latitude; and on the 2lft, anchored in the biy of 
 fj„'""'°" Achin, in twelve fathoms. Htre they found feme 
 barks of Arabia and Pegu, that came for pi^jiper, and 
 Don Alphonfo Vincent, a Portugucfc, with three or 
 four barks from Malacca, who came (as they found 
 afterwards) to frulfrate their trade. Soonafter theking 
 fent officers to mcafure their fliips, and take the num- 
 ber of the men and ordnance. With them the 
 captain fent two of his people, who carried a looking 
 glafs, a drinking glafs, and a bracelet o( coral, as a 
 prefent for the king; and he fent them back, cloatlied 
 after the manner of the country, in ■ bite calico, 
 with tidings of peace, and plenty of fpiee 
 
 On the 23d, at midnight, the ki.ig fuit for the 
 captain, and a nobleman as hoftagc. I' is niajcfty, 
 belides a civil entertainment, m.ide him a promife of 
 a free trade ; and gave him as a mark.of his particular 
 favour, tlie crifc of honour. This is a fort of weapon 
 like a dagger, it has no crofs, nor hilt, but the haft 
 and handle are of n metal of a line luftre, valued 
 more than gold, and richly fct with rubies. It is 
 death for any man to wear it, unlefs given by 
 the king. And he that has this favour, has an 
 unlimited power to take victuals without paying for 
 them, and command all others as his flaves. At his 
 return, he brought a boat load of pepper along with 
 him, and reported incredible things of his own good 
 reception, and the great trade he had procured ; but 
 told the Engliflimen, the king often afked if he was 
 notof that nation ; which he denied, uttering many 
 words againll the Englifti, and faying he would give 
 a th6ufand pounds that there had been none on board. 
 On the 27th, the merchants went on fliore with their 
 wares, having a houfe prepared by the king's ap- 
 pointment, borne time after, the captain being at 
 court again, the king difcovercd the treacherous 
 defign of the Portuguele to him j but promifcd to 
 ftand his friend, and gave him a purfe of gold. Then 
 he was ..iked again, if he was an Engliftiman or not, 
 and having anl'wered that he was of Flanders, the 
 king replied, it was a country that he had never heard 
 of, but that the fame of England had reached his cars 
 fome time before. And when he heard that there 
 were fome Engliflimen in the fljip, (though to their 
 difparagcmcnt, it was faid, that they had their edu- 
 cation in Flanders) yet to their further mortification, 
 he told him, that he muft fee fome of the men of that 
 country. As for the bufinefs of tr.idc, it was then 
 agreed, that the captain fliould aflift him in his wars 
 againft the king of Jor, (or Jahor) and, in confi- 
 ileration of that fervice, Ihould hive a full lading 
 of pepper. The king afterwards expreli'ed fome 
 refentment, that none of the Englifh had yet been 
 brought to w?it on him, (for neither Davis nor 
 Tomkins were fiiftered to go on (hore) and reproached 
 the captain, as if he intended to quit the fervice he 
 had covenanted to perform. Upon this Captain 
 Davis was prefently lent for ; and on the 22d, waited 
 on the king, with whom he ftaid four or five hours 
 feafting. When he had been there about an hour, 
 he ftood up i and the Shah Handar, firft taking off 
 his hat, put a roll of white linen round his head, and 
 a fafli of the Came, embroidered with gold, that 
 went twice about his waift, and hung half down his 
 under vert of white, and over that, one of red. 
 Then the king made him cat, and drank to him in 
 aqua-vitx. He was ferved all in gold and china, and 
 ate on the ground, without cither table or cloth. 
 The greatett part of his difcourfe, was about Eng- 
 land, the queen and her nobles, and he greatly 
 admired them for their wars with the king of Spain, 
 whom he had imagined to be the abfolute monarch of 
 all Europe. Cjptain D.ivis was fent for by the 
 prince, ontheajil, and rode to court on an elephant, 
 fxccirive eating and drinking, was their entertain- 
 ment. This day he met with a confidorable China 
 merchant, who fpoke Spaniih, of whom he learned 
 fome things of moment. There were many Chinefe 
 traders here, who had their particular town i fo had 
 the I'urtu^uefc, the Guzarat Arabs, and thofe of 
 
 1620 
 
 Bengal and Pegu. The captain diflikinj that ha 
 ftiould keep company fo much with the Chinel'c, ^ » ■ * 
 ordered him on board. On September the iff, they 
 had orders to take in foldicrs and ordnance, and to 
 prepare for the battery of the city of Jor, and to 
 colour the dclign that was going on, the- better, the 
 greut galleys were brought out of the river, and the 
 lea all about them was covered with piaws, and boats 
 loaded with armed men ; fome of the chief came on 
 board them, as Carcoun, the fecretary, and Abdalhi, 
 the chief Sliah Bandar, with a good company of 
 foldiers, appointed with all foitsof weapons; who 
 pretended only a good caroiife with the good liquors 
 they had brought. The crew fufpcdiiig'another fort 
 of entertainment, prepared accordingly, making faff 
 all the gratings, and prepared their weapons, in fpite 
 of the captain, who feemed under no apprehenfion of 
 danger. The Achinefe, whofe defign was to cut their Trtaclicry of 
 throats, the more eafily to cfteit it, mixed all the the Achinclt. 
 meat and drink they brought on board, with a fort of 
 feed, which grows in the country, a little of which, 
 makes a man as it were fcnfelefs ; fo that. things ap- 
 pear to him quite others ife ih.ui they really arc, but 
 if taken in a large quantity, is a deadly poifon. 
 During the banquet, the Shah Bandar, and the 
 fecretary fent for Mr. Davis, and fpoke to one of 
 their attendants, but what he knew not. Soonafter 
 the drug began to operate upon them, fo that they 
 quite loff the due management of thcmfelves, and 
 began to gape and ft.ire upon one another. The 
 captain was a prifoner, and knew nothing of it.- 
 And now they had brought them into the condition 
 they defircd, upon a fignal given from the other (hipj 
 (where the fecretary had gone to play the fame game) 
 they fell upon them, killed the captain and fevcral 
 others. ].)avis and Tomkins feeing this, with a 
 Frenchman, defended the poop, which was all that 
 was left of the fliip ; the enemy having got poil'cffiou 
 of the cabin, and of the guns, by creeping in at the 
 port holes. Themaftcr of the fhip and others leaped 
 into the fea till all was over, and then came in again. 
 At length the Achinefe began to fly, for the failors 
 from the tops, annoyed them much) which when 
 Davis and 1 omkins faw ; they leaped from the poop 
 to purfue them. They were met by a Turk coming 
 out of the cabin, who wounded Tomkins grievoufly, 
 but as both lay ffruggling on the ground, Davis ran 
 him into tlie body with a fmall fword, and the fkip- 
 per difpatched him, by thrufting a half-pike down 
 his throat. By this time the fecretary and his party 
 had got pofleflion of the other fliip, and murdered the 
 principal perlbns belonging to it : but thofe of 
 Davis's veffel having cut her cable, made towards 
 them, and by means of their guns, foon obliged the 
 Indians to fly, and recovered the fhip, the galley not 
 daring to affift them. The fea was covered with 
 Indians heads, for they fwam away by hundreds j 
 among the reff, the Shah Bandar, and one of the 
 king's near kinfmen were killed, and the fecretary 
 wounded. The news of this overthrow, fo inflamed 
 the tyrannical prince, who was then by the fca-fide, 
 that he cut olF the heads of all the Flemmings on 
 fhorc, eight only excepted, whom he refervcd for 
 flaves Their lofs amounted to fixty-eight men in 
 all, including thofe that were under confinement, 
 befides the two pinn.ices and a boat. While they 
 ftaid St Achin, they had got 140 tons of pepper on 
 board their Ihips : but upon the rupture, all the 
 money and merchandife on Ihore, as well as the 
 men, were loft ; by which means, many young ad- 
 venturers were quite ruined, and Captain Davis 
 himfelf, did not come off much better. 
 
 " The (oil of this ifland (Sumatra) is very rich and 
 fertile; it produces variety of excellent fruits, and 
 very good timber for (hipping, hut no fort of grainy 
 only rice, of which they make their bread. Here are 
 mines of gold and copper; precious balms and gums, 
 rubies, fapphires, and garnets, with much indigo, 
 and many other valuable commodities; particularly, 
 pepper grows here in fuch plenty, that they are able 
 
344 
 
 VOYAGES OF THE ENGLISH 
 
 1600 to tade 20 fliips every year," and might many more, if 
 
 *— V ' they were induftrious. It (,rows like hops, Crdiii a 
 
 planted root, which, by degras, winds itlelf up ahout 
 a polo, till it becomes a great biilhy tree. The pepper 
 liaii^;s in tUillers three inches Uhil', and one about, 
 each clullcr having forty or nio.c coins in it j belldes 
 tliefe mineral an<l vcfrelabic proiluclioii,';, it .iHcrds 
 plenty of firviceable animals, a. hiTles, oxen, goals, 
 wild hogs, elephants, and bulfalie', which lalt they 
 ufc in plou;;;hing tlitir ground. Tu thtfe advantages 
 may he added a very wlioirome and temperate air in 
 in«>ll places, wiih lAcet dews and fruitful ihowers 
 that never fiil to cool ami refrifli the grounil. 
 
 The ifland of .Sumatra is divided into four king- 
 doms, Aehin, I'ider, Manancabo, anu Ara. The 
 three bill are tributary to the firll ; but Aru holds 
 with liu kin;^ of Jor, and refiifes fubjection. Cap- 
 tain D,u is hi ard of no more than five principal ci- 
 ties in litis i:le. Aehin, Pidcr, I'afem, Daia, and 
 Man.incabo. Aehin, the capital city of the whole 
 ifland, (lands in a wood, and is fomucli covered with 
 tiees, that not a houfe is to be i'ecn (ill one isjull 
 upon it. It is a very large fcati'red place, and the 
 liinilt'S (lands alin<ilt like the trees, without any 
 order or uniformity: they arc railed upon polls, 
 eight or nine feet from the ground, and have walls 
 and coverings of mats. Here is a vail eoncourfe of 
 people, and the three market-places yield every day 
 th.' prol'p.el of fo many fiirs. 'I"he haven tliat leads 
 to it is very Imall, being but fix foot at the bar, and 
 It has one of the woill, ami moll ill-cuntrived forts 
 ni.ide of (lone, being round, wiiiiout covering, bat- 
 tlements, or Hankers, and low-vvallcd like a pound ; 
 but there is a very pleafant road before this fort, in 
 which (the wind llill blowing fioin (hore) a fliip may 
 ride a litilew.iyoff in 18 fathoms water, and clofc by 
 in fix and four fathoms. 
 
 " 'I'he king of Aehin was called Aladin, and was 
 f.iid to he IOC years old. He was a healrhv man, but 
 exceeding ci<r|>ulent. He was originally a frlherman 
 (of which this place had veiy man), for they live 
 niofllv upon filli ;) but difcovercJ I'o much valour and 
 conduct in orJeiing the former king's galleys in time 
 ot war, that his fovcreign made him admiral of his 
 fea forces, and gave liini to wife one of his neared 
 kinlwomcn. 'I'he king had an only daughter mar- 
 ried to him of Jor, by vihoni he had a liin, who was 
 fent to Aehin to be under his grand-father. The old 
 king dying fu.ldenly, the (illierman, who wis then 
 chief coii,m,.nder boih In l.md and lea, took the pro- 
 tejllon o! the child, in which the nobility and gen- 
 try oppi ling him, he put to death more than a thou- 
 fand of them, and nude new lords of the meaner 
 forts. This done, he murdered th^' child, and then 
 proclaimed hin.felf king in right .!' his wife. On 
 t!ii> a war arofe between him and the king of Jor, 
 v.hiehltiil continued. Thefe twenty years he had by 
 force held the kingdom, and then fccmed to be fe- 
 cure. His pal.acc (lands half a mile from the city upon 
 the river Ore, aiul any one mud pafs three courts of 
 guards in order to get at him; it is built as other 
 houfes are, but much higher. He fitteth where he can 
 fee, anil niilVen by all that come to fee ary of his 
 guards. The walls and coverings confift of mads. 
 it is hanged fomeliines with cloth of gidil, foniftimes 
 wilh velvet, and lumetimrs with damall:. He fits 
 upon ih.' jround crofs-legged, and fo mull all in his 
 prefence. He wears four erodes, two before, and 
 two behind, rich with diamonds and rubies j and had 
 a I'word lying on his lap. He was attended by at lead, 
 40wonur,, ("onie with I'^ns to cool him, others with 
 cloths to wipe od" the fwcat ; foine gave him aqua- 
 vitiP, others water ; the n d lung pleafant fongs. He 
 did nothing but eat and drink from morning tonight, 
 and fit witli his women ; and deliuhted much in cock- 
 (ightinii i and as was the king, fo were his fubjecis, lor 
 their plealurc hd all the firne way. 
 
 " If the king puts any of his fubjecis to death, 
 they arc torn 10 pieces by elephants, or iinpahd. 
 'I'litre are many fetteicd prifuiitrs that go about tlie 
 7 
 
 town, bcfides what may be in the goals. His woiticrl 
 are his chiefell counfellors. He had three wives and 
 many concubines, which were very clolily kept. 
 He had great (lore of brafs ordnance, which they uk J 
 without carriages, firing them as they lay upon 
 the ground. They were the greated the Knglilh 
 ever faw j and the metal was reported to be mixed 
 with gold, 'i'he (Ircngth of his land forces lies in 
 his elephants. 
 
 " In religion they arc a fort of Mahometans. Thev 
 bring up their children in learning, and have many 
 lehools. 'I'hey had an archbi(hopand fpiritual dignities. 
 I'here was one in Aehin whom they greatly honoured 
 as a prophet, and laid he had the gilt of the Spirit. 
 He was didinguilhed from the red in ap|)arel, and 
 much carcH'ed by the king. 
 
 " In the place of fepulture for the kings, every 
 grave had a piece of gold at the he.id, and another at 
 the foot, weighing a thoufand pounds each, and all 
 richly adorned with precious (tones. The Englilh 
 had a great curiofity to Ice the king's fepulchres, be- 
 caufe of the great wealth reported to be therein, hut 
 could not. 'i'he people were addiiilcd to connneicc, 
 and generally very expert in bufinefs with refpeet 10 
 mechanical arts. ihey had goldfmiths, gun-found- 
 ers, (hip-rights, taylors, weavers, hatters, pot 
 makers, and dillillersof aqua-vita-, whieh is maJe of 
 rice, (for they mull drink no wine) cutlers and fmiths. 
 As to their burials, every generation or family have 
 their particular places in the (lelds to inter their dead. 
 I'hey lay their heads towards Mecca, having a free- 
 done at each cn<l of the grave, with the feet curioufly 
 wrought, thereby fignifyingthc worthinefs of thcper- 
 fon. 
 
 " Here was a great rclort of merchants from China, 
 Hengal, Pegu, Java, Coromandel, Guzarat, Ara- 
 bia, and Rumos in the Red Sea, and the place from 
 whence Solmcn fent his (hips to Ophir for gold ; 
 which is now called Aehin, as by tradition they af- 
 firm ; and thefe of Rumos from Solmon's time to this 
 day, have followed the fame tr.idc. 
 
 " They have divers Ibrts of coin, as cafpcs, mafs, 
 cowpan, pcrdaw, and tayell. The Englilh only 
 faw two lijtts of gold, named mafs, the bigncfs of a 
 prnny, and as common as pence in England, the other 
 of lead, called caxas, much like the little token ufed 
 by the vintners of London. A thoufand fix hun- 
 dred caflies make one mafs : four hundred cadies a 
 cowpan; four cowpins one mafs ; five mades four 
 fiiillings derling ; four mafles make a pardaw ; four 
 pardaws a tayell : fo that a mat's is nine-pence and 
 three filths of a penny. 
 
 " They fell their pepper by the bahar, which is 
 equal to j6o of our pounds. I'his cods three pounds 
 four drillings. They call their pound a Catt, which 
 is 21 of our ounces. 'I'heir ounces are bigger than 
 ours, by fo much as 16 is more than 10. The weight 
 which they fell precious ftoncs by, is called Mafs, ten 
 and three fourths whereof make an ounce. 
 
 " Once every year the king, attended with all his 
 noblemen, in great pomp, goes to the church to fee if 
 the Me(riah be come, which happened at the time 
 of our being here. There were 40 elephants in his 
 tiain, covered with filk, velvet, and cloth of gold; 
 with divers noblemen riding upon each ; but there 
 was one, whole furniture far exceeding the reft, hav- 
 ing a little golden caftle upon his back, which was 
 led for the Melfiah to ride in. The king was carried 
 ;dfo in a little cadle. Some had two targets of g(dd, 
 others great half-moons of gold, with ftrcamcrs, 
 banners, cnfigns, trumpets, and various other indru- 
 mcnts of muhc. The proceflion moved in a very fo- 
 lemn manner, and made a very handfome appearance. 
 At length, coming to the church, ihey looked in, and 
 n<it finding the Melfiah, ufed fonie ceremonies; after 
 which, the king difecnding from his elephant, rode 
 home upon that prepared for the MelTiah ; and Co ended 
 the day with fcailing and divcifions." 
 
 On the fird of September, the fame day they had the 
 encounter with the Achtiicle, they departed, and an- 
 chored 
 
 II i 
 
 11 ' 
 
 ii t 
 
TO GUINEA AND THE EAST INDIES. 
 
 3*. 
 
 chored before the city Pidcr, cxpcdling to hear of the 
 pinnace they h;id lent thithci before for rice, but did 
 not return. On the 2d clevm galleys arriving with 
 Portugucfe (as they thought) to take their fllips, they 
 funk one and defeated the nik. The fame day there 
 came to tiiein one La Fort, (the fon of a French 
 merchant in Seething Lane, London) who was one 
 of the fight prilbncrs. He w.is lent by the king toafk 
 them if tliey were notafliamed to be I'uch beath as to 
 get drunk, and then in tlieir liquor to murder his 
 people, whom he had fent to then; in kindiiels ? .ind 
 to demand their befl fliip lor (aiisfaiition, in uhiih 
 cafe he promiftd to relealc the men. " Do tliis, (aid 
 he to la Fort, and I will make you a great man j" 
 but the Flemings wanted latisLiCtion of the king. — 
 Being dillicired for water, they went to the iflands 
 called Pulo Botuii, upon the eoall of C^ied.i, in 16 
 degrees 50 minutes, where ;hey took in prov'ilions. — 
 There were on board three letters fealcd up, and fub- 
 fcribed A. B. C. whieh,'upon the death of the B.ial's 
 were to be opened. By A. one Thomas Quyman'^, 
 was appointed to be their chief, who ivas llain at 
 Aeliin. Then B. was opened, whereby La Fort 
 (whoefcaped) was appointed chief, and was received 
 as (uch. The letter C uas not opened. 
 
 They fet fail again for Achin, on thelaftdayof 
 the month, in hope?, by fome means, to recover their 
 men. Oe'tober the 16th they came in light of that 
 city, and the 12th entered the bay, where they found 
 
 10 galleys fet out againlt them. Bearing up to one of 
 them, they gave her many (hots, but in a calm under 
 the land, (heefc.Tped; as for the reft, they durft not 
 come near them. On the i8th, they fleered their courfe 
 for the city of Tanaflarin, a place of great trade ; 
 and the 25th anchored among the iflands in the bay, in 
 
 1 1 degrees 20 minutes, north. Here the winds proved 
 fo contrary, that thoy coiild not get up the city, which 
 ftands 20 leagues witliin the bay. Being in very 
 great diftrefs for want of viiSuals, they failed for the 
 iflands of Nicobar, in eight degrees north, where they 
 arrived the 12th of November, and were fupplied with 
 plenty of hens, oranges, lemons, and other fruit, 
 and fome ambergris which they had in exchange 
 for linen cloth, and table napkins. Thcfc ifles are 
 pleafant and fruitful, the land low, and has a good 
 Toad for fliips. The people are very poor, living 
 tvholly upon fruits and fi(h, without ever manuring 
 the ground ; and therefore have no rice, which the 
 fllips being in great want of, the fliips (haped their 
 Courfe for the ille of Ceylon. TTic fcth of December 
 they took a ihip of Negapatam, (a city on the coaft 
 of Coromandel) laden with rice, and bound for 
 Achin. 
 
 There were on board 60 pcrfons from feveral parts. 
 By them they learned, that at Matcgaloa, and I'rin- 
 quanamale, cities in Ceylon of great trade, they 
 might load their (hip with cinamon, pepper and clovts, 
 
 and that there was great ({ore of precious ftoncs ahi! 
 pearls in that ifland, as will as all kind of vidliials 
 v.;ry cheap, and that the Icing is mortal enemy to the 
 I'ortugucl'e. Upon this, they did their utinoft to get 
 thiiher, but could not for the contrary winds. 1 hu 
 Indians then told tliem, that if ihey would (l.iy till 
 January, they would meet with more than one hun- 
 dred fllips failing clofe by that fiiorc^ laden with fpicc, 
 linen and China comnioilities, bcfides precious floncs 
 and other rubies. To ftay there as a man of war, 
 their governor would not agree ; tiier fore the 28th 
 they fhaped their courfe homewards, having beaten 
 
 fivtcen days upon this co.ift 'i"h( y dilcharged 
 
 their prize the i8th, after taking the rice, for v.hicK 
 their chief paid them to their fatisfadlion ; but the 
 unruly (ailors plundered her of money and mcr- 
 chandife ; 12 of the Indians of feveni places were de- 
 tained on board, who informed Captain Davis among 
 others, after he could a little underftand them, that 
 there was great (tore of precious ftones in the fliip, 
 hid under the timber. How true it was the cnptaia 
 could not fay, for the Flemings would not fuffer ei- 
 ther him or Tomkins to go on board the prize, for rea- 
 fons be(f known to theml'elves. The 5th of March, 
 1600, their food was poifoned, before it was fcrved 
 to them : but one of the crew tailing by chance, or 
 grcedinefs, (for it was frefti fifti) was prefcntly in- 
 fitfted, which gave the alarm. The dole was fuffi- 
 ciently llrong ; for the furgeon took almoft a Ipoon- 
 ful of poifon out of one (i(h ; but this the captain 
 obferves was not the firll time. — The loth they fell 
 in with the Cape of Good Hope, where they had a great 
 (lorm, and the 26th doubled the fame. The i jth of 
 April they anchored at the ifle of St. Helena, in 16 
 degrees fouth. Here they found good water, figs, 
 and fifh in plenty, .vith goats, but hard to come at. 
 The 15th at lun-fct, a caraval anchored within a 
 large mufquet fliot to windward of them. She was 
 utterly unprovided, not having one piece mounted : 
 they fought with her all night, and gave her above 
 200 fhot. For eight hours (he flood the firing with- 
 out making the leaft refiftance ; but by midnight (he 
 had got out fix pieces, which were played upon them 
 fo well, that their fhip was often fliot through, and 
 two of their men flain. On which, the i6th in the 
 morning, they departed for the ifle of Afcenfion, in 
 eight degrees fouth, where they hoped to meet with 
 relief, manv of their men being (ick, and arrived 
 
 there the 23d. This ifle hath neither wood, water, 
 
 nor any green thing upon it, but is a fruitlefs green 
 rock, of five leagues broad. The 24th they failcJ 
 for F'crnando Loronha, where they knew they fhould 
 find relief, having ftaid at this ifle 10 weeks outward- 
 bound. The 6th of May they arrived there, and 
 continued fix days to water and refrefli themfelves. 
 On the 13th, they (haped their courfe for England, 
 and arrived at Middleborough on the 29th of July. 
 
 1600 
 
 VOYAGES OF THE ENGLISH TO THE EAST INDIES, IN SHIPS 
 EQUIPPED BY THE COMPANY OF MERCHANTS. 
 
 TH E merchants of London, in the year 1600, 
 having joined together, and made a (tock of 
 72,0001. to be employed in (hips and merchandifes, 
 for the difcovcry of trade in the Eaft Indies, they 
 bought and fitted four large (hips-, the Dragon, of 
 600 tons, and 202 men. Captain James Lancaflcr 
 admiral ; the Heflor, of 300 tons, and 108 men. 
 Captain John Middleton, vice .idmiral ; the Afcen- 
 fion, of 26q tons, and 32 men, in which was Wil- 
 liam Brand, chief governor j and the Sufannah, of 
 Vol. I. No. 30. 
 
 280 tons, 84 men. Captain Hayward : there were 
 likcwL(if in each (hip three merchants, who were to 
 fucceed e.ich other in cafe of death. To thefc, the 
 Gucft, a (hip of 130 tons, was added, asaviYhial- 
 Icr. This fleet was furnifhed with men, vifluals, 
 and ammunition, for 20 months, and carried in Mer- 
 chandife and Spanifh money, to the value of 27,000!. 
 All the reft of their flock was laid out in thepurchafe 
 and equipment of the (hips, in providing them with 
 neccfl'aries, and in advancing or lending money to the 
 4 U mariners 
 
i+'^ 
 
 Voyages ok t he e n (i l i s ii 
 
 I 
 
 jfi3r. ni.iriiicrs and Tailors. Qiiccn Eiiz.ibitli li.i. ing bftii 
 I . I y I ;ij)j))icJ to by llic owncr^, gave ilii-m u Itttci o!' r..iom- 
 meml.\tion, to divers princes nt' India, otiering to 
 enter into .1 UMgue ot peace and amity with tliem \ 
 and granted the admir.il a commiilion ot' martial 
 law. 
 
 Thifc (liips departed lV(im \\'o(>Kvich, on the 13th 
 ot Februaiy, ifcoo; but ll.ii'l I'o long in the Ihanics 
 and Downs for want of wind, th.it it was EalUr 
 before they arrived at Dartmouth J where tliey Iptnt 
 live or lix days in talking in their bread and other 
 j>rovifions. From thence thvy failed on the i8thot 
 April, lOoi, and put into Torbay ; where the 
 admir.il lint on board all the fliips inltruclions for 
 keepinj; eomp my at lia, and appointed the phices ol 
 rendizvous, ni ijfe of liparalion bv lUirnis or other 
 attidents. Thcll- places were the calms of Canaria, 
 the b.'.y of S.Jdanna, (in -ale they coukl not double 
 tiie Cipc of Ciocid Hope) L'ape bt. Roman in Ma- 
 djgafc.ir, the lilanJ C'irne, ( or Diego Rodrigues ) 
 and ; It, Sumatra, the lii 11 of trade. 
 
 H^vvini; palled the C.uiaries, they lay frojn the lotli 
 of .M.iy, till the 21ft of June, for the mod pait be- 
 calmed, and with conlriiry winds at louth, fo that 
 with mu'.h ado, they got into two degrees north. 
 Here Ipying a (hip, they chaced and took her, fhe 
 belongeil to the Portugucfe, and came from 
 I.ifbon in comp.iny with two caracks, and three 
 galleon?, bounel for the Eaft Indies, which ihips (he 
 had loft at fea. The galleons were fcnt to guard the 
 coall, and prevent other nations from tr.iding there. 
 'l"he Engliih took out of her 146 pi|)cs of wine, and 
 176 jars of oil, befules twelve barrels thereol, and 
 lifty-five hogflieads of meal. This provilion, wliieh 
 was a great help to them in the whole voyage, the 
 admiral diftributed impartially among the ihips, to 
 every one his portion. 
 
 On the laltof June, the wind being at fouth-caft, 
 about midnight, they palled the line, and lolHightof 
 the north-liar, thus holding on their courl'e foiith- 
 iouth-welt, VN'ith a fouth-calt wind, :lioy doubled tlic 
 Cape St. Augiiftine at about twenty-fix leagues 
 diftancc. 0\\ the lOth of July, they were got into 
 nineteen d.grees fortv minutes fouth, the wind in- 
 larging daily to tlie eaftward. Here they unloaded 
 Gueft, which carried the viiSluals that the four ihipa 
 could not receive in England ) after which, they ti-ok 
 her malls f.iils, and yards, and broke dow n hci 
 higher buildings for fire-wood, and fo lefi her lloating 
 in the fea. C)n the 24th of July, they p-illl-d the 
 tropic of Capricorn, the wind being nnrth-eall-by- 
 noith, hoMing their courle eaft-fouth-ealK And now 
 bv rcal'on of their long continuance under the line, 
 (occafioncd by their letting out of England fix or 
 fevcn weeks too late, to make a quick voyage) many 
 of their men fell lick. Therefore, on the 2qth of 
 Julv, being in twenty-eight degrees and a hall, the 
 admiral wrote a dircclinn to the governor of each fliip, 
 to repair eiih'.r to Sald.mna or St. Helena, lor re- 
 freftling. They came into thirty-dejjrees fouth, on 
 the I ft of Augult, where they met with thclouth-welt 
 wind, to the great comfort of the men j for by this 
 time in;iiiy of them were fallen fick of the fcurvy ; fo 
 that all the ihip?, except the .idmiral's, were fo thin 
 of men, th.it they had I'carce enough to handl; the 
 fails. This wind lafted till within 250 leagues of 
 the Cape of Good Hope, and then changed to the 
 end. Thus it held fifteen or fixtecn day?, to the great 
 alflietion of the men ; for now the few who were well 
 before, began alio to fall fick ; whence the want of 
 hands were fo great in fome of the (hips, tliat the 
 merchants took their turns at the helm, aniTwent 
 aloft to take in the toplails, as the common failors 
 did. Hut at length a fair wind coming about again, 
 on the 9th of September, ihcy reached Saldanna ; 
 where the admiral ad\ancing foremoft, came to 
 anchor, and then fent his boats to help the reft of 
 the lhip«, which were in fuch a weak condition, that 
 ih V were harelly able to let fall an anchor. 
 
 'I'lic admiral went on board them, carrying a 
 
 liifKcient number of men wiih .hiir, aiil hoifled nut 
 lluir boats foi them, whieU th^y were n"t able 1.1 ilii 
 fur theinfelveo. Tlic realon why liis crow were 111 
 beltct health tl: 111 thole in the other (hips, was owing 
 to the juice of lemons, of which ilie .idmiral h.iJ 
 brought fome bottles to lea with him, w hieli he g.ive u 
 e.ich as long as it hdlcd, three Ipoonluls e\erv morniiijl 
 falling, not fufiViiiig them to cat after it till no;;ii'. 
 (I'his remtdy will h..\e a better ell'.tt, if the p.irty 
 keep to a (hort diet, and wholly refrain from fait meat j 
 which fait meat, and being long at fea, is the only 
 caule of this difeafe.) liy thefc means the admiral 
 cured many of his men, and preferved the reft, fo 
 that although his (hip contained double the number 
 of the reil, yet he neither had Co many fick, nor loll 
 fo many men as they did. Ihcy were greatly helped 
 by this care of the admiral, who likewil'e went (oon 
 on land to leek rcfrelhmcnts for them, v\hcre meeting 
 with fome of the country people, he gave them divers 
 trifles, as knives, pieces of old iron, and the like, 
 making figns to bring him (hccp and oxen j for l.o 
 fpoke to them in the cattle's language, which v/as 
 never ch.'.nged at tlie conlulion of Dabel, ami 
 which language they undtrlluod without any inter- 
 preter. 
 
 After he had difmilTed the people, very well con- 
 tented with their prefents, and kind ufage, order was 
 given, that cerMin of every (hip's company (hould 
 bring their fails on land, to make tents for their llcic 
 men, alio to rail'e works for their defence againft 
 any attempt of the natives, in cafe they fliould tako 
 dilguil. The admiral preferibed alio an order for 
 tr.illic with the people ; which was, that whenever 
 they eanie down with the cattle, only five or fix men 
 appointed for that purpofe, (hould go to deal with 
 them ( that the reft (which were never to be under 
 thirty mul'i|uets and pikes) (hould not come nc.nr the 
 market by two hundred yards at leaft, and (liould 
 always (land drawn up in a rank, with their muf- 
 ejuets on their nils, to be re.idy againll all accidents. 
 I'liis order was moft ftriiilly obferved and kept, (o 
 that no man durft ",o to fpeak with any of thcnatives^ 
 without I'pecial leave. 
 
 Tlie third day after their arrival, the people 
 brought down beef and mutton, which they bought 
 lor pieces of old iron hoops ; as two pieces of eight 
 inches each for an ox, and one piece of the I'aine 
 length for a (heep, with which they fecmcd to be well 
 eoiitented. In ten or twelve days they had of them 
 ioco (heep; and forty-two oxen, and might have 
 b.en fupplied with many more, if they had wanted 
 them. But within twelved.iys, they ccafed to bring 
 them any more cattle; after this, the people ofteft 
 came to vifit them, and when the Engliflt made them 
 figns to bring them more (heep, they pointed t(> 
 thofe that had been bought, which the admiral caufed 
 to be kept grazing upon the hills about their tents. 
 For this reafon, as the Englifh judged, the natives 
 thought they would have fettled there, and therefore 
 brought them no more. During their ftay here, their 
 refrefliment was fo good, that all the men recovered 
 their health and llrtngth, except four or five. Thefe 
 added to thofe they loft l)efore their arrival, amounted 
 to 105 men; and yet it was judged, the remainder were 
 ftronger when they left this bay, than at their depar- 
 ture from England; the men were fo well inured to 
 the fouthern climates. 
 
 On the 24th of (Jflobcr, the admiral caufed all 
 the tents to be taken down, and the incn to repair on 
 board the (hips. Heing there fupplied with wood 
 and fre(h water, on the 2gth, they put to lea, pafling 
 out of the bay by a fmall ifland, that lies>in the moutti 
 thereof; which is exceeding full of penguins, (o 
 that (hips might rcfre(h there, if there was no other 
 place for the purpofe. Over the bay of Saldanna, 
 there (lands a very high hill, flat like a table, and is 
 called the table ; fuch another diftindl mark to know 
 an harbour by, is not to be found in all that coaft i 
 for it is cafily ditctrned i'cventecn or eighteen leagues 
 at fea. 
 
 Suttday 
 
^■■^ 
 
 I {) CL'INKA AND THE EAST INDIES. 
 
 Itli 
 
 Sunday moriiin;;, tin: \'\ '>( Novenbcr, they 
 iloublnl 1 lie t.'.i|'i- lil tiiu>il Il'|ii, havings Inlli gali 
 at will-inMili-wat, On ili' .'.oili, lluy Ici' in witli 
 the hcul-l.iml lit St. Lawriiitf, Himcwhat to thi- call 
 of Cape bill 111 nil i ami luini; wilhiii live miles iil the 
 Ihorc, limndul, aiiJ Imuul twenty-live la.hdnis. 
 The vaiiation oi the t<ini|>ars was liule niiiic ( r lels 
 than lixteiJM lic^rcis ; f.ir in an ealt aiiJ well ccuile, 
 the kiKiwkilL',.- ij(' till, vjiiatiun hiljis nimli, i Ipecally 
 in lhi» voyage. Kiuiu the 2(jih ol Nuvenilicf, till 
 the i5lliol U.eenMKr, they plinl loeallward, as near 
 ;is they could lie ; always linniig to t;et to the illanil 
 of Ceine, which in fonie charts is called l)ic;;o 
 RoUrii;ucb ; hut after coining ti. the ifland of St. 
 Lawrence, they (till fouml the wind at call, and ealU 
 foutli-calt, ami call-tmrth-e.ill, fo that they could 
 not letch it; and to drive loni', in hopes of chaiii^e 
 of winds, might have been of b.ul coiilci]uciice, lince 
 the men began again to tall lick of the fciirvy. How- 
 ever, the captain of the v icc-adtniial, ailviUd the 
 tidmiral to put into the bay of Anion;;ile, in order to 
 remove that dileafe with oranges and lemon* ; the 
 fame was approved of by him, and council called tor 
 that purpole. On the 17th, tbey had fijrht of the 
 foutheriiioll part of St. Mary ; and next day having 
 anchored between that illaiid and St. Lawrence, they 
 lent their boats to land at the former, where they had 
 great llore of the above-mentioned fruit. Hut while 
 they rode here, there arole fo great a Itorin, that three 
 of their (hips were driven from their anchi t^. li 
 continued lixtecn hours, after which, the (hips re- 
 turned and weiylied anchor again. 
 in fc in " ' *'■' i'bind of St. ^^lry (f.iys the author) i^ 
 
 llleolOt.Wary^^.^,^ land, and full of woods. ' I'he people are 
 black, the men very handfonic and tall ■, tht-y have 
 curled hair, only before on their foreheads tliey llroke 
 it up, as the i^onien do in England, fo that it (lands 
 (bme three incbe^ ujiiight ; they go quite naked, only 
 covering their priv.Ue parts ; are eafy to convene 
 with, y.;t feem to be very valiant, thiir food is rice, 
 and fome h(li, y^t the voyagers coulil !;et but a fiiiall 
 quantity of the former, for the time of ihelr Itore was 
 far fpcnl, and harvell was at hand. There arc two 
 or three watering places on the north part of the 
 ifland, but none of them very commodious ; yet, 
 with fome trouble, there is \v.;li r enough to he had. 
 Kclides the rice and fruits above mentioned, nothing 
 was to be had, except a fniall i|uantity of goats 
 milk i they faw only one cow, and that the people 
 drove away, as foon as they perceived the Englilh to 
 land. Seeing therefore, thit there was fo little re- 
 (Vcdimcnt to be had, ami the place ib dangerous to 
 ride in, the admiral gave order to fail immeiliately to 
 the bay of AiUongile; the time of year being f|icnt 
 the ealterly winds came agaiiHl them, and the men 
 fick. On the 23d of December, they left St. Mary's, 
 iind on the 25th, entering the bay of Antongile, came 
 to anchor in eight fathoms water, between a (mall bay 
 and the main, in a very good and fafe road. 
 
 The day after, landing in the main ifland, the 
 people foon repaired to t him, and by figns informed 
 them of the live Dutch lliipv, and that they had 
 bought the mo(V part of their piovilioii ; however 
 they entered into barter with the Englilh for 
 rice and hens, oranges, lemons, and plantancs, 
 but they held them all at a high rate, ami 
 brought but a fmail quantity. This market was 
 near a great river, into which they went in their 
 boats ; thofe appointed to be buyers landed, the rell 
 remained in the boats fifteen or twenty yards off; 
 where the natives could not come at them, always 
 ready with their weapons in their hands, to take in 
 thofe that were on (hore, if occafion were. They 
 trifled away fome days before they could bring the 
 people to deal; for all thofe of the fouth and ca(t parts, 
 are very fubtic in buying and felling, fo that unlcfs 
 you hold a (triiSl hand with them, you will hardly 
 bring them to trade at all ; for they will ihift you 
 continually to g>ve a little more ; and if you comply, 
 none will fell ur.der that price : fo that care muft be 
 
 ■ay 
 
 taken not to give more to one than .mother. Tic 
 ulinir.il leeing ilie , eommamk d '.< Illealuie to be mnde 1 I 
 ilniolt a quart, aiiulitikd how many gl.ils bead- Ih'.uld 
 he given lor eveiy niealure. i lie like older ■ as tmt 
 down with lelpict to manges, lemon-, and plan- 
 tancs ; the iiumher to be given for ivuy bed, was 
 hxed, nor were ihev to ileal on otlu r terms. 1 he 
 merchants, alter a little holding olf, cuiileiited, and 
 
 their dealing was Iraiik, witliuut any d Ipute. 
 
 They bought here hftaii tons ami a qu.iiiiiiy it 
 rice; forty or lilly bulheU it their pe.ile ami b^aii- ; 
 great llore of oranges, knuuis, and plaiilanes ; and 
 eight beeves, with many liens. V\ liile lluy ri.le 
 in this bay, tliiy put togitlKr a i iiin.ne of ib Ivii-, 
 brought out of l.iigland 111 piece.. ; ami ciittiiig hiami 
 trees, (which I'.rew there in abuiidanci ) lartul tin 111 
 into boards, and (heailied her. She was i.l ule to y' 
 belore the (hips, at their ariual 111 Imii.i." 
 
 In this bay, there iliid out of liie a.'.ii'iral's lliip, 
 the mailer, mate, the cha|>lain, and the lurgmn, 
 iiitli ten cominoii men ; outiif the Vice-admii..l, un: 
 mailer and two others ; ami out i.l the Alciiifniii by 
 a very great mifchance, veie llain, the ca|itaiii and 
 the buatfwain's mate i lor when la y were i .iiiyiiiy; 
 the mailer's mate out of the Diagon, on ll.oie to be 
 buried, the captain of the Aficnlion link his boat to 
 attend the ccrcn.ony : and as it is the culloin at lea, 
 10 difcharge fome pieces of ordnance at the iiiter- 
 nunt of any ollicer, the gunner (hot off three guii-» 
 and the balls being in them, one llruek the Ale. 11- 
 I'lui's boat, and killed the c.iptain and boatlwaiii's 
 iiuite ; (0 that thefe two, vi ho \<eiit to lee the bui.al 
 of another, were both buried themfelves. ill- dil- 
 timper which the red died of, was t!ie flux, wliich, 
 ' ill the authoi's opinion) was uccalii ned by .iie water 
 II. y dr.mk : for it being winter, wluii it rained very 
 niui'i, the country was overflo .^ed ; fo that ih-' w.iler 
 was not wholfome, as it fehloni is in thofe hut 
 climates, during the rains. 'i'his dillafe is olten 
 caught by going open and cold at the lloinaeh } 
 w'hieh the men would often do when they w.ro hot. 
 The (hips left this bay on the 6lh of Manh, and 
 the lOth, fell in with an ifland called l\iu|iie-I'i/, 
 n ten degrees, thirty minutes fuu h. Hither the 
 admiral lent his boat to look lor a ro.al, but (he found 
 (lor the mod part) deep water, where the (h ps could 
 not (all ly ride. In coalling this ifl.ind, it appeared 
 very fair and pleafant, very full of fowl-, and 
 idcoa-nut trees, and there came a flagrant Inull iVoiii 
 the fliore, as if it hail been a garden full of Howi rs ; 
 and as the boats went near the (hore, they faw abun- 
 dance of tifh, and the fowls came fiviiig about ihrin 
 fo cloli?, that with th.ir oars they killed many, wnieli 
 were the tatted and the bed they h.id talKd all the 
 voyage; betides to very numerous, as to have (t rveil 
 many more (hips than they had w ith them. On the 
 joth of Match, 1602, being in fix degrees loiith, 
 tiny went over a ledge of rocks; looking oi;!- 
 hoard, and feeing them uiiiler thi' fliip, aboie hie 
 fathoms deep, they were much amay.ed, the acciJint 
 was I'o fudden and unexpeckd : but foon after th: v 
 tacked about they found eight fathoms ; and k> heiil 
 on their conrl'e ead. One of the nun Iroiii the lop 
 (aw an ifland to the louih-oall, live or fix leagues off, 
 being but low land. 't'his they judged to he C.iii.lu, 
 although by cdimation, they weic not gimelo far to 
 the cadwaiil ; thirteen or tourtun k agues beyond 
 this, they fell upon another flat of rotks. 'I'hin 
 cadiiig about to the fouthward, and falling Iwclvi; 
 leagues f.irther, they found other roiks; fo that 
 examining divers ways, they dilcovereil fiat- of rocks 
 round about them, with twenty or thiity, and in 
 fome places forty or (ifty fathoms water in the midd: 
 of them. Here they were for two days and a half in 
 exceeding danger, and could find no way to extricate 
 themfelves. But at lad they retolved to :"ail north- 
 ward, and in fix degrees forty-three minutes, found 
 fix fathoms water. The pinnace alv/ays went before 
 them founding, with orders to make figns wh it depth 
 
 Ifliehad, that they might follow her. Being delivered 
 out 
 
 347 
 
 I'l..'. 
 
 :^, 
 
 ..f^- 
 
I4i 
 
 VOYAGES OF THE ENGLISH 
 
 i6m 
 
 out of this difficulty, they held on their couil'o with 
 ' variable winds, till the 9th of M:iy, about three in 
 the .afternoon, they had light of thciflandsof Nico- 
 bar, and bearing in, anchored on the north fide of the 
 channel ; but the wind changing to the fuuth-welt, 
 they were forced to leave their anchors, and remove 
 over to the fouth fide, undera fmall ifland that lies near 
 the ftiore. Here they met with very little refreftiment, 
 .'except freOi water, and fome cocoa-nuts, yet th<- oco- 
 ple came on board in long canoes, each of . nich 
 .would hold 20 men, and Drought gums to fell in- 
 IHesd of amber, whereby feveral were deceived. — 
 .They brought alfo hens and cocoa-nuts to fell, 
 but held them fo very dear, that few were bought : 
 they flayed here 10 days, placing their ordnance, 
 and trimming their (hip, that they might be in readi- 
 nefs on their arrival at their iirll port, which was not 
 far otF. 
 
 I " The 20th of April they fet fail for Sumatra, but 
 were hindered by the currents and the wind, which 
 blew hard at fouth fuuth-wcll. Thus beating up and 
 down, the fhips fprung two leaks, wliich forced them 
 logo to the ifland uf Sombrero, 10 or twelve leagues 
 northward of Nicobar. Here, (fays our author) we 
 in the admiral's fliip loft an anchor, the ground be- 
 ing fo foul, (incumbered with abundance of counter- 
 feit coral, and roclcs) that they cut their cable. The 
 people of thefe iflands go naked, hiving only llie pri- 
 vities wrapped up in a piece of linen, which comes 
 about their middle like a girdle, and fo between their 
 legs. They ureall of a tawny complexion, and paint 
 their faces with divers colours. They are well made, 
 but very fearful j for none of them would goon board 
 the (hips, nor even the boats. The admiral reported, 
 that he had feen fome of their priefts, or facrificers, 
 who wore garments, but fitted as clofe to their bodies, 
 as if they had been fcwcd up in them : upon their 
 heads was a pair of horns turned backwards, which, 
 as well as their faces, were painted green, black and 
 yellow i and behind them a tail, hanging down, much 
 in the fame manner, that the devil is painted in Eng- 
 land. Demanding why they went in that attire, an- 
 fuer was made him, that in fuch form the devil ap- 
 peared to them in their facrificcs, and therefore the 
 priells his fervants were fo apparelled." 
 
 " This ifland is fall of trees which, for their height, 
 bulk, and ftrcightnefs, will fervc the largeft (hips 
 for marts. Leaving Sombrero on the 2d of June, 
 they had fight of Sumatra, and the 6th anchored in 
 the road of Achin, about two miles from the city j 
 where they found 16 or 18 fail of different nations, 
 fome of Bengal, others of Calicut, called Malabars, 
 Guzarats, Pegus, and Patans. There came to them 
 two Dutch Merchants who had been left to learn the 
 language and manners of the country. Thefe told 
 them they (hould be very welcome to the king, who 
 was defirous to entertain ftrangers ; and that the queen 
 of England was renowned in thofe parts, on account 
 of the great vidorics which (he had obtained againfl 
 the king of Spain. The fame day the admiral fent 
 Captain Middleton, with four or five gentlemen to 
 attend him, to wait on the king, and inform him, 
 that he was fent from the admiral of thofe (hips, who 
 had a meflage and a letter from the moft famous queen 
 of England, to the mo(l worthy king of Achin and 
 Sumatra. He was alfo dcfired to aflc whether it was his 
 royal majedy's picafure to give the mcflcnger au- 
 dience, to deliver his meflage and letter, with a fafe 
 conduift for himfelf and his people, according to the 
 known laws of nations. The captain was very kindly 
 entertained by the king, who gladly granted his rc- 
 queft, and a(ked him many queftions ; after which he 
 caufed a feaft to be made for him, and at his depar- 
 ture gave him a robe and Calico turban, wrought with 
 gold, which was a mark of fpecial favour here. As 
 to the admiral, his will was, that he (hould ftay one 
 day on board his (hips to reft himfelf after the fatigues 
 of the fcas, and the next to land to receive his au- 
 dience, that he might venture with as great fecurity 
 as if he were in the kingdom of the queen his miftrefs ; 
 6 I 
 
 but that if he doubted his royal word, pliJi^c! (li.')ul(l 
 be fent him, to his full fatislaflion. 'I'he jil d.iy the 
 admiral went on (horc, acconin^niid w ul> .ilunit 30, 
 attendants. At his landing, the butch meiih.Mit, met 
 him, and conducted him to their houfe, as it was ap- 
 pointed ; for he would take no houfe of his own, t:ll 
 he had fpokcn with the king. Soon after, a noble- 
 man coming, falutcd the ad.iiiral very politily, and 
 having declared that he came from his m.ijclly, de- 
 manded the quecn'i letter. This the admiral reluUd 
 to comply with, faying, it w.is the privilege of um- 
 bafladors, in thofe parts from whence he came, to de- 
 liver their letters to the princes ihcnifelves, an.! not 
 to any who reprefented their perfons. On this the 
 nobleman defired to fee the fupeiTcriplion, which lie 
 rc.id and copied) he wrote alfo the qutin's name, 
 and looked very earncftly upon the fcal ; afr.r whitli 
 he with great courtefy, took his leave, to make report 
 of what was palled. 
 
 " Soon after the king fent fix great elcphnnt', with 
 many trumpets, drums and ftreamcrs, alio aciinfidcr- 
 able number of people to accompany the admiral to 
 court, fo that the prcfs was exceeding ,"i. at. 'I'he 
 biggeft of the elephants was aboiit ij or 14 feet 
 high, and had a fmall caftle like a coach upon his 
 back, covered with crimlim velvet. In the iivildlc of 
 it was a great gold bafon, covered with a piece ot 
 filk, exceeding richly wroii^lit, under which the 
 queen'M letter was put. The adinir;il was inounled 
 upon another of the elephants. Some of his attiiid- 
 ants rode, others went on foot ; but when he can.c to 
 the court-gate, there a nobleman (lopped him, till 
 he went to know the king's farther pleafurc j but foon 
 returning, defired tlie admiral to eiit.r. When he 
 came into the king's prefencc, he made liis reverence, 
 after the manner of the country, declaring that lie 
 was fent from the moft mighty queen of Lnglaiid, t(« 
 congratulate his higlinefs, and enter into a tieaty 
 with him of peace and amity. Ashe was going on 
 with his difcourfe, the king interrupted him, faying, 
 — I am fure you are weary with the long journey you 
 have taken. I would have you fit down and reft your- 
 felf; you are very welcome, and (hall have whatfo- 
 cver you can in reafon demand, for your miftrcfs's 
 fake : for (he is worthy of all kindnefs and fincerc 
 dealing, being a princels of noble difpofition ; for fo 
 much lame fpeaksof her.— -—The admiral perceiving 
 the king's mind, prcfentcd him the queen's letter, 
 which he readily receivetl, and delivered the fame to 
 a nobleman ftanding by him. Then the admiral made 
 a tender of the prelent, which was a bafon of fil- 
 ver, with a fountain in the middle, weighing 205 
 ounces i a great cup of filvcr ; a rich looking- 
 glafs ; a head-piece, with a plume of feathers; 
 a rich embroidered {belt to hang a fword in, and a 
 fan of feathers. All thefe were received by a noble- 
 man of the court ; only the king himfelf took the fan 
 into his own hand, and caufed one of his women to 
 fan him with it, as the thing, which among thofe of 
 the prefents pleafed him moft. The admiral ihtn 
 having again feated himfelf on the ground, as the 
 manner is, a very great banquet was fervcd up. Ail 
 the difhes were either of pure gold, or another metal 
 in great eftimation among ihcm, called 'i'amb.iyk, be- 
 ing a mixture of gold and brafs. During this enter- 
 tainment, the king, as he fiit aloft in the gallery, 
 about a fathom from the ground, drank often to the 
 .idmiral in arrack. This liquor is made of rice, 
 ai.J is as ftrong as any of our aqua-vitx : a little 
 fuffices to make one llcep. 'i'he admiral perceiv- 
 ing the ftrength of it, after the iirft draught, 
 ivith the king's leave, drank either water alone, or 
 mixed with it. — The fealt being ended, the king fent 
 for his damfels to come and dance, and his women to 
 come and play on mufic to them : thefe women were 
 richly dreifed, and .idorned with braccletsand jewels. 
 Ihis is reckoned an extraordinary favour, for thcv 
 are not ufually feen of anv, but fuch as the king would 
 greatly honour. 'Ihe king gave the admiral a fine 
 white robe of callico, richly wrouj^ht with gold, and 
 
 a very 
 
to GUINEA AND THE FAST ! N D I K 
 
 3"< 
 
 very fir 
 
 die of 'riitkry work, .iiiii two cri- 
 
 all 
 
 llic kinu 
 
 prol'tiK' 
 
 ^lIKl1 
 In Chi 
 
 LI). ..II put nil III 
 
 iiKinnci hf w.u 
 
 il'if- 
 
 iiiiir (!, willi iiiaiiv grti.t courlilics, iuul one ftiit iiloiij; 
 with hiin to m.ikc ilioicc of ii houfc in tlu'iity, 
 wi-ic ihj ...In\ir:il IlioiilJ tliiiik moll i-oiiviTiiciit ; liut iu 
 (liis tine hi' J'.cIiii'.'J tlicfa\our, .iiul r.iiliL-r iluifi' to 
 
 ^u un bo.uJ III] Ihi 
 
 to I'oiilulir o 
 
 (hi 
 
 e (|uv. n ^ 
 
 l.'ttu 
 
 riu 
 
 lo iic\t tunc till; .uliiiir.il went to 
 
 cniirl, Iu- liml ;i lor.;: confcrciico willi tlic kill", loii- 
 
 tllL' fi 
 
 «ith whicli tlic king faiiail to bu 
 
 very will I'.itijficJ, f.iying, 'I'liiit if tlu coiilnits cunic 
 from llic liijit, he li.ij ^^ooJ i-.uili; to think wall ot it ; 
 tliat for the kiiijue htr nv.iju-dy wiis ililirous to make 
 with him, he was very w illii'r; to concur. I.ajlly, 
 that as to liie clemamls relatini;lo traJe, he hail |;iven 
 tvvjof his nohles old. IS to cooler with liini ..Innit it. 
 aii'J proiiiiful that what her ni.ij'dy haJ umiellul, 
 would Ik' j;rantej. With this fitisfaotoiy aiifwer, 
 after another feall, th.- admiral departcl ; and next 
 day fent to the nor.lt-nian the king h.id named to him, 
 to know their time for the Conference, Om- ol tlu'iii 
 was the chief bilhip of the realm, a man ulII defeiv- 
 ing of the treat elUem which both the kiii^ and 
 people hail for him, fir he was very wife and tenipe- 
 r.ito. The other was one of the aiitient nohiliiy, a 
 pcrl'i.n of much gravity, hut not fo lit for iranraeting 
 biifintfs a^ the hilhop. 'I'lie p.iities liav iiig met at the 
 time appointed, matters were talked <ner liei.'.' i' 
 them. riie conferreiue was held in Arabic, wliieli 
 hoth the bilhijp and nobleniaii iinderllond \ery well. 
 On thisoceafioii a Jew, brought from luul.ii'd, who 
 fpokc that laii;4iiai;e perfectly, was of great fervice to 
 the admiral. This latter having; made fever.d de- 
 mands, concerninj; the freedoms for the nierch.nits ; 
 tile bidiop allved him what realons he had to otlir that 
 might induce the king to grant them; on which the 
 .admiral .illcdgcd the foUouinj:; : the iineen's alt'ec- 
 lion and friendrtiip j her worthinefs, in pr.ilecliiiL', 
 others agaiiill the king of Spain, the common cneni) 
 ill thofc parts, and her noble mind in lefuling tlu 
 ofler of thole countries. 
 
 He .idded, that (lie did not fuft'er any prinre to 
 exceed her in kindncfs i that her forces iiail gnined 
 many vidlories over the ,S|ianiard!., and hind, rid the 
 attempts t/f the Portugiiefe againll thole p.irts ; — 
 that the Grand Sigiior had already entered into 
 a league with her niajefty on honourable conditions. 
 The admiral next Faid down realons, drawn from the 
 advantages arifing from commerce. lie alledged that 
 the king could not but be fenfible of the profpcrity 
 Vi'hich tr.ide brought upon all countries, and the in- 
 crcafe that occurred to the revenues of the fevcrat 
 princes, by the cullom of commodities ; that fovc- 
 rcigiis grew renowned and formidable, in proportion 
 to the wealth of their fubjeils, which augmented by 
 commerce i that the more kindly llrangers were en- 
 tertained, die more trade flouriflied ; and confciiucntly 
 the prince became more rich. That with regard to 
 Acliin in particular, the port lay well for the trade of 
 Bengal, Java, the Moluccas, and China j which 
 countries, having vent for their mercliandife, would 
 not fail to refoit thither wiih them j that by thi> 
 means, as the king's power w<mld improve, the trade 
 of the I-'ortuguefe, and their great ftrength in the In- 
 dies would gradually diminilh : and that in cafe his 
 m.ijefty Iliould want any artificers, he might have 
 them out of Kngland, only fatisfying them for their 
 voyage, and allowing them liberty to return when diey 
 ibought lit ; th.it any other neceilarv which his coun- 
 try atfordtd, flioiild be at the king's fervicc, prc- 
 fumingthat his majelly would not demand any thing 
 that the queen could not with nlcafurc confent to, or 
 Vol. 1. N' 30. 
 
 * The bill lime of liis l»cin«; at court, lia\ ing leave to fettle a 
 fiiflovy, ar.il !)uiM a Kilt It llic colrancc of the liailiour. uiulci 
 Itctcncc (if fcciiri"!; the rnercliantv goo.is 'tocaiifc t!ie cirv was 
 liiliicti to lire. I iie kins; pcrceiiini; f.is ilclitn, give hiiiitiiiv 
 intwcr : " Until vnui- iiuiltr [f«y. Tie) « ilaltjIeeV lo gi^e irn 
 
 il'..t (liould be contrary ei'hcr to tli.i In lu.iii, ll.- 
 
 lur le.'^.;ues with Lliiiiti m pr 
 
 If. 
 
 tartlii 
 
 th. 
 
 111! 
 
 rii> 
 id 
 
 '-^•\'V> 
 
 loilid c:i:ile ini- 
 
 meiliate prodainatiun 
 
 to be 
 
 'that iini. 
 
 , f hi! 
 
 people flii.uld .ibufe any of llir Knglini, but tf.at th 
 
 iht ( 
 
 reijii 
 
 ,(l' 
 
 . fo efl'e 
 
 tlvir trade pvaeealdy : and this I. It 
 
 fubj'ets were 
 
 Uriel' 
 
 iually gi 
 
 lh..t ,:ltlii ii,;h hJH 
 
 y P 
 
 ibitt 
 
 a'k bs' 
 
 It, v;C 
 
 the Eiiglidi might !;(j botf iiight .in. I I'tiy v. iih.'ut 
 
 lemipiion ; 
 
 at iinl.iw 
 
 fill ho 
 
 if any of tiiini vvtio found abro.id 
 the jullice brought thin Irinie to 
 the tidiiiiral's hiiule, ..uil ih re dcliv. I rd th .'in." 
 
 The conference bting enilid, tlv biihrp dvfind tlio 
 adiniial In b t him haiea nicinora.'.dum in writ'iig (>t° 
 his reafiui'-, and the privilc;;cs he dLnvinikd in tlio 
 queen's name, for tSte meuliar.l«, in or.ler t.i lliew 
 to the king; telling; him, thatv.ithin three days he 
 (lioiild have his i;i;j liy'. r.nfwcr. After thi'-, (oUiC 
 iliieoiirfe p.iflcil, relating to '\v: afl'.iits of ChiilUn- 
 doin, and then with much c.nigratiilation tliey broko 
 lip for that time. Having takm care to lend Lis d.- 
 maiids, (\^liieli wire p.iriiydrawn up hefore h..n I) 10 
 the ii'ibl.men j the w xt time he went lo court, as hs: 
 fit before the kitig, looking .'.t cock-fightin/, {which 
 w.is one of tile chief (li\-i lions of that moii..r.!i) 
 he lent his interpreter with his db-'dieiice to his ni-ijef- 
 ty, defiring him to be mindliil of the biifinefr. alu.ut 
 which he had conferred with his nobli n.r.n. Here- 
 iipuiithe king called the admiral, and t'dd him, th.ic 
 he wai carelul of his difpatcli.'v, .iiid would v. illingly 
 enter into tte.ity with her ir::jifty, fayiir/, that on h:s 
 part it lluHild inviolably be kept ; that as for the de- 
 nt. ind-i and .articles he had let donn in writing, tiny 
 lliould all be drawn up fair by one of h^s fecietarie'^, 
 and aittliori/.-d by himlelf. Aeeordingly, within fi\c 
 or fix d.iys they were delivered to the ailmiral by the 
 king's own hand, acconip.inied with m.Tiiy kind and 
 gracious exprcfTions. 
 
 This league of pe.ice tind amity biitig fetiUd, tlti; 
 ir.creliams went contituially to pro\ ide pepp.r foi la- 
 ding their (hips, but tlicrecaine in but final I (|'.;:'nti!ie>, 
 on account of the lalt year's fterility. Therefore 
 iinderltandingby fonte of the natives, that at a port 
 called Priaman, about 150 leagues from thence, 
 in the fouth part of the illand ; they might load one-' 
 of tlieir finaller (hips, they fent the Sufan thither, 
 appointing .Mr. Ilenri' Middleton captain andchiif 
 mercli.int In her. I'ltcy were alfo much gricvul 
 that Captain John Davis, their principal pilot, had 
 told the merchants defore their coming from I.ondnn, 
 that pepper was to be had here for four Spanilh rials ^^( 
 eight, the hundred j whereas it coll them almoll 
 twenty. The admiral, on this account, was per- 
 plexed how to load the fliips fo as to favehisovvii 
 credit, preftrve thecftccmof the nurchaiits who em- 
 ployed him, and keep up the reputation of his coun- 
 try, confidering how difgraceful it would appear iu 
 the neighbouring nations if they (hould return empty 
 from the Indies. Bcfides, the I'ortugucfeamb.iflador 
 watched every ftcp they took, although be was no 
 way acceptable to the king. Soon after this, thcic 
 came to their houfc to fell hens, an Indian belong- 
 ing to the Portuguefe captain, who came with a cargo 
 of rice, from the port of Bengal. As this captain lay 
 in the ambad'ador s houfe, the admiral miftrufted the 
 Indian came only as a fpy ; however, he ordered that 
 he (hould be well ufcd, and that they fliould always 
 buy his hens, giving him a handfomc price. At lalf, 
 the admiral took occafion to talk with him, aflcinjj 
 whence he came, and what country he w.is of; and in 
 the courfe of the converi'atlon, underltood that he 
 fcrveda Portuguefe, and then propofedthathc (hould let 
 him know the motions of the Portuguefe ambafTidor, 
 4 X promifing 
 
 foti, that he is fo careful of my country ? He nceil not Iw at the 
 charge of liuiUling a fort ; for I have a fit hoifc within Ituid, 
 aliout two leagues from this cite, which I will Ipate liftn for 
 the uleof his failory, where they may dwell without fear cither 
 of eaemics or f;ic j for I will piotci^ ikciii." 
 
 ll 
 
u* 
 
 vDYACfes or tme encmsm 
 
 I, 
 
 III 
 
 promi/ine to give him hi* liticrty for ihat firvicc. 
 ■* The Initial) went aw.iy very will picafalj as was 
 vilible by his countenance, and the (|iiiekners iil his 
 pace. Anil by lii< niean-i, whatever the nmbafl'ajur 
 dill all the day, they were I'uie tn hear it cither that 
 night, or next murniiig, and the man carried the 
 matter fu warily, that neither any of the amball'ador's 
 houl'c, nr of thu Knijlifli themrelvcs, knew what he 
 came about ) for he bad all the necell'.My qualifica- 
 tions i)t' a f|n', being (ul'iiicioii'i, crafty, cautious, 
 and fubtle, never trulting any to hear what dikoiirfe 
 he had with the admiral, hut delivcied his mind lu 
 him alone, and that in fo ciielcis a manner, as if he 
 had aniwered the admiral's ijuedions innocently, and 
 witliout defigiij for he IKxid in fear of the Kiiglilh, 
 lell ihey Ihould betray the fecret of his coming; to (i.11 
 hens, which fervcd to colour liis coming to their huufe. 
 Next day the admiral was fent for to go to court, 
 where the king difcourfed with him, about an am- 
 bafl'agc the monarcii of Siam had fent him, about the 
 connuert of Malacca, and what forces he would aflitl 
 him with by fea, if he undertook that fervice ; for 
 the king of Sumatra was able to lit out a great number 
 of galleys, jirovided he had four or five months warn- 
 ing before hand. This propor.il the admiral fecoiuied 
 with many reafons, and took occafion to mention 
 how infokntly the Spanifh anibaflaJor carried himfcif j 
 and that his coming was only as a fpy, to difcoyer 
 the ftrcngth of his kingdom. " 1 know well, (faid 
 the king) for they arc enemies of mine, as 1 have 
 been to them ; but how came you to know fo much ?" 
 Tlic admiral anfwercd, that the ambadador had 
 planted fpies about him, to obfeivc all his ai^ions, 
 and pry into his defigns ; among other things, that 
 lie had got a draught of his (liips, with intent to fend 
 it to Malacca, and procure force Irom thence, to let 
 upon them unawares. Tlic kiiij fmiled to hear the 
 admiral talk at this rate, niu! laid. " Yow need not fear 
 any danger from that tjuarter ; for all the fticn^;th 
 they have at Malacca, is not able to do thee any harm," 
 the admiral anfwcred, I do ni't fear their ftrengtli as 
 to what they can do to mc ; but it may prevent my 
 attempts againft them ; for if they fltould have notice 
 of the time I mean to go to lea, thev will be furc to 
 keep within their ports ; fo that I Ihall not be able to 
 come at them. "Is it fo f" faid the king, " Yes, (faid 
 the admiral) and therefore I would intrcat yourmajelfy, 
 to detain two of the amballador's fervants, who, 
 within three days, fets out for Malacca, taking their 
 way not directly from hence, but by another port of 
 yours, where they arc to hire a bark for the ])urpofe, 
 bccaufo they mav be furc not to be intercepted ; and if 
 vour majefty arrefts them there, you m.iy be privy to 
 j'omeoftlicirplotsanddcfigns." "Well, faid the king, 
 let me know of their departure from hence, and then 
 you (hall fee what I will do for you." The admiral 
 took his leave very well pleafed ; and having learned 
 the fecret from the hen-merchant, apprirciTthc king 
 of it. The time being come that the ambafl'ador's 
 two fervants were to depart with the draughts, and 
 their mafter's letters, they went to a port about 
 twentv-five leagues from Achin, where, having agreed 
 for tlieir paflagc, they embarked ; but as they were 
 going over the bar, a mile from the city, a frigate 
 went after them, and caufc their bark to lower their 
 fails, that the Juftice might fee their lading; as 
 foon as he got on board, perceiving the two Por- 
 tugucfe, he alked them whence tbcy came, and 
 whither they were going ? They anfwercd, they came 
 from ^chin, and belonged to the Portuguele am- 
 baflii'ior. *' But, faid tne Juftice, you have robbed 
 your maftcr, and run away like thieves with his 
 goods, therefore I will fend you back to him, to 
 anfwcr for vourfelves." In the hafte of fearching them, 
 they loft their draughts and letters ; their trunks were 
 alio broke open ; and they fent bound to Achin, to be 
 delivered to the ambaflador, in cafe they belonged to 
 him. The admiral had fome intelligence of what 
 had pafTcd, and the next time he went to the court, 
 the king called to him, and faidj «' Now, what fay 
 
 you? Are you contented)" the admiral mVic hlnl 
 obeifancr, and gave him hearty thanks tor his cle- 
 mency, .iiul kinilncfi towards him. After fome other 
 difcourii', the admiial departed i mcinwhile, the 
 Indian came daily to fell hii hens ; and, as the 
 admiral fufpeilcd, and he himfelf afterwaids confelled, 
 not without his mailer's confent. Hy this lime the 
 lummer was paft, and September come, thefi-afoiiin 
 which the admiral meant to go to fea, in oider to 
 fupply his necefliiies. And now fell out the 
 greatcll crofs of all to his defigns. The amballluloi 
 himfelf had obtained his difpatcli from the kii:^; in lie 
 gone J wliich the .-idmiral being apprifcd of, went to 
 court, and cimiing where the king was feated to vu w 
 the fports that weie made for his divcrfion, he lent his 
 interpreter to defirethe honour of an auditnie. The 
 king immediately called for him, and demanded his 
 errand. " It has pleafed your highncfs, faid the admi- 
 ral, to do mc many favours, and therefore 1 am 
 emboldened to requeft one kindncfs more at your 
 majedy's hand." "What is that, faid the kinglmiling, 
 are there more Portugucfe going to Malacca to hinder 
 your meafure ? yes, laid the .iiliniral, the ambaflador 
 nimfelf, (as I am informed) hath your majeity's 
 difpatch to be gone at his picafurc ; and is determined 
 to depart within live days, "And what would you 
 have me do, faid the king ?" " (Jnly to detain him ten 
 days, replied the admiral, till 1 am gone with my 
 fhips." " Well litid the king, and laughed, you mult 
 bring me a fair Portuguele maiden when you re- 
 turn, and then I fhall be pleafed." With thii 
 aiifwer, the admiral took his leave, and made all llic 
 hafte he could to be gone ; leaving the merchnnts 
 i:nder the king's proteftion till he returned, with 
 directions, in the mean time to levy what pepper they 
 could, to help out the Alcenfion, which was more 
 than three quarters laden : yet lie would not leave her 
 tiehind htm, riding in the port, but took her with 
 him ; for he rode but in an open place. 1'hrcc fhips 
 being ready, a captain of a Dutch (hip, who was iii 
 the ro.id, defircd he might bear the admii.il company, 
 and take part in this adventure. His Iliip -^as about 
 200 tons ; but he had as little money to buy commo- 
 dities as the Knglilh : and thcr>forc was glad of a 
 p, accepting of an eighth of what (hould be taken, 
 wliicli was ofi^ered him. The admiral having taken 
 lis leave of the king, and prefcnted to him Meflrs. 
 Starkey and Styles, two of the chief merchants, 
 left behind to provide pepper during the cruife, his 
 majefty gr.icioully took them into his prottiition j 
 after which, on the nth of September, the (hips fct 
 fail towards the Streights of Malacca. 
 
 But now we muft relate in what manner the -., , „- . 
 king dealt with the ambaflador of Portugal, he being jcumej. 
 very eager to be gone. After tlieir departure, he 
 every day urged to have his difpatch granted : but 
 ftill upon one occafion or another, his paflport was 
 delayed. At length, (twenty-four days after the 
 admiral's putting to fea) the king faid to him, "1 
 wonder you are fo hafty to be gone, feeing the 
 Englifh ambalTador is at fea with his (hip P he is 
 ttronger than you j and if he (hould meet you, may 
 do you a mifchief." " I value him not, replied the 
 amiiaflador, for my frigate is fo nimble with fail and 
 oars, thit if 1 have but her length before him, I will 
 defy all his force." " Well, (laid the king) I am the 
 more willing you (hould depart, fince I fee you 
 confident of your fafcty : whereupon he had his dif- 
 patch to be gone. Ttiis delay proved very Ibrvicc- 
 ablc to the £ngli(h : for if the ambaflador had left 
 Achin earlier, all (hips would have had .idvicc of 
 them, by frigates fent from Malacca ; but as the in- 
 telligence was ftopped, they lay within twenty-five 
 leagues of that city itfcif, without the roattcr being 
 known. 
 
 On the 3d of OiSober, lying off and on in the 
 Streights of Malacca, the Heilor faw a fail, and 
 calling to the reft of the (hips, they all dcfcrietl her. 
 It being towards night, direction was given to fpread 
 a mile and a half (rom each other, that (he might 
 
 nvt 
 
 A flili 
 
to G U f 1< E A AND THE EAST INDIES, 
 
 "^ Tl,c tmllTKlor 
 
 iifll pifit thorn in the ilark. 'f lie Ihip fell with the 
 Hri'.lnr, whii h huiliJ hir, ami llinl titF two iii thric 
 fi'ciA of orjn.uiic. I his nuinj; the rill (it thi- 
 illipn notii.c, ihcy .ill drew .iIhuiI hii, ami l)ci;.iii the 
 attack with llini t;r(at (hut, wliicli (lie ritiiiiied. 
 liut whin the ailiiiiialS llii|) came tip, he fitcil fix 
 giiiH tn;>ether out ol his prow ) aiiJ tlieii licr iiiitin- 
 yard hi! down. Altcrthat, there « as iii) more tiring 
 on tilhir fiilei the admiral bcinu; fearful of (ink- 
 ing her by a (lint between wind and water. Al bie.ik 
 ot (lav, the capt.iin with foine (if the reft •■nteriiiQ 
 A (lui. t.il.ui tlKir iMWt, Captain Middtetoii in the llea.ir, which 
 was next her, c.illeJ them tu him, and then brnught 
 them onbdanl the admiral, to whom they furrcndcred 
 their (liip and goods. Alter this, he caufed nil the 
 chief iiicii ill iheir prize, to be dilliibutcd on board 
 his (hips, and placed on board her four of hi« own 
 men -, who fullered none die to cntqr the veflel, for 
 fear (.f pillaging : bccaiifc they were to anlwcr for 
 whatever (JiouKl be niilTing, out of their wages and 
 Ihares j for the (hip was unladen foUly by its own 
 boatfw ain and mariners, w ithout any afTiftamc from 
 the Kiiglifti ; only they received tneir goods into 
 their boats, and carried them on board fuch (hips, as 
 the adniral appuiiitid. Ity this order, lifling and 
 pil!a"''ng was wholly prevented, which otherwifc, 
 could h .dly have been avoided. In five or fix days, 
 they linloadej 950 packs of calico, and other 
 niei'chandifes, ihc had in herlikcwil'e much 
 rice and other gocxls, of which however the 
 Knglidi made "finall account. After this, a ({orin 
 iiri(ing, they fet all her men on board i and then left 
 her riding at anchor. 'I'his (hip came from a place 
 called St. Thomas, in the bay of Uciigal, and was 
 bound for M.ilacca. When they intercepted her, 
 above 6co pel fons, men, women and children, were 
 on board i her burthen being goo tons. The admi- 
 ral would never go on biiaid her, that he might give 
 jio fufpicion, cither to the mariners prefent, or the 
 merchants at London, of iliflioneft dealing, to fcrvc 
 his own intere(f. The admiral was very glad of this 
 lucky eircumllancc which fiipplied all his oecafions, 
 and enabled him to load as many more (liips, if he had 
 them i fo that now he was at a lofs, not for money, 
 but for a place to leave the reft of the goods in fafety, 
 till the return of the (hips from Kngland. On the 
 21II of Oi^obcr, the admiral returned (or Achin. 
 By the way, a great water-fpout fell not far from the 
 admiral, and put them in great fear. 
 
 They caft anchor in the port of Achin, on the 
 a4th ot Ocitober, where the admiral went on (horc, 
 and found all the merchants in health j who greatly 
 Commended the entertainment they had received in 
 his abfencc from the king : therefore the admiral 
 by way of gratification, chole out fuch things from 
 among the prize-goods, as he thou,(;ht might be moft 
 to the king's liking, and prefented them at his firli 
 going to court. The king receiving the prifcnt, 
 welcomed the admiral, and fecmed very joyful for the 
 good fucccfs he had againft the Portiiguefe : but jeft- 
 ingly (aid, he had forgot the mod important bufincft 
 he had rmueiUd at his hands, which was the fair 
 Portugue(c maiden. The admiral made anfwer, that 
 he met with none deferving o( the honour to be fo 
 prefented. The king fmiled, ami fiid, "If there be 
 any thing in my kini^dom, lliat may ploafure you, I 
 would be glad to gratify your good will." After this 
 the admiral commanded the merchants to put on 
 board the Afcenrion, all fuch pepper, cinnamon and 
 cloves, as they had bought in his abfcence ; which 
 was Icarccly the (hip's full lading : but at that time 
 4herc was no more to be had, nor that year to be 
 hoped for. he dclired them likewife to repair with 
 thi Ir things on board, being rrfolvcd to go for Ban- 
 tam in Java Major ) where he underllood he fliould 
 meet with both a good (ale tor his commodities, and 
 plenty of pepper, at a much more rcafonablc price 
 than at Achin. The admiral, before his departure, 
 went to court, to notify it, and h.id a long confer- 
 eiti;c with the king i who delivered him a Tetter for 
 
 the (piern, written in Arabic. They left Aelilii tfio 
 (itli 111 Niiveiiiber, being three (hips, the IJr.ij;(iii, 
 iiic Heiitiwi and the Afceiili'in. '1 hey kept company 
 iwo il.iy> J and then the admiral difpatchcd his letters 
 fur l',ii;.|,iiul, by the Alccnfioii : (he Iteering her 
 eouile ni.\ards the Cape ot Uixid Hope, and tlv y 
 along Sumatra, tor llantaiii, to fee if they could 
 meet with the Sufaii, which had urders to lade at 
 I'rianian. In tlieir way, they fell amon.:; foii'L- 
 Iflaii.ls in the Might, woiidtrinj; when the day ap- 
 proached, ^ how they got (hither without (eeiii^ 
 them. They were near the (horc and all low i 
 the lea alio full uf Hats and Kicks, lo that thiy 
 were in great danger before they could get clear. 
 Keeping their couile, they pillbJ the line the thiul 
 timej and came to I'riaiii.ui on the 26th of No- 
 vember. Here thL .Sulaii had provided towards 
 their lading, aliout 000 bahars of pepper, and 
 (ixty-fix of cloves. Their pep|)er indeed colt them 
 lets than at Aehin j bur none grows ubout this 
 port, on liic contrary, all is brought from a place 
 eight or ten league off in the country. This 
 place, (I'riaman) produces no other coniniudiiie«i 
 only there was good (lore of gold dull, and (mall 
 grains ; which they wafli out of the faiids of the 
 rivers; after the gieat floods, that fall from the 
 mountains, fiom whence it is brought. It is a 
 good place for relrelhing, and quite healthful^ 
 the air being very good, thongh it lies within fifteen 
 minutes ot the line. Having taken in provilions, 
 the admiral ordered the captain of Sufan, to haften 
 her lading with pepper, and fo to depart for England. 
 After which, on the 4th of December, he Ihaped his 
 couife towards Bantam. On the 15th, they entered 
 the Streightsof Sunda, and came to anchor under an 
 ifland, three leagues from that city, called Pulo 
 Panfa. Next morning, they entered the road of 
 Bantam, and (hot oft' fuch a peal of ordnance, as hat! 
 never been heard there before. On the 17th, the 
 aiimiral fent Captain Middleton on (horr, to let the 
 king know that he was fent by the queen of England, 
 and had both a niciragc and a letter from her,- 
 requiring his niajefty's I'afe conduit and warrant to 
 land, in order to deliver the fame. The king an- 
 fwcred, that he was very glad of his coming, and 
 fent a nobleman back with the captain to welcome 
 the admiral, and accompany him to fliorc, Being 
 arrived at court, he found the king, (who was a child 
 of ten or eleven years of age) fitting in a round houfc 
 with fixtccn or eighteen noblemen about him, in 
 tome kind of ftate. The king welcomed him, and 
 after Come dilcourfc about his mefl'age,' delivered the 
 queen's letter into the king's hand, with a prefent of 
 plate and fome other things ; which the king received 
 with a fmiling countenance, and referred the admiral 
 (for further conference) to one Of his nobles^ who 
 was then proteiilor. After talking an hour and a 
 half upon ditFercnt matters, that nobleman receivctt 
 the admiral and all his company, under the king''* 
 protciSlion 1 inviting him to land, where he might 
 buy and fell without any moleftation, alTaring him 
 that he (hould be as fale as if he were in his own 
 country, and this all the reft of the nobles confirmed. 
 The king, having given the admiral leave to thulc 
 a houfe wheic-evcr he thought (it, that was his next 
 care; fo within two days, the merchants brought 
 goods on ftjorc, and began to fell ; but one of the 
 king's nobles coming to inform the admiral, that it 
 was the cuftom of the king, to furnilh himfcif be- 
 fore his liibjeiSs. The admiral was contented, hav- 
 ing been apprifcd, that he would give a rcafonablc 
 price, and pay very well. The king being ferved, the 
 merchants went forward in the falcs ; (b that in five 
 weeks time, they fold more goods than would pay for 
 the lading of both the fliips. They brought Crom 
 thence 276 bags of pepper, each containing 6alb. 
 which coft five rials and half an eight, befides an- 
 choracc and the king's cuftom. The anchorage for 
 both mips coft, by agreement made with the Shah 
 Bandar, or governor of the city) i joo rials of eitht^ 
 
 nf 
 
 l'r>? 
 
 i 
 
35' 
 
 lu..! 
 
 V o Y A <; F. s () K I n i: k i. 
 
 I. i 
 
 til'.' fiiiKim wji nnt i\:A <•( i-\'^\\t, >ij)'.ii mry 
 I'll. V tr.uK'tJ vrry j-lOliIiIv, iilihoii/li ilu J.i 
 
 niiy III ihc wurlil. Ilul lln. < 
 
 I, »h\:f hv h 111 ri'- 
 
 ci'iviil fome ImIuIh, w,i< ;uiiI> iifid hy tin' kin^ (<> 
 ' fi' in the iii;lii ; I" 
 
 ; wlUKVci .I'-' till* .11)1. u 
 
 t 1. 
 
 lliiilJttiT (uur orfivi; hr.J iIukIhvii ni.idc cx;iii.|ili.-. of, 
 Ih.y livkJ III iiilir.ililc (.i.icij a;,J iiiiiitiKh, yi.t k-ii 
 liiiii.iMy ki'i't t.uliil V Jt' h (iiry iii^lit. 
 
 A* (.111 .'s tlay !• Ml ;!it ihili P' ^ji-r, ihcy fnt it 
 ci|ibiMiJ( III lh.it 0,1 lii.' litli ol I'lbrii.iiy, |6\.J 4. 
 Tliiii lhip\ «iTC I'l'i'ijilciily l.^lon, iiiid rcmlv t 
 
 i.iir. 
 
 Dii', ill 1I1. 
 
 L'lirt.iiii Miil.ilui'ii 1.1 
 
 til.- llcaiir, I. II I'l 
 
 /'uviii liy till.' ii>l .ili:il, f.'. 
 
 t WMS 11 rul. 
 
 Mil ll.C 
 
 > ivii:'..' 
 
 tll.lC kvllll 
 
 1.1. II ui° ihc vi<.v'. 
 tiij iKI not li^ uik: 
 
 liiinlVlt' W.I 
 ■•(It ivi 
 
 tif llu 
 Ivaid, biiKiilebotli 
 
 i(h. 
 
 \\v 
 
 »iit Ir.'in lli.ir ili.ii^i'. 
 
 TIk' 
 
 ,il li.-.iri 
 
 >( lii« (i.kiu 
 
 wuu to \i 
 
 lit lii 
 
 :illd 
 
 li'und liiiii uc.iLci th.iii lie liinir. Ii pLriclvnl. I'li; 
 
 liii I 
 
 K ill i!k'I^' !.'<t countries, h.iJ Uught 
 iiiid ii> it h ipinnrd witli c'ptnin MiJillctoi^ who, 
 
 f\jiiiii.ii.- 
 
 t.Mil: 
 
 ;h he 
 
 lli.ii wnlkli 
 
 Iv.'o o'ti.ii k till' I.c^t niorniii) 
 
 I il\ iii;^ i|iiiikly t. 
 
 .K 
 
 mid 
 
 lend 
 
 down, (iK-.l at 
 
 aU.iiit 41J tuns, (wh.. 1. lie h:".d) to be l.ulci 
 
 iiditiii;il fe- 
 ll p.iiiiace ol 
 1 wiih coin- 
 
 oditii 
 
 iind 
 
 hi 
 
 iiri. Iiiii!^ 
 
 ;tii I Icllle .1 t'.i^iiry 
 
 l^nt he I in i!i^- M. 
 
 lit ih 
 
 111. 
 
 .Jipillp' t'Ut o 
 
 f K 
 H 
 
 e return '). 
 Aui. Ut ,i!!o Iftt K 
 
 nun, wall piopcr 
 1. 1., lo tr.iil.. till rc', 
 the ii.xt 
 
 ce hu'i'is 111 H.Mii.nii, app.iiiitiii;. 
 
 111. 
 
 men, nil 
 
 Mr, Willi ;in ^iiiikiy, to Ml (iKliti 
 
 ll ul 
 
 lies a< wei\ l^l't biliiiul, iir.d provide loiliriny for ill'.- 
 Jliifis aj;,iiii(l lleir m \t i.tiiiii. CJoiiig tofoiiil to 
 t..Lc> his h .ov ol 11. kini;, licr^ieivcd a Utter and 
 pirfint lor ih;: i]iicrii, ol' f mic ILzoar flones, « iiich 
 were Miy fine : and lor Irii.lVl; a very fine J.iva ila^;- 
 j.'i r, in niiieh elKein there, hilldes a j'.ooil iJe/.o ir Hone, 
 with fomc ctlir things, and then was difii.illed in a 
 \eiy 1i.ii:ilf.'iiie maiiii' r. 
 
 " On the .^vth ot Keii: ii.i'v, f. ys tlu .uithor, thiy 
 Went on board and fifLd tli-ir ^uhSjiukI let Tail /or l.ii;;- 
 l.uid. The 2zJ and 2;jl, they \\ ere in the (trii.;lus 
 o( Sunila; and on the 26th f.oi clear of the ille* 
 there nnd ihc hind, ''olJiiif; thiir coiirle fuuih-WilJ, 
 fo that t!ie 281!, tlv y wi le in ci^ht degrees tour 
 iiiiiuitcs foiitli. Un S'.iiidny tiic 1 5th of Mareli they 
 jiallVd the tiojjic of Caprieorn, tluir courfe niolHy 
 
 Ihe fame, \\ ith a brifk pale at foutii-iall. On the 14th 
 of Ajiiil they were in 34 degms, judging .Vladagaf- 
 e.ir t.j be norih of ihiiti, Tlie 2bili they iiad a very 
 violent (lorni, uhieh fi reed tlieni Intake in all their 
 fail-, .ind cojitiiuud a day and a iiii;ht, with an ex- 
 I'crdini; jreat and ra.'.in^ fea ; fo th.it it (eenied fearcc 
 ji.illible for a fli.; to live in it. However, they wea- 
 iheied it, and made a (liift to repair all the d.iniages 
 tliev h..d rereiicd ; but iheir (liip proved leaky all the 
 \ ..yi^c al'iiT. liy tin. 2d of M.iy they had another grcit 
 ftorni, which continikd all night, the fea beating fo 
 violent!), on the l)r.',»on's quarter, that it Ihook the 
 iron-w.irk of her rudder, ivhiJi next morning broke 
 i.iit^' otf fioi'.i t!ic Hern of the niiji, and funk : this 
 li.'.ick a fe.".r into the la.uts of all the inen j the befl 
 iiiid nioft e\;uri,;u' .1 of tlum, not knowing what to 
 do, and ifpeei illy, feeing iheiiifelvcs in fucliafweli- 
 i 11" ft a, and in fo (Krniv a place, (that the author 
 thinks there aie few wovfe in the world.) Now the 
 fl.ip ilr.ncup and d'.wn in ihcfea likea wreck, which- 
 ever way the wind c:irriicl her ; fo th.Tt fometimes flic 
 w as u illiin three or l-^iir Icii^ues of the Cape of CJood 
 
 ■ " Riglit WDin.'i.f'.d. 
 o What I.mh p.ilVtil iji tl.Is vov^ec, .ir<l wl.at rrii.'..s I liavc 
 <* (ciikil for tlii^ conipai.'. . ant! what other evciit\ have hcfallcn 
 •• ur, \ru fliall iindcrllaiul !iy the hcaicr hereof, tt>\ihoni, (as 
 ** uccal'on nirv l.apper. ) 1 nii.fl icfci vou. 1 uill ilnvc v^itli all 
 o i.ili^cr.cc u* f.ivc in, (Iiip, and licr '.jood!., as ) ou iiiav pti- 
 ** ceivc hv the cui'ifi; 1 lake i- \.;nturirj^ my life, anti iliofc tliat 
 •' «fe with mc. I Lannoi tell w here you fliould look for me, if 
 
 7 
 
 11. 
 
 ,ind till 
 
 III was diiviK by a ronlr.iry wii..!, 'O 
 
 ■ liiiotl .(. d. „re.s fouthward, 11. to ili<f huil .md mow 
 
 Thi. 
 
 iio.lhir (ireat mipfuri iir, the cold 
 
 tlier piiiihiii,' th.iiiixiiedin.'ly, In that li.eir c.il. viu» 
 viryd.plor.,i,|, .11 I dil.Kia.w \vt all ihi.. ulule tlii! 
 Ilieloi ii.diilliioully 1 pt them company, \vl 
 
 was n loii.lnrt lo ihiiii, and foniill 
 
 ii.es th" iii.i 
 
 f- 
 
 of liir, i.inie on board the 1)' ^011, — At lall 
 it WIS i..iHliid. d to put hir ini/ui null out at the 
 II. in pi.il, to I.J if ihiy loul.l ll u ilii lliip int.. Lint 
 pl.iie uliere liny ii.iulit ni..ke anotlur tinhhr i hut thu 
 
 ileviei' wa, to *. 1 
 litl. 
 
 (''v I a K 
 
 y litil' piiip 
 
 .1., 'f.-r \, 
 
 Ih. V l< iJ 
 
 ..wii 1 ah 1. 1 III 
 
 ip the iiiall} 11 fo inuih flu., k the I!, rn, and 1 ut .ill ui 
 
 luili d.;ir;er, lh.it' they 111. ide whiit liille 
 
 lid t.l 
 
 I'.et i; iiii.i the (liip .I'^aiM, iiid w.ie viry f;l,i I ulieii 
 Ih. \ h.id bioujiht It iih'iut. 'I'hiy v.rre now (uifiblc, 
 th.it uiiKfs lluy eoiild iii.ike a tr w iiidder, iiiid h.iiijj 
 '.of. Ie..s i hi.l how lo p.ri.,rin 
 (iiip b'ln,; of ^ or Hco I'.ii', 
 
 it, tluy mull pelilli in ll.of. |e.,s ; but 
 
 it uas ill.- dillu iiltv, 
 ..lu! in f.i .1.1111,1 r. 
 eoniii.lliii 
 
 part of 111.' oe.an I yet luitliily 
 J tiuin to try means, the .idinir.i'l oidem! iho 
 .aip ni.r to ii;.ike on.' out of ilie nii/en-m.ill ; but 
 thu obll'Je ar.,l'e, th.il with their rudder t.ijf 
 lolf moll ef the irons which lalliiiid it, yi t tluy «int 
 r I, .Hid one of the men dived to fe.1rehul1.1t 
 only iv.o wlioir, ami a 
 and . 
 and pioL. . iKd 
 
 lo 
 
 ii.ii.s r.niaiiie.!, but he l.iiiii.l 
 
 broken on 
 
 I|...V(v.r, the ru. 1. 1.1 Ivii." (iniihe.l, 
 
 hiu'iii:' a fii.- d.ny, th. y fallctitd it . 
 
 ..n then wa 
 
 ,v.ird> ; bul within tlir.e or l.iur 
 
 !tir, the (,..1 to./k It cir 
 
 ,aiu, an. I tliey liaJ 
 iiiiuh trouble I.) fue it, with tlu lol< of aoolherof 
 lliiir iioiis i fo that now they li.id liil two to ban;, it 
 by, and the 11X11 f;rew d.lirous to i]iiii tin- (In p, ami ^a 
 .11 board the ll...:ior : this the aiiinii il .ippoled, f;iy- 
 iiiL', hedel'paiad not to f.ve the (hip and the iiooiM, 
 as will a» then felvi'., by (Jiie nuaiis or oiber. On 
 that he went into the cabin, and wiotc a litter fir 
 Klif.land, lo f.n.l it l.y 'l.r HeCl.ir,* wlii'-h heoiiL'iid to 
 .1. p.irt ..ii.l Ii..vi' him ili.ie, will... 11' hiiin^oiiL' of ihc 
 eompany kn.iv.' of it. The liitci b. iii;;il. livcred, the 
 .idiiiiial expi'cl. d the lltilor would h.ive left liiiii ii» 
 ihc iii;'ht ; but Iccin.^ il.c Oiip in the 11101 niii;;, 
 
 he fa;d, I lule men rej'aid no lon.inands. i.iie 
 
 llill k()it two or thiic Ir.iMues from tluni; lor the 
 ni.ilhr, who w.is an hoiulf i^ood nun, Ime.l the a.l- 
 iniiai well, ..ml was very loifi to have him in f.i fifw-at 
 diltrefs, ^it feeinu; it now was necill'iry they fliouM 
 exirt thenililves, the carpenter mmle the rud.ler .again 
 f.ilinnly, that they b, jiii to be in hopes of getting at 
 length into I. line p.irt of rcliif. Now they had been 
 driven lip and down in ilul'e gieat le.is, ami endured 
 many more lforrri<^^ than are hcie nientioiud, fumetimes 
 lor one whole month lojjctlier, fo that the men began 
 to fall litk and dillafe.l : the wind alio fell fo lew 
 that they could fetch no part of the cuaft of Africa. 
 Knowini; therefore, tint they li.id doubled the Cape 
 of Good Hope, by the lici;;ht they were in to the 
 northward, they failed dirciitly to the idand of St. 
 Helena. In their pafljj.e the main-yard fell, and 
 ftruck one of their men into the (ea, who wa« 
 ilrowncd. 'Ibis was an unlucky accident. On the 
 5th of June, thi y pallid the tropic of Capricorn j 
 and the 16th in the morning had fi^ht cf St. Helen... 
 They bore aloiij; the fhoic to get tHe beft of the ro.id, 
 and cafl anchor in 12 fathoms water, right agaiiill a 
 fmall channel, which the Portuguefe had built long 
 before, (ioing on (hore, they found, by many wri- 
 tings, that the caracks h.id de]iartcd but tight davs he- 
 fore. Here ihey found good refreshment of water, and 
 
 wild 
 
 " you fend out anv pinnace to feek me, l^caufe I live at the Je*- 
 " votton of ihe win. lb and fcas, nli.l thus fate you well. .Kliiitiir 
 " ChI to fen.l us a mcrrv tiiceiiiiL^ in this woi IJ, if it Ih; Ids >£.>i>ii 
 ** will an.l picafure. 'I'he pallagc to ilic F.aif In.lies in 61 dcg, 
 " anil 1 lull, hy ih: nonl.weii on iI.c Ameiican liilc. 
 " Vuur lovinj; liicn.l, 
 
 " jAMts Lancaster." 
 
 r ' ' 
 
 I 1. • ■ ■ ■ .. ...15 
 
 . 
 
to GUINEA AND THE EAST INDIES. 
 
 w!IJ gnalt, but they arc hiirti to come ut, witlimit 
 gixHl Jirii'liDiin for the piirpolc, 'I he ttiuili' tin 
 iHlniirul tunic w.ii thi*, he iippoiiited lour of thv kit 
 fliot's-riii'ii he h.iil t<i;;() intu the niiilille ol ihc ilUiiil, 
 With imir mrii t» uttciul on each, to carry the g<at> 
 that were killed to the rende/.vou^ i and twenty men 
 went every day to I'eti h them to the Ihipii, takin;; care 
 nut to make any fort of nuil'e, that ml|;hl lri|>lit 
 the anIniaK ; and by thelv meaim the lllipi were plui- 
 Jil'ully fupplicd. While they (laid there they put 
 thiir Ihip'i inonler, and Iciirclied their rudder, which 
 they hoped would lad ilicin home. All thv ikk men 
 rc.-civered their health, by ictreflling with (;n.iis and 
 h'i:;'!i fli(h, which they had great iieid ol ; (or they 
 fiw no land during! three months, hut were contimi- 
 ally beating the lea.— I'he Jth of July they fet (ail 
 from this illand, liccring north-wcfl, and on the i (ih 
 pafled hy the ifland called The Alceiifion, in tinhtde- 
 gires. No (hips touched there, it bciiiL quite bai red, 
 *nd without water, only it had goud itore of filh 
 
 about it. hiu 
 
 dfp feJ, .nnd III ridlnp; for fliip*. 
 I'toMi hence lluy hild the ir courCe in tin: (anie ilirci 
 
 fp (e.i 
 
 iildthd 
 lion, the wind bein;^ Couth and (niith cnlf, till ilij 
 li;lh, .uidlh.ii palled the Line. On lhe]^lhth>y 
 were in lix d. ;,ree^ iioilh, and hy ellim.ition 1 5'i 
 Icijines Irom thecoall ot (iiiineai then bearing away 
 noith-we(( hvnoilh, till the 2()lh, they ha.l li(;ht ol 
 the illaiul of I ue^ii. Merc they were iKcalniul for live- 
 days, llrivini; lo pal's to tlieealtward of it, butcouM 
 nol, (or the wim' ciianiiul, and c.inic iibmit north- 
 call, I'll they Hood will norih-wi ll. On the 7lh of 
 Auijull, i6oj, ihiy wire in I'l dej;r . *, »iul thi." 
 litn p.ilUd the Tr.ipic of Cancer, in i ) .U;;ree« and ;i 
 half, iiuldiii}; their courle northerly ; on the i(;tli Ihcy 
 palled the illand if St. Mary, the wiiu' fur, 'I'Ik' 
 :ih of Srptcnilur they lii:nin to (iiund, jud ;;iiin tin* 
 Land's t.iiil of |-.n(',land to be (oil) liaj;iii'. dif- 
 tant i and uii the iilh came well and fafc into the 
 Downii. 
 
 THE VOYAGE OP CAPTAIN HENRY MIDDLETON, BEING THE 
 - SECOND EQUIPPED BY THE EAST INDIA COMPANY. 
 
 THIS voviige wai performed by Captain Henry 
 Middletun, in the Ked Dragon, admiral ; the 
 Hc6lor, Captain SuHlet, vice-admirul ) the Afceii- 
 fion. Captain Colthurif, and the Sulan, (the cap- 
 tain's name unknown) which was Ki(t on Iter re- 
 turn. 
 
 Having taken leave of the company, the (hips de- 
 parted from Uravcfcnd the 25th of March, 1604, 
 and about the joth of December fullowing, after va- 
 rious accidents, arrived (the men being very weak) 
 in Bantam road. There palled many colnpliment^ 
 between them and the Hollanders, who falutcd each 
 other with their great guns ; and the la(l day of the 
 year, the admiral of tf .- Dutch dined on board the 
 Dragon. 'I'he following day the F.nglifh admiral 
 went on flinrc with a letter and a prel'ent from the 
 king of England, to the king of llantani, which 
 were with great ceremony received by that young 
 monarch, wliowas but 1;^ years of age, and governed 
 by a protei5lor. 'J'he i6ih of December, the admiral 
 came on hoard from Bantam, to proceed on his voyage 
 tor the Moluccas, ordering Mr. SufHct to go home 
 in the Heflor. The yih of January following, 
 they anchored under the (hnre of Vcranula. The 
 people here bear a deadly hatred to the Portugucfe, 
 and therefore had fent to the Hollanders for aid, pro- 
 mifing to become their fubjcc5ts, if they expelled 
 them. In fliort, the latter preparing to nrt'ault 
 thccaAle of Amboyna, (ummoned the I'orluguefc in 
 the prince of Orange's name, to deliver it that day 
 by two o'clock, which they rcfurcd : yet in the end, 
 after many attii-.ki, i: was furrcndered to them by 
 compontion : after which, the governor of the town, 
 by order of the Dutch, debarred the Englifh from 
 tr,iding there. 'I'lie war continuing between the 
 Ternatins and Tydorians, the ("ir(l were a(ri(lcd by 
 the Dutch, the latter hy the Portugucfe. Soon af- 
 ter, the Knglifli being under the iiland of Tydorc, 
 difcoyarcd two galleys of Te<-nate, between Pulo Co- 
 iially and Tydorc, in full fail between them, wav- 
 ing with a white H\g, that they might (Irike and 
 ftay for thepi. At the fame time, feven galleys of 
 Tydorc came rowing between them and the ftiorc, to 
 aflault the Ternatans. 'fhe ailmiral feeing the dan- 
 ger they were in, lay by the lee, to know what the 
 matter wtis. In the foremolt of thofe galley; was 
 the king of Ternate, with many of his nobles, »nd 
 three Dutch mercbaM^ whB^being in great («»r, im- 
 
 Voi.. I. N" 3U. '-''ti': 
 
 ^r»*». ** 
 
 / 
 
 
 ■* .'td>.-">''.- 
 
 ■ J.lik..:. 
 
 plorcd ilie.iilmiral, for (lod's fake, to lave thini, and 
 the other galley, wheiein was (everal lliill.iiideis, 
 from the 'I'ydorians, from whom they expected no 
 mercy, if they were taken. (Jn this the admi- 
 ral ordered his gunner to flioot at the Tyilore g.illeys i 
 yet they di (illed not, but boarded the laltei within 
 gua-diot of the Englidi, and put all in her lo the 
 (word, except three who Caved theiiid Kcs hy Iwini- 
 niing, and \«an| taken up by the EnglKh boats. The 
 admiral being deterniineil to go for Tydorc, the Dutch 
 intreated that he would not let the king of Icrnaieaiul 
 them fall into their enemies hands, from wliuni he 
 had fo lately delivered themj proniiling, in return, valt 
 quantities of cloves, and other commodities of I'lr- 
 nate and Maken ; but they did not keep their pro- 
 mile. 
 
 On the king of Tcrnatc's going on hoard the Dr.l- 
 "on, he trembled for fear ; this the admiral fuppo- 
 (ing to be the cITed of cold, put a black damalk 
 laced with gold, and lined with unfliorn velvet on his 
 back, which, at his departure, he had not the man- 
 ners to reftore, but kepi it as his own. The admiral 
 arriving at the Portugucfe town in Tydorc, the go- 
 vernor of the fort fent one Thomas Je Torres and 
 others, with a letter, intimating that the king of 
 Ternate, and the Hollanders, reported, that there 
 was nothing but treafon and villainy to he expected at 
 the hands of the Englifh ; but that, for his part, hi: 
 cnncLiveil a better opinion of them, believing tholo 
 fuggcftioni to be nothing but malice. Whnt run- 
 tirmcd this, not longaftcr, was, the arlnnral being at ths: 
 king's town, fent Mr. (Jrave on board the Dutch ad- 
 miral, who gave him but a cool ieccp:ion, and charged 
 theEnglilh with having aflilKd tin.- Poriugueib in Ihe 
 lad wars againrt the king of Ternaie and -them, with 
 ordnance and other ammunition. This the admiral 
 refuted by the teftimony of foine Portugucfe, who 
 were taken prifonejs by them in that a'cf ion ; and 
 then being alhamed of the (lander, the Dutchman af- 
 firmed, he had it fiom a rencgado Ouzarat, but dij 
 not think it to be true. To complete their Ingrati- 
 tude, not long after, the king of Teinate fccming to 
 affeift the Knglilh nation, the Dutch threatened him, 
 that they would forfake him, and join with his mortal 
 enemy the king pf Tydorc, if he liiffcred the Enn- 
 lifh either to have a failory, or any trade with his 
 fuI»jeas:.«W(twrtiilg,.tli»t they were thieves and rob- 
 b*8 1 •WH* 1^ 'woiJld- find them to be fuch, ajji' 
 
 ■J,,;.' 
 
 »> , 
 
 
 »,^^V>»^* 
 
 \\\ 
 
 I I 
 
 I 
 
 ii 
 
 i 
 
• -J*-. 
 
 3S+ 
 
 VOYAGES OF THE ENOLlStt 
 
 1604 
 
 that the king of Hullnnd was ftrongcr by fea than 
 all Europe befides ; with many I'uch opprobrious 
 fpeechcs againft the,Englifti, and all other chrittian 
 princes. To which infolcnt fpeechcs the admiral 
 replied, " That what Hollander foever had reported 
 them, lied like a villian, and that he would make his 
 aflcrtion good againlt any one who fliould give out 
 fucU a report : affirming, that if the queen of Eng- 
 land had not taken pity on thcrti, they had bct-n 
 utterly ruined by the king of Spain, and branded for 
 flavcs and traitors." The following arc the letters fent 
 bv the kingsof Eaft India to King James of England ; 
 which arc the moil remarkable circumftances in this 
 
 I. The King cf Tcrnatc's Letter to the King of 
 England. 
 
 " I HAVE heard of your niajcfty's fame, by 
 fhat great captain. Sir Krancis Drake, who came in 
 the time of my father, about thir'y years ago; by 
 which captain, my prcdecc(i')r fent a ring to the 
 queen of England, as a token of remembrance : if 
 the aforefaid Drake had been living, he could have 
 informed your majefty of the great love and friend- 
 ship between us, he adling in behalf of the queen, 
 my father for himfelf and his fuccflbrs, and ever 
 fincc that captain's departure, we daily expedled his 
 return, my father living many years after; and I, 
 after his death, living in the fame hope, till 1 
 was father of eleven children. In this time 1 have 
 been informed, that the Englifli were men of a bad 
 difpofition ; and that they came not as peaceable 
 merchants, but to difpoflcfi us of our kingdom : 
 which, by the coming of the bearer hereof, we have 
 found to be falfe ; a thing wc greatly rejoiced at. 
 And after many years expeilaiion of fomc Englilh 
 forces, according to the promife of Captain Drake; 
 here arrived cert.;!n (hips, which we hoped had been 
 Englifli ; but finding them of another nation, and 
 being out of all hope of fuccour from the Englifli, 
 wc wer" conftraincd to write to the priaee "f Holland, 
 to crave aid and alHftanccagainft our ancient enemies, 
 the Portuguefe ; and according to our rcqueft; he hath 
 fent hither his force, which have expelled the Portu- 
 guefe out of all the forts they held at Amboyna and 
 'I'ydorc. Inafmuch, as your majefty h.is fent ine a 
 moft kind and friendly letter by your (ervanr. Captain 
 Henry Middleton, the la.iic doth not a little rejoice 
 us. And whereas Captain Henry Middleton was 
 defirous to leave a fadlory here, we were ver- 
 inclinable thereunto. This the captain of the 
 Hollanders underftanding, he came to challenge me 
 with a former promife, which I h.id written to the 
 prince of Holland, that if he would fend me fuch 
 fuccours, as fliould expel the Portuguefe out of thofe 
 part^, no other nation fliould trade there but they : 
 fo that we were compelled againft our liking, to yield 
 to the Holland captain's rcqueft for that time, for 
 
 which wc crave pardon of your highncfs, pronii.ing, 
 that if any of your nation repair hither in time 
 to come, they ftiall be welcome ; and alihouj^h the 
 chief captain of the Hollanders doth folicit us not to 
 hold any friendfliip with your nation, or give ear to 
 your highnefs's letters; yet, for all their ftlit, il vou 
 pleate to fend here again, you fliall be welcome. And 
 in tokcnof our friendfliip', (and that) which we di lire 
 of your majefty, we have fent you a fmall prcftnt, a 
 bahar of cloves, our country being poor, and yield- 
 ing no other commodity, which we pray your high- 
 ncls to receive in good part. 
 
 TERNATE." 
 
 1. The King of TyJorc's Letter to the King of 
 England. 
 
 " THIS writing of the king cf Tydore to the 
 king of England, is to let yiur highnels undeiftand, 
 that the king of Holland hath fent into thefe parts, a 
 fleet ol ftiips, to join with our ancient enemy the 
 king of Ternatc, and they jointly together, have 
 over-run and f'poiled part of our country, and deter- 
 mined to deftroy both us and our fubjeds. Now 
 underftanding by the bearer hereof. Captain Henry 
 Middleton, that your highncfs is in friendfliip with 
 the king of Spain, we dcfire your majefty that you 
 would take pity on us, that wc may not be deftroycd 
 by the kings of Holland and TernStc ; to whom we 
 have offered no wrong, although by forcible means, 
 tlKv ft ek to deprive us of our kingdom. And as great 
 kings upon earth are ordained by Ciod to fuccour all 
 thole wiio are wrongfully opprelfed ; fo 1 iipply unto 
 your majelly for afliftance againft my enemies ; not 
 doubting but to find relief at your majefty's hands : 
 and in cafe your majefty do fend hither, I humbly 
 intreat it may be Ci^itain Henry Middleton, or his 
 brother, with whom I am well acquainted. God 
 eiilar'»e your kingdoms, and blefs you and your coun- 
 cils. I'YDURE." 
 
 3. The King of Bantam's Letter to the King of 
 England. 
 
 " A LETTER given by your friend, the king 
 of Bantam, to the king of England, Scotland, 
 E .tnce, and Ireland, defiring God to prefervc your 
 healtli, and to exalt you more ami more, and 
 all your council, and whereas your majefty has 
 fent a general, Henry Middlr ton, he came to me in 
 health, I did hear that your r.iajefty was come to the 
 crown of England, which doth greatly rejoice my 
 heart : now England and Bantam are both one. J 
 have alfo received a prefent from your majefty ; the 
 which I give you manv thanks for. I do fend your 
 majefty two bezoar ftoncs, the one weighinn; fourteen 
 matles, the other three j and God have you in his 
 keeping. BANTAM." 
 
 And after receiving thefc letters, the fliipsdepa.ted 
 for England. 
 
 THE VOYAGE of SIR EDWARD MICHELBURNE to 
 
 BANTAM. 
 
 THIS voyage was perforincd with two (hips, 
 the Tvgcr, of 240 tons, and a pinnace called 
 the Tyger's'Whelp ; Sir Edward Miehelburne com- 
 manding the expedition. But though he belonged 
 to the Eaft India company, he did not undertake the 
 voyage on their account as we are informed in the 
 relation. 
 
 On the 5th of Deceml)er, 1604, fetting fail from 
 Cowes in the lllc of Wight, they came on the 13d, 
 to the R.o.id of Aratana, in tl.c Iflc of Tencriftc ; and 
 
 on the 14th of January, 1605, thry were troubled 
 with extreme heat, lightning, thunder and rain, all 
 night. They paftcd the line on the i6th, fliaping 
 their courfe fonth-fouth-wcft, for the Ille Loronnah, 
 with the wind at lbuth-(outh-eaft. Three degrees 
 foiithward of the line, thry found ama/ing ftinals 
 of fifli, and with their hooks, lines, and liaipini- 
 irons, took fo many dolphins, bonitos and otlii r Inii, 
 that the men could not tell what to do with tlicni. 
 They alio met with large (lights of (owl, though in 
 
 the 
 
TO GUINEA AND THE EAST I N D 1 1. S. 
 
 :?5S 
 
 ilcd 
 all 
 iiig 
 
 III- 
 ifll, 
 cni. 
 Ii III 
 tlic 
 
 the mnin ocean, called peflioraboucs, and alcjtraz7.cs. 
 They caught f'ever.il of the lonnLT, which like to 
 repair to the (hips in the night, and will light upon a 
 perfon's hand. 'I'lic alcatraz/.c is a kind ot' hawk, 
 that lives by filhing, and preys on the flying-hfli, 
 which fomctimcs are fcen in fuch nui/lbcrs together, 
 that afar off they fcem like a j-reat flock of birds. 
 
 On the 22d, they anchored at the iflc of Loronnhn, 
 in four degrees fouih ; where going on (hore, their 
 flcift" was overfet, by the violent breakini;; of the lea ; 
 by which accident, Mr. Richard Micliulburnc, a 
 relation of the admiral's, was drowned. On the 
 25lh, their long-boat going to fill fome empty cafk';, 
 had the fame misfortune, and two more of the men 
 were drowned. It was very troublefome to get wood 
 and water here ; bccaufe thi- landin;; was (o d.iiigerous, 
 that they were forced to pull the calks on fiinre with 
 ropes, and fo back again when filled. Ihe com- 
 mander going on (hore to fue the irtand, on the aOtli, 
 found nothing but a wild country, inhabited only 
 by fix negros. It was formerly well lUickcd with 
 goats anuwild oxen -, but they have been dtftroycd 
 by the crows of the I'ortuguefe veflVIs, which waier 
 here, in their way to the Kaft Indies ; their fl.ives be- 
 ing left to kill and dry goats agaiiilt their coming: 
 fo that the Enghlh couhl find' but few. Tu'ile 
 doves, alcatrazzes, and other fowl, were plenty, 
 which they killed with their mufquets, and found to 
 be very good meat. Here is alfo abundance of 
 maiz, or Guinea wheat, and cotton-trees, with wild 
 gourds, and water-melons. 
 
 On the 13th, in the morning, they defcricd the 
 ifland, or rather rock, called Arcenli'iii, in eight 
 degrees thirty minutes fouth : aiidoiithe iltof Apiil, 
 law land, bearing fouth-fouth-eaft, though tluy 
 reckoned they were forty leagues diftant ; yet, ac- 
 cording to the variation of the conipafs, they were near 
 the land, thirty leagues before they faw it. On the 
 2d, they were almoit clofc to the fhore, ten or twelve 
 leagues to the northward of the bay of Saldanna; 
 and on the 3d, came to a little illaiid, which Captain 
 Davis took to be that lying five or fix Icigues from 
 Saldanna, On this the commander, defirous to 
 fee it, went thither in his fkiff, accompanied with 
 no more than the mailer's mate, the pu-^fur, the 
 author, and four men who rowed ; but wliile they 
 were on (hore, a ftorni arofe, which drove the fliip out 
 of fight for two days. Finding abundance of rabbits 
 and leals there, th''\ called it Coney Idaiid. 
 
 On the 8th, they anchored in the road of Sal- 
 danna, and went on Ihorc the next day. This 
 S»lJ.inna ilc- country is well (lored with neceflarics, it abounds 
 "' *■'■ with oxen anu Ihcep (which arc kept in great herd.« 
 
 and flocks, as in England) wild doer, antelopes, 
 baboons, foxes, and hares ; alfo with oftriches, 
 cranes, pelicans, herons, geefe, ducks, pheafants, 
 patridges, and divers other forts of excellent foAls. 
 It is moft plcafantly watered with wholefome fjjrings, 
 which defcending fryin the tops of very high 
 mounlainf, render the valley* very fruitful. Here is 
 a kind of tree, not much unlike the bay ; but of a 
 far harder fubllance, that grows clofc by the fea-fidc. 
 The natives brought them lo much cattle, that they 
 carried frefli beef and mutton to fea with them lor 
 a piece of an old iron hoop, not v.'orth two pence, 
 they bCLght a great fat bullock, and a flieep for two 
 or three horfe-nails, or a bit of iron. The people 
 who inhabit this fine country, are fome of the moft 
 favagc and bealily in the world. They go naked, 
 wearing only a flieep-lkin on their Ihoulders, and a 
 little fl.ip of (kin, which does not cover their naked- 
 ncfs. While the (hips continued here, they lived 
 upon the guts of the cattle, which the failors 
 threw away J but they drelTd them without clean- 
 ing or walhing them o( the filth j all they did was to 
 cover them over with hot aflu';, and before they were 
 warm through, they pulled them out, and after 
 (baking them a little in their hands, eat the ^uts, 
 excrements and allies, all together. "I'hey livcgene- 
 rally upon t»\y flclh, and a certain kind of root, which 
 
 is very plenty here. lly the good rcfuf^n.ei't !i,-i iCc^ 
 
 they found on (hore (wluri. tluy continued fiom t!-.'. ' ,■— ' 
 
 gill of April, to the 3d of M;iy} the failure, v.l-.o 
 had been weakened by the \oy.i;.;c, bet.ime as ht.ciM.y 
 and rtrong, as when they firlt put to fea. On the 
 7tli of May, they were ten leagues li.uth of the C.ipj 
 of O)od Hope; and in the iii;;ht pili'.J over il.c 
 (hoals of C.npe ties Agu;ll.if. On llie oth, tlv.io 
 aroll- a violent (form, which I.ilK-d forty-eight hoiir>., 
 and feparatcd their piiuu'ii, ai conipaiiicd w iili r:iin, 
 lightning, i'nJ ibuiuhr, and olu-ii filin!^ the lli'p 
 with water. The l'ortii;:u'.fe c.illed th.i |d,.CL', tlie 
 Lion of the Sea, on accuunt of the extnnie fury of 
 thefe temped?, and the danger in iliuibliiis; the t ape. 
 On the 24th, being about ei^lit leagu 5 lu the fnith 
 of the Ifle de Diigo R;ii:', ul'.nli lies in r.in.tccin 
 degrees forty minutes fnuth l.itiiii.l ■, and niiuiy-eij'ht 
 degrees thirty minutes longituik- ;' tlr y |!i-p' f d 
 putting in there; but the wind iiicri.:ifiiig in tlu iii.:^', 
 they elianged their dilign. About this illand, tlicy 
 faw a great many while birds, having in their tails 
 only two long feather'. 'I'hefe birds, and leveral 
 others, accompanied them, wiili fiieh loiitr.iry win.h, 
 and \iuleiit gulls, as 1 It; 11 l,ilil tluir f.iils, whilll llio 
 (hip b'lultiiig til am! a^;iiii, r.itii- r wer.t to the l-i w.nrd 
 than advanced, the wind hluwiiig (Irong atea(l-!':.uth- 
 eaft. On the 3d of Jiiii", (hiiniiiig their couile l^r 
 the Ifland dc Ceriie, they defv;ried the Ifle de Ui'-uo 
 Ruiz again, and made to it, di.fi^'ning to have waited 
 therefor a good wind : but finding it lo be a J,iii;;ei- 
 ous place, on aeeount of the rocks and (hoals that 
 li'j about it, they d.iift not come to alienor, but pur- 
 lued tlieir courfe for India. 
 
 On the 19th, iliev drew near the ifie of Diego 
 Ctr.iciofa, wliich Hands in k\■el^ dejrrecs thirty 
 minutes, fouth Iritinule, iiiid in 110 digiees 40 
 minutes longitude, bv eumpul.uion. This lecmed to 
 be a very pleafant illand, and of good refrelliment, if 
 there be any good anchoring place j but the wind 
 being bad, and the tide forcing thcin to (hiire, they 
 durft not Hay to fearch futficiently. '('his illand is 
 about ten or twelve kaE;ucs Ijiiu;, abounding with 
 birds and lilh, and is entirely covered v.iiha wood of 
 cocoa-trees. 
 
 CJn the 2gth, theydefcried land, which they took 
 to be a clulter of iflands, locked in one, King under 
 the high land of Sumatra. Hire the fea trokewith 
 fuch violence upon the (Imre, that they duril not 
 laud, though the people made iiies along thi" cualt, as 
 
 they thought to invite tlieni. Tlnd'e ill.iiids lie 
 
 in two degrees north latitude. On the 25tb, they 
 came to an .anchor, by a little illand full of cocoa- 
 trees, which had very few nuts upon them, (:)me 
 however they got, but could find no water. Three 
 or four people appeared at a ditlance, who feenied to 
 have been left there to gather cocoas, and make them 
 ready againft others (hould come and letch them. 
 On the 2bth, they calt anchor within a h :wue id' a 
 great inhabited ifland, called Hata, in twent; minutes 
 fouth. It abounds with wonds and rivers j alio 
 with fidi, monkeys, and a kind of to\l, ! id lobe 
 that country bat. The author killed i iie of th.m that 
 was larger than a hare, and (liaped like a fv|i;:iiel ; IlurgSiiulrttl 
 only from each fide there hung a large (lap of (k::', 
 which in leaping from tree to tree, he would fpuad 
 like a pair of wings, as if he flew with iluni. They 
 arc very nimble, and will often leap from boii!;li to 
 bough, taking hold of nothing but their fails. 
 Here they built their (hallop, and for that reitfon they 
 called her the bat. On the 29th, tiie anther walk- 
 ing along the (hore, dileovcied a fiil under a little 
 ifland, about four leagues diHance, which he v^•as in 
 hopes was the pinnace, mcntitned before, to have 
 been feparatcd in a (lorm j but being ftnt next day by 
 the commander, along with Captain Davis, to fe-e 
 if it was fo, they found "hiei barl<s at anchor, whofe 
 men made figns to come ; > board, and t-, allure them, 
 faid they haef hens ; fome of them undeiftood I'oitu- 
 gucfc : but the Engli(h not being well provid. d, 
 anfwcred, that they would go and fetch money, 
 
 and 
 
35(> 
 
 VOYAGES OF THE ENGLISH 
 
 I ()o6 
 
 aiiJ next moriiiiig return iiiiJ buy. Ai.c()rdingly 
 ihc iRxt ni'irning they JiJ return, better i|u;iliKcil to 
 t.ilk totliL'ui i but the others h.iil nut thought lit to 
 w.iit for thcni. 
 
 On the 4th of Auguft thi-y ftood for Priamnn ; and 
 en the f)lh tlic fliallop was niauncd, and lent along the 
 co.ill to lock for the pinnace ; and ili'vin^; abaik,gaee 
 Ikt cli.ice i but when the crew percuvLj they euuUl 
 ntd get away, they came to an anchor, and in a boat 
 dcaped to an ifland. As the vcflll was laden cnly 
 with coc'i.ij, oil, nuts, and the like, they loll 
 her, iiuagmiii^, the couimandcr would not have 
 been ple.ileil with io poor a prize. The loth and 
 1 Ith, the Ihall iji ll.iiiding dole along the main land, 
 they elpied eiglu praws, ready over-aj;ainil a place 
 called I'ico, wi'ii.. iliey made up to, in expectation 
 o{ fiudiiiij their pinnate .inK)n;'lt thiui ; but although 
 ihe was nut there, they were in fome hopes Hill, on 
 being inl'ormid, ii;at ihi.re was ail Kn^lilli Ihlp, at 
 1'riani.in, not „l.ove fix leagues oft'. XVith this in- 
 telligence they luilled on boaul the admiral, and ac- 
 quainted him th.it tiiey h-id not (ailed a league I'arthcr 
 before their (hip came on ground, on a rock of white 
 coral, but having a Itrong gale, tliey i" i> d her of}' 
 again, wiihout .iiiy hurt, and iliawiiig near . rock off 
 Priaman, t.lev tlilcovered their pimince, whole cap- 
 tain and niafler met them half a league Irom the ro.id 
 in their ik\lY. At their coming on board tl.e com- 
 mander welcomed them, with a peal of his great 
 guns, and luiving given each other an account of what 
 liad h:»p;H'neu, dui ing their abl'i.ncc, lliy c:imc loan 
 t'.nchor in live fathom water, very go,>J g;\,iinJ, in the 
 road of Priainan, \\liich (lands in 4^ minutes fouth 
 latitude. 
 
 On the i+ih the commander f>.nt the author on 
 fliore, with a prefent to the govi.inor, and others, 
 to fee what price pepper was at, to buy (re(h vic- 
 tuals, and to know whether th.ir men might land 
 with falety i but tlie governor duill not fpeak to him 
 pii\aiely, by rcal'on of the war then carried on, wliieh 
 niaJe tlieni jealous one of the otlicr. 'I he oecifion of 
 thcfc wars was this : 'I'lie king of Achin liaiiiig two 
 fon':, kept the elder at lion 
 
 Sc.cial vdTLls 
 li^en. 
 
 Silii..J[ road. 
 
 riiuJi 
 
 Jiiteiiding luni lor hi,-, 
 fuccill'or, ar.d made the veunger king of I'edir, but 
 the former being difTaiisticd at thi^, impril'oned hi> 
 father, alledgiiiJ, that be was too eld to guvern any 
 longer, and made war on his younger brother. The 
 llnglilh linding little gocd v\.'.s to be done in this 
 place, took in I'redi victuals, and di p.irted on the lift 
 for Bantam. 'J'he f.uiie day they look two prawj, 
 with only a liitle lice, which they ijuitted again ; 
 the fiilors (Viiiig fome leap o\er-bc .rd, and imagin- 
 ing they had ail done the fame, the firll two men that 
 cnteiid were very much wounded by two Indl.'ns, 
 who lay huiden behind their fails, and then leaped 
 o\cr-boaid, fwimmiiig fwiftly awa\ . The next day 
 they took a fifliing-boat ami let it go alfo, without 
 doing it any hurt, only in the att^.tk, < ne of the 
 b.-atmenwas fliot through the ihigl;. On the 25th tliey 
 difcovered a f'.iil, and (tnt th.ir (h:.!lop, long-boat, 
 and (kil!", to fee what (he w.. . As Ihc would not 
 flrike to ill ni, they attacked I.er, the light continu- 
 ing (lom three o'clock in the afternoon, till ten 
 at ni^;ht, wh.n their pinnace eoniiin; up, (he yielded. 
 She was a bark of about 40 tons, bound fur I'riaman, 
 and loaded with (alt, rice, and China ware; they 
 towed hi r along with them all night; but in the 
 morning the comniander finding they «ere of Ban- 
 tam, wlieiethe KnglKh merchants h.;d then a factory, 
 he let iheni go, n-Jt fuft'erliig any thing to be taken 
 Ironi tiurii. On the lid of Sqitendxr they met with 
 a (mail lliip of (iu/.arat or C;.mbaya, being about 
 V.o tons, which tiiey took an,l carried into the road 
 of hilhuP.:', in four di-.-rces fouth, into which roail 
 inanv praws conlinuall) conie to relufh thcmlehes ; 
 for there IS good walti, wood, riec, bulFaloes, fledi, 
 P' atf, heiij, plants, and f.efli Hfh ; but all very dear, 
 i he iJith th'V deparlcM lor li.^iuam, and the 2 jd of 
 io,iil. OclolvT c ii!ie to an anchor in thi n':.d of Marrah, in 
 the ihei:htof sur.d,!. M.fc they t(.ok in frefli \va- 
 0" 
 
 ter, " Here, fays the author, is plcnly t-f buA'alncSj 
 goat?, cocks, hens, ducks, and other good pro\ Kions, 
 in exchange for which the natives chiile to take cali- . 
 cocs, piiitiadocs, and fuch like ftuft', rather than 
 money, and if well ufcd, will ufc you well ; but you 
 muft watch them j for they think every thing well 
 got th.tt they can fteal from a ftranger. On the iXth 
 they let fail, and arrived within three leagcs of Ban- Unntain. 
 taiii, which (lands in fix degrees 40 minutes Ibuth, 
 where they anchored. The Englifli fleet, which they 
 thought to have met with, was gone for England 
 three weeks before; but th'- f-clors came on board, 
 and w,is very gl,id to fee them, and gave the com- 
 mander an account how grofsly the Dutch, who 
 were then in the road, had abulcd them to the king 
 of Bantam, reprefenting them as thieves and repro- 
 bates, who came only to plunder them by artifice or 
 violence, if they found an opportunity. They added 
 however, the Dutch were lb much afraid of them, 
 that they durll not come into the road, but kept two 
 or three leagues off. The commander moved with 
 this report, weighed anchor, and fent the Dutch 
 word, that he would come and ride clofe by their 
 fides, giving them to undeifland, at the fame time, 
 that if they offered fo much as to point a gun at him, 
 or the leaft infult whatever, he would cither fink them 
 or fink by their fides. There were of thefe five (hips, 
 one of 7 or 800 tons, the reft of a far fmaller burden. 
 But of this meff.ige, (notwithftanding they came and 
 anchored clofe by them) they never had any anfwer : 
 on the contrary, whereas the Hollanders vvtrc ufcd to 
 fwagger, and keep great (lir on ftiore, before the com- 
 mander's arrival, they were fo quiet after, that fearecly 
 one of then were fcen on land. The 2d of Novem- 
 ber they took leave of their countrymen, and ftood 
 on their courfc for Patanc. In their way, between the 
 Cherfunefus of .Malacca, and IVdia Branca, they met 
 with three praws, which, for fear, ran in near the 
 ihurc, wherefore the commander inannd his ftial- 
 I'lp with 18 men, and fent to requcll them, that for 
 his money he might have a pilot to carry his (hip to 
 Poll) Tiniaon, five days fail from thence. But they 
 I'Leing the (hip and pinnace at anchor, about a mile 
 oiF, not able to come nearer, bluntly refufcd ; where- 
 upon the (hallop attacked them, and in Icfs than half 
 an hour took one of them ; but the men, who were 
 7 J in all, got on fhore. Another, after having fought 
 all night, yielded about day-break; flic was l.ideu 
 with benjamin, (lorax, pepper, China ware, and 
 pitch, 'I'he 3d praw got a.vav, while the other wa.s 
 fighting. The commander, who came up in his 
 (kiff, a little before Ihe (truck, would not fuffer any 
 thing to be taken out of her, but two of the men for 
 pilots, and then dil'miflcd the reft, betaufe they were 
 of Java, Thefe Javans are refolute in danger ; their 
 chief v\ capons are javelins, darts, daggers, and a kind 
 of poifoned arrows, which they flioot from trunks : 
 thiy are not expert in ufine them : inoft of them arc 
 .Vlaliomctans. Thefe had been at Palimbam, and 
 were going home. On the 26th, they ("aw cer- 
 tain iflands bearing o(F them north- weft, whicli nti- 
 ilier they nor their new pilots knew; and the wind 
 preying contrary, thc-y put into them for wood and 
 w.itir. Next day they anchored within a mile of the 
 fliore, in 16 f.cthoms, good ground, on the ("outh 
 fi.!e of tlie in,ind>. Here, fending out their boats, 
 they foun.l lome of tlum to be funken iflands, and 
 notiiing above the water but the trees, or 'f"t'' SuuUr. 
 of them,—- All is a wildcriKls of v/oods, and a 
 moll uneon.fortable place, having neither fruit, fowl, 
 nor any kind of be; (t for viftualling. Thole idands 
 they took to be the fame as the Broken Iflands, lying 
 foutheaft tiom the ifle of Bantam, However, in 
 one of them thry met with a pretty good watering 
 place. 
 
 On the 2d of December, they weighed anehor and 
 ftood for Patanc, as near as the winds would pi rmit ; 
 for in thefe months, they found them to be veiy con- 
 trary, keeping dill at north-north-weft, or north eaft. 
 On the i2ih, they obdrved a fail near Pulo Laor, and 
 
 fending 
 
 Jjpantfo 
 »junk. 
 
 M,: 
 
 cr il, 
 
 Hit.is 
 
TO GUINEA AND Till: EAST I N D I E .^, 
 
 35< 
 
 \nH 
 
 > • 
 
 arc 
 an I 
 
 tho 
 ath 
 
 fol^ Sa 
 a 
 
 '1, 
 inds 
 
 , la 
 lin- 
 
 lit i 
 •on- 
 caiK 
 aiul 
 Jiiiil 
 
 I't.cr. ifljcis 
 
 fending tluir pinnncc al'ttr, the m-nrcfl ftaycJ luliinil 
 to have met wilh the iithci tuo, hut in the ni;.',ht h)ll 
 them. Next niDrnint; they dcCciied the pinnace and 
 Ihallop, ahout Tour lta;;iics to the leeward, wilh the 
 other fhip, w'liih tliey had taken; and feeinp, that 
 they were not aMe to j')in them, the wind and current 
 bti:ij rontr,.ry, went to them, they found her a 
 junk ot" I'anhangc, ot' about lOO tons, ladui with 
 ficc, pepper •iiid tin, !;oiiij; to IJantam. The com- 
 mandei ilii'rcijarding tuch mean luggage, toolc only 
 as much rice as ferved for his provilion, and two lit- 
 tle braf:i gi.ns, which they paid for to their content ; 
 he alfo l<cpt one man for a pilot, wh", leeiug him 
 ufe them lb well was willing- to g<i. 'I'hc other two 
 pilots, which they toot bcfoic out of the prawf, be- 
 ing very unfkilful, he fent back in the pink, after 
 rewarding them f.;r the time they had been with him. 
 
 CJn the 13th failing towards Pulo Tim;.,.n, which 
 borders on tlie country of H:nhange, they were trou- 
 bled much with contrary winds and eurients, tor the 
 fea from the beginning of November to the beginning 
 of April tuns continually fouthward, and from April 
 to Mevenibir back again to the ncrthwr.r I. 'I'he 
 wind alfo in the full live months is moft commonly 
 northerly j and in the otlur fevcn foutherly. All 
 the iliips of China, I'atane, Jor, I'anhange, and 
 fome other places, to the nortluv.iid, come to Ban- 
 tam, in the northerly monfoon, and return again 
 during the foutlierly one. By obl'erving thefe fca- 
 fons, Ihips \\'ill be fure to have wind and tide with 
 them. Here ihey found Inch violent contrary winds 
 and curr. 1 that they could advance but a league 
 in tluec weeks. — I'anhange, is a vei . plentiful coun- 
 try, and full of people of faihion. There is alfo flore 
 <>( lliippiii!.', and vieiuals are very cheap. It lies 
 bitw.i ;i Jor and I'antane', and leacneth along the 
 toalt to cape Tingcron ; whicli is a very high point, 
 ;:nd ihe fi il land that the laracks of Macao, the junk^ 
 cf China, or praws of Canibaya, do make, when 
 bound fur Malacca, Java, Sumatra, Junibe, Jor, 
 
 (jieecc, or any other part to tho (biithward. 
 
 Here, in their way to Fatane, about tlie 17th they 
 met with a junk full of Japans, who had been 
 pirating along the roait of China and Cambaya. 
 larjncf; nijct 'h^'''' pilot lKin|;dea<l, and not knowing how to go- 
 a iuiik. vern their ihip in IV.ul weather, fhe was call away on 
 
 the (hoals el t!ie gu.'ct il'.ind lioriRo, wliere they 
 iluiil not in 011 fliore : lor the J.ip.'.n.. being feared as 
 a b.)ld de!pe;ite people, are not fullered to land in 
 rnv part of India,, with weapons. Taking their 
 {li:'llops, after the lofs of thiii (liip, they met with 
 tliisjunk, which belonged to Paiaiie, of about fevcnty 
 Mviolir i!ic tons, laden with rice, and liavini; killed all the pco- 
 cicir. pie, favc an old pilot, and fiirniflicd it with I'uch nc- 
 
 celTarics and .-.nn-. as they faved out of their funken 
 fliip, iliapul their courle for Japan: but thi' badncfs 
 oi the iuiik, contrary wind>, and (jnlcafon..ldene!s of 
 tiie vear, forciii'.'; them 'o Kewardu^s the caufe of their 
 falling in the wav of the Knglitj^ 'I'luv were ninety 
 men in all, a number too gri;«^ for lo fmall a vcH'cl ; 
 and mod of them in too j;allant a habit for failors ; 
 hel'ides there was I'ueh an c(,ualiiv of behaviour among 
 them, that thee fecnu d to be upon a level : for though 
 one among them was calh-d captain, they (licucd him 
 but little refpc.:f. Their lading was only rice j and, 
 fur tho moll p.'Tt fp.iiled with wet ; for their fliip 
 was leaky b.ith undei and above water. 'I'he Englifh 
 ridin.^ at anchor under a fniall ifland, near that of 
 Bantam, lor two d.ivs treated them kindly; with a 
 view to have learned the place and pad'age of certain 
 ibips, on the coitl of China, in order to have made 
 their voyage. But thefe men being hopelefs, in 
 lh.".t iiink, tvct to return to their own country, 
 refolved with thcmOlves either to gain the Ihip or 
 I'.f-- their lives. A- there was a friendly intcrcourle 
 h-.tVi-:eii the twei \ ll'eN, with prefcnts and fealfing : 
 (onietinu's tv/cni\ -fue or twenty. Gx of the principal 
 men would c Mil. i.n board the Kiu'lifh Ihip, tho' not 
 above lix w; re luli" rii to have weap'-.ns. — The com- 
 modore inteiidin ^ to h.'.vc the rice Karched in the junk, 
 Vol.. I. No. ■!. 
 
 iCz. 
 
 orelered Captain Davi^ in the morning lo pofl'efs him- 
 lelf of their weapon', and put the eomp.iny before >— 
 the maft ; for fear, in cale any thing valualile was 
 found, they miglit let upon the Knglilh and kill 
 them ; but Davis being deceived by their difl.nibling 
 carriaLO, would not leize iin their weapons, though 
 he was orelered twice to do it. At fiin-li;!, alter long 
 fearch, and nothing lemnd, lave a little Iforax and 
 benjamin, the Japanele-, il.ein'j; a i.iir opportunity, .j..^^, t 
 at a watch vvoid agreeel im between tiieni, reli,lutely ^fg [,'^j^ 
 fell upon the Englilh in both Ihips at once. Tlicy 
 fuddeiily killeil and drove oveiboard all the Engllln 
 that '.veie in their junk ; and thofc who were on boaid 
 the lhi|) fallied out of the commander's cabin, wliori 
 thty were put, with fucli weapons as tlicy had, or 
 couKI find llure. Sir Ed'.v.".rd being on deck, leaped 
 into the walle ; where, with the boati'vvain, carpen- 
 ter, and Ibme (cw more, he kept the enemy under the 
 half deck. 
 
 The fiift they happened to meet with w".s captain c,,,j|n 
 Davis coming out of the gun-room, whom theyilain, 
 pulled into the cabin; and giving him fix or feven 
 
 wounds, thrult him out again before them 
 
 He died as foon as he came into the wafte, into which 
 thty prclll'd moft furioully to reach them with their 
 fvvords. It w.is near half an heiur before they could 
 be driven back into the cabin, four or live of their 
 leaelers being flain ; and lour more before they were 
 fubdued. They often fired the cabin, by hurtling the 
 bedding and fomc combultiblcs ; and would have burnt 
 the Ihip, if they had not been prevented, by beating 
 down the bulk-head and panij), with two dcmi- 
 cuKerins from under the haif-djck. 'i'licfe guns be- 
 ing diargtd with crols-hars, bullet?, and cafe-Ihot, 
 and bent dole to the bulk-head, fei hurt them with 
 boards and Iplinters, that there .vasbute)ac left out 
 of twcnty-or.e, it was furpriling to fee how niifcrably 
 their legs, arms, and bodies were torn ; they were 
 lb eltlpcrate, they never once called for quarter : only 
 one le.ipcd ovei-boaid, who aitervvaids I'vvam back to 
 the Ihip, and begged meicy ; being alked what was 
 their delign .' He replied, it was to take the ftiip, and 
 cut the throats of all that wiie in her. He would 
 fay no more, but at lalt aiked to be cut in pieces. 
 The next ilay, being tlic aSth, when they were about 
 live miles fioin land, the command, r ordered the Ja- , 
 pancle to be handed ; but he broke the rope, and fell 
 into the lea ; whelhtr he I'wam to l.iiul or not was 
 unkuoun. They took their rourfc to a little ifland 
 to the leeward, where they anchored the ^Otli, llaying 
 three days tn mend their boat, and take in weed and 
 water ; in this ifland they found a Ihip of Patanc, 
 whole captain being alked, whether the Ihips ot 
 China were come to I'atane ? He told them they were 
 not, but would be there within a few days, for this 
 rcafon they took him for their pilot, and purpofed to 
 wait therefor ihe Chinele Ihips. 
 
 On the i2th of January ifao6, one of the mites, 
 trom the top-maft, deferied two Ihips, which came 
 towards them ; the Englilh likevvil'e advance !, and 
 coming up with the largell in the nignt, alter i Ihort 
 Hght, boarded, and brought them to an anchor. 
 Next day tlie Englilh having taken i'emic of their filks, 
 both wrought aiui raw, paid for them more than they 
 were worth ; after w hith thev let them depart on the 
 15th, without touching tliei fiKer, though thev had 
 above fifty tons on board. Tiiis was done out of kind- 
 nefs, but hecaule they h.ad hopes of meeting with 
 the other Chinefe fliips, which they lay in wait 
 for, Iliaping their conrle back again, but the wind 
 proving quite contrary, they could not proceed ; 
 ami lo were forced on the 22d to put into two 
 fniall idands to leeward, called by the Javans, Pulo 
 
 Sumatra. On the 24th a great llorm arifing, their 
 
 cable breike. The 2d of I'ebriiarv five Holland Ihips 
 failing homeward put into the fame road. Captain 
 Warwick, who was their general, having invited Sir 
 Eilward to dine with him, told bini that the Englilli 
 merchants n Bantam, were in great danger every 
 hour of being .ill'aultcd by the king of Java, on ac- 
 4 iii count 
 
 D,iv:; 
 
 I^ 
 
3S8 
 
 i6c'7 
 
 VOYAGES Of 
 
 count of tlic Chiiu-fe fliip which he had tukcn, where- 
 in ...t iiKuuieli h,iJ lu.t his ciiftom ; and ihcrifor;: 
 rcqi.icltcd iiiiii 10 ^'.) no f:uthi.'r, but Liil liomi with 
 hull; Sir LcKvarl an x red, that he had not us yet 
 n.adj nis \.'y.ij;i', and thi'iittiic Wiiiild not return. 
 But weighing il.o call; a little better, after the tle- 
 puiu-tot the IloUandrrs, (which was on the -yi of 
 l-chruary) ami cor.iidcring that he had but t'.vo 
 an, nor-., and two cables left to truit to, he ih.iuiilit 
 l)niper to r.pnir his (hips, and return home with i.u 
 poor advantage he had made. Accordingly he let fail 
 
 , -,.-, . - .„,. 
 
 ' ^-^v - - -j 
 
 lary j and tfie 
 d i'.^ht of till 
 
 
 ly c.i'iK to St. 
 .1 11 liiliinint^ 
 wild lio^^s, the 
 'h.'ie .ire pifn 
 
 
 » and Ci.iinca- 
 
 
 THE \'OYA(JE OF CAPTAIN WILLIAM KEELING, 
 TO BANTAM AND BAND A. 
 
 I 
 
 N thii voyage were cmplovetl three (hip?, with 
 ■^10 nivn j the lJra:;on, a<!iniral. Captain Keel- 
 
 ; chief comnii'.nJer or i'/iicral ; the H..'.;h>r, vicc- 
 adniii.d, William HawkiiK, captain, and the 
 CVnlini, David Ali-idletoii, captain. 
 
 On tlie id of April, 1607, the Dragon and 
 Hector Wire fallen as low a> th.' Down< ; alter their 
 dcp.irture from thence, thev met with feveral dilalk-rs. 
 'I'licy ;iafied the line in the beginnin!; of June ; when 
 being come into four or live iK'tjrccs of Couth I ititude, 
 they were forccil by pull'-, calms, rain, fieknels, 
 and other marine ineonvcnicncies, to return north- 
 ward. 15ut miffing the illc of Fernando lie L'>ronnha, 
 to their great furprife. On the 30th ot Julv, the 
 commander confulted with I'averner, the mailer, who 
 w.is of opinion that tlicy rtiould be obliged to return 
 for Er.;land. His company beginniii;; to be niutli 
 dil'eafcil, and being unable to re:ich Fernando 
 tie Loronnha ; (water Uing their grcatcit «.-,iU, and .1 
 vatering pl.ice to near) he called a council, and, 
 alter dinner, propound.d what wasfittell to be done. 
 It was generally agreed, that thcv ought not to Ihind 
 to the fouth any longer. 'I"h y theiclme ftood for 
 Sierra F^eona. On the 4th of AugulJ, in the morn- 
 ing, they law many flower?, a fign of land ; and in 
 the ''vning had ground from twentv-eight to lixteen 
 fathom?, ouzy> but no fight of flioit. Having lent 
 out the Ikitf, to ride at a fmall dillancc from the fliip, 
 in order to examine the fet of the curicnl, bv the 
 log line, Ihc found it let fouth-calt-by-eaff, two 
 milci a watch ; although Ihe rid wind road. 'I'hey 
 fleered all this morning, call, ami ealf-by-fouth, 
 and had from thirty to twenty, and ten fathoms water, 
 but no fmht of land, and the grcatell depth was 
 oo/,y ; the Icall a yellow, fandy ground. ,\b'>ut 
 nine, they efpied land, being a round fpot, modtratilv 
 high, bearing north-ta(f, about eight leagues diftant. 
 'I'ii.y were at noon in the latitude ot feveii degrees 
 filiy-lix minutes, and fteercd all day caft ; fomotimcs 
 <iiie point northerly or loullr'riv, as their wnur 
 deepened or (hoiled ; for they had often times above 
 ten fathoms, and at the next call under feyen fathom?, 
 in pitty ground ; and when they found (hoal water, 
 upon bearing up northerly, they inllantly deepened ; 
 a llgii that they bordered upon thefhoals of S\. Anne, 
 'lire author allows, fincc the preceding elay at noon, 
 fourteen leagues eaft, and five leagues welf, wind at 
 fouth and fouth-by-wcft, r.nd fouth-by-eall. In the 
 afternoon, they had ten, eleven and twelve fathom: 
 v/Jtcr. Iiie. lirft land proved 11a Verde, being a 
 very round land, and niiik lor ihofc bound frr the 
 place, from the foulhwa'd. About levcn in the 
 ey>:iiing, they anchored in twenty fathoms water, 
 hard land, having ftecr el /ix leagues err more, to the 
 iiorih-ealf, and north-r.orth-eall. About fix llie next 
 ino.'ning, t:^;y made iiii! ^ot the road i and had iiu lei's 
 
 than fixtccn, fifteen, fen and nine fathoms, till they 
 were ntrrth and fouth with, and half a mile from the 
 rock, (which lies abirut one mile and a half off the 
 Cape, and one mile f: cm the nearell iliore). 'i hey 
 had leveii fathoms very good ftio; Jing, between them 
 and the rock ; and loon after thrv had palled if, they 
 had twenty fathoms water, and ihoaled to eighteen, 
 lixteen, twelve and ten fathom?, all the w.ry m the 
 road, bordering very near the foutli ihorc ; tor there 
 is fand lying off the north Ihore about two miles or a 
 league, from the louth Ihore, wheieon 'he le-a 
 breakcth. They roeic in ten fiihoms, good ground, 
 the piilnt of sierra I.eona bearinu well-by-north, 
 
 and the fanel-bank nortb-north-ealf. This aftcr- 
 
 neron, perceiving n.cn, \\ ho beckoned them on ftiore, 
 the commander lent his boat, which leaving tAo 
 holfagcs, brought four negro?, whopromiled refrefti- 
 ing. The (k\it founding between the Dragrn ami 
 be.ieh, foiuid l.iir ihoaling, and two fallieuns water, 
 within two boa'.s length ed it. On the yih, there 
 came on board with the boat, negros of better ap- 
 pearance, having one Englifliman in lioftag:- ; lor two 
 of them having made ligns that the conimairlcr 
 ftiould fend fonie of his mrn up into the country, and 
 ;hat they would remain as pledge?, he lent Ldwar.l 
 Uuckbury, and his fervant, WMliam Ce tterel, with 
 a prefent, viz. one coarfe Hurt, th le foot of a b.^.r 
 e'firon, a few glufs beads and two knives. Tliey 
 returned towards night, and brought the cermmaneier, 
 from the laid c.iptain, oin; Imall ear-iiiig of geild at 
 about ci^ht or nine lhilliiif»s lleriing. Anil fecaule it 
 was late, the hollages would not goon rtiore, but lay 
 on board all night, without reeiiiiiing any fecuritv 
 lor them, the Ihip's boat being fent, leiehed live tons 
 ol trefii water, which is both very gejod, and ealV to 
 come bv. On the iith, tie coninii.ndir ueiit 
 f.fiiing towards fhore, where the people brought tlieir 
 women to fee them, but were alriid the lin, iilh 
 would carry them away. He gave them foine tiitles, 
 and bought a quantity of lemons, at the rate ( f ico 
 lor a penny knife : windateaft. On the izth, iie 
 went again, but took little tiih ; th-^ w iiul was from 
 north-Wed to louth, the weather rainy. N.xt d.^y it 
 laincd without intcrniliiion, and they got liih enough 
 foi a me.-.I ; the commam^cr bought an elephant's 
 tooth erf lixty-thrce pounds weight, lor live yards erf 
 liluc calico, and feven 01 eight pounels of iron-bar. 
 On the 14th, it rained all day. On ilv; i^'s he- 
 went and caught, within one hour and an h.ill', <joo 
 cavallas, a linall but good fifh. In the afternoun, 
 witli Captain Hawkins and a convenient guard, he 
 Went on fhoie to the villaie, where ihcy bought 
 i. or :;;oo lemon'. He reckoned it a t..ir d..y, when 
 tliey li id three hours dry over he.ad. 
 . On the iOth, John Rogers returned, and brought 
 j him a prc/eut of a pieccof ^'>ld, in form of an half. 
 

 TO GUINEA AMD THE EASt IN*^/ES. 
 
 moon, viliicc! at about f(\iii (hilling', ftirling. With 
 an acciiiiiit thnt the proplL' w re pcacijblc, the chict 
 without (late ; the hijiuing two Kjgiio up ; ..nil the 
 chief villa^^e eight miles Cicmi the lainliiij; phice. (Jii 
 the 22d, Ihiy wtiu on Ihoiv, «nere ilioy made i,x 
 or kveii baiji.os full of leiricn-vvati i j the tdin- 
 mai'.der opeiiiii^^ one of the cojnpaiiy's firi.iiis of knives 
 to buy liniis wiili. Oil ihe ;in of StptuTibu-, th^y 
 went all on (li nc, to ;le it thty c-uld kill an 
 tlcphant. They (hot feven it eight bulict. into > lie, 
 and made him bLed cxeeidinj;ly, as appeared hy iiis 
 track; but being near ni^l.i, ih' y were forced to 
 return on board, without irt'eciin;; th' ir (le(i^,n. 
 Although the cominander ofun piopofej to oblnve 
 the4atiiude of the load, both on hoard and oii Ihore, 
 yet his inltruments bciui; oui of orilci, he nev^ r did ; 
 but the mailer made it by his obfcrvation, ci;hi 
 Hegree-i, thirty fix minutes north ; the point ot Skira 
 Leona bearing nearell weft, three or four miles off. 
 He alfo found the variation to be one degree fifty 
 tninutes caftcrly. 
 
 On the 17th of December, about t*'o in the 
 afternoon, they fawtlic Table of Saldanna \try plain ; 
 and ftanding to make it till three, the ciniir.aiidcr 
 cauf'd th;' malfer to ftecr cafl-lbuth-eaft, r.iid foiith- 
 ea(t-liy-taft, to double the Cape. At that time ihe 
 whole company being Tick, defired to put in!" Sal- 
 danna, ih.-y (food for it, and about noon j^ot into the 
 road, anchoring in five and a half fathoms water ; 
 the w !. pont bearinp; weft-n.rth-wclf, the illand 
 north-norili-weft, and the Su^ar Loaf, fouih-we(f. 
 Tiic v.cft.riTioft Cipc-Iand, and Pciv;uin idand, 
 bear fouth-by-wc(t, Ccc. There was a land-bank 
 fouth of I he u;.in(', about a milediftaiit ; anu another 
 half a le;;. ue off lo the foiith-eaft. Between the 
 ifland ami fliore are leveii miles dilfant. The Sugar 
 Loat and tn:' ifle bear fi>uili-l>y-e:'lt, and nortli-by- 
 weft irom the weft puint of the b.iy, half a mile oft" 
 is a flat. Ti-.'. weftermoft foutli-laml, and point 
 of the Sugar Loaf, bearing fouth-fouth-weil, and 
 north-north-ealf. As foon as they anchored, the 
 coiiMiander went on (hore, finding the people very 
 Lfld, but dear. There he met with thi le words 
 i.^ravid upon a rock, viz. " The 24th of July, 
 1607, Captain David Middlcton, in the Conleiit." 
 On the 2lft, he landed again, an<J bought 102 llieep, 
 12 bullocks, and 2 calves, ofwliirlilu- allowed the 
 He6lor a ihare. This traffi^contiiiiied ieveral days, 
 in which time they bought fome cattle. At li'n-rile, 
 on the 2i(f of January, 1607, they fet fiil, and by 
 fix in the evening, were ten leagues weft-by-foiith 
 from the louth point of the bay. On the iqth, the 
 Dragon ihipped a great deal ot water at the In Im-port, 
 and at the hole in the gallery, about two hours after 
 midnight which wetted fome bales of cloth. Latitude 
 thirty-five degrees twenty-two minutes, the author 
 allows thiitcen leagues fouth-fouth-ealt, wind eaif- 
 north-caft, and north-eaft ; fix leagu-s drift fouth, 
 and three leagues north-e.ift, wind wefterly. 'J'he 
 too great quantity of goods, m.ide the ihip labour 
 exceedingly. On the i-th of February, they law 
 tiie land bearing eaft ab/Ut eight leagues from tlicm, 
 and as it was judg ''., in the latitudi , f twenty- 
 four degiecs twenty minutes. They ftood in till 
 after fix o'clock ; at that time, being within four 
 Icaiiies of th.- Ihore, they flatted, the Hector being 
 too n jar a-(lerii for then to ftay. 'I'hcn they t.iekcd, 
 they h.i.l no ground .it eight or nine fathoms, which 
 was no great wonder, for it was low finoolh land. 
 About noon, they w.'re aihwart of two fmaU iflaiuls, 
 L'cming to make a goinl ro.id j wherefore, not know- 
 ing their latitude, they ftood oft" till they could 
 obforvc, it being nigh noon. On the i8th, lati- 
 tude twenty-three degi;-: ■ thirty-feven minute--, 
 riierefore thev flood ii "\^in, I'uppofiiig this to be 
 th.- place tliey fought ; but coming near the Omre, 
 .iiul having lent both (kills a head, they fiund fix 
 fathoms water, for wh;ch reafon, they anchored in 
 fovcn and half randy ground, about one ii. the after- 
 nooi:, the two illaiids am: brcaclj bearing fouth-wcll- 
 
 crl) a mile from them. Thtr.' was nn ihlit a1'"U^ 
 :hi,( lijLMics Irorii ii-.civ., ejfl by iiorM, whi- ;. il..' 
 iii.ifter (Ujipokd 10 be .St /.u^'Kiint i and r'iv;nd'; ,; 
 U) fcaich tile l.ui-e j the Ciii.m inia 1 ca'iid .1 e nine.', 
 >W.erc it was iil.lveil 10 in.ik loii.i- ln,.i.l i'.iy at .'ir. 
 AuiuM :ie. Tnr variation iii this pl.^ce w . . 1 5 ce;'. 
 30 Miinutrs i ami by anoth' r ohl' rv itior., :lie I \:.i; 
 ii.ornii'!:,' i j d(.gi-'(s /6 in i^.:le^-, he v., oL'Ii;.'uio 
 obhrv ovei tin- l.ind h If a djgK-e nigh, uihefwih thi 
 variition would have rifiilitu foinc. ,iai nioie : oh 
 tliMe two ohieivaii. rs lie h.^l j'rc... dtp ik.uhi : it 
 
 rio ,ed t.ill. On ih- igM. in ,he n.oriiir j li.ey 
 
 Weighed, and one cf then anthi rs being I uUy, it 
 bf..ke. '1 hey fteiieil lo' the abiA'C-imiuioi,i.:i (cem- 
 ing harbour 01 ba- , Jid o uul in thm vvay fi. 1,1 nn or 
 t.ul\e, totwei.ty f-iilion s, coming ne.ir liie po:nt in 
 thehi.;ghiot tiic b /, liii y had no grounil i.t ico fa- 
 th' m', till ihiy weie auv..ncid far lino thi. bsv, \.he(» 
 their lkift"<^, whieh were before 111 m, found bo toin. 
 After tins, they had tiom 'hirty to Light fatho;i.' , and 
 farther in deep w.,icr. Tluy dropped oHe anchor in 
 eiglifeen fathoms, aiid l.iid anotlicr in lortv : fnrilic 
 I'oiith iliorc w.is the il' epell vsau r, the other hi ng 
 made (hallow by the coining dviwn of the rivei-;. On 
 the 2Cth they had 70 fathoms water at the (hip j the 
 bottom oozy. 'I'lie land bor.; we(!-b\-!oui 1, and 
 luirth J and to the north, lay certain liio.h, with ii 
 faiul-bank to the noith-wjfi, lb that th^y v.cre but 
 live points of the coinf>afs open to the winds ; but the 
 road is very foul ground, and deep water j bilideF, 
 there runs a ftroi.g (ireani down the riv.rc. ntimially. 
 Captain Hawkins coming on board the Di agin, the 
 commander being indilpoled lilii.felf, knt him on 
 Ihore, accompanied with both the (kif:.-, wtll armed. 
 Towards night he returned on I oard, ii-itlioat havini* 
 fecn any people ; but the frclh traek (jf them wa-? 
 very vilible in a great many places. He Lft fome 
 heads and trifles "i a boat v\'hivh thiy foiiiid, td 
 allure the nalivts. AcoordiniJ to this account, there 
 was little likeliliood ot relreftdng here: but the com- 
 mander's fi(h.rs, from the oilier fide of the bay told 
 him, they met with a great number of bones of 
 lieails, :iul fome with flifh on them. George Lvanr, 
 of the Hed^or, was bitten here bv an alj!:ator 
 Ihe commander ordered water to be taken in with- 
 out delay : and in the nv-an time propolld to lee': 
 proiifions. It flows here neareft cat!, and hi.>heit, 
 much water. On the 21ft, having elpicd four 
 natives the commander lent to prelciU them beads; 
 kc. wliereupon they promifed, hv ligns, to brinp' 
 ftorcof caide next day. (Jn the -.'d, thecommande'r 
 perceiving Ieveral of the inhabitants, went on fliorc^ 
 and toinid a fnbtil people. (Their bodies Were ftroiiiT, 
 and well proportioned i their privities oijly carefully 
 covered with cloth made of the iliinds of tree: ). He 
 hou'.'ht one calf, one (heep, and one lamb j but they 
 woiilil part with nothing luir f.,r fiUer. In ihealor- 
 noon, he rowed up the river, as wtll to look for the 
 heft wateiing place, as oilicr.vilc, and found the 
 water very (hallow and bracki(h. On tiic :4ih, he- 
 went on (hole again, leciiig one man there, and 
 bought three kine, two (leers, and four calves, 
 which coft nineteen (hilliiiL's befidcs a few beads. 
 The cattle wnich were buflaloes, arc far better fleflj 
 than thole of S:,ldanna. Tliefe people are cncumcifcd, 
 as lome aflirm ti' have fern. 
 
 " On the 28tl), (lays the author) they d-partcd. 
 Tliere lies a breach lour miles from the noith point of 
 the bay, foutli fouth-caft. The place is defcribed as 
 very inconvenient f>;r riding, the water being c'?ep, 
 and the ground pittv and foul, as appear hv their 
 cahli' cutting. On the 12th of March, lat. 15 d?^. 
 50 minutes, they founded l.-vcral times in the after- 
 noon, and had n.> g'ound at 90 fathoms, and before 
 einht, they had ground at 20, 18, 17, 16 ("athcms, 
 all within half a cable's length. Tluii they inlt \ntly 
 tacked otf, and had 19 and 24 f,itlKims ; and the 
 three hill, had no liottom at fortv fathoms. The 
 i;roiMid wascompoled ofl'mall fingU ilones, likebesns, 
 and the Ihip at this tunc was about tivc.or lix miics 
 
 fruiB 
 
 'SO 
 
 1^0'" 
 
 1' 
 
 
 
358 
 
 VOYAGES OF THE ENGLISH 
 
 ii 
 
 i 
 
 I 
 
 l6o3 fromftiotp. This afternoon, h.iviot', !);> 1 a fiiili r,alc 
 > ■ » ' av caft by north, they got liHncwh.it ii> tlienoith. — 
 The ijUi, latiluji- 1 5 <JcT;rcvs 45 iiiiniilkrs, it haviiic, 
 boi-n ratiii iVoin miiiiiii^hl till ilinit this ton.i)(«);i, 
 ihcy loll \\\in they got the J^y I'ft'ou-, and wm- ihi- 
 tui (DUth as apjitarcJ by the land. I'hcy were at 
 lio<)i> wiliiiii three leai^iits of Diore. i'hc i+tli, la- 
 titude 15 degrees 4'2 minutes, 1« that they were :id- 
 vanccd north, tlirce leagues, andjiiJi;nieni would have 
 allovvcd at )eart 15 len:^ucb no;'li iiorih-calf, li» tli.it 
 the author coiicludid the cnrre)it ran I'lvift, and /it 
 mciv ibuth thaji I'outh-wi ll : lor ihi> morniiig, thoiiij;h 
 Iia/y, thev were not (aril oin fliorc, havinj; ivid (i^ht 
 of land all along ; whereas then, altlioii;;h it vv4s 
 miiiMi cleared, they could hardly lie it. The I5tli 
 thiv were in laiitndc 15 degrcc-s 4^) minutes. J'hey 
 could not lee the land, yet were but ten le-iyues tivjm 
 it. Th v knew not w hat courle u» uke t« get 
 iMil of tai> current , fi>r if 1 ' jy pnt oti', and the cur- 
 lent fhoulJ hold, tiie (hips inii;ht be in dinger uoni 
 the irt.ind of Juan C.c Nue' a ; and by ket-pin;; the (hore 
 preit h i/ards m.i;ht accrue; befides, where Juch a 
 (rait I'j isiiut the ihcarn, it is iiidiicictiuii to con- 
 tinue. 
 
 " The ^! xirs of this place alike affirm, tliat in 
 f.ime vear-, ujioi-. the colli of Mombala, Ala^^ido.va, 
 F'.ia, Ij.-ava, c^c. pieces of >ViiiI»cjp,ris are found, 
 \4,-' :hi:i(; twciMy kcntals, uf liich bulk, thai men 
 I.. hid.? [•e!';i)d one of them. They nuke yeaily 
 •lOi jgvs / 11:. hiMicc to th^ ifle of Coniora, 10 buy 
 fiave;:, a.'id report the people to be vciy treacherous ; 
 jii' i..j, al Jifi'ercnt times killed 50 perfons by pui- 
 
 foiiiiij;, n\(> ihercf've rcfoh. ed to tiade on board. 
 
 ']"Kev (liu there vr.rc ei;;lit Dutchmen upon Pcmba, 
 who (ill l)Ocii lb'-:, three or iota years, twoot whom 
 i.urnct? Moiv?, They rei kon this monfi.Hin of fouih 
 winds <o l)e;;m vcarly the (irft of .May, and the c.\- 
 tvciTiitv thereof to coiiiiuue ico days. J'he moll 
 hoillei'ous weather f which they report.to be wonder 
 I'll) is in June iiid July ; for on the icth r.if Auttull 
 It be^^ins 10 b; lels windy, and loon after north winds 
 come, attended with inueh rain, fcr t\\rix or four 
 nioiiihs mr.M' i at (\ hieh time molf aloes is made, 
 wjifh is only the juice of fcmpcr viveiis, put into a 
 goar'slkin, and fodriud. I'he jd of ^^ly the com- 
 iiijialci Itiit ■!» fliorc to vc\jS\ aloes, and received on 
 board i:'.5C p lunds, v.hr.h co'.f for the conipany's 
 account a V' ^'""'"■*' ' hiuiihi in all 18 ; j pi>und> 
 nclt. i'lic chief fe.'..: to borrow r.co ri.ils of 
 
 ci;fht, which he ret.:)eo lo KtkI ; hut prelliitcd him 
 with t'^o yards of keikv, an-J a very hadloiiK knife. 
 He h.id, n't another time, 575 pound more of aL-cs 
 whi' h co/t I ! 1 dollar'. Cliaiil, D.ahul, and Danda 
 R;ijipuri arc p.nod .uul fafe ports, and rich trading 
 towi.s, upon tiic coall of India. At Saaila, llbiiki, 
 Aui'^jne, Ahitti, four of the ifles of Comora, then 
 is abundance if rice, and the people aiv . >ck1 : but 
 Jm;h.'r.e, and Malalo, (twoinoretif (f ''ani.-iilands) 
 prodme very litllc ri<x j and the pcojile aiv* trea- 
 cherous. 
 
 " Burrom, ^lakell:l, and C:iyxim, ; c good '.-,. r- 
 bcuri for both monfooiison the coail f Arabia, liut 
 11. 1 piactiof nicrchandifinj. Xael, or ICaer, hius no 
 harbour nor iu.id for any time, but w i.'d ve'id iron 
 and lead, a Tuik. btina; Ag» ; and tf ■/ ^nd by Ian. 
 for fueh » :..:iHnodities in Cayxini, a day s joarncy to 
 llie wcUward i but tlure is no '.'^oinp; tliithc: at this 
 time; that 111 both monlocns there isa c iil'iualex- 
 treiBC fea-Lnlc upon ihecoalV of Arabia, and ihcciii- 
 irnt geiicinily with the wind; there is no ridiii ; 
 at the enlraiKc of .Sural, to ha\e any flielter fi.wi 
 thewelUrn (li'He, ajainft the wcllein monffX>iis, h. 
 icafon of bid aiichoiing ground, and chiefly b> the 
 extreme i lolincc of tlie tides, which ovrrfet fhips that 
 arc not a';roiiiuI. The roa.! of Delifa is a \ c 1, good 
 place to 1 ide in hcuic .i^aintl the nionfoin. Hut what 
 is (iranj^e, two miles cither fo the eaft or wcif from 
 ihcner, it continually blows fo hard that no (h'p 
 can abide it ; neither couid the author aflign any lea- 
 {oa for it, rveiTt the dilfaWke bctw ixt the (hips of tl,.- 
 
 high mnunt.iins nii}',hl caufe it; f.' ihtrew.-v- il.Htti 
 low land betrtivt them and the ili'/n. 
 
 " On thca4thof June they departed. The ;•. ; 1 tlur 
 faw an iiLiiul, and ;ibout not'ii, two more; tiievhr 
 two to the north, and one to the fouth, whi. h i- the 
 Si|>i;'ft, and in the l.ititude of (bur dej^rvXi two lui- 
 nuKs bilow the Line. The north part ol thtle 
 illaiids is a >eiy high land, fall of titet. In the 
 mid-way, b.iweeii ibe f.>u;!i. iiivd} of ll;e thnc, 
 which are tv'ii Icagues.diHaal noith ii.J lo,i:!i. 'I'liire 
 IS 1 l.ind. bank lying lioin the cad < iiJ o^ the iiiol! 
 Diifthern (or middKnioll) foulh-calf, Iralf » li.;:ii;el 
 ovc! i li> avoid this, ihci' (leered wiliiiii two lej4!K» 
 L'l the maldleiniill illaii,), bv a very £')"d j>a)l,i r, 
 haviiisf the breach ab-uil three lea^uo to tlie fo.nli. 
 It lies verv daniyrons foi thofe who lave no liiow- 
 Icdje ••! it, to pals by iii;;hr. There (etii'.ed to be 
 a p.ij]'a>e between the two northcrnmoll; ; but it is 
 Icarcc c-wide. On the abtii ihey \vc:c halt 
 
 way between I'rianian and I vku, about three !i^v;uet 
 from the Ihorc, vvheie ir was oblined, lli.t the 
 two hummocks o( Miko, uiih the ';• ;ii land otfi 
 them, hi«e north and by well, and luulh by ciJt, 
 half apuini ciftetly. ) here lie-: a flii.d i'lio I.Hit 
 miles If om the coaif, bearing fouih ai.d noiih, W|ili 
 the <aid hi,;h land, l!.'.ndinc;ii'vth-eall by call ; from 
 the r».rd of I'liaman, they ii.id 45 l.uiioiii watti, 1 ah 
 leagues and a ball fnmr lUoie. I here is .'.n iilauJ 
 about four leagues (ttmi the road, iioith-e.il! and 
 lijuth-iveil. '1 he three illar.ds of I'liaman, lie fouih 
 fouth-eaif, and nortii iiorili- well, bein^ u'iUjnt escii 
 from the other, about u mile-. In thealteinoo.'i they 
 got into I'riaoian toad, and falutiJ tin- town with 
 live pieces of cannon. Ihe governor Knt a j.oat to 
 the commander, who rrtiiriKtl it with a [irefeiit of 
 three yards of cloth alfn, one piece of blue ca- 
 lico, a mulijurt barrel, .uid two IV. ord blades. He 
 likcwile bellowed on the nielleiiger, (who ("poke Por- 
 tu^uefe) .1 piive oj blue <;iJico. i "here came ano- 
 titerof Arhiii, wilh whom he held a loii» coriverfa- 
 tion in Arabic : and ftoiii liis repoit, conceived ;';teat 
 hopes of a beneficial tr.ide. Ou llic J9lh the c.'ni- 
 tnander went on (hore bv times, (hootm 1 j.jf lUeii 
 pieces .)! ordnance: be went iinmediaielj- to the j;o- 
 vernoi's hout'e, who prvfentLd him wilh a bulialo^ 
 and appointcvl liiiii to letriethe price of i)e(ipi'r, with 
 luiiilrv chiel men. Thefe coni;nilIii:iiers were abo.it 
 6r) in number, ^xi he ha I inanv dilputts with 
 them about wvighinj; fte y. vpi.r ; lu; deli.ing, tJiat 
 it might be ^mis upon the il iiid, and they 'iiliftin^ 
 that 11 lliould be wei;;!jed in the town. J "1 y '■. 
 majidcd 50 dollars tile baliar, which ij:ue. .iiplealcii 
 him; for the Aci iuefi: advikd, t( offer but 16; 
 but this ivas bis ci.iv', for beinj; a nierch.ant, his aim. 
 j \'.as to ha', c ■■n.'roifd much pepper, ij..iore the com- 
 mander th' u'J .'1 ive bought any ; and the, AouJd have 
 made bi.n pay his own price f.ir it. Alter nuuh de- 
 hate, the rate waf a^^re^d at ;ii dejilars ai.d i h.df the 
 b:'har, billd'j!: fix per cent, eiiflom. He k .', ife, at 
 ! Mglh coniented to pay two other ciilto, >>, .ir rather 
 ex.iifions, the one lOo dollars, theoihei, not iiiueh 
 .'efs. ' ^ I •r.,;s were dr.iwn between (.^;i and them. 
 Ibe I liht )el.)re, a man who fj oitv I'.v. 1 ' giicfe, lay 
 on bo .d lh«- Df2!;on ; .n.-.d in be.' j'.r of i,':c late go- 
 iernr..',s wile, (by limi iniith'd fjU'cn) i.'.llrcd the 
 eommanderS aid in tak-h^ the tov. . , olieiinfi; hint 
 one halt s>f it. liut being acquainted with tliv; 
 foufl'e ot M<>ors, and the thing not agreeable to his 
 eoinni fri.><»,, Jie refufid to intirmedule ; and in the 
 mornin;; lent him on fliore. He fold clolh to the 
 chief, lor 159 malies ol gold. — T he tovyn and lanus 
 of I'riaman yield not, yearly, above 500 bahars of 
 (Kpixr; but ; Jiliiiif ih'; produce of tiit neighboiirini; 
 diliiK'is, as ii.ilianian, I'ekii, lleru' , and the moun- 
 tains ncjr the town, Ihe whole aniwuiiled to 250'> 
 bah.irs, which (|uaiititv will load two Ibip^, and iiviv 
 beboiip,ht at a very reafopabic pi ice, if a factory h,. . 
 the means to buy nil the year : but ihiir harveft is 
 o.ih in .\iii;ull and September, and the j.'.rain is fetchid 
 away b) the (hips of Achin and Java only, the Ou- 
 7 ' zara's 
 
To GUINEA AND THE EAST INDIES. 
 
 A 
 
 jurats not being permitted to tr.nle there by the kini; 
 01 Aihiu's cxpuls coniinacul J lo that a vclli:! that 
 tuiiL-hcs at Suraf, and having bought a pared of blue 
 calicoes, white laliioc*, liliie (hiped and checqiiercd 
 (Kit}'s, anil Ibmc fmiill ami Hue pintadocs, (hall leave a 
 lacton', may lay the brfl loiMidalion tor profit, one year 
 ag.iintt the next. 'I'he aiitlior, ("ays, lie cannot fee how 
 fliips can call at Catr.bayt, and come to Hriaman time 
 iMimii;li in one year ; luliclesthc kinijof Achin's let- 
 icr mull be procured, for their fafcr proceeding* in 
 thole parts. 
 
 On thciHthof Septcm'.Kr, in the morning, they 
 departed, and next day at noon, were ten Icapucs 
 welt north-well, from the point to the fouth of Pri.i- 
 nian, havini; (Iccrt J to the eaft.vard of Ilia dc Frille/,i\. 
 Before day, on the 20th, they faw an ifland a-liead, 
 and Iteercd cait fouth-oalt, to j;et clear of if. They 
 now went to the ealtward of it four lca:Mies j the 
 illands of Sumatra heini; I'even leagues Ironi them. 
 'J"he 2 1 If, 26 lea;jues, beini; allowed fyuth-calt by 
 Ibuth, they were within fix or feven leagues of Su- 
 matra J and well from them, about four leagues, was 
 another great ifland. On the 2d of Oilobcr in the 
 morning, they faw land, which they took for the 
 Salt illand, but it proved a round hummock upon 
 Sumatra. They made Icarcely any way, yet at noon. 
 Were in five degrees 55 minutes fouth. I he 3d they 
 had fight of Salt Ifle, bearing nor' -eaft by north, 
 four or rive leagues diltant. It lies in the latitude of 
 fix degrees, \\x minutes. When they faw it, they 
 Were within tour leagues or Ids of the fouth land, 
 which bore call fouth-ealf, the wind all night frefli 
 at Well, and nurlh-welh The fouth land con- 
 fill* of four iflis; the wellcrn part of it lies with the 
 Salt Illand, or roundell and liighell ifland in the 
 lire: ;ht ot Suml.i, foiith-well by louth, ?vC. The 
 ncaredof ihe fourh iflands being the weltcrmoft, is 
 fix kvigues didant from the Salt Ifland. The Silt 
 Ifland lies lialf-fea over ; and the dillancc betwixt Su- 
 mutri, and this fouthermoll land is 12 or fourteen 
 leagues. This evening thev hail the Salt Ifland fi)ur 
 leagues nrrth of them. On the 14th in the morn- 
 in , ihev werewuhin five or fix leagues of the puiiit, 
 (including dantam whole bay) call north-eatt from 
 them. Ihcrc were before they came to that point, 
 two rocks lull of trees, bearing north and fouth, four 
 miles diilant, between which t;vo they lleercd. The 
 foutliernioit lies very near Java, and the northei- 
 moll half way or more, betAccn the point of llaii- 
 tam and another low ragged ifland, which, with the 
 other two to the northward of it, bear with the north- 
 ermoll rock. Well f. -uth-well, and call fouih 
 call, between which iflaanJs thev did not know of any 
 palla^ic, 'I'hev eot into the road of Uantam where 
 they found (ix iJutch ihips, two were alinoll ladtn 
 with cloves, and two more were to be laden with 
 pepper. The comm snder found 1 } I'liglilh people 
 iilivc, of whom two were nicrch.mts, and received a 
 Tctt.'r fio-n Captain David M.'.Hcton. On the 6lh, 
 the/ paid the two Chinefe ilieir wage^, and rele.ifcd 
 them. 'I'he 2o;h he called his niercha.us together, 
 and having formerly refolvcd to return with the Dra- 
 gon to Kngl.ind, upon Ipccial conlid'Tations, he no.\ 
 confulted about employing the pinnace, not yet 
 iinilhed i and was refoKed to fend her with liiown 
 and Sidnal, for Banda ; that John Heme, John 
 S.iris, and Richard Savage, (hould remain at l!an 
 tarn i and tliat fo fun-, as the pinnace (hould return 
 from Bandi, John jaris (hould go in her to Seque 
 dai':;, in Jjoti.eo. I'hc 15th of November he lent for 
 Jaques Der"i;:e, ar.d dilcovered to them a defign of 
 the Javans to kill them, whereof he had received very 
 p.irticular information. 
 
 " On the 22d, the ainbafl'.ulor of Sian r mc to vilit 
 the commander, and diiuil with him. He affirmed, 
 thai one might fell loco pieces of red cloth, 
 there in two d.<ys, and great quantities yearly j 
 for they cloathed their elephants and horfeswith it ; 
 that gold is plenty there, and good, being worth three 
 times the weight of filver; there arc there precious 
 
 Vol. I. N" 31. 
 
 flones in abundance, and cheap ( and that his maftef 
 would account it a great happinefs to have commerce 
 with fo great a king as his inajcfty of Knfland, with 
 whom, as he underdood, the king ot Holl ind was 
 not to be compared. 
 
 Thectimmanikr took leave of the king, the go. 
 vcrnnrj the .iilniiral, the old Shah Bandar, alio 
 of Tangong, and of the Dutch, on the 251I'., 
 defiguing to liay mi longer. 'I'hc 2d of December at 
 night, the merchants came on board, bringing a let- 
 ter from the king of Hantami to King James, and • 
 two picols of CaiiKMi, as a prefent to him. The 
 I ?.th they dilcovered a fail, belcrc they eot out of the 
 (Ireights, which proved to be the Hector. Her 
 captain (laid behind at Surat. By her they uiuler- 
 ftood, that the Portugueli: h.id taken 18 Knglifh 
 fliips, among which werefeyeral of the faclor'>, and 
 goods to the value of 9000 dollars. The 14th they 
 got into the Bantam road again, being forced to .1 
 longervoyage or lofsof reputation. On the i6tli theie 
 came a (mall Flemilh vefl'el from Amftirdam, with 
 news of peace between Sp.iin, France, and the Ne- 
 therlands, and that the end of his coming was, to 
 order the Dutch to defift from their ilifign againll 
 Molucca. The commander appointed Mefi'rs. Mo- 
 lineux and Peckham, to return for England, and 
 took the red with him for the Moluccas. The 17th 
 he removed into the Heiilor, and the mailers exchanged 
 (hips. The 2id he dilji.ttched Mr. Towcrfon, prefl- 
 ing his departure with all fpccd. The 2jd, the Dra* 
 gon let fail from Bantam. 
 
 On the fird of January, about one in the morn- 
 ing they weighed, and with a brilk gale '11 thelhorcj 
 got about the eaft point, cad north-eall, (rom whence 
 they rode three leagues; thence to another point fi)uth- 
 eall hv ead, three leagues. Between the I'econd point 
 lies a (Iioal, having little water for a great length i to 
 avoid which it is bed to (leer half way between Java, 
 and the iflesof Toiida, which arc fwc leagues diilant. 
 To thceadward of the fecond point, lies the iflanj 
 of Tarara, (b dole to the (hore, tl at it is not dif- 
 tinguilh.ible at a dillancc. From the 2.1 to the 3d 
 point, bearing ead foiith-ead, there are fou; leagues, 
 andamileand a half otf that point, noith by well, 
 lies the ifle Lakkee, betwixt which and the point, 
 there is by report, but one fathom and three quarters 
 of water. They rode at night in fix f.ithoms, haviug 
 the ifle a league niV lo the call. Th .^th t!uv weighed, 
 and (leered within half a league 01 Lakkee, h..ving 
 (even or eight fathoms water. 'I'he illand Lakkee, 
 with the wed point, including Jaccatra, bears fouth- 
 eall, lour leagues diilant. I'here is a dangerous 
 land od" the well point of Jaccatra, fo that it is bell 
 to borrow od' the laid ifland, which lies oppofite to 
 that point. Fhe bill the commander went and an- 
 choied far out before Jaccatra, the king having lent 
 the Shah Bandar to defirc powder and 111. itch ; he prc- 
 fentedhim 30 pounds of the former, and a r(dl of tha 
 latter. He bought of them for 45 doll.ii^, a I'ortu- 
 aiiefe bov, (given to the king by the Dutch) who 
 would by no means forlake C'lirilli.inilv. I'hc points 
 as they rode, bore north-well, and call by north, fiiur 
 leagues didant. The town and the highell ot the eall^ 
 ermod hills, fouth by e.ill, and the weft liiU fouth 
 by wed. Since they left B.mtaiTi, ihey faw 30 or 
 40 Iflands. The loth in the afternoon, they de- 
 parted •, and on the I2lh, h.uiiig f.iiled p leagues 
 tall by fouth. 'I'hey we e at ncHiii, two leagues fijuth- 
 wed by fouth ai .: .i-d ; louth and north, wilh which 
 there IS a (hoal, three leagues from Java, called Los 
 tres Hermano , (or tin: Three Biothers;) the 'He [ ^^^ ,,j, []_,j, 
 lies 10 leagues lom Java, but not fo lar eallcrly, as nionys. 
 is projected in ic charts, and bears with iho higheft 
 hill they lie upon Java, noilh by wed. I'he 21(1 in 
 the forenoon, tliey faw She land t'f Celebes : the ^"thj 
 in the morning, thtv v-ere north and fouth wilh a 
 land lying 12 leagues, call fouth-eall, from the call 
 fide of Cambayt: coming nearer the wellcrn p.;rt, 
 it proved two irt..nds, Ivini; call north-eall, &c. Tlie 
 great ifland 'ay end by north, (ivu leagues off, makiive; 
 5 A ' three 
 
 I 
 
 i 
 
 
 I 
 
 ',i*# 
 
361 
 
 V O Y A (5 K S OK r II K K N (5 t, I S U 
 
 I! 
 
 i 
 
 :t!i ! 
 
 iCofi 
 
 Iflu'd ot 
 B..no. 
 
 <\n '»v, rj. 
 
 ihrfO or four hcail-l.iiijH. 'I'licrc lies ;> rouiul ill.iiid 
 I'iijht li.i ',uci loiith, from the laid Iu-.uI-1.iihIs. From 
 the c.ill'iii |iuint to another, iioith-eall, h.ll iiciilh, 
 there are three leagues, ami to a (oiirlli, ni'rlli-e.ill 
 hv nurili, three It.igues. Ki.,'it Kaj;uts dmih-eail by 
 ».ilf, (roiii the third |uiiiit, lies .i ilioal lix league-, 
 lont;, as it ht.ireth. TlieiSlh, trnm tlu' (.ml |)<iint 
 i;orih-ea(}, eight leai;iie>, li.s the ill.iiid 'riealKli.i, 
 (whireot they had (lulit;) and to the iiorth-e.ill hy 
 *iorth, 14 Karnes, is the eatl or north-call j)oii\t or 
 UiiUiii. At night, atara\al, with 40 or 50 iiiui 
 came on board, lent I roni the kinc nl liiitoii, aninn;.', 
 whoii\ were the kind's iiiK'lc and liui, who knew Sid- 
 iiall and Spaldinj.';. 
 
 " On the4ihot Kcbrmry in the nioriiinj:, about 
 cii',ht o'clock, they law Hiirio, the ealt point ot uliich 
 was iUM(h-eaU bv call-, I'evcn leagues oli, and the welt 
 point notlh-by-v.i 11, nine leagues otf. 'I'he author 
 /or the iji.ice ol a lew lioiirs lan u. Km{;ucs, noiih-e.ilt, 
 wind welUilv. I'he 5th, a conlultation being held, 
 it «,is ihoiigiit bell to t'o for Ij.inila, the v\inds not 
 r^Tving lor the Mtdueca?. From the eallern point ot 
 Burro, to another, tliitL- arc tour leajriies, call and 
 Wilt. I he llle liioy lies Ibuth and north Irom the 
 LMlleriiMull end of IJiirro, four or live lea;',ue<. I'roni 
 liurro they law Anibovna, which lies calt by north, 
 12 leagues dillant, and is 10 leai;ues Ion;.;, call, to 
 the caitward of which lie other illes, calf and well, of 
 ;j;<^o 1 i|ii.\iitity. On the 2Ktli, they got into the road 
 orh.rliourof lianda, wlui^. the people and Dutch 
 came to u.lc. line the commander. 1 hjre is a fmall 
 flat illuid, th.:t lies to the north of I'ulorin's call 
 ti.d. I'ulowav, and the entrance of the harbour, 
 liorc well, nxttheilv, three leaL'ue.i ilillant. The 
 two points if the foutli, bear north, one quarter 
 eafl-, i^'c. half a mile dillant. 'Fhole tliat are bound 
 in, mult keep on the north ilde, dole under ihe hic^lult 
 h'll. Thee rode in I'lV fatlii>;ns and a half water ; 
 the Lntr.ince of ihefiiind bun.; well fmih-wei!, one 
 mile olV them. Nera one mile north, ami the low 
 point of the round hill, one mile well. The Hope 
 li.i'. in:; been driven to the catt, came piloted 111 r.exl 
 (noriii~ii;^. The ytli, the commander went on (liore, 
 and delivereil his nnijcliv's letter to Nera, to;;eihcr 
 
 with a prcknt, bcin. 
 the bell hcad-p: ce 
 Ji«ckes's nnil'i;u^' , 
 
 til.' bill <,ilt cup wifli a cmer, 
 and j;oi';^et, ami one of .\lr. 
 ,-hieh c.lf 25 dollars : it was rc- 
 ceiicd with the n.oll- (late that had beiii known j but 
 ih.'V took till next d:;y to ccnl'ider about ih-; pn.pc lals 
 for leitiin^a f.etorv. The IJutch laluted at Captain 
 Keilini's landm;/, and a>j;ain at his i;oin;; on board ; 
 he bonrded ■,;\:S them. The 1 ith, he at. reed for build- 
 in: lh<ir houfe. ^ '"•'•■ •"" '^' \vent to L'rtatan, to 
 confer with the pco]ile. where he proniilid to be .-.t 
 
 Lantor the Sund,' 
 
 illowin;;. The . 
 
 in th-' af- 
 
 l rnof.n, he was called upon, and went to [,antor, 
 v.lur'.' b.> deliicrcd tlie kind's letter; the fmall i;ilt 
 cup with ac(Aer, the tine rilt tari;et, one muliimt 
 .111(1 abaiiel, wl.icb they rccei\ed with refpiifl. Nik- 
 htula China (as the Dutch fpy) came on bo.'.rd in 
 t*e nii;Ht, to advile the con.inaiider how to niana re. 
 Where the Dutch have a factory, let no man look lor 
 better mcafurc i largo gifts being nioie rei_'arde<l than 
 fair d'.alini;. 
 
 On the 15th, thol'e of Lantor din.andcd for Sere - 
 ninan-:, 140 rials of eight, and Captain Keiliiij; rr- 
 (luired leave to fell his cloth the bed he cou' I, by 
 feltlim; a price. The priel} was fent from the j.'o- 
 \criinicnt to demand pavnicnt of whut they called 
 Kooba, before the Fiv.jlfli traded, which the com- 
 manilt-r refufed, except upon condition that the whole 
 cooTV>iv would bind iliunli Ivcs to hail,- him with mace 
 antl nutmegs, within lour months, at IC3 dollars the 
 c: tti. I lu prieft taking tiiiij to confider of it, tlu 
 othtr anfwcrcd that fincc he pcrceucd th.y protiaottd 
 the artiir, waitinn till the arrival of the Dutch, 
 (which was now become doubtful, the nioiif(n>n heiiif.' 
 almoll fpent, and the cail winds be^iniiin;^ alnaJy to 
 blow) he would not gi\e inorc than 9_) rl.iU ; on 
 which the rmil WoL bi> leave, who uiidef a vny fair 
 
 oiilfide conceaLd abiindaiirc <.f ;',uile. Tlie ifiift, 
 there arrived three Dutch veli'e'l^, whiih, without 
 anchoriiii.', (iied tliirly, (ixtctii, and nine pieces o» 
 cmnon. I'wo of ihele (hips came lioni reiiiate, 
 having loft Paul Van Carden, their admiral, with 
 74 men, lakui by the Spaiiiaub. ThcDutihol- 
 lercd 5000 dollars lor him 1 but relloiing tiic fort of 
 Machiaii, which lie had formerly taken Iroiti 
 them." 
 
 .At Uiii',ili, the Kni^lilh came to an aivrcemeiit with 
 the Dim li, with repaid 10 the puluil dilpute, and on 
 liie 2 jd, the commander made .I'feciet agreement u ii'i 
 the chiif of I'uloway, to lend a lactoiy thither ( and r,^„„. „ 
 were lorced to lend tiiem jr.o lials, and gave as luluway. 
 lirapiiKin;;, looriiils, with lour Malayan piiuadncs. 
 Next d.iy, the Dutch heariii;; of the ajjre. mrnt, 
 I'oui'ht to |ii;M'nt him. The .oytli there ariived in 
 the road lix i.uat lliips, and luo fmall piniiates. 
 
 — I'lie eoinmamlcr fainted ilieni \, nh iiinB 
 
 pieces of canmui, and they aiilwcred uiih three, 
 riielirllof April, lOoc), lie receuid by the llopf, 
 from I'uloway, 225 cams and three i|u,irteisof niaee, 
 and I p7 tatis and a half of iuitmei;s, v.hiehni.icc 
 (loboULlit) he maiked wiih ii. for cliltir.ction j ih« 
 41I1, going on board to cure on.- of his ly.-s, uliich 
 by the heat of the nutmegs, watching, iVc. was 
 very fore, he kit llle he ule and goods in the care of 
 Auguliine Sp.ilding. I'iierc .iirivedfrom the Mo- 
 luccas, tv\o fmall Dulclinien. And now the wind 
 every inoming,, blew hard callnly. 'I'he 9th, the 
 Diiieh admiral, W ilii.imfun Varhoef, went on Ihorc 
 to L'rtatan ; the lU t iiiot 40 piecis of ordnance : his 
 II. ip but live, lie ddivci ed a letter from Count Mau- 
 rice, without a pri lent, which, v\ hen the people de- 
 manded, aiifwcr was made, (as the author was told) 
 that tli.y h..d one on board: but it was not yet re- 
 folved what it ihoiilJ be. 'Ihc loth, the .Sha b::ndar, 
 ■;t the comii.on u(|1kII, fcnt for the letter, v^hieh 
 belli,; in I'oi tugiiele, he peru'ed, and louiul it only 
 an iiilliunicnt, bimUng, the prime and (tale to ratilv 
 Inch agrecmiiits as I heir admirals and councils flioulil 
 make with other powers. It was written on paper, 
 kaled ui.deiiieaih, and left op.n for all. 
 
 J'liey began to briii^ their nutmegs on board, on 
 '.he nth, being coiiltraincd tlur.-to by il.e Diitcli, 
 whole intentions v,'... to go on lliore uitliiii a day or 
 two. To that the Krglilh could neiiher lelect the lie'f, 
 nor let them be long enough in fueat. On the i.->th, 
 at night, after th-' 111 ft w.'.t^h, the ftates lent lout 
 men to .lefne the eoniinamler.s C( inpany inllanlly oil 
 tliorc ; but he cxcufcd going till next morninu, and 
 then v.\nt betinus. The SI. ah Haiidar of'Nera, 
 coming to vilit him on his himliiiij, after inucli 
 '.alk he propol.d (.is he li.id oilcn done before) the 
 iorir.il furrer,i!er ol liairla, to ilie life of the king of 
 Knghind, before the Dutch landed, 01 bei^an their 
 fort. I hey f eir.ed to like the piopoial well, pio- 
 mifiiig to coiil'ider, and give an aiilvver the fame day ; 
 but did not pertoim. 
 
 <Jn the i5ih, the Dutch, with twenty boats ti.i;, in, .u!» 
 landed 12.0 men J the natives lUd. On the iSth, lijiulj, 
 ihc con.niandcr went on (hnre, and fending for fomc 
 Dutch rif norr, complained of nianv wrongs he h;ul 
 received fiiice their arrival, and dmiandid redrels j 
 ad.liiig, that although the Fnglilh wire not ftron^ 
 enou :li to rigiit 'lunifdvis, yit their kimj would 
 not luli'er his i'libji .'ts to be injured by their means, 
 wiilioiit oblainiiigcHiclual fatistaclion : the F'.ni'lilh 
 loiiiiiiaiidvr at th- f;ime time told them, that not- 
 vviililiaiuling ilu ir b.hi'v ioiir, he could not hilp ae- 
 i)uaiiiting them, that the natives iiuendcil to poifon 
 lhvirw,iter; and hid for th.it reafon, warned him 
 not lo drink of it. I'hey thanked him, .ind havin;j 
 bi'n with ih-ir admiral, rc()uclKd the comnniiid, r 
 liom him to have paiienec, wiih regard to the .ift'air 
 of rice, till he h..d coiilulieil on the matter. On the 
 5.oih, the commander went on iliorc to fetch the rice, 
 in part of Daton Pull's dtbi to ihc company, but the 
 Dutch had diihonelUy t.'.!.,:i ir, norvvithf'.aiidiiig 
 
 the admiral promiied that lie ihuuld have it. 
 
 Then 
 
TO (J U 1 N K A A K I) T H F, K A f, f I N' H I V. S. 
 
 3'^1 
 
 111 FjAnrv It 
 3i I'uluuay. 
 
 f, 
 II 
 
 h, 1'.. 
 lie 
 I 
 
 Kl 
 s 
 
 (h 
 
 t- 
 
 m 
 in 
 
 c\ ln\ u'9 
 
 Then he tlioiipht to have fiipplicd liimidl amony the 
 J.ivain ; but tlicy diirit not, although he (ifKcrcil mnix' 
 than the Duicli p,iid, allcJ^ing, that thv Dutch had 
 chari^cd them not to li.ll him any. At his nturn 
 hoiiu, fiiiJiiii; the pcrkm whom the admiral had 
 lormcrly (iiu to him, lie defircd him to tell that rom- 
 mandcr, that he looked ujion the taking ot his rite, 
 asai^reut wrimp; j and that if he were a jjcntltiiiaii, 
 he would not (utter low people to abul'e him, as he 
 walked iiinong them. 'Ilie pcrfon anl'ivered, that 
 he was a weaver ; on tlii j the eomniandi r reproved 
 him, heiny; an Knglilliman in tluir leriice. I'lie 
 commander took liis pr;nv, and went to l.abatacca, 
 where he found lucli little bnfincf'!, that it appt;iring 
 not worth while to keep there, he feiit his ikiff to 
 biin^ them and their goods away. He went to 
 Canibay on the zzd, where th • Dutch did llie Knglilli 
 much wrong, even In their own yard ; when having 
 fevcral times complained without redrefs, the com- 
 mander concluded that it was by order from the chief. 
 (Jn the 24ih, the Dutch began their fort. Next day 
 one of their pinnaces, whieh came from Piiloway, 
 could tell him no news of Brown tlierc. On this he 
 manned his (kitt' and went thither: but found little 
 (pice. However, the people defired him to (lay at 
 Ayie I'uti, proniifing to load his (llip, and olKered to 
 make it death to any one who Ihould (ell one catti of 
 Ipice to the Dutch. The commander (hewing a 
 JifKdence, they having onte before deceived him, they 
 oHcreJ-to entir into articles, and confirm tliem by 
 oaths. Upon this he propofed their bringing the 
 goods on board, which they refufed, fearing the 
 JJutcli. He then offered to (end one Englifhman in 
 each praw, and to run the rifijuc if the Dutch took 
 it. Kut they would not hazard their people. On 
 the 6th, in the moriiiin';, having taken into his boat 
 fimr fucklesof mace, and many nutmegs, with three 
 chiefs, in order to mnfer what to do. By the w.iv, 
 they declared, that if he would not d;al with ihem, 
 their (pice Ihould rot lipo;! the trees j and they Woiihl 
 all die, before they \*oiiM trade with the Dutch. 
 " But (fays the author) they are wirktd iind f.iilhlef-; 
 Moors ; neither know I what to do ; for it 1 go 
 to the Molueca^, I mull lofc v.oco dollars owing 
 here i and trade thie is iincertjin. On the other 
 lia.iJ, (l.iyinj; two months longer hero, will prevent 
 }5oin ; to the iVlolurcis." However, ;:t laft he ap,rced 
 with them. On the 2nth, the chiet being convened, 
 after many protelta;ions of (inccrity, thcv engaged 
 by wrllinj;, to deal with him only, for all their (pice 
 at Pulow.iv, and at Ayre I'uti, and not to fell or 
 part willi any to the Dutch. I'he Dutch ottered 
 J 2000 dollars, to make peace with the inhabitants 
 and drive the Knglilh from thence, which -they 
 rofufe I, and often earncftly deliieil the commander 
 not to take it ill, that they prinicted the Dutch to 
 land and IVU their cloth, whieh tluv did up(m a 
 particular confuleration no wav mate'-ial lo him. 
 On the 4th of Mav, the commander went to I'ulo- 
 wav, wh.-re he found the Dutch ottered cloth at one 
 Ihinl Kfs than the tjiidilh. He alio met with loco 
 cattis of nutmc':;'--, and jco cattis of mace, which 
 they ot I'ulorin had liiUI the Kpnlitti, without letting 
 the l^ulcli hive one eatii otiiiher. On the 8th, the 
 Dutch tlure tent to rujuitt the convey. nee of a letter 
 and a tick man on board their fllip' which the com- 
 mander promifed : but his nutmegs' being nady to 
 load, N.^khada {?oa, came fiom the chief to intieat 
 liini not to carry their man or htler ;■ hut ll y alto 
 hinil'elf on (tiore, wliidi he retul'il, and prepared to 
 lettorwaid; of which biiiig infornud, they tent him 
 word again by the (anie perlbn, that it lie went, they 
 would (ji^c whatl'oi ver Ik- left behind, and conhder 
 the En^lilh as en.n. its j upon which he llopp. d. On 
 the Qtli, the people lent, and defired him to "o on 
 hoard in four day-. As he was going to bed, there 
 came a command that tluv lluiuld not (lir cut of 
 i.oors upon pain of death. Soon after, he heard that 
 the Dutch were upon their knees to the people, 
 on ihis, tjoing out armed, he found ihcm oveicomc 
 
 wiih fear ; and demamling the caiiTe of cofiiiri; 011 
 lioaid fo lale ? '1 hey aiUwi ud, tli.it one (f them wa.s 
 (hot in the leg, as he tle(it in ih 'ir houte, wliicli 
 cauled them to feck t!ie coininand' r |( r hii|), and ilmt 
 they weie intercepud by the w.iy. He went honn.' 
 wiiliihem, and leaviii;; three Ln;.;l;lli with two ul 
 iheni in their lioule, brouiiht f.vo iir>iM- wiili hi'i;. 
 On (he lolh, in ihe morning, he caul. d tin' ^oods of 
 the Dutch (,it lluir eariud re(|ue(l) to In; biought to 
 his lioiile, at which the natives Iteim d otVeilded. 
 It was deteimined in council to kill the Dutch ( but 
 N.ikhada (ioa pielerved their liviS. '(1117 were 
 eoir.inaiided hv tlie nati\es not to tlir out ol doors, 
 upon pain of di.ith : the ir }',oods and noney Weii; 
 legitl.red. The fame evening, maiiv piaw.> Hlhd 
 with nun, want fiom hence, and on the 12th, at 
 n.glit, one of them retuimil u:th news th.it tiny had 
 (lain tile Dutch adniiial and all his prineip.d lol'ow ers. 
 Next d.iy the commaiuler liad much trouble to kiep tin; 
 Dutili Irom beiii;^ (lain by thole of Cinipon Anial, 
 whole Kh.ih IJaiil.ir had been tlain by the Diilih. 
 Two Dutch piiiii.icts ariiicd on the l.vili, lh>-' 
 idanders were in great hopes they would have laiul.di 
 but the conmiandt r ordered his men to f irbid them, 
 and witli niueh imnaty and d.inger, (aved thole wlui 
 were on Ihoie, trom being Itain by the people of 
 Campoii Awrat, who came armed lor that purpoll. 
 About iK.-m he lent away his (kitf with letteis lioin 
 the Dutch on the iilanil to tliofe on (hip-board ; and 
 at night took great pains to preferve the former, by 
 keeping a caielul watch. Next day the (kitf returned 
 with aiilwers to the Duteh kiters. On the ifjih, 
 the Hates confultid, and reiolved, that with the 
 commander the Dutch Ihould be Cafe, but woii'.d 
 ntit permit tliim to go on ho.ird their Ihips, He vent 
 (•n board, and brouijit more letteis 1.1 ihe Duteii, 
 and, at thehaibom's moi;ili, was hailed bv live Diitcli 
 thaliops niid nrhir boats. ( 'n the ?o'.h, intheeieii- 
 iii' , Simon Hoen, theii \ iec-admiial, tame on lu'.'.rd 
 ihe lleclor, and L'.ave tin- command', r m.uiy thanks 
 for Ihe kindnels ll.ewtd to the Dutch at I'uhnvav. 
 At his goin ^ awnv, (even guns were filed. — - C)u 
 the 7.5111, he m.iiiiud his piaw, and went to La- 
 bataiea ; where they det'ircd loii.e perfons to 
 buy their (pice, which he promilid them. The 
 Dutch liavlii; pulled down his hoiiie, gave him, by 
 way of fati-.|aCti(m for it, about 150 dollars, bet'ides 
 torty of Ihe boards. When he w.is going to bed. 
 Van Berpel, and Samuel Kin.;, cr.me trom the vice- 
 •adiiiiral to let him know, that th; y h.ad concluded to 
 allow him a (juiet trade .it l.abatac'ca, except at ludi 
 times as they Ihould come to lurprile the (amc. 
 They likewile dcliixd him not to take oHence, if their 
 boats learch his, to lee if they ainilid their eneinief. 
 This he took very ill, and to' prevent (uch intoiive- 
 niei.ties, propoled to trade only at I'ulow.iy and 
 Hulorin, provided they would p..y him wdiat di tits 
 Nera and Cumber owed him, amounting to i .• or 
 i-^co dollars : they promifed 10 pjve an .anfwer the 
 next day ; and in the niorninp-. Van Hergd brought 
 him word, that he might trade at Labatacea. Oiuhe 
 jilt, having gone there to foiwaid buCtncfs ; abcnit 
 fupper time. Van liergd and Samuil King came on 
 board. As they defiled to (peak with him in priv.itc, 
 he went with tliem into his cabin j where, ai'tiT 
 many compliments, they delivered him a noti- from 
 the viccadmiral, inifiorting, that he would allow the 
 Kn;Milh lih-rty to trade, but not to carrv victuals 
 and amnuiiiition to the people, whom he held lor 
 enemies: alio, that he iti|iiiicd their boais thoulJ 
 pat's by his ihips to be liarched ; that olhcrwile they 
 ihould be le.uchc.l bv force, and both (liip and goods 
 coiifire:itid. The conimander anl'.vered, that he 
 would fidlow his commerce ; and tli::t if the otlier 
 injiired him, it would fall heavy i:|"ii him: that he 
 had fome rice il ill todit'|iafe of, and intended to tell, 
 if they did not obltrud him. That for ammunition, 
 he had in his fliip not above twenty hand-guns, be- 
 longing to fonie poor men; the tale of which he 
 neither could, ot would prevent, except they would 
 7 buy 
 
 »^cS. 
 
Vh 
 
 V O Y A <; E S OF T ir F F. K G I, I ;WI 
 
 iflQi) 
 
 I 
 
 buy thorn, in which rnfc thry Ainulil hnvc them nt a 
 reuldiubic piiiL'. That at to fuhniitling to tlicii 
 Ararch, he could not do it without becoming a traitor 
 to his princf ( and that he would hn/.ard both life and 
 fortune, rather than his intecrity (hould be cnlUd in 
 
 Siurrtion at his return to Kii;;land. On the ad of 
 'une, he Cent the vice-admiral and council, a few 
 ines upon the fame occafion, by AuguUinc Spaldinj;, 
 fcflcing an amicable agreement. Next day, hf 
 fcceived a note from the Dutch, who infild'il on 
 continuing their fcarch ; and offered to buy the 
 hand-gun<, bm would not permit the rice to l>c 
 carried. 'I'o which he returned by the mcllcngir, the 
 following anfwer. 
 
 " The Vice-Admiral, M. Simon Johnfon Ilocn, 
 fcc. of the Dutch fleet, may picafc to know, iliat to 
 the end to take away al! caufe of quarrel from them 
 to us, and ftiew the world our honi'lt caufe, and their 
 wilfulnefs : whereas they will not permit my rice to 
 be carried to Puloway, I will likcwifc therein con- 
 fent to them, upon condition that thi v will revoke 
 their fuppoli'd learcli i and to the end, they (hall 
 have fome fccurity for the pirformance, I will pafs 
 my yet uiifiirirted word : or if that (through your in- 
 credulity) be not fulficitnt, mine oalh unto your de- 
 puties, or yourfelves, generally at pliafuie, to the 
 fame effeit. But if herein you will not (through de- 
 fire of quarrel with the Kn^lilh) confent rt> my rca- 
 fonable requelt, then be pleafed to know, that I will 
 (end it at what price or hazard focver. Concerning 
 our ammunition, I write nothing ■, your purpofc of 
 hi:ying the fame being prcvcjitioji to your doubts, 
 which I pray let be done fpetdily for ynur own fatis- 
 faftion. l"hus I commit you to the Almighty, 
 who profper your honelt proceedings, as I wiTh to 
 mine own. )• rom aboard the Heflor, in Banda, this 
 jd day uf June, 1609. Wiiliam Keeling 
 
 They fent him their laff refolution at night (ha 
 ing called four cc'uncils thereupon) which was, that 
 they held their determination for the fearch. On 
 this, the commander confidering their intentions, 
 nnd that the lealt violence would caufe a total 
 brcich ; that, in fuvh cafe, fixty-two men could 
 have no chance againfl a thoiifand, or more, and that 
 their (hip and gixJs would be in great danger, or at 
 Icaft be hindered in loading fnices, their fort com- 
 manding all, he therefore yielded, as by conftraint, 
 to the li^arch. The 5th he went with the la(l of his 
 rice to Puloway, the Dutch having lent on board, 
 and fenrched, to their gi''at vexation : notwithdand- 
 ing which, thefhip at Lantor beckoned, and called 
 them on board; herefufing, they faid they would fire; 
 but they thought better of it. On the 14th, going 
 to Labatacca, he bought fome fpice, and put off fonie 
 cloili. On the twenty-fourth, he went to Cumber, 
 whence he (lowed eieycn fuckles of mace. Hf went 
 to Lantor the next morning to recover fom; debts, 
 which were denied him. The 26th, he fent his great 
 boat for' Puloway, and wenti himfclf to Labat.-ic:;a, 
 whence he (lowed two fuckles of mace : next da) 
 the boat returned, with fpice from Pulowav. 1 he 
 Javaiis began to confer with the Dutch. The 29! h 
 he went to Cumber, whence he (lowed fourteen fuc- 
 kles of mace. The ift of July he went thither 
 again to account with the debtors. 'Che 2d, the 
 Dutch (with all the (Irength they could raifc, leaving 
 the (hips and fort weakly manned) went and took 
 Labatacca, ^\herc they kifled fixteen or tAeiitv per- 
 I'ons, and burned the towns, bringing awii; pots and 
 pans. — He fent to Cumber on the 4th, but oni; of his 
 (luzarats advifed him to go thitiier no mure, becaufc 
 6 
 
 * " The c.immamler, Mr. William Keeling, itiav picafc to 
 know, that it h^th 1)cen, Iiy our deputies, otf ercd to lnm, that 
 if he thf.uj;ht j^ood to traniter over to us, the dchis remaining 
 among the ]3an<lanirc<>, and then \\itlt fricndfliip withdraw 
 from the road with hi^ flilpb (which himfclf heretofulc hath 
 paitiv made mention of to foine of us) we are relolvcd to deal I 
 witli iiiiii ill that Lthalf : and allhuugli this icafunabic propuUI | 
 
 they (1, jicited he held inti lli(>en< e with ilie ]1iiuh. 
 
 I lie lOth, before .lay, ihe IJ,itih, with tluir w h«de 
 power, went to get eallward, and then huimd (. »i;- 
 ral boats, and returning to lake Sahinu., tluy were 
 thereat much ftiifc about landin;-, not h ho (liquid jio 
 foremol), but who Oiould Hay li'inj;ill un linard ; by 
 which, and other mifconduci, thiy were re| ullul w iili 
 the loll of fix men, befides many hurt, aiiiiinr wli> m, 
 the governor, Mr. J.icnb de Bitter, behaved hraslv. 
 Afterwards, Matthew Porter, 'vith others, goiii on 
 iliore, one lent thccoinmandei wotd by hiiii, that the 
 Dutch defigncd to fei/,e him, af> 'd, iicd him to louk 
 well to himlelf, and the (liip ; the reafoii ihrv alledgeil 
 for this was, that the two picceding nigiits, iht- 
 Kngli(h made figns (which were anfwered by tlir 
 pcopk from (hore) of the Dutch preparation ti. 
 land. 'I'hc 17111, the Dutch feut Van Hcrgel and 
 Samuel King on board the Kedior, rc<iuelling to 
 know when the commander intended to dep.iit. As 
 he was delayed at Puloway, he could not faiish- 
 them : then offering to make good all liis dehts if !)_• 
 would he gone fptedily, he refulifd, f.iyiii!:, that tlw 
 company would not teel fo fmall a lols ; iind that Iv 
 could not anfwer Itich dtfertion nt home, cfpeci.iHv 
 after having (laid till his lading was ie:iily. ■('Iiey 
 had likewile fome talk toncerning the preiend-J (ii-- 
 nals above-mentioned; atlirmuig th.it the F.iielilh 
 made thcin two nights together, that mr.ny 1! puii- 
 tions were taken on this ; alio, that one ol his nu i>, 
 w.is in their fort the d.y hefo:c. lleini; i!lk. d, whv 
 they made figns to the country, he aiilwereil, ili„t tluy 
 had reaUin fu to do, (iiicc tlic coiintiy w.is l.i iiiiicii 
 indebted to them, and the Dutch gave tlieiii all tin- 
 obllrudion they could. The coiniiiander, provoked 
 at their behaviour, alio defied tliem to piuvu wli.--t 
 they had alledgcd, and bade them go on then oivn w.iv. 
 However, that he might take i.H all grouiiJ of le li- 
 cion, he offeicd to go to Laboan Java, wliiie lie could 
 neither know any thing of tlicii motion.', nor make 
 (igns to prejudice them. On the 2bth, in the ;'lier- 
 noon, the Dutch fent m.'iy of their cheis 011 
 board him, who, at full, demanded kindly, WiieiheT 
 he continued in his former deierniiMatum of l.iJiii' 
 there ? Having anfwered, that he did, iliey JelireU 
 him to refolve to depart in lrieiulih:,i ; he replieJ, 
 that now fpice was ready, he hoped to t.et a a ay in 
 twenty days. They delivered him a letter from theif 
 Vice Admiral and Council,* to whuli they I'ubjjineJ 
 the loUowing remonftiancc. 
 
 " On the iKth of April, the worntipful Ai\- 
 miial Peter Williamfon Van Moef, li.iviiie, anchored 
 with his fleet, in the illand of Banda ; aiul there be- 
 ing informed by the merchants ol the uiiiii.d K.iit 
 (ndia company, that tlicy were, by the inhabitants it 
 Banda, daily ilraitened and molellcd ; and alio foine- 
 times dil'poflelled of their cloths and nierelundilV, 
 which they took at fuch rates as they plealeJ, pav- 
 ing for them when, and in what inanner thev th(iu;;ht 
 proper; whereby they lucanie indtbted tu the I'.U: 
 India company, above 20,000 rials of eight, with- 
 out intention to difchargc the fame. And farther, 
 that the people had lived in a very doubtful litiia- 
 tion, being daily in fear, led they (lioiild work their 
 dcdruftion, ns they ilid hut a few au'o, hatini; mur- 
 dered our merchants, ami by force tukc olheI^ ; and, 
 according to their cuAoni, mailc hcat.iens of them. 
 
 " Therefore the admiral aforcfaid, was moved by 
 all friendly means, to biiilil .. caftle or forlrcfs, tliat 
 the people and merchandili: might rell in better fc- 
 curity, both againil thePortugueic, and all other eiio- 
 mies ; which, by moft of the chief Oiancayas, w.is 
 conlented to, and on this have we proceeded to ered 
 
 a for- 
 
 is hy us made to him, to avoid nuarrcl, yet ha:h tiic cnmmandcr 
 aforcfaid 'cttifcd to accept the lame; nntwillilUndiii)^. we liit^ 
 fufficii-nt ocealion ti> command him, wi:h hi^ l.iiil Iliiiv.iD wnh- 
 draw troni diis (load and our fleet, ot - t-t the re.ic!i ol the t'or- 
 trefs of Ntlfau. And that the commaii-VT may ui:d. rlland the 
 reafon which moved ui lu the fame, vvs hive at larj^u iem<aQ< 
 lliaieU die fauii;." 
 
 H 
 f 
 
to OtJINEA AND THE EAST INDli. S. 
 
 i»s 
 
 • forJrcfi, which bting ahout half fiiiiflu.l, thi- Ail- 
 miral Viin HiK-n abovilaid, prdciinJ a cinivcniidii nl 
 the chief (Jf:itic;iya'i, ;iiiil cuuruil nt the iflu of 
 }|,inda, to Mici't liiiii aiiil ntlurs nt the rmincil, at 
 Ratu, thereto havceiitcrcil into a fiiiiully treaty ami 
 agieement with them, to which ctliCl, the aihiii- 
 ral iioiiuiialii.1 the fifcal, or jullice of the fleil, hi - 
 fliles others uf gooil accutiiU, as hoOage^, to toiuiinn' 
 at Keyacca, that thiy might, with Ul's f>.ar or re 
 ftraiMi, coiiK- to lucei hiiii. 
 
 " Accoriliiiyly, the aJiniral, witli fivcral of his 
 routicil, ami a company of foldicrs, the 72d of May, 
 161J1), came to Ratu, the appoiiiteil place of con- 
 vention. Being there, a IS.imlaneIc approacheil him 
 out of th" wood, who told him, that the Oran- 
 cayas, and nllier chiefs of the i(li>, were near at 
 hand in the wur, !-, but were fo fearful of the fol- 
 diers, that they durft not come to him i and then. fore 
 prayed him anil his council to come to them, which 
 they accordini;ly did, leaving hi , foldiers at the place 
 of rcnde/.vous, and being entjred amongll them, found 
 the woods crowded with arimd blacks, 15aiulanefe, and 
 Orancayas, who inUantly furrounded them, and 
 without much conference, treacherouflv and villain- 
 oufly mad'acrcd them, giving each of our chiefs not 
 Icfs than 20 wounds. I'his (tratag.iii having fuo- 
 ceciled, they prcfently ad'aulted the coni|aiiy of f<d- 
 Hiers, intending to have ferved them the l.inic i but 
 they partly in tear, and fulpccling Come treachery, 
 having kept upoi\ their guard, emountercd the enemy, 
 who at length, betook themfelies to their belt refuge, 
 with the lolsof fomu of their chiefs, and fo fled to 
 Cayas, and there had murdered the tifcal, or juibiee 
 aforefaid, with the rcll of the hoUages, behde.-. di- 
 vers of our people, who were walking into the woods 
 to gather cocoa-nuts j infomuch, that on this occa- 
 fioii, ibove 40 of our people were murdered by the 
 Dandancfe, contrary to their oaths and proniifes ; 
 which ailion provoked us to take all pi (lible reveiu.e 
 againft thofe treacherous and inhuman illaiideis, ,uu] 
 urge us to profccutc the prel'ent bloody war." — They 
 conclude thus : 
 
 " We, by virtue of our commiflion and patent of 
 his princely excellency, order the Knglilh com- 
 mander to withdraw with his (hip our of our road and 
 fleet, and beyond the reach of the artillery of the 
 fortrefsof Nailau, within the fpace of hve days, after 
 the date hereof : and iualmuch as we have conquered 
 by force of arms the iflaiid of Nera, we alio claim and 
 hold the roads belonging thereto, as the road of La- 
 batacca, ^e. to be under our command, and will not 
 permit any (during our war with the IJanJaiiefe) to 
 anchor there. 
 
 " Accordingly it is ordained, and abfolutcly rc- 
 folvcd upon by the vice admiral, and the refidiie of 
 the council, in theftiip of Hollandia, in the road of 
 Danda, the 2!Jthof July, 1609. 
 
 " Simon Jahnfon Hoer, Jacob dc ISithrr, Henry 
 Van Bergel, John Cornelilon Wytt, William Ja- 
 cobfon, Simon Martens, Rul;>er I'omaireii, Mar- 
 lahcn, l6c(), William Vandervort, alias Secret." 
 
 The admiral briefly anfwcred to their remonllrance 
 by word of mouth, That he could notjuftify his de- 
 parting in fiieh a manner, his lading being then ready ; 
 and that unlefs he was otherwife commaiivled than by 
 Words, he would ride there till he was laden, which 
 would be witliin 25 d.-.ys at firthelf. They alledged. 
 That this their notification to him was fulhcieiit ; to 
 which he replied, That rafli men often threatened to 
 do, what they durft not for their livfs perform. Hi" 
 fired five parting guns. The Kjlh he fent his flcift' 
 for I'liloway, to lock out for a road there. Van 
 Bergel coming on board to fcarch the boat, the 
 commander delired him to tell the vice-admiral, that 
 he would leave a factory at Pulmvay in cafe of con- 
 ftraint, and that without conllraint he would not de- 
 part iVom th:nce. The 20th, about one in the morn- 
 ing, the (kilK returned from Piiloway, without any 
 account of the debts or inventory of good?, which 
 was the principil caufc of his wriliii;;. He (who 
 
 Vol. I. N' j2. 
 
 was f nt on the nu fl'i;;i 
 pi Dpie were willing tn 
 15 or 20 d.iys( .uul 
 "iiloway. 
 
 ) br"u-l't »M'iil only, tl. t il,- 
 My ihiir ill Ills if b" colli ' (1. y ' 
 oH'ertd him tluir belt roa.l at 
 The iJiiteh ,ilur tlii^ianie lo fonie aj;rie- 
 mi'iit with him for the time of f.s ll.iy, ai.il liu llir 
 ill bis : to uliich he was invited In ihi' moiilnon, .iiul 
 till- trade nhieli he already h;i.!. 'I'iie firll of Augiid, 
 pi.ue was pri claimed betwixt the Dutch .inJ thp 
 illaiidiT-, vvhiih \\a« a nul.ii'ihidy arvm. nt of (hi? 
 I'lil 1 way men's bre;;kiiigv.'iili il,' I ji!-;lifli. I iie Diilch 
 feiit the cumniander a Uuer of credit, li.r diiihai;;- 
 im; the debts left at B.iiula, payable at lljntam, iiiij 
 th.it e\i.ning firid no Ids tliaii 150 ['iins lur joy 
 of the pcaic. L'pon the governors tained intriaty 
 h- wi lit to ficth' butch fort i it was mounted wli'l 
 ,i 1 pi ces of oidiiance, of wliiih ei ;,ht wi r/ very ^I'ud 
 brais di.nii-caiinons. The I4>h, having lent hisboic 
 (o fetch away ';ood>, tli'.re reiui ii'.-l with it a f.ri.uil. 
 of N.K hada < iii/arat, by whom he undeillood, that 
 the I'uloways were'rilidved not to Lt him have .my 
 more fpice, except llniie Hi lie to ;;lijiV over iheir fi- 
 laey to the l\iii;lilh ; therefole he lu.t his boat fur 
 Brown, and lirid five guns to warn his people oit 
 board: the idaiulers n.;t peiceiving that he wasol- 
 feiuled at their ill-dealinijs, Atler the fecond I'um- 
 mons, Brown came, but without Spaldinj, whom 
 th.-y would not p.irt with till the coinm:iniIi.r went on 
 dioie; therefore he Hood .iLViin to the laftsv.ird, near 
 tile town, and the king of Macallar came on board 
 him, bringing Spalding, and the thrie Dutch on 
 board, 'I'he loih he \vei,;hed a h.ilf hundred by his 
 ordinary B inda beam, and it weighed nine cattis and a 
 half; which it appears that tlu catti weighs l\\e 
 pound f lurteen ounces and a hall", avoirdupois. Mu 
 weighed alfo thefingle catti, which made live pounds 
 fourteen ounces and a hair', avoirdupois. The iith, 
 they anchored near .Macallar, upon Celebes, being vei y . 
 defirous tog) thither, in hopes, as he was in informeif, 
 of getting cloves there in exchange for cloth. The 
 i2ih, having ftnt hisfkitF armed, to enquire where- 
 abouts they were, he found, that M.caflar was y t 
 half a day's fail to the north, and that three months 
 before, a Duleh lliip was loft in fight of the town ; 
 upon which report, they gave over thedifign of going 
 Ihiilier. 'i'he 21ft they 1 nehoicd before Jaccatr.i, 
 where they found the Banda, and Enkliuilen, two 
 Dutch ihips, whi.h broutht the I'.nglifli in the 
 Hope and their gouds from Aiiiboyn.i, hiving arrived 
 eiglit days before. 'I'hc 261I1, coming ne.n ti'.e point 
 of Bantam, they itiet a praw u ith Ralph Hearnc, feiit 
 by Mr. John Saris, who had icady J+Hi bags of pep- 
 per. H.iving got betimes in i he load, S. ins came on 
 doard the Heilor in a Dutch boat. On the 23d the 
 commander having; taken in .[OCO bags of pepper, 
 propofed leaving a factory, which was confented to. „ 
 'I'he 27lh he appointed a factory at Bantam, adign-jj'"- 
 ing the faiSor AuL,uftine SpaKliiig 50I. fterling a year j 
 and the reft per montli as folio,, s : I'rancis Kelly, fur- 
 geon, 45 Oiillings; John I'aifons jo lliillin^'S, Ro- 
 bert Neal, 21) Ihillings, Aiigulline Adwcll, 24 ilul- 
 lings J lOtheldrcd I.ampre and \\'illiain I')river 20 
 fhillings each; William \V'ilfon, 22 ftiillings a 
 month; William l.amwrll and Philip Badnedg 16 
 niillings each ; I'lancifeo Domingo 20 Ihillings ; 
 Juan Sevron, and Adrian, Mr. Towcrfon's boy, 10 
 Ihillings eacli a month. He alio hired fix perfons to 
 gowiiii him to England. The fecond of Uiitoher 
 the commander took his leave of the governor, anil 
 defiled his favour to the faClor, which he proiniled 
 with much ftiew of fincerity. 
 
 Karly on the 3d he wentonjioard in order to put to 
 ff.i. 'I'he firft of November, having in 24 days run 
 about 250 le.igiies from Bantam, th. y were in 25 
 dcgices fouth latitude, the lucdle varying 24 degrees. 
 The 29th they had all day a Urong gale of wind, 
 which, tow a|■d^ night, prow ,1 a llorm at weft foiith- 
 wcft from the northward, and put them to try their 
 main courfe, continuing all nir.ht, .ahd the next day. 
 On this occafion (as often before) they found the 
 obfcrvation really to be true. That is, generally 
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 (716) 872-4503 
 
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JOG 
 
 VOYAGES OF THE ENGLISfl 
 
 I*)'!! \vlii:n .inv c.irtfily wind comes about to ihc north- 
 > ' w'.uil, it' it iinppciis to rain, prcfcntly veering rounJ 
 to tlic weft-foiith-wcft, it there fettles. They win 
 in tliiity-two dtgrecs and a half fouth, wlien tl.e 
 ftorm took them, and had about thirty degrees 
 variation and upwards. On the 8th of Ueceniher, 
 early in th: morning, they fell in with Tierra de 
 N.ital, fix leagues oft" to the weft, where tlic 
 v.iriation was about eight degrees and a half. They 
 were at noon in thirty-one degrees twenty- fevcn 
 minutes Iniiiudc, (tandlnp; louth-louth-eaft, wind at 
 fouth-wift, undci low faiU. They met a Dutchman, 
 and undcrllood by liiin, that the Erafnius, (a ftiip 
 of t!ie fleet, which left liantam at the commander's 
 firll arrival there, in the Dragon) being very leaky 
 at fca, all] left by the reft, fteered for the ifland 
 Mauritius ; and tliere unl.uliiig, kft the goods, 
 with tvvcny-fivc perfnns to gu.^.rd the fame, till they 
 fllouKi !h iViit for i the reft of her comp.uiy bein;; 
 now in this fliip. He faid at Mauritius, tliere vure two 
 haven', one called the north-weft, lying in fome- 
 what Kfs than twenty degrees; the iouih-enft, in 
 twenty degrees fii'.cen minutes. That all kinds of 
 refreftiment-. were there to be had, as fifli, with a 
 number of fowls ; here were ho<TS alio, and the 
 place was very heahhful. 'I'hat the illaiid was between 
 thirty and forty K.i;;ues in circuit : ;:n(l the variation 
 there iwenty-one degrees norih-wefling. 
 
 On the J2d, they were in the latitude of tliirty- 
 fi.'e degrees, twenty-eiglit n,inutL-s, and within fevin 
 leaj'ursto tlie fi<iith-eiift ot C'tipe de- Ajiuillns, which 
 role like two ifles ; but coming more athwart, it 
 appeared like three illands) two bavs to the north, 
 making three periiiieuous points, low, and feeming 
 loiind ; ihey founded about kven in the evening, and 
 liad fevenlvfiven fathoms water, oozy ground, being 
 fouth fjl the (horc, fi\c le.'.gues at mort : they 
 obfcrvod the fun's fetting, and Iniind fniall variatitui, 
 having twenty-eight degrees and a half fouth of the 
 weft Azimuth j their latitude being about thirtv-five 
 degiees twcnty-fix minutes. On the 23d, they 
 iVivied all ni:;ht weft-by-nortb, and wtft-north- 
 v/eft, w.th a frtfti caftrrly sale; and in the morning, 
 failed in fight of the land, which was high, about 
 
 11 eight or ten leagues diftam. Abou 
 were near thr Cape of Good Hope, h 
 
 ut noon, thff 
 
 having r»:ii b:- 
 
 tween it and Capj des Aguillas, in feventien Ijours. 
 
 They werV w ithin three leagues of the .Sugar Loaf, 
 and ftood oft" and on all night. On the 2Slh, they 
 received by the Dutch boat, fix flicep (the fatteft the 
 authjr ever law) from the illand ; the tail of one 
 of them, was twenty-eight inches broad, and weigljcJ 
 thiity-five pounds. The comnrander alf.i bought of 
 the Dutch, amain top-fail, (« hich his (hip was in 
 great want of) they were very ready in other rifpeits, 
 to tupply his wafils. He look fat llieep Itft In I'en- 
 guiii Ill.ind, and left lean ones in their loom : he Kftji 
 note alio there of his nriival, and the ftaic of his 
 comp.iny, as others had done before. On the itih 
 of Januaiy, in the morning, his (liip wat 
 und.i fail homeward. All the time he llaid tliere, 
 the wind had been weflerly.and foulherly : an<l 
 the two former times, that he was there, at 
 till' fame feafon, it blew eafterly and was very 
 ftormv. On the 2Cth, tl-ry p:iftcd the Tropic of 
 Capricon, about noon. The ])uleh came and fup- 
 pid «ith him, and he fired iliree parting .guns. 
 On the 30th, before day, tluy faw St. Helena, 
 having (teered fixty-fix leagues well in that l.ititudc. 
 
 I'll y anchored on the norih-utft fide, a mile from 
 fllore, nnrth-weft from the eh.ipel, in t«cnty-two 
 fathoms, findy giiuiiid. On the 16th of February, 
 they l.r.v the illaiul of A(cenfi(>n, feven or eight 
 leagues well-fuiith-weft fioni them. On tlic aHth, 
 in tlic mr-rning, the wind being pretty fair, they 
 fteered v.'ith the Dutchmen. On the loili of Alay, 
 they h.id veiy fair weather, wind foiiih-weft, 
 latitude forty-nine degrees thirteen minutes. Next 
 day, betimes in the niotning, the w ad came at 
 fouth, and blew a hard ftoim, which put them into 
 tluir fore eouife. At night, ihcy Ipokc with a 
 I.iibrcktr, who told ihein, that Scilly boic caft-by- 
 iiorth from thun, thirty-eight Dutch miles. They 
 gave him notice of the diftreffid fhip. On llie 
 gth, in the morniiif, they had beaehy land to 
 the north-norlh-eaft, thri-c le.nues diilanlj unJ 
 about fun-fet anchored in the Downs. 
 
 THE VOYAGE of CAPTAIN DAVID MIDDLETON, 
 TO BANTAM and'the MOLUCCAS. 
 
 MR. David Middlcton was Captain of the 
 Confent, one of the three (hips belonging to 
 Captain Kccling's fleet : but fetting out firit, and 
 not meeting with fhc other two at the place of 
 rendezvous, went on, and pcrfoimcd the voyage 
 alone. The Confent was a (hip of 150 toi.s ; 
 and failed from the Hope, on the 12th of March, 
 i6c6. 
 
 On the 16th of July, 1607, they anchored in 
 the bay of Saldanna, all their men in good health ; 
 only Peter Lambert, the day before, was killed by a 
 fall from the tnp-maft head. On the 21ft, the 
 captain and niafter went to Penguin illand, three 
 Itagiics diftant from the road, where they faw .m 
 amazing quantity of feals and penguins. Here hav- 
 ing bought fomc cattle,, and refrefhed, about four in 
 the moining, with very little wind, they left the 
 road of Saldanna, their men being in very good 
 hcalih. They were loth to depart without the- com- 
 pany of their admiral and vice-admiral : but not 
 being certain of their arrival there, diredlcd their 
 coiirie fcr St. Lawrence. 
 
 On tiic 27th of Auguft, the wind being at 
 norih-wcft, they ftee(i,'d caft-by-1'uuth, and ai two 
 
 o'clock, faw the land of St, Lawrence, or Madagaf. 
 car, about, fix leagues oft"; then bearing notth-by- 
 wcft, at noon they obfervcd the latitude to be 
 twenty-four degrees forty minutes ; and the variation 
 at night, fixteen degrees twenty-three minutes. 
 On the 30tli, at five in the afternoon, they anchored 
 in the hay of St. Auguftine, in fix fathoms and a half, 
 large gravel. They were forced to go to leeward, 
 being to roomwaids of the road, before they could get 
 in, by rcafon of a great breach that lies oft" the bay^ 
 and then came in clofe upon a track, having had 
 (even, fix and five fathoms all i.e w,iy. On the 31ft, 
 the Captain, with Mr. Davis, went in their Irng 
 boat to view the idands; and the author as they 
 went, founded clofe by the beach, and had fix 
 fathoms. One of the illands is very fmall, like a 
 bank of fand ; the other about a mile in length, and 
 h.ilf in breadth. There is nothing upon either, but 
 a little wood in the latter. On the iH of Sep- 
 tember, they icmoved three leagues from their firft 
 place, within two miles of the mouth of the river, 
 and rode in five fathoms and a half, very firin around. 
 It being very foul where thry ri.de luforc, they 
 broke one of thcit cables in weighing. On the i7ih, 
 
 hiivinjj 
 
TO GUINEA AND THE EAST INDIES. 
 
 having provided wochI and water, in tlic morning 
 about five they dc|i:irtLj with a plcafant gale, at cift- 
 by-nortli. Coniini; out, they ileered well and weft- 
 by-north, till thty were clear of the bleaches. 'I'hiy 
 brought to fea willi them, four goats, three (hcep, 
 and a young hicfcr. 'I'hcy found there great plenty 
 both of flieep and beeves, for a Imall value. This 
 Jay, about three miles from the ifland, before the 
 bay of St. Augudine, tlicy obfervcd the latitude 
 twenty-three degrees forty-eight minutes. After they 
 were clear of the breach, which lies to the northward 
 of the iflc, they fteered away fouth-fouth-wcft, and 
 fouth-hy- weft ; fometimes they had very fair weather, 
 and a pleafant gale at foutli-eaft-by-caft. On the 
 nth, having a frefli g.de at fouth-eaft, .Tnd louth- 
 by-caft, they ftooJ towards the fliore till midnight, 
 and then faw a great breach, right-a-head, clofc hy 
 them, but having thc.furf before they faw it, they 
 tacked, and ftixjd ofF again prcfently. At noon, 
 they found the latitude twenty-five digrecs twenty- 
 two minutes. On the I7.th of Nomuber, in the 
 morning, they faw an ifland, and bearing with 
 the north-fidi', found it to be Ingana. It is about 
 five leagues in length, Ivingeaft-by-fimth, and weft- 
 by-north. The eallcrn end is the highi.ll land ; and 
 the weftern full of trees : Its latitude is five degrees 
 and a half, the variation four degrees, thirteen 
 minutes. Having the wind at wcft-north-weft, they 
 proceeded without ftopping, calf-by-louth, and 
 eaft-fouth.-eaft, a pleafant gale, but very much rain. 
 On the 13th, in the mornin^^, they had fi^iht of Su- 
 matra, about four leagues diftant. Saturday, the 
 14th, they anchored in JJantam road, about (our in 
 the afternoon ; where they found the merchants in 
 health, and all things in good order. Next day the 
 captain went on fliore, and I'polcc with Mr. Towerfon, 
 concerning the ftiip's bufinel's, and .agreed to have 
 the iron and lead which they brought, carrii.d on 
 Ihorc : after this, having refitted their fliip, and 
 taken in their goods and merchants, they fct fail for 
 the Moluccas, where they arrived the beginning of 
 January. The reft of this month, and all the next 
 was fpent in mutual entertainments with the Spani- 
 ards, and Molucca princes. The realbn was, the 
 Spaniards durft not permit them to trade, till the 
 camp matter had given leave ; and he would not grant 
 it, unlefs the Englifti, in thofe broils betwixt him 
 and the Dutch, would do, or fecm to do them foine 
 piece of fervice, at leaft, by accompanying their 
 ihips for greater (hew : which the captain abfolutely 
 refuli^l to do, as being againft his lommiflion. In 
 the mean time, they carried on a private trade with 
 the people by night J and in the day, m.ide merry 
 with the Spaniards. In the beginning of March, 
 they were allowed an open trade : but within a few 
 days this licence was countermanded again, and they 
 were ordered to depart. .\ccordingly, Rlarch the 
 14th, they weighed anchor, and fct fail, trading a 
 little by the way. On the zjd, having entered the 
 Strelghts of Bengaya, where the capt.iin propofcd to 
 take in \^ater, there came an Indian in a praw, 
 haftily from the ifland to the fhip ; who being alked 
 the queftion, undertook to bring them to a watering 
 pl.ice, on which they ftooil over for the eaftcrn fliore, 
 and anchored about one in the afternoon, in (ixty 
 fathoms water ; where there runs a very ftrong cur- 
 rent. Here, while they were fitting out the boat 
 with cafks ; the Indian fold fome frefh fifh for China 
 dilhcs very cheap. , At night, their men brought 
 water; but had a wearilbme time of it, being five 
 miles diftant (torn the place where they rode. On 
 the 24th, in the morning, they went again for more 
 water, by d.iy-brcak, the iflanders of both fexes came 
 with above 100 praws, and brought plenty of very 
 good fi;h, both dry and frcfli ; alfo both poultry and 
 nogs, gre.at and fmall, which they fold for co.irfe 
 white cloth and China difhes, all very cheap : they 
 brought alfo plantanes, cafTida roots, and many 
 other fruits. In the afternoon, the king and the 
 captain made each other prcfcnti. Then the mcl- 
 
 fenger, and all the reft dcpnrteil. About ten at 
 night, in weigliing anchor, tlu y broke the fluoks if 
 both their ftaiboard anchors. I hen failii,. a\(;iy, 
 with very liltle wind, atl.ngth tin v nianiud tlnir 
 loiig-bu.it, and towed the flup ;ill iii.'i'. On the 
 igtii of Apiil, the king feiit one v( Kis brot!;ir' 
 .igiiin, to know whether the ca|)tain w.s willm;.; he 
 (hould come on board ; being verv defircu-. to lie bush 
 him and the ftiip; becaule he h.;d heard much of 
 Englifhin'-ii, but never f.iw aiiv. lie t. lin imt 
 him word, that he fliould tliir.k hir..i.il niiieh 
 honoured by his prefenee. Soon alter, i!ie king 
 came oil' in his taricol, rowed at Uall by i o oar^, 
 it carried fix hiafs gun>i and had on b<):i:d about 
 400 men with arms. He w:i.> attended by live c ari- 
 cols more, which had at lealt '." C 'rien in tluiii, 
 the captain having ient Frai; Ji^' !' .Uy the furgemi, 
 as a pledge, which he deniamicv. for his fecinily, lie 
 came on board : where lh>." '•aplain couiteouily re- 
 ceived, and treated him with a baniinet of 1 weeiiiitats. 
 After which, he ileinandcd what the king h.id to fell, 
 he replied, that he had pearl, torti.ile-flii.lls and 
 cloth, made in the country, (as they fuppoftd) of 
 cotton llripcd : hut as he came into that part of the 
 ifland only upon a party of plcal'ure, ; nd did not 
 think to have met with any Ihip, he hail brought 
 none with him ; yet that if the capt'.in pleated to go 
 to the town, which was about a day and a nights 
 failing thence, he ftiould fee great (juintitiesof pearl, 
 and any thing he had to li-ll ; adding, th.it becaule the 
 place was unknown to him, he would fend a pilot 
 to bring him thither. The captain and f.'.ctois, 
 upon confidering the matter, thought belt to accept 
 of the kind oiler, elpecially as it was nothing out of 
 the way to Hantani j and prcfented him a mufquet 
 aiidafrtord, with thanks for coming on hoard. The 
 king made anfwer, that he had not any tliinj then 
 about him, worth beftoning on the captain, but 
 that he would requite his kindnefs before his depar- 
 ture ; and in the mean time, intieated him to acecpt 
 of two pieces of cloth, which he received with many 
 thanks : about three in the afternoon, the king took 
 his leave of the captain, promifing prefently to fend 
 him a pilot, who accordini^ly came on board ; and 
 at night, fent a caricol to frc if they wanted any 
 thing, and to bear them company, with ' boat for 
 the captain. 'i'hen they flood away with a fmall 
 gale; but at night it was calm, and the tide againft 
 them : fo they came to anchor in twenty-two fathoms 
 water, and in the morning weighed again On the 
 2 1 ft, about ten o'clock, the purler, who had been 
 fent on (hore the day before, returned on board with 
 hens and cocoas, and told them, that the Indiana '■^d 
 carried him to the king, who was very glad of his 
 coming, becaufe he was the firft Engliflnnan he 
 had ever feen. The purfer found him drinking and 
 caroufing with his nobles, and the room hung 
 about with heads of men whom lu had flain in war. 
 After fome little flay, he took his leave and came to 
 the caricol again, on board which he lay all that 
 night. This night, the fliip anchored in twenty 
 fathoms water, the place not half a mile broad. On 
 the 2 2d, in the morning, there being very little wind, 
 ftie was towed by her boat through the ftreights, and 
 as the tide was with her, flie made fueh way, that 
 about eleven, they came to anchor in twenty-five 
 fathoms water, about one mile and a half from the 
 town, where they waited the king's coming: but he 
 came not that night. Here they lent their bo.it oil 
 fliore, and bought fifli for their company. On the 
 23d, about one In the afternoon, the king came up 
 under their ftcrn, attended by forty caricols, and 
 rowed round their ftiip, very gallantly fet forth 
 with their colours and pendants. After this, they 
 rowed towards the town, and the captain compli- 
 mented him with a volley of mufquets, . and all his 
 ordnance ) then ordering his long boat to he 
 manned, he well accompanied with Mr. Sr.ddio 
 their faflor, and his followers, went to the town. 
 The king likewifc welcgmed the captain with his 
 -. ,. . Sreat 
 
 i'.-'^ 
 
3<S8 
 
 VOYAGES OF tHE feNGI, ISIf 
 
 ibri) 
 
 past .inil fiiiall fliot, affftmin;; thit his heart was now 
 .11 reft, fiiicehc hadleen the Kiielifli, promifing todo 
 the Knglifh all the kindiicfs that lay in his power j 
 the captain having returned him ihanlcs, for that time 
 look his leave, and in the morning weighed, and an- 
 chi^red in about 2~ fathoms water, half a mile from 
 fliore. The a+th in the mornin;j; there came on board 
 a javan who had ajunk in the loail, laden with cloves, 
 (rom Aniboyna i Mr. Middlcton talked with him, 
 
 and ortercd the captain his whole carL;o. The king 
 
 invited the captain to take part of his dinner, entreat- 
 ing him to bear with the hiiniely manner of his coun- 
 try : for their meat was fcrved up in great wooden 
 platters clofc covered with cloth. The king, the cap- 
 tain, and Mr. Siddal, dined together : there was 
 plenty of victuals, their drink was very pleafant, 
 and the king was verv merry. Afterdinner, they had 
 fonie talk about the cloves they were to have had ; and 
 promifing to come onboard himfelf the next day, or 
 li.'nd fume one of his attendants, to fee a mufter of all 
 his cloth ; then the captain exprcflin"; great thanks, 
 look his leave. I he 25th the king's uncle came on 
 board to fie their Ihip, and was kindly entertained. 
 After him came the kintr's brother, and (laid to din- 
 ner with the captain, and then took his leave. I'he 
 king himlelf came not as they cxpiiSed, but fent his 
 Ion and the pilot, and had a view of the cloth, which 
 liiev liked very well. 
 
 On the 2&tli the king and his fon came on board. 
 
 and dined with the captain, and had plenty of {(ood 
 cheer J the king was very men y, .TnJ defiiuu, to fee 
 a little dancing. On this fume of th: f.iilors danced 
 before him, and he was well pleaCtl, b i.li with their 
 peiformancf and the mufic. At ni ;ht the king'* 
 uncle lent the captain four faiho'js. The 27th, t!^e 
 kingof an adj.iccnt idand c.T;nc in his caraval, with 
 his wife, and viewed their lliip, but they cculd not 
 intreat him to conte on board. Their fttiji being fully 
 laden with cloves, bought in this phc of the Ja- 
 vans, the captain purchjled fomc llaves of the kin,', 
 one of whom, while lh«y were bufy this ni^^ht, ilulc 
 out of the captain's cabin door, and Itipinj into the 
 fea fwam aihorc. Next morning the c.iptain fent 
 Auguftine Spalding to acquaint the king with it, 
 who prcfently fent him another. May the 21I, hav- 
 ing given the town a falute for a f.ircwel, t'.ieyfet 
 fail for their wifticd for port of Hantam. Tlic 3J 
 they had fight of the flreignts of Celebes. Tiie J2d, 
 they anchored in Hantam road, where they found 
 not one European ihip in the road : but tluie were 
 four junks, which came from China, with t;iH'.ita!, 
 d miartcs, and many other nierchaniiifes. 
 
 The 15th of July, i6t'H, lli: capl.iin an 1 mer- 
 clinnts, hiving difpatthed their biifmefs, tnuk their 
 leaves, and fet fail homewards to thii native coun- 
 try, where they arrived in fafely after their long ard 
 tedious voyage. 
 
 THE VOYAGE of CAPTAIN ALEXANDER SHARPEY, in i6oi. 
 
 THERE were two larje fhips employed on this 
 voyags. TheAfctnnon, admiral, commanded 
 by Alcxaneer Sharpcy ; and the Union, vice-admiral ; 
 Captain R.chard Rowles, lieutenant-general. As 
 thcliMeHlls feparatcd ne.ir the Cape of (iood Hope, 
 and the Afecnfion was caft away in the bay of Cam- 
 baya, fo they m.w be faivl to have made diflercnt 
 voyages j of whicli we meet with different relations. * 
 On the l+th of March, weighing anchor at Wool- 
 wich, they came into the downs, over-.-.gainft De.il, 
 three miles from Saiulwich, where they Ifaid till the 
 25th, and failed to I'lymouth i leaving whicli on the 
 Jilt with a fair gale, they arrived at S.dv.ages, about 
 500 leagues from thence, on the lOth of April ; and 
 next morning e imc in fight of the Grand Canaries. 
 Carting anchor the 12th at night, they fired a gun, for 
 a boat to come on board ; but the Spaniards appre- 
 hending they were part of a fquadton of 12 fliips of 
 l''leniniin;!S, who were reported to be coming that 
 wav, itiltead of fending any perfon to them, fent 
 jnto the country for a body of 150 horfe and foot to 
 defend the place ; nor could they be pcrfuadcd otlier- 
 wifc', tilltwoof the faftors went on fliore, and ac- 
 ijinintcd the Spaniards they were Englifti fliips which 
 h.ad tout hcd there only to take in fomc neccllXries. — 
 Next morning, (as the manner there is) they fired 
 another gun, and then the governor of the town lent 
 a boat to know what they wanted, which having ac - 
 c|iiaint(d hini with, the aiifwer was, that unlefs they 
 came into the road, it was not in his power to relieve 
 them. But the (adors being examined on oath, as to 
 thetiuih of the matter, had a warrant granted them 
 
 * There arc cxtint twe tccoueti of the voyige of the Af- 
 ««iificn I cine written l»v Cant. Kolicrt Covcrte, an<l the other 
 Ly I'lirimris Jvinc ; tKfitlts ctlicr fupplenicntal accounts. 
 
 t During tlic live <lay< ilic aitniital conlinueil there, fomc of 
 ihcni vveiu un linaril every ilay, anil ate and drank wiili the 
 l;'i<|^!ilhafici ihc r utvn msnou. The governor hail aiiulprcfcnt 
 
 for a boat to go on board the {hips at pleafure, and fup- 
 ply their wants. What they nioft wondered at was, 
 the behaviour of thole on hoard two fhips in the road, 
 known by their flags to he Englifh, who had not the 
 kiodncfs to apprife them of theculloms of thole lub- 
 tile covetous people, as the author calls the Spaniards. 
 On this occafion he further remarks. That if a fliip 
 lie out of the road, no perfon, though of the fame 
 nation it belongs to, fliall go on board it, without the 
 confent of tlie governor aiul eouncil.f 
 
 The i8ih of April, about I'eveii in the morning, 
 they fet fail, with a fair gale, which in three hours 
 falling, heaving to and fio till th<' uil), and then % 
 briflc wind fpringing up, the 27th, about two in the 
 morning, they anchoiid at Mayo, about 3C0 leagues 
 
 from the Canaries. They determined to take 
 
 in frefli water at a place called Uonavilla; but 
 having anchored there, they found it two or three 
 miles up in the land, and not clear ) fo that they 
 took the lefs. But there were iilhcr good commodi- 
 ties. At their arrival, they were told by two negios 
 that they might have as many goats as they would 
 gratis i and accordingly they had about 2cc, for both 
 fliips. They told them alio, that there were but 12 
 men in the ifland, and that there was great plenty of 
 fait growing out of the ground, Co that if they pleafcd 
 they might lade both their fliips. Our author fays it 
 was excellent white fait, and as clear as ever he faw 
 any in England. 
 
 I'hey came to Saldanna, with all their men in good 
 health, except two, who were touched a little with 
 the fcurvy, but foon recovered on flior*. The fame 
 
 7 J^y 
 
 of iwochecrci, a L'ammon of bacon, and five or fii lurrcli of 
 pickled fiiAer^, wliicli he accepted of veiy kliully; and in re- 
 turn, lenr them two or three g4>ats ami flictp, wiih plenty of 
 onions. Th-ieihcy took in fiefli water, canan, mariii.ilade uf 
 r|uinccs, urangci, Icniuni, rjuince^, white lircad, and uihcr 
 pruvifioni. 
 
w 
 
 jurs 
 
 the 
 
 ake 
 but 
 
 12 
 
 ty of 
 
 :afcii 
 
 vs it 
 
 faw 
 
 good 
 
 with 
 
 fame 
 
 (lay 
 
 els of 
 n rc- 
 
 itv l>f 
 l.lc of 
 
 uthcr 
 
 TO GUINEA AND THE EAST INDIES. 
 
 369 
 
 day they had figlu of the Cape of (lood Hope, 15 or 
 lO liagucs from thiiKc. At S.ilOanna iln y rifrtlhi;il 
 thiiiifclvcK cxcilleiilly well, and tonk in about 400 
 head of cattif, bcfidcs fowl;, With plenty of various 
 hfli, ami fnlli water. 
 
 At I'cnguin ifland, five or fix leagues from land, is 
 abundance (i| fowls of that name, and intinitennm- 
 bert of feaU i with ihcfe latter they filled their boat 
 twice, and ni.idc tiain oil for lamps. Tluy took 
 hence alio 20 fat Ihecp, Ult there by the Dutch, for a 
 pinnace whicli they met 200 lea;^ues from the Cape ot 
 liood Mope, and left fix bullocks in their (lead. At 
 full comiii;^ hilher, they bejan to let up their pinnace, 
 launching her the 5th of September, and in fcvcnor 
 light days after, (he was lipped and ready to fail.— 
 'I'he inhabitants of Saldann'a, are a very lieallly peo- 
 ple, efpecially in their feeding; for our author had 
 fieii thein eat llie guts and ijarbage dunp, and all i 
 nay, the feals which the L.-iiihlh had call into the ri- 
 ver, after lying there for fourteen days, they have ta- 
 ken up and caien, although they wcie putrifieil and 
 fvvarmed with magi;ots as well as ftunk ni"ll iiittdc- 
 ably, the native brought down to the (hire. Cl- 
 tnehes et;gs, anil l<)me cmply Ihells, wiih a fm.ill 
 liole ill one end ; allii feathers of the f.ime bird, and 
 porcupines quills, in exchange for their eoinmodi- 
 ties. They chiefly delire iron, elleeming old pieces 
 lit It more than eiiiier gold or (liver. On the .:nth o( 
 September eaily iluv let fail, and that niuiu beiii;,r 
 \iryilaik and windy, lo(t the Union and th.ir pin- 
 nace, c.illnl llie (lOiui Hope. About live ill the even- 
 in;; l!ie Union put out her eiifigii, to what intuit ihey 
 could not iiKaj;iiie, but all that nis;lit(he lay at hull. 
 
 They proceeded next day, and havinii; met with va- 
 rious changes of winds and often calms, October the 
 271I1 came into 26 des^ces, the lieii;ht of St. Lawrence, 
 iioKlingon their coiiife with the lame lortof weather. 
 On tlie i^d of November in the moriiiii,!T, they dif- 
 coiered two or three fmall illands; and in the after- 
 ii. mil another, called Coinora, a very highland. The 
 24th, h,u in^' fent their boat on fliore, they met with 
 f ,c or fix iiien of that country, who f>ld them plaii- 
 l.iins. The next day they fent llie boat again j but 
 a little before (he ;;ot 10 the (here, fpying a canoe, 
 with tAO men in it filhinj;, they went between them 
 and ilie fliore: however, not caring to take them by 
 foice, they (hewed them a knife or t«o, which al- 
 lured them into the boat. Tliey thin brought them 
 en boaid the rtiip, and iifcd them very kindly, giviiij; 
 one a turban to put on his In ;id, aiui to tlie otlier a 
 liill- glal^, of a (purler of a pint lull of ai]ua-vit.t, 
 .Titer wlich thev fent them on (bore. The 25th, by 
 help of their pinnace, (the wind hitherto lading) 
 « hieii tov.'ed the (hip between the two illands, adjniii- 
 iii,; t> the lliorc, tin v came to anchor in the evening, 
 in between 17 and 9.0 fathoms water. On the 26th 
 ll'.ey lint tiic.r piniiaec on (liore with a piclent to the 
 kiop', by Mr. Jo:il.in, llieir tailor, who went him- 
 lelf alone with it, leaving only a pledge or two in the 
 boat. It confilled o( a piir of knives, and a I'afli 
 wi.h a lookii;- -flat's and comb; the whole in 
 v.ilue about fiUetii {hillings. The king received 
 tcufe fometthai formally, and, fcaieely looking on it, 
 ^ave it to one ol his noblemen. However, he told 
 thi bearer, tli«i if the comm.inder would come on 
 Ih'"rc, he (houl I have any thing the country afford.'d ; 
 jnd bowed tov .itds him in a very courteous manner, 
 nt his taking Lave. It is probable, that after Jordan 
 came aw.iv, iho king cxaiiiined the prelent better : for 
 ill the afieriioon he lent the commander a very fat bul- 
 look i the meir.ngors were gratified with a couple of 
 prr.kiiiies, w.th whieli th.-y thought themfelves 
 I i.dly rewarded. N,\t d.iy the conimander went, 
 ait' iided with twcKe others, and carried a Imall 
 b.;iuniel, fuili as a box of maimalaJe, both ale and 
 (o'lic wine, (jf tin fe ihey cat bilurc the king, who 
 toiielied lu.lbinj ; but his nobK s rat and drank.—— 
 ;'.i;er the bimjuet, the commaiuler had fome dil- 
 rourfe wilh thi: king, by his ii,t"rpieter, coiicern- 
 irg till II- I', nuts ; by wliumthe Lnjjlilh uiulerllood. 
 Vol. I. N ' 32. 
 
 that the iflandcrs h.\u four I'ealings with tl.i P'TUI- 
 
 ;',iiile, of wliol.- I.in.ii.ige he coiilil Ipiak a little. i- 
 
 On the .'S;h the king had deteimincil to go on board 
 the Af(. nlioii, but Ins inleipiiii r tolJ the c<'mi-.i:!iid;r 
 iliat his I ouncil and common people would ii"t Hitler 
 him. Towards ni-jht Captain Covertc went on 
 (liore where the f.olois were cutting wood, and re- 
 luriud iMlh till- boL.t. The voih the ;iii'hiir went on 
 (Muic again, with the m.ifUr, Mr. 'liniKli, .Mr.J.'i- 
 , and all the iiunij-i lers. Tliiy wire m-m kindly 
 received at the waterfide, bv the in'' rprit' r, who 
 irought them to the kin:^;. " He wa« ih' n 11 ir his pi'- 
 .lee, {S.iys the auilior) veiy courtioultv bowed 
 liimlelf. He h.id for hi ■. guard when he walki J about, 
 fix or tight men, with knives of a tool Ioiil', a^ biojd 
 IS hati h^ls, anil Very (h.irp, who wiiit next his per- 
 iim i fivcr.il alio went beliMe, and many behind him, 
 
 lor hi; defence. " Thole people feenied tn be civ il, 
 
 kind and honelf to llrangers ; for a fnlor having Kit 
 hisfwoid behind him, one of the inh.ibit.iii's loiiiid 
 it, and hrou;'ht it to the king, who pi-rici\ ing it 
 belonftd iiifimieof ihe dr. iigers, told him, tl'at it it 
 appe.iied he came by it olherwile thin as he liitlarid, 
 he (hould be put to de.illi. Next day, .it their :;oini^ 
 on fliore, the kinf/s interpreter bmiujit the l-Aord, 
 and told them what his maiellv f'lid iipon the ocealion. 
 I'hcv feemed hkewife to h.ue a good firm of govern- 
 nieiit amongll ihem : lor at their nurting in the ni'.rn- ' 
 ing, they (hook hind-, and Ipokc to nii" anothi-r, 
 which the Englilh took for lri.;n!!v idutations. 
 They appeared \ery ii.o.kfl .Tnd flr.ot, with large 
 limbs, and of a veiy loniely appear iiiee, b ilh men 
 and women. They are Moh.iinetans in riliLjion, and 
 go almoti: naked, only ihey wear turh..n3 on th'ir 
 heads, and cover tin ir prii ities with a piic: of liiu n. 
 Tlic women wear a piece of linen before, that covers 
 thiir brealts, and reaches to the midiile j fro.-n the 
 ii'iddle, to a Irtlle heloie ih'' knees, ar.other piece Ijocs 
 lound them ; and about th.ir wai(!s f dgcs are tied, 
 like arorti, which hang dov/n, and beeoinc them very 
 well. They all go b.irc-footed except the kiii'i, who 
 wears a fort of land.ils. For his .ipparel, f.c "li;id on 
 a white wrought net cap, a fciilet \elf, with (leevcs, 
 but lool'e about him, and open before; he had alio a 
 piece of linen round his middle, and another round his 
 fhouldcrs tohis feet. When the Englifh were at the 
 tonn, they brought them cocoa-nuis, fiwlsand pro- 
 ilionsin plenty, except frefh water, which was pro- 
 cured out of the fands, in this manni r : fhcy make 
 a hole, and as fall as the water fpriog<i, they hade it 
 out into their cccoa-ftiells, and fo drink it. They 
 brought foinc to the Englifli, but none of them would 
 drink of it, it looked fothick and muddy. 
 
 They leftComora on the loth of December; about 
 two or three in the morning, they ("aw on a fudden 
 a low land, about a league oIK, with hi"h trees on the 
 (horc; had it not been for thefe they would have taken the 
 land for the (hadow of the moon, which then (hone, 
 and fo might have been call away befoie thcv per- 
 ceived the danger. This they took to be Z iiijibar, 
 till byone of the natives they were informed it was 
 l\mba', on fight of which, they prefenily tacked 
 about, and at day-break flood in again with thi fliore, 
 along which they (leered for a harbour to anchor in. 
 Meanwdiilc they fent a gang with the pinnace to feek 
 a convenient watering-place. 'Che pinnace haiinf 
 got to fliore, two or three of the inbiibit.mts demanded 
 111 I'ortugutle, who they were ? And h. ins; told, Eng- 
 liflimen, they afl^ed again what ihey hid to do there, 
 fince the ifland belonged to the king of Poriu: \1 .' and 
 were anfwcred that they knew not fo much, nor came 
 with any defign but to get water. As night came on, 
 the ho.it returned. Next day it went on fliore to the 
 fame place : but (inding no ptople returned. Soon 
 after the (hip came to an alienor, about five or fix in 
 ihci.rcn ion, near tAO or three bioken illands, clofe 
 by I'emba, in the height of five degrees 20 minutes. 
 The pinnace went on (hore on the 12th to the fame 
 place viith Mr. Jordan, where he talked with tome thai 
 fpokc Portugucfe, but fccmcd not to be the fame with 
 5 ^ the 
 
 irro 
 
 :i 
 
 ^-jiL 
 

 370 
 
 VOYAGES OF THE ENGLISH 
 
 tlic formrr : for they fitid the king wat a nobleman. 
 ' Mr. JolJ.im tolil them, that although the IWip vi-^s 
 hn^lilh, )it he was a l\'rt(i(4ue('e nurchnnt, and ihi; 
 g(KKlswtie Pdrtuguefi'. I hen they faid he Ihiuild 
 w.nit for nolliing, and »n thi:> fcnt a Mour with them 
 to look for a convenient watering jdace, who, after 
 fume little (V.^reh, brought them to a fniall hole ;it the 
 bottom of a hill, between it .ind a ditch. 'I'luv tlicn 
 c.iri'icd the Moors on board, and next day goint; ^J 
 watering, fet him on fliore. The report of his kind 
 ufagc brought down another, who could fpcak .t little 
 Portugucfc, and faid he was one of the kin;;'s gen- 
 tlemen. He alfo went on board, and wa^ well irc.ilcd. 
 At his landinii; next d:<y, he proniifcd to bring him 
 hens, coeoa-nuts and oranges, which he |Hr!ornud. 
 Captain Coverte, with the malhr, Mr. Rmt and 
 others, went on ftiore, wlare thev dined, and after 
 dinner came tnocavaliets, and a ^Iour Have, to the 
 watering-place, where the men were filling the eatks, 
 and afkei!, whether any of the chief perfons of the 
 Ihip were there ? Kdward Churchman made anfwer. 
 That the maftcr, and one of the m ■''chants were on 
 lllore, whom, if they pleafed, he would bring to fjH'ak 
 
 fj'ui 
 other after thi 
 
 lalutcd each 
 
 - ^, they 
 
 Purtugueli; fafliion. Aftcr.fomc dif- 
 cnuife, the Moors demanded who they were .' And 
 Ixing tnld Englifhmon, that they were welcome, and 
 that all which the ifland aftordeil was at their com- 
 mand. The En;ilifli returned hearty thanks, but 
 foim found h'W little acknowledgment they delerved. 
 They demanded in their turn, who the others were .' 
 It was aiifvvered, that one of tlum was the king's 
 brother, » ho inflanily (hewed them a filver rin;r, on 
 which were cngraied the number of \illages and 
 houfes in the ifland, and faid hi' was i.'o\ernor of all 
 thefe places. Then the I'.iiglilh alked them wliethcr 
 there were any Portuguefe ni the illand .' They faid, 
 No i for that they had baniftied them, bccaufe they 
 would have relief by force, and would make flavts 
 of the people, which not being able to endure, ihcy 
 h.ul continual war with them from the time of their 
 firft coming thither. In the mean time, the pinnace 
 came to them, which had been at another place of the 
 idand for cattle, according to appointment, but was 
 put of}", till they could find an opportunity to execute 
 their intended treachery. Thof • in the pinnace told 
 the reft, that they h.id heard, at the place where they 
 h.id been, that 15 fail of Dutch h.id taken Mozam- 
 bique, and put all the Portuguefe to the fword. At 
 this news (which came from /.anjibar) the cava- 
 liers fcemed to rejoice ; which was another fubtrle train 
 to bring them into the fnarc. When ni_:;ht drew on, 
 they defircd the Moors to go on board, which they 
 then declined, but promifed they would the next day. 
 Accordingly, December 17, the king's brother came 
 with the two others, havini; had 'I"honias Cave, tJa- 
 bricl Brooke, and Lawrence Pi;;ot, their fuij^eon, for 
 pledges. They were cntert.iiiied \ery haitdloniely. 
 Next morning the commander 'jave the chief two 
 goats, with a cartridge of gun-poweler, and fome 
 other trifles to the other two. MellV'-. t ./et, jm- 
 dan, Glaflcock, and the author W( nt on (horewiih 
 them for the pleelges ; and at their landing with three 
 or four more, ventured up to the lw)ule<, h litre tliey 
 found their pledges guarded by 50 or 00 men, armed 
 with bows and arrows, fwords and bucklers, darts 
 and cutlalTes J yet they were djivtied to them j af- 
 ter which they immediately depaited, accompanied 
 with the king's brother, moll nf the Moors following 
 them to the pinnace's fide j and having viewed her, re- 
 turned to the reft. The Englilh inflantly entered the 
 boat ; and at their invitation, the king's brother went 
 readily with them, where he was entcrtaincti with as 
 mueh kindncfsas before. ToAards night the m;iller 
 olfi red him a knife, with fonie ether trifles, which 
 hcleiirnfully rcfufeii, and prefently went on Ihore in 
 their boat, which gave them fome fufpiclon. On the 
 19th the long-boat went on ihore very early in the 
 morning for water; and having filled ihe calks they 
 llivv the Slip with her faiii out, being let down Co dry : 
 6 
 
 but the Moors imagining they weir going aw.iv, the 
 companion to the king's brother came to the Imat- 
 fwain, and afked the queftion. The boalfwain, a« 
 well as he could, both by figns and olhcrM ile, hi 
 him kne.w, it was o. '_, to dry the failf. While thev 
 flood talking, they perceived the pinnace comin.", be- 
 ing then very well aimed, and left off' niakini; aiiv 
 farther enquiiy. Had not the pinnace appeared, it 
 was believed they then intciuled to have lut i.|f iheir 
 men, and taken their boat ; for two of them lay lon- 
 cealed about the walcriii'j-pl.ice, ready to have inado 
 the onftr, if the watch-woid h.id been gu en. i he 
 pinnace being come on Ihoie, and the men fhindinr 
 upon theirgiiard upon the fai:J>, the milter f n: Ni- 
 cholas White to tell thofc <.f the ifland, that their 
 merchants were landed. Wliitc p;iHiiig by cue of 
 their houfes, pcrci'td it to be full of pee.ple, .an^l 
 amonglt the lell fix Portuguel'e. Prefently alter, the 
 e ompanion of the king's brother came, and tnUl .Mr. 
 Revet, lliat the mcreliants of llic ifland were wenrv, 
 and therefore defircd the Englifh to go up to thi m, te> 
 
 lee the cattle. While only (aw one bullock. 
 
 Hut Mr. Revet defircd to be excufoel, and iieflril him 
 to fend down the bullock, (.lyinij, theie were poods 
 enough in the boat to pay for it. ' With this aiiiwer 
 he was tent away. '1 he king's brother bein;; t!un 01* 
 the fanils, commanded a negro to gather cocoa-nuts 
 tobefentt> the commander, and made choice of Kd- 
 waid Churchman to fetch them; w hi. m they never 
 faw mir heard of .ifier. Wlien they found none uf 
 the tnj;lifh would land, but lf>od upon the inuanl, 
 they gaie the watch-uoid ; and fouiidin.i; a hi in, prc- 
 fintly fet upon their men at the waterini;-pl.;ce, anil 
 killed John Harrington, the boatfwain's m..n, and 
 much wounded Rolieii Uuckler, whom they e, niild 
 have killed, but that being fired en by thf fhiji, they- 
 retired. Huckler, t!iou!;h weak and faint, at kncilj 
 got up to the retf, likewifi.- two or three n.oie ef '^'he 
 nun, by creeping and lying clofe in the ditch, till 
 they faw the beiat, got alfb fafc on beard. The 
 ioth in the morning, going on (horc, with ihe pin- 
 nacc and long-boat, very well arnicel, to fe-.eh in 
 their david, (which is a piece of weiod or timber where- 
 with tluy haul up the anchor) a little beu.rdit 
 found Harrington's body naked, which they buiied iil 
 .1 neighbouring ifland. At their coming te-'tliis ifland 
 fome of the naiivcs made figiis to them to beware ef 
 their throats, which they took no notice of at that 
 time. The fame day being the latli, tluy (et 
 fail, and alwut twelve at ni-ht, the fhip was o„ 
 the (hoals c.f Meliiida, or Pemba, which they « ere- 
 ne.t i^ppriled of, but got ofK .igaiii. Next mor-iiiv 
 they purfued and took three fniall boats, flijjhtiv builT 
 called Paiigayas, before another fent from land could 
 reach them. Ihcre were above ;ir perfons on board 
 the three, fix >( the chief of whom were jud-.d te> 
 be loitu-iufe, and the reft kno^n to be Mo rs 
 Ihcfe were pale and white, much dift'eiin" front hi: 
 colour ot the Moors. Yet being afked if" they were 
 .Vlriors, thry replied in the affirmative, an.l (luy ed 
 th-ir Iwcks all written uith tharactcri-. A\ inn the- 
 Knglifh infiftcd that they were Portu"i:cl"e, tiuii -ui- 
 Iwer was 'I'hat the Portii-iiefe xvcr. not eiicu'm- 
 rifed. A, tliey could n' t Hill beperfu.u.'ed to the eoi- 
 irary, fi.me ot the mariners fpoke to them ..beiut the 
 lite tieachcry and murder of their men. This feeni- 
 iiig toternfv ihem, they talked to-ether in their o-.vn 
 language, winch made the EiigliUi fufp'-a, thev in- 
 tciuled to make fome def'peratc iittempt : for ihi%' lei- 
 lon tlieEn.;lifh looked iMrctuliv to thcfw-,,J,, „.|iieh 
 lyin;; naked in the niaflcr's cabin, thev alfo had thiir 
 eyes upon them, thev likcwiCe took not'icc wh-iv Cap- 
 tain Coveitc, andMr. Glafr.ock had fee their fw. Jf 
 Hill expcdin^' when the pJaec fhouKI be clear. Tl '' 
 Capiain Coverte perceiving, kept ■-.ood watch ; anel 
 being alone on the poop, they beckoned to him thicc 
 or four times to come to them upon the (pare d. ck 
 which herefufed, for fear they fhoiild ha, r taken that 
 oppoitunity to feize thefe weapons. The maftei 
 Philip dc Grove, foon after coming upon ihc dv^k'. 
 
 al'ivcd 
 
TO GUINEA AND TFIE EAST INDIES. 
 
 ihi 
 
 ifkcd for their pilot, whom he took down into his 
 fcabin, anil flirwcil his plat, wliuh the piUit vciy 
 earni.llljr vicwul : hut ai his partin " ttmii tho nit m 
 go with thtmallir, he Ipokc in the Mooridi l.ini;u.".^c, 
 warning them (a> the kinglilh thought) to be u|n.n 
 their guiirj, ami make the all.iiilt as loon as he g.wc 
 the walth-word. As it was I'uppoCed that the (jilot 
 had a knife about him, hcuan liarched tor it, but 
 he nimbly conveyed it from one fulc to tlio other, and 
 with it fuJdtnly Ihibbcd the mall r in the helly, and 
 then ctied out, which (podihiv was the fii^'nal : for 
 they immediadely bi;^.ui theiMjct on the deck, where 
 the comnMndtr, Me(ir<!. Cihillcock, 'lindal, and one 
 or tAo more who h.ipp' ml to betheicwilh them, 
 had ihegood fortune toki" imror hve of the Moorj, 
 and made Inch ha\oek ann :i.' th( ult, that at lcn[;th 
 they had (lain almoU foity of th.in, and brouj^ht the 
 red in fubjcilum; five or fix ot them howe/er re- 
 covered a pnj^aya, by their excoedini; fwiftnefs, and 
 efcapcd to (hire J they fwimmina; to windward falter 
 than the pinnace could row after thciii. Cjlaflcock, 
 Tindal, and the nialter, were the only En;^lifliinen 
 hurt. The rtrit had two wounds, of which one was 
 deep m his bark : Tindal having had nothing in his 
 hand to defend himfelf, iliey aimed at his brealt, but 
 turning about, he received the (tab in his arm; luiw- 
 evei they all rtrovered. On the inth of Jaruiary, 
 they faw many illands, which the I'ortuguefe calKd 
 Almaifant, being n.ne in numh' r. Next ir.ornini; 
 they feiit their pinnace to one of ihe.n, to feck frem 
 water ; but though they found none, they met with 
 many land-turtles, and brought fix (Jii board. Iheii 
 they failed to another ifland, where ihcy rode in 
 twelve or thirteen fathoms water, and a tolerable 
 good harbour, where they tbund rifre(h:neiits. 
 
 Ontlieifti-i February, they let fail with a fair 
 wind till the 9th, when they p.'fled the line : and 
 on the 15th, betiaies in the morning, came within 
 fight of the coaft <if Mclinda ; ne.xt day, they came 
 to an anchor, about nine in the morning in twelve 
 fathoms water : and about two le.i.;ucs from ftiore, 
 they fiion fent their pinn.ice to feck fume icfrefhmenls, 
 but they coulil by no means land : nor would the 
 people of the country (being fearful) come within 
 fpeech of them J therefore in the afternoon, the (hip 
 departed. On the 2ift, betimes, tlicy ilefcried an 
 idand in the hcighth of twelve degrees feventeen 
 minutes, with four recks or hillocks about three 
 leagues off it. They had bore up a whole day and 
 night to get to this idand ; but (indin; it barren and 
 unpeopled, by fendi.g their fkitFoii llioir, they pa fled 
 it, and the fame day had fight of three idaiTds more, 
 about fun-fet, ftant-Ing in the heighth of twelve 
 Hcgiees twenty-nine minute. Two were within a 
 league afumler, and the third they found to be 
 Soeora, which ftanding in twelve degrees twenty- 
 four minutes. Here they arri.ed the 2glh of M.rch, 
 1609, and anchored in a fine bay the joth, about 
 ten in the morning. The iflanders having on fight 
 ol them, mad- a fire; they font their (ki(f on fiiore, 
 but the people fl'-d in great frar ; having (polTibly) 
 been formerly fome way injured by tome who had 
 pafled that way. The men finding no likelihood 
 ot relief there, returned on board, and about five 
 in I le altc'noon, the Ihip departed to find out the 
 ihief harboii. . The next day, ftand^iipj oft" to fea ; the 
 net with a (iuzarat fliip laden v.itli cotton, ca- 
 lico, &e. Sound for Aden. Hither they kept 
 h> . comp.'iiy , bct.iufe then it was a pi. ice of great 
 trade. Arr.. i.g llieie on the loih of April, Ihofc 
 of the (luzarat Piip who landed, told the governor, 
 that an En'.lifh (hip w.is come to trade there. He 
 ft.it his admiral to tlicm, and the commander iinad- 
 vif.c'ly went oil lliorc, where he and his attendants 
 were received, four ?rcat h iil'es waiting, and were 
 tarried before the governor with as much pomp as the 
 town could ;i''brd. Hui the governor finding him to 
 he 1 plain am! fimplc man, put him in a houfc with a 
 ih .rus, or keeper, and many J.inilTaries or loldirrs, 
 to guard him j and kept him prilbner for (i\ weeks. 
 
 Aftir ihi«, the governor raiifcd him to fend on br>^rd 
 lor linn, iin, ai.;l i luih, to i!i,f value uf 25nod()ll;u>, 
 pioii ling to buy it; Init when lie bid the gonri, 
 > n (hoic, ho fei/.ed them for cullom ot the (hip only. 
 V\'Ikii he law that he had ijot as n,iich as he could, 
 lie liiir the commander ii hnaid the 27lh of Aiay, 
 and kipt two of the :,ieieh:inls lor JCoO doll.'rs, 
 wliieh he l.u.l v».n for .iiiJv.'iage ; but tlie wlui'.rt 
 Company declaring agiiiplt the piyment, he fent thi; 
 merehaiits up into ihc couiitrv, eight days journiy, 
 10 a place call d Samn, wheie the lvj(hi t.ien lay. 
 On the jlih, iluy were joined by the p iir.ace, whole 
 milter, John Lurikin, tvi'g (lead j iip.n inquiry, 
 ihe ceiiipany lo'.d them, tli.it lie was kiiocktd 011 tt.u 
 head Willi a nialleL by 'I liomas Cl^ik, with the ton- 
 lent of rraneis Driver his mate, Aiulicw Evan), and 
 Edward Hille". 'I'litli- being alked upon what oc- 
 c.ilion iliey committed the iiiiirder, could .■.in:;ii no 
 e.iiife, (xeept that they wanted a (mall quaniiiy tf 
 Aipia VitiK and Kola Soils, which he was tare- 
 tiil .0 ireferve for the relt of tlij emiipany, in talc 
 of neeelliiy. On the 3ilt, a jury being called, the 
 miirdircrs were convicted, and hraneis Driver and 
 Thomas C'laik werelianged in the pinnace. • 
 
 On the 3d of June, thcywci.rhed .iiid tailed into 
 the Red Sea, through the Strcights cf Mecca, which 
 are about one league over, and .ihout three in leii.ih, 
 having ei.'hteen fathoms water clofe to the iiland. 
 Within the (treights there lies a great (hoal, lotiic 
 two leagues off (hore, which (hips mull fail wid • oil'. 
 h rom thence there are about \\\ leagues to Meec, 
 where is a good ro.ad and ('.ife ground for ved'els to ride 
 in fourteen fathoms water. I he port is n-ver with- 
 out (hipping, it being a town of g-eat 'i.ule, ar.d 
 (re()iunted by caravans from Sanaa, .\Iec.a, Cjranl 
 Cano, and Alexandria. 'There is a great want vf 
 tin, iron, lead, cloth, fword blades, and all Englilh 
 commodities. It had a great bazar, or market, every 
 day in the week. 'There is great plenty of fruit 1 
 as apricots, quinces, dates, grapes, peaches, lemon«, 
 and pinntanes, which the author much wond' red at, 
 as the inhabitants told them .thty had ru rain foi 
 (even years before, and yet there was very good corn 
 at eighteen pence per hu(hel ; befides plenty of c.!ttlc 
 and fi(h. 'I lie town was governed bv the 'I'urk', and 
 if an Arabian oftcndcd, he was fcverrly punillu d, tliere 
 being galleys fir that purpofo. They departed on 
 iheiHihot Ji ly, and pad'ed the Streights, where 
 they left two anchors; and from thent- filling to 
 Socotra about the 5ih of Augu(f, cart anchor over 
 againft the town of Slab, where th- king refides. 
 'There one of the merch.uits went on (hou, .md gave 
 him a prefent, defiring leave to buy water, goat:-, 
 and other provifion>, which he did imc grants 
 becaufe the won.en of the country were muih ..'iaid ; 
 but told him, if the Knglidi would go to a ro.id five 
 leagues off, they (liould have any thing the emintry 
 a(ti)rdcd. Accordingly they went, and th. re bought 
 goats, water, dr.igor/s blood, Socotrinc aloe-, and 
 other coniinoilities 
 
 On the ih'tli, they let fiiil from Si'iAi, with nn 
 anchor and a half, for Camhaya ; and on the 28th, 
 came to iVIoa, w here one of the natives told them, 
 that for twenty dollars, they might have a pilot to 
 hring them to the bar of Surat; but this was rcfufcd. 
 On the 29th, they let forward, thinking to hit the 
 channel leading to the bar, but they came out of ten 
 fathoms, firft into fevcn, then al'lerwards into fix and 
 a half; then tacked about veflward, and came into 
 fifteen fiihon.s, the next tack hroiinht them into five. 
 Then fome of the company alked, \\hither the matter 
 would go .' he anlwcred, L t he go iver the heighth 
 and preli itly the fhip flruck : Captain Covtrte 
 immediativ vent up and told him of it. Upon which 
 turning about, he alked. Who durlt fay Ihc (truck I 
 
 If 
 
 * The Buihor nlirirvesili.ir DiKvnii! Hillcs ivm catfn 'n eni.i- 
 ImIs at Msdjgalcar, »nil the oilier ilitil rotting wheie li< 
 l.y. 
 
 i*it- 
 
37i 
 
 V o Y A c; E s o I r n h k n g i, i s ii 
 
 iOj,"> JF; luj kMrc.l\ Ipnlccn, w'uii Ihcftrtuk ii'.iiii, am 
 
 '1 
 
 Willi luili torcc, ili.u the ri.JJiT hr.'tc Dtl, wlmii 
 
 loll. I lull tl 
 
 ')• 
 
 line t>i .III .iik'Im 
 
 .iiiO 
 
 tluK 
 
 twi)Jjy5j aftir w.'iich tlitir liiiii' Ijilit in |>iiCi>, Ik 
 tiMttluy lu I only :l]ei( luii^ biut M lulji thiiiiulvrs 
 Willi. iluu>\i I, tlu'v iiu>'> liu li lliil., ilul ihc ) j;<it 
 the (liieci .jI ilie l.iuiui into Ih. Ihip, .iiul the i.n|« ii- 
 tkf hum.; h:r U(> j> »\ll a> he ciiil.l, linuiy.hi id 
 men on (h ire, Al..>u: lix in theinniiiy, nil liie .> I 
 ot Sejii^nilie., the Ih p llrueic, nn.! Iie^iaii liir.iunl.i : 
 llie l'..iJ jncUntiv .'u inehe?. UJl^r in ilie «e]|. 'Ilicii 
 they pliiJ the |>uniii from I'ncii in ilev en, alur wh.ch 
 thcw.Uer iiKiiaUil lo t.Ai, f'at Uiiig no I.T^jer .ible 
 III coniiiui. uii boaiJ, thev look to thtir boal>. I hey 
 Kli ihe lliij) uiihout t.ikini; eithir meat it Jrink wall 
 tlieili." lUliveen tU'elie.inJ one in the nioiiiin;; ihey 
 put ort' (nr the (ho.i-, v^hlch na« at liall :''> le.ii;ucs to 
 (he i:illu'aul. i hey r.ii'eJ .-ll that iiirhl, .mil the 
 lii;ttJ.iy ui'.hoill my luilellirecat all, till fiieotlix 
 in th', tviiiin^, when I'ley ni..Je a lutlcillanJ ovii the 
 b.ii. 
 
 Our (utbor fay-, " RiiijiiO llien a fi)iiall df wiiiJ 
 liking thiin, bi.^ke tlu iiiu:(lr))-thouj,lit ot tlieii 
 liMii;-T»oat, wheiiin weie 55 piiloii^i \ t they re- 
 cj^ereJ tluir null, ai.j li.e ^u|{ e;.ifiiiL', wmtover 
 tlie bai, .ind !;i t into the livtr of (j.inil.iii." 
 
 " 'I'hitounlry people leeui;; fo ni.iiiy nun in two 
 bi>at<, thiy b.a; i.'i.ir iliu n<, an. I ran lo ili. ,r arni>, 
 t.ikin,; them lor I'.Ttii^iufe r.iinini; l.i ait'ik lunie 
 c)t their tow.'l>. 'l'lii> llie K ijl.'li peieiiiin,;, ami 
 haiii!;j, bv ihaiief, a (in/: rat 1 nbi'..ri!, ihev liiil liini 
 on lii'iie lo iiiuleeeue tne iiih lillIant^. A> loon as 
 tiiey knew wli.) th -y wei,, lii y dirceleJ them ti tlie 
 city ul t!.<;iJc\e, u.'i.ic a ;;icat man ».ts governor, 
 w ho, :it tl.eir comin;.' liiilh-^r, feenml 10 be loriy lor 
 thiir misloruine', an.! gave lli.ni a \iiy kinJiecej>- 
 lion."— 
 Iini-'i Uc)j Here C ipt.iin t'nirte cmls his arcinnt, wv li.i\e 
 iiun. cMraelcd tiom t!ie relation I'l 'I'homas Jones, bij'in- 
 
 iiin;]; where tlie other enil< his nl.'.tion. — IJiin^ at 
 ti.iiuUve, they hea:J that tlkir pinmce came inio 
 t'lc lame river before them, anJ w.s carried a\vay by 
 the I'ovtii^iiefe, but that all the men had loifaken iier, 
 and were gone to .Surnt by 1 uiJ. The i;oierimr ol 
 this town was a 1! inni.in. — The ^ih they left Cian- 
 ileve, to tiavil for Snrat, abtiit 40 miles dillant, 
 ..ml the ii/.'i eunie liiitlier, wh.re they were met by 
 \ViIli.im rineh, who kept the facloiy ; but Capiaiii 
 llnkins, was gone t'l A;;ra, about p ilays journey 
 il.lSant, where t'.u- king relided. The cominanJer, 
 iiiid part of the rell, ha.iii.> ft.iid till the end of .Sep- 
 t.niber at Surat, thm lit out likewiie for A;;ra, in 
 order to lelurn h'>mc bv land, ihrini^'h I'crlia ; but 
 t!ie;i'.ithor nnt likm^Mhat courfe, fl'id bthiml. While 
 h ■ ile'.iated wi;': liin:,lf .sli.it ineihoj to take, he became 
 aeipiainu J with a I'urtuguefc I'adre, "f tlic order of 
 hi. Paul, iu(t come fi im Camb.iy.i, who pr.ipofed to 
 ^. t hiiTi toiivpv'd to Kn^laiid, or ;.t leal! to Portui;al, 
 wVieh he piiiKtiially perloinicd. Jincs, Richard 
 Mellif, Ji Kn Kbnor, and Robert Kox, deputed Irom 
 .Surat the ;th of October, alon;; with the I'adrc, and 
 came 10 the ih.iii^ town and fortiifs of JJamnn, where 
 ome a^ain, they law the jiinnace, v.i\kJ the Cioou 
 Hope. Fiom Daman thev «cni to Cliaul, and from 
 ihiiKC to (io.i, wheie they ariiMd the 18th of No- 
 vember. 'I he 9ihof [anuarv they emb.^rkcd on board 
 a carack, called Our I..ady of I'ltv, bjiip; the admiral 
 (;f a fleet of four fail, upon the eoail of India, and 
 t!ie ziftof March fJl in with the land, in .{ j dcg. 
 iml an half, about live leagues to the call of Cape 
 Des .\giiillas. Here they lay willi contrary winds, 
 lill the zd of Aipil, and then were encountered with 
 a i^reat lloiin, at well lonth-wcll, v h:eh blew lo fu- 
 lioudv, t'.i.il ihey were force J to b^ai up lix hours be- 
 
 • .\ .1.1 l.s,:;;l ^-.outuu ul iiil ic), Ji.tiiU iwi-e it'WLcn llit- 
 iii.ti..-nM!i .11. »1 lilt' HccL't^e, ll;c Ci'inma; il» r liij liif cunipaiu 
 tjl. I* ttli.it rl.-:e \v( .M. Tl.- iuil.i'i tl.:j.k^ ilicv took amoni; 
 th^'iii j-vcoi fi.<iM iL. i.rjj U..C liuiwicJ, luiiic i.tt}, cilters lurty 
 
 foie the fia, aftrr which it ccalUI. 'l'liC4i1i»f .\; lil 
 
 they fill I 
 miniiti. ', 
 
 lid a 
 d lh< II l.iv dli 
 
 i;.iin, in 34 degiii«, 40 
 
 bickv 
 
 d lo 
 
 OS Willi c Tiiarv winds in liJit of IIk 
 
 l.> 
 
 that lliey wiie iwiec williin three or four leagues of 
 iheCapeof t.!...;.l Hope, yet could not j;et ab.'ut it 
 till the Kjth day ot Apiil, .iiul th n lluy doubled li, 
 tolhiir ni\ai comloit i for ||.<)^ were 111 ^rrat di- 
 Ipiil I', lore, ti.iiiii; Ihn llioiild le lorced to wiiilei nt 
 Ml', .imbiijii.-, w hull IS a common thin;; anuun; the 
 l'onnL;iaie. I'lif /;ih thev palUil llu trr|iu- ol Ca- 
 pricorn, and tli' ijili ot Mav ih.y came to ,iiu hor at 
 the illaiid of .S(. Ililcna, whicli ill.iiul ll..nds in ij 
 J«-j;rces IvMith. H re they ll.iid till the I iili, wattl- 
 ing, an.l then ih polinL;, pilled the Line on ihe jj of 
 June. I he jdi.i they were iiniK r the tropic ol t'.in- 
 ccr, with l!ii wind at north-call, which the I'oitu- 
 i;uile call li;etjimi.il Wind j and the l(>tl> of July 
 luppoUd ihiy lulled by the welieilv illaiiUs (01 A/.ous) 
 the pilot net having; Ken any land fiiice they lift ht. 
 Mclina. Ai len;4ih, thiy in.ule the land oV i'orlii- 
 gil, biir.'^ no: „''ove two le.ignrs oil' i!i. iiock i>t' 
 l.ill'oii, anu llie t..ine day c.nme to .niiliir in tic 10. d 
 ol C',ile..c». I'hat d..y Jones wcr.l 0,1 (hoie in a boa|, 
 .inA fo cleiped the h.iiuis ol' the J'oftugueU'. He 
 llaid in l.ilbin ftneily till t!ie 1 ^tli, antfiiien cir.- 
 h.iiked III a fliip bound for London, one duid, nul- 
 trr, wliiJi iiMii lii.ii 'y fiinii;; lal frcn ihc .llay < f 
 \\'a)ei'., thi-y ileapedj lor ti.e I'oitiij; :u le h.iying 
 liad noinr ot tlu.r departure, Icnl out a bolt v. ell 
 manned, willi a di fun lo ha.e taken the Iliij', .'iiJ 
 fo cany them on (hole ; they ;;oi f.ile home ihe 171I1 
 of J^eptenibei, 101,^, after an ..bf^iiee < f two )^.irj 
 ami lis iiionihs 1:0,11 their n.itn .• coimtiy. — 
 
 /n ihe nu:in li«iie the L'n:i:n, after benv, le,.. i.iled A.,; , 
 fiom the .Mc'iilioii, in doubliiii; the C^pc 01 ciooj cu.nu. 
 Hopi>, ljir:in^ hei ii..iin-nia(t, .iiid in the niidll of tlic 
 lloriii th.y wen loiee.l lo lilh it .i^iin. Hy this acci- 
 dent it leiins they loll the conip.myof the ad.niral, 
 and lKiii;_,it leii;;th oui of lio|ns of mectiiii; witlici- 
 tlur till lliip or pinn.'.cc iherciboni', confid\ri:i^ thLt 
 the llorin coiitimied, they fliiptd their tourl'e fi>r Ihe 
 b;iy of St. Aiivuliine, in .\l.ida;^alcar, in hopes of 
 lihdiii,; them tm :i. In thi:,, howev r, tliey weie Jifaj - 
 pointed. 'I'lieii lore, alter 20 day. Hay, in whuh 
 time they rcfrellud themklves well, ihey let fail for 
 Zaiijibar, in e.\|)eelalion of nueiing their commander 
 at that place. As loon .is they ai lived, tluy went on 
 (liore, .ind were kindly cnterlaiiud ; bul .it theil lic.M 
 landiiiu', I'ueral iiKii broki out of aiiibulli upon tliciii, 
 and killed ihc j>iiil'er, Rich.ird Kcnii, and one m;.- 
 riiu:-, and took Richard Wickliam, one of the mer- 
 chants, piifoner: by great chance, however, ihc 
 r< II ^ot olf the bo:il, and got on be.ird. Thty put 
 to lea in the month ol I'cbiuaiy, with the wind at 
 north-eall and iii:rtherly, wliiih was dirciltly agaiiilt 
 them, as ihey ilefigiied logo for .Socotra. Now hav- 
 ing fpent much time at lea, without making anyway, 
 (and moll of the men troublid VLry much with the 
 leurvy) the captain went for the 1101 ill part of St. 
 Lawrence. His intentions w:is lo put into ihe b.iy of 
 Aiiton!;ilIe, but they fell in with the well fide of the 
 ifland, where they entered an exceeding large bay, 
 called by the natives Conquamorra, found th« 
 adjacent country fruitful ami pleafant. Heie they 
 prtipofed to recover their men, and ipend the unpro- 
 fitable monlbon. They fion grew acquainted with 
 the inb:ihitants, who at firll appeared very friendly, 
 and mndethem very kind (irofertions : on this the mer- 
 chants often went on Ihore, and vilitcd the kinp:, w ho 
 was no lefs complaifant. At length, Captain Rowlc, 
 accompanied with Mr. Richard, Rcvc, chief mer- 
 chant, Jell'ery Carltl, and three oihers, thought fit 
 to go tu the palace. Samuel Bradlhavv had often b.eii 
 7 employed 
 
 putnils. Tome '-miii-, ,infl fomc JiTs. 
 
 1 Tlie |m;ii| t thii ftsS aic l^ulio^on-an^, am' honour 1I10 
 cow I ilicy allu ulilctvi: tlic anciuit euliuiii ul buKiine >lio 
 .lead. * 
 
 m 
 
to OOlNEA AND THE feAST INDIES. 
 
 3rj 
 
 U<r 
 •,Jcr 
 t un 
 axt 
 It'll I, 
 m;.- 
 nur- 
 
 ihc 
 
 put 
 lid at 
 aiiilt 
 
 IlllV- 
 
 u.iv, 
 the 
 Si. 
 ly of 
 ihc 
 bay, 
 I the 
 they 
 npro- 
 with 
 lutly, 
 iiicr- 
 , who 
 ovvlc-, 
 mer- 
 it fit 
 li b.cii 
 ployed 
 
 uiur ill* 
 
 c'mployfd about biifiiv.fs to the king : but at thii time 
 the I aptniii h.ivinu funic other oci.iilii>n lor hinit hv 
 iUiJ un Ik .id, wlitili piovLii h.ippy lor hiiii ( for its 
 loiin as ihey I ii'ltd, thfy Wire Ixir.TyfJ to the iiiha- 
 t.i.iiits. Bv ^ooJ liirtunc, the bujts clcapcd : but 
 Ih. y huj icjicily j;ot on board, when they (»w » fleet 
 of pnvN and lai^c boats coming out ut ihr river, 
 roi .1 , towaids thcfliip. 'I'hry made a very bold at- 
 tack, ('inning up in the face of the ordnance, fu that 
 llir hii.'lilli bt'licved they would have taken them. 
 Thr li^iil continued at leaft two hours very delj>e- 
 rati'ly -, but the cannon b ing diligently plied by the 
 cuniii'i and his mates : ut length half a dozen ot their 
 lioats funk, wiiicli obliged the reil to retire witn 
 Ipcid. ThfyHaid in the bay 14 days after this, in 
 hope's I'l reci/ver their men iiijjin j but iiilicad ot that 
 they loft fcven more, through a lud'den difeafe which 
 tia^,ienrd In imtle who woiked 10 hard at the guns in 
 the time < 1 ilie action, and within two days they were 
 ■II thri'.vn over board. Thcfe misfortunes coming 
 to ''ilv r, they refolved to make haftc away, and wa- 
 ter Ionic ^'.hu're elfci but before they could depart, 
 the enemy made another attempt, with ftill greater 
 numbers of boat<, many of them very large, and 
 crowded with men to .1 furprifing degree. However, 
 they liked the firft entertainment fo ill, that not ca- 
 rin;; ■ 1 come near them a fecond time, they returned 
 on Ihore. 'I'hrEnglifli perceiving their malice, and 
 fearing fonie mifchief in the night, ftood in for ihore 
 
 1 where the Moors were) and gave them a whole broad- 
 ide for a farcwel, the bullets enterinjt among the 
 thickeftof them, and made fuch lanes that they foon 
 forfnok their places, and got out of fight a> faft as 
 they could. They now put to fea, and dircAed their 
 courfc for Socotra i but for want of hulling-in be- 
 times, tiie wind took them (hort, fo that they could 
 not fetch it, but fell more to the eaft, upon the coaft 
 of Arabia. This was about the fourth of June, and 
 the winter monfoon being come, they durft not at- 
 tempt to go for Cambaya ; neither could they find 
 any good [dace in that road to harbour in, during the 
 winter. Therefore, after hovering in fight of the 
 coaft four d.iyit not without danger of running on 
 ihore, they rrl'olved on fome courle for making their 
 voyage. Upon this Griflin Maurice, the maimer, 
 confulting with the principal and moft experienced 
 men in the fhip, they Ition concluded logo fur Ach'-v 
 in hopes there to meet with fome G uzarats, to ba^ . ' 
 their Engliih commodities with, 'i'herefore direCL- 
 ing their courfe for that place, they arrived there the 
 the 27th of July, and in feren days after had admit- 
 
 tance to the king, to whom tliey gave a prefint. 16 1) 
 When Mr. Uradlli.iw had liteii at court, and dealt a lit- \^^'-%0 
 tie with the nierch.mts of Aihiii, he fell to trade with 
 the Ciuiarats, givini» them Kn;;lilh cloth and le;'il 
 in excliange for biiti.i's, black and white | which is 
 the cloth they fell in tliofi; parts. Alter they had 
 bern here fome finall time, tliey failed lor I'riaiiian, 
 where they had a quick trade, «hah n.adc loir.'j 
 .imendi for the crofles thty met with before. '1 hey 
 llaid and took in |H-|>|>er, and at length laded their 
 Ihip, which might have been doi.e lun^! bcloie, il they 
 had nut been in dil'puling among (he eompi'iiy i for 
 the failors Aould du as tiuv pleafed ihenifclves : but 
 Mr. Bradlliaw ul'ed them with Inch lair word>, th.it 
 at length they got what they came for. Here the mai- 
 ler died. Allbufineft being endid, Mr. iiradlhaw 
 lent one Humphry Biddulph and SiUed 'r Smitii, to 
 B.intam, in a Chiiiefe junk, with fome remainder 
 of goods, which they could not fell at Priaman nor 
 Tcku i and foon after Mr. Uradiliaw let fail foe 
 Engl.md, in the Union, in the month of February. 
 
 liy two letters, the one written by Bernard Cooper 
 to his brother Hide, a merchant in l^oiidon, (inclu- 
 ding one received from Bagget an iriihnian) and 
 the other by William Wilton, who appears to have 
 been the mailer of a velTcl s it appears that the Union 
 arrived in a miferable condition on the cuaft of France, 
 where the people of Odmen fent off two boats to her. 
 The crews found that ihe was richly laden with pep- 
 per, and other India goods, but had only four men 
 on board, (one of whom was an Indian) and three 
 dead. The furvivors were fcarcely able to fpeak, but 
 the boats brought the vcfTel into the road of Odmen, 
 from whence the advice was fent to Marlaife, and for- 
 warded by Hide to England. The lettcr-'.\ titer re- 
 folved tovifit the fhip in perfon with one George Rob- 
 bins, blit complained much of taking a jmiriiey at 
 that time, and dellred a fupply of money. However, 
 he went as the other letter of Mr. Wilton relates : 
 and it appears that there were faved from the plunder 
 of the natives of Brctagne, about 200 tons of pep- 
 per, fome benjamin, and ibme Chinefc filks, which 
 they bought at Tcku, in Sumatra, out of a fliip of 
 China ) and on their return had met with Sir Henry 
 Middleton, to whom they delivered Ibme chefts of 
 filver.* 
 
 After the pepper and other goods were unload,-d and 
 
 . dried, the velVel being examined was found unlit for 
 
 I; lervice, therefore the guns, anchors, &c. were t.iken 
 
 |. out, and the furvivors thus put an end to their unfor- 
 
 \l tujiate voyage. 
 
 THE VOYAGE. OF CAPTAIN DAVID MIDDLETON, 
 TO JAVA AND BAND A. 
 
 "% 
 
 ON the 24th of April, 1609, Captain Middle- 
 ton fet fail from the Tower, in the expedition, 
 of London, and got fight of Forteventura on the 
 1 3th of May. By the loth of Auquft, he had reached 
 Saldanna, (or Saldania) and as loon at he had wa- 
 tered, immediately failed for Bantam. 
 
 Arriving there on the 7th of December, the cap- 
 tain was as expeditious as pollible in gettine the iron 
 he had with him on ihore. He then left Mr. Henf- 
 worth in the faflory, and in the evening fet fail for 
 the Moluccas. 
 
 He came before the town of Boton on the 8th of 
 January i but hearing that the king was gone to war, 
 and that there were but few |>eople in the place, he 
 would not anchor, but the fame day went tlirough 
 the freights. On tha ath, however they fell in with 
 
 Vol. i. N 37. 
 
 the Boton fleet. The king came on board them, and 
 many civilities pafTed between them; but the prince 
 informed him that a lofs by tire had difabled hiiu from 
 furniihingthe Engliih with I'pices, a vail qu.intity of 
 which inltore were deilroyed by that accident. 
 
 He took his leave in forrow, and the captain fteered 
 for the ifland of Bangaya. There he found that the 
 people were fled for fear of fome enemies ; but who 
 thofe enemies were, he could not learn with certainty 1 
 for he fuppofed they retired from the Dutch, but a 
 Dutchman told him they were in fear of the king of 
 MacaiTar. The man who told him this, lived in great 
 
 * It is mentioned iliat ten Englilhmcn and four natives nf 
 Guzarat tvcietakcnout «f the Ihipbya boat of Briflol, and a 
 Scotah vellel. 
 
 5 D 
 
^ « 
 
 374 
 
 V () Y A G i: S O F T II K K N C; I. I S If 
 
 1610 fl'ii'' l>.iJ i P'*" numlior cl w n,in, atitl nci'lvid ihi 
 L— — ,_^ (liitiiv elf IlK' kiiii-.iil liTii^iir. lie w.o .1 |<1' -li im 
 (ii'ii)>.itiiuii iiiiiHi^nuil t>< .ll.vt ilic iiunni'i' il liu 
 juii.o aid ivoiilJ not Ik* >'o nni.iiiiK'd l)y .iiiy < :lui 
 Dutkhin.iii. The l'.ii,!lj/h I'vt with j.tHid riiulli- 
 iiiciu h. ro, aii<l Hire in bctur hciUli chjii wlicii thiy 
 di'jviitcd (lOfii llnjiljiid. 
 
 ^Liviivi (liiJ'hid the loni»-liii.it to prcfiivr it- 
 bailoiii 111)111 worms, tlicy I<.'| Uil on the i)ih \A 
 JiiitU'V; dul ci'iitr.irv wiiidn tHViiCioncd thiin (<> 
 iilti'f tli.ir iiU.liJiil kouil'c lur the Moluic.is,uiid it.iiul 
 tor it.iiiJj. 
 
 I liiy hjJ fi^'ht of tliefc ifljnds on thf s'^ "f 
 t'k'hiujrc, :ind ulcd all llicii cndL-axoun to tuach ihoni 
 l(Cliire iiii'.iil. Cotinng ne.ir, the Captain lent lli^ 
 tk'lFlo ;^i t ititlliji-niTi- ot' (nmc ol the n.itivcs, who 
 icM liiiii worJ, ili.it thi' Uutch would not luH'ii :imv 
 fli'P t'l inter thf loal . that they woiiUl t.i!.e nil In 
 bii.ii;ht (iT Inch tlniii^s as they (tood in n id ol) .iiid 
 nu>e |i II mint n ihcir own plcliue. 1 11 >t i< any 
 iiiniir.inie with comnimlitii- Ijjoablc in llii; country, 
 tinv urn- not |i.rniitted to (p-.k t > the p:uplc j liui 
 Htti- ciiiiiil to the l).ic!;-(i,li- ol l!i'." e.illle, Millun 
 inufi)u,t Ihiii, lo tJi t ii'it a man c ;iiM lit lii> loot on 
 Ihun, hut .1 bull.t wm^ liiu .iftoi hini ; nnd ilnt they 
 iiid tilteen greit junki winch \.ii.' d^taimJ 111 that 
 inaiinei : vet he llooi into the nad with a 1I >g and 
 t-nli^n, and at caili yjiJ-arni a pendant, inakin'j; a 
 wry g';o<l hjj;ure. The f;oveiiuii of the laltle think- 
 \i\% it had heiM a Dutch lhi|>, (ent out a pinnace ol 
 tliirtv tons towards tao KsiieJilii'ii, hut ci.i.iing near, 
 lliKiJ Mito the ID id hiloie tier; 10 that alter tluy had 
 hjiled the captain, he could hue no larllar Ipecch 
 Willi hull. Aa li»;n as II.- was aiiiw.irt o( Laiitor, he 
 laliited the low.i, niiJ anchored within (liot >>t their 
 iliipi. Soon alt,r there came a Dutch boat on board 
 lii'iii the L">i ein'ir, rtquiriiip Middlcton toujitcr the 
 lu.d, and iheii lo iaiul, andlhew liitn his rmiiniiltion. 
 The laptau) .■.nlivcii.!, t'lat he was but newly conic, 
 und wuuld ne'iher liiew Ins commillion, nur impart 
 iiis huf:ncl> t^j the governor or any man. 1 hey 
 Jirthcr al:;cd, Wheiher he w.is a nicnhant, or a 
 III Ml ol war r Me replied, that he would pay lor 
 what he look. J lien they ihieatcned him; but he 
 t.'iJ liiem th.it lie would lule llieie, lit them do iheii 
 v.i.rlt, : lid h.pcd he could delcn I hinilcll, and ihiy 
 returiud 111 a ^,ieat rage to the taliic. i he Diiuh 
 wtie no looiitr (.'i-^e, than a cio*d of people ol 
 I.i.it'ir, came uii board, and b.ule I'ini u..lcomc. 
 |-r.jiii tlicni h- undeiilood the whole atiaiis ol the 
 c unnv, wli.cli w,>u' I have i'cen w■.iliu^ lo deal with 
 him, it h ■ cuul.l lia.e proMiu I l',\ue ul the i)iiuli, 
 |.,'r thcv wcie men IVkiuK : but I'u'oway and I'ulo- 
 tronu, were at war wiih thiiii. 'I'he cipiaiii kiiow- 
 iiijj; that there was i^iod lilliinr in trouhl-.-d v/afer, 
 fiok the oppoituiiiiy to talk p:i'..ilely v.r.h a iiaiii^ 
 ol l'ulu\\.iy, who happi-ncil to be among them : this 
 peifon he cnj;a;;ed lor a little money, to acijuaint 
 thole of the ifland, that he would give them cither 
 filver or commodities tor all their Ipicc; that the 
 Dutch and he were likely to be enemies ; and tint 
 they need not fear bat that he would get their Ipice 
 on b(\"d. In the mean time there came the lame boat 
 From th' •..(He, and another from the -vice-admiral, 
 with I ■?iemptory orders from the governor to Captain 
 Middicton to come in. After k'.-mng them to 
 dinner, he told them that he would ride there, nnd 
 run the danp'r of the road: that he ^new both 
 n.itions w;re friends in Turope, and that for thtni 
 to be enemies there anion;; rtran;;eis would be ftan- 
 djlotis. IJut they told iiim plainly, that he nuill 
 not ride there : and if he peililled, they would fetch 
 h.ni in by force. His nnfwer was, that he would 
 ride tlierc till he found the inconvenience of the road, 
 (lor tli'v laid it was foul ground) and then come 
 into ih.- \A\ part of the harbour: adding, that 
 iieiiher of their ptinccs gave authority to their fub- 
 j cli to hinder the other from riding or going, at their 
 liwn peril. The Dutch uplied, that the country 
 was theirs i " Then may I lai I .Middicton) tin; mure 
 
 oldly riilr III re, f.r we .ire friend*." Sothey d,-. 
 
 irted in i'il|ilialiire. I'he lime eveiiimr, he was 
 ab'iut to land guns up< n the hde of a lull, whei. he 
 lodi, ami |i Mil to III tlie lliip to fight wiih ,iiiy tint 
 Ihould midell liiiii. He alio lent out I'onie to ieaiili 
 llie buliiini 1 which indeed jiroved to be noihin|» jiiif 
 links. In ih.ii til' le was no |Mdlibilily of ridiii;; then? 
 with laleiv. Tlirretoie the captain gave over his 
 dcli).',n ot landing iMins i and next mornin;_; Criii Ins 
 ikilK with Mr. .Sp.ildinj, an<l the principal peil.ini 
 
 if the iliip Hiihaliltir to th" governor' oidaing 
 iluiiiioliv nothing iiioic ih.ji h- had «iiti,ii, and 
 make noil IV, but brin<'. an .inlivir pr<l<ntly: for 
 thry lode veiy b.idly. '1 he copy of the lilttr is at 
 lolluu '.. 
 
 " Mav it pi aleyour Wojfliip, 
 
 " AViih patience to confider, that whrreis you 
 hns> manv eiirmics, (.ind few Itiends in tin . pl.iie) 
 I being. I clirillini, if your woifliip Hand in mid of 
 any thing that I hay., I pr.iy you make bol.l to de- 
 mand il, and 1 will beasieady to p..rl.>iiii ii to my 
 power; l.u whereas there is amity bitvMcn our 
 piiiKcs at hjiiie, I Ihould be iiiiwiiliir:, that we. 
 tluir fubjcls, flioulil be at iiimitv heit. I..itl.ci, 
 lor.ifniueh as \ou loiiiiiiand me to come umhr the 
 coiiiiii.uid of ti.e caftle, I hope I htive the piivilcgc 
 that buth piinces allow their lubjccls to come and 
 ,0 at their own pleafuics, ,\nA Ihiiid to the danger of 
 .he ro.iil at their own |H'nl. And whsreas you 
 ieniamled to Ice my cuinmillion j I am a gcmlii;,,iii, 
 and willing to Iheiv it upon cijiial lerin.. ; lor if you 
 will iiicct me lecurely, as 1 would do )<'U, appoint 
 iir meeting upon the w:iter, in oui boats, cijually 
 Manned ; or in any coiuenieiiL place, where J 11. ay 
 be as near mv force as you are to youis. And 
 wlure.'.s it is reported that a contract is 1(. he m.dc 
 with the inhibitanis of I.antor and your worihip, 
 my ddire is, that you would ul'e me as all Indi.^n fur 
 my money. 'I'lien lliould I think niyfelf much 
 belioKIin to your woilliip, and am more willing to 
 de.il with you, than with them. I'ui therniorc, 
 forafimich as ymi be at enmity wi:h tlie iflaiuls of 
 I'uloway an.l I'uloiin, iiiy d-.ilre i:> to be refiKed, 
 wlKthcr I may have thiir Ipice without )(iur hindcr- 
 aiue. Tliiisdefii ing our anfi^er to thje pariieulars, 
 ..:k1 t'.ie lame to be leiumed by the luareis, 1 bid 
 you larcwcl. I'rnni cm board my fhip, tliis 7th 
 day of I'ebruar) , 1610. 
 
 Your's, in fiiendfliip, 
 
 DAVID .VIIDDLETOK." 
 
 The Englifli coming to the caftle, were biought 
 to ilie governor, who was fittinj; in council, and 
 delivered the letter, which was read openly : bufthcy 
 would fend him no aniwer but by word of niuith. 
 I'ney had in the road three great lliip«, of lor.) tons, 
 nnd three pinnaces of thirty tons each j one of llw 
 Ihlps, called the Cireat Sun, being unlit for fervice, 
 they dctcrniiiu-d that they (lioiild clap the Expedition 
 on board, and there be let on fire : for this purpolir, 
 lliey had fworn tevcral pcrfons to m.ike her fart with 
 chain-, and had put into her thirty barrels of pow- 
 der to blow her up. She was to be manned out of 
 the caftle, attended with nil the fliips and boais to 
 rec. ive the men when fhe froutd take fire. The 
 Cireat Horn was to go and ride within mufqiiet-fhot 
 of the Englilh, nnd batter them while the fiigates 
 plud round to keep them enijdoyed on nil fides. 
 Ihofe who landed, perceiving the fpeed they made 
 to warp out the (jreat Sun, came away as fall as 
 they could, to acquaint Captain Mid 'letrn with 
 what was going forward. Upon which he thoujlit 
 lit to go and fpeak with the governor himCilf, before 
 h» came to a rupture : lb taking his conimiffion, he 
 went to the cafrle, and was met at l.indiiig by the 
 governor, and all the principal men, both of the 
 calUe and (hips, and conduiled through a guard of 
 fmall (hot of 300 foldier^, who falutcd him with 
 three volleys, and tlic cadle with fcven guns. At 
 
 length 
 
T O C. i; I N I A A N I) 1 II I. K A S l I N D I 1! S. 
 
 3: J 
 
 i-rii'ir^ lunilV, wli'.n- Ik- 
 iiiiiiiiirioii, but ni> mull', 
 
 ilie 
 
 til 
 a- 
 of 
 to 
 he 
 hot 
 
 aiie 
 
 as 
 Ith 
 It 
 ore 
 
 he 
 the 
 the 
 
 of 
 nth 
 
 At 
 ipth 
 
 boat to ail on llioic lur w.ilcr, wiihoiit ii man nt thcii<, 
 to lie tliat liny hail no i-onUiuuc witli thj nuivi-s 
 
 lrn!»ih lif t.imp to ilu- [; 
 IIk'ivi'iI ih.' tirit liic nl hii 
 niul IiiiIr oI iiiiii,i|iiciKi' w.H tlonf at this muiini;. 
 He iiltciwai'I'i I'rtlicJ le. J iiuuml* to procure a l>>aJ- 
 Ing, but luccn ilr J no better. Ilivnig let thu niatifr 
 on toot, hi" told the L;iivern<ii, innv ihcy wi le laiil- 
 Hed lli.it he waa no in.in iil w ir, lie wi>uld brin;; in 
 his lhi|). He replied vsilli the nit, that tluy were 
 ready to ohli^'tf Inm as iinu b a-. I ly in iw. jiowei. It 
 drawing late, he took bis leave, and at Ins ;;oing into 
 the boat, tie (.'(nerimr ordrred all llic yuns in the 
 calUe to be lired. As be palled by the (hips and 
 friuatrs, tliey tired i;uns till he got on board. 
 
 Next day beini; llic 8th ot February, he brouaht 
 the lliip into the rc^id, aiiJ rule belwern tin ir lliip'- 
 and the callle, f.ilutini; \mli bis ■;nn>i and w.i 
 aniaered from the I'.illlc and fliip'i. As Iimhi as tluy 
 tame to anchor, the jjoicinm', Willi all the thxt?. ot 
 the c.lUe and lhip>, t.inieon boitwl, and acceplid ot 
 • dinner, I'luh as tluy could ptovidi. Altcrwauls 
 he talked .ibuut the i.uliiii'., but could luiiMer bv 
 »r({unieiit, nor thj oti'er of j{,ft;, (ibtamL.u.- to Inn' 
 al'in^Ie pound ot Ipice j the u.i!\eini.>r ttiliii;; bmi 
 plainly, that to urant Inch a lib. itv, wis as nuicli 
 as Ins lilu W.1S worth. The c ipi.un liaJing there 
 w.is nil j'.ood to be done, ileli.raiui<.d to lal.e ill water, 
 and t<y bis toitune i but tlu v would not I'ult'er his 
 
 at to i;o on 11 
 lee that tin 
 Alter he bad ;;ot in water, he Unt Mr. Sp.'biuij; to 
 ji.i|uaint the j'ovirnor that he would be j-one j who 
 much wondored wliither the ca|itain inlendid to n-i, 
 the winds beiii;; welkriy. Having waipcd till Ik 
 pot lea-riKiiii, he lit tail, the p,overiior leiidiii;^ ihiee 
 
 I linn. ices to go out with bun, one o| which lent her 
 )oat on board, to coiiimaiul bim in the governor's 
 li.iiiK', not to ^o mar any ot' thcio il'an.ls. Captain 
 Middletoil lent him woid, be would not be .it bis 
 command, for he wm:. (joiiw to I'uloway as tall as he 
 (ould; bidding; bim lend his lliips lu loice bim 
 away, for that he wouM iiii;c«.ly diive the tiij;ates 
 farther otf. The boat returned on boaid one of the 
 frij;at..'S ; and t'le captain caul'nl the men to prepare to 
 tiji;ht with t'lc Dutch Ihips that vvae alieady tittcd 
 with their fails brouyht to the yard for that piirpolV. 
 He then called all bis company to know their minds, 
 and told iliem tliat if tluy would iLind by bim, he 
 intended to make his voya^..- at thole ilUnd:> in Ipile 
 ot the Dutch : piomltin^ lo give amongtl iheiii wliat 
 tilings b.lon^'.ed to him in the lliiji ; and a maintain- 
 ance during lite, to evciy man who iliould happen to 
 be maimed. They unanin.oully declared llicy wen 
 willinj!; to (tanj the tell ; but the pinnace l'ccini> 
 thcrn bring up their linall tlioi, thought it would 
 ^.)t be tale f.ir tbemfelve. to jiuard him any longer, 
 and ihen lore bore up for the harbour. While they 
 weic warping out, the aJiniial and licutenant- 
 (Mivernor of the r.dUe, had been l.vice on board the 
 pinnaces : but what tbe\ did th re, was unknown lo 
 the l',ii;.',lith. Tlu winds btiiig wetlerly, and a Ihrmg 
 tuncnt l.liing to ihe caft-noitbe.ill, tluv drove a 
 great pace : and the captain fent Mr. Spalding 
 in the boat with nmiK-y, betides the puller's mate, 
 and live more, to nll'urc the pople of I'ulowav, that 
 they b.iu parted enemies with the Dutch, and that 
 th'y were fent lo know, whether it — --\vould till 
 him their I'pice; that he would pay bim money 
 for i', and that as loon as fon:e pi. ice was found for 
 the (liip to ride in, be would come himlelf cither in a 
 fliip. oi a pinn.'.cc that be bad on hoard ready to 
 fet up. \Vhilc bis boat w-.is abfeiit, tht re tame 
 two praus tiom Lantor, to know why be wuit 
 a.vay. The i.i;<;a!n tcdd ihem that the current had 
 f t ihc fiiip oir. Ih.it lie would uilliiigly have gone to 
 Piiloway, if the ciuient bad not hindered hUn, and 
 h. d r.iit a facior tliite to buy i'pice. They laid, they 
 Wv. e glad that he had in t left tbim altogether. 
 Tlu II be lii lired lliri.i to tell ihe iiili.ib.t.mts cf Lantor, 
 th a ii-. wiaild give iikiii iiioiify oi comir,oditics lor 
 all tin tjiivi they hi.', il tli.y v>ould fell it bim, 
 
 i.iilur th.iii the Dutch, wlio cam: ifl t .'nc (heir 
 luuntiy lioin tluiu. One id tlur.i l.iid, lli.it I'.c 
 wi'uld i;<i lo the ill ind and lie lb.' c {.'..oi's pvuple, 
 .iiid then uoiild Ipv.ik to lliofe (d' l.ant.<r. 
 
 At Mr. Spalding's g"in ; on llioi', the couiilry 
 people II. liked about, an. I weltoiiKd h.in, biitvvould 
 make iiu l\ut'.aiii about the piicc, till Capi.iin Mil- 
 dleton caiiK In in lei I. However, they olieiil to diliv^r 
 Ipice upon aiciiiiiit in liienu.m tmie, I |i n this he 
 ordeied .Spalding to hire bim a pilot (i| Iil coiildj to 
 baibour his Hup near at band. Aicordiirlv, he i/oke 
 lo the inhabitants lor one, and iiay lured Imn two, 
 III whom tluy give twenty ri.ds, and the (..pMiii 
 as much. 1 he piluts coming on board the lam.: 
 iii hi, he bore up fur .Seraii, and c:iire t.i.tpl ic: 
 i...ll'.d (iela'iili, a toUrable gu <d lo.id, about j'.i 
 lc.i.:iKs hoiu liaiida. As loon as pilblde th.;y Iomk a 
 '.oii|., and broiii^lii their puin.ice on llwre lo let up, 
 .1 liicii lliey ii.ver could tind time to do Inf., re j In - 
 eaiil'e ilie lealoii of the year llippid to |,,it .may, an. I 
 111.- iiuiiifoon was at .in <nd. Aior l.ibourin", ,iU ili.i 
 iii.;ht t.i .;i-t h.l dilpal. Ii'd, be ii.,iiii.| lui 1 1 .. 1 1 p. - 
 w. il. TMe/;thot Maiili, tluy i.iiiid fur I'lilow.iy, 
 aiul .u rued there the {ill, in the iil^'ht, but could lu.: 
 l.ide ,i,)y Ipiie till they b.ul a;.'ii-e I Willi lii' nalaes, 
 
 .\it.r the price was fixed, tluy lo..ile,l llie Hop. will 
 with mace, .iiid lent tier away ) but b. ing loo Ini.ll 
 lor the piirpole, voniaining only nine ton , the c.ij)' 
 tiiii was lorced to lure a y.reat pr.i*, which .va> loadi.il 
 uiih nutmegs, aiul lent to the fliip, wlier. the WJS 
 built highei, to ni.ike her l.y tons, and t.velve of the 
 ahlill tailo's put on bo.iid. She ni.ide but one voyag,', 
 and llirii tluy heard no news of b r for three inont|u. 
 Tile lliipewcll in two Vi.>yages biiiij;in!; no ..ccouiil of 
 li.r, they took it l(irgraiu..d lli.il Ihe bad funk in llu 
 lloiiii, wiiicii arol'e in the rttiirn with the II ipjwill, 
 on boanl of winch the capt.iin was. lie was miali 
 ;iieved to lie the I'ealon pals away, w ithoiil beiii;; able 
 1.1 get his l.iuing over to ilie llii|i, nor durll he bliiy 
 the Iliip ovei l.i ilie illaiid, a:, there w.is i;o iidiiig for 
 liir. Thus .ill luipc being :!i an end for li.\ nioiitlu, 
 he made ini|iiiry lor oth.;r viTulsj and healing of ."ii 
 old Junk th.it bilonged to I.antor, and Liyiiear ihj 
 Dutch Ihips, li,. w\iu aiul bou.lit her, and got fucli 
 help as be could totrim lur. I'hj lols of hisU\.Ku 
 men oecalioned great difiicultics and dilavs, lur mod: 
 of the rell wire dii.ibled with lore tigs. TliUs bo 
 knew not what lo do, the ill.ind biing in every re- 
 fpeil in danger of biing t.ken by tl.e Dutili, ulio 
 alfo meant to allaniiiatc him, i.li'cring huge funis of 
 money to rogues to ell'ciil it, either by poifnii or o.ther- 
 wilej but he bad I'omc friends upon the ilL.nil, 
 who gave him piivate notice, and warned bim to 
 beware of lucb inen-flavcs, for that th.y came to do 
 him a mifchief. L'pon this, be was obliged to get all 
 the ijlands to draw to an head, to fit out their cara- 
 cals tokeip the Dutch pinnaces from coming ort 
 board. Alter this they kipt their diftance, ami 
 the illanders landing I'ecretly upon Nera, cutoff' fe- 
 veral of tlie Dutch, infomuch that they durll 
 not nir out of the catllc, except when tli.ie were a 
 great number of them togethci well arnied. TbcJb 
 illanders built a fort upon the fu'c of a hill, from 
 whence they (hot into the c-lll.', whii h g ill.d the 
 Dutch very much, and cfi'eclually hindered the pin- 
 naces fiom coming out to cut them oil', .is often 
 as they attempted it. 
 
 Captain MiddlctoM was obliged togrt away the 
 junk. unriiii>ed, which he bad bought at Lantor; for 
 the Dutih feeing men at work upon bir, lent one of 
 their Ihips to batter her to pieec., « lien the would be 
 in order : lo that the ni.dit (lie weighed, (he 
 wanted much help to launch her, and was carried 
 away upcm rollers. They did this in the dark, 
 and getting her out of light by day, brought her to 
 Puloway, where, being nothing but the bare hull, 
 they were forced to buy fails and every tbinjelfc 
 for her. The captain lent alio to the fliip, by the 
 Hopewell, to fetch I'ome rigging, and Mr. John 
 Davis to carry her over, fitting her, as well as he 
 
 could. 
 
 111 
 
 i 
 
 I 
 
r* 
 
 V O Y A (J F. S OF THE E N « L I S It 
 
 coiilJ, wiih the .liJ <il' lomc carpdircr* of the cnuntry. 
 Thru- w.'ik< King p lit, witliuul heating ol the |iin- 
 nacc, hr begin to I'rar fume mitfortunc had bctilirn 
 hi'i, nnd what \v.i« worfr, he knew he miglit wail lung 
 rnnuijh before they on bnard (he (hip could hire anv 
 vcllilto fend to hiiiii the Dutch hivin); I'cizcd nil th.it 
 ihcy hid taken carrying vuiuaU tu the Handunefe. 
 Therefore it w>it pretty fnir weather, and the fkitf 
 w.K then at Puloway. Captain Middletnn deter- 
 mined to go over himfelf, and make fonie fhift, ra- 
 ther than Tel the time pafi wiihuiit doing anv thing : 
 lor he oould not hire men to carry the junk, if he 
 could h.ive loaded her with filvcr. He hired three 
 hUckt, not having a man of hit own ihaleouldlhuid 
 on hi« IcgH, and »vith them put to rea.— — Hciiig out 
 of fight of land, there arofe fuch a florm, that 
 thev were forced to fpo(>n iK-foiu the fea i yet they 
 got fi(;ht of Siran, but coming near the fliore, the 
 (la lirokc fo vi.dently, that they loll all ho|i* of get- 
 tipr- I'afc tol.md. Night approaching, they flrove all 
 they could to keep the villel above water till murning i 
 but the dorm incrcariiui;, ihcy focnd thcmfclvei 
 compelled to ha/.ird .,i to put into the breach over 
 a ledge of rocks. In thi», however, they fuccceded s 
 vet no man durft forfakc the boat, for fear of being 
 beaten to piecm againll the rocks. 
 
 The next day, they pot her on (horc, and emptied 
 her, bciiii; full of water, and everv thing they had 
 in her wilheil over-bitard. The blacks now came 
 und told them, that they mull put to lea dirci^tlv, 
 if they meant to I'.ivc their lives. 'l"he captain afjt- 
 iiic one of them the reafon : he ("aid, it was the canni- 
 b.ifs country ; who, if tlicy uot fi;;ht of them, would 
 kill and tat them : 'Ihat tliey never ranfoincd any 
 men they took j ajiJ that if they were chrillians, 
 they roaded them alive, (or the wrongs the Portu- 
 puc'fe had done them. On this they put off am! 
 loon j;ot a- head a good pace, and by day were clear 
 of their watches. As they proceeded, keeping clofc 
 along Ihorc, they law the hulk of a bark; and 
 rowing near it, found it to be the iJilij^cnee, with 
 two Knglifhmcn in her j they told him, that having 
 come to an anchor there, in the late llorm, the ciblc 
 broke, and flic drove on fijorc ; and that Mr. Hcr- 
 iiiman was j,one to the town, to get men to haul 
 Jier up. On this, the captain himfelf landed, to 
 I'ct the governor to bring fomc help to lave her ; 
 tlic land being crowded with people, who came on 
 purpofo to have pillaged her, he ordered his men 
 to fire now and then, which kept them from coming 
 near. When the captain came to the town, Mr. Her- 
 iiiman w.is gone by land to the ftiip, which was 
 12 miles ott. Having afkcd the governor for aflill- 
 ance, hr laid, he would raife the country in two 
 or three days : captain Middleton told him, that 
 if it blew, flic would be loft within an hour One 
 beloir'in" to Puloway, who knew the bark, and 
 was earncft with the governor to favc her, being 
 there, plainly told the captain that the chief wanted 
 to have hir bulged, that hf mi^iht get the planks 
 to build him a praw.— Finding there was no help 
 to be expei^ed, but what came from the fhip, he 
 hired guides to follow Mr. Herniman, and took one 
 of his own men for company. Half way, they came 
 t(. a great water, which they were to crols. As 
 hii man could not fwim, the captain fent his cloaths 
 hack, all but a fcarlct coat, wliich the bliirks were 
 to carry over. They told him the river was full of 
 alii-'UMrs, and that if he faw any, he muft fight 
 with th'.ni, as they would kill him : and, for that 
 purpnfe, the blacic carried a knife in his mouth. 
 Miidleion hrin.^ weary not having flept for two 
 ni"ht^ took the water before the Indians, knowing 
 they would be over before liim. The river being 
 broad, Mi the current made by the great rains th.n 
 had fiUen very fwifr,, the Indians would have h.ad 
 . him turn back, but as he wa.s more than half-way, 
 he w.^s very unwilling. Ht who carried the coat 
 h wing a great cane, ftruck the captain on the fide : 
 who, fuipcaing it had been an alligator, dived 
 
 under water : whrie the ciiiernt got liieh hold cl 
 him, that belure he could lilc again, he wan cariiid 
 into the (ca, and throuii by the wave* againll thu 
 brach. He was wnlhed bai.ward and lurwaid (<vc- 
 ral timet, till the Indian came, and giving Imii 
 hold of the end ol the cane, pulled him out, with- 
 in a little of being drowned, having his b.iL'k and 
 and (houldrr much bruifed. After he had relied 
 himfelf foi fomt time, he gut on board, ti> the Itii- 
 prifc of his company : and that night, ftnl all that 
 were able, to fav* the bark ; whie-n thry did, with 
 much fatigue. As for the |iro|)le of the country, 
 not a man wai futt'cred to leml a hand i expecting 
 the Englifh would forfakc her, and that Ihe would 
 be all their own. 
 
 The Hopewell arrived the next day with her ladinc; 
 of I'pice. She had licrn driven lu the callward ot 
 Uaiida ']o leagues, in a moll violent llurni ; which 
 continued, long, and cauled thent to have a tediou« 
 pall'age to get tu windward. 'I'he captain Mcnt (rom 
 Puloway in the boat, and landeil prelently i and Mr. 
 Uavii wai lading as fait as he could with a lamu 
 crew, the found bcinz all employed about the Dili- 
 gence. They prefently unloaded the Hopewell ; and 
 that night, captain Middlrtun let fail in her, to feu 
 if he could get to Puloway, before Mr. Davis caino 
 away : for, as they told him the junk was very leaky, 
 he was willing that the Hopewell Ihogid b'ar her 
 company, for fhe had not a nail in her -, aiul htcauli: 
 fmitht of the country could not make naiN, ilu y hav- 
 ing had none of their own, ordered liim tluy em- 
 pluycd, to make iron pin>, which they diljmlid 
 of in mo<l need'V ■'!■ "• 'I'he captain of ti^e I lojie- 
 well driving to lej.ch Puloway, was turned aliilc by 
 the dream, in a guat dorm j for the ftronger tin; 
 wind, the dronger the current. Ucing forced to 
 litward they were long before they could reach the 
 diip i and were obliged to leek the Seran /hore, 
 otherwili; they had been quite blown away. The 
 captain having In the fcvcral trips he made, 11 ill 
 fallen to the leeward of the (hip, caufcd Mr. Davis 
 to fenrch for fome harliour, that for the fituir 
 the veflels that were providnl, niiglit come from 
 Pulowar direitly to the Ihip : beiaule, when diep 
 laden, they could not fu eafilv ply to windward with 
 their oars, — During tlie captnins long day fiom 
 Puloway, and the iilands of Ilanda, the naiivts had 
 intelligence, that the Ih',' had weighed anchor ; and 
 were pcrfuaded, ih i he w u gone for fear of the 
 Dutch, who v.cre determined to come and fiiipriCe 
 him. For t'ais reafon, the country people would 
 not deal with the Enj:lilh any more, nor Icll them 
 vlduaN, hut began to abul'e and rail at them ; lav- 
 ing, he was gone in the fliip, and had left them 
 on the ifland, after the example of the Dutchmen j 
 and would, like thcfe, return with n fliec, and takt- 
 their country from them, and they determiin-d to 
 feiie upon the houfe, and keep the men prifoncr"^, 
 upon a high rock. With this view, thev (rnt tor 
 the .Shah Bander, that by joint content, thev niij'.ht 
 take poU'elfion of .ill the gncxis. When the Sli.ili 
 Uaiuler caine, Mr. Spalding went to acquaint him of 
 the hard ul'agc of the iflanders, who beu,an to ta'ic 
 things out of the houf by force. The Sh.ih ILimicr 
 laid, they would take cart that the Knplilh flunild 
 not do as the Dutch had done, and were di u rniincd 
 to lay them fad, for that the Ihip was gone, and their 
 meaning was not {;ood. In fliort, all that .Mr, 
 Spalding could fay, would not pcrliiadc them bur 
 that he and the red, were left there by dcfi;;n. Next 
 dav, calling a council in the church, thiy iclol/ed 
 to fend the men pril'oners to the rock : luit newt 
 coming, while they were fitting, that caprain Middle- 
 ton was in fight in the Ho|)ewcll, thev brfkv up 
 their confultation. At his landing, Mt. Spalding 
 told him of their hard ufagc to them, and tho fear 
 thry were in. As the chiefs I'f all the idands /at 
 before their door, waiting for his n.ming, he afked 
 them the reafon, »hv they dc.ilt fo ill with his jwo- 
 ple, in his abfence ? Thev luld him plainly, that 
 
 <• 'if 
 
16^9' 1 
 
 TO GUINEA AND TUF EAST FNDIKS. 
 
 r 
 
 llc- 
 
 up 
 
 "'8 
 
 if he hill not COIT1C m hi- tlij, they wmilil have t.ilciii | 
 Ihc g«ntl<>, and cniiliiuil llu- nun i he tin ii li't thini 
 know ih^: rcifon tor uiixn imj; the Ihipi .hUIiii);, tli.it 
 it WJ« no woiiilir thf Duuh h ul built .i c.illk- tn 
 drfL'nd thfinfilns, wlu'ii thi y ''i-.ilt lii with thiin ; 
 »n>\ h.iil not oiilv kit nuMi aiimr ;H tliiin, with cim- 
 moililie* wliuh ilucmmlry Hum,! hi ih-ciI of, but li.nl 
 ■Ifo nuili' thi Dutch, who w> n- thi'ir ciiciniti i aiiil 
 endc.ivoiirt'J hy all the nitaiis he i-ouKI contrive, to 
 do tht illiniU gooj, i% thiy very will knew. To 
 thin th.y anfwiiul, th.it he minlit not hl.iine them 
 for heiny jenlom nf elirilli.iin, (iiue hotli the I'or- 
 tii(;iiele .inJ Dutch, for ni.iny ye.iri, hul done .u 
 lie liul done, th.it in the iiul, tiny found their de- 
 figii v/.\s to take their country from lliini. However, 
 at len;;th they apolo'-iled Tor what li.id hapiiened, 
 and buMine gooj friend^ again, and the tr.idc 
 
 for fpicc went (Ui linlkly. C.iptain Middleton, 
 
 after i.iding his Ihip, havin,; fome Hock led, 
 thou;.',ht he could not do liviiei, than to lay 
 it out ill the fame eomnioiliiiev. Aceordiiijily, he 
 laded JO tons more in the junk, aiul bought another 
 of 40 tiuis (on the (locks) with fpice to lade hei ; 
 Icavinj; Mr. Spaldini;; to come in her, and Mr. 
 Chapman for mailer, with tm others. After this 
 capt.un Middlet<in wiiit and tonk his !■ ave of all 
 the country, in a moll ibli:'iiig manner j ami bellowed 
 fcveral jjilis for a t.iuuet, intieating thcni to help 
 Mr. Sp.ildinj", if he IlioiiM ll.iiul in need of their 
 ainilaiKe ; for that in his ablVnce he mull rely on 
 tlieni. This they proniilid to do; addin;', many c.k- 
 Jirellions of klnllnel^, He was lorced to convey over 
 the Hopewell liiml'eli, and let fail the twenty-levrnlh 
 of Sepuiiibi r from I'lilinsay, with the junk, hav- 
 in;; Haiti .1 confiderahlc time loni;er in the country 
 than any Knglilhnian ever did helorc. He arrived at 
 the Ihipoii tFie loth ; and alter he was wholly laden, 
 they let fail from ICiilini; Day the fame day, without 
 toplails, which had been blown fioin the yard, (where 
 they had been ever linee the Ihip came into the coun- 
 try, for fear of the Dutch, or other treachery) in Ivr 
 Jiall'age from the place where (lie rode before, fevcn 
 cagues to the eallward J Ml, Davis havins; removcil 
 her by the captain". diiei'lions. Holding; on hiscourle 
 on the i<)thof October, he arrived at Mantam road ; 
 here lie found that Air. HenlAiirth, and Edward 
 Neelles, both died, foonalui he I ll them j fo that 
 all the goods remained, andiiot a vanl of cloth haviiii; 
 been difpofed of to the Chinefe. Mod of the lom- 
 panv bein;; Hill troubled with fore legs, and ni.inv 
 fickly, he left the uiifouiid on board, under the lai 
 of th: lar:eon, and manned the junks withtliofe who 
 were in psrleclt liealtli. There came in a I'mall (hip, 
 which after havinj; been at China, Japan, Ternate, 
 Macian, C'^romandcl, i'atancand Jor, went to Am- 
 bovna and Haiida, to leek for lading ; but not I'/ttinc; 
 any, was forci'd to repair to this port, to lade with 
 pepper. This fhip, when at Haiida, failini; near 
 Pulowav, tired her great guns at once, one of whole 
 fliot pili'ed through an Indian's boule, and two 
 fuckles of mace in the Knglilh lioul'e, Ihuek the pur- 
 fer's mate u)>oii the fliiii, and entering a chcft of fine 
 pintad'-e^-, I'poiled many of them : it ilid not break 
 
 the mate's 
 
 but the man was l.inic for li.x months. 
 
 Captain .Middleton contiived malieis l.i ni II .il R.iiii'a, 
 as to leiiiie his own ladin,; I'llli Inil dtluiUj^h the 
 Dutch 111 1 two gnat (hips hall lidiiibfue lis m- 
 riv.il, they could ikiI get luie (iM;;li' poiiii I ii| fpirc 
 alierw.irjs. At tlu lame tniieth.y weie it.itk lii.d li» 
 fee the Kii^;lilh p.ifn by tiieiii d, U' with tli, t coiiinu)- 
 diiy : thetiloie the y iletermiiud with th. ir (liips, to 
 take the illan.l, and lei/e the Ipici, whnli Ihiy kmw 
 ihecapt.iui hail bought, at (uih a time ..s Ihe) mi';hl 
 eilily have done 'it. Hut, thtir deligii milc.'ir- 
 ned i liir It priived calm wlv 11 they were iiil if ilic 
 harbour, thy cnuld not j^et in a.;iiii, and it being at 
 the time ol ipiiiig tide, the ebb let the (hiji to the 
 liuithwar.l ot the illaiid ; and the puiiuies wcii! 
 obliged Id lolldw the (liip>, ((.r f..ir ibe ciiiialt 
 Ihould have taken Ituiii. Alter l.ibMunng with all 
 their power for t>v<> days, to come li.uk, thiy weiu 
 lorced to pioettd hn llantini, to lade peppir. II iv- 
 iiii; been long becalmeil b) the w.iv, they l.iw a Ihip 
 light to leeward, whiih they thuiij lit, loiitdbenoiie 
 elK but Captain .Miildh ton : theiiloie it wasagiviJ 
 ill cniineil, to take him .ind all his Ipu e i but what 
 they difigiied to haie dime with the (Inp and lom- 
 paiiy, he could not luirii. It proud to be the I'lo. 
 viiicc of IJnll.iiKJ, il jrrcat ftiip ihit was bound to 
 K.iiula i and had been .11 tlu M.diiieas, butiouMiiot 
 get any Ipiee ( and were inlornied by llie otliir two, 
 th.it theyc.inie Inaii Ihiiida with them to lade pepper; 
 — Thus Ih. 1,11 ;,lilh lie. ped them. 
 
 Kinht Diitih lliips rame to Uantani fur pepper : 
 and lieciule lliey weie to Hay a year for hiding, they 
 took in planks, and materials for niakin • liankerv, 
 and llrengiliening their calllis at llanda, aiul leniate, 
 whither they went alter Captain MidJKtoii's arrival. 
 His lame company being veiy weak, fell liik, and his 
 gunner, anil one of his i|iiarter-maHct's ded, ami 
 ihrie mine liion alter. Therefore the (liiji Uing lilted, 
 the nellern monl'oon come, .niul no prolp.otof the 
 junks arrival befure May, he rel'olucl to return. Hut 
 if one of ihe junks had come, he would have rc- 
 miiiied in the country, and lined her logo for Sal- 
 danna. As ihey did not, he thought it n.uH for 
 the company's lervice, to leave the Indies, in or- 
 der to brin'^ home the (iiip, in cale Davis and Clay- 
 borne (liould die by the way. Three days before he 
 Huitted Uani.un, fiMir fail (part of a (leet of nine 
 (hips) entired the road. They brought a gre.it num- 
 ber of women to inhabit the places they had ron- 
 ipiered ; they were lii very weak, tliat the otlier fliip's 
 company viere lurced to fetch them in one bv one. 
 — C.iptain Middleton bavin;; Kit .t proper pcrfon in 
 eliar;;e of the houfe, and orders lor Mr. Spald- 
 ing, (when he arrived) to undertake a voyage to 
 Uorneo, lor diamonds, accordingly he departed fur 
 Bantam the 16th of November, and had a very good 
 pad'age to the road of Saldanna, where he caH anchor 
 on the iiHof Jaiunry, and took in water. He found 
 that his brother Ki: Henry Middleton, had arrived 
 there the 24ih of Jiilv, and'depaited the loth of Au- 
 ■ull. There he touiul the copy of a letter which Sir 
 Hiiiry had written to the company, and lint home by 
 
 a Dutch vell'el the day after he came into the road 
 
 This is all material that is recorded of the voyage in 
 this iclatioii. 
 
 THE VOYAGE of SIR HENRY MIDDLETON to THE RED SEA; 
 
 AND SURAT, IN 1610. 
 
 IN this voyage three (hips were eirployed : The 
 Trade's IiicrealV, of 1000 tons, the admiral. Sir 
 Henry Middleton commander 1 the I'eppcr-Coin, of 
 Vol.. I. No. 33, 
 
 250 tonji vice-admiral, Nicholas Dounton, captain, 
 and the Darling, of 90 tons : The Hark Samuel, of 
 180 tons burtlu;n followed at a vii^tuallcr. 
 
 5K Q,^ 
 
 I 
 
 \ 
 
 i! 
 
 
 
VOYAGES OF THE ENGLIsrf 
 
 On ihf tirllof May, 1610, the flfct mchoreJ in 
 the road of Cape VcrJc, under an ifland, where they 
 found a Frenciiman uf Dieppe fitting up u finall pin- 
 nace. Next day the carpenters of all the (hips went 
 about repairing thcmaininaft of the Trade's Increnl'c, 
 Pulling off the fiflies they found it tn a very bad con- 
 dition, and above the u| ')cr dcek, about tiiieo foot, 
 wrung more than half afundcr. Had they iilet with 
 any foul weather, it inuft have gone by the board. 
 1'hc 4th, they began to unlade the bainuci, and fcni 
 carpenters to cut down trees, having obtained leave of 
 the Alcayde, who came on board, and dir.cd with the 
 commander. Sir Henry gave him a jiiice of Roan 
 cloth, (bought of the Trenchman} and fomc trifles 
 bcHdcs. 
 
 On ttie I5tli, having made an end of watering, 
 »nd flowed ail their boats in the night, they p.cparcd 
 todtpait next morning. ('I'hc author lays. Cape 
 Verde was the belt place he knew for outward-bound 
 fhips, the road being c,\celKnt and good, and fit for 
 the difpatch of any bufmcfs, and well flocked with 
 fi(h i befidcj, it lay in their courfe.) Having confulted 
 with Captain Dounton, and themalter.s, what courfe 
 was beft, they refolved to hold on till they had palled 
 the line, anJ then to ftretch over eafterly. Here they 
 difmiflcd the Samuel. They entered the road of Sal- 
 danna, on the 24th of July, and faluted the Dutch 
 admiral with five guns, which he returned. There 
 were two other Dutch Ihips in the bav, which came 
 to make train-oil of Icals, and had filkd 300 pipes. 
 This day he landed, and found the nanus of Captain 
 Keiling, and others, in their return in January, i6oq, 
 alfo his brother David MidJIeton's, who came out 
 In Augull, 1609, befules a letter buried underground, 
 according to agreement between tliem in England; 
 but it was fo damp, that no part of it was legible. 
 'J'he 2f)th, they fet up a tent for tlie fick, and had 
 them all on fliore to air the Ihips. From this day, till 
 their departure, nothing material happened. The 6th 
 of September, before inght, thev canie loan anchor 
 in St. Augullinc's Bay, where they found the Union 
 in diftrefs for provifion. The yih, the commander 
 went on fhorc in his pinnace, to look for fitfli vic- 
 tuals, but could get none ; fo returned with wood 
 and water. On tlic iolh,co3lling the fhor-; with a good 
 gale, fouth-caft, they reckoned the (hip fhould have 
 lailed at leaft 26 leagues, yet went but 22 north, by 
 ic.ifoii of the cur.'er;t's fett'Pg fo thi' loiithward. The 
 12th, they fteered between north nortli-eaft, and 
 iiorth-by-caft ; their true way weftcrly one third of 
 a ))oint, latitude nineteen degrees forty-eight 
 minutes. The current, thefe latt foui-and-twenf, 
 hours, fet to the northward, wind variable. 'I lie 
 13th, they fleered with little wind and calms, for the 
 mod part north-by-eaft, the true way north, one 
 third part weft, the winds as the day Iwfore. She 
 failed 15 leagues laore than was cxpcdted, occaAoned 
 fey the current's fetting to the north-wclt ; latitude by 
 obfcrvatioi) 19 degrees 10 minutes. The 2Cth at 
 noon, latude 11 degrees, lo minutes, the wind veer- 
 ing eafterly, with calms, variation 12 degrees 40 mi- 
 nutes. This afternoon they law tlieiflands of C.)iie- 
 rimba, which are low and dangerous, being envi- 
 roned with rocks and flioals. The fitfl of Oi^lobcr 
 they fteercj norl'.i-cr.ft-by -north, 27 degrtcs, the 
 wind for the moll part fouth-eaft. 
 
 Holding their courfe for many days on the 17th, 
 early in the morning, they law llie Diias Hermanas, 
 fix leagues off, north by welf, the wind at fouth- 
 Wcft; variation 18 degrees, 55 minutes. The 18th 
 at night, they arrived at Socotra, and anchored in a 
 fandy bay, latitude 12 degrees, 25 minutes. In the 
 evening they took with their feiue grc.it plenty of firtj ; 
 wind call. The 21ft they plied for the road of Ta- 
 inerin, the chief place ol' the ifland j but the wind 
 being at eaft, and catt by fouth, it w.is the ?,5th be- 
 fore they could get thither. The latitude of Tamerin 
 12 degrees 30 minutes; the variation 19 degrees 18 
 minutes. The to An ftandsat the foot of high rugged 
 kills. The road is open bet .vccn the call by north, 
 
 .!6lO 
 
 and wc/1-by-north, they anchored in ten fithonvs 
 water, good ground. 'I"be25th, the commajider lint 
 Mr. Kernel, well accompanied on (hore, «i h a veil 
 of cloth, a piece of plate, and a fword-blaiic to thi; 
 kin^, who proniifed to fcrve them in every thing. 
 
 On the 26th, Sir Henry landing with the chief 
 merchants, and a guard of armed men, was .ondn^ii-J 
 to the kind's houle. That prince met him at his cham- 
 ber door. Being entered, and featcd by him in a chair, 
 there pafled many compliments, after whith the 
 commander enquired concerning' the trade of ilic 
 Rcd-fea. The king commended it higlily, faying, 
 the people of Aden and Mocha were good people, aiid 
 would be gbd to trade with him. He adde<l, that 
 the Afcenliun had dilpofed of her goods at high rates, 
 and came fo light into the place, that Ihc look in a 
 great deal of ballaft. This account picafed Sir 
 Henry, who then dtfircd to fet up his pinnace 1 the 
 king refuiing that liberty in this road, granted it at 
 the place where they firlt anchored : he was apprc- 
 henfive that if they ftaid to fet her up in Tamerin, 
 the merchants of other nations would be afraid ta 
 come thither. He gave free leave alfo to t.ike in 
 water, but faid he muft pay very dear for wood, i( 
 he had any; adding, that thofe of all other countries 
 who came thither, |iaid for their water, but of hira 
 he would demand nothing. He had fent all his 
 aloes to his father, the king of I'attacjue, in Arabia 
 Kiclix, whofe chief city and place of relidcncc was 
 called Cufliem. He cuafirmed the lofs of the Af- 
 cenlion and her pinnace. Sir Henry alked if they had 
 Jeft any letter behind them ? he fa.d, he had, but that 
 his fervant had loft it. He diffuadetJ the tommander 
 from feekiiig tr.\de in the country of Fartaque, foe 
 that he believed his father would not permit it: but 
 advifed him to go for the Red-fea. 'i'hey all diii.J 
 with the king that day. 
 
 On the 17th of November, as they fteered weft-by- 
 foutb, and wcft-fouth-weft along the coaft, about 
 ten o'clock they law a higli-'aiid, wiiich they ima- 
 ined to be Aden: it rofe like Abba del Curia, 
 and might be fecn a gieat way elf. In the evening 
 i.bout lix, they anchored in twenty fathoms water, 
 fandy ground, before the town ; which Hands in a 
 valky at the foot of a mountain, and iii:ikes a good 
 appearance. It was cncompafled with a ftone wall, 
 and delcndcd by forts and bulwarks in many places j 
 but how provided he knew not. This night a fniall 
 boat came out to view them : Itanding in, (the wind 
 at eaft-foutli-call) they were carried to the eaftward 
 by the cuircnt at leaft twenty leagues, to their 
 lurprifej fur they thought it would have fet to the 
 weft. A fmall boat from the town came on board ori 
 the 8th, v/ith three Arabs, who faid they were fent 
 by the liiutenant governor, to know what nation 
 tliey were of, and their bufincfs thither : adding, if 
 they were Eiigliflimen, they were heartily welcome; 
 and that the year before. Captain Sharpey had been 
 there, and from thence went to Mocha, where he 
 made fale of all his goods. One of them being allwi. J 
 the name and charaiSler of the balha : he aiiAvned, 
 " his name was Jaft'er Baftia, and that his prcdecetior 
 was very bad, this little better: an) that all the 
 Turks in general \v(yc good ior little." Alking 
 if Moclia was agood place foi trade- they anfwered, 
 " that there was a man in the tow n, who could buy alt 
 his merchandili;." Sir Henry fent his pinnace on 
 (hoie,- and John Williams, one of his factors, who 
 fpi'ke the Arabic langu.ige : they were kindly en- 
 tertained. Having fent tlie pinnace to gt^pilot 
 for Mocha, the town would not let them have .wiy, 
 without leaving three of the chief merchants in pledge. 
 However, feeing the fliips under fail, they entreated 
 Sir Henry to leave one for that port, proiiiifing tu 
 buy all the goods ; he thought fit to leave the Pepper- 
 corn there, and failed with tho other two lor 
 Mocha, therefore they did what they could to get 
 into the road again, hut could not, b;'ing carried tO' 
 ceward with the current. Having anchored to the 
 fouihward of the town, Mr. Fowler and John 
 
 VViiiiiims, 
 
i6io.] 
 
 + d GUINEA AND THE EAST INDIE?. 
 
 37J 
 
 on 
 lit 
 
 
 ')■>• 
 
 to- 
 
 he 
 hn 
 
 lis, 
 
 Williams, were fciit on flioic, to tell them he would 
 leave one of the (hips to trade, provided tiicy would 
 let iiim have a pilot ; they Iccnitd very glad, pro- 
 miflng to fend one next day. On the I2tli, Sir 
 Henry feeing no hope of any pilot, though olien 
 pruinired one, about noon fct fail along with the 
 l)arling, for Motlia ; the wind eal(-fouth-eal(. 
 'I'licy coafted the lliore, fomctimcs weft-fouth-wi(l, 
 and welf-by-north, in twenty-eight and thirty 
 t'atlioms, following a finatl fail till they loll fight of 
 her. On the 13th, they hild on their courle along 
 the fliorc all that night, fleering between weft by- 
 north, and moft by fouth ; their true way well. 'I'lie 
 next day betimes, tlicy faw the head-land guing into 
 tho ReJ-fea, riling liite an idand thirty lc.i;;ucs from 
 Aden. After they had palled the Streight of Babel- 
 mandel. Sir Henry feiit !iis pinnace for a pilot, to 
 A village on the north-ftlorc, in a fanJy bay, which 
 returned with a couple of Arabs, who toolc upon them 
 to be very Ikilful. 
 
 The depth in the Streight was between eight and 
 eleven fathoms water. Coafting the land north-by- 
 weft, and north-north-weft, in between eighteen and 
 twenty fathoms : about four o'clock they delcricd the 
 town of Mocha, and about five luffed in: but the 
 Wiml being high, they fplit their main top fail, and 
 hoifting their mizzen, it fplit likcwife. Here the 
 pilots ran the Trade's Increafe on fliure upon a bank 
 of fand. As the wind blew hard, and the fca ran 
 fomething high, they were all in fear ihc could nut 
 1>e got on. This night there came a boat on board 
 from the town, with a Turk, a haiulfoine man, font 
 by the governor to know what they were, and their 
 bufincls. Sir Henry told him, they were Englifti 
 merchants, who came to feck trade. He anfwered, 
 If they were Engllftimen, they were heartily wel- 
 come, and Ihuuld not fail of what they fought j for 
 that Alexander Sharpey had fold all his goods there, 
 and they might do the like. As for the ihip's goinjj 
 On fliore he m.ide nothing of it i faying, th.ttit was 
 common for great fhips of India to run agtound, and 
 yet that he never he.ird of any that fullaincd harm 
 thereby. He made haftc back to inform the a^a who 
 they were, promifing to return next morning, with 
 boats to lignteii the Ihip. 
 
 On the 14th, early, he returned with three or four 
 Turks more, of which two fpeke Italian. They 
 brought the commander a fmall piekiit from the 
 aga, with compliments, and oft'ers of any thing the 
 country afforded ; faying, he (hould hare as good and 
 I'rec trade as they had in Conftantinople, Aleppo, or 
 any part of the Turk's dominions. There came with 
 them four or five lighters, in which the Englifh put 
 any thing that came firfl to hand, to lighten the fhip ; 
 Mr. Femel went on fhore in one ot them, before 
 £ir Henry was aware, carrying all he had in the fhip 
 with him. They fcnt all their money, elephants 
 teeth and (hot, on board the Darling, and laying 
 out their anchors to pal's, in the evening they tried to 
 heave her off, but could not make her ftir. On the 
 25th, they lid what they could to lizhcen the fliin. 
 lenili'" 3 tome goods on (hore, and fonie on board the 
 Darling j Sir Henry had a letter from Mr. Kemel, 
 giving an account of his kind entertainment by the 
 sga i and that he had agreed to pay five per centi 
 Cuftom, for all they Ihoul fell ; and that what they 
 could not fell, (hould be returned on board cuftom 
 free. He likewife received from the aga htmfelf, a 
 letter under his hand and fcal, offering hiinfelf, and 
 whatever the country afforded at his fervice; About 
 five o'clock they bcg«n to heave at their capftancs, 
 and at length got the (hip afloat again. On the 19th, 
 (wo boats came from Mr. Kernel for iron, which the 
 commander fent ; but wrote word, that he would 
 (end no more goods till thofc already Lmded were fold. 
 Femel, in anfwer, informed him, that if lie intended 
 to trade, he mull come on (hore according to the 
 cuftom of the place, otherwife they would not be 
 pcrfuaded but that they were men of war. The aga 
 Itltcwifo fenc the interpreter to tell him, that if he 
 
 was a friend to to the great Turk, and a merchant 
 who expei^ted to trade, he entreated him to land | 
 alledging, that Captain Sharpey, and all the Indian 
 captains did fo. On the 20th', Sir Henry landings 
 w.is received at the water-fidc by feveral perfoiis ot 
 diltiniffion, and with niufic, brought to the aga's 
 houlc, where all the principal men of the town were 
 :ill"embled. He was received with all the marks of 
 friendfhip imnginnble. He was feated clofc to the 
 aga (all the rett ftanding] who loaded him with com- 
 pliments and welcomes. Sir Henry delivered the 
 king's letter with a prcfent to the baiha, which he 
 defired niiglit be fent up with all fpeed. lie likewife 
 gave the agaaprelent, which he received very kindly, 
 alluring him, that he (hould not have the leiift inu- 
 leftation in his trade ; and tint if any of the inhabi- 
 tants offered him or his people wrong, he would (jc 
 them fevc;ely pumfhed. After this, he caulcd him 
 toftand up, and one of his chief men put on him a 
 veil of ciimfon filk and filvcr, faying, he needs not 
 fear any evil, for that was the grand ligniof's pro- 
 tcdiun. Having taken leave, he mounted a fine 
 horfe with rich furniture, led by a man of rank, and 
 fo, with the mulic of the town was conveyed to the 
 Knglifh houfe ; where he dined, and prefently went 
 on board. The aga was very importunate with him 
 to ftay on (hore, which he yielded to^ in order to fee 
 his pinnace eonftructed. 
 
 The aga every day f;nt Sir Henry fome fmall prc- 
 fent or other with compliments j to know if he 
 wanted any thing. On the zlith, he lent twice to 
 delite him to be chearful ; and acquainted him, that 
 as foon as their time of fafting was over (which waS 
 almoft expired) he would have the commander ride 
 abroad with him to his gardens, and other places of 
 plcafure. The lame afternoon Mr. Pcmhcrton hav- 
 ing gone on (hore for cocoa-nuts. Sir Henry made 
 him ftay to fupper : after which, being ready to go 
 on board, the Turks would not permit him ; faying, 
 it was too late, but that in the morning he might go 
 as early as he pleafed. The commander fent to 
 intrcat leave for him, but they would not grant it. 
 All this time they fufpeiSled no harm, but imputed it 
 to over-much caution in the officers j who they 
 fuppofed had done it without order, of which, he 
 deligiied to have complained to the aga. Next day, 
 at fun-fet. Sir Henry caufed ftools (as was his cuftom) 
 10 be pi;!"-"!.! at the door, where he fit with Meifrs; 
 I'"emel and I'emberton, to take the frefli air. About 
 eight there came a janiftary from the aga, to de! ver 
 fome meffage to him; but not underftanding him, 
 the commander fent his man to look for one of his 
 company, who fpoke the Turkifh langu-ige* When 
 his interpreter came, he learnt the purport of th« 
 nuHage : which was, that the aga had fcnt his 
 l<;rvice, dcfiring him to be merry, for that he had 
 received good news from the ba(ha. As he was about 
 to go on. Sir Henry's man returned in a great fright, 
 and told them they were all betrayed 1 for that the 
 Turks and his people were fighting at the back of the 
 houfe. The TiTJc who fat by, being d..lwoiis td 
 know what the matter was, thcv told him : he rofe 
 up, and alked the fcrvant to (5iew him where they 
 were. Several of the Lngli{h ran after them, to fee 
 what was the matter, and Sir Henry hinifcif ran 
 after the reft, calling as loud as he could, to returrl 
 back and make good their houli:. But while he wa$ 
 fpeaking, he was knocked down by one behind him^ 
 and remained as dcid, tiil the extreme pain, in 
 tying his hands behind him,- brought him to his 
 fenfes. As foon as they faw him ftir, they lifted him 
 up, and two led him between them to the aga's j 
 where he found feveral of the compa/i'y in the fame 
 condition.- By the way the foldiers pillaged him of 
 his money and three gold rings : when thofe who had 
 efcaped with life in this malfacrcy nere brought toge- 
 ther, and put in irons: Sir Henry \Vith feven more, 
 were yoked by the neck in one chain, fome were 
 fettered by the hands, others by the feet, and twol 
 foldiers were left to guard them. In()i>iring into the 
 
 
 ! 
 
 yV., 
 
sSo 
 
 VOYAGES OF THE ENGLISH 
 
 r.'-«. 
 
 aft'.»ir, lie ua? inlormul, th.it Fiancis Shinny, John 
 Laiiflut, iiiiil f\\ more were kilU\l ; niul roiutccii ot 
 tliiilc I'lcfcrit wcro much wounJi-d : that thvir houfc 
 hiid bct-n lurrouiidtil witharnitil fnkliiT*, who, at the 
 inOaiit he was iVruck down, fell ujioii the Kii^lilh, 
 wh'i were «HMtc unarnud and drfi-nctltfs. 
 
 The Turks thus haviii;; reriirnl their jjerfons, thtir 
 next dcfij^n was to take thrir (hi|i< and gt>oc!s ; for 
 this piirpofe, about ton oVIikIc, they aimeJ ihiix 
 I'lCdt hoars with i 50 fuldiers iii them to take the Dar- 
 Iini;, which rode nc;!r the flion.-. Thit th'jynii;;ht 
 pafs for Chrillians, thiy took oft" their tuibans, and 
 hoatd'iif; her altojicthcr, entered mod of their men. 
 This was to fuddin, thatthncof the l>arlin;^\ ciew 
 were kilkd before they could git down ; the Kit -jiit 
 to their clofe fiuhts ; but by mirtakin,^ tUcir cifitnin's 
 command'-., the Turks K.ipul into the hoat, cut the 
 cables, and drove oft" with the curR'nt. By this time 
 the Diilin;^'sfnen hni! :;i't thrir weapons, the 'furks 
 ftandin" very thick in the w jiff, Isollowinc; ai-dciafli- 
 in;; their fwords u)ion the dcvk. One ol the cotn- 
 p.my tlirew a lar^e barrel ot ^un-pM»iler amonjft 
 theiii, and after it a firebiand, nliieh lixik fo ;^r>d 
 efteot, that feveral were hiirncsi. The reft, tor moiv 
 fafity, (as thev thciurjit) retired to iIk- hilf-deck 
 and tile poop, where they wi le annoixiJ with niiif^uct- 
 fhot, and another tniin of pmrdei, which foterriheil 
 thim, tli.it f.mie Kipul ioio the fea, others hun:; by 
 the fliip-fide, iniploiiiv; incirv, which w.is n<i(rohe 
 found i for the l.iilors killed ill they cue.ld find, .ind 
 the reif were drowned : only one nan wa-^ lived, who 
 hid himfelf till the fury of the liaht wj.; over, inJ 
 then received mercy. The hoar> ifturning, bioii;.',hl 
 news that the (hip was uken, for which there was 
 great rejoiciii;r, .ind the r.nvi tnor lento)}' the boats 
 a;^ain to biini^ her up to theto.\n; but when they 
 came to the pl.ico wliere flje uled to ride, rliey found 
 her ft.indini otf' under fail. Retuniin;;, they told the 
 aga, the fliip had efcaped, and (hat they h. lJ<ved the 
 Emirlal liahr, (lord of the fea) and his foidicrs were 
 all taken pritoiier'. This vims vcrvdifa;>retahle news 
 to him ; however, fome tiine hifoie day, hefenttluii 
 iiuerpretcr 10 tell them, that the fniali fhip was ta- 
 k-n, which Sir ILnrv bclieVL-d to be true; and afier 
 fun-rife, lending lor him, he ivent.don^ v'.ith his le- 
 ven yoke-fellows, to the a;^a, who allud him. How 
 hedurft he fobold as to come into this port of .Vlocha ■ 
 He anlwertil. That th« caule of his c<Mniii<^ thither 
 was not uiikno.vn to him, havin:^ loni» bvlore nc- 
 qiiainted i.iiii with it; ar.d lli.'t he iliJ nil land, but 
 ;ir his dcdre, ami after many piomifis of kind iilV^e. 
 Theaija infuKd that ir was not lawful for any Cl.ril- 
 ti.in to CiMTie lo near ilitir holy city; this Ixiii.' the 
 port or door for it ; and th.st the b.illu had txprefs 
 oiJcrs fri.'i.! tile CI real lurk, to 111. ikc (laves of all 
 Chriftians w'lo flionld enter thofe feus, even although 
 they IhouKl l;e.ve his o\en pifs. Sir flenry replicxl. 
 That tlic fault vya.. his, for 1.01 telling him (o at firft, 
 Viut dtlu liiin him witli fiir pioniifes. The a|'a then 
 gave him a letter of Captain Dounton's M resrd, 
 whieh eainc from .'XJen, <lAti\l lon» bflore : the pur- 
 poit was, that two of his nv. rehants and the purler 
 were iletaincd on (hore, and that thev \v<iuld not ho 
 rth.^.lVd without landiirr of meiehandife, or p;iviiii 
 J5r.o V'enetianos lor anchorage; witlial deliringSir 
 Henry 10 adv ilc him what he had hell to do. 
 
 Alter he had read llie lettei, the aga demanded t< 
 know the contents of ir ; which, beinir told to him, 
 he laid, that fince the wntiraof it, the (liip had left 
 Aden, and was coming to Mocha ; but in the way 
 ftruck on a lock, and was loll, with all the ^too'ls 
 :iiid men. Ihc aga then dcrireil liiin to write a letter 
 on hoard, to know how many I'urks were in the 
 fmall (liip. Sir Henry told him, that it would be 
 ncedlels, Inicc ilic was in his own poli'efiiop. He 
 replied, that fhe was once in their hands, hut h.id 
 been refcue-d by the Rre.it fliip. This iiiau'e loiiie 
 iiniends for she other bad news. The aga then piell'cd 
 him to W'l ite to them on board the great (hip, to yield 
 bcr into hi^ bands; f.<ying, he would let Ihcm have 
 
 thcfm.ill (liip to carry them hi^ni'-. Pir H.nr. f-d, 
 it would be ridiculous to write any loch thin;.', fi/r 
 that they, who were on board, and had thrir liheity. 
 were no iiich folks as, iipon his Irncr, to t'.ive uf 
 the Ihip, and come on lliorc to be Haves. Mis .11)- 
 fwcrwas, that heknev if their ojmm.uidet wt<nc to 
 that cJfetl, thev dur(l not dilobey him. Sir lletity 
 then told him pfainly, that be would write no fuvJi 
 hller. 
 
 He then crqulrcJ what f]u?nt3»y of moiwv was !n 
 the (hip; Sit Henry (aid, there was but little i im4 
 that not to I ly out 111 merchandife, but t\> buy vic- 
 tuals. He ttii-n afieJ whit ftrjrc of ri£iuals and «*- 
 ter w»son lioard ? The commander told him, i-noagh 
 lor two years, which he would not believe ; he iiii^tj 
 tJ\'-m oiK-e more to write for them to nnrir on flioi*, 
 .MiJ yield the fliip, thteateninr; otluTwife «o cut vfH' 
 his lirad. Sir Henry liiJ him do fo •, f«ying, that 
 It would be tlotng liira a jreal plcalure, (ior that lie 
 wa'i weary of his lifvi but to write fiich a letter he 
 ntstT would, upon ihi=, being txken nut of hischain 
 .i«d collar, in order 10 be fqinateti ficsn the «(!•, * 
 great puir of fetKTS wa-s put upon his Ic<5S, aoi 
 ittaimaeK'S iipr.n his ^vri(^s. He wns lodjjed .ill thst 
 day in a .Jiviy dng-kvnnrl, under a pair cf ttairs: at 
 ni'^hr, at the tnrrcaty of Shettnalli conful of tlie 
 B.iiinians, he \\.\s taken out, altii placet^ in abetter 
 ro'>m, with one of his failcrs, who fJX^ke Tui-fciflu 
 (lowfver, f.iysthe author, his bed wisthe hard ground, 
 and his pillow a ftone. His companions ueio grief olf 
 heart, and a multitudeof r«<=, which, il hevhanccd 
 to fall aBccp, foon awakmcd him with runuin^ over 
 him." 
 
 The aga's lienttnant, and their di ugonrsn came at 
 midniffbl, .tnil iiiti..ifi-J him in very feothing tenms to 
 write on board, to know how m.uiy TiiiVs were pri- 
 foners, and what weie their names ; but by no means 
 to mention any thing relatin.> cither to the lofs ot his 
 men, or his own haidufage ; on ihecontrary, he ail- 
 vifeil him to fav, that they were detiined in the .13''* 
 houlc, till firther orders r.«ne from the baflia; and 
 thjt thev wanted f(^r noihing. Accordinglvt Sir 
 Hinrv wrote, to the fame eft'ect thev defireJ him ; Iwt 
 at the fame time advifcd litem to look well to their 
 fliips, and not to (utfer any of their men to venture 00 
 ihore, for fear of tie.ichery. This letter they after- 
 wards !hrwe»! to n\o or thixx of the other pnlonersj 
 to fa- whether Sir Henry havl written actxirding to 
 their iiiftruclioiis. However, \t w.is not lent .at tliat 
 time, becaulc ihcy could not get any Iwdy to cany it: 
 vet, at liiiiiih, they met wilh a man who undeitodt 
 to iKlivcr it on h.urd, providal the commander wc/uld 
 write to them to ofe him well. This man was born 
 in runis in Barbary, and fiwke ^;o(MJ Italian. Sir 
 Henry wrote the letter as they defircd, which wa» 
 pcruled like the former, and next ilay lent on board. 
 The purport of the anfwerwas, that nil the Tutks 
 were ilain or dl■owlK^I, excepting one. whofe name 
 was Rufwan, a coniinon foldier, and that they I'cie 
 glad to hear the commander was alive j for Riilwaa 
 told them, he thought all the Eiiglifli wen -. li J- 
 Sir Henry and the reft continued in this niifcry till (he 
 I 5th of December, not hearing any thing Ir/im the 
 Ihips, nor the fliip'. from tlwm. Tlie aga often came 
 to iiim, (iimetiines by thicats, at other tilne^ hi lair 
 means, urtjng him to write for thofe on b<jard to » ome 
 on flioR', and deliver up the (hips •, Sir Hen. 1' (til! an- 
 fweriiig him as he did at firft. He was parlieularly 
 iiiquilitive about their piovirion*, having been in 
 hopes that for want of water and victuals, they nuilV 
 at l;.l( he I'urrendernl to him, knowing that they eould 
 not have wind to carry thrm out of the llreights till 
 May. He faid, lie wondered how fo pn-at a charge 
 could be borne with fo (mail a (tock. Sir Henry an- 
 fisered, that his nation had faeUiries in f veial pans of 
 India, which h.id Cock enough to loid them in call; 
 they had brought no (lock at all with iliein, and that 
 the llock they hai! was fiifficient to load his (hip with 
 pepper. — Tluile on (hip-board fated but ill them- 
 lelvcs though at Iibcity, riding in aa open and wide 
 7 road. 
 
i6id;] 
 
 TO GUINEA AND THE EAST INDIES. 
 
 IM- 
 
 in 
 mil 
 
 ;ui- 
 iof 
 iile 
 hat 
 ith 
 m- 
 iJe 
 
 road, the wimi blowing continually hard at foiitli 
 luuth-eaft, inclol'cd round wich flioals, and their wa- 
 ter beginning to tail ; becaufe they bad ftavcd 50 
 tons to lighten the (hip at their coming un ground : 
 btfidcs, having nothing from land, put them tu their 
 wits ends, as not knowing well what courlc to take. 
 At length, one John Chambers offered to go on (hore 
 to fee what was become of the reft, chufing rather 
 to run all haiards, than fee men living in fuch per- 
 plexity. On the 15th of December before-mentioned, 
 being fcnt with a flag of truce upon a finall ifland, 
 a little to the windward of the town, having one of 
 their Indians with him for his interpreter. Tliey were 
 brought before the aga, who afked him, How he durft 
 be fo bold as to come on fhnrc without leave f Hean- 
 fwered. That he was a meliengcr, and came with a 
 flag of truce, which was permittetl among enemies. 
 The aga alked, what meflage he had tu deliver? He 
 replied, a letter to the commanderj and faid h(f ftiould 
 be glad if he would give him leave to fee how his 
 countrymen did. They examined him and the In- 
 dian very iiridlly, as to the quantity of viiflujls and 
 water in the mips; and their anfwcr agreed exaitly 
 with Sir Henry's. They then brought him to the 
 con inlander's cell ; and, coming out of the light, it 
 was a great while before he could fee. He delivered 
 the letter with watery eyes. After acquainting him 
 in what manner he came thither, Sir Henry told him, 
 he thought they would not permit him to return on 
 board ; for that not many days before, they had de- 
 tained one of the Pepper-corn's men, who came from 
 Aden with a letter to him. He anfwered. That he 
 came with a refolution to (hare his fuftcrings, if fuch 
 were their refolutions. But contrary to his expeiSa- 
 tions, the Turks let him and the Indian return to the 
 boat, with Sir Henry's anfwcr, with leave to come 
 again if they had occaflon. Next day Chambers re- 
 turned alone, for the Indian was fo frightened, that 
 he durft not venture. The commander's man fcnt 
 fevcral things hv him tu his mader, but the aga was 
 his receiver, .\iii\ kept them for his own ufe. This ho- 
 neft man having done all in his power, returned on 
 board, and left him to his mifery. But when the 
 captives leill expceled it, they met with fome relief : 
 for on the i8ih of December, there came from Zc- 
 nan an aga, captain or chief of the Chiaous, with 
 orders to bring up the Englifli. As foon as he alighted 
 he was defirous of feeing the commander and the reft. 
 On this occafion, there were three chairs brought into 
 his room, in which Rejib Aga, Ifmael Aga, (the 
 mcflenger from the hafha) and Jafftr Aga feated thcm- 
 fclves. Rejib Aga began by alking him, How he durft 
 be fo bold as to come into that country fo near the 
 Holy City, without a pafs from the Cirand Signior ? 
 Sir Henry anfwered. That the king his matter, was 
 in league and amity with the Grand Signior, and that 
 in the articles of peace between them, free trade was 
 allowed the EnglilK throughout his dominions, of 
 which Mocha being a part, they needed no pafs. He 
 anfwered. This was the door of their Holy City, and 
 that therefore, it was not lawful for any Chrittian to 
 come thither. He likcwife demanded. Whether he did 
 not know that the Grand Signor's fword was long f 
 The commander replied. That they were not taken oy 
 the fword, but by treachery ; and that if he and his 
 people were on board, he cared not for the length of 
 his, nor all their fwords. The aga faid. It was proudly 
 fpoken, and again urged him to write a letter, com- 
 manding all the men to come on (here and yield them- 
 fclvestoihc baiha, to which he received the former 
 anfwcr. Ifmael Aga broke off this idle difcourfe, by 
 telling Sir He.Try, that he came from the baftia 
 with cxprefs orders to conduct him and his peo- 
 ple to Zenan (or Scnaa,) adviling him to fend on board 
 for warm cloaths, for that tlicy would find it very 
 cold in the mountain country. The commander ii>- 
 trcated, that if pofftble, his men might be fuffcrcd to 
 go on board ; and that he and a few more might be 
 fent up. But Ifmael faid it was not in his power to 
 vrant it, for that it was the baflia's orJcx tlkcy ihould 
 Vol. I. N" 33. 
 
 
 
 all attend him, However, Rijib faid, he flioulcl hav'; 
 hisdcfire in part, and that only Hvc more llimild if> 
 with him, the reft remaining where they were till fur- 
 ther orders. The 20th, Captain Dounton, in tb-: 
 PeppcT-coin came into the road from Aden, to vvliom 
 Sir Henry wrote what he thought proper. 
 
 The irons were knocked oft" the legs of the Engliflij 
 excepting the carpenters and fmithsj and fome ficlc 
 men, wlio were not able to travel. On the 22d or 
 December, the carpenters and fmiths wtic kipt there- 
 to build U|> the pinnace. The commander and ^.(.i.ioro 
 were appointed to go up for Zenun, the chill city ot 
 the kingdom, where tlie bafha refules. About four 
 o'clock, they fctout of Mocha, all the company be- 
 ing mounted upon atlef, except Sir Iltiuy and Mr. 
 Kernel, who had horfes. About ten at nij,ht, biin^; 
 ten or twelve miles from Mocha. Mr, Pi iiihtrti>ii 
 (lipped away from them. The company niilUd him 
 preiently, but faid nothing, except praying lor 
 iiis efcapc. About one in the mornin";, whin they 
 came to their inn, at a town called Klowl!:, they 
 counted them, butdid not mil's him; butnc-.tri'V; 
 about four in the afternoon, when they lit out, tliey 
 counted them again, and tound one milling. The ;i;;.i 
 un this, inquired of Sir Henry, whatnumbtruf tltni 
 fct out of Mocha ? He anfwered, he could not well 
 tell, but thought there were 34, The ag.i f.iid, thci\; 
 were 35, and that now there was one Ids ; the other 
 replied, it was more than he knew,— ^Mr. Pember- 
 ton was moved to this .-ittempt by feeing fo many of 
 them carried up together manncKd, with a captain and 
 a guard of foldiers to conduct ihemj from whence hi; 
 concluded nothing could enfue bui flavery or death. 
 Sir Henry however, found feveral friends among them. 
 There was one Hamed Aga, who lent him ni;iiiy pre- 
 fents, and advifod him not to be dojeded, for that Iiij 
 caufe was good. He alfo fcnt him and his people 
 provifion of bread for their journey, and hii letters to 
 Abdalla Chelabi the Chiaous. The conful of the 
 Bannians vifitcd Sir Henry ev try day, and nev r failed 
 daily to fend each man (being 50 in number) two 
 cakes of white bread, and a quantity of dates or plan- 
 tanes. He fet out from Mocha two days befoic 
 them, promifing, at his departure, to do them all the 
 fervice he could with the balha, which promife he 
 well performed. 
 
 They arrived at the city of T.ayez (four days jour- 
 ney from Mocha) on Chrillmas day, and were coii- 
 duiflcd into the city, two and two in rank, as they do 
 at Cunftantinople with captives taken in the wars : 
 Their aga rode in triumph as a great conqueror, bcin^ 
 met a mile out of the town by the cViief men of tho 
 city on horfeback ; and the road, for that fpace, was 
 lined with multitudes of people, who ftood gazing at 
 them. Thus they made their entry into all the cities 
 and towns through which they pafleJ. A lad of Mr. 
 Pemberton's falling fick in this town, was left with 
 the governor i and from this time forward. Sir Henry 
 obli:rved it was very cold all the way from thtnce to 
 Zenan, their lodging being the bare ground. He boujihc 
 the men who were but thinly cloathed, furrrd gowns, 
 otherwifo he believes they would have peri(hcd w nit 
 with cold, He was but ill provided himlelf, becauCe 
 he could not be perfuadcd, when he was at Mocha, 
 that it could be lb cold as they faid it was : but he 
 found the ground covered every morning wuh boat 
 froft ; and at Zenan, which liis within 16 degrees 
 55 minutes of the line, they li,.d ice a linger tliick in 
 one night) which Sir Henry could not have credited 
 if he had not been an cyc-w itnefs of it. Theyv^ere 
 15 davs on the road between Mocha and Z.nan, The 
 5th of Janii iry, two hours before day, ihey camd 
 within two miles of the city, where ihoy lay uport 
 the ground till after fun-rile, being fo benumbed wiilx 
 colJ, that when they got up, they wet'.- fcarce able 
 to ftand. About a mile >m this lide they were met bv 
 the fubaftia, or (herilf, and about 200 men with 
 drums and trumpets, i hey caufed the foldiers to K.-id 
 the way, and the Englilh to follow one by one, at 
 foniB diilancc from cacli vtlicr, to make tlie beitet 
 i ¥ ftiuw' 
 
 .' 
 
 I , 
 
 I! 
 
 I !l 
 
 f 
 
3*2 
 
 VOYAGES OF THE E N G J, I S ri 
 
 [lOII. 
 
 fliow. Their ynwns boinj> takrii from tlu-iii, tlicy 
 wcri: lortfd t.i march nii foot in tluirtliin and rai,i;(il 
 iiiiis. I'liu lliij) truin)>ctcrs win' pl.iixJ iu:xr, and 
 •ird.rid liy tlu' .i_'i to lound ; bin the i-oniinaiidcr, 
 who canii- afiiT with Mr. 1- uind on huilc-batk, 
 fo:liid thvin. Their a!;a liroui^ht up the re ir, riding; in 
 triiiinph, vviili a I]i.\ti: horfe liililv furiiiflud, k-dliJire 
 hull. " In this order, (fivslh. author) lliey marched 
 -throu.'h the city to the catlle, aii tlie way beini; 
 fo cri/u dcd Willi people, they could fcarcely pal's. At 
 the (irlf ^atc there was a large guard of foldiers : the 
 fccolid (;atc had before it two ^reat guns ready 
 mounted. Having lialled it, they came inio a fpacioiis 
 ciairr, twice the len;;th of the Roval ^^\cllanl;c in 
 London. The foldieis at the ijaie Hrcd their pieces, 
 and then they placid iheniUUes i^n each fide the 
 wav, ainon^ m..ii\ others, who w<ri there whi n they 
 came; the commander, as loon as he entered into the 
 C Hirl, alij'lilol, and was placed on i lie lide with the 
 men, wh.ie they had not been K.n ; b.forc he and 
 Mr. I'emel, weie bioni;ht bclore the I alha. It wris 
 their ili»an or council li.iv. At the fai'fhercnH of the 
 arcn, they went up (l.'.iis of tw;Kc (K-ps. At the 
 loj', two uT. at iiv 11 c: n.c and t(.,-.k Sir Henry by the 
 wniK, and holdiii.; him very li;'nl, ^ led him to tlu 
 baflia, who fat at tiie uppi r eiul of a Ion;; fpacious 
 palleiv, m:inv liolles (landing (n each fule of him j 
 otheis' Itood on i i^lier fide, from the lower part of the 
 };allerv lothiupp;.rend, which made a U'lod appearance. 
 The ill or was ccveied over witli Tuikev carpets. 
 J'ir Henry bein^ con\e within two yards of him, was 
 (topped. Inim.-di it.ly the bolha, wiih a fiowning 
 and an^rN countenance, dmianded what dunirv he 
 was of, and what broirjlit him into ilmfejiirts r The 
 romniander anfwcicd, 'I'hat lie was an i:nE;liili 
 nieichnnr, and biiii;; friend to the Cjrand Siunior, 
 raiTieto (eek trade there." 'l"he b.ifha (.lid, " It was 
 not l.iwlul for ;;;■) Chrirtian to put his foot in that 
 coiintiv ; ai'.d, tliat he h.id warned Captain Shar|wv, 
 to c'Ution tho(e of his nation to come no more 
 thilhir." Sir Henry replie.l, " Tliat Cajilain Shar- 
 p-y wis call ;iway up :i the Coal! of India, and 
 tirrivi ' not in Kiii^land to tell tlicm ; that had thiy 
 known to much, they (liould never ha\c ^ot into the 
 
 trouble they were- in : lleadileJ, lliat Rij!b A:'a was 
 the ni.in who IkuI ahafed him, by telliivj; him his 
 nation was wilconie into the couiiiii j .ind that ihe\ 
 ftoulJ have as fieo trade, as they h...l in any part (f 
 'I'urkfv i that he had m.idc him many other fair 
 iitcmiie,', r.s to ihi ir (ecuriiy J yet tliar, comrnry to 
 lii- v.-or.', he had ahaulttd them with r.rmcd folficrs, 
 murd-nd ilveral (<f his men, and taken himfeli', and 
 tliC refl: Mnioncrs." 
 
 " The bailia anfwcr'--d, ihit Rcjib w.is but his 
 "ive, ar.! h.ul r. i pover to make anv fuch promiles, 
 vvitii"i;t his li.ive; lh\t vhat had bef.lllen him and 
 his people, was by his order, purluant to one of the 
 like nsture from tleCjrand Si^nior to hinifelf, com- 
 m.liu'in^ him to c lallile all Chrillians who lli'.uM 
 lome iiuo ihofe | arts. Sir Henry tolil him ; they 
 liad leceived great damaLre : and that if it plcafed him 
 ti let Mm riturn to ihi ir fliips it would be riiliicieni 
 \. .iiiiii.; to his inti n againlt venturin;; thither lo: 
 ih • future. The bafha replied, he could not let 
 li'.;n 4ei)iirt J but that hc'fliould llay tin i.- :-iul v.-ritr 
 to the .m.baiTador at Stanihol, and that lie woulJ 
 write hiuilelf likewile to the Cjrand Sienior, to Lnov. 
 his picafirc concerning them ; and^whether he would 
 peniiir them to trade there or not. Upon this he 
 dilinilled Sir Henry I'or that time, biddiiw' himtoj^o 
 to l!ie lod.:i; :; .n|>pointcd for him, and take with hi"i 
 f ur or five tr.ci .', futh as h.e thcu.Jit fit. He, and 
 thof'e he made choice of, we .? conveyed to the keeper 
 t.f the pril-ii's h lufe ; and the rcil carriid to Ih^ 
 common i.iil, wlicrclhcy We'r:clapped in wei^^hty irons. 
 
 " Wli 11 th"V Wer- till' lirniiaiit befoic i!ie h oi.i, 
 or.' el ihe I;;!--, thiiikin;; Sir H.nry was fol.dto 
 liive bis I.'. 1.1 If'ucli ofr", .-.nd that it would h- his 
 own turn I'-l 1 nj after, f 'I iuKi a Iwoon with l..ir : 
 anJ upon that titkeninj:, (hjitly alter died.~" 
 7 
 
 On »he 6th >( (anuarv, the b.iflia's cl.arus, or 
 lieutenant of thi kingdom, feiit for Sir Henry to 
 breaktall with him j which being over, the com- 
 mander j\ave him ;. very particular account, how 
 treacher lully and vilely he had be( ii uftd by Rejib 
 Aga. I'hisolHter hade l.im be of good cheer, ;indiiot 
 think of things pall, which could not Iw remedied: 
 faying, he doubted not but all would lie will in a 
 little time : and that Ills bell endeavours to feive him 
 fbould not be wanting. Shermal, the Hannian of 
 Mocha, had made this man his friend. Sir Henry 
 then departed with iiis keeper to prifon, where he was 
 in better (pirits than betore. 
 
 On the 7th the chiaous fent for him to liis rarden, 
 wheiv he tealted him and Mr. Femel, tilling him, 
 that ftiortiv he and his people fliould be fet at liberty, 
 and (eiit to iVloeha, where he Ihould have redrefs of 
 all his wrongs. He piomifed likewiie to be his friend, 
 and bilore many great perfonagcs, (both Turks and 
 Arabs) declared wh.it kindiiefs he did him, was 
 purely fur (iod's fake j but Sir Henry concluded, it 
 was in hopes of fome great reward. Hamecl Aga's 
 letter did them ore.it (ervicc. The fame day there 
 came to town a .\1'H>r of Cairo, who was an old ac- 
 quaintance ol the balba's, and had lent hini larjn; 
 turns (if money at his coming from Conftar.tinopte, 
 (V Inn he was but poor, '^hi^ man was next neigh- 
 bour to the Kiiglilh at Mocha, wlun thiy were 
 betrayed J and had a Ihip in the road, bound for 
 India, which he greatly feared their Ihips would have 
 taktii, in revenge of the wrongs ofleied them ; but 
 they let her depart tjuictly, contrary to his ex- 
 pectation i fo that he became tlicir (launch friend. 
 He wrote a letter in their behalf to the baiha, 
 wherein he Mamed bim much for ufing them fo 
 hardly : faying, he went a way by fuch meafures to 
 deltroy the country and its tr.ule. At his vilit to the 
 balhn, he not only repeated what he had written, 
 but lu.il a great eleal more upon thecccafion, advifing 
 h:m to leturn the Knglilh all their goods, and fend 
 thi-m away contented. 
 
 .Mr. Fowler, and eighteen more of the com^nr, 
 will arrived fior.i Aden en the 17th, were af:erwards 
 put into a common dunieon in irons, and fed on 
 biov.n bread and water by tlie baflia's order; but 
 Sir Henry found means to lupply them better. Sir 
 Heiirv having agreed to give 1 5C0 venetianos to for- 
 ward his bubnels, was afterwards conveyed before the 
 baIha, who was. prepared lor the reception. 
 
 In this la(f confeience the bu(ha behaved with affa- 
 bility to Sir Henry, and bade him keep up his fpiiits, 
 and alliired him tliat h- and bis people fliould Ihoitly 
 be fet at l.'berty, and lent to Mocha, thete to icmain 
 with tvv nty-nine more (the rilt being lent on board) 
 till all the (hips of Imiia were come into the port, and 
 the wind fettled wcHerlv, after which they alio Should 
 be Cent on board, and luftcred to proceed to India: 
 but Sir llenrv in vain petitioned to have his g'lods 
 rcllored, the baIha informina; him that they were 
 placed to the acceiunt eif the Grand Signior; but rc- 
 I'e atedly allured him that as to his people, they fhould 
 be rrftored to a man, and that even if he Iml a 
 Tu ikilli (lave, that fl.ive fliould not be detaineil. He 
 leee ived the tiielilh commander's thanks, and apo- 
 I eil'ed on his own part for what had pall'-d, at the 
 lame lime he gave the Isnglilh to undeiHand, if anv 
 more of his countrvnif ti came into thole parts to 
 inime the trade (.f the b..flias of Cairo and Swaken, 
 they miidit expee-f lo have their Ihips and goods coii- 
 
 ileaitel, " and to be ll.iin 
 
 n.aile llave--, which he 
 hopi'd would ferve for a warniiig to tlv.in and other 
 nations. At another vifit they made this 'lurk, 
 j;uing him joy of his dignirv, (he being created 
 a vifir) they wvw. well rec.ueel ; preimili s were re.- 
 rc'.ved, and Sir Henry ami iVIi. Kernel were ailinilted 
 to the honour of k iiiiigliis hand. 
 
 In the menu time many of the Kn<>lifli falling lick, 
 
 th.ir comtniinde r cealel not his fohcitations till he 
 
 111 their ill lie ei. nee out of piiTon. He was now 
 
 mloiuicJ that Rejib A^a had dclircd the captives 
 
 mij;ht 
 
i6ii.] 
 
 TO GUINEA AND THE EAST INDIES. 
 
 .X\! 
 
 might be fcnt to Aden, by wliiih means, be faiil, 
 his town of Mocha and liah vilills as might pafs the 
 Strcights of tiabeimaiidcl \.ou!d I>l' r;:curc ugainlt 
 any attempts of the EiV;l!i. Hut their friend the 
 ihuous contrived to render i.'rs I'.heme abortive. 
 
 When the coninuiidtr ag^iiii lAaited on the baflia, 
 he received another (blcmn warning for his country- 
 men to come no more into thofc (eas. Sir Henry 
 however, begged that in cafe any of them flioulJ 
 come thither before his advices ihould be received, 
 they might not be betrayed or ill-treated. He couUI 
 obtain no promlfc of this kind ; hut on his be;.'glng 
 the balba would write to Rejih Aga In his lavour, 
 received aflurances that the aga durll: not injure him, 
 the ba(ba faying, with great pride, " Is not my 
 Weill. aluixe luffirient to turn a whole city upfide 
 down ? If Rijib Aga wrongs you, I will pull his 
 (kin over his cars and give you ids bead. Is he not 
 my (lave?" And with this aniwer Sir Henry was 
 obliged to be contented. After this, he commanded 
 the chi.ious to write his difpalch, who. In the 
 lail place demanded an anfwer to the kind's letter, 
 but he could not get any. 
 
 JJeIng returned from the bafha's he begged the 
 chiaous would get him pcrmillion to purchale a 
 fword, that ho might not ride down as a priluncr, as 
 he had come up. The 'I'urkifh ehicl' hearing of 
 .this, fent him luie of his own old fjoidsj but the 
 chiaous was more generous, and the fame morning 
 prclented his Englllh friend with ico pieces of gold, 
 which, added to hfty be had lent him before, was 
 no contemptible gift to one in fuch a lituation. 
 
 The prifon dues being paid, and all things got in 
 rcadinels for the departuie of the Englifll, Sir Henry 
 having breakf.ilted with the chiayus at his garden, 
 received his dilpatchcs, and the next day took his 
 leave, and left the place. 
 
 The city of Zenan (or Senaa) is dcfcrlbed as being 
 about the llxe of Briltol. The houfes they found 
 built of lime and (lone, and oblerved that water and 
 wood being far fetched, were deir there. I'he baiha 
 relided at the calHe on the call fide. The houfc of 
 the keeper of the prifon wheie Sir Henry Middleton 
 was confined, was conti!;uous to the city wall j at 
 the foot of it was a yard, where a great r.uniber of 
 people, mollly women and children, were detained as 
 pledges to infure the loyalty of their parents and 
 relations. While the boys were little, they ran 
 about at liberty, but when grown big, were fettered 
 and removed to a ilrong tower, there to be kept 
 during the tyrannical governor's pleal'ure. The 
 women and children who remained In the yard, lived 
 in cottages. The latter went ainioit n.iked, and 
 were as wild as mountainetrj. 
 
 Sir Henry, picvious to his departure, had procured 
 a letter from the cliiaous for the purpofc of getting a 
 boy of Mr. I'emlierion's dillvtred up, who swis laid 
 to have turned Mahometan. However, when he 
 came to Taye?. he demanded him, and produced the 
 letter In vain, as that oftiecr had only written to the 
 aga to deliver him In cafe he had not changed his 
 religion. After all, the youth had only been infti- 
 gated to this change bv threats, and received the feal of 
 their Mahometan faith by an act of violence ; but to 
 plead all this was of no avail, and Sir Henry was 
 cbllccd to give up the point. 
 
 He arrived at Mocha on the i 5th of March, about 
 five In the morning, after a journey of fixteen days. 
 Here Sir Henry learned that Mr. Peniberton, whom 
 lie never cxix'ited to fee more, had lighted on a ca- 
 noe, and got on board. The Arabs here biihaved 
 very civilly, welcoming the Englifh, vtliofe hard 
 treatment by the Turks had not Iwen at all pleafingto 
 them. Sir H nry, MttlVs. IVn-el and I'livvler, were 
 brought before the aga, who received th.m with great 
 fen>ing kindnefs, excufing himfelf for what had 
 pali'd, obferving, that he had done nothing hut what 
 he had in charge troni his nii'der. 1 he Kiiglilh com- 
 mander, found th rt w.w no other way liuttomtct 
 his dlflenibling with equal ditlimulaliun, and accord- 
 
 ingly, lillerii"g to the 'I'lirk, anfu-rred bini mildly, 
 but gave fiiiali ciedit to his piot(.ltatioii>. He w.n 
 invited to fealls, and othcrwlfe 11 .to red, bul lh"iig!i 
 a haiiill'uiiie hoiile hail hi en taken for him by the wau r ■ 
 fide, the ag.i, f1.11 fill of his elcaping, rinuHed liini 
 to another in the iiii.lu'li- of the town, where he u.is 
 luffieienlly watched I'.iid giiauled at night, by a com- 
 pany of f, Idlers. '1 lu!v, and other circunillanees, 
 made that conimaiuler |'l..n the means of efeaping, 
 which altera dil'a|>polnlincnt, uecafioned by his being 
 more careful of others than of himfelf, was however 
 at la(t, efteiUd In the (bllowiiig maniKr : 
 
 The Darling being arrivul on tl'.eClh of Apiil, an 1 
 thebafha with ail his chief men riding out l'> huplea- 
 fure-gardin on the iiih; Sir IKiiiy, gl.id <t this 
 opportunity, refolvid to put his long-deterniin, d de- 
 fign of efcpiiig, ill |)i.n.'liee 1 for llainid Aga, and 
 oiherv, had told him, that th.' bafha would net p.r- 
 form his word, unlefs be was loreed to It. S.r 
 Henry wrote a letter to Mr. Pcmberton, figniAing 
 ihjt hedifigned the fame day to make bis ek.ipci.'n 
 board, conveyed In a cafk, and thereiorc de- 
 lired him to lend the bo.-.t, with all I'peed, well man- 
 ned, and with liquor, to make his kieprrs drunk, 
 which was accordingly done. Before he acquainted 
 Mr. I'emel with his intention, he made him fwear to 
 be fee ret, and ufe no argumenls todifl'unde him fiom 
 what he had lefolved upon. After this, be (licwed 
 ikhat he had written to IVIr. Penibirton, and tlien di- 
 rciiled him to walk out, with others, to a certain 
 place, by the water-fide, where be promil'ed (in cale 
 begot !afe to the boat himlelf ) to come and tal^e him 
 in.' Sir Henry had appointed the carpenters, and 
 others, to repair to the foutliward of the town, wlieie 
 lay a boat near the Ihorc, with malts and fr.iis 
 ready to take them in, charging them at the fame 
 time, not to embark theml'elves till they law th« 
 Ihip's boat put off from the bridge. 
 
 Matters fell out t;j favour Sir Henry's attempt : tlis 
 fub.dlia, (who was their guardian, and left lii town 
 oiiiv to watch him) fill to drinking molt greidily. — 
 Allthings being ready, and the keepers drunk, about 
 twelve at noon the'luballia returned fiom drinking, 
 and retired to bis quarters, at one end of the houle, 
 parted from the Englilli only by a wall, the better to 
 guard them. Sir Henry now put his projciSt In execu- 
 tion. He ordered the carpenters to take others with 
 them, and to go by two and two in 'he heft manner they 
 cini'd, to avoid fiUpieion. Ho direiSlcd Mr. Fcniill, 
 unj thole he h.ul appointed to be taken in to the Icc- 
 w.ird of the town, to go two or three in a company 
 along the fca-fide to the place, and there wait his com- 
 ing. After he had given thefedircdtions, he v. as in- 
 clol'ed In his tub, and I'afely conveyed into the boat, 
 which being done, be forced out the head of the calk, 
 and came on board, ordering the men to bear up with 
 the leeward point, where he took in eleven per- 
 fons. But iClr. Femel and others, being rather too 
 dilatory in fetting out, were taken before they could 
 reach the boat. For by this time the town was rail- 
 ed, partly by the Indifcrcet running of fome of the 
 Englilb, and partly by feeing the boat bear up to 
 leeward, contrary to cuftom. He might however have 
 efcaped with his company, had he come by land td 
 the point, and not taken water lb foon as others be- 
 hind him, who were fick and weak. Sir Henry came 
 to an anchor, and in waiting for them, brought the 
 boat aftiore, which put them all In much danger. 
 He llkewife ordereil men to leap over-board, to refcue 
 Femel : but before they could get a pike's length 
 from the boat, he and tliofi were apprehended. \ir. 
 Kernel being clofely puifued by one perfon, dlfcharged 
 a piftol In his face, and mortally wounded him. Sir 
 Henry finding the whole town in purfuit of him, and 
 confidering he had a very narrow and flioal channel 
 to pafs, between a fmall fandy Idand and the main, faw 
 it was folly to Hay any lonRcr, therefore ordering the 
 men to put forward, they fucKily hit on the right 
 channel, which quickly brought them into the deep 
 water, and out of danger of iheir enemies. Tbofe In 
 
 the 
 
 P 
 
 M 
 
2h 
 
 VOYAGES OF THE K N G L I S H 
 
 the D.iiiing kept gooJ watili on ihc lops; and as 
 fooii as till')' lUvv the bn.it iiiulcr l';ii), let Hip, iiiid 
 bore lip to leeward, to relieve tlicm in cafe ot need. 
 l!y the time they got on board, the boat in whieli the 
 carpenters were, comiiij^in fiL;ht, Sir Henry lent the 
 /hip's boat to bring tlicin on board, one of them who 
 was appointed to come with them, ft.iycd I'o long 
 behind, that the boat was put off before he came up, 
 and he thinking to fwim on board, was drowned. 
 About two hours after, two poor Arabs appeared in 
 a canix', but were fo fearful that they durlt not come 
 lli;;li the fliip : till at length, being won by fair words, 
 one of ilieni entered and delivered the commander a 
 letter from Mr. Kemel : intimating, that they were in 
 great danger of being killed bv thofe who apprehended 
 them, but that fome of the foldicrs, bearing them 
 good will, faved them, and brought them to the aga's, 
 where they waited his coming home. 
 
 On fight of them he looked very pale, and f.'.id 
 they ftiouM all lofc their heads ; afking how they durft 
 attempt an efcape ? They faid thevcamc out of Eng- 
 land under the general's command, and did nothing but 
 by his orders, which th.-y durft not difobcy. He 
 again threatened them with the lofs of their heads, 
 and caufed them to be chained by the necks: but 
 they were foon relealcd at the entreaty of Nakliada 
 Malech Amber, Nakhada Mohammed, of Cananor, 
 and others, and permitted to remain in their former 
 houfe : but under a ftronger guard than before. This 
 proceeded from fear of tlieir fliips in the roail, which 
 were then under Sir Henry's command : who returned 
 an anfiver, and fent the aga word, ihat if he did not 
 immediately fend him all his people, and the (hip- 
 furniture, which he detained contrary to the baflia's 
 order, he would fire the (hips in the road, and en- 
 deavour to batter the tovn. He llkewil'e fent word 
 to the Nakh.-idas, that he wcild n'.>t ful".r any boat 
 to go to their (hips,, withou' firft coming on board 
 his, to acquaint him with tneir biiliriefs : nor let 
 any thing be carried out of them, but by his leave and 
 order. 
 
 After his efcape, there was no fmall diflurbancc in 
 the town. The aga not knowing what anfwer to 
 make to the ba(ha, feared it would coft him the lofs 
 of his head. The fubafha, who had been Sir Henry's 
 keip.'r, knew not whether he had Ix^lt (lay or fly for 
 his life. The Lmir al Bahr (or lord of the (ca) was 
 in the fame terror, being accufed of confenting to his 
 efcape : one of their porters took I'anituary in a 
 church, and would not come out till he had got his 
 pardon. Mod of the Nakhada's and merchants, in 
 great fear of lofing their (hips and goods, fent pre- 
 f.nts of vitluals to Mr. Femel and the reft, whom 
 before they fcorned to fpeak to. At night Sir Henry 
 lent the boat well manned to tarry the new s to their 
 (hips, with orders likewife to come over with all 
 fpeetl. He plied to windward in the Darling, when 
 the tide fervcd, and rode a little without the great 
 (hip, fo that he had her, and all the rtit, under llie 
 command of his guns. 
 
 On the 1 2th Nakhada Mohammed of Cananor 
 came on board with letters, telling Sir Heiiiy, that 
 he was forry he went away in that manner, for that 
 he was determined, within a few days, to have fet 
 him at liberty, and all his people: That he would 
 deliver the furniture belonging to the (hip=, which 
 were on (hore, but could not fend his people without 
 an order from the ba(ha : 'I'hat he h.id intreatcd (ifteen 
 days rcfpitc ; and if, in that time, all his men were 
 not put on board, they dcfircd no favour. The coin- 
 mandtr told him, that he likcw ife expcifted to have 
 his pinnace reflored, for that he would not leave the 
 road without her. The Nakhada faid, «' He would 
 acquaint the aga with his demand, and doubted not 
 but (he would be delivered up. Sir Henry yielded to 
 his requcft, upon his promife, that he (hould have 
 both men and pinnace within the time limited. He 
 durft not demand reftitution or fatisfaftion for his 
 goods, till he had recovered all his men from (hore. 
 ilohammed having acquainted theagawith the condi- 
 
 tlons, upon which he had obtaincil fifteen d.iv. fiucc*, 
 he was very angry, that Sir Huiry had iiililhd oil 
 having the pinnace; and lending for Mr. Kinul ."iid 
 John VVilliains, afked what the commander meant by 
 demanding her, fincefhc was theb.ifha's by agieeniei-t 
 withhitii? laying, " He niiyht as well duiiaiul the 
 goods as the pinnace ; both wliich were put to the ac- 
 count of the (jrand Sii»iiior." They made anfwcr. 
 That he could not wcH proceed'on his voyage with- 
 out the pinnace ; but that for the goods, they allured 
 him, he would never demand them. In the ii'.can 
 time, the Darling's cables, anchors, pitch, tar, and 
 other materials, were brought from (hore; and fiw 
 days parted, but Sir Henry had fome prefcnts of re- 
 friflimcnts from the aga, the dabutian, and others. 
 
 That morning early, a boat going from fhore on 
 board the innermoft (liip, the commander caufed two 
 guns to be fired at her, which brought her on Ixiaid 
 him. On thrratening to hang them and burn their 
 (hips if they did lb any moie, they durli nut aiuii.pt 
 the like afterwards. 
 
 On the I'jth, near night, thclncreafc and Pepper- 
 corn came to anchor in fight of the road, not able to 
 get in, bccaufe the leeward tide was againft them, lint 
 next morning entering the limie. Sir Kejiry went on 
 board the Incrcale, where he was received with great 
 
 The 1 8th, there arrived a (hip of Diu, belonging 
 to Shermal the (hah bander, l.adeii with Indian com- 
 modities, which Sir Henry ordered to ride near bun ; 
 but next day, at the intrcaty of Shermal, he liccnci'd 
 all the people (excepting fome few to look to the 
 (hip) to go on (hore. On the 21ft, Mr. I'emel wrote 
 him v\'ord, that they had all been chained by lire 
 neck. The 25th, Nakhada Mohammed came on 
 bnard, and informed Sir Henry, that the bafha had 
 given order lor ihe rtliale of his men and piiin.ace, 
 pr.iriiifing to bring them next day ; the incrcafe 
 I; ii.g ihne guns at his departure. One d.iy all ihc 
 Knglifh at lain! were chained by the neck, and ilk; 
 next day r. leafed : The caufc of which uiagc they 
 could not learn. 
 
 Mohammed returned on the 26lh, faying, the pin- 
 nace was launched : but the aga would neither deliver 
 her nor the men, till Sir Henry had given him a wri- 
 ting figned by himlirll, and tour or live more of tlic 
 principal perions in the (hips, importing, that he 
 would maintain pcrfeiil peace with the Tiiiks (tlio 
 aga's fubjeils) and Indians : that he would noi med- 
 dle with any (hips either in that fea, ur ellirwhert-, in 
 revenge for what had pafled ; nor demand relHuitioa 
 or fatisfaiSion for goods taken from him : which en- 
 gagement was to be confirmed by oath. Sir Henry 
 told him, That he was furprilcd to find he came every 
 day with new demands ; that as he had the day before 
 promiled ahlolutely to bring him the pinnace and all 
 his men, he took it for granted it would have been 
 done ; but that fince he had not kept his word, lie 
 intended for better fecurity, to detain him, and thole 
 that were with him as holiages, till he had performu) 
 his engagement ; dcfiring him to acquaint the .ng.i 
 with it. Mohammed alledged, That behaving under- 
 taken this affair of his own accord, diould reap much 
 difcrcdit, and be laughed at fur his forwaidnefs, if lie 
 (hnuld write to that purpofe, and therefore declaie<l 
 plainly, that he would not write fuch a letter, let 
 what would hapjien, but promifed, if Sir Henry 
 would give him fuch a writing .is he demanded, anu 
 lend liiiii on (hore, he would bring all his people on 
 board before night. The commander, finding he 
 could obtain nothing by compulfion, thought it belt 
 to yield to him in appearance, and give liim fome 
 writing, though of adi(i°erent nature from what Iw 
 defired. In c(te<fl, he caufed a memorandum to be 
 drawn up in Englifli, containing a brief relation of 
 the treacherous ufage he had met with in this country, 
 and nothing elfc ; which was figned by him anif 
 five more, as witne(res of the truth of it, and he 
 fent advice to Mr. Femel, how he fliould interpret 
 it. Sir Henry thus delivered bim the writing, but 
 
 Ktuil'lS 
 
i6ii.] 
 
 lU GUINEA AND THE EAST INDIES. 
 
 .i«5 
 
 lie 
 he 
 
 A 
 
 ',a 
 
 urh 
 lie 
 
 let 
 
 on 
 
 he 
 
 belt 
 
 onic 
 
 1« 
 
 be 
 
 of 
 
 try, 
 
 anit 
 
 refufed to {w*it i faying, his word Ihould be truer 
 than a Turk's oath at ill! times. 
 
 Then Mohamiiicjl went on ftiore, leaving fomc of 
 the better fort of his company for pledges } uiid bade 
 the commander hang them, in cafe be did not bring 
 him all his company on board that night. Accuid- 
 ingly, be returned in the evening with Mr. Kernel 
 and nine others ; Kernel, Williams, and Cunning- 
 hum were cloathed with paltry veils. Anoiher was 
 fent to Sir Henry, which they faid came from the 
 aga. The nachada would have put it un his bick, 
 deliring he would wear it as a favour from that 
 chief J but the commander refufcd it, telling him, 
 " That he fcorned to wear any thing which came from 
 fa unconlcionablc a dog, and his enemy, by whofe 
 order he h.ul received fo much wrong." Moli.immcd 
 finding he would nut take it, left it with liisman, and 
 fo departed ; carrying with him the Turk taken in the 
 Darling, (who had remained on board the Increafe 
 till then) and promifed to return in the morning 
 with the pinnace. Accordingly on the 27th, he 
 brought the pinnace, and afkeJ, If all he had pro- 
 mifed was performed ? The commander replied, No, 
 for that he ftill wanted a boy, whom they detained at 
 Taycs, and h.ad forced to change his religion : de- 
 claring, that he fliould be delivered to him before he 
 would releafe the (hips. Mohammed replied, that 
 he would tell the .-iga, and return with his anfwer. 
 
 On the aSth, a writing was fent the commander 
 from the aga, whereby Nach.ida Mohammed and 
 Shermal Shah Bander, bound thcmfelvts under 
 forfeiture of (hips and goods, that the boy (hould 
 be delivered in twelve days, provided he would releafe 
 the vefl'i'ls. On whitli he gave them leave to unlade 
 the (hip of Din, and vifit the othi-r fliips at their 
 plcafure. This night Mr. Kernel died citlier of a 
 calenture, or of poifon given him by the Turks. 
 
 On the id of June, three boats laden with cotton 
 were difcharged out of the (hip. This evening a 
 ftrong fquall from (hore broke their land-Cable, 'j'he 
 wind was fo hot they could hardly endure it, and it 
 obliged Sir Henry to fly to his cabin. 'I'hefe hot winds 
 arc common in thofe parts. He wrote a letter to the 
 ba(ha in Italian, demanding reftitution of his gootis, 
 and fatisfa£lion for damages. He was anfwered after- 
 wards as to his demand: but the letter was not 
 underdood, for want of an interpreter. He again 
 laid an embargo on the (hip of Diu, and would not 
 fu(Fer them to unlade any more goods out of her, 
 till thcba(ha had fatisfied him to the value of 70,000 
 rials of eight. The boy alfo was reftored : but all 
 this was not accomp1i(hed till fcveral angry me(rages 
 had palled between him and the aga. 
 
 This being fettled, the Shah Bander demanded the 
 1000 venetianos promifed the ba(ha's chiaous : but 
 Bir Henry would b^ no means pay it, although he 
 urged him much with his promifc, and faid he (hould 
 be forced otherwife to p,iy it himfelf, for that he had 
 pafled his word for that fum. The commander told 
 him the officer had not performed his promife made 
 him, to fet him and his people at liberry : how the 
 chiaous and he will agree (fays Sir Henry) I know 
 hot, but I doubt he will be forced to pay it. 'l"o- 
 wards night the Shah Bander and the rell having taken 
 their leave, the commander caufed three guns to be 
 fired for his farcwcl. 
 
 On the 3d of July in the afternoon, the (hips 
 warped out of the toad, and that nij'ht fet fail towards 
 AITab, but could not get thither till the 5th, in the 
 morning. On the 6th, Sir Henry landing, caufed 
 all the wells to be emptied and cleaned j for he had 
 been often told at Mocha, that the Turks praftifed 
 With the people of AfTab to poifon the wells. They 
 were employed till the 13th, in watering and buying 
 {jrovifions : nothing happening in the mean time 
 Worth notice. This day the king of the country, 
 fent three of his chief fervants, attended by thirty 
 f(>ldiers, with a letter and prefent of refrefliments to 
 him. The purport of hit letter was, to congratu- 
 late the commander on his cfcape from his enemiei, 
 
 Vol. I. No. 33. 
 
 and welcomed him into his dominion', (itt'cnnj to' 
 fupply him with whatever his country attbrdeil ; Sir 
 Henry having feafted and rewarded the mellengcri, 
 fent the king .t prefent, conllfting of a veil of bruad 
 cluath, and a (inc looking glafs. 
 
 On the 17th, there came a vcfT-l from Mocha, 
 wherein was I'ukorfi the Shah Bander's malli and 
 another Bannian ; who brought fume piovifiuns Sir 
 Henry had befpoken, and the money due to iiim i but 
 I writing he had demanded to ratify thi- peace, was 
 not bro ight. Tokorfi's excufe was, tli.c the hafh.i 
 was fu bufy in the uars, that he had not time to 
 write, from whence it wasmanifeJl, that lie intended 
 to keep no mealures with the Englifli. 
 
 On tlic 24th, the fleet fet fail out of All'ib roid, 
 to put In prailicc what Sir Henry lia.l l> iig htfdic 
 (letdinineil, which wm to ply to the wiinlwiird as 
 liii'ji as the idand of ComoiMi i and there wait foi .1 
 u;rrat (hip that comes every year, about this time, 
 tVom SiKZ, richly laden for Mocha. By tliele mc.ins 
 he piopofed to he I'ulTit'iently rivenjied on the I'lirk". 
 He was the more defiious to meet with hi, lirtaiilo 
 he undcrflood that the ballia, and Rij.b A■^.^ had 
 confiderable vcntuu;. in her. Krom lienc , to tlu 
 lail of this month, thev plied tu the vvii'.dw.'.ul, and 
 the wind being contiaiy, they failed by d.iy, and 
 commonly l.iy rit anchor all night. In ihih cin:le they 
 ran many haizaids foruai.t of a pilot, and often 
 narrowly efcaped running on gnund, wliicli v ould 
 have rilqued the lofs of all : at lall tlie Oiip cfi apid 
 them in the night ; as they found on ilieir rttiiin. 
 
 They (et failon the 9th of Augud ui th.; mnrnina;, 
 anil ahoutcight in th>.- evening, anchored ihree hagius 
 lliort of B.abalinandel. On the loth, the Datling 
 niid Releafe, went out by the wiftern channel, which 
 tliev found to be three leagues over from the Coaft 
 of Abyflinia, to the idaiid of Bah.iiairnd'.l. One 
 third of the way from the ifland, they h.ad no ground 
 at foity fathoms, the channel being clear without 
 dangers, and full of (lioals and rocks, whicli rendered 
 it unnavigable, as all the Turks and Indians reported, 
 in order to make them believe th.-rc was no other 
 paflage, but through the cafKru clia.mel, which 
 mii^ht be lb fortified, that no (hipping could pafs 
 without being in danger. Between the Arabian (hoic 
 and the iHe, is not a mile and a half: and un thu 
 land fide, tlicrc lie (lioals reaching a good way ofi". 
 
 The Increafe and Heppcr-corn, faiKd through the 
 narrow channel. About four in the afieinoon, they 
 all met without the Streights, in ninetien f.ithoin*^ 
 being .ibout four mllos from the Arabian (liure. All 
 this night they failed along the land. 
 
 Krom the izth till the 27th, tliey had much wind, 
 often contrary, and fometimcs calm, with a current 
 fetting fouth-weil, about four miles an hour : (o 
 thatduring this time, what they got when they h.id 
 a favourable gale, they loft, and more, when it fell 
 calm, being carried back by the current. 
 
 The monfoon being far fpent, Sir Henry defirod 
 the nachada of Diu to help him with his boa t 
 and people, to take in ballaft and water; which h', 
 with others, moft readily granted j protTering him all 
 the water out of his (hip : and employed his people 
 nlfo to fetch fome from (liore. I'hc coiiimander ofteil 
 fpoke to the king to fell hi;n his aloes : but for a 
 long time could bring him to no reafonable terms. 
 At length, with much trouble he bargained with him 
 for all, paying dearer for it than Captain Keeling did 
 for his. The Indians were alfo treating for it, which 
 made him raifehis price. The commander hit leiteij 
 with the king, which he promifed to deliver to the (irll 
 Englilh who (hould arrive there. 
 
 On the id of September, Sir Henry having finilhed 
 his bufineu, the (nips plied out of the road ; having 
 with much ado got a perfon out of the Diu (hip, who 
 took upon him to be a good coafter, to pilot him to 
 India. The 26th, between nine and ten o'clock, 
 with a fair gale, they entered the road of Surat, and 
 anchored by three Indian (hips in feven fathoms. A 
 mile from Uiem rode feven fail of Portuguefe frigates, 
 5 O and 
 
 ■i^ 
 
 i I 
 li 
 
.-^-^ r. 
 
 5P6 
 
 V O ^- A G E S OF "Hr E K N O L I s h 
 
 anil llilitrcn inoic wire uitlijii tlic river of Sural. 
 Loiiji Ixlori- Sii niiii)\ anlv.il, the Purtinjuclc hail 
 inU'lii);i'iuc llul lie was ii) the Red Sra, anil bound 
 fur this placi' J lb that ihiir frigates win.- purpofcly 
 lent III hinder them from tradini; at Surat, nr any 
 vherc life u|ion the coaft. A fniall fri^;ale came on 
 tlie 2t)th fiom the ;ulmir.il of the Armaila, (as they 
 tirrneil it) in which was on. I'ortiigucfe and his boy ; 
 who brought an .inlwer fruii tlie captain major to 
 the comnianiler's Utter, lent the day before ; the pur- 
 port of whieli, after fomc cnnipliments, was, that he 
 uas ^:1. J the commander beh.Hjjcd to a kinp; who was 
 a trienJ ; and that he and his would be ready to lerve 
 him to the bell of his power, provided he brought a 
 letter, or order, either from the king of Spain, or the 
 ^ice-rov, for tradini; in thofe parts j iliat othiiuile, 
 he was oh!i;_,ed to guard the port he had in charge, 
 where the king his mailer kept a factory. Sir lleniy 
 returned anlwer by word ot mouth, that he had a 
 letter neither from the kin;^ of Spain, nor vicc-roy, 
 nor had any need thereof, for that he was fent by the 
 kin;; of tni^Iand, with letters and with prefcius to 
 the Cireal Niogul, in oid.r to eKahMli the trade be- 
 pun in thc.fe parts : he likewile defired, or rather de- 
 niandLd, lluit the KnjIUh in thole parts might conic 
 on board. He bellowed avill of broad-eloih upon 
 the nuU'enijcr, who )ironiifed to return the next day. 
 Findini; it w.is not poihble, without a pilot, to crofs 
 the bar (where the commander went to difeover in 
 the Darling) he returniil in the e\ening, and anchor- 
 ed in the road, (irinm on boaid the Inereafc, he 
 found letters fiom Nicholas lianghiim at Suiat (for- 
 incrlv a joiner in the HecJor) who inlormcd him, that 
 the Knglifli had no factory there, .;iid that he was 
 thither from the aga by Captain fl.iwkins, to recover 
 fomc debts; likewile, that he hail letters from the 
 captain, but durrt not lend them on hoard, left they 
 fhould be intercepted by the I'ortiiLiuefe. He made 
 no mention of w hat bicamc ol ilu- factors and r;o()ds. 
 Sir Henry wrote to him, to find ih^lV leitcrs ami far- 
 ther particulars concerning their biirmefs. 
 
 I'ho }d of October, Choj:'.h Naflan, governcr nf Su- 
 rat, and the governor's biotV.er of Canibaya, fent a 
 niellage to the commander with a prefent of iifrefli- 
 nicnts, ortlrinu to do him all the kindnefs they could, 
 adding, thai, for their part, they defired to trade with 
 the Knglifh, but could fee no pcflibility of d>.ing it, 
 as long as the I'ortugucfe armada rode fo near their 
 fleet. He therefore advifed him to go for (jago. 
 ]!ut Sir Henry could not as yet determine which 
 coiirfe to take. On the 5th the interpreter (who was 
 ^ Bramin, or a pricft of the Uanians) came in a boat 
 with a letter frc ni NicTOlas IJangham, and Captain 
 Hawkins's lelter from Agra, d.;ted in April before, 
 relating the manner of his bein;; tr.ken into, and put 
 out of favour, by the Great Mogul ; that monarch's 
 fieklenefs in granting their trade, and afterwards de- 
 nying it them, in favour of the I'ortuguefc. The 
 fame mefleiiger alio brought two letters, advifing 
 fueh commanders not to land any goods, or hope for 
 trade in thofe parts. 
 
 'I'hough Sir Henry had fo little encouragement, 
 yet he refolvcd to try his utmofl. By Bangham's 
 letters he undei flood that Captain Sharpey, John Jour- 
 daine, and others, were coming from Cambaya to Su- 
 rat, to go along with him j and therefore determined 
 at Icaft to get them on board. 'l"hc proper Monfoon 
 being pall, the Indian (hips, which rode by him, h".J 
 given over their voyage to the fouthuard. The hra- 
 min defired leave to bring their fliips into the river, 
 but this the admir.il would by no means grant. 
 On the contrary, he defired them to tell the governor, 
 and the reft of the owners, that their (hips fliould 
 not depart till he and all the Engliftimen »t Cambaya 
 and Surat were on board. 
 
 On the 22d of this month the Portugucfe hail laid 
 an ambufh for the Englifh that were (ent on ftiore, 
 and when they thought they faw a fair opporfjnity, 
 broke out from their hiding-place, rufhing forward 
 with impctuofity, but in crowds and without order. 
 6 
 
 [,(<tl. 
 
 There weic about ^co in .ill who difih.-uf'ed their 
 fhot. I'hc fire was returned by the Lnglifh on flioie, 
 as alio by the frigate, which being elufc to the land, 
 ihey retired on bo.ird. The enemy having riceiveJ 
 fomc damage, retired behind the hills, and fivam In ui 
 thence to their (hips, in oider to efcape llie danger. 
 After this, when the EnglKli went in their ftig.iic 
 and boats on board iheir Ihips td Utadiier, the I'or- 
 tuguel'e came to anchor wheic they were before, and 
 Sir Henry having taken the opinion of Cptaiii 
 IJounlon (of whom menti<ii will be made iRti.ilter) 
 as will as of ollieis, the rcfult of the confiiU iiii 11 
 waf, that they Ihoiild flay no longer there, but jc- 
 (urn tu Suiat ruad, wheic the 'Irade's Incrcafe ihui 
 
 The viceroy's fon now came info the river w ith 
 too fail of vertels, fome filled were, but the (;feater 
 part of them merchantmen. At night Sir IKiuy 
 ordered ihc Ihips that lode within, to come and an- 
 chor by him, left he might be endangered [.y the 
 enemy, of whofc force he w.is ignorant. A: lhi» 
 time arrived Nicholas Bangham, who broiigh! with 
 him fome refrelhments from Surat. On t!ie (,tli tlic 
 (hips riding without the laiiJ, Chojah N.ili.ui eame 
 down to the lea-fide. Sir Henry went to him with 
 his frigate and boats, and the fuiniir proniilVd vi 
 bring goods to trade with him within two or thief 
 days at far'heft ; as alfo to order the country peo(.!(; 
 to bring in provifions which thtv Hood in need of. 
 
 The commander reielvid a letter fiom li.iiv l;:;iu 
 on the iHlh, intimatin'; that there was little 1!..i'l lo 
 be expeiled here ; and this circumllanee, ii'iiii.il to 
 Chojah Nafl'an's breach of promife, naturall\ Kil tlic 
 Englilh coniiiiander to conclude al! their former piu- 
 pofals meant nothing, and that thev ilurft not allo.v 
 him the liberty of Hading, for IVar of the I'ortiiguele. 
 For this reafon he wiflud to abide bv the refi.Ke lh:;t 
 w.is made of going awMy iS loon as pofl.bli. Ti> 
 ihis purpole he wrote to Bangham to come 10 l.im, 
 but he coiihl not get pcrmi/Tion from Chojali Nafi.iii, 
 whole vigilance, however, at length he i hided, aiul 
 efcaped. As loon as he was milled, the chief, ju.'g- 
 iiig that he was gone to the fliips, lent one JaJduh, 
 a broker, after him, with a letter from hinilelf, ar.d 
 another from Mokrib Chan, in wliieh both piomilej 
 to come loon to f.e the Kngllfli comnimdir, who 
 could have but lililc depcndmee on whi.t was wi it- 
 ten, yet he thought proper to wait ft.mc time the 
 event of thefc profefTions. After fomc inlerruj>;ion 
 from the l^ortugucfe at the landing plate, v. ho were 
 obliged to retire, the Englifli got tlieir boat, and pre- 
 pared to depart, as they had determined. 
 
 But on Sunday the 24th, Jaddali the brc.ker came 
 on board, and told Sir Harry, that Mokrib Chin was 
 on the road. And focn after dinner, going 10 the 
 flioie-fide with his frigate, he found Chojah N'afLii 
 there, who fent to let him know that Mokrib Chan 
 would likewife come there prefeiitlv. Tl'.e admiral 
 in confequcnce \vent on (liorc again with a proji^r 
 prefent, and found the Chan waiting for him, together 
 with Chojah NafTan and a great company. Thev 
 eiTibraccJ each other at their meeting, and whil-; the 
 Englilli fhips falutcd, which the Indian feemed to 
 take very kindly. Afterwards they f.itcdown to talk, 
 together on carpets fpread on the ground. Afterwards 
 Mokrib Chan came on board, and fl.'.id all night, 
 which apparent confidence induced the Englifh com- 
 mandei to think that he fliould fettle a treaty of trade 
 to :;d\aiitage. The Chan liov.cver fcemcd jather dif- 
 pofed totonfult his own intereft tlian I'liy thing i.'liy 
 after he had bufied hliiifilf in buying knives and toy;, 
 he urged the general to open his chefts, afkiiig 'for 
 whatever there was in them that pleafid hiir, nd 
 even taking away from other quarters of the fhi|i, 
 fuch things as he liked beft, without ofFering to pay 
 for them. He behaved in the fame manner on hoard 
 the other (hips which he vifitcd, and the comm.'.ndtr 
 then thought proper to comply with his luimour. 
 
 After all this courtefy (hewn by the l'"i'.,lilh, they 
 nttcmptcd to cftabliili a trade, but met with little- 
 
 fucctiV, 
 
itll.] 
 
 TO G U I N* E A A N T H K K A S T 1 K D I i: S. 
 
 3''/ 
 
 fucccls, alihou'^li funiplcs of goods were (hovii with 
 the |)iii'is marktii on tlicin. '1 lie Indians wtic vtry 
 full of tricks and tv.ifions. Chojuh Niifljn nun:i- 
 pn\ the ni:irkL't«, .uul ilul ovcry tiling to fpuil the fail 
 of the new ciiMiirs coniniuilides, 
 
 However Mukrib CIi;im came ilown again on the 
 Sth of December, anil after many faliitations pro- 
 i-ocilcd to make overtures towards tr.uling, but Clmjah 
 Nall'aji wiu) tonJu>ileJ the bufuufs, reiulerej it of 
 little advantage to the En^lifh. lii the mean I inn, 
 Mokrib Clian received dilpatehcs from hi.s kin:;;, 
 which it leems contained an order for hiin to religii 
 his government of Canibaya, (as Cliojah Nall'in had 
 loft that of Surat.) Nothing now remained to the 
 former but tlie cufloms of the lall- mentioned city. 
 
 The nc.v governor of Sarat and Han.inAli came 
 on board the I'epner-rorn on the ic;th, and afterwards 
 went to Ice the Trade's Increafe. Uy tliis time the 
 lead was nearly landed, which was a principal article 
 of trade, but the natives of Surat, who weighed all 
 with their own weights, proved deceitful. And at 
 length Chojah Naflan infifted on havim; half the 
 worth for his commuditics in money, and the other 
 half in goods. 
 
 As it is a cuftom in fome Indian countries that 
 any bargain may be revoked provided it be done in 
 24 hours, Sir Henry had obtained a proniife of Chojah 
 N.ilVan that he would abfolutely ftand to his bargain. 
 Hut Kill doubting the fineerity of this man's profcf- 
 fioM-, the commander thought to keep thofe on board 
 for pledges, till the agreements entered into were 
 performed. Thofe pledges were Chojah Nafl'air and 
 the Shah Handcr, on board the I'eppcr-corn. 
 
 On the 24th the whole bufinefi w.is concluded, and 
 in confequence the pledges were rtleafed. Three 
 <lays afterwards a Jew came on board who brought a 
 letter from Manulioatam, which was fent by IVter 
 Floris, a native of iJantzick, employed by the com- 
 pany, giving an account of his fetting out in Febru- 
 ary, his fafe and I'pcedy pafliigc, and his arrival in tlie 
 beginning; of Sejiteuiber. Mokrib Chan who had 
 been out of town, returned on the 7th. Before he 
 IlU the place he h.id confirmed the promifes he m.ide 
 to the faiSory. But now he fent for Mr. Jourdaine, 
 and with a frown on his brow, alked. What he did 
 there, and why the Englifli were not departed. He 
 was anlwcrcd, that he ftaid, depending on bis promil'e 
 that a fartory (hould be eftabliflied, and that other- 
 wife he fliould not have been there. But the Indian 
 replied, 'They ftiould not have any factory there, and 
 added, that by their long ftay he hi.l been a very great 
 loler in regard to the culloms ; for which rcafon he 
 ordered them in the king's name to quit Surat, and 
 they departed accordingly. 
 
 'They warped out with the Increafe on the gth of 
 February, the weather being calm ; and on the nth 
 in the morning fet fail for Surat road, and anchored 
 there in the afternooon, by a new (hip of that place, 
 which w.as lately launched, and came out of the ri- 
 ver, bound for the Red Sea. 'I'hey weighed on the 
 I2lh, and, driving to the fouthward, anchored again 
 near a fhip of Calicut, bound for Surat, out of vihich 
 Sir Henry Middleton took a pilot for Uabul, whither 
 he fteercd his courfe, and arrived in the road on the 
 16th, about fix in the evening. The pilot was now 
 fent on Ihorc in a fifliing boat, with a letter to the go- 
 vernor. The letter was to intreat him to tife the com- 
 mander kindly, and trade with liim. In the after- 
 noon he received a fmall prefent of rtfrclhments, both 
 from the governor and Malech Amber, with many com- 
 pliments, offering him any thing the country afford- 
 ed, and promifing to deal with him if he would fend 
 on flrore. On this he fent two merchants with a 
 good prefent, who were bid welcome, and kindly en- 
 tertained while they flaid there. 
 
 On the 24th, Sir Henry called a council, and pro- 
 pofed the queliion. Whether to go from thence, di- 
 ucfly for Priaman, Bantam, &c. or return to tjje 
 Red Sea, to trade with the Indian (hips hound thi- 
 ther .' He allcdged, that fincc thcy'wotild not deal 
 
 with lliem at their own door«, to which tbiy li..'i 
 brought from far comiiioJitii.s pi'ijxr lor tli.ir 1.111111- 
 try, and no where elle v>'iidili!^', lu li.uu.^ht tliev 
 llmuldilo llKinfelvis but jiillice, and tlieni iiu wion;;) 
 in compelling them iob.ir:i.r, and jy.vc tlicir indicois, 
 and other goods in cNchiiigt. It wa the unaniinou!, 
 opinion, that they Diould rctuin tu lii. t^id S^a, jur 
 feveral rcafons ; Til II, in order to |,,.; olf d.e 1-n;^- 
 lifll goods, and ;;et otheti in liou lit for tlieir own 
 country. S,co;ully, to take (u.ne rcMny.e of il.c 
 treat and uiifufl'erable iiijiu le:. done Sir Htiirj, by ilii: 
 Turks, at Mocha ) an.', laltly, 'To lave ilii. lliip, 
 which ihey heard (by tlie w,.y ol Alall'iilipatain) « a-. 
 bound that way, jii.lgin::, lliat otiicruile iht vi.u'.il 
 not pollibly eliap,; bciii^ betrayed. From tlii-. ilvy 
 to the Z'/lh, tiny eniplojtd llitir time in telliii^^ 
 frefli-water on board. 
 
 'The Indians had bought all the red-lead, and it wan 
 aiilually deliviied on (bore, but alterward? dillikio^ 
 
 it, they returned it. In the evening;, ihe Ei.^;- 
 
 li(h faw a (hip in the ofTing. 'Two or three .Vlal.i- 
 b.irs which made near them, told ihem (he wa-. u 
 Hortuguefe velill, of Cochin, bound for Ch.ail ; 
 therefore the coiiim.inder lent the IVppir-ci in, Jj.ir- 
 ling, and frigate, to fetch her iii,wiiiih theyi.idon ihu 
 28th. 'Tholi: in tliefri'^ate havin;^|)illa!;i.d the man- 
 ners, he took their I'liitukr from tiieni, and retunud 
 it to the owners. Her lading w.is cOLO.i.-niits, and 
 littleelfe. 'Thisday was fpciit in I'earchiii^ her, but 
 the commander could liiid no bills ol I idin.;. Soi.a; 
 fmall matters he took liom her, on account of the in- 
 juries offered him by the c.iptain, at the b..r of 
 Surat, in fei/.ing his good', and hinderii.;; his 
 trade, 1'hat he fuH, lined no f.irtber dania";e :r|in> 
 them, was not owin.' to their goo.1 will, boc 
 for want of power, as appeared by the vic^ioy's 
 letters, Jce. bcfore-mcniioned. Sir H-.i:ry took 
 an aeemint of the things he had out of her, from 
 under the hands of the principal men who Were 
 on board. 
 
 On the 25th of March they had fight of the illand 
 of Socotra, and at four in the afternoon the point of 
 DelilFa, bore fouth fouth-weft, .fi.\ leagues ofr'j 
 vaiiation fixteen degrees. Kiom the 241!! at noon, 
 till this day at noon, thev lleered noitli-v\itt aiui 
 weft, and weft-north- weft, and weft all night, ihink- 
 ing by day-light to have been near tlic uelkriiiiijll 
 pait of the illand ; but ccnlrary to their expeclatlon, 
 they found they h.id gone but litlle a-head, though 
 they had a fre(h gale, as they had a great current 
 againft them From noon, till four the ne.\t morn- 
 ing, they failed along the coaft with a fmall wind, 
 and then it falling calm, the current carrieu them di- 
 retfUy upon a peak, which lies four or (ivc leagues 
 from the wellern part of Socotra. 'I'hev were forced 
 to anchor till they had a gale lo cariv them froir. it, 
 which fpringing up from the call, adout two hours 
 after, they ftoood to the weftward, and at noon viere 
 fourlpngues from the rock, where they found a cur- 
 rent fetting to the northvvnid. 'The' i-ili, (liaping 
 thcircourfe, weft-fuuth-wdl, they met wiili a cur- 
 rent felting to the northwaid. In lluinoining thev 
 were oppofite Abba del Curia, and before nigiit h.iil 
 fight of Cape (Jardafui, about ("even le.igues )ilif- 
 tant. From yefterday noon, till tliis nighl, tluv 
 ftood in till midnight, and hauled dole of a wind to 
 the fouthwaril. 'File 2K1I1, bv ei^iht o'clock, they 
 were near the (hove, midway belwecn the two cajies 
 of (lu.udefui and Felix. 
 
 On the 22d of April, Mr. Pemberton came on 
 board, and told the commanJ^r ih.it ho had been at 
 Socotra, and that the king bad (Ikwii him a writing 
 left tliiie by Capiain John iaiis, (wlio w.is the com- 
 mander of three (liips) wherein an account was !;i- 
 ven of ihe time he left Kngl;;:ul, bis places of re- 
 frcHiingbv the wav, his arriv.d there, and proceeded 
 from thence to the Red Sea, to feek trade. It was 
 alfo mentioned, that he had perufed a writing left 
 there by Sir Hcnrv, »iih leafoiis to diffuade him from 
 going thither. Vet that haiin;: the Grand Sitnior's 
 
 p.if>, 
 
 I 
 
 ♦S 
 
y O Y A (3 E S OK THE ENGLISH 
 
 llf'U. 
 
 
 pnfs, he hnacil to meet with b^'itor cutertalnirient thjn 
 Sir Henry naJ done. The corfimanJct hatlnj; hc:iril 
 lhl« iincx|)e<5led ncwi, cilletl a council,' vrho refulvcti 
 to proceed a% formerly they hjd determined: and in- 
 deed thty h.-nl no other way U-ft, Tor thoy could m't 
 get back till the wcflcrly winds came on, which could 
 not be till the middle of Mays thereiipon the com- 
 mander Ict't Captain Dnunton in the rcppcr-corn, to 
 tn (lay thcreahouti, till the 5th of this month, in 
 order to obfervc tlie ports ut Aden, whilft himCctf, 
 with the Tr*lc's Increale and Darling, went to watch 
 the two-fold entrance of Babalmandcl.— — They 
 Jteercd from thence with the head of Aden, being 
 about fcven Icagircs off. About four they were in with 
 Aden. From four o'clock this day, till tlic 3d in the 
 morning, they had little wind : they fti-en-d atoiiij; 
 the channel, we(l by north, .ind weft norch-wclK 
 Towards the heat of the d;i^', it b?g.Tn to blow, and 
 they continued their courfc as before. About fun- 
 f'et they anchored in 20 fathoms, four lr,ngu'.-« off the 
 ttrcights, where they rovie till next morning. The 4th, 
 about eight in the morning, thiv let f.til, and about 
 ten, anchored within U.ib.-\lni.indel, be. xn Ara- 
 bia and the ifliind, in ti;;ht I'.Khinns wali-r. The 
 channel is half a leiigue over. As foon as they had 
 anchored, there came a boat from ftiorc on board the 
 'I'rade's Increafe, wherein was a Turk, and three or 
 four Arabian foldicrs. 'I'his Turk was chief of the 
 place, fcnr by the aga of Mocha to guard it. He 
 promiled the commander, if in cafe he thought fit 
 towiiten letter thither, to fend it away by a foot- 
 polf, who (hould return in three day«, with an an- 
 fwer ( upon that he wrote a letter to Captain Saris, 
 to acquaint him with his rcafon lor coming, and what 
 he intended to do. 
 
 On the 6th there came in a veflel of Zevia, a place 
 nithin the flreights on the Abyflinian coall, bound for 
 Mocha; her laoinn; w.is mats. Sir Henry bought of 
 her f 1 flieep, and lo permitted them to dcnait. I'his 
 day they had much rain. The 17th, before day, 
 there came in a fhip from Bafnnor, which the com- 
 mander caufed to anchor by him. The fame morn- 
 ing Richard Wickham, one of Captain Saris's mer- 
 chants, brought fellers from him ; the purport of 
 which he oinittcd fctting down in his journal. He 
 kept VVickham with him, on account of the com- 
 mander's (lopping the Indiun fliips, and returned nn 
 anAvcr by a Turk who came in his company. The 
 8th in the afternoon, there arrived a fhip of Diu, 
 bound for Mocha. The commander fent off his fri- 
 rite to fetch her to anchor by him. She proved to 
 be the fame (hip he had detained the year bear before in 
 Mocha road. This day they rumaged thcfe two 
 (hips, and took out I'uch goods as were fit for their 
 purpofc, which were brought on board the Trade's 
 increafe. The gth came in a fmall frigate which was 
 laden with Ollibanum, of which they bought part, 
 and paid for it to their content in rials. They con- 
 tinued rumai^ing the Indian (hips for more goods. — 
 The nth, the commander detained a fmall bark of 
 India. The 14th Captain Saris came into the ro.id 
 about eight in the morning, anchored with his three 
 Ihips by Sir Henry. Flaviii;^ faluttd each other with 
 their t;uns. Captain Saris, Captain Towerlbn, and 
 Mr. Cox, (their chief merehant) came on board the 
 Trade's Increafe, where thty Ipent all that day toge- 
 ther. Captain Saris at parting, invited Sir Henry and 
 others the next day todinner with him. The 15th, 
 Sir Hcnrv and the reft going on board the Clove, the 
 captain fii.'wed him the Grand Signior's pafs,and read 
 It. 'I'hey had a f;ood deal of convcrlation on this 
 occafioiT. At laft, by an aj;recincnt in writing. Cap- 
 tain Saris was to h.ive one third part of what (honid 
 be taken, paying for it only as Sir Henry tHd, for 
 the fervic;- of his three fhips in aiflion ; and leaving 
 tlie difpofing of the (hips afterwards to him, wlto had 
 fufferedtlu; wrongs. 
 
 On the 16th, the (hips coming in. Sir Henry fent 
 •liis frigate, and brought tliem to anchor; one was 
 lundcd \yiih rice, bound to Mocha j the other was of 
 
 Carapalan, near Dabul, and fubjiiS to the fame 
 prince, l.idcn with pepper, «hieli (hip came (loni 
 Acheii, and was bound (nr Aden, hut bein^ ehaeed by 
 Captain Dounton to leeward of the pl..;e, they pid- 
 pofed to go for Mocha. 
 
 A fliip of Cananor came in on the lOth : (he \ud 
 been at Achen, and was bound for Mneha, laden lui 
 the moft part with pepper. Next day ihire .inued 
 two nriore from Surat, one called the H.iiraiii, bi- 
 lofiging to Abdul H iH'aii, bound for Jodilab ; the 
 the other a fmall (hip of Sir Henrv'b old Miead, Cho- 
 jah Nallan, bound for Mocha. They were biPuylit 
 to an anchor near the commander, who ordered their 
 fails to be taken from their yards, and kept Iduie nf 
 the chief men on board himfelf. Uy them he uiiJci- 
 ftiKjd, that the Great Mogul's niollici'j fliip, called 
 the Rhcmi, would foon be there. The j.oth, theie 
 eame a great Oiip of Diu, laden with Indian eoin- 
 mudities, bound for Mocha, and prefcntly al'ler ano- 
 therof Dabul J (he pad'cJ bv, but the pinnace fclcheJ 
 her back. Next day, Sir Henry fent away pjir.ngeis 
 out of the Suiat (hips. About noon there aiiived* 
 fmall vcffel from Calieiitt, bound fur Mutha, «hich 
 was ftoppeil with the reif. At length, on the jj.l, 
 the Rhcnii of Surat, tin iiuccii nlothe^'^ fliip, arrijed : 
 (he was luiund for Jothlah, and (lopped with the sett : 
 in this velli.1 thcrf were 1500 pcrfons. In the after- 
 noon Sir Henry delivered the (hips their fails, and 
 ordered tliem to he ready betimes the next njorning, 
 to fail with him for the road of AiVab. The 24tli, 
 they all fct f.iil from the ftreig'its, only the Thomas .md 
 D.irling were left to ply up the Streights. Thty ar- 
 rived at Crab Ifland about five o'tluck, and came to 
 an anchor in ii fathoms water, where they rode all 
 night, the wind at fouth fouth-weft. Next morning, 
 they ftood in for the road of A(rub, and about one 
 
 o'clock caft anchor in fcven fathoms and an half,' 
 
 The 2"th, they fetched a large quantity of iiidico 
 out of the (hips of Surat and Diu, The Clove ply- 
 ing where the fleet was. Sir Henry caufed a gun to 
 be lired, which (he anfwercd with another, and '.lore 
 up for the road prcfently after. 
 
 This relation ending here, we (hall give a part of 
 Captain Dounton'j accot'ut, by way of fupplcment 
 to the voyage. 
 
 *• The nrft of April (fays he) from midnight, till 
 fix o'clock, we (leered weft by fouth, five leagues, 
 at which time, by «ftimation« they were 18 leagues 
 (liort of Aden. 
 
 This day the commander fent for Captain Doun- 
 ton, Meffrs, Lawfe and Kowler, to conlult about 
 their fcparation : at length it was concluded, that 
 the Pepper-corn (hould ply before the [>oTt of Aden, 
 to keep all Indian (hips from entering or ftaying 
 there, and put them by towards the Red Sea ; 
 whither the commander was to repair with the Tradc't 
 Increafe, 
 
 •' On the id, from midnight to fix o'elocjc in the 
 morning, when they (hould have fepa atcd, about 
 eight lc.lgucs eaftward of Aden, they fuuiid the 
 Darling at anchor ; (he had got before thein by reafnrt 
 of their lingering for her four days : (he had aonc her 
 bufinefs at Socotra, and left that ifland before the 
 commander paffcd it; and not a day before him in 
 her paffagcby th; Saboyna, Abba del Curia and Mount 
 Ffclix, where he lingered for her. She brought front 
 thence the copy of a letter left with the King by 
 Captain John Saris, Who had under his command 
 the Clove, the Hcftor, and the Thom.!', fignifying, 
 that notwithflandine the account Sir Henry gave in 
 his letter, of the villainous treatment received in the 
 Red Sea, yet with his (hips was gone thither. Im- 
 mediately, the commander, with the Trade's In- 
 creafe, and Darling, departed towards the Streighti, 
 leaving Capitaiii Dounton at an anchor, to execute 
 the order before given him, 
 
 " The third, at one in the morninp, they fct 
 
 (ail, and ftood fouthward, the better to dUcovcr; and 
 
 thus all day kept up to windward of Aden. In the 
 
 morning wcit (ccn three fail, w hich were bound for 
 
 ^ Aden, 
 
 }* 
 
 -;%-^ 
 
^-WT- 
 
 I6t2. 
 
 T f) GUINEA A N n T ff F EAST I N D I F. 9. 
 
 Aili'iii but llood away fur liini ; fn tlul he rontJ not 
 ciiiiiK near tliciii all iiiflit Tlii- wiml lildwin; hntd, 
 he iliil not uiirlior, hm l.iv ii liiill, tu try how miirh 
 Ihefhip drove, wliicli lie (oiinJ to be ilirii' I ip.up* m 
 ten huum, running iliiis Ur in. Ami ilic 4th, about 
 fcvcn in the iiioiniois l<e ancliorid in 1 .'. t'.iihoin«, 
 thrcuor tour mile' liointhc town otAileii. The i/ih, 
 in the morning;, a liltlu after midni)>hl, lluy let l.id 
 tocroU a vedil tliey faw, and in the nioiniii ^ l.iw her ri- 
 •linj; at unilior, ihicc inilc!. to the fiiu(h»ard of them, 
 bill- licing them |irepnre to bear u|i wiili her, prcfenily 
 VIM under lail, and Hood in with Aden; but be- 
 tween nine and ten o'elock, the I'liipir-corn firin;^ 
 a gun at her, tliofe un boaid Drurk their topfaih, 
 and fml in her boat. They told llip captain they 
 were bounil for Aden, and that their fliip brlon{',ed lu 
 llic Samoiin, or kini; of Calicut, fioni whence tliey 
 had been out 40 day'i ; that they p.ifl'ed near Socotra, 
 and louelied at Mount Ktelix, where they faw the 
 Ultcr left there by ihc commander, for the Darling i 
 a« alfo a (hip 01 Dabul, which came from Achen. 
 'I'liir nachadaof this Ihip, was called Abraham Abba 
 /cimla, her burden wa< 140 tons, and the car^jo, ac- 
 cni-din)i; to their inlorniaiion, as follows : tameric, 
 three Ions, rice, 2300 ({uinlals, jagaza, or brown 
 fugar, 40 bales, cardamum, fevcn bahars ; dry gin- 
 Dcr four quintals and a half) pepper, a ton and a 
 naif) cloth 31 packs, each pack containing five or 
 fix maunds. Site had in her 73 pcrfuns, for the ufcs 
 following : 20 to bale water, and other bufinencs 
 below i tij^ht (or the helm ; four for the lop and yard 
 and other buliiulTe'i aloft ; 20 boys fordrcfling fcveral 
 mens visuals ; the reft merchants and pilgrims.' 
 Thry being of the place whofu inhabitants never 
 wronged the En^^lifli, the captain difmin<:d them, with- 
 out taking any of her goods, excepting two tons of 
 water, which they fpared him. However, as he 
 would by no means permit thnn to goto Aden, they 
 were very uneafy ; to that he was obliged to tell them, 
 ]f iliey ottered to attempt it, he would (ink their (hip, 
 and leave them only their bo.it to fave their lives. 
 Yet their unwillingnefs to depart, made him threa- 
 ten them farther, that if they did not j:ct away before 
 any other fail came in view, he (hould be forced to 
 fink their (hip to prevent their dealing with the Turks, 
 his enemies. Upon this they fct fail, and ftood fome- 
 what off the land, but to leeward ; fo that he was 
 under the ncceflily 10 keep plying otf and on all day 
 and night, for tear in the dark they (liould Hip into 
 Aden. It muft be obferved, that as loon as any (hip 
 from the caftward or elfewhere, came in view, (he 
 had noticegiven her by the governor of the town, of 
 Captain Dounton's being on the coaft, before he could 
 rome to fpeak with her, and when he had the Mala- 
 bar under command, the governor fent a boat on 
 board with fcveral Turks, and two Turkilh foldiers 
 of the town, who had been formerly fomc of the in- 
 llrumcnti employed by Abdal Rahman Aga, to bind 
 and torture the captain's men, then in their hands, 
 'ihcle, (loubtlcl's, came as fpics to Ice what (hip (he 
 was, and fo to colour their defign, brought fome 
 fruit to fill. As foon as they faw who their vifitants 
 were, (lor ihcy knew them immediately) they would 
 l;\vc put ort' their boat, and have gone; but the 
 • aptain would not permit them, being come on board, 
 he c.iufed tlicni to he put in mind of their cruel treat- 
 ment of hi.s people, but without ufing aiiy harfh 
 Jjnju.igc ; and when he thought they were fufliciently 
 fernlicd by the convidion of their own minds, he 
 iiideicd them to be told, that they (hciilJ, notwith- 
 Aanding, fee how far his nation exceeded the I'urks 
 in lenity ; for that, although they had mod cruelly 
 handled his men, after inviting them on (liore, under 
 the moll folcmn proniiles of friend(hip and fecurity j 
 and, although he kne^r th^-y thcmfclves had been con- 
 cerned in aiHicting them, yet he would let them go 
 without doing them any injury. Therefore they de- 
 parted, promifing next d.ty to bring more refrcfh- 
 mcntt. Next morning they fent a boat with good 
 iilh, and promifcd to come again with better provi- 
 Vyj., I. N' 34. 
 
 liini, which ihcy were providin,': i but the Pepi'r- 
 coin Iviiig under till, to put the Nlal.ihir 10 lnw.irdj 
 lliiml oil' loo far for tlum to row to her. H.id ihat 
 (hip (l.ihl, the ag.i might have permitted them to per. 
 loriii ihiir promilcs. 
 
 On the i4ih in the morning, the wiml at can, they 
 law anolher fliip of like biirlhen, hound to Aden. 
 Il.ivini; lorced hir toaiKlior, .iboiit ten o'clock, the 
 captain liint on hoaul to feareli her, and bring away 
 tome of her men, while he ordered his boat to b<^ 
 hoifted out. Hy them he undcrllood they were of 
 I'orniean, a town wliieh was then tributary to 
 theCireat Mo^ul, who had abufed the Knglifli na- 
 tion, and who dtlpil'ed their king : the Nachada be- 
 ing n Uannian, C.iptain Dounton being at anchor 
 with his (hip, two miles from Aden, aiul (inliiii^ hy 
 the Malabar* working the day before, tli.it if any 
 other tail, ol ever fo much importance, (hould .ip- 
 proaeh before he could fini(h his bulinefs with her, lie 
 muft leave one or other of them, to go where (he 
 thought lit i he therefore judijed it better to lend bis 
 own people to fcaich what he had in her, than ex- 
 amine ihofe who belonged 10 her. Iliiis, with great 
 labour in rummaging bifore night fill, thry had out 
 of her 14 packs of coarfc diitiy, of li.x cori>es a pick, 
 and 36 ballets, containing; fo many of the like num- 
 ber of dutties i onelmall ballet of eamlaiiinrmill, or 
 Imall blue pieces of calico, with 30 or more whiia 
 baftas, a little butter and lamp-oil. Thcfe were all 
 fit for them. The reft of her lading were packs of 
 cotton, which, next day, they propofed to cX' 
 amine. 
 
 This day Maharim, Aga of Aden, fent to the 
 captain a prefent of hcn-rggs, limes and plantains, 
 which he would not look upon as fuch, fending 
 word by the nielTengcr, 'I'hat the manifold injuries 
 done his friends and nation at Aden the year before, 
 had brought him there again to revenge nimfelf, by 
 difturbing the I'urks. And that his coming was not 
 to merit favours at their hands, fo he rcfolved to re- 
 ceive none of their difl'cmbling courtcfies : for fince 
 they cut the throats of the Englifh, when they came 
 to them in friend(hip, they could expeft no real kind- 
 nefs from them now, that they came to put all the 
 Turks in thofe parts to a defiance. He added, 
 with regard to the prefent, that as it was fent, his 
 people ibould take them for their own ufe, giving as 
 much as the thinj^s were worth. There likewife 
 came on board, a h(hing-boat with fome fre(h-fi(h, 
 which ;he capuln ordered to be bought for fupper, 
 always making the bringer cat part of what hi: 
 brought." 
 
 On the 6th, in the morning, they defcried a 
 fail to the fouth of Aden, plying to the eaftward. 
 In the afternoon the pinnace being fent to fetch her, 
 brought her near. She w.is a jelba of Shaher, bound 
 home, laden with grain, opium, and other commo- 
 dities i bcfides many pilgrims from Mecca, as paf- 
 fcngcrs. Next morning they faw a jelba plyinj to 
 the caftward between them and the (hore ; the pin- 
 nace being fent to fetch her olF, (he proved to be the 
 fame that had palTcd by the 17th and 22d. Of thofe 
 on board, for a trial, they bought nine pounds and a 
 half of opium ( and fo again dilmifl'ed them. 
 
 On the 28th, in the morning, they fet fail, 
 plying o(F and on to windward of Aden, with the 
 wind at eaft. Next day in the afternoon, having 
 de:cried two fail ftanding towards Aden, the captain 
 fent his pinnace well-manned, to bring them in % 
 which by four o'clock on the 30th, was effeihd. 
 Thcv both belonged to a place on the Abyirir.lan 
 Coani called Bandar Zcada. One was only laden with 
 mats, the other with fome mats and fixty-eight tt\efp ■ 
 with exeat rumps, which they bought, ana fo dit- 
 mifrecfthem. They prcfenily failed into Aden ; the 
 wind at eaft-fouth-ean, and eaft-north-eaft. 
 
 On the 8th, with an eafy sale of wind at north- 
 eaft-by-eaft, they continued plying towards the 
 Streignts. At ten o'clock they defcried the land on 
 the Abytlinian Hif, which a]>{|icarcd like »n illand< 
 5 H till 
 
 ■! SI 
 
 1 • 
 
 1 i 
 
J«o 
 
 VOYAGES OF THE L N O I, 1 9 II 
 
 {i'»ia. 
 
 till tlicy iHtw neater. Frrnn thence they ncerril 
 nortli-wilt lowjiJt iheSt(cigh(«, then, by cltini.tiiun, 
 ten li-jguctdilUnt, which, tow^irili four in the jftir- 
 nuiiii, ihiy hail fight ut. tine they lini;crr'(t oli' oiiJ 
 un, to (pcnd tlic night. Daylight ■ppc.iiini:, ihcy 
 ll^od in towarJi the Slreighti, at the entrance 
 iheii'Ol', they perceived a fniaVl latl a Item of them: 
 then lure the r.i|>t.iin llriicli hit top-laiU tu Hay for 
 her, And lent >>ll' lii« pinnace whirh brought the 
 nachada and Malinr un board. I'hiy were lubjc^tt 
 to the tircat Mo^ul, and belonged) to a place called 
 Latter, at the mouth of the Kiver of Sindi. iU boi* 
 u|> with them in a hay cin tlic eiiU-lide, uiul .nnchor' 
 ing in fevcn lathnmi j lent hit nicrch.iiits to K'.iich 
 whatAic wa« laden with. They found l^vir.il p.ick«of 
 cloth, and many lottt of feeds, befido li.iihcr, jart 
 of butter, and .1 gru.it qu.intily of oil, fume for eaiinu 
 and fomu lor burning iu l.impi. A* the rapt.iin could 
 nut keep her for w.inl of water, Uk hiving no [mI- 
 fcngcrk, and was iiiicerlaiii of a wind, he rcfolvrd tu 
 lake out the packs of cloth filtell fur their ^urpolV, 
 with foine bind 1 and oi) for ul'e in the thip, and d) let 
 ihim goon 10 Moclia. They h.id fcuiiekl about ihi» 
 work, when, towinlt thice in the altcrin'on, they 
 faw opening the eall-latKl ot the Strught.i, a vell'el 
 uf 200 tons i and ininndiatL'ly I'ullowiii^ her, a lar^c 
 ihip, whofc main yatd was (orty-lhrLU yuidi long. 
 'I bcic Ihip* being very near, beture they could be 
 fecn for the land, the great one, by the alCftaiKC uf 
 wind and tide, had got a-head uf the l'ep[K'r-corn, 
 before the captain could get out uf the bay to crof» 
 hir J I'o that (he was broii[;Ht to a iKrn ehace . but 
 drawing nearer, they knew her by her inadi and tops, 
 to he the Mahniudi of Dabul, their friend, lo ttial 
 tliey were difappuintcd in their expciflariuns uf a 
 prize: yet the captain, knowing the ptidc of the 
 nachada, would gladly have exercilcd hi!< authority 
 over him, bccaitle he would never vouchl'ufe to vilit 
 the commander, either in the road of Mocha or xt 
 JJabul : but firtding the veflel gain ground of him, 
 he gave tlicin one (hot, and iiood aj'ain with the 
 other lhip> This latter feeing the knglifh follow 
 the great one, llruck .i-hull, thinking to lofe them 
 by tne darkncfs of the approacliinn ni^ht. Captain 
 I.)ounton :ank her to be a Ihip of Uiu, but when they 
 canicup with her, the men I'aidthcy were of Cuts Na- 
 gone, a place not far from the river of Sindi. She was 
 laden with cotton, a few packs of calico, fome but 11 r 
 and oil. The Captain having got fome of the principal 
 men on board him, caul'ed tticni to edge up with him 
 i»to flioal watcF-on the Arabian Coali: v\ here by 
 lights he endeavoured to find out the Larrec Oiip, m 
 which he had left Hvemen; a: d at night theyaniiuired 
 in twelve fathoms, four lc.ij;u.-s within the Strcights. 
 Here the next two days, they took out of the Larne 
 (hip, fixty-rix bundles of calico (which, bccaufc 
 ibey were uiherwll'e furniflicd for s.11 their Engliih 
 commodities and needed it not, was delivered to them, 
 with part of the butter and oil : only eicht gorges of 
 baltas, for which they were paid), rhcle things 
 bevng taken out, the >.:.ptain put on board her pafTen- 
 gers and pil.;rim!i of the cotton (liip, and fenta letter 
 py them to Sir Henry Middleton, in cafe they fliauld 
 (ind him ill the ro.id of Mocha : but before they 
 departed, the Kiiglifh faw a vefTel coming towards 
 tUem, and bccaufc the wind was not good, they fcnt 
 ;\ canoe before, for expedition. The mafter inform- 
 ed the capt.iin, that he belonged to Bandar Zeada, a 
 tQwn on the Abyllinan Coalt, half a day's journey 
 wcllward from Bandar Caflum ; that he was bound to 
 .Mocha with mat; : that going on ihore, as he p.ifled 
 the Streight<i, he was toldbyjone, who faid he had a 
 letter for Captain Uounlon, that his countrymen 
 were gone to Alfab, with eight or nine Indian fhips : 
 but that he who had the Utter would not fend it by 
 him, bcraulc he expected a reward, in cal'c the captain 
 (hoiild be put back to the Streights. Upon this ad- 
 vice, the captain fet fail the fame afternoon, but 
 the wind not proving favgurablc, he was obliged again 
 tocgot; to aii anchor, v 
 
 It wat about ikit time that Sir ileniy, klirr many 
 ddayt nccitcd the eoiiipdliiK.n niuiu y aliiady Uiili- 
 tioncd, i/ld the Kii.P.lilh villi! ■ dcpaitid. 
 
 After pjflii.g Ailin, Cipiam l)i uiidn fnyi, 
 the fltipmaiTte to Tikca, whire ihc Ijailiiij: w.i', 
 wliieh bad buiiul tluee niitiluiUk und thru Iwilurr t 
 .ind li.id nii'lt of ih> ir nun fuk. — 
 
 •' Here (l,i)» (he fapiaiii) ihcy l'k(wife he;ird uf 
 C'ptain DaviJ Mulilliii.n i if llie lour llii|.t ol lli-? 
 iiiiilh voyngr, whiiu'f Iwi. wvic alii nily «iti\<d kl 
 li.iiitam . and ot C'..pi.uii Cillltlcn's ni.in ol w.ii : 
 this gvnttiman, wIioIlhI Km hiii a littlt luliiie, i-av* 
 an areount ot hdiui l.iil ol Multh already iinin', iir 
 ne.irat h.ind, l.idrnvmli jninuuiition : .uvMii two Ihij t 
 ol Ncw-Ilavrn,in Kr. lue.cume alloiuii.uli. \V).i».u 
 i.ews took .iw.iy all lioprs of tepairin^ ihtir lirid-t.Ll, 
 ciolKd, anddiciyid \i<v:i^e. 
 
 *' Dii the 3-H\', Su Henry Middhlon finding luih 
 little encouLi^iuient at thn pljce, let f.iil the inpht 
 liliowing in the I'eppcr-uiin, towards llantam, 
 Is.iving Captain nounton in the I r;id<-'s Imrcaii, 
 to uniaill till the lOlh i.f next niontli. On the 2(i 
 of November, all the ineiiof evciy kind, in Tekti;!, 
 wmt to the wars w ith Raja Ituiuli, till whole rttuti;, 
 no hulinels wat to be done on land. I Ins d.,v m 
 taking up the wine, ihey found a eiiiifiditable iiu'ii- 
 tity runout, the calks hiini; rotten. 
 
 " On the 20th tliey letched the remainder of the 
 pepper weighed the day beloie, in which thcyililto./ 
 vertd much deceit i for in fome ipf the l.uks tin if 
 were finall fatks uf paddy) in foinc rice, and m 
 Ujnie great ftumt : alf.i lotten and wet pipp> r put 
 into new dry lack* J t el thtre was no remedy. Ilai- 
 iiig gtit every thing (ii board, they lit tail near niid- 
 ni^ht, by the moon-lliine, the wind at norih-eall u4° 
 the ihore. I'hey took care to avoid the two known 
 rocks, three leagues fioni tlw illind, one fouth by 
 well, the btlici fouih by call, having 26 fathoms bt- 
 twcen them, co/.y 'ground ; and for better I'ecutity, 
 lleeied back the ciiiili: thry Hood the fame day they 
 came. As ihey flood olV, the wind fomewhat Ihtunk 
 on thtm, vit ihev lay hril weft, then weft by fouth, 
 and well louth-will, and lad of all foulh-weft by 
 wifl ) the eurr..nt let them fomcthing foulhwaru, 
 their depths ptcportionably Itom 14 to 27 fathomi, 
 all oozy ground. The next call they had four fa- 
 thom';, and the (hip let l.ill upon a rock. Sounding;, 
 they lound a-lieri> four i.iihomf, and on the (lar- 
 buard midfliip, a t|tiartcr Id's than three faihoint, 
 under the head thrie fathoms, and alliip's lirir^th ofl, 
 five fathom? i on the latboard bow, a (hip's length 
 dillant, they had fix feet, in the midfhip 16 loot, un. 
 dcr the larboanl gallery jo t,ct} and round about 
 within a cable's length, deep water. She remained 
 upon the rock from .1 liiilc niter three, till five o'clock, 
 but the wind foon t;i> w calm, and the fca fmooth ; 
 likcwifc the let or metion of the fliip, (confideriiigr 
 the place) w.is very ealy. The water had fo incrcal'ej 
 in the hold, that both their chain-pumps thougit 
 plied hard, could not, for a lung time, gain on it: 
 but their main endeavour was, with the utmoft ex- 
 pedition, to get out a llcrn anchor, whith was let 
 fall in twenty-fix fathoms ri^ht a-llern, two ihiidi 
 of a cable diftant, in order to heave lur oft': whith 
 had I'o good efl'eiil, that before they could, with the 
 capftan, bring the cable tight, the (hip was of her 
 own accord fet into deep water. This was no foonLf 
 done, but they had a weftcrly gale, which put thini 
 oft' a mile from the rock, where they .inchoicd to 
 wait for the boat, which brought their kedgc .iftir 
 them ; and though it was a clear day, they could hot 
 dilcern where the rock ftood. 
 
 " At length the captain, aftcraconfultation, judged 
 it proper to return to Tekoa, there to endeavour la. 
 Hop iuch part of the leak as they found to be in their 
 (lern. Accordingly they fet (ail for the idand, and 
 at fun -let anchored in the fame place, which'for their 
 turns they defired. This day, for a long time they 
 kept both pumps goltig, but the water ftill increafrJ 
 when the chain chanced t«i break, which nftrii 
 , . happened , 
 
•ftljj 
 
 TO () U 1 N K A AND THE EAST INDIES. 
 
 J^« 
 
 It: 
 
 cx- 
 
 irdi 
 lidt 
 the 
 hi'i- 
 
 Rill 
 
 1 to 
 not 
 
 bsppntcJ. The two pum|>« at once cmployol twtlvc 
 men, .mil (he LitiDur W.II In ixtrcinr, thul withnul 
 Otiliiii >' iMiiJt It cuuM not long he contlnurd ; but 
 the wall , h<''ng oiK'c htnu^'ht low, one piim|i at u 
 Illl1^' h.is ilw.i;> txTit fiilK' K-nt to (liCih.irjjc it | Jnil 
 yet It tucs all the |i-r>ple liv oiirii lhi^lol^ : lo 0\H 
 thi) cdplifo touiul it i^>{|li>ii J more ih.iir orjin^ry 
 adJrcri to a|f|Xift their itiurno;'"";'' •>lJ lUinoili'i; 
 
 " On the i*'!, ,<n<l iho two iii*»><iliii{( lUys ihcy 
 l.i. ' ' iiiJiio, cum, .*?, JiiJ othrr ihin^t, iinli-a- 
 vourii It) I'ljhtfn the H.di, *h'M.' tiny kmw the 
 leak W4«, riicy were cliuii ciii|il y'l, till thi' Stii ol 
 Derember, in (toppmo thn l';ik», who ll dim*", thry 
 kt lull Iruin Teko.i, Jivl, wiili ilir b<jiii a-hi.n', r"' 
 uvcr the b.vr, havin;r (our t.ithoiin ;it low wiIm. 
 They g«t without tlio lll.iiiJ l»y the hil|i of a (i. lii 
 giile at iiorth-iiorth-call, luirth-iiof (h-we(i .!iul north- 
 Witt, which a« tlir Inn not liijjii, both dul' 1. miil jt 
 lali Ihrniik npon thrni : roth:it their roTle lym;; but 
 fouth-routli-wi.ll aiiJ lipntli-liy-Wi(>,thcyranK'liy ilJi- 
 oiailun, near the rock which ih<y h.vJ t'oinierly llrui'k 
 ujion. Tiny niaile iliiigcnl I'carcli with boal» a-hiMcl, 
 ■nO could Uilccrn no figns of it, the lia lH'in|' rinooth \ 
 they Ihcn fit away tu the fnuiliw.ml, I'oiitii-by-wii. 
 »nd fouth, from liin-fct to fiin-iitinj';, the o'h il.iy 
 with* finall (^alc nirlh-will-by-wcrt. Afti uv.iiiU, 
 having; IK-eitd ("onih-will-bv-fouth ten Kii;^',iic<, with 
 the ttinil at Will-Morth-will and weH, thiy dilciicd 
 fume p.in of a great ill.iiiJ bt.irin^^ foiith-welleily, and 
 then Iteerrd away fouth. Thi^ night they had much 
 rain in gutU, wiili thunder and litihtninn, the >Aind 
 was fickle, (hriiikinNt to the foutji-wcll and foutli- 
 fuuth-wcll : it continued not long in that point, 
 ihlltiny to the lbiith-ra|(, ealt-fouth-eall, and lalt j 
 and again to luuth-c il(, thiy r.nled about eight Icmiics 
 to fun-rile, at which limr that part of (he ill.ind 
 which they faw the night before, bore Ibuth-cail 
 eight Icaeuet off. Alfo to the nlKvui J they had fi;;ht 
 6r the higii land of .Suinatr.i, near twenty leagues 
 diftaiit. At noon they were in two degrees eleven 
 minutes fouth latitude. The nortlicrmnOpartof thel'e 
 illattds, lies nine leagues fouth-ealt from the found 
 they came through between theweflcrn iflands. 
 
 On the 20th, they arrived at Pulo P.inian, the 
 Pepper-corn having been fitted there. Sir Henry 
 Middleton called a council to advife about the 
 damages which the 1'radc's Inereafc had received 
 upon the rock : the refult w.is, that ftic tnull be now 
 ftrengthened and careened^ before (he could return 
 home I (this commander died in this voyage at 
 Machian, on the a4th of May, as was thoiiijht of 
 grief, for the (hip's being oh (noro, and the lofs of 
 nis men) and as this rctiuired fo much timfi 
 that (he could not fet forward this year ; it was con- 
 cluded to difpatch the Pepper-corn Immediately 
 for England, to give fome Utisfailion to the ad 
 venturers." 
 
 The Pepper-corn being l.iden» on the ith of Feb- 
 ruary fet fail, and arrived on the loth of May in the 
 road of Saldanna, where Captain Uoiinton exped^cd to 
 have found all the (hips, which formerly departed 
 homewards i but he there met with only the Heflor, 
 and Thomas, two (hips of th« eight voyagers, and 
 Captain Newport, in the expedition, employed in 
 the 1 2th voyagr, by help of whofe men and coopers 
 the Pepper-corn in four days took in all her water, 
 intending not to (lay to refrelh her men, in order to 
 have the company homewards of the Thomas and 
 Heililor, which were to depart the next day. Accord- 
 ingly, the isth, at nine in the morning, they fet 
 fail, with the wind fuuthcrly, but being out of the 
 bay, they were much delayed by contrary winds, 
 which drove them foutliwardly< I'his night the Ex- 
 pectation doubled the Cape of Good Hope, (haping 
 her courfe towards Perfia, there to land Sir Robert 
 Shirley, and his Perfian lady, with Sir Thomas 
 Powel, and his £ngli(h lady, ;dlpa{rengers, who were 
 bound thither. 
 
 Towards evening the next day, the Thomas was 
 fallen far aft^n ^ but the He<f)ur with lofty fi^l bore 
 
 awJV. rhi« nii;t the Pippcr-eorn loft their eoirimiy, 
 which, to rci'uvcr, the raptain Hood to thcl^julli- 
 ward, He kn'W they coiilii nut run hiiii out uf fii^hr^ 
 :ind alihoiif^h he thought II a^.iinll rc.iluii tn (land iii 
 upon a leetliore, yet he bore up iinvaidi l.md, In uidrf 
 tolii'k them. Not leeing them, he delayeil the tiiie 
 for them till the i()ih, dutiii].; which lime the men 
 were employed in repairing their we.ik ind decayed 
 fails. 
 
 This day at fun-rifin;', Saldanna bore half ad.|'rfn 
 e:ill, dillani 17 lea^uei, the wrathei U\i\a iloi,lv 
 inddatk, whiih continued the three fcdiowin; day«. 
 Tlie abth uf June, as they i.inie .ili, m i)ic 11, mn- 
 eall point, opening the road, and lultid in, with 
 (li Ir anchor,, ready tohl f.ill, (li> y obl,'rviil ivo e.i- 
 raik> III (he ro.id, whole ncighbouiiiood did not plenik 
 Captain Douiiioii, luithrr lUirll he vthiurt (v aocht/r 
 by them, on acroiiiit >>l lheirulii.il titiichi-ry | f^ute,- 
 l,irc he Ihjnd nil again by ,1 wind, to delibirntc (or ii 
 while what to do. His intention was tolimnond in 
 a'.'ain, to try «hitliii thiy would bef^one, concluding 
 tliey iiiij^lit, upon a ruppufilion, lli.it \n- lidd iiion 
 coiii|i.iiiy iii.ir h;iiid •, but h, I'Oiiul the current ftt the 
 (liip 1,1 fill to the leew.iid, ih.it lie ciiild li.n K n- 
 cover the road by twoo'clm k in the .ili< 1 nor n, Tind- 
 iiij^^ llicre w.is no ollur rem ,lv, he oid.rcd tin. I.iilort 
 to be.ir n|i the helm tor K,n",l;ii,li hi^ liopis In in; 
 thus Irullrated, both of rclnlliini; l>i>< wi ,lk and flcklf 
 people, ami rcgainin;; the coin|i..iiy of ijnr Mi.ilot and 
 I'hoinas. The 15th and ifjth, they li id many fliuwoi 
 of r.iin I and the l8th llieycrofliJ (h'- line. 
 
 Th.- lolh of Septimber, they h.icl .1 very firong 
 gale of wind, and a hollow |,.a j but bcin;; iiii.ibK- 
 to j;et into any part of the Couth of Kii;;laiid, (hsy 
 lloo,l oil their coinli", noith-caft, in |iO|is to fetch 
 Mil ford H.iven in Wali>, the looncr to frnJ Icttirs to 
 the company. The 11th, at five oMowk in the af- 
 leriioon, lli y difcovernl the roall of \V.;le<i towind- 
 waid, nndtlic coa(t of Ireland to leeward, being a 
 high hill between Wexford and Watrtford. lliia 
 night they fprnt with their he.id to the fuulhward^ 
 and next morning, finding it was not poinble to fetch 
 Milford Haven, the winds being cohtr-iry, he (looJ 
 in towards the lirll coaft, ihuftng to (;<> to VVaicrford, 
 rather than any other h.trbour. 'I'ho 13th in the 
 morning, they difcovercd the tower (,f Whooke, the 
 only mark for the river of Waterfoid, about ihrrc 
 leagues diliant. At eight o'clock they perceived < 
 fmall boat coming out of ilie river, which, be- 
 ing walled, bound to Wexford) wh'im the captain 
 hired to return, and give notice of his coming, tu 
 the lieutenant of the port of Dun^annon, to prcvcnif 
 his (lopping there, bccanleof the channel being nar- 
 row in that place, the (hip might be endangered in 
 winding up at anchor. At noon they got up into the 
 river, fo hiah as Palliigc. Here he found Mr. Stephen 
 Bonner of Lime, being come with hisba'rk to (i(h, 
 who laying afide his own buflnefs, was very diligent 
 to provide for the cale at)d relief of the weak and 
 Tick. 
 
 On the 18th, the captain fent Mr. Bonner towards 
 London, with letters to the company, to "ivc them 
 an account of his arrival and wants, dclirine they 
 might be fupplicd, Tlieaofli, Dr. Laniadei, Tiifliop 
 of Waterford, vci-y kindly vifited Captain Douiitnn, 
 bringing down with hini his good cheer, and preacKwd 
 afcrmonon board. The aill, Capta!:i 'ii'n Bur- 
 rel came to fee him alfo, and having proHi- : >) lend 
 him money to fupply his wantv, provided iie could 
 fend fomebody toCorlt for it 1 he, on the nth, Itnt 
 Mr. Mollineux along with the captain tWtfher. The 
 22d Anthony Stratford, lieutenant of the fort of 
 Dungannon, having hireid a villainous fellow (whoin, 
 for his mi(behaviour. Captain Uoiinton had cauled 
 to be imprifoned in Waterford) to fay what niuft bring; 
 him and his men within the llatute of piracy, obtained 
 a warrant from the Earl of Ormond, and came to Paf- 
 fage, whet* he fent to defir» the captain to fend his boat 
 well manned, to fetch him and feveral other gentlemen 
 on board to lee the Ihip. The boat's crew appre- 
 
 hendei 
 
 \ 
 
3<)> 
 
 VOYAGES OF THE ENGL IS fl 
 
 [1611. 
 
 I 
 
 hcnJcil the men, and prcrently came on board i where, 
 having arrclleil the captain and his fliip for piracy, he 
 committed him prifoncr to the fort uf Dungannon, 
 iving ftridl charge that none (hould have accefs to 
 im, without hi« warrant ; and would have obliged 
 thofe, \v)iu by his permiflion vifitcd the captain, to de- 
 clare on oath, what difcourfc palled between them. 
 His man was fwurn not to carry letters between him 
 and any one : they alfo examined fcveral of the peo- 
 ple this night upon oath, omitting nothing that 
 might induce them to accufc him. He continued in 
 prifun till the 16th in the morning, at which time 
 Stratford brought him a letter from Sir Laurence Ef- 
 mond his captain, inviting him to meet him (the 
 knight) at PalVage. They went together; and there 
 the captain met Sir Laurence, accompanied with the 
 bifhop of VVatcrford, come from the Earl of Ormond, 
 to replace him in his charge ; which, after much in- 
 treaty and perfuafions, he yielded to. The 23d Mr. 
 Alollincux, having fent the captain's letters to the 
 company, to acquaint them with the aforementioned 
 affair, returned from Cork with money. 
 
 On the 2jth Mr. Benjamin Jofeph, in a fmall (hip 
 
 of Briftul, came, and brought with him both men, 
 money, and provifmns, to fupply the captain's wants, 
 which he took in with all fpced in order to be gone. 
 The 6th of Oflober he departed from the river of 
 Waterford, the 12th in the morning he was abrcatt 
 of Bcachy ; and b^ eight at night anchored in Dover 
 road. Tlie 13th in the morning he left Dover road, 
 and at ten o'clock anchored in the Downs, near the 
 Aflurnncc man of war, faluting her with five pieces uf 
 ordnance. Immediately Mr. Cocket, the maltcr, 
 cainc on board, and again ftopjxd his fliip till farther 
 order from the lord admiral: Upon this Captain 
 Dounton fcnt Mr. Mollineux to London, with let- 
 ters to inform th« company of it. The 17th Mr. 
 Aderfly came from them with a letter for the captain, 
 a rcleafe for the Aiip ; and Mr. Punniat, a pilot, to 
 bring her about, the i8tli in the morning, they fct 
 fail i and at fix o'clock at night anchored at I'ilburv. 
 The 20th, in the morning, they departed; and at 
 ten o'clock came up to Rlackw.ill. In the afleninuii 
 the deputy, and Icvctal of the committee, coming 
 down, Captain Dounton delivered up his chirgc. — 
 And thus ended the voyage to the Red Sea and bur.it. 
 
 A VOYAGE TO THE CANAP.IES, CAPE VERDE ISLANDS and 
 "bARBADOES, by captain ROBERTS. 
 
 THE Englifl], who had fuccefsfully followed the 
 track of the Portuguefb in the Eaft, were early 
 difpofed to fail to the weltcin hemifphere. 1'hc Ca- 
 iiarics and Cape Verde iflands, which the Portuguefc 
 claimed the honour of difcovering, though fome ot 
 them were probably known to the ancient;:, under 
 the name of the Fortunate Iflands or Hefperides, 
 ^vere vifited by the Englilh, who alfo founded fcttle- 
 ments in the Weft-Indies. 
 
 The voyage we are about to relate is one of thofc 
 which abounded in crofs adventures to the under- 
 taker, but at the fame time is Iiich as muft, by 
 jils variety, prove entertaining to inoft of our read- 
 ers. — 
 
 On the 14th of September, 1721, Captain Roberts 
 contraiHcd with fome merchants of London to go to 
 Viiginia; and there, nftcr taking polTeflion of a floop 
 called the Dolphin, to buy a cargo to flave with on the 
 coaft of Guinea, from whence to proceed to Virginia 
 or B.irbadoes, as he judged mod for the owners .id- 
 vantage. Captain Scott, one of the owners, being 
 bound for Virginia in the King Sagamore, a (hip of 
 22 guns, Roberts went on board him for fo much of 
 the voyage, and accordingly they fet fail from Lon- 
 don : But being driven into Plymouth by contrary 
 winds, they happened to be there when Lord Relha 
 vcn, who was going governor to Barbadoes in the 
 Royal Ann galley, had put into that port. The 
 1\-inJ foon after prefenting fair (though not likely 
 to ib.nd, the weather looking very unfettled) the 
 Riival .'\r.ii failed, but had not been long out before 
 (hu nut with hard and contrary gales of wind; and 
 (jb \v.\5 i.ippofed through the rauincfs of the lieute 
 ftant) ".v;is cafl away upon the Stagg Rocks of!" the 
 Li/.ard, wherein hlslordfliip, and mofl of the crew pC' 
 rifhcd. Ciptaiii Scott, with the author, (laid there 
 {tear a month wind boiind, and then failed, till they 
 arrived at (he ifle Du S.d. Here not meeting with 
 tny of the inhabitants, they made fail about eight at 
 night, and next day about ten arrived at Bona Viflaj 
 tvfietc it had been rcfolvcd upon to take in a cargo 
 of fait r they anchored in the Eiiglifll road under the 
 little ifland within the funkeii rock. Next day they 
 went on (hore to aoroc with the inhabitants for their 
 6 
 
 afTiftancc to bring fait from the falt-pans down to the 
 water-fidc ; as alfo to fettle prices of goods, and ct 
 the ifland horfes and aflcs, which they were to t.ikc 
 in after the fait. This done, they fet all hands to 
 work at making fait. 
 
 From hence they failed to the i(le of May, whcrt 
 they met with five fail laden with falt-petrc, for the 
 Eaft country up the Baltic, among whom tluy got 
 fome water, and alio tcibacco, wnich proved very 
 convenient. Hence they made for St. Jago, aiul 
 coming the length of Port Villa de Praya with 
 all their fails out, they could not lufF into the hay, 
 but were driven by the fea to the leeward of the 
 road : into which they did not go for three days, mid 
 by this means they left feveral of the aflcs. Being 
 arrived at Barbadoes the latter part of March, 1722, 
 their horfes and afles were in very bad plight, they 
 could fell but very few of the latter only j and had 
 not a country gentleman given the feeding gratis, the 
 cheaper way would have been to have knocked them 
 all on the head, for it would have cofl more to have 
 fitted them for a market than they would fell for. 
 Alfo the Canary wine they brought from the Tcnc- 
 rifFe was fold under the price of common Madeira : 
 th\s being the wine the people were ufed to, thcuglj 
 theirs coll double and was twice as good. Meeting 
 with thcfc difappointments Captain Scott reloUed 
 not to proceed to Virginia, according to his orders, 
 which Roberts not liking, he was dilcharged, at his 
 own dcfire, by the captain, the 24th of April ; who, 
 in lieu of wages and fome money lent, bought a flcop 
 called the Margaret, for Roberts to trade with, pro- 
 mifing a bill of falc to hold part in her proportion- 
 able to the debt. In this floop the author, t.iking a 
 cargo here for the coaft of G uinea about Rio Grande, 
 and the Cape de Verde Iflands, fet fail about the mid- 
 dle of July, 1722, in company of Captain Scott, for 
 fear of fome pirates they heard lay at the Caribbces : 
 However, he loft fight of Scott in a fquall of wind 
 three days after. Li this palFage, being confined to 
 his bed by fickncfs for ten days, they milTtd their 
 way, either by ignorance or carclcfncis of the mate, 
 fo that wandering backwards and forwards a great 
 while, at laft they arrived at the ifland of du Sal, 
 
 about 
 
tjll.l 
 
 TO THE CAP6 VERDF. ISLANDS. 
 
 3V< 
 
 about the middle of Oclobcr. He cam; .o anchor in 
 the northcrmoft bay of Palmera : and ic being grcLii 
 turtle fcafon, fent his boat to bring one on board, il' 
 there were any frelh caught. On this occafion C.ip- 
 tain Roberts obfcrvcs, that the Trench often make 
 a turtlc.voyagc thither, falting thcrn on ihore, and 
 drying them n-.uch after the fame martncr as they do 
 cod at Newfoundland in the Weft Indies. The (hell 
 they fave for the French market, where it gener.illy 
 yields a better price than in England j efpccially tli.'.t 
 of the turtle caught about thcfe illands, which is of 
 the thinned fort, and extraordinary clear, as well as 
 finely clouded. Beftdes, ambcrgreafc is often found 
 in greater quantities at this illand than any other of 
 theCapcde Verdes, anddid not the wild cats cat it, (as 
 does alfo the green turtle) much more would be found 
 than there is. In about two hoiirs the boat returned, 
 bringing a green turtle of between twd and three hi!n- 
 dred weight, and with it a black native of St. Nieiio- 
 laj, who told him, that the turtle was fent as a prc- 
 fent by his companions, of whom there were about 60, 
 all natives of the fame ifland, brought thither to cateli 
 and cure turtle, by a cnptain of a (liip who, ten weeks 
 before, failed to Bona Vifta for fait ; but as he ftaiil 
 fo long away, they had no ho})esof feeing Him again, 
 and therefore offered Roberts half their turtle, oil, 
 Ihell, ambcrgreafe, &c. to carry them, with the other 
 half to St. Nicholas. Roberts being bound thither, 
 promifed to give them a pafl'age for nolliing, rcfufing to 
 meddle with the cfFctts till he knew the right of the 
 matter. This black faid he was an Engliihman i but 
 fcveral places in England being named, knew none of 
 them i at laft Roberts namcl Bermudas, and then the 
 negro told him he was of that ifland. Nc^t day, 
 about fcven in the afternoon, he fet fail for St. Ni- 
 cholas, carrying along with him fix men, two wo- 
 men, and a fucking child ; but nothing more of 
 theirs, than what was necelTary for the voyage. They 
 anchored by nine the night following, in Trcfall 
 road, in about fix fathofns water. In the morning, 
 the priefl (who was a Portuguefe) came to hiift and 
 faid, he had fent the before-mentioned floop to the Ifle 
 du Sali with the blacks, to catch turtle; that 
 fome were his own flaves, and the reft were hired, 
 fome at two^ fome at three or four dollars per month, 
 and, that all the turtle, oil, (hell, jcc. was entirely 
 his } but as he was afraid the floop was loft, he agreed 
 next day with Roberts, to fetch home the men and 
 effefts for loodollars, and a ftout man rtavc, to be 
 paid and delivered at his return, and before any of the 
 goods were landed. Next morning he went from 
 Trefall; which lies fifteen or eighteen miles from the 
 town, along a fteep rocky way, and anchored at Pa- 
 raghifi in tlie old road, being nearer the town than 
 Trefall, and; for the moft part, a level way j his in- 
 tent being to truck with him for fome of his corn, 
 rice, &c. for cotton cloth ; likewife for ambergrcafe, 
 dragon's blood; &c. The black alfo that he 
 brought from Sal, told him that all thefe windward 
 iflands of the Cape de Verde were in great want of 
 provifions, and that the famine had raged fo in St. 
 Nicholas, in particular, that within the laft twelve 
 months, there died 500 people merely for wSnt of 
 
 food, of which good part of his cargo confiftcd. 
 
 However, he did not ftay here, but refolved to lay 
 hold of the prieft's offer, for fear his floop fhould 
 come, being fatisfied he flinuld have time enough to 
 make his market at St. Nicholas, after his leturn 
 from du Sal, which, accidents excepted, would not take 
 up above a week ; nor did he fear any vcfl'el to fpoil 
 his market, it being the wrong time of the year, 
 viz. the Ihifting wind feafon. And though Captain 
 Scott had been there, (as he heard) but ten days be- 
 fore, yet they could be fuppllcd with very little pro- 
 vifion by him. 
 
 The next morning, he turned up Currifal, to re- 
 cruit his wood and water ; that being very commo- 
 dious for this laft, which runs there down to the foa; 
 but the wood was a long way to reach, over fteep 
 rbcks i fo that had it not been for four blacks aflift- 
 
 VoL. I. No. 34. 
 
 nice, (who were come onboard with th: ptieft) !u 
 go with him to du Sul, he thouj^ht Jiis iiW(\ ir.eii 
 would never have found it, or got it d i,\n w hi i( 
 found. The l.ill turn was got on loatd at eleven 
 o'cic ck at night J ami it proving calm iiitl'.e road, l;a 
 could not weigh anchor as he dtligncd ; ujiun Which, 
 thepriell, with Ins tour blacks, b'.itig le.i-fieft, lay 
 on fhore. Next mornin;r he rofe about dav-break, 
 as was his ufual eullnni, but ic continihiig llill 
 calm, as thcday brok.-, huikiiig out, lie law tliiee 
 fail of (hil<^ oH' (lie bay, and making one of thiiu 
 plain with his glals, fti'- leLinid to be full built, and 
 i.idcn i he Mok the reil to be the fame, and of lur 
 company, imiginiiig th.-y wanted water. He fiwr 
 thembnngto, thciied^'in;: au av, but could not per- 
 ceive any liijnal made by tin ni, all which contirnicd 
 him in his tirit o| •■• 1. But as I'oc'ii as the weather 
 cleared up, they ni.idc his fliip, the niiJdlenioll ftniid- 
 ing right in towards her; and as th.- fii'i rofe, the 
 wind iiicrcifd, an.i b.ieknl more to the e; tlward, as 
 is ul'ual there, after calm night'. As Ihe drew nearer 
 he found tier, by his i^lils, to be a fihooner, full of 
 hands, all 111 white fhirts ; and (e "ing lik.v/ife a great 
 number of guns, he began then to beal;irnieJ ; but it 
 was now too late to efcape tlu m ; efin-ci; ! ly a; it lul I 
 a calm within the bay, and thev came in with the 
 day-breeze as fall as the wind would p.rmir, carrying 
 an Englifhenfign, jack, an 1 pendanr. As foon as 
 Roberts favv tlicm, he hoirted liis eiili;;n Ah. The 
 other had eight guns, fix pateraroes, and 70 men, 
 and ftretehcd a-head, hailed liini, which Rehcrts an- 
 fwered. Then he afkcd where the fhip belonged to, 
 and whence (he carnc ? Roberts told him, fhe was of 
 London, and came from Barbadoes. He laid. Very 
 well, he knew that, and fo bringing too a-head of 
 him, bade him fend his boat on board of him, which 
 accordingly Roberts did, ,wilh two hands in her. 
 
 The captain of the fcliooncr, whofe name was 
 John Lopez, as he was told afterward?, but then 
 went by the name of John Ruflol, (pretending he was 
 born in the northern parts of England) afkcd the 
 people, who came in the boat, where the matter of 
 the floop was? They anfvvered, he was on board, and 
 fent them with the boat to know what he wanted. 
 He afked which was the mafter ? They flicwed him 
 Roberts walking the deck, whom he treated with 
 much abufive language, and afterwards, completely 
 pillaged the vefl<;l. 
 
 The prieft and blacks w;'rc by this time got up the 
 rocks, in order to efeape into the mountains, which 
 the pirates obfe.ving, Rulli-I .ifked, if he knew who 
 thofe perfons were? Roberts acquainted liim with 
 their intended voyage to Du Sal j upon *hich he faid, 
 the prieft would never fee his floop more, for they 
 had taken her ; but thst her own gang, whom they 
 had put on board her, had ran away with her, and 
 800 pounds in cafh, bcfules other goods. He added, 
 that the information he had received about the Au- 
 thor, and the probability of finding hiin at this ifland, 
 joined to another, crneerning 1600 dollars, whicfi 
 the prieft and governor of St. Nicholas had hoardid 
 up, was the only ocqifion of their coming thitlier; 
 having othcrwifc intended to go to Bona Viffa. Ro- 
 berts having afked from whom he had the intclligeneej 
 he nnmed Captain Scott; and 6n lii^ inr[uiriiig how 
 it was with the captain? they told him. But indif- 
 ferent i that they had bitrnt his fliip, and put him 
 on ftiorc at Bona Vifta. 
 
 Rulfcl rcfolving at any rate, to have the prieft, de- 
 termined to fail down to Paraghifi, to catch him 
 from thence, and made Roberts pilot him thither, in 
 his floop. 'I'he pirates on hoard her flipping her ca- 
 ble, lift both that and the anchor behind, be- 
 caufe they would not be at the trouble to weigh. 
 The other (hips ftill lay to in the offing : biit as 
 foon as they faw them make fail down to Icevvard, the 
 Rofe-Pink, which mounted thirty-fix carriage-guns, 
 commanded by Edmund Loe, who was th^ir commo- 
 dore, edged in towards them. Upon this, they 
 doing the like, Ruflel gave him aii account «f what 
 5 I had 
 
3<J4 
 
 VOYAGES OF THE ENGLISH 
 
 »•■./¥ 
 
 [1722- 
 
 had pnflcd, nnJ of liis dcfign of landing that evening 
 to lake the pridl ^nd governor, if he approved of it, 
 the commodore agreed } and, in his launch fent fomc 
 of the lliip's comp^iny to reinforce the fchooncr's crew. 
 Then they hauled in for fhorc again : and coming the 
 length of Porto Lappa (which is a road or bay, ly- 
 ing about the middle bewecn Currifal and Paraghili) 
 one of the fchooncr's company fwoie, that 
 to his knowledge, this was the beft place 10 land at, 
 and ncarcft to the town. Upon this, Rufl'el ordered 
 them to ftand in for the bay ; and when they were 
 ^ot within half a league of the land, went on fhorc 
 in the boat, at the head of thirty-five men, ordering 
 their vciTcl to keep on their coiirfe, and anchor in the 
 old road of Paraghifi. Next day, Rufl'el and his 
 company came down to thein, with their priefl, the 
 old governor's fon, and live or fix negro men, their 
 prifoners. They all immediately came on board, 
 and weighing, flood ofl" to the fhips %vhich were then 
 lying too in the ciiinf^ ; and coming within call of the 
 commander, he hailed them, and afked, How all 
 fared, and what luck? Rufl'el anfwcred, he would 
 wait on liim on board, and give him a particular 
 account. Accordingly the prieft and the refl of the 
 prifoners, were put on board the launch, (Roberts 
 alfo btin^ ordered along with them, to pay his refpedls 
 to Captain Loe, the commodore) and RulTel followed 
 them in his own boat. When he entered the Pink, 
 the company welcomed him on board, and faid, 
 they were forry for his lofs j but told him he muft 
 pay his rcfpccls to the Captain, who was in the 
 cabin ; and waited fof him. He was ufhcred in by 
 an officer, (the gunner, he thought) who ailed with 
 proper deportment as mailer of the ceremonies : 
 though he did not remember fuch an officer, or ofBce; 
 nor knew whether they were always fo formal on 
 board on furh occafions. When they entered the 
 cabin, the gentleman ufher, making a low reverence 
 to the commodore, prefented Roberts, and then with- 
 drew, leaving thofc two alone. Captain Loe, with 
 the ufual compliments, welcomed him on board, and 
 told him, *' Ho was very forry for his lofs ; that it 
 was not his deflre to meet any of his countrymen, 
 (but rather foreigners) excepting fomc few, whom 
 he wanted to chaftifc for their roguilhncfs :" " But 
 however, fays he, fincc fortune has ordered it fo, 
 that you have fallen into our hands, I would have 
 you be of good chear, and not be call down." Roberts 
 replied, " He was alfo very forry that he had chanced 
 to fall in their way ; but Hill encouraged himfelf 
 with hopes, that he was in the hands of gentlemen of 
 honour and generofity : it being flill in their power 
 to make this capture turn out no misfortune to him." 
 The other faid, " It'did not lie fingly in his breafl, for 
 that all bufinefs of that nature was to be fettled by 
 a majority of votes in the whole company : and 
 although neither he, nor he believed, any of the reft, 
 defired to meet with any of their own nation, except 
 I'ome few perfons, for the reafon above mentioned, 
 yet when they did, it could not well be avoided, to 
 take as their own what providence fent them : and as 
 they were gentlemen who depended upon fortune, 
 they diirft not be fo ungrateful to her, as to refufc 
 any thing which fhe put in their way, for if they 
 Ihould dcl'pife any of her favours, though ever fo 
 «ican, they might offend, and caufc her to withdraw 
 her hand from them, who might thus, perhaps, 
 pcrifh for want of thofc things, which, in their lafh 
 folly, they had (lighted." Afterwards he made him 
 drink with him, and renewed his protcllations. 
 
 As it was now known that the t)uarter-ma(lcr 
 generatRufTel was come on board with his prifoners, 
 he was ordered to attend, and with the pricil and the 
 governor's fon of St. Nicholas, entered the cabin. 
 They were followed by the officers, ami lume of the 
 moft fignalifed villains among them, who llood faired 
 for preferment. The cabin thus filled, Loe, alter 
 the neccfl'ary compliments, bade Riillcl and tlic pri- 
 foners fit tlown; and then afked what news.' On 
 which, RulTcl gave him an account ui the wliule 
 
 aflair: which was as follows. After landing, 
 thirty-five men, they immediately feiiied two of the 
 natives: who were lent by the governor tocniiuuc 
 (as ufual) whence, and upon what account they came. 
 Thefe fellows they made their guides to the town i 
 which, night coming on, and the road being uneven 
 and rocky, they could not otherwife have reached that 
 night. They cot thither about nine o'clock, it 
 being about twelve miles, by eftimation, from the 
 landing place; by this means they prevented any 
 notice of their coming : and fo were aflured there 
 was no booty but what they found. They went 
 firft to the governor's houfe, where leaving a guard, 
 they pafled along to the prieil's, who they found had 
 not been long returned from Currifal. But though 
 he had not the Icafl thought of this their fudden arri- 
 val, till his own eyes confirmed it, yet he did not 
 fcem much furprifcd. He ordered what vijluals he 
 had, and wine enough, to be fet on the table j tell- 
 ing them, he could not entertain them as he would, 
 at fuch an unfeafonuble time of night : but that they 
 were welcome to what they found; and if they ilaiil 
 till to-morrow, they fliould be fupplied plentifully 
 with whatever the ifland afforded : Ruflel thanked 
 him, and told him, he came of an errand, and mud 
 perform it : which was that having pofitive informa- 
 tion from very good hands, that both he and the 
 governor had a quantity of dollars as well as gold 
 hoarded up; that they were come to fhare it with 
 them, it being one great branch of their trade, not to 
 let money lie moulding in old bags or chells, but to 
 make it move and circulate whenever they could come 
 at it. To this the prieft without any apparent con- 
 cern, replied. That whoever gave them that infor- 
 mation, it was falfe. They faid. Seeing and feeling 
 muft prove whether it was true. The prielt 
 told him he was very welcome to make ufc of thole 
 fcnfes for his fatisfaiflion ; and immediately ordered 
 wax candles to be lighted ; for they had no other, and 
 thofe were all confecrated. 
 
 With thefe they fcarched every corner about the 
 houfe, but found nothing, only twenty dollars, which 
 he did not think worth while to take. From hence 
 they went to the governor's houfe, and fearched that 
 as narrowly, but found ftill lefs there. " After 
 this, fays Kuflel, 1 difpofed of my men as I thought 
 moft convenient for refrefhing them after their 
 fatiguing jouiney: but yet with due regard to our 
 own fecurity, by letting a watch, ordering the reft" 
 to rcpofc as well as they could, but not one of them 
 to ftir out of the governor's houfe : I gave them 
 withal a ftriJl charge to be ready with their arms at s 
 moment's warning, and not lav them out of their 
 hands, or unfling their piflols : which was punilu- 
 ally performed, Next morning, as we h.id not lighted 
 on the booty according to inl'orm.ition, which there- 
 fore was deemed falle, we concluded to liize and 
 bring on board, the governor, the prieft, and fouro( 
 five of the principal inhabitants for your ample faiif- 
 faifiion." Here Captain Loe, who fat as demure and 
 attentive all the while; on a fudden ftarted, as it 
 were out of deep ftudy, and interrupted Ruflel in his 
 (lory : and a difpute enfucd about the money 
 expeiilcd, iu which Rufl'el leemcd to have the ad- 
 vantage. 
 
 " lie afterwards fent to the prieft to come to him 
 at the governor's houfe : but the prieft was fled with 
 all his llavcs, only an old woman, who told them 
 this flory. Upon this RufTel ordered the governor, 
 who was an ancient negro, to bring him in two hours 
 time. The governor faid, he would do his utmoft, 
 but that it was impoffible to be done in fo fhort a 
 tune, in cafe the prieft was gone to the mountains, as 
 he hearil he was, it being very eafy for him to remain 
 there I'everal months undifcovered, notwithftanding 
 the molt diligent fearch. RufTel, without regarding 
 his excufes, afl'ured him he would burn their town tv 
 alhrs. 1 lie governor anfwcred, That he lay at 
 their mercy ; hut hoped the innocent fhould not 
 fufi'er with the guilty, if his endeavours iboirld prove 
 
 fruitlcff. 
 
tyj.?.-] 
 
 TO THE CAPE VERDE ISLANDS. 
 
 iii 
 
 friiitlifj. Ruflll told him, The time was fct, and 
 ill'; (Juoin Would mu be deferred a moment alter tlie 
 ixpitatioii : bur pKiiiiilcd tlic priclt Ihould not be 
 killcii or abuf.d, providal he luncndcrcd himllll 
 within the time limited. 'I'he governor liaviiig lent 
 iminediatcly (evcral parties of blacks on the hunt. 
 Rull'el in the mean tim.', ordered him to kill an ox, 
 anddrefs it as toon as he could, and liioach a pipe ol 
 wine I'or his nu n. In about two hours I'omc of the 
 blacks brought word, that they had found the prieft, 
 and that he had lent them to let him know, lie was 
 coming to throw himfelf intirtly upon his mercy : 
 atcorchngly he came, and very lubmiflively alked 
 Rufl'el's pardon, faying, He repented that he ftioiild 
 be fo foolilli, as to fneak away and abfcond, having 
 no rcafon, as he believed, to do fo, but his own 
 j;ri>Uiidlcfs apprehcnfions. The pirate bade him chear 
 up, but told him, he had like to have ruined the 
 whole inand by his unadvifcd flight ; for that if he had 
 not come as he did, he was refolved, as foon as his 
 men had filled their bellies, to have burnt the town 
 to allies, church and all. The pricll faitl. He 
 thanked God that he was come time enough to favc 
 them, and the captain for his clemency in deferring 
 his vengeance fo long : the more eftci^ually to appealc 
 whole wrath, he fent to his houfc for wine, fowls, 
 and an anker of rum. With this good cheer they 
 made very merry, and kept open houfe, treating all 
 the natives that came to them at the parfon's expence. 
 When they had fufficiei)tly caroufed, Ruflel told the 
 jiricft and governor, that they and fix more, whom 
 he would chufe, inull go on board the commodore. 
 The pi left feemed much furprifed at this news, and 
 faid, He hoped he would not carry them away from 
 the illand, nor make flaves of them. Upon which 
 Rull'el told him. That he was a member of the 
 Church of Rome as well as himfelf, and that no 
 harm fhould be done him, or any of his company : 
 his intention being no more than to have the commo- 
 dore fatistied by their own teftimony, that the inform- 
 ation he had received of their having fo much 
 money, was falle. At this he Teemed very well con- 
 tented, and they went on board accordingly. 
 
 Captain Loe faid, he had behaved very well, and 
 alked the prieft fcveral queftions, after which he di- 
 rected the captives to be put on Ihore in the fchooner, 
 but Roberts was ordered to remain on hoard the 
 commodore till his own and floops fate fliould be 
 decreed by the company. Mean while Loe ordered 
 him a hammock with bedding, and told him, in the 
 moft (rencrous obliging manner, that every thing in 
 the (hip was at his command, and defired him not to 
 go out of his ufual courfc as to hours, drinking, or 
 company. 
 
 Next morning about eight, as he was walking the 
 deck, one of the company came up to him, and bid- 
 ding him good morrow, faid, he was forry for his mil- 
 fortunes J adding, " 1 believe vou do not knpw me?" 
 which was true, for the author could not then call 
 him to mind, or that he had ever fecn him before. 
 The man liniled, and fiid, " He once belonged to 
 him, when he commanded th;- biu!ann.ih, (a frig.ite 
 built fliip of 300 tons) in 171K. Hy this time there 
 came up two more, who alio declared th.U they be- 
 longed to the Sufannah at the fame time; Roberts 
 thought he did remember lomething of them. Thev 
 cxprclliil forrow for his ill-luck, and promifcd to do 
 all that lay in their power to lerve him: they laid, 
 " They had among them about forty or fifty pieces 
 of white linncn, and fix or eight of filk, befides 
 fome other things ; and that they would make what 
 intcrcd they could with their contorts and intimates 
 for gathering fo him of what they could, and put all 
 on board as loon -.v. the company had decreed him his 
 (loop again." Upon this they looked about, as if 
 they l.ad fomc'hing to fay in private; and feeing the 
 deck clear, which is ve. y rare in thefe fhips, they 
 told him with in.ieh feemino; concern, " That if he 
 did not ta'<c very great ta'c, he would be forced to 
 flay with them ; foi hi'^ m.;ic h.id informed them, that 
 
 he was very well acquainted with the Coaft of Urafilj 
 and tliey I'efigmd to llreti ' ver thither ; after fcour- 
 ing that or Ciuinea ; bin iliey had not a nun among 
 the 111 who had ever been at the former. They faid 
 there was but one way for him to efcape being forced. 
 
 (>ii this, injoining him to fecn ey, fince the dif- 
 coverv W4S p . nuicli as their lives were worth) they 
 told him, that they luid been at clofe confultatiopj 
 whether they fliould oblige him to go with them, not 
 as one of the company, but as a forced prifoncr, in 
 order to be tlieir pilot on the coaft of Brafil, and that 
 his mate had otlered to enter with them, but defired to 
 defer it till they had determined his (Roberts's) cafe { 
 that the mate being alked whether he (the author) was 
 married, faid he could not tell for certain, but be- 
 lieved he was not; that on this, they themfclves 
 fpokc in his behalf, as having known him for fevcral 
 years, and giving him the charafter of being veiy 
 good to his men both for ufage and payment, and 
 aflirined, that to their knowledge, he was married* 
 and had four children. On this occafion they told 
 him. That they had an article among themfelves, to 
 which they were fworn, never to force any married 
 man againft his will to fervc them; and therefore he 
 fliould be fure to fay, he was married, and had five or 
 fix children, for that nothing elfe could prevent his 
 being forced ; that his mate was as yet ignorant of 
 their articles, for that they never expofc them to any 
 body till they are going to fign them. They intormed 
 him farther, that there was one man who would fain 
 have the company break through their oath on that 
 head, infilling, that they might, and ought to do it, 
 becaufe it was a cafe of necellity, as there was no 
 poflibility otherwifc of getting a pilot for the Brafils, 
 unlefs in their run along the coaft of Guinea they 
 (hould find one fo qualified, and within their articles. 
 In which cafe, he iiiid, they might let him, (Roberts) 
 on fliore ; but that till then they ought to detain him, 
 but Captain Loe was againft it. 
 
 He afterwards came on deck, and bidding good-mor* 
 row, ordered a confultation fignal to be made ; it 
 was a green filk flag, with the figure of a trumpeter 
 in yellow, hoifted it the mizzen peak, on which all 
 coming on board, and into the cabin or fteerage, or 
 where they could, the commander told them, he only 
 wanted them to breakfaft with him. — Mr. Roberts be- 
 ing examined, told him of his family, which occa- 
 fioned a great difpute between Loe and Ruflel, the for- 
 mer wifhed to cxcufe him while the latter was of a 
 contrary opinion ; but the whole ended with a drink- 
 ing bout. 
 
 Next morning, one of the three men who fpoke to 
 the author the morning before, came and excufed his 
 own and the other's refervcdnefs to him, on account of 
 an article among them, which made it death to hold 
 any fecret correfpondence with a prifoner. He farther 
 told Roberts, that he might thank his mate for this 
 extraordinary difpute ; and, that he much feared, he 
 would prove a rogue to him, and enter with them g 
 in which cafe, faid he, if you fliould get your floop, 
 you'll be fadly put to it to manage her, with only one 
 boy and the little child. He heartily wiflied they 
 could go wi th h im in her, but they faid, that could not be 
 thought of, it being death even to mention it, by ano* 
 ther "article, which declares, " That if any of the 
 company ftiall advife or fpeak any thing tending to the 
 feparating or breaking of the compajiy, or Ihall by 
 any means oft'cr or endeavour to quit the company, 
 that pcrfon fliall be Ihot to death, by the quarter- 
 mafter's order, without thefentence of the court mar- 
 tial." He added. That till his mate hat! given Ruf- 
 fel an account of his being acquainted with the coaft 
 of Brafil, he feemcd to be his beft friend, and would 
 certainly have prevailed with the company to make a 
 gathering for him, perhaps not much fljort in value 
 of what they had taken from him ; for that moft of 
 them had fevcral pieces of linen, filk, fpare hats, 
 flioes, flockings, gold- lace, and abundance of other 
 goods, befides the public ttore ; it being a pra£lic€ 
 among them, to rcfcrvc fuch things for neotberufcthan 
 
 M 
 
396 
 
 VOYAGES OF THE K N G L I S If 
 
 to give to any they fliould fnltc, whom tliey were fur- 
 merly acquainted with, or to whom they took a preCcnt 
 liking. He laid farther, that hebclicveil Cnptain Loc 
 would be his friend, and do what he could for him ; 
 but that in uppofitiun to Rull'el, he could do hut lit- 
 tle, for that Ruirel bore twice the fway with the com- 
 pany, and wasahvays more confiderate to thofc they 
 took than Loe. 
 
 After this mar> loft him, Captain 1>oe came up, 
 and paflingthc ufi^l compliments, they took each a 
 dram of rum, a»^d difcourfed on different fubjeits : 
 for he was forceif to fcem plcafed with every one, and 
 join in difcou/fe with them on all topics, however 
 difagreeable, otherwife he mull have incirrred ihcir 
 difpleafure ; in which cafe every one might have 
 let loofe his brutal furyf and fell upon him either 
 with his tongue or hands ; for they made no fcrirple 
 to kick and ciiff, or otherwife abufc their piifoners, 
 merely for a little game. About ten o'clock Cap- 
 tain KufTel, with fomc more, came on board ; and 
 in an agreeable manner addreflinir himfcif to Roberts, 
 told him, that he had been coniidering about his re- 
 queft for his Hoop ; but could not fee how he Ihould 
 go through with it. He laid, he bilievcd Roberts 
 was a man of undcrftanding j but that, in this cafe, 
 he feemed rather to be diredted by an obltinatc dcfpair 
 than by reafon : that, for his part, lie did not think 
 rt confiftent with the credit and reputation of the 
 company, to put it into his power to throw himfelf 
 wilfully away, as he fccmed determined to do; that 
 therefore, as he had wilhed him well, he had employ- 
 ed his thoughts all niiiht about the aftair, and be- 
 lieved he had hit at lall on a way, which, without 
 expoHng himfelf to fo much dangi r, would turn out 
 much mote, to his advantage than any thing he could 
 pofliblyejtpeflby having thefloop^ " Andth.it, fays 
 he, is to fink or burn your (Voop. In tins cafe, con- 
 tinued he, I promHc (and will engage to get the 
 company to fign and agree to it) that you thivjl have 
 the firft prize we take, if you like her, to be at your 
 own ufe and difpofal ; and if not, you fhall ftay till 
 we take one you do like." 
 
 Roberts thanked him ; but faid, " He did not per- 
 ceive it would be of any advantage to him, but ra- 
 ther the rcverfc, that he coald not fee how he (hould 
 difpofc of the (hip, or any part of tlw cargo ; for that 
 nobody would buy, except he had a lawful power to 
 fell i and that if the owners of any fach fliip or goods 
 {hould ever come to hear of it, then he flinuhi he 
 obliged .to make them reftitution to the full value; 
 or, perhaps, be thrown into a j.iil, and run the ha- 
 zard of his life." Ruflel faid, " Thcfe were but fiivo- 
 loQS objeflions, and might be evaded; for, as for 
 want ot title to the Slip, and fear nf being deteifled, 
 they could eafily make him out a bill of falc, and fuch 
 other necefTary powers in writing, as would be fitffi- 
 cient tojuftify his right to them bevond all poflibility 
 of exception. That as to his apprehenfions of a dif- 
 covcry by the owners, that mii^ht be as eafily pre- 
 vented : for they (the pirates) ihould always know, 
 by exairilnation of the mailer, iVc. as well ass by the 
 writings taken on board fuch ihip, (which they al- 
 ways took care to feize upon) who were the princi- 
 pals concerned in both Ihip and cargo, with their 
 places of abode." He added, " that Roberts might 
 have the powers and writings in another name, which 
 he might go by, till he had finished his bufinel's, and 
 then could afiume his own, which method would in- 
 fallibly fccure him from all poflibility of a difcovc- 
 ry." Roberts told him, " that he confefled there was 
 not only a probability, but a feuning certainty in 
 what he propofed, as well as abundance of addrcfs in 
 the contrivance; but at the fame time aiTured him, 
 that were he pofitively certain that the affair would 
 turn out ever fo well, yet there w.is fiill a ftrongcr 
 motive to deter him from accepting of the offer, and 
 that was his confcience; which, he faid, would be a 
 continual fting and accufcr. After this, Roberts ex- 
 patiated on the neceflity of reftitution, and touched 
 on fome points which he thought might awaken in 
 
 11722. 
 
 fnnie, at leaf), of his au.lilois .1 ftiil'c f.f repcitan'.r. 
 (Jii this occafinn fume of tlieni l.ii.l, he would do will 
 to preach a (t.rnimi, ;..iid would n\ake thtni a goiid 
 chaplain; ollieis (hid, No; thev w:uiud no ;',<*ili- 
 nefs to be prcuhed ihcr., and ih.it pirates h..d rm 
 gods but their money, noi f.ivioiir but their .1111.'." 
 I'odo them jullue, houtrcr, others appiovid i,f .ill 
 he laid, and wilhed th;it !;iiillinels, or at K.dt liinrc 
 humanity, were more in priu'lice .nnioiiL; ihun, wliieS 
 tliey Klieved Would he inort- to tlu'ir iT|iutali(in, anil 
 caul'e .1 grcatir eltecni fiir them both fioni Cod aiitJ 
 man. After llris a fileilce follt)wc(l, which Captain 
 Rullcl broke by employing all his little fojihiffry to 
 pcrfuade Roberts, that the accepting uf any tliiiil 
 from them, which they had taken fioni others, could 
 be no crime in him, though it might be one in them, 
 fincclie had no h.iiid in the t.ipture, and wits a von- 
 ftraincd prilbner. As to the owners liavini; II It a 
 right; •' Su^ipofe (oontini.Td he) we fhoiiUf rikl/e 
 to fink or burn Ivtr, unlels you will nccipt of her; 
 now where is the owner's propcrrj', when the Ihip is 
 funk or burnt? Hliink, Ihe impulfibilit)- of his ever 
 having her ag.iin cuts it oiK to all intuit? .iitd inirpo- 
 fcs : and out power was the fuiie, notwith(tamlin» 
 our giving her to you, if we had thought lit to ii;.ik"e 
 ufe of it." Loe and all the . -eft fiul, they liked f* 
 hear them argue, and that Roberts was a iiiateh f(.r 
 Ruflel, although, it feems lie could feldom niict with 
 a man to ftivnd him ; bnt ilie author pufhed the mat- 
 ter no farther, finding he began to be pee\ ifti, and .is it 
 was R(i>lved to give him his vil'.t again. Ho'AcvtT 
 that night when they were drinking together, a dis- 
 pute arofe about w!io was the rightful kingof Kri;;lant', 
 when Ruflel attempted to fire on Roberts, and was 
 difarmcd and confined for it. He vvai ordered not to 
 offer tlic leaft dillurbiintc again, nor concern hinilbU 
 with' or about the author, till after he was on Iward 
 the commodore, on pain of the crew's difpleafure, and 
 alio of being profecatcd ik a mutineer : the gunner 
 told Roberts, they would have put him on board thi: 
 commodore that inftant, tut for an exprefs order 
 amowg them, to receive no boat on board after eight or 
 nineo'clock at the fart heft. Next morning they carried 
 him on board Captain Loe, and about four in the afters 
 noon RiWlcl came with Francis Spriggs, who com- 
 manded the other /liip, and after a iiitle while to!J 
 Loe, tliat the mate of the fliip was willing to enter 
 with them a volunteer ; 011 this I,oc alkcd. How they 
 Ihould do in that cafe? becaufe thvn the niafter of 
 the floop will have nobody to help him, but one hov . 
 for,f"ayshe,thelittlcchild is no help at all. Runilft- 
 plied, he could not help that. " Hut, faid Loe, we muft 
 not take all the hands from the ]»oor man, if we defigti 
 to give him his floop again ; adding, that he thought 
 in reafon there could not be Irfs than two hoys and a 
 mate. Ruflel laid, the mate was a lufty, brifk, ynuntj 
 fellow, and had been upon the account before. On thi» 
 he faid, that he was but jull come from on board the 
 (loop, and that the mate, in Sprigg's hearing, declared,' 
 that he was fully rcfolved to go with them, and not in 
 the floop, unlets forced ; and th.tt hisdcfign, when he 
 came out of Karbadocs, was to enter himfelf on board 
 the firft pirate he met with. " Uefides, contiiuicd hc<- 
 he told me, the firft day, that he was relolvcil to enter 
 with us." Loe replied, that M give a man his fliKip, 
 and no hands to aflift him, was but putting him to a 
 lingering death, and they had as good alninft knock 
 him on the head. Riifi'el a.tlwered, As to that, they 
 might do as they pUadd, what he fpokc now was for 
 the good of the whole comjiany, and agreeable to the 
 articles, and that he would l.iin fee or hear the men 
 who dared contradidl them. He I'.iid, he was (|uarrcr- 
 maftcr of the whole compnnv, and hftlic authoiity 
 of his place he would enter the mate diredUy, :iMih 
 had a piftol ready for any who (hould oppofe him. Lie 
 faid,- that with regard to whiit was law and riilloni 
 among them, as he owned what he now pleiuUil wns, 
 he would neither oppofe nor argue againll ; but it ilu y 
 thought fit to take the man's mate from Inni, tlieit 
 they might let one of his men go vvilh him. Riiliil 
 ^ anf.uredy 
 
1722-1 
 
 TO THE CAPE VERDE ISLANDS. 
 
 i<)i 
 
 infwered, No ; for that all the /loop's men were al- 
 ready inrolled in their hook, and thcrL-foro none of 
 them Ihould goin her acaiji, ^^ Gcntlcmcnt continued 
 he, you mud cunfldcr, 1 am now arguing for the good 
 of the company, as well as for the due maintenance 
 and cxcrutiun uf the laws and artich's : and as I am 
 the proper ofliccr, lubllituted and jiitrultcd by this 
 comp:inywith authority to execute the fame ; lb, as I 
 told you before, 1 haveapi(U)l and a brae: of balls 
 ready for any who ftinuld oppofe mc therein j" and, 
 turning to Roberts, he fiid. Matter, the company 
 have decreed you yourfloop, and you Ihall have her; 
 you ihall have your two boys, and that's all ; you 
 ih.ill have neither provifions nor any thing elfc more 
 than (he is now. And I hear fome of the company 
 defif;n to make a gathering for you ; but that alfo I 
 forbid, by the authority of my place, becaufe we are 
 not certain but we may have occafion ourfclves for 
 thofe very things before we get more; for that reafon 
 I prohibit a gathering ; and I fwe.tr, by all that is 
 great and good, that If I know any thing whatever 
 carried or left on board the<hip, againll my order, or 
 without my knowledge, that very inftant will 1 fet 
 her on fire, and you in her. " They difputed this mat- 
 ter a little longer ; but in the end Kullel, by dint of 
 hardened villainy, and ttern refolution, carried his 
 point, and about duflc they parted, each to his own 
 Ihip, fuvcral profcfTtng a kindnefs for Roberts, but 
 none giving him a farthing, as he fuppofcd, on account 
 of Rullel's words ; for otherwifc this generolity was 
 very ufual with them. Ruflel being ready, Roberts 
 was diredled to go in his boat, and as foon as they 
 came on board, he ordered a fupper. In the mean 
 time, the bowl and bottle, with pipes and tobacco, 
 being fet on the tal^e, he invited Roberts, and all his 
 own officers, into the cabin : he there told him, he 
 was very welcome, and b.-ide him eat and drink hear- 
 tily ; " For, fays he, you have as tedious a voyage to 
 go through, as was Elijah's journey to Mount Horeb ; 
 and, as far as I know, without a miracle, it mutt be 
 only by the flrength of what you eat now ; for you 
 (ball have neither eatables or drinkables with you in 
 the Hoop." Befides all this, Ruflel made game of him, 
 faying. He might do without provifions or fails, as 
 doubtlcfs fome miracle would be wrought in his favour. 
 The gunner, however, feenied to have fome remains 
 of humanity \ and among other things, bade Ruflel 
 take care he had not this to anfwcr for one day when, 
 perhaps, hcmight wifhhe had neverdoncit. " But you 
 have got the company'! aflcnt (continued he) I can- 
 not tell how, and therefore ihall fay no more, only 
 that I, and I believe mott of the company, came 
 here to get money, but not to kill, except in fight, 
 much leis in cold blooil, or for private revenge. And, 
 I tell you, Ruflel, if ever fuch cafes as thefe are any 
 more pra^ifed, my endeavours (hall be to leave this 
 company as foon as 1 polfibly can." 
 
 Ruflel made no pu'ver, but gave orders to have 
 the mate and main- fa;) wrought away from the floop, 
 and then told Roberts he would give him fomething to 
 remember him, which w-is an old mufquet, and a 
 cartridge of powder, and two half-pound papers of 
 tobacco J aftrr which, with great ceremony, he was 
 condu£led over the fide into his own boat, (which 
 was readv) and direilly put off; and meeting the 
 fchooner's boat, about half way between the two 
 vefll-ls, according to Ruflel's orders, they took their 
 own hands out, and put his boys, whom they brought 
 with them, on board him, and fo made for the fchoon- 
 er. He fliipped this mate at Barbadocs, who told him 
 then, he had been mate of a New England floop, but 
 being (hipwrecked, loft every thing, and indeed was 
 alinoll naked when Roberts firfl met with him ; how- 
 ever, he believed the man was not in debt, becaufe 
 he himfcif was never troubled on that account, as 
 the cuftom is on that ifland, where they oblige the 
 dtbtor to aflign over his wages to the malter, with a 
 power to pay the debt, otherwile they will not fufFer 
 him to go oiF the ifland. Roberts bought his men 
 clothes and inihuments, with fuch ncccflkrics as wert 
 
 Vol. I. N" 34. 
 
 abfolutely requifitr for the voyage. He oblervcd no- 
 thing in him tending to the couimon vices of fca-furing 
 men, cfpccially thofe who have frequented thofe 
 parts^ as fwearing, drunkenntfs, debauchery, &C. 
 He pretended to be a rigid Diflcnter, and fecmcd 
 mightily averfe to the church of England, as by law 
 ettabliihed, about which, they had frequently fc- 
 veral arguments. He did not remember to have heard 
 him fvvear all the time he was with him ; and yet one 
 of his boys told him, that after this very mate had 
 acquainted the pirates with his refolution, (or rather 
 returned to be a pirate again) he became worfe thai* 
 the mod profligate of them, in the frequency and 
 horriblencfs of his oaths ; and that he was almoft 
 conftantly drunk while on board the floop, after the 
 pirates had taken him. " I wonder, faid the boy, than 
 Mr. Hunter, (that was the mate's name) (hould be 
 fo barbarous as to leave you in this extremity, as fome 
 of the pirates on board told me ; for he hsd acquainted 
 them how kind you had been to him, and they rcfufed 
 at firft to enter him ; and believe, they would not 
 have admitted him, if it had not been for Ruflel." 
 
 On the I3tli of October, at day-break, they went 
 to rummage tlie floop, firft fweeping all the bread- 
 lockers out, Roberts got near a hat full of duft and 
 crumbs of bifcuit : in another he found four or five 
 hands of tobacco, with as many ftiort broken pipes. 
 They had befides left his fore-ftaft', but with the 
 thirty crofs only : likewife his bedding, which was 
 quite ufelefs to them : .11 but the captain, mafter, 
 fteward, and gunner, lying on the deck, or where 
 they could. In the hold, there was about ten gal- 
 lons of rum left in one hoglhead, and thirty pounds 
 of rice in another, with a finall remnant of flour in 
 the bottom of the flour caflc, but all the water they 
 could drain from the caflc did not make above three 
 pints. In the next place, looking at his fails, he 
 found the fame jib that was bent, an old fore-fail, and 
 the old rent rotten main fail above mentioned } 
 which, however, lighting in their fearch upon fix 
 needles, with fome twine, and a couple of pawms, 
 they went to work upon j but for want of ftufF, cut 
 off' the firft reef to mend the reft, as far it would go,- 
 taking down the foot, and fewing the bolt-ropet 
 By good luck, they alfo found fome old canvas in the 
 mate's cabin. Thus employed, they lived for three 
 days on raw flour or rice, with a dram of rum, and 
 faved their little ftock of water to make cakes with, 
 of which they baked four little ones, and the fourth 
 day divided one among them, which, with a dram of 
 rum, was the beft meal Roberts had made fince he left 
 the pirates. 
 
 On the 3d of November, he took two obfervations, 
 and found himfelf in feventeen degrees north latitude ; 
 therefore fteering as well as he could for the Cape de 
 Verde I), .nds, he found himfelf on the 7th of Novem- 
 ber, by obfervation, in latitude fixteen degrees fifty 
 minutes north, about forty-fix leagues by compu- 
 tation, off St. Anthony : and the night following, 
 having a fmart fliower of rain, they faved about a 
 gallon of water. But on the loth, there fprung up 
 a moderate gale, which holding till the i6th, about 
 ten that morning, they faw St. Anthony, which 
 bore eaft half a point northerly, about nineteen 
 leagues diftant, by judgment. It falling calm, in 
 the afternoon they caught a large ftiark, but were 
 forced to let it go again for want of proper care. 
 However, another was taken foon after, which was 
 very ftrong, and with its tail fhook the decks amaz- 
 inely: that, however, was cut ofl^, and it was 
 kiMed. It was about eleven feet and an half long, 
 and three hundred weighi . in cutting her open, 
 Roberts found five young ones in the belly all alive, 
 each about the bignefi of a fmall whiting. Her liver 
 was not ofablackifli colour, as ufual, but of a 
 bright grey. Prefently ftriking a light with Ruflel's 
 gun, they fet on the pot with lea-water, and boiling 
 thitfifli, made a very hearty meal of it: but having 
 no fait, they cut the reft into long thin flices, and 
 dried them in the fun. This gun, was thought at fittt) 
 5 K »n 
 
393 
 
 VOYAGES OF TIIL ENGLISH 
 
 f'*"2' 
 
 L 
 
 an ufclcfs prcltJit, ami only acrrjitnl it liecaufe he 
 durft not do otherwifei and having neither tinder- 
 box nur (leal left him, it would Invc been impoifibic 
 for him to hive ^ot a tire without it. And having 
 no candle, he made ufe of a live coal to dil'ccrn the 
 compafs. 
 
 On the 17th, St. Anthony bore foiith-by-weft, 
 kbout eight leagues dilbnt, I'hii morning they 
 boiled fome of the fifli for brcakfall, which made them 
 very thirfty ; but then they had a good ftocic of water, 
 and ventured to drink a little ) and for dinner, 
 Roberts kt on the pot w.ith fome frcOi water, and a 
 little rice, which being boiled foft, he iliickencd 
 with flower, and then put in a piece of fhark's liver 
 (hrcd fnull, which foon dill'olvcd almoll all to oil. 
 This ferved them infteail of butter to their h.-rily 
 pudding. They made a very hearty meal, and it 
 relifhed much better for being in tight of land. 
 
 On the i()th of November in the morning, they 
 few St. Anthony, St. Vincent, St. Lucia, Terra 
 Dranca, and the Monte (luardc, the highell moun- 
 rain of St. Nicholas. And on the 7cth, tlicy came 
 to an anchor at Currifal in fixteen faihoms, about a 
 quarter of a mile off Iborc. After he had flowed 
 hts fails, he went in the boat to get in the end of his 
 cable, which the pirates had (lippeil, having difcerired 
 it and tlie buoy on the anchor beiorc lie anchored. 
 VoT this purpofe he took a coil or two of fmall rope 
 in the boat to fatten one end to the cable, and bring- 
 hig the other end on board, to haul the ciblc with it, 
 and fo ride moored till he moved from thence: but 
 night coming on, he was forced to come on boird 
 without liniihing his dclign. Then Potter begging 
 to fciril the boat on fhore to fetch fome water, he gave 
 him leave ; and pielently alter, being quite faint for 
 want of reft, he went down, fiill ordering the boy to 
 keep watch for Potter's return, and fell faft aflecp. 
 He awaked in a furprife, and called to the little boy, 
 who not anfwering, he went up, and found him faft 
 afleep in the gang- way, and looking about, coaldbut 
 juft fee the ifland. It was now about midnight, and 
 he was not a little furprifed to fee himfelf again cx- 
 pofcd to the fea, and in a worfc condition than before, 
 being himfelf faint through wearinefs, and having 
 loft his only afliftant. However, with a great 
 deal of fatigue, he got into a famly bay, called 
 Puttacco by the natives, where he anchored on the 
 22d of November. About fun-fet, feven blacks 
 came from Paraghiii, and brought two ten gallon 
 cafks of water; faying ihey were fca-men, and fcnt 
 by the prieft and governor to help him j afluring him, 
 that he might jjct up to Paragliifi as foon as the 
 windvyaid current was made, which would be in 
 about an hour's time; and when he talked of ftaying 
 lor his boy at Currilal with his bo&t, they told him 
 that could not be this fortnight at leaft, the wind 
 being fet in ftrong trade. The blacks prevailing 
 over his judgment, they heaved anchor about eight 
 o'clock, in a moderate gale; but the wi..d increafmg, 
 they ftood along (hoie, and c;i', till they reckoned 
 ihey were a-brealt of a place called Porto Gavy, and 
 then putting the vetlel in ftays, the mair (ail fpilt lb 
 in the ftaying, that he was' forced to lower it down, 
 for fear it ftould be torn all in pieces, which lb 
 daunted them, that they were refolved to quit the 
 flodp, and take to their boat, telling him, he had 
 better go with them. Roberts ufcd all the arguments 
 he could think of to divert them from this rclblution : 
 reprfffcnting on one hand, what inhumanity it would 
 bi to leave him without any help at all j and on the 
 other ftde, fetting before them the danpcr of fuch an 
 tnterprife to thcmfclves; but it was in vain j they 
 faid. Their chance could be no better if they ftaid 
 in a Itaky fioop without fails, water, provifions, &c. 
 and often repeated, it would be better to perifti in 
 figlit of their homes, than in a ftrantjc place. Befides, 
 f.ud one of them, if yon ftiould ge't to any land, you 
 woiiUl want lor nothing, hut we muft cxpcit to be 
 killed; or, at leaft be made flaves during our lives, 
 which would be worfc th«o death itfelf^ and therefore 
 
 I 
 
 (continued he) I am refolved, come what will, to 
 truft myfelf to the boat and St. Anthony, and 
 doubt nut but he wiil uretail with God to cany me 
 lafe." 
 
 Captain Roberts was at a lofs what coiiife to take, 
 on thi'fe blacks leaving him, gucOing he ftionld not 
 be able to fetch the lllc of St. Mary, or St. J.igo, 
 and was then entirely unacquainte«l with St. Philip's 
 and St. John's; and befide.«, had no encouragement 
 "o fleer for either ; the fea draughts giving a very 
 impcrte^ delciiption of them, and the pilots of thole 
 paits being as much or more defeVftivr, making thtm 
 both to be very dangerous ; but he found aftcrw.trds 
 moft of their acconnts to be falfe. 
 
 The next morning, he law eaft-nortli-eaft from him. 
 Terra Vcrmilia, orl'untadeVcr Milharee, as it is 
 called by the inhabitants. And next day in the 
 afternoon, tu his great furprife, he heard the \'oice 
 of men in the hold, and looking doM n the hutch-way 
 law three blacks, who called to him, and alked. If 
 he was at anchor ) he told them, he was at feu, and 
 out cf Aght of land : but was in hopes he Ihould 
 fetch St. Jago. At this they feemed rejoiced, 
 and got upon deck, and one of them faid. He was 
 very well acquainted at St. Jago, St. Philip's, and 
 St. John's, of which he gave proofs, and faid, he 
 could direct them to any harbour in cither of them : 
 that St. Philip's was a plentiful illand, but had bad 
 riding, the fea ran fo high; but that at St. Joiin's 
 there was a very good harbour, which he was fure he 
 could direct him I'afely to. I'hey all faid they were 
 forry their comr.idcs went away and left him, after 
 they h.id drank off his rum ; though the chief caufc 
 of their ftaying, was, their having drank in the hold* 
 till they fell down quite drunk. 
 
 After he had got his main-lail up,hefteercd direAly 
 for the north point of St. Philip's ; and at day break 
 doubling the point, he bore more foutherly along the 
 coaft, till he came abrcft the Ghors : then feeing the 
 ifland of St. John's, he fteered direAly for it, and a* 
 foon as he made the little illands, he fteered (by the 
 direAiun of his pilot) to the callcrmoft of them, which 
 is the hjgheft. When they had got abreft of this, 
 they fteered for the notth-eaft point of the eaftertnoft 
 of the little iflands, about fouth-weft-by-fouth, dif- 
 tant near two leagues. Then Roberts began to atk 
 his pilot, whereabouts the harbour was f and found 
 to his great furprife, by (hewing every new place they 
 came up with, for it, that he knew nothing of it. 
 However, he now faying he was fure they were no« 
 paft it, they kept along the illand, and at laft dif' 
 covered the harbour, but not till they were got to 
 leeward of it. Upon this, Roberts atked Niculau, 
 If there was no place to leeward that he might anchor 
 at f I'he negro faid. No, and that if he did not 
 put the floop on ihore before he drove to leeward of 
 Punta de Sal, he would not be able to do it at all, 
 and they muft all certainly peritli, Roberts alked 
 him what he would udvife him to do > He faid, He 
 would have him run the floop upon the rocks, and 
 let every one make his efcape as he could. Roberts 
 told him that neither lienor his boy could fwim. His 
 anfwer was, That fince they were got fo near the 
 fliore, if he did not put th< floop on ftorc, they could 
 and would, whether he gave them leave or not. -Or* 
 this, Roberts faying, he had a gun ready leaded 
 for any who fliould offer to do any thing on board 
 his veflel againft his will, Ni<—lauKnmediatelyji..i; >- 
 ed overboard, faying, H^ .viincd him well, and the 
 reft with him ; but that he vvculd endeavour not to 
 perifh himfelf, and fo fwam on ihore. The captain, 
 afterwards telling them of this man's ignorance, 
 they began to cnr& him heartily, and to wim that he 
 might DC drowned before he got on (hore, or break 
 his neck down the rocks in climbing up. Roberts 
 told them he was in hopes yet of getting them fafe to 
 land, provided they would pump the water out of the 
 floop : but they told him, rhey would neither pump, 
 nnr do any thing elfe, till they faw themfclvesfafc at 
 anchor, and then they would do any thing he defired ; 
 
 making 
 
t7»»-] 
 
 TO THE CAPE VERDE ISLANDS. 
 
 .199 
 
 making bitter imprecitioni never to ttave him a» 
 NicoUu had done. 
 
 Robing ran down along (hore, and hauled in tlolb 
 toPuntadc Sal, fo near, tint about the |)oint a man 
 might almoll have jumped on (hore. His rcafon for 
 venturing fo near thole rocks, without beinj; ac- 
 quainted with them, was, that this point bein;<; the 
 mott leew.ird land oi' the ifland he could fee, he did not 
 know but the land might reach away on the other 
 fide of it} fo that he fliould not be able to haul in 
 with it : ulfo obfcrving it to be a fmonth fteep rock, 
 but poiTkblc however, to be climbed, and kmiwing 
 generally I'uch fort of rocks are ittcp to the water, 
 his intention was, if nothinp; clfc could be done, to 
 Ucer up to the reck, fo that the boy »nd he might 
 jump on <hore, fmce to drive to fea, if he could any 
 way avoid it, would be the helghth of raflincfs. }Jul 
 as foon at he opened the land on the other hde of the 
 point, he difcovered a fmall, deep, little bay, aiul 
 luffing in about it, call his lead, which he had ready, 
 and found thirteen fathoms, the next call twelve : 
 the northern current (which fet into the bay, and 
 round the point) being made, helped to check him 
 in, then he had ten, next nine, on which he cock- 
 billed his anchor, and let go in cij;ht fathoms water, 
 even and clear bottom, though the (hore looked 
 ragged; which generally denotes foul ground. And 
 now the blacks went overboard, and fwam on (hore. 
 Three of the inhabitants came down at day break 
 to the fca-fidc, and hailing the Hoop, went on board ; 
 thev were very civil to him, offered to get him water; 
 and drefs him a pompion, if he would go on (hore : 
 he told them he could not Uvim : they much won- 
 dered that a man (hould venture to fea, without 
 knowing how to fwim : he told them many of lii.s 
 countrymen could not, and that fwimming was not 
 common among the £ngli(h, as it was among them. 
 They faid. It was very (trange the Enelilh uling the 
 fea more than any nation, even more than the Por- 
 tuguefe, who had taught all the world to be failors, 
 as they were informed, (hould not praflifc fwimming : 
 that for their parts, they accuftomed themfelves to 
 it from their infancy, even the women, faying they 
 fliould not venture down upon the rocks to (i(h, unleis 
 they could fwim, for fear they (hould at any time fall 
 into the fea, in which cafe they muft needs be 
 drowned. 
 
 1''he negros having brought him two calabalhes of 
 water, holding about fix quarts. Roberts offered to 
 drefs fome of his dried (hark for them : but on fight of 
 it, they faid they took it to be the (i(h called Sarde ; 
 Sind alked, if it would feize and devour a human 
 creature. Roberts telling them it would, they, 
 without any ceremony threw it overbotd, and faid, 
 they thought no man of any nation would eat a (i(h 
 that fed upon human dtfh ; but efpecially the Engli(h, 
 whom they took to be the niceft and cleanlieft people 
 in the world. However, they pumped the vcffel dry 
 for him, and he gave them each a fmall dram of rum ; 
 telling them, he had only a little left by the pirates at 
 the bottom of a ca(k. 
 
 They thanked him and faid, they would rather he 
 would keep it for himfelf, fince, as he was ufed to it, 
 he might want it the more ; but as for their parts, 
 they had never tailed any fpirituous liquors before, 
 although it was the bed liquor they had ever met with ; 
 yet water being their only drink, was more natural to 
 them } but there were fomc among thcmf they faid, 
 knew it well enough. They had heard it related, 
 tliat a pirate, called Maringwini a Frenchman, 
 having landed in this ifland, had a quantity of that 
 firong water, and was very free of it among the 
 blacks: who drinking plentifully, for want of being 
 ufed to it, went mad for that time. Some alfo falling 
 fick, died of phrenty fevers. Notwithftanding this, 
 many now upon the illand were almoft every day 
 wilhing, that a pirate would come and take them 
 with him to fome country where they might have 
 enough of that hot liquor to drink. 
 They much admiird the hour-glafs, and ferc*fiaffi 
 
 and when he told them thtir life, ilicy faid they be- 
 lieved all v/hitc nun wtie coiijuius. But hi. luld 
 them thccontraryi and that loitcnrs were burned liy 
 
 the Chrillians, which they faid wa> .i yood l.iw. ■• 
 
 They told him th.it a great many of tliem rould lead, 
 write, and c.ilt accuunts, tliougli they owned they 
 had not the u(e of figures like the Eiit^lilh, who, a* 
 tliey had been iiiloinied, exceeded all people in the 
 woild lor navigation, phylic, conjuiatioii, and arith* 
 nietic. Next nioriiiii^, about iuii-rife, there was a 
 great iioife and dlliiii;, from tlic tops of the lower 
 rocks, as if there liaiT been an hiiiidrtd people. The 
 bl.ickb laid they believed thefe were the lore-iuiwicis 
 of the company, which the governor had lent ; but 
 ubllived that the nuife was niultlplii'd by tlic riliiund- 
 ing of the rocks, which dietivtd the author, for 
 they knew there was no inon than twi> of them. In 
 the aftcriieun, it began to blow, and looked daik, 
 cloudy andhe.ivy to windward, over the land, which 
 is a cejtain ligii of a gale of wind. He "ot fume of 
 the blacks to fwim wiih the end of a linall rcpe on 
 lliuic, and by that to haul a cable's end, and n^ake it 
 falf to the rocks, which they did, but (b flii,l>tly that 
 it Hipped, and he could not prevail with them lo try 
 once more ; fayinu, if the vcflll Ihould drive, (wliicii 
 he was afraid of) tliey would get him and his boy 
 fate on Ihore, and, puinting to the crofs jack yard, 
 which lay upon the deck, tncy faid, with that, they 
 could carry him an hundred times farther than from 
 thence to tlie (hore to fcteli Nicola V'trde, and with 
 no more help. 'I'he i;ale contiiiued thi next day, and 
 about ci^ht o'clock it began to blow very hard, the 
 flaws coining down the rocks with an incredible fury, 
 blowing Ibmctimes directly off the high, rocky (hore, 
 and foinetimes in counter-fla.vs to that on the land, 
 which railed the water beyond what he ever faw a 
 whale or grampus do. He could not tell what courfe 
 to take ; but with a great deal of dilHculty, perfu.aded 
 the natives not to leave him, and fo got that night 
 over. In the morning it looked as it did the day bc> 
 fore, and rather more hery and red, and about nina 
 or ten o'clock, it began to blow much harder. They 
 were all wet with the fpray that was thrown up into the 
 air, like a water-fpout, fo that fomctimcs they could 
 not fee the hind, though it was fo near, and fo high. 
 Un the 29th of November, about twelve or one, tlie 
 cable parted with a counter-flaw on the land, and 
 drove them on a point of broken rocks which lay in 
 the bay, and foon made a free pafl'age through her 
 bottom for the water. On this, the natives went on 
 (liorc in a fright, but foon returned j and one of them 
 carrying the little boy, the rell offered to help him on 
 (hore alfo, and faid, they did not doubt, in the Icall, 
 to convey iim fate, with the aid of St. Anthony, 
 who, they were lure, would aflift them, bccaufe they 
 had faid their prayers before they came off. The na- 
 tives, from the topi of the rocks, feeing the (hip run 
 foul of them, and the people in her take to the water, 
 haffened down to fee what was become of them. I'hefe 
 were foon followed by others, who brought fume pom- 
 pions and milk in a calabalh ; and the dorm being a 
 little abated, they fwam off on light pieces of boards 
 of the wreck, and finding a place about 16 feet above 
 the flowing of the fea, and about eight feet broad, 
 with the rock over-hanging, they made a Are, and 
 boiled fome provifions. Thus they paffed the nighty 
 it proving moderate weather, befides being clear and 
 (lar-light. Thefe people fpcnt the next day in faving 
 all they could of the wreck, and were very dextrous ac 
 the work ; but were particularly careful of all the 
 bits of planks where they found any paint, e(lceming 
 that the richeft Ouff of all. They laid, if themaft, 
 boom, boltfprit, &c. could be any way faflened, and 
 fecured till a calm day came, they could tow them up 
 to the harbour, called The Ovens, and they might 
 be ferviceable to him one day or other. He told 
 them they would, and if any (hip happened to put in 
 there that would want them, he could fell them for 
 fomethiog which would be for their beneht, to help 
 to pay won for this their kii\flae(ii to bim, Ther 
 
4to 
 
 VOYAGES OF tHE ENGLlSfl 
 
 unit 
 
 '. 
 
 fiiJ (lioy were tUiI they luJ ln-ni of any fcrvice to 
 him, and thouj^ht it their duty to fcrve lirangcri in 
 tlinrcl's, notwilhlKinding thry were of ditFcreiit co- 
 lours, .-iiid by otliciit, they believed, accounted dif- 
 ferent creatures ; yet they thought we were all of one 
 fpecict, and they were all men as wc were, though 
 they allowed thcmfelvc^ much inferior to whites inevery 
 Ihiiii'. Ri'bcrts told them, as to that, he did not fee 
 any (]irterrnce, only in the colour, and he could not 
 tell vvhrlhrr that might not be owing to theexceflivc 
 heat of the fun there ; faying, if a white man and 
 woman were to come and live with them, and go 
 naked, n^d expol'ed to the fcorchiiig fun as they were, 
 perhaps their poUerity, in three or four generations, 
 ipight be chan;j;ed to their complexion. They faid, 
 No i for they h.ij heard, that notwithftanding their 
 (kin mijiht lofeits wliitcnefs, yet their hair would al- 
 ways hold its nature, and not be frii/.led, like theirs, 
 ana they laid, moreover, there was a curie laid on 
 them, that they flinuld always be fubjcdls and fcr- 
 v.inis to the whites; a do<5lrine which the Hortu- 
 guel'e had probably taken pains to inculcate. 
 
 They cvinii:iucd, one or other of them, fwimming 
 about the \\ reek all d.iy, and continually kept bring- 
 ing otF loinethiiig ; and .miong the relt two iron pots, 
 at which tliev li-emcd mueh rejoiced. Swimming was 
 their malkr-piecc j lliey made no difficulty of pafs- 
 ing fioiii pl.ic; to place this way, even as far as to the 
 fmall ilhnds .ind b-itk .igain, and faid, a man might 
 remain Itveral d.iys in the water, if he were not fcized 
 with the cramp. They fetched up many things from 
 tile bottom, by diving, at which they were very expert i 
 and the fca bcmg always fmooth there in fine weather, 
 (as this little bay of Punu du Sal lies on the Ire Tide 
 of the illand) they can fee all round very plain, in 
 four, five or fix fathoms, and in a rocky bottom, even 
 to ten fathoms ; Handing up to the middle in water. 
 It is a common practice with thefe blacks, when they 
 have done fifhing, to ftand on the rocks and throw 
 (tones into the water, and for others to dive and bring 
 n Ti up J and they account it nothing to dive five or 
 I . fathoms, and creep along the bottom for a minute, 
 or more. — About noon they fct on the pot with a 
 pompion, and drelTed fome fift which the blacks had 
 caught ; foon after which, a mcflenger came from 
 Sigiior Lionel Goiifalvo, the governor, with his com- 
 phments and cxcule for not coming himfelf, on ac- 
 count of a cold. He brought fome pompions, and 
 three or four potatoes, and promifes of fome wild 
 goator vcnilon, next day. A little while after came 
 a black from the prieft, with the fame compliments, 
 but brouiiht nothing with him to eat; and faid, his 
 mailer dciircd, it Roberts had favcd any flour, to fend 
 him fome, and if Ire had any ftrong liquor alfo, his 
 maflcr would be no Icfs glad of it, though ha had not 
 told him to afk for any. And Roberts (hewing him all 
 he had left from the wreck, which were chiefly fome 
 pieces ( f bo.-ird, and two iron pots ; he faid, his 
 mafter was more able to do him more (ervice than even 
 the I bvcrnor himfelf ; and believed, if one of thole 
 pots were prcfcnted him, it would be very acceptable. 
 Some time after came down one Domingo Gomez, 
 fon of Antonio (iiimcz, formerly governor of the 
 ifland. He brou^nt fome pompions, oananas, a pa- 
 pah, and a cake of bread, made of bananas and maife. 
 He faid his mother fent the cake, and-would fend fome 
 milk. Roberts talking; of a return for thefc fa- 
 vours, they replied, they did not defire any thing, 
 but that he would continue his tRtem for them, and 
 let his countrymen know how kindly he had been ufed 
 among them ; adding, that no other return would be 
 required by any of the iflanders unlcfs the prieft, who, 
 they heard, was always very craving ; and, therefore, 
 they gave him this caution, for feat he might beg any 
 thing of h'ln, according to cuftom. 1 he captain 
 laid, when he returned home, and gave his country- 
 men an account of their civility, he did not doubt 
 but foiTic of them would come and vifit them. Go- 
 (iie7. anfwered, it might be fo, if this ifland produced 
 any thing fit tor traffic ; but that his fatlter, and other 
 
 old men, remembered feveral ftrangen coming thi- 
 ther, mo(t of them of the fame nation called Piratcr, 
 (for they thought there was a particular people of that 
 name) who had robbed the author i adding. That 
 though they had ufed him fo hardly, they wtre very 
 civil to ihrm, and would often tell them their ifland 
 was very poor, that ihejr lived verv miferable in com- 
 parifun of what the white men did in their own coun- 
 try i and that having no produce good for any thing, 
 was the reafon fo few (hips came to vifit them. Ro- 
 berts oblcrving one liftcning to his dil'courfe with more 
 than ordinary attention, and lookiiig at him, he ob- 
 fer,red he was not like the Guinea negros. 'i'his man, 
 to his furpril'e .is well as joy, anfwcrud in the Englilh 
 langu.ige, that the ifland might yield many valuable 
 conimtidities, though unknown, at haft as to their 
 ufes i as the gold, teeth, amberereafe, wax, and 
 various kinds of dying woods in Guinea, were for- 
 merly } and that, at this prefent, the northermolt 
 part of that country, to his knowledge, produced fe- 
 veral rich commodities, not yet known to the Kng- 
 li(h tobe there. Upon inquiry, he told Roberts his 
 name was Charles }raiikliii, and that he was born :'.i 
 Cacrlcon upon U(k, in Wales, that his latin r was n 
 juftice of peace, and he himlelt had been mailer of fe- 
 veral (hips out of Brillol; addini^that ina\ova<;et(>ihe 
 Weft Indies, he had been taken by his name-lake Har- 
 tholomew Roberts the pirate, and being brought 
 upon the coaft of Guinea, made his efcape at 
 Sierra Leona, and got to a black prince up the river, 
 called King Thome, who protctied him from Ro- 
 berts's perfccution ; to whom he fent word, that he had 
 a thouland ftout men, or four timet that number, 
 who, tho'blacks, knew how to ufe arms as well as his, 
 and were ready to give him a proper reception, if he of- 
 fered any incivilities in bis country. That the 
 pirate upon this melTage, thought fit to make off a« 
 loon as he had refreucd, and purfue his intended 
 voyage on the coaft of Guinea, as far as St. I'homaS) 
 or Prince's Ifland, After Roberts's departure. Cap- 
 tain Plunket, governor of the Englilh fa£iory at Si- 
 erra Leona, hearing of Franklin, and taking him to 
 be one of the pirates company, fent to acquaint the 
 king with it, and alio, demanded him to be given 
 up accordingly to the Englifh juftice, and the ring- 
 li(h right. 1 he king made known to him this mef- 
 fage, and the difficulties it threw him into, as hewat 
 loth to difoblige the governor, and the Englifh na- 
 tion. But the WeWhman laid before the king the 
 dangers lie might be in with the governor and the 
 company, for want of proper vouchers of his inno- 
 cence, (which he fulcmnly avowed) if they (houlJ 
 be fevere, and likewife exprefled a defire to ftay under 
 his prote^ion till fome (hip came thither, whofe cap- 
 tain knew him. 
 
 On this, the king fwore by his chief god, he 
 (hould not be delivered to any body, and accordingly 
 rejeAedallfolicitation, butdefiredhim to confult his 
 own fafety in fuch a manner, that no offence might be 
 given to th*" Knglifh. Then he begged to be fent 
 farther into fhi country ; being the more induced to 
 this, by the I cports he had from the natives, that the 
 ports within land abounded with gold, which metal he 
 had fome knowledge of, having lerved an apprentice^ 
 (hip in Briftol, to the goldfmith's trade. He ilia 
 obli.Tved to the author, that though he was furc no- 
 body would, in the long-run, do him any harm, 
 yet a great deal of trouble might be given on account 
 of a name-fake of the latter, who was a noted pirate,and 
 had been advertifed in the London Gazette. His chief 
 motive forclefiring to be fent up the country was, a 
 notion he had, that there was gold within land at 
 Guinea, and that moft of the mountains abounded 
 with it t more efpecially between the latitudes of 12 
 or 13 degrees, both north and fouth i and, perhaps, 
 alfo a* (ar foutherly at the land reached. His curi- 
 ofity, he faid, was ftrenethened by the opportunity 
 he now had of giving tiicm nu room to fufpcA him 
 for a fpy j for the inhabitants of thefe inland parts 
 were vera jealous, being pttpoKvfkd by the borderers on 
 
 M^ 
 
im-] 
 
 TO THE CAPF, V K R D F: ISLANDS. 
 
 40i 
 
 lilt ("i.,i-ciuft, with n fiar of being carricil off liy tli'' 
 whiles, .\s will as of their gri.it power .iiul luhtikty. 
 Thcfc MDtioiK, lie bi'licvid, were infilled by the bur- 
 tlcrers, til in^rols the whnle trade into their own 
 liaiuli i it henn alln ulii.il with tlicm to tell llr.iii^.Ts, 
 th.it there is lui i;i)M I'l the inland countries, and 
 that it is alio eiMUaiilcd ill the fiinJs and fliurv nf the 
 rivers nil ilie Cdalf. 
 
 Thil. iii.uidiTs (he fays) have alfo .1 notion, that 
 til'- white |i, ciplehavea new wciM, where they intend 
 to n lide , which is inconceivably better than the old, 
 but that ihiy want fo much done to it, that it will be 
 many a;>,es b lore it can be made fit for their reception ; 
 that tluy lend all their ninll valuable things from the ir 
 old world thither, the labour of which is carried on 
 liy the negros they yearly take out of Ciuinraj 
 that all thofe blai ks mu(f work very hard, with- 
 out an)' inlcrmillinn or ledeniption, until the new 
 world is completely fitted up in a very beautiful man- 
 ner, aad the white people are all fettled there. Hut 
 when that is done, having no farther fervice for the 
 blacks they will feiul them home to inhabit this 
 World, without ever molefting them again. 
 
 Franklin came acquainted with thtfe inlanders by 
 his long rcfidcncc among them ; for he had prevailed 
 with King Thoma to fend him to King Bombolu, 
 whither he went, attended by four of that prince's 
 guards, and his ftaff of llate, which ferve as a cre- 
 dential. He informed Roberts, that he was fcvcn 
 days in hisjourncy to King Bombtdii's town, which 
 was about ninety or one hundred miles oft'j that he 
 travelled on foot, and (topped by the way at feveral of 
 their towns, where they were ufed very courteoufly 
 that for the firft four days he obfcrvcd nothing of 
 any confequencc j but after that, perceived gold among 
 the inhabitants in very great .abundance, yet durft not 
 make any inquiry about it, findinc; himfelf ftriflly 
 watched by his attendants, who, as he underfiood after- 
 wards, had orders to give him no opportunity to make 
 any remarks upon the country, and to carry him a 
 dcfart way as much as they could, and fee he did not 
 write at any time. For though KinK Thoma had, for 
 this rcafon taken away all his paper before he fct out, 
 under pretence of keeping it fafe till he came back, 
 yet they had an opinion, that all the whites had a 
 genius who would bring them at their call, anv 
 thing they wanted. Therefore, if they faw him have 
 any paper, or offer to write, their orders were inffantly 
 to deliver him up to a certain king, who was, it 
 feems, an enemy to them as well as to all the whites, 
 on whom alone the geniufes of white people had no 
 power. "At length, continued he, we arrived at King 
 Bombolu's court, where, after ffiewing the ftaff of 
 credit, and delivering my pretended errand, which 
 was to open a tr.ide with them, I was received with 
 abundance of refpce'land honour by the king and his 
 nobles, who (hewed mc every thing they thought 
 might contribute to my diverfion ; and there was 
 gazing enough upon me, I being the (irft European 
 that W.1S ever remembered to have been feen in that 
 town." 
 
 The author obfcrving the two blacks, who were 
 with them, very attentive to their difcourfe, ailccd 
 one of them, it he underftood En^lifti ? Ho (aid 
 No ; he heartily willicd he did; but was glad, how- 
 ever, thev could underrtand one another. Frank- 
 lin telling him that Roberts was his countryman, the 
 negro was fiirprifed, knowing Franklin to be a CJua- 
 lego, or W'clcliman. Roberts having a great ilcfirc to 
 go up the town, not bcin;; fatisfied with Franklin's 
 objections of the impracticability of it, on the ac- 
 count of the (lce|)iufs anil height, as well as (liarp 
 points of the rocks, alked the negros their opinions, 
 who conlirnied wiiat Franklin had fiiid ; and luUl him 
 what he faw, was not the hundredth part of the whole 
 height, giving a very imperfeiil and extraordinary ac- 
 count of the idaiiii. Notwithltaniling this, when 
 Franklin propofed to explain it, they prefenlly took 
 (huff, and one of them, raifing his voice, and knit- 
 tina his brows, faid he wondered Franklin (hould 
 
 Vol. I. No. ^^. 
 
 pretend to •;ivc a b; :ter account than they, who tra- 
 velled p..ih:. whiih h'- di.ilt not aiti'iiijii. Krmiklitl 
 atked p.irdoii, ni.-K ii,; a gre.it iiuiny .ipol.i^'ies j anil 
 they feting R.1,11 its a Utile liiiprilid and cmcerncil 
 at their reftntir.ent, foftened their loin, and tidd 
 Franklin tliey were hiartily ulail lu could t.dic with, 
 and divert the captain j and tli.it hi' would havi them 
 carry on their coiutrlatii.ii in what 1 ii,:iiai;r be likcJ 
 bill i however, they faid, a-' the e.ipt.iin tniiKI fpeak 
 their laiigu:i;;e very well, they li.id rallicr he would 
 t.ilk in til. It, I hat tlityim;',;.! bei". I'tf by ihe.lifronrlc, ytc 
 were Hill more willingto loi ;;o ilv.ir own latisl.ctiou 
 lor the fake of his. 'Fill-. 1 leiitnieiit I'laortliii laid 
 Was owing to the jealouly they had, that h.' (tooil 
 better with Roberts than tluniLlves tliertlori- it was 
 thought fit to break ott" farih.r diUourie lor that 
 time. 
 
 The author now began towifti hlmfilf .a the town 
 cfpt'cially as both the governor and prieft had lent men 
 down to invite them to their houfes. CJn this occa- 
 lion he overheard one,wholpoke low, fay, " If 1 wcic 
 the captain, 1 (hould railier thiile lo loJi^'.e with 
 Signore Antonio dome/., than with any one on thi; 
 illand, he having alfo a good ftock of every iliiiii; toeat^ 
 and more plentiful than the governor ;" " Aye, but 
 fays another, the prieft has meat and ti(h (ifieiui than 
 Antonio Gomez or any body elli.-." "It ii true, fays .» 
 third, hut if the captain lives with the priell, he wit 
 beg all his cloaths ; and you all know uliat a cove- 
 tuous man he is. VVc cannot make any of us a hand- 
 fome cap, or have any thing elfe that is either fine or 
 delightful, but prefenlly he is begging it from 
 us." 
 
 While the author continued in this difiiial habita- 
 tion, he was daily in danger of being killed by the 
 ftoncs that tumbled from the mountains e.irly and late 
 in the morning and evenings. Thi«, as the blacks 
 faid, was oceafioned by the wild goats going to their 
 eaves on the edge of the mountains, whole foot was 
 at the top of the rock, under which they were : " For 
 the land, fays the author, rifcs fomcthiiig like the 
 pyramids of Kgypt : the foot of one mountain being, 
 as it were, the top of another, till you arrive at the 
 middle of the ifland, which is the higlvjlt ; and tho' 
 it appears with a rounding head, oft" the top of the 
 fea, yet it is rather flat, but, however, lieelininf^ 
 a little till you come to the edges, and from thence 
 going ftcep down, fomething like St. Paul's cupola." 
 He was therefore defirous of fcttingout for the town ; 
 and a day or two after, Domingo tying the boy be- 
 hind him with a fafti, carried him up, and as foon as 
 hereturncil, Roberts fet out himfelf; but after they 
 got to the firft refting-place, which was about the 
 height of St. Paul's Cupola, it wasfo fteep he could 
 proceed no farther; and one of them Icarching about 
 for the beft way, broke off a very large puce of a 
 rock, which was very near fwecping doi\n fume of 
 them in its way; and the noife and diift frightened 
 them alfo, that they were about defcending, wlieti 
 Domingo called them to ftop, and faid he v, ould not 
 truft the captain down in the <lav-time ; t-;-cautc ho 
 faid the rocks were then more crumbly ; lb they lodged 
 in a kind of gallery for that night, dielliiig fonie 
 fi(h and pompions for fuppcr ; and in the morning', 
 with great difficulty and hazard, got down to the olil 
 pUacc again: foon after, Doir.ingo, with fome of the 
 blacks, went to fetch the boat to carry the author to 
 town by water. It was almoft calm then, ai.J abo- f 
 noon it grew quite c.lm, contrary to what ii is on tho 
 weather fid^', as well to the foiuh-eaft and nonh-welt: 
 fides of the illand, where the nearer the fun I'pino.-ehc-. the 
 meridian, the frefhcr the gale blow.-, but on the foulh- 
 weft fide the contrary. i'hcevmnic be.it of the fun 
 rtfleifting from the rook';, together with baO die-t, fa- 
 tigue, 6;c. threw the author into a violent fever, 
 which bringing on a delirium, he lay here fix weeks 
 before he recovered ftreiigih enough to be carried to the 
 town. He was very carefully and atlbclior.ately at- 
 tended all the while by the blacks, and one of them 
 was unfortunately killed very near him by a piece of a 
 5 L rotkj 
 
 -m-'^-. 
 
402 
 
 VOYAGES OF T II F. E N G I, I 
 
 II 
 
 fir> 
 
 rock, wliiili fjllinp; down, ii:irtuil him in piccf*. — 
 Tile liliick* ntiirninc with the ln>at, ami Uciiig ihis 
 nii>l(iitiiiu', halliiuil him au,iy to Funriio, wliiTt- 
 tiK' i;(ivniiiir> hiiilc cumin;; fur liim in thi- moiiiin^, 
 he lode up to hit hoiilc, or hut, and was kindly 
 rircividj but Kinj; cnyanid, by u prntnili' in 
 J)nniini;ii, l.iv m hi* Lithir AntDiiio'-. Tluv hid 
 pnnulid liiin a lud, which w.h ronu'thing tMi.inidi- 
 Mjrv, roiiliiU'rin ; (hf pioplu and cuuntiy. I In 
 liHii pclU Will dimn iMlo the (limr in .1 Ion;', liiu.iii ; 
 and lour pieces of wood tied, between, to tliiir, with 
 b.inaiiii touU, Inrmcd the head, t'eet, and liiif, three 
 (M four il;i ks Inini; laid aerofs at proper dillanees, 
 and liid at laili end lo the polh : over thile was laid 
 a hurdle, made of lari;e e.inc-reed, the I'.iiue lort 
 Ihit i» binii';lu from I'orliisal, (<c. and upon this, 
 .1 (ju.inlily ol banana leans, which were covered 
 wiih a banana mat ; upon which were Ipiead two 
 H hile eolton cloths lor (licets, and over all a blue 
 and white euttnn cloih by way '>f counterpane. Here 
 he lav two months before he was able to j;o al road ; 
 and as foon a^ he got llrein;ili, diveited himl'elf with 
 fi(hin;; , at which Iport they ufed to be out three or 
 four day< toj.ifther, the negros carrviiijj down wiod 
 for a fne to boil the lilh, and ro.dl their pompioiis ; 
 and lalt tluv !;"hered on the locks, being made bv 
 thv heat of ihel'un from the lea-water Iving in the 
 holes. 
 
 R(d)crts havinj; made all the iiujuiry he coiiM, 
 when any fliip had touched .nt the ifland, was in- 
 foriricd, that cnly two had put in there in fe\en jears: 
 one an l'.iii,li(liman, w ho bou.'lit (on-.e ln-i's ; the 
 other a I'" • uefe c.irryin.; flaves from St. Kiiliolas 
 to lirahl, and t died lor watir ; bur was driven Ironi 
 his anchor bv a florm. As he had a mind to 50 to 
 Sf. I'hilip's, when: he w.istold Hups ofirn came, lie 
 got toirellur ..II the remains of the wreck, and with 
 the htlp of th.' natives, he built a boat of twentv 
 live feet Ion;; in the keel, thirty feet between Hem 
 and llern-poil, breadth at the main beam ten ficf, 
 depth about four feet ten inches. He caulktd her 
 with cotton and mcdV, and paiil the fiams with 
 talhnv, mixed and Incorporaiid into a puttv, with 
 afles dun^ and afllcs. There was this peculiar in)od 
 quality in it, that being rubbed well in the (cam, it 
 harilriied it in a (hort time, fo that the fun did ii.it 
 melt it, n.ither would it wafli ott' again with the 
 water, nor would the lifh cat it otf'as they did the un- 
 mixid tallow, which befides was pretty fearce ; for 
 thev i;ot but live pounus of tallow out of forty goats, 
 and a toleiable fat cow. He now prepared to gc, 
 (and havin.; picked up an anchor, lift by the above 
 mentioned I'ortuguele fliip) thence palled to Kuarno. 
 From this place he went up to town to take his final 
 l.avc, as he thought, of the inhabitants : but to his 
 great furprif.-, Mr. Franklin, who had cunftantly 
 tilktd of going with him, now he was ready, refull'd 
 i"-, and ga\e jiim Inch reafons as he w a^ forced to 
 acquielve with. lie therefore let fail with lix blacks 
 and his littk' boy, about two hours Ufore day, taking 
 the tuft of the northern Iheam, and chofe tlie morn- 
 iin; tide, in order to get a croli the channel bilorc 
 tl.c dav gall', which (biTietimcs blows in violent flaws 
 d'jwn the ( jhors. They got into the road, and ran 
 down to I'onte dc Villa, which is a I'andy bay ; but 
 h : palled by it, bccaufe the wind was pretty far north- 
 erly, which is an open wind there. He ran dov^■n 
 aloii'jfhori-, and doubiingtlic point at Nuellra Signora, 
 h; anchor.-d in the hay in lix l.ulioms, this bcin:;all;i 
 a clean faiuiy bay, and the water, as the wind Aood, 
 fmouther tli.in at Kontedc Villa : but he Ifaid not there, 
 bi in^ advifed by I'ome negros, who came from Thome 
 S mtcc, to fail down a litilc lower to a final 1 bay, 
 called I,3';hat", where ho mi;;ht put the boat to 'the 
 bi ich, an.i w auc on fliore ; tiie lea being very fmooth, 
 and little or no furf running on the (hore, and they 
 went with liini to Ihcw him the bay. 
 
 This Thome Santee, was commandant of the 
 horf-, and was ordered by the governor to march 
 aloii^ tlie clirts as far as Nucllra Signora, to defend 
 
 the coad, in Calc Roberts (hoi.ld atl.npl to l.ii.d 
 beloie till y wiie luti'hid wh.-l In- was. 
 
 Dii this illand < I St. f'lulip's he (ound two bl.rk 
 carpciitii>, who wcic btourht up at the Iriiuli 
 Tacloiy at .'suiegal, and had been live vcais ..t Naiit* 
 lo li.irn the trade ; .iiid hiuliiig his boat viiy haky, 
 Ik dttiriniind to ;'o hai k with thole to St. |(din'» 
 (where wood was plmiilul) to lit up Ins boat betttr, 
 taking Captain I lu.nie .iloiig with him, and li mc 
 otiiu pallingcrs, he wnuhed Iroin Laghale about art 
 liour 01 bitter before the noithein tide wis made : ai.J 
 having the ; Ivaiit.ii'.e of the fouthern hr<i/e, whi.li 
 l.iihd up to the point, with llu lielp ol both fails and 
 oais, they arrived time by the lime that the flood lit 
 up to tlie northward, and thui opening the point, 
 they met the trade wind, and making two or threo 
 boaids, got the length of lialleaviluH a good whilo 
 before the tide was duin : but lh.it beii.g well fpi nf, 
 and the wind far northerly, Icaiiug lie Ihould not 
 re.ich the Tuarno on a Ice-tide, he aiuhorcd there, 
 (i.iying to t.ike a whole flood to ciofs the channel: 
 .Tiul the tide ferving before i}.n', he weighed about 
 lour o'clock in the morning, aiiU got into ihe J iiaiiu) 
 of St. John's, a little aftir noon. I h.it d.iy ho 
 
 rtceived ten cotton cloths lor freight of his pilluigeis, 
 which ni.ide him agood forefail, and np.iiied his jib : 
 of the remainder, he made a pair of trow/irs for 
 lumlilf, .ind a jacket and tiow/ers for his little hoy. 
 He liaid here two montiis 'lelorc he liniflud his boat, 
 .liter ttlrch, he lailid the I e to St. Ja;'o, hut calltil 
 .1 St. I'hilip's by the v/.iy to put on fhore ihero 
 t' iptaiii Thome and the Th.lippiar.s. He flaid there 
 thric days to lay in provilioiis and watei, then 
 weighid, and in in abuu' ten d.iys time, beat up to 
 St. J.140 i but lays, had h.- not bicii acquainted 
 w lib tlu- let of the current, he could never have raifcj 
 t. He reached a bay called Kivero des Kharkes, 
 v/heri: he anchored ; but finding no (hips there, and 
 .ilfo a great fearcity of fait, he iletcrmined to go to 
 he idw" of Mayo for that commodity : he was alio 
 in ar half full of poinpion, niaife, &c. and was tidd 
 he ifie of Mayo was almoft faniilhed for want of 
 iilltrince. Having taken in water, he concluded 
 go ' ..ut the north-end of St. Jago, as he knew 
 t by experience, to be the bell way to s^ain the illc 
 of lilayo. After two days flay, he weighed, and 
 .inchored in the bay of Riveio de J'lata ; and with iha 
 next tide got to Porto 'Terralall ; and waiting 
 thirteen days there for favourable weather : he at lall 
 weighed and got in a windward tide to Porto 
 Facienda ; but afterwards could not weather the point 
 (d the illand, and was driven by the lee tide into an 
 unknown bay. Over-againft the bay were a great 
 many rocks, the largeft not a good Hone's cart in the 
 length, molt of them above water, extending about 
 halt a league oft' from the Ihore : but he got well in 
 with lomc difficulty, and found a fate and pleafant 
 cave running in behind the point, above a cable's 
 length wide, from which people could fee no fea, ami 
 were Iheltered from the winds. An elderly man came 
 duvvn to him attended by four flaves arir.ed with 
 l.inces. He very courtcoufly alked Roberts to cnmu 
 on Ihoie ; who told him he w tnild come prclentiv, 
 .ind in the mean time a water-melon was thrown intu 
 the water lor him. 
 
 Roberts did not care much for trufting liimfelf on 
 fhore with liiin at hill, lor that part of 'Jit. Jago 
 confills n-ollly ot banditti, who frequently fly ihilher, 
 and foniciiivies make ineiii lions upon the reli : but 
 feeing him .Tcccpt his prel'tnt kiiully, whieli, with 
 ihole peeple is ir.oftly ttlecnud as a token of frieiul- 
 Ihip, he ventured on fhoi'', wdicrc he w.is received 
 with great formality by the old genlU-man, who 
 .•.fKing whence he can.e, and whither bcuiul, 4;c. 
 told him that his name was /orje Vharela the Jhuifs ; 
 that he was the jufficc of thole paits, that all the 
 land as fir as could be fern was his iltate : and th;it 
 he had filv(?r mines in his ground, but knew not how 
 to extract the filver IVcm the o.ir, and did not chufe to 
 fend to the city for a liiielter, for fear the mine IhotiUI 
 
 be' 
 
 MMHSte 
 
 testa 
 
>7»J' 
 
 T () T H K 
 
 c A r- 
 
 V ,?: R 1) IS L A N tJ S 
 
 be difcoverrd by iln' kin;; of Portugal, iinj 
 
 by his armv loi Inm : .nidiiig, lli.il ilij* inijilit \> i 
 
 ha|i<i, allii lie the immiii <it iiinkinu lliiiii lull- thiir 
 
 o( (late, 
 
 api, mill lie iiic iiiiMiii <jt MinKiii^ 
 |irivili'yc!i hiir, whith h:\il luiii piilcrviil ivcr liim 
 ihf in.iiiil III Si. JaiMi was inh.ibilcd ; hut protiiiUil In 
 frild (or (iiiiic iilihi ore lor RDlirrt*. When it c aim, 
 it pr<ivrd to hi' luiihiiij; moii- than a lork «( a yi llowilh 
 ' mhinr, c«ii|'il|inj> ol (lakes uhoiii the lhi< kn Is 
 lull III lliinlng fpangUH, which );lill>niil in 
 the lun-hiMnn like chryTtal glals. The native ih.inkid 
 bis )>ii(ll kindly lor the nulon, whieli was the mure 
 iicceptahle, he laid, on accoiinl "I ilie lecd?, whieh 
 roniing liiini abioad, the Cruit wnuld he always valued 
 <is a rarity ) and in return, he ^avc him at p.irting, 
 a (at goat and I'unre milk. 
 
 Next niDrnnig Roberts weighed, and grtlinR ahout 
 the Bigliude, which is the nortji-ealt point of the iHand 
 of St. J.igK : ahnut nonn, the wind niirth-ealt, he 
 faw the illc of Mayo ; ahuiit three in the afternoon, 
 Monte PinolU hearin;; fouth-call-hy-euH ; and an- 
 chored next niornin ■ at I'm to Kngltl'c, or Vingdofs, 
 as it is called hy the inhalntants : hut finding no 
 fllips here, and the I'urge ruiminn high on (hme, 
 he weighed, in order In heat u|. lo C.dyite or I'aaiVeo, 
 to wimlw.ird of Calyetc i hut finding that not con- 
 venient, being a great way from the Salt-pans, he run 
 down to the Calyetc, and anchoring there, difpoled 
 of his things, and had fait brought to him by the 
 natives, (or which he paid with fomc of his cargo 
 from St. John's and St. I'hiliji's. Hut the negros in 
 the hoar, taking it into their heads that this fait was 
 intended to be carried with thcnilelves, to Harbadots, 
 they all ran away from liim. However, he.h.id not 
 been long in this condition, befoie two blacks came 
 and oft'ered their feivicctogo with him. One was a 
 native of St. Nicholas j anil the other of St. Antonio. 
 This lad (aid, he would make a better hanil of his 
 fait, if he went to that ifland ; and thence to Du Sal, 
 taking u gang to St. Anthony to kill turtle there, in 
 order to (ell at St. Nicholas, which was (till very 
 t'carceof provifions : he relolvcd to take his advice, 
 the rather, becaufe if he could nut reach thel'e Klands, 
 he might go at lad to St. Jago, 
 
 Accordingly he failed that evening from Calyetc, 
 but the wind not favouring his delign of reaching 
 either St. Nicholas or Antonio, he bore down to St. 
 Jago, running for the north-eall point : where (ind- 
 ing a large bay, about two le.igues or fomething more 
 to the fouthward of the llikhuilc. Here he anchored 
 in a little fandy cove. Hut the St. Antonio black told 
 him, he did not like the place, for it was the wildeK 
 part of that quarter, where the banditti inhabited. 
 His words were confirmed by a volley of (lones, whieh 
 was foon followed by a fecond ihower, and lb continu- 
 ed, by a number of blacks from (horc : fo that they 
 had certainly been dcftroyed, had not Roberts 
 thought of mentioning Sign6rc Vharela the Jhuifs 
 to them, as his Intimate friend. Upon which, they 
 all ftartin^ up, a(ked, if that was the veficl that had 
 been at Signore Jhuifs Porto? and being allured it 
 was the fame, they were immediately pacilied, and 
 profelTed thcmfelves his friends. However, he did 
 not care to (lay, but very early next morning got 
 out J and, it being calm, rowed down directy for 
 Porto Formofa, where he (laid to take in wood and 
 water. He was met here on fliorc by Antonio 
 the principal gentleman thereabouts, who was 
 attended by eight (laves with lances, two having 
 each a piftol, wbich they were obliged to carry, being 
 (b near neighbours to the Indians, of 'I'errafal ; 
 and when Roberts told him how he had been ferved, 
 he faid, it was the grcatelt miracle in the world they 
 had not been all killed ; declaring, that, for his 
 part, he would not have been in their place, for the 
 ifland of St. Jago. This gentleman was awhile, of 
 the r.ice of Portugal, was extrciiKly civil, and icnt 
 half a dozen of his blacks to rut wood, and carry it 
 tobim, and next morning fent an al's loaded with 
 provifion and fruit, and at parting, prelt;nted him 
 with many other things. 
 
 K.irly 1 t-ncxi movn 
 '|.il(iii;4 111 Ms; lhnf«, V * ''tif wi'"' 
 uigih of St. j '.",'> «>»n '«(!• llie b-y 
 n liiw^r, criieiid f'l' ii.ith< i.r .■( 
 
 Ilerr he niiiond Vkith 
 
 iiivd on Ihnre to a n^ 
 
 nil; twelve Ket at Iia' 
 
 thirr being no iiih,.l i 
 
 w.iy In St. J i;,i) Uiw i 
 
 l'ia)a Korninla ) ami 
 
 Diiniingii, priiereili il t 
 
 , b*-' went fiim liicncr, .»ml 
 '•■ doi»« (, ' 
 
 ii'tirttd 
 ..> Ntadi I.I 
 ..nrlur ofi', . * n pe f.ill- 
 vthiih «as li» imiav, liav- 
 
 .• t r chill li- the rock : luit 
 IS ni.«r, aii£ but ii;dilleri.nc 
 III ii'.ilUd J, oil;; dM\sii to 
 
 toiiihiii'; tlu'ip, and at Sr. 
 
 I'nilii I. iba, tthire lie rieeivid 
 a letter Irnm llie genei.l i.f ,11 the Cape i!e Verdi-, 
 with a man and hoile in i iry him to t.nvii. Leav- 
 iii(' his biiat hen, h.' rude up to it, ■.\h' iit tAi:ily 
 inilesby lain!, jkn he wa- in hr>|'es h'' li d nittwiili 
 a (.hap for his boat, hut upon li^lu nl liei, the b.ir- 
 gaiii went nfl'. 
 
 riie I'likly time of year nov rp|ii)arliiiig, he was 
 refulvid to make for ionie of the windw.ud illaiub, 
 efpeeially St. Nu.hul;i-, where then; was a better 
 piolpeiit of melting with loine Kiirip.Mn lliip to carry 
 him otf, the feafon 111 the yiar alio eimeuiring ; for 
 they expeClid a louthrrly mini in a little ti'iie. Si> 
 he dilpoled of Ins fill as fad as he couUI, to |,>et uii 
 the call (iJt of the ill; lid, bi'aufe (roni theiiec he 
 could hope for a w.'lleilv wiiul, and th • ro.uls aie 
 alio the filed. H.iving got a putty good car.'o of 
 m.ii/e, tor his lalt, with foine eoio.iiuits, plant ines, 
 bananas, &c. lie laiLd Iroin Cilyetc St. Maityn, 
 and getting the length of I'oito I..1I10, intended to 
 toucli if pofKhle, at llona Villa, where he knew thirc 
 was a good market lor his provilions : but not heiii;', 
 able to get thither, by rcalbn of the noriliein (lieam, 
 he dooil for I'orto .\Iadera, where he waite.l eight 
 days : and then having a (outherly wind, he llreuhed 
 over for the ifle of iM.iyo, and .nhoiit dulk was abie.ill: 
 the Calyetc, about two leagues oiriiig. Jioiii heme, 
 he kept to the eallwaril, co.iding along the ifland hy 
 two dd'erent |iorts ; the iflanders making (iici 
 at each place as he pallid, in hopes he would 
 land thcie. But he held on his courle, till bethought 
 himfelf pad the (Ilialloon, whith is a ledge of hr.iken 
 rocks llriking a long way o(K (Vom the north fide of 
 the illand. Alter this, he fteeied as directly as he 
 could for Calyetc St, Jorje in Bona Vidaj but it 
 falling calm, and meeting with vaiial-le light airs, 
 he drove in the channel between the two iflands, near 
 three weeks, and being foreeil to hear away round the 
 (buth end of the ifland, he had an opportunity of 
 obfcrving the reef, which runs oft" from the land, 
 at lead, a league ami an half; lb (,ir oft", he 
 believes he faw the (ia break. It is a lei'ge of 
 lunken rocks and great Hones j and from a mile's 
 didance oft' to the fliore aic feveral breaks and 
 channels to go through, having water enough for 
 any fliip. There was a great rolling ("well, mid ilic 
 wind fredicned up, veering to the fouth-caft, whii h 
 made the fea break there. At lad he got into 
 Calyetc St. Joije ; however, there being no cor- 
 vcnicnt (]uay or nuk to l.md at, he gut up to the 
 Englilh road two days alter : w hue was a I'ortugiielc 
 launch left by the piiait^ and given by thtm to 
 Domingo Cionfalvo, wlio lent her to the author. 
 Having launehed her, he hioiight her on board, and 
 let all hands 10 get in fait, hut this being the lainjr 
 feafiiii, he was three weeks in getting a cargo : At 
 this time, th. re cnme a fail into this na I, a floop 
 belonging to I'rillol. The captain was very kind to 
 Roberts, and would have had him gone with 
 him, which he was very willing to do, till he cumc 
 to undcrllaiul tlie J; fign of the yoy.igc ; which he 
 adds, would no ways agree «ilh jullite, neither was 
 it lafe for the owni 1 5. 
 
 'I'he aiitlior living well on board this floop, fell 
 into a fever by chatn-e of dirt, notw ithlh nding all his 
 precaution. In his fickiufs he was cauliilly atttndid 
 by the captain, who alio at pariinr, gave him ft mo 
 mediciiKs out ol histhilf, and onlcrid fine brerd 
 to be put in the boat, and a ilo/cn of wine, half a 
 do^eii of brandy, a piece ol loaf (iigar, feme 1 utter, 
 
 oatmeai 
 
 ..^'^ 
 
! 
 
 .*' •' 
 
 /' 
 
 V O Y A (J E S OF T Fl F. 1", N C I, I ; Ff 
 
 ciliin'iil, (lour, »ti(l wlut ill'c hf coiilil tlicM lliink 
 woulil bi' iui\ir,iry for liiin, Mr hail rhc |ii(lio|i I't Si. 
 J.iHi'. .iiiil ihi' Mlit.iilot i'iin.r.il, v jch tliiir jIIuhI- 
 aiit!i, on bn;inl, who wuc gcjini; tluir vifiLition* 
 round thi id.inils j and aftir tli.it, Ihi' \ ililailor w.n In 
 villi ;ill iliciii.iH 11) (JiiiMc.i, iimln ihi' kinj; ol I'or- 
 tugal, I he lii(tii'|i, all llu linic,c)blin mil; the liiiiid 
 lhi|>aiul IricliMii ih.it |ia()'ul bi'tvvicn lliiiii, .ifVi-d tlu 
 capllin, «ticthcr Ruluil* u .is riKitid to him. tli 
 anfwcicd, \i^ i th.ii lie w.isa Chrilti.u), .i I'luii Omt, 
 a ni.iii, a coiintrytnan, and a hottir in.in ili.iii liimlcll, 
 thoiij;h he h.ul the mitlortune to fall info ihi haiiiK 
 u( pii.itc«, ami that his loiiiitrynu ii aKva\» iilidniie 
 aiioiliir 111.— After thii, he piilinily (it l.iil. The 
 evening', fiillowing, Roberts let fail (or St. Niilml.is, 
 iheihiif idamlforades i whith ii the tir(l commo- 
 dity i;encr.illy traded for in thofc i(1and«, and that 
 coniniuiily in November or Deccnihtr, thofe that come 
 it) J.Tiiuary, ufually lo.idinp f.ilt. litre he arrivtd, 
 and luiiitd intoa road callid I'oito (j'huy, thvre be- 
 nglcl* fea tumbling than at l'aiaj;hi(i, whither he 
 Went the next day, and quiekU diljiolul of IiIh (alt, 
 nicaliire for meadire, for niaile, or Fiuliaii eorii. It 
 bri;inniiij» to rain the day after his .iirival hire, Ro- 
 bei Is was afraid of a foulhcrly or uelkily wiiuleoin- 
 ing, whiih wore all that could hurt him: but 
 the blacks faid, he need not fear that, and (iKWinp 
 him u fu;;ar-loaf hill, called Moiile I'ladre, told him 
 that midy cap, which it wascoMred willi, was al- 
 ways a fign of a northerly wind. Hut, notvsiih- 
 ftandini; this mariner's hopes, a ftorm arofe, which 
 foon ftavtd the Halamlia to pieces aj-.aiiid the rocks : 
 however, tlicy all ("irft got f.ife on (liore out of her. 
 After this, he went up the town, and h:u iiij; hidiij;ht 
 letters from the biftiop, whom he (aw at Uoiia Vi(ta, 
 to the two traders of St. Anthony, alii) from .he 
 |)rie(F, who attended the bifliop, (lie'iiif; the fame that 
 was at St. Nicholas, when the pir.ites took him there) 
 to his futcedor, the prefcnt pried there, he was vcrv 
 kindly received by them all ; ami the prieft want- 
 ing wooil to enlarge the choir part of his church, 
 bought ihe wreck that was Caved, and left here, for 
 the ufeas abinemeniioned, for which he cavelheau- 
 tlior 10 dollars. It llcmsthc prielt Caved it by charg- 
 ing them all ,Tt church, under pain of excommuiiiea- 
 tion not to touch it ; and pronounced damnation to 
 every one who fliould difobey his orders. 
 
 Roberts receiving this money foon after, bought a 
 large hog for a dollar and a half, and h.id it killed, and 
 would not fell the maiCe and Cefliooiis, which he got 
 for his Cult, (being about 50 bufliels) but for a large 
 profit.— —Here, falling into a tertian ague, he 
 pall'ed the time, or ratner lingered on, till about 
 the latter part of OiHobcr, when, tn hit great fatls- 
 I'adfion, news was brought of an Englifli fliip being 
 arrived at the iHand, and that (he anchored at the port 
 of Terrafal. While he was getting ready a horfc to 
 go thither, he received a letter from the captain, whofe 
 name was John Harfoot, who happened to know him, 
 ;it his lirfi arrival. Cent that letter to invite him to come 
 on boird him, if pofliblc, next d.iy. Ih accord- 
 ingly went, and a(iifted the captain in diCpofing of 
 his cargo j and when they had finifhed their bufinelV, 
 they weighed, intending for Uarhadocs, where Cap- 
 tain H31 foot was bound ; but ran firft to Hona ViOa, 
 where he (laid four days ; from thence he went to the 
 Idcof May, for two days; and then proceeded for 
 the i(land of St. Jago, and anchored in Porto Pr.iya : 
 they there met with an Englifll fhip, come from the 
 coaft of Guinea, with a cargo of Haves, wax, teeth, 
 &c. and bound for Lilbon. I'he laptain's name was 
 MuCes IJurel of Pool, in DorCctfliirc, with whom, 
 on his invitation, Roberts determined to take his 
 
 fiaflage, as being the mod direi5l courib to Eng- 
 and. 
 
 The Cape de Verde iflands, of which Captain Ro- 
 berts has here given us a particular lUCcription, as 
 we have already obferved, lie off the cape oC th.it 
 name. 'I'hey were all defert when the Portuguefe 
 fitli difcovcrcd them, and firft fettled at St. Jago, the 
 
 i'ui 
 
 iiiolMVilih' of the whole clodr, cnnTill ir^ of ten,' 
 11/. du .Sal, Hoiij \ Ilia, (,,r lln.i \|||,) M.uo, Si. 
 J.igo, Kuigo, lli.a.i, St. Nicliol.i., Si. I iHia, St. 
 Viiuent, and St. Ant mio. Ilui lonu K\kon(oiir. 
 teen,lKcaufe liny imlu-le four otlur Imleill:.., or 
 r.ither locks in the luinibir. 
 
 I hiy lake up.i litili above three dtgr>T« from ilia 
 Coiilhlothe north, and the fame iiiiinlv r lioiii thi; 
 till to llu wed, Iwn , hilweeii I4dp;'uis jo mimilr-, 
 iiid 17 ile^tiei. 4) minutisof lalilul, , .md h lumi 
 llle 4ih, and 71I1 digues ol I. n.-iludi lioiii l'\ii„.— — . 
 S.il, Hona Vida, ,ind .M.ivo lie mod 10 th, t.ill, lioiii 
 north to fouth i St, Jago, Kucgo, and l)ia\a, to tin; 
 louth, (romcadtowid i and St. Nnohi*, St. F.inia, 
 St. Vincent, and St. Antony, is to the noilh-wiK, 
 in a ran le from (iiulh-cad to noiih-wdl. 
 
 'I'he air of tlirte illaiids is extreiiely hot and un- 
 wholeCome, (o thai they are Kehonrd to he (ituate in 
 oiicof ihi: mod unhealthy elimaiis 111 ih.' v. . 1 Id ; the 
 (ml of loine of ihiiii is duny ami baruii, as piiticu- 
 l.irlythatof du Sal, Hona Vili.i, .iml M.ivot Silanil 
 .M.iyo, have a gieat number ot wild hoiksj .M.ijo, 
 hehiles will! horles, has a iiuKh ^re.lei r,i;mbir ot 
 wild goats, and a prodigious t|u,iiiiiiy of i.ilt.— — 
 The other idaiids are 0101^ leitile, and produce lice, 
 maiCe, or Imliaii wheat, binanas leiiums, lilroii', 
 oianges, pomegranates, cocoa-nuts, hgs, and me- 
 lons ; there are (iime uiiiteeotion and Ui(:.ir canes, of 
 which they have a double ciO|i. The goats ^emrally 
 bring (orth three or (our kills at oiue, aiul ili.it odti'i 
 in the year ; and the vines hear tv\ ice a )iar. 
 
 (ioaisand diiep aie theii principal c.re, havinj^ 
 (ew oxen and cows. [Danipier fjy«, " Ad'isare 11 
 commodity in Come of ihele illani!s, (Im-mI Kn;'li(h 
 (hips coming hither purpc lily to In !■ lit w ith Ihrni, 
 and carry llum to llaibadoes, am! our jdaiitalioi-.. 
 Their wealth condds in (■o.it-lkiii';, and (all, (snt 
 from Sal, lionaVida, M.iyo, and Si. J.i 'o." 
 
 There is (iich plenty of turtle in ihofe id.inds, 
 that yearly (iveral (oreign fliips rilort ihitlar to caich 
 and I'alt them by whole cargoes, (iir the Kuropian 
 colonies in America. In thewet Haloii they go on 
 Ihore to lay their eggs in the (and, which th'y leave 
 10 be halehid hy the heat ot the dm. The iiih.ilii- 
 taiits go out in the night, and turn thi m on iheii h.ieks 
 with poles i lor they aie (ii lai !;e, ih.it tKiie is no do- 
 ing it with their hands. Tue de(h of tlum, will 
 cured, is as great a (iipply to the American planta- 
 tions, as cod-fifli is to iunope. I'oultry and labbits 
 alfo increafehere. 
 
 Ihrchief trade of thefe idand?, in 1693, was in 
 fall, (and that at Mayo) which the Englidi hi.idtd 
 (or Newfoundland. Some Englilh diip- eallnl like- 
 wifc in their way to the American plaiua'.ions :it ihij 
 ifland, Bona \ida, S. Nicholas, S. Vincent, 5sr. 
 where they purcha(id alles very cheap, wiiicli as well 
 as all other beads, go od' well at Harbadoe'. Cap- 
 tain Roberts obferves, that there is found on nmd of 
 thcfe ifl.inds, a fort of vecctablc done. 
 
 Thefird Poriuguefe Cettlers, pinieiilaily ihofj on 
 St. Jago, pi-i-ivideii themlilvcs with iic;;ro (i.ivis from 
 (iuinea to do their work ; ami, as it was ulii.l with 
 them to atone (or their dns <m tluir (Kalh-hids hy 
 giving oiv; or more d.ives tluir tieedoin , tlicK' ma- 
 numitted bl.icks being in a climate natural to liiem, in- 
 erealid a-pace i and not brooking the lonlly >ml op- 
 prediie deportment of the whites, found means in 
 time to get tranlp.jited to the ne;;hboiirin;; illaiuh, 
 wliiihcr (iiinc of the whites, feeing iheir impimi nu-ii!, 
 followed them j but the Porlii^ii; (e trade in thole p iits 
 declininii, by means of other nations iiiiding out ihc 
 way to Guinea, and the Kad Indies, thebl 1, ks ^rcwr 
 fo much fiipcrii r in number, that they indllul to be 
 put on an e(|iial footing with the whites, who, laihir 
 than dihmit to this, retired to St. Ja-o o' Portu5'al, 
 leaving but a (iw poor people behind, v.ho were jiael 
 to join with the blacks on their own termi^, and inter- 
 marrying with them, their delccndant , by tlint mix- 
 ture,grcw from mulattos to be copper-coloured nrgre^s j 
 I'o that now there is as great variety of ne-gros on 
 6 " theft 
 
»7»J) 
 
 to THE CAPE VERDE ISLANDS 
 
 4nj 
 
 Ihrl'c illaiidii, »% it to be met Wiil> throughout tlu 
 Whole colli of Uuincj, 
 
 Thui all the inanJn c.ime to he ptopleJ i which 
 being oblvrveO hy the cnurt ul' Purtugal, the kin^ bc- 
 ItowiM tlirin anions his nohlcii reli'iviiig to hiiiili.ll 
 only St. J rt,", (anilurtciwarJi St. Philip's.) Howivci, 
 Ihcgovcniiir n( St. J.igo hi% the tilleol tjniir.il ol 
 mII theCipc Je VcrJc llUiid*, and the cu,ilt of Ciiii - 
 lU'ii, Iroiii Klo Sjn;i);4, to Sierr.i Lcon.ii iic. I'lu' 
 oihtr lurdk lluikina cucli hit own illand, with ciiw«, 
 H'Uta, i<i\ Ic.-wc iTie government to .i deputy i tluir 
 •iiilhoiiii not beini; much, m the I'ole power ol iiu- 
 nilhiiig liy fiiif, limb, or death, wa> lodged at hi It in 
 lliv govcinoi ol St. Jjgo: but ol late.m officer, c.illiid 
 uii Ovidor, (much the Tame with the JuKiccs ol alHzc 
 in England) hat been cllablilhcd, who i^ veiled with 
 nil the civil jurii'di^iion, and has alio the inlpci^lion 
 und m.inageinent ol the crown rcvcnuea, jtc. the 
 militiiry part being rcferved to the ircneral. 
 
 St. Jago it the cleariiig port lor all (hipi tridlnj; from 
 any part of the king of Portugal't dominions, to iliat 
 part of Guinea ; but notwithltanding thit, the crown 
 revenuei from thit ifland aie but I'maTl, lying between 
 Cape de Verde and Sierra Leona. However, he it 
 not at much charge in keeping them ; for at there it 
 never a fortification but on St. J.igo and St. Philip't, 
 Ind none of any ftrcngth, excepting that at the city of 
 St, Jago, which.'wat built by the Spaniard*, when 
 Portugal wai under their dominion i lb they are de- 
 fendea by their own militia, without any of the 
 kins'i forces. 
 
 Our author r,iy«, <* The Tea about thefe iflandt 
 keep* a regular influx and reflux every fix hours and 
 fome minutet i and that the fpring and neap-tidei, 
 likewifs keep their due cuurlct, unlefi when afFe£led 
 by the fliifting winds, &c. which arc more fiequent 
 here than ir. other parts i but let the weather be ever 
 fo ca'm, yet the lea runs higher againit the rocks, 
 and even in the b.iys about the full and change of 
 moon, than in, or near tlu: quarters. At thefe times 
 the captain hat taken notice, that in a (Irong galu of 
 wind, which caulinl a great fea to run in the channel 
 between St. Philip't, and St. John's, yet in the I'u- 
 ■rno (a bay in the latter) the fea has been very 
 fmooth. On the contrary, near the full or the 
 change, when perhapt it had been calm for three or 
 four dayi before, and the channel almoll at fmooth as 
 the Thames, yet againft the fliorc the fea heaved up 
 in fuch I manner, that even in the Fuarno there was 
 no putting a boat on fliorc to the beach or ftrand, 
 without danger of being filled with water by the roll- 
 ing and breaking of the fea thereon i and although 
 «ne might at the fame time land fafe enough at the 
 quay, yet there the wavei rofe and fell at if a great fea 
 ran without. " The flood fcts to the north-eaft, and 
 the ebb to the fouth-weft, unlcft checked or turned bv 
 the points or fides of the iflands, (the eflic£>s of whicn 
 are found on the dream, (which he oblerved there, and 
 is a rule for judging of the fell." Agood tide, both ebb 
 and flood, runs between St. Jago's and St. Philip's, 
 and a ftrongcr between this and St. Nicholas to St. 
 Anthony's, efpecially the narrow channel between 
 St. Lucia and St. Vincent, which, in fpring-tides, 
 run very (trong, viz. as fall as it does in any part of 
 the Thames, to Captain Roberts's thinking, for he 
 had noconveniencies for knowing exadlly. 
 
 The ifle du Sal, or of Salt, is the moll windward 
 of all the Cape de Verde illands, being fituated, ac- 
 cording to Captain Roberts, in latitude 17 degrees 
 north, and longitude live degrees 18 minutes well, 
 from the cape. It is clear all round of Ihoals and 
 rocks, and aflbrds tolerable good riding, except in the 
 rainy fc;ifon. The road before the town of Palmera, 
 ••ithe moll noted, looking like two bays, with a rocky 
 point in the middle. This bay lies on the weft fide 
 of the ifland, anJ is eafily known by three palm trees, 
 from which the name is taken ; they are Hill Hand- 
 ing, and ace the only trees of the kind on the ifland. 
 To the fouthward of the 'jay, about a mile, or half 
 a Uaguc, there is a little ifle, which is always white 
 Vol. I. N- 3S. 
 
 with liiM U dung, »y if covircd with fnnw. Of ih« 
 five hilli that arc upon du Sal, thai Vi the iinrlli i , tlis 
 liii;h('li, and next to thi«, that to the ealt, both which 
 appiar in the furni of lug:ir-lnavc«. 
 
 this ifland lormerly, wa« vmII llokcd v ilh goal(| 
 cnwt, and tiYcs : but abnut tlir vear 17^5, not lung 
 bel'iire Mr. RoberlH went on Ihnrr, it w.i« inlirely 
 dcleried, lor want of rain, hy all the iiiliabitiint»| 
 I'xceptan old man who reliilvrd 10 die on it, ai lie did 
 the lame year. The droiiyht had been lii cxiieme lot 
 loine time, (hat moil of the cow^ and goats died lor 
 want of fuKcnanee -, but rain lalling, tliry .iMere.-xIcil 
 apace) till about tiirce years uliiward', iliry were 
 again reduced hy an odd accident ' a V leiii li lliip com- 
 ing to filh for tuitle, by llrelt of wcallicr, en luine 
 other meant, left behind lier jo blacks, uliuh Ihn 
 had brought Irum Saint Anthuny'i to carry un tlio 
 fifhery. 
 
 Thefe people linding little elle, fed mollly on wild 
 goatt, till they had dellruyed them all but nine old 
 
 he goatt, which was then on llie inaiul, and Icjit ge- 
 
 ■ . Thcv killt ■ 
 alio moll of the cuwo ( fo that they were at lalt lurced 
 
 nerally upon the northern mountain. Tlicy killed 
 
 to eat ulles. About 16 moiithH alter, an Kiiglilh 
 fhip (bound for the ifle of Mayo, to takr in fait) pcr> 
 cciving the finoke of feveral fires, which llie iicii,rut 
 made, fent her boat on fhorr, and thinking thry might 
 be fome fhip's company wrecked upon the ifland, put 
 in there, and compaflionating their cale, tuok tliem 
 all in, and left them on their own ifland of Si. An- 
 thony's, 
 
 This ftory Roberts had from one of the fame blacks. 
 The St. Nicholas blacks, whom the captain brouijht 
 off in 172a, told him, that there were then nine 
 cows and bulls, and that old he goat abovc-mrn- 
 tiuned, which they had (ievcral iimes ften, and a picat 
 many alTes, but nothing near the number befuicths 
 drought. At that time, a little fcfhoon that was 
 fown a few years before in the v.nlley of Palmiia, was 
 the only vegetable they had for food. Tliis plant 
 thrives there very well. It fheds in Oi5>obi:r oi No- 
 vember, and the feed finding a loft bed in iho valley, 
 lies unhurt till fpring, when it (hoots up again ; and 
 laying hold of the adjacent filk cotton trees, twines 
 round them like hops in England, and is fit to eat 
 about Augufl. The filk cotton itfelf is of no great 
 ufe( only. in feveral of thefe iflands the natives llufl;' 
 bedtwithit: and the author obfervci, that it makes 
 the bcft tinder of any thing he knew in the wcrld : 
 the wood yields a quick blaze, but is not lafling, and 
 when welt dried will quickly take fire by friction. 
 The dates here are as good as any on the coall of Af- 
 frica ; but there is only one of the palm-trees that 
 bear fruit. 
 
 Quantities of land-crabs and turtles arc found 
 thereabouts, like thofe in the Well Indies. And 
 among thelifh, with which this place abounds, there 
 is one fort, (by the blacks called Mear) about the 
 bignefsof acoa, but thicker and much flatter, which 
 will take fait, and cure as well as cod, wbicli the 
 author fays, might be as conveniently faired herca^ at 
 Newfoundland. 
 
 Ambergreafe is often found here in greater quan- 
 tities than upon any of the iflands ( Captain Dam- 
 pier takes notice, that while they Aaid here in 1683, 
 one Coppingcr bought a piece of falfe ambergreafe, be- 
 ing of a dark colour, like fhceps dung, very foft, but 
 had no fmell. One Read, a Brillol man told him 
 once, that he had taken up a piece that fvvam by the 
 fhip's fide at Fogo, which was true ambergreafe, and 
 his mailer had enriched himfcif by buying it there. 
 At Niquibars, the author had been informed, there 
 was fome very good ; but both there, and at the gulph 
 of Florida, from whence much of it comes, the na- 
 tives counterfeits it upon this occafion. The author 
 fays, •• One Mr. Hill, a man of integrity, (hewed 
 him a bit which he (Hill) had from one ^akcr, whom 
 he vouched to he a man of veracity, who found a large 
 piece upon the (hore, a little above high-watermark, 
 in the bay of Honduras. Hill's piece came otf this, 
 5 M . anA 
 
456 
 
 IrOYAGES bF THE ENGJ. isli 
 
 [»M3 
 
 1 i 
 
 i 
 
 J' 
 it I 
 
 ':l^ 
 
 and was given him by Duker. !t was of a dufky co- 
 lour, almoK black, jbuut thr harilnefs of a mellow 
 cnccfe, and «r .i vcri' iVagraiit rnitll. 
 
 Salt is made here iii thc-cicvicjsot' the rocks, with- 
 out art, by the heat of tlie Am. Captain Cowley 
 fays that the Lnglilh Uilps came often thither tii load 
 lalt for the Wcli Indies, and that the fait ponds were 
 hear two miles long. 
 
 There is a iort of fcwl called the Flamingo : thcfc 
 birds are a laree fowl, fliapcd like a herofi, but bi^ 
 ger, and a reddiO) colour. Here they build their nclts, 
 fcraping the niud together, to make little hillocks a 
 foot and a half hi^h from the bottom, and Handing 
 out of the water : they make them broad at bottom 
 but bring them up tapering td the top, where they 
 leave a fmall hollow pit to lay theircggs in ; and both 
 in laying and hatching of them, they Itand with their 
 feet on the ground, and legs in the water, cTofc by 
 the hillixk, againll which, having very long I6gs, 
 they reft, covering the neft with their rumps.' They 
 never lay mofe than two eggs, and feldom fewer. 
 The young ones cannot fly till they are almoin fiill 
 grown, but will run exceeding fad, yet he had ta- 
 ken many of them. The flcfh of both yourig and 
 olJ is lean and black, but very good liieal, tafting nei- 
 ther filhy, nor any ways unfavoury. Their tongues 
 are large, having a gre.1t knob of fat at their root, 
 which is an excellent difli. 't'heyoiing ones are of a 
 light grey, growing darker, as thetf wings fprin* 
 out, but never come to their right colour. Or any 
 beautiful .Oiape, under ten or eleven months old. 
 Thefe birds are very fliy, and therefore hardtoOloot: 
 they keep together in large flocks, feeding in muddy 
 ground, or places where there is little water.-^ 
 
 Bona Vista, or Boa Vifta, lies in fixtecrrdegrees 
 ten minutes north latitude ; ai'id in five degrees tcrur- 
 teen minutes weft longitude from the Cape ; its 
 length, from fouth-eaft to nofth-wcft. Is eighteen 
 leagues ; and breadth from north-eaft to fouth-weft, 
 where it is the broadcft, about fifteen miles. It was 
 fo called by the Portuguefe bccaufe they counted it a 
 good fight, as it was the firft of thefe ilTaads which 
 they difcovereil. 
 
 About forty yeari igo this was thought t6 be the 
 moft plentiful of all the iflands, for cows, goats, hogs, 
 horfes,afl'is,maife, pompions, ftfhoon, water-melons, 
 and potatoes. It fecms, that in 1722, "there were 
 no potatoes growing here, and very little of any 
 thing clfe: the cows were likcwife all dcftroyed, ex- 
 cept about forty, which belonged to the lotd of the 
 foil : but (iiice that. Captain Manuel Domingo got 
 an Englifli fliip to bring him a young bull and an 
 heifer; which. When Mr. Roberts was laft there, 
 were increafed to fcvcn. 
 
 Moft of the inhabitints have goats, the milk of 
 which, helped out with filh and turtle, fupplicd them 
 with food after the famine that happened there. 
 For the reft, their whole dependance was on Eng- 
 lilh fhips which came there to lade, and often hired 
 fome of them to work in (he falt-pans, befides their 
 afles, And blacks to drive them, to bring the felt down 
 to the fea-fidc, for which they pay them in bifcuit, 
 Hour, old cloaths, or whatellc they bring with them 
 for that piirpofe. 
 
 The men generally irfe the European drefs, there 
 being few that have not fuits bought of thr Englifh, 
 and have learned to make up cloaths of their cotton 
 cloths. The women when drclTed, wear cotton 
 cloths, wrapped about them like petticoats ; and tied 
 w''''> agirdle above the hips, and fometimes without 
 a girdle, the corner of the cloth onfy tucked in. 
 Their fhifts arc made like a man's fhirt, birt are cut 
 off fo fhort, that they do not reach low enough to tie 
 under their girdJe. The waiftband^, colkir and neck 
 of the better fort, cfpetiaify the younger ones,- have 
 fi'^ures wrought with a needle in filk of many 
 colours i but the poorer, particularly the older fort, 
 take up with blue cotton thread for this work. Over 
 their Ihifts they wear a jacket, with fleeves to button 
 at the arms not jbjvc f^ur incites deep in the back 
 
 part, but long enough before to tie with firings under 
 their breafts : and over all a cotton cloth, by way of 
 mantle, which the mairicd women generally chufcofa 
 Que colour, and the darker the blue, the richer it 
 is reckoned : but the maidens, and gay young 
 wives or widows, wear blue and white ones, fome 
 figured, as they call it, others fnotted. All this time 
 the women wear no fhtx-s nor ftockings, except very 
 (cw', and thofe only on holidays 1 but fome of the 
 men arc fo ufed to both, that they can as little endure 
 to go bare-foot, as ahy body.. But though they ap- 
 peared drefTed but in fuch order on holidays, yet on 
 all othc days, both men and women are in a manner 
 naked : the wtfmen only wearing a fmall cotton cloth 
 wrapped rouiid their waift which reaches to their 
 khees i ahd the men nothing but the rclicks of an 
 old pair of breeches. They are very lazy, both men 
 aifd Women ; and though this ifland yields more cot- 
 ton than all the reft put together, the flirubs crowing 
 iii tommon, yet it is the worft market of all, both for 
 fcarcity and dearnefs of cloths : for they will neither 
 gather the cotton till they know of a (hip or vefTel to 
 buy it, nor will their women fpin, but juft as they 
 want ; fothat when the cotton fcafon is over, therein 
 fcarce one hundred weight to be got, although, the 
 author fays,' he is certain they might gather yearly,- 
 More than a good (hip's catKO. 
 
 This ifland affords good fait; and the autho^ madez 
 cargocof falthere,in the month of Augutt,during their 
 rainy feafon, when the roat) was fo wet and flippery,- 
 that the affes had much ado to carrry it down to the 
 (hip. The rain having melted all thrc fait in the pans, 
 the natives whom Captain Roberts had emjiloyed to 
 get him a cargo, cleared rhe pans 6f the rain-water, 
 and filled them up with pickle ; and in aboOt three 
 week's time he got fait enough made and heaped up. 
 This idand likewife yields Indico, which, growing 
 fpontaneouOy, as the cotton does, they can have it 
 only for the pains of gathering. The misfortune is,' 
 that they have not the art of fepararinz the tinflure^ 
 or making irhat is called the (tone blue, as in the 
 Weft Indies, &c. but only pound the leaves of the 
 (hrubs while green, with a wooden peftle and mortar,' 
 for want of mills to grind (hem ; reducing^ it to a 
 kind of pap, which they form into thick round cakes, 
 or balls, and lay it to dry for ufe. 
 
 The vegetable (K)ne is more frtciuently met with 
 here than in the reft of the ifland-; : it (hoots in ftems, 
 like the head of a cauliflower, or as the coral does, 
 but is more porous, and of a greyifh colour, much 
 like the ftones generated from (hells. Some little 
 ambergreafe was found here, but it was dangerous deal- 
 ing for it, the inhabitants generally adulterating it 
 with a fort of jelly, or excremenr caft on (hore there. 
 This ifland yields to that of Sal, foffifti, all about j' 
 except at the rock called John Letton, where they 
 arc fls plentiful a^ at du Sal, and there is no want 
 any where. 
 
 Captain Roberts obferved, that the people of Bona 
 Vifta naturally love the Englifh, and can fpeak 
 moft ef them a little of the language j and even fome 
 of thtf women made (hift to underfiand him in it. 
 The ifland is° for the moft part low land, but hak 
 fome rocks, fandy hills, and mountains. 
 
 Mayo lies in the latitude fifteen dccgrees twelve 
 minutes north, and longitude five degrees iwenty-nint 
 minutes weft from Cape Verde. It bears from Bona 
 VifVafouth-by-weft wefterlyv about fourteen leagues'. 
 This low land, for the moft part rs like the former, 
 ■but is diftinguiOied by three mountains^ the fouth- 
 eaftermoft, which is the higheft, being called Pinofa 5 
 the northermoft, St. Antonio. I'his ifland lies 
 about forty miles eaft-by-fouth, from St. NichoL'. i 
 it is about feven leagues in circumference, of a 
 roundifti form, with many fmall rocky points (hoot- 
 ing out into the fea a mile or more. There are two 
 hiMs on this ifland of a confiderable hrighth : one 
 pretty blufl^, the other peaked at top. The reft of 
 the ifland is pretty level, and of a ^ood heighth ffom 
 the f«a. I'he flMfc all round has landy ba^j between 
 
 th« 
 
«?23 
 
 ] 
 
 Td THE CAPE VERDE ISLANDS. 
 
 r-'7 
 
 the rock and the points. Tlic whole ifland is very 
 dry, and generally barren, the bcft of it being but 
 tery indiftlrcnt foil. Tlic fliips that lade lalt here 
 will be obliiicd to touch at St. J;igo for water ; for at 
 the b.iy there is none, not fo much as for drinking. It 
 is true there is a fniall well of brackifh water not half 
 a mile from ilie landing place, which the aflbs that 
 carry fait drink at ; but it is very bad water. In the 
 j;encral drought, Mayo fufFered as much as Bona Vifta, 
 yet they have more cows, and thcfe generally thebeft 
 and fattcft on all the iflands. They hace alfo nioft 
 Of them goats. They have fewer filh than at Bona 
 Vitta, and but a fmall quantity of turtle. Kigs, and 
 water-melons are their chief fruits. 'I'hey have alfo 
 calavances (a fort of pulfe like French beans) and 
 pompions for ordinary food. There are alfo fome 
 trees within the ifland, but none to be feen neat the 
 fea-fide, nothing but a few bufhes fcattcring up and 
 down againft the fides of adjacent hills ; for the land 
 is pretty high from the fea; 
 
 Though the inhabitants of Mayo never had the 
 loth part of the cotton that Bona Vifta hadj and left 
 a great deal of that for want of rain, yet they have 
 ftill more than enough for their own ufe, but are very 
 idle in regard to its improvement. There is alfo a filk 
 cotton found here; it grows on the fandy banks that 
 t>ens in the fait ponds, on tender flirubs three or four 
 foot high, in pods as big as an apple, but of a long 
 fliape, which, when ripe, open at one end, parting 
 ]eifurely into four quartetsj and at the fird openings the 
 totton breaks out of it. There are many forts of fmall 
 birds and fowl in Mayo ; as pigeons and turtle doves ; 
 Ininiotas; a fort of land-fowls, as big as cows, of a 
 verygrcycolouri which are good food ; crufia?, another 
 fort of grey-coloured fowls, almoll as bij^ as a crow, 
 which are only feen in the nightj (probably a foitof 
 <>wls) are faid to be good forconfumptivc pcopk-, but 
 eaten by none elfe. Rabeke, a fort of large, grey, 
 eatable fowls, with long necks and legs, nut unlike 
 herons. Here are alfo great curlews and Guinea 
 hens, which the natives of thefe iflands call Gallena 
 Pintata, or the Painted Henj called at Jamaica the 
 Guinea Henj where they love the dry favannahs and 
 woods; They feem to be much of the natutc of par- 
 tridges, are bigger than Englifh hens, have long leg'', 
 and will run apace, but cannot fly far, having large 
 heavy bodies, with fhort wings and tails. They are 
 fo (Irong that one cannot hold them, and are very 
 hardy. They hive thick and (Irong, yet (harp beaks, 
 but pretty long claws : their necks are long and 
 (lender, their heads alfo but little. The cock bird has 
 a fmall rifing on his crown in manner of a comb, of a 
 dry walnut-(hell colour, and very hard ; he has a 
 fmall red gill on each fide of his head like cars, ftrut- 
 ting eut downwards^ but the hens have none. The 
 feathers of thcfe birds are fpecklcd with dark and light 
 grey, in fmall round fpots, very regular and uniform. 
 They feed either on vvorms, Which they find by taring 
 t>pen the earthy or elfe on grafs-hoppcrs, which are 
 plentiful here. They are very good meat, fwect and 
 tender^ the flc(h in fome very white, but in others 
 black J however, both forts are very good. The na- 
 tives run them dov/n cafily with dogs. 
 
 The fea is plentifully flocked with fi(h of many 
 forts, viz< dolphins, buncttas, mullets, fnappers, 
 filvcr iifli^ &c. And here is a good bay to haul a line 
 ©r net inj as the author found often by experience, 
 dragging on (horeat one time fix dozen of great fifh, 
 moft of them large mullets of a foot and a half, or 
 two foot long. Here are alfo porpoif>.s, and a fmall 
 fort of whales, that commonly vifit this road. In 
 Mav, June, July, and Auguft, fays Dampicr, a fort 
 of fniall tortoifc come hither to lay tituireggs : but' 
 thcfe turtles are not (o fwect as thofu in the Weft In- 
 dies. Befides the abovemi'iiiionc'd produ<£)ions, there 
 is fome little indico to be met with in this ifland, and 
 (iimetimes fmall quantities of ambcrgrcife are found. 
 VVc are told, that the inliahitnntsfalt thv llefti of goats, 
 and export it in cafks, drelfiiig the flcins very ne.tly 
 in the nature of I'uikcy le,it|>er. And it is faid, 
 
 5 
 
 that 5000 of thefe (kins are yearly carried into other 
 parts. But the chief commodity of this ifland is faltj 
 and Mayo is the moft noted of all the iflands for it by 
 the Englifti, many uf their (hips lading here in the 
 fummer. , 
 
 Mr. Roberts tells usj there are two roads in the 
 ifl.-ind for (hips to ride; bifides fcveral little coves, 
 where a boat might run in, but not worth farther no- 
 tice. Dainpier fays the inhabitants li^e near the bay, 
 in the middlcof the ifle, in three linall tOAns, (hav- 
 ing a church and prieft in each ;} which, as he was 
 informed, are fix or fcven miles from the rond, on the 
 weft fide (or Englilh road) Pinofa is faid to be the 
 chief town, and to have two churches. St. John's 
 the next, and the third Lagoa. The houfcsarc very 
 mean, fmall« low things. They build with fig-trees^ 
 here being, as the author was told, no other trees fit 
 for the purpofe; the rafters are a fort of wild canes. 
 The natives, even their governors and priefts, arc all 
 woolly haired like theirAfrican neighbours, from whoni 
 they probably dcfcended ; though being fubje£t to the 
 Portugucfc, they have their religion and language. 
 They are ftout, lufty, well-limbed people, both nieii 
 and women, fat and flelhyi they and their children 
 being very round and plump : though r.t the fame 
 time the ifland appears fo barren to a ftrunger, as fcarce 
 to have food for its inhabitants ; who, as Dampier 
 upon enquiry was told by one of the people, amounted 
 to no more than 230 perfons. 
 
 Captain Roberts obfcrvcs, that thefe iflandcrs arc 
 much the fame with thofe of Bona Vifta, but not 
 fo well affciiUd to the Englifh, and they drelsjuft aS 
 the Bonavil^ans do ; but that few of tliciti have any 
 holiday cloaths at all. When he was there in 1722, 
 their number was computed at fomething above 200 : 
 they were chiefly blacks, and the moft hard-featured 
 of all their neighbours ; having but few mulattoes, 
 and no whites at all among them. 
 
 The people of Mayo live very poorly, yet much 
 better than the inhabitants of any other of thefe 
 iflands, St. Jago excepted. They depend fof their 
 trade and fubnftance, chiefly on the Englifli, who, 
 in return for their afliftance in lading the fait, give 
 them vii^uals, fome money, and old cloaths, viz. 
 hats, (hirts, and other things, by which means man^ 
 of tbcm ate indiftisrently well cloathed ; but fome of 
 them go dpoft naked. All the iflandcrs are at that 
 time, fully employed in getting fomething or another ; 
 for they have no vcflel of their own to trade with, nor 
 do any Portugucfe (hips come hither, or fcarce any 
 but Englift), for whom they have a particular va- 
 lue. 
 
 When the feafon for turtles comes in, they watch 
 the fanJy bays in the night to take them, havifig 
 fmall huts, -at particular places on the bays to keep 
 them from the rain, and to flcep in. This is another 
 harvcft they have for food ; for by itport, there cctncs 
 a great many turtle to this and the other Cape Verde 
 iflaiuls. When the turtle ftafon is over, they hare 
 little to do but hunt for Guinea Hens, and manajJe 
 their fmall plantations. By thefe tncans they have all 
 the year (omc employment or other, whereby they 
 ^et a lubfiltancf, though but little elfe. When any 
 of them arc dtfirous to go over to St. J-i^o, they ob- 
 tain a licence from the governor j and dchre palTage in 
 any Englilh fliip. The pirates have often landed ou 
 this ifland, and canicdoff" not only cattle, but fchle 
 of the inhabitants. 
 
 (In 1683, there came about a week before Dampier 
 arrived here, an Englilh (hip, the men of which going 
 on (horc, under pretence of fricndfliip, feized on the 
 governor, with fame others, and carfying them on 
 boaid, m-tde them fend to land for cattle to ranfome 
 their liberties ; yet after this, they failed away with 
 them, and polfibly never brought them back a-iain. 
 The En!;li(hman who did this vile iiiflion was one 
 Captain Bond, of Briftol, who, with moft of his 
 men, u cnt over afterwards to the Spaniards, and had 
 like to ii:tve burnt the fliip Dampier was in, in the 
 bay of Panama). 
 
 St. 
 
4r9 
 
 VOVAGES OF tHE ENGLISH 
 
 [172^. 
 
 I 
 
 i^ ' 
 
 1 
 
 St. Jaoo, or St. James's, is by fomc faii! to be 
 in length about 45 leagues; in bicadth 10 ; in 
 circumference 95. Others make its length about 
 30 leagues, fouth-caft and north- well, and its breadth 
 10, cult north-cad, and weft fouth-wcll. It lies four 
 or five leagues to the weftward of Mayo, and is the 
 chief, the mod fruitful, and bed inhabited of all the 
 i.lands of Cape Verde, yet mountainous, and has 
 much barren land in it. Captain Roberts obl'ervcs 
 that in the rainy fealon, this more flckly than the 
 red, and dangerous to itrangcrs. At that time there 
 were not many places in Guinea, except Cacheu, more 
 (ickly than bt. Jago ; its unhealthinefs being liich, 
 that it may pioperly bocompared to where the plague 
 rages. 'I'hc fouth-cad end of this ifland is flat land, 
 but all the red, except Campo dc Terrafal, rifes in 
 mountains. Peak Antonio is the highed, lying near 
 the middle, and at the didanceof three or four leagues, 
 but not nearer, ihews if felf above the red, on either 
 fide of the ifland. When you make the higl) hill of 
 Terrafal to the cadward or wedward, it (hews at (ird 
 like an ifland, till you are nigh enough to raife the 
 low land, called the Campo, which joins it to the 
 reft. Here the Portuguefe fettled fird, finding it not 
 only the largtd, but the moft fruitful of them all ; as 
 having the bed feafons, and confequently thebeftpaf- 
 turc, and grcated variety of fruits, an J is refrefhed 
 with pleafant rivulets. Their chief land animals are 
 their bullocks, which, according to account, are 
 faid to be many ; though they aflced 20 dollars a piece 
 for them. They have alfo horl'es, alTes, and mules, 
 deer, goats, hogs, and black-faced long-tailed mon- 
 keys. There are civet cats here ; and that the mon- 
 keys are the bed proportioned that are any where feen. 
 Roberts fays that St. Jago alone, of all the Cape de 
 Verde illands produces this creature, and that they 
 may be had in all parts of it. There are ^reat num- 
 bers of fmall oxeni hogs and goats on the ifland 
 
 The fowls were cocks and hens, both tame and wild ; 
 paraquites, parrots, pigrons, turtle doves, herons, 
 hawks, and curlews, abound here. There is plenty 
 of maifc, fcflioon, Guinea corn, plantains, bananas, 
 and pompions, for necefTary provifions } and for de- 
 light, there grow good oranges (both fweet and four) 
 lemons, tamarinds, pine-apples, mufk, and water- 
 mellons, and mandyokes, and cocoa-nuts in abun- 
 dance, hefides guavas, cudard or ftar-apnie ; fugar- 
 canes alfo grow-here, but they make little fugar, con- 
 tenting themfelves with molalTes ; they have likewife 
 fome grapes ; and the author thinks, as well as the 
 natives, that vines would do here very well, but for 
 reafonsof date, the king of Portugal-does not fuffir 
 them to make wine. [Ovington fays there are but few 
 vines, and no wine made ; ail they drink coming from 
 Madeira : others fay from Liflion. The fame au- 
 thor adds cedars to the trees ; and fays the European 
 herbs and plants grow very well here, but muft be 
 renewed every year.] They have plenty of cotton 
 growing up in the country whnrewith they cloath 
 themfelves, and fend alfo to Brafil. The cuftard ap- 
 ple mentioned above, among the fruit, is as big as a 
 pomegranate, and much of the fame colour. The 
 outfide coat is for fubdance and thicknefs, between 
 the fliell of a pomegranate, and the peel of a Seville 
 orange, fofter than this, yet more bitter than that, 
 and is remarkable for b^ini; regularly fludded round 
 with knobs. Within it is full of whitt foft pulp, fweet 
 and pleafant, moft refembling a cuftard of anything, 
 both in colour and tafte (whence it is named by the 
 linglifli.) It has, in the middle, afcw black dones, 
 or kernels, but no core, for it is all pulp. I'he tree 
 that bares it, is about the bignefs of a quince-trcci 
 with longfinall branches, thick let, and veiy fprcad- 
 ing. The fruit grows hanging down with its own 
 weight, at the extremities of the branches upon ftalks, 
 kbout nine or ten inches long, flender and tough, but 
 large trees do not bear above twenty or thirty 
 apples. 
 
 This fruit grows in mod countries within the tro- 
 pics. They have bccu fccn all ever the Wilt In- 
 
 dies, both continent and iflands, as alfo ?.t Hrafil, and 
 in tlic liaft Indies, 'i'hc papah is found in ali their 
 countries. It is a fruit about the bigmfs of a mulk 
 mellon, hollow as that is, and much reli-inbling it m 
 fhnpe and colour, both out and infide; only in tlie 
 middle thefe have a handful of finall blackith kah, 
 about the bigncfs of a piipper-corn, tading hot alfo, 
 fomething like pepper. I'he fruit is fweet, foft and 
 lufcious, when ripe) but while green, hard and un- 
 lavory : yet their being boiled, it fcrvts by way of 
 turnips to fait beef, and is equally eliccmcd. 1 lie 
 papah-tree is about ten or twelve feet high ; the bo- 
 dy near the ground may be a foot and a half, or two 
 feet diameter, and goes up tapering to the top. It 
 has no branch at all, but only laige leaves, growing 
 immediately from the body ujicn ftalks^ wliicli are 
 longer as they grow farther from the top, 'i'hc leaves 
 are of aroundiih form, with jagged edges. Thef 
 begin to fprout out about fix or iuven feet high from 
 the ground; whence upward they grow thicker and 
 larger, and at top are quite clofe and broad. The 
 fruit grows only among leaves, and thickeft among 
 the thickeft of them : fo that towards the top they 
 are thick, as they can ftick by each other i but are no 
 bigger than an ordinary turnip : the larger fruit be- 
 fore detcribed growing lower down, where the leaves 
 are thinner. The dux at St. Jago is the fame as at 
 Mayo, and the reft of thefe iilands. 
 
 Captain Roberts fays, there is abundance of that 
 marcafite, which the Portuguefe call Bcur d'Ore^ 
 which is generallv opake, though fome is a little 
 tranfparent. In the Ihade it calls a dark bluei/h of 
 purple colour, but when brought into the fun, it 
 (hews the colour of gold, and apiiears very bright and 
 glittering. The author was informed by fbinc gen- 
 tlemen, who had redded for a time in fcveral parts of 
 Brafil, and had converfcd with people concerned in 
 the mines there, that there was certainly a gold minCf 
 wherever any great quantity of this beur d'ore was 
 found i the fame gentleman likewife told him, that 
 the colour made with this marcafite looked as well 
 as gilding. Another fodil is a very curious red 
 done (or ocher) which is found here in a hill, on the 
 north fide : It is very much like chalk in i^nglandt 
 but fofter and fomething heavier than powder, when 
 fcra|)cd off with a knife, feeling as line as the fineft 
 flour. It runs in veins, and next the furface is a 
 common rock, which growing fofter by degrees ap- 
 pears variegated, till you come to a vein ot a brim- 
 ftone colour. This covers one of a f.iinter yellow, 
 which is fucceeded by a fleih colour. I'he red pre- 
 vailing in the next, grows fuller in one under it; 
 after which the true vein appears of a deep but bright 
 and lively red. He was (liewn at Terrafal, a kindof 
 yellowilh, grey -coloured, luminous rock, full of 
 (hining fparkles, which gliftencd in the fuu-beamt 
 like cryftal. 
 
 This ifland enjoys the privilege of being the port 
 of clearance for all (liips trading to the northward of 
 Sierra Lcona to Guinea. [We are told the ifland of 
 St. Jago was formerly inhabited by the Portuguefe, 
 who Wire baniihcd to this place for murders, tliefts, 
 and other villainies : and Captain Cornwall fays, they 
 are no better than tranfports, who intermixing with 
 a race of people from their plantations in Guinea, 
 have but a very faint refemblance in perfon, a coarle 
 afHnity of language, and a natural indolence to avouch 
 for their original, being grown perfect mulatl'^s, tall, 
 but not well-proportioned, eljpecially the women, who 
 have alfo large lips, flat bodies, and vicious inclina- 
 tions, t>eing as infamous for levity as deformity. By 
 this courfe amongft their flaves, which are Guinea 
 negroes, the people kre in general become black, or 
 at letilt of a mixed colour, except only fome few of 
 a better fort, viz. the governor, the bi(hop, and foino 
 of the gentlemen and priefts ; they arc faid to be a poor, 
 lazy, ignorant fort of people, and by religion Roman 
 Catholics, as they are told; but that their ignorance 
 and ftupidity is fuch, that they know little more than 
 the name of religion. The negroes here wear only 
 6 a roll 
 
 L 
 
>7^3'1 
 
 TO THE CAPE VERDE ISLANDS. 
 
 m 
 
 a roll of linen aliont tlicir heinl's, nnci a wairtcoat (or 
 barrnfool) maik- «( liliic aivl wliitc' ftrlpcd or clurk- 
 qucrcd cotton. I Ic was toKI, thefi- were a good com- 
 modity upon thj ;^i)ldcn coaft of Guinea. 
 
 A !;reat nunihtr of young blacks are brougfit up 
 at St. Jago lor the priellhood j and as focMi as tin y 
 have reColvcd to be fucli, tlicy make an intcn.iV fhr 
 uliial way, by friends, prefents, 5(i;. to one of the 
 dlgnitaiies of th'- church, who takes than iiniler liis 
 tuition; and ^.fler fnnie fime paft, with little or no 
 p.uns i.iktn in their iulliui5lion, prcfents them wiih a 
 ferious difcouifc ronccrning the dignity, iniponance, 
 and great difficulties of the facerdotal funi5lion, takes 
 a fulenin cnuat^enicnt of their tradable behaviour, 
 and gives them bis blrfTlng. This entitles them to 
 put on a (ludcnt's habit, which is a long caflbck, and 
 a cioak, both of iiKick bays ; and purclialii g a Latin 
 grammar, and fome catcchiftical books of the firll 
 rudiments of tlieir religion, they labour hard to get 
 all they can by heart, to be qualified for difpuling 
 and bandy. ng quellious out of them, for which pur- 
 pofe they meet in fomcihady ftreet in the evening: 
 but their highelt grainmalic.il contefts fcldom rife 
 above the declenfions of nouns, few of them ever be- 
 ing fo deep learned as to be able to form a verb thro' 
 all the moods and tenfes. As foon as they have made 
 a ftiffirient progrefs in thefe books, they pafs a fecond 
 examination before the bifliop ; who grants a licnce 
 to the highcft for reading fome hi'.'her compofition*. 
 And after fume time fpnit in the f.imc kiii<l ctf cxer- 
 cifes as bt fori', they arc ex.imined out ol thefe books 
 a third time bv the palaftre, who is vicar-general, and 
 firO jud'!;c of t.'c inquifition, and dignified with the 
 tiiic of Doctor Theoldgiic, thnigh, puhaps, he 
 knows little of it. This officer gives a certific.Tt 
 of the feveral qualifications of the candidates, the 
 tenor of which depends pretty much upt.n the fize of 
 the prcfents, ice. made him ; and aerordin'; to this 
 certificate, the bidi <\> pivcs the ord. nation of the 
 loweff <'rder, or fiibd' aeon ; and takes an oath of le- 
 crefy from tliem, as well with regard to thofe myde- 
 ries (which as vet were none of the higheft) they 
 have already learned, as alfo all thofe they Ihall be 
 hereafter admitted to. Here thev continue till merit 
 or interelf fits ih'em to receive ttie fecond deg?*e or 
 kjrder, namely, of the Evmgclic. Thus dignified, 
 they have liberty to read and perufe the liturgy, and 
 may officiate in alTifting of niafs-priefts, by reading 
 of epifH.-s and gofpels ; and when regularly qualified, 
 their chief bufiiiefs is to make all the intereit they can 
 to get a bv'nefice. 
 
 Captain Roberts, failed round this idand, and vi- 
 fited all the ports, of which \\c meet with two ac- 
 counts : one in the journal of his voyage; the Other 
 in the defcription of the iflands. We (hall infert both 
 here; the firft is <lelivcrcd in thefame order that he 
 performed that little navigation. From the Fuarno, 
 on the cad-fidc of St. Philips, he eroded (iver to the 
 bay of Rivera das nharkas, \,: St. J.igo. There he 
 recruited his water, and toncluded to go about the 
 fiorth-end of the idand for Mayo; which though 
 fcemingly the longer, he knew to be the (hotter way 
 thither. Hence, therefore, he failed to the hay of Ri- 
 vera de I'rata (or Plata) and flopping there a lee-tide, 
 the next windward -tide got to port Terrafall. 
 'I'heiice, with a windward tide, he reathtd Porto Ka- 
 ciendo. Next in one tide he made a bav, which 
 having no name, he caUed Porto .Signora Jorge. 
 Hence he met witH Signora Ihuifs. This is a finall 
 bay, with a great many rocks right againft it of dil- 
 feient fi/.es ; the larg( ft not above two ttones call in 
 length, and moft of them above water, extending 
 from the fhore about half a league. This made the 
 entrance difficult; but when entered he found a fafe, 
 plea(;tnt running-in behind the point, about a good 
 cable's length wide; fron) which you could (:e no 
 fca. But w.is land-locked from all winds, and from 
 five to three' fathom wnter, a Ibrt of fand and ooze 
 mixed. 
 
 The fame dav, getting round the Uighude, or 
 
 Vol. L Ne 
 
 3S- 
 
 north-ealf point of the irt.ind about nnnn, the wiiul 
 eh;'n;.'iiig m the evening l;r ( iw Monte I'inefo i n tho 
 iile of Mayo. From Calyeic in Mayo lie return;il ti 
 St. Jago, and fell in witiialar^)e fine bay to thd 
 foiiihwaid of it; whieli hr railed Porto Sine Nom.a, 
 lie anchoied (m the hi;'li l.aid on the northern or 
 wtaiher fide of the b.iv in a lutie findv ccne; when; 
 fi)uiiding with a tlonc fl.inp to a filbiiigline, he found 
 it prcify deep, and wis within a ll.inc'.s calt of tliB 
 Itrand In fore he had ground. There was a l.ii;',e beat li 
 of fmall pebbles, a fi;',n of elean gi'ouiul, hut flic 
 land was lo high, tli ',t it ir.ade an eddy wMid blow 
 right into the bay; whieh iiu reafeil in pn poitioii to 
 tlii'!;aleon (hole, as the fun (kclincd. lien wed out 
 iliere to gel into the true wind, and run dovMi lo 
 Potto Formcfa, and from thence wi.h the fame wind 
 down to the bay of St. J ago, thence down Hill to 
 Porto M'adira. Here he moorevi wiih his anchor 
 off, and a rope faft to .i rock, wliuii w.is like a quay, 
 having twelve foot at lou water il'>a to it. ') here 
 being no inhabitants ne..i t!ie port, and luit indiUVr- 
 < nt ro.ad from thence to the villaji-, he coafti d itill 
 down to Praya I'ormof.i ; and touehing time and at 
 St. Domingo, from thence p:cci.di,l 'o Pttt > Lobo, 
 from whence he rodu to the toAii, whi. 1; u twenty 
 miles by bind, bad \, ly : v.'bfii-c, i:i ciilccurfc with 
 Signor Pedro HidJeravella, ; fcirtaining, tl'.at Pi rto 
 I.oho, was a more ficure puit than Cal)tle, (.fpetially 
 in the ftiifling wind leafon, that gentUiuan told him, 
 that Calyete was always reckoned the lulcll port m all 
 St. Jago'. 
 
 Prom Porto Lobo he ran down th'. coaft taking a 
 view of tile bav of St. Fr.mcilVo and Portate, and 
 being ftiort of dayli'i.lit to go lo Caljete, he anchored 
 at Villa d- P:aya till next morning, and then ran to 
 Calyete: li.it expecting a fouthcni v.ind in a lilt'i: 
 lime, he halb-ned to gr t to the caft fiJe of the illand : 
 b;'c:iuii from lhen,-c be etuild not oiil\ b.ttcrfail with 
 a loutheilv or welterly wind, but the loaus are fafeft 
 allii, for iliere is not one road on the lec-lide of the 
 illarul where a man can ri.Ie in falVtv, wi'h a weft- 
 erlv, or fi:uth-\vcft wind, except Calyete St. iM .rtin : 
 but then you cannot get out with tbufe winds ; which 
 however are the only winds you have to carry you 
 up to the windward illands. 
 
 From thence therefore, he went back to Porto 
 Praya, which lies near the foulh-weft point of St. 
 Jago, is the firft and moft noted port, being 
 drninguillied from the reft by its pleafant prolpe<!L 
 The town and fort, ftands on a pretty high flat land 
 in the middle of the b.ay, with a valley on each fide, 
 diverfified with cocoa nuts and palm trees. The beft 
 riding is beyond the iiland on the north-weft fide of 
 the bay : whieh however, in the cpen part, is clean 
 fandy clay from fifteen to five or fix fathoms, but 
 within that tough ooze to three fathoms, and then 
 fand again : there is good watering here. About 
 two leagues from Praya, Weft- north- weft, lies 
 Calyete St. Martin, a narrow cove not above a 
 cable's length l:ro;id, and runs i'l from the wcfter- 
 mol) point :diout a quarter of a mile, having fixtecii 
 or eighteen foot water within, you mooie with an 
 anchor off, and a ftern fift on ftiore tu a tree in the 
 middle of the beach, which is full of fmall ftoncs. 
 there you lie feciueall the rainy leafon, anJ n\av water 
 alfo. You muft take a black .'n board at Porto 
 E'raya to flic w you the |)lace, being hard to find, 
 although, there is no d:'.nger, but what you may fic. 
 'l"hc auihar in his voyage obkrves, that in the rainy 
 feafon this is the ficklieft part of all the ifland. From 
 Calycic to the city, (that i-:, Rebeira Grande ; or 
 St. Jago) 'is .about four miles bv land, pretty level, 
 but very ftony way. Betcre the city, whieh lies 
 about a Ic.tgue by fea to the nottli-w :ftward of 
 Calyete is a very ordinary toad, being fo very 
 foul, that it is much if vou lie there any time, but 
 you cut your cable, or hook your anchor in the rocks, 
 and leave it behind. Scvei-al veft'cis have been loft in 
 this road^ which is the reafi.n that of late it has been 
 frequented bv few, except Porluguife. The Dutcli 
 
 5N 
 
 formcil/ 
 
4rt 
 
 Voyages (jf ti^e English 
 
 [>7»3- 
 
 formerly touched here for refrcftiments : but lately 
 Porto Praya only hath been ufcd. 
 
 River oc Plata is a very good bay, all clean ground, 
 in what depth you picafe, from three and a half to 
 twelve or fourteen fati)oms : and it i» a better place to 
 water at than Porto Praya, the dream running down 
 to the Ica-fidc, where you may roll a calk into the 
 river, anil fill it at the bung, without ul'ing bucket 
 or funnel. You have all forts of refrcfliments here, 
 as fruit, roots, fowls, goats and cows, much cheaper 
 than at Port Praya, or the city. He had fecnamuch 
 better cow fold here for 2500 reas, than you could 
 h:ive for 6cco, or eight dollars, at Porto Praya ; and 
 maifc is as dear aj^ain there as here. 
 
 The next confulerable port is Tcrrafal, but yields 
 no conimo<li:ics for trade; and though it is a good road 
 when in, excepting in the fliifting wind feafon, yet 
 the tunilnj; up into it is very troublefomc. The next 
 is Piirto Facicndo, a large bay there, right jppoHte 
 the hcnch, from ten to four fathoms water. 
 
 There are feveral coves and little bi ■ betwixt this 
 road and the Kilchude, which is the northcrmoft 
 point of St. Jago. This town is known by its 
 churches, which arc white- waflied, and covered with 
 Kd pantiles, and Hand oppofitc the middle of the bay, 
 on a riling ground, with a valley in its fouth and north 
 fide, well planted with cocoa-nut and palm-trees. 
 'I'he bay is clean fandy ground, and affords fafc an- 
 choring in ten or twelve fathoms water. A little to 
 the northward of the church there commonly runs a 
 gieat fea along fliore, which is fandy. This is one 
 of themo.1 plentiful places of St. Jago, for whatever 
 the ifl.ind produces ; and the people are very froc, like 
 thofc of St. John's. In coafting along lie met with 
 feveral verv good bays and harbours. 
 
 Captain Roberts faw ail the places ahovementioned, 
 except one of the St. Domingo's, which is a village 
 12 miles within land from St. Jago. The city of St. 
 Jago (or Ciudad de Rebeira Grande) lies three leagues 
 to the wellw.ird of Praya. Dampier puts it on the 
 fouth-wcll part of the ifle, and in the latitude of 15 
 degrees north : but Captain Cornwall obferved it to 
 lie in i; degrees five minutes. This town (lands 
 fc.itterinj; againil the fides of two mountains, between 
 which there is a deep valley, about 200 yards wide 
 ag.viaft the fea : but within a quarter of a mile it dofes 
 up to as not to be 40 yards wide. With rogard to the 
 river in the valley by the fea, there is a ftraggling 
 llreet, with houfcs on each fide, and a run of water 
 in the bottom, which empties itfelf into a fine fmall 
 cove, or fandy bay, where the fea is commonly very 
 fmooth ; fo that there is good watering and good land- 
 ing at any time, though the road be rocky and bad for 
 Ihips. 
 
 The town confifts of two or three hundred houfi-s, 
 all built with rough ftones, having alfo one convent 
 and one church. Philips makes the number of houfes 
 about 200, and fays there is a convent, a nunnery, 
 and .1 good large church near the calHe. This doubt- 
 lefs, is the cathedral, which Roberts tells us is a fine 
 building : bcfides which, there was a conviint of Cor- 
 dclici friars, who, it feems, are the only men on thefe 
 idands who conftantly eat frefli-bakcd and fermented 
 wheatcn bread, the flour being fcnt them yearly from 
 Portugal. They had very fine gardens ftored with fal- 
 Liding, and the bcft fruit on the ifland} and made a 
 cut from the rivulet of Rebeira (jrande, to bringthe 
 ilrcam through their gardens, from whence the water 
 was likewife conveyed almoil to every part of the 
 houfo, which was next to the cathedral, formed the 
 bcft profpcift in or about the city. 
 
 Dampier obferved when he was at St. Jago, that 
 juft by the landing-place, there wasafmall lort, al- 
 moll level with the fea, where was always a court of 
 guard kept. On the top of the hill above the town, 
 there was another fort, which, by the wall that is 
 feen f[pm the road, feems to be a large place. They 
 had can >n mounted there, but how many he knew 
 not, iKither what ufe that fort ean be of» cxaept for 
 fiiutcs. 
 
 Another author fays, the number of guns is about 
 12, that the caftle itands on the hill, onthecaftfidc 
 of the town, and makes a pretty good (hew at fea. 
 After this,' he furveyed the tarrifon more Icifurely, 
 and obferved about eight (mail houfes in it ready to 
 tumble. On the brovv of the hill was a little brcall- 
 work, thro' which peeped fix fmall iron minion gun.', 
 fo much out of order, that they were ready to drop out 
 of their carriages. Thefe are the half dozen fmall 
 pieces near the water-fide, on the brow of a precipice 
 overlooking the haveii. 
 
 St. Philips's ifland was difcovercd by the Portu- 
 guefeon the fir(tof May, being St. Philip's and Ja- 
 cob's day; and as St. Jago took the name of one 
 faint, this ifland took the name of the other ; Mayo 
 receiving its denomination from the month, all three 
 having been difcovered at the fame time. However, 
 St. Philips commonly goes by the name of the ifland 
 of Tuego, or Fire, being fo called by all the Eng- 
 li(h voy.tgers, except Roberts. 7'he north eaft point 
 of it lies about 16 leagues, from the point of Icrra- 
 fal in St. Jago, which mutually bear weft fouth-weft, 
 and eaft north-eaft. It is in the latitude of 15 do* 
 grees, 20 minutes, north, and longitude fix dtgrcci? 
 54 minutes weft, from the Cape dc Veide. The idand 
 of St. Philip and St. John, being very little, or not 
 at all ufed by the Englilh (hipping, 'rhc fea draughts 
 give but a very imperfeifl defcription of them ; that 
 the waggoners and pilots of thofe parts are every whit 
 as mucii or more defcftive, making them both very 
 dangerous, and the ifland of St. Philip in particular 
 to have few or no inhabitants, and the roads or an- 
 choring place very bad, which the author found to be 
 falfe. 
 
 I'his ifland is much higher than any of the Cape 
 de Verde iflands, and is, as it were, one continued 
 mountain up to the top ; neither can thofe who fail 
 along it perceive any valleys, for it feems to be one fingle 
 mountain, the valleys ap|)earing only as gutters made 
 by the waters, which run off the hills in the time of 
 rain ; but when a man is on (bore, thofe gutters then 
 appear to be deep valleys, and their banks great higb 
 mountains. 7'he chief mountains in St. Philip's are 
 the peak, which is a volcano, and a great high 
 mountain which runs along it from fouth-caft, to 
 north-weft, and is little inferior in height to the pike. 
 The peak or volcano, (from whence the ifland takes 
 the name of Fuego) is a very high hill in the middle 
 thereof. The top of it is ranged above two ftorics 
 higher than the clouds, which are ranged each below 
 the other on its fides. This volcano burns continu- 
 ally, (lames of fire ilTuing out of the top, which 
 Dampier fays are only to be difcerncd in the night, and 
 then may be feen a great way o(Fat fea. Froger fays, 
 they faw the flame all night: — faysBuckman, " What 
 prodigious flames and vaft clouds of fmoak it vomits up 
 continually, which wc could perceive afterwards in a 
 clear day, though wc were above fixty miles diftant." — 
 Captain Rober'ts fays, "It is incredible what hugerocks 
 are cail out, and to what a vaf. height ; the iioifc of 
 which in falling again, breaking and rolling down, 
 may very eafily be heard eight or nine leagues ufF in a 
 ftilt air, as he had experienced. The cxplofion, 
 when they are blown up, is like the report of a great 
 gun, or rather thunder. He fays, often in the nijiht- 
 time, the ftones roll down the peak all of a flame ; 
 and the inhabitants told him, that they had lien brim- 
 ftone ftrcam down its fides like a torrent of water, 
 and that fometimes they might gather what quantity 
 they plcafed. They likewife gave him feveral pieces 
 of It, which he fays was like common brimftone, but 
 of a much brighter colour, and in the burning gave 
 a much brighter flame." Sometimes this volcano 
 cafts out fuch quantities of alhes mixed with cinders, 
 that they cover the adjacent parts, and fmothcr fome 
 of their goats. Yet, when thi» ifland was firft difco- 
 vered, it had no peak, nor was there any burning upon 
 it, the peak growing but fince the fire broke out i and 
 by report of the ancient people, has vifibly inctcafei^ 
 in thei r time, 
 
 6 Con* 
 
i7»3] 
 
 TO THE CAPE VERDE ISLANDS. 
 
 4ti 
 
 Confidcring that tliis iflnnd has no running brooks, 
 and that frcffi water is to be had in very few places, 
 (infumuch that the inhabitants in fome parts arc forced 
 to go fix or feven miles to fetch it) yet it is very fer- 
 tile for pompion, water-melons, feflioon, and maife, 
 but for want of water, or low vallics, produces no 
 bananas, plantains, or hardly any fruit trees, favc 
 wild figs. They have fome few Ouava trees planted 
 in fome uf their gardens; alfo a crab orange and le- 
 mon ; likcwifc lime, and a fort of crab-apple. Hut 
 they have here and there fome good vineyards, whereof 
 they make little quantities of an indifferent good fmall 
 wine, but they generally drink it all before it clears, 
 or has done fermenting. The land is all taken up at 
 prefent, only about the peak, and that great high 
 mountain already mentioned, which runs oblique 
 acrofs the ifland. The Portuguefe, who firfl inh:i- 
 bircd it, brought negrr flaves with them, and a good 
 ftuck of cows, horfes, alTes, and hogs ; the king 
 placing goats there, which run wild on the mountains 
 (^particularly the faid great one :) the profit of the 
 fkins was referved for the crown, and he that had the 
 management of them, was called Captain of the 
 Mountains, none daring to kill any of them but by 
 his licenfe. 
 
 Captain Roberts tells us. That this idand flood 
 uninhabited a great many years after it was difcovcred, 
 but the king of Portugal (fome time after the fire 
 had been extinguifhed every where, but the peak) 
 granted it to his fubjc£ls, who were willing to fettle 
 there, all the land to them and their heirs for ever. 
 In ccnfcquence of which, a great many went over 
 and fettled there : but as the cuftom of St. Jago is in 
 ufc Here to free blacks at their death, they at prefent 
 exceed the 'Ahitcs an hundred to one. It is probable 
 nifo, that fome free blacks from St, Jago, miaht have 
 fettled here, and that when trade decayed, fome of the 
 Portuguefe might have left this ifland, as they had 
 done the other. 
 
 The free blacks, for the moft part, are tenants 
 to the whites, who have taken up moH of the land, 
 efpecially near the fea-fide, fome whites having 30'or 
 46 flaves, and fome of the free blacks have (laves, 
 whom they purchafe for cotton cloths, which pafs 
 there inftead of money, a cloth being valued, and 
 nafling current among them, for one thoufand reas. — 
 Mod of the inhabitants of St. Philip's, are of the 
 Romifli religion ; fome pagan fuperftition being mixed 
 with it by the mountaineer bUcks. 
 
 The natives formerly planted cotton in abundance, 
 and this was the greateft market for cotton cloths of 
 any of the Cape Ue Verde iflands : here alfo the Por- 
 tuguefe European (hips ufed to trade for cargoes of 
 barrafaols for Guinea ; but, by the laft drought, all 
 their cotton (hrubs, in a manner were dried up ; fo 
 that what was the chief product of their ifland, is now 
 a good commodity to carry there. On account of this 
 fcarcity of cotton here, and at St. Jago, the Euro- 
 pean Portuguefe under/landing that the French (hips 
 were at St.Jago, they procured an order, that no perlbns 
 on either of thofe iflands (hould, under a penalty, fell 
 cloth to any but fubje£ts of Portugal, which orders 
 are ftriflly obfcrved by the officers of cu(lom$ at St. 
 Jago, though not much minded at St. Philip's, by 
 reafon there arc no duties paid at this ifland, and con- 
 fequently no cuftom-houfu or o(Rce. 
 
 Since the trade of cotton cloths failed, they have 
 fold a great many flaves of the Portuguefe (hips tra- 
 ding thither. But they are endeavouring to revive 
 this branrh again, by planting cotton ; though for 
 want of fufficicncy of rain, it does not thrive Co well 
 as it ufcd to do. They had formerly a pretty good 
 trade with the French for mules, a number of which 
 they bred, and fiutd cheap, but the dry fcafon de- 
 tlroycd almoft all of them ; (a that they told Captain 
 Roberts, that fix years before, there were but two 
 mules on the ifland. However, they began to breed 
 them again. They had a great dciire to trade with the 
 Englilu, and would refcrvc their cummoditict for 
 thcin i faying, *' That notwitliftandiiig the prohi- 
 
 bition above-mentioned, yet they would fell their cot- 
 ton cloths to them, in cafe they would trade thither. 
 The chief and only man for trade, when Roberts 
 was here, was Captain Thomas Snntee 1 but tlicro 
 was not one on the ifland, who could either fpeak or 
 underdand Eiiglifti. 
 
 St. Philip's has but few places to anchor at, and 
 but two where a (liip can riJc ; for excepting at the 
 Villa la Ghate, and two or three other places, the 
 whole coaft is fuch fteep, high, rocky clitfs, that there 
 is no getting up to it. Captain Roberts failing from 
 the Fuarno, in St. John's, got over to St. Philips, 
 falling to the windward of the Villa, and r;in down 
 till he came to Fonte de Villa, a f.iiiJy bay ; thence 
 proceeding along fliorc, he doubled the point of Nucltra 
 Singora, another fandy hay ; am! anchored a little to 
 the northward of the cliurcli. Here captain Thomas 
 Santee came down with the hoi fc of the ifland, by 
 order of the governor, who was alarm'd at tho au- 
 thor's arrival. A little lower duwii he ran his boat 
 into the bay of Laghatc. 
 
 Fonte de Villa is the moft noted road, which is op- 
 poflte againll the town, and is fanily., except when 3 
 ftrong north wind blows, which at particular I'eafuns 
 fweeps away the faiid, and loaves the rocks at bottom 
 bare : and then it is not fo fafe riding as about the 
 fandy bay of Nucftra Signora, which is to the fouth- 
 wardofthe town, to the foutliward of which, on the 
 clifF, (lands the church of Nuclira Signora: From 
 whence the bay and point took their name. This 
 church appears fomething like a barn : The outfide 
 of the walls were feemingly as white as if they had 
 been juft white-walhed , and the roof was covered 
 with red pantiles. At the point, there is good riding 
 with a northerly wind ; and better, when the true 
 north-eaft or north-sa(l by-north trade-winds blow, 
 being clean and fandy at bottom, except when a 
 fouthcrly wind blows (Irong, or fomctimcs by a fouth- 
 erly fea, which now and then runs here in the months 
 ofJune,July, Auguft, and September, when thefewinds 
 do not reach home to the ifland, although our author 
 believes they blow in the oflfing, and clear the fand 
 from the bottom of the rocks, as the northerly wind 
 and fea do at Fonte de Villa. Moft of the whites,- 
 with the governor, live in the Villa ; though moft of 
 them have tfieir country houfes abroad in the country, 
 on that pjrt of their eftates which they keep in their 
 own hands, and manage by their flaves, which fupplies 
 them with food ; and the rents of thofe plantations, 
 which they let to the blacks, are commonly paid in 
 cotton cloths. The governor of St. Philip's was a 
 Portuguefe, and formerly had been governor of a fort 
 or fa£lory belonging to the king of Portugal, on the 
 Guinea coaft. 
 
 It is to be obfjrved, that the ifland of St. Philip was • 
 taken by Sir Anthony Shorley, in September 1596, 
 who was a long while finding a proper place to put in 
 at, and then could not land his men without extreme 
 difficulty. The author of the voyage obferves, that 
 befides water, they got nothing elfe here but infec- 
 tion. 
 
 St. Juan's, or St. John's, which is alfo called 
 Braven, is fituatcd in the latitude of fifteen degrees^ 
 twenty-tive minutes north, and longitude feven de- 
 gree,';, two minutes weft, from Cape de Verde ; and 
 the Villa of St. Philip lies eaft from puarno, about 
 fix leagues. 
 
 This ifland is very high land, the mountains rifing 
 one above another, like pyramids, yet being io near the 
 ifland of St. Philip, it feems, in comparilon of that, 
 to below. It is fertile for pompions, water-melons^ 
 potatoes, bananas, maife, and fclhoon, as .iny of the 
 Cape dc Verdes, as likewife for cows, horfes, afles and 
 hogs. Franklin told the author, that the whole 
 ifland was a barren rock, having only a few clift's of 
 valleys fpread with a thin coaft of earth, where bana- 
 nas, pompions, and potatoes grew pretty well. That 
 they had plenty of fcmoons and wild figs, which fervetl 
 them as food ; that there grew many papa, and thet^ 
 the planters had maife enough, but they were very 
 
412 
 
 VOYAGES OF THE ENGLISH 
 
 r»72,i- 
 
 III t;! 
 
 >^ 
 
 liizv, which kept thcin very poor j that fomeof the in- 
 hnhit.uits h:ul cows, horlcs, iitllsiiiul hoj^s j ol which 
 liill iiiiciiallv they hail nmlt piciitv, bccnuli; tluv Itl- 
 iloniiiii.ll any, except their public tiafls: iiiid that 
 there hail been j confulerablc iiiiniher of wild goats ; 
 but nii'll ip(' ihcni Here ilcllioynl. 
 
 Ihe privilege of killing tluTc is entirely rcCervcd 
 to the i';t>v(Tn<ir. This was dune to prtvcnt the breed 
 trnni biin;; dcllfoyid. None -..re allowed to keep 
 luiiuiiic;-il(ij;s Ik.-c but the caiilldors, who are liccnCed 
 by the go\Lrii"r. ^VIn.■rl tht- governor has a mind to 
 iiiaki. a gt-niral hunt, all the iflanders arc (umnioned, 
 and all the hiiiiting-dogs arc got tofjctlur : th«>(e' are 
 bctwciii ;i beagle and a greyhound, but fliofter K-iiged, 
 lind clunilicr, with large (lappint; tars. After the 
 chacc, tiny meet all t<v',ithcr, ami the governor parts 
 foiticof the veniloii aniung thiir. as he pleales, (eiul- 
 in;; home the relt ; which he altcrwards dlltributes 
 iiiiiiMij; the old and ncce/litoiis j as aUo fome of the 
 (kins, rcl'irving the icmaiuJcr for the lord of the 
 foil. 
 
 The (Icfli of the gcits, as well ai the other cattle 
 of St. Julin's, is veiy lean, for the author wanting 
 tallow to pay the feanis of his boat, the goicrnor 
 ; w ho iiiciurageel the woik) caufed a geniral hunt 
 to be mad ■, in order to fupply him therewith. On 
 this occafion finvgoats were killed, wliiih however, 
 (it btinp a bad liafon) yielded only four or five 
 poui-.iis i>f tillow, anil tliat not clear of (kin. 
 
 'J'he iilaiid .ibouiius moil with faltpctie, of anv of 
 the Cape Veide i(l.ind> : and the governor oH'ered to 
 ptucure Rob.-rts a caigoe fuificient to loail with it, 
 a ligcii r lloop than that 1 k-ft there, (which was of 
 fixty ions.) It prows in fever, il eaiihy c.i\ts there, 
 covcriiit; al! the inhde like a thick hoar fruit, and in 
 lonie places like icicles i alli> in fome hollow rock 
 ih'.y liani; in (Iriiig^ as thick as a man's thumb. 
 
 I'rcin (ome experiments made on certain m 
 water?, Roberts concluded that the jjlaee abi uiiJed 
 with cop|Kr. And one time climbing the loiks on 
 the finith (idc of the illand, he perceived a rock which 
 at a diltaiicc glitteri-d in the tun like buniilhid g<-ld : 
 and n< ar to it, looked us if it \^ as all thick gilt. 
 He luhbtd his hand n!,;;inft it but nothing came off; 
 p.nd when he fcrapcd it with a knife, iougd it (o thin 
 tli.'t he couM fcarce coIlei^> any of it. He obfcrvcd 
 the reck underneath of a blackifh colour ; 4;id that it 
 was gilt only where the water run down from the 
 mountains w ben it rained. Seeing another rock which 
 glittered with golden fpangles, he went, and found 
 it full of gold fibres, fome as fine as hairs, and others 
 as thick as an ordinary needle. With his knife he 
 picked out near a diachm weii^ht, which was folid 
 c;iild, as far as he could pirccive bv the eye. He got 
 oil': lilllc bit like a fmall flatted wire, about half an 
 inch lohg, by cutting and raifing the end u]i. Not 
 f>cin.!; able to yet any more out of the rock, the vein 
 1 mining lUeper in, he was forced to break it off, by 
 ben. ling it backwards three or four times ; ami break- 
 ing hill knile with the experiment, he defifted, and 
 cair.c down arrain to his black mates, without taking 
 notice to th'.ii of what he had feen. However, a lit- 
 tle b-forc 1k' kit the illand, he told the governor of 
 it ; but avoiil'il !;oing to (liow it him, and as it never 
 vas obfeived by any of the natives, he quedions 
 whether thev ever found it. Here one meets with 
 the B.ur de'Orre, alre.uly nKntionnl, but not in 
 (uch i|u.uuit!es, though altogether glittering, and of 
 a golden alpeet. 
 
 Here is plenty of (iflies, cfpecially about the little 
 idands ; where alfo fome tortoifc refort at the feafon 
 for laviiig their egss ; but they are not much regarded 
 f(n- food here, any more than at St. I'hilip's or St. 
 (ago, and yet at all tha other idands they are ac- 
 i ouiiled tlu'ir molt d,licinus food: as Roberts fays, 
 indeed they arc. Anglin'j wasthcchiif cm|)lnvment 
 of the native' : th it fur this reafon tliev milled no 
 opportunitv of wrecks, or when (hips touched there, 
 to procure .uid five all the bits of iron wire, and the 
 like, they cuuld meet .with, and that there was 
 7 
 
 an old man, a n.itivc of St. Philip's, upon this ifland, 
 who had a hammer and three or four (lies, with which 
 and the help of charcoal, made of the wild fig-tree, he 
 could bungle up a (iih-hopk out of an old nail, for 
 which in exchange he had anotVier nail, and a pre- 
 ftnt of fi(h, fiom fuch as had plenty of them. He ad- 
 ded, that the fi(h were fo eager, that a crooked nail 
 would take them. 
 
 Almolt all the fifli thc-cabouts, have large anil 
 (harp teeth, rather like ra\enous land animals, th.'ii 
 the fi(h on the coaft of Knjjland : fo that the inha- 
 bitants take care to hook them in the mouth, to pre-' 
 vent their cutting their lines, as they do in cafe they 
 fwallow their hook : their baits arc crabs, limpets, or 
 any other rock "lell fi(h i and when tlicy catch a fi(h, 
 they make a bait of that ; but crab is the furcrt, — As 
 Roberts often went out upon this fport, he had an op- 
 portunity of feeing how the natives got their fait,' 
 which he obfcrvid was made by the heat of the fun, 
 on the fea water lying in holes among the rocks, fome 
 thrown up by the fpring, others filled at high water, 
 which if not too deep, wotild be all turned to fait be- 
 fore the next tide. He had fecn it even two feet thick 
 of fait, and to the quantity of four bufhcls, in a cavity 
 not abo\c live or fix yards Iquare. 
 
 'I'he natives ufcd to get the fait Urtt, antl then 
 gut, fplit, and put it in heaps all night, in the, 
 morning fjireading them in the fun to dry, and they 
 were ready to diels whenever they wantqd, which was 
 feldom oftener than once a day, towards night when 
 thi-y had done filhing. At the moft ufual fi(hing- 
 plnce, they generally left an earthen-pot, for they 
 boiled their fiih for the fake of the broth, which they 
 liked better than any made of fledi. 
 
 Kormcrlv a great deal of ambergrcafe was found' 
 about this illand, but very little at prefent. Roberts 
 was told, timt about 30 years before, one Juan Car- 
 neira, a I'ortucuefe, who was baniflied from Li(bon, 
 for fome crime, having got a little (loop, traded among 
 the idands, and lighted on a piece of amljcrgreali?, 
 of almoff an incredible bigneli, with which fie not 
 only procured his liberty to return before the term of' 
 his exile was expired, but purchafed a plentiful cftatc, 
 and that the rock (between the two iflands) near to 
 which he found it, is at prefent called by his name, — 
 Captain Roberts tells us, the number of the inhabi- 
 tants did not amount to 2C0 fouls. The natives are 
 blacks, and the moft innocent and harmlefs, as well 
 as ignorant and (uperftitious, of all the iflands. 
 
 While the author lay fick here, they fupplicd 
 him with all kind of necelTarics ; every day fome 
 or other of the inhabitants would come and fee 
 how he was, and feldom or ever without a fowl, 
 or fome fruit for him. The governor himfelf ufed 
 to vifit him almoft daily, and cveiy two or three 
 (lays would fend him a quarter of a wild goat, a fide 
 or a whole one. All this time he was lodged by one 
 of the chief inhabitants, and when he was rcct)vered, 
 lie found fifty-one fowls left of the prefents which 
 had been made him. 
 
 Fi(h, as we have obfcrvcd, makes a great part of 
 their food, efpecially the broth, which they look on 
 as the beft diet in a feaver. They make bread calleit 
 calkus, of Indian corn pounded and boiled over the 
 the ffeam of frrfli water, to a pudding ; then cut in 
 pieces and dried in the fun. The author reprefents ' 
 the natives as equally ingenious and good naturcd. 
 
 The ifland has not been peopled above two centu- 
 ries. It was for feveral years inhabited only by two 
 black families, till about the year 1680; a famine 
 raging at St. Philip's, fome of the poorer fort of 
 negros got ;hemfelves wafted over to the ifland of 
 St. John, by a Portuguefc (hip. Thefe werejoyfully 
 received by their fellow blacks, who having much 
 increafed the (lock of goats, cows, and elpecially 
 hogs, which the Portugucfe had placed on all the 
 id.inds when they firft difcovercd them; and under- 
 flanding that the new comers were brought hither by 
 the Portuguefc, purely to prevent their being (farved, 
 freely offered to loaa their diip with hogs, as a 
 
 reward 
 
 , 
 
 ■MMMM 
 
w 
 
 I7231 
 
 TO THE CAPE VERDE ISLANDS 
 
 ./ 
 
 reward for their charity. This drought Co thinned 
 their ht.gSi that finding, by the time the Ihip \^us 
 loaded, there were but few left, they caught the re- 
 mainder, killed fome, and tamed the red. For the 
 St. Philip's blacks foon introduced the notion of pro- 
 perty, fo that he who could kill, catch, or tame 
 moft, had mod, by which means all the cattle on the 
 ifland foon became divided among them, except the 
 goats, which Hill remain wild, but arc claimed as the 
 property of the lord of the foil, as arc all the wild 
 goats or , .'le other iflands. Thefe new comers 
 taught thJ .eft to fpin cotton, which ^rew naturally 
 there, and to make cotton cloaths of it to wear, they 
 going quite naked before, as moft of the ncgros on 
 the Guinea coaft do. They had likewife informed him, 
 in convcrfation, of the principles and notions, as far 
 as they knew themfelves, of the Romifli religion ; a 
 prieft from St. Philip's pcrfeftcd the work of their 
 converflon. 
 
 Here, as in all thefe iflands, the people are pcrfuaJed, 
 that whatever is given to the priells, is given to God, 
 unlefs they dedicate it to fomc faint, on whom, in 
 fuchcafe, they think they lay an obligation to (land 
 their friend, and for whom all the pricfts are alfo the 
 receivers, as well as for God. 
 
 The governor of this ifland is judiciary, and de- 
 cides the little differences that arife among the natives, 
 and if they arc refraAory, can fend them to prifoii, 
 which is an open place, like the pound for cattle in 
 England, only a ftick laid acrofs the entrance ferves 
 for a gate. 
 
 " Here, fays the author, thefe innocent crimi- 
 nals will (lay without attempting to get out, unlefs 
 very rarely, in which cafe the prifon-breaker, when 
 caught again, is tied hand and foot, and a ccntincl 
 fet over him, and remains in prifon till he has fatis- 
 fied his antagonift, and a(ked the governor's pardon, 
 who can keep him in hold during pleafure. This is 
 the whole extent of the eovernor's power, even in 
 ca(eof iD'jrder : however, tnc delinquent's friends are 
 bound tor his appearance, when a proper judge Ihall 
 come from Portugal : but this had never happened, as 
 far as could be learned. Sometimes for a fmall crime, 
 cfpccially if he be an elderly perfon, he is only con 
 fined to his own, or fome other houfe, which is 
 reckoned a great favour : for to be imprifoned is 
 fuch afcandal, that Tyburn itfelf is hardly fo much 
 dreaded by thecriminals in England. The governor 
 of St. John's, in 1722, was named Leuonal Gonfalvo, 
 and was made filch by Thomas Santce, the procura- 
 dorof this ifland. 
 
 The author obferves, this ifland has but one eood road, 
 and that is rather diificult of entrance. " Here, fays 
 he, it is beft mooring with abft alhore, and not to 
 fwing, but have a fmall hawfer afhore, from the (lern 
 to the northvrard. In cafe a velTel happens to come 
 from the eafiward, to this ifland, (he muft take care 
 not to run about to the fouth end of St. Philip's ; 
 for then, with a common trade wind, (he cannot 
 fetch the Fuarno, and hardly any point of the ifland. 
 On the north fide is another bay, called Faciende, de 
 Agna, known by the banana trees, no valley but this 
 being vifible from the fea. The bay has a (hingly 
 beach, and yeSMs may anchor near the middle, to- 
 wards the north fide in eight, nine, and 10 fathoms, 
 clean ground and a fre(h running water almoft down 
 to the beach. Farther down to the leeward on the 
 fouth-weft fidc.of the ifland, about a fmooth, low 
 point, but rifing high fuddenly, is the Farrier bay, 
 which is a double one, a high rock, dividing in two 
 the beach, which is large pebbles, looking at a dif- 
 tance like (hingles. This is a good bay, with a fmooth 
 landing-place, and a lake or bafon of fre(h water be- 
 hind the eaftermoft beach, which is condantly fed by 
 the water from the mountains. This bay all over is 
 clean ground, in fome places fand, but generally a (liff 
 ooze, or clay, and commonly the fea runs fmooth on 
 the beach. 
 
 There it a rock, on the north-weft fide, to 
 which you may put the boat t and it would be a 
 Vot. I. No. 36. 
 
 good riding place, wciv it iiol inrii.-' Itmnj. flow* 
 which come down the v.illeys, which luppcn nvilUy 
 in November, December and January, aii.l idmic K> 
 violent, if there be a gale ot wind, that a fliipcan 
 not tuin into it, or always (lay there at anchor, if 
 (he be in, as happcneil once to n Pcrtugutfe vellel ; 
 nor is the road fufe in tlic rains anJlhittiiig wind fe.i- 
 fon$, when the fouth-ead and fouth'Wtd winds, to 
 which it lies open, bring in a great lea, enuuj^h, it 
 drone;, to drive a fl>ip on (liorc. For the red ut' thr. 
 year it is good riding here i and in fine weather, cf- 
 pccially March, April and iMay, you havca fuuthcrly 
 fea-brcczc in the cvenin^^, and land breezes all night, 
 and till ten in the morning. 7'his road is mod uled, 
 very few being ac(]uainted with h'uarno. Sciu is u 
 fine fandy bay, and difHcult to come into, and with- 
 out any water. There is likewife dc ."lal Puint Bay, 
 where , Roberts loll his (hip. I'hc red uf the bays 
 here arc fcarcely worth notice. 
 
 St. NicnolAs (or San Nicholao) is the longeft 
 u( all the Cape de Verde iflands, except St, Jago. 
 Ilka Parta Paraghifi lies from Palmora,in the ifleof du 
 Sal, fouthcrly, about 30 leagues, and in north lati- 
 tude 16 degrees 45 minutes, and wed longitude fix 
 degrees 5a minutes, from Capj Verde. 
 
 Tnis ifland is modly high land, the highed being .t 
 flat fugar-loaf-lii(c mountain, terminating at top with 
 a rounding, not a (Iiarp peak. It is called Monte 
 Gourda, and lies on the north-weft fide, but a good 
 way up in the land, and may be feen on any fide of 
 the ifland at nine or ten leagues didance. Ihccoad: 
 of this ifland is fo clear from rocks and (hoals, that 
 a (liip may run along from the eaft point, till within 
 half a league of the fouth-wed point, within call o£ 
 thefhore: yet, in the (hifting-wind feafon, no road 
 on this ifland is good or fafe } nut when the true trade 
 wind is fettled, there are three or four indifferent 
 ones. That which is near the town is Paraghifi, 
 where there is a bay, in which veilels may ride off, 
 fingle, or moored, the wind always blowing from the 
 Ihorc, or may haul into the cove of Paraghifi, an4 
 moor between four land-fads. 
 
 The next is the road of Porto Lappa, which one 
 cannot mifs finding, becaufe it is in the very midft of 
 the great bite, on the fouth fide of the ifland : the 
 ground here is foul, and feveral anchors have been 
 lod by the cables being cut with the rocks. To the 
 eadward of Porto Lappa, about half way between 
 that and t' : eaft point of the ifland, is the road of 
 Currifal, here is a river of frefh water, clofe to the 
 beach. ry commodious for watering. Thebeft an- 
 chor' .^ is to theeaftward of the beach, almoft (hort 
 in. 1 hen you area-breaftof Patra de Looma, or the 
 Firy Rock, over which, being funk flat, the fea al- 
 ways breaks, whence the author fuppofes it has its 
 name. 
 
 This road is not fo convenient for trading, be- 
 ing 16 or 18 miles from the town, and the way rocky, 
 with many high and deep afcents and defcents. 
 
 The road moft rcforted to, is Terrafal (or Trefal) on 
 th? weft fide of the ifland : it is beft known by the 
 great boats of the natives, fome of which are always 
 hauled up on (horo there. A high, (harp, rocky point 
 rifes near a quarter of a mile (hort of the fca-iide, in 
 which fpace it is low, fandy, and in fome places 
 (hingly ground, the(hore being a pebbly beach. On 
 each fide of this point is a very deep gully, out of 
 which come violent gufts of wind ; and therefore 
 when it blows a ftrong gale, it is hard to turn up 
 into this bay. Toavoid thefe flaws, veffels muft an- 
 chor jud againft the point, between the gullies, 
 where they may ride very eaiy under its Ice, in from 
 16 to three fathoms. Water is to be had here by dig- 
 ging a well, almoft any where on the low land, ex- 
 cept the rainy feafon has failed. But there is always 
 good water in a valley about half a mile from the 
 fea, from whence the natives will bring it down. The 
 townbelonging to St. Nicholas, is the moft populous 
 and mod complcat of any on all the iflands, and al- 
 though not built fo large, nor the walls cemented with 
 S O lime 
 
 #^ 
 
4'4 
 
 V O Y A O E 3 OF I 11 K F. N G f. I S U 
 
 limcornioit.tr, as tlic li miles of ihc city of St. J.igo 
 wcic, iidr covcrcil, nut i-»cn ihc church, with any 
 thing luit i;rai< thatih \ yi f, fur number of houfes, in 
 well m regular lfrii-t<!. It latlicr ixcrcils that rity i but 
 lomc time ai;i'. Captain Avery, the pirate, toucliing 
 here, ilie inli.ihitants lonir way ilifguucd him fo, that 
 liehurned their town. 
 
 'I'hc inhnbitantf, acconling to Captain Roberts, 
 wcrfcoinpmeil to be about 2,000 fouls before the fa- 
 mine, but when he was there, he fays tluy iliti n.ot 
 txeeeil above ij or 140-^. They have inoftly an Ku- 
 lojiean Ponugiiefe prielt, and it is as much r.<; he canilo 
 fome times to manage them. Tluy arc bl.ickr, or 
 copper-coloured, with fri/y.lcd hair, except a f^w of 
 the French race, left there by the pirate, Maraugh- 
 *in, and three old I'ortiigiicle, and two or three old 
 women. 
 
 The women here arc by far more Iioufcwiftly and 
 ingenious at their needles, than in tltc ot'ier illamls. 
 
 I'hcy are alfo more niodclj, nivi 1 .Tpj-aiing out of 
 tlicii houlcs, nor within bare before ((rangers, as is 
 common at St. John's, and e.vcrnt when they are 
 abroad planting, vecdinj, or r;athiring in their har- 
 vift, they are always at'their' needles or fpinnine, 
 it tJRv iiave any totton. The heft Portuguefe is 
 fpokcii hero of .ill in the Cijic Verde iHands, and 
 ns the natives refmiMe the Portuguefe mod in their 
 ';!n^u.ige, fo are they like the vulvar fort of that na- 
 tion, errant thie\cs to ttr.ingers, and very dangerous 
 when they like an antipathy. Some who came on 
 board Captain Roberts's floop, when ujion this coall 
 Ml 1-11, and ftole .ill his liquor, may be produced as 
 .in inftance; for h.ivin3 obferved the place from 
 whence the boy broujiht a bottle of rum, which he 
 fcnt for to treat them, they made bold, feeing only 
 llinfe two belongiiig to the (hip, to fetch it them- 
 f'.'lves, though Roberts forbade them, faying, that 
 the [lift they could cxpe<!f, was to participate of 
 what w.t; in the vrflll ; «nd that he (hewed himfelf 
 very ungrateful as well as niggardly, to think n^uch 
 of any thing thc'v ifiuld e.it and drink that was on 
 board. At lad, tluy li.id the alTur.tncc to tell him, 
 that the Hoop and rvri) thing that was in her, was as 
 much theirs as his, fince he was in diflrefs, and muft 
 certainly have perifticd if they had not come from (hore, 
 and brought him and his boy fomc water ; which 
 after -all, w.is falfc, Roberts being then fafu at 
 anchor, and as for the water, tliey had drank it all 
 themfclves. 
 
 Capt.iin Roberts obferves, that there afc the fame 
 fort of fands and ftones here as at St. John'», and 
 the natives have a tradition, that there is filver and 
 l^old m ihcm, but cannot tell how to cxtraft it ; 
 however, it is to be met with here only in a few 
 places, but at St. John's almoft every whtn. 
 
 There is good nitre alfo on this iflaiid, and bcur 
 d'ore,' but not in fuch quantities or fo c;li;ieriiig, as 
 what is to be met with at St. Jago, or St. Jcliii's. 
 
 The foil, according to Robert";, is fruitful for 
 m.iifi ; and the beft fcihoon on all the Cape Verde 
 illmds li.; fays is here, both white an^l black, likcwifc 
 plantanes, bananas, poinpions, water and mufk 
 melons, lui'.uMS, limes and oranges, fwcct and four, 
 tliey h..\e a few fugar-cancs, of which they make 
 moloircs. They have vinci alfo, of which they make 
 a tartifh wine. 
 
 This ifl.iiid WJ^ or.ce very full of dragon-trees, 
 which, wluiicut at a proper llaf.m, yields the gum 
 railed f.iii^uii ilia>'inii, much ultd in medicines. 
 
 They have a way of cutting 1. If the branches, and 
 boiling them in water, from which, they have an 
 art to fepar.tte the gum ; but it is not near fo clear, 
 iiiir he believes, fo good as the other lort. It is a 
 loofc grained wood, and hollow in the middle, the 
 cavity going tapciing upwards, fomcthiiig like the 
 bore of u pi.mp. Hut when the pirate Avery had 
 buined tiicir town, for want of other wood, (mod of 
 th;ir w ild tlg-treis, tl.c only wood fit for th.it ufe, 
 having b;cn d;lltoy-d in building their boats) they 
 were forced to cm down the dra^'oti-trces to roof their 
 
 hoiifLS again I and moft of them liflvltr; chambers, 
 thcv floored them with the' bonrdv of ihis wood; 
 which made t fr> fcarce, that Captain Roberts 
 quedions whether above twenty or thirty pounds of 
 gum might be made yearly on this ifland. 
 
 They h.rd great plenty of goats, hoes and fowlsy 
 before the late famine, whicli although it held there 
 but three years, yet, while it laftcd, was fevercr 
 tli:'.n in any of the other iflands. For St. Nichola* 
 having but littte trade, as it aftbrded no commodity 
 for foreigners, but ailcs, which are likewil'e common; 
 to other lUandi, they are fcldom vifited by more th.itf 
 one or two (hips in a year ; and there not bcini; f" 
 gre-t a demand for tho(e animals of late, in the Weft 
 Indies as fomictty, they fometimcs have not h:id a 
 (h\. for two years, which has obliged them to be mere 
 indudrious than anv of ihtir neighoours. 
 
 It ufed to ahouna moft with wild ^"ats, as well .ill 
 cows, which all belonged to the land proprietor. 
 but this was before the famine had diminilhed their 
 dock ; for fince that, the people fird ate their own 
 hogs and tame goats, and afterwards deftroyed the 
 proprietor's dock of cows and wild goats } fo that 
 when the author was Lift upon this idand, thtre were 
 not above forty head of great cattle, and the dock of 
 wild goats was fo diminilhcd, that the governor told 
 him, it would not be worth while to lend a (hip for 
 the (kins this three years to come. 
 
 Captain Roberts carried over to it, in his boar, 
 a vcarling heifer, from Bona Vifta, (which Captain 
 Manuel Domingo bcdowcd on him to kill on board 
 for food) and would have given it to his- landlord, 
 Nicolau Gonfalvo : but the then governor would not 
 let him keep it, under pretence that the lord of the 
 foil had referved the liberty of kcepitig cows folely x6 
 himfelf; but, in reality, becaufh he was related to 
 his prctlecefTor, whom he did not lifce. Roberts 
 therefore made a prefcnt of it to a relation of the 
 governors, who, after making fome difficulty, al- 
 lowed him to keep it, under colour, that !t| was tp 
 be kept for the ailthoV agairift he came .t^iii. ' 
 
 The natives u»ak'e Cloaths of cottoji, and button^ 
 to imitate almoft every pattern (hewn them. They 
 knit cotton dockings, tan goat and c0w-hidcs, and 
 make tolerable (hoes, bcfidcs the bed cloths and cot- 
 ton quilts of all the illands, wrhlth' atb' too 'good fur 
 the Guinea trjide. But as thty do well for that of 
 Brafil, the Portugucic trfcd to tbuch hCfe fuT thclti, 
 but the drought made that comhioility fcarcfcr! The 
 chief trade (cemcd to befortuVtIej tlic Inhablt.-lnts 
 being much addiAcd to catch them, as wc|l as 'fil- 
 ing. This they mbftly did In their boiits at tl'.e 
 iflands of Chaon, Branca, St. Lucia, and St. Vin- 
 cent, being the only people Who built and ufcd bdit.'. 
 in thcfe iflands. Thev fold 'their fifti (br reaify. mo- 
 ney, or what elfc they itood in tvetd of ; and the Por- 
 tuguefe, who tr.-idcd with them for cloths and guilts 
 to carry to Brafil as well as Portiignl, ufcd often to 
 pay cam for them, not having fucn commodities as 
 picafed the inhabitants. 'rhcTc latter were g(?ncralljr 
 fupplicd by the Eiiglilh and FrintJh who traded thi- 
 ther J and either exchanged their goods for affes, or 
 fold them for money, till the latter, as well as com- 
 modities, decreafcd them. The old .Vlarquis ('eS 
 IVIinhas was formerly the lord projlrietor tf tlui 
 iflaiVd, St. Lucia, St. Vincent, and St. Antoiiie : 
 but after his death, the king refumed the th:-«.= 'iifi. 
 into his own hands, the latter only bting the hui.- 
 ditary cdate of that nobleman. 
 
 Chaon, St. Branca and St. Lucia, arc three 
 iflands deditute of cither inhabitant; or water, ami the 
 ftwofiril of cattle. Theifland,or raihrrthcrpclvC'h^rii, 
 .'ies from Tcrrafal wed by north about three le.igui!,. 
 
 Ilha Branca (orBlanca) White Idand, is .1' high, 
 deep rock, lying lengthways call- 1101 ih-cr,f;, aiul 
 wed-north-wed about two or three mil. 5. The !;t. 
 Nicholas inen come here as well as to ilie lo.-i.d to Hfli. 
 On the fouth fide there is a phico where boits m:iy 
 ride, but lb dangerous, when it blows from thu (tvong 
 flames thn come down the rock-;, that the St. Ni- 
 cholas 
 
 i 
 
iVll 
 
 1 () THE C A P E V r. R 15 F, ISLAND 
 
 4"» 
 
 cli il.n nitn '•ire I Mft to rcfort tliilhcr, though there 
 in 1(1 |;i><)<l hlhiiiv; :il)inic it. I'hc author ru|ip(j|'i.s it 
 took the njmc Irom a vi-in ot white rocks, wliiih 
 riiiis uiid':r the higli, dark, rocky lariil on the I'outh 
 fiilc, and appears iit a diltaiice like white I'and-hills. 
 Kctwfcn this and St. Lucia tlicie is broken ground, 
 wit'i fcvcral rocks ahove or under water. This 
 ifl.uid prnducr* the guana, a creature in Ihape like 
 » li/uril, well known in the Will Indies, but (uund 
 on no other of the Cape Venle Iflands. 
 
 St. Lucia lies three or tour leagues weft-nortli- 
 tveft from the north-weft part of Si. Nicholas. 
 Tlitre is a ^ood clean, fandy bay on the fouth-wcft 
 fide, and another on the fouth-e.ill fide. The irtand 
 produces goats and afles, but no inhabitants. The 
 channel between this and St. Vincent is very foul, 
 and fo full of rocks, that it is ai unfafe to venture 
 through it as the former. 
 
 St. V'incrnt on the north-cad fide is low and 
 Tandy: but the rclt is moftly high land, with fandy 
 hays, and fevcral roads to anchor at : one of thcfe is 
 iialiia des Cihal, is on the north fide i it goes in 
 nortli-ealf, between two low, fandy paints j and the 
 water is fo fmooth, that a vcflc-l may be fafe on Qiorc : 
 but it is fo diincult to conic out with a trade wind, 
 which blows right into the bay, or r.ithcr fmall gulph, 
 that no fhips frequent it. In the north-eaft bay, on 
 the north-weft fide, over-againft St. Antonio, is 
 Porto Oraiide, a large bay, where fliips may ride fafe 
 from all winds in fi\ or feven fathom water, and 
 anchor any where, for it is all clean fand. It is 
 cafily known by a hii;li rock, like a tower, oft' the 
 bay, and clean all round. I'his is called the bay of 
 St. Vincent ; and the rock or ifland that lies at the 
 mouth of it, The Sugar-loaf Rock. 
 
 Porto San Pedro is a clean bay or a rdad, about 
 the fouth-wcft point, where vcflcis may anchor in 
 what depth they pleale, in liindy ground i but it is 
 hard riding there, unlefs in moderate weather, on ac- 
 count of the flaws that corne from the valleys. More 
 turtle and tifli were caught about this illand, than 
 my of the Cape Verde, except du Sal. Here isalfo 
 a good ftock of goats and alVes, and almoft as great 
 plenty of nitre as at St. John's, but not fo good. 
 I'hc author tried both by tire, and found the firft 
 always heft, fome fixed fait, but the latter burnt clean 
 away, except what was generated near the fea-fide. 
 
 [ I'hofe of Mr. Genne's fleet who touched at the 
 firlt port in 1695, caught great numbers of good fith 
 there : one fort of wnich, called a bourfe, or purfc 
 was very beautiful, having rays darting round from 
 its eyes like a glory, and ^ckled all over with hexa- 
 gonal fpots of a very brieht blue colour. The whole 
 refrefhmcnt of the St. Jofeph's crew, while Frazcr 
 was there in 171?., was fifli, of which they took 
 plenty in the bay : but there is only one creek lying 
 between two Mttle points towards theeaft-foulh-caft, 
 where the I'eine can be ufcd ) in other places the 
 fliore is rocley : but they made amends with the hook. 
 There are mullets, rock-fiOi, pilchards, grunters, 
 white-tooths, long-beaks, and another fort which 
 have a bat's tail, and round fpots all over them. He 
 dclcribes one which was fix-feet long, and very like 
 the petinbuabs of firafil. He fays likewife, that 
 there were fomctimcs taken bourfcs, or purfes defcribcd 
 by Frogcr. The coafts of this ifland abound with 
 turtle of dift'erent forts, fome weighing between 
 three and four hundred pounds weight. 1 hefe crea- 
 tures lay their eurs on fhore, covering them with the 
 fand, which alone hatches them in fevcntccn days ; 
 but it is nine more before the young ones are able to 
 crawl down to the fea, by which roeajis three fourths 
 of them become a prey to the birds. I'his ifland is 
 very mountainous, and has very little freflj water or 
 wood. 
 
 The crew of an Knc^lifh vefl'cl, after being difap- 
 pointed of water at the rivulet, penetrated a little 
 farther, and met with fever.il fiilt-marlhcs, and, at 
 length, upon the I'outh point of the bay, found a lit- 
 tle gut of water, which ran down from the craggs 
 
 to the lla. Tlicy dui; to malie it run ih ■ Iv iter, but 
 hail nun h troubk' to get it on luianl, the f' a b.ii'j^ 
 very nni ;h, and tl.o' |k"i liellv frtfti watn , yet it tuiiis 
 in fi'viM ur eight <l,i)s. Almui two huiidrid p.ins from 
 this tliey got wood, which was a fort of uiiiaiiiiil, c..!y 
 10 fell, .Old near thi ih.ire. Mr. (jeiiiir-, l.nind abour 
 iwciit) I'oriujiifcie f.oni .St. Niihohij, I'li the ifle '.'f 
 St. Vincent, who had been there two uai , tniployel 
 in tannin}; (kins of i^oat<, with whuh tlu- illaiid 
 ah.juiids. They have do-s trained up for 111" pur- 
 
 iiofe, which kill a dozen or liltccn each every night. 
 ■"ra/1.1 tells us, that they fouiul .it the bay a few tot- 
 tages, the doors of whiili wire fo low, that there 
 was nil going in but upon all fours ) all the liitnituiit 
 here was only fonic leather bu,l[jtts and tortoifilhclhj 
 which fervcd for fe.its, and vefl'cis for holding; water. 
 The black inhabitants had quitted tlieni on fight of 
 the French, though they put out Lnj;lifl> colours. 
 They faw two or three of them ft;irk naked in the 
 wtxxls, but could not come to fpcak to them.] 
 
 They found no game there, not fo much as a bcaff, 
 except wild afl'cs and goats on the mountainv, hard to 
 come at : fome few pintadoes, and no other birds. 
 The foil is fo barren it produces no fruit, only in thu 
 valleys there arc fome little tufts of taniaiind-trces, 
 befidcsafcw cotton and lemon trees : However, theie 
 were fome curious plants, as the tythinullus, arbo- 
 refccns, or branched fpurge ; the male fouthern- 
 wood, of a moft fweet fcent, and a very beautiful 
 green, a yellow flower, and the Hem of it has no 
 leaves ; the Palma Chrifti, or Ricinus Amcricanus, 
 called Pillcrilla by the Spaniards in Peru : the feed of 
 it is cxatflly like the Indian pine-apple kernel : ia 
 Paraguay they make oil of it. They found lioufe- 
 leck of levcral forts, fome of which had thick round 
 leaves like a hazle nutj coloquintida apples, limo- 
 nium maritimum very thick; lavender without any 
 fcent, dog-grafs, lie. And near the little rock was 
 found very good ambergreafc, ibme of which the Por- 
 tuguefe had fold to French fliips, particularly the St< 
 Clement. 
 
 St. Anthony lies in 17 degrees 19 minutes north 
 latitude and eieht degrees two minutes weft longitude 
 from Cape Verde. It is both the weftern .and nor- 
 thern of all the Cape Verde iflands. It is a very 
 high ifland, and conlidcring the very high mountains 
 and low valleys, it contains as much ground, or ra- 
 ther rocks, as St. Jago, and has plenty of ftcih wa- 
 ter-brooks. There are in St. Anthony but two ports 
 or roads where fliips anchor ; the bcft, called Terra- 
 fals, is to the fouth-wcft end. It is a fandy b.ty, 
 and aft'ords ^ood riding; the way from thence to the 
 town, and inhabited parts of the ifland, is fo very 
 long as well as diflicult, that a fliip might lie there a 
 long time undifcovered by the inhabitants. The 
 other is a fandy coaft rather than bay, called Pray.i 
 Simune, it aff'ords no flieltcr from the wind, which 
 generally blows ftrong through the channel between 
 St. Anthony and St. Vincent; fo that a fliip is often 
 forced from her anchor before flie can finilh tra- 
 ding. However, it is tolerable good riding in fine 
 weather and light winds, as well as pretty fnicoth 
 landing. About half a league to the northward of 
 the- Chappie, near the Village, there is a little bay or 
 cave, called Rivera des Trafo, where a boat may lie. 
 It has a very good quay to land or load at, the water 
 being fmooth, and is fhcltered by the north -weft 
 point : there is alfo a flream of frcfh water, and wooJ 
 enough in the valley. The plenty of ilrcams that 
 water this ifland, fcrtilifc the v.dlcys io, that St. 
 Anthony yields to none of the Cape V^ercle idands, 
 for niaife, kflioons, bananap, plaiitanes, potatoes, 
 pompions, water and niufk-meioiis, oranges, itnions, 
 limes, guara's, &c. and the grcaielt oV wine. A 
 great deal of indigo grows here, and feveial great 
 plantations are walled in and cultivated. The in- 
 digo flirub (or plant) grows foniething like broom, 
 but not fo large, having fmall, pale, green leaves, 
 very juicy, in form refemblin^ that of box. Thcf<; 
 leave* are ftripjied off in Odlobcr or November, and 
 
 pounds 1I 
 
 ■*'' 
 
 /.i:'* 
 
4»» 
 
 VOYAGES OK TfiE ENGLISH 
 
 ('■»| 
 
 poiinHcd inin |iip, which, when made up into cakri 
 nr ba)li, changes in ilying, from green (u a daik 
 blue. 
 
 Cotton |iUnt;Uion< nre likcwifo eultivnteJ, ind 
 clo.lth^ ni:idc lor the owner*. The cor'-m flirub 
 ^lowi .ihout tlir li/e ot a rofe-hiilj), hut Ipre-uls 
 more. 'rhrliMvcn iiri- of a griif* green, tbimihing lilie 
 tliiife of fpinii.i;_;f, but broader aiul Cnio'ither ; tin' 
 flivver* are iif 11 |);ilc yellow, wliich, ultti they b!»w 
 aw.iy, art fucceeded liy round podi, incli.fui:; trie cot- 
 ton, romiiioiiiy in three c;ivilic«, wherein aie alfo 
 rnnliiined the ficdj, whirh arc black, and of an oval 
 form, .iikI in liie iiiucIi about the bigncliiof a Krrnch 
 kidiiry-b<:in. 
 
 The v.nllcys in this ifland arc very woody. The 
 dragnu trees .iie very nunicrnu<i, fo that the dragon'j 
 blood \i prodiircd ill j^rcal quantitie;. 
 
 Th-y linve ili'es luul hcgs, which are very large, «» 
 Well as pUnty ol them, and .1 jiumeroin (toclc of 
 cowsj tifidc-ithf mountains .nrc crowded with wild 
 |»oat». ()nnn;of the mountains l» found a liaolpa- 
 rent ftonr, called hv the natives, Top.iz ; but whe- 
 ther the true topaz or not, the author could not tell. 
 The Portugueic of this, like the reft of the Cape dc 
 Verde iflands, arc all of a dark fwarlhy colour, hut 
 yet a good-natured fort of people, and very fociable. 
 Captain Roberts obferved, that this ifland was then 
 made a kind of florchoiife for (laves. He fu|ipofes 
 that wh."'i the I'or'.ugud'c had the Spanifli trade, the 
 then Marquis des Minlia.i, whofe htieditarv eilalc it 
 was, ordered a cargo of ncgros to he hroiipht from 
 Guinea, and placed there, »ho were fupplied at his 
 cxpence, till they could maintain themfelvus by plant- 
 ing, which they foon learned from the free blacks in- 
 habiting there before. Thefc Have', (fays lie) in- 
 creafcd lo faft, that, notwithftnnding the great num- 
 bers of them who have been tranfported bill li ti I'or- 
 ttigal and Krafil, by the marquis's order, they make 
 four fifths of the inhabitants. They have plantation', 
 houfes, wives, &c. as the free blacks have, and fome 
 of the br(f places arc cultivated by them for cotton, 
 indigo, lie. which are all wrought by thnn, under the 
 infpedlion and management of afte^ard (or overfccr) 
 placed there by the marquis. He is generally an Eu- 
 ropean Portuguefe, and has the title of Capiteen 
 Moore. 
 
 Thus they are divided Into two parties, and very 
 often dilTerence happens between them, which fome- 
 timet end in blood-flied. The free blacks valuing 
 themfelves upon their freedom ; and the (laves telling 
 them they are only tenants at will, and in a worfe con- 
 dition than themfelves, as being liable to be turned 
 off the iiland, without knowing where to go, and 
 will therefore be ncccfTitated to yield themfelves (laves 
 whenever called upon." 
 
 St. Anthony is a good place for taking in provifions, 
 they being very plentiful here. [Froger obferves, that 
 fending their canoe from the bay of St. Vincent to St. 
 Anthony's for provifions, the men went to (bme 
 country houfcs near the road, where they got lomi 
 fowls, with plenty of fruits, fuch as figs, grapes, 
 bananas, oranges, and water-melons. A few days 
 after, they fent again, by direiftion of the inhabitants 
 (who promifed to give notice of their coming) and 
 brought from hence 1200 fowls, 100 pigs, and above 
 25 beeves, and a great quantity of fruit, for which 
 they bartered old linen, be^ds, fmall looking-glaiTes, 
 ribands, knives, and fome other trifles : thefc the 
 iflande-j preferred to money, becaufe but few fliips 
 toucfi there) and even the king of Portugal, to whom 
 the profits and produce of the iiland belong, does not 
 fentf for three years together fomctimcs to fetcn them 
 home.] 
 
 Captain Roberts, from whofe account the chief 
 part of thisdefcriptionof the Cape Verde ifles is taken, 
 ftems to have been a man of fenfe and ingenuity.^ 
 When here he found no likelihood of getting a paflage 
 home from the ifland of John, he applied to the go- 
 vernor to let him have an old boat of his to fit up, 
 for going over to St. Philip's, offering to be the car- 
 
 penter himfelf, and to find naiU and fails ( tin. iirik 
 he I .ul laved out ol the wreck of his (loop, and the 
 latter he prnpofed to make out of his iib : but (he 
 boat having now lain above two years on the dry land, 
 .-ind being lallcn in a manner to pieces, as well as lui- 
 len, the governor, out of regard for his fufc'ly, would 
 not grant him his rcqueft, allrdgini; the danger ol the 
 chnmiel between the two illaiids, uon> violent WinJs 
 .ind Itrong rui rents. He told him, however, that .f 
 heundeiltood how to build a velFcl, he might build 
 one new, large, and llrong, there being wood enough 
 on the ilinnd, and that he did not doubt but all the 
 inhabitants likcwifc would allift him ai m^ch as ihay 
 were capable off : faying, that ihty would do all the 
 laborious work, while he and Franklin might lieem- 
 ployid in that part only, which l/itir ingenuity he 
 faid could not reach to. He .iddcd, that befides the 
 adz, which Roberts Caved, they had three or four 
 liatrhrr<, and that they could handle them fo as locut 
 down ti:>-lrees, fplit and hew boards out of them, and 
 he engaged to fupply him nith boards and limber 
 enoui;h, of any fort he would have. " My brother, 
 continued the governor, who has Ixren at St. Jago, 
 is a good carpenter, he can work very well, and makes 
 almol) ;'ll our doors on the ifland, and hiai briidet 
 made (tools for the priefls, which alfo feveral othcii 
 intheillaiul can do j nnd the chairs which yo(i have 
 (sen at the prieli's houfe (hews he is a workman." 
 
 Roberts telling him he was afraid he (hould not have 
 nails enough (Tiaving only (ix or fevcn thnufand 
 broken and whole, befiJes a great many large (pikes, 
 fome bolts, and other iron-work they had fiivcd) the 
 governor laid he was tl>c belt judge in that cali; j but 
 that if he wanted, he might inffruiii the old farrier, 
 who was alfo ingenious ot himfelf, to forge fome out 
 of the old iron. But fiiff, he would have the author 
 promife to make a bi at large enough to carry hiia 
 over the channel of St. Philip's fafely, without tnf 
 danger, and that he tlioughr, could not be le^ 
 than twice the fizc, at leall, of his own boat.— 
 Roberts faid, that to make a boat twice the length, 
 breadth, and depth of his, would be to make one a 
 great many times bigger than his boat i but he couM 
 not any way convince his excellency how that wai 
 polTiblc. 
 
 They now took a general furvey of the iflanil, 
 to (ind what tools were on it (it for thcoccafion. They 
 muftered up three fmall hatchets, a thing like a 
 butcher's cleaver, two gimblets, one about the fi7e 
 of a twenty-penny nail, the other a very large gim- 
 blet, with a I'mall pin-mall, one claw hammer, aiul 
 one like a cobler's hammer, and a double-headed liam- 
 mer, about three pounds in weight, over and abme 
 what the fmith had. 
 
 All the inhabitants wei« now fiimmoned to meet 
 before the governor's houfe, who made a fpeech to 
 them, fetting forth the caufe (or which they met, how 
 charitable an ai5t it was to alTift tlieir gueft. 'Ihev 
 anfwered. That he could not be more ready to aft 
 than they to grant, that they were wholly at Roberts's 
 call, and that he might always command them.— 
 They faid, they were very forry to think of his 
 leaving them ; but when they conlidered how unable 
 they were to (upply his occafions, to his wiflies, they 
 could not defire him to continue among them in mi- 
 fery. They added, that they wifhed their ifland 
 produced thofe neceflaries, as well as pleafure and de- 
 lights which his country did, and then, perhaps, 
 they would keep him with them by force, and think 
 they did not ivrong him : faying, when he talked on 
 a retaliation, that they dcdred nothing but his good 
 opinion, and that for the continuance thereof, they 
 would do any thine for him in their power. After 
 this, they obferved that thofe who could ufe hatchet% 
 would take their turns day by day, that the three 
 hatchets might never be id!e, and that the reft might 
 carry down the boards and I'mber, after it was hcwei), 
 and a little dried, to the place where he intended to 
 build the boat. This was accordingly perfornied, 
 and by the time they got a good quantity made,alarg: 
 7 piece 
 
»7»J 
 
 TO T fr E CAP i: V F. R D E ISLAND 3. 
 
 417 
 
 piece of it (h'n»'« qUArtcr was tlimwii 011 (hnrr near 
 Sii", whith iMiiK' Iiirkily to hilii out tlic ilill;:ii. 
 'I'lu 'i' bcirij', ii'i i.iiiviiiK lit pUcc lime to haul 11 mi 
 laiul, hcf.uiri' I I till- rotks, lliiriy or lorly nl ilu 
 native* r.ilKtiiii.; Iiiuii to ir'vv it bv, Iwani with it, 
 anJ K<it it, lh>>ii);h Willi ^.^rcat ilitliciihy, iiiti) a little 
 rove liiiwcLii Scio aii>l I'lloarcc I'u'uaiia. Tliis wieik 
 beiii:; Huike 11(1, att'onKd a qu.iiitily ot biuiil-, tiir- 
 I). r, n.iils, Ipikiiii; liolts, with a mi/tn-nialf, ami 
 ((.iiuliii); rr^gin^, ol which malt lie propoltd to make 
 the keel. 
 
 But now our voynj»cr bepan to be in doubt of his 
 ability to p.rtiirm what he li.iil iiiuleitakeii j yet re- 
 flcCliii'^ on the ililgraie it would be todelill, after giv- 
 ing fo much troiil)le about it, he reloKed to proceed. 
 Accordingly he went dowli with fix or ci,;ht of the 
 b^ It carpenters, h.iviiig I'everal more hand", to help as 
 labourers, and fome to fidi for provifioiis for the red 
 Hut juK at they were j;oiii); to begin, a new ohjeitioii 
 iirofe, which was likey to have put an end to the woi k ) 
 for next day the governor coming down, told Roberts 
 he wan informed, that he (the author) intended the 
 boat to be but a little bigger than his, which was 20 
 feet Ion,', aiul that Ml cafe this was true, he would 
 foibid all bis people to allilf Itim ) for that both he and 
 Signor Carlos were of opinion, he would only call 
 liimfelf away tlirouyli cagernels to get f>(f the illand. 
 Roberts thanked bun for bis care, and allured him he 
 intended to make lur t\\ ice as large as bis own boat j 
 and agreed, if (he did not carry above twice as 
 much, as hi'-, to give l\„t to the governor, and (lay 
 upon the iHaiul till a (liipcame. 
 
 As foon as his liack was turned, Roberts mcafurcd 
 
 out tnanty-fivc feet for the length of the keel, in- 
 flcad of thirty, which he haj mcafutcd before the 
 
 3ut tntnty- 
 Hcad of tbii 
 
 governor ; and, at his requell, his alliltants proinifcu 
 to fay nothing of it i but in going on with the work, 
 being at a lofs for a faw, tlicy furniflted out an old 
 rud- eaten one, and a file, w ith which he fliarpeiicd it j 
 while they ftood over, admiring his ingenuity. In or- 
 der to make the fwecps, Roberts had contrived a pair 
 of wooden conipalles, and bis workmen were greatly 
 aftonifhcd at feeing him fix the ftern and the llcrii-pod, 
 becaufe he ufcd a plummet to fet them upright. He 
 employed the wreck boards along the body of the 
 boat, as they would not bend for any other part j 
 but the nails began to diminifti apace, fo that having 
 nailed her tolerably fecurc at the bottom, be was 
 forced to fallen only the butt-end ; and here and 
 there, where neceflity required, was obliged only to 
 pin or trunnel them with the large fpikc ginihlet 
 He had a half-deck abaft, a little above eight feet 
 long, a forecaftle fro;n the ffern aft, foincthing above 
 feven feet. He laid in four beams that be double 
 kneed, fattening the knees of each end, one of which 
 was a (landing knee ; be bolted them with fome of the 
 fmallell bolts, pointed, and boring the length of the 
 pikcgimblet, forced the re(l, bydriving the bolt red hot. 
 
 A'ter all this, there were left boards enough to 
 deck her J but for want of nails, being forced at the 
 latter end to make ufe of all the broken points, he 
 frequently took the point of a nail, which was but lit- 
 tle more in length than the thicknefs of a plank, and 
 after he had driven it up, he drove it farther with a 
 broken ftump of a nail, till the latter had entered 
 half way into the plank, that the point might the 
 better take hold of the timber. How to make her 
 tight was now to be confidercd. For this, he had 
 fome fpire ropes, of which he made oakham, but he 
 found that cotton and mofs did better. His method to 
 try how the caulking hild was, in the evening, after 
 they bad all left off work, to heave water againft the 
 leanis within fide j and where be perceived it went 
 through, he caulked it over .ngain. He iinifhed bis 
 maft, and fixed the rigging, and the pieces of the 
 jib of his forincr (loop, made him a main-fail. It was 
 too narrow by a breadth and an half, but there was 
 no help for it. Ilis forcfail and jib were patched out 
 of the pieces of the main-fail, and of cotton cloth, 
 civenbim by the natives. 
 
 Vol. I. No, 36. 
 
 His boom wai made of bis (dJ gafT, by I'carfing 
 a h.ind-lpike to it. His rudder was made thus : be 
 got three eye-bolts, and Ih.irpciiing the iMunls, diovu 
 them into the (tern-polt up to the eyes, which fervcj 
 1 the room of braces <u- gudgeons Two or three 
 ays befoir (he was launched, lour of the blacks with 
 Nu-olau Verde, went, and taltening a rope to her 
 anchor, which lay in Salt-1'uiiil bay, liauLd it out 
 Iroin under fome rocks: then floating it about a 
 itone's throw, let it go again. When they law it 
 juite clear of the rocks, they brought it up to iha 
 furfaie, and then floated it away. This he was very 
 much (uiprifedto fee them di', believing it impollible 
 for four times the number to have fultiined the weight 
 )f the anchor, no kfs than two bundled .iiid thieu 
 quarters ; befides the Stock, which, then b^iiig lo much 
 water loaked, could not vvei:;li much Kfs than one 
 hundred weight. 
 
 ■|"he governor, prieft, and feveral women came 
 down to the launching, which was pcrlornied veiy 
 well, but llie boat made as much water as two hand* 
 c<juld keep clear by roiiKant baling. Roberts (lop- 
 ped feveral places where it went in, but could tee 
 nothing of a conllant leak, only under three of the 
 floor timber ticads, which he could not come at ° 
 however, he tightened it as well as he could, and 
 went down lo Fcrrier lo filh up an anchor with .1 
 haufcr, left tluic lately by a I'ortiigueic (hip in ii 
 (lorm. In the mean time he made a wooden hillick, 
 which be fallened to a tlone, as the Ncw-found-lanJ 
 fifliing floops u(cd, bv means of his (hrouds which he- 
 laved, and now fpliced together, to the quantity of 
 about twenty-five fathoms. 
 
 Leaving the boat till the giwernor, by a general 
 hunting, had killed goats to fupply him with tallow 
 to pay the (earns of her, he went down to Terrier tor 
 the anchor; where a black, called Funi-Fo-Roen, who 
 had been on board the laid I'ortugiiefc, playing in the 
 water with fome others at their ulual game of plung- 
 ing and (Iriking with their feet in imitation of the 
 tbre(her and grampus-fi(h, and diving from him who 
 llruck at him, be happened to hit againtl the buoy, 
 which was about a fathom under water. The ground 
 being a tough, clammy, ftiff ooze, or clay, covered 
 over with foft ooze and fand mixed, they were a lon^ 
 time getting out the anchor, which they afterwards 
 brought to (norc about a mile dillant : and thus the 
 whole was compleated. 
 
 Captain Roberts at length fet fail, and having 
 vifited nil the lower iflands, came about to St. Niihn- 
 las 1 where (lopping rir(l at Porto Gbuy, and then 
 at Paraghifi, the people came down to welcome him, 
 and bought all his I'alt, which was a good commodity 
 then, it being their turtling feafon. At Paragbifi, 
 there came a young man, who laid his name was 
 George J that he was born in Dcvon(hire, and that 
 he had been taken by Loc in his way t'loni \'iiginia } 
 and fome months patl had efcapcd from him at the 
 ifland of St. Vincent, while that pirate was there 
 refitting the Merry Chridmas, of London ; which 
 he had taken alio coming fiom tliat plantation. 
 This young fellow laid, he would lie in tlic vcflel all 
 night, as it was likely to prove b.id weather ; which 
 being agreed, and the boat fccured. Roberts being; 
 very ill, was carried dircClly b.ick again, where the 
 blacks nurfed him, and the little hoy being lomcwhat 
 better than ii 
 with George. 
 
 About eight that night, the wind blowing hard 
 from the fouth-wed, with much rain, Roberts came 
 down again from the quay, and hailed the boat to 
 veer more upon the anchor cable; faying, otherwife 
 it would be loft, but could not make George bear : 
 upon which, a black of St. Anthony (who was very 
 faithful to him) faid, rather than the boat which had 
 carried them through ib many dangers (liould be loft 
 for want of veering the cable, he would try to fwiin 
 onboard at the hazard of his life, and (notwithftand- 
 ing all the dilluafions of tho other blacks, who told 
 him the Tea ran (b high, that he would be dalhed in 
 5 P pieces 
 
 niacKS nurleu mm, anu tne little boy temg lomcwliat 
 better than in the morning, clio(c to be on board 
 
I 
 
 
 1«» 
 
 VOYAGES TO T 11 I 
 
 f'.-J] 
 
 liicci'* ap^ninft thf rni.k«) ualdiini; an o|>|'iirliiiiily "f 
 ihc I'mudilicH vatii, 111' il.iiiiil liiiiilcit hum ihi <ilj;i 
 lit the link, wliuli wa' till) tut jlmvi ilw liiiLi'ii 
 
 .lllil gill I'll III llJ lIlC bo.lt . {lilt 1)1 lull' III' jllMI|lld, J 
 
 fi .1 wilht.l iivir llu' how <it ihi: b>>.it, iiiiil iii^liii lUil 
 liulh li.iir,:. .mil the buy- 
 
 PcK'i'iniu; Kill ^ rlii'rtv inncrniul lur tlw Imy, 
 itu'v uii'li'iiouk liir lii^r.iliiv .It M i.'\ tilts ' I'lii ilii 
 cihlu liri..ikiiig, thi. I 4 cin i il tlu' lio.it ii|< !•■ Iii li mi 
 tliv luii II, I hut l)u' l.:y liiiililliiilii.ll Itii jIiuv •\ ijii iiirt 
 ul Ull 111 'II I. I'lli'V ll.l.l lIlllH ;l!| tiilK til ^tt IHII III 111 I. 
 Altt'i liic III II tii;.;lil WM iivir, (inline Willi I'll I'l'.iii! 
 til I.ivl' wllit lit' iiniKI, I'lit |iii kmly ,i I'.u'.it I. .i lullui;; 
 iivir hrr, l<i tcrritinl liiiii, lli.it lii' iii.iili' uli.it li.ilu 
 hr colli I out iif lici J);.iui, with uiilv a li jmIi- i.I t!ii 
 Uiin.i Viltu Willi.-. !>>iun filter uiiuth.r li..) IIjihI Iui 
 
 to |)ll'tl>. 
 
 I lu' aiiiluT, '.iy liltlii|> II it ill niiilit in the uiml 
 on till* oiL-jImii );ut :i loi.l, wliu li wii on' |ri.it 
 rauk' of the tt'Ji 'US lii.kiiil> tii.u lulil liini liil .iiur 
 tiis .iinvjl 1.1 I'll ;1 iiul, .iiiil ^.11 1: liini I iIuk' tu wiiti 
 hi< liilf'ii'y. I lir iiiuinini>; cK.iriiiii ii{S imc hiiii n 
 tiill view lit' iIk' riiiiis III ti'it or twi'liu iiiuiuIh I,i- 
 lii'iir, wliicli li.iil Int'ii lii'lKoy-' i in uni: niuiiuiu, uiiii 
 l.iy I'lliil lip on tiic (Imti-. 
 
 i IK' li tun Ituu 'Jit Inmi tin- luinur [iiiillu' St. 
 Nicliul.is III his luiC'lii"', anil lioiii ilir l> lliu|ii.i ini. 
 tivo jiriclt-', who guviiud .St. ,\mhi ii\, ti r ilii 
 \iaii|ui> ilis Miniiis, iiniiiiriil liini ^iiat iil|Kit v.liin 
 hi: w.w thi-ri', liuin^ to wait mi thi gmtrni, a- 
 l.iun ti« li.' wmt r|i to tic tmvn, iliniur via* 
 hiiiU'.ht to tab!.' i wliii'h iii.ililt.ii m' liin, I'l iw-, 
 l;uit\-tli ill, Inili III I'Hn-hiiail, pi int >ni>, luii.iiid', 
 builiil [i(iin|iiiin, iVc. Tli.' t'owU wcri' hiiKiil in .i ym, 
 Hiiil I" kill M.'iv '.nil, .iriil as btown an ii ii.i.y h'll 
 bci'ii I'o lit' il i unJ rhi.' v.niioii, nr wiK! (^uji'i-lKlii, 
 anil hill w:;i.' bui'id. i li re wa^ allii a ul iiiiuw, 
 wliiili i> a cjlaliafii i iit in Iau, ami f.it.ii .i.ll.ul 
 ol li.iCuns .ind |itiirin?<r> ; this v.'as bioii,,lit to Irrii lull 
 vi tilh-w.itir, bi'iiu^ rciiCiiiKil liv llimi ihi; liir.'.ul; 
 iiu'l\ lliL'y can yiii' a I'ck oi' wc.ik |ii.iliin ; l.iit liii' 
 aullinr cnuld not tiiui h it. lie lay at unr .'ji:.iioi 
 (jonlalvo's, wlio lull Ikiii roiin'..'rly yuvciiim, ulii.ri. 
 all imai^inablc tan- was taken cC l.im. 
 
 [WlirnCiiiLiiii ll.irioci arrived (.!,> has bitn i.lre.idy 
 mcntioiii'il) Captain Rnliiits was vtiy Ui viii.ililc lu 
 him as a linuiili', and having i'|ii kc to liuii in l.ihail '.'I 
 (jiori;i', (who he Tail!, he licliivtil wunlJ Ik ;,l:id tu 
 work tor hi'! pallaj^e to j;in ot}' tlicfc iflaml- ). ll.iil'our 
 coiiruiinl to t.iki' limi <in board, aillioiitli In- ilid nut 
 want nii.li' bands. At tins, wlun Rulnrts luld 
 (ico.',ip, who was tl'.en at the town, lie Uiir.id 
 ffjoic'jd. Hi'int; come down, he hailed the lil|'anliiu, 
 ■-nd Captain Hailout lent the bc.t I'lr him ; as roun 
 as he was bioiighi on hoard, Ruii.ris oliliiul his 
 cnintcnanc'; tliaivje, but euuKl not imagine the lea- 
 foii : h'lwever. Captain Hatloot foon nia.l'. bun lui- 
 ii;)lc of It : for it leeni', ibe year belori', I,oe toi.k 
 Cupt. Ha toot at Itoiia Viita, whiie this felkw vv.is 
 Ull Liiiaid tlic pirates ; and bavinj^ been .'£ ailliveas the 
 
 reft III plui deriiij.' Ins v. (l 1, wn fo daiiiUid n lli.; 
 Ii;;lili't hiin, thai he b 'd nu loin, . e i > Ipt^ik. I in 
 Ciptaiii, as (i.uii ,.s In I1..1I tcii.ii'ud n.iini'iy iiiiiu,"l» 
 to eiintiiiii bun, ib.it be wan the riinii, l.ii.i, in 4 
 p.illiiin, " iiiu niipuaiiit r.ile.illy vola'ti, I iJiiiiic 
 bow you d.ite i'un;e tu alk a l.ivoiir it me?" I'li* 
 fellow loiikeil Very dijiCt.d, nililly wiv nliXiltle, 
 uliiil^;iil, lliat be was a (.1.1. 11 r i.ii buafd « itb i'.^v 
 pn.ili , an.l umltra'iivd to ilo m li.ii lie diJ, a* lu t 
 da'iii;.; to refiili wb.il nrlliiy lliuiii.l.i |Mi.)ir 10 111,1. 
 nun I liiiii. 7 111. C.i|i:jiii b.idc li'iii bold liin Iniij 11., 
 and till iliein I'll who knew nol'rii. ■ : f.lyln^, " J'hat 
 It br bill liiil llie III I iii!ei,<e nl the d.lil, lit bit 
 mailer I,"', be wuiild not loii.v to ulk bun any 
 laMiur. lie Ull. III!, ili.it il lu was inu 10 lind a n.ail 
 of war to put. hull mi bi .'id ot. b- lun- be Wiiit Itoiii 
 ]tbe iHaiiiK, be wmilil ]^l\e Inin bis i'.ili..g ' to it." 
 I Then tuinin^, to Kuliirt., " jl a ni.in, I. id he, Iboiilil 
 It.ikelb.ilVilLiii c.ii loaiil, til eany liuii lu jiilliee, iiiiil 
 jlliuuld Hint any ni b.a bii'.ber vill .i.i-. (iii!;aniii^ ll'.o 
 . .iiau's) be iiuilil ixp et n!.'li,n[! Liit li.alh." A'ler 
 till-, turning' to (Jur^t, who, to ..il lb.«, npliij 
 It'll .1 W'li.l, be luM liiiii lie O.oul'l ;;o i.n fliuie a^ain, 
 and that if be nut with .iny i.f bis ni,.j,lty '» llilp<, Ik- 
 I'oie 11'' I'.it thufi' if.. .11'!;, he wou.J ^ivc llieiii ..il 
 .ice'i.uni 1.1 ii'ni, ;.iii! p' .lujJe ibeni all he cuiiti', to 
 loiiie and ^:,l\ .. him a p..li ii',e to 'I jburn : ueiiiiii;, 
 th.it he hup .1 b.;i)re bn:,',, tuln.ir ot hi' ni..lLr Lm » 
 rieeiv.n^; the (an,'' lewaul at lonii (uib pl.iee,"] 
 
 On llie 1 jili 1,1 .Septin.b 1, lb y i.li I'uito I'l.tya, 
 niid aneti'iiid at ilie tity ibe i.i.sl day, wb.ie 1111/ 
 lliilid the iim.uniler o( the Wi.tei tiny waiitiil, and 
 luoi^ ,11 til. Ull I'f il.'- i>se;'liai',' pun ilii ns. About ibc 
 lf(il. ot Noviiii'.c, iluv f.iilsd lui I'oito Cidaili-, ami 
 lin tilled a., ay lu ill.' iiuittiiMii.', but ibe (tiip pi.ning 
 leaky, vveie liiisiu to put ill at ^i. Lue.a ; »b< re tl.c 
 lapiai.i leliiii^ |;.itlu ..i.eb.ir tu'i liion, (iliiie biiir.; 
 only the foii-iop-f. it b.ndsd} u i,ult ot svind eaine i tF 
 tile b.ink I ut '.I the Si'iiii'lii'j^s ; an.l b in;; inaviry 
 bad Cuiidiii.m, Roberts ; di ilid ibe eummand'.r to bi iii^j 
 licril..wn tu lJ.iib.iil<i , as tiie ilii'ilill, and ti.e 
 Lif.'-ll mil. 
 
 'I'liiit were on b.iaul her aLeii; itio flaves, a I'or- 
 
 tnguefe fupTeai^jo, ij ilvan, C mpiT, and bi-nor 
 
 Antonio de Harr.i, l.i;e ^.iveri;or ol Caeliea : wliiih 
 
 I lall ubjcetii.:; to li,.rba|i,is, as beii'.;^ but an illaiid. 
 
 R'dv.us •■ 1,1 biiii, Irii'-, It was an id.iml, but lia 
 
 di 'uiUed .\l.;tl.er hi' tuioii li.ivc .'.iiy lliin;^ at l.ilbon, 
 
 whieb •A'.s not nt Hiibadoes, i,\eepi a king, a p.iiii- 
 
 [areb, a nobl'.in.in, and a bifliup : at which tlio 
 
 IHuVeinor I'.u.liii;:, tluv .ill aiiriid to ''O thitlm ; the 
 
 I luptnai;;!', Seiiian, eVe. lij^ning a paper 10 lelii''v, 
 
 . as was II! eeflai V, lluir tree client. Aceoiilint'Jy» 
 
 jmakin' for J{.iil:adu('s, tbiy airii ed there in Ciiliile 
 
 I b.iy, I. Iinlliiias day, 17.:+; and in lefs than three 
 
 nionihi, l.oling froin thence, they c.nne to 
 
 l.illvin, where, nieetin;; w.ib Alex.iiider liaxler, 
 
 111. liter ot the liricket Biij;an!iiu', who j;enerouriy 
 
 uave bulb him and the boy a p:.ll'.i^e ; where (h:V 
 
 ariivedthe latterind ut June in the poit of London. 
 
 VOYAGES TO THE ISL.'VNDS and COASTS 01 AIRICA, from 1420, to 1730. 
 
 THE Portugucfe, who as vvc haveaircsdy obfirveil, 
 were the firll great difcovcrers of n.nipalion, 
 da m the honour of dileoierinj; the ill.nuls ' n the 
 coalt ot Africa, and among them the Cai j'. ;s, which 
 are feven, or as fume reckon eight in iiinl.hLr, Madeira 
 being generally accounted one of tlieiii. However, 
 it appears that this was really ililiovcrcd by ucciiient 
 by an Eimlilliman and his beloved lair one. 
 
 It was in the reign of kin^ Edward the third that 
 one Robert Macliin (or Mafljam) falling in love with 
 7 
 
 a beautiful \oun.; la.lv called Anne d'Aifet, b.v! the 
 mortiliia;:uii to tinil th.it her relations weie iiloKiJ 
 to marry her to a nobl-irian vvhol'e di(lin;^ui(li',d rank 
 and fortune bad biart'd ib'-m in bis f.ivour. Vexed at 
 this difa|>poi;itment (hiving been liil'iii irpeil from a 
 confineiiient he was undir, at the in!li;;atiiin of his 
 niiilrefs's relations) becontrivid to take the lady fri m 
 her new fpoufe and put of}' to fia with her, in order 
 to render a purfuit Iruitlefs. 
 'ilie lovers intend. d to fii.ipc th Tr courlc for Eianc ; 
 
 but 
 
14101 
 
 ISLANDS OF A r IM C A. 
 
 4' I 
 
 hue Matliiii aiid hn an'oclafp* btin^ i^;ni>rinr ,,i tin' 
 iiti (<t luvi^ation, uirc iJr'uLti uiit In li.,i In .i Itioii); 
 
 ixpoi'i J to wiiiiL jikI w.i»<'. iipiiii (l\.' boiiiiilM'- iK'i iiii. 
 Ilii\vi.\i'i , ullfr w.iiiil iifi;; liir I j il.ty, tluy li.iit 
 fight (it JiiunkiMwn c ).ill,,iii>l tlu' ;iilv>'niiii(r, on (.ill- 
 llljf III Willi II, t.ll I llj lll^ nill(lil< on llioi\, IK' rniiiiM 
 iht cnintry .ij;ii Mlily ilivLililiiil, willi lulls .in,! v.\li-, 
 ai.'l it IH I'.iiJ th;il K, .'I'.il M iM b.ill' iMdiL' .ili'iiit him, 
 withiMii iiilrrint; l-i J.i hiiii .my miUiu •. I'luiiiilin ■. 
 I.iitlifr m' til ■ iiniiitrv, hi' iMiiii' to 1 r.iiiml iii.'.nl.iw 
 iliciicUJ Mull l.iiin.!', ;iiiil waiiuil vk iili .i I'iikiII i i 
 vuk't, whikii ill J bill cif lino f.inil, r.iii il^wii Ironi 
 the nidUii'.iin* tliriMijjh it. On an riiiiiiiiui' li.ii' 
 
 tIk'V ruiliul ,1 bl'llUlllul Mil', llllihr wIikIi llu\ In(.k ll|l 
 
 ih'.'ir .ibii'l.', aiul .ilurA.irJi Imilt ih-iiil'i-'Ki s liiii'. in 
 iti ni'inhhiHirlioiid. Tlu'y iki'.v |i.illnl then liiiu' nry 
 .1 ;rcc.ihly, till a ftorni .hull' wliich ilidvr tluir villi I 
 iKim lii'i .intlmr, ami thicw lur on ihi' toaH nl 
 Moriic'.i, wlutt' all till' croa wi'ic niaJc fl.ii'i.'*. 
 
 Here (1111 liillnrian^ iinil Miyi.Acis ilill-r. Soiik- 
 f.iy, th.it ilic Lilly ilyi'i S her Iom r loon rnllowcil h r, 
 whilll otli.'r>, as At h.uc .'.Inaily nliln vi'il in a rornur 
 ivittiil the iNork, alli.rt that hi' wiiit over to Atiiii, 
 ti'im wliciii-i- the MuonCiit hini an a prtliiit to the 
 king ot' Cillllei howev.i lliit iiii;:,lit be, we liiiJ au- 
 thority rullUieiit tor liijijuirliMy the (aCI, that the 
 illiml v.'..-- liill ilifeoveied by one dI our mvii 
 liiition. 
 
 Hut th ■ cmTipk'te difeovery of the iflaiul of Ma- 
 deira, hiti.eito known only by le|ioM, and coiilirnieJ 
 by (onie ot Maeliin\ alloeiite<, leilteiiieil lioni the 
 lioals of MoioLOO, was left to tin- emerprifiii" geniii- 
 (il I'riiiie Henry of l'ottii'',.il, thatli'Jitof a (;looiiiy 
 age, who auakeiieil the Ipirit of dileovery, and wa^. 
 himlelf the j'reat geiiiiiv of navii^ition. 'J'hi- illiil- 
 tniuis pi iiiee litteil oiil a fleet, the eeniinaiul ot wlueh 
 was ^iveii to Juan (iciiifilvo /areo, who was ordered 
 at all ha/.auis ui land at this ill in. I, wliieh was rin- 
 dercil famous <^llly by the deatli ef the Engliih lady 
 above-nientioiKil. 
 
 The voyaj;er in his way touched at Puerto Santo, 
 where he was given to uiiderftaiul that an iiiipenetrablt 
 darknefs hung over the fi.i, to the north-ealt of the 
 ifland. This however did n'..t difeourap.e him •, he re- 
 folved to proceed, and perv trating tiie mill, which 1).' 
 Morales his pilot, who i.ad been a Have in Morono, 
 afTured him, was o-cafioncd only by vapours arifiui; 
 from thick woud», I appily landed according to his 
 dclilnation. 
 
 Doubling a point, to which (jonfalvo gave the 
 name of S. Laurence : they fent on fliorc to recon- 
 noitre the iflaml, and found the tnnih of the Knglilh 
 lady. They f.nv no inh.ibiunts nor aiiv cattle where 
 they laiuLd, but law birds, of various kinds, fo 
 gentle, that they fullered tlumfel.es to be taken bv the 
 hand 1 nor were ihere any venomous animals dil'co- 
 vercd upon the whole idaiul. 
 
 Rcturnin;; with this account to Portugal, in the 
 month of Au;;uft, 1420, it was rd'olved that Gon- 
 falvo fliould return to Madeira, (as it was by this 
 time denominated) in quality of Captain of the 
 inand. 
 
 Accordingly he fet out again in May, 1421, with 
 his wife and family, and arriving fafe in the road then 
 called Englilh Port, he named it Puerto del Machino, 
 in honour of the firft Englifli difcoverer. 
 
 In a fruitful valley, wnerc there was the bcft har- 
 bour adjoining, and a fufficiency of water, this ad- 
 venturer founded the town of Fonchial, and his wife 
 Conft.mtia dedicated there the firft altar to St. Catha- 
 rine. 
 
 After the death of King John, his Ion and fucceffor, 
 in confidetation of the great fums expended in difco- 
 vering and peopling the ifland, by his brother Prince 
 Henry, he gave him the revenues of it for his 
 life J and, as a reward for his indefatigable en- 
 deavours, he gave to Juan Gonlalvo Zarco the title of 
 an £arl, with a new coat of arms, which the family 
 bear to this day. 
 
 " .Some (fiys our nulhtM / CiTprile f.vn in.iiu'' 
 uii.hr the p.imc of Madura, vir. tint piopeily U» 
 lalle'', and Puerto Saiiio j ami if it loimiion wii'i 
 us, a^Hill IS the Portiiguili; and Spiniards, at lhi» 
 dav, to t'A\ the M.ideir.n. It is true, we do not i.t 
 pull lit, ill! Ill le both thule ill.iiids iinler ill it deni . 
 niiii.ilion ) but a former ciillmn mi ',ht tiatv biuu^iil 
 that mode ol exprillion i:Ui> ut -. 
 " rill- ille, whiih took Its iime finni the Rrem qi.nn- 
 tiiyol w (Kill or limber };r'>H in;; on 11, bis Itel'Vien 
 ^.'. iIil;. ti min. nnd j; de;r 5001111. ol notlh laliiii'k'. 
 Dr. !• ryi r, in hisnenuint ol i!i ' 1- Il liulji >, Vc. fay*. 
 I Ins IS the larjull ifland in ih'' Atlantic ocean ; but 
 Teiii nil'.' niav d:lpiite the aJv.iiii J;',e fur li/e. Sonic 
 moderns iti.ikr this ill.iiul 14',' h ai^ues, and o:lirr« |(.o 
 III (III nil ; W'liih' C'.ido M'lt.i, II 'I. e near the tiutli, 
 allows it to be 140 nii|i>. 'I'de lame .lutlior (il),.rv.>, 
 lh.it it has j^i'id ro.ids, but no ports, Puerto Saul", 
 whuh Is about 11 leagues dillanl, may bcficii tioni 11 
 in I It' ir w rather." 
 
 I). Ml II nrv liill fent letters thither, about the year 
 I4jl, under Trillan IViror.., andjiiia tion/.airs 
 /.iiio, whom he apiionicd govt rnor, who had then 
 (hand the wh"le between them 1 the lull liavini» that 
 h.ilf where M.ichinn n'.rtlies; and the other the dif- 
 tiii'lol Koiiihial. li'.- alio lelates that the (ettler?. 
 Ill order to eir.ir the land, let hre fo the woods, which 
 bapii-'ii 'd to Ipie.'d with liii h lull , .is lie had been told, 
 ib.ii (i veral peilons, with tlu 11 l..iiiilus, among whom 
 w. s ( ion/al.'; binilelf, to Ij,'' lie niUlves fiom the 
 flimes, wer.: forced to l.'ke to ilieli.i, win re they 
 Hood up to their necks for two d.i\s and nights, with- 
 out liiltenanre. It was then inh.ibited in four places, 
 viz. at Manehino, Santa tin/, I'dieliial, and Ca- 
 nuira de I, ohm. There vme lome oihei leltleinents, 
 hut thele weie the prim ipal ; wliith, in the whole, 
 cc.iild iniil'er ah lilt 180 men, iiicliiding ICO ho!le. 
 Their nimiber is much iii' realed lince ; tor .Mr. At- 
 kins inlortiis lis, that in 1720, the ifland iiiulKrcil 
 lUiOoo niiiitia, wliicli were kept 111 {^ood (,rder ( and 
 proved very faithful liiiec the revolution in Portu- 
 lal, in 1640, when it then lluiok uti' the Spanilh 
 yoke. 
 
 In 1601, when Motjuet was at this ifland, it h.iil 
 two cities, the principal of wbiih had tv»'o fort relies, 
 the Itruiinerwas ijarriloned with Spaniih, ami llieother 
 with Portu.niefe loldier'i. Thiseity, which he calls 
 Madeiia, and mull he P'onchial, is lituated in a valley 
 and at the fo(^t of a niount.iin i from whence he lays, 
 corn's wall r in lucli abiiiidanec fomeuines, as to 
 caule inundations, which do much dania!;;e, carrying 
 away bridges, lioulus, churches, and other edilices. 
 The citv has been as bij; as St. Dennis, (near Paris) 
 but very populous, to which a great number of flaves 
 contributed, who worked upon the lugar, without tha 
 city. The whole ifland was fcattered over with plea- 
 fuie houfes. lean de Chux, who married the niece 
 of Don Chridoval do More, viceroy of Portugal, 
 was then conlul for the Kiench, wli(>, as well as the 
 Kiiglifti, Dutch and others, h.id many fadlors there. 
 Fonchial is fituate in a bay, on the linith part of 
 the ifie, clofe to the fouth hde, next to which, it is 
 walled, and defended by cannon. Frefli water 
 comes running into the lea in the middle of the 
 bay, from under an arch in the wall. The fliore 
 conlifts of great pebble ftnncs in the bai', and of rocks 
 in other places. The callcrivpart of the road is foul 
 ground, and fliips ride at anchor within reach of the 
 cannon. 
 
 The city is about an Englifh mile in length, and 
 three quarters in breadth. The bay lies in the lati- 
 tude of 32 degrees 10 minutes north, and 10 de- 
 grees one minute weft of the Lizard. The adjacent 
 rural places are very mountainous, but, however, 
 they rival the vallics in fruitfulnefs and delight. The 
 town is refreftied by feven or eight rivers, and variety 
 of rivulets, defcending from the mountains, which, 
 notwithftanding their height and fteepnefs, are planted 
 and improved as well as the moft champaign in Eng- 
 land. At the utmoft top of the hills, the corn thrives 
 
 well, 
 
4io 
 
 VOYAGES TO THE 
 
 1 '! 
 
 !l 'M i 
 
 well, but the abundance of clouds that gather here, 
 are prejudicial to the grapes. 
 
 Captain Urinf;, who was at Fonchial in 1717, fays, 
 " It is defended by two large forts, and a third upon a 
 rock at a little diftance from the fliure, which is very 
 ftrong by nature. On the back of the town, the 
 ground rifes gradually to the mountains, which fprcad 
 levcral miles in form of a femicirclc, the whole fpacc 
 being full of gardens, vineyards, and gcntlemcns 
 country-feats, which make a very agreeable profi)cdl 
 likcwilc. There fall from the mountains behind the 
 town many fine rills of water, that are conveyed by 
 at]ueiiucls for fevcral miles, with which the inhabi- 
 tants water their gardens and vineyards ; it being let 
 in at pleafurc by means of cocks. 
 
 " The port is dangerous, efpccially in weft and 
 fouth-wcrt winds, on which fide the road lies open, 
 and there is no anchoring under forty fathoms above 
 a mile off fhorc, and that no where, but at the well 
 end J fo that when a Iwell from thel'e quarters gives no- 
 tice of a gale's coming, there is no remedy but to flip 
 cable and to fea. The furf too is generally fo great 
 on the beach, that the common method ot lading is 
 to fwim off the pipes to the laur'.h, or .ilfo lade on 
 the beach, and thin run her into the water ; for the 
 fame reafon, the only good time for watering is be- 
 fore the feafon breeze comes on. There is a high 
 rock, called the Loo, with a fort upon it, where 
 fmall veffels may moor pretty fafe from the wcflcrly 
 winds. But if the wiiul vlcis fo as fo turn their 
 heads to feaward, all hand> immediately take to fhorc, 
 and leave the fliip to make the bcft of it againit the 
 florm by herfelf. Nor are the lodgings on flmre 
 much eafier than the road at fea : there arc three 
 towns in it, all on the fouthern fide, viz. Marafylo, 
 a fmall place, with a bay or harbour in the fouth-«c(t 
 end of the ifliind, where there is good anchorage, in 
 twelve, fifteen, fcvcnteen, and twenty fathoms j Fon- 
 chial, in a large bay, near the middle, and Santa 
 Cruz in another open bay or road beyond the for- 
 mer, toward the eallcrn point of Madeira J between 
 which, and Santa Cruz, Machino, or Macham's 
 town, muff be fituate, where we are told by our geo- 
 graphers, that there is a handfomc chuich and cloifler 
 of liernardines. 
 
 The air of Madeira is generally allowed to be very 
 good and temperate and Itldom dillurbed j the heavens 
 being commonly fmiling and ferene. On this occa- 
 ii(.n he obferves, that as thofe climates which be be- 
 tween the thirtieth and fortieth degree of latitude, are 
 generally free from excefs of heat or cold ; they there- 
 fore fitni to bcft fuitedto the delights of human life, 
 as well as accommodated to the conftitution of man- 
 kind. 
 
 Aceordingto thebeft authors, this ifland is moun- 
 tainous, interfperfcd with fruitful valleys. The highcft 
 parts, woods ; which arc haunts for wild goats ; the 
 middle, kitchen-gardens; and the bottom, vincyaids. 
 The roads are bad ; for which reafon the wines arc 
 broiipht to town in Hog-fkins upon aflcs. 
 
 Though the country is mountainous, yet the foil 
 is rich : and it produced, yearly, thirty thoufand Ve- 
 netian ftares cf Bread-corn : and the land yielded at 
 firft feventy to one inereafe ; but is now reduced to 
 thirty or forty for want of good huftandry. 
 
 It abounds every where with fine fprings, befides 
 which, there arc eight rivers. This great plenty of 
 water fivft fuggcfVed the idea to prince Henry of fend- 
 ing fugar-canes hither from Sicily i which bein;{ re- 
 moved into a warmer climate yi(.lcicd greatly, and four 
 hundred cantaros (each an hundred and twelve pounds 
 large weight of Venice) of fugar had been made to one 
 boiling, and were likely to improve. They had like- 
 wife good wines for the time fince their fettlement, and 
 plentv, fa as to export large quantities. Among other 
 vines feme Malvafia (Malmfey) plants from Candia 
 were brought hither, which fucceeded very well. This 
 foil proved fo well-fuited to the vine, that in general 
 there are more grapes than leaves, the bunches very 
 large, trom two to four fpans long. They had like- 
 6 
 
 And 
 
 wife the bl.ack Pergola grape, in pcrfeiflion 
 they began their vintage about Eafter. 
 
 The main produdt of the ifland is grapes brought 
 hither from Candia, of which there are three or tout- 
 kinds, which make fo many different wines : one is 
 coloured like Champaignc of littlccfteem: another is 
 more ftrong and pale, as white-wine; the third fort 
 is rich and delicious, called Malmfey ; the fourth is 
 Tinto, equalling lent in colour, but far interior in 
 tafte ; it. is never drank unlefs in other wints, with 
 which it is mixt, to give them a tin(t^ure and to pre- 
 fervc them. And for fermenting and feeding them, 
 they bruife and take a certain ftone, called Jefs, of 
 which nine or ten pounds are thrown into each pipe. 
 The Madeira wine has in it this peculiar excellence, 
 that it is rheliorated by the heat of the fun when it is 
 pricked ; for this end it is necellary only to open the 
 bunghole and expofe it fo the air. 
 
 The produft of the vine is equally divided between 
 the proprietor and him who gathers and j rL-Ills the 
 grapes : yet for the moft part, the merchant thrives 
 and is rich, whilft the grape-eathcrers is but poor. 
 Among the merchants the Jeluits are none of the 
 leaft confiderable ; they have here ficurcd the mono- 
 poly of Malmfey, of which there is but one good 
 vineyard in the whole idand, which is entirely in 
 their poffcflion. Twenty thoufand pipes of w inc, by 
 a moderate computation, may be reckoned the annual 
 inereafe of the grapes; which number is thus tx- 
 haufted and fpent. Eight thoufand are thought to he 
 Irank upon the ifland; three or four aie w.ii'.d in 
 eakage, and the remainder is exported niolHy ;o the 
 Welt-lndics, efpccially to Barbadois, ulicrc it is 
 Irank more liberally than other Euiup^an wiiu'!. 
 
 llie aftics of the tr-'cs burnt by the dlfcovcrers 
 g.ave a vaft fertility to the liigar-eanes, at their firft 
 phmting, till a worm getting into the canes fpoikd 
 the inereafe ; fo that it was then intirely planted 
 with vines brought originally from Candia, which 
 yield the ftrongeft wines : that called Malmfey is h 
 rich cordial, the bcft made at the Jcfuits garelen in 
 Fonchial, Their vintage is in September ami Octo- 
 ber ; and the yearly produce is about twenty- five 
 thoufand pipes. This wine is of two forts; oncbrown- 
 ifh, and the other red, called, (as we havcfaid) Vino 
 Tinto, from a general opinion that it is ftained, which, 
 however, the inhabitants firmly deny. They are 
 almoft all limed; a prefervative againft the heat of 
 the Weft -Indies, where no other wines keep fa 
 well. 
 
 This ifland affords peaches, aprii'ots, plums, cher- 
 ries, figs, and walnuts; and the Englilh merchant 
 allowed to rcfide and traffic here, have tranfplanted 
 from England currants, goofeb-rrics, filberts. All 
 thcfe arc more kindly entertained in this foil, than 
 many of their fruits are in ours, w hieh is too cold aiiJ 
 moift for rearing thofe of hot climates. The ba- 
 nana is with them in Angular edeem, and even vene- 
 ration, being reckoned for its delicioufnefs, the for- 
 bidden fiuit; oranges and lemons abound in (iich 
 plenty that they drop into their di/hts, while people 
 dine under their fliade. 
 
 Citrons alfo grow here, of which flic natives made 
 a delicate fweetmcat, called Sueket, and load with it 
 yearly, two or three fmall fhips fjr France. The fu- 
 gar, winch in candying them, they make ufe of, and 
 is often effectually prefcribed againft ciinfuniinions, 
 is butrarelv exported, becaufe of its fcaicity, which 
 hardly fupplics the neceflities of the l(l.ind. 
 
 Among the trees, the cedar and nall'o excelled ; the 
 firft, is very fall, thick, and ftreight ; and has a rich 
 fcent, it makes the fineft boards, and is ehirfty ul'eJ 
 for building, the naflo wood is of a very bnj;ht red- 
 rofe colour; and befides boards they made both long 
 and crofs bows which had a jiift Ipring, and were 
 extremely beautiful, which were fent to the weft. And 
 they fupplied all Portugal befides other places with 
 boards. 
 
 The provifions hero, are chiefly kid, pork, with 
 fometimes a lean lieifer, cabbages, lemons, orangeif 
 
 walnuts 
 
t420.j 
 
 COASTS OP AFRICA. 
 
 4«« 
 
 arc 
 of 
 fa 
 
 icr- 
 
 laiit 
 intcit 
 All 
 th.iii 
 aiiJ 
 ba- 
 nc- 
 for- 
 
 flK'll 
 
 LOjile 
 
 nade 
 
 th it 
 
 I'u- 
 
 aiul 
 
 'hicli 
 
 the 
 rich 
 ul'al 
 
 :cd- 
 loiv^ 
 wcr^ 
 AnJ 
 with 
 
 I'iili 
 
 walnuts, figs, yams, bananas, &c. the country fend- 
 ing in whit ijuantity thty guefs will be taken oft', 
 there being no lixcJ marlteii. 
 
 The ordinary food i)f the poorer fort is little elfc in 
 the time of vintage, than bread and npe grapes. Were 
 it not for this great abltcmioiifnefs, the danger of fe- 
 vers, in the hot fiafon, would be rarely avoided, and 
 the venereal cxcefles to which they are ftrangely ad- 
 dicted, loined to the immoJeratc heat of the place, 
 would Be apt to put iiat\ire under various difordcrs. 
 'I'hcrcforc men of the greatctt confcqucnce and ior- 
 tune, feldum exceed the allowable bounds of drink- 
 ing, and accuftom themfelvcs to a very fparcdict. 
 
 The people affedl gravity (faysthc author) and wear 
 black, in compliance with the clergy, who claim fo 
 much authority among them. But they cannot live 
 without the fpado and the dagger } thofc infrparable 
 adjuncts, even of fervants waiting at table, who 
 proudly llrut with the difhes in their hands, and a 
 baflcet hilt to a fword, at leaft, a yard long, even in 
 the midft of fummer. Their houfes too arc plain ; 
 for they are at no great expencc either for building or 
 furniture ; tome of them (hoot up a little in height j 
 in general they arc flat-ioofcd ; the windows are un • 
 glazed, and kept open all day, and clofcd by wooden 
 uutters at ni{e;ht. 
 
 The fertility of this ifland is much abated from 
 what it was in ihe rime of its firft plantati»n, and the 
 continual breaking up of the ground has in many 
 places impoveri(hcd its productions, fo that (hry .u- 
 obliged to let it lie fallow for three or four years, .i!tv i 
 which time, if there fprings up no broom, they con- 
 clude it quite barren.— -The iiufbands, ki tlieir 
 wives an ill example, and the latter make m. fcruplc to 
 indulge their inclinations, when they find an oppor- 
 tunity, elpccially with llrangers. This is imputed 
 in a great meaflire to the parties marrying w ithout a 
 previous knowledge, or even an intcrvie < of each 
 otlver. 
 
 " In treating about marriage, their principal inqui- 
 ries are into the family, and defcent of tii.' lover, 
 for preventing alliances with Moors or Jews, who 
 arc very numerous. To join in matrimony with any 
 of them, is eftctmcd a debafemcnt, efpcciiilly in a 
 woman. Neither muft any of them narry any tnglifh 
 merchants (whofe perfons arc very acceptable to thebeft 
 of families) u'nlefs the latter firft change their religion. 
 Sometimes indeed, an objcaion is made on account of 
 fortune; for it has been known, that an inequality 
 that way has been deemed by their fubtilc cafuifls, a 
 juft plea for difl'olving the contraA. Murder here has a 
 kind of reputation ; and it 1> made the charaCieriftic 
 of any gentleman of rank or fafliion to have dipped 
 his hands in blood. The chief fourcc of this exe- 
 crable crime is the protcdlion it receives from their 
 churches j which fort of fanftuarics are very nume- 
 rous, Fotichial being full of them ; bcfides many 
 more difperfcd through their country plantations. The 
 indulgence g .'cn to fuch malcfadlors is the grcatcft 
 reproach to religion and humanity. It is enough if 
 the criminal can lay hold of the horns of the altar ; 
 and the utmoft penalty they infliCl is baniihment or 
 confinement, both which, by large prefents, may be 
 bought off. The clergy here are very numerous, and 
 daily increafe. Near the chapel belonging to the Je- 
 fuits, is a certain hofpital, much frequented by the 
 natives, erected for the entertainment and care of 
 fuch as are infeftcd with the venereal difeafe. Their 
 churches are mod commonly made ufe of for renofito- 
 ricsof the dead. The corpfe is curioufly drefled and 
 adorned ; yet in the interment, they mix lime with the 
 earth to liaften the confumption of it, by which 
 means there is room made within a fortnight foj- a 
 frefh body." 
 
 Puerto Santo was difcovercd about the year 1418, 
 by the Portuguefe, on All Saints day, whence it takes 
 its name { and Prince Henry of Portugal, iirlt fent 
 inhabitants to fettle there under Bartholomew Peref- 
 trellow, whom he appointed governor. It it about 
 15 miles in circumference. 
 Vot. I. No. 36. 
 
 This ifland bears good bread corn, and oats enough 
 for its own ufe } but a!'^unds wiili oxen and wild 
 hogs, and there arc rabits out of number. Among 
 other trees it produces the dragon tree, the lap or juice 
 of which is drawn out at certain feafons only of the 
 year, when it ifl'ues into clefts, made with an a,Vi 
 near the bottom of the trunk the year before. Thefe 
 aie found full of a kind of gum, which decocted and 
 depurated, is the dragon's blood of the apothe- 
 caries : the tree bears a fruit that i'j well tailed, and 
 round like a cherry, but yellow. Here arc the bell ho- 
 ney and wax in the world, hut nut in any great quan- 
 tity. There is alfo plenty of good fifh about it, fuch 
 as dcntali, gilded filh, and others. It has no port., 
 but good mooring in the road, which is fheltetul ou 
 all fides, but between fouth and call, the winds blow- 
 ing from this quarter, make it unfafe riding here. 
 
 In April, 1595, Captain Amias Preffon, with 
 only 60 men, took the ifland and chief town, which 
 was very handfome and large. The inhabitants fled 
 with their goods to an exceeding high hill near the 
 fame, which the Englilhdurft not attack. Theene- 
 my would have ranfomed the town, but it was burnt 
 down in revenge of former ill treatment. The like 
 was done by the villages on the ifland, which was at 
 that time inhabited by old foldicrs, whom the king of 
 Portugal ufed to place therr, to reward their former 
 fervices. In 1681, when Baibot failed that way* 
 Puerto Santo had then on it fome v illages and ham- 
 lets. 
 
 Of the Canary iflands in general, we have the 
 following account. They moflly abound in the ne- 
 cefTariesof life, except water, which not being good, 
 the inhabitants ilrain it through filtering liones. 'The 
 h.irveft is commonly in March or April at farthef^, 
 and in fevcral places they have two each year ; and 
 the author had I'een a cherry-flip produce fruit in fix 
 weeks after grafting. Here alfo grows the Orifclle, a 
 plant that bears the Canary feed, and requires a great 
 deal of care and management here, but grows in Hol- 
 land, and other parts of Europe, without any trou- 
 ble. The Canary birds which breed in France, nei- 
 ther fing fo fwcet, nor have they fuch a variety of 
 beautiful plumage, as here on their native foil. Be- 
 fides many other vegetables, there were beans, peas, 
 and caches i a grain like maife, ufed for improving 
 the land ; papaus, cherries, guavas, pumkins, and 
 extraordinary fine onions, with all forts of garden 
 greens, and roots, pot-herbs, and fallading, as well 
 as variety of flowers. Of fifh they have niackarcl in 
 plenty, befides fturgcon, which the poorer fort feed 
 on. They are likewife well flocked with deer and 
 hcrfcs. Thefe are the produCls of the iflands in gene- 
 ral, but in particular, Lanzarota excels in horles} 
 Grand Canaria, Palma, and I'encrifle, in vines | 
 Forteventura for common dunghil fowls i andUo- 
 mera for deer. 
 
 Grand Canaria is the principal of all the refl 
 of the iflands, not in fertility, but as being the feat 
 of juflice and government among them. There is a 
 governor for the ifland only ; bcfides whom, here are 
 auditors, who are fuperior judges, and adl jointly in 
 commiffion as the lord chancellor of any realm ; re- 
 ceiving and hearing appeals from other iflands. The 
 city is called Civitas ralmarum. It hath a beautiful 
 cathedral, with all the ufual dignities. For the ad- 
 miniftration of civil affairs in the ifland, there are 
 feveral aldermen who have great authority, and a coun- 
 cil houfe to themfelves. The city is beautiful, and 
 the inhabitants drefs very gay and rich. After any 
 rain or foul weather, a man may go clean in velvet 
 flippers, becaufe the ground is fandy. The air is 
 very temperate, and free from the extreme of heat or 
 cold. They have two wheat harvefls, viz, in Feb- 
 ruary and May. The grain is exceeding good, and 
 makes bread as white as fnow. There are in this 
 ifland three other towns, named Tclde, Galder, and 
 Guia; alfo 12 fugar houfes, called Ingenios, in which 
 a great quantity of good fugar is made. The growth 
 of fugar it in this manner : A good foil yields nine 
 5 Q, •op, 
 
4" 
 
 VOYAGES TO THK 
 
 tMW. 
 
 
 
 in 1 8 years: Firft, they take a cane, which is called 
 the Planta, and laying it along in a furrow, cover it 
 with earth, fo that by a fluice they can let the water 
 run over it. This pl.int, in the nature of a root, 
 brings forth fundry canes, which grow two years be- 
 fore they are fit to cut. They are cut even with the 
 ground, and the tops, with the leaves called coholia, 
 being chopped off, the bodies arc tied into bundles 
 like faggots, and carried to the fugar-houfcs, called 
 Ingenio's. When they are ground in a mill, and 
 the juice conveyed by a gutter to a great vefll-l where 
 it is boiled till is comes to a due thicknef:., and then 
 put into earthen pots, of the mould of a fugar-loaf, 
 and phictd in a purging-houfe to purge and whiten, 
 which is done with a certain clay laid on the top. Of 
 the remainder in the vefll-l is made a fccond fort, 
 called efcumes; and of the purging liquor, that 
 drops from the white lugar, is made a third fort, 
 the remains of which is called pancia, or netas : 
 the refufc of all the purging, is called molafles ; and 
 of that is m.ide another fort, called rehnado. When 
 the firlt crop is thus finished, the canes of which, 
 arc called pl.inta, then the If raw, (or \Yithcred leaves 
 of the canes) lying all over the field, (or cane piece) 
 arc fee on fire, which likewife burns the (lumps of 
 the canes clofe to the ground : and thus, with good 
 hufbandry, and watering, at the end of other two 
 years, it yields the fecond crop, called zoca ; the 
 third is called tenia zoca, the fourth quarto zoca ; 
 and fo the reft, till age caufcs the old canes to be 
 planted .igain. 
 
 This ifland produces very good wine, cfpccially in 
 the town of Tcydc, and many forts of good fruits, 
 as melon!:, pears, apples, oranges, lemons, pome- 
 granates, figs, peaches of fcveral forts, and many other 
 fruits i but efpecially the plantanc. It is no timber- 
 tree ; it grows near the fides of brooks, is very ftraight 
 in the body, and has furprifingly thick leaves : which 
 grows not on the branches, b'lt out of the top of the 
 tree, every leaf being two yards long, and almoft 
 half a yard broad ; each tree has but two or three 
 branches ; and on them grows the fruit, which are 
 thirty or forty in number, more or Icfs ; it is (haped 
 like a cucumber ; and when ripe, is blac^.. being 
 then more delicious than any conferve. The plantane 
 bears fruit but once, and then is cut down, another 
 fpringing up from the fame fruit, and fo on continu- 
 ally. 
 
 This idand yields enough of oxen, camels, goats, 
 fheep, capons, hens, ducks, pigeons and large par- 
 tridges. Wood is the thing molt wanted. It (lands in 
 twenty-fcven degrees north. It is thirteen or four- 
 teen leagues each way, and about forty in circuit • 
 according to the common opinion, it is the fame 
 which the ancients, particularly Ptolemy, called by 
 this name. It is the mod particular of all the iflands, 
 and its chief city, called Canaria, and Cividad de las 
 Palmas, the capital of all the reft. 
 
 Teneriffe, (lands in twenty-feven decrees and 
 an half north, and is didant from Canaria twelve 
 leagues to the northward. It is fcvcnteen leagues in 
 length, ..nd lies high, in form of a ridge of plowed 
 land in fomc parts of England. In the midll of it 
 (lands a round hill, called the Pike, or Peak, which is 
 in heighth, to afcend, fifteen leagues and more, 
 and about half a mile in compafs at the top ; out of 
 which, oftentimes proceed fire and brimllone, 
 being in form of a cauldron. Within two miles of 
 the top, are nothing but a(hes and pumice (lones, 
 and, beneath that two miles, is the cold regions, 
 covered all the year with fnow. Somewhat lower, 
 are prodigious large trees growing, called vinatico, 
 which are exceeding heavy, and lying in water will 
 never rot. There is likewife a wood called Bar- 
 bufano, of the fame quality with many favine, and 
 pine-trees. — Beneath thefe are woods of bay-trees, of 
 ten or twelve miles long ; where it is picafant riding 
 among the great number of fmall birds, that fing ex- 
 ceedingly fweet, efpecially one fort of them. This 
 bird is very little, and coloured in all refpe£ls like a 
 7 
 
 fwallow, only it has a little black fpot on its bread as 
 broad as a halfpenny : he hath a more delightful note 
 than all the rc(l : but if he be irrprifoned in a c.igc, 
 lives but a (hort time. 
 
 Tcnerift'e produces all the fruits that Canaria doth, 
 and hath in common with the other illands, a parti- 
 cular kind of (hrubs or rulhes, out of which illiies 
 a milky juice, which danding a little, thickens, .ind 
 is very good bird-lime : but the tree called drago is 
 peculiar to Tencriftc, grows on high rocky land, and 
 by incifion at the bottom, yields a juice like blood. 
 This ifland abounds in corn more tlian all the reft : 
 and in fa£l, is a mother or nurle, to all the others in 
 the time of fcarcity. There grows alfo upon the 
 high rocks a kind of mofs, called oichcl, which is 
 bought for dyers. There are alfo twelve fugar-works, 
 called Ingenio's; but above all, there is a fmall plot 
 of land, about a league in compafs, the like of which, 
 perhaps cannot be (hewn in all the world bcfides. It 
 lies between two towns, the one called Larotava, and 
 the other Rialejo. This fingle league of ground pro- 
 duccth fweet water out of the cliffs, or rocky moun- 
 tains ; corn of all forts ^ all kinds of fruits; excel- 
 lent filk, flax, wax, and honey ; and very good wines 
 in abundance : with great dore of fugar, and plenty 
 of fire- wood. This idand exports great quantities of 
 wines for the Wed Indies, and other countries. The 
 bed grows on the fide of a hill, called the Ramble. 
 The city, called Laguna, dands near a lake, and 
 three leagues from tlie fea. It is handfomely built, 
 and has two fine parilh churches. This is the re- 
 fidence of the governor, and alfo of the aldermen, 
 whofc places are puichafed of the king. Mod of the 
 inhabitants of this city, are either gentlemen, mer- 
 chants, or hu(band-men. There are four towns 
 more, called Santa Cruz, Larotava, Rialejo and 
 Gar.-ichuz. 
 
 This ifland, before its conqued, had feven kings, 
 who, as well as the people, lived in caves, and uled 
 the fame diet, and goat-(kin cloathing, like thofc of 
 Canaria. I'he manner of burying their dead was 
 thus : they carried the corpfe naked to a great cave, and 
 there fixed it upright againd the wall : and if he were 
 of any authority among thim, they put a daft' in his 
 hand, and fet a veflel of milk by him. I'he author 
 had fcen three hundred of thefe bodies in a cave to- 
 gether, the flefh of which was fo dried up, that the 
 body remained like parchment. Thefe people were 
 called Ciuanchcs ; and had a peculiar language, quite 
 dift'erent from the Canarians, and (b in the red, the 
 inhabitants of every ifland had a didinfl tongue, be- 
 fides the language common to all. The king of 
 Spain receives from the ifles of Canaria 50,000 ducats 
 yearly, for cullom and other iluties. All the three 
 are joined into one fee, worth to its bldiop 12,000 
 ducats yearly.—— 
 
 TenerifTe, though but the fecond idand, in point 
 of precedence, is the chie(, with refpeik to its extent, 
 riches or trade. Sir Edmund Scory, fays, this idand 
 has been called Nivaria, from the Inow that enclofes 
 the neck of the Peak of Tcyda, like a collar: the 
 name of Teneriffe being given it by the inlialiitants of 
 Palma, in whofc language, Tcncr figniiiesfnow, and 
 Id'e, an hill. 
 
 At Santa Cruz, the bed riding is not above half a 
 mile from (hore, in thiity, forty, or fifty fathoms, 
 black, flimy ground: it there be many (hips, they 
 mud ride clofe by one another. The (hore is gene- 
 rally high h.nd, and in mod places deep to the water. 
 Between this and the watering-place, arc two little 
 forts ; which, with fomc batteries fcattercd along the 
 coad^ommand the road, which is dill farther Icctircd 
 by two other forts, that defended the town ; being 
 a fmall place without walls, and fronting the lea. 
 
 [The houfcs, (in number about two hundred) arc 
 all of done, three dories high, built drong, and co- 
 vered with pantiles. The belt buildings in it arc the 
 churches and two convents. But ail could not fecure 
 the Spanilh galleons when here from Admiral Blake, 
 though they hauled in clofe under the main fort, thv 
 
 wal) 
 
 # 
 
I4i0.] 
 
 COASTS OF AFRICA. 
 
 4»J 
 
 •A 
 
 walls of which, then carried the marks of his (hot. 
 Wrccics of the galleons lay there in fifteen fathonis, 
 with the greater part of the plate. He cannonaded 
 the town alfo, and did it a great deal of damage.] 
 
 About three miles oft', up a pretty fteep hill, lies 
 Laguna. The land on each fide the road is rocky, 
 yet relieved with fome fpots of green flourifhing corn. 
 Thcfe were terminated with fniall vineyards on the 
 fide of the mountains, intermixed with abundance of 
 wafte rocky land, producing nothing but wild 
 bu'hes and poifunous canes. 
 
 The town exhibits a very agreeable profpeA, as it 
 ftands upon the fide of a liill, and ilretches its 
 Ikirts on the plain behind. It is pretty large, and 
 well conipadted. There are fevcral gentleman's 
 houfes handfomely built : as alfo two nunneries, an 
 iiofpital, four convents, (of their Saints Aullin, 
 Dominic, Francis, and Diego ) feme chapels, 
 and two parilh churches, both with pretty high 
 Iquare (leeples, which top the reft uf the buildings. 
 1'he ftreets are fpacious, and tolcfably handfome, 
 though not regular, and the whole is fet oft° with a 
 large parade in the heart of the town, furrounu^d 
 with good buildings. Many of the houlcs arc rendered 
 more agreeable by gardens, laid out in parterres of 
 fallading and flowers, bordering round with oranges, 
 limes and other fruits. 
 
 As the town ftands high from the fea, and open to 
 the caft, it has the benefit of the true trade-wind, 
 which is commonly fair, fo that they feldom mifs the 
 refrefhnicnt of a brilk cooling breeze all day long, 
 which comes over the plain, that lies on the 
 
 back of it. r— This is bounded to the weft 
 
 with mountains, from whofu foot iftues out a fpring 
 of frefli cool water, which is conveyed over the plain 
 in ftone pipes raifed upon pillars, to a conduit on 
 the fide of the town. And near the other fide to the 
 caft ftands a natural lake, or pond of frcfli water, 
 half a mile in circuit; which not only fupplies the 
 cittle, but is covered in the winter time by fcveral 
 forts of wild fowls, affording plenty of game to the 
 inhabitants of the town, called Lag'^ne from this 
 lake. Upon the whole, confidcring the fituation, iti 
 large profpe£l to the eaft, (from hence you fee the 
 Grand Canaria) its gardens, pleafant plains, green 
 fields, the pond and aquedu£f, and its refrefhing 
 breezes -, it is a very delightful habitation ; cfpecially 
 for fuch as have not much bufmefs far from home : 
 for it is very troublefomc travelling in a ftony uneven 
 road, amongft fteep and craggy mountains, upon 
 mules or alles, which are ul(:d alio for carriages. 
 The road from the port of Santa Cru-/,, to the Cividad 
 de Laguna, lies up a fteep hill. The city is beautifully 
 fituated in the middle of a plain, tea miles in com- 
 pafs, inclofed with ' igh mountains on all fides, 
 except the north-wofl, lying upon a flat feven leagues 
 in Ungth to the fea. 'itne vapours exhaling from 
 thence, being circulated among the intricate moun- 
 tains, raife a wind, which often refrefhcs the city 
 from this quartet} beginning at twelve o'clock at 
 noon, and holding till night, though it blows at the 
 fame time full fouth-eafl at fea. I'his north-weft 
 breeze ufually comes on at twelve o'clock at noon, 
 and holds till night, which is cool enough on ac- 
 count of the great dews then falling. Their houfes 
 are built with ordinary rough ftone, two or three 
 (lories high at moff, and generally but one, in the 
 (kirts of the city, and they have no chimneys, not 
 even in their kitchens, in which, they make only a 
 flat hearth againft a wall, and thus roaft their meat. 
 The town is well laid out, and the flreets very 
 (Irait. It has no walls round it, but is vtelk fup- 
 plicd with water. 
 
 The famous Peak of Tcneriftc, may be feen fixty 
 miles at fra : it can be climbed onlv in July and 
 Auguft, being full of fnow all other months, 
 although there is no fnow in other places thereabouts. 
 It is three days journey up; and from the top, 
 which is flat, all the other iflands may be feen : from 
 it muchbrimftone is carried into Spain, of which the 
 
 author had a piece given him by alkipper. lUckman 
 fays, it ftands towards the middle of the illaiid, 
 rifing like a pyramid, or rather fugar-loaf; but that 
 he could not fee the top bccaule of the clouds. 
 It has the appearance of a heap of rough rocks, 
 piled thus ( it is thought by niituralifts ) from fome 
 fubterraneous conflagration which had formerly burft: 
 out. 
 
 There are three relations of this famous mountain, 
 written by cye-witnelVes, and Englifhmen, who all 
 feem to have made the journey up it : the firft was 
 written by Sir Edmund Scory, Knt. a learned gentle- 
 man, who wrote oblcrvations of the peak, and other 
 curiofities of the Ifland of Teneriftc. He fays, 
 " This great mountain of Teyda, commonly called 
 the Pi:ak of Tcncritfe, ftrikes one with amazcmeiu, 
 both near and at a diftance. It extends its bafe to 
 Gairachuz, from whence it is two days and a half 
 juurney to tlie tup, which, though it feems from 
 below, ai (harp as a fugar loaf (which it moft re- 
 fembloii} is yet a flat, the breadth of an acre ; and in 
 the midft of that there isagulph, out of which are caft 
 great ftones with a prodigious noife, fl?nie, and fmoak. 
 Seven leagues of the way up, may be travelled on af- 
 tes or mules; but the reft mi ft be climbed on foot ; 
 and that not without tlificulty ; every one carrying 
 his own victuals and wine with him. The alcenc 
 of the hill for ten iniLs upwards from the foot, is 
 adorned with tlie fineft trees in the world, of di- 
 vers forts ; the ground being well watered with rip- 
 lings running from fprings, which joining at length 
 dcfcend in large torrents (cfpecially when fwelled by 
 the violent winter rains) into the fea. In the middle it 
 is intolerably cold ; through which one muft contrive 
 his journey out fo as to travel on the fouth fide, and in 
 the day-tmie only. This region ends within two 
 leagues of the top, where the heat is no Icfs extreme 
 than at the bottom. By the fame rule the bcft wav is 
 to keep on the north fide, and travel only by night. 
 The proper time of the year is about Midlummer, as 
 avoiding the torrents caufed by the fnow. And if the 
 top is reached by two o'clock in the morning, a paf- 
 fenger may ftay there fome hours, but not after fun- 
 rifing, a little before which there ilFues a ftream of 
 heat from the Eaft, not unlike the fteam of a hot 
 oven. 
 
 " It is remarkable, that from the top the fun appears 
 much lefs, a little after it has afccnded the horizon, 
 than when viewed below, and feems to clear, ferene, 
 and defecate ; it never rains near the top, nor was 
 there ever any wind upon it. Though the illand is 
 full of (harp ragged rocks, to the number of twenty 
 thoufand, yet from hence the whole appears as a plain, 
 hid out in portions by borders of fnow, which, how- 
 ever, are nothing clfc but the white clouds, that are 
 many furlongs beneath. 
 
 "Alhhe upper part is barren and bald, without tree 
 or (hrub upon it j out of which, on the fouth fiile, 
 there iflue ttrcanis of brimftone into the neck or re- 
 gion of fnow, which lies iiiterveincd as it Wire with 
 brimftone in fcveral places. The fire from the vol- 
 cano in the top uf the mountain, breaks out ofteneft 
 in the fummer time ; and w hen a ftoiic is thrown 
 down, it refounds like a vefltl of hollow brafs, ftrutk 
 with the grcatcrt force by a prodigious weight. 
 
 " TlieGuanches thought it was Htll, and that the 
 fouls of their anceftors, inch as were wicke^, went 
 thitherto be tormented, while the good and valiant 
 retired into the pleafant valley, where the great city 
 de Laguna now ftands, with other towns about it, 
 and indeed there is no place in tlie world that has a 
 more delicate temperature of air, nor any country 
 which af}brdsa more beautiful profpect than is beheld 
 from the centre of this plain : which is fcrtilifcd hy 
 abundance of water falling along the crannies of the 
 rocks, in little ftreams down the mountains, till 
 fevcral joining, form rivers, which ren »long the 
 plains into the fea. 
 
 " The original of the (juanchcs are not certainly 
 known, they were, and are, merely barbarous, and 
 
 withvut 
 
 % 
 

 in 
 
 VOYAGES .O THE 
 
 [16001 
 
 I 
 
 without letters 1 tiieir language, which remains to 
 thisduy among them in the town of Candclaria, has 
 great alfiiiity to that of the Moors in Harbary. Be- 
 tancourt, the firft difcovcrcr of thcfc ides, reprefeiited 
 them as mere pagans, ignorant of Uod ; on tiic con- 
 trary, Sir Kdmund alTurcs us, what they held, there 
 was a fupreme power which tliey called by divers 
 names ; as, Achurahan, Achuhuchanar, Achguay- 
 nxciax ; fignil'ying, l^c Grcateft, the Highelt, and 
 Maintainer of all. When they wanted rain, or had 
 too much, or in any other calamity, they brought 
 their Ihecp and goats intoa place appomted, and fever- 
 ing the young ones from their dams, raifed a general 
 bleating among them, which they imagined would 
 sppcafc the wrath of the Supreme Power, and incline 
 him to lend them what they wanted. I'hey had fome 
 notion of the immortality and puniihment of fouls 
 hereafter i fince they thought there was fuch a place 
 as hell i and particularly, that it was in the peak of 
 Teyda, as before-mentioned. They called hell, 
 Echcyde, and the Devil, Guayotta, but had no com- 
 merce with him, that the author could obfervc. 
 
 •' In civil affairs they had fomething of order; they 
 acknowledged a king, and themfelves his valTals, 
 whiii; they confirmed at marriage. They rcjefled 
 ballardi., owned a right of fucceflion in the race of 
 kings; made laws, and yielded fubjodion to them. 
 The kine held his refidence in natural caves, or hollow 
 rocks. For many years the ifland was fubjeft to one 
 king, calli! Adexe, who growing old, his fciij 
 formed a confpiracy againft him ; and, there b>.iiig 
 nine of them, divided the ifland into fo many king- 
 doms. All their wars were made only to fti al cattle 
 one frohi another, and cfpccially the fpotted goat<, 
 which arc in great and facred eftecm among them. 
 There is very little difference either in body, colour, 
 or fmoothnels, betwixt the EngliOi fallow-deer, and 
 their goats. With regard to marriage, the men ufed to 
 a(k theconfent of the intended bride's parents, which 
 being obtained, there was little more ceremony ob- 
 ferved before coiifummation, as far the author could 
 learn ; and what was fo eafily done, was as eaflly un- 
 done i for whenever they had a mind, they might fe- 
 paratc, and marry with others at their pleafure ; but 
 with this reftriclion, that all children begotten after the 
 divorce, were illegitimate, and efleemed as baftards ; 
 the kings alone, for fucceffion's fake, being exempt 
 from this cuilom ; for whom alfo upon that account it 
 was lawful to marry with his own filter. At the 
 birth of a child, water was poured upon its head by a 
 woman appointed for that purpofe, who was, from 
 that time taken into affinity with the family ; nor was 
 it lawful for any of that race to marry or cohabit with 
 hrr. The young men ufed the exercifes of leaping, 
 running, throwmg the dart, throwing a ftone, and 
 dancing, in which, to this day, they much pride and 
 delight themfelves ; and fo great was their native 
 virtue, and honeft fimplicity, that this was an inva- 
 riable law among them, if any of their foldicrs, either 
 openly or in private, offered any rudencfs to a wo- 
 man, he was affuredly put to death. They were 
 handlbme in ftaturc, well formed, and of a good com- 
 plexion. 
 
 *« On the fouth fide the people wtre of an olive co- 
 lour; but on the north fide fair, cfpecially the wo- 
 men, having bright fmooth hair. Their common 
 drcfs was a uiort coat, made of lamb (kins, without 
 plait, collar or fleevcs, being falhned together with 
 itraps of the fame leather. This was ufed equally by 
 men and women, and was named their Tomarce ; 
 but the women, for modefty's fake, wore another co- 
 vering under it like a long caffock, made of fkins, 
 which reached down to the ground, holding it inde- 
 cent for a woman to have her breafts or feet unco- 
 vered. In this garment they lived ; and in this they 
 died, and were commonly burnt in it. For provi- 
 fion they fowed .barley and beans ; wheat being utterly 
 unknown to them. They roaftcd their barley by the 
 lire, and, grinding it in hand-mills, wet the flour 
 with water, milk or butter : this they called Uiffip, 
 
 6 • i 
 
 which they ufed for bread, and was their chief fuf- 
 tenanee. However, fometimes they eat the fltfli of 
 fhccp, goats, and hogs, but not commonly ; for this 
 was regulated on certain days, which they keep like 
 the feffival wake days in England. At thele meetings, 
 the king, with his own hands, diltributed to every 
 twenty of them, three goats, and a proportion of 
 giffio, after which, every company came before the 
 king, and (hewed their agility in leaping, running, 
 wrenling, darting, dancing, and other fports. Du- 
 ring thefe times, the men had liberty to pafs to and 
 from the enemy's country,. and the enemies fometimes 
 would feaft one with the other. When the feafun for 
 fowing their feed came, the king laid out the land in 
 lots to every man, which they ploughed up with goats 
 horns, and uttering certain words, threw their feed 
 int^ the ground. All other works were done by the 
 women. 
 
 They had a kind of fruit called Mozan, about the 
 bigncfs of a pea. At firft it is very green, grows red 
 as it ripens, and being full ripe, turns hlack much 
 like a blackberry in England, only the tafle is ex- 
 ceeding pleafant. They luck only the juice of them, 
 which they call Joya ; and they make a kind of ho- 
 neyof them called Chacerqucm. They gather thefc 
 mozans very ripe, and lay them in the fun for a week, 
 then breaking them to pieces, they are boiled in wa- 
 ter to a fyrup. Thisisthiir phyfic for a flux, and pains 
 in the back : in both cafes, tncy ufe bleeding alfo in 
 the arm, temples, and forehe.-ul, with a flint Itone. 
 
 The fecond journey up the peak was performed by 
 fome Rnglifli merchants.— —They fet out from 
 Oratava, a port town on the north fide of Teneriffc, 
 two miles from the fea. They travelled from 12 at 
 night till eight the next morning, and then got to the 
 top of the firft mountain, towards the Pico de Ter- 
 roira. Here, under a very great and conf'picuous 
 pine-tree they broke their faft, dined and rtfrefhed till 
 two in the afternoon, and then proceeded through 
 much fandy way, over many lofty mountains, but 
 naked and bare, and not covered with any pine trees, 
 as their firft night's paffage was. This expofed them 
 to cxceflive heat, till they arrived at the foot of the 
 peak, where they found many large ftones, which 
 feemed to have fallen down from fome part above. 
 About fix this evening they began to afcend the peak ; 
 but after they had advanced a mile, finding the way 
 no longer paffablefor horfes, they difmountcd, and 
 left them with their fcrvants. In this milr'!; ifccnt, 
 fome of the company grew very faint anc! fi.-k. dif- 
 ordered by fluxes, vomitings, and aguilh diitcmpcrs) 
 and the hair of the horfes flood upright, like brilllcs. 
 Calling for fome wine which was carried in fn:all bar- 
 rels, they found it fo very cold, that they could not 
 drink it till it was warmed, although as yet the tem- 
 per of the air was very calm and moderate ; but wheit 
 the fun was fet, it began to*blow with fuch violence, 
 and grow focold, that having taken up their lodgings 
 under fome large ftones in the rocks, they were 
 forced to keep great fires before the mouths of them 
 all night. About four in the morning, they began to 
 mount again, and being got about a mile up, one of 
 the company was not able to proceed any farther. Here 
 began the black rocks. The reft purfued their jour- 
 ney, till they came to the Sugar-loaf, where they 
 again met with white fand . "To encounter thisdif- 
 f^ult and danrerous paffage, they were p.ovided with 
 flioes, whofe loles were made a finger broader than the 
 upper-leather. At laft they gained the fummit, where 
 they found no fuch fmoak as appeared a little below, 
 but a continual breathing of a hot and fulphureous 
 vapour, which made their faces extremely fore. In 
 this paffage they found no confidcrable alteration of 
 air, and very little wind; but being at the top, ' it 
 was fo impetuous, that they drank the king's health, 
 and fired each his "piece. Here alfo they eat. But 
 their ftrong water had quite loft its Ibrce, and was be- 
 come almoft infipid, whilft their wine was more fpi- 
 rituous and briflc than before. The top on which thejf 
 ftood, being not above a yard broad, it the brink of • 
 
 pit 
 
 
 
is62.] 
 
 COASTS AND ISLANDS OF AFRICA. 
 
 445 
 
 ith 
 
 ;he 
 
 of 
 it 
 
 1^ 
 
 a 
 t>it 
 
 pit called the Caldera, which thry judged to be about 
 11 muCquct-ftiot over, and near So yards deep. It is 
 Ih.iped like aconc, hollow within like a kettle, and 
 all over covered with (inall Hones, mixed with I'ul- 
 phurand liind. Kron amoiigll thefe there ifliie di- 
 vers fpiracles of fmoak and heat, \vhieh, when Hirred 
 with any thing, piift" ami makeanoifc, and arefool'- 
 tVnlive, that the merchants were almoft Itiflcd with 
 the I'uddcn irruption of vapours upon the removing 
 of one of ihele Hones, which are likewifcfo hot, as 
 not catily to bj handled. They did not defeend above 
 four or live yards into the Caldera, on account ot 
 the ground llipping from under their Icct, and the dif- 
 hcuity of getting down i hut lomc hive ventured to 
 the bottom. They obferved here nothing reniiirk.iUle, 
 except a clear fort of fulphur, which looks like (alt 
 upon the ftones. 
 
 From this famous Peak, they could difccrn the 
 (irand Canaria, 14 leagues dillant ; Palma iS, and 
 (jomera, feven leagues j which interv;il of lea Teemed 
 to them not much larger than the river I'hanics at 
 I^ondon. Their view extended alfo as fir as Ferro, 
 above 20 leagues, and a great wav h.'.oml, over the 
 fur face of the ocean. As foon as t'le tun appeared, 
 the lliadow of tiie Peak feemed to cover, not only 
 the illand of TeneriHe and Gomera, but even the 
 fea to the vcrr hori/.oii, where the top of the Su- 
 gir-loaf or Peak, diiliiully appeared to turn up, and 
 iMil its (hade into tlie air itl(.lf, at v. hich they were 
 much lurpriled ; but the fun was not fnr rifen, when 
 tile clouds bejvin to rile fo f.ii!-, as to intercept their 
 prol'pect both o! the fea and Tencriffe, excepting 
 only the tops of the adjacent mountains, which feemed 
 to pierce them through. Whether thefe clouJs fur- 
 mounted the Peak, tliey could not fay ; but fuch as 
 were far beneath, feemed to hang above, or rather to 
 wrap thcmfelves about it, as they conftantl'/ do when 
 the north-weft wind blows: this they call the Cap, 
 and is a certain fign of enluing ftonns. One of this 
 company, who made this journey two years after, ar- 
 rived at the top of the Peak before day, and creeping 
 under agreatftoneto fliclterfrom the cold air, after a 
 little fpace, found himfelf wet, and perceived it to 
 come from a particular trickling of water from the 
 rocks above him. They faw many exiib';rant fprings, 
 ilVuing from the tops of molf of the mountains ; and 
 gulhing out in great fpouts, almoil as far as the large 
 pine-tree before-mentioned. Having ftaid fomc time 
 upon the top, they all defcended by the fandy way, 
 till they came to the foot of the Sugar-loaf, which, 
 being ilcep, almoil to a perpendicular, they foon 
 parted. Here they met with a cave aboi.t ti n yards 
 deep, and 15 broad, in fliapelike an oven, having an 
 hole at its top near eight yards in diameter : into this 
 tliey were let down by ropes, faUened round their 
 waiifs, and held by their fervants at top, fwingin 
 thcmfelves in the defeent, till being over a bank of 
 I'now, they ilij down upon it ; ihev were forced to 
 fwing thus, becaufc in the middle of the bottom of 
 the cave there is a rounil pit of water, rcfembling a 
 well, the furfacc of which is about a yard lower 
 than the fnow, but as wide as the openin'5 at top, 
 under which it lies, and is about fix fithomsdeep. 
 They fuppoled tliis uater to proceed not from a fpring, 
 but dlirilv'! (ni'W blown in, or moifture trickling 
 throuv'i tne rocks. About the fides of the grot, f- r 
 fome height, there was ice or iceicles hanging down 
 to the ("now ; but being quickly weary of this exeeffive 
 cold pl.Kc, and drawn up again, th y continued their 
 defeent from the mountams, by t!ie fame paflages they 
 went up th- day befoie, and about five in the even- 
 in;^, airived at (.)ratava, liieir faces being (bred and 
 fore, that to cool them, they were forced to waflt and 
 batlie them in ihe whites of egfs, &e. [The per- 
 pendicular height of t!ie Peak is commonly efteeni-.d 
 t'> be about two miles and a half.] They found no 
 trees, herbs or (hrubs in all the w:.y, but pirns, and 
 amongll the whiter fands a fort of biooni, being a 
 buihy plant ; likewife at the llde, where they hv all 
 night, ilieie was a kind of cordon uliich had Hems 
 
 'Vot. 1. No. 37. 
 
 eight feet high, and the trunk near half a foot thick, 
 every Item growing as four-fquarcs, and (hooting 
 from the ground like tufts of rulhes ; upon the edges 
 of thefe Hems grow very fmall berries, which, being 
 diueezed, produced a poifonnus milk ; this lighting 
 upon any part of the horfe, or other bead, fetches off 
 the hair from the fkin immediately. Of tlicleadpart 
 "f this they made their (ires all night. This plant is 
 alfo univcrlally fpread over the illand. 
 
 On Tuefday, Auguft the 13th, 1715, at half an 
 hour paft tin at night, Mr. James Fden, incotn- 
 pany of four EnglKhmcn and aDutchman,witli horfes 
 and fervants alio made this journey. — They let for 
 ward from the port of Or.itava, having a guide who 
 had conduced all who made this journey for years. 
 They came to the town of Oratava, at half paH: 
 eleven, which is about two miles from the port. 
 Here they got walkiiig-ftalfs to help him in af- 
 cending the deep of the peak. Atone, on Wednef- 
 day morning, they came to the foot of a very Peep ri« 
 fing, about a mile and a half above the town of Ora- 
 tava, w here it began to clear up, and being full moon, 
 they liiw the Peak, with a white cloud, covering tb« 
 fop like a cap. At two, they came to a plain pl.icc in 
 the road, which the Spaniards called Dornnjitoen al 
 Montcverde, the little Trough in the Green Moun- 
 tain, fo called, he fuppofes, bccaufe a litile below 
 this plain, on the right as they went there, is a deep 
 hollow, at the upper end of which is a wooden fpouc 
 fetin a rock, and a defeent a little lower, with a 
 trough to receive the water, which comes from the 
 mountains through the fpout, and is very clear and 
 cool. 
 
 After travelling a road fomctimcs rough, and fomc- 
 tinies Imooth, they came at three o'clock to a little 
 wooden crofs, on the left hand, which the Spaniards 
 call La Cruz de la Solera, The Crofs of the Solera, 
 being made with a piece of Solera, which is a long 
 pole, having a hole at each end, which the Spaniards 
 ufed to draw wood with, faftening one end to the 
 timber, and the other to the oxen. Hut why they were 
 fet up here, the author could not tell, unlefs fomebody 
 was killed thereabouts. At tliis place they faw the 
 Peak before them j and though tlicy had come up 
 hill (]uite from the port, yet, in their opinion, it 
 feemed almoft as high here as there, the white cloud 
 hiding the greate(t part of the Sugar-loaf. About 
 half a mile farther, they came to the fide of a hill, 
 which was \'cry high, rough and ftcep, the place being 
 named Caravalla, fo called, he fuppofes, from a great 
 pine tree on the right hand, (there being many on 
 both fides of the road) which the guide defired them to 
 obferve, having a great branch growing out, which, 
 with the boughs upon it, looked like the forepart of a 
 fliip. Amongll thefe trees, not a great height in the 
 air, they f.iw the lulphurdifcharge itfelf likcafiiuib, 
 or ferpcnt, ni;ide of gunpowder, the fire running 
 downwards in a ttrce.'.;, and the fmoak afcending 
 from the pl.ace where il firft took fire. They faw the 
 like next night, as they lay under the rocks at La 
 Staiu;-': but he could not obferve whether either of 
 them g.Hve any report. Three quarters after four, 
 they came to the ti.p of this mountain, where grows 
 a lari%' tiee, which the Spaniards call El Pino, de la 
 Merinda ; that is. The Pine-tree of the afternoon's 
 meal. The fires made by travellers baiting here, had 
 burned it at the bottom, from whence the turpentine 
 had illiied out. At a few yards diftance, they had a 
 fire made, whore they refre(hpd thcmfelves. and their 
 horil's. A jrreat many r.abbits breed there among thefe 
 hills, which ar: fandy. There is alfo much land a 
 great way up the Peak itfelf, and not far below the 
 Sugar-loaf. 
 
 At three quarters after five they fet forward a-ain, 
 and at half paft fix came to the Portillo, in 1-pa- 
 ni(h, a Breach or Gap, from whence they faw the peajc 
 llii! coveted with a cloud at its top, about two leagues 
 and a half before them, and the Spaniards (iiid, they 
 were about the fame diftance from the port. At half 
 an hour paft feven, they came to Las FalddSi that is, 
 S R The 
 
VOYAGES TO THE 
 
 4*6 
 
 1'lic Skirts of the Peak : from whence to La Stnncha, 
 which is a qiuirter uf a mile up from the foot of the 
 pc.ilc. They roilc upon little light ftoncs, not much 
 bigger than one's flft, and a p;reat many not broader 
 than a Ihillin^, which, out of the beaten track, 
 went almoll over the horles hoofs. Thty covtr the 
 giDunJ a great depth : for the author aliglited, and 
 tii.RJc a hole, but could not tind the bottom of 
 thcni. 
 
 There are a great many large rocks, fome of them 
 two miles or thereabouts from ihc foot of the Peak ; 
 wliicli, the I'cak-man told them were calt out from 
 the lip of the Peak, at the time it was a volcano. 
 iMinyulthem lie in heaps about lixty yards long) 
 ui.d they obfcrved, that the farther thcl'c rocks were 
 fiom th^- foot of tlie Peak, the more like they were to 
 the Hone uf tonmion rocks : hut the nearer the Peak, 
 the miiri.' black and folid j and fomc of thim, thougli 
 not iiuiiy, i^loliy like flint, and all extremely heavy. 
 Thole, which fiianc, the author fuppofes retained 
 their natural coloui : but fome looked like drofs out 
 of a fmitli's forj^c i which, he makes no doubt, was 
 occafuned by the extreme heat of the place they 
 came from. Some of ihefe great rocks were throwii 
 uut of the Caldera, or kettle, on the ti'p of the lV»k, 
 and others from a cave or clllcrn, which is a good 
 vay up tlie fide of the Peak, and has by fome been 
 thought to have no bottom. 
 
 TlK•ya^liveJ at La Stancha, at nine o'clock, about 
 a qu.irter of a mile abme llit foot of tlic Peak on thi. 
 e.ilt iulc, where arc three or four l.irgc, hard and 
 I Kd bl.ck rniks : ur.dcr fomc ol thcfe they put their 
 horlls, and lay djivn thenifelves to fleep under others, 
 h.iving firft rcireilicd with a little wine. Mianwiiilc 
 their cook drcllcd them a dinner, both roall and boiled, 
 which, (after rcpofing) they ate about two in the 
 afternoon. 
 
 Eartward from the Peak, at four or hve miles dlf- 
 t.incc, there are fcverni mountains, called the Mal- 
 peflcs, and one lying a lilllemore to the fouihward, 
 called la Montanode Rejad.i; all which were formerly 
 volcano'j (though inferior to that of the Peak) as 
 apiKars by the rocks and fmall burnt Hones that lie 
 near them, jult in the fame manner as about the 
 Peak. 
 
 After they had dined, they lay down ai before to 
 take a nap under the rocks: but not llecping very 
 well, they got up again, and while the reft fpent the 
 afternoon at cards, the author made it his bufinefs to 
 admire the ftrangenefs and vaftnefs of that great body, 
 " It is (fiys he) very wonderful : Infomuch, that 
 it is inipoflibic to exprcfs to one, who never law it, in 
 vvh.1t manner that confufed heap of rubbifli lies :" 
 about fix at night, they law theGrand Canaria from 
 La Stancha, bearing from them" eaft-by-north. 
 About nine, after fupper, they retired to their 
 former lodgings ; where, laying ftoncs for their 
 pillows, and their cloaks for bcd-cloaths, they en- 
 deavoured to flccp for a great while, in vain. Some 
 Ivin:; pntty nij;h a fire, complained of being burnt 
 vn one fide, and frozen on the other : others were 
 fally.ti'rnienttd with fleas; thourjh it were fomewhat 
 llranje that they fhould be found in a place where 
 the air is fo very fharp and cutting in the night time. 
 The author thinks they were brought thither 
 by the goats, which fometinies get under thefc 
 rocks ; and the rather, bccanfe they found a 
 elcad goat in a cave at the top of the Peak. He 
 liippiilcs this goat ftraggling up by chance, was 
 benighted, and feeling the cold, got in there for 
 warmth ; where, meeting with too much of it, 
 and a very ftrong fulphureous v,ipour, he was ful- 
 fiicatrd : for they found him almoft dried to powder. 
 Between eleven and twelve they got to fleep, and 
 nwakini' at one, their guide told them, it was time 
 to prrp.iie for their journey; upon this they arofe, 
 .iiid in half an hiur were all upon the march, leaving 
 their liorfe-s and fome of the men behind. 
 
 Between La Siancha and the top ot the Peak, there 
 were two vci y hi^h mountains, bciidc!) the Sugar-loaf, 
 
 ['7»S' 
 
 each of which, i> almoft half a mile's walk. On 
 the fiilf the rubbifh is fmallei, and they were apt tu 
 flip back in flcppinK forwards: but the uppermoil was 
 nothing but a monlTrous heap of hard, rocky, great 
 Itones, which lie loofc, and are thrown together in a 
 very confufed manner. After retting fevcral times, 
 they came to the top of the firft mountain, where 
 they refrefhed with a little wine and ginger-bread. 
 Then they began to afcend the fccond, which is 
 higher than the firft, but better walking, becaufc of 
 the firmncfs of the rocks. Having laboured up this 
 feir about half an hour, they had iightof the Sugar- 
 loaf, which they could not fee before, on account of 
 the interpofition of thefc great hills. At the top of 
 this fecond mountain they found a way almofl level, 
 but bearing fome fmall matter up-hill : and about a 
 furlong further, came to the foot of the Sugar-loaf, 
 where, looking upon their watches, they found it to 
 be jull three o'clock. The night was clear, and in 
 that place the moon (hone very bright, but over tha 
 li:a they could lee the clouds, wliich looked like a 
 valley of a prodigious depth below them. They hail 
 a brilk air at fouth-eaft-by-fouth, in which point it 
 ftood for the mod part, during their journey. While 
 they fat at the foot of the Sugar-loaf, refling and 
 refrelhing, they faw the fmoke break out in levcral 
 places, looking like little clouds, which quickly va- 
 niflied, and were as foon fucceeded by others. At 
 h:ilf and hour paft three, they fet forward to afcend 
 this lall and Iteepcft part of Iheir journey; and after 
 refrelhing twice or thrice. Mr. Edens, with others, 
 by running, completed it in a quarter of an hour: 
 but the r; ll, with the guide, did not reach the top till 
 four. 
 
 " The top (lays be) is partly ov.nl, the longefl 
 diameter, lyiig north-north-weft, and fouth-fouth- 
 eaft, anel is, as nigh as he could gucfs, about 14.0 
 yards long; 111 breadth, about 1 10; within the cir- 
 cuit, is a very deep pit, called the Caldera, or 
 Kettle, the decpelf part of which lies at the louth 
 end : it was, he thought, forty yards deep from the 
 higheft fide of the Peak, but a great deal fhallower 
 from the fide towards Garrachico. It is very fleep 
 all round : and in fome places not lefs fo, than the 
 defcent on the ouifidcof the Sugar-le>af. They went 
 all to the bottom, where lay a great many very large 
 Hones, fomc of them higher than their heads. The 
 earth within the kettle being rolled up long, and put 
 to a candle, burned like brimftone. Several pl.tces 
 within-fidc the top were burning, as on the out-fide 
 has been already obferved j and in fome parts, 
 turning up the Hones, they found very fine fulphur 
 fticking to them. At thele holes, where the fmoke 
 iflued out, it was fo hot, that they could not en- 
 dure a hand there long. At the north-eaft-by-eaft, 
 within the verge of the top, was the cave where they 
 found the dead goat : in which cave fometimcs the 
 true fpirit of fulphur diftils, as they were told; but 
 none dropped while Mr. Edens was there. Before 
 the fun rofe, he thought the air as cold as he had ever 
 kno«n it in England in the fharpctt froft : he could 
 fcarccly endure his gloves ofF. A great dew fell all 
 the while till fun-rifing, which they found by the 
 wctnefs of their cloaths : yet the fky looked there- 
 .ibouts as clear as poffible a little after fun-rifing. 
 
 They faw the fhadow of the Peak upon the fea, 
 reachiiig over the ifland of Gomera : and the (haduw 
 of the upper part, or Sugar-loaf, they faw imprinted 
 like another Peak, in the fky itfelf, which looked 
 very aii-.azing : but the air being cloudy below them, 
 they faw none of the other iflands, but Grand Ca- 
 naria. 
 
 At fix o'clock, on Thurfday morning, they came 
 down from the top of the Sugar-loaf, and at feven 
 they came to the ciftern of water, which is reported 
 to be without bottom. This the guide faid was 
 falfe : for that abogt feven or eight years before, 
 when there was a great volcano in this country, the 
 cave was dry, and he walked all about it : and 
 the dcepeft part of the water when the author was 
 
 there, 
 
i-«s-] 
 
 COASTS AND ISLANDS OF AFRICA. 
 
 4»7 
 
 m, 
 ^a- 
 
 me 
 ■en 
 ted 
 
 vas 
 
 rft 
 the 
 nd 
 nt 
 re, 
 
 here, WIS not ahovc two futhoms. Mr. Edcns 
 giirfTcd this cave to be in length, about thirty-five 
 yard* J in brcinllli tuilve; nm\ its ordinnry depth 
 tourtcen,whirh thclV.ik-m:\ii told them was lalt-pctrc. 
 1 here was boHi ice and Inow in it at that time ; and 
 th'.- ice was of a great thiiknels, covered with water, 
 ab'iut Icnec deep. 'F'hcy let down a bottle at the 
 end nt a firing tor Come of the water, which ihey 
 drank with a little lu^j.ir : but it was the colilclt the 
 author ever tailed, 'I'he ice being biolien under the 
 mouth i)f the ca\», they could fee the (lonti lie at 
 the b'jttiiin, as it was very dear. A little to the 
 riglit-hand, the ice had rilen up in a hij:h heap, 
 fpiriiii; like a fugai-loaf, and there he juil;;cd the 
 water tame in. In their way back, three or four 
 niilis from tlie I'cak, they palled by a cave, where 
 there wcrcagicat number of Skeletons and bones of 
 men ; and fome fay of giants : but they knew not 
 ho.v many bodies lay tlure, nor how far the cave 
 extended. On the i 5th of Auguft, about fix o'clock 
 in the evening, they came home to the port from 
 whence they let out, having thus fatisficd their 
 euriolity.— — 
 
 The illand Is full of fprlngs of ficfh-water tafting 
 like milk, which, in Laguna, where the water is 
 not clear, they depurated by tikering ftoncs. The 
 author confirms the account which Mr. Nicols 
 gives of the manner of the interment ufed by the 
 natives of thefc iflands. He tells us, " That he 
 went from Giiine, to a to*n for the molt part 
 inhabited by (ucli a? dirive thcnifelvcs from the 
 antient Guanches, in company of fomc of them 
 ' view their caves, a f.ivout they leldom or ever per- 
 ..lit to any, having the bodies of their antcllors in 
 great veneration, and being likewifc extremely averl'c 
 to the dilJurbing of the dc.id. But having endeared 
 himfrlf to them, by fevcral cures which he bad per- 
 Jormed out of charity, for they are very poor, (and 
 yet the pooreft think themselves too good to marry 
 with the Spaniards) he obtained the privilege to 
 vifit thofc caves and bodies : othcrwife, an attempt 
 might have coft him his life. The corpfes are fcvNcd 
 up in goat's-fkins with thongs of the fame, in a very 
 curious manner ; particularly as to the fcains, which 
 are remark.ibly even and exaft. The (kins are 
 made very tight to fit the corpfe, which for the moll 
 part, arc entire : i.n thofe of both fexes are ((ill found 
 the eyes, ( but clofed ) hair on their heads, ears, 
 nofes, teeth, lips and beards ; likewife the pudenda 
 all perfeft, only difcolouicd, and a little fhrivelled. 
 'I'hedortor law about three or four hundred in feveral 
 raves, fome of them Itanding, others lying on beds 
 of wood, fo hardened by an art thiy hail, that no iron 
 tould pierce or huit it. 
 
 Being one day a huntiii!», a ferret, (which is much 
 in ufe there) hnvinga bell about his neck, ran after 
 a coney into a hole, where they loll the found of the 
 bell. I'he owner being afraid he fhould lofe his 
 ferret, fecking about the rocks and Ihruhs, found the 
 mouth of a cave ; and entering in, «as lo affrighted, 
 that he cried out. It was at the fight of one of ihefe 
 bodies, very tall and large, lying with the head on 
 a great ftone, the feet fupportcd with a little wall of 
 fiiinr, the body itfclf reding on a bed of wood (as 
 before mentioned). The fellow being now a little 
 out of his fright, entered in, and cut off a great 
 piece of the Ikin that lay on the breaft of his body ; 
 which, the dodiir fays, was more flexible ar.d pliant 
 than ever he telt any kiJ-leather glove : yet lo far 
 from being lotleu, that the man ufed it for his flail 
 many ye.-.rs after. Thcfe bodies arc very light as if 
 made of Ifraw : and in fome tliat were broken, the 
 nerves and tendons were obferved, as alio the veins 
 and arteries, like ('rings, vcrvdillinillv. 
 
 By the relation of the moll antient among them, 
 there was a particular tribe tliit had this art only 
 among themfelves ; which they kept as ;i thing facred, 
 and nut to be communicated to the vulgar. 'I'heff, 
 w ho were alio their priefts, mixed not with the tell, 
 nor married out of their own tribe. But when the 
 
 Spaniards conquered the place, moft of them were 
 dcllroyed, and the art penfhed with them ; only they 
 had preferved by tradition a few of the ingrcilients 
 ulcd in this bulinefs, viz. they took butter mixed 
 (fomc fay) with bear's greafc, kept for the purpofe in 
 (kins. In this they boilid ciiiain herbs, as a kind 
 of wild lavender growing pknlilully on the rocks ; 
 likewifc an heib called Lara, of a very gummy and 
 glutinouscoiifiHence, found under the tops of moun- 
 tains : thirdlv, a kind of cyclamen, or fow-bread : 
 fourthly, wild-fage, <»f which there is plenty here: 
 and lome others unknown, rendering it thus a perfeifl 
 balfam. This being prepared, they firll oiibowrleJ 
 the corpfe, and waihcd it with a lixivium, made of 
 the bark of pine trees i drying it in the fun in fiim- 
 mer, and in a Hove in winter. This was repeated 
 very often. Then, they began their unction 
 both without and within, drying it as before. This 
 they continued till the ballam penetrated into the 
 whole habit, the mul'cles in all parts appeared 
 throuuh the coiitraifted (kin, and the body became 
 exceeding light. Alter this, they fewed thcin in 
 thcgoat-fkiiis, as above mentioned. It is obl'ervablc, 
 that in the poorer fort, to fave charges, they look out 
 the brain behind ; they fewed them up alio in (kins, 
 with the hair on : whereas the richer fort were put up 
 in (kins fi) finely and exaitly dielicd, that they 
 remain extremely pliant and (uppic to this day. 
 
 Their ancient people lay, that they have above 
 twenty caves of their kings and great pcrlonages, 
 with their whole families; yet unknown to any but 
 themfelves, and which they never difcover : laftly, 
 this author obl'erves, that bodies are found in the 
 caves of the Grand Canaria in facks, quite con- 
 fumed, and not intire as thefc in Tcncrifi'e.— — 
 They have earthen pots (b hard, that they cannot 
 be broken; ofthefe, fomc are found in the caves, and 
 are gem rally ufed by the poorer people that find them 
 to boil their meat in. In order to give all the light 
 we ran into the embalming ufed by the Guanchies, 
 wclhall fubjoin what Sir Ldmund Scory fays of the 
 matter. 
 
 " The ancient Guanchies had an appointed 
 officer, or cmbalmer, anlwerable to esch fex, whofc 
 bufinefs was to make a certain piefcrvation com- 
 pounded of the powder of furzes, and a kind of rough 
 (tones, the rinds of pine-trees, and feveral herbs in- 
 corporated together, with goat's butter melted ; and, 
 after wafliing the dead corpfe, they fluffed it with thit 
 balfam for fifteen days fuccelTivcly, laying it in the 
 fun to dry : the frientls of the deccafed keeping thcfe 
 as days of mourning for them. This done, they 
 wrapped the body in goat-fkins, fewed together with 
 great nicety, and carried it, thus made up, to a 
 deep cave, to which none could have acccfs." 
 
 It is obferved that Teneriffe abounds with 
 wheat, and barley, and excels the red in plenty of 
 all fuch kind of provifions, fruits and flowers, as grow 
 upon any of the iflands. Captain Roberts faw here 
 a great coral tree, " perhaps the largcft (fays he) yet 
 known in the world." Another v<n agcr, befides the 
 dragon-tree and Aloes plant, mentions the pine, a 
 native of Teneriffe. This tree yields a certain gum or 
 pitch, which they extradl in thi- manner : they lay 
 the cleft wood crofs-ways over a pit, and then let 
 fire to them at top, which forces the pitch to run out 
 below. 
 
 The ifl.ind produces three forts of excellent wines, 
 Canary, Malmfey and Verdona, which may all go 
 under the denomination of Sack. The vines which 
 yield the Canary, are (aid to have been tranfplanted 
 itithrr from the Rhine by the Spaniards, where meet- 
 ing with abetter foil, inftead of (harp Rhcnifli, they 
 produce that delicious wine, vended all over Eu- 
 rope. 
 
 We are told by Captain Roberts that there is a gold 
 mine lying within the Point de Negos. On which 
 occafion he obferves, that a poor man, more hafty 
 to get rich than his neighbours, was taken up on one 
 of ihefe golden mountains, with fuch tools and in-< 
 
 ..(umcats 
 
418 
 
 VOYAGES TO THE 
 
 ['7'5. 
 
 I 
 
 ^i 
 
 ftrumcntt about |iim, as plainly (hewed what he had 
 been I't-arching for, and that fomcf^old alt'u being found 
 upon him, he was hanged but a few days betorc the 
 author's arrival. 
 
 1 he vines, whieh produce the excellent wines 
 peculiar to this ifland, all grow about the city, within 
 ii mile of the Tea, fuch as are planted farther up in the 
 land not being ellccmcd, nor will they thrive in any of 
 the olher illands. 
 
 In fome places of this ifland grows a fhrub called 
 Lc.;njn, which is brought to England for I'weet 
 wuud. Here ate Iikiwifc apricots, peach and pear- 
 trees, that bear twice a year ; and the Prcgnada le- 
 n\on, which hath a fmallonc within it, from whence 
 it takes its name, is found here. They have fome 
 rolton and coloquintida. — — The roles blow at 
 Chriltmas) here are good carnations; but no tulips 
 will tlirive. Samphire covers all the rocks, and 
 the ground abounds in clover. Another gral's grows 
 near the lea of a broader leaf, fo lufcious and rank, 
 th.it it will kill a horle, yet is not fo pernicious to 
 other hearts. Eighty cars of wheat have been found to 
 fpring from one root ; the grain of this kind is Iranf- 
 parcnt like the purell yellow amber; and in a good 
 year, one bulhel of feed had yielded a hundred. 
 
 The Canary birds, which are brought to England, 
 breed in the channels, ni.ulc by the water pouring 
 down from tha mountains, and arc very cold. Here 
 are alio (juails and partridges larger than thofc in 
 En::lanJ, and very beautiful. Cireat wood-pigeons, 
 turtles in the (piiig, and crows; — and foinetimes 
 the falcons fly from ihc coall of tiarbary. Bees prol- 
 pcr in ihc mountains exceedingly. 
 
 Of rtfl), there is the cherna, very large, and of a 
 finer relilh than any in Englaiui. The mero, dol- 
 phius, fliarks, and lobfters, which have no great 
 claws, which are reckoned the very belt (hell filh in the 
 world; they grow in the rocks fi.'cor fix under one 
 great (hell, through the top holes of which, they peep 
 out with their heads ; by which, the flitlls being a 
 little more broken open, they are drawn out. There 
 is alfo another fort of Hfh like an eel, which has fix 
 or fcven tails, of a fpan long, pointed to one body, 
 and a head about the fame length, Befides ihefe, they 
 have turtles, and cabrido's, which arc better than 
 turtles. 
 
 Santa Cruz is a haven lying on the north-eart fide; 
 bcfides which, there are three fine cities, St. Cl)rif- 
 toval dc laLaguna, Oratava, and Garrachico, already 
 noticed. 
 
 The ifland is parted in the midft with a ridge of 
 mountains, and looks, in this refpe<5t, not much un- 
 like the roof of a church, having the Peak for a (leeple. 
 The land is divided into twelve parts, ten of them 
 are taken up in impaflable rocky hills, woods, or 
 vineyards, the remainder only arable land. In 1582, 
 5200 hannacks of wheat were gathered, befides infi- 
 nite (lore of rice and barley, hour hannacks and a 
 half make one cjuartcr Eni^lifli. It is a rich foil, and 
 with proper tillage would bare every thing that is va- 
 luable and rare. The vineyards are chiefly in Bona 
 V'iita, Dante, Oratava, Tiguefie, and elpecially the 
 Ramble, which laft produces the bcft wine of all. 
 There are two forts, viz. Vidonia, andMalmfey. Vi- 
 donia conies from a long grape, and is a heavier wine ; 
 the .VlalmlLy from a large round grape ; it never fours 
 with heat, nor fieczcs into ice with cold. For fruits 
 there are no where to be found better melons. Pome- 
 granates, ponitcitrons, figs, oranges, lemons, al- 
 monds and dates, hoiiLy, and confequcntly wax, and 
 (ilk of an excellent quality. 
 
 The north fide abounds with wood as well as wa- 
 ter. There grow the cedar, cyprefs, and bay-tree, 
 the wild olive, maftic, and favinc, with beautiful 
 palm and pine-trees, very tall and ftrait. There are 
 abundance of them all over the ifland; and all the 
 wine-calks and wooden utenfils are made of this 
 wood. Befides the ftraight pine, there is another fort 
 which grows I'preading like Lnglifli oaks; this they 
 cjill The immortal Tree, becaufu it never rots either 
 
 under ground, or in the water. It is almoft as red as 
 Utafil wood, and its hard, but notfo unctuous as the 
 other pine. Here is alfo the dracon-lree ; the trunk 
 is very thick, and rifes vaftly high, the bark being 
 like thefcaleof a ferpent, whence he fuppoles it had 
 its name, I'he branches all ifluing from the lop are 
 all wove in pairs like the mandragora ; they are 
 formed as round and (iiiooth as a man s arm, the le.ivc* 
 about two feet long, growing as it were out of the 
 fingers. It is not of a woody fubftancc within the 
 baik, but confifts only of a light fpongy pith, with 
 which they commonly make bce-liives. Towards the 
 lull of the moon, it fweals out a clear vermilion 
 gum, which they call Botter, and far more aftringent 
 than what comes from Goa, and the £a(l Indies, 
 which the Jews adulterate, 
 
 Tenerifie is the heft peopled, for its bignefs, of 
 any ifland in the ocean, containing about 1 5000 in- 
 habitants. According to fome, it was reported the 
 ifland could raife 12,000 men with proper arms and 
 accoutrement. — As to the Spani(h inhabitants, the 
 people of quidity arc very alt'able and courteous, but 
 the vulgar fort, like thofc in Spain, very proud and 
 lazy. 
 
 Cjomera (lands to the wcflward of TenerilTe, at 
 fix leagues diftant. It is but a fmall ifland, being no 
 more than eight leagues in length, yet an earldom ; 
 but in Ci/c of controvcrfy, the vallals of the earl of 
 fiomera, have an appeal to the king's judges, who 
 refide as above-mentioned in Canaria. 
 
 Here is one good town, called Ciomera, which has 
 an excellent port or harbour for (liips, where the In- 
 dian fleet often take in refreflimcnts for their voyage. 
 There is alfo grain with fruit fuflicicnt for fupport of 
 its iniiabitants ; and one fugar-work ; with great 
 plenty of wine, with leveral lorts of fruit, fuch as 
 Canaria and Tenerirte produce. This ifland yields 
 no other commodity, but Otchel. It (lands in 27 de- 
 grees north latitude. 
 
 Palma i^ 12 leagues dillant from Gomera, north- 
 well. It lies round, being in circuit near twenty- 
 five lean;ues. It .ibounds in wine and fugar. It hat 
 a hanillome city, called Palma, where there is a great 
 trade in wines tor the Well-Indies, and other parts. 
 I'he city Uas one church, and a governor, and an al- 
 derman to adminifier jullice. This ifl.ind had alfo 
 another pretty town, called St. Andrew's. Here are 
 four works, where they make excellent fugar, two of 
 them are called Zauzes, and the other two Tafi'acort ; 
 but the land yields but little corn, with which the 
 inhabitants are fupplicd from Tenerift'e, and other 
 places. Their bell wines grow in a foil called the 
 Brenia, where there is made yearly 12,000 buts of 
 wine, like Malmfey. It has great plenty of every fort 
 of fruit, as Canaria and Tenerifi'e have, and plenty 
 of cattle. 
 
 About the year 1652, there broke out a volcano on 
 this ifland, with fo violent an earthquake, that it was 
 felt at Tenerifte, where the noife of the flaming brim- 
 done was heard like thunder by the gentlemen wha 
 gave the account, as well as others ; and the fire 
 was feen for fix weeks together, as plain by night as a 
 candle in the room, A great quantity of a(hes and 
 fand were alfo carried fo far as to that ifland, 
 
 FhRRO, or the Ifle of iron, (lanils two leagues dif- 
 tant from Palma, north-weft. It is but fmall, about 
 fix leagues in circuit, and belongs to the earl of Go- 
 mera. It is.fituate in the latitude of 27 degrees,— —> 
 The chief commotlities of this place are goats flc(h, 
 and orchel. There was never a vineyard upon the 
 ifland but one, which was planted by an EnglKhman 
 of Taunton in the weft, whofe name was John Hill, 
 It has no frefh water but what comes bv rain, which 
 is gathered in the following manner: In the middle 
 of the ifland grows a great tr^c, with leaves like an 
 olive. This tree is conftantly covered with clouds, 
 and they fay the leaves drop very fweet and wholc- 
 fome water into a great ciltern, which is built under 
 the tree. The water thus taunht not only ferves all 
 the wants of the people, but there is enough alio fur 
 
 tke 
 
f+16.] 
 
 COASTS AMD ISLANDS OF A I' R IC t. 
 
 <i<i 
 
 o nt 
 
 and 
 
 the 
 
 lich 
 
 Idle 
 
 an 
 
 Kis. 
 
 )lc- 
 idcr 
 
 for 
 tJiP 
 
 the csttli". Sonic obfiTvc that this tree is alxiiit >wo 
 t;uhoin« hick in the trunk, 40 feet in hcii;ht, and 
 rxtcnHs Its branches rniind to the diameter of i;.o. 
 Dajiper writes thut the miftn or clouds which cuver 
 rlie tree at all times, except the hotteft part of the day, 
 vaft fo great a dew upon it, that the leavei continually, 
 drop cliar water, to the ciuanlity of 20 ton< in the 
 ilay, which fdlls Into two llonu cifterns, each twenty 
 Icct fiiuare, and 16 hards deep, made for that pur- 
 jjoli', on I ho north fide of the tree. He adds, that 
 liiL' inhabitants call this tree Ciaroc, and the Span- 
 larJs, Santa, or Holy 1 that it is of a competent 
 liv.e, and has leave* always green, like the laurel, but 
 not inucli bigi^er than thofc of a nut-tree, and a fruit 
 like an acorn in the (hell, with a very fwect and fpicy 
 k';rn^l. Kor bLttcr prcfervation, it is incloled with 
 ,i llone-wall.— Thii account is indeed extraordinary. 
 
 When the Spaniards, nt the conqucft of this ifland, 
 found no lprinj;s, wells, nor rivers of frelh water, 
 the natives tolii thctri, that they prcferved the rain- 
 water in vtfl'els ; forthov had concealed the tree, co- 
 vring it willi cane;, carrh, and other things, in hopes 
 the Spaniard*, by this means, would be forced to leave 
 the ifland. Udt ihisdid not long remain a fccrct, for 
 .1 woman difcuvcred it to her Spanidi (gallant. 
 
 Tht^re is generally fuppofed to be but one tree con- 
 cerned in collciitin:; the water; but Sir Richard 
 Hawkins introduces a great number to fcrvo that pur- 
 jiofc. ric tells us, that the tree (lands in a valley, fur- 
 loundcd by a thick wood of lofty pines, which, be- 
 ing (haded from the fun a great part of the day, by the 
 hij'h mountains to the fouth-ea(t, the vapours and ex- 
 halations rifln; out of the valley gather into a cloud 
 or thick mill, which falls in dew upon the pines, and 
 from them to this tree in the bottom, and lb into a 
 cilKrn orbafon built round the foot of it. This af- 
 fords great relief to the people as well as the cattle. 
 But, however thi! main fupply in this article depends 
 upon the rain, which they catch with great diligence, 
 and rcferveitin cilterns for that purpolc. 
 
 Lc Mairc treats this account, which others have 
 delivered fo fcrioully, .is a fusion. As he had for- 
 merly heard of this tree, when he was there he in- 
 quired into the truth of it, mentioning the particu- 
 lars as above related ; and the inhabitants he tells us, 
 confirmed him in the opinion he had before enter- 
 tained of it, that it was a mere fable. It may be ob- 
 jedlcd, perhaps, to the account of Le Mairc, that 
 the inhabitants, he h.id made his inquiry of, were thofe 
 of Tenerifit, and not of Ferro itfelf, and that what 
 follows feems to prove the hSi in the mairt, viz. 
 That fomc of the inhabitants informed him, that 
 there was fuch a fort of trees in the ifland, but that 
 they never furni(hcd fuch a prcnligious quantity of 
 water as was pretended. 
 
 A traveller, called Lewis J-tckfon, faid he faw this 
 treeiiti6l8, when he was upon the ifland ; that it is 
 as big as an oak, and has a bark as hard as timber, 
 fit for beams ; that it is fix or feven yards high, with 
 ragged boughs, and a leaf like a bay-tree, hut white 
 on the under fide. It bears neither flowers nor fruit, 
 is fituate on the fide of a hill, locks withered in the 
 day, and drops in the night, (a cloud then hanging 
 upon it) yielding water enough for the whole ifland. 
 The water is conveyed in leaden pipes from the 
 tree Jto a large rcftrvoir, which is intirely walled 
 round with bricks, and floored with ftones, from 
 whence it is tondufted (being carried uphill in bar- 
 rels) to feveral Icfler ciftcrns alt through the ifland. 
 'I'he great balbn is filled every night. 
 
 The matter is thus left doubtful in regard to this 
 circumdance. Linfchotcn indeed, fays, " There is 
 water to be had in fome places towards the fea-coaft, 
 but that it is fo hard to come at, that it is of little 
 ufe to the inhabitants ; and thiit the foil is fo dry, that 
 there is not a drop of water to be met with all over 
 the ifland befidcs, except at the faid tree. He fays 
 alio, that the ifland is unfruitful and barren." How- 
 «ver, others, fince he wrote, informs us. That this 
 i(land produces corn, and fugar-canes, plenty of fruit 
 
 Vol. I. No. 37. 
 
 nnil plants, IxTiJes ;,reat plenty cf Culile, wli'rh fui- 
 ni(h the inh.ihltuiits uitli milk ai:d clieel.', Th' ic is a 
 volcano upon ir, wliii h li>Mieliii.es has irruptions : 11 
 was fern for five day* in Nmcii'l'i r, l^'/y, f'>J iii',a!n 
 in 1692, fix weeks togethci, when it broke out witli 
 earthquakes. 
 
 I/Anzarota lies in j6 dej^vees of latitude, t\i 
 leagues frimi (irai\d Canaiia, Icaith-call, anil i» in 
 length laleaijues. 'I he only cinnn.odities here wiic 
 goats (ijlh and orchel. It is an vyrldoni, and be- 
 longs to Don AugulUno de Herrcra, as carl of I'oue- 
 ventura and Lanrurota i hut the v.ifl'als of all tliolf 
 earldoms have, in cal'c of any grievanic, an appeal 
 to the king's judjres, who refule in Canaria, Teiie- 
 riffe, and I'alma, where are hnats laden wiili diicd 
 gnats flelh, Whieh is a very good meal. 
 
 This ifland is about 13 leagues from north to louth« 
 nine in breadth, and forty in circuit. Gramaya, in 
 hisdefcription of Airica, places the city Cayas here, 
 which, together with the ifland, Wis pillaged by ths 
 Aljterines, who carried away captive 1460 men. 
 
 Here is on the illand a city of the lame nam;, and 
 lower down, on the eaftern coa(t arc two ports, on« 
 railed Puerto de Navos, or the Port of (hips. The 
 other, Puerto do Cavallos, or of Horfes. They are 
 had havens, and about a cannon (hot afunder. The 
 firft of them, which is deeped, goes between two 
 ledges o( roujts, tiie channel being uneven and rotky, 
 fo that if the (hip (hould ftrike, it would prcfently be 
 daOled to pieces. There are no houfes near the ports { 
 only at Cavallos there is a little church. They go 
 from thence, between the mountains to the town j 
 vsliich is three leagues. 
 
 This place was taken by the earl of Cumberland in 
 IJ56, who fetting forward on this expedition on 
 I hurfday ihe i3lh of April, 1596, had fight of Ale- 
 granza, the moft nofthcrly ot the Canaries, and 
 (bon after they defcried three hills or iflands, calleil th« 
 Grange, leaving all to the weft, in the afternoon they 
 cai.ie up with Lanzarota ; and next morning anchored 
 in a road, which bears ea(t fouth-ea(t of the iflandj 
 near a dangerous ledge of rocks. 
 
 The earl having been informed that the marquis, 
 who was lord both of this town and Fortiiventura, 
 refidcd here, and was poftlTed of riches to the value of 
 one hundred thoufand pounds; difpatched Sir Jodn 
 Herkeley, his lieutenant-general, being himfclf a 
 little indifpofcd, with a force of between five and 
 fix hundred men, to attack the town, which was ten 
 miles at leaft from their l.inding place. The way 
 they went, in their opinion, was the ncareft, but » 
 very bad road, full of ftones .'.nd fand. When tbty 
 arrived at the town, they found it deferted by the la- 
 habitants, who had curried o(F almoft every thing 1 
 they found, however, fome excellent wine and plenty 
 of chccfe. 
 
 From hence Sir John fent a detachment to the 
 c.iftlc, a ftrong fortrefs lying up hill about half a 
 mile ofl^ the town ; where eighty of an hundred 
 Spaniards and iflanders, who were in and about it; 
 flying on their approach, they entered, and found 
 above a dozen brais guns, the leaft bafcs ; but moft 
 culvcrins, and demi-culverins all difmounted : and 
 great heaps of ftones laid in the moft advantageous 
 pl.-cef. It was built of hewn ftonc, and flanked 
 very ftrongly and flcilfully, both for oftynce and de- 
 fence : with this remarkable contrivance ; that the 
 part or entrance into it, was raifed about a pike's 
 length from the ground, fo that if they drew in 
 their ladder, twenty might have kept it againll 500. 
 The town confiftcd of upwards of looo houfes, all 
 poor buildings, generally but of one ftory, covered 
 only with canes or ftones laid umn a few rafters, and 
 over all a coat of dirt, which .inrdened by the fun, 
 became rain proof. There was a church without a 
 window, the light coming in at the door only. There 
 was no partition for a chancel, but ftone feats along 
 the fides, and at one end an altar, with the proper 
 
 furniture ; the people quite full of the Romifli 
 
 fuperftition. 
 
 4 S The 
 
 'tA:, 
 
4ie 
 
 VOYAGES '!• () T ir K 
 
 " 'I'lic iiili.i'.'ii.inl- ; f.i}'« ihc aiiihor) were of a black 
 i.nipli.sioii, vuiy III! 11^ ami actiM', t.ill, nnd us l\\itt 
 in ili.1t inouiiluliiniis iiiiinirv, :tlmi>(l as lliiir cainil», 
 lirn could the EiijjIiOi, whom tluv .utacki-il in tluir 
 m^irch, ever ciiriic up with any ot ihiin. 'I'htiraims 
 air |iiki"< and llavis ; mid whin a picrc is piclcntcd tu 
 lift at them, as Inon ai thoy perceive the cock or 
 match l-iil, they throw tlicinlclvcs immcJiatilv Hat 
 upon llic grniinJ i and nu loonci is the report heard, 
 Init tli.v Tc upai^ain, and fin^ (heii (tones out ol 
 their h.iiid«, unJ charging; with their pikes in a I'cat- 
 Irrcd v«a< , cacli by himleir, they very much annoy a 
 rcgiihir battalion. 
 
 " The iflc (trctchcs north north-eaft and fouth-weft ; 
 it Ihiuls in zH degrees and fume minutes north, and 
 is parted (juite through (as the Appenines mountains 
 part Italy) by a bridge ot hilU, lerving only to feed 
 goatsanJ Ihetp, which tlicy had a pretty (tore of) »s 
 alio of afll's. Hut there were few cattle, fewer ca- 
 mels, and Icfs geniiets, and thefe too of no great (hi- 
 turc. The valleys were very dry and fandy, fome- 
 what like rye fields in Kngland ; but yet tbey yielded 
 tolerable good barley and wheat j and they had two 
 harveft* every year. 
 
 FoRTEVKNTURA ftands in the latitude of 27 de- 
 grees, 50 leagues from the proinontoiy of Cabode 
 
 fM5f 
 
 filler, on the rotuiiic i id Alili-i, and 14 le.inuei 
 dill.uit froni C'aiiari.,, (.iltaird. It is i^; le.irtueS 
 loii^', and ten bro.ul, and lielongs to tiic I, old rif l,,in- 
 /.aiota. It produces giiit pli illy of wlitat and birlev, 
 alio of cows, goats, ..nd orcliel. Uut neiihii this 
 nor J.anitaruta have .ii>v quantity if wine of ih>ir 
 own rMowtli. (Ja the iii>rih lidc lies a litlli' iij.iiid 
 called Uratiola, about a league'i< diltaiKc. Tin.- ^>iic 
 between is luvigable for Ihips of any buitlkii, lis 
 length, from loutli-tvclt tu norili-eal), i« alinut .'5 
 leagU'.'S ; but the breadth is very irregular ) tor it coii- 
 filis of two pcninfulas, joined in (he middle by an 
 illhmrs, no mori: than four Icai'uis liruad, acrolis 
 which formerly there ranged » wail. Theciicuit is 
 near jo leagues, by realun of the two gulphs made by 
 the ilihmiis. 
 
 It has three cities on the fca-coaft, viz. F.angala, 
 'J'arafalo, and Poz/.o Negro. On the north lide there 
 is a haver., called Ch.-ibras ; and another very com- 
 modious one on the weft. And between this inand 
 and I.anzarota thert: opens a fine found, big enough 
 to receive the largcft fleet on a rendezvous ) but the 
 coalt, at the north-call end, is very foul, with many 
 reefs that lie out,* on which the lea breaks cxce-cd- 
 in-ly. 
 
 THE VOYAGE of ALUISE DA CADA MOSTO, in 1455, alonc, THE 
 COAST OK AFRICA, as far as RIO GRANDE. 
 
 
 WE have two voyages of Cada Mofin, one of 
 which v^'as that to Ciambia, and Rio Grande, 
 the other to the Cape Verde illands, as has been al- 
 ready dcfcribed. 
 
 The author informs us, that he was twenty-two 
 years of age when he fct out upon this voyage ; and 
 had, before that, failed in fomc parts of the Mediter- 
 ranean, under the jurildiction of the republic, and 
 had been in I'l.Tnders, whither his intention was to 
 have returned, in order to better his foituiie j for his 
 whole thoughts were bent on employing his youth in 
 the acquifition of riches, that afterwards, with the 
 experience he fhould have of the world, he might at- 
 tain to fomc degree of honour. 
 
 Having refolved to return to Flanders with what 
 little money he had, embarked on board the Venetian 
 galleys, commanded by Captain Marco Z'.n, knight ; 
 they departed from Venice on the 8th of Auguft, 
 1454. Being detained by contrary winds, near Cape 
 St. Vincent, it happened, that Prince Henry of Por- 
 tugal, was at that time lodged in a village called 
 Ripofera, near the Cape, having retired from the 
 noife of buflncfsto this agreeable retreat, for the fake 
 of his ftiulies. Hearing of their arrival, he fcnt An- 
 tonio Gonfalez, his fecretary, accompanied by one 
 Patricio di Conti, who faid he was a Venetian, and 
 conful from the republic in Portugal, as appeared by 
 his commiflion. He had likewil'c a falary from Prince 
 Henry. Thefc gentlemen brought fomc famples of 
 Madeira fugars, Dr.igon's blood, and other commodi- 
 ties of the countries and iflands belonging to that 
 prince. They afked tliofeon board the galleys fcveral 
 qucft'jns ; and inff.vmcd them, that Prince Henry 
 had caufed fomc defart illands lately difcovered, to be 
 inhabited, and that as a proof thereof, thcv had fliewn 
 them the faid valuable produflions. They added, 
 That all this was nothing in comparifon to greater 
 things which that prince haJ performed, declax- 
 
 ing, that fince fuch a year, he had difcovered feat 
 which had never been failed through before, and lands 
 ol ilivers Itrangc nations, where wonderful things 
 were found. That the Portuguelb, who had been in 
 thofe remote parts, had made great advantage by tra- 
 ding with the inbabitants, and gained 700orioco 
 per cent. They related fo many things on this head, 
 that ih? Venetians were very much altoniflied, and 
 Cada Mollo in particular, being Inflamed with a dtfirc 
 of vifiting thefe places, afked, if the prince would 
 lulf'er any perfon to go who had a mind ? They an- 
 fwered in the affirmative, and iikewile acquainted him 
 with the terms required of the pcifon who lliould un- 
 dertake fuch a voyage, which was cither tu be at the 
 whole expcnce of fitting out and freighting a vellel, 
 or clle at the charge of freight only ; the prince pro- 
 viding him with a caraval. I'hat, in the hrll cafe, he 
 lhould,on his return, allow the prince one fourth pait 
 of his cargo, as a duty, the rcli to remain his own 
 property ; and in the fccond cafe to divide whatever 
 was brought from thofe places equally with the prince; 
 and in cafe of no returns at all, then thj whole c.\- 
 pcnce to be defrayed by the prince. They declared, 
 however, that it was impolublc to make a voyage 
 without great profit. They added. That the prince 
 would be very well pleafed with any Venetian who 
 Ihould undertake fuch a voyage, and /hew him great 
 favour; becaufc he was of opinion, that fpicrs, and 
 other rich merchandife, might be found in thofe parts, 
 and knew that the Venetians underftood thofe com- 
 modities conftderably better than many other na- 
 tions. 
 
 Cada Mofto went along with the fecretary and the 
 conful to lie Don Henriquez, who confirmed what 
 they had told him, and encouraged him by promifes 
 of honour and profit, to go. The .tuthor being 
 young, and of a conftitution able to bear fatigue, as 
 well as dvftrous to fee tholb parts of the world, never 
 
 befon 
 
1410 
 
 1 
 
 COASTS AND ISLANDS OF AFRICA. 
 
 4JI 
 
 before known to any Venetian, and alfo to advance 
 hii ti)rtiuir, ai:cc|)tiil ot tlic iMvitnlinn. Alter tlii«, 
 he informed hnniVlf cuiicernin); the mcrchaadilv 
 proper for fuch ,t voyage, and then returned to the 
 galleys : where having difpofed of all the gondii which 
 no had fliippcd for the l<t\\ countries, iia bruiiuht on 
 board fuch things at he thought nece/lary for inc ex- 
 pedition, and tlicn landed i leaving tbe gallevi to 
 prorci-d cm ih<ir voyjige for FUnderi. The I'rincc 
 fhcwid great fatiifadion at C«da Molio's relblution, 
 arid entertained him very handlomely at Cipc bl. 
 Vincei'.t, where having waited a great many dayt ; at 
 length, ihc prince ordered him to rig a new caraval 
 of about 90 lonii burthen, of which one Vincent 
 i)ia7., a native of Lago, (a place about lO utiles 
 diitant) was commander. 'I'lie caraval being ready, 
 and furni.'hed with every thing ncccflary, they began 
 their voyage on the 22d of March, 1455, with a full 
 wind at north-calf, iind by-north, ifeerinp; tlieir 
 courfe towards the iflands of Madeira. Un the asth, 
 they came to the idand of Puerto Santo, about 000 
 miles fouthward from the Cape whence they fet out. 
 
 From Puerto Santo, which was dilcovered near 
 twenty-feven yei". before ; they failed on the 2Hth of 
 March, and the fame day came into Monchrico, one 
 of the iflands of Madeira, forty miles dilUnt. — As we 
 have already defcribcd this and the fcven Canary 
 idands : we fliall not trouble the reader with the 
 voyager's obfcrvations on them, but fliall only quote 
 one of hit obfcrvations on the cuftom'i of the nation, 
 when he was in thofe parts. " 'I'hefe iHaadcrs, 
 (fays he) have the following remarkable culloms. 
 when their lords iirll enter on their new pollcllion, 
 fome offer to die, in order to do honour to the fcaft. 
 On which they all repair to the brink of a certain deep 
 valley, where, after having performed fome ceremo- 
 nies, and faid a few words, he who is willing to 
 die for love of the new lord, throws himfclf into the 
 valley, and is daflicd to pieces. The lord, in return, 
 is obliged to do great honour and fervice to the rela- 
 tions of the deccafcd. This account was confirmed 
 by tbe Canary Chriftians, who efcapcd from among 
 them. 
 
 " They are very aillivc and nimble, great ruuncrs 
 and leapcrs, being accudomed to traverle the clitfs of 
 the mountains. I'hcv fkip barefooted, from (tone to 
 ftone, likegoatni and fometimes take leaps, which 
 are fcarccly to be believed. They throw a ftone 
 with great ffrength, and exaclncfs ; lo as to hit where 
 they pleafe. Both fexcs know how to paint their 
 bodies, green, red, and yellow, with the juice of 
 herbs i and they look upon fuch colours as ornamen- 
 tal, as Europeans do line cloaths." Cada Mofto was 
 in two of the Canary Iflands, viz. Ciomera and 
 Ferro : he alfo touched at Palma, but did not land. 
 
 Holding on his courfe towards Ethiopia, Cada 
 Mofto, in a few days arrived at Cape Blanco, diftant 
 from the Canaries about 870 miles. It is to be 
 oblerved, that in this pafTage, ftcering fouth, they 
 kept a great diftance from the African Coall, which 
 was on the left hand, the Canaries being advanced 
 far into the lea towards the weft, the one more than 
 the other. Thus they failed till they had run two 
 thirds of their w.iy from the iflands to the cape ; and 
 then kept clofer to the left, till they got fight of 
 lanJ, that they might not pafs the cape without feeing 
 it; for afterwards no land appears for aconfidera- 
 ble while. The coaft runs in from this cr.pr, and 
 forms a gulph, called the Forna of Arr;in, from a 
 little ifland Atuatcd in the gulph; and fo named by 
 the inhabitants of the country of Argin. The gulph 
 enters about fifty miles ; and has three other iflands, 
 to which the Portugucfc give names. The firft they 
 called Blanco, or White, on account of its fands : | 
 the fecond, the Ifland of the Garzc, or White Herons j 
 (for there they found as many of thefe birds eggs as 
 filled two boats) : the third, they called Cuori. They 
 are all fmall, fandy, and uninhabited iflands. In 
 that of Argin, there is plenty of frefli water : but in 
 the rcil none. ' 
 
 It is f.iid, tliit fiiiilhwards I'roni the vMu'^ltts <if 
 (iiliiaitai, the co.ill, whiih is iliat ol liathitv, i-. 
 nh.ibitcil no farther than (.'ape Cantin : IriMii 
 whence to Cape Blanco, is the I'mdy tounlry or 
 Uelarl, (leparati-d Itoni B.irb.iry lit the nioiriiiairiMMl 
 the north) culled Sarr.i by ihi' n.iiivis) but on the 
 louth coi\Hiies wrth the nc^ro c<..iil, and wmild rt<|uirc 
 lil'iy or fixty d.iys tocrols i in ImiK- plati> iiicni', lumi.. 
 Ids. This dclart rtialu* to tl.o uciaii, .'<iid is all 
 Tandy, white, and dry; the i' uhiry l..w, and |j 
 pl.tin, that it dues not lieni t» be lii^^hcr in one 
 place than anutlur, till Cape Blanco iippi'irs. It 
 ii a moll beautiful cape, as beinj; trian^nlir, tluit 
 is, having three points in liont, iibmit a niili ilill.iiu 
 from each other. Various |i its of latgi tilh ,irid 
 exceeding good, arc found on this coaft : iIk (iiilpU 
 of Argin Is all over fhallow, biiiij; full of (ho.ii^, 
 boath ol rocks and (.inds. Tlure .ire L'ri'it curienti 
 n this gulpli i and no lafe f;iiliii|'. but by day, »iih 
 the lead in hand ; and that at roidini; to ibc ltre:mi : 
 two (liips h.ul been uluMdy lull on ibv k IIwmIs, Capu 
 Blanco lies |ii«th-we(k ol Cape C.intiri. 
 
 Behind C:i|il Blanco, on tbe ciruiiRiii, tluir ii a 
 place called HiuIlii, li< days journey on Cin.cU, fiinii 
 the flioic. This place is not walled; but nucl» 
 frequented by the Ai.ibs, and the caravmis, which 
 come from roinbuto, and other pl.iccs belonging to 
 the iicgios to tills fide of Barb iry. Tlicii provilnii mii. 
 lids of dates and barley ; of which they have plenty. 
 They drink camels milk, .iiid lli t of other amiiials; 
 lor they have no wine. Tluy b .e cuus and " uits, 
 but nut many, becaufe the land is vi ly dry. Th. ir 
 oxen and cows are very fmall in compariroii 10 iholc 
 of Italy. The inbabitaiils are Mahometans, ami 
 great enemies to Chrillians. They arc never fettled, 
 but wander continually over the defarts. I'h.v liv- 
 q'lent the countries of the ncj;ros, and vifit tliat fulo 
 of Barbary which is ncNt the Mediterraiuaii. Thiv 
 travel in great numbers, with a niiiiierous train of 
 camels, on which thty carrv braCs, lilvcr, and other 
 things from Barbury to 'I'oinbuto, aiul the e. untrv of 
 the negtos : from which they biing [-.old .mil n aUie- 
 gctle. They are of a tawnv colmii. lioth lescs 
 wear a Angle white garment, with a red border, witii- 
 out any linen underneath, luxt ib^ir fkiii. Tiic 
 men have turbans on their heads, in the Mooiillj 
 falhion ; and always go barefmied. There ;:re, 
 in the fandy defart, many lions, leopards, and 
 oftrichcs. 
 
 Prince Henry had made an ordin.'.i.i.o, wiiicli was 
 to be obl<:rved lor ten years, on the iil.ind of Argin, 
 viz. that no perl'on fhould enter into this i;iilpl:, tor 
 trade with the Arabs, except fuch as were then' de- 
 fcribed, and had habitations and fa£lors nn the ill.iiid, 
 who dealt with the Arabs that came to the cuad nnj 
 fell them fevcral forts of goods ; fuch as cloth, flufiV, 
 lilver, frocks, tapeftry, and other merchaiiJiie ; 
 and take in return, negroes and gold. Thcpiir.ee 
 alfo caufed a cattle to be built on tin' iflmul to fecurc 
 the trade, and caravals from Portirjjal arrive there 
 every year. 
 
 'I hey have many Barbary horfes, which thcv csrry 
 to the country of the negroes, and there b;;rui with 
 the great men for flaves, haviiii; from ten 10 ( '"htL^n 
 for each horfe, according to its gniHliiefs : they alfo 
 bring wrought filks of Gianada ;i;ul Tunis; lilver, 
 and a great many other things ; lor which thty re- 
 ceive plenty of Haves, and fome p,eld. Thefe il.ives 
 are brought to Hodcn, from whence ibcy arc fent to 
 the mountains of Bartea, and from ilunce to Si^i'y j 
 part of them arc alio broujiht to Tunis, and abuii; 
 the coaft of Barbary; and alio the relf to Ar^;iii, 
 and fold to the licenl'ed Portu;j,uil> ; every yc^r be- 
 tween fevcn and eight hundred flaves are fent fioin 
 Argin to Portugal. 
 
 Before this trade was fettled, the Portugucfc cara- 
 vils, (fometinics four, and fomttimcs more,) uled ti.» 
 ct ue to the gulph of Argin, well armed, and, land- 
 ing by night, furprifcd fome fifhermens villaf^cs : 
 they evcM entered into the country,, and carried off 
 
 Aiab» 
 

 «:» 
 
 VOYAGES TO THE 
 
 f'4J« 
 
 ! 
 
 Ai ihi of both (cxm, wliich thry fold in i'<iriii[>.il. 
 
 J lii'v tailed III ihit manner ilung *hr oi^ll lo (hr 
 rivor i)i.iir((4, which it very ttrgr, u.M divulvt ihv 
 
 Ax^iiia^'hi (iji Axinglii) liom the iH'gro*. 
 
 J'lit' Axaiiiighi urctjwnvi <>r rathrr .'<( « drfp 
 jirn.vii cunipl' vi i iiid live in Innii! pbi'i on ihv 
 cn.Ut, Uvdiid C'.i|'it rti....ro. 'I'hiv ran;',c the Hclrrli, 
 Hi'd contini: wiih »lir Arjbi of Hmlcn. Tlify live 
 I'll d.ii <, I'trlcv, '.iiH cimil'* iialk. liut ai (licy nrc 
 iii'aiei ihc Ml ^■,u> cciintiii «, ihT) c.it y on a irndt with 
 
 ilain I tidni wIiciup they have niilli'l .tiul pull't, luih 
 ,i» bciin« fiT ilicn fu|i|>i)it, 'I'hcy lur but (null c«t- 
 tM, .mil fuller hiiiii;ii paliintlv. 
 
 'f licfo A/niiajhi h;ivt' a cuHom of wmrinp n hand- 
 kerchief riiiiiid ihcir hc;uU ; a piece of wliiih covert 
 thi'ii eve«, with P'lrt nl llii note iinil mouth. They 
 rM'kunxI the niuiith lo ho a thinj; (limild he alwny* 
 ki'pt out I't figlit. Thry have no lord?, among therii, 
 lint the riih .nr rel|H'<;iid lometliiiij; more than the 
 kIK 1 h,- people aie very piMir, nnJ e(.;re:;ii>iit liartj 
 tlw !;r.'atell thii-vet in the world, and very treache- 
 rou^'i Iran, .I'ld of a rommon Haliire. I'hey wear 
 fhiir hiir, whiiii it black, (ii//nl over thiir ftioul- 
 dci-., like llii: titrnians, and oil it ever) day with the 
 (M o( tllh, which makes them fniell viry Itronp;, yel 
 lliiv upuu it vcfv niodifli, Ihc A/nnaghi never 
 he.r.' <'f any Clifilti.iiit evirpt the IVirtii;;iiefe, with 
 wliom tliiv had war for thiru^n or fourteen ytarsj 
 in which fevLi.il i.f them were carrii'd olf and (oM fur 
 ll.ivc. I'ada ^tolto affiims, that when thiy firll favv 
 lliip< ,it fra 'a thiiv^ never beheld hv any of their 
 i.iucltor^) th'.v took them for large hiids with white 
 wiii'^x, th.it had come from fortij-n parts. When 
 the fail* wire furled they concluded that the (hipt 
 were fi(h liv their li nptli j others beliived they were 
 tiiirifi. I'iic truth of what the author relates was 
 lertificd by many A/.an.i;;hi, who wtre then (layes in 
 Po.rui^al, as well as by the Por*||licl(', who frc- 
 il'ienll-d tliofe lea« at that time in their caravels. 
 
 About fix days journey by land from Hoden, there 
 is a place tailed I'cgav'./.a, which fii;nific« n chcH ol 
 gold i where large quantities of rink fait are dug 
 every year, .mil c.irricd on caravels of canuls by the 
 Arabs and Aiana;;hi in feparatc companies lo 'I'om- 
 buto, and from thence to the empire of Melli, lic- 
 longing to the negros. Being arrived here, they dil- 
 pol'e of their fait in eight days, at the rate of between 
 two and three hundred mitigals (the value of a ducat 
 each) the load, accordiiv; to the quantity thereofj 
 sifter which they return home with their gold. 
 
 '• '['his empire (fay^ ihc author) atfords very 
 bad nouiiftiimnt for licills, infomuch that out of 
 one hundred which go with caravans, fearce twenty- 
 live return. Neither are there any quadrupeds in 
 this empire, for they all die. Several of the Arabians 
 and .'V/aiiaghi fukcn and die likcwife, through the 
 • xcelfivc Ilea . 1 hey reckon it to bt forty days jour- 
 ney on horfbaik, tVoni 'le-'azia to Toinbuto } and 
 fiom Tonihuto to .Melli, thirty. Cada Mofto having 
 inquired of them, what ufc the merchants of Melli 
 inide Ji'f the filt .' was anfwcrcd, firlf, that a Imall 
 qitant'tv of it was confuined in their own country j 
 lor, that as they lay near the IJiie, « here the days 
 and ni.''ik are of an equal length, at certain feafons 
 of the year the heats wore cxceflivc, and putrified the 
 hloou ; lo tliat bill foi that fait, they would certainly 
 die, Th re is no art in preparing it j they only 
 take a piece every day, and dillidvc it in a porringer 
 of watii, ilrink it ol^"; and by this means prcfe^ve 
 their iie„lrh, as they imagine. The remainder of the 
 fait is carried a long way in pieces, by men, on their 
 heads, every piece being as much as a man can bear. 
 The lalt is brought to Melli in large pieces taken 
 out of the rocks, each camel being loaded with two. 
 T here the negros break thcni in fmallcr pieces, for the 
 conveniency of carrying on the head ; and muftir a 
 large number of foormt-n for that purpofe. Thrfe 
 porrers have a large fork in each hand ; which, when 
 tied, they fix in the ground and reft their loads on. 
 'Ihc negros are hired to carry it in this manner, fur 
 
 want of camflt or other bcaftt of burdrn, ns before 
 mentioned : and froin what has been rel iltd, it it 
 raly lo linr, that the niimbrr, bnih ut the caitivrn 
 ami cfinfiimrra, muft he very great. 
 
 ** When they arrive at the waler-fide, the propric- 
 tr>rt of the f.dt place their fliarcs In hnopi together 
 ill a row, every one felling a mirk en his own : this 
 done, thofc of the caravan retire half « day's journey. 
 I'hen the negro* they went to deal wirh, who will 
 not b<' fren nor fpoken to, and fiem to he the inlia- 
 hit.inti of foir>e idunds, come in l.iri^ boiitt, and 
 having viewed the lalt, liry h luni cf gold on eveiy 
 heap, ai^ then withdraw. When they arc gone, 
 the iiegrot, who ovsn the fait, leluni ; and if th.* 
 quantity of gold plealcs them, they take it, and leave 
 the fait, if not, they leave both, and withdiaw iigain. 
 ihe other Moors then come on, and the heaps they 
 hnd without gold, they cany Miih thcrp, and either 
 advatiee more gold to the oihir parcett, or leave the 
 lalt. in this manner they ttade, without fee ng or 
 f|ieaking to one anothei ; wliii h lias been a very 
 ancient curtoin among them." 'I'his account, the 
 author owns, appears fonuwh.it improlmblei yet 
 afhrmt, that he had it from (rveral Arabs, and A/n- 
 nai;lii merchants, a* well as other pcrfons, who were 
 vvoriiiy of credit. 
 
 'I'he lame merchants being allted why the tnijieror 
 of Melli, being fuih a t'teal lord as iliey i ported, 
 iliil not find mean", by triendftiip or force, to dr(- 
 covcr w lio thel'e people were, that would not fiiKer 
 ihcmlidves to lie feen or talked to? On this they 
 told him, that not many years before, an emperor, 
 having determined to get fomc of thefe invifibh lieingj 
 into his hands, held a council on the oeiafion : 
 wherein it >sas ordered, that befoie the fait caravan 
 returned fn)m their half-day's jcnirr.ty, (cine of liis 
 men fhould go and make pits by the wattr-fidr, near 
 where the fait was left, that they flioiild hul? thiin- 
 lelvcsj and that when the negros c:oiie to U.:ve the 
 gold on the fait, they ftioulil attack them, and make 
 two or three piif<Miers. This piojciff w.is executed, 
 and four were taken ; the reft having fl^d ; three alfo 
 of thofe who had Im ii lurpnfed, vveie let ..t liberty by 
 the captors ; who judped th.it one would be fi.fticicnt 
 to fatijfy the emperor's delire, and that the negros 
 would be Ids provoked. But after all, the dcligii 
 mifcnrried, becaufe the priluner would neither 
 fpeak (though talked to in v.nimis languages) nor cat 
 ."ny victuals ; fu that at four days end he died. This 
 crofs accident was much regretted by the ncgrcs 
 of Melli, bec^aufe their lord was thus i.reventcd 
 from obtaininj his ends : and the captain having 
 brought the emperor an account of the man's Hcrth, 
 he received it with great difpleafure, and afked, 
 
 of what ftature they were ? He was anfwerej 
 
 They were exceeding black, well (hapcd, and a 
 fpan taller than themfi Ives : that their under lip was 
 thicker than a man's fift, and huna down < n their 
 brcafts ; that it was very red, and fometliing like 
 blood dropped from itj but their upper-lip was as 
 linall as other peoples. The form ot their lips cr- 
 pofed to view their gums and teeth, which were 
 larger than their own ; and that they had great teeth 
 in the corner of their mouths : that their eyes were 
 large and hbck, in (hort, that they made a tri rible 
 figure, blood dropping from their gums as well as 
 teeth. Thus the (uccci-ding emperors were preventtd 
 from making any farther attempts of this kind ; 
 becaufe, on account of the negro's death, his coun- 
 trymen, for the fpace of three yehrs, forbore coining 
 to buy any fait, as they uled to ilo. Yet the cmptror 
 does not regard whether thofe blacks fpeak or not, if 
 he has but the profit of their gold. 
 
 The gold brought to Melli is divided into three 
 parts J the firft, fent by the Melli caravan to Cochin, 
 which lies in the road to Syria and Cairo j the other 
 two fhares are fent by another caravan from Melli to 
 Toinbuto, from whence the golil is fent by divifions } 
 firft to Toet, and from thence along the coaft to 
 Tunis in Barbary, within the Strcightsof Gibraltar} 
 7 aii<l 
 
 'P^P'?^':,^ 
 
»4«0'J 
 
 » • () A S T S A NM) I .S r. A N D S OF A T R I C A. 
 
 4ii 
 
 ftivl to I'r/, mul Mii,nc,-(i, Ar/il.i, A/afi) iiiul MoIIj, 
 fixvin with'iiit tlir Siro' hts, wlnrc the (tiliniiH ;iiiil 
 othir t'hridi lilt linl it tmni ihf M(K)rH, in ntiim (nr 
 ilivrr-, iiiitrliifulif, ,. In llu>rt, tliii 11 tlic IxltKPrn- 
 modity lli.it i» bniii ;ht Ir'nn the A/iiuj^lii'i cmiiifiy ; 
 for 1(1 llic i.'1'lil I lit t'l IKiiliMI ciiry yir, iis lulori 
 oblVivirl, (I, IV Krlii;> loinc til thr Cc.i-cn.il', iiiul b.iitir 
 it with ill I'oitii Ml, li- ,it Ar'',in. Ill tills ililliiiit 11(1 
 iiiniii'v !• ciiiiicil, iiiirilii ihi y I'vir iif'' iivii' y my mure 
 than ill |l|i' 11 i",hhciiiriii|^ iMiiiitrii'i, but ,ill ihiirti.uir 
 i< carrnd 011 liv h.nipriivr "lie thiiij; lor anothrr, anil 
 t'din'-ii. 1 tw) I ii- iiir, wliil'; in tin ir towns within 
 liiiil, lii y II'': littli: wliiii' (hclh, which arc hrnii ;ht 
 to Viiiiic fr.im tlip l,''V.inf, o' VNhiih thry p.iy ut- 
 l.iiii niiinlRrs, acoonili 1 to thr I'oodiu'l* of whnt they 
 iirc to liiiy. Tiny rive ihcj'nlJ ihcy Cell, by Mili;^il 
 V'-ip.ht, which ii .ill lilt ;i diir.u in viiiiic. 
 
 The irih.ibitiiiHi ot thiMlrCirt, havi' ncilhrr rcliiMon 
 lior rovir-,i 'n, only lliol'e who arc the lirhrll, ami 
 have the 1,11 ;;i.(k retiiiuev, iiir lorily, as i« rtilJonviry 
 in mniiy |il.ii -s. The women ,iret.t\vny, iiml «<Mr 
 cottons ih.it loiiic iKim (hctoiintrv of' the iie(;ros, .iiiil 
 foiiieol' them liocks whiili arc c.illcd Alilie/.di, hut 
 no fmooks 1 mid (lie wlm hus tl"- l,irycft brcalts, is re- 
 puted the j;ii;;ili It be.mly. 
 
 The null nJi; hoiiis in the ' oorifii fnfhinn, but 
 have not miny, lor tt.j barrcniui 1 id' the country wll 
 not allow them to kerp .inv, nei,her couid tlicy .ve 
 Ion'; In (iirli ;tr. .it IkmL. The dilarti th-Miij-hoiil ■ le 
 very hoi, mul h.ive l-iit little witer, whuii .nakct ne 
 Country dry .tnd biiiien. It mi" licic only 'hfcc 
 months ii, the \ ear i tint is in A i^ull, Sepi ...ber, 
 and ( )clol>( r. 
 
 The author w.is alfo informed, thnt In fome years, 
 1.11 :|.e I'wanns ot' loculh .i|i|n'ar in this country : they 
 nre like "'r.iCs-lioiip'-rs, the Knj;th of a man's finuer, 
 nnd o( a n,! and y'llovv colour, Thcyapp ■ '■i.c- 
 tiov. in finh clouils ill t'lc air, astoobfem th, in, 
 tovt I 111:'; the horizon ns far ,u the finht in re; ' , 
 which is from 12 to if> miles, and whe'LMiKy lodge 
 they Krip the (iround (|iiitc hare, which thev look upon 
 as a ^',rcat ii.flilence, hut providence his fo ordered it, 
 til 11 ihey I ■lil'.ni eome above ruiee in f»ur vea s. 
 
 After di'uhlin^ (.'ape Ular.co, they coniiniied ihrir 
 coiirfe lo the river call d Sencija, which divides the de- 
 fart and the A'/,ann;jhi from the fruit lands and ncgros 
 Five years before Cala .Morto made this \ov < . this 
 river was difeovered by three caravals beloiii^ing to 
 I'lincc ll.n;\-, which enltriii!:; it, made peace, and 
 I'ettled atr.ide with the Moors, lince which time, Ihips 
 have h.'cn fent every year totr.iffic Wfith them. 
 
 This liver is lar|^e, above a inilc wide lit the month, 
 and fii!!iei n'ly deep. A little farther, it has another 
 rntraiice, H?twe-n the two tliere is an ifland, which 
 lornis a cape riinninji into the lea, and at each mouth 
 there are fuul-liaiiks and '''oils, rcachiii'j; about a mile 
 lioni fh.'rc. I'Voni C'lpe (.'■;, 1, which is 380 miles 
 of th.' river, it is cilUu ' .all of Anterota, and 
 bclonj^s to the A-/an.ii''li, or tawny Moors. The 
 nuihor was (" prifed to (ind I'ogieat a difVcience in fi) 
 iinnow a fpace ; for on the foiith fide of the river, 
 the iiiliihitants ar" ..ci din;; black, tall, corpulent 
 and well in.ide ; t'l country is all green, and full of 
 fiuit trees, an'' . :i the other (ide the men are tawny, 
 mea^'i;, c, ' i iiall of llature, and the country diy 
 and birr. 11. 
 
 The kit'j'don". of ihenei^ros lies in the river Sencpa, 
 ind thof- ,> ho inhabit iho banks of it arc called Ja- 
 lols J all ihe country is low, not only to that river, 
 hut aU'o heyoMil it, as fir as Cape de Verde, which 
 is the liiKhid I 'n I on ;,ll ihis coail, and 400 miles 
 riilfant from Cap ■ IJhir, •. The king, who reigned 
 in Senega, in Ca,la Mall.ito Irine, was called Zu- 
 cholin, and :,a years of a^;,'. This kingdom is not 
 horedit.irv, hut lOniinonlv three or four lords (of 
 which thure a;c' nl;my in tlic country) chiifc a kin{ 
 to their own liking, (yd ilwivs of noble parentage 
 who rci ',us as long as he ]ilci(. s i!\cm. They after 
 dethrone flu ir kings hy force, and the kipfs many 
 tim'-s render thmifelves fo powerful, as to Hand on 
 
 Vol. I. No. a:. 
 
 tlnlr (hfi-iu'e, IV h. h make 'he j'overnmenf unfctth f*, 
 IS tlut ol the lull. 1) of Cuii'i I , who is ulways in 
 '1 ir of hi'iiijt kilhil or baiiilh d, Th'le kmj,* art not 
 hketlioli,' of b'.utoji. , for llieir fiihj. Ct* re fav,i,j;c«, 
 iiid veiv piMir. Thiyh.ue no lyalleil towns, but 
 inly villai'ci, with llialcli.'d houl. <. Tliiy ul'e nei- 
 ther lime or (lone (ir biiililiii;', not knowiii;; how tu 
 ni.iko the oiv or t,.rm the otiicr. Tlie kiiigdoni i< 
 fniall, exti iiiliin; (.IS the auttior was infijrmed) no 
 more th.in 2'^' mil's aloin^ Ihe roall, and the lame 
 within laiul. Ihe kin", has 11. 1 certain rrvi iiiies, but 
 the lords of the coiintiy t.i court his favoiii, niako 
 him pr'finui every yiar of hoilis (vvliu h . le very 
 much clleiiiied here, heini> fc.irc. ) tiv'clher v., ill lur- 
 ililure, aiidoth' r IiimII , liicli.is ow s and i;o.'t., allil 
 ■iilli?, miller, and luch like things, II. likcvvilc 
 ives by ri>hbcries, and forciii " f .ine of his fiihjti'ls 
 anil thofi'of neii;lihoiirin;', proi inecs into lliverv, parr 
 of which he eiiiplovs in ( iilti. iliii ; til l.in s .illi:;ncil 
 him, and li.lls the rell to the A/.an.i!,hi .iiid /\i.ibi.ui 
 merchants, who tra'le with horl -, and other thin;:*, 
 as well as to the Cliiiltiuns, liiicc trade haibccn open 
 h'-tween them. 
 
 Kvcry man here mav entertain as many women an 
 '• pleales. 'I lie kin ; has alv^sus iip\\,irils ot tl.nty, 
 1; ,1 didinguifhcs tliein .-.rcordin:' t'l their ilefi 1 t iiml 
 r.nk of ll ' lords whole d.iu<;lileis they af. H,' keeps 
 iheni in cert.iin vill.h'is mid places of his own, , i;^ht 
 or ten tonelher, each ot them h.iiiiii; a fep.ii.ite lioull; 
 to dwell HI, and a lixed number of yoiin ; w >:nen til 
 aileiid on h . vith fl.ivcs to cultivate the laud nf- 
 fifji her, thi I they may in.iintain tlumfelvts wiili 
 the voducc thereof. They have tikewile to'.vs and 
 I'or ,, which the (laves allli t: ke care of j and thiH 
 ' jy fow, reap and live. When the kiii^ times to 
 .i;iy of thefe v' ".jes, he hiiii/; no provili'uri alon:; 
 witi', him, till i nun heini! ohiieed lo hear thr ex- 
 
 pences of him ►..j his retinue whenevei he \ iht . them. 
 Kvery mornincr at I'lM-i e, each of the women in 
 the place he arrives at, pn ari ■■ three or Ic iir covers 
 of difFerent viands, fuel: ,. , filh, pnl othci" 
 
 dainties, accordiii;.^ to the Moonlli talle, uhieh aru 
 cairied by the fl.ivcs to the kin!;'s pantrv j lin that in 
 lefs than an hour, there are ,|ii or 50 dilliis hrotipht j 
 and when his majellv has a mind meat, he finds every 
 thing ready to his hand. After he has eaten of fucu 
 dilhcs as he likes b.'lt, the remainder is j^iveii to his 
 retinue; but astliisdii-t is never in plenty, th"y ara 
 always huni^ry. Thus he travels from one |ilace to 
 aiiothe.', vilitiii!; his women, by which nu. ins he ha'S 
 a very niinierous ill'uei but fiom the inilai.t any of 
 his women proves with child, he foes near them :ii» 
 more. All the lords live in ihefnine mann.r. 
 
 Thefe negros proiVf. the iVIahom tan leliijion, but 
 are not fo well initrue'led therein as the whili Moors, 
 particularly the common people. The lord . have al- 
 ways about them fome of the A/.ana_^hi for t''.at pur- 
 pole, or ell'e Arabs, who come to refiile there. Thoh: 
 have inculcated, that it would he a di:;.^i,KC foj them, 
 who are lords, to live without obfervin;; xny of ( lad'!! 
 laws, and to eat as il'c inferior jcple ilo, without 
 any religion. It is owin. to their never liavine con- 
 verfcd with any but the t\ ',ana;.>hi's or Ar,ihs, that 
 they arc Mahometans ; but fincc tliev became .ic- 
 i]uaintcd with Chriffians, thev are not fo lotui of that 
 faith. 
 
 Thefe negfos, for the gcneraiity, go quite n.'.kcd, 
 except covering their privy parts with a L;oat's Ik'n, 
 made in the form of a pair of hrccelies ; hut the lord', 
 and tliofe who arc able, wear coltoji Ihirts of the 
 produft of the country, which is fpiin hy ihiir wo« 
 men. They weave pieces of cotton a fpan wide, hut: 
 never any wider, not havin!; the art of niakinp- larger 
 looms J fo that they are obliged to li'W live or fix ot 
 tliefe pieces together, when they wouM mnko any large 
 work. Their fliirts reach to half •Iv'r thighs, the 
 (leeves of which are lirge, but cove. half of the 
 
 arm. They nfecotton drawers, win • ng down to 
 the fmall of the leg, and monllroiiliy ,vide, bcinjj 
 from ■^0 to 35 and forty palms in circumference ; lb 
 5" T that 
 
 1 I 
 
 m. 
 
4J4 
 
 VOYAGES TO THE 
 
 [1420. 
 
 that ulii'ii tit J on, thiy nrcfull of plaitS) aiul tliough 
 like a l.i(k bduir, the hind part trails on the ground 
 like 11 t<iil, rcfrinblin!; hirgc petticoats with a train. 
 Jn Ihort, notliinp; can make a more prcpoflrruus 
 iiguu'iii the world; yet they aflced the Europeans, if 
 they had ever leen a liner drcis ? For in their own 
 tipinion, nolhini; comes up to it for elegance. Their 
 woiniii, married or unmarried, go naked from the 
 waill iipwaul-, ami downwards th^y wear a piece of 
 eutton u|i liall ilie leg. IJoth fexes go barefooted and 
 uneovered, but weave their hair into beautiful trefles, 
 wliieh ihev tie in various knots, though it be very 
 /hort. 1 lie men emplov thcmfelves in women's 
 \vo:k J fuiii as Ipinniiiy, wafliing of cloaths, and the 
 like. 
 
 it ■; very hot here, not being fo cold in January, 
 .-IS it is in Jt.ily m the month of April : and the far- 
 ther or.e tr.u els, the more the heat encreafes. Both 
 men and women walli iheivifelves lour or five times a 
 d.n", beini; veiy cleanly as to their pcrfons, but not 
 |j in c.itin.', in wliicli ih> v obferveno rule. Although 
 very i^'iioiant and .uikuard in i^oin;; about any thing 
 V. hicli ihey h.ue not been aceiillonud to, yet in their 
 uwnbuliiuf^, wliieh lliev aic aei|uaintrd with, tlicv 
 ;ir : .u expert as. ail}- Europeans can he. They are full 
 <i» woiJ<, and never have done talking; and arc for 
 i!ie moll Jiait, liars and cheats. Vet on the other 
 hand, they arc very charitable ; for they give a 
 dinner or a ni;;ht's loil;;inj;, and a I'uppcr to all Ihan- 
 gcrs who come to their houlls, without expeiiing 
 aiiv return. 
 
 I'lule neuros often niai;e war among themfelves, 
 ami with th- ir neighiiours. They have no cavalry, 
 fur want or horles ; they wear no arms except a large 
 target lor their defence, iii^de of the (kin of a bcaft, 
 calliJ danta, which is M.iy difficult to be pierced: 
 ;tnd az.igays, or light daits, in throwing of which, 
 thev aie \ery dtNterous. Thelij darts arc pointed 
 with iron, the length ofafpan, barbed in different 
 manners; i\> that they make dangerous wounds in the 
 body wherever they enter. 'Ihey aliohave a Moorilli 
 weapon, which is like a Tu;kilh hall fwoid ; that is 
 bent like a bow, and made of iron, (without any 
 Heel) biou;;ht from the kin.;dom of Cjambra by the 
 negro?, ^^■ho tin ixof make tlieir arms: and if they 
 have any iron in tluir own country, they know no- 
 thing of it, or want induftry to work it. They ufe 
 alio another fpeaied WLapon, like ourjavelin : befides 
 which, they have but lew arms ; their wars are very 
 bloodv,lor their (hokesdo not fall in vain. I'heyare 
 ixceeiliii)^»bold and fierce, choofing rather to be killed, 
 than to fave their lives by flight. They have no 
 flups, iifithcr did they ever fee any before the Portu- 
 guele eiiiiie upon their coalf. I hofe inh.ibiting near 
 the river, and foiiie who live by the fia, have v.ap- 
 polies or ahiiaid.i=, made out of a (ingle piece of 
 wood, the l:irgcll whereof cai ries three or four :nen, 
 In thefe ihey lilh fometimes, and go up 2nd down the 
 river., T hefe negios are furpiiiing great fwimmcrs. 
 
 Cada .Mollo having paflld the river of Senega with 
 hii c.\raval, failed along the coaft to the country of 
 Ijiidomcl, about 800 miles farther; the country be- 
 tween being all low land, an<l without mountains. 
 He flopped at this pl.iee to know fomclhing of the 
 J/Ord iiiidomel, from whom the country took its 
 liiime ; eirtam I'ortuguele, who had de-ali with him, 
 h:iving reprefuiied him as a very jull perfon, who 
 mii'.lit be conti led in, as he paid for every thing he 
 took. Our jdventurer hud fome Spanilh horfes on 
 board, which were much efteemed among the ncgrosj 
 hefides cloth, Moorifh wrought filks, and many other 
 comnodiiit'. 
 
 As (otm thenfirc, as he came to anchor at a place 
 called the i"' ilm of Budomcl, which is a road and not 
 a port, he lent his interpreter, who was a negro, to 
 tive their lord noticcof his arrival, and the goods he 
 had on board. Not long after. Lord Hudonicl him- 
 felf, with about fifteen horfe, and an hundred and 
 fifty foot, came to the lea fide, and ftiit to defirc Cada 
 Mollo to land, for that he would do him a piece of 
 
 -r*«>fc-,::. 
 
 fcrvi<!e. He accordingly went, and was received with 
 great civility. After fome difcourfe, the author 
 delivered him fevcn horles with their furniture, and 
 every thing elfc that he wanted, which call in all 
 three hundred ducats ; truliing to his honour for pay- 
 ment, which he propofcd to make at his houle, 
 twenty-live miles dillant tiom the ihore ; intreatiiig 
 Cada MoDo to go down with- him to wait a few days, 
 bccRufc he was to pay for what goods he had in Haves. 
 Cada iVIoflo readily agiced to go, induced as much by 
 the defire of making dilcoveries, as of being paid. 
 Cut before they fet out, ihC lord m.ade him a prelint 
 of a beautiful female black, of about twelve years 
 old; telling him at the fame time, that he gave her to 
 him to lirve him in his cabin. The gift was willingly 
 accepted of, and fcnt on board. 
 
 Budomil furniflied the author with horfes, as well 
 as every thing. elfe nccellary for a journey ; and when 
 they cainc within four miles of his habitation, gave 
 him in charge to Bilboror, his nephew, who w.is lord 
 of a little town where they had arrived, llilboror took 
 him to his own houfe, and treated him :ill the while be 
 llaid there, (which was twenty-eight days) with great 
 civility and good company, 'ibis was in November, 
 during which time, he went often to fee Loid liudomel, 
 in company with his nephew, and obferved many things 
 relating to their way of living. He had the greater 
 opjiortuiiity to make rcniaiks, as he travelled back, 
 as far .is the River Senega, on account of the tcmpef- 
 luous weather ; which ariling on this coall, fo that 
 he c<.uld not go on board, he was obliged to fc'id the 
 ihip before to this liver, and go by land hiiiifelf. 
 
 The author obferves, th. t upon this occalion, that 
 being defirous to fend inlhuctions to tliofe in the fhip, 
 to meet him at the River Stncga, he enquired among 
 the blacks, if any of them would undertake to carry a 
 Iter for him on board .' to which feveral of then* 
 anfwered in the aDirmative. The fhip lay about three 
 miles from fhorc ; the lea ran high, and there was a 
 great wind ; infomuch, that he thought it iinpofliblc 
 lor any man to perform it, cfpccially as fcvcial land 
 banks lay near the fhore, and about half way, other 
 banks, with a great current lunning between tlum, 
 lometimes backwards and fometimes lorwards, th.u it 
 s a niofl'difficult talk for any man to fwiin through 
 ihem, without being carried away by the llieam. 
 HefKles the lea breaks ovCr the banks with fo much 
 violence, that it fcemed impolfible to furmount fuch 
 obftructions. Yet two of thefc ncgros ofibr-d to go, 
 and having demanded what they cxptilfed for their 
 "abour.' they anfwered, two mavulgis of tin for 
 each of them, the mavulgi being worth no more than 
 one groflon, (a groflon is about three farthings). 
 At this price they undertook to carry the letter 
 to the fliip, and took the water winds. I can- 
 not exprefs the difficulties, fays the author, which 
 they were to encounter with, in palling the (and bank, 
 in fo high a fea. Scmctiines they were 'out of fight 
 for a conrider:ible time, and I often thought they li.id 
 l)cen drowned. At lall, one of them not being able 
 any longer to refill the violeme of the waves which 
 broke over him, turmd back; but the other bein;; 
 Itronger, after flrugglinga long hour on the bank, 
 got pall it ; and hai ing caniid the letter to the cara- 
 val, returned with an anl^er, which to me (lemed 
 very wonderful, and thence I concluded, that the 
 negros of this coaft mull be the beft fAimmcrs in the 
 world. 
 
 It has been already obferved, that thole who arc 
 called lords, have neither caftles nor cities. Ihc 
 king of this country has nothing but villages, with 
 thatched houles. liudomcl was lord of one part of 
 this kingdom, which is fmall. Thefe are not lords 
 on account of tlieir riches or treafuie ; becaiile they 
 have none ; neither is their any coin nude ufe of 
 among them 1 but they are conddcrcd as fueh out of 
 courtcfy, and by reafon of the great retinues, with 
 which they are always attended i being refpidcd aiul 
 feared by their fubjeds, more than any Italian lords. 
 'Thv pl.icc of Budomcl's rdideucc v\'as neither a wallcJ 
 
 houfc 
 
14*0.] 
 
 COASTS AND ISLANDS OF AFRICA. 
 
 43^ 
 
 houfe nor palace; but, according to their manner 
 of living, lie lias ibniL' villages afliniicd for the habi- 
 tation of himfclf and his wives, with their refpcilivc 
 families, bccaul'c he never fixes in one place. 
 
 The village, where the author refided, was one of 
 his habitations, and had forty or fifty thatched houfcs 
 built near one another, and furroundcd with ditches 
 itnd large tites, only a paffage or two was left 
 fur entrance ; and every houfe h.id a court, inclofcd 
 with a hedge. 
 
 This prince had nine wives in this place, and more 
 or lefs ir. other villages. Each of thefe women had 
 five or fix young negros to attend her. With whom 
 the lord may lie when he pleafes j nor are the wives 
 offended at it, it being the culloni, both fexcs being 
 very lafcivious. They are very jealous, and fufter 
 nobody to enter the houfe where any of their women 
 dwell 1 nor would they even truil their own fons. 
 
 Budomel has always at lead 200 negros in his re- 
 tinue ; who change from time to time ; fome going 
 and others coming in their room : b.fiJes, many peo- 
 ple repair from the ad{.icent places to meet him ; at 
 the entrance of his houfe, before his apartment, there 
 are feven large courts, leading from one to the other, 
 with a tree in the middle of each ; where tliofe wait 
 who come upon bufinefs. His family is dilhibuted 
 in thefe courts, according to the rani: of the pcrfcrti ; 
 the moll confiderable being llationed nearell ; and 
 the meanelV the fartheft from his apartment ; which 
 few approach, except the CInilUans and Azaiiaghi, 
 who have free adminion i more liberty being allowed 
 them than the negros. 
 
 Hut (lays the author) Budomcl affecis great ftate 
 and gravity, for he will- not be feen, except one hour 
 in the morning, and, for a little while, towards the 
 evening, at which times he appears in the firlt court, 
 near the door of the apartment, into which none but 
 perfons of note are permitted to enter. The pride 
 of thefe lords appears molb in giving audience; for 
 when any perfon came to fpeak to liudomel, were his 
 condition ever fo great, he was obliged I'nA to ftrip 
 himfelf rtarlc naked, except the fkins which covered 
 his privities ; then, the inft.int be enters the court 
 he fell upon his knees, and bowed down his head as 
 low as the earth. Lallly, with both his hands he 
 covered his head and ftioulders with fand. This is 
 the manner in which they falutc their lord ; nor is 
 there any perfon whoever, exempt from thefe duties, 
 not even their own relations. The perfon, who fo- 
 licits the audience, lemains a great while in this pe- 
 netential poflure, dabbing himlelf with fand, and 
 crawling on his knees, till he approach the great 
 man. When the fupplicant is within two paces of 
 this lord he (tops, and begins to relate his cafe, but 
 ftill continues to lay on fand, with his head down, 
 in token of great humility. All this while the lord 
 fcarce feems to take notice of him, being in difcourfe 
 with other porfons ; and when his vall'al has told his 
 llory, with an arrogant afpeiTl makes the anfwer in 
 two words. Such is his afl'ec^ed pride and grandeur, 
 and fuch is the fubmillion paid him. Budomel how- 
 ever behaved with great compliance to Cada Mofto, 
 and carried him into the Mofqucs ; for, towards 
 evening, he ordered the Azanaghi or Arabs, whom 
 he always had about him, to fay prayers. His man- 
 ner was thus : being entered into the mofque (which 
 was in one of the courts) with fome of the principal 
 negros, he fird ftooJ with his eyes lifted up, then he 
 advanced two fteps, and fpoke a few words foftly. 
 After tvhich he ftretehed himl<;lf on the ground, and 
 killed it ; the Azanaghi, and all the reft, did the fame. 
 'I'hcn rifm.,, he repealed the fame ails over again ten 
 
 or twelve times, which took up half an hour . 
 
 This prince's table, like thole of all other lords, and 
 men of condition, is fupplied by their wives, in the 
 fame manner as the king of Sene^i is furniflicd ; 
 each fending him fo many dilhes, they cat on the 
 ground, witnout regulating the infeiior people, out 
 of a baflcet, ten or twelve in a mefs. 
 
 No bread-corn, rye, oats, or wine, grows in the 
 
 kingdom of Senega, oranvof the negro countries oil 
 that coaft, on account of the great heats : this ihcy 
 made tryal of by the feeds they had from the (iiip ; for 
 wheat requires a temperate foil, and frequent raiiis, 
 which are wanting here. I'liey have no rain for 
 nine months in the year; that is, from Ocfobcr till 
 June. However, they have large and fniall millet 
 beans, and the fined kidney beans in the world ; they 
 are as large as ha/le-nuts, but longer than th^ \'c- 
 netian, and fpeckled ivith variouscolours, asii painted, 
 fo that they make a beautiful (how, the bean i> large, 
 flat, and of a lively red; there are alfo uhile beaii>. 
 They fow in July and reap in Scpkndier, at which 
 time rajn falls, and the ri\ers aie (welled. 
 
 They prepare the foil, fow and yet in their lurvefl, 
 all in three months time. 'I'hey are bad hnfliandnienj 
 no lovers of labour, and fow no mure than wh.:C 
 barely ferves them the year round, foi they lay up no 
 (lore of oats for (ale. Their method ot turning up 
 the earth is thus ; four or five of them go into a HwIJ 
 with fpades, (initead of fhovels ufed in Italy) and 
 throw up the earth, running it not above four inches 
 deep in the ground. This is all their plowing ; but 
 as the foil is fo fertile and kind, it produces every 
 thing they f'ow, without any farther pains. 
 
 Their liquors are water, milk, and palm-uine, wh'eh 
 latter is taken from trees (here veiy numerous} like 
 the date tree>, though not the fame. They yield thij 
 liquor, (called by the negros Nighol) all the year 
 round. IJeing tapped in two or three phices n.ar the 
 foot, a brown water runs out, as thin as (kini-milk, 
 into the calabafes, fet from niorning till night. It is 
 exceeding good to drink, and intoxicates like \i inc, if 
 not mixed with water. It is as (wect the firftdayaS 
 any wine in the world ; but the lufcious taile goes o(t' 
 every day more and more, till at length, it becomes 
 four. It drinks better the third or t'ourih day tha.i the 
 firft, becaufe it purges a little, and is not fo fwcct. 
 Cada Modo drank plentifully of it every day while he 
 was in that country, and liked it better than wine of 
 Italy. This nighol is not in fuch plenty that every 
 body mayhave it atdifcretion ; however, they all have 
 fi.mc, cipocially the chief men ; for the trees are not 
 planted in gardens like the fruits or vines of Europe,' 
 but grow in the forefts, and is common to all. 
 
 They have fevcral forts of fruits, like (he European 
 though not exaiflly the fame; and notw itlidanding 
 they grow wild, yet they are very good. \Vere tia-y 
 cultivated in gardens they would prove much better 
 than thole in the northern climates ; the quality of the 
 air and foil being nutritives. The country is all plain 
 and fertile, abounding «ith good paftures, bcfides an 
 infinite number of large and beautiful trees, not known! 
 in Europe. Here arc likewife feveral lakes of frefh 
 water, not large, hut very deep and full of good fiflj, 
 which difler from fuch as are found in Italy. Alfo 
 
 many water ferp.nts, by them called Calcatrici. • 
 
 They have an oil, which they ute in vii5fuals ; but the 
 author could not tell what it was made of. It is re- 
 markable for three qualities, viz. the fmell of a violet, 
 the taflc of olivc-oil, and a odour that dyes the vic- 
 tuals better than faftVon. There is a plant here like- 
 wife that produces fmail kidney-beans in great quan- 
 tities. 
 
 There are no tame animals in the kingdom of Senega, 
 except ox'-n, cows and goats ; (heep tliey have none, 
 neither could they live in this hot climate, for thefe love 
 a temperate air, and livebetter in cold than in hot coun- 
 tries. Indeed the negio. wlio live in fuch intenfe heat,: 
 have no oecafion for wo. Un cloaths. The cattle of 
 this country, fuch as they have, are fhiallerthan thofi; 
 of Italy. A red cow here is a rarety : they are in ge- 
 neral black or white; (onic however are pied of mot- 
 tled. Here arc many forts of beifis of prcv, fuch 
 as lions, and leopanls. Mares and lome other f irts of 
 wild animals are found here. They have alfo ele- 
 phants of a large fi/e. The author makes the fol- 
 lowing remarks upon this animal. His fizc may 
 very nearly be judged from his tCeth, which arc' 
 biouj^ht into Europe j of thefe, each elephanl! 
 
 
436 
 
 VOYAGES TO THE 
 
 [i4i(}. 
 
 has but two In llie under jaw, like tlie wild boar, 
 without .my other dilluciicc, txccpt that the points 
 of the will! boar's teeth turn tipwarcl?, and thole of 
 the elephant down. Cada Mofki had been told, be- 
 fore he failed to thofc parts, that the cleph.ints could 
 not bend their knees, and that they deep {landing;, 
 which he declares to be an cgrrgious falftiood ; for 
 that their knees may be plainly difeerned in walking, 
 and that they lie down and rife like all other ani- 
 mals. 
 
 'l"hry never (lied their large teeth before death, nor 
 do h.uin to any man, unlcfs provoked by him ; in 
 that lafe, the elephant attacks him with his trunk, 
 which is in the place of a nofe, of an exceeding length. 
 He can contradt and extend the probofcis at pkafure, 
 and will to(s a man with it as far as a Aing can 
 throw a ftune. It is in vain to think to cfcapc 
 by runiiin;;, let the pcrfon be ever (b fwift, provided 
 the elephant t'ollous him in earneft, and fetches 
 large llrides. They are more dangerous when 
 they have young ones, than at anv other time; and 
 have but three or fo\irat a birth. 'I'hey feed on leaves 
 «if trees and fruit, pulling down the lan^^e boughs, 
 and bringing them to the mouth with their trunk, 
 which is a very thick cartilage. The author could 
 hear of no other animals in this kingdom, c.\ccpt the 
 abovementioned. 
 
 There aic feveral forts of birds in this country, 
 particulaily p.^rrots, in great numbers. The ncgros 
 hate them, becaufe they do great damap;e to their mil- 
 let anil pulfo. They fay there arc leveral forts of 
 thiin ; but Cada Modo could lee no more than two. 
 The one, like thofc brought from Alexandria, but a 
 litile fnialler. The other fort is much larger, has a 
 Srown head, neck, beak and leg', the body yellow 
 and green. He had a number of tliefe two forts, par- 
 ticularly the fmall ones; many died; the reft, being 
 about an hundred and fifty, he carried to Spain, and 
 fold them for half a ducat a piece. Thcfe birds arc 
 very induftrious in making Ihcir ncfts, which they 
 build with bulhufllcs and fmall leaves of the palm, 
 and other trees. The parrot chips out the flcndereft 
 branch, at the end of which flic fallens the bullrufli ; 
 to which, being .nbout two fpans length, flic (licks 
 her ncd, weaving it in a moft beautiful manner; and 
 when finiflied, it hangs like a ball at the end of the 
 bullrufli, having only one part'.ige into it. Thus 
 they continue to five their voung from the devouring 
 ferpents, whofc weight thel'e fmall branches cannot 
 fupport. There is plenty of others called I'haraohN 
 Hens in Europe, whither they arc brought from the 
 Levant. 
 
 The author went three or four times to fee one of 
 their markets or fairs which was kept on Mondays 
 nnd Fridays in a meadow, not far from the place 
 he lodged. Hither repaired, w ith their wares, both 
 men and women, for fourorfiic miles about; and 
 thofc who liv'cd at a greater diftance, went to other 
 markets nearer them. The great povertv of this 
 people appeared in the goods found in thcfe fairs, 
 which were fmall quantities of goods, a few pieces of 
 cottoti cloth, cotton yarns, pulfe, oil, niil'i t, wooden 
 tubs, palm-mats, and every thing eli'c f )r the ufc of 
 life. 
 
 They have no money or coin of any kind j all 
 trade is carried on by way of barter, exchanging one 
 thing for another, and fometinics two or three fur 
 one, accoiding to the dift'ercnt vahus. Thefe blacks, 
 both men and women, came to gaze on Cada Mofto, 
 as if he had been a prodigy ; and thought it a great 
 curiolity to behold a white man, for they had never 
 I'een any before; they were aj muih afloniflied at hi-, 
 drefs as his colour, being cloathed after the Spanifti 
 fafliion, w ith a black damafk waillcoat and a cloak 
 over it. They admired the woolen cloth, of which 
 they have none, and feemed much furprifed at the 
 fight of the wailtcoat. Some catched him by the 
 arms and hands, which they rubbed with fpittle, to 
 fee if the whitencfs was natural or artificial ; and 
 finding that ha Ikiu was not painted, their wonder 
 continued. 
 
 In this country liorfes arc fcarce, bring brought 
 from tliofe parts of IJ^ubary next Kurope, by the A- 
 rabs and Azanaiihi. Uciides, the great heat'wiil not 
 fu Her them to live long; for they grow fo fat, that 
 they cannot make water, and lb burlt. They lud 
 them with the btnn leaves, which thev gather alter 
 the beans are brought from the fields.' 'I'hcfc arc 
 cut fmnll, being as dry as hay, and firve inftead of 
 oats ; they give them millet alfo, which fattens tluiii 
 much. A iiorfe and furniture is fold for from nine 
 to fourteen flaves, according to his goodnefs and 
 beauty. 
 
 When a lord buys one, be fends for his horfe-for- 
 ccrcrs ; who caufing a fire to be made of certain (lalks 
 of herbs, bold the head by the bridle over the fnioak, 
 while they repeat a few words. They afterwaids 
 have him anointed all oyer with fine oil, aid keeping 
 eighteen or twenty days, without fuft'erin;', any body 
 to lee him, fix to his neck feme Aloorilh charms, 
 (which doubled-up, arc like fmall fijuare billets) 
 covered with red leather. 
 
 The women of this country arc very picafant and 
 merry, 'and deli j;ht in fiiiging and dinciiig, particu- 
 larly the young ones. 'I'lielc divrrfuMis they tako 
 only at night, by the light of the moon. Stvei.il 
 things belonging to the failors feemed wonderful to the 
 ncgros, among which was the crofs-bow, but much 
 more the artillery : fome of them coming on board, 
 Cada Motto can lid one of his guns to be fired otl' : 
 v»'hich put them into a fright, tlicir dread increafcd on 
 his telling them, that one cannon fliot would kill an 
 hundred men : on which occafion they laid, that: 
 it muft bean infernal inllrument. The ihij) and its 
 contrivance oflered them alfo matter of great admira- 
 tion, as well as the mads, fails, fhr.iuds and anchor. 
 'I'liey took the port holes made in the Hern, for real 
 eyes, with wdiich flie found her way by fea. 'I'hey 
 faid the Euiopeans were forcerers, and not inferior 
 to the devil hiiufelf: that travellers by land found 
 difficulties in tracing the road lioni one place to 
 another ; yet they travelled by fea where there were no 
 tracks, which teemed much more difficult ; ami 
 though they were fo many days without liidit of land, 
 yet they knew what courfc they fleered. Wli-.t th:y 
 moll of all wondered at, was to fi-c a candle lightLj 
 in a candleftick, which to them, who had n' vcr fccn 
 the like before, appeared both beautiful and riir|>rifingj 
 for in tliis country they have no other light than that 
 of the liie. 
 
 'i'luy luck out the honey from the combs, and throw 
 the wax away as ufelel'^. Thr- author having bou'jht 
 fome of the combs from a negro, fhewcd iiow tho 
 honey was taken out ; and then aftcd if they knew 
 what that was which remained ? they anfweifd, that 
 they knew it to be good for nothing : but they were 
 greatly afloniflied when they law it made into candles, 
 and lighted ill their prtfence ; faying, th-t the 
 Chrillians had knowledge of all thin;'«, wiiitli in- 
 crealed their rclpecl for thofc who were dilljitd to do 
 their countrymen fo many injuries. 
 
 Budomcl's country being examined, (he a'.ubot 
 determined to double Cape dc Verde, in order to 
 make new dil'eoverics, and try his fortune, fi ill far- 
 ther : lor before his dep.utiue from Pnrtng::i, he was 
 informed by Prince Henry, that a perfon, well ac- 
 quainted w ith the countries of tlir negrr-^, had afl'urcd 
 him, that not far from the kingdom of Hcnri'i, there 
 was another called (Janibra : out of which, m cording 
 to the report of liie natives, larg quantities of 
 gold were carried into Spain ; and that the Cl-rillians 
 who fluMiId go thither might enrich tliemfclvi'. 
 
 Cada.Molto ha\'in': left Budoniel, repaired to tin; 
 caraval, and fct fall without delay. One nir.rning he 
 difcovered two fllip', and coming (i)i with t'".ni, 
 found tint one belong' d to An ton lotto IJIo di .V , i 
 <Tcnoefe gentleman, and the other to fome gen' .iron 
 in the fervice of Don Knriqiic/ ; who c;ui.e .1 i ii- 
 panv with a defign to |iafs Cape dr Verde, aiie cck 
 their fortunes, by making new dijcovriiis. As the 
 author had the fame v;ewE, he joined in company 
 
 
 ipany 
 
 with 
 
 I 
 
>4SS 
 
 ] 
 
 COASTS AND ISLANDS OF AFRICA. 
 
 4ir 
 
 with tliem, and ull failed together fouthwrnd along 
 the coall, in fight of land, for the Cape, which they 
 deftricd next day. 
 
 Ca|ic Vcrdc is high and bcautifulj it runs into the 
 ft-a, and has two little hills, or mountains, at the 
 point thtrrof. There are fcveral villages of negros 
 from Sen'.g.i, en and about the promontory, wlm 
 dwell in thatched houfes dole to the fliorc, and in 
 fight of thofe who are failing. There are alfo foine 
 faiul banks that runoff it, about half a mile into 
 the fca. 
 
 Doubling this ca; i.-, iSey came to three liltlc dc- 
 firt illands full of i ige green trees ; and as they 
 w lilted water, theyai; 'jitd atone of thcni, uliich 
 fcLiiRil to he the largelt and mod fruitful, in hopes of 
 meeting with fprings ; but on landing, they found no 
 fign of any, except in one place, which uas of no 
 iirrvice to them. They met however, with fewcral 
 birds nel{s, and eggs of different forts, fuch as thev 
 had never feen before. They continued here all that 
 day (ilhing with lines and large hooks, and catched a 
 great number of lilli. The next dav they pmcceded 
 on their courl'c, keeping always in fight of land. This 
 fide of the ca|>e forms a gulph. The coaft is all low, 
 and full of line large trees which are continually green, 
 that is, they do not wither as tliofc in Kuropedo.forthe 
 new leaves grow before the old ones fall oft'. Thefe 
 trees are dole to the ihore ( it is a nioll beautiful coalt 
 to behold, and is watered every where by llveral fniall 
 rivers 1 hut they turn to no account, becaufe great 
 Ihips cannot enter them. 
 
 Ueyoiid this gulph the coaft is inhabited by two 
 negro nations, the one called Barbafir.i ; the other 
 Serreri, but not fubjeil to the king of Senega, for 
 they have neither king nor lord of their own ; but 
 one is more honoured than another, according to the 
 condition and quality of the perfon. They will fuf- 
 fer no lord among them, perhaps to prevent their 
 wives and children being taken from them and fold 
 for (laves, as they are in the other negro countries 
 which have kings and lords. They are great idola- 
 ters without any law, and extremely cruel. They 
 u(e bows and arrows more than any other weapons-, 
 whofe wounds are incurable, if any blood is drawn 
 by them, the cieature immediately dying. They are 
 exceedingly bl.ick, and well made. I'he place is full 
 of woods, lakes and other waters, which are a great 
 fccurity to them j for they cannot be invaded" but 
 through narrow defiles, for which reafon they do not 
 fear any of the neighbouring lords. In former times 
 the kings of Senega had attempted to reduce thefe 
 two nations to their obedience, but were always 
 worfted by them, to which their arrows, and the na- 
 tural ftrcnjth of the country very confiderably con- 
 tributed. 
 
 Ci>arting along with a good wind to the fouth, they 
 difcovered the mouth of a river which is about a bow- 
 Ihot wide, but not deep. 'I'o this they cave the name 
 of Harhaiini, being 60 miles from Cape Verde. They 
 failed along this coall by day, and at fun-fet always 
 came to an anchor in ten or twelve fathoms water, 
 about four or five miles from land. Al fun-rife, they 
 hoiftcd fail again, having a man continually on the 
 top, and two at the prow, to fee if the fca broke over 
 rocks or flioals. Sailing forward, they came to the 
 mouth of another river, which feemed to be as large as 
 the Seneija. At the fight of fo fine 3 river, and very 
 beautiful with trees down to the Ihore, they calt an- 
 chor, and determined to fend one of their negro in- 
 terpreters to land, of which every Iltip brought fome 
 from Portugal. Thefe had been fold as flavcs by the 
 lords of Senega, to the firft Portuguefc who touched 
 on their coall, were become Chriiiians, and under- 
 Jlood the Spanifli very well. They had them of their 
 inaftcrs, conditionally on their return to give each for 
 his wages a flave to be chofen out of their ftock, and 
 when any of thefe interpreters could furnilh his wai- 
 ter with four flaves, he was made free. 
 
 Havini; caft lots to fee which of the three Ihips 
 fliould (end an interpreter on fliorc, it fcU to tlic Ge- 
 Voi. I. No. j8. 
 
 noefe | 
 armed 
 
 entleman s turn, tiKreloi 
 
 iC l.lipl'l 
 
 lie<l 
 
 with orders to the n11.11 not lo tench 0:1 
 (hore J but when thiy lamicil, the intLipreter, «lio 
 was charged to inform Iiinifdi conccining the con- 
 dition as wl'H as g<ivt'riiiiK'iit of the couiilrv, and i: 
 there was any i'.oKl <jr othi r things to li.- had woi tli 
 coming for. I he intciprcier In mg Liiuivd, and llic 
 boat put back to fonie (|jit.irK.e, Icveral iiegro.i ot the 
 country came to met him. 1 hele, as loon as ever 
 they perceived the (hips i;|',|. roach the co.lt, lay in an:- 
 bu(n with hows, arrow, aiul olhit ueapoiis, in hopes 
 ol taking fome ol ihe llrangeiS. 
 
 After a flinrt dikourlc with the interpreter, wh.it- 
 ever the Uilijeit was, tlKVf»ll lurioullvoii linn witli 
 theii gomies, ami kilhd him, thofe in li.e lioat not 
 being able to adili him. When thole on board the 
 (hip received this news, it gave them great furprife ; 
 and concluding that tholi; ivho could commit luch 
 a piece of baibarity on one of their own race, would 
 treat them with more ciui-ltv. 'I'licy immediately 
 weighed their anchors, and proceeded on their voyage 
 to the fouth, filling in light of the land, which im- 
 proved ill beaulilul green trees, in proportion as thev 
 advanced, all the coaits being low. At l.ilt thev came 
 to the mouth of a very large river, being no Icfs tluii 
 three or four miles wide in the narroaelt part, as they 
 found they could falcly fail into it, they concluded t<i 
 reft there, toKarnuhat kingdom it was. 'I'he next 
 day being come to this river, which does not appear to 
 be lei's than fix or eight miles wide at theentranccj 
 they judged it to belong to the fo muchdefirtd country 
 of Gambra, and that near it they (hould difcover fome 
 rich land, when at once they might make their for- 
 tunes. 
 
 The day followin?, having but a ("mall breeze, they 
 fent the finall caraval before, well manned, with or- 
 ders, thai as their Hiip was fmall, and drew but lit- 
 tle water, (lie (hould proceed as far as (he could. If 
 they met with any banks in the river's mouth, they 
 were to found the depth, and if the river was naviga- 
 ble, then to turn back, and caflir.g anchor, give 
 fignals of the fame. Having found four fathoms wa- 
 ter thcydidas they were ordered. On this, it was 
 thought proper to fend another armed boat along with 
 the velKIs, (which was but fmall) into the river, with 
 orders by nfi means to light or dilputt with the na- 
 tives of thi. country. 
 
 Thefe boats proceeded up the river, which they 
 founded, and finding nolelsthan 16 fathoms v/ater for 
 two miles, they advanced farther, and faw the banks 
 of the liver very beautiful, and full of trees; but as 
 they perceived it made feveral turnings and windings 
 into the country, they did not think proper to pro- 
 ceed any farther. In theii way back, near the mouth 
 of a little river, which ran into the great one, they 
 faw three almeydas, each made out of om; piece ot 
 large wood, lik a fkift'. Though they were flrong 
 enough to defend tlicml'elves, yei in fi ar of being at- 
 tacked with poifoned arrows (iifedby all the inhabi- 
 tants of Cianibra, as the oilur negros h.ad informed 
 them) they took to their oars, making all poiHble 
 hafte back to the (hip. When they got onboard, the 
 almcdyas, which followeil them dole, ucre within ar- 
 row-Ihot. '{'here were about 25 or 30 Moors in her, 
 who ftood for (ome time looking at a fight quite new 
 to them, but would neither come nearer, nor fpeal^ 
 notwithftanding all the endeavours that were ukd by^ 
 figns to induce them ; and atlaft they returned, hav- 
 ing fatisfied their curiofity. " 
 
 About three o'clock, next morning, the two cara- 
 vals, which (laved behind, tailed with the current and 
 a fmall breese, in order to join their companion* 
 and entered into the river ; hoping to meet with more 
 humane people than thofe they had feen before. They 
 failed into the river one after another, the linall cara- 
 val being foremoft, and by the time tlT'.y had got four 
 miles up it, they perceived themfelvcs followed by '. 
 number of almeydas, without knowing from where* 
 they came. They tacked about, and bofe down uiior) 
 them, having firA covered their (hips in the beft r.an- 
 5 U , J.«r 
 
 '1 
 
 I 
 
VOYAGES TO THE 
 
 »3« 
 
 ncr they coiiKl, to fcivf asailtfcnce againft thiir I 
 UipppliJ iiivcninm'd ainivvs-. Thiv majc every thing 
 rc;idy to iii;lit, tlimigli ill providtil with arms, and 
 loon met them. The ainicvdas came under the prow 
 of Cada MoHo's fhip, winch was t'ortriioll ; and divid- 
 ing thcinttlvcs into two diviiions, tnok tlicni in their 
 centre. This gave tlicni an opptulunity to count 
 their number, w hich was fifteen, and as large as barks. 
 They ceali;il to row, raifed tlieir oars, and looked 
 tipon the caraval with wonder. There were about 
 ■150 ncgros, all well in.idc, of a yood fize, and very 
 bl.ick. I'liey wore white cotton fliirts on their bodies, 
 and caps on their heads, like the ticnnans ; but with 
 a vvin^;on each iide, and a feather in the middle, by 
 which they diftinguifh thcnifelves as warriors. 
 At the prow of e.ich vefl'el there flood a negro, with a 
 round target ( which feemcd to be of leather) on his 
 arm ; yet they neither attacked the caraval, nor did 
 (he chufc to begin the fight. Thus they continued 
 peaceable till they faw the other two (hips bear down 
 upon them ; then they dropped their oars, and foot 
 arrows at them : the velicl difcharged four pieces of 
 cannon at theencmy ; the report of which, fo fur- 
 prifed them, . .at they threw down their bows; and 
 looking Comeiiines oneway, andfometimcs anotlier,re- 
 mained turprifed to fee the Hones foattercd by the can- 
 nun fall in the water near them. They continued in 
 this fulpcncc for a confiderable time : hut feeing the 
 cannon fired no more at them, layed hold of their 
 bows, renewed the fight with great fury, approaching 
 within a ftone's {hot of the fhips. On this the 
 fuilors began to difcharge their crofs-bows at them. 
 The firft foot was made by the baltard fon of the 
 Genocfe gentleman, which, hitting a negro in the 
 brealt, he immediately dropped down dead. Thofe in 
 the almeyda took up the dart, and gazed on it with 
 wonder, but did not give over the attack, which they 
 carried on vigoroully, and wer^ fo fiercely oppofed 
 by the caravals, that in a little time many of them 
 were killed, without the lofs of one European. 
 O' ''erving the difadvantage they laboured under, all 
 the almeydas fccmed to agree to attack the little 
 caraval aKern, which was both ill manned and ill 
 armed. They executed this defign with great fury, 
 which Cada iVIolto oblerving, moved forward to her 
 aflillance : and getting her between the two large ca- 
 ravals, they all difcharged their cannon and crofs- 
 bows at the almeydas, which made them retire. 
 After this, they linked the three caravals together, 
 and dropped an anchor that held them all, as it was 
 calm. 
 
 They next attempted to have fome talk with the 
 negros, by means of their interpreters, who often 
 lulled them. At lallone of the almeydas drawing 
 near, they aflced tl fe in her the reafon for attacking 
 ftrangers, who came to trade with them, as they had 
 done with the negros of the kingdom of Senega : that 
 they were willing to be upon the (aire terms with 
 them, if they thought proper, and were come from 
 remote parts wi'h great prelents to their king or lord, 
 in bthalf of the king of Portugal, who was defirous 
 of peace and friend(hip with him. 
 
 'i'hey then intreated the negros to let them know 
 what country they were in, who was king of it, 
 
 Jtxey might freecly come and take what goods they 
 thought proper out of their (hip ; that they would 
 take in return fome of their commodities, in fuch 
 fmall quantities as they pleafed thcmfelves,and that in 
 cafe thcv gave them none at all, they (hould be very 
 well c ntenttd. To this they made anfwer, That 
 they had fome intelligence of them before, ami of 
 their dealings with the negros of Senega, who they 
 laid, mull certainiv be very wicked men, for defiring 
 to have any frienddiip with them : for they were well 
 afl'ured Chrillians were men-eaters, and bought negros 
 for no other ufe than to devour them : that for the 
 fame realbn, tliey would have no manner of cnrref>- 
 pondcnce with then* ; but would endeavour to kill 
 them, and then make prelents of their cffctts to their 
 
 r'455- 
 
 lords, who lived about three davs joiirflev jrftant, ami 
 added, that the Loiintiy was called (iambra, lifthij 
 inllant the wind began to rile, and as they liad dif- 
 covcrcd the evil inclinations of the negros, they bore 
 down upon them ; but they Hud to the (hore ; and 
 thus ended their war with them. 
 
 The commanders of the caravals then came to a 
 rcfolutioH to proceed about 100 miles up the river, in 
 hopes of meeting with a better dilpoled people: liM 
 the failors, who were impatient to utiirn home, not 
 caring to run any farther hazard, unaniinounv, and 
 loudly oppofed their determination : declaring, that 
 they would confent to no fuch thing, and that they 
 had done enough already for this voyage. Therefore 
 being obliged to come into their meafures, the next 
 day they failed for Cape Verde on their return to 
 Spain. 
 
 During their ftay in this river, they faw the north 
 (tar but once, and that very low. In this place, the 
 firft of July, they found the night to be eleven hours 
 and a half long, and the day twelve and a half. 
 This climate is always hot, and the author was told 
 that the rain which falls within land is warm, 
 through the heat of the air. There is, however, fome 
 difterence in the heat, which is fomctimes greater, at 
 other times lefs. When this laft is the cafe, they call 
 it winter : for the rain begins in July, and continues 
 all 0>Slober, and falls every day about noon, when 
 certain clouds rife in the north-eaft-by-eaft or caft- 
 fouth-eaft point, accompanied with much thunder, 
 lightning, and a prodigious quantity of rain. In thi$ 
 feafon the negros begin to fow their grain, in the 
 fame manner as thofe in Senega do. Their food 
 is millet, pulfc, flefo, and milk. 
 
 Cada Mofto could fay nothing concerning the 
 condition of the coujitry of Cjambra, as having been 
 obliged to return to Spain without proceeding any 
 farther j partly through the untrattablcnefs of the 
 natives, who are a fierce, wild people, cfpecially thofe 
 on the fea coaft, and partly thiough the perverfenefs 
 of the failors, who had retuftd to follow them, and 
 we find nothing more noticed till his return. -^.^ 
 
 The next year he and the Genoefe gentleman 
 jointly fitted out two caravals, in order to return to. 
 that river. Prince Henry having heaiil of their de- 
 fign (which indeed they could not have undertaken 
 without his leave) was highly pleafed at it, and de- 
 termined to fend a caraval of his own along with 
 them. Every thing being got ready for the voyage, 
 they failed from f.agos, not far from Cape St. Vin- 
 cent, in the beginning of May, with a profpcrous 
 wind. They fteeied for the Canaries, and made them 
 in a few days : but as the wind continued favourable, 
 thev did not touch at them, continuing their courfc 
 I'outherly j the i urrcnt, which ran to the foulh-wc(t, 
 alio favouring them, they failed at a great rate. At 
 lalt, coming in fight of Cape Blanco, they kept 
 out to fea, and the night following wire taken in a 
 great ftorm from the fouth-we(V, which made them 
 lieer weft-by-north for two nights and three days, 
 rather than turn bark, in order to weather the tem- 
 peft. 
 
 On the third day, they defcricd land, to the great 
 joy us well as furprifc of every one, to find it in 
 thole parts, where they thought there was none. 
 Having immediately ordered two men to the main-top, 
 they difcovcrcd two large iflamls : this being made 
 public, their fatisfaiStion was ftill the greater j for 
 they were fenfible, thele illands were not known in 
 Spain. As they imagined the places might be inha- 
 bited, and were eager to pufo their f<irtuncs j they 
 ftcered for one of them, which fooh coming up with, 
 they failed round part of it, till they came to fafe an- 
 chorage. The weather growing calm, they lent their 
 boat well manned and armed on Ihore : the men 
 landed, and having gone over fome part of it, brought 
 word back, that they could meet with no finns of in- 
 habitants. Next morning to clear up all doubts, 
 Cada Mofto fcnt ten men well armed with guns, crofs- 
 bows, and other weapons, ordering thtm to go to the 
 
 top 
 
 -Msrtr.v 
 
>455'1 
 
 COASTS AND IS r-AKDS OF AFRICA. 
 
 439 
 
 top of fome mountains in view, and thence look out 
 not only for people, hut alfo lor more iflands. Thcff 
 men having cxecuud their coninmniU, found no in- 
 habitants, but an incredible number of pigeons, which 
 they caught with their hands, fuch ftranjicrs were 
 the birds to man, and brought grc.it quantities ot 
 them to the caravals. What was of much more iin- 
 portaiu-c they difcovcrcd three other large iflands, one 
 of which was to the leeward toward the north, which 
 thiifc ill liic Ihips did not fee j the other two lay to the 
 ioulh, and in their courfe, all within fij>ht of one 
 another. 'I'hefe men lilcewifc obfervcd fomcthing like 
 iflaiuls to the weft, but at fo great a diftance, that 
 they could not didinguifh them clearly, neither did 
 CaJa Mofto care to fail to them, led hs fhould lofc 
 time, and meet with nothing but dcfart iflands, like 
 thofe hetouched at. (The newsof his having diicovered 
 thefe four iflands, brought others this way afterwards, 
 who, being defirous to fee how many iflands there 
 were in all, found them to be ten in number both great 
 and fmall, inhabited only by pigeons and other birds: 
 but a tine Hfliery). 
 
 I'rocecdingon their voyage they failed from this ifland, 
 and coming in fight of the other two, fearched for an 
 anchoring place near one of them which was full of 
 trees. Here they difcovered the mouth of a river, and 
 being in need of water, they came to an anchor, and 
 landed in order to fupply their wants. Some of the au- 
 thor's men went a little way up the river, and met 
 with fome lakes of beautiful fine fait, large quantities 
 of which they brought to the fliip : laying in what 
 Uock they thought neceflary ; as they did likewife 
 of the water, which was exceeding good. Tortoiles 
 they found here in great numbers ; they took a good 
 many of them, whofe fliells were larger than a great 
 target. The failois drcfled them in different diflies, 
 as they had done before in the gulph of Argin, where 
 alfo thcfj fifli arc plenty, though not fo large. The 
 author, out of curiofity ate fonre of the flelh, which 
 fcemed to be very good, and nothing interior to veal, 
 having a good fmell and tafte. They falted a num- 
 ber ot them, which proved good provifion on the 
 voyage. They caught alfo fuch a large quantity of 
 other fith about the mouth, as well as in this river, as 
 is fcarccly credible ; and though they knew not the 
 kind, yet it was large and well taflred. A vcflel of 
 an hundred and fifty tons might fail into the river, 
 which was a full arrow's fliot wide. Here they re- 
 mained two days to refrefh, and took in the above- 
 mentioned provilions, befides large quantities of pi- 
 goons, which they killed without number. I'o the 
 tlrfl ifland they anchored at, they gave the name of 
 Bona Vifta, as has b:cn already oblervcd, being the 
 iirfl they had fight of in thofe parts, and to the other, 
 which fcemed the largeft of the four, St. J.igo, hav- 
 ing call anchor there on the firft of May. 
 
 Every thing being in readinefs for purfuing their 
 voyage, they fet fail from thefe iflands ; and ffcering 
 their courfe for Cape de Verde, arrived at Spedegar j 
 and keeping within fight of land, came afterwards 
 to a place called. The two Palms, lying between Cape 
 Verde and the river Senega. They knew the courfe 
 fo well that they doubled the Cape next day, and 
 pafTing forward came once more to the river Gambia, 
 into which they fpeedily entered, and without any 
 oppofuion from the negios or their almeydas, failed 
 up the river, always by day, with the lead in hand. 
 Such of the almeydas of the negros as they met with 
 kept at a diftance, and rowed clofe to the bank of the 
 river, not prcfuming to venture near them. 
 
 About ten miles within the river they caft anchor, 
 on a Sund.iy morning, at an ifland in the fliape of a 
 fmoothing-iron, .vhcrc one of the failors, who had 
 died of a fever, was buried j and as his name was 
 Andrew, being well-bclovcd, they gave the ifland the 
 name of St. Andrew, which it goes by. 
 
 Lciving this ifland they proceeded up the river, 
 and fome of the negro almeydas followed, though 
 wide of thcin, being hailed, the interpreter fpoke to 
 them, and Ihcwcd tnem a few trinkets, which were 
 
 oftiircd to be given them, telling them that they might 
 fafely come near. One of them who came on board 
 Cada Mollo's vefl'el, was much furprifed at the fight 
 of the fails and rigging, thefe people making ufj 
 of no fuch tackle in the conllraition of their al- 
 meydas. 
 
 lleiiig aflccd fcveral queftions relative to the coun- 
 try, tliis man faid it was called Ciambra, and that 
 Foiof.ingali was their lord, whole refidentc it ap- 
 peared was at the diftance of about nine days jour- 
 ney. This prince, he obferved, was tributary to the 
 emperor of Melli. And this man introduced Cad:w 
 Mofto (after a paifage of forty miles up thf river) to 
 the refidcnce of a prince or lord called li.'tlimanfa, 
 with whom he advifed them to enter into a treaty of 
 pcicc and fricndfliip. The author made him a pie- 
 fent of a filkcn Moorifh garment, and told him, that 
 they came from the chrillian king of Portugal, wliu 
 wiihed to enter into a treaty of commerce with their 
 countrymen. 
 
 Battimanfa agreed, and received the cmbalTy with 
 much civility. A trade was afterwards eftablifhed, 
 and cotton, cotton yarn, civet, and other commo- 
 dities (befides monkeys and baboons) were traded and 
 bartered for, as alfo negro flaves and fome gold j but 
 the latter not in fo large a quantity as Cada Mofto 
 had expelled. 
 
 Every day he faw his vcfTels crowded with people 
 of ditferent complexions and of various languages, 
 the negros continuing to go up and down in their 
 almeydas with men and women on board, from one 
 place to another. The natives here, like thofe of 
 other places already defcribcd, put great faith in for- 
 cery. But there are fome Mahometans among them, 
 the Moors having infinuated themlLlvcs by trade, or 
 gamed footing by force, along moll part of the 
 coads of Africa. 
 
 The natives of this country live nearly after the 
 manner of thofe of Senega. 'J'heir clothing is of 
 cotton i and the women, when they are young, make 
 figures on their necks, brcafts and arm:;, with the 
 point of a hot needle. At a fpring near the banks 
 of a river, the failors found a very large tree full of 
 holes and hollow, the branches make a large fhadc. 
 There were other trees larger than this, by whicli the 
 richnefs of the foil is eafily conceived ; the country 
 being watered by feveral ftrcams. 
 
 The author fliys the country is full of elephants ; 
 but the inhabitants know not how to tame them, as iii 
 other countries. As they lay at anchor in the middle 
 of the river, three elephants came out of the woods, 
 and walked by the river-fide : they put out their boat, 
 and fome hands to go to them, being at i'ome diftance; 
 but on their approach, thefe animals returned into the 
 woods. 
 
 Thefe were all the author faw alive. Afterwards 
 a negro gentleman, out of complaifanoc (hewed him 
 a young one dead, which this negro (who lived ncaf 
 the river's mouth) had killed after two days chacc. 
 Thefe people hunt on foot in the woods, with bows 
 and aft'aguays only, which are envenomed. Their 
 method is to place themfelves behind the trees, and 
 fometimes mount to the tops, leaping fiom one to 
 another, in the puifuit of the el phant ; which bcino- 
 a large animal, is wounded ir many places before it 
 carrturn about, without having power to make any 
 reliftancc; though in an open field, no man duril 
 attack one ; or could efcapc, were he ever fo I'wift. 
 But he will never hurt any perlon unlets provoked 
 to it. 
 
 The gentleman made the author a prefent of what 
 part of the dead elephant he liked beft j and gave the 
 remainder to the huntfmen to feail on. When Cada 
 Moflo underllood that this elephant was eaten by the 
 negros, he had a piece of it cut off for loafting and 
 boiling. Of this he ate, that he might fay he had 
 fed on the flcfli of an animal, which none of his coun- 
 try had ever done j however, he could not relifli it j 
 for he found it hard and of no pleafant tafte. He 
 brought one of the legs, and part of the trunk, to 
 
 the 
 
 
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 4^0 
 
 V O Y A G K S TO THE 
 
 fi.*-'' 
 
 the carav.i), logrthct with fomcof its hair, taken off 
 the boily, which was very hiacic and thick, liciiig a 
 (pan and a half long. [This linir, with part of thi- 
 flefli, faltci! on piirpofe, he on his return prelentetl to 
 the prince, who received it with great pleafurc, as it 
 was the full that came from this country, dilcoveicJ 
 by his own encouragement. J 
 
 ItmuK be oblbrved that the elephant's foot is round 
 like that of a hurfe, but without h<iof<', which are 
 fupplied by ahard, bl.ick, and very thick (kin, bcfet 
 with five nails on the forepart, which are round. The 
 foot nf this elephant, though young, was not fofmall 
 but that the folc meafured u fpan and an half every 
 way. 
 
 In the (Jambra, as will as all other rivers on this 
 coaft, bcfiuis the Calcitnci, and other animals, there 
 is one called the Rivcr-horfe, of the fame nature al- 
 moft with the fea-cow, whicli lives both in land and 
 in the water. It is as large as a cow in the bodv, and 
 has but fliort legs with cloven feet, and a large head 
 like that of an Tiorfc, wilh two large teeth like tlie 
 wild boar's hulks, I'omc of which the author had fecn 
 above two fpans in length. This animal getting out 
 of the river, walks along the fide like other four- 
 footed beafls, and was never before difcovered by any 
 of the (Jhriltians t'latCada Mofto could learn, except 
 perhaps in rhc Nile. He alfo f.iw bats upwards of 
 three fpans long, and ftveral other birds very diUcrent 
 from thofc in our parts, both in talk and (hape, but 
 yen' good to eat. 
 
 Having left Battimanfa's country, in a few days 
 they got out of the river, having Itocked themfclves 
 with a fiifficiency of commodities, they agreed to con- 
 tinue their courle along the coalt; but as they found 
 themfclves too near the river (Jambra, and the land 
 ran a great way to the fouth-weft, as far as to a point | 
 which they took for a cape, they kept to the wcif, in 
 order to gain the fea, though the coalt was very low, 
 and full of trees. This being done, at laft they per- 
 ceived that it was not a cape, as they had fuppofed, 
 the fhore appearing ftrait on the other fide of the 
 point. However, they failed at a diftance, and kept 
 good watch, as they difcovered breakers upon it. 
 
 " Within three days afterwards, (fays our author) 
 they difcovered the mouth of a river, which appeared 
 to be about half a mile wide, and towards evening, 
 faw a little gulph, which they took for the entrance 
 of a river, nut as it grew late, they came to an an- 
 chor, and failing into the gulph the next nmrning, 
 found a river not much fmaller than that of Ganibra, 
 (or CJanibia.) Calling anchor here, they ngrced to 
 arm two of their boats, anil to fend their interpreters 
 on ftiore, in order to get intelligence relating to the 
 fituationof thecoimtry, and thedifpofition of its in- 
 habitants. The interpreter returning, brought word 
 that the river w.as called. The River Cafamanfa, ta- 
 king it-, name from a negro chief who refided about 
 
 {0 miles up the country. H.iiliij; received this i,i- 
 tellij;ence, they failed from t!ii> raer the mst duj. 
 Its lituation wa^ about 25 h.igues from Gambia. 
 They afterwarils »;aine 10 a ca|ie about leveii Itaj'ues 
 diftant, which «.!■. fnmcwhat higliir than the nit of 
 ihe coalt. The limit of it appeared to b; rtil ; fir 
 which reafon it was dcnoiniMMcd Cape Roxo; Itill 
 proceeding, they ariivrd at the moutli of tuo other 
 large rivers, one ct which they called S. Anne's, and 
 the other S. Duminitk's. 
 
 The next d.iy they c.inie to another large river, 
 which appeared to be a guhph, and they perceived le- 
 veral beautiful tries on the loulherii (.de of it. Hav- 
 ing failed acrols, they faw Uime iflaiul? in the lea, 
 and came ti: an aiicimr, as ul'ual, in older to j-et 
 intelligence of the countrv. Tho large almeydaj 
 came off to them, the day afltr they had anchored, 
 and thefe rowed on board the fliii>s. Ore of them 
 was as large as acaraval, with abi.ut 30 liands in her, 
 and the other had about 16. The I'ortugucit oblirv- 
 ing that they came on with gre.it cageriitf.N, took to 
 thiir arms, not knowini; what their defigns might bej 
 and being thus prcpuK-il, waited their arrival. How- 
 ever, as they drew near, they hoifted out fometliing 
 while, as a (ignal of iwace, which the Portuguifj an- 
 fweiing, the neg.-os came along-(ide. The largelt 
 of the two aliiie)>das advanced towards Cada MoHo's 
 veflel, and feeined (truck with admiration as they 
 conlimplated its (vim, examining th': main- fails, 
 yards, anil rigging, with the molt minute atteiiiioii. 
 The interpieter, by order, afked them what place it 
 was ; but to the great mortification of the voyager.-,, 
 as he could not uiiderlland a word of ihtir langu.ige, 
 no iitclligcnce was to be gained. However, a lew 
 gold rings were bought hce, the price of them be- 
 ing agreed upon by fignals. 
 
 As our voyages found themfclves in a country where 
 their interpreters could not poiTibly be of any ule 
 to them, they had little encouragement to proceed. 
 In this river, called Rio Grande (which Ue Faria 
 fays was difcovered by Nunncz 'I'riftan nine years 
 before) they remained two days, and, during their 
 (tay there, experienced great contrarity in the tides 
 and currents, which fet in with fuch violence, that it 
 was wilh difficulty they bore up againd them, havin^; 
 often three anchors a-head ; and fomctimes they were 
 forced to hoift their fails, the current exceeding tlie 
 force of the wind by its impctuofity. 
 
 Leaving the mouth of this river, they direified 
 theircouric towards two large iilands, and (omc fmall 
 ones, that layabout 30 miTes diftant from the conti- 
 nent. Thefe two large illamls were inhabited by ne- 
 gros : the country was low, but full of beautiful 
 trees. But meeting with foinc difficulty as before in 
 regard to language, Cada Mofto thought fit to quit 
 them, and continue his courfc to Kurope, where he 
 arrived in fafcty, after a profperous voyage. 
 
 VOYAGE OF THE SIEUR D' ELBEE, to ARDRAH, on the COAST 
 
 OF AFRICA. 
 
 TH E Portugucfe, EngliOi and Dutch, had rc- 
 fpe£lively vifited the African coafts ; the en- 
 tcrprifing genius of the' French would not fufFer 
 them tc be idle. Guinea, the £a(l and Weft Indies 
 were objefls of their attention, and they failed not to 
 make voyages to thofe places with a view to eftabliih 
 fettlements in them, as well as in the weftern hemif- 
 phcre, where they envied the fuGcels of the Spaaiard*, 
 
 who lindcr the aufpiccs of Columbus, had added a 
 new quarter to the globe. 
 
 'i'he French Weft Indian company, eftablilhed in 
 1664, finding the want it had of n?gro (laves, equipped 
 two vefTels at Havre dc Grace, viz. The Juftice, and 
 the Concorde, each of 250 tons, aiid carrying 32 
 guns. The Sieur d' Elbee, commidioncr of the 
 marines, was named commodere of chcle Ibips, and 
 7 went 
 
COASTS AND ISLANDS OF AFRICA. 
 
 iti- 
 ne- 
 Iful 
 
 ill 
 luit 
 
 he 
 
 md 
 
 3* 
 the 
 ind 
 riit 
 
 1670.J 
 
 went on board the Judice, having with him the Sieur 
 du Bourg, who was appointed commanJer of the in- 
 tended tort and factory on the coall of Ardrah. 
 Amungdthe under ladtors who went on this txpwli- 
 tton, was one Carlut, who knew the country by 
 having refilled there in the Dutch fervicr, and was 
 now entered into that of the French company. 'I'hefc 
 vefli'ls departing November I « i66g, failed along the 
 cciftof Africa, and having touched at Cape lilanco, 
 nnd feveral other places, came to an anchor in the 
 road of Atdrah, January the 4th, 1670. 
 
 The next day the Sieur Carlof landed, and went to 
 OfFra. He w.-is informed at I'raya, by the go- 
 vernor, that the Dutch being apprifed of the com- 
 pany's dcfign, ufed all methods 10 travcrfe and ruin 
 the cntcrprili;. Tliis governor did not f.i 1, according 
 to his foveieign's orders, to difpatch a courier to Ar- 
 drah, to notify to the court the arrival of the French 
 (hips, and the Sieur Curlof lent off another with let- 
 ters to Offra 1 he was moil kindly received by the 
 viceroy, and returned on board to give the Sieur 
 D' Elbee an account of what he hivd Icirncd by this 
 journey. The Second of the Dutch factory came on 
 board the Jufticc to compliment the commodnre, and 
 made him a prefent of i'relh provifions. tioth his 
 compliment and prefent were received, and though the 
 commodore was lijcrctly convinced of his fecret ill will, 
 yet he was regaled, and lent back with prefents, as if 
 hehad bcenareal friend. The Sieur du Kourg landed, 
 and went to OHVa, where the Englifli factor provided 
 him a lodging and prov'Aons ; for the natives were 
 not allowed to furnifh any, till, by the king's orders, 
 the trade was opened. The viceroy, however, re- 
 ceived him with ^rent civility. 1 '>rce days palled 
 without any anfwer from court. Thi: furprifed the 
 Sieur Carlof the more, as he had writtL'i a letter to 
 the king, reminding his m.ijelly of their ancient 
 frienillhip, and that, in their youth, they had drank 
 mouth to mouth, that is, out of the fame glafs ; 
 which, amongll thcfe people, is a fort of pledge or 
 token of perpetual friendfliip. 
 
 In the mean time the company's prcC-nts for the 
 king were landed. AmongH thcfe was a fine gilt 
 coach, with a magnilicent fet of harnelTcs, which 
 fort of carri.ige had been introduced by the Portu 
 guefe. 
 
 It is the cudom of the court of Ardrah to make 
 Grangers wait a long time for an anfwer. The king, 
 inconfideration of his former friendfliip for the Sieur 
 Carlof, was pleafcd to Ihorten the time. The deputy 
 captain of his majefly arrived at OiFra, July the i6th, 
 ten days after the date of the letters. He waited on 
 the Sieur Carlof (who was at the Sieur du Uourg's 
 lodgings) in the king's name, and told him, that 
 prince was overjoyed to find any of his friends alive, 
 who were worthy to fee him ; that he (hould have that 
 honour immediately ; and that the king, to (hew his 
 remembrance of their former friendfliip, would not 
 receive his prefents before hand, as he did of;other na- 
 tions : he added, that the king was well difpofed to 
 favour the French, and grant them the fame privi- 
 leges enjoyed by other nation^, and even greater, 
 and that his majefly had commanded the prince his 
 Ion, and the great contain, to repair as foon as pof- 
 fible to Ofl'ra, and conduiSt him to court. This 
 news, which the French took care to publifli, greatly 
 mortified the Dutch. Two days after, the iureditary 
 prince, .ind the great captain of trade, arrived toge- 
 ther at OfFra. "The Sieur du Bourg, attended by the 
 Sieur Carlof, went immediately to vifit the prince. 
 The meeting pafled in mutual compliments, and, as 
 it was late, no motion was made of bufinefs. Next 
 day the prince, attended by the great captain, returned 
 the vifit i and after the ficfl civilities, told him, that 
 he was fent by the king his father to conduiS him to 
 Aflcm, (or Ureat Ardrah) but that firfl he would 
 entertain and drink with him at the fea-fiJe ; from 
 whence, returning to Offra, he would proceed to 
 court. After this vifit, the French had the liberty 
 of buying from the natives what ihcv wiiitcd, not 
 Vol. r No. 38. 
 
 44* 
 
 only on fliorc, Juit for the vi'dlls in tlic rnaj, t''- 
 tliougli they wanted little, havin;; been pliniilully 
 fuppMed by the coalt negrns in the iiijjil. [.inuiiv 
 the.zoth, the prince w.is carried t'j tin' ica lldi", wlitf 
 a lari^c tent had hem ereclnl fur hi n. lie wps at- 
 tended by the great captain ot traiii', 'he Siiiirdii 
 Uourg and Carliif, the l-.ngldh l'acl)i., and i!\e un- 
 der clerks of the Dutch laotoiy. H : armed at the 
 Ihore about nine nVloik in tlie nuMiiin^. As loon as 
 he appeared, the Sieur d' Ellice, who sv.is on boaril, 
 faluted him with four ililcli.ii(.Hs of v^elvr .;uhs each, 
 at Imall intervals, alter winch he went on (hiirc. 
 As foon as the boat came near land< the prince lent 
 fome of his retinue, who took him on their llinuldcrsj 
 and brought him on lh>>rc ^ others lifted up (he boat 
 with all the crew, and fet it down tweniy tathonis 
 from the fea, with as much dexterity as ftreiigth. 
 Thele ncgros were all large and loliuft men, hut 
 quite naked, except a piece 01 cotton cloth round tlieir 
 waifl. 
 
 After the Sieur do Klhec had aJv meed fome paces, 
 an officer defired him in Poiiii^uelr, to (laii where he 
 was; which he did, and all the p ople, who had 
 crouded to fee him, retired, out of iiipcct, fo that he 
 remained alons- with his attendants at the nei;r(iof- 
 licer's. Soon after, they perceived a conipan\ of ne- 
 ^ros approach, who carrieil crooked flicks, in the 
 (hapeof an S, at tht end of which were fixed little 
 banner', wh^ch they Ihouted with, playing a thoii- 
 fand tricksof dexteiitv. After tlieli', came the drum- 
 mers, their drums being painted and tjper at each 
 end. They beat well, and made an agreeable ca- 
 dence. 'J'hcy were followed by others, who bore the 
 inflrumcnts of polifhed iron, like fm.ill bells, on 
 which tliey made mufic with rods jingling in con- 
 cert with the drums ; next came a laige tioop of co- 
 medians, or players, fome dancing, others finging* 
 and (hewed feveral antic poflures ; lome telling di- 
 verting ftorics, and aniongfl the;n fome had brafs and 
 ivory trumpets of different fizes, whofe founds kept 
 time with the other mufic. All thef" compoied the 
 prince's band of mufic, and aUvr^s attend him, when 
 he appears in ftatc. They p-l. J in good order by the 
 Sieur d' Klbec, entertaining him with their beft trum-. 
 pets, 'I'he officers of tlic prince's houfliold appeared 
 next, at f.ime diflance at the head of his guards, whn 
 marched with their mufquets on their (houlders, and 
 had by their fide* fabrcs with gilt handles. Thcfe 
 were fiillowed by the great equerry, or niaiter of the 
 horfe, who walked finglc, richly drelFed, his baton 
 his head, and t>earing on his (houlders the prince's? 
 fabre, as the I'word of ftatc is carried before the doge 
 of Genoa. The prince came next, having borne 
 over his head a large unihrtlla. He walked (1owly< 
 leaning on two of his officers ; the great captain (or 
 general) of horfe marched at his right fide, and ih: 
 great captain of trade on hit left, rie was followed 
 by feveral of the nobles, or grandees, and the pro- 
 cefFion clofed with above 10,000 negros. 
 
 When the prince approached within ten p.nces of 
 the Sieur d'Elbec, he flopped, and then the officers, 
 who attended the latter, told him it was time to ad- 
 vance. He did fo, faluting with a low bow, in the 
 French fafhiun, the prince, who prclented him his 
 hand, and d'Elbee gave his to the piincc, who 
 fqucezcd it gently, looking at him fteadfaflly, without 
 fpeaking. D'tltie was filent a moment, to exprcfs his 
 refpeift, and then made him his compliment in Por- 
 tuguefe, whichthcprincc,out of (late, had intirpreied^ 
 though he both undcrftood and fpokc the Portut^uefe 
 well. He made ufe of the fame interpreter, to ttfl the 
 Sieur D'Elbee for anfwer, that he was glad to fee 
 him; that he would employ all his credit with the 
 king, his father, in his favour j and that he thanked 
 him for his obliging oflers. After this, be took hira 
 by the hand, and made him walk by his fide b neath 
 the umbrella. He would lee the boat which brought 
 him on (hnre : he examined it with attention, and 
 taking the flig which it had, caufed it to be let u|> 
 befoie his tent, where was drawn up a company of 
 5 X nM'. 
 
40 
 
 VOYAGES to T U t 
 
 [1679; 
 
 i 
 i 
 
 hiiilqiietfcr«, wliofc p'tccs wfrc in good order, nnd 
 
 tlicv Imd all fahrcs aiul pdiulic?. 
 
 'I'd'- Siiiir j)'Klhtx- ami ihu prince convcrficl and 
 dim J tii.;i.tlicr, alter tlir ni:iiiMcr of the Cduntrvj -ind 
 ihc l.ittt 1 on his cnniing out, caulcd Icvcml hniidl'iils 
 of bujis to he dillribultd to the people, I'roni whom 
 he reccivtd louil acrlamall'ns. After thi'-, trade was 
 opiM, ami the French had lull liberty to deal with the 
 kinj^'s fiiiijciits. 
 
 'i'htpnnec ;ippfarcc!tobc aboiitthirty or thirty-five. 
 He h:id on but two pagncs ^)r robes, both of which 
 train.il on the ground i one was of fatin, the other of 
 tartyte, witli a bioad tattytc fcarf tied like a belt. 
 The I ill of liis boily was n.iked. He had on a hat 
 with red ;inJ \\liitc fenthers, and red pumps on liis 
 feet. — At th," Sieur D'Elbct's taking leave in the 
 tvcnini;, tlit princo Shewed him new civilities, prn- 
 mifing hiiii liis jirotcCtion to the French nation on all 
 oicali.iiis, and would even fee him to his boat : which 
 a nunilicr of iK.wt ncj^ros took on their (honlders and 
 c.'.rricd into the fca, beyond the large waves. The 
 commodore liluted the prince with many huzzas, 
 and his Ihip wiih four lalvosof twelve guns each. 
 
 In the mean time the prince |daccd himfelf in his 
 hammock, which was cairicd by two lufty ncgros. 
 'I'he Sicurs du liourg and Carlof alfogot into theirs j 
 and like him had umbrellas carried over their heads. 
 The prince fet out thus, attended by his guards, 
 his mulic, and a great crowd of people. It was late 
 before they reached Oft'ra. 
 
 The next day, January the 21ft, the prince at- 
 tended by the two grand captains, paid a vilit to Du 
 Bourg, and invited him to accompany him to AHcm, 
 ordering hammocks to be given him and Carlof. 
 'J'hey fet out on the 24th, and as they travelled in the 
 prince's company, had the advantage of feeing "the 
 country by day, which is a privilege denied to all 
 ftrangcrs. The prince gave them a grand entertain- 
 ment at (ji'eat Foro, a large village, which lies half 
 way between Offra and Ailem; and as they fet out 
 late, it was night when they arrived at the capital. 
 They were condu.'ted to an apartment in the king's 
 pal.'.ce, defigncd for the French, where the king fcnt 
 them their flipper. 
 
 Mean time D'Elbec landed the merchandize, which 
 was carried from the ftiore to Offra by ncgros. 
 Tbefe had twenty bujis for the journey : a fmall rate 
 for porterage, but proportioned to their burdens, 
 v.liich never excccdetl two bars of iron, or a weight 
 equivalent, which they call Tongc. The bar of iron 
 here, is nine foot long, two inches broad, and one 
 fourth thick. From Offra to Affem they tranfported 
 the king's prefents, and the goods dcfigned to trade 
 with the grandees. 
 
 The Sieur pu Bourg h.id his firft audience of the 
 king, en thczytli ot January, iii which he appeared 
 under the charsdlcr of ambafl';idor, from Louis the 
 14th and in that quality was introduced by the 
 frince, thepricft, and two great captains of trade and 
 horli.'. File king made him fit down on a bed of 
 cotton, placed near his armed chair. Du Bourg paid 
 liis compliments in Portuguefe, which, though the 
 king iiiiderliood and fpokc perfedHy well, yet he had 
 his addrtfs explained by his two interpreters, Matteo 
 and Francifco, who kneeled at his feet. The office 
 of interpreter here is very confider.ible, but the leaft 
 miltakc or falfihcation is as much as his life is 
 worth. 
 
 The king having given an obliging itiifwer to the 
 Sieur Du Bourg's compliments, the latter prefentcd 
 tiis mrijcfty the coach and other prefents fent him by 
 ihe company, after which, he intreated his pcrmil- 
 iion to build a lodge or facflory at Offra ; engaging 
 that four fliips fhould be fent regularly every year to 
 trade in his dominions. The king replied. With 
 refpedt to trade, the Dutch fent more fhips annually 
 than he could load, that the laft yenr fome had been 
 farced to go away without their cargoes, that there 
 were then a.5tually fix on the cOaff, and four at 
 Mina, tliat only waited advice from Uicir fa<5lory to 
 
 come i fo that he neither w.intrd flilpn nor merchan- 
 difc ; that the Dutch had made him very coiitideiable 
 offers to contrait an alliance with him^ in order to 
 have an exclufive right to trade in his d(. minions j and 
 that he had the greatelt reafon to comply with thim, 
 as the Knglilh feemed to ncgleit his ec.nimerce, and 
 the French, who h.ul formerly traded with him, and 
 kept their words no better, whitii was a fault he 
 could nor acculethe Dutch with. His niajctly added, 
 notvvithlfanding all this, the great things he had heard 
 of the king of France, and of the caic one of hi« 
 miniffers (hewed to extend commerce, raifed in him a 
 fondnefs to merit the efteem of fo great a prince, by 
 treating his fubjefts well ; for which end he had given 
 orders to his great captain for trade, to build a factory 
 at OtFra, to protcdl their commerce, and give them 
 all the encQiiiagement in his power. Alter this, the 
 boxes of the richett goods were brought, of which the 
 king had his choice, and the Sieur Du Hourg left the 
 price to his m.njcfty. This compliment produced a 
 good cftecft, and gave him an high elUcin for the 
 French. Du Bourg' falling fick here, left the di- 
 retition of the trade to Carlof, who immediately raifed 
 the price of flaves to eighteen bars a head, which 
 before never exceeded twelve. This was a piece of 
 policy defigned to ruin the Dutch trade, whochofe 
 rather to keep their goods in their hands, than not get 
 as much by them as they had done before. 
 
 The Sieur Carlof fent prefents to the queen-mother 
 and the queen, after which, he traded for about 300 
 (laves, which he bought from the prince, the priclf, 
 and the great captains. Thefe (laves he fent on board 
 his fhi])s. 'File deputy captain of trade alfo con- 
 duced fcventy-fivc, which the king paid for the goods 
 he had taken. 
 
 Proclamation was made through the country, on 
 the 8th of February, of the liberty of trade for flave* 
 granted by the king to the company. As this trade 
 was ffttlcd at OfJra, the king's receivers fixed the 
 duty there, the fame as at Affem, flaves bought from 
 the king pid no duty. 
 
 By the I (I of March, the Juftice having her cargo 
 compleated, was ready to fail, but waited for her 
 confort. — In order to forward matters, the Sieur 
 15'Elbce took a fecond journey to court, attended by 
 the Sieur Carlof, with his domeftics. 'I'liey arrived 
 before day at Adem. Duiingthc time of the Sieur 
 D'Elbee's (Kay, he vifited the town and the adjacent 
 parts, attended by two of the king's olTicers. On 
 his arrival, he was carried to the French apartment 
 in the palace, where the king immediately fent him all 
 forts of rcfrefhments : as meat, boiled and roaft, bread 
 of ditfcrent kinds, as well as liquors. The prince, 
 the grand priett, and other grandees did the fame, fo 
 that he had provifions enough for 200 p;(>ple. A* 
 foon as it was day, he was vifitcd by all the 'jranJees ; 
 but the prince fent to excufe himfelf from feeing him, 
 on account of the death of one of his children. He 
 was confined and faw nobody, which with them is 
 a mark of extreme grief. 
 
 The kingwas inoneof hisgardcns, featcd inad.qmafk 
 arm-chair beneath a gallery, when D'Elbce was ad- 
 mitted to an audience. This prince called Tozifon, 
 appeared to be about feventy, tail and big in propor- 
 tion j his eyes large and lively, and in his counte- 
 nance there was an appearance of penetration and 
 judgment. He was dreffcd in two pagnes like under 
 petticoats, in the Perfian mode, one over the other ; 
 the undermo(t was taffyte, the other of a pricked 
 fatin J a broad taffyte fcarf ferved him for a belt or 
 girdle j the reft of his body was naked. He wore on 
 his head a fort of night-cap of fine linen edged with 
 lace, and over it a crown of wood, black and fiiining 
 like ebony, of a fragrant fmell. In his hand he held 
 a fmall whip, the handle of which was of bl.ack wood, 
 and loaded with ornaments, the cord or whip being 
 of filk or pete. 
 
 After the ufual compliments the Sieur D'Elbec in- 
 treated the king would allow the French to build a 
 faftory in thsir own way, the one bcin^ built tou 
 
 little 
 
J670.J 
 
 COASTS AND ISLANDS OF AFRICA; 
 
 little, and otherwife incnmmodiouj ; ajid that he 
 would give his orders for tiie Cafety of the diicdtors 
 and hiXon at Oft"r;i. The king raplied, He tooli 
 thole officers under his protedtion, and would take 
 particular care they (hould bi fife, and have no caiUl 
 of complaint ; that he would ilTuc hiH immediate 
 orders ; that the debts due by his luhjecis t» the 
 company (himld be difcharged in twciity-tour hours j 
 with regard to the factory at Ort'ra, he would give 
 direftion to the prince am; the two great captains to 
 go in perfon there and augment the buildings j hut 
 that he could not allow them to build a factory in 
 tlicir manner, " You will (fays the king) make a 
 houfe, in which you will at firll put two little pieces 
 of cannon i the next yar you will mount four; 
 and in a little time your faClory will be changed into 
 a fort, that will make you niaiti r« of my dominions, 
 and enable you to give laws to me." He ;iccompa- 
 nied thefe argunicnis with fo nuny apt ami winy 
 fimiles, and luch an air of good humour and plea- 
 fantry, that Sieur tl'tibcc could not be difpicaled at 
 fo obliging and polite a r' fufal. The kint; added, 
 that he wondered th'.- k.ngdom of France bi int^ fo 
 large anil full of able woiknin, the comp.inv ihoiiKI 
 load their \«i;flll with cummon mcrcliandii'e, like 
 thofe brought I r tl ■: KngI ih ;u.d Dutch. U'Elb.e 
 anfwered. That tins mil vo-irre len:; orlv to try the 
 trade, the Company had judj; d it proper lo fend only 
 fuch forts of goods ai the ling i^fji and Dutch did ; but 
 that for the future they would liipply his ma'i lly 
 with whatever was rare a.id curious; delirinj; he 
 would be fci i^ood as to name fuch things as would 
 be agreeable to him. The kin;» named a French 
 filver-hilted fword and cutlal's, large looking-glaflef 
 the finoft linen, and laced (hoes and flippers of velvet 
 and fcarlet cloth, fcentcd gloves, filk Uockings, and 
 fome other things, which the commodore promifcd 
 to bring or fend him by the firft vrfTels that fliould 
 ■fail after his return to France. After this conver- 
 fation, the Sicur D'Elbec made his majefty a 
 prefent of a fowling-piece, and a pair of pinnis 
 mounted with filver. The king received this prelent 
 very agreeably. Inviting him to go and fee the prince 
 his cidcft fon, faying, that on his account the prince 
 would receive his vifit, though at fuch a time of 
 mourning. After this, he took the Sicur D'Elbce by 
 the hand, and difmifled him with fuch marks of his 
 favour as he had never fliewn to any European be- 
 fore. 
 
 The king is fo reverenced by his fubjeifls, that 
 except his fon and the chief priefts, nobody muft 
 appear before him, but with his face prottratc to the 
 ground, -not ever daring to look up : only when 
 obliged to anfwcr, thcv raife their heads a little, but 
 lay them down again as loon as they havedone fpcaking, 
 as was done by the two great captains of trade and 
 horfeat.this audience, (inly the prince and thechief 
 pried are exempted from thi-i fuhmlflion. Thcfe 
 fpeak to the king Handing, and have the privilege 
 of entering the palace at all hours, day or night, 
 without being lent for. 
 
 The Sieur d'Elbee having, by the king's favour, 
 been taken to the palace and gardens, vintcd all the 
 apartments except that of the women, where no- 
 body is permitted to enter. He received the Sicur 
 d'Elbee with a great deal of politcnefs ; and on his 
 account difpenfed with the ceremony, which admits 
 i\o pcrlbn of diftindlion to fee company during the 
 time of mourning. The hall where he gave au- 
 dience was large, and covered with a Turkey carpet. 
 The prince was feated on a mat. He caufcd others 
 to be brought for the Sicur d'Elbee and his two 
 officers. After an hour's converfation, in which he 
 allured the French nation of his proteiSion and 
 fricndlhip. He called for liquors, and drank mouth 
 to mouth with the Sicur d'Elbee, caufing fome to 
 uc prefented to the others ; after which he rofe up. 
 The Sieur d'Elbee took his leave and returned to the 
 town the fame way he came, alighting at the houfe 
 of the chief prielt, who had invited him to fupper, 
 
 44 J 
 
 and they had an entertainment which was heigliten- 
 >d by mulii , wnieli be;^an about the middle of the 
 repall. Vom^, like tliol.- of liltle ch 'drenj wue 
 heard, as coming liom a i;i'i.at ilillance, a '■ompanied 
 with the tinkling ot little bells. The FreiKJi c, ninian- 
 der obf TN nl wiih^^reat alien i ion. Tlie j're.it prieli, v. Iio 
 (poke I'oriugu' le |)'Hicll) well, iill.ed hiin what he 
 thought of tliele voices I He repli' J, They arc litllo 
 children, who line; well an! keep good time to their 
 inltruments. " I hey are my wives," lays the priell, 
 " who give you this little diverlion : it is nut the 
 cullom here to fhew our wives to aiiv : but to con- 
 vince you of tlieellecm 1 have for (he French, 1 will 
 give you that fatisl'adtion if you pliale." D'Klbec 
 returned liiin thanks ; and ulien lupper was over, llio 
 pricil ronduiited iiim up to a high gallery, which 
 h.id a window h/oking into the hall where they 
 fuppcd. Thife women were there, to the number of 
 between fivenly and eighty. Tiny had only petti- 
 coats or ficcpics, of tatt'ytc, which covered ihem from 
 the waill downwards, leaving the upper part naked, 
 borne ol them had tally te girdles. 'I'liey (at on man 
 at the end .■'.nd fules of the gallery, jirettv dole to 
 each other, and one by one. The aiiival of thi; 
 poiitift" and llran; ers feemed to give them neither 
 emotion nor curielity. 'i'hey continued their fing- 
 ing and mulic, llriicing with little rods on their bells 
 of iron and metal, which were cylindrical and of 
 diftercnt fizes. . 
 
 Fhcre wa-. a figure about the bignefs of a child of 
 four years old, and all white, at the corner of this 
 gallery. D'Elbee afking what ini.ige i: was, the 
 prielt told him it was the devil's : " iJut the devil is 
 not white, fays d'Elbee." In making him black, an- 
 Iwered the priell, you commit a millake; lor I 
 can allure vou he is very white, having feen him and 
 fpoken with him fevcral times. Jt is lix montiis 
 fince he informed me of the delign you had formed in 
 France to open trade there. You are obliged to him, 
 added he ; lincc, purfuant to tins advice, \vc havi; 
 negleftcd the other Europeans, that vou might 
 fooncr have your cargo of Haves." D'Elbee believed 
 what he thought proper, but would not difpute the 
 point with the priell. 
 
 'I'his great priell vvas about forty ; tall, well made, 
 and of an agreeable afpeiit. He wore the fame drefs 
 with the king's principal ofKcets ; ll.at is two largo 
 pagnes of lllk (luff in brocades, one over the other; 
 a large fcarf like a belt : cotton drawers, pretty long 
 fandals, or a kind of pumps of red Spanilh leather; 
 a cap or European hat, a large hanger with a gilt 
 handle faflened at his girdle, and a cane in his hand. 
 This he quits when he enters the king's apartments, 
 whofe prime minillcr he is, not only as to what re- 
 gards religion, but in affairs of ftatc. He is the only 
 officer who has a right to enter the king's apartment 
 bv dav, and to fpeak to him face to face without pto- 
 llration. He Ihewcd the Sieur d'Elbeeall thecivilitics 
 imaginable, waiting on him to the gate of the palace, 
 which he would not re-enter till he hud feen him in his 
 hammock. The fame night, he was carried back to 
 Offra, with the fame efcorte which had attended him 
 to Affcm. 
 
 The dominions of Ardrah are not confidcrable to- 
 wards the fea, fince the kingdoms of Whidah and Pape 
 have been difmembered from it. Their extent along 
 the coaft is not above twenty-five leagues, but they 
 run a great way in-land, as their bounds ealt and 
 weft are the rivers Volta and Benin, which are ico 
 leagues afunder. Its extent to the north and north- 
 eaft is yet greater : however, they fay it can raife but 
 40 or 50,000 men, which isafmall number to 200,000, 
 which the king of Whidah can affemble : but it muft 
 be confidcrcd, that the troops of the king of Ardrah are 
 not militia, like thofe of Whidah, but regular troops, 
 conllantly kept up, who only wanted Arc-arms ami 
 good officers to be able to recover the revolted pro- 
 vinces, and other countries the king of Ardrah has 
 a title to. 
 
 '. . ., .i ■: • > . ' 
 
 the 
 
44* 
 
 V O Y A {; E S TO 
 
 H F 
 
 ri67P. 
 
 ¥ ^ 
 
 Tlif I'fi','!'" fsn ni iilicr read nor write. They iiCc 
 /ii ill tiirJ- ticil chi knots of which, have thrir fi;;- 
 
 II hiiitii'ii. 'I'hfic af alio uHd by Ccvcriil (uvajif 
 iMtiiiiii ill Anuiiia. I lif (;randi'es however, wlioail 
 iiiiiK'idaiiil the l'i)rtii",iRle lai>;!;iiaye, hoih iiad and 
 «°!<i(. it wi.ll : hue thi) have nu cliaritcters of thiir 
 I"' II. 
 
 All nun of 1. ink hcjv wear two petticoat!! of tafteta, 
 *ii inlicr hik. 'i"hi. ;, h.ivc aW'o lilk Ic.irvis in the form 
 
 III J (h(iuijLi-bclt. I hey iilnally go haie-headcd and 
 tooted, ihiMijih tlicy ue;ii i-aps or hat-., and fandals or 
 Imi'J.iiimiI le..;hcr, ixiept in the kini;'s palace. The 
 ccinnioii piojile are tn.ered frcm the waill to the 
 *r.a-, \Mtli a piece ol Icr^ii', which niakr» two fold- 
 in;;-, and the end. i rois over the navel. The !n- 
 biiiiicrs uii.l piioier liirt ha\e mly n bit of cotton 
 cli>:h or n:.it, wliicli cover then nudities, and the rcll 
 ■:> .ill naked. 
 
 The wonii n of rank !i,ive priiiooat< and fcarfs like 
 •'•. ■ 11 iM, but ,is 111 y iVldoni Itir abroad, they have 
 •^vmially noil, hl', on tlieir head or feet. The poor 
 
 uoincn wear Ih.nt pjtjnts. They have a itran^e 
 
 1.1 ll'Mli hvie. li a niarrud woih.mi prnrtitutes lierfcif 
 t(i .1 il.ive, and ihe iii.iller id ihc Have is a greater 
 iii.in ;haM tlv- tnj|ti.r of the woman, the woman 
 Iv.ci'inr^ lii> U.uc ; but, it on the contraiv the woman's 
 I'lilbar.il be of greater dignity, the aduliercr becomes 
 liii ll ive. 
 
 All the officri ofthe Islng's houfhild take the title 
 111 c.iptain, joiivd to the n.ime of his office. 'I'hus 
 the malKr i>f the huu'liuld is c.iilcd Captain of the 
 Tabic; the piirveyoi, Cptain ol the victuals i the 
 cup-bearer, Capf.iin of the Wine, &c. No perlon 
 fee« the kin;; eat ; and wli/n he drinks, an officer 
 lo'krs a li^nal with two iron rods, that all thole 
 )>ref,i)t may prollratc tluinCelveson the yioiind. It is 
 tU'nth even to lee hin drink, thou;j;h ULulvertcntly. 
 The officir wlio p.riLiits the cup tuiiis hi> back, and 
 gives it in tli.it pnlture. Thcv lay tbi-. is done to 
 jircvcMt any charms or forcory at t)u!i lime. A young 
 child, a great f.ivnurite of the king's, having fallen 
 alleep by him, and awaking at the nolle of the rods, 
 had the mislorlune to look at the king while he was 
 drinking j the pried ordered the inf.int to be killed on 
 the I pot, and fiiine drops of his hloml fprinklcd on 
 the king's cloaths and body, to prevent any ill 
 coiilcf|iii-nccs. 
 
 The king is alwnys ferveil on the knee; and the 
 fame rrfpeiit is paid the difhes, (.iihrr carritsi to or 
 from his table, thiifo who ifanJ in the oHiccrs way 
 b;:ng obliged to prollrate tlicmli-lves as they pal'-. Jt 
 is luch a crime even to look at the king's viifuals, 
 t.'iat the offender is punilhcd with death, and his fa- 
 in Iv made llavcs. Though the king has agrcat num- 
 ber of wivp', vet but one has the title of <^ieen, who 
 i> (he that beats him the firll Ion. Her authority over 
 t le reft, whom (he treats rather as In-r fcrvants than 
 companion*, is fo gre.ir, that (he ioinctimes fells them 
 a'- llavcs, without conlulting the king, who is forced 
 t ) pafs by the in.itter. An affair of this kind hap- 
 p.iied while the bicur d' EUiee traded here. The 
 queen having been reluled fonie goods or jewels (he 
 h :i! an inclin.ition hir, ordered them up privately, 
 and in exchange lint cii/htof his wives to the factory, 
 who wire ininiediatcly damped with the company's 
 mark, and lent on board, 'i'hefe poor princeffes had 
 fink under fo leviie a llroke, if the .Sieur d' Elbce 
 had not (Inwii them lome diftinction, by treating them 
 in a kind manner, fo he carried them in good health 
 to Martinico. 
 
 As to their religion, it is a confufed heap of fupef- 
 flitioii, hrrdlv worth that name. Their notion of a 
 •Supreme Ueing, arc extremely confufed anil obfcure : 
 they have no temple, nor any form of worfhip : they 
 offer neither prayers nor facrificcs. They are only 
 conceriKU about what relates to this life, having no 
 idea of a future ffatr. 
 
 'J'hc king's I'etiihe?, as well as thofe of the ftate, 
 arc certain Targe, black birds, like crows in Europe. 
 The palace-gaidens a.e full of thcfe, who arc will 
 
 fed, but liy no mean* (v riMpefled as the ferpents nic 
 at VV'hidah. Th' y only imagine, thm if one ol them 
 Ihould be klleU, I'onie I'leat iliislortune woii!d h.ip- 
 pen to the Hale. I'luatc perlons have 'Iieir parf- 
 cular I'etifhf, fume a inouniain, others ■ tree i loiiie 
 a llonc, a piece ot wood, or fuch like inanimate bo- 
 dies. 
 
 There is but one ceremony in nil the ftate, the 
 delign and reafoiis of which are not well known. 
 The great pi lefts has a houfc in each town, where 
 he fends the \\ivesof free people by turns, to learn 
 certain cxrreiles, which might lie luppoled of a rcli- 
 
 ^lous kind, if there was any religion in the country. 
 lere they Hay five or hx months, and arc inilru^ied by 
 old women, who teach them a fort of dance and 
 fong 1 they make them enter by companies, day and 
 night, into a hall deftined fur this purpcle, and alter 
 fixing on their arms and feet ilight irons and pieces 
 of copper to make a nolle, they obligr them to dance 
 and ting with all their force. The dance cohnita in 
 ftamping with iheir feet, and a violent agitation of 
 their body, whiih is very fatiguing and difficult to 
 fupport. I'his they accompany with hnging, inter- 
 mixed with cries, which found like liowlings in time 
 and mealiire. They purlue this extravagant cxercilr, 
 till they drop down with faintnefs, when their old 
 niiitrcires fubftitute in their place, a new band of 
 Icholars, who continue the diverlion, to the gieat 
 dilluiliaiite of thofe who live near fuch roaring leitii- 
 naries. 'i'he .Siiur d'Elbvc had this misfortune, and 
 could get no rell night nor day, till he removed. He 
 fiiunti at Allem, I'oiiie Chriftian negros, who came to 
 bigChaplets of him, and feemed deflrous of hearing 
 mats, but he had not brought his chaplain with him. 
 It is probable tliele negros had liecn baptifed by the 
 I'oriuguclu duriiii; their fcttlcment in Ardrab, for 
 there were none of that nation- here then. 
 
 The trade of Adrah is chiefly li\ provifions and 
 (laves, the king has hi.s choice of all goods either for 
 payment of his duties or for the (laves he (ells. As 
 to his people, there is a regulated taift' for trade, the 
 price of goodt and flaves being fettled, fo that ditlcr- 
 i nces feldom aril'e, and when ihcy do, the king prc- 
 fently aiHufts them. 
 
 The Jufticc having completed her ci.rgo, the Sieur 
 d'F.lbce failed, leaving the Concorde behind. Sic 
 wanted her tull complement, and fet fail March 
 ijth, for S. Thomas, to get more ptovilions for fo 
 long a voyage as that to .\)artinico. 
 
 After the Sieur d'Klbct's departure, the Dutch 
 growing envious of the French tr.adc, and two vcllicU 
 of the nation arriving, the new-comers attempted to 
 take down the French (lag at Praya, which occafioned 
 a tumult : and the king being informed of the matter, 
 forbade anv flag Co be let up by the people of cither 
 country, at the fame time lie engaged to fend one 
 Matteo Lopez, his interpreter, in quality of anani- 
 baffador to the king of I' ranee, and he accordingly 
 fulfilled his promile. 
 
 The caraval fet fail afterwards with near 6oo (laves, 
 having on board the ambaflador and a prcfcnt for the 
 king, and arrived at Martinico on the i3lhofSeji- 
 tember, they were well received by M. Bao-, govci- 
 nor of the illand, and by the Sieur I'elitieur, dlre.ltor 
 general of the company. As winter approached, 
 cloaths were made for Aiattco Lopez and his family 
 after the French (afhion, an<l they v^ere fiirnifhcd 
 with all the neceflaries for the voyage. Thus pro- 
 vided, they embarked on the 27th ot September, ib70, 
 on board a (hip of one of the company's (hips, but 
 being delayed by contrary winds, did not reach 
 Fraiice till the 3d of December, when they anchored 
 in the road of Dieppe, after a paft'age of fixty-four 
 days from Marlinico.— — 
 
 As foon as all things were got in readinef-', the 
 ambafTndor went to court, whither he was in\ited by 
 the king, who received him in ftate. Hting intro- 
 duced to the royal piel'rnce, he began his compliment 
 by raifing his head a little, and fpeaking in Portuguefe, 
 told Louit XIV. thiir ihc king uf Atdrah, his mafter, 
 7 having 
 
t(>p-] 
 
 coAstsANb Islands of AffticA. 
 
 441 
 
 ;cl 
 
 b 
 J 
 
 having learned the womlerj rcporled of his majefty, 
 be lent to allure him huw much he ilcriirj (o gam lli^ 
 favour, bv ofTcriiiK himl'tlr ind his kin^jilum M his 
 fervice. Louis made Uini rife, and obferving the am- 
 bafTador, who was in confufion, held a paper in his 
 hand, alliid what it was i The Sicur d' Elbee, who 
 officuted ai intcrpreteri replied, 'rhut the ambailador, 
 fearing that the awe of hit majefty's ptefence might 
 diforder the fjieech he defigned, hail wrote it the diy 
 before, and bid him tranflate it into Krcnch, that it 
 night be read if he thought proper. The king con- 
 fented, commanding d' Jtlbet to read it a-loud. It 
 Wans follows: 
 " Sire, 
 •« THE king of Ardrah and Alghemi, my fove- 
 teisn, has nominated me his ambalTadortoyour ma- 
 ym, to oftcr you all that his kingdoms can afford, 
 and hisprotcAion for all the ftiips you (hall pirafe to 
 lend thence, alluring you, that his dominions, ports, 
 and trade, are entirely at your devotion, and open to 
 all your fubjeAs. 
 
 •' To convince your majefty farther of his fin- 
 cere defire of maintaining the friendfliiphe intrcats of 
 your majefty, he has charged me to declare, that, for 
 the future, the gentlemen of the company fettled at 
 OfFra, (hall pay no more than 34 flavcs cudom, in- 
 itead of 80 they pav at prefent, which is lefs than the 
 Portuguefe formerly paid, or than the Spaniards, 
 Danes, Swedes, and Englifh pay, on account of 
 the Dutch, who have long traded with them ; but he 
 has ordered me to afl'iire your majefty of his protecting 
 your fubje<Sts againft the Dutch, and to keep his word 
 cxaAly on that head. He alfo engages, the French 
 (hips in this port, fliall, on all occalions, be pre- 
 ferred to the Dutch, and loaded before the latter be- 
 gin. 
 
 " He has alfo direAed me to inform your ma- 
 jefty when on occafion of adifpute between your fub- 
 jedls at Ardrah and the Dutch, in relation to the flag, 
 the king judging the diftinflion due to fo great a 
 prince, pKiced the fa£lor, your fubjeit, on the right 
 hand, and lodged him in his palace, the Dutch fac- 
 tor having only the left hand, and being lodged with 
 the. prince his ion. On this account he diTires to 
 know from your majefty the honours you would have 
 paid to your flag, that he may order them to be paid it 
 throughout all his dominions. 
 
 •• Amongft other things, the king intrcats of your 
 majefty, that ynu will fend twt> relgioui men to in- 
 ftruft fome of hisfubjedls, who have a little know- 
 ledge of Chriftianity, which they eagerly defire to 
 cultivate. He alio has commanded me to prefent your 
 majefty my twofons here before you, and befeech you 
 to accept them favourably, which I (hall efteem as 
 the greateft happinefs can befal me, by the advan- 
 tages they muft receive in ferving fo great a prince : 
 likewifc tojoin with them two hangers, two aflaguays, 
 a veftand carpet. He earneftly intreats your m.ijefty 
 to accept of thefe, and to believr, that if his coun- 
 try produced any thing more CLi'ous, or that he 
 thought could be more agreeable to your majefty, he 
 would fend it with great pleafure, as he defires no- 
 thing more than to perfuade your majefty, that his 
 determinations are yours, as entirely as your own." 
 
 This fpeech the king heard attentively, and was 
 pleafcd in anfwer, to tell the ambaflador, That he 
 was much obliged to the king of Ardrah, his mafter, 
 for his compliments, as well as for fending him for his 
 ;imhaflaJor, whofc pcrfon was very agreeable to him ; 
 that he accepted the offer he made him of his two fons, 
 who fliould ftay with him while he refided at Paris, 
 after which he would take care of them himfelf ; and 
 that as to what related to trade, his majefty referred 
 him to the company. And thus ended the royal 
 audience. 
 
 The next day the Sieur de Berliefe came at two 
 o'clock in the afternoon, and introduced him to the 
 queen, who received him in ftate. He and his four 
 ions proftrated themfelves before her majefty, were 
 eracioufly entertained j and, as is cuftoroary on fuch 
 Vol. 1. No. 38. 
 
 occafions, were attended to and from their eoachci by 
 a ciowd of pLopIc, 
 
 In the next place the iimbalTaJor Was coniluiHed li> 
 the old Luuvre, to the a|i;ittmciU of the D.iuphin, 
 where he was received by (he Juke of Montaiicin, 
 who introduced him 10 tin- priiuc. Hcoblirvcil thq 
 lame ceremonies a he had doiiu lotlie kitig and queen. 
 He made the prince a compliment, in which hctoull 
 notice of the happinel's uf the duke of Montaucier, 
 in beingch()li:n to educate the firll prince in the world> 
 He tolj the Dauphin, that the great piincc uf Ar- 
 drah had charged him toalTure him ol liis rcl'iieO, a-id 
 to defire his favour and friendfhip, which lie wuulJ 
 du all he could to merit. After this he prel'eiUed the 
 Dauphin ibmc arms, fent him by the prince. The 
 Dauphin having anfwcred thefu complinieiUs in a 
 graceful manner, the ambafTador retiicd, nnd "as 
 reconducted as the day bcforci He next vilited the 
 king's minifters, and the chief lurd^ of the loiirt ; 
 he alfoin teturn received a great numbcrof vifits, aiio 
 all the civilities that could be paid. The kin^^'s co- 
 medians entertained him with their pcrfmnianecs, 
 which much delighted him. He often HlTilU'd in di- 
 vine fcrvice, in the principal church'">, and ihewcd 
 a very edifying attention. 
 
 He had alio an audience of M. do Lionnei iVcrctary 
 of ftate for foreign affairs, and tnid him in I'urtu- 
 guefe, that as he had come from the king his mailer 
 to offer the king of France his fen ices and dominions, 
 he thought it his duty to beg th.it he would contri- 
 bute his bell offices to promote the good corrcfpoiidcnctf 
 between the two princen, which commerce he was 
 about to eftablifh, and he hoped this the rather, as he 
 was alTured of his particular merit, and the zeal lie 
 had for the honour of the king his Ibvereign. M. dd 
 Lionne replied in Spanilh, that he would ul'e hi« inte- 
 reft and care in any thing that related to the iiiterelt 
 and ferviceof the king of Ardrah, andwifhcd to remain 
 in the good harmony he mentioned. After this he 
 afked him, what ports there were in his mailer's domi- 
 nions, if his kingdom was large, and if he hail often 
 wars with his neighbours ? The HmbalTador replied, 
 That the ftates of the king his mafter were of no great 
 extent along the coaft, but ran <b far in l:ind, thati 
 they were a fortnight's journey to pafs j that neither 
 on the coaft of Ardrah, nor in all Guinea, were any 
 ports or harbours, but only roads where (hips might 
 find good anchorage i and as tempcftswere rare on the 
 coaft, (hips fuffered no great inconvenience from that 
 defcCl i except the violent furf the fea made on the 
 (hore i that the king his mafter had powerful neigh- 
 bours, with whom he was often at war, and on thefe 
 occafions marched an numerous army, compofed of 
 horfe and foot, well armed, and very well difcip' 
 lined. 
 
 The ambafTador, taking leave ef Mi dc Lionne, 
 whorecondufled him to his coach, was carried to the 
 hotel of the company, where, alighting, he was re- 
 ceived by the directors in n body, and condudted to 
 the hall, where they affembled. Being defirous to hear 
 what they had to propofe in relation to trade, and an.' 
 fwer their demands as far as their inftru£lioiis would 
 allow, one of the dire£lors, in the nameof the reft, 
 made the following propofals : 
 
 Firft, That the company's (hips, trading to Ar- 
 drah, (hould have the preference to all other na- 
 tions. 
 
 Secondly, That they (hould pay but 24 flaves for 
 duties inftead of 80, paid by the Dutch vefTels ; and 
 that this duty fliould be reduced for the French to the 
 old footing, as in the time of the Portuguefe. 
 
 Thirdly, That the king of Ardrah (hould oblige 
 thofe of his fubjeCts who were the company's debtors^ 
 to make fpeedy (atisfaClion. 
 
 Fourthly, That their faAors (Ifould not be obIi|e<l 
 to truft any lord or grandee, if they thought him flot 
 in condition to pay. 
 
 Fifthly, That leave (hould be granted to coyer theii' 
 magazines and faClory witk tiles inftead of ftraw^ 
 which expofe all tleir gotds (sfire. 
 
 5 Y Sixthly,- 
 
4*« 
 
 V () Y A F. S TO T If i; 
 
 ^•■•\ 
 
 ,1 '' 
 
 Sixthly, Th.it the king flionlj be pleaftd to take 
 tlic coniiMiiy, Ilk lutitort .ind rfTc^h under his imme- 
 di.ite prore^liim. 
 
 l)ii grHniiii;^ thrfc article*, the rnnipany enpngrd to 
 k'cj) it» warehnulc conlhiitl) ftnckiJ with good*, (o 
 tii.ll (here (hoiilil he alway* nienh.inilid- to the vilur 
 ot SO' (l.ivrs in rrd-rve, over ;uid above the common 
 call, whiili(l>ii;ilil(i-rve3!- (i:ciirity in the liing'j hanil*; 
 likewili: to l^nd thips ye:irlv, to lupply the trade, and 
 to ii.ide with ri'iuthcr prince. 
 
 The .inil'i.ifla.t.ir h;uinj; .Utentively heard thcfe 
 piiipol'iil-., rr-.nlily agiiTj that all fliouM be pr.inted 
 uithmit rcllriotinn, cxiepting the fiift and fifth, 
 \Viih regard to titr lirl^ he laid. That it' the company 
 VdiilJiieal f>r 11.1ns, ojily with the king hi* maftcr, 
 Ik cnulil alliiie thiin, they (lintitd always have the 
 p.'.'finnci', and tlirir lliip< be loaded before Ihofc of 
 liny othtr nation in the loid. A« to the 'tl'lh, he 
 proinifi.d to ulc hi* b.ll ofRccj with the kin;» to obtain 
 It : but not b.in;; turv of hi* mailer's intention*, 
 Iif roiiM njt;;iif hu word for the (net els. 
 
 All iIk- rclt of ttij anib.ill'ador's (lav at P,Tri«, was 
 employed n payim; or rcceiviiii; vMits, -.ind he was 
 cvtry whcri; ticatttl with all the kin. inc. f> he could 
 wifli, Itvoral pi'rl'on* of tju.ility made !iim pri lent*. 
 
 Ho had his audience ol leave with the fame ccre- 
 m. mil's as at fiift, and was by this time lo well accul- 
 tonu'd to the French maniiiMs, that he ap|)earcd 
 iv.iih' r ccnfKaiiK'd in hisai'lions nor dillourfe, vvhiili 
 really plead .1 the king, t]ucen ami dauphin. He li't 
 'aris about the midill'; of January, ifjyi, to go to 
 Hivie-di-Gr.ice, where tw" fliips waited for him. 
 By the king's ouk-r*, his ch.ir^c* were defrayed, and 
 all honours imaginable paiil hiinon the ro.nl. Whin 
 the kin^ of Trance's prcl'ents for his mailer, and for 
 himfcif were brou;^lit him, lie bihild tlii'm with 
 amarcnient, fo much was he furprifeil at their number, 
 value and biauty, he faid, " There is but one 
 monarch in the world. All things mufl yield to the 
 king of France i my mailer will never believe what I 
 
 i 
 
 tell him, lit will even do^lu whit li.« 0)i\\ fee." 
 
 From this cnibjlPyof Matteo Lop»£, ih«cimii>jn», 
 had it laded, might have gained gri»t advintagi «, but 
 it was fupprcU'ed in a few years .iftcr i and iIr- inaiult 
 and all jti conceflionii rr-united lu the crown. The 
 Senegn company, whicli fuccredi-d in the trade t« 
 (iiiinea, ncglei'tcd thi» fittlvmrnt, having it* p.uii- 
 cular rcafons for lixing at Whidah. Thiin tha 
 F'rrnch fulfilled the general irniark uf fettin^ nuc 
 well, hut li'ldom continniii|; in the fame courle. 
 
 It appears that ai to the prelents above menllnnc*), 
 tbiy were cominiti»d to the care of Cailof^ in<l 
 I, upiz arriving in llie road of A til rah on the iftof 
 Oclobcr, l()7l, pretemli J they i.ii^jit tu be put iii 
 his hands, that he might ilcliver ilieni. Thi*, Carlof 
 would not conlent to, fulpeiiting he would lonvcrt 
 (iomc part tohisownule, as it afterwards appeared Im 
 had intendcil. His tetufal lo iiiccnfcd the black am- 
 ball'ador, that he employed all his interell in the 
 country asiinlt the French, and much dilliaded their 
 artair*. This at length, oblipid Carlof to t.ike other 
 mcafiires, till he couu' ipeak with the king of Ardrali 
 who was then buly ap| cafin|; a civil war in his own 
 dominions, which llnjiped all the pallages for carry- 
 ing down llavcs to OftVa i fo that fcarccly JCO had 
 arrived there in fifteen months ; a thing fo lirejudicial 
 to the Dutch trade, that live of their ihips vrere 
 lent back empty lo Miiia. Carlof having before 
 driven fome trade nt Great Hopo, fettled there a 
 taillory <d' hisnition, by permilfion of the king, up- 
 on condition he would pay the value of tv/mtyeight 
 (laves for each /hip's i,ir[;oc the French afteiwards 
 took in there : whtrcns he had contradked lo pay too 
 at Uftra. Cioini; lioiu I'opo to Whidah, the king of 
 that country ^ave hiin a very favourable reception, 
 with .iliurancc iliat li.' vsoiild always protcitl th> 
 F'rencb nation .ind iiitcrcft. Un which, removing 
 the fa^ory fiom Ardrah, he fixed it at Whidah, 
 keeping the kin>; his mallei's prefcnts tu be (vat 
 back to FraiKe. And thus the RiaXtvr ended. 
 
 VOYAGE OF THE SIEUR BRUE, to BISSAO and BISSAGOS. 
 
 IT was in the yea', 1697, that the Sieur dc Brue, 
 a F.-ench adventurer, who failed from France on 
 ., voyage of tr.ide and dilcovcry to the wtftcrn parts of 
 Africa. He touched at fcveral places, which as we 
 have already defcribcd, we fliall not here trouble the 
 reader with all the particular incidents attendant on 
 his voyage to thofe parts. I.ct it fuffice to fay, that 
 he faikd'lruir. Tort St. Louis up the River Senega, 
 ,;iul cqming to the rcfidtncc of the prince of the 
 lounlrv, found that it ;iboundtd in gold, ivory, gum 
 .;iid other valuable commodities j the whole traffic 
 ti,r vshith, the Moors endeavoured to ingrofs. Here 
 U'-. loiiiid the people called Fulips, of v/hom he reports 
 many wonderful things, in wliich like many other 
 travellers he appears willing to magnil'y fails. He 
 alfoviiited the kingdom of Galam, which lies to the 
 call of i!...t of the Fulips, as alfo Bantam j and made 
 iii4iiiri<.s ton'.ctning the country of Tombuta, which 
 was I'uppoftd to abound in gold, but fecnis to have 
 met with little fuccefs in regard to this particular ; 
 and the French, aecovdlngto his .iccount, were quite 
 liicc fiful in liiC termination of their difputcs with 
 tlie tiighlh African company, which ended in favour 
 ofttii: Urmcr nation. 
 
 One of the mull remarkable occurrences in the 
 Sieur du Hrut's voyages, was an expedition to the 
 lilesof liilluo and tiillagos. The French had traded 
 10 lUe ruiiuct of tlieic jilacc* before the above fchcme 
 
 was projeflcd : neverthelcfs a flourifliing commcrcf, 
 which they bade fair to ellablifl) there, had fo far 
 decreafcd, that when our voyager arrived at Senega, 
 he could not find one fcrvant of the company that had 
 been at Biflao. 
 
 The firft defign that h.ad been formed, was that of 
 fettling at a place called the Ide of Bouiboni but, 
 found, on examination, that it was too fniall for their 
 purpofe. Therefore dropping their original defign, 
 they refolved to fettle a colony at Bulam. Soon after, 
 the Sieur Cartaing wasdifpatched to Biflao, where he 
 opened an advantageous trade with the native?, and. 
 w.as countenanced by the king himfelf. However, 
 the fickncfsof his people, and the cxaiflions of the 
 Portuguefc governor, forced this gentleman to 
 return in September, 1699. This iiiiladventuic oc- 
 cafioned the Sieur Bruc to refolve on going in pcrfon, 
 to a plac'j where he ini.agined much good might be doiii: 
 to the commerce of his nation. 
 
 Accordingly he let fail from Albrade, where he thea 
 was, on the 21ft ot February, 1701, in the compar.)'* 
 fliip the Princcfs attended by the F;icanor dc Rois, 
 as alfo the floops Mii;nion and Irondelle, the Syren 
 bomb kcttb,'the Si. George biigantinc, and the bark 
 Chriftina. About eleven o'clock, this fleet was near 
 the IfledcChicns (or Do^s) and in the morninjr of 
 the 22d, came near the I'oint Bayna. They failed in 
 the morning, vthh tlv tide ac ebb, and contimird 
 
 • , dleMT 
 
1701.] 
 
 COASTS AND ISLANDS OF AFRICA. 
 
 447 
 
 their courfe till the aRth, when the Eleanor midi' « 
 flgnal at day-break that Ihc I'atv a U\\, The cum- 
 mander immediittely rhacrd the llrangc Oitp, which 
 bore away foiith-liiiith-wcll, in onliT to gain the 
 channel between the iflei ut' Cafeciic and Carachc, 
 In the mean time, thcSieur l)c la ftup, trulting to a 
 Dutch pilnt, hid hi (hi|i run a-ground upon the 
 fands, but To f^ently that the Ihock wa« fc^ircely to 
 be perceived, ilie chace being on ground likewile, the 
 boat* were immediately manned in order to hoard her, 
 but Ihe ftruck without relillance. She proved to be 
 a Dane, commanded by Louii Rateman, who wa< a 
 n.iKveoC Diepiir, but had fettled at one of thi. Vir- 
 (;inia illes. Having fccured the price, all nuans 
 were taken to get the I'rincefi a-float, w.. 'i H. x- 
 ablr rnd wai accon* liflicd on i 'hoi '., .md 
 
 t' tcrw "lU ci ic t". in anchor under I'oint Ber- 
 
 nniel, in th( Idc of Hillao, about fix leagues to the 
 weftward of the Hortnguel'c fort. 
 
 'I'lio fame niijht they difciivcrcd light* at fc«, from 
 whence thry concluded that they were ((range vclTels 
 ujjon the coaft. The next morning, they f»w two 
 fliips at anchor to windward of the fleet. The com- 
 mander hoifted fail, refulving to examine them, and 
 fnon after perceived that they were Dutch. Upon 
 this, the Hrincefi Ihswing her colours, bore up with 
 the largeft, and Hred a gun to bring her to, but as (he 
 was prepared to (ight, poured above eighty (hot into 
 her, which had great eft'ci^. At the (..uie time, the 
 Kleanor gave chace to the other vtfl'cl, the crew of 
 which, at firfi made a vigorous refil(ance, but, in 
 the end, were obliged to run their veflcl on (horc, and 
 betook themfelves to their boat for fafety. The 
 ncgros breaking loofe took the opportunity of plun 
 dcrmg, and the French bunts did not arrive time 
 enough to prevent the ronfufion.— — Nor wns this 
 all ; thofeon the ifland obferving that the vcflel was 
 left dry, mads an attack on the French with their 
 arrows, but were repulfed with lofs, and (he was got 
 oft' the next tide. 
 
 They anchored with their prizes, on the 5th of 
 March at the Portugucfe fort of Riflho, and though by 
 the difplay of their colours, the Portuc;uefc governor 
 could not miftake them, yet a gun loaded with ball, 
 was fired :t them. This fo much inccnfcd the Sieur 
 De la Rue, that he would certainly have battered the 
 fort, had not the commander interpofed. 
 
 He lent the llqop Mignon, commanded by Mr. Le 
 Cerf, to anchor ill a creek, and refolved, if(he(hould 
 be fired upon, to make a defcent and attack the place. 
 Accordingly the floop anchored fo clofe to the fort, 
 that the governor Don Rodrigo deOlirercz deAlfonfo 
 hailed her, to know whence (he came, and ordered 
 the captain to come on (hoie. He landed accordingly, 
 and was condu£ied to this commander, who under- 
 flanding they were French, a(Ved if the Sieur 
 Cartaing was on board. The other replied. That 
 he would be there foon, but did not mention that he 
 was on board, which w.ts really the cafe. The 
 governor then faid. That if he (hould appear there, 
 he mu(t icturn quicker than he cumc, as no French 
 fettlcment would be permitted on the ifle, nor (hould 
 any of the natives land there. And the conference 
 being ended, he ordered the captain to go on board, and 
 weigh anchor immediately. 
 
 M. Le Cerf returning, related all that had palTed to 
 the Sieur Brue, who the next morning. Cent Car- 
 taing on (hore in a boat well manned, with orders to 
 compliment the governor in his name, and alfo to 
 complain of the circumftance of firing a gun at them 
 loaded with ball. He went accordingly, and found 
 the governor in a calmer humour than before, and 
 willing to make excufes for the nccident which, he faid, 
 had happened) but he (till infi(ted, that permiflion 
 could not be granted for the French to (tittle at Biflao, 
 as it was within the limits of Ihe Portugtiefe African 
 company, and he had the king of Portugal's exprefs 
 orders to fulFer no foreigners to fettle here. He fent 
 hin alfere, or enfign, to the Sieur Brue that evening, 
 withamelTage to the fame efteit, and with great 
 uH'ers of his I'crvices. 
 
 . hr Sieur Hrue anfwcred, that he tvns rurptidd 
 the gnverniir, who had tefidrd fo lon(^ in this cuun- 
 iry, (liiiuld forget that the Frenih h.ul aiwavs tri- 
 il'^'l to HifTiii, even bi fore the I'lU'ii'.^uefc h.iu .( foit 
 '\ re ; thJt In ought to make a dildiKlion between 
 ihr French Senega-company and intcilnpfni i fin.o 
 this company claimid, by a cliirler, a tight to 
 irade along the co.ilt liiiiu C ipe HI.iikd to Slurr.t 
 Leona, exclufivc of other natiotn, i'.> lie ini^lit lie h/ 
 the prizes the fleet h.id juK taken : ihit the go- 
 vernor's beft way, was tu live m gond iiitelligeiu'; 
 with the company, and eairy on liis tiade, without 
 mok-ning thciis, i^liieli cuulu nu wuy prejudice Iiimi 
 or his madcr. 
 
 As the commander fiirefnw, that the Portiiuueli- 
 governor would iifc all his iiifluenie »iih th> king ol 
 Biflao, to obftrudt the fettlcment, lu fcnt De la Km- 
 and Cartaing, the f<tme day, to defirc iin immediate 
 audience of tliat prince. The kin^ received thifcgtr- 
 tlemeii civilly, and uroiiiifed in a day or two to cunie 
 to HiiUs town, an' deliberate with liis grandees uiid 
 chief men about the fettlcment the general propnfet!. 
 On Ihe ninth of March, the king coming early in the 
 morning to his palace, o' houfc near the Ihore, ga\i' 
 notice of it to the Sieur Hrue, who immediately, 
 went in proceflion to wait on him, the inareli began 
 with two trumpets, and two hautboys. The Suta 
 dc Seganzac, captain, followed with his halt pike hi 
 his hand, at the head of 2; fuldicrs well ainv. .1, wiiti 
 two ferjeants and two drums. Next came the faJfoit 
 of the company, two and two, before the .Sieur Urue, 
 who walked between two captains of his iquadion ; 
 the other officers followed with fome urvants in li- 
 very | and a body of failors, with their cutlall'e.s 
 clofed the march. The commander was filutcd hy 
 all the cannon of the fleet on his going into the boat, 
 and this ilifcharge was repeated on his landing. In 
 this order he advanced to a largn tree between the 
 Portuguefc fort, and the convent of bt, Francis, 
 where he found the king fcated on a neat chair, drefl'ed 
 in a green mohair douMet, trimmed with filver frogs, 
 at the breafi and flecvcs. A fine cotton cloth ferveil 
 him for breeches. He had en his head a red cloth cap, 
 like a fugar loaf, with a double row of hemp-cord 
 round the bottom. This laft is the mark of the ab' 
 folule power which he has of making flaves. Four of 
 his wives fat at his fert, and all his grandees flood 
 round, but at fome dillance. Behind thcfe were threo 
 tall ncgros, who played on an inflrument, refembling 
 the German Flute, There were fome elbow chairs 
 placed cppofite to the kine. The Sieur Brue being 
 come near hand, the king arofc, and they faluicd each 
 other by feveral times (haking hands : the king repeat- 
 ing each time, with a fmiling air, you are welcome. 
 The king and generjl being feated, the former made 
 a fign to the French officers to fit near him, and thu 
 Sieur Brue began his compliment, which was ex- 
 plained by the company's chief interpreter, who was 
 kneeling between the king and Sieur Brue. 'I'he fub- 
 ftance was. That the great reputation of his majedy'a 
 juflice and equity, together with the fame of his vic- 
 toricsobtained over his enemies, having fprcid through 
 Europe as well as Africa, the company who had been 
 likcwife informed of his kindnefs to Grangers, and 
 care to make his people rich and Aouriihing by encou- 
 raging trade, and had from time immemorial traded 
 to his dominions, were defirous of eftablilhing a fac- 
 tory, and building the necelTary ftore-houfes and maga- 
 zines for that end, in hopes tha^ his majefly would 
 give bis confent, and grant them his protedtion. 
 
 The king anfvvered civilly,That he thanked him for 
 thit vlfir, and wi'hed to maintain a good corrcfpon- 
 dence with the French ; but that wilti regard to tha 
 fettlcment, th« commander requcfted, he could deter- 
 mine nothing till he had firft confulted his gods, and 
 in prefcnc* of the Portunuefe governor, whom he im- 
 mediately fent for, aten^od by his alfere, or cnlign, . 
 with fix iiegros fufilecrs. He called at the Church 
 to pay his devotions, and foon aftei joined the com, 
 pany at the tree. Tlie Sieur Sruc took the op,}urtu- 
 
 nity 
 
 1 1 
 
 r 
 
I 
 
 I 
 
 
 44» 
 
 VOYAGES TO THE 
 
 ('70* 
 
 niiy nf this fliort interval, to (hew the king the great 
 xdvanrnges of opening a trade, and particularly with 
 thecompany. '1 he kin); ami his grandees lecmed to liftcn 
 to this difcourl'e with plcal'ure i and when th« gover- 
 nor arrived, he (alutcd the Sii'ur Brue complailnntly, 
 and paid his reverence to the king ; who received him 
 fiimiliarly without rifing, but bade htm fit down. 
 After a moment's lilence, he laid to the governor, with 
 a fcverc tone, " Yuu told nic the French were comchi- 
 ihcr to build a ftorehoufe and a fort. Is this true, or is 
 ityourovvn invention i" He made anfwcr, 'I'hatitwas 
 not likely the French would build a factory, without 
 fortifying it in fuch a manner as to fecurc their ef- 
 fcds : that the king of Portugal, his mailer, would 
 never fuifur this; and that it was contrary to the 
 treaties made with bis majefty and his predeceilbrs. 
 TheSieurBrue replied to this. That what he requefted 
 was no new favour, but only a renewal of the ancient 
 alliance between the two nations : that the unjuil 
 prctenfions of the Portuguefc, had forced the Sieur 
 Cartaing to retire the preceding year; that the rom- 
 pnny had no intention to build a fort, or warehoufe 
 of (tone, but were fatisfietl to truH their efFe^s to the 
 king's proteiSiou ; and that it was the king alone, 
 who was mailer of his own ifle, and had the power to 
 do what he pleafed, without confulting other people. 
 I'his anfwt . feemeo to pleafe that prince, who told 
 the Portugucfe governor, with a liern air, iie wondered 
 how he could pretend to prefcribe laws to him in his 
 own dominions ; that he hoped to (hew that he was 
 mafter, and would becontrouledby none; and that if 
 any pffumed to difpute his commands, he knew what 
 to do With thefe words he took the Sieur Brue by 
 the hand, bidding him follow him. He advanced at 
 the fame time with his wives and chief men, preceded 
 by three fli :es, to the fea-fide. There he Uopped be- 
 neath a great tree, which the natives regard as a 
 kind of deity, as it holds the images of their gods. 
 The court made a large circle round it, while the 
 king and his wives approached nearer to it. A prieft 
 of thefe idols, drefled in a parti-coloitred jacket, like a 
 harlequin, and hun^ with little bells, prefented the 
 king the half of a large calabafh full of palm-wine. 
 The king holding it up with the palm of his right- 
 hand, his wives joined theirs to fuprort it. All the 
 grandees, who had room to touch it, did the fame ; 
 and fuch as had not, fupported the elbows of thole 
 who did. When the king addrefling himfelf to the 
 divinities that were placed in the nitche.' of the tree, 
 repeated M. Brue's requeft, and alked their advice 
 what he fliould anfwer, M. Lrue was in no great 
 pain about the oracle. He had tal.cn care to fe- 
 cond a favourable anfwcr hy the prefcnts li»:retly 
 given to the prieft, the king's u ives, and the chief 
 grandees. The king having fprinkled the tree with 
 part of the wine, ami poured out the reft at the foot of 
 it, comm.inded an or to be brought, which the prielt 
 facrificed, by cutting his throat ; and receiving the 
 blood in the fame calabafh, he again prefented it to 
 the king, who fprinkled it on the tree with the fame 
 ceremonies ; then having dipped one of his fingers 
 in it, he came near M. Brue, and touched his hand, 
 which, with thefe peoplr, is an oath of perpetual 
 alliance. 
 
 This ceremony being o*cr, tne king took the 
 commander by the hand, and rccondudled him to the 
 former place of audience^ where, being all feared 
 again, and the mufic ceafed as 'jcfore, a profound 
 lilence enfued for fomc minutes : After which, the 
 king addicfled t^e Sieur Brue thus : " You are.wel- 
 come : ynj h«ve liberty to fettle a hAoty and ware- 
 houfes where you pleafe. I make a perpetual alli- 
 ance with you and your nation : I take you under 
 Biy caie and protection ; and till your houfes are 
 built, I will lenu you mine." When the king had 
 done fpeaking, his wives, his grandees, and all the 
 fpedtators gave a loud fhout, which was anfwered 
 by a falute of the commander's fmall arms, and the 
 fannon of the fquadron. 
 
 The 6ieK: Brue rofe, and Laving thanked the king 
 
 for bis goodncfs and favour, eaufed the prcfents to b«, 
 Vaid belore him fcnt by the company. Thefe con-* 
 lifted of fine calicoes, liquors, coral, burning-glnUbs, 
 1 elefeopcs, and cryttals, leveral fine p;iir of pil- 
 tols, with a filver-hilted fword, in an embroidered 
 belt, which the king immediately put on. The king's 
 wives had alfu their feparate pieliint*, confifting of 
 trinkets, and all the people were treated wiili brandy, 
 which occafioncd new acclamations of joy. The king, 
 at parting, gave bis hand feveral times to the com- 
 mander, and lent his flutes, with fcvcnl of his grandees 
 and guards, to condud him to his iioat. '1 he Por- 
 tugucfe governor, who had withdrawn on hearing the 
 oracle, waited for him by the way, and made him a 
 cold compliment on the advantage he had gained, with 
 many oft'ers of hit lervice. I'he iiieur Brue anfwered. 
 That the beft way was for the French and Portugucfe 
 to live amicably together, till. the difference Ihould be 
 decided by their fuperiort in Europe, which the other 
 prom i fed to do. 
 
 At the governor's earneft intreaty, Sieur Brue dined 
 with him at the fort, where he was faluted with 13 
 guns. One of thefe being loaded with ball, and le- 
 velled too low, broke oft' the ftonet in the port-hole, 
 which wounded the king's fon in the thigh, and a 
 nobleman in the arm. I'hough this misfortune was 
 quite accidental, the negros afcrilied it to defign, and 
 conceived that the Portuguefe had done it out of fpite 
 for what happened. They made great out-cries, ran 
 to arms, and began to aUemble Irom all parts. M. 
 Brue fcnt the Sieur Cartaing immediately to acquaint 
 the king of the truth, and to beg he would give or- 
 ders to ftop the tumult. I'he king heard reafon, and 
 by his authority flopped the diforder. After dinner,the 
 Sieur Brue accompanied the governor to the convent 
 of the Cordeliers, where they were handfomely en- 
 tertained, and from thence returned on board. 
 
 I'his fort was but inconfiderable, being only a 
 large fquare, vailed with three fmall baftions, the 
 fourth, having never been begun) butneitber ditches, 
 covered way, nor palifaJoet. The curtains were fa 
 low, and in fo bad a condition, that it was cafy to 
 walk over them. It had 20 guns, mounted like field- 
 pieces, and 20 fufils, befides thofe of the garrifon, 
 which was, or ought to have confifted of Afteen 
 or hjred bh-iclrs. Only the governor and his lieu- 
 tenant were whites; the ferjeanc being an old black 
 Crcoiiar. ui St. Jago. 
 
 The jieur Brue fet all his men to work tite next 
 morning, hiring negros to cut the wood he wanted j 
 and inftcad of ftraw, covered the roofs of the ware- 
 houfe, and thedire^or's lodge, with tiles he brought 
 as ballaft to his Ihip:. He built the walls of a large 
 clofet with bricks, wi'icbhe over laid with clay, and 
 white-waihed it, to prevent the negros fulpicion of 
 any delign. He infpc^led >he work io diligently, that 
 in a month's time, the f*£lory was in a condition not 
 only to receive goods and offii.'ers, but alfo to defend 
 itlcif if attacked ; for he eaufed loop-holes to be made 
 all round the houfes, placing them lb as to defend each 
 other ; and, under the idea of providing water for 
 the labourcis, and remedying any accident by hrt, 
 he formed a ditch round the hAoiy, fix feet broad and 
 as many.decp, with a double thorncd hedge on the 
 oulfide, which prevented ail accefs. HetMk care to 
 ply the negro workmen Well with liquor, that they 
 might make no difcovcries ; all the loop-holes wera 
 cloDcd on the outfide with day, and white-walhed 
 like the reft. 
 
 Afterwards the commander vifitcd the emperor of 
 BilTaos at hit country-hoMli;, about a quarter of s. 
 league from the Portuguefc fort. This place con- 
 fifted of a number of cottages, lile a little village, in- 
 clofed with a ftraw fence, lo well wrought, that at a 
 diftance it feemcd a wall. At the gate wero about aq 
 or 30 (hldien, armed with fabrcs, hows and trrows i 
 within was a labyrinth of banana-trees, v irh r>sat 
 cottages interfpcrted here and there for thr. kinj^'it 
 wives and childrrn, his domeftict and Oaves. In the 
 centre was a C9urt or area, with an orange<tree in ih« 
 6 middle. 
 
t-oi.] 
 
 COASTS AND ISLANDS OF AFRICA, 
 
 44^ 
 
 middle, Co high» that its branches covcrtii all the court. 
 'J'he king was fet under tliis treCj with about a dozen 
 of his wives and children. He was in dilhabillc, hav- 
 ing only a pagne round his waift, with his high- 
 crowned hat, and his diadem, or wreath of hemprn- 
 cord. The princcllcs his daughters h.id their hair 
 clipped pretty dole, and cut out in flowers of dii'- 
 ferciit ftiapes. The king, after orderinj; wooden 
 chairs,^ like that he fat on, for the commander and 
 his officers, fpokc in good Portugucfe, uhich the 
 Sieur Hrue unilcrftood. He prefcntcd tlic company 
 with palm-wine, in which he drank the commander's 
 health. After this, pipes were brought, and the 
 convcii'ation lulled three hours. 
 
 Theifland of Billao is between 35 and 40 leagues in 
 circumference. The profpeift of it is agreeable 1 the 
 land rifini; iiucnfibly, from the fea to the centre of 
 the ifle. This may be difcovered from the tops of 
 the mountains, or rather hills, between which lie val- 
 lies ; where tlic water colieding, form rivulets and 
 final 1 river'*, which difcharge themfelves into the fea, 
 after fertili/.injr the country. The whole idand is 
 cultivated, and interfperfed with groves of palm- 
 trees, which afford an agreeable ftiade from the heat. 
 Here arc alio very large orange trees, and near the 
 cualls (everal other forts, efpecially man-groves. 'I"he 
 inhabit.ints in general, plant near their cottages ba- 
 nanas, guavn?, citrons, and other trees. The foil is 
 deep anil rich, producing rice in abundance, and 
 itiaife of both kinds, which grows very large. They 
 have alfo plenty of a fmall grain refcmbling maife, 
 which is very white, and cafily reduced to flour : this 
 they eat with melted butter or grcafe, and call it Fondc. 
 They make neither bread nor . iflcus of their maife, 
 as they do at the Senega, but eat it roafted. Some of 
 them indeed, lefs indolent, make a fort of bread of 
 it called IJatango, which is aflat cake, a finger thick, 
 baked on an earthen griddle, as they do tlie Cafl'ava 
 bread in America. T'his bread creates an appetite, 
 efpecially when eaten frcfti with butter. Rice comes 
 here topcrfeflion, and they drcfs it well either with 
 fowls or butter. The commodore ate fome drefled by 
 the king's wives and daughters that was exceedingly 
 agreeable. 
 
 The oxen and cows here are very large and fat, and 
 bear a good price ; but milk and palm-wine are plen- 
 tiful and cheap, as well as bananas, guavas, and 
 other fruits. - Banana trees arc in fuch plenty, that 
 
 one part of the irtand takes its name from them. 
 
 The Vortuguefe, who have planted manioc here, make 
 good flour of it, as they do in Brafil. The negros 
 are not fond of it, perhaps on account of the trouble 
 in preparing it, fome of them notwithflanding cul- 
 tivate it. 
 
 Their cows fcrve them inflead of horlcs, travelling 
 well, as they have a natural pace ' a cord palled 
 through a hole made through their noftrils, fervcs for 
 a bridle, and guides them with a great deal of 
 eafe. 
 
 *Thc inhabitants live in cottages difperfed all over 
 the ifland ; for, excepting a fort of village that the 
 Portugucfe have round their parifh church and con- 
 vent, which were both fmall, there is nothing like a 
 town in the whole ifland. This latter and its chapel 
 difcoversa great deal of poverty, but arc neat enough. 
 The Parifh church which (lands between the fort and 
 convent, is buil' by the fea-fide, jufl like the Portu- 
 gucfe houfcs, that is, of earth, white-wafhcd, and 
 covered with ftraw. It has two or three little bells, 
 but the revenues are too fmali to fupport fecular 
 priefts. The parifhioncrs confilled of about one hun- 
 dred and fifty neg.o men and women, who call them- 
 felves Portugucfe, though they are quite of a black 
 complexion. The ifle of Bifi'ao is very populous, 
 and V'ouKI be much more fo, if it were not for the 
 frequent inrurfions made by the Biafaras, Balantes, 
 and Bifl'agots negros, who often infeft the soutt ; with 
 this dift'erence, that of the prifoners the Biafitras 
 take, they fell half to the whites, and facrifice the 
 remainder to f heir gOdChi..a, by wny of thaiiklgiving. 
 Vol. I. No. jy. 
 
 The ifle of BifTao, and part of the adjacent iflts 
 and coafts, arc inhabited hy ihc papjl negros, efpe- 
 cially to the fouthward of Cachoa. I'hcy are on ill 
 terms with the Portugucfe, from whom, hmvcver, 
 they have borrowed many cuftoms. Their womrii 
 have only a cotton pagne or wrapper about their mid- 
 dle, with bracelets of bc.ids or coral. The girl.4 
 go ftark naked. Thofe of quality have their bodic-* 
 marked with flowers and figures in an agiteal.Ic regu 
 lar manner, fo that their (kin appears like a piece ol 
 regular wrought fattin. The dauglitcrb of the em- 
 peror of Bifl'ao, were marked fo, without any other 
 drcfs, but (flings of cor.il, and a fnull cotton apron. 
 'I'hc drefs of their chief men ditt'urs little Irom that 
 of the common fort, being only a goat-lkin p^ilUd 
 between their legs, and tucked up behind. They 
 carry in their hands a naked fabre, and two large iron 
 rings J thcfc, inllcad of (fones, have a huge |>lite of 
 the fame metal, which fcrves inftead of c.illanets. 
 One of thefe they wear on the thumb, and the other 
 on the midille finger, and by ifriking ilicni together, 
 convcrfe without being underllood by thofc who h.ivo 
 not the method. Thefe negros are excellent boat- 
 men, and reckoned the bill rowers on the coaft. 
 They make ufe of pagales, 01 fmall wooden fliovels, 
 for oars, and in rowing, make a fort of inufic with a 
 chorus cr burthen to it, which is not unharmo- 
 nious. 
 
 The Papal negros who inhabit BifTao, have a lan- 
 guage peculiar to the people of that denomination, as 
 well as their particular cuftoms. Trade has contri- 
 buted to civilize them much. They are idolaters, 
 but their religion is confufed ; and not ealy to know 
 in what it confifts. Their principal idol is a fmall 
 figure they call China, of which they can give no ac- 
 count. It is not their ojily one, each faking fome 
 deity according to his fancy. Confucrated trees they 
 regard either as gods, or the abode of gods. To ilicfe 
 they facrifice dogs, cocks, and oxen, which they of- 
 fer them, after killing them, and I'prinkliiig the blood 
 partly at the foot or round the tree, anJ on the 
 branches. They cut the victims in i)icces, the king, 
 grandees, and people, each taking their part. The 
 deity has only the horns, which are faftcned to the 
 tree, till they rotor drop off. 
 
 It docs not appear that there ever hnve been any ci- 
 vil wars at Biffao, which is a mark of the people's 
 fubmiffion to the prince ; the people however are at 
 continual war with their neighbours, whom they in- 
 vade, as often as they think It for their advantage j 
 fuch as the Biafaras, Bifl'agots, Balantes, and Na- 
 lus, who furround them on all fides, cither on the 
 continent or adjacent ifles. All thefe people are bra\e 
 in their way, and fight dtfperately when pufhed. 
 They know not what it is to make a iettled peace, nor 
 have they any great correfpondcncc with each other. 
 The Europeans are far from defiring toad as peace- 
 makers amongft them, which would be contrary tr> 
 their intereft, fincethe greater the wars arc, the tnure 
 flaves i to the Ihame of human nature ! 
 
 When the emperor of Bifl'ao judges proper to in- 
 vade his enemies, he founds his bonbalon, and im- 
 mediately the officers of his troops repair, with their 
 foldiers armed, to the place direded. There they find the 
 king's canoes of war, of which he has a fleet of about 
 30. They put 20 men in each canoe, the commander 
 of which is refponfible to the king for his charge; 
 and, if he ftiould lofc his canoe, runs the rifqiie of 
 his life. The king feldom ventures his perfun in thefe 
 expeditions, but he always confults his images before 
 he undertakes them, and makes a great facrifice, of 
 whole flcih none partake but himfcif, his ptieffs, and 
 his army. 
 
 As thefe wooden gods arc generally in the king's in- 
 tereft, the anfwcr is ufually favourable. They em- 
 bark then full of hope, and order matters fo as to reach 
 the enemies country by night. 'I'hey land without 
 n ifc, and if they find any lone cottages without de- 
 fence, they imnie<liaely let hem on fi^rc ; and carry 
 off all the inhabilants and ctFcifls to their boats, and 
 ; '/, then 
 
 ,^ 
 
450 
 
 VOYAGES TO THE 
 
 [trot 
 
 then cm'mrV. If the villages prove ftrong, they 
 arc not Ibiul of attackiii!; them, but rather plant 
 themfelvcs in ambiifcade, on the ways to fome river 
 or fpring, and endeavour to furprife or carry off the 
 natives. On the leaft advantage of this kind gained, 
 they return in as great triumph, as if they had ob- 
 tained a complcat viiSoiy. 'I'he king has for his du- 
 ties, andtheufcof his fleet, the half of the booty; 
 the reft is divided among the captors. All the flaves 
 in general arc fold to the Europeans, unlefs they arc 
 pi-rlbns of feme rank, whofe friends can. redeem them, 
 |)aying twu (laves, or five or fix oxen. The adven- 
 turers ncvir fail to make a parade through the ifle, 
 Ihcwing their wounds, and carrying their prifoners 
 along with them. They do not ufc them ill like the 
 Iroquois, and other people of North-America, but 
 load thcni with reproaches, praifing the vigors to the 
 ikies, and prrfenting them with pagnes, and other 
 things, which they Icll for palm-wine to get drunk. 
 They call this ovation ; but if, on the contrary, 
 they have, on thefe expeditions, met any confidcrahle 
 lofs ormisfortune, the prifoners run a great rifquc of 
 being f'.crificcd, cfpecially if the relations of the pcr- 
 fons killed be of rank, or are rich. Thofcwhoare 
 killed on thife orcafions, arc honoured in their fune- 
 ral ohfequics bv fongs and dances to the found of their 
 drums, 'i'he vvunien, who are the chief aflreiTes on 
 thefe occaliiins, e.xprefs their defpair and grief in a 
 manner capable of infpiring thofe palUons in all who 
 behold them, ''-c-v tear their hair and flcfh, and fliriek 
 like furies. V. .; \ tht;y are tired of this, they give 
 them pr.lm-winc ..i plenty j this afi'ords them freih 
 fpirits to recommence the fcene, and fuppliesthem 
 with neiv tears, which continue flowing till the body 
 is interred. 
 
 The emperor of Jiiflaois ^ery defpotic. He has a 
 fingiibr intthi.J of makin.; himfelf rich at his fub- 
 jedts exprncc. I'his is to • ' upt the donation a negro 
 makes lii-'i of his neighbour's hoiife; of which the 
 kin:^ takes pofielli n with .ut farther ceremony, and 
 the proprietor muft either rnnfom it, or build a new 
 one. I- kcd he '. :s it in his power to revenge him- 
 felf hy It. .ing hi^ iieighbours in the fame manner, 
 but in this cali; the kmg lofcs nothing, having two 
 houfis in(lo\J of one. 
 
 " When the king of BilTandies, his favourite wives, 
 and a number of (laves arc killed, and buried near 
 the place of his interment, to fcrvc him in the 
 other world. After this, the body of the dcceafrd 
 king is put inU) a co(Hn made of reeds, carried by 
 four grr.ndees to the place of Ic-pnlture. When they 
 arrivj there, they throw up the coffin in the air, and let 
 it fall on the great men, who arc proftrated round it, 
 and h-' whom it falls upon, is acknowledged king : 
 they however confine thiir election to fome relation of 
 the royal f.imily. Formerly thev had acultom of fa- 
 crifif-iiig or burning (laves alive, to accompany their 
 chiefs uito the other world : but this cuftom fecms 
 to be almoft aboliihed j the laft king having only one 
 buried with hini, and the prefent emperor fecms very 
 inuch bent on intircly dcftioying it. Oncof his no- 
 bles being old and near his end, had chofen three young 
 girls to be buried with him ; but at his death, the 
 king fold them, and ga\ j the money they brought to 
 his heirs. 
 
 The emperor has an inftrumcnt of light wood, be- 
 fore-mentioned, called a Boiihalon, made like a fea- 
 trumpct, but larger, and twice as long. It has no 
 cord ; they ftrike on it with a hammer of hard wood, 
 and fav the found will reach four leagues. The king 
 has fevcral of thel'e along the fca-coails, and up the 
 country, with a guard to each; and when the king's 
 bonbalon ftrikes, th<y rcprcfcnt the fame number of 
 ftrokes in the fame tone, and fo tranlmit his orders 
 through the ill.-, which are known by the manner of 
 conveying them. All whodil'obey are fold for (laves, 
 which fevere punifliment keeps them in awe j and 
 the king turns their difobediencc to his own emolu- 
 ment. 
 While the fadlory was building at BiiTao, the Sieur 
 
 Bruc refu'.vcil to vifit the idc of Rulam, where he hail 
 once an intention of fettling a colony, vihich was 
 found imprartiiable, on account of the bigncfs of 
 the iflc. For this end he fet out with two boats, 
 manned with (ioree Lapots, and fome Pa]>el negriis, 
 who had been through theie channels in theircxpcdi- 
 tions. He took alfo fome pilots, whom he intended 
 to leave behind him to examine the toafts, in oiiUr 
 to extend the company's trade. 'I'hcy failed out be- 
 tween the ide des Sorcieics, or of Witcljes, and Kour- 
 bon Ifle J (leering fouth, in order to make th^- ealt 
 point of the ifle, called by the I'ortuguele Fi'iniola, 
 or the Ueautiful. Its .appearance is anlvveralOe lo ilu: 
 name, being covered with large trees, except the 
 Ihore.s, which arc low and full of mangroves. 'I'he 
 foil appears level and rich, but the country is not in- 
 habited, having no freih water. 
 
 The commander had a great inclination to land and 
 examine it, but was obliged to defer it. It is about 
 two leagues long and one broad. They compute tlie 
 diftance from the fouth-call point of i'ornu. la, live 
 leagues. 
 
 in iloubling the point of Formofa, one enters the 
 arm of the great rivar which feparates the penMilula 
 of the Uiafaras from the iflc of Hulani. The entry 
 of this channel is a league broad ; the ihorcs are ahouc 
 on which the fea breaks with more or Id's violence in 
 proportion to the tides. As the Sieur Brue's defign 
 was to examine thofe pafl'ages, he founded as he went 
 on, and found, that between the weft point of the 
 peninfula of Biafara, and the eaft point of Formofa, 
 there was from two and three, to ftven fathoms wa- 
 ter, and it was nectiTary to k' cp the mid channel, in 
 order to avoid the banks, which contract it confider- 
 ably, till one reaches the north-caft point of the iflc of 
 Buiam. In founding here, his two boats ran aground 
 oppofite to each other : the channel between, and the 
 ebb being fo quick, that they were left dry, and 
 obliged to keep a good guard, and wait the return of 
 the flood to carry them oil". 
 
 The Biafara negros are vcrv alert at prey; and 
 when they fee any vcfl'els or boats on Ihore, Icldom 
 fail to attack them. On thefe cccafions, they fallen 
 to thf'.r fiet barks of trees two feet long, and feven or 
 eight inches broad, which hinder their finking in the 
 ooze, as the Canada favages do, to prevent theii fink- 
 ing in the fnow. 'I'hough the boats were too well 
 manned to fear fucli enemies, the crew continued un- 
 der arms, till tbc .'ciurn of the tide enabled them to 
 purfue their voyage. 
 
 In doubling the lorth-caft point of Bulam, there 
 is a creek or bay aliout three leagues broad and ths 
 fame drpth, in the rnidft of which is three or tour fa- 
 thoms water. 'i'h? banks arc covered with man- 
 groves. It is a good retteat for fmall vcft'els in b.ad 
 weather. From hence to the fouth-eaft point, the 
 coaft ii f.ilV, and the anchorage good all along, for 
 argcvcirds : but it is necenary to be well acquainted 
 with the tides, and the convopicnces and inconve- 
 niences they bring. This the Sieur Hnic experienced, 
 foi he had l^arcely weathered the call point, when the 
 tide, whiih Carried him there, tumid a ;ainft him, 
 and fecmeil a tide of ebb. He immediatelv put in for 
 ihorc ; and following the example of a Bifl'agots c.i» 
 noc, which had moored to the trees, he fatlened his 
 boat in the like manner. In this place they pafTed 
 the night, nofwithftanding their tents were nuirh 
 wetted ; and (ulFered rreatly by a violent ftorm which 
 followed, attended with rain, ihundrr and lijditning ; 
 befides irregular currents, which were fo rapid, th»t 
 they dreaded being driven from their anchors, and 
 left on the coaft, for there was no venturing to lia, 
 benight being i'o dark, nor could they dil>iiii;iiifh 
 •.he ncareft objeifl, but by the lightning. At day hrealc 
 the ftorm ceafed. The Bift'agots, who had (pent the 
 night on Ihore, in great pain for their canoe, having 
 obiervcd the boats, approached them. 'I'he com- 
 mander made figns of tiiendlhip, and fpoke to ihcm by 
 his interpreters. On this, three came on board, whom 
 he treated kindly, maHng them drink, and giving 
 
 them 
 
lyoi.] 
 
 COASTS AND ISLANDS OF AFRICA. 
 
 m 
 
 them fmall prcfcius, 
 
 the number o(' 15. 
 
 thtni ot liis dclign 
 
 uliich foon brought the reft, to 
 'I'he Sicur Hiuc having inl'ornieJ 
 of goint; through the illc, and 
 liuntiiig by the way» they readily ottered themfelvcs 
 as guides. He toolc li\ or Itven ol' ihcni, leaving the 
 reft with his bo,it, uinlcr pretence of afliOing his 
 men, but in reality as holtages tur their countrymen's 
 behaviour. They left the |)late where tiny had pallt;d 
 the night, and doubling the caftern |ioint of Hulani, 
 found a grt.it river about a league broad, and of a 
 fufHeient depth for the large It vellels. Here they faw 
 pl.iinly the caufc of the contrary tides and currents 
 they had met with. 
 
 I'he ch innel or river between the Ifland of Bulam, 
 and ihe pcninfula of the Uiafaras, make a part of Rio 
 (.irande, which frparates into two brai;clies at the 
 fouth-ealt point of liulam. H^nec it is, that the tide 
 entering by two openings, the flood in the I'outli chan- 
 nel runs llrongly to ijie cart, forcing that flowing in 
 by the norili channel (which is narrower and Ihal- 
 lowcr than :lic oti^r) to turn back on itfelf, and 
 caules thefc rapid, uncertain currents which obliges 
 vellels to cart anclioi, that thi-y may lolb by the reflux, 
 what they have gain.'d by the flood. 
 
 The boats being moored along with tlic ISilTagots 
 canoe, the Sieur Hrue landed with 18 whiles, 12 
 armed Laptot«, together with (even of the Bifl'agots ; 
 leaving an oflicer, with the rcit of his men, to guard 
 Ihe boats, .'ud havc.an eve on the Billagois canoe, and 
 llie I ight men left ,n it. When they had marched an 
 huiidied yards, and had gotten clear of the woods, 
 wh'ch furrounded the coaltf, they found a pleafant 
 country, that fecmed to have been inhabited, and is 
 {till yearly cultivated by three or four hundred Bifla- 
 gots, who came here to make their plantations of 
 ni.iilc, rice, au.i other pulfe, and return home when 
 their harvelt is finilhcd. The land is pleafant, riling 
 infcniibly for tuo leagues from the (hore to the foot 
 of fomchilN, which lecm as the hafis of fome larger 
 mountains in the centre of the illes. 
 
 Thefc mountains arc neither Itccp nor bare, but 
 arc all covered with large trees. Their fides are very 
 iniprovcable, and the Irequcnt valleys between them 
 are watered by rivulets of good water, which the 
 Biflagots artured the commander, were never dry, 
 even in ihc hot !• afon. 
 
 The toil is fat, deep, and rich, a' "jipenrs by the 
 large trees It produces. It aboumls with palm-trees 
 of all forts. There are alio green oaks, both ftrait 
 and crooked, very fit for building ftiips or houfes ; as 
 alio pear-trees of the fame kind with thole in theifles 
 of America. Thio iflc of Bulam formerly belonged 
 to the liiaf.iras, but the Billiigots their enemies, lik- 
 ing the lituation, had made I'o cruel a war upon them, 
 that, r.l'icr cariymg oft' numbers of thcin into flavcry, 
 the rcit thougiit lit to retire to the continent. The 
 conijueiois however, have not thought fit to take pof- 
 feirrin of their acquilition, but reloit liither yearly, 
 to the number of three or four hundred, during the 
 nioiuiw of February, Maic'n, April and May, to 
 m:ik>' their plantations, and after haiveil return home. 
 If any are found here at other times, as happened 
 now, they are only adviniurers, who are come to in- 
 fcll the Diafara coall, or hunters who come here to 
 kill elephant') ; one of thele animals being a good 
 prize to the ncgros, who, befulcs the profit of his 
 teeth, feai> heartily on th.-carcale. It is this dJtruc 
 tinn pn.'veius the fe creatures from multiplying heie as 
 fitherwifc they would do, there being no lions or bcails 
 of prev tomolell them. 
 
 '* licre .iie aUo on this iflc, birds of all kinds, botl 
 Inch as breed i.^ro, and birds of pali'jge. The adjacent 
 feas are full of tilh. I'l^toifts and fhell-tilh of va- 
 rious luitsare plenty ; (o that a man mull be lazy if 
 he cannot live well here. 
 
 Ti.L Sieur Hrue fpeiit tour d lys in making the cir- 
 cuit of the irte, anil c.\aiiiiiiing it. He returned weary 
 to his boat, but very well faiijfled with his journey, 
 and oinlirmed in his opinion of the projeifl he had 
 propofed to the company of crtablilliiiiij a colony here 
 
 like that of the Irte das Vacea-:, or of Co.vs, on the 
 coaft of Hifpaniola. By his belt computation this 
 ifle of Bulam is eight or ten leagues long from eaft to 
 welt J five broad from north to fouth, an ' 25 or 30 
 leagues in circumfetencc. Having lurveyed it by land, 
 he thought proper to fail round it, in order thoroughly 
 to know the bays, rocks, ports, and ioundings of the 
 coaft. He fet out with his two boats, well provided 
 with frelh victuals, boiled or dried, taking the fame 
 courfe he did incoming. He tried the foundings, and 
 could find no paflagc between Bulam and Formofa. 
 It is one continued bank on which the fca beats vio- 
 lently, if there i^ the leaft wind. The SIcur Brue 
 fent through it the Biflagots canoe with two pilots, 
 and kept m their place four Biflagots. Though it 
 was high watir, the canoe ftuck in leveral places, and 
 the ncgros were forced to get into the water, to draw 
 it through the rocks, or a hard kind of ftioal. The 
 canoe rejoined the commander's boats at the weft point 
 of Formofa, whcic they waited for it, having had a 
 quicker paflagc, 
 
 Thefe rocks continue to run from point to point, 
 forming a fcmi-circle to the north-weft point of Bu- 
 lam. They found, within two cables length of thefe 
 (hoals, from eight to ten fathoms water. Purfuing; 
 their courfe between the iflc of Bulam, and that of the 
 Biflagots, which the Portuguefe call the Ifle das Gal- 
 linas, or of Hens, from the plenty of poultry there. 
 Here is a channel a league broad, which looks like a 
 ftrcight ftreet of five leagues long, lying fouth-eatt and 
 north-wcrt, and has all through it from 12 to 2b fa- 
 thoms water. Between the banks and fhoals, which 
 begin at the Ifle of Hens, and continue to a defart 
 ifle, lying to thecaft fouth-eaft, of Cafnabac (another 
 of the Bifl'agots ifles) there is at : >o cables diftancc, 
 four or five fathoms water. 
 
 The flioals on the ifle of Bulam, begin two leagues 
 from the north-weft point. This fp.ice forms the 
 weft road, as commodious and fate fur anchorage, as 
 that to the eaft. The banks or ihoals i.j.pear again, 
 and form a right angle, two leagues diftant from the 
 point of the ifle, with a line winding back, which 
 terminates at the fouth fouth-caft point. Between this 
 point and the rocks, and that of Tombali on the 
 main, inhabited by the Nalus negros, lies the largeft 
 branch of Rio Grande, which was everywhere from 
 20 to 30 fathoms water. The Sieur Brue entered 
 this branch between the point of Nalus and that of 
 the three fountains. In this place it is two leagues 
 broad ; and after running a large fwcep to the fouth, 
 it takes a turn, and runs north-esft, till it is dividetl 
 in two branches by the iflc of Bil'aghe. 
 
 All this country, on both fides of Rio Grande, is 
 well peopled. In the night the French commander 
 heard their drums beating on each quarter, whether 
 out of diverfion, as is ufual, or that they fulpcflcd 
 his boats, and did it to (hew they were on their guard. 
 The banks of Rio Grande arc covered with large 
 trees., which indued the Portuguefe to come liither and 
 build their vcrt'els. Amongft thefe there is a tree called 
 Mifheri, of which they make planks, which, bcfidcs 
 their being ealy to work, are free from the worms, not 
 only on this coaft, where they are fo pernicious to 
 (hips, but in difTcrcni parts of Europe, Africa and 
 America, whither they liave been carried. The unc- 
 tuous fap, which this wood abounds with, and is cx- 
 tremelv bitter, is what, in all appearance, terurcs ic 
 frn.n thefe worms. The trees do not grow very tall, 
 llldon. above 2C or 22 feet high ; but they are very 
 large in the trunk. 
 
 'Fhe banks of the .ivulets here, and the marfliy 
 grounds, produce certain trees of a middle ilze, re- 
 fcmbling in wood and leaves the American mahot, 
 the bark of which lervcs for hemp to caulk the fliips. 
 Inrtcad of pitch, wliich they often want, they ule 
 palm Oil, mi.xed with quick lime, and boiled to fuch 
 a confiftence as neceflary. W^ith relpeft to cables, 
 liic country furnifhcs certain reeds or bamboos, which 
 grow in the mar(hy grounds j thefe they cut, and leave 
 to ftccp in water, after which, beating them, to fepa- 
 
 rate 
 
 IR 
 
4S» 
 
 VOYAGES TO THE 
 
 [»7ft. 
 
 : I 
 
 the gioflir part, they weave them into good ropes. 
 All they want h'.'re is proper wood and maftingi the 
 miAlcri being too ftiort, ami the mangrove and palm 
 too heavy. All the other trees are too brittle, (o that 
 they are forced to ufe the palm, and to prevent the 
 ill efFedts ot it» licavincfs, they arc obliged to have no 
 top-malh. 
 
 [It is Itrangc, as the country fo eafily produces co- 
 coa-trees, that they make no ufe of thchuflis to make 
 rojics and tow, as they do in the Ead Indies.] 
 
 Having paflld the ido of Bifaghe, which is per- 
 haps the country whcjice the Biir.igots take their name, 
 w lien they had procecJed about a league, he found a 
 fninll river on the left, in which entering:, after a 
 league's failing, he reached Ghinhala, inlTabited by 
 Portu;iui.ic, Willi have been fettled here, from father to 
 foM, lor a long time. Here he found a liiiall Eng- 
 lifli \iirj|, belonging to Sierra I/eona, commanded 
 hy one (iliek, who was owner anu c.iptaiji, ilc was 
 of the Rumiih perfuafion, and had married a rich 
 negro woman there, with whom he got, hcfides mo- 
 ney, a large ifle in the r\\cr of Sierra Leona. 
 
 The village is lituated on the right fide of the river 
 of the lame name; which alio gives its name to the 
 kingdom, fometinus called thj kingdom of the Bia- 
 taras. This kingdom is confidcrable by the ninnbtr 
 of its Portuguefe iiiliabitanis, white, black, tawny, 
 anil liuilatiiis, ulio all feem to live at their cafe, and 
 ha\ .' tolerable houfes : their antlchambcr, where they 
 re.eive their vilits, luing pretty well furniflicd. No 
 lliangcrs fee beyond this, in a coiintiy where the men 
 are as jealous of their niilh. lies as their wives, ,Tiid 
 generally keep both ii.ider the fame roof; except in 
 
 Tins article, they are very civil ami complaifaiit. 
 
 The Sieiir Briie cmpluycd two days in returning 
 t'lefe \ii;i>, and iiii|uiiiiig into the (tale of trade here. 
 The third day early, he lU out, attended by twenty 
 of his men, well armed, and leveral Portuguefe, who 
 waited on him out of refpec^, and went a league to 
 (ec the king of Ghinhala, or Biafaras. This prince 
 being known by both titles. 
 
 The king, informed of his approach, waiteil his 
 coming, beneath a tree before his tapada, or inclo- 
 fure. He had round 'lis waift .1 black pagne, with 
 a black under coat, in the Portuguefe fafhion, a 
 cloak of the fame colour, black pumps, without 
 flockings, and a great black hat on his head, fo that 
 he was all o;"cr black, except his teeth, and the whites 
 of his eyes. 
 
 He received the Sicur Bruc's compliments civilly, 
 as w»ll as his prefents, and touching his han<l fcvc- 
 ral times, afflired him, the French fliould be wel- 
 rome to his dominions ; that he would protect them, 
 and trade with them preferably to the other nations ; 
 that he gave them liberty to (cttle where they would, 
 and crc<£t warchoufes and inclofures as they plcafed. 
 And the Sieur Brue mentioning his dcfirc to maice n 
 iittlement at Bulam, which he knew belonged to the 
 king, his majcfty laid nothing could be more agree- 
 able to him than to fee the Bifl.igots, hiseniniic, 
 driven from that ifland ; that he would make the 
 French a prefcnt of it with al! his heart, and if it 
 WRS too little, he would give them lands near the 
 Three Fountains, fufficient for their fctrlcments. 
 After feting the Sicur Bruc's prefent-, he exprclTed his 
 ({raiitude, lent for palm-wine, drank to the com- 
 iiianilcr, at)d obliged him to pledge him. The king 
 to»jk luch pleaforc in the Sieur Bruc's converfation, 
 that he leemed umafy he would not ftay a few days 
 with him at his court, where he regaled him after the 
 country way. 
 
 After the rcpaft, the Sieur Bruevifited the villages, 
 which IS large, and the country round is delightful, 
 qn .ircouiU of the banana, and other trees, which fur- 
 round the houles, with inclofures of thorn and green 
 reeds. The village is fituated on the bank of a mid- 
 dling river, which comes from the caft, and falls Into 
 that of Curbali. The foil here is rich, and well cul- 
 tivated, and in other hands, might he greatly im- 
 Ijrovcd, There U a good trade for v/»x, filvci, and 
 
 ivory, and a great number of elephants, which, nr«- 
 withlianding, the continual pcrfecution of the negros, 
 multiply exceedingly. 
 
 In the evening, the Sieur Broc returned toGhin- 
 hala, and rcfted there the next day ) the day after In; 
 went fix leagues up the place, where the conveniency 
 of wood has induced leveral Furopcan traders to 
 build vciVcls. There was then on the Hocks a fiiiiaie- 
 fterncd veflcl, of about joo tons, .is there in nothing 
 ■ ■ -'ting here hut malting. Moll ot the villages along 
 ' i. liver are inhabited by Portuguele, fomeilmes in- 
 I ' rmixed with negros, from whole huts their houfes 
 are eafdy dillinguilhed 'ly their lha])e and bii'iicls. 
 The trade here, btfidcs wax, llavis and ivory, pro- 
 duces large dried hides, cotton, feme oftrich feallirrp, 
 gum of diU'erent kinds, and gftld, which comes Ironi 
 the inland to the fouth and call, but from whence is 
 not yet known. 
 
 The F'rench commander returned to BilTao, after 
 making the ncccfi'ary obli:rvations for a I'ttlhment ad- 
 vantageous to the company. Her- lie found his build- 
 ings in good forwardiRls, and while they were finilh- 
 ing, failed in the Corvettes, to vilit the illc of Bif- 
 fagots. 
 
 " The illcs of BifTagots (fays the author) arei;{ 
 or 14. in number, the molt conhderahle and frequeiiteil 
 of which are Cafiiabac, Uhas ilas (Jallinas, Cafcgut, 
 Carachc, Aranghena, Fafagaya, nr Uie IflamI of Pa- 
 rots, Formofa, Babachnca, BalagI.e, Waranglie, and 
 fonie others Ids known, bccaufe not lieiiueiited.-— 
 Kach of thcle illei is ^^overncd hy a chief called a 
 King, or who has ;it lealt the authority belonging to 
 that title. 'Fhel'e cliitis aie iiidepenclant uf each other, 
 and fiequently at w.ii, but they unite in making 
 war on tljeBLnfaras on the contineiir, whom they have 
 driven from the illc of Bulam, as lias been ol lirrved. 
 They have canoes large enough to carry 25 or 30 
 men, with piovihons ami their ;.rir.s, which art fabies 
 and arrows. 
 
 " I'he negrcsof thefe ides are large, (Irongand ro- 
 huft, though their ordinary food is but inell-lifli, 
 palm-oil, and palm-nuts, called Chcvaux, chuhng 
 rather to fell to the Europeans their mail'e, rice, and 
 other pulfe. 'Fhcy are pagans, and very cruel to their 
 enemies. They cut ctl" the heads of ihofe they kill in 
 war, and after cariyiug them up and down in triumph, 
 thev fkin them, drying the fcalps and hair, with which 
 they adorn their houles, as a mark of their victo- 
 ries. 
 
 " They arc paflionate lovers of brandy j whenever 
 a fliip brings any, they Ifrive who ftiall be ihc (irft, 
 and (tick at nothing to get it. The weaker becomes 
 a prey to the ftronger. They forget the law'5 of na- 
 ture ; the father fells his children, and if they can 
 fcize their parents, they ferve them in the fame man- 
 ner. Every thing goes for brandy. 
 
 " Formofa is the caftcrnmoll of thefe ides, but defert 
 and uninhabited. The illcs dasGallinas and Cafiia- 
 bac, lying at the head of the banks and Ihoals, which 
 furrounds this duller of ifles, are fertile, well pcople<l, 
 and have plenty of water. The Ihores abound with 
 forts )f hfti, and if the n '.tives were a little more 
 iiiduftrious in cultivating their lands, they might bo 
 great gainers 1 for all thcle illcs in general are good 
 foil, and capable of maintaining large colonics. 
 
 'Flic ide of Cal'egut is one of the molt conl. 'crable. 
 It is furroundcd with hanks ;'iid Ihoals, except at tiic 
 two points, lying north ealt, and fouth welt, wheic 
 ftlips may ride in lafety. It is reckoned ten or twelve 
 leagues from the point of Bernafal, in the ifle of Bil- 
 fao, to the north-call point of Caiegut, aiul bill live 
 to St. Martin. 'I'lic patives of Caiegut are, vMlli- 
 out difpute, the nioH ciWIifed of all thele illandcrs, 
 which is owing to fade. — 
 
 When the fiy-hnat was nioorid, the Sieur Brue 
 hoilled his flag, and fired a gun ; lo"n alter, three 
 men appeared on the ll;orc, ar.d made a liuiial to come 
 onboard. .The boat went and bn ipht them otl'. 
 One (if thefe was a chiif of ihi i(le, and a near 
 relation of the king, accoinpm td with two of Ins 
 -; kiuf- 
 
 
1701.] 
 kiiifmcn. 
 
 COASTS AND ISLANDS OF AFRICA. 
 
 4J3 
 
 Ik li.id only a pagnc round his walft, and 
 a h.it. His hair was Lircalctl with palm-oil, which 
 made it quite red. He C.ilutcd the French com- 
 mander civilly, pulling oft" his iiit, anil taking him 
 by the hand, hy the intcrprtttr, •welcomed hmi to 
 the ifland, and inquired after the Sieur de la Fonde, 
 who had Uecn his p..rticular friend. 
 
 While the connnander was treating his friend with 
 brandy, a ranoe approached wjih five ncgros, one 
 «)f vliom came on deck, holding a cock ui his left 
 hand, and a knife in liis right ; after kneeling a mi- 
 iinie before the Sieur Bruc, without fpeakiiur, he rofc, 
 and turning to the eafl, cut the cock's throat, and 
 pi iting himfelf on liis knees, let lonie drops of blood 
 fail on the Sieur liiue's feet ; he did the lame to the 
 mall and pump of tlie ihip, and returning to the com- 
 mander, prefentci! him with the cock. That gen- 
 tleman ordering him a bumper of brandy, afkcd him 
 the realbn of this ceremony. He replied, That the 
 people of his country looked on the whites as the 
 gods of the fea ; that the malt w .s a divinity, that 
 made the (hip walk, and the pump was a miracle, 
 fince it could make water rife up, whole natural pro- 
 perty was to dclccnd. 
 
 'I heSitur Bruc, after regaling the negro grandee, 
 and making him a prefent, fent him on ihore. Next 
 d.iy he returned his vilit, and was met on his landing 
 by this lord, wiio conduiiU'd him to his habitation, 
 about 300 pace, from the ftiore, built in the Portu- 
 gucfe way, well whilc-waftied, with an open portico 
 before it, furrounded with lofty palm-trees, and fur- 
 iiirtv-"d with neat wooden chairs and llools. After 
 fome convcifation, and a regale of palm-wine, he 
 walked to u buildijig about 50 paces from his houfe, 
 which the commander, to his great furprife, found 
 to be a chapel, with an altar, benches, and a bell of 
 about thirty pounds weight, faftened to a tree near 
 the door. He caufed it to be rung, and told the Sieur 
 Brue, he built that chapel for the ufe of fi'ch Chrif- 
 tians as fhould come thither; adding, that though 
 he was no Clirillian, he loved them, and that if any 
 pried would come and live with him, he fliouid wan: 
 for nothing. Alter this, they went together to the 
 king, wlio rcfided about a mile from thence, and re- 
 ceived the commander gracioufly. He was a venera- 
 ble oUI man of about feventv, his beard curled, and 
 almoll wliitc, his eves and mouth handlome, and his 
 air majellic. He had only a pagnc about his waift, 
 and aliaton his head, v\ith which he faluted the com- 
 mander, taking him by tlie hand, and repeating (c- 
 veral tinie^. You are welcome and otl'ereil him free 
 liberty to iL-ttle on his ifland. The Sieui Drue made 
 him a preltnt of fome curiofities, and two ankers of 
 brandv. The king tailed it, and found it much be- 
 yond tlie Portugucle rum, which is often adultera- 
 ted witli water. The king's houfe was not fo com- 
 moilious as that of his kinlman, but it had chairs and 
 tables. He kept, however, the company to dinner, 
 and treated them witli fowls boiled in rice, venifon, 
 beef, and mutton, tolerably well dreli-.d. His palm- 
 wine was excellent ; and the commander's biandy was 
 not fpared ; alter which the king fell to fmoking, and 
 made the Sieur Brue Imokc in the fame pipe, the tube 
 of which was near five feet long, and the bowl big 
 enough to hold a quarter of a pound of tobacco. It 
 was adorned with ' ral rings and ornaments of pew- 
 ter. The king prefcnted the Sieur Brue with two 
 cocks, which, amongft tlie negros, is the higlied 
 mark of dilUnction and rcfpeil, the cock being a bird 
 c ilicrated to their deities. 
 
 'I'hc ille of Cafrgut is near three times as long as 
 it 's broad. The land is rich and good, and, is far 
 as the .Si( iir Brue law, well cultivated. It abounds 
 with polon-trecs, lataniers, palm and orange trees, 
 as well as maifc, rice, pompions, peafe, and other 
 kinils of pulfe. There wi-re near the king's houfes 
 forty ■ r fifty negros armed with fabres and arrows, 
 whom 'he Sieur Bruc judged to be his guard. Cafe- 
 gut, Carache, Cal'iiab.ic, and las Ciallinas, are the 
 only Hillagot illands, whcie loieiijiiei' may trade fe- 
 
 Vcj.. 1. No. 39. 
 
 curely. At the others, it is ncccffary to be on the 
 guard, and not venture on ftiorc, and the Portugucfc 
 have experienced this, even in traHicking with them on 
 board. Strangers cannot be too cautious, efpecially 
 in the night, .'\bove all it is requifitc to keep a 
 (Iriiaguaid, and anchor fo, that the veflels are not 
 left dry at the tide of ebb, 
 
 " If the natives of thcfe illcs have (laves to fell, or 
 other goods, they bring them in canors ; and it is then 
 proper to have the crew under arms on deck, and the 
 guns pointed, and to fufl'er them to enter only one at 
 a lime. Notwillidanding thefe hazards, there are 
 ufually three or four hundred flavcs bought here every 
 year, from fifteen to twenty bars a head, and the trade, 
 if riglitly managed, is very improveable. Thcgoods 
 proper tor the illes arc, ycllov/ amber, baife, cloth, 
 Icrges, red and yellow ; brandy in large quantities, 
 brafs and copper b-.lls, and fowling-pieces, and yellow 
 worfted, cotton cloths or pagnes j pewter plates, 
 brafs balbns, linen of different forts, with fome few 
 ,;lHrs beads, red and black. 
 
 " In 1687, the Sieur dc la Fonde, who traded herP, 
 was plundered of fome goods by the natives. While 
 lie meditated revenge, there put in here a French man 
 of war, called the Lion, commanded by the Sieur 
 dcMontifierj he propofed to this captain to pillage 
 the ifle, for which end they landed 200 men, without 
 refinance. The king, called Dukcrmenay, who 
 found himfelf furrounded in his houfes, chofe to burn 
 himfelf rather than furrender. The inhabitants fled 
 to the woods and mountains j fo that of two or three 
 thoufand natives, the French could take but ten or 
 twelve. This unlucky cnterprife made the Sieur dc 
 la Fonde afraid of lofing all trade with thcfe people; 
 but he found means to manage matters, fo as to per- 
 fuade them he had no hand it, but ,'a 'twas done 
 by pirates. 
 
 " The natives, efpecially thofe of fafhion, rub their 
 flcin witli palm-oil, which makes them quite red. 
 The women and girls have nothing about their waifts 
 but a thick kind of fringe nuide of iceds, which drops 
 to their knees. In cold weather they put another of 
 the fame kind round their fhoulders. They have, bc- 
 fides, copper and pewter bracelets on their arms and 
 legs. 
 
 " In general, the natives ofCafegut arc well fhaped, 
 have good features, of fhining jet black colour, and 
 have neither flat nofes, nor bro d lips. They arc in- 
 genious and lively, and were i^ not for their indolence 
 might be cafil y taught arts ; but the- arc fo impatient 
 of flavcry, cipeciaTly out of their -n country, that 
 it is very dangerous to have them 01 ooard." 
 
 At his return from Cafegut, the Sieur Brue found 
 his biiildiii ' almoft finifhed. The ditch was not 
 quite made, but tlic hedge was planted round it, and 
 he judged a night or two would bring it to perfec- 
 tion. 
 
 His firfl vifit was to the king or emperor, who re- 
 ceived him with great marks of fricndlhip and afl'u- 
 ranee of his protection to the company. His ni.ijef- , 
 ty's wives and grandees made him manyofl^ers of their 
 lervice. He had reafon, both now, and at his return 
 to Africa in quality of direiSlor in 1723, to believe 
 them fincerely in his intereft. He went next to vifit 
 the Portugucli; governor, with whom he lived in as 
 good undcrllanding, as could be fuppofcd between 
 two commanders of oppofite interefts. Finding the 
 Sieur Brue intended to lodge in his new fattory, he 
 carnLllly prcHed him to take an apartment in the fort. 
 The commander excufing himfflf on the dillancc be- 
 tween the fort and his building, the governor of- 
 tered him the Francilcan convent, which he declining 
 on the fame account, Don Rodrigo prclFed him to 
 accept awarehoufe belonging to tht Portuguefe com- 
 pany, which lav convenient ; this he accepted of, and 
 the governor h.id it immediately fitted up for his re- 
 ception. The Sunday after, while the Sieur Brue 
 was at mafs with the governor, who had invited him, 
 he obferved, that a piiilure over the altar bore the 
 arms ot' the Ficiich company ; he took notice of it 
 6 A to 
 
 i 
 
4H 
 
 VOYAGES TO THE 
 
 [170/. 
 
 li ,1^ 
 
 ti) the Poidipiicrc governor, ns a proof, lliat his na- 
 tion lull a iculiincnt litic, either before, or at Icaft 
 ait larlv ns the I'ortugucle, liiiee the piiilure fccnied as 
 oli: iis' the aluir, or ehureh. The gi'vcrnor replieil 
 hetoulil not pietenil to .JLi iije th It ni.ilter, hut lie iif- 
 lureil him that a king of iiillao h.iil fent his Ion (o the 
 kin^; ot Portiijial tu acknowKii^'e him for his fove- 
 reit^n ; ami (i.at ihis prints, inaik a tieaty, whereby iie 
 !;ave the l'ortii;;iiele til.; privilege cl trading here, cx- 
 clulivc of (>tha nation-i, aiul allowed iheni to build a 
 fort. Hut Ir.i^ aeeouiit appeared a fable to the Sieur 
 Brue, bee.iUle the governor lould neither tell the time 
 when this happened, nor the names of the kings of 
 Portugal or ISillao, coneeiiied in this tranlae^tion, 
 nor e\en the date of the ertition of the fort. All 
 thefe rendered the [governor's account very doubtful, 
 .-.nd no way iiin.lered the Fieiuh commander from pur- 
 fuing his fehcine of fettling a trade here, fo as to ruin 
 that of the I'ortuguel'c ; as it happened foon after. 
 Thefe two geniltinen, however, Icejit a fair outward 
 correfoondencc, vifitini^each other, dining often to- 
 reih I, and making prefents. But notwithftanding 
 thefc civilities, the Portuguefe underftanding that the 
 Siei'r Brue was about to depart, fent him his fecretaiy 
 with a formal piotefl againli the French fettlcmcnt, in 
 the king of Portugal's name. The Sieur Brue re- 
 turned tills coni))liment by a counter-protelV, dated on 
 board the Ann in Bidiio road, April the i6th, 1700. 
 This paper war, however, no way hindered the two 
 chiefs from kccpin:» up a gond intelligence together, 
 and to agree to refer their dift'i.reiices to their fupe- 
 riors in Europe. 
 
 'I'he king of liillao being informed, that the Sieur 
 Brue was preparing to depart, and intended to de- 
 mand an audience of leave, came, April the 2Cti!, 
 with all his court, to vifit him in his new f.nftory. 
 The coinm.'.nder mit him at fmv.edifl:incc, and faluted 
 him with all the guns of his fleet, whicli was ordered as 
 clofe in ihorc as pollible, fhewing him all honours, 
 except fuch as might be made precedents of. The 
 king allied him, it he was fati^hcd with his fettle- 
 nieiit, otf'ering to change it, or augment it as he 
 pleafed. The commander exprefl'ed his thanks for the 
 kin^s favour, afluriiig him, that buth the company 
 and t.imflf nlied on his protrcfcai. He made the 
 king fome pnfents, particularly a cap of erimfon 
 velvet, cnihroidLred with gold, which his majefty im- 
 mediately put on. 
 
 Or. the 26ih of April, this year tlic Sieur Brue went 
 to take his leave of the king, vt'ho was then ;t his 
 c intry fear. He ordernl chairs for the commander 
 ail Lis company, beiie.iih a tree, near the gate of his 
 Tap.idc, or inclofure. He appeared I'oim it'cer, hav- 
 ing over his pagnc a fcarlet cloak, lineel with cnlico, 
 with a u;rey hat on his liead. Tlie Sieur Brue thanked 
 him fe)i"all his favours, prcfentiiig the Sieur Cart.iinp 
 iis chief tac.tor, and ihe fix others he left at IIiiLu', 
 dcfiring him to grant them his p' ■ tecHon. The king 
 replied, he might depart witj eontcnt, f ; td.it he 
 took them and the fai'i iry under his immcli.itc pro:;-c- 
 ticn, wilhing hv, a i;appy voyage, and defiriiig he 
 might hear from him often. 
 
 'riie f.meday I. king fent the g'.atci^ part of his 
 courtiers and hi wives, ■ compliment the coni- 
 iiiander, and cai \ him pruvifions for In voyage. 
 'J hey entcrtaimsi um v/ith a nance " tii king's 
 elrums ; and this 1. onarch, lo haughty to oiiier na- 
 tions, on all occ. ;t jS it is ('ain, (hewed .tic Sieur Brue 
 an unccmmon o«.grcc of rtfpecf, and complai- 
 f.incc. 
 
 The commander Icf; the faJlors a furgeon, two in- 
 terpreters, aiul fome I,a/ tots ; likcwife,- bark, a brii-- 
 antine and a (tout boat, with failors, pilots, and all 
 things necefl'ary. In the factory he put arms, ammu- 
 nition, and merchandifc for trade, with turi^pean 
 provili' 11-, leaving the Sieur Caitaing full inllrue- 
 tions how to protecJ. He paiticularly ga'.e him 
 charge todifcovcr the adjacent coafts, and in cafe the 
 Poituguefc fhould (|uit their fort, as was reported, 
 immediately to take poircflion of it, before the negros 
 could dcmolifll it. 
 
 He went to the fort to take his leave of the Portu- 
 guefe governor, on the I3ih of April, who, as be- 
 fore, received him at the outer gate, his 'arrifon be- 
 ing under arms and the di urns beating a match, and 
 w iitid on hliii to the llioic. 
 
 Notwithftanding the civilities of the governor of 
 Biffio, and his promifes of waiting thedecilioii of his 
 luperiorsjn Europe, heemployeil underhand, all pol- 
 lible artifices to engage the Sieur Brue to pay the 10 
 
 per cent, he claimed em all goods imported here. 
 
 I'he Portuguefe governor at Cacliao w rote to il;e 
 commander on that head, fliewing him it was a line 
 way to fell more gooels.in 15 days^ than he cfuild 
 otherwife do in a year. He was ofFeieel a conlideridde 
 abatement in the duty j and leprefented how much the 
 Sieur dc la Fonde had ^'ained by his trade, becaulc ho 
 made no fcrujile of paying thcle duties ; adding, thac 
 as his Portuguefe majelfy had given him a licenl'e to 
 trade with Itrangers, he wiflied the French wnuld 
 feize this favourable opportunity, before he ofi'ered it 
 to the Englifh and Dutch. '1 he commander replied, 
 that he would immediately acquaint the French com- 
 pany with his propofals, though it appeared both j)rc- 
 judicial to their intcreft, and fubverfive of their jiri- 
 vileges i that the Sieur de la FonJe's exi-mple was no 
 reafon why they fliould recede from their rights, be- 
 caulc he acled like a private trader, only for his own 
 benefit. 
 
 In the mean time, as the Portiigucfctradeiicrc was de- 
 clining fo as ni;t to be able to defray the cxpences of' a 
 governor ami gairifon, they withdrew their ftorc- 
 keeper, and the governor of Cnch.'.;i advifed the king 
 of Portugal tei abandon and raze ihcfort. The Sieur 
 Brue uave the French companv notice of this, who 
 wrote to ilie piefulent Rouillee, then .inihairadur at 
 the court of Portugal, and the Sieur Brue arriving at 
 Lifbon in 1703, they jointly endeavoured to enrage 
 the Portuguefe miniftry to fell the fort, but they chofe; 
 to demoliih it, which was executed in October the 
 lame year. 
 
 The convent was Francifcan, fometimc: piid'edid by 
 Cordeliers, fometimes by the Capuchins, and at 
 others by Kccollets, (all of that order.) The parifii 
 was gov rued by lecular priells fent here from St. 
 J..go. \\'licn thefe failed, which often happened, 
 the Francifcans lupplied tiieir place?. 'Fherc were 
 three on the fpot when the Sieur B:uc was here, but 
 altl-.ough they were zi.dous t.i exrcf--, yrt th.ey were 
 prcp.iring to retire from a field lo barien cf ]iri>l' Ivtes, 
 occafioned by tlic 'p.uI example of the whii^ . their 
 deb.iu-hcry and vices being (as the author lays) an 
 iniiih 'A: bar to the converfion of th' fe negros. 
 
 Ho, -L- er, they had the plrafiire t.) baptilt: a nct,ro 
 of lome diltinflion, wilt 'oo . 'tcr renounced his new 
 religion, and died . ' hout any figns r'.' repentane-e. 
 Hisiclations 'ought the body to be buried at the 
 church, hecaufe the deceafed had been baptif.-d ; but 
 the Recollcts, who were then curares, re fnfc.l to burv 
 it, on account of i le ap'flacv and final iirpciiitriicc 
 of the dcrcaled. This occafioned a tumult, ^\li:eli 
 was at bif appcafc-'. The friends buried the corpfe 
 in the church in fp'ic ■ / thcprieft, who f<-bere di- 
 vine fcrvice, look -1^ jn the chinch as preiphancel. 
 I'his fe\eie conduit, which wa;, judged ill-tinml, 
 drew on the fatl'e. ;hc public odium. I'he grandees 
 loaded then wk!i iroiirirs, and would have expelled 
 them the cr,i,.i>:', I-ut that they were under the pro- 
 tciifion of the King (■ Portugal. At laft the vilitor 
 (or vicar- gcner.d at Cachao) being inloinied of the 
 aft'iii, and farm;; ill confee)Ucnec; might attt; d it, 
 fen; apriefl loBilVao, with full powers to lettlc mat- 
 ters. 
 
 'I'he expedient he fell on was, to take up the bod" 
 fecrctly hv night, and inter it ilfewheie, alter w!iich 
 he re-confecrated the church with t'^e fame priv.cv. 
 But this Hep did not fit sly the .1* cillets ■, ii y pufi- 
 lifhej a tnanifelto to jullil'v their co»jii(it, and went 
 lo far as lo condemn all Chrillians, who kejit other 
 Chriflians, tiiough blacks, is flaves ; all'.i to thof^; 
 who fold Haves to the Englifti n Uutcli, with whom 
 
 the 
 
 Y 
 
 ...m. 
 
^ 111 
 
 lyoi.] 
 
 COASTS AND ISLANDS OF AFRICA. 
 
 455 
 
 pllfl- 
 wc-nt 
 ntlur 
 llioCe 
 vhom 
 t!, 
 
 f|«ry were fur« to enjoy mithcr religion nor liberty, 
 • ho' baptifcd. 'I'luy iiivii"hi.d iiito(io|Hna innniur, 
 taxing their countrymen witli hiiulciinj^, by their ir- 
 regularities, the progrds of tlie Rnniilh f.iith. Co- 
 pies of this paper they fcnt into Spain and I'ortnga!, 
 and carried ii with them to Maitiiiico, wliiihcr tli y 
 wercoblij^ed to fail in . fnip belonging to the Ircncii 
 company, in order to get a pall'age thcneeto Portugal, 
 haviiig I > ex.il'parated the negros and Purtuii;iii!c at 
 Bifl'ao, tliat it was not fafe lor thtm to Itay longer. 
 Their iManifeiVo was as Utile rclillied at iMaitinico, 
 the ^iu'eriior of which defired that they would keep 
 it to themlLlves, and not talk of thofe matters while 
 thcv (fayed in that ifland. 
 
 '/"he Sieur Hrue, when he undertook a voyngc to 
 Gc(ves, arrived there jufl at the time that Ciptain 
 Manuel Alvas, governor here for the king of Por- 
 tugal, died, tl: was a Chriltian nepfro, kniiiiit of tne 
 order of Clirill, and the molt generous pirfnii in the 
 country, a quality rare anionL',11 the negro-, liut wliieh 
 he carri \1 f ) far, tnat, belidts the kind reception he 
 gave all llrangers, no perfon left his houle without a 
 prcfi 111 of one or more ounces of gold, according to 
 his ijuahiy. 
 
 \Vhen lirft the Sieur Rrue landed r-t (lefve-, he 
 went to thelioiil'e of the diceilid, to pay his compli- 
 ments of condolance to the widovv and children. As 
 foon as his ri':inu.- .i,ipcared, they gave a figiial to (tie 
 moiiiiurs, si.io iicgan tlieir lainentation.s, as it the 
 perfon wa.sjull diad. 
 
 I'lie 1*1/1 iai;ucl'e and negros ufc m'lch ih.' fame ce- 
 remony on the V. atli of the chief perfon of a family. 
 It is hard to tell v.'lilch lias borrowed from the other. 
 As foon as a pi incipal pel Inn dies, all the women in 
 the neighbourhood air. rnble J and ..hen the number is 
 not futficient, tJKy lend to him others. Thefc wo- 
 men altjiid the widow or children of the deceafed ; 
 and, when any (tran.;;^r comes, begin their lamen- 
 tations in a mouinlul t.ine, weeping in cadence, and 
 fllewing an atflidion beyond all coniolalion, to tliofc 
 who do not know that it is ail grimace. At the end 
 of each crving fccne, thele mourners are I'erved with 
 brandy, and palm-wme, uiiieh they drink as cUear- 
 fully as if thev had been laughing all day. Thus 
 they divert tliemfelves till a new coiiipany arrives, and 
 then the foriow begins ag.iin. 
 
 i'ne childieii of Captain Manuel in deep mourn- 
 ing, atten.!.-d by their lelations, fat on mats. Afttr 
 the Sieur Hrue had made his complimeiiis, he fat 
 down h: thiiii, and ibi .i Ahile ih.re was a profound 
 filence. Alter ibis, ))alm-wiiie was I'erved up, and 
 after drinking a few cups, the coiiverlation turned on 
 news, wliile the mourners, who were in another 
 room with the widow, cried their bed, drinking in 
 tbt iiitei'. al, and ri pealing the great aelions of the 
 deceafed. Tl.e Sieur Hrue role, alter allilling an 
 ham at this doleful ceremony. The lelaiions waitid 
 on hull to the door, but the children fat Hill on theii 
 mats i the ■.. 'i.-nionial eulloms fcjrbiddiii'.; them to rife 
 or quit their inuurnlul poliure, lying lialt Ihetched, 
 their h-'sds reclined on tluir arms, c.\e'. pt when they 
 drajik. 
 
 'J'ms c.Temony is obferved and renewed at every new 
 vilit, .Hid when miKh company comes, tluy are obliged 
 to drink freely in oidor to cry heartily. Tne Sieur 
 Bnie was invit.d lu the burial of Ca'piain Manuel, at 
 which all the Purl'igueff aflilK-d, in long cloaks, 
 iviili their long f.vor.ls, and poinards, as already di 
 Icribtd. Hefoie the deceafed governor's houle were 
 eight Ikld pieces or car.iages, which were tired as the 
 j/rociluon fct out ; n gun tired from time to time as it 
 p.ifieJ, and a w'.iole dil'charge m.ule when the e 
 inonv was over, when the company returned U ..ic 
 .'"ouic, anil were tr.ated with palm-wine and bi i idy, 
 after which thev retired. 
 
 This captain Manuel always kept an apartme ' for 
 
 the French faeb' s who eair. ■ to G elves j but the 
 
 itale of his family did not piTinit the Sieur I'rue 
 
 to expect fueh an offer. A I'ortngueic officer, 
 
 ailed Don l'r.;iicifco Cullto, fenl to intreat he 
 
 >■ 
 
 would accept a lodging joining to his houfe. The 
 Sieur Hrue embraced tlie oltlii hut thought it firll 
 proper to vifit his holt. Comintr near the houle, he 
 was furprifcd to hear a man, who bawled as loud as 
 iis Iheiigth would perniiv. If any other voice had 
 been joined, the commander would have thought 
 l-ime peifon was dying here. Filtering, he found a 
 tall lean man lying in a hammnck, who was making 
 a forced penance lor the tins m his youth. His wile, 
 who was a negro, was poliie, hamUomi', and very 
 agreeable in coiiverlation. She h.id litieU up, in the 
 belt manner (he could, the apartment di ligncd for the 
 
 :jieur Hrue J (he h.id (et hammocks up, thaiu, 
 
 mats, a table, wood, and water, and priuleiitly left 
 his own fervants to drcfs his luppcr. Luckily he hail 
 brought with him provihons and linen, VNaneh are 
 I'-areely pollible to be bad here. It requires a euod deal 
 of trouliL and I'earch to get a goat or a fos\l. The 
 Portugucle, though fo long lettied in a fertile coun- 
 trv, fo ealily impiovcable, yet waiu iveii liic neceC- 
 I'liies of life, \i\ ing like the negros, or rather worli.'. 
 This general want of provilions ktcps them very tem- 
 perate, their common food being the flefn of river 
 horl'es, a meat wlii^h indeed has the look of beef, but 
 a wild lilhy lalte. They feldom have any wine but 
 that of the palm, or any fpirits but rum j which is 
 lb ftrong, a» well as of fo difagreeable talle and fla- 
 vour, that, in the Leeward Illes, none but the negros, 
 or common people will drink it. 
 
 Hunting might eafily fupply their want of domcftic 
 animals and poultry, the country abounding with 
 monkeys, antelopes, deer, and other game, as well as 
 birds of all kinds in plenty ; but this exercile is too 
 violent for the p.ople, who prefer fitting (till and 
 doing nothing to all other pleafures. The Flamingo 
 birds are here in great numbers, and arc fo refpcclcd 
 by ihe Alandingo natives of a village half a league 
 from Gel'ves J that they flock in thoulands. Thele 
 birds ..re of the lize of a Turkey h n, with long legs : 
 their plumage ij of a bright red, w iili fome black fc.t- 
 thers internii.xed. Thvy arc but iiKliliuent meat, un- 
 lel's one is accuflomed to it ; their fleili tailing both 
 oily and fifliy. They make a noiie that may be hearil 
 a quarter of a league. The French killed fome few, 
 who had ventured out of their afylum; but were 
 forced to hide them in tlie gral., fur liar of the ne- 
 gros, who would not have failed to have revenged, the 
 ileath of their confecratcd bill! . On fevcral places 
 of this coalt, cfpecially at Cielves, are foend a fort of 
 water birds, of the goofe or duck kind, called Spatula 
 birds, from the end of their I ills, relembling th..t in- 
 Itrurncnt of furgcry. Their fle(h is better 'ban that 
 of the Flamingo. 
 
 The Rio Giandc lies ten or twelve leagues to the 
 Ibuth of Gel'ves. There arc between them two Imall 
 rivers, not much frequented. According to the wais 
 which thcfe people have with each other, and their 
 fucccU'es, the llave trade hero is bettej or worfe. 
 There is alfo fome trade for ivijry, wax, and gold. 
 
 In going up ih ■ Rio Grande, about eighty leagues 
 above the moulh, theie lies a nation of negros who 
 love !iade, called Nalus. Here is to be had a great 
 deal ol ivory, rice, maife, <iiid fla\cs. Sixteen leagues 
 from the Rio Grande, to the I'outh, lies KioNon; ue, 
 where there is an annual tr.\de for 3CO quintals of 
 ivory, at eight or ten bars the quintal, and about icO 
 flaves, from to to 15 bars a he.ad. Rice is here ex- 
 cellent and cheap. Sugar canes and imiigo grow na- 
 turally. They ufc this trade from the inomh of 
 }.'arch to Augull, in order to have the advanta.-^c of 
 the fouth wiii.ls, as tliey return. 
 
 The country near Nongiie produces a (alt which the 
 Pv-rtugucfe highly titecm, as an excellent countcr- 
 oil'un. Its virtues (as they fay) were (!ifco\ercd by 
 an elephant. The negros, who liunt thefe animals 
 he.c, flioot them with poifoncd arrows, and when the 
 bc;.lt falls, they cut out the place tlie arrov\'s ftruck, 
 Knd after difembuwelling the body, eat the flefls. An 
 elephant being wiiunded thus, the negros were fur- 
 prifcd to Ice him walk on and feed, without difcover- 
 
 ing 
 
456 
 
 VOYAGES TO T H t 
 
 [tyey 
 
 iiig any mnrlcs of pain from his wounds. They knew 
 not wliat to make o( this proilii:;)', when one of tlicm 
 oblorvcd tliat the elephant went w the river's fide and 
 took lip fiuncthiiii; in his trunk, which he cat. They 
 iinintdiately wint to (ce wh.it it was, and found it a 
 vhitc fait, tailing (unuthin^ like alum. Upon this 
 they WQundcii another elephant, and ohferved that he 
 cuicd hinifcil m the tame manner. The Portugucfe, 
 wlio aril always on their guard againll poifon, made 
 f veral triiU of this fait, and found it to be the moll 
 I'rt'edual and univcrfal counter-poifon yet difcovered. 
 ^\ hcther the poifon be received inwardly or outward- 
 Iv, a draehm of this fait diU'olvtd in warm water is af- 
 Icrtcd to be u fpecific cure. 
 
 There are five rivers between thofe of Nongue and 
 Sierra Leon.i, viz. of Puughe, Tafali, Samos, and 
 Cafiares. 'I'he people inhabitini; this coail, are the 
 /apc2, the Fulis. the Coholis, and the Nalus. The 
 
 Zapcz arc divided into four triben. All other n 
 
 : 
 
 tions arc idolatcri, and yet acknowledge one Supreme 
 Being, though without paying him any divine wor- 
 fliip, on account of his goodncfs. Tlicy are very 
 (kilful in poifoning their arrows, fo that a fiinplo 
 fcratch of them is often mortal in half an hour. They 
 undcriland countcr-poifons and fell them. The chief 
 trade here is for ivory, and a certain fruit called co- 
 los, which arc much ufcd by the Portuguefe to relKh 
 their water, as hath been before obferved. 
 
 The Knglilh have a fmall fort on the river of Sier- 
 ra Lcona from whence they trade up the country, 
 even as far as the Fulis, to the Eaft, from whom they 
 get flaves, ivory, and even a good deal of gold ) but 
 it is not known where the laft is produced, or from 
 whence^ it comes. This river limits the conccinon 
 to the French Scnejja company, to the fouth. 
 
 VOYAGE FOR THE DISCOVERY op the LAKE of CAYOR, in 171 4. 
 
 TFTE Like of Cayor, is about fifteen leagues from 
 St. Louis. It is partly formed by the inunda- 
 tions ol the nver, to the north of which it lies ; but 
 when the floods abate, a great part of it remains dry, 
 and then the Moors and Negros, who inhabit the 
 banks, plant their millet and rice, which thrive won- 
 derfully in thei'e grounds, enriched with the flime of 
 the river. This Kike has not been much frequented 
 by the French, at leall for forty or forty-five years 
 part ; fo that little can be faiil of it, but from the re- 
 port of the Moors and Negros, whofe authority is 
 not wholly to be relied on. They fay, it is of fo great 
 an extent, that thofcwho fail in it are forced to make 
 ufe of the coriipafs. Although this particular may ad- 
 mit ofcnntrovcrfy, yet it is agried to be much larger 
 than th:it ui' Tanicr F uli. Formerly a profitable trade 
 was carried on here. The country round it is inha- 
 bited by the Moors, and the Negros, fubjcut lo the 
 Sir;, tie. 
 
 T he dilFerent changes in the oompany having oc- 
 cafioncd the lofs of this trade, the Sicur Chambon- 
 iieaii, director in l6gj, intended to revive it, and for 
 th.it end fenl out a hark, willt a failor and goods. 
 Tliis officer entered the lake, not vithout difficulty, 
 the tntranrc being obllnisiled with reeds, fo ftrong in 
 fome places, as to render a p.ifilige impofliblc. Fiav- 
 ing (urmountcd thefe cbftacles, ami entered the lake, 
 he took a fuddcn fright on feeing a body of Moors 
 armed on Hiore, at a village where he intended to 
 anchor ; fo that he returned as he came, and gave 
 fuch terrible reports, that the dircflor could find no 
 pcrfons willing to undertake the voyage a fecond 
 time. 
 
 The Sicur I5ruc coming into thcdircftion in 1697, 
 rcfolved to attempt the renewal of this trade; but 
 his affairs did not permit nim to do it till Oiftobcr 
 16(59, when he feiit a bark, well armed, under a 
 fkilful fac'or, with a proper cari;o, and prefents for the 
 chief Moors. He h;id the precaution to engage pre- 
 vioufly in the company's interrll, the chief Marbuts, 
 or piieds, who had proiniled to eng.ngc the chiefs of 
 their nation to conclude a treaty of commerce. This 
 bark arrived fafely in the river of Cayor, which is a 
 naiur. 1 canal, by which the waters of the lake com- 
 municate with til'- Scnag.'i, and thofe of the Senaga, 
 in its overflowing, enter the lake, vvhere there is a 
 trade for millet, peafc, and other pulfe. A little 
 above this village, the river hef^ins to be obflrutlcd by 
 laige woods and hulruflics, which lie fo thick, and 
 are fo firongi tiiat the bark was flopped, though file 
 
 had a frcfh gale, and the waters were at their height. 
 The faiftor, who was accompanied by feveral canoc.t 
 of the village of Grainc, went in one of them to ex- 
 amine the breadth of the river, and fcek a paflage, but 
 his little boat was foon prevented by thefe reeds, 
 which in fome places rofe two fathoms above the fur- 
 face of the water, fo that he was forced to return, and 
 tow his bark down the river. In 1774, theSieurBrue 
 went on thedifcovery in pcrfon. 
 
 The rainy feafon h;id fct in late this year, and as 
 the rains had been greater than ufual, the floods 
 were proportionately fo, which gave the commander 
 hopes he fhould have water enough to enter the 
 lake, and examine it, as well as to make a treaty 
 with the natives. At worll he rcfolved, if difap- 
 pointcd, to vifit the fcttlements on the Ser :ga, and 
 renew his fiiendfhip with the pricfts of thofe parts. 
 
 'Fhc Sieur Bruc left F'ort Louis the beginning of 
 November, and the fame evening arrived at Hncfar, 
 fifteen leagues dillant. I'his place is an afl'cmblago 
 of different villages, built on a great plain on the 
 bank of the Senaga. The negros here keep great flocks 
 of cattle, and live more at their cafe than their neigh- 
 bours the whites; yet thef; latter, being fomewhat 
 cleanly, cannot be reconciled to the negro way of 
 milking ; fo that when they go to a coral, or a herd, 
 they carry their own veffels, by which means they 
 are fure of good milk, that of the negros fouring al- 
 moft as focn as it is in their veffels, becaufc lluy never 
 wafh or rinfe them, from a notion, that the old milk 
 remaining at the bottom, helps the new to cream. 
 Some im.igine the milk is fweeterand riclicr here than 
 in Europe. What is extr.iordiiiary, their cows give 
 no milk after they lofe their calves, fo that they kill 
 but few here, in order not to lofe the milk. They 
 make pretty good checfe ; but their butter will not 
 keep, which obliges them to fait it. 
 
 'Fheir cattle here, ;.nd from hence to the fca, arc 
 fmall ; but as one goes higher up the river, they grow 
 larger. At night they faftcn them by the hind feet 
 Haines circularly placed round the inclofurc, and in the 
 midfl they place thtir calves, fticep, and goats. 
 Their cattle here are much infcfted with certain 
 birds, which faffen on their backs, and if no care be 
 taken, eat their way to the bone. He made no flay 
 here, but was towed up as far'as the Ifle of Palm Trees. 
 A little higher, on the north fide of the Senega, is 
 the Marigot, or river of Cayor. It is fifteen leagues 
 long, lying nearly north and fouth ; its conflux wiili 
 th« Senaga is about eight fathoms biuad, and on the 
 (l fourth 
 
roi.j 
 
 C O A S T S A f7 t> I S i. A V D S OF A I" R I C A 
 
 ♦H 
 
 fcurth of Kovember, hnd four fathom water ) but the 
 flood* were fallen more than the comman<ler cxpcdkil, 
 conMering the feafon ; yet ihii did not hinder him 
 from purfuine hisvoynge. The fartlier he advancnl, 
 be ohlerved the Marigot grew broader and ftjnllowri. 
 Hereupon he was conllrained to anchor near the vil- 
 lage of Oraine, or Ingrin, ahout three lespiics from 
 the Scnaga to the well, and on the left banit of thr 
 river Ciyor. 
 
 This villam' belongs to Riquet, one of the gran- 
 docs of the "kingdom of Moval, and nl.itcd to tlio 
 Itr^ik. Althouch this i) not bin principal Um, yvt hv 
 kcips wives ana fervants here, that when In' mmc^ 
 tic may not want attendants. He was time as the 
 Sieiir Bruc paflld by, and prefcnted him a (l.ivc. The 
 commander went alhore with him, and (hot fomc 
 Pintadobirds. He found the country pltafiinr, will 
 improved, and free from gnats, whieli inftll iill the 
 marlhy and low ground. They faw here a great de»l 
 of rice and maize in the low grounds, near the river 
 fidf, and many pompions, for fo the ncgros rail wa- 
 ter-melons, which in 3p;iin they call parteques. Thi 
 French and Spmifh melon, that is the red and green 
 forts, come to p?rfti.1ion here. The negroes fave 
 the feed of thefc melons, and cat them after roafting 
 them in a pan full of hnlcs. 
 
 That night the .Sicur Bruc lay on ho.ird, and next 
 day Riquet paid him a fecond viftt, with his wife, 
 who prcfentcd him a fat ox. This lady w.".s well 
 fhaped, handfame, and had teeth fiirprilin^ly wliiie. 
 The Sicur Brue aflcing how fhi; prcferved them lo 
 well, fhe replied, by rubbing tlicm with a cert:\in 
 «ooc(, of which Ihe prefcnted him a piece, and fent 
 him more. It is called Ghelele, and grows by the 
 river-fide, much refembling our ofiers. The t;iltc is 
 bitter. Riquet, her hufband, appeared to be about 
 feventy-five, but ftrong and healthy, hrtd a martiiil 
 air, and a great deal of vivacity in his eyes. He had 
 (tiftinguifhed himfelf greatly in the wars between the 
 negros and the Marbut Moors, having defeated the 
 troops of the king of Morocco, in fcvcral ren- 
 counters. 
 
 After this vifit, the commander weighed anchor, 
 and failed four leagues higher, to the village of Q^ieda, 
 On the right-fide of the river, and fubjert to the Sira- 
 tick emperor of the Fulis, whofe dominions this river 
 and the lake of Cayor feparate from thole of the Ja- 
 lofs, or the Brak. The river grew very narrow here, 
 .md the water vifibly fcU. There is a deep ditch in 
 the Marigot, before the vilLigc of Qiieda, where large 
 veflcls may lie afloat all the year round ; buton goin^ 
 out, there is fcarce water enough in the dry fcafun for 
 the fm.illefl bark. 
 
 The chief of this vill.ige came, as ufual to compli- 
 ment the Sieiir Brue, and bring us prefcnts. On the 
 commander's confulting him as lO his voyage up the 
 river, he replied, that unlefs he could finifh it in 
 forty-eight liours, he muft defer it till the fcafon fol- 
 lowing, for the waters were never known to have 
 fallen fo fuddcnly before. 
 
 The next day, the commander received a vifit from 
 the chief, or grandee of Cayor, who eon In med whit 
 the former lord had told him, .'.nd rxprciVed a concern 
 that he could not have an opportunity of entertaining 
 him at his vilhigc, on account of the fliallownefs of 
 the river. He i:(i'ured the Siiur Brue, that if his b.irks 
 came in the end of July or Augufr, they might find 
 a free pifl'agr, (for th^it the tups of tlie reeds would be 
 then covered) as well ns a very nJv.nitageoiis trade 
 with the natives, who would he well plcafcd to fave 
 the trouble of carrying their goods over land to Ar- 
 pu'n, Portendle, or the factories on tlie Senaga. He 
 added, that if the cnmn-.andi!r would llaytwo or three 
 days at (^tieda, he would finni'li him with maife and 
 beans fufficient to load his bark. The commander 
 accepted this offer ; and found him as good as his 
 word. 
 
 The fame day, a ATooriili gr.mdee, accompanied 
 by two others, and fevcral nttfndnnts, came on hoard. 
 Thefc gentlemen were very tawny, th.v were bare- 
 
 headed, and thtir hair was fr!»/.Kd a' the lop, rwi 
 twifttd hehind. Thf-y had luu;.' Iwuris v.rji !jii»k 
 mufl.K'lio$ : their drcis was like the nrgidS) but iliMr 
 cotton cloths, or p;igr.is, wire ):iii, (l"(e fcnuii, 
 and of a fine flinjing p!oll\ bl.ick. 1 hi y were nil < 
 thcr tall nor fat, bur looked well, .-■nil fuincd urf 
 polite. Ihe piiiuip.d n.ade a coinplimelit t" liii* 
 commander, and preknted linn with two of iHe l.ir^clt 
 oxen that cc;ulit be feen ■, lut ihi y were low ild, il^ ii lie 
 was forced to have them killi-d lo preveiu iii!icl;iif 
 The gift> of the two other Mim.i, wiie- lo'iie fine 
 pagncs. Me did nut fail lo return their pnuijt'', and 
 kept them to dinrer along with limie if the iiigro 
 lordy, who diank luiiiidv liiily. Tlv Moors were 
 more fciupulous, .md di^mk only lijdmnHl, 'I"hi Ii; 
 Moors had fine li.iibuv hoiks, whiJi lhe\ v.iliiiil at 
 I5eiptives, or 450 lines, 'f'hc next d.jy by fun - 
 rif-, theie arrived nlove 5C0 Moors and n'gru n;er- 
 chants, \v ith liiaife, rice, and be.nis in fkins, loaded 
 on canieh, hoili-, caiiiagi-horfes, and afles. 
 
 The cliiefs of t^i d.i and t'i)or fixed ti.e pi ice of 
 the maiki't. Their mcafuro is a mat.is, or cube, con- 
 taining about a Paris iiiinnt, The trade was tnuifacl'id 
 on board the bark, ('utt'eviiig only a few to enter at a 
 time, to prevent romiifion. The eariieftnefs of tljefe 
 l«.-ople to get good«, was fo groat, that fomc fell into 
 the water, and the clamour was very much ; yet th.-re 
 was no difordcr. 
 
 TheSldir Bruebo.i^ht here 80 hojjfluads of maife, 
 rice and bean«, I 'r th-- value of i' o Irai.ks, lelidcs 
 (lime ivory, ollrieh feathers, and f..ine pounds of am- 
 bergreafe j and yet he wa> obliged lor want of room, 
 to fend back near 400 nierchants. Duiinghis ftay 
 here, an accident happened, which retarded hiii 
 voyage lor fonie hours. This was the fiidden death of 
 a principal man of the village. Scarce had a woman 
 lit her head out of the door, and given a cry, when 
 the wholf town w.is in as great an uproar, as if irl 
 France all the bells had been fet ringing. In a mo- 
 ment terrible (hrieks were heard on all fides j the wo- 
 men come running out, nnd w ithout knowing more 
 of the matter, fella taring themfelves, and fcreaminir 
 as if they had loft all their relations. But when tt 
 came to be known who the dead pcrfon was, tliey all 
 ran to the hut of the deccafed, and made a noilc al- 
 moft as loud as thunder. After fome hours, the chief 
 marbut .nrrived, waflied the be>dy, put on his bed 
 cloaths, and laid him on his bed, with his weapon* 
 by his fide. The relations then entered one alter the 
 other, took the deceafed by the hand, afking fevcral 
 ridiculous qucftions. 'I'hen they concluded with ten- 
 ders of their lervices, and finding the dead made no 
 ani'wer to thefc civilities, they retired, faying, wiih 
 great gravity, " He is dead." In the mean time hii 
 wives and children, leaving to others the care of hit 
 funeral, killed his oxen, and fold his iiurchandife j it 
 bi-ing eneiuial, on ihi fe oeTi'fiins, to make folger, 
 that is, to feaft and lejoice after the body is in- 
 terred. 
 
 The proeedlon was led by the gncriots, with their 
 drums, and the men armed with ;dl tlu ir weapi n^j 
 folluwed filcntly ; next came the body, carried by two 
 men, and uirrounded by ^.11 the iii.irbuts they coi,ld 
 aflemblc. The women followeil, roaring, and tear- 
 ing themfelves like bedlrniites. When the body is in* 
 terred in thehcufe cf the deccafed, which is a privi- 
 Icdgc granted to their king's and siandec>, they make 
 a fhort prnci-llion round the village, and wiv.-n tl.oy 
 come to the place where thegra\e is dug, the chief 
 marbut approaches the body, and whilpeis in tlieiar, 
 while four men h<dd up cotron cloths about it, fo a» 
 to hide it from the view of the Ipectators. The bear- 
 ers then puts it in the grav<', covering it with earth and 
 ftoncs to prevent the wild bealK trom getting ^t it. 
 The marbut next fixes rh- arms of the deceakd on a 
 pole, at the head of the grave, with a pot full of 
 kukos, and another of water, which is to fervc bun 
 lor a \ear. This done, thole who held up the cotton 
 cloths let them fall ; and, at this fignal, the women 
 recomnienicd their lamentations, till the ^Idefl or 
 B chief 
 
.^-^ 
 
 458 
 
 V O Y A G E S T O TH E 
 
 [1701. 
 
 iliicf marliut, nnli-rs llic |>ucriut« to beat n march to 
 return to tin- villaj;r. 'I"h« tiuimcnt the gruf ■ •fr', 
 und tlicy t.ill (u tlie fiaft at it nothing wlutevcr hail 
 hap|H-iH-.'. 
 
 in hiine places thcyili;^ a trench rou nil the grave, 
 
 , ami |)I:int a thorn lial;.;e lor iti better fccurity •, for 
 
 WJnt III this prcraiitii n thcbiHJv is oltrii routed up by 
 
 wild b.alU II) a ni^htor two. In other pbiecs the t'u- 
 
 neral ritf Ufti 1 v«n or eight dayi i and if it be a 
 boy, hib compaiiioiit luii ubout the villa|;e with Ihtir, 
 I'ubres in thiit b.indi>, ;in if thiy wcr« in fcarch tor 
 liini, ilafliing their wc.ipcMis an they meet. 
 
 Tile Krench coinniandvi had muck difficulty, tho' 
 his birlr. wai fo (hull, to uet back into thr bmaga, 
 und Iroiii thenci' he ictunieiTtu St. Louis, and thui 
 ended llie expedition, ... 
 
 A VOYAGE FOK TUF, DISCOVERY of the KINGDOM of BAMBUK, 
 
 AND ITS GOLD MINES. - 
 
 ' '. 
 
 1 
 
 THE Sleiir Hruc was thcfirft of the French com- 
 pany'ii direetiirs, who had advanced their af- 
 fairs fo much as to be able todileMvcr fmm whence the 
 gold came, which was broujiht down the Senaea, 
 and carried to lln; En^lilh at (iambra, of which lie 
 h.iil fecn iiu iiitiiie., of 4:^:^ marks arrive thither at a 
 time. It was in proleculion of this ;;rand defign, that 
 he made the voyage to the kingdom of Ciulam, and 
 refolvcd to f>tllr one or iiinie faetiries there ; ill ordci 
 to advance bv 'I ,;"e', and with prudence, towards 
 the country or iijinbuk, which may be julHy called 
 a Land of Ci'iKl, with which even fomc of its ri- 
 vers abounds. 
 
 This entcrprile was not very eafy 1 for fuch of the 
 Mandig.is , inhabiting; (lalani, as well as of the 
 Saracale/., natives of that country, who traded to 
 Bambulc, knew their own intertll too well, to intro- 
 duce ftranger.i, who would (irll (hare the profits of fo 
 advaji a<j< oils a commerce, and perhaps, when once 
 citabiiiii.u, ennuly exclude them. I'hey were willing 
 to ' .iJe with tlv: Kiciich in tlitir own country, but by 
 no means jncl'ncd tn admit them partakers in tticir 
 trade to Uan-.bu*., and the countries on the coad. As 
 thcv were vci y jeahnis in 'his relpecl of the fubjecls of 
 the Sirati;, j^eir neighbours, though of the lame 
 colour an;i religion, it was eafy to imagine, they 
 would be much more afraid of Europeans, whom they 
 knew to be more cnterprifing, and eonfeijueiuly more 
 capable n\.\n any of carrying away this beiieliclal traf- 
 ficK. Ijefides the people ot IJamliuk were perfectly 
 well acquainted wit' the v.iUie of their country, and 
 by long expel ience fenfible how cariufl men of all 
 coinplexions were to procure the precious metal which 
 it produced, and of fubduing the countries where it 
 was lourid. 
 
 For this reafo.i, they fuffer none to enter their 
 country, on any account, rxcrpt a fmall number of 
 people, who bring them I'ncli mcell'aries as they have 
 not among ihemlelves; fo ill '.t, exeeptliigon thefcore 
 of commerce, no bod v can bci.iil df having fecn this 
 country. Thoie who have ;tien pted it, have paid 
 dear for their curiollty, and few or none have came 
 back tog've an account. 
 
 However, in order to enganc the company, who 
 were very cautious of throwin.; away their money, it 
 was neeeli'ary they fliould be aliureil that the gold, 
 with which the Seracoli/. and M.ihdingos fupplied the 
 Fuli"-, the F.nglilh, and tliel'rcii..h, really came from 
 Bambuk, and not farther off. Li a word, it was 
 farther nccclTary for liieii agei.ts to difcover the parti- 
 cular places where this metal was found, and the 
 great 4U..iit!tics they yielded ; as alfo to contrive 
 means to f ulc there, iiiid iii.ike ihemlelves mafters of 
 them, fo far, at Icail, as to caulc thofe trenfuics to 
 flow fol.ly through their own hands. A projeiSl both 
 ditiiculi and daiigeri.us to execute. 
 
 'I'here apjieai ed no method fo fuic to fucceed in their 
 Ungii, as fcttliti^ at Gulani j and the Sicur Brue 
 
 would have dune this In the year 1698, at a place near 
 Oramanct, where he had traced out u fort, and alfu 
 at thcilleof Caygnii, near the rock Felu, if he had 
 been at full lit)crty to ac't as he pleafed, and had had 
 the men and other nceell'arics for thcle fcttlcments, 
 elpccially the firft; but even then he would have 
 wanted the cunfeiit of the company ) who, although 
 he took care to fend them particular informations of 
 whatever related to the cxeiutioii of his projeift, yet 
 were fo long deliberating, that a linall reinforcement 
 of men and other necellaries for one fettlemcnt, did 
 not arrive ut the Scnaga till the middle of the year 
 1700. 
 
 The Sieur Hruc, however, endeavoured to cultivate 
 wiih care the trade of (lulani, as much as the fmall 
 fupplies of goods he had woul.l allow him. He had 
 crmltaiitly fent barks thither in the iVufon, and by prc- 
 fents, as well as promifes, he gained the friendfhip of 
 the princes and grandees of that country, that they 
 might afTilt him in making the fettlement lie intended, 
 and give him an opportunity ol (ending one of his 
 factors into JJambiik, to get a thorough information 
 concerning it. With this view h" had left at Drama- 
 net a lay Auguftinebn ther, who was called Apolli- 
 naife j a fuigeoii b\ profeflion, who had l<;rved the 
 company in that capacity for foiiie years before hi.s 
 taking that habit, and fince then hud re-ciitercd into 
 its fervice. 
 
 'I'he Mandingos eluded all the oflirrs he made to 
 engage them to guide him to Bambuk, fo iliat he was 
 obliged to be contented with examining caiclully the 
 kingdom of (julam, .^ind part of that of Ca|](>n, till 
 within four leagues below the fall of Govina, with- 
 out being able to go farther , the nej,ro: of the coun- 
 try retuling to let him proceed, on acccunt of a war 
 between them, which hirdred them froir. accoiiipunv- 
 ing him, or fiitFcringhim ti. pais, fie hid better fuc- 
 C'. h on (he fide of the rnir Faleine, rvhich Uc went 
 up as i-T as the ledge of locks, oppofite ti) Canary, 
 and engaged In the French interelt the loid of that 
 village, who has ever fince been a firm friend to the 
 nation. The Suur Brue had left Apollinuiic an af- 
 fortmcnt of (;oi.d» for trade, and ftrongly recom- 
 mended him to the chief marbut at Dramanct, who 
 li,ld taken charge of him, and promifed toprotciit him 
 with all his power. He was as good as his word, 
 granting him a lioufe, procuring him a laic for his 
 goods, and giving him all the information he w.-'s ca- 
 p.ibleof, as to the trade of the country. This w»s 
 all he could do during his ftay here, of which he gave 
 the company a clrcumffantial account in a memorial 
 he fent, dated October the 8th, 1699. The com- 
 pany fcnt back inflruc\ions, dcfiring farther intelli- 
 gence. 
 
 The good brother, judged it would be cafier fw 
 him to go back to France, and anfwcr the company's 
 guellions. He therefore left Gulam, and arrived at 
 roft St. LouLs, September 16, 1700. In Novcm- 
 
 1; 
 
ijroi.l 
 
 COASTS AND ISLANDS O !• A I' R I C A. 
 
 4W 
 
 r;ir 
 iv- 
 
 rial 
 
 b'T fdlloivliig, Iir f.iitiil for rr.iiicc, with letter, frmn 
 the Sieur liruc to the eimpjiiy, ucqu.iinhiig ihnn, 
 Thiit thi« religious, mciitcJ inuie iliiii any ot il« ol- 
 ficem, jiul advifin;; ihun, not (ill!) to reward him in 
 a diltinguilhed manner, but alio to enf^agc Imn to 
 continue in their I'ervicc, by (giving him fume honour- 
 able poll. 
 
 The Sleur Uruc, ati his ben already mtntionrd, 
 had traced out a liirt near Uiani.inrt, wliiih he vv.is 
 forced to (lertr Iniililiii", till he had thi' company's 
 ordris, and the ncccllary (ujiplics. I hele arriving 
 ill 17UO, ai hath bjcn obfcrvcu, he diCpatch'-d > iv of 
 bis uffiecrs to benln the foit ; but tins o(Hi.cr took 
 tile liberty totlian(;e the (ground niiikid out by the 
 commander, under pieteiiie of placing it nioieiom- 
 inoilioully fur loadini; and unloading the barks, built 
 it 16 near the river, tli.it it was can led away tlie next 
 year by the floods, with a cimfiderable lofs of the 
 company's etfoifs. 'I'his ililappointnient was very 
 vexitious to the Sieur Hrur, becaule it broke all his 
 nu-afiires. He balUned to remedy it, and gave or- 
 ders to build a place for the licuiity of the goods lent 
 to keep up the trade, which became every ilay more 
 and more conli.lernblc. Kor this piirpoll', havini; 
 pitched nn a Hip of land, more elevated than that the 
 former fort was built on, they railed hut, and cn- 
 clofed them with a tapada well tcrraflVd Ivhind j 
 where they mounted a few gun-, till the Sieui Bruc 
 arrived, and made a more legulai fcttkmrnt : but he 
 was called to France by the company the I2tli of 
 April, 1703. 
 
 The river Kelame, according to the Mandingo 
 nierchanis, fepi rates Irom the Senajja a little above 
 llaracottra, a village where the Lnglilh from the 
 (janibra arc often feen, or, at Icafl, free negros and 
 Portugiiefe, who ferve them as Ciromcttos, that is, 
 mefllmgers or fadlors. They get thither by the river 
 Gambra, which is a branch of the Senaga, but not 
 navigable above Ikracottra. 
 
 His fudden return to France hindered him from 
 making the intended fcttlement at Canara, which 
 proved fatal to that of Dramanct : for the Mandingo 
 Marbuts foon repented of having admitted the French ; 
 and rinding the commander had left the country, they 
 thought thenifelvcs no longer bound by the perpetual 
 alliance which bad been made with bim. Whether 
 this rhange was wrought by finding fome diminution 
 in their trade, or that they were gained by the F.ng- 
 )i(h, who concluded, that if the French piidicd their 
 dilioverics and fettlcmcnts on that fide, they would 
 become abfolute maftcrs of the traffick with the ne- 
 gros and the gold trade : however it was, the Mlr- 
 buts gave credit to the Ciuinea and other merchants 
 of the Caravans, who rcprefented the F'rench as 
 dangerous people, inlinuating tliemfelves by pro- 
 mifes and prefents i but that beinj once fcttletl, they 
 would fake ofF the mafk, and reduce the natives to a 
 Itate of flavcry. What prejudiced them the moft, was 
 a l.tt r, pretended to come from Sally, which con- 
 firmed the report, that the French were to be joined 
 by an army of Moors from Morocco, who were to 
 con<iuer the country, carry all thofe able to bear arms 
 into (lavery, and oblige the relt to work in the 
 mines. 
 
 On this fort St. Jofcph was befiegcd by agreat mul- 
 titude, before the officers, who commanded there, had 
 the Icaft notice of the dcAgn. Unluckily at this very 
 lime, he had pulled down part of his inclof\ire, in 
 order to enlarge it, and had been forced to difmount 
 the c.innon of the fort; which lay open almoft on 
 cvcrv fide, cxpofed to the poifoned arrows which the 
 negros poured into it, without intermiflion, both day 
 and night. The faiifors and others, employed by the 
 company, made a brave defence for fcveral days, and 
 killed numbers of the enemy : but their lodes rather 
 exafperated than dlfcoura^ed them ; and they advan- 
 ced in the night with fafcines, preding continually to 
 burn the fort. They did not fuccccd, nor had the 
 F'lench one man killed or wounded : but as they 
 were tired put with being continually under arms, 
 
 and bo'h amiiiunition and prmifions began <<i 1.11 f 
 ' lie connnaivici w.n oblij'il ''. niak^ Com- propi du t.i 
 the bdie;;cr«. i iief , ir.i';;. I h; t.i'' 1 >: , 01 lural 
 of ihoM chill* and ri lati m , would iiarkt.i t ) i.i 'thing, 
 fo that be w.is louid in the ni"lii, in get on boarl a 
 birk, wliiililiy un.l.i ,h. fuir, and aU^i having got 
 the ammunition, and all the biK of the gond^ oil 
 b'liiiJ, ".'t (ire to the reft the 2j.i ol Dedinbir, 1712, 
 .mil thus lull iheriLh ti;i,li. of this country fur five or 
 lix years. 
 
 The negros did not quit tliem yet, but follnwcJ 
 tlii'in along the river, in hop s tlicy fliouiil be obliged 
 tolail ne.ir the bank in 1. ii-e places, for want ot wa- 
 ter in ihe mh'i!lL j but the Frencli choli L.tinr to 
 ilil'mad the b::rk, ;iiil cut ilo^.n t.eii «ith r'v .'ick, 
 than expofc thenifelvcs to th it danger. Notwith- 
 K.iiidin^^^ thefe precaution', they were forced to come 
 almoft within reach of then arro , ; ^ often a> hey 
 met with shoals or l.md banks ; .iiid they continued 
 ill this enibairal'b, till they got within the doniini.,ns 
 of the Sir.itic. 
 
 Alter this 'I"" atJ.iirs of the company were fa per- 
 plexed, that noiliin.', was done towaiils rciloring tort 
 St. Jof. ph, till 171', when the Sicur MiiHelli -V, tirll 
 ■ lircttor of the fifth, or Rouen company, and igth 
 director and commander of the Conceflion of Sen;in:a, 
 and the Coafts of Africa, arrived at fort St. Louis, 
 111 May 1710. H.- next year fet out rm that dcfign, 
 but died the 15th of Aii^ull at '/"u. b), on the sena- 
 ga, bifore he arrived at Dramanct. The Sicur Richc- 
 biiurg, (lovernor of Goicc, fuccccdtd him ; and tho' 
 he enjoyed that poft but twenty mimths, (bavin;- been 
 loll on the bar of the Senega the fccoiiJ of May, 
 1713) yet he livcil to fettle a fortified l.:6>ory in the 
 kingdom of (ialam j not at Dramanct, where he 
 ought to have fixed it, but at Mancanet, a league 
 owcr. He might have avoided giving umbrage to 
 the Mandinos of Dramanct, by driving no great 
 trade till he had fortified the place tiled ually. For 
 thefe people, though eafily alarniid on the aitiele uf 
 commerce, arc yet honcHcr men, thougli more pow- 
 erful than the Saracolcz. However, the fituation of 
 Mancanet is very agreeable, the air good, the an- 
 chorage of barks at the foot of the littU' eminence, on 
 which the fort ftands, is very feciuc, and deteiidal 
 both by the artillery a.nd mufquetry. 
 
 The Sieur Bruc returnin;.; to fort St. Louis, in 
 April 1714, fet about cftablifhine the commerce of 
 (lalam. He caufed the fort ot Mincanet to ho 
 finifhed, which h.ail the name of St. JolVph j and at 
 the fame time had that at Canara c'.rried on and 
 conipleatcd, which was called St. I'et. r's F'ort. 
 
 Thefe beginnings gave room to hope for a happy 
 ilTue : but tliey were partly ineft'cclual, becaufc they 
 could do nothing in thefe faiflories, but receive and 
 fell the goods they brought, without being able to 
 reap thofe advantages from the riches of the country, 
 which might be obtained by feeking them on the 
 fpot ; the fureft way of carrying on a profitidile trade, 
 and preventing others from fliaring in it. Hut as 
 for this end, it was neccflary prcvioufly to have a 
 pcrfcift knowledge of the country and its mines, as 
 hath been already obferved, the Sieur Brue propofcd 
 the attempting this difcovery to (evcral of his faifors, 
 adding very advantageous offers to encourage them 
 to undertake it. Several promifcd him, but were as 
 ready to break their word, when they came to undcr- 
 ftand the dangers and hazards of any whites entering 
 the country of Bambuk ; where the jcaloufy of the 
 negros, with regard to ftrangers, was fo great, and 
 their ftridliiefs in guarding the avenues fo extraor- 
 dinary. 
 
 The Sicur Compaynon alone (at prcfent maftcr- 
 mafon and undertaker at Paris) ^^as daring enough 
 to rifk fo perilous a journey. He was furni(h;d with 
 merchandizes proper for tfie country as well as pre- 
 fents for the farlms, or lords of the villages, and for 
 fuch other perfons, as might be able to aflift him in 
 the difcovery he had In view. He took his meafures 
 (o well, that he fuccecded, and has the honour to be 
 b ' ' ■ ■< ■■ -IN 
 
^f^-' 
 
 w \r 1^. 
 
 IMAGE EVALUATION 
 TEST TARGET (MT-3) 
 
 k 
 
 A 
 
 L// ^\^ 
 
 
 :/. 
 
 ^ 
 
 1.0 
 
 1.1 
 
 1^ |2B 
 
 150 *^* 
 
 Hi 
 
 2.5 
 22 
 
 140 
 
 IL25 i 1.4 
 
 12.0 
 
 1.6 
 
 Hiotographic 
 
 Sciences 
 
 Corporation 
 
 23 WEST MAIN STREET 
 
 WEBSTER, N.Y. M5S0 
 
 (716) •72-4503 
 
 
4^0 
 
 VOVACJE8 TO THE 
 
 [«7»« 
 
 the fiift whiten ho was evCr ktn in thefe parts. None 
 Ix-rdre him h.iJ ever pcnctritcd fu Tar, or acquired fo 
 pcrlV^t a knowledge of the country, tliruugh which 
 hu ii,ivrllt;d feveral Times. 
 
 ills RrU journey was in a diredl line from fort 
 St. jolrph to that of St. Pete, on the river Filcme. 
 
 IK- niadi' JiioihcT, following the call fide of that 
 fiici fruni OiiDcca to Nayr. 
 
 Ill- ihiiJ ri)ui was acrufi the country from Babia- 
 ii'lam oil the Srn.iga to Nettees and Tanibaawrn, 
 l>Ucei in thi' ccutrc of the country, famous for the 
 rich gold miiii'9 in their neighliourhood : fu that 
 in the year and a half, which he fpcnt iu travelling 
 over that country, he croflld it fo many different 
 way>, that he fiuns to have left but a few places un- 
 ; lilted. He viewed every thing ih.it occurred with 
 .ill the eNattnefs a man of his genius was capahio of) 
 el'periiilly when iiiclt>.d both by his own curiofity and 
 the promifc (>f large rewards, as well as by tlie defirc 
 of beintr tifeful to his countiv, and doing a fi.'rviccto 
 the conip:iny that employed him. Hisgood behaviour 
 ami prclei.r, rafily gained him the cfteem of the 
 Mriui of Canara : who coiifidered him not fo much 
 *.: J fervjnt of the coinp.my, as a virtuol'u who fought 
 t'l I'lilvfy las curicfity, in viftting a country ho had 
 !:t.:id fu nitich ot'. This tarim fent his fon to ac- 
 iiin.p.iue him ;i« f.ir as Sembaii.ira, in the kiugdnm 
 <'f C'unta. lilt; fariin, or (.liii.1 of this place, was 
 i\iie:iicly fiirpiifed to fee a while man fur his gucd, 
 .1 e./lour tie had hiihuto been a lliangcr to. His 
 luhiicls who were Kjually lliangers to fuch an 
 I'bjeci, were as much auiazcd as he at this ttrangcr's 
 bildnefi ; and had given him but an ill reception, 
 it the prcfcnec of tlu' t<>ii of the farim of Canara had 
 nut retrained tliein. The mrd painonntc were fur 
 lending him away, without giving him time to exa- 
 mine the country. 
 
 H')A'ever, the chief being prevailed upon by the 
 ari^umcntj of his friend's Ion, pcrfuailed the peopir 
 their apprehenfions were groundlif'-, and tli.it tluy 
 had no caufc to fufpeiSl this white m.tn. He alTuiei! 
 rheni, he was an hunell merchant, whom it would be 
 their advantage to encourage) thelc leafons, batkei! 
 by 'iimc Icafonahle pref.nt5 to the mall coiifidciablc 
 people of the village and their wivce, produced a 
 change in their tem|K'rs, and he foon gained as many 
 friends ainongft them, as at lirft he had enemies. 
 
 But tlurc were yet more difiictiliiLS to furmount, 
 bur he had the f.ime to conquer in every place. Al- 
 thau!!h he was .ilwavs acconipanird in his travels by 
 fonu' (It the priiicip.il natives, yethe found wherevci 
 be went, the fame jcalouriis, and almofl the fame 
 i! ngi.'. He was obliged to aiilwtr numbcrlelV 
 q.ie.lion.c, to undergo tedious cxaitiiiutions, and wouiJ 
 r.t-vir hive been able to have opened hlml'clf a wai , 
 but by dint of preleiits. Sometimes even hil reafuns 
 a'ld prefe-its joined, were too weak to difpel the dil- 
 truU of the natiiet, who w.itehed him in a very 
 trnulilefomc manner, rcfuiing him the earth or ore 
 of their mines, thi^u^h he oftered to purchafc them 
 ai ijioir uivii rate, alluring them, both by liimrelf and 
 bis coiidiicturs, that he only wanted to make hinifelf 
 caflbts, or pi|)e-heads. 'I'hcy heard his leafuns, but 
 CyuIJ not b.licve tlicin fiiAieient to induce a man to 
 travel f i f.ir, and run fuch luzaids ; but that un- 
 tit'ulit'.'dly he mull have fume bad defi^n, and wanted 
 I > I'.al their gold, or rurujuer th^ir country, after 
 h • na.l liirveyed it. 'i'he ufu.il eonclufion was to 
 f iitl hiiii b.ick quicklv, ur to kill him, in order to 
 d.tii olli'.r uh>tes fioui following his cx.an-.plc. 
 
 Hivlii^> at 'I'oraca b;M;;.iinci' uiih a negro to bring 
 him Cuiiie j^hinnui, or ^ii't ejrih, Ironi Sitahli, anil 
 to iiivije the ciMii.tr/ people lo biln;^ him enll'ots, for 
 vliich be woiilJ pay tlv ni well, hi- meflingcr met an 
 i.l ti ^-cpiinn ; !ii> demand* beiii,' refuf'.d, aiul him- 
 klt diiveii aA.iy, willi orders to till the farimsof To- 
 lora, hl< luul, thai he was a fnol, to let a white 
 examine his country, ami tiike Ills ore and earth, 
 llu'.c it was cviJcnt he only came to rob him. The 
 nigrj, in pref.nce of the farim of Toroca, delivered 
 
 this anfwer to the Si»ur Compignoh, wKo, without 
 being difconcerted, replied, that the farim Silabali 
 was a fool himfelf, to be afraid of a finale white man, 
 in the midft of his country, and lo refHle to fell hmi 
 fome of the earth, of which he had more than he 
 could ever ufe. He then made the negro a handlomc 
 prefent. This generofity was fo agreeable to the 
 natives, that it was the public talk of the countty. 
 Another negro quickly ottirred himfelf to ;<o feek tli'is 
 earth for him by night, but Cumpagnon, who 
 thought it policy to hide the dtfire he had of get- 
 ting fpecimens of all the mines, pretended great in- 
 diftercnce, faying only, that when they knew hiin 
 better, they would make nofcruple to lell him their 
 earth and iralTots. This produced a cood elFeA, for 
 foon after he got as much of both as be pleafed. He 
 had the Ikill to remove all the umbrage taken at his 
 firll coming into the country) and bis winning be> 
 haviour, joined to his prefents, gained him the love 
 of the farims and people in all the places w here the 
 mines lay, to fuch a degree, that they made hitn 
 prefents in return, and at latl, allowed him full 
 liberty to take as much ore, and make as many caf- 
 ibts as be thought fit. I'he Sieur Drue, dircdor- 
 general, took care to fend the company IJKcimens of 
 all the mines, and calTots of all forts, by the viifiory, 
 which failed for Onaga, June the i8th 171*. 
 
 I'he greater p.^rt of mines produce gold in fuck 
 abundance, that it is not nrccflary to take the tioubic 
 of digging. They need only fcrapc the furface of the 
 earth, w~afh it in a bowl, and pour off the water 
 g^rntly, to find the gold in dull at the bottom, fomc- 
 times in l.irge grains. I'he earth which produces 
 this gold, is neither hard nor difficult to work ) it is 
 ufually a clay ground, of different colours, intcr- 
 lasixed with f(<iue pits of fand or gravel, fo that tea 
 men here can do more work than an hundred in the 
 richeft mines of Peru or Brafil. 
 
 The negros here have no notion of the fertility or 
 harrenmfsof the lands, proper to produce cold, nor 
 any rules for tliilinguilhing the places which yiclil 
 inetali:, frtmi ihofe which do not. They only know« 
 in general, that their country abounds in gold, and 
 that in propur ion as the foil is dry and barren, the 
 greater hope there is of its yielding more gold. They 
 rake an I Icrapc up the earth indifferently in any 
 place, and when they have the good luck to light oh. 
 one which yiehU a good quantity of this metal, they 
 continue 10 work there, till the quantity iliminilhes, 
 or ccafc*, and then quit the place to go and feek ano- 
 ther. They have a notion, that gold Is a fort of 
 r(>i;u:fli or malicious being, which delights to play 
 tiicks with its followers) and for that end often 
 (hifts from one place to another. 
 
 By their ill management in their way of working 
 the mines, they gel but a fmall part of the gold con- 
 tained in the earth, which they dig out : only the 
 groffer parts falling to the bottom of the bowl, while 
 the finer particles run over with the earth and water, 
 which they gently pour off, after ftirring the whole. 
 The woikmcn in Europe, who clean the goldfmith's 
 (weepings, would get a good fortune by the water 
 they pour off here. 
 
 'I'lie natives of this rich country do not Irarch 
 heir mines at nil times, or when they pleafe. This 
 depends on the pleafurc of their farims, or lords of 
 village;, when thefe judge it proper, either for the 
 public occafionr, or their own private account, they 
 give notice to their fubjeAf, that fuch a mine will be 
 wrought on fuch a day. Thofc who have occafion 
 for giild, repair to the place, and fall to work ) fume 
 dig, others carry away the earth, others bring water, 
 others walh it. I'he farim, and principal perfons 
 keep the gold that is cleared, and fee that the wafhcri 
 du not ileal any of it) a fault which they arc very 
 fubie^l to. "The work being over, the gold is 
 divided, the farim taking care firll to frparate his 
 own fliari^, which is always one half of the whole: 
 befides that, by immemorial cullom, all the grains 
 above a certain fize belong to bim without cxccntion. 
 
 When 
 
»7i6-l 
 
 COASTS AND ISLANDS OF A F li I C A. 
 
 46< 
 
 any 
 [hi tin. 
 they 
 ilhcs, 
 ano- 
 of 
 play 
 often 
 
 When this work has cnniiniiril as miiiy ilivi ^< ihi- 
 Fari.n rhMfi ., the v.'orkiiKii arc ililpnlcJ, and the 
 mill ■ rcma.i": .iitouched by liis or<K r. 
 
 Thcfe nv .hojs "f woiking will i.iflly account for 
 the irregular pcTi.nls at which the polJ is prociiieii ; 
 and lh>' ' lmu(i continual want of prnvifioii^, »hi h 
 prevails am'iiig tiic n 'gros in thife parts .mi.rr to lli^' 
 ircquciit difcoiitiniianiL of their work. On all which 
 accounts tlio Sicur lime lU )n;:;ly rcrdniinendcd fi t- 
 tlcmtills to lie made, whcrihy the natives itiijiht li 
 dtllvcred fnim many impofitions, and the Kiirop;.in^ 
 fiipplied more regularly willi lliut (hiiiif^; metal, 
 winch h <j at all times ingrollid in much of their 
 attention. 
 
 With regard to the mines difcovcrcd in this coiin- 
 trv, in confeqiieuee <it' tho Sicur Drue's project, wt 
 have the (bllowiiiu; account. 
 
 The Sicur Coiiipagiiin ami thofe who by their 
 commander's order, went lo difcover the country afti r 
 him, louiid no cert.iin tokens of any goldmines: in 
 proceeding up the river KaKine, from its conlluence 
 with the Sen, ;a to the village ot Nayc, at the ilillance 
 of about fourteen or filteen leai;ues, except at Fur 
 charran, a ruined village two leagues north-eaft m 
 the river, and in the neighbourhood of a m.irri!;ot oi 
 rivulrt, wiiieh falls into ih" F.ileme. This rivulet 
 it deicribcd as fo (hallow, that it is not even navigable 
 for canoi'f., though ihdiltancc btingfinall, it miiih'. 
 he iMJv lo tr.iMiport the i;old ore on c.imels, to any 
 fctilcnviit in its vieinuv. Befidcs the tokens of 
 this gold mine, thirew; i\lfo oliferveil ihe .ippear- 
 Biiee of a very conridiiablc one of white lliining 
 roek, which was coi.tluded to coMtain a o,ujr.tily of 
 fllver. 
 
 The feeon.l gold i.iine w'.iich ihe Smir Compa':non 
 difcovt'red, wis to the eaftward of the river Kaleiiic 
 abovmentiniied, twentv-fui' lea;;iiLS fr.im ii« cnn- 
 fliicnee with the Nigrr, and iib.iiit five l-i mks in- 
 land bitwceii the villages nf S.mihjniiraand Dallinui- 
 Ict. I'his was on a lil;;li f.nidv croiind, where ihe 
 ncgros fo'jnd gold only by waOnng the furfacc of the 
 e.irtn, taking it up as it lay, without any farther 
 trouble in theacqiiifition. 
 
 Not far from Scgalla, a vilhre 5^0 pates to the 
 right of the F.'Icme, and about fifty leagues from its 
 aiouth, the foil was found filleil wiih veins of t^iold. 
 
 Five leagues higher lav the mines ofCihinghi 1- irraiul, 
 where gold was found in arcat quantities. The Fa- 
 rim of Faroeo having given the Sieur Compa ;;non 
 perniifTion to take what quantities of this earth he 
 picafed. Some that was taken up at random, being 
 wafticd in a howl in his prefence, a quantity of pure 
 gold, whicli melted with cafe, was found at the bot- 
 tom. 
 
 All the rivulets that water this foil^ and fall into 
 the F.^.Ieme, bringdown fo much gold with the lands, 
 thit th; ni iglibouring negros during thofc intcrvah, 
 while their min"s arc fuftered to relt, come hither to 
 the FaUme tigjiherit, as this manner of taking it 
 is never forbidiien by their chief*. KearCiinghi Far 
 rand the mouimins arc all of a loft gravel (lone 
 which .ipp'irs covered with gold fpangles. On b?in(> 
 allayed, th"re were large piecs found perfectly coiii- 
 pctent tci refift iujiia fortis, but which, as a farther 
 prnof of their value, din'olvcd cadly in aqua regia, 
 ch p'tfiling a bri ;hl yellow lediment. 
 
 Ou the banks ot the river Sannon, at the vill.age 
 of Nian Saban.i, was a rich mine, plentiful and ca(y 
 towoik, biuthe<ire i.qiii n\ pounding and fmelting, 
 which the n.itivi ■, ,,r;,- nor cap. ble of doing, and being 
 likcuilV nixed with arl.nieal fulphiirs, it was quite 
 driertcd by a people equally fonJ of health, and avcrfe 
 to labour. 
 
 *' 'Fhe richell mir.e (continues the author) which 
 is at prvfenl diligently woiked cnlv by the natives, is 
 near the centre of tlie country of Hamhuk, between 
 the villages ot Tamha awia, and Netccco, thirty 
 leij,ucs to the ealtward of the river Faleinc, and forty 
 from S. Peter's fort ■ <■ Kaynera (or Canara) on the 
 fame river. It is (a:jiri(ingly rich, and the gold thai 
 
 Vol. 1. No. ^o. 
 
 f 
 
 it pnJurc!; is vciy pure. This pare rf riimhulc, f<»i' 
 w-Ml;h, eNC'cds all l!ie reO. Tlu r.iir ^ a:>- lur- 
 rf^'in'.'ed by hijh, naked mountains, I'.y .;i' ' ■ 'rreti ; 
 I'n that the nrtie-, li.iving rrne of the 11 ttliarits o 
 life but fuch a, •h.'V e;Hi ;Mirchafe with tiieir goid, ■■:■-■ 
 f'i;e,.d to work thL'ir mines with nuire :.(li,!ult;, than 
 ih- ir neiiiiihours and countryn'cn. livre may hef.in 
 .''laftstei, feet deep, a wonderl'iil ihinj, vvliere ptopic 
 Irive n"it'iii b'ddcr'. not props. 11. v. ver, tliey lind 
 much riore gf.ld at this il. )..li, than i-Tror the fur- 
 lac. Wh. n the veins are miiied v> •'■]: ;;ravil '.-r fi.mc 
 lind fubdancir, experience ha-, ta.; h' them to 
 hriiile the oar, in order to net at the i; lii. Thry 
 would, in tliis cafe, g't much moro if tli.y knew the 
 iriv of fmihing or remiing, nor have tlv \ y.t bii-n 
 able to reach the principal v.in of tiie n.ine. All 
 thi- foil i< aigi'lou> or a fat ilav of variou', \:vd 
 colours a^ white, pu'-ple, li'a-guen, flcllow, 01 ie- 
 veral (liad-s, blue, &c. 
 
 " The natives here ire '.he moft iiic;cnicus tnalters of 
 radiits, or p'p--lieads, in all tliat e. unlry. Cio'A 
 lands or fpair.'U-, fm-.H or gr; at -pp-.-ar •■very where. 
 ■I'h'-ro fpan;;'ks are thin. I'm v call the e.irth t!uy 
 cet this (and from, CJbinzan, tbit is (JolJeu F.arlh, 
 or (lilt F.arlh ; and aliho" !> the calTots art made of 
 the errth, after living waliitd, yet it would be taly to 
 extrail gold from th-m, bvtheh.lpi.f mercury. At 
 Canara," near Sr. IVfr's fort, is a (ir.all river, the 
 bottom and b inks of which arc covered witli c.ilouffJ 
 rocks, or nienlli-; mareatites, wli-lt- v-ieight and tc- 
 loiir in.lieafe fon-.-. gold nil n s th-.ie:.boiits, which th^ 
 ivi-,hbourhood of ibis foit would render v^-ry ea'y to 
 f -ir.li for, and poliVfs when found. At N.iyv are two 
 ■jnhl r.iints; that neareft the river has been It'll,; hnce 
 qii!t!eil, as being fubj'ct to inundatioiij ; and the ne- 
 iros did not care for the trouble of emptying the 
 pits : but they have found anoihor at a greater illf- 
 tnnee, on the Vi.-ht fide of the river g<'ing up, (rc« 
 from "nv inrnnvenirnce. 
 
 " The \ ilia r of Naye, which is prettv large, is but 
 four leagues above fort ht. Joleph, which would fa- 
 cilitate either the contiueif or purihale of this mine. 
 Abi.ut 10 leaijiir-s .above Canara, to the Ictt of the 
 Fah'me, is another gnld mine, in the lands of To- 
 mana NiacancI, which is rich, and the metal pnrci 
 'Fhough it is eafv to work, vet the negros have quitted 
 ir. n-oin a fup^rftitious notion, that all who meddle 
 with it, except whites or womin, will die. The wo- 
 men will not venture on i*, as giving no credit to 
 what their hiifliands fay on this bra. 1, lothat it I'vcms 
 rcferved for the whites, and on this .aceount would 
 not be hard to purchafe. 
 
 " tn many other places there are evident marks of 
 gold mines, particularly about 1 7 leagues from the con- 
 fluence of Faleme, nnii the Senaga. 'Fhe land for a 
 UOfid way on this fide is dry and barren, bcin^ 3 ("oft 
 oravcl, (livid. 'd into difi'eront 11 rata, of lively colours, 
 like thofc of Famba awra, and Netccco, bcforcmen- 
 titmed.'* 
 
 Htfides thrfe mincsof gold, and that of filvcr al- 
 rciV.'v- mentioned, here are found in many places 
 blue flours, wl-.ich they fay are certain figis el' cop- 
 per amlfilver trims. In elVrc'V, eop;icr, Ieail,,iron, 
 and tin are found here, as well as the heir load-llmu', 
 pieces of which have been f nt to France) although 
 it may fiem ncedlcfs to think of tlirfe metals where 
 wld is fo plentiful. Iron is not only crmmon and gocd 
 at Hamhuk, and thrni'^h all (jalam, as at Caygnu 
 and Dramanet, but alfo in many other places dclcend- 
 in? the Servac,.^, as at Joel ami at UoiiLfhel in the 
 kingdom o( Sieratlc, where great quantities are got 
 of it, fo foft that the negros hammer it into kettles or 
 pots, fo that they buy no iron from the French unlcfs 
 it be wrought. 
 
 Rock cryftal, tranfparent ftones, and fine marble, 
 are found in plenty throughout Galam ; a'.fo .in incre- 
 dible quantity of odoiired woods for inlaying, of 
 the brightcll fort, hcfides a great variety of fcented 
 woods." 
 
 The Sicur Brue laid before the company five dif- 
 6 C fercfit 
 
•fe 
 
 4«i 
 
 VOYAGES TO THE 
 
 r»7i6- 
 
 fcirnt fchcnifs he Iiail formed for a frttlcment in this 
 rich ciiuntry. The firll was to conciliate the afftc- 
 tiuns ot the Fariiiis, or chief men, Co as to uhiain 
 their conlL-nt to build forts in the country j of which 
 he propokd two on the rivers Falenic, and a thinl he 
 intcnJfd to be of wood, fo as to be moveable at plea- 
 furc, to linh places or mines as the company Ihoulil 
 work. In this fort were to refi.k- the direflor, with 
 the officers, niiiicri, ful.iicrs, ^c. nccefliry lor the 
 undertaking. Hut in his lall voyage to fort St. I,ouis, 
 in 1725, finding this projeivt not agreeable to the im- 
 patience of his nation, he formed a f^rond, which he 
 prcfentcd to the company, and to Mr. Landavificu, 
 September the 25th the fame year : by which it ap- 
 pears, that he ihouglit 1200 men fufficicnt for tliis 
 conijucft i and reckoned the cxpcncc of fuch a bo>ly 
 for four years would come to two millions of livres. 
 He computed 4CC0 marks of jold, at 5C0 livres the 
 mark, \vou)d rcimburi'e thi> >.\pcnce, and that the 
 mines would yield annuaiiv above 1000 of thefe marks. 
 In this voy.igc wc meet with the following defcription 
 of Bambiik. 
 
 This kingdom is of coiifiJerablc extent. To the 
 north it has a p.irt of the kini^doins ot Gahm and 
 CalFon i to the wcif, the river I'altnie, v^'ithtlie king- 
 doms of Contu and Cainbieguda ; to the fouth of the 
 kingdom of Macanna ; and the countries to the weft 
 of Alandingo. Its caftcrn limits cannot be well af- 
 ccrtaincd, as the countries of Gadua and Guinea, 
 which are parts of it, arc very large, and as yvt little 
 known to the Europeans. 
 
 The country of Bambuk, like thofe of Contu and 
 Cambri:;uil.!, is not fubjciit to any particular kin", 
 though tr.i-y bear the name of kingdoms 1 probably on 
 account of their being fiirnierlv governid by fovcreiktn 
 princes. At prcfent, the natives are governed by the 
 mafters or lords of their refpeilive villap's, wiiom, 
 towards the river Falimr, ibty call l'arini«, that is, 
 lords ; adding the nan.c of tlic village, as I'aiim Tora- 
 co, KarimK.irbanna,&c. In the inner part of the coun- 
 trv they call thefi' chufs I.lcmanni, or, by other ap- 
 pellations ; ail which titles given to their gtcit men, 
 though not fo lofty as ihcfc of emperor or km ■. \ t 
 invtil them wiih much ihe fame auihoritv , and ihii 
 fubjctils pay them iIk fame obedience : .ilwavs piovi- 
 dcd that they keep the laws .nnd cuKoms i ibililidud 
 from time immemorial m this Ariilociatical Ripiililir, 
 and do not pretend to invade them : for it would be 
 dangerous to think of arbitrary power here. Tlirk 
 Mandingo.', who are all of them rnarbuts, do nm 
 undcrdand jelling on this fubjcct ; and the leall that 
 could happen to a Farim, Elcmanni, or lord of a vil- 
 lage, who (bould take too much lilicity this way, would 
 be a fliamcful depofition, or the pillage of his goods. 
 
 ThcfeFarimsor chiefs are indepcndant of each other ; 
 but all arc obliged to join for the defence of the (tatc, 
 (or commonwealth) it attacked either in the whole, or 
 in any of its members. The country is extremely 
 populous, and has a great number of villages on the 
 caft fide of the river Falcmc. The Sannon, (luia- 
 no.i, Manfa, and all other Ufler rivers, which fall 
 into the Falcme, or the Senagi-, have alfo many vil- 
 lages on the fides : but the ini.ind country is not fo 
 populous, b'.caufe thofe parts of it that are not wa- 
 tered, arc drv and very barr.n i as is common in a 
 country like this, full of mines of gold, filver, cojiper, 
 tin, and iion. 'I'lic foil neither produces millit, rice, 
 ror pulfe. They even want Oraw and grafs to cover 
 their houfes. — 1 his barrennels of the ground is partly 
 caufcd bv the heat which is excefiivc : not only from 
 the fituatinn of the cmuitry, which lies in twelve and 
 thirteen degrees north latitude, but alfo by its being 
 inclofed With high bare mountains, which rcflcifl the 
 h.ai, and prevent the winds frr.m fiif.ioently refrefli- 
 ing the air, and difpellioL' the thick viipoiirs thatccn- 
 finiially id'ie from a foil fo deeply imiircgnated with 
 mct.->U and minerals. This renders ihi- country cx- 
 •nely unwholfome and dangerous to ftraiigus ; for 
 iKr nVtives and other negros, who come here, being 
 acruVfonicd to \h\i climate, fulfcr no great inconve- 
 fiif nur. 
 
 •• As Dambuk (fays the author) nroducrs fome ex- 
 traordinary animals and plants, it may not be im- 
 proper to mention them. Of the firll kind, are » 
 fpecies of white monkeys : thcfe arc of a blighter co- 
 lour than the white rabbits in France, have red eyes, 
 and eafily tamed when young ; but as they giowold, 
 become as malicious and unlucky as others of thi« 
 kind. It has not been yet pofTiblc to bring one of 
 them alive to Fort St, Louis. The white weafel is 
 another animal peculiar to this country, which, like 
 the European one, is a great enemy to poultry. The 
 colour is of a fliining filver. The iiegroi cat them, and 
 fell the fkins at tire French fafloriet.— The pigeons 
 are entirely green, fo that they are often miflaken for 
 parrots. There is alfo in liambuk, and the adjacent 
 countries, an extraordinary beal), called the gliiama- 
 la. It is moftly found on the call fide of Ila-iibiik, in 
 the provinces of Ciadua and Jaca. Thrfc .vho liavc 
 (ecn it, report it is half as tall again a!> liic elephant, 
 but not near fo large. It fecms to be of the camd 
 kind, icfeinhling it in its head and neck, and having 
 two bunches on the back like the dromedary. Its 
 legs are extravapanily long, which makes it appear fa 
 tall. They feed like the camel on thilHes and briars, 
 which makes them lean ; yet the negros do not fcrupic 
 to cat, when they catch them. Ihe country of 
 IJambuk has few grounds (it for pafliirage, fo that 
 they have no oxen^ but only a few (heep and goats, 
 which thrive always beft in a dry foil. The ghia- 
 mala is very wild ; he is' provided with feven ilrait 
 horn«, which, at his full growih, are each near two 
 feet long. His horfs aie black, and refrn.ble thofe of 
 an ox. Hi' goes f*irtly, and can hold out a long 
 ti;i; -. The flcfli is fvvsct and good in the op.iiion of 
 the negroes. 
 
 The monoceros, or bird of Paradife, is alfo feen 
 here. It is of the li/.e of a cock, ihe plumaijc va- 
 rrrgntrd, cfpeciallv the wings. The beak is hooked 
 like that of the t.,: I-, thiT talons laig-- and Ihoiig. 
 On his head arc tuo fenthirs, about three or four 
 inches long, ioliiing in a point like a horn, which 
 has occalloncJ fome to niiii.iive it for a real one. 
 
 Til ■ r.iiidy parts of Bambuk produce an uncommon 
 kind of pcafc. The ftalk of thefe is about two inch.s 
 in diameter, rouiul, green, flcek, and covered with 
 1 (irong rind. This is a creeper, and fpreads much. 
 It is common for them to extenil five or fix feet in 
 Irn;ih. The leivcs, like thofe of trefoil, about fix 
 inches long, fpriiig in pairs, at fi\e or fix inches 
 diftance from each other. Between thefe lie the 
 flowers of two diflcient ftiapcs : the firft with an 
 op'n calix, compofed of five leaves, of a violet blue j 
 about fifteen or fixtcen lines in length, and nearly 
 the fame in breadth, clofe upon each other. Thefe 
 arc fupported by five little green leaves, fmooth and 
 fhining. The centre of this calix is filled with little 
 fiainina, about fix lines long, of a deep yellow or 
 orange colour, but have no pift.l. The flowers on 
 the oppofite fide of the ftalk are like thofe of our 
 common peafe. The firfl flowers produce no cod, 
 but the latter yield a ftalk of five or fix inches long, 
 and near an inch in diameter, parted into fcveral 
 cells by a red pellicle j each cf which contains a pt» 
 of the bignefs of a mufquct-ball, of fixtcen to the 
 pound. Thefe peafe arc round, of a marble -grey 
 colour, hard and difficult to dicf«, unlefs (let ped fiir 
 ten or twelve hours beforehand iji warm water. Hut 
 as they grow wilil, the ncpros make a ftiift with 
 them J .-ind, prihaps, like them better than thofe 
 which would coft them more trouble in the cultiva- 
 tion. One thing extraordinary in this plant is, that 
 the different kinds of flowers it bears arc placed 
 alternately on each fide of the ftalk. 
 
 »« The abclmofti, otherwifc called the muftc-gralr, 
 or ambrctte, urows plentifully and without culture, 
 in (5alam. The negros make no iife of it. Even 
 their women, who love perfumes, and are very fond 
 of cloves, packets of which they hang icuml their 
 neck, yet neglcd thofe feeds (perhaps only bccaufe 
 no rarity) though they yield a ftiong mulky fincll and 
 
 VCIJf 
 
ipy.] 
 
 COASTS AND ISLANDS OF AFRICA. 
 
 It fix 
 
 thcj 
 
 the 
 
 .in 
 
 lue i 
 
 ;irlv 
 
 ife 
 
 atid 
 
 ittlff 
 
 or 
 
 i on 
 
 our 
 
 CO J, 
 
 vera I 
 
 I pea 
 tiie 
 
 py 
 for 
 Kilt 
 t'ith 
 hofe 
 iva- 
 that 
 iccJ 
 
 nip, 
 
 II r>', 
 111 
 
 und 
 
 III if 
 I life 
 
 cry 
 
 very agretaWf, if rubhod prnlly. It is true, tliis 
 odour goes off, but it is caly to renew it wiih frclh 
 feeds, and at no cxpence. But cloves, which arc a 
 gooil commodity here, would be ufclcf<, if they 
 fnould take it in thcii heads t(i life their alKl-mofli. 
 When this pl.int enjoys a rich foil, it grows to the 
 height of fix or Icvcn feet, provided it meets a tree 
 totupport it ; for then it furrounds and falUns to it : 
 if not, it falls and creeps along the ground till it 
 reaches the height of about two feet, its (talk is 
 round, downy and white, tender and covered with 
 flcndcr fprigs. The leaves an: much like thofe of 
 mallows : they grow in pairs, but unctiiial j thofc on 
 the upjwr lide : being {.irger than on the under. 
 Thefe leaves are fcolloptd, .ind yellow in.lenture'^, 
 though not dci-n, yet form fliarp angle', which makes 
 them look as if prickleil. They are flabby and thick 
 of a bright green on the outfidc, and poles underneath. 
 They fay thefe leaves, boiled in water, and formed 
 into a cataplafm, arc an excellent remedy fjr tumours, 
 which they ripen and break in a Ihort time. They 
 are alfo fovcrcign for contufions and fprains. They 
 are faflened to long flalks almoft triangular, and very 
 hairy, )rm the roots of which fpring the flowers. 
 Thefe arc compoled of five leaves, round ut the ends, 
 which form a wide calix. The outfide of them is of 
 a bright gold colour, the infidc purple. From the 
 bottom of the calix rife fevoral Ismail ftaniin.i, and 
 a whitifh piftil, whirh changes into a pyrndimal fruit 
 with five aivjles 1 which is firft of a pale green, then 
 becomes brown, and when ripe, is aliroft black. 
 This fruit contains fcveral finall grry feed«, flirtilh on 
 one lide, of the fhap? of a ki.lney, and cf an aromn- 
 tic, ^mbcr fnr. 11, agreeable to thofc v.ho love p^r 
 fumes. 
 
 To rct'i'n to the Siiur firu". — It'- had rPL-eived 
 fiieh co;n;'l iir-.ls at Fort St. Lnuis of the co'itiivia! 
 infults t'l c "pany's f rv.;ii!s oIKred tlirrc iV.'ni 
 one n.iilirl, a eiit to l"onra Ni.inia, both hv for- 
 bid iii.;; ti..dc, and oiU'rwift, in o' I'-r to obli^^e ilu 
 ficK'ry to raft liis duiies as lii'^h as tliof> paid to th ■ 
 (irr.t'c, o: to farce them to quit the c'xiutrv : 'hit 
 at lal!, July th • 31ft, 171S, he thought tit to fend tlu' 
 Sieur (Jli.irlrf, i;ovcriior of the fort, dir-e'li ms to pro- 
 vide the place with proper ncceflaries for its defciiee, 
 and then to p;ini(li Ha<lel r -oroufly ; not only by 
 burning his village, but alfo l<:i/,ing hinifclf, wivis 
 and children, if he found an opportunity. It was 
 likewifc ordned, in ci(c Toiica Niama toi k hi 
 af>ent"s part, inftead of ciirrecting him, and refuled to 
 rcdrefs the company's wrongs, that he fhould caufe 
 the bacerris (or chief men) to dcpofc him, and get a 
 new king chol'en more agreeable to the company. 
 'J'hefc orders, which were purpofely not kept fecret, 
 alarmed the king, his alcair, and the bacerris, fo that 
 they dropped their demands, and at once became ex- 
 tremely obliging; only wanting a favourable oppor- 
 tunity to (hew tneir refentment, and things remained 
 on this footing till the year 1727, when the alcair, 
 with the bac.rris of Mancanct, fiipported by Tonca 
 Niama,^ recommended ill ufage, and carried mat- 
 ters to far that a fadtor returning from trading was 
 murdered. As the governor, the Sicur Charpentier, 
 was not in a condition imtneJiatcly to revenge the 
 injury, he thought prop°r to wait till the floods had 
 brought the barks from fort St. I,oiiis. As foon as 
 they arrived, th? Sicur Charpentier having all'emblcd 
 all his forces, attacked the village of Mancanct in 
 December the fame year, beat in open field the ne- 
 gros who had taken up arms, killing near fixty, 
 wounded double the number, and made 400 flaves. 
 After whieh, plundering the village, he burnt it, and 
 carried off all the rattle. 
 
 Tonca Niama and his bncccris were now obliged 
 fo fue for inercy. For this end they employed the 
 Marhuts of Mramancr, and the chief negro mcr- 
 rhints. fiiipd^ to the French, to mediate a peace, 
 'I'hc Siiiir C'harp"nti' r ItifTered himfelf to l>c loni» 
 intrealed, and in the mean time fent down his flaves 
 and bootv bv l).< lark ; to fort St. Louis. After this 
 
 4<? 
 
 he yielded to the folicitaiions of the mnrbut*. The 
 king difowned the proceedings of the bacetris; and 
 thefe having acknnwdtdged their fault, and 1" L'gid 
 pardon, owned themlilves fubjeitls to the FmikIi 
 compaiiv, to whom they pi-mifed obcdien.-e. Thu 
 treaty wa< fworn to on both f-Jis with the ufual lo- 
 lemnitirs." 
 
 The S' 'ir Krue having been recalled to France 
 foon after the lol's of the fort at Dranianet in i"C"2, 
 as hi fore related, feviral of ihe fuiitor. ivaile a merit 
 of writing to the company their liiiiiiii' iit> enucirn- 
 ing a proper place tor building a fuit. D liVrent 
 npiniotis held thcni long in fufpenee : fome pr(]'r>fid 
 1 lidding it at the mouth of the river F.d' me, in the 
 .Sfiiaga, which adiiee leemtd reafonahk ' m u^h, if it 
 li d been pollilile tTcxctiite it ; 0'her» wen f,.i Man- 
 eaii' t, but did not forefee the ill coi.l' r|in nc-s of 
 I'ettUng amcng a fi'.Lliou', tuibiiknt p" pie ; oih-i-s 
 reeommended the ifle of Cav_-nii ; .ifd tne &;eiir Hiue 
 iikcd ihe place well enough, |roiui'd there nad \'C'n 
 aiioi'ier fettlemint nearer llie F..l..me, proper to aip- 
 port the r(l>, av was that of Oram?!''.' ; and thit the 
 trade would bear the ixpenee (.' thefe two laC>ories, 
 which could not be known under a tri;'l of foii.c 
 vears. 
 
 The Fr-re Aj^ollinavie bavinp; br^n eonfiilted as .i 
 perfon bi'hol ■ Aj'ttience and pmbity, (ierljre't, "that 
 a better pl.;C'' could not hr rhcjfui ihin Dr.iinanft ; 
 firft, b.caii!; there was p'eiit;, ot .ill fort- of pn vi- 
 fion', a pi.ttcr of great iniportanie, as '.veil for the 
 fiippivt of the conipany's firvpnt^ as of the flaves, 
 till ;he barl-s nriivrd to carry th-ni down the liver. 
 SiTondlv, h-c -life thcv wr iild al•.•.■nv^ Ic fure of an 
 idi aiitTg^'ou? r;ad'' .H thit place with the .M.indin.^o 
 M rbuts; ard ilii'^ht, the year round, lir^ific for a? 
 much g' I.I, ivo'v M'.l flive*, as thev had ore.if'i 11 
 frr, provided the fulorv was fuppliod with gocd, 
 .ird ihif th- cl-.ief fVCt'ir, as well a* .hole under him, 
 were wife and jurt men ; (o tliat (Miire.i and ether 
 ii-L*ro mciehiiu- tr.lght find, et their h.:n;!<, I lie fame 
 eivililv which they recci-d from the Liiglifh at the 
 river (i.imbra, in order to induce them to transfer 
 that trafTie thither. Thirdly, 'hat .'.lihough the Sara- 
 eolez ;.t Cavgnu were d.Tirou'i ot the Krcnch fettling 
 '.mong them, yet as they were naturally evil-minde 
 and turbulent, and their chiif poor and greedy, it would 
 be ditFicult to get out of their hands in crde of a rup- 
 ture. Fourthly, that indeed tr.ide might be carried on 
 at Cavgnu in fome better fort th..n at Dramsnct, be- 
 caufe the carav,:ns fiom R.imbara cana flop there, and 
 the negro merch.ints would be plad to be favid the 
 trouble of carrying their gold and ivory to Ihe Gam- 
 bra. Fifthly, that therefore till fuch time as the fet- 
 tlenient at Dranianet fhculd be in a condition to fup- 
 port the charges of a faiStory at Cavgnu, the trade of 
 this 1 ift place might be preferved and enlarged, by 
 fending barks thither at fuch times as the merchants 
 were on the road. Sixthly, that it would be eafier to 
 fupport a fctilrinent at Dramanet thun at Cavgnu, by 
 rcafon of a fcarcity of provif'.ons, ouinj to the floth 
 of the Saracolt-/. ; fo tliat it would be neceflary to 
 have a fettlement at the tirfl place, in order to fupply 
 the latter." 
 
 It iniifV farther be obfcrv-d, th.-.t wbi-n the river is 
 at the lowcit, there Is alwavs a channel before Dra- 
 manet, half a league in length, with fix or feven feet 
 water, which is fufficient for barks ; whereas the ri- 
 ver being too broad at Cavgnu, there was fcarce \v»- 
 ter enough for a canoe. It is ablolutely neccfTary f«, 
 the F'rench, if they would clofely purfue the trade to 
 Bambuk and the gold mines, to have two or three for- 
 tified pofts oil the river of Falcme, particularly at 
 Cavgnu. 
 
 This place ftands very advantagcoufly, and be- 
 longs to a |)eoplc who are friends to the French. It 
 is but eighteen or io leagues from Dramnnet by land, 
 and litTlc more by «ater. Accordingly a fort called 
 St. Heter, was afterwards raifcd here, as has been al' 
 ready mentioned. 
 
 The Sicur Courb*, who in jyci, fucceeding ttie 
 
 Sicur 
 
 ing 
 Jed 
 
 
464 
 
 Voyages to the 
 
 [•7*5 
 
 Siciir Hnicin thedirriflii'ii, followed the plan he l.iiil ] agiinft this projeiSV, fo that it was dropped. The 
 down, .ukI u led all Ins intirull wilh tlu- eoiiip.iiiy (o , Sicur Uiue, at h\i return in 1714, rcfumeJ hi< ap- 
 
 makL this rciilcmrnt a( C i);4nu t but he was recalled 
 bclori he cuuM get their coiUuMl i .iiid theSictii iMuf- 
 tcllivr, who luccccdLd him in 1710, wrote violently 
 
 plication, but never could bring the cuoipany toto 
 his opinion. 
 
 VOYAGES TO THE WESTERN COASTS or AFRICAw 
 
 HAVING mentloncJ the French, we fliall now 
 fpeakoC the Kii:;lilh li-ttlenients 011 the roaft of 
 Africa, fur trading to which pjrt», Qiiein Kli/.abeth 
 granted patents in 1 5i>.*, "'» the |Mriicular application 
 of foiiie merchant adventuicrs. King Janie>, in the 
 lOlh year uf his rei^ii, ^rallied a ii.'W clurtir, under 
 the great feal to Sir Rolxa Rnii, aiul othrr ciiizcns of 
 London, as a body imporau, with ancxciutivc power 
 dirtircnl from all oiiieis j but ihty were in iiiuch in- 
 jured III thtii trade by iiitcrlupt:ii, thai ilicy wcreibon 
 grc.uly tirol of it. 
 
 Kin^ ChaiUs the Firfl, in his ;th year, granted a 
 new chaitcf to Nithul.. . Ciu,., Humphry blaneyand 
 company, of ilie la.ue Ivoj>j with the lurmer. In 
 1651, this ;;raiii wa.. rei>cw J, and coiihrin>.d to Row- 
 land Willon and otlKr>, by tiie conimonwtalili ol 
 En^;laiid ; biit during; the confufion of that time, the 
 Diileh and Danes looK the oppuituriiiy <f inciealiiii; 
 their llrcMj;th on this coall j fo that the Alriiaii com- 
 pany, bctlilfs the lofs ol their poUiiri.ins, funk, ihiir 
 Hoc I;, and even the private tradei v, in Ihips and j;oods 
 taken, were- fuftercrs to the value ot jcr.oco pounds. 
 The p.Tl'jm-TMt, on this reprefentatioii, in lt)(>4, ciiiic 
 to a r.-i'-Kiiiiin tn adJufstlie king to take l.nu- etiic- 
 tiial me'.hoil of fupporting the Allien tr...!e, aiitl 
 checking tlie infoKnce of the Dutch. Hu; tlu king's 
 icmonll.ancc had no cHVlT, which was .Hiigmil as cue 
 rrafon of ihetiid Dutch war in rt;64. In the mtan 
 time, th(j2. King Charles the Second had granted to 
 a new company a charter of incorporation, by the 
 title of Ihe Company of Royal Advcntuieis of Eng- 
 land tr.Jin/. to Alriea i alfigning for the limits of 
 their trade, from the ftreights m )uth to the Cape ot 
 Good Hope. This company being juft in its in- 
 fancy when the war broke out, futfeu J greatly from 
 the depredations of de Ruyter, who, with the Dalch 
 fleet, took Cormrnti.i raiile, and Tacoravy fort, and 
 Irizcd the company's vclltls and ciTccts, to the value 
 of 20C,cccl. 
 
 The company, however, fliU kept their footing 
 in Africa; and by the thiid aiticle of th^- treaty of 
 Breda, in 1667, each tide was to Ik tcllored to the 
 places they held bctorc the war ; but as their affairs 
 were in a declining condition, ihey agretii, in conli- 
 dcration of a certain fiim, to (urtender llie^r chaitcr 
 to the crown ; and the kin;:, by litters patent under 
 the great Teal, dated September the 27ih, 1672, clla- 
 bliflied llic prcfent Royal African Company <it Kng- 
 land i granting them, as the bounds ot their con- 
 ccflion, from the port of Sallct in South Uarbary, to 
 the Cane of CJood Hope. F hough this conipjny be- 
 gan with a fmall (lock, they exerted themlelves fo ef- 
 fectually, that they greatly relKiied the face of the 
 Englifli trade on thcfe coafts ; inlarging Cape Corfe 
 Caftlc (the onl\ fori the old company hnJ left, and 
 which they purchafed for ^4,o^c pounu) and build- 
 ing forts at Acra, Dixco.i, Wun-.baco, Succand, 
 Commcnda, and Annamaboo, >1I 0:1 the ^nld coalis, 
 and three of them within mufijuct-fliot of ihe Dutch 
 forts. They alfo purchafed K: ilrirkiburg fort 
 from the Danes, built a new fort at \\ hi^ah, and 
 met vvith great fuccefs in the cxlciifiuii ol iht.ir com- 
 merce. 
 
 On tite rrorthfrn coafl^, in 167^, the Dutch 
 Well Indian company pollellcd theforli of Atgiiinei 
 the l-'reiich held the fort of St. Louis, at the n.oiiihof 
 the Senaga i and the Englilb St. James's forr, on the 
 Ganibra, and a fmall one at Sicira Lcona, the trade 
 ot the coall being free to all the three nations, fiom 
 Cape Blanco to Cape de Monte. In 1677, th*. 1- rench 
 dilpoAefled the Dutch of Ai^uine and Uurec ; \vhi<h 
 places being yielded to the French Senaga cumpan]^ 
 by the peace ol Nimcj'ucn, they began to form pre- 
 tenfions of an cxclulive trade t>n this coafl, feixin;^ 
 and conAfcating the Fonuguefo, Dutch, and Bran- 
 denDurgh fliips, and interrupting all the Eiigblh 
 trade. 
 
 S.Kin after the revolution, began the interloping 
 trade of feparate peifons on this coall, which hrI|Ha 
 not a little to prejudice the company's alfaiis. Thefe, 
 befiJe.i th-'ir liiiiller tralKc, lowering the price r.f Ku- 
 rojcan .i;oi>ds, and railing thofc of the cc untry, 
 b(ou.;lit the company fo low, that they were forced to 
 apply to parliament for relict ; but the prevailing <ipi- 
 ii'on being then in favour of a fne trade, the pariia- 
 meiit in 1697, was imlueed to make tiie ex|<crinient 
 of laving open the trade lor the fpace of i^ years to 
 all adventurers, on their paying a duty of ten per cent, 
 to the company, towanls dehaving the cl.aiges c:f 
 ilirir forts and callles, for ti'.c defence and pn ferv.i- 
 tion of the trade. From this time their inteicft began 
 lifihly to decline. In j-co th'.y laid a memorial be- 
 fore the parliament, to (hew the puj'ulice they fiif- 
 fered by the fiparate traders on the Ciambra ; and in 
 1705, entered into a treaty of neutrality with the 
 I'leiieh company, for their fettlemtnts on this ce.iil 
 between Cape de Verde, and Sierra Lcona. 
 
 For the better fupport of the F" rench Aiiican tiaiic, 
 the king allowed the India company of i'aris, an ex- 
 emption from all duties for mereliandife exported to 
 Africa, and to the Dutch iflaiuls and colonics to Ame- 
 rica 1 aiiexempticjn from half the cufloms of all the 
 jO)ds and mercha.idife imported from Aliica, aiij 
 from half the cuftomsof all fugars and other mtrchan- 
 dile imported from the French iflands and colonies iu 
 America, being the produce of the file of negros 
 there. Likcwi e an exemption from all tolls of any 
 kind of goods.and merchandife in France; a bounty 
 of 20 livers, for every eight ounces of gold duit 
 brou;;ht into France. 
 
 The States (icneral llkewifc grant their African 
 coinpiny gieai privileges an '• immunities. As to the 
 Kn^lilh, they have at prcfent on the wcftcra coall of 
 .Africa, only one fortified fettUmcnt, vi/,. St. J inics'* 
 Fort, wilhri the itiouth of the Gambra, ••n which 
 depend feveial factories up that river. 'I'heyhidone 
 III! lately at Beiifa ill.ind, and Sierra Leona river, but 
 the fadory wai withdrawn before the fame vcar, 
 1728. ^ 
 
 I he Giimbra enters the ocean on the weft cor.ft of 
 .\frica, between Cape Verde and Cape Roxo, oT 
 to f|)eak more exaflly, between Cape St. Marv's oa 
 the South, and the Broken Iflaiidj on the North. 
 The breadth of the river, or dlftancc between the 
 Hioken Ifles and Cape St. Mary's ii fix league?, 
 rhcl'e iflet are furroundeJ with a bank of fond, whxh 
 7 cxteiid» 
 
 X 
 
i-m-] 
 
 c o A s T s A N n I s r. A N n s of* a r n i c a. 
 
 iCj 
 
 tiaiic, 
 III cx- 
 ;eJ to 
 Aiiif- 
 tlie 
 .1, anil 
 han- 
 
 unic^ iu 
 nci;ro» 
 >f any 
 bounty 
 
 >ta dull 
 
 African 
 to ihc 
 coill of 
 
 which 
 id one 
 
 cr, but 
 year, 
 
 co.-.(V of 
 x<s or 
 rv'"" on 
 North, 
 cm the 
 leagues, 
 
 wlKch 
 
 cxtcud* 
 
 cxtcsi<lk tn the rivrr S.iltini, nr Bnrl'jli, ami of wliirh I 
 ihc Ibuth piiiiu, called tur Ri-I Hi.l-, iuii< mit tv > 
 lcii|;ii>( inni ihc fca. I'inm luc liuiih ri<>c llntolics 
 unoilirr f.imi, opp lite H.mvon (Miiiii, wluiCc lli.iiir 
 hill ^ivrn It thr^ n..iiio ot itiv U.iiiyoi.''. H.-il. \ '.\^ 
 Ihoal li.is but .1 tAihiini or a Ijth.im and a li.ilt w.itir, 
 With fevii.ll poi.it> o< r > «*, i>i\ whii'i in- Ira l'".its 
 fo an to niaki- th 111 vi;ii)lc at a i;rrat diltai.i'. It !« 
 hy thcfi- mi;k-, and tihlv tries on the p"in' of Capf 
 St. \1 ir)'$, that onv: knows the mouth of thi rlvir in 
 coiniii;^ from fca. 
 
 Tlu'v Kckon from the Broken Ifles to Ch.irle< Idi-, 
 ten Ic.iguc* J t'loiTi thence to t!v, point oi L.'ia-i, or 
 Le Maine, two Ic i ; i-.'< ; to Alhroda two; and Ir in 
 Albrcda to Jiliiay, ojipofitc to tin- Liij^liiii Tort, halt 
 » league. In cntciinj; the river on tlu' let' or north 
 /idc, there is t point on wliieh is a tuft of tt ■ >, oiu 
 jpuch bi';i;ir and h.'jjier I'an the relt, winch th y 
 , call ,he p.inlinn of the king of Haira. •' The Kn;.'Ii;Ii, 
 who, fays Lili.it, treat with rrogance natioiu nun h 
 fuperior to the ne;r», h ive t^Kipeil lii low as to I"'- 
 lute thii I ind-iiurk or pntciulcJ pavilion ; x< Inch '. ^ 
 fo exalted this petty nij-ro prince, ili;it he cxni't-. 
 refpedt from al! l!iip% uhith enter the river, of ivh.it- 
 evcr nation i aiRl if they r-fufe it, forbids iheii lr;.ie, 
 and does them all the mifchicf he can. The domi- 
 nions of this i nncc aie sIhuii eiyhrten lea Mies from 
 ca(V to wdt, on the north fide of i!"- Ci.ir '•.", Iv. iiii, 
 bounded hv lliis rivir, .ir.J liiai of Jannc, n one oi 
 the brjiK[ii.s or mou.hs of the river of Salum, or 
 Barlali." 
 
 1 he Gambra is coiifidertiMv broad liei ', being near 
 three le.i^ues J and, for fifty Ica2;ucs higher, at Jr ir. 
 It is reckoned a li-sgu" Vi lad, anil is naviaable lo that 
 place for a ftiip ol fotv j^uns and ih "e hundred tons. 
 A vcil'el of one nundi, i an' !'.|- ■ tms ovjy tail toi, 
 within a little ol ilarracunda, «lin.h is five hiindreil 
 miles from the mouth. The tide runs no fo far in the 
 dry fe.ifon, that is, from Deei,..ber t.i J'lne or Juiy : 
 the reft of the yar the river is iiupifl'iSTe, on .cci'unt 
 of the floods, wiiich the rainy feafons bring dimn. 
 Th'fe andcr tht llreaoi to vi dent, that there is no 
 {lemming it with a fair wind ; andbefid's, it is iin- 
 poflible to tow the barks ; hceaufc the banks being 
 under water, there is na footing for the men to go 
 on fltore. The (lan'i.a, in this [viint, differs from 
 the Stiiaga, where t'u- navigation is heft in thy wet 
 fcaliin ; there bcini; then water enoui;h to pjfs the 
 flioals and rocks, which interrupt the barks in the 
 dry leafon. 
 
 The right courfe into this river, when the entrance 
 Is open, is to ftcer lor the point of Barra in five cr 
 
 fix fathoms, till you bring it to bear louth-caft. 
 
 All fttips that enter the river, as well n^ the Englifti, 
 fire thriT guns, by way of ialu:r, to a tall, thick tree, 
 calletl, 'fhe king of Barra's ftand.ird ; and the fame 
 •hey do Roing out. At each tnie they pay a bar of 
 iron to the kini; or his officers, for the duty of an- 
 chorage. The river, in its w:y from Contori to the 
 ocean has many windings, •Ipecially from Cantor, 
 and is much deeper than the S -nga, and the channel 
 broade'-; but the tide, or current, Icfs rapid. Yet 
 the Gambra carries fiich a fiefti into the fca with it, 
 as is vifible eight or ten leagues from fhorc. The 
 tide flows up as far as Barracunda, where dreadful 
 falls obftrutti the pallage of Ihips i but (loops may 
 run u]> two liundted leauties. The banks on both 
 fides are low, and interfe>ited with many rivulets, 
 which the floods run into. The channel, about the 
 creek of Ji(;ra, is from four to five fathoms deep, 
 near four Imall ifl.nv's oppofite to it. 
 
 Jamrs ifland beinp nothing but a fort of flat rock, 
 without any creeks or proper places for careening, 
 the Englifli do this up the river of Blov; or Bintan, 
 on the foutH of Ciamhia, oppofite the fort, at a place 
 called Bloc j the refidence of a prince who ftilts him- 
 kU emperor of Grand Cantor, and is always at war 
 with the kini; of H.ir. 1 he Freneh fay the river of 
 Blm meets with thatof Cuo bo, which is fjme leagues 
 to the weft of it, making an lUand where they join i 
 
 Vot. I. No. 40. 
 
 and that to the weft "f Cuni'io th.rc is anothir final! 
 iver calle.l Rio llr.i, [to. 
 
 Th- vi! .!ge <:l Hant.i is on the f.tme river of '''i:c« 
 n ir its eiiir.iim. ir'o 'li^' Ij. pi' ra, and is tributary 
 to tlie kin;.:, orenipeiur cf C nlnr. The l.iii^ of 
 Har, iifii!i< liimc p rt of the vcjr, ;,l Ih loiMi n vil- 
 1 i';e ot Har, fvid to be on ■. e nonli point of (.i.inibraj 
 ii'-ar iIk 1,1. 1 ty Trie, call.'d by il"- l'<~r in^tuli., Ar- 
 vora dti Matci, or. The l.iiul-.Mark Tiie ; wlrcU 
 ferves as a i;('od iliieclien to the Kuiope:'n fliip* 
 Umi.t'; in or out of the laid rivir. At utlier lin.ts the 
 kiiiL' prcfide- at th • town of .Anna It.r, fi ii;J ;liait 
 a uiile f ither up the lai.d in a v.ood. K..:mi t'lis 
 vill;ige of B.r to ;l'.e K 'ft, e! r^; thi b.uiks of ;htf 
 (1 inibra, ur' th..- vill.i,j s ot Giijioii,' Bii'ii'.culon, ;-.iiJ 
 I. nil. I, alnioll oppilite to the If'i' if lJ><vs ) aiul 
 fonKwhat to the call of thu-.i, th.'ie of A'' r o.i .itul 
 Ji'l'iVi where tin- l^ii^lilli ami i''ieiuhhavc their 
 I • .riev, anil the Portiigueli.-, at the lalt.T, a poor 
 little church. 
 
 The lo.iiie of t'l'' 0;'n:bv.i is iincert.iin. Tiiii 
 rep 'rts and coniMliirs have bun ..s many and va- 
 rious as tlinf .vhith regard the N .^cr, ot w!i.i:h it 
 is by inoft nuiliois reckoned a br iicli, as li.iih Ikcii 
 already obf. ived. 
 
 The Kni^lilli have, from time to time, enJi avriin cl 
 t> dilVover t'le o.igin of Ciaiiihr.i, but tiiiy could 
 never obtain any certain account 1" yond the falls of 
 B.iiracunda, .linMit 560 nuKs lioin its nn'sitli ; 
 ;i >niblv for the f.ime lenlons that ha\e hiiiiKud the 
 r reiKh from pi'netratirt;.^ on the.'iinjua biyond ili'j 
 roek (i).iiia. One captain 'I'hoinpfun, ;!nd aftir 
 him Jobfon, abjut 1618, afetr.ded the tivir 120 
 leagues above Hairacuiida ; Veriuuyikn :ii.n ither5, 
 about the brginntnj; of kin" CI'^rKs the lld\. r.iL'.M< 
 went almoft lis far i C':ipt. in StM-;, in i;2.(, uei;: 
 twen'y i.ai^ues beyond thit ph.c.- ; .t:i.1, in 17 J3., tl.c 
 African company Iv '11.; defitinis to know luiv/ fu the 
 Gambra ws navii^.ible, as wll as to opci new 
 branches of trade up the river, fent over fn-.all lluops 
 ill frames for dlfeovcriis. Mr. Tl.nnias Unir lon< 
 one of their chief merchnnts, lit out t'rcm St. J imes's 
 Fort in a floop for that purjiole, itil returned iVotrt 
 that Voy.i;.;' the tenth of Jiine I 7;.2. On ex.m na- 
 tion of the matter, Mr. i\!ooir, our authm-, liiiiil 
 that llarrifen liimfeM' did not (;o above I'atateiul. « 
 but lent the Hoop's bont on the dileovi -y, v. ith Mr. • 
 
 J[ohn Leach ; wlio, 2.'. lia^ncs fi^m ;h.-iice, found a 
 ed^e of l.;lilo rocks which liemei! to crofs the river. 
 This joined to his bi'^iniiinp; to want pir.v;llon«, and 
 undergoing feveral lian'ftiips c.l.'ig'J h ni to return 
 without fcckiiv; a p^H'.ijjie. It is faid, how- 
 ever, that by the tradition of the nativff, the river is 
 pafl'.ihle a great way farih r up, to foir.e lar!;c lakes. 
 f'his is all we have upon the authiiitycf the ntijrois. 
 It appears indeed, that in this vaft t gion there are 
 many t'ountalns, matllus, lakes or broi:k>^, vhii.lt 
 difeharge tliemf<lves cither into the N;;;er, or the ri- 
 vers which flow into it, ,is may be gailiered fr-m tin 
 countries being fo well peopled; a proof of which ii 
 the great number of flaves from the iiil:ini!-uirts m 
 the coaft, bcfules thofc brought in by w;ir^n 1 other 
 accidents. 
 
 The countries of fcveral negro prlree<; who nfiuinr 
 the title of king; lie on the north and fouih fides of 
 the Gambra, the firft on the niirt'..,rn fide is B:,rra, 
 The king of whicti is of the M.m liiij,o rate, and i> 
 tributary to the king ofllarfill. In thi- kngiii.n-, 
 about fix lear-'cs from the (la, i» Cliarie- III.-, with-ii 
 a mul'quct iliot of Barra fiiore ; oil vvhii i'. fcrir.crlv 
 the Knglifli had a fort, now in ruin-. 'I !.^r- r-re two 
 (hoals of fand and rocks in the v'w.'v on the B;,rra fide, 
 one at LeMain Point, the other at i';ilr.t .S -aca, tl-.-e 
 firft about fix miles below James's t'orr, the l.-rer 
 a little above it. James's illar.d lies oppofite u> 
 Jilfray ; from which a Ipit, of f:-!id and rocks, runs 
 a good way to the ncrt';i-ner:h-\veft, ufii;\lly called,. 
 The Company's Spit. Several traders, pafticulaily 
 Liverpool (hips, have run a-ground on it, but have 
 been got off by the company's affiftance, withciic 
 6 D (lama|{S 
 
4<« 
 
 VOYAGES TO THfr 
 
 itn 
 
 (Ijm^tgc or char;;c ; yd cmild not bo prrvaiU J on ru 
 
 ^ >t; any wnitcii :ukni>» lal",. iiiuil iif (he lirviti.', *\- 
 f il.lin.^ liuir owiicri haiJ tiut uid^ivJ chvin tu li^n ui>) 
 t.t. u thing. 
 
 Ou the call, lies tlis country of Djdclu v in this 
 l.itf, ovcr-a^aiiilt I'jncruvjl, (in liic kiiijjOctin ut 
 Cii'n, on the 1 JUih I'lIc] is un iliand, pjrtitl univ b) 
 i' liiull gut ot Water from B<ulclii. The illc iillil lor- 
 nit. ly to rii(i"ly Jjmoi I'ort with iKmc j but, in 1 7 jj. 
 Ml. ili!l l.iiiiiU thrni ituiLh nraa-r the Ion. 1 lii 
 liui,.; ui ItjJJu i> a MinJingii, and hi>c(.untry is io 
 Icijiu.s .i\ iMint.— Sanjdiiy i> jiixt, though 11 (iitty 
 kiii.:il»ai, Is inJk'pi.M:'ciit. I'lic prince it a M;iii- 
 ilin^o, and hi!i liuniniuils extend luui Ibajjuib alulig 
 thi- liver. 
 
 i lie kin,r.loni of Rn fall is adjacent, poircrncd by a 
 lalot |v'iiu\. ' Tliib country b.giiii at the lia, where 
 i!i'. ri.a ot iiK' lame name eiii.'isi and, lurroiindiiig the 
 th!cc kir.;i!oni^ oi liatra, Colai, and lladclu, ixi^iidi 
 Ijr I ;, l.j_.;in.-. JiK^ii;; the (.rambr.i. — Joar, a town ot 
 '.liar tr:nk', lie. in Unlali, about tMuniiles from the 
 liieri thi mad on which li''<, one mileuicr a pica- 
 I .at lavannali, and th; otlwr aloni; .1 n.irrnw ciccic, Co 
 Ccwer, tJu- p irt .11 it. I'lie Icpaiatc traders g.-iicrally 
 '. iii^ U|i III trad, h.u, .it ;i pLici. cillcd Rumb,/!. Point, 
 ..hill' tliiee iiillt.s iline J Mr, and the I'aiiic ilillaiue 
 Hull Cov, :r i wh:ch l.il'( h is tiie greater retort of 
 pi ijilc, .;..J iheiiioil ii.Ji'oi .\ny town in llic wlule 
 .l.vf. 
 
 U.-yonJ til- co'intry of {'..irlali, i« the kinsdom of 
 Yaiii, Aliioh is '.ira.' anJ widcj and divided into tivo 
 i;art«, oi.i: c ll.d I. ppcr, .uid iht other lAiwir Y.ini : 
 ':ivh .,ovrii'i d by aiiiliinct kinj, the one a Jalol", the 
 o:hcr a .' l.iiii'.n_;ii. Oil ih.- ihore of thi.s kingdom 
 lies IJiiJ llli', ..bout twelve l.a.;ut'» above J)ar, in 
 ivliiili ihcre i> Ic ircily .i iri'f, but it leem.s niaifhy 
 t;iui.nd. I hirty leagiien above this ille, near the I'ami 
 Ihoro, is a nuanrcius clulter of ifles, called liappo : 
 xiinc cf lli-m putty \Mgc, but not inhabited. Oncol 
 them is called l.e Main Ilk, about four lca;;uet in 
 l<ngth, oil which arc great numbers of wiliI IwaUs and 
 palni tri-xs, which brings the natives often hcic to get 
 palm wine, and tu hunt. 
 
 Above Y.ini-marew, is tlic river S.uni, which riles 
 a \all \r:iy inland. It .ibnunds in crocodilv.s and is 
 fiid to part Lovvsr from Upper Yani. It cnterv the 
 Gambra, between Druckor and Yamyamacuiida. 
 Thiic two kingdoms reach about eighty Iciguct a.opg 
 ific river, .ind the next to ihem is Woolli, (or W'al- 
 li, (ihioiigh which countiy the merchants aic obliged 
 •y pus ill ilieir way to Cower, bc-forc-mentioncd, 
 \\!iuli I a pori to Joar. 'I'liis country cxtunils a great 
 ^^]v lip the ii\ir; but, at Fatatinda, the river is as 
 v\ ije a> the Thamr', and is luivigablo for Hoops of 
 4c tui)>, th.- tidi-S riling there three or four feet high. 
 U li.'sab^u: 50w miles up tltc Gambra, on the north 
 hdf. 
 
 Thi fiill kiiHi'om we meet with on the fouth fide, 
 ti^Aards tilc Ka, is Cutnbo. It extends about eleven 
 Ka^;u'_s !f< m Cape Sr. iViary's, at the entrance of the 
 Gambra, to a place called C. bata River, noted for 
 plenty of j,.a:s, towh, and caule. Fonia. is next to 
 lb;,; it bc^^ins ul.cre ih<; river of Cabata (Ma into 
 tiic Gambia, and readies to that of Vintaiti, which 
 It ;.iioiit ll:veii Kauues along (he river fide, but inland ; 
 ii is very l-4;e, and govcined by .twociiipi;rors of u 
 Bj'igor r.-^cr. llacli piincc ha'; his diftimit Jiftrii^ ;: 
 bill thiir territoiifs ari- much liflt-n'd in extent, n\ 
 W--I1 a.; people, by the 'rcit number of their fubjeinil 
 f jKI into tlaveiy to 'be Luiopian-, Fonia is bounded 
 oil !l;e cart by the rivir of Vinl.~in (or 'iiaton) whofu 
 moitb is ;.hoot a inilc over, and waich is navigable 
 fjr I . jral l.agncs. 'ihiep le:!;zuo-. from the mouth 
 liCJtlK.to.vn of tht fame nam'-, fituatid in Foniuj 
 ; i;j .:b.>v.: tii.it, on the 1:1. nc lid: of the river, is J>- 
 »,),. — Oppoliie Jaaics FjU, near th*: main, ou the 
 1 ;iith TtJi. 9f ilic river, is an iUaiid, lately tjifcovered 
 H b; lafl),, c.'.lijJ C-h-)fl\ir llland, (eparalcd from tba 
 m,.in only 1 y a l.n^t brook. This illanH produces 
 ^'fi-it ^uaniitic& uf'iiopftcijic, witii wbichjamcs Foit. 
 b.jupiiLieti. ^i ,_. 
 
 IJordcriiijj tin to Funia i, C»cn, i«par«»cd only bf » 
 Vintain liver. It is governed by .tn enipcrnr and «• 
 king, both Maudiiigo>,. who have their iJiKinCt re- . 
 venues. lu ilni lonntry lie« Tancroval, a larg»,i 
 lown, tlofe to the water fi.le. Above that town, about 
 three leagues, arc a paicel of rucks, at a place, 01 port, ( 
 called Ttndcbas, lying agouJwayout Irom ihefltorvf" 
 which are dry at low waCir. This countiy cxtciida > 
 about tweiity-tliicr leagues along the Gambra. baft- < 
 ward of Caen, is Jagia, laiiiuus ivr labouring people^ 
 and abounding, on ih.it account, with corn antiricttj 
 'Fo this kiii;;clom, whith extends about la leagues 
 belongs Flephani Ifle, in the Gambra, four or fiv< < 
 miles long, woody, and marlliy, ' 
 
 Yaniina, which is mxl, extends 14 Ivapurs, an4/ 
 then begins Krnpina, u petty kingdom, extending 141 
 Icaguis farther, where it is bouiulcd by jamarrow. 
 °Fhis kingJum is governed by a Maiidingo itikpiror^ir 
 and extends tliiriy-twu leagues along the river, ticns 
 is a large town, called Brucuc, inhabited by Mandin-. 
 gos, who arc ItriClM.ihummctans. Half a mile bci 
 low this town is a ledge of rock<>, dry at low water* 
 rrathing from the iiuiihern fhote, five parts in fix, a- 
 crofs the river, and leave fo narrow a channel uiMler-. 
 the fouth Hiorc as makes it dangerous for large fliipa • 
 tu |ufs it i fo that the company's floops are obliged to.- 
 take the opportunity of flack water to i;o through thi« 
 ylacc, vtHucli is called Fulis-Pafs, In this cinpirf, ■ 
 nine miles higher, near a town tailed Dubacunda, ia 
 another parcT of rocks, which reach from the tuuth • 
 fide two-tbirds a-ciols ; and three miles yet higher^; 
 anoiUcr chain of roi.k>, Ui°y At low water; but there 
 is a deep < bannel on the noilh fide. 
 
 Tum.ini, which is n.-xt to ihi-, is a I«rp;c rnuntrv, 
 fuller of towns than i:ny on the liveri Here is the fmall ' 
 town called ^'amy.nu.K iiiid.i, ivhero ihrre is a aoii>' 
 lldcable trad.: I^t d.y go.)d!, A litlle below this town,,, 
 about mid-channel, are hmie rocks, but never dry^r 
 .iiid oppolitc the f.i,.toi , o:l thr north fide thciiver, - 
 about half a mite. Is .1 llfiidin^ lake about two mile* ; 
 long, ttbounding in tilli. Ihts countiy ex.teiids iilunt' - 
 the liver for the dillancc of tvventy-lix leaguer, anfl 
 ii governed by a iMandingo prince. o 
 
 Cantor begins beyond I'onuni, on the fouth fide of.. 
 the river below Fataienda, is Colar, about 500 milct.,' 
 from CapK S. Mary's, to the foutbwaid of Gambra 
 liver. 
 
 The conn*! i'S on both fides were originally divided ' 
 into feveral fm.,U kingdoms, fubjed to three greater* > 
 Thofe on the fouth fide were lubjeft to the king of'. 
 Cantor; thole on the north, tu the kings of Barfali 
 and Woollv. 
 
 Fort James is the fir (t and principal place of ftrengtb '' 
 in thcfc parts, belonging to the Englilh. It i&fitaate/( 
 on an iflaitd of the lame napie, which iiuirely coni-'> 
 n>aitJs the trade of the river. The feconi) is near thoi 
 (ianibra, on the river Cabata, in theitingdom oft 
 Cumlto, on the fouth fide. JiUitVcc [or Jilfray] li««-; 
 Oppolite to Jaines's Foit, on the north 0dc. 'I'll* 1 
 t-ompany have .1 burial grnund here, and txiy the cul^ 1 
 tom.s tu the king of Uarrah., — Vintaio faUory lies fini. 
 leagues from the fort of Fotiia, on the fouth fide of 
 the Gambra, where the chief tradq is for wax^ ivory, . 
 and dry goods. On the fame rivor, higher up, lie».'. 
 
 irreja. I'liis fadlory is about 14 leigucs dilUuc Iroin 1 
 ames's Fort, and chiefly furniflvid with dry goods, in : 
 order to purchafc wax, which however is oif * very in- 1 
 difi'erent quality. .1 
 
 :, In (he yc.-ir 17J0, Colpr faAory was fettled on, IKi 
 rivet of the Cime name, iiv the kingdom of Dprrah, oia , 
 the north fide of the Gambra. Still higher oil' the 1 
 fouth fide in the kinj^om of Kaen [.or Caen] litt 
 Taiicroval, a l«rge town whcio the company luve »>,, 
 faflory, the tradv of which is chiefly for berB :WI»im 1 
 Prpccc'ding up.tbe riveron the noitb fidcf is thc'kiiig*^ 
 jopi of BarlaiiaiWlticltjiw have; iMticed lies near Jimp, . 
 iud.^hrec milus to tlm caftwanl, is Cower, whiuh it,) 
 the, chief place for . trad^e. (t ha« ,two ports on th»<r 
 ^ivcr. I'hcrc isaiai^ory heri;; and the ncM. is M.T 
 V.-m^mar(nv C'^fbcjfjf>gil9ni <)f fcower Yani) wWro.j 
 '■ ■ ' " . '.. ''. ..,i.il 
 
l^ajj 
 
 Coasts- and isLANDii of africa 
 
 I and 
 
 i» a black faiftor, in oiJcr to purchiA; curn fdr Jjmck'< 
 fori. 
 
 . Near the north fide of Gjiphra* i- Cutfcjar. Tbi> 
 fctilcintiii hciii^ovcrflowiJ ini725i ihucuutp.my ni- 
 muvcU tu Svriii. On the luuthliiic oC ilia rivvr, U- 
 joiij this, 111 the Iciiigilom uf I'om^iiiii lie* ihc f,ic- 
 tury of VaiiiyaiTUi'uiiJa, whi(;h \*a8 tleltroyvd by tlic 
 flootlt ill I7JJ, but alwrwardt rebuilt by the cuni- 
 
 At tlicfe lift place*! the chief irndc carnril on is 
 for elephant'^ teeth, and llavci. . Thv Iij^hill f^c,l<>ry 
 on the Gambra it K.itatcnda, i|V the . kin)(dwn >tl' 
 Woolli, which hat aj> cx^enlivc and plcaljiit prot- 
 peifk uf the river, and uf the cMUittry of C^ofpr, mi 
 ihe Ibuth fide, but, the fadtorie;) berg |I4<4>V^ l^e^'i> ill 
 iifed by the king uf 'I'unuiii, \b/t coiiip-uiy withdrew 
 ihit f<tOen>ent,in j;^. , , . , 
 
 James'!. il1.md, wUicji h'.'lo^j'i to the Afiii;-in 
 Company, lies alpri'ill in ilie middle ol the |ivi;i A'-inx- 
 bra, which is here leveii luiliui, wide, ^t i>,^n leagues 
 fioin the , rival's innuih, und thrcf miles/iaiD thp 
 nearcft ftiore. At low water, it is about ]tl)rec «|uarr 
 tersof a mile in circumference, iipoi\ wbtsh there i».a 
 fquare furt of ftonc already built, with four b.inion<, 
 and upon each arc fivcn eunoiis well muuiiteJ, bc- 
 fidcs batteries which comm.irKl t!ic rinr. Thi-re are 
 (Sme good aoiirtmeiits in thj tjirt, jri ulrchihetio- 
 VCTBors, diicf merchants,'^ fiiWir?, ■KnicrT^ aiid rn- 
 fign, &c. Under fome (if thile .ire conviiiu iit Ihire- 
 houfci. The whole is fill tilieil wiili pallirjilne-i, and 
 furrounded with the river. 'I'liere arc alfu barracks 
 fortfitf ftildiers, and othcru f ir<he ferv^nts. Umkr- 
 neath thtfc ftonhoufes, and under thole of the fol- 
 dicrs, arc the llave-lioiifcs. In theday there arc ^hre^ 
 ccntries, one at the ij.itc of the foit, <me at the door 
 of the public room, and another who Wiilkv rouiul 
 the fott to fee what boats come to, and po from the 
 ifland, i>f which thvy uMku :biepnij( to, the goveraor. 
 Tliii fort W4& fj.n erii£f<d by Sir Rgbi-rt Hu'mes, 
 about the year 1664, as u leeuriiy to the tiij^lilli trade 
 on this coad, who called it Jjiiica's t'urt, 111 honour 
 of the Duke of York, afterwards James the S.ci.iiJ. 
 Xhe garrilon cor.filU guierally of 60 or 70 white.-, 
 and as many Groincttos, or ftcc black),, in ihuconi- 
 . pany's fervicei 
 , Thi» fort was firft taken by the French, under M. 
 lie Gennes, in 1695, with a finall fiiuadrnn of four 
 fllips, and two boiiib-vcflels,i At the iflc of Gorce, 
 he received hy an En^Iiflideferter, an account of the 
 ill condition of the fort, the garrifon bein); fickly, 
 >nd wanting provifions, which encouraged him to 
 make the attempt. He entered thcCiambra, July the 
 32d, with F.iiglifh rolours, and at five in ;hc after- 
 nooOt anchored within a league of the fort, which 
 he furrounded fo with his boats, a& to cut oli° ail 
 communication with th'. Und. The fanx night a 
 Portuguefe, called Don Carlos, who lived at Jil- 
 fray, came on board, and iiifornicd \], ^c Gennck of 
 the (late of the fort, tut. the king of liarrah, to 
 whom the French commander applied, declined. en- 
 tering into the quarrel. The iyi, the Sieur ^c In 
 Roque being fent to fummon the (tarrifonj he Wiis 
 net 'by a boat, and conducted hiindlold Co the furt, 
 V'here the lieutenant treiitcd him fplendidly, the.go- 
 vernor being abfcnt, and letu three Kndiftt oj^rcis 
 on board who were, indruclcd to demand ^mc days 
 fejfpiie. This being rcfufed, the ]vi<li'^ '^nt hi"! 
 word the next morning, that.tjiey would defcml the 
 place, to the laft e.\tremity. 
 
 bombs 
 the 
 
 ^ 
 
 At e!gli( in the ^veniiia of the 24th, fpnje bo 
 ing thrown, which fell tt^pxt uf. their, (nark, 
 
 rench commander cei^fcd firi^jg^ waitinn^ for.Uw tide 
 of flood fur ^nchotii^^ , ^ejircr. In <Ike inran tiipe |Lhc 
 ^vernor (cat a flag ol um;e to (^pi^uUte, apd h^f- 
 faget were ex'-haiigcd till, the ternu« CQuld be.&tttil^, 
 ^bjcb.wcrefigued ti^efnnic day.,,, ■ i- , ■ ' . ■■ /■ 
 , On the X71J1, a* preak of day, M-.Jp '»■ Pariere, 
 ptyV to.thefaua^rp;;, gave |i9^iv-e.tp,Mr. Hanfcury, 
 .the ^yef;i^r^ jp ^(eoafc^ 11^ evacuate the place. At 
 (x in the morning, M. de ront.n.iy, appointed go- 
 
 7 " 
 
 liernor hy M. d; ( leiines, luinleJ, iiiiJ wa» I'l t U\ 
 Mr. [iaiibiiiy, wliu delivi,rt.d up the keys, .iiid wa- 
 elflitewd iiu liv>rd the I'vliiitv, one ol It'C ri|U:;dio.. 
 riic V I viicli ll ij., ^v..^ lii.ilkd, ..lid 'f'l- D.'uni fi,i;,« 
 uii.ler .iflfeliaige of .j; j.uii . I heiie\l il.iv a liemh 
 oUi.ir Wot lent 10 ihi km^; <.| }J.iii,ili, lo di-ij\'i|,l ih; 
 ttfuii- i(f ilieLiijilidi at Jiltr«j, but he rt |)lad,'T!i.,t 
 finec thc,.f^rt was furreiidyfed, what Wiis ci'i <hore U;- 
 Iwi^fd to h.iiii i but f>.,eiii;4 ih.il .\|. jli- Genni'i wis 
 about to employ foite, liv fmi ini :i'. .ili 10 tell l.ipj, 
 he would Lave no difpute, but V'li.M juM up tlir 
 cQkOtk. I hi .1 reiKh (tepeial ^h.-viiijl dwllrnyij tli'e 
 furik the //t'l of the l^n.e moi)lli, the Fr. ;'.fh oi- 
 ficei^ eiiib.ii^eil for C'.i)en«i', v" |,h<^ir wav hi nii-, 
 and \1. de.Ci. lines ,lef( the UJiiibra ou the /41I1, anil 
 fuliil 1(11 lUM, , 
 
 The, hIic being rcflored (ly ih^ p-AC;c of Ri'Vir, 
 the R'>yal Alrie:iii Loiiip.iny liM/k care .^o ribuil.l it, 
 intending to remount it wiihyo;iun«, and to naiiir 
 tain a i;.iirifon of j.jg Furop ani.. Hoaivcr, the war 
 breukinj; out afrefli in 17,132, tluFunch, iliet.i:ii 
 year, fuupd means to (^iipiife it undiT Ciprain U- 
 koqiir ill the, Mufine v\ho »^s ui il v taking of it by 
 M. de (itnnes in lf»)^) .irroniiiiiiiied hy the Sleur d« 
 St. VanJnlle, in tin i leriiii.ni'j liijatc. Th(.y took 
 the lort, «hicli tli',') lanforuil lor 100,000 erowii'., 
 carl * "'i; "(I 250 flav S, am! a lnr;;c tju.iiiiitv of goods. 
 Ta''R'oqup'TTiTi1t-Tr'was VIlTed Vn the attrtek. in 
 170.-), the I'r.iuh made a third aitempt, under M. 
 Parent?, with a fmall Iqiiidion of f iir Irigatcs, which 
 look the luit, and a fhip ladtn wilii (laves. A ler 
 tlii«, it was taken twice by theEnglifti i»iratcs,/.w lici 
 inli ileil the eo.ift of (Jtiiiiea about 177.O, of which 
 the fc'llnwing it an acopunt. 
 
 'th: firft of thefe aelioiis was pel f irmed by Howard 
 D.i\l<, who railing from BiiHol with Capiain Skin- 
 ner in the Cidojan Sm)», was t:ik n in 1719, ncr 
 Sierra Lc(ii>a, \iy Engjanjl.lhe piir.fK> ,who niiudivd 
 the captain, and, made pitvi^ a coitijilinunt of vie 
 ftilp i but fin4iug the majcvity of the crew averse lv» 
 thed(;(igf\,,lJc^^^s forced l,i}( (\et;r foi: B.Vt'adoc.sJ wh^i^ 
 the cargo w^^confi^ned, aad otf the, informiUion of 
 the failors, pyt in prii^n,, iitfyic,vcrj as be Ij/tjl' copn- 
 mittid uu pir.uic^l aH, he Was re)e,ab:i|, ';^id cniploye'tt 
 by Captain Woo^s Uojjtr^ ip a tr^ijf^'a floop!, yi'hic'^ 
 htini; manned cliiiJIy with pirates, tnry at ^avis*» 
 mtitiun^ agreed to r,etu^n ,tvi (hcij; o|d courfe^f bVi'- 
 iivf>, and chofehim for theif caj/tain, ^t fi;(t'hebaif 
 pretty good fuccefs. Coming to ^t, Ja^o, Ae' chief 
 town of one of the Cape VerJ i^ands, anif being of- 
 I'cnJed at thcgovrriior'a fufpciling them to be p,lrates^ 
 he entered the fort, in the night, but jjic Kovcrnor hqld- 
 iiig out in. his houfc, ■'■; c<ult|rd i^ jkfter doipg the 
 Portui;u( le great dame , ■ Hence lie failed to the' fir 
 ver G^ipbrv, in ordci re .fitcmpC St, James's Vprt'^ 
 where he told his m^n, tiu x uas ntways a grCkt dea\ 
 of mf'ncy lodged. This,^ every thing conndcrr^j 
 was a dc(jieratc c.nterprifc. /The method he took wa* 
 this,. He <;on9eaUd |iis ipen under deck, except as 
 many as were requifi(c to work the (hip, fo that thole 
 from, the fort i^iigUt have no fufpicion. ttc then pii 
 in clqfe to the fo[t, ani| hoiAed out his boat, v.ith'fix 
 men in ordinary jackeis, in which l^mfelf, wTth the 
 mafter a^nd furgfon, drclfed lilje jehtlcmen, went on 
 (hor;. Being arrived ,at the jandihg pUce, he was 
 received by a file of mufqueiecfS, and condu(!lcd tb 
 the fort, ap4 being exanuned by the covctnori he in- 
 formed hup, he Was froni Liverpool, Tound'to the SlCf 
 npi^t for gum and tcetl^ but h.ad been chafed on the 
 coaft by two French rpen of war j ifldiog, that tlieW 
 carjjo was iron ^nd plate. .The governor told Dayi^ 
 hq wi^uld Ictbim hAve'(f,iycs tt.) the fiill value of ni4 
 c^gp ; and^dced if he bad any Curo{)can liqtior tfA 
 beard f Davit replie;], He had' fome for tlje jlhip'i 
 ufe, but a hamper was at his fcrvicp. ' Thegovernoir 
 alked liim and hiJ olltcers to dtnnet i h|,'aicc(^^ted of 
 the invitation, and wb^f? it .\j[as getting r^iily/v^ei^t 
 on boards under pretence (»f giving fome t(t'V^rii',le'.'tv- 
 inu his companions Qiv/hafe. ' Haviiw ilia^^'tltt! pr'n'r 
 per oblervations form:utii(5'W9'di:(5^n. HiftUifhVs 
 

 VOYAGES TO THK 
 
 f»7^^ 
 
 t ihf fort, he rf hirnfil hcfore noon with his bojit'i 
 err \' . ivaii'ly irii i'll. He luH ^ivrr. i|i. in inllnu lioni 
 t iivcrfi. witli ihr (oldiiTv in Itir ^ tnr«i-ri>uni, ami 
 V I. Ill hi hrcd a f.rtoi j« .« fiiiiiiil, to lix iin- tlic ainn <il 
 the i-arriloii. I)jvi< r 'miil Ihi- :v'"'rnor Jtul Im« .iI- 
 ftH'i itet, prcp.i'^lng a bm I ot puiuh inr Jinnir, .iiid 
 hav.iig (ikin Mt oppiri.inily to ftniiu liim, lirol 
 hi« piftol. Un thik his inrn f'-i/cil the armi iii the 
 gu^rtl-ronm, muking the garrilon priliiiicM, \vh'>ii) 
 thty locKcd up in till' r'Xim. Oavis then ordi'iiJ thi 
 union ll.ij;<iii the I'ott In he Uruik, wliich hij iniii on 
 bo.iri li-ciit)(, iVnC him (he rciiifurccmcnt agre.il on, 
 I'o that 111 rcm«!ncd mallir of the I'ort wilhnut rclift- 
 anrp. Many «f the (oMicri in the company's (rr- 
 vicc'cntriiJ with him, and thofe who rerulcd, he ini- 
 im-«luii!v ferurvdon boaid a floop he found in the ri- 
 ver. Amc thi«, he plundered the place, where he 
 found tu the amount of 2000 pounJs in bar gold, and 
 many nthcr valuable eH"td», which lie (ent on board, 
 and then drmolilhcd the fi>rtiricaliiiiis. 
 
 The comp.iny fent the (jambra C.iflK', Captain 
 Run'cl, in 1721, with a company ol foldicr-, com- 
 ■landt'd by Major Ma/l'cy, tu girrifon St. Jamck't 
 
 fort, whi.hhad latilvli .-n taken ir,| J.dn.yul bv th» 
 I'lLite l).in>. .ShciiruvM ni ihi d'ainlni . h mt VI .v, 
 ind landed her men uiiiloi M.1II; v, on .S;. Jjnic'a 
 ifljnd, where fdimil Whitmv thv ^nurn. r li.nl ]vh 
 ariiH-d. Both Ih.- i;oHTnoi an. I Milliymn- uri-ailr 
 diilatufietl with ll e n iplmn Ihii met wuli imiii ilic 
 nurchant!!. ALifirv in pariuular w..» veiv I ud in hiH 
 I'liiipliints. (ii-iirijc Lowthrr, (tv md n ..t • -m ihr 
 (ia. libra Calllc, li.iiiiig a plqiie ;i.:,iifl k (I 1 hi> 
 ciplatn, inUig.ite.l ilie lliip'i c()iii|mii\, ivcr wlr m 
 he li.id a great inniKiice, lo join wiili .\!, (li-y 111 liii 
 diicontent, and H.iucrtd him, th..i In dciinne the 
 (hip, he would iiinvcy him b.ick to Kngl.m,!. Milll-f 
 prnpofing ihixii hit men, th'v .ill d'condid his dc- 
 (i|;n, on which he fct guardt on thi- (lirr-niotn ^ .irij 
 alter fending on hoard all the j.rovilicn., .ind dif- 
 iiiountiiig the guns went on boar.l I.DWtlur., w,h>i Iu4 
 Itrurcd thelhipin Kult'ern ahdnce, .md I'H le'adv t* 
 fail, which he did ihe next div. M.iil. ^ .ificr this, 
 turned pirate with l.nwther, l>ut loon after quitii-J 
 that lort of life, and rcluiiiins; hou' , w.i- |irnu;;l!t oil 
 his trial and was h:inged. — Jaiiici',, Fort lias liiici bceu 
 fully rc-cDabliOied. 
 
 A VOYAGE TO THE AFRICAN COASTS, in the SWALLOW and 
 WEYMOUTH, BY Mr. ATKINS. 
 
 THE Swallow and Weymouth that performed thi§ 
 voyage, the relation of which we have from Mr. 
 T. Atkins, failed from Spitheail, February 5, 1720, 
 taking in iiecilTaries for a double voyage down to the 
 coaft of Guinea, with :in intention lo deftroy the pi- 
 rates, who greatly infclled thofe parts, and dillroyed 
 their trade and fa^oriet. The African com|<any's go- 
 vernor for Gambra, and other places, went under 
 
 their com uy. 
 
 , As they paflcd the wellcrn extremity of England, 
 the author obfcrved that from the equal de]ith nf wa- 
 ter found here, and from doors, windows, and roots 
 of trees, formerly hooked up by tfie fifliernicn, it 
 froms to have been in aecs pair, contiguous with the 
 little rocky iflands of Scilly, by a land calUd the 
 I.ioncfs, which had been fejiarated by foine violent 
 fliock from the coafl. 
 
 About the lencih of Cape Finifterrc they met with 
 continual wcftirly winds, very unufual to the coaft 
 of Portugal. A day or two's fail from Madeira, they 
 fell in wiih the "ommodore Matthews, in the Lion, 
 bound with a u,aadron of four fail to the Kallln- 
 dies, for fuppreffing the pirates there. 
 
 The Swallow parted with the Weymouth on the 
 13th of November, bound with the •jovcrnor .ind 
 faiflors to Gambra river. Coming near the land of 
 Cape Verd, they took up fcvcral turtles, who love 
 .Jleeping on a fmooth furfacc, which they had now, if 
 hieing calm. Thcyfaw alfo abundance of flyingfifh, 
 and their perpetual enemies the Alliecorc and Jjolpbin. 
 This laft is a ftr.iit fifll, four or five feet long, with a 
 forked tail perpendicular to theliorrifon ; phiys fami- 
 liarly about ftiips, is of a dry taltc, but makes toler- 
 able broth. Thefe are fcldom fccii out of the latitude 
 of a trade wind, and tiie flying filh never ; thefe laft 
 are the bignefs of finall herrings : their wing^, about 
 two thirds of its length, come narrow from the body, 
 and end broad. They fly by the help of them a fur- 
 long at a time, when purfued, turning in their fi'ght ; 
 they fomctimcs dip in the fea and riic again, the wind 
 making them by this exnedient fleeter. — They ftctrcd 
 ftuth-louch-weil to avoid the ihoals of Grande ; and 
 
 bawling in for the land again, waited till they came 
 into the latitude ot Sii-rra Ixntu, lome oilu 1 Ihoali 
 lying on the north lull of that rivei. 1 li, founj- 
 iii;;s ill witli tii < ipc .in ^i.idual Iroiii fi\ly f.ith( ins, 
 about tivclie league* oil 10 thirtnii. Ca|>e Sierra 
 Leoiia is known ' i> a lingle tree ii,uih l.irjrti ,!„,„ 
 the rcll, and hi;>h I., <.'. on ilic b.ick of it. '/ !:iv mi- 
 choiid <)ii the -/ih in lb:- tl;irj luy liom the 'i.H(R-, 
 which is very coii.ii;odiou5 foi wat'rin;; and w c oi'jj,.^ 
 and r(:'ul:ir tides as an; p:Mt 01 the clui ti; I ul 
 lingland. Going on fliorc lure on the I'Mh, thrv 
 vifited SiiMior J )lc|)h, who rcf led thi re. 
 
 On tlie 281I1 ot Ajiil they Icll .Si rra I.ioi 3, ipl 
 May ilic id, ihcy were joined bv li.e Wejn .mih 
 (rom Gambra. S!ie ran oil a /ind on th.it liiu, unA 
 with great difHculty got oft". Thofc ol l!.c Sv. .dlov 
 likcwifc, while at Sierra Ixrni, loiiitig in «:it(rt« 
 the ftiip one evening had fiirgot ilie I'li';-, till (li- luj 
 live or lix feet water in the hol.l. — At Opr Sr. .M.i- 
 ry's, the (larboard entrance of the (Jaml-ra, ihry 
 found no cjnibals, as is coiiinunlv npoilfd aitioi," 
 lailors but a civil^lid i->«op. , Viih wlioni ilii* 
 wooded this fhip. They were o/V t'.ipc JMonte oit 
 the 4tli,aiid the next d;iy off Moiil.jj.Ia, boili hi'-b- 
 laiuls; 'he former appearinf; willi a di ublr, th',- la?tef 
 with a ingle h'.'.nmock, the country trcndin:; from 
 them K w and v . Jy 1 about tl.irt\.ii\e faihoius wa- 
 ter three leagi..-. ^rom fljore. 
 
 From the 1.1 ter came off a r.-mne with a cnVoOlicr, 
 Cjptain John Hte, diHinguifheil by an old hnt, *ri 
 failor's jacket, W'lth a grt-atir number of thick braft 
 rings on liis lingers and toes than his attendnnM. 
 11" fecmcd fly of entering the fl.ip, for fear of ln-ir,g 
 feized, his town's |>eople ha\ ing olten fuft'i led by 
 the treachery of (hips, and th y as often return it, with 
 cruelty, " which (fays the author) has piven rife to the 
 report of their canibals at feveral places, very unlikely 
 any wh'-re, bccaiife in that cafj they could ntithrr 
 have tra<ie i-.or neiThboars." The fttifli ih.y brought 
 iff, on this dar.gerou-^ vov.iire, wis a bundle of fmall 
 black (liciis, like a buiiJu. 01 A:|;j!.-gtis, put fnto a 
 b <t;, kiut of fuk-grai's, ai.J h ingiiig over out of 'hiir 
 
 CtjuIJ ts. 
 
I?' 
 
 5J 
 
 COASTf *. '■> ISLANDS O l" AFRICA. 
 
 4«'J 
 
 . II- 
 '')«■• 
 
 III 
 
 tliry 
 
 .nl 
 
 iind 
 
 ilor 
 
 ir t» 
 
 li.id 
 
 M.i. 
 
 ihry 
 
 ,!,■■; 
 I'll 
 
 :>- 
 
 Liitcr 
 front 
 
 braft 
 
 nnf. 
 
 ln-ir,g 
 
 t-d bv 
 
 with 
 
 o the 
 
 Vdy 
 
 itbcT 
 
 nught 
 
 fmolt 
 
 ito a 
 
 ■hiir 
 
 (hiiitl>li.Tt, ftfmin; to jilarc a (cciimv «i. ' .ili IvPrc 
 ill ir. Aikink\t" K< h.ivr li.iiulliil ji li.ilt>.l it, hui 
 fuuntl it put th III m a lii^'lil i Ihry in.ikiii^ ('i.'ii'-, tii 
 ili-tcr litm, r.iyiir; iii tlifir laiigu«gi-t " It yuii cat, yuii 
 W ill (lir pr, li'iiilv." 
 
 The iiiilniit nil both fiJi« ni.iiltf ihi ir prcfmt 
 
 bufin 
 
 Iv b- 
 
 '«"'« 
 
 i>l.l li 
 
 neili' ', 
 nJ whiuvir illt" tiny l.i 
 
 II|M'I> 
 
 ImI- 
 
 |i.lil;r'^ III 4 
 
 huirv, aii.1 r.illiiij to oiii- anuthcr toi lint (lul, in 
 ■ iiuie like tlut which buiclicrt ule in ilrivin^ cat- 
 tle. 
 
 Tli'V aiKhorpJ brf re Srflm, on ihf loth i>t Mi". 
 Th.- Kucr i^ ainiiit hnll' tlic lncid'.li i)( tlit TIliiiim 
 a iiariiiw CMtLinii: imlv I'H li.ial\ cm I'.c l).irl)o.ir>i 
 liil.-, bftwciii two rcii k« ; wliiili, on !;rc:it Iw-lIIs aiul 
 \viiiil«. mikcthi- flicioiiiii; of it iLiruitdii", the nil 
 ol the brcaiUh b.iiig chinltil with l.-.iiJ«. II n- ni u 
 he purchjlcil coiirii!tii.hk- <iuantiiiis of riti, and tliu 
 rivir .ibminiU with tilli. 
 
 'I hf kiiifr, wim ciHrnundcil hcrf, hid the n:imc (if 
 P.Mrn; he Tind ab -lit tiv iinln ii|i UK- ri\ir. A l.iin- 
 
 iilc if iHgro nrij.lly. 'Ilie roy,il prikiit wns (i nt 
 n a liiii:i.n.iiit ami purfir. Arrinn.n at the kingN 
 town, tl.iv were ullimd or Ihiiill, by fiTie nl the 
 coultier^ intd ihc lonnnon hall, in ordci to wail 
 th.- kin.;'« dnfliiv, 'I'd lomiiiji; fniiii thf pal lec, 
 hi* publi.r ail h.'iKC h- ii';r aKv.iys in the- |-i.I.1ili 
 €jf hn ("fiiplc. Aiur waiting an hmir, liii n..ijeliy 
 tanir, attend .1 bv a huiidrid naked iinl-l ■^, all I'niid.- 
 ing, and a hum I'lcwin ', lulnu liini. I lie iiin!; h.d 
 a dirty red b.ivs |;<wn on, ihnLirnl with patel;- 
 work of oilitr iidiiiis, like a Meriv •iiidicw, and a 
 fellow tobcar th;- train ; whiih was a naii'W flip <>l 
 culi^ee tick- J l» tlie b.ittoni nf the ^nwn. llh.iJ ; ii 
 old Id.'ik full biitti'iiid \\i;,, lliucl! bed, an i Id h. t, 
 iMit liilf bi|; eni)ViL;li, and lo fit cnnlideribly bihiiul the 
 foip-top, that II .1 !i hiv ineai:re fair like a Icaie-iroW ; 
 c.jarl> lli'i;s aiii ll ckmi-.^, irilmcklvd and iinii d, and 
 n bvalV chain ot tu\iily pmiiidj wciijlit al leaU about 
 ]u> melt. 
 
 'I'h! cmbiffid. Ts prrfcnted hi.Ti a trim, two piccc^ 
 t)f (hip beef, a cIhv . , a bottle of brandy, a di /.in <.| 
 pipe-., and two il ./en of congees. Hut IVdio, iliu 
 not feem pliafed »h n he faw the prileiit, as it con- 
 filKd of fiu h thin.'s a< he had not pulVnt oiealiiii for : 
 alkiiip: to take tin i.i iMck.an.l i;ive hi.ii lU'. ir liiteclu-, 
 tull:id a liltlc wi:h kneelini; in th.- lii t: l.ii; on a 
 confii'tation with hi. ininilbis, the prttcnt was ac- 
 cepted, and the oHiwrs diliiiiii. d. 
 
 I'oiji.e the king a good opinic-n of their generoHly 
 thcv iTi,:dc it up lo his foil Tom f reenian ; who, In 
 Ihrw hif- e<K-d nature, cam- on board un-invited, a. id 
 brineinir Iiis flay let, oHi-ed thtni with fun:.- wild 
 jiitis. Mini lliey dii lUd with an id;;cd hat, a wiL', 
 and a f-.vord, and t ivo him a palrnt on a l:-.rie (beet 
 «it parchment, cr;..tinj hini duke vi Silit;. This 
 wa^ :ni;in fo kin !ly bv ihe fatlur, that he fcnt th.i.i 
 a couple of ;-'iais in r>turn, and f.nt his youn;;cr Ion 
 Jofce for ftaili.r niark< of their favour j whom they 
 tlif;nified alio, ( ii a fmall eoiifidciatioii, with the title 
 of prince of Max- «. 
 
 In one of thtfe town«, to wlii^h tlicy had leave to 
 go, lome others of them paid a vifit 'to his m.ij;!Jy, 
 niioin th--v found at hi-> palace. Th.- entrance was 
 nirrow like a port- hole, lea Jin;; into what one might 
 ca'l hU court yard ; a little Ipo;, and two or three 
 h-its in it, which were the apariments of his women. 
 Fiom tl.is th-v p'e;icd through annthcr portico, and 
 tiifcovjrcd him <m the left-hand, upon a place on the 
 DUtllde of his houfe, raifed like a Ihop-b'oard, and 
 firoVit'ij wi:h tAo or three i-ld wrmch (the favourite 
 <livcrf:o.i of h:th fxc-;.! His drcfs and figure, with 
 th.' nov.lty of the r.n.lilh, erc.-,i d mutii .1 fmilcs for 
 a fe-.v minutes, when th.v took leave with the Atti, 
 hoo " 
 
 Thry left S-ftos on the i8tli of ^Tay, and failing 
 alon;; A coafl lo* like Holhmd, in two or three days 
 reached Cape Pahv.a j wei;.;hed from Jaijiie a Jaijiies 
 the 2'Jth ; the 30th came before Hati'ani ■, th: ?itl, 
 b.forc AfKni, paOing hy that unfatli-mablc place, 
 
 Vol. 1. No. 40. 
 
 tallul ihi bfct!f>ml--r»-pit, ftvcn Irapiin IkIow Jitjn* 
 a I ii|u.>, where tlu il.jah i» nil over untathmiuble, 
 aiiil ihur inile« ntrof.. 'Ihe natuft tviry wheie 
 ppeaie.l 111) nf mrrelpnndcnre till tiny raine iipnn 
 t 1 (iiddC'iral!. June the fc end, they an< *.or .1 t 
 C.p- ApnIU.nia. At Jaiiur « J.-ijiics ihev m t e ■; 1 
 ihe r.olvit nl Mrill,.!," Captain Ilatding, «hol-il .1 
 liniii .Sieiia l.inna Kfotc thim, liaun'j purduhd 
 iliiily (laves, id whuh C-ptaiti ft it. ha was on- : I 
 
 I hem 
 
 Tnmh. 
 
 the |i ll'-wiii!' ir.tl'iuholy llorv I h.ii 
 
 11 111 lit a wii 
 
 . I^re, 
 
 hud 
 
 i.hir.id 
 
 wiih th-ei or four of ik (fnut -ft of his couiitrymrn 
 Id ii.'.Kiny, b .nK allilU I hy a wimun C.i\i, whu 
 || Iliii'j h III one n!;l.t iliai ilici- wire only fi-.e- while 
 in- n in .Ink, .md ih. v afic-p, brouj;ht him .. han-met 
 .It ir- l.ime liiiic to ixeiule Ills treachiry : he wjjI.I 
 "iiK en;^j;,c 01 c r.i'iii l.< •• Ilnw him en liie deck, be- 
 lil > ihe Vionun, wiun f.iidin,' ihitc failnn on the 
 tiireeaille, he pielently i!i'pau lied two with finy^'i: 
 llinkis on the ten I'les ( the nihei-. mufun; w it'i ih-.- 
 lUMl , 01 e of them leiifd Tniirlia, but wa« miirdded 
 bv him III ilie laiiu- manner, liut ilie hill two nil ol 
 ilie five takiiij; the alarm, ll-od upon th 11 (,ii..id, and 
 iheii d' knee I. mi awaked the 11. iller 111 d iiKath, w hu 
 luiining up, to'k a h'ndfjiik--, and Itllini; Toniba 
 with ii, fecurvd them all 111 ■"in. 
 
 C'.ijilain H.iid.iij; o-.lv wl i] p. J the two fto-jt (l.ives j 
 hut the three otiiei .ibtlt'irs (tle-unh not aitiir', m-r 
 of llri n;th for ill he ftnt. nee, to t;iicl I'e.ilhs mal- 
 ini; them liill eat Ihe heart and livers of nne nl iheni 
 in kill. d. Thr w"mati h' h lill.d hv ihe ihiiilih', 
 ivliippe-l, an I ll..lh,J iicr w.ih knnc%, before the ether 
 llav>< till (he ilied. 
 
 They anchircd at Axim, on the tth of June, the 
 till! I.iiropcan l.et.uy heluns'i^;.- to the ]Jii:ch ; and 
 ni.\i .l,iy they cim." fo Ca|K- Tre-; Punt.u. Mell Ihips 
 touch here f'lr the ronv iiience of w ali r (which ii 
 re d Ihtulily upplad ahuej each vilKl p.iyipgaa 
 ounce of t'old lor the piuilege, John Ccnne, then 
 the piinrip .1 cahelhii, whole town lies tlilte mileii 
 writw.ird, feiit olt' a fervanf with his commiflion, 
 vvliieh wasalai.;e gnld-hc.ided cane, engraved with 
 lis na-ne, tod.manuit. Thtir ncgled in it, with 
 -.me obviou- ill treatment vi the apmt, brought John 
 !own ne«t day «ith a polTe, who leiiing on -heir 
 watir-iialks en ihore, carriedtrn0rad07.cn of thiir 
 lien prifnners to his tnwn. The ofTicir among them, 
 endi ;.vou ring to dill ini;uilh the kiiij.','- fliip from ott-e s, 
 ot his head hio! c 1 John, who uiuierllootl Ent^lilh 
 e:;nu__h In fwear, faying at the lime lin.e, Hy ti — , 
 tliai he was king there. IIoacvci, afur (ome trou- 
 hle, he accepted, in reconipence, fix ounces of gold, 
 .ir.d an anker of brandr. 
 
 The Djiiilh lort (lood on a hill adioinin^, which 
 I'on.e few years fince, having being lelirquilhed by 
 thi 111, and iherebv falling into John's |>oiVi Ihon, has 
 ue,-.ifionnl lome toi-.tift het«e<n him and ihc Dutch ; 
 tliefe lall pritrndin^ a title of putihafe in 172c, lent 
 a bomb xtllel, and two or t' r e frii;ates to dim. nd a 
 furrender ; but J din bein; a bo'.d and fuh le fellow, 
 anfACrcil, that he expciUd fiin lii'lruniciit (b.-uld ba 
 (b-?An him to ci n.'irm the fale ; and even with thi.t 
 (laid he^ " I can Ice no preience but to the guns, the 
 brick an-l fton-.- of the building, foi the grnund w-s 
 not theirs to difpofc of; they paid no rent for it (con- 
 tinues he) and lines they hive thought fit to lemovr, 
 I do not defigii to tenant it out to any other white 
 men while I live," This fmt of difcouife vexed the 
 Dutch, who thrciv in (nine bombs and fliot j and 
 then raftily landed forty of their men, unJerthe com- 
 mand of a lieutenant to attack the town: they fired 
 once without any damage, and then John, at the head 
 of his men, ruffling from under cover of the houfes 
 with a greater force, cut them in pieco, paving the 
 entrance of his palace, foon afteri with their I'kuls. 
 
 This made him very exatl with every body about 
 what he called his dues, though juft in trade ; when 
 the tnglifh had returned to a gcxxl underllandinny 
 
 U' Ihe author with fome other officers paid him a vifit. 
 The foutherly winds made fo great a furf, that theif 
 6 £ landing 
 
4ft 
 
 V o Y A n r. s TO T If f. 
 
 hliJi')^ !•» .!..IIReiuu», IIT tn Sf |irifiirmi.l l>> ihnr 
 •AvnbMUi liiir I'v i.'iiinr* III hi< luiOni^', |. r vifuih 
 ihry |uij ilmii. j.liii hiindli itix.Jiin Ihi't, loir- 
 tuvc llitiii, 4lt.iitliJ vvilti J j'uani ot thiiir intn, 
 Jiiiikr bii-lii jriin , vvliocoiiiluLlril ihrm f hi, hoiilc. 
 I'lin *4» 4 I'ruty lar^c luiiMin,., ijilnl |r.,ni ilic 
 iiuU'ii.iU lit the (nil. It .ikcml» aiili j il.iuMo florn 
 ft'ii-iMlc willioiit, (if iwj\c l\ept I nil ih^l rt iiir .in- 
 ' Ihirc )(ii,)J iii.iiiit i one hit junory, 411011. ir Ins 
 •.IliiiiIui, Willi .1 It.iiiJin^ IkJ III Hi 411,1 J ilinj lur 
 riiiciuiiiinciil uf Kiull., luriiillicil wiih l4hli»< iii4ir<, 
 ^C. Th.-waylii 11 l.iy thrmi^l) two i (.iiit-v.iiilN i 
 iheiMilii h4J liiulo (ut Diriiin .in>l lirv.ii.i, li.liun;- 
 ing 10 hull) 'I'f innrr, (4 (p.n.i..ii, (.|u4u ) h4il 4 
 gu.iiJ r.iotii inU ijoixl 4rniurv Ircniiii;; Ihi' rnir.iim, 
 VI. h piu^4« lo 41 iiniiiioil.il • Ins <;iiiril<, .nul ini- 
 niit4li.s III litiic iiir.iluic tl;ct;l4H.'c-ur il thi I'rudiili 
 |{ovcrni>r»i with wh'im J.iliii li;iJ hmi 4 lt-i»4ni lur 
 luinc vi.'4ri. lie w.ii .1 ilii.|ij;.ni,ulf iii.in, 4biiiit fifty, 
 01 4 lulliii look, .iiid 1 «niiii..iulnl till' rif()tct ill bciii^ 
 b4u'-ln,4j.J fiiim 4II the luY'i" 4biiut hini. He 
 ftiewcd ivrygrvJt cuil.tv In lUc tii-lifh, who lud 
 iriiiriml Ins l4lutc of lit i;uin, and nude up the 
 buurh iif w.Krimgoii hi« nwii titnK. 
 
 I'liidiii- him ihi-jilul and f4ini|i.ir, ilicy now vcn- 
 tuifJ tc ilk hlin wh4t was Kcmnc of ilir Ouiihincni 
 ftiilN that latily p.ucd thi- inlraii.e of his home ? He 
 iiii w.rid, tlu: jbiiut a ni.inth Ixtnrc ili.irlhips arii- 
 ».il, he hi. I |iiit thim iiiio 4 ihtll, wiiii f.>mi; biandy, 
 |)i|ii-s, 4 lid t"bJiTo, and biirii 1 tlu-in. " fo ,i.iv4 h.\ it 
 l> ci.i.f that all m.iliiii)i .ul I di.|i4rt, and III. |iuilui;; 
 ti|i a l.w iKcilliius ttith the ciir|iU-, liuli ai ih- V 
 lon-d, i« iiu- vv IV oi iifii ctin^ ihi; deii.drd." 'I he 
 author Irarnc.l, that 11 was cullonury with the rail, 
 to laiTifKi' u flavc or t»\.ialfo at ih'ir luftvf lis. 'Ihi. 
 under jaw-b.>iir<i of ihelc Uulchinui, Julni (hewid 
 hini (Iruiij;, and hanging mi .i lue in ilic co'.iii j.ii.l. 
 Inis ilii.f was IHI Ills \igiiiiiiu III iiiflicliiiy 
 piiii'lluneiir'i, than cxifliiij; his dues. A lew we' Iss 
 beloa (he Ihips arrival he hati coiidrmirii a iniirdriei, 
 (4lih«ii^h he lieniod txciiublr on the pi nu iplr of iil;- 
 jcfeiui.', wliish John d:.i not uiideilt .nd ) ;iiid iii.K't 
 the cri:iiin4rs mvn biotliir, who u,is one of Ins 
 belt ferv.iiits, to be the vMeulioiur bi fiie his fa^i', 
 by tyin;^ a Lir^e Hone, like a nnlltone, about Ins 
 neck, and throwing him into the lea. 
 
 lly his riches and power, J. din had inr.rofi" .1 the 
 trade of the plaee : and by thofe mcani rcduitd th. 
 traders prohts tu twenty per cent, a diiadvant.i);e 
 ulrich ihemiiilvn contributed tu, by undcilcllinj siu 
 ano^tr. 
 
 The Englidi left Cape Trcl Puntss, on the i+th 
 of June, and the 15th, anehored at Dixto.e, an 
 Kn^^lilh factory. I hi>, iiucionda, Anainaboo, nn.i 
 tither», thuuaih called lactones, arc the tehiknce <<nly 
 of two or three people from the principal one <il C.ipe 
 Corfo, uho have con.nnlVw n for wliat Hade tliiy 
 tranlact, befides their regular fal.iry. 
 
 On the 1 6th, th?y weighed from thence, and an- 
 chored nc.\t day before Cape Corfo cnllle, the Knglilh 
 African company's chief fort ; the relidence <if their 
 povernor, (tyled diroi^nr-general, two merchants, 
 u fccr-.lary, chaplain, furgcon, faiitor«, writer*, 
 miners, uilifierMi, and a company of loldiers, with 
 buildings anJ ccnveniencies infide, for thei.'ilelvcii ur 
 flave5. 
 
 About thi! time of this voy.ii^c, the company had 
 railed bv lubfcription, 39^,400 pounds, and in 
 I)eceniber, 1 722, made a call of live per cent, allow- 
 jii'.; the piopricturs as had been accullomed, a divi- 
 dend of three percent. In Deeeniber, 1 72 J, they 
 expofed tu fale 20C,C00 pounds llock, at (hiitv per 
 cent. " Which, fayH the author, fliewvd their affairs 
 haJ but .111 ill af|>ei:t." 
 
 i)i\ th-.- 26th of June they went to AnamaHoo, a 
 noted part lor windward Ihips : the .'.Sth, to Mount- 
 lo.'d i the JO!h, to Birkee, and then Shalloe. Through 
 the whole courfe from Surra Leona, it may be 
 (ibUrvcil, that W(M)J, candles, or any other (hip's 
 uceiiarict arc hard to get ^ the former, not from a 
 
 l*'n 
 
 
 w.ini in the tniinliy (11 bTii|; iiv«i-iii,i) b.it an im- 
 palUblc l»e4ch, whire iliiic it no nivig4ble rivrr, .ml 
 lhcdifKili-iK< ul (he ncgii'S where 11 nn^ht U- h»ll 
 liipplud , and the other, b'Caufr intrchaiil-ftiip* du 
 not expect II (lailo of that fuit, 4nil (hiulore uipiu- 
 tiilrd. 
 
 Tallin^ by Accra, the River Volta 411J the I'apin 
 Ci)4ll, they amhi.ied at Whuljh, July the ^ih. 
 I'hc whole ciiall was a llraighl line, w.ihout gu^jlK 
 or hiyi, i» ti.iek let with Inn, having 4 tendtmy of 
 the Ii4 with the wind, and every whcr* • scry 
 roii^h and tuibulint beach. 
 
 I hey palled by a hicJi mount before they rrachcd Ac- 
 cra, whieh the auihiit was told hat Imii Ken to fniokc 
 like 4 vi(li.iiio. lor lint rtaf.in, and becaule ii i* 
 the haiiiil of wild K.ill-, it is lalled the U.vil'i llill. 
 But the molt daii[;er to tia\illert it iioiii a pro- 
 digious number ot aprt, f.itc live Ket \ons. , and 
 monkeys wlo attack lin.^le pallen^eis and d ive 
 them into Ih • water, wlieu- ih Ic creatures are afraiJ 
 lolollow. They Kii \\ hulah on the 201b, and the 
 48th ainyed .it I'lincc's llland, iKlongiiig to the 
 HorlujiiilV. In their apjiroaih they faw everyday 
 many w halts, tlittllicrs, and peiieU. Mere they 
 cl am-d thiirlliips, licaviiig down bv one another, 
 but with thr fatigue and heat together, a» alio the 
 irre;;ularity of the failors, buiied thne or four mtJl 
 4 li.iy t^^r lix weeks to;;elhjr. 
 
 'I iicy airiud very healthy j but the illand furnith* 
 ing pawn-w ines, and the inc.ins nl debauching at c.-fy 
 ral^', and their tents alio niving opp.irtunity, tlie 
 feaiiun loon r..n into ixecl , which btouHht mi a 
 malignant lever, that reilueed thiin in two months 
 to J.librrate «h:ther they could mocetd fafely to fi.T, 
 w.tlioui a return of men from Kngland, the Wey- 
 mouth not being able to purch.ife her anchors, and 
 the S»e:;llow witn diffuuliy : but the aullior, as 
 lur^con, judged it bell to go, though ia the moll 
 Mcl.ly eoiiouion, fmce biin;; thu> removed liom the 
 caule ottheir calamity, (calnii, heats, cxcilEvc .inJ 
 diforderly linn;!) who<ver were viliicd with the 
 iiitlu-ip.r, would llnd a ciilis in recovery or death, 
 wliicli weuld flop the inleclion. Therefore, with 
 !hj airiflaiice of luiiic men Ironi a Dutch Kall-Indi* 
 lliip, th.it li. ppeiied to put in, thrv got und.-r fail. 
 I'lie f vcft lor want of iiectiriric! tumid in many to 
 fliixc , and piirlmd tliein, with violen e. The 
 W eyt..oiiili, which brought out of I n -land a 
 compliment of 240 men, having at the cii^l of h-r 
 loy.i^.- lio dead upon her books. 
 
 CJn the .icth of September, they left Princes Ifle, 
 and anchored the 28th at St. Thomas, about a leaeue 
 liom the fort, which lies on the larboaii^ point of the 
 bay. This is the princlpil of the three Portuguefe 
 1 Hands on this co.ilt. Hogs and fowls arc excec-din(; 
 cheap. 
 
 Happy it was for Mr. Rnwry, the matter of a Briftol 
 vellel there, that the man of war came in ; for 
 hisiiicn had made him priloner, and were difpofing of 
 the ilavesat a very cafy rate with the i;oietnor, who 
 rejccls no Ichrmes of profit. Uovsrv, wlio had 
 been difi ountenanccd by him on his mens complaint, 
 was now heard indeed ) hut not knowing rightly th.: 
 method of getting men to get nway bis btigjiitine in 
 their company, he was ohli;;eil to have what price the 
 governor would fet on her and her cargoe, and tonic 
 palTagc with them for Ca|>e Corfo j where upon de*- 
 niana, he accompanied his leave with a handlonie 
 acknowledgement for his diet, and went home witb 
 (lie account. 
 
 They regained the field Coaft in fifteen days from 
 this idand, and leaving it again, October th? jtli, 
 llretchcd with their (laiboard-taclcs to weftw:!rd, c'c- 
 ligning tn (Irctch as far to windward as polTible, that if 
 any pirate (hould b.: on the coaft, they might have 
 them under their lee. 
 
 On the 20th, they fell in with Cape Apollonia, 
 and the 2 {d, unchnrrid at Axim, having met in the 
 pallX^e lome fprinklings, which they underlinod hid 
 been heavy fliowcrs on Ihore. Oa the 24th, tliev 
 
 car.ir 
 
I7'*l 
 
 t () A SIS AND I J I. A N I) S OK A I U I t A, 
 
 4TI 
 
 league 
 
 ol'ihe 
 
 cfc 
 
 cccdinj; 
 
 ftol 
 lor 
 fin^ of 
 ho 
 ho had 
 pliint, 
 lyth-- 
 tine in 
 cc the 
 took 
 )oii Jo- 
 nJlonie 
 witb 
 
 from 
 
 -. st'-u 
 •d. Jc- 
 , that if 
 have 
 
 >11onu, 
 in the 
 xkI hid 
 ihty 
 cam: 
 
 rmiie lo Cii|w Thrrt- PoiiiK, wliirr nfplr^tinp to piy 
 John C'oiinv hii lUity lur w.uct, he Ui/ed li>in« ol' 
 Ihiii nirii till IjIiIi'iI. 
 
 I h^^ Jr)>.irtiil nil thi <nth, nml jrrivcil iifxt «lay 
 «l L*fv Lnrlii, wluirlhcv iiiiiii iIKmhI ih.it Ihr |iirjlc« 
 tiiidct the ciMiiiiuiiJ nl C'uptiiM KolxrK, hud bcrii 
 |iliiii>lviiii;; tluir <hip« diiwo thr whuli- ■ .Mil, but wire 
 Ihcii ihuiighi III bi' ynne olt t iht- liu ll j< couiii ul any 
 \vlii> liml liiHiriJ, Ikiiij; hi All^llll Ult : Ih.rlorc 
 living iiiidir 11(1 .i|i|iirhi:nlioii iif ihtir Kluiii, thry 
 dniUcil ihu pruvilKiiit vvhiih hni Ix-t n fi iii tbilhir 
 lii'iii K.nf[lanil, lu ihcni, leaving ih.- Wi-vmiuib, 
 niiw tlilabU'il ci wri^h h'T »mh<'i , N.miiilH'r ihr 
 lutli, the Swulliiu IIhuIuiI uw ly t" wiii'lwjnl, and 
 ill <i niniitli'h iruili' rrpc.itd ihur \ilii« «i Suc<'<>nda, 
 Dixtuvt', Aci)iii.d;ih, C.ipc I r(» I'liiil ><■, A>im, 
 Ctpr Apiiliunian Alhiii, ILillain, J.iiiiu*, Sc. 
 Tlicir dili^ii wjH lu Inure IimK, .hi ;i '.kiy (hi|>, 
 h\ |iurchaliiiu; lUv >, jiiJ iinprrffinu ii> ii liciin iju- 
 llicrchanl vi'liil>. .NLuiy iniMiittd thi> by lunniiii! 
 •Way Irum III iiriiliiuni, {»% thrvull.tl ii) bad <if 
 Ainri diet , but at niurv wml wiili kl:. piral<« on ihr 
 limt' pri'tcnce, ibe author obfcrvc^, faili r an- govvrnrd 
 merely bv lapnrc <ir humour m ihii rt m 'I. 
 
 I'hey keeled and it niblvd ihiir Ihip .'i Surcon 
 da, and at Dixcuvc iliry wire informed, (hat ihc 
 liddieri, who raiiic under their convoy t ir llie 
 AlriLaii company'! fcrvlie at (lamhra, had mi.'inird 
 wiih Capiaiii Mallty, one of their i>ffici-r«, difJ..n- 
 inK the bad ul'u.ifri ol the merchant »h(> hid ih.. 
 cuinMundof viituailiii;; them i that alter nailiii^ up 
 the (;iin«, they retired lo tli.r (lup lluin|H'r, whuli 
 tiroiight thorn over, an. I tlicic by a joint cmilVnt of 
 George Lowi!ier, the licoiid male, and funic of llu' 
 fuilors, prociciii'd lo fea. 
 
 Ai '-.ipc Apnlloiii.i, they fnuiul all tl.eir old .u- 
 fiuainlaiKC were j;one. The iiuten, who livo or 
 lliree isunilo luliie h.id lint off a djihi <>l' loui 
 •kkit, was lately with her people furred to remove to 
 Alfiiii. It IViins the Saiitisur .'\ll.:iiti<, on tlip inck 
 of the Appolloiii.ms, being piovoknl bv ihrir fre- 
 quent depredations, h.iil Litely been dot* n .mldrivin 
 them from their habiution.., iliroui-h (ibvnif. Ive< 
 faid) the inlligalloii of John Conny, iWir neighbour 
 and competitor. At Airu\i, therefore, they found 
 llitm preparini; to revenge this injury ; they b<iii!;hi 
 up .ill their tr.iding arms nt a c;ooSJ piiee, and gave a 
 fowl for every (lint ihey could Ipare, (there b^inj' no 
 fuel) thing in the country). They are at fearlels at 
 any of their colour both in trade and war, and pro- 
 miled themfelves an amendment of their fortunes, 
 which the author fmcc ihrn was informed they had 
 accompliflted agalnd Conny, 
 
 At Cape Tres I'untas, they found the water pond 
 almolt diied Bp, though the y^ind at fou(h-ea(l had 
 brouf;lit on two or three heavy ftiovvert of rain. 
 Thtfc falling, cojift.int tliifk foj-s fuceedcJ in the 
 'ay; and what was very unurml, at tlie dillance 
 they lay at anchor, they had di.'wi in the night on 
 board. I'he current fct wcDwaid. 
 
 On the 6lh of Janu.iry tl.cv anc!\orr,l at Mini, 
 the Dutch African companv'> principal fort, and 
 next day at Cape Corfo, which thcv left on the loth, 
 .in purfuit of the pirates '''e govern.>i h iving received 
 two or three exprcirej, informing; him, that they had 
 taken a fliip near Axiir, the place they had but juil 
 comf: from. 
 
 The pirate Re.brrts having ftruck a p-nnic into the 
 fr.iders, the men of war were feverul limci in their 
 late cruifc, alaimed »iih reports of their being again 
 to windward, which kept them plyiug ; but thele re- 
 ports brinit contradie'led, and the raflinel'i of the at- 
 tempt confidcred, they returned to their rendefvout 
 into Cape Corfo road, wli'ic thev had fcarcely ar- 
 rived, before Phippi received iiiieili^nce, that they 
 hid taken a vellel a few lea^uet oft', and committed 
 frrcac cruelties. The pirates were well m inncd, hav- 
 ing; much increifed their ni:ml>er by ihit double expe- 
 dition, and the reputation of the' r fnrccUct, thelea- 
 BKii every where entering with them, and when they 
 
 rrlufid, it wai hy riiiort, rather Ihroiifh fear, than 
 any drtcllalion of the pra^titr. Tliiv eoiirlii.lrd 
 ihrreluii to follow ihtmlo \\ linl.ih, ihat biio|(. H' «t 
 to C..|v Coilo, the ihirl place hr Imoiv. Amnd- 
 '"iht January i{, airiviii;; tin i< , tl<> v Iraiiu-d ihit 
 the piraie« had pliindeied and laiiliimd rliven l.nl ot 
 Ihips sndlellllii' plaie hut two d.iy. belnrr, on rlie 
 ir|Hirt ol Iheir lollnwinK thrin, when tin y nulled 
 of llieiii by 14 houii 'I he K^tli, ibey eaiiielicloie the 
 lllc ol I'lincct, and lound the l'ortu,,ucle llr.in|;irt ta 
 the iirw«. 
 
 On Ihi.' flirt of Fibriiary, they anchnrrd at th« 
 mouth ol the river Cialmiir, a gond harlimir, ibey 
 thought, for thrir itiipiinii, the navigation brinu 
 dilliriili ; but finding lliein not there, thry d 'p.vilcti 
 ihe jil, f'.ir Caiie l.opi /, where, ariivinj^, they lnoii 
 dileuveied the three iniale Oops at anchor ill that bay. 
 One of ihrm, whicli wai upon llie heil, righted at 
 li);blol them, (lipped lur e.ible, .iiid began the ih.icr, 
 bindin<( fonie ol her l.iiK as flie came out, by which 
 tl ev fa>v the rilhnrlsof their enemy, whofcll aprii* 
 lu them h<f .re ni^'hl. 
 
 Oil llie in h they got up with the c.t|ie a;;ain, and 
 found ihe pii/i '» confortv vfry ci'l'v in the li.iy, white 
 thev llai.l In long, that ihepirliKrs d.iiiblcd if they 
 wnuld move I'm th m i but ai length, as the men of 
 war advaiieed, ih.ireyes wer.- Innn opened, when all 
 iii.iiliiiid Irr'hii'.ci!, they cutllicir cables, and let their 
 fails; up »ent the black flae, and in great defpair, 
 ihcy contuiiiid a runnini; (ighi, while only the chace 
 l;uii« cnul.l plav upon them, and Itriick prefently 
 whi.-ii a hro:id-fide rc.iehed ihmi, without the leaU 
 damage dune to the SwalUiw i diuiikennels, inadvcr- 
 lancv, and difurdcr makin.; them fall an eafy prey, 
 l-ibruarv the 1.7th, they anchored at Cape l^ope/ bay, 
 lci/iiii{ ihrie the ihiid pirate fliip that had Ikcii dilerled 
 hv the h»iul>, for their bettei ile.ipe or defence, in the 
 nth. r. 
 
 The pinte«, fingly, were men of cour.ige, yet 
 wanting difcipliiie, and fume dirci5tor to iinile that 
 l.iri e, v.eie a contemptible encmv, thry neither killed 
 nor Wounded a man in taking, which niuli ever, 
 in th'.' f.ime circumliaiices, be the confcqucnC fate of 
 lucli hattli?s. 
 
 Thrv found in the three (hips abov.e 300 Englidi- 
 men, 60 or 70 llout negro llaves, a great plenty of 
 trading good], and a large quantity of gold dult, to 
 tic v.iliic ot in,oool. 
 
 [ I he pf'i pie, their wives and widours, who thtiught 
 themfelvts injured hy it, petitioned the lord} cofn- 
 niitri<mersof the admiralty, the fecrelaries, anihother 
 officers of ilatc, forarti.il of this giant. The of- 
 ficers joined alio in a pi'ltion for ithe earl of Ber- 
 keley's intcrpofition, to obtain for them the divifion 
 they might prove over and above what wai fuggcfted 
 in obtaining the privy feal, but without any fuc> 
 ccfi. 
 
 The number of prifonrrs gave a great deal of fa- 
 tigue and uncalinels, duiing a fix week's paflage, left 
 their fituation Ihoiild prompt them to fome tlelperatn 
 attempt for their liberty. February the i8.h, th fe 
 were brought to their trials, when fil'ty-two were 
 executed, fevcnty-four ac(|uitted, twenty condemned 
 to fcrvitudc, and fevcntcen committed to the Mar- 
 flialfea.] 
 
 While they (laid in the road, twnoflicers paid a 
 vifit to Mr. Duller the diredor general for the Dutch 
 at St. George del Mina, three leagues to windward, 
 he received them fo much more kindly, that in 18 
 years which he had rcfidcd on thecoa(l, he had feldom 
 been vifited by hit countrymen, and of laic not at 
 all, which he imputed to the mifunderftandingt tha» 
 were frequent between him and Mr. Phipps, on account 
 of trade ; they therefore could not pay him this com- 
 pliment without offending the other. His (able had 
 tcndifliet, ancxtraordinaay (how in a place of fuch 
 fcarcity, with variety of beer and wine, and an attend- 
 ance of fix negro fcrvants, each wearing a gold chain 
 about his neck, the largenefs diftinguifhing grandeur, 
 a$ fine cloth or lace does a livery, When dinner was 
 
 , ■ over, 
 
tvc> 
 
 Voyages to the 
 
 1. .;!»•;• iticiii four gold tings each, (ilic make 
 ol llij 1. /iini: V 1 to iciiu-mbt r h tn, iiml lluiiftuvM.il 
 ihiiii ill' iU>ic-Iiuii!js, i.ir}>c iind \fcll (IikIcc'iI. In 
 ill.- uliitiioiri iIkv icnicJ to ii ('u!ir.i!C'r-li<iii|ir in the 
 ■: r'.'.len, nnJ in tlu- cuiiiiig his olnc'i* altinlul thcni 
 i" ih; b'lt, w hep- thty wiTC rtill (oii.i veil w iili murks 
 of un.iiC. ri i;il rclinct, ihrtc or I'lmr boxes of JJrjfil 
 lu:;:'.r, ^ihcii .i Icjrrc cnir.iiiudily ) jikI at piiu!ni;otf, 
 a I'itiiiti' ijl' iiiM!.' ciin^. but they were not u(al (o 
 
 h<. pi'ably .it the hn^liih cmIIIc. 
 
 ']"l'i.'v Lft Cape t"i>:;'.'un the (iril of M:iv, 1721, 
 and Oil ihf iliiiJ i.\iTic linwn toWhiJah. Merc tin \ 
 touk J l.iiKir out 1)1 .1 r'nnii^uiCe fliip, that hail been a 
 iDiil.Jor.Ue iii t iliuij; Ciptaiii Roarv's velF.'l, as iticn- 
 fiiirKil IxJciii-, .it St. I'luimas's , he, nn thr nfli'dlion 
 ill hi«; enniL-, anil liar ot' \vor:ce\il, lut liis throat. 
 Ab.iiit ill's li;ii. the avillior \va> niaiie piirUT to the 
 V\ iMni'U ! , almi'lt mrv hodi' bciii"; lic.ij who was fit 
 I.M ihc ii;;i.i'. Mc iiniin'Iivit. it with nluiTance, be- 
 in;.; uiujii.ililieil hinil.ll, mill tit itlur lot'piT, lU'waril, 
 nil iKCcll'.iiies oil board, but the iiiJuigence he ix- 
 pt-iitiil 1: '11 a woiilv, ii iiuianu'tr, ami Ionic little ad- 
 vani.;;c in i|uitting th.- Iiiiijcoii's eniplov, were per- 
 lo.iliv;'. 
 
 0.1 the 5ih, both inn of «ar ftccrtJ from Cape 
 Lii,j'7, |f> wiK'.l and watir, (to go Tr the Well 
 Imlic-,' whrr? thi v airii id the •iuili. I liis is a late 
 iiud jileui.iiit b.iy ; lliev anchored in io faihuiiis ; the 
 c.ipc,-iiitli-v e(l bv north i the waieiing- place Couth 
 bv lall, e.ir'i .1 mil; ;Mid an halt ililtan.e. Comin;; 
 ill, thev bini ;ht the cap- fi,uth-wel>, to avoid what 
 moft charts l.iy down, the (hoal callid 1' lerclmiau's 
 Bank, iibnit.i league an. I an half north north-ca(t 
 from the cape ; and theic are other ilioals bitwctn that 
 and the iii.iin to the northward. 
 
 At Cape Lopez the people fell one another, hut 
 few will venture on board Kuiopean fliips. I heu 
 t'jnilli.iv way ol faluting is bv clalping th.ii ban 's two 
 or three times to one another. l"o a fupeiior, the 
 cabofticr, or aped, they btilJ the knee, ra.lini; fitlf 
 their hand, to the out parts of their Ih ■iilders, cr 
 arms, then patting the others hands gently iIikc limes, 
 and crying Ciiamba each time, they fall b.-.ek, clap- 
 ping their own hands. To ixprils an exiranrdinaiy 
 friendlliip, they raife your hand as hi;.;h as ihey j.tn 
 reach. Many of tliem have borrowed nanus Irom the 
 Europeain. They do not folicit this favour till after 
 Icveral viiw?, they (i:e lonuiliirj; to be admired, or 
 think the perCons have (bme ( mcied fympathv, or 
 Jlkencfs with thcml'elvcs. As they conic ilomi in 
 tribes to trade, each hai a rapt.iin or leader, who 
 loves to ilillinguifli himlllf by an imitation of the 
 Luropcan drels, and is olteii lb awkftarJIy let out with 
 hat, wij;, and trccclics, that he makes a much 
 mure ridiculous /igure than any of bis naked atteii- 
 Uant'. 
 
 Jarohiis wa< nnc of thefe, be to. k nn him the 
 title of km?, without knowing the meaning, and 
 came on board tbc owallow in a very aniiipic figure, 
 anold Idilor's \vi^; turned iipbde down, half a pair uf 
 breeches, jacket, liar, &r. yet be (ecmed reverenced 
 much by the ollieis ; ..nd in ilrinking, two of thini 
 always hold up a duih befute his face, that he might 
 not be U-eii. 
 
 Tlietu'lom (fays Atkins) feems to have a ftatc in 
 it, and is borrovvcii, pirhaps, from lome neij:hbour- 
 inv monarch, of Mon. in itapa. As Jacobus and his 
 company grew druni:, (for they ilrank. nothing but 
 bumpjrs ol brandy) this rci|>ecl was laid afide, and 
 what was a great misfortune, the prince and his reti- 
 nue beheld, v\ ith winking eyes, iill their hovels on 
 fire on (hore. The oeealion was as follows : the 
 Ihips having all their colours flying, and ionic guns 
 fired in honour of the 2.9'h ol Mav, another leader on 
 (h )re niilinierprcting it, ss a pariiciilar relpect to ja- 
 cobus, (/revv j'.aloMS, feizej his boufe during the re- 
 vel, his wives and bit daughters, drank, up ail his 
 bran ly, eat ail his vit^tuale, thralhed his jKuple, and 
 (l'I b iih his houfes on tire. 
 
 , Next morning, on uaravJliiijj; the myflery, the 
 7 
 
 paffion was over, and all bcc.iinegood fii-iuN a.>Hiii — 
 I'hey h.iyc very little knowledge or me of hie' am ,^, 
 beeaule they hive Icarce my trade, thiir we;.pons Ik- 
 ing l|H;ar'., arrows, and duos j iind it is a liloodv bat- 
 tic among them wiiiii h.df ado/'.ii ul a liileaie knock- 
 ed down. — Wood IS told at llie i.itc of a laihom lor an 
 old Guinea llieet ; their water fice and calily come at, 
 but is » Handing pool, and nut fo well talfid as Iroiii 
 fpiings. Here thty purilialed wax lor making i audits, 
 now cxiecdiiig le.iic, and it is the mult cunvcilivnC 
 place lur lliij s ot war at leaving the country. 
 
 Leaving Cape Lopez 4111I the coall, on the 5th nf 
 June, thiy came in liglil of tnc illand Annaboiu, the 
 bieev.es Iniall at foutii, and calms alternately, ihey 
 kiuilci! tnree or loui ua)s lur thiw coiilbit the Swal- 
 low, which they loll in a fo;', and then vveiii lorwaid. 
 July the tirif, iliey made Cajie Au^'ulline in Uralii, a 
 h'ortngutle colony, and ancliured tin 4ih in Karn.im- 
 buco-iuad, the iiex: great port ut trade in this pio 
 viiiie tu Ualiia. 
 
 The liin they left Hiafil, having found tl.e tiadc- 
 wiuili blow home, and increal'ed in their llrcnglh to 
 this continent, bringing a dangerous Iwill into the 
 road. Augutt the 31I, they aiichuied in C'arlllle Hay 
 at Uaibadoes, wheic th.-y tuuk in a fupply uf ruin and 
 provilioiis. rhey left it the 9!h, and on the ajd 
 they arrived at l-'^rt Koy.il in Jamaica, v. heiethiy 
 found tlie Swalluvv had arrived a week bctort ; but on 
 tile 2tjth, a huiricanc drove the prize pirate ihip on 
 fliorc, biciv away aii iheir inalis, with oihcr damages, 
 that O.i.iinii! Uiein lure fix niuntlis tu refii, 
 
 Hoeii Ih'ps liav ine h.\cil iheii jury-iualls, on the (irfb 
 of Janua.y uuy lilt I'ort Royal, and anchored at the 
 Kavs. ieuruary ilie 7th, liiey left the Kays to make 
 the vviiuivvaiJ pail.igc, and worked up to Portmorant 
 111 Tin or leviii uavb, a dillaiiee of 12 lea,;ucs, where 
 me patlage n, in a nianmr, gained, bie.uili.' the lee 
 of Hilpaiiiola makes a liin.oth water, and initrcfjit.s the 
 (laue wind o'ten 111 Haws to advantage. J hey 
 met calms however for three or four days, but on the 
 17th got light uf the liitle ifland Novalia, where the 
 peopleot Jamaica kill guanas. '1 he 191I1 tlicy put 
 into Uonn.i- Maria Lay, at the wcffend ol llifpaiiioia; 
 the uiuai it.) , eljieiijly of the king's Ihips, in thi fe 
 parts foi wiod and water. 1 liey lilled ihjir calks at 
 a valley a mile louthwaid of the two bro\^■ll cliffs, 
 A here is very good water, except in Ibme winds, 
 when the lea geis over the bar. '1 heie arc two oth/.r 
 places iKarer iliofe cliffs, and not lo ealily oveiflown. 
 Heic Ihey bought fonie jerked hog's fldft liom two or 
 three fiiiiully hunters, belonging to I'ctit Guavas.— 
 At leaviiiL; ilie bay, a llrong louth wind loon let thcin 
 betvNeen L .ipc St. Nicholas and Maize, when they 
 came into imall winds, and a cuirrnt in their favour, 
 made by tiie old Bahama-itnight and illands difpol'cJ 
 here. 
 
 '1 he i6th, near the Ifland of Hcniago, they reco- 
 vered the true trade wind, call hall north j the 28ih 
 (aw the rocks, called Hogllies, by their obllivations 
 in 21 de^. 3b mm. being luincthiiig more north than 
 the charts. At noon they came loiiiid Atkin's Kays, 
 (pretty high out of the water) and before night made 
 Creioked, or Well llland. The lalf from whicli they 
 took tlieir departure, was VVatliii's Kay, 24 degree* 
 north, the trade wind continuing with thtm to this 
 latitude of 32 degrees, but taint and weak trtm 27, 
 cauled, as luppoled,by ihccontefl between tlie variabla 
 wind and that. — Iroin 26 to 37 degrees latitude-, as tar 
 north as V irginia, they found every day laij.e quan- 
 tities ofguil-wccd fiuating about the fhip, and ieliin- 
 ing in propoition to iliediihince; (o call'.d from a con- 
 viction ot IIS flowing fioiii the flioals of Hurida, and 
 by being found 3 or 400 leagues noilh-eaft, .n-brealt 
 ol the continent. J'his aiguer, t!ie aiiihoi fsyv, in 
 favour of a cuirent, though inlenfille ; cr that 
 it is longer or more to the northw.iid than fjuihward 
 in thofe latitudes I and contrarily, in higher north la- 
 titudes, near the li;as, the coneinent, have n tendency 
 fouthwaid, which is demonlfrated in theife iflands uf 
 ice, that drive all the funimer fioni thcnoith-wctt, a- 
 
 Jo.'ii 
 
 /P 
 
Mifr JV^/ fhmt /.•vmChi (h^ii 
 
 Kii.i/i>li 
 
 ,Hn-n^ 
 
 ^„.IM-/l 
 
 iV 
 
 ■>> 
 
 •20 
 
 
 
 ^il/lrtr^i../.' A' 
 
 
 
 
 '"• rVf f 
 
 ^t'ffi/tiktti^ Ktft ffkum /I*#r»' 
 
 //V ' 
 
 ,|':M-- 
 
 4M 
 r ^ could not lldp dip- 
 
 tl their rnurfir, ami ar- 
 of April, in the v.-a; 
 
 M SMITH. 
 
 mnniicJ with a (lout 
 brill- liini back, :iiul 
 , f . It w.is conini;\iiJcJ 
 
 ■-'channel, iodic nilvan- 
 
 ry him helow the Ark, 
 
 y of KuiiioiilVin's crew, 
 
 hrce buys, and fix ii;- 
 
 I. At ilay-brcak both 
 
 , kiiowiii,; the (jam- 
 
 jt a pafl'.ige. Mr. Or- 
 
 ralUd to Edmonron to 
 
 r, but by firing a brace 
 
 .enrat^cd the blacks on 
 
 ' hey be!;:;cd Ka\c to fire 
 
 prevented, and a^^aiii 
 
 It he dilchargcd j loaded 
 
 is men riri', and one of 
 
 thriiuiih the bnafl, r,n 
 
 a'loard, and touk pol- 
 
 ■ Kil into the river, and 
 
 ' r brought up the (loop, 
 
 r when Mr. Smith ai- 
 
 ' irey he was fent out to 
 
 ' S which held till Moii- 
 
 I !t with feme difficulties 
 
 t on (horc at Jill!r.;y, 
 
 bund the (horc fucli x 
 
 rdly poflible to meafure 
 
 thcr : and there w3s no 
 
 5 fo noody, that both 
 
 j •irepti-d. ■ Befides that, 
 
 Bck ants and vcncmous 
 
 j 
 
 ' • on (horc at Bunior 
 bo, near the mouth of 
 he didance from thence 
 t fide, the chief mate 
 rous to fee the method 
 *e?, they landed on a 
 fmalltown, where they 
 cd by the horns to fome 
 'hilf he was fixing his 
 f the natives cameaown 
 him, and not comprc- 
 cafuring wliccl, difco- 
 Sn-.ith did not regard 
 ion for a ftake or two tct 
 the cattle to chufc a 
 hich the natives, afraid 
 t them up the country, 
 e women and children 
 t came down in arms, 
 lily's (laves, who rowed 
 they told him, the na- 
 "cying inftrutncnts, bc- 
 itch them. Therefore, 
 \ the chief mate foU 
 lilundcrbuf;:, one of the 
 {thich the natives endea- 
 voured 
 
unfr.im/ fir .% 
 
 ««*•< 
 
 K^ r L 
 
 yJk 
 
 frti- Xn r Mui Itm/iMm /,''f/n*r^ , 
 
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 Hi 
 
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 t.H<tifli,t 
 
 // x*r/v/c 
 
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 / 
 
 ^ 
 
 lidwalum 
 /• ,,. A 
 
 /I IIHlli 
 
 liiiiiuh 
 
 
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 \\\^J>A L^*^'\*'*«r^ C^ i.^ ,.j<rr^ y*-'^'-*. "-'„,'^'&' jv 
 
 
 
 =W/.. <• /A- .t/^mtmh.lht *,'/*■'" * 
 
 T-^.i- 
 
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 T 
 
 v. 
 
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 fif^nk 
 
 \^ 
 
 W 
 
 V. 
 
 ^ OH NOR T II 
 
 s 
 
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 • •^ if> ytf^ VnrAt.iaHii 
 
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 '■* Hone rtrd 
 
 //V^ 
 
J 
 
 ovc, I.. .;.n-.- ilioiii fourg 
 ol' ill.- C'.ir'.ii V ^ to u-inea 
 ihtin Ills ltuiL-iiuu(i:s, I; 
 ihf jt'iciiioo'i tiny rtdied 
 <: Tr.L'ii, .'.iiJ in tlu- cviiiiiif 
 ><• th: b'> It, wlicri' thry wi 
 of uii-lili i\ cd ri'l'pi ct, thr 
 iu".:ii, ((Hlii .1 lcari.'i: coiiii 
 a /.iliile' ot" nine C'ln';. 
 h(. pi'ablv .It the Kiiglifli c 
 '1 liov kit Cape Coil'f 
 anJ oil tilt' iliiiJ cnmc iIomi 
 took i r,iiK)r out of a Purti 
 loiil.Jor.ile ill tikiny Capt. 
 tiimcii kl'iiu-, at St. I'liumi 
 ol hif ciiiiii.', and fear of 
 Aboiit tills li.'iv.- the atitlioi 
 \\ ivniim 1-, alin<>ll ivcr\ b 
 1.11 iltc Dl.'i.e. He undiiti 
 iiii; uiujii.ililicd hiiiil;.'ll, ,i|i 
 11 jt n..ceir.\iies dh board, b 
 peiiti-d iVi'ii a wuiiln iimir 
 vant.:;c in quitting tiu' liir 
 
 tllillV.*. 
 
 0:i the 5th, both men 
 Lop/, t'l wood and wt 
 lm!lc«; where thiy arrivei 
 and ]dcui.inl bay ; they anc 
 cape. mi til- veil bv north; 
 by cat), c.irli a mil; and a 
 in, they br.>ii>;ht the cape f 
 moft charts lay down, the 
 Bank, ah mt a league and 
 t'rom the cupc ; and there ar 
 and the main to the nrnthw 
 
 At Ca|ic Lopez the pet 
 few will venture on board 
 faaiili.i' way ol laluting is b 
 or three tiiiici to one ano 
 cabo(her, or aged, they bi 
 their haiids to the out par 
 arm.1, then patting the othei 
 «nd crying Ciiamba e.ich ti 
 ping thL-ironn hands. To 
 fricndiliip, they raife your . 
 reach. Many of them Iia/t 
 Europeans. They do not I 
 fevcral vitwf, they fee forai 
 think the pcrlons have foi 
 likencfs with themfclves. 
 tribes to trade, each has : 
 loves to dillinguifli himfcj 
 European drcfs, and is olten 
 hat, wij;, and breeches, 
 more ridiculous figure thai 
 dant'. 
 
 Jarolius was one of tin 
 title of km,?, without kne 
 came on board the IJwallovi 
 anold lailor's wig turned ii| 
 breeches, jacket, hat, &c. 
 much by tlic olher<> ; iiid il 
 always hold up a cloth befoi 
 rot be feeii. 
 
 Thccu'lom (fays Atkini 
 it, and is borrowed, pcrhaf 
 ing monarch, of Monomot: 
 company grew drunk, (foi 
 bumpers of brandy) this rt 
 what was a great inisfortuB' 
 nuc beheld, with vvinkingi« 
 lire on ftiore. The occati 
 Ihlps having all their col« 
 fired in hon.uir of the 7.9' h« 
 fli ircniifinterprcting it, aw 
 cobus, pre IV j'.alous, feizea 
 vel, his wives and bit dai^ 
 brindv, cat all his viituaUi 
 (it b.uh hit hnufes on Arc. k 
 
 Next morning, on uori 
 7 
 
 •.-i\ t'_ 
 
 T^^ 
 
1726.] 
 
 COASTS AND ISLANDS OF AFRICA, 
 
 4n 
 
 alone I coaft of NewfouiidUnd, even u far as New- 
 EnnTanJ. 
 
 'I'd the northward of Bermudas the winds grew 
 variable, and as they advanced, ftronj;er, having a 
 very hard gale at nortU-wcll, to 68 degrees of latitude, 
 which put them to a reefed forefail for a fortnight, fo 
 
 great a fca following, t'lat they could not help dip- 
 ping it up by tuns at their Hern. 
 
 From hence they proccnlcd on their rnurfe, and ar- 
 rived in Fnglandiu the month of April, in the vsat 
 1725. 
 
 VOYAGES TO THE GOLD COAST, bv Mr. WILLIAM SMITH. 
 
 IN the year lyjfi, the Royal African company of 
 England being willing to have an cxad furvey 
 taken of their fettlements on the coaft of (juinca, 
 came to a refolution to fend a pcrfon fitly qualified for 
 that undertaking, and accordingly, after an exami- 
 nation of his abilities, gave their inftruments to Mr. 
 Smith, dated Auguft 11, 1726, inipowering him 
 •« To take plans, draughts, and profpefts of all their 
 forts and fettlements ; as alio of all the principal 
 rivers, harbours, and other places of trade on the 
 coaft of Africa, from the CJambra toWIiidah. 
 
 Mr. Smith having received tlicfc inftrudlions from 
 the court of AITiftants, embarked on Saturday, Au- 
 guft the 20th, 1726, on board the Bonetta floop. 
 Captain Livingfton, lying at Gravcfond, in com- 
 pany with Walter Charles, ICfqi govi rnor of Sierra 
 Lcona. On Anguft the z'd, they lail'.d through the 
 Down?, with a lair wind, and on the 25tli reached 
 the Start Point, from wlicnre th' y took th.ir depar- 
 ture. They had for many days, north-call winds and 
 fair weather, till they got into the true trade wind, at 
 nort'.i-eafl, witli which they pailtd tlic I'rfipic, of 
 Cancer the fourteenth of Scptcniker. f Icrc ihey faw 
 fcvci il whitilli Mrdv, hiving but one long feather in 
 their t.iiN. riife llv very high, and arc called by the | 
 lailors '1 ni;ic Birds, being onlv d-c^i in the I'orrid i 
 Zone, hctHcen the tropics of Cancer and Capricorn. | 
 
 On the 2.;d of September tliey made the land fix 
 leagues diihmr, being a low fandy beach, a little to 
 the north-caft of Cape Verd, which they defcricd in . 
 four hours. Mr. Smith took a draught of this, as 1 
 his full attempt in the company's fervice. Next day, \ 
 they got round the cape in fight of (loree, a French j 
 factory ; and the 25th, entering the (janibra, an- 
 chored at Janus ifland. 
 
 The next dav landing, they were condufled to the 
 raftle, where tfiev found the emperor of Fornia and 
 his retinue, who tainted them by fliaking hands after 
 the European way, repeating in their language, 
 " Ciod blefs vou." Being feated, the author was 
 diverted to fee the emperor's grandees, and nobles of 
 quality on the floor, like monkies, on their buttocks. 
 An hour after his arrival, they all embarked on board 
 their canoes, except the empercr, whom the gover- 
 nor complimented with his boat, men, and union 
 fl;ig, laluting him, at his departure from the fort, 
 with five guns. 
 
 Some time before tlicir arrival, there entered the 
 Gambra, a Rhode Iiland built (loop of 80 tons and 
 fix guns, called the Ark, commanded by one Ed- 
 monfon, who having fevcral times communicated a 
 piratical defigii to his crew, which they would not 
 confcnt to, tiiey all, (except three white boys) went 
 on fliore at James's fort, and informed the governor 
 and council, upon oath, of what thcv knew. Mean- 
 while, Edmonfon fearing a difcovery, failed down be- 
 low Ic Maine Point, beyond reach of the fort guns ; 
 where meeting the fea-brecze and tide of flood, he 
 was obliged to anchor, thinking himfclf fafe there, at 
 Icaft till morning. The fuddtnncfs of his departure 
 confirming the failors depofition, the gentlemen in 
 Vol. I. No. 41. 
 
 council I'int the CJambra (loop, manned with a ftout 
 crew of whites ami bl.iLks, to bring liim back, and 
 prevent his doing other mifchief. It was commanded 
 by Mr. Orfeur, one of the company's faitors. 
 
 This gciitli-man knowing theehaniiel, took advan- 
 tage of the midnight ebb to rirry him below the Ark, 
 without lieing difcovered by any of ti'monfon's crew, 
 who were but nine, viz. the three boys, and fix ig- 
 gnorant, new purchnfed flaves. At day-break both 
 (loops weighed, and the pirate, knowing the Gam- 
 bra-floop,' w.is refolvcd to force a paflage. Mr. Or- 
 feur being come within hail, called to Edmonfon to 
 I bring to, who made no anfwer, but by firing a brace 
 of niufquet balls. This fo enraged the blacks on 
 board the CJambra (loop, that they begged leave to fire 
 on him, which Mr. Orfeur prevented, and again 
 c.illid to F.ilmonfon to ftrike, but he difchargcd a loaded 
 piece at the faiElor, who bade his men fire, and one of 
 th' lil.ick hoys ftiot Edmonfon through the breaf}, nn 
 uhiili ilij floop ran the Ark aboard, and took pol- 
 Iclfioii of her. Edmonfon leaped into the river, and 
 was f.i.i\ no more. Mr. Orfeur brought up the (loop, 
 wliieh by at anchor in the river when Mr. Smith ai- 
 rivt J. 
 
 Mr. Smith began the furvey he was fent out to 
 make on the 27th of September, which held till Mon- 
 dav October the i?tli. He met with fome difficulties 
 in it; for the firll day he went on (hore at Jillfray, 
 oppolitc James's ifland, he found the (horc fuch a 
 deep fwampey mud, it was h.irdly pofTible to mcafure 
 orget from one (lation to another : and there w3s no 
 going on the dry land, it being fo «oody, that both 
 the light ami paflage was intercepted. Befidcs that, 
 the trees fwarmcd with great black ants and vencmous 
 wafps. 
 
 'I he author being one day on fliorc at Bunioc 
 I'oint in the kingdom of Cunibo, near the mouth of 
 tlie CJambra, in order to take the diftancc from thence 
 to Barra Foint, on iheoppofite fide, the chief mate 
 who was with him, being defirous to fee the method 
 of taking inaccelfible diftanccs, they landed on a 
 fandy, level beach, clofc to a fmall town, where they 
 faw fifty or fixty black cattle tied by the horns tofomc 
 ftakes (li-ove into the fand. While he was fixing his 
 furveving inftrumcnts, fome of the natives came down 
 to the water-fi<lc to look at him, and not compre- 
 hending his theoilolitc, or mcafuring wlicci, difco- 
 vered fome figns of (tar. Mr. Smith did not regard 
 this at firft ; but having occafion for a ftake or two to 
 fet marks, walked towards the cattle to chufc a 
 couple of good ones, upon which the natives, afraid 
 of their cattle, ran and drove them up the country, 
 alarming the town, fo that the w omen and children 
 ran to the woods, and the men came down in arms. 
 
 Mr. Smith s(king the company's (laves, who rowed 
 the boat, thcmeaningof this, they told him, the na- 
 tives were terrified at his furveying inftrumcnts, be- 
 lieving he had adefign to bewitch them. Therefore, 
 to guard againft the wor(K the chief mate fol- 
 lowed Smith with a loaded blunderbufs, one of the 
 flaves rolling the theodolite, which the natives cndea- 
 6 F voured 
 
 i . 
 
-1 
 
 /V 
 
 474 
 
 VOYAGES TO THE 
 
 ['::*> 
 
 vourcil tn oppnic, by riinninji acrofs tlic part.igc, but 
 not daring to touch il. 'I'hc m.ui who iirovc it, 
 Avati-hccI cviry i.pportuuity to pu(l> the » litcl at 
 their leg*, but ituy w re too nimble tor him (kipping 
 to the right and Kit like goal*. When Mr. Smith 
 had don; his i'urvev, he r rurncd to tlie place where 
 the b.Mi lay : .inj being viry hut, f.it down under the 
 ihade ot a large tive, ord.ring Ionic punch to be 
 m.ide. 'I'he mate i; ung down to the boat to fetch 
 the ingredients, Air. binith, who was Icl't alone, 
 as foon as he was out ol light, law hinifelf fur- 
 rounded by the armed native*. 
 
 At laft the mate appeared with a bowl of good 
 punch, a draught of whi>h, railed his courage fo, 
 that lie gave a I'udJen 'i'fing from the ground; at 
 which ilic ncgros ran away in lucli furpri/c, tliat 
 feveral threw down their weapons and ifood at a 
 diltance i believing, a* he found alterwards, that it 
 was in his power to dellrny them. On this. Smith 
 took up a gun thev Ind dropped, and ventured to fire 
 with powdir amongll them; but the piece fe.ireelv 
 went oil' before tliey were all out of light. The mate 
 would have h.ul him purine his vic'lorv, but he 
 thought it ivifell to return to the Ihore, iiiid get on 
 board the Bonetta. 
 
 On the loih of October, he went with governor 
 Rogers to vifit the king of IJarra : who having 
 been informed before-hand of their coming, met them 
 about a quartei of a mile lioin hi* town, attended by 
 about 400 of his liibjtcts, fevcral beating on largi 
 loud drums, others l.juiul.iig trumpets of elephants 
 teeth, which all together made a war-like nolle. 
 The king welcomed them on fliote, and conducted 
 them to the town of Harra : his people exprefled their 
 joy by loud acclamations and firing of guns ; v^'ith 
 many ((range poHuics. At their arrival, the king 
 caufcd his cannon to Ik fired, that lay dilinounted 
 near his palace, which was a niud-walled cottage, 
 thatched with p.ilmetto leaves. 
 
 When they were feated, this prince lent for his 
 itiufician, who played on an inftrumcnt called a 
 ballalo. This inltrument was well toned, and gave 
 an agreeable found. His majcfty alfo for their divcr- 
 fion, caufeii I'everal natives to dance b^ fore them with 
 tirawn fwords, which they flourillicd with great 
 dexterity. This done, the kiii'; made a fhort Ipeech, 
 cxprelllng the regai.I the negros boic to white men, as 
 far as their iiuerell was concerned in encouraging 
 them. When Mr. Stnitli took leave ol the company, 
 to finifli his (urvcv, the king's brother and levcral ot 
 his noblemen would follow him. (loing along, they 
 afked the king's brother who Smith was, and what 
 ]ie was going about, as he left the company fuJdenh f 
 He told them, that Mr. Smith was a great, ingenious 
 roan, fent by tlu company to meafurc all the kingdoms, 
 iflands, and rivers in Ciuinca. They replied, it was 
 very proper, and that they were over-joyed he came 
 to meafure their country. 'I'oflie-.v their approbation 
 of the work, they made many primmaces, running 
 round Mr. Smith by way of compliment. 
 
 The Pagans, who are here more numerous than 
 the Mahommctans, have no other religion hut that of 
 worfliipping their fctilhe'-, for which any thing I'ervcs, 
 a feather, a pebble, a bit of rag, a dog's leg, or the 
 like. The word /<-///A, is to perform divine worftiip. 
 They carry their letifh aliout them, which is fo 
 Jacred, that they will let no body touch it but them- 
 felvcs. The day Mr. Smith dined with the king of 
 Darra, he oblerved the mufician had on the top of 
 his cap the tufts of a Crown Hiiil, which being very 
 beautiful, he went to take it oft' his head, to look at 
 it, but, to his great furprize, the man got up and 
 ran away. It i)rovcd to be the mufician's letifli. 
 
 The languages on the Ciaipbra, are fo many and 
 dift'crent, that the natives on one fide cannot under- 
 ftand thole on the other, which is a great advantage 
 to the Europeans, who trade there for flavcs ; be- 
 caufe the Gambra}*, who ate naturally Indolent,, 
 hate flavcry, and will attempt any thing for freedom. 
 
 On the luh of Ortobcr, Mr. Smith failed from 
 
 the Ciambravs, in the Ronctta (loop, in ctnip.jny 
 with the Uyam (!ally of Antigua, L'.ipiain H.ilir, 
 both bounii for Sierra l.cona. That d.iv and tl." 
 next lliev lleercd fouth-welt, a;id we(t-f)iith-well, t<i 
 lea, to avoiil the lho.ils ol Cirande. The 1 ^th, ih'V 
 llieied foiiih lor Sierra I.eona. Next ch y th-v hul 
 a Hark calm which continued fourtitn i!.i\*. Tlr.- 
 Iloops palled thiir time in vititin- lacli oilier djil_\, 
 though their mirth was often interiUjUid by 'oiiucc - 
 which generally laltcd an hour, and gave notice < f 
 their approach by cxetlTivc thunder, liuluiiii'g, :'iul 
 d.irk cloud*, which are fuccecdcd by rain* ii> he.u v 
 as water poured through a fieve. 'I'his weather ccn- 
 tinursall the wet fcalon in tJuinca. 
 
 'I'hel'e tedious calms brou ;ht them into fucli dirtrefi 
 for water, that had thiy not been fujiplied by ihiir 
 con fort the Byam, they mult have ii.ei it;dily pe- 
 ri(hcd, During thcfe calms they tried ll.e current, 
 which fet north-caft one knot. 
 
 On the jd of Novciiil-er they made land ten leariics 
 dillant, in twenty-five fathom-, whiih le'iig Miy 
 high, thry fuppofed it to be the high nir.unM 11 o! 
 Sierra Leona, and crowded f.iil to come up with it 
 bct'orc night. About eleven, they faw a lail in ftiorc, 
 and perceiving (he lay by, to watt for them, it gave 
 them apprehenfions, a* know ing how ' iify the pirates 
 had been on this coall the pnceding year. They 
 put themfelves in the bell polfiire of defence they 
 could, and held on their courfe till five in the after- 
 noon, when they found the fhip in ciutftion was a 
 friend, being the Q^ieen Kli/.abeth, Capt. C'reigl'.ton, 
 bound from Sierra Leona to Rio Nunc/, to tiade for 
 gold, teeth, and cam-wood. He, lufpeeiiiig by their 
 llanding in for llK.rc, that they were bound for Sierra 
 Leona, lay by to let them know that thele high lands 
 were the (doles, which arc fniall rocky id iiu!*, twenty 
 leagues to the nortliward of S':;-rra Lu im. Alter 
 thanking Capt. Creighion for this kind information, 
 thev proceeded, and at ten next morning, difcovtrcd 
 the Saul'aws, exceeding high hind, twenty miles up 
 the country. Whentheyg.it a-breaft of the Cape, 
 which was about fun-lit, they hoilted 'he u:i;i n Haj; 
 at the main-top malt head, and IVdutid with fevcH 
 guns, as did alio the li\nni. (All Ciuinea 'governors 
 are by charter empowered to ul'e the union ti j in 
 their fefpeitivc diltiic'ts.) 
 
 Thou.;h it was night, they failed into ll.c vvcr, 
 foiindini; as they went. 'Co prevent accid' nts, h ey 
 hung out a light at their enfi;. ii-ft fV, and th l>y,im 
 kept one at her gibbon end. Ihiy kept clofe under 
 the high hills. When they -'.ot up as hi;:li as 
 Frenchman's Bay, they faw two liglas clof- in lliore : 
 one belonged to a Imall trading bark, tli oMier to tlie 
 Kriendlbip floop of Barbadocs, Captain CrtUr; 
 who feeing their two (hips that aftenio.ii in theoff.nj 
 hung out lights to direft them wheie to ride. .Xs 
 foon as thev anchored. Captain Cn'-ier c 11. 1:1 
 board the Bonetta, to know who they were, av.I 
 then welcomed them to Sierra Leona. As they h^d 
 only Mad..'ira wine, their lime* bciii'^ txpcii'l'd, h-.- 
 lent on board for a handkerchitf full cf limes, and 
 aavc them an account of the coniiiani 's afl'air* at 
 Bonal I Hand. 
 
 On the 5th, thev found thi-mrives in a fmall, 
 pleaf.int bay, furroundid with ixcetd't.g high hiii., 
 all covered with beautiful trees, full of various kinds 
 of birds, who at day-break make the weds rclound. 
 Ca|)tain Croker faluted the union flag with five gun*, 
 ami had three in return. In this bay is extraordinary 
 good water, which gufhing out of the rock, fdls 
 down like a fpout, fo that they could fill all their cilks 
 without a tun-<li(h. 'I'hey watered' here, and the 
 bottom of the bay being clear of rorks, th'V dr \» 
 their feyne, and got a great many mullets aini iith.r 
 filh, alio an alligator, which the negros devoured 
 greedily. 
 
 They all went up to Benfe Illand, on wh'ch tliere 
 is a regular piece of fortification, mounted with 
 twenty-two pieces of heavy cannon ; befijes a battery 
 under the fort wall, with eleven guns more. This it 
 
 the 
 
[17.6 
 
 I7i6.] 
 
 COASTS AND ISLANDS OF AFRICA. 
 
 47 < 
 
 t!v.' r' fill nrc of iho r^ovcrnor 1 and Mr. Charles land- 
 ing', iC'iK piilltiliiiii <i| Ills |»'l(, anil nciivcd Iht 
 cuiiiplliiii iit> uliiili an- iiluiu on that occafi(.'n ) 
 tli.ujii tlic niitnor iiiiuukily I.hhI.iI Lis j lur not ic- 
 oilkctii.g the name at thr illand, he ni< ntioned out 
 Harai.iria, (which is one of no ripuic) iiilUad ol 
 KtnlV. 
 
 On the 27th hi began his llirvcy, mn ting with no 
 njipi'titi in I't.im the natives, :\i at tin- Uainlii.i, the 
 iiih.ibit.ints here being more u:cJ to tlie European maii- 
 iitis and cuftoins. 
 
 " It is not certain, (lays the niithor) when the 
 Er.nilhb'jcainc matters ot Sirra l.'.ona, which they 
 polielleJ utiinoUlkd, until Ridi. rts the pir:;te took it 
 in 1720; I'lUM*. t who was ati-rwards blown up in 
 James'f. tort, b.-in:; ■^overinit hire, 'riir cale was 
 ihu-. : Riii'iiis h.iving thrsC Ituiittliips iinJ r hiscoiii- 
 mand, put into Sicria I,.-cna fur fiilh w.iter, and 
 finJing a tradiii.; vi(i' 1 in the biv of Fr. -.nee, took ht-r 
 thctit ', and c.nird hei iii-o another near the c.ipe, 
 which is very dci p, an.l has a long narrow entry. 
 This the authoi in liis luricy has tiilleil Piiaio's 
 Bay, becaafc when Roli.tts had rifled that (hip, h.- 
 fct lire to her, and p.Tt of h. r tiottcyiu was ro be (len 
 at Ijw water, w lien M . Sni ih was tlieri . 'I'lie next 
 dav, RolKits lint up a boat Well inanned and arit.ed to 
 Governor Plinkct, dcdri.ij, to i;iio.s it he would 
 fpare hiin any gold duft, or povvdir am! ball .' I'Uinkti 
 fcni word, h' ii.id no gold Iii!t to Ipaa, bu: that as to 
 poHiiir and bail, he had lon-.e at his fervice, if h- 
 wouli! lake iic trouble 10 come tor it. 
 
 " Rober - ,1 nc ho.-ed with his <hips the next flood, 
 brforc Bcnl • Illand, and a liiurt uig.igrnvnt tollowed 
 btivvcen him an I the governor fur fiv ral hours loj't- 
 th'.r, till Plunket having fired away all Ins ammuni- 
 tion, lied in his buai to a fmall ifland cillid Tomba, 
 but bei:i|^ overt. ikeii again by the pir.ites, was brought 
 backag.iinto B nfe Illand, win n Robutsfwore hear- 
 tily at him, lor his Irith iirpudeiice in dariiij; to re- 
 fllthlm 1 I'lunket hni'iii,; the had company he hid ^;nt 
 into, fell locurfini; and Iwcnring fafter than Roberts, 
 which raileil much lauyhi; r Bmons^ the pirat s, who 
 bade Roberts hold his tongue, for tliat he had no {hare 
 at all in the d.;eourfe with Plunket ; hnwe\cr, it is 
 faiil, that by m:rc dint of fwearing, old I'lunket favid 
 his life. When Roberts had rifled tin warehoufes he 
 went on board, and tailed out of the river next ebb, 
 Ic.iving I'lunket ai;aii. in polTifTion of the fort, which 
 the pirat s had much dnniaL;ed." 
 
 The river Sierra Leoiia, is very broad at the en- 
 trance, bein^ fourleajues from the cape to Leopard's 
 ille, on tiie oppofite liJe of tlie river's mouth. The 
 middle is ihallow indeed, being in fome pLices dry at 
 low water. For the decpcil part of the th iinel lies 
 dole in by the cape, and thofe who enter muft keep 
 on the flarboard (hore, fail in j; clo^e under the high 
 land, where they are fure of regular ('oundin:;s, and 
 in all the bays good anchoring gro'.inil, but near the 
 edge of the flioals, the bottom is uneven and foul. 
 
 In this river the company have another iflmd, viz. 
 Tallo, which is large and flat, n"3r three learuis in 
 circumference. Here th--ir flaves have a good 
 plantation. The reft of the illand is covered with 
 v.oixl ; cfpccially filk cotton trees of a prodi- 
 gious fize. It likewife produces other forts of 
 cotton and indigo. 
 
 The river of Sierra Leona abounds with fevcral forts 
 of fiHi, motlof them good, cxcejit the oyllers, which 
 trow there on the branches of the mangrove trees. 
 rhefc are tound in Ihallow places, ihiir branches 
 having a material tendency to a ards the water. The 
 author faid he cutoff one of thefc br.'nches fo full of 
 oyflcrs, barnacles. Sic. that he could Icarcc lift it 
 into the boat. 
 
 Captain Livingfton loft no time during Mr. 
 Smith's furvey, in fending on Ilioic th: goods and 
 artns defigncd for the ufe of the fort. But the fliip 
 w.-inting to be careened, and to get up a new mizcn- 
 niaft, they thought this a good opportunity to furvey 
 the river Sherbcro, and for that purpufc sbcaiiicd of 
 6 
 
 the governor nne of the company's (lonpt, with pro- 
 P'.i hairii, j Ivli-. Chailes h.wiiu; iiilUudtiuiis from tha 
 lon.pany, as the cither i^ov.'ini'is l.;n', t'l give all the 
 allill.ince to th • fiirvcv. 
 
 Mr. Smith f.iiKdfroiii Il^nfe idimd inthrSicrraLrona 
 flooj), on the 14th of NuvLiiiber, C nam fCiikiii.'.n, 
 iniompany vvilli the Jaquiii II 'Op, Cipt: ;ii Ridley 
 who Wint wiih them, in otder to get a knowledge of 
 tlia' river. The 16th, they roaeiml tin IJ 111 'iia ifli'P, 
 the lar^eft of which is will inhabited. Hie Mr. 
 Sinitli had found Conic white people who h.ul ([uitlej 
 the company's ferviee, and lit up lor thenil \\l- , hav- 
 ing Hoops ot their own, in which they trailc.l north- 
 ward, to Rio I'um^o, and Rio Nunc-/, for flaves, 
 teeth, and can-wood, hy which means thry hid 
 hroughi a conii lei.ible traoetotlufo iflcs, there bcin;.^ 
 lew Ihips bound down the coall, but \vhat touched 
 ht re. 
 
 They were becalmed at the month of Sherbcro ri- 
 ver, onihei2ih, and faw fevend wan r-lj)outs ne:ir 
 ihcni. The next day they ;;nt up as i.ir as a fma'I 
 rown, belonging to .Vlr. Z.ich.iry Cummeibus, a Mu- 
 l.itto, fon of a late En;;liih .'.gent on '^\.>rk ifl.in!!, 
 A'hire he wa' kiii'lly cmertaineil ; but .\Ir. Smith 
 being iinpatuni to fee the ftate of the coiiiMiiny's af- 
 'aii- on Vork ifl.inil, proceedtd direcllv up the river ; 
 and on the 20th landed on that pl.icc, where he found 
 e. 1 whit- men, but one Mr. Holditch a ficlor, who 
 .\as dcftitutf of duinec againll the natives. They 
 had paid him fevi ral vilits, and always took care to 
 larry awny what they likid o( the company's cffcdts. 
 The fort was then in a ruinous con.iition. 
 
 The king of Sherbcro hearing of Mr. Smith's ar- 
 rival, came on the 21ft with a train of .it leaft near 
 300 men to vlfit him, bringing v\'ith him, by way of 
 prcftnt, two quintals of rice, two goats, and a li/ic 
 wild hoar. In return, the author puf nted hi? ma- 
 jefty with two brals pans, two pewter dilhts, a fa- 
 thom of flctias, (a thin fort of linen cloih) and four 
 bunches of beads-, which he gladly received. Thu* 
 (letias he tied immediately round his neck, with 11 
 double knot under his chin, the two ends han;.in2; 
 down before, over a furpliee of Cape .Morte, which 
 was of cotton, (Iriped blue and white. 'I'hcn the 
 king pulled out of his bofom the bu"-y end of a lion'.s 
 tail, which he flourifneil liveral times nbatit, and 
 nude a long harangue, the meaning of which (as 
 explained bv Mr. Cummerbus) was, that the lion'? 
 tail was his mnjefly's fi-tidi, and that he flourifiied it 
 CO fhcw his power, and the extent of his dominions ; 
 and, laftly, that in his harangue he delircd fomc vic- 
 tuals to refrcfli himfelf and his people. 
 
 The third day, after taking an Inventory of thiJ 
 company's cft'edls, and appointing one Allen a writer, 
 to be afliftant to Holditch, .Mr. Smith fainted the- 
 king with five guns, and failed down the river. Hol- 
 ilitch and Allen im.igined on thi'^, that the king would 
 have returntd to Shcrbero j but finding tliemdlves 
 mill iken, and knowing his flay wculd be expeiifivc, 
 they came to a lefulucion to intrcat his majeffy to re- 
 turn home. At this, the ki::g fell into a great paflion, 
 fwearing by his fetifh, that the country was his, and 
 that he only fuff^ercd ihc Englifli to rcfide on York 
 ifland on certain conditions j that the ground, and all 
 the goods on it belonged to him, and that he would 
 make them fcnfible of it, as they had not paid him his 
 cole or tribute. 
 
 To this Holditch replied, That it was not three 
 moons fince his cole had been paid, and therefore his 
 n.ajefty could have no jult claim on the ci mpany. 
 Thisanlwer fo cnra^jed the king, that he ftruck FIol- 
 ditch, and feizing .Mien, draiiged him to the water- 
 fide, and threw him into a c.inoc, ordering his peo- 
 ple to carry him to Mr. Smith, and tell him, that 
 he had lent Allen to him, as having no bufincfs on 
 York river J but as none would venture on the mef- 
 fage, Allen got leave to return to the fort. In the 
 mean time, Holditch had written a letter, which he 
 privately difpatched by a fit'^le man in a c:noc, to ac- 
 quaint Mr. Smith with what had happened, and that 
 
 the 
 
-^iO* 
 
 I 
 
 476 
 
 VOYAGES TO T HI 
 
 fi:/^ 
 
 ) 
 
 the kin^ was th"n Io;ul!iV» liis canoe mit of tbo coin- 
 piiiy's ivarclioulc, uii.l iiulcls prcviiitcJ, wuiilil ciiiy 
 urt';ill the goods. 
 
 'I'hc author, 0/1 rcitiving this letter, comiivmic.itcd 
 it 10 Ciptains Kiikh:ini ainl KulKy, giving it ;<:■ liis 
 opinion, chat they uught iiiiiiic<!i.itcly to j;<) to the 
 ainiiincc of HolJitch and Allien ; th.ir they lud iid- 
 thiiii; to fear, having a ^ujd ihip inouritcd with tiglit 
 guns, and therefore uu^ht not to (laud tamely l>v, 
 and fee the company robbed before their faces. Kirk- 
 ham exprcHcd his readinefs to li-innd Smith, btiiig 
 Jireifted in his inrtruclion* from Mr. Charles to take 
 his orders from him ? but Kidky f.iiil it was ni.idni is 
 with (ix or cif^lit m>.n to attack tlirce or four luimlrcd. 
 However Kirkh.uii being lefululc, the otl>er lon- 
 fcnted, and accoiilinjily they weighed, am! h;uinj;a 
 (Irong tide of flouJ, and the fea bret/e, (boii reached 
 York Ifland. Jiy the way they charged all their 
 guns with mufquet ball. 'i'he channel being bold, 
 Ihcy came to anchor within twcnt) yards of the Ihore, 
 «jn the outftde of the king's canoes, to whom and hi:; 
 people their arrival was no fni.iU lurprilei elpeci,<ll) 
 wlicn they faw .Mr. Smith laml, followed by the two 
 captains, and two of the company's llout young 
 fellows, all arnied witli cutlallcf. 
 
 They m.irclicd to the old gate of the parade, whii h 
 was then (landing, whcic Itood about loa of the 
 king's negros left to guard it, all aimed with guns, 
 javelins, fcimilars, ftillcttos, 01 cutlall'cs. tuiiitli 
 tibferved them tcrrilied j for they opened to the i>;,hi 
 and left to let him march in. Iluy picceeded di- 
 recHy to the factory houfe, where tlic king ftomi 
 with his guards before the daor. Thefe guards ih.mIi 
 lome oppofition : but Smith wiih Rkiley lij]i\d ;i 
 way throu-.',h them into the h' ui'e, uIktc he w.is 
 ple.WlJ to lee a tliiul white man with Hi'Mitch and 
 Allen. This was wnt \V lUI, a I'oKl.ei- cl the com- 
 panv's, who li.id th.it dav come down the river. .Mi. 
 ^^mit-ii then aJ.lielied the king (who uiulriltood 
 I'.nglifli, a.rj couKI Ipiak a little) in a Hern iismiier, 
 .liking him, \\ Ime al! his e.mois, loaded widi tlie 
 company's cmi wimd, were bound : The kiir^ m.,Je 
 norcplv, but Holditeh and Allen poured out thiir 
 complaints of theillul'a^e they had met with Irom 
 his majelly. .Smith afkid (he kin;;, If thefe ;.llt;-,a- 
 tioiis v.iier'. tr.ie : Init li.id no anfwer ; on whuh he 
 toll! him, He h. id given him a ro|)c to h.in,; hiinfjt, 
 .md fci/iiig hiin bv ti.e collar of his new lacHiK tii, 
 which he iiad Hill on, he dra;.»i;ed him out if tli • 
 houle into the middle of the p.iiade : v\htre, leli.ie 
 all his guards, he bi.il him over the b.uk «ith his 
 fword, (;:n aetion n 1 v talli and imprudent ;) wlni 
 followed was Itill more fo j for .Mr. Smith alterwards 
 carried him t'orcibly to the water-l'ule iinil put him into 
 a canoe, withi.rJtrs to Ridley ani Wild to cuirv 
 him on b.Mi'd the Hoop, .nnd put him in irons: but 
 his fubjcdls incenfed to fee the kin;^s perfon fo u(ed, 
 oppofed his being tarried aw.iy : '-'yi'iS t^"''' "" 'be 
 canoe, till the En. Iilh, by wounding fc\eral of them, 
 got her launched ort'. They even foTlowcil it into the 
 water ; and one of them had got behind Mr. Smith 
 with a Turkifh fcimilar lifted to cleave h's Ikull : but 
 being fcen by Ridley, he jumped out of the canoe 
 time enough by aback ftiokc to difable the fellow's 
 hand, breaking his cutlafs with the blow, which he 
 replaced with the negro's fciniitar. Theiiaiiyes now- 
 grown dcfpcrate at (.cinn; their king a prifoncr in the 
 canoe, guarded by Wild with a cullafs, and Ridley 
 with his fcitnitar, attacked them very clofely, lo 
 that Smith was fcarcely able to defend hlmfelf. In the 
 mean time the people on board the floup being 
 alarmed, called on Ihore to know if they (houUI fire j 
 but the boat lying next the vefl'el, Smtth would not 
 permit it. It w.is now dufkifh, and one of the natives 
 was coming round in order to ilab the author in the 
 back : but Ridley gueffing at his intention, ad- 
 vanced xftcp or two forwards, and with a l'ortu;i;ucfe 
 ftilletto made a llroke at his face, which laid his 
 mouth entirely open from car to car ; on whirh 
 account not being aU« to (gs^, li« kl up a terrible 
 
 bellowing. This fo frightcnrd hi< comr.idtn ih.it 
 It gave Air. Smith an opp.ituiniy ot 11 .iltin;/ .1 l»roi,ji 
 thi lilt at one who had boi lie liaid r,n him, w;.,.m hi- 
 ran into the ihigb i on wlinh ;lie ii.gio (i.-oiipul !.., 
 fwotii, and ran ctl, the r. ll lollomii/, uli",in I'ly 
 clofel' p'lil-icd to the woo.Ij. U idle »^ in the i...'^u 
 time c.iiiliil Ills royal p'ilor.er to ihefli'cp ; but v.\, i\ 
 thy I,. .d got along fide if her, ami Kidlei, v.,.sbuiv 
 lalteniiig the canoe with a rnje t > the limp, tlio ki;i^ 
 nipping olF hii hat ami luiplicT', unpeucived Ui'ic. 
 iiil.i the water, and Iw.uii 1 11 Ihme. The captain 
 having faliened the cunoe, o.deud iwo cf the men in 
 tome and draw his majilty upj but tliev eiulJ liiid 
 no more of him than his oullide cale. J'.iirajid at the 
 dil.'.ppuii'.tmeni, they c.inie diiee'lly (,ii (hnte, .iinl 
 gave Mr. bmiih the king's appiul, with an aicounr 
 of his eleape. He by this ii.ue jud:,iii,> that 
 this ateiiluu might beatlunlid wiih uiiIik'U iiiili . 
 iiuentcs, as the king had fiiiha nuiui'ir ul aiiliidii.m 
 on the ilia/ul, whu, as well as biiiii. If wnt 1.N..IJ.1 - 
 rated it the treatmtnl they h.id met wiih, he ihoir'jit 
 it jiroper to concert wiih liie red if his company "th^ 
 proper nieal'ures for their fiuritv, and to pit vent tic 
 enemy luijirifiiig Benfe faclou. 1 heir loiiiieil v\a» 
 held in a large canoe, whieli lav under a iii.iiij'iove • 
 tree. It was there relnlved, (uetoiiliiu' to tiie i.ulhoi'sr 
 propni'.il) that Holuiteh, Allen and Wild lliouli 
 lep.iir to the faclory houfe, and put tlitir I'.rxk |.o- 
 ple there, in a poHurc of delence : iKat thty (lioulil 
 walk all night on the par.ide, and il they l.w any 
 negro they (hnuld diieciiy lire at him ; and that Mi. 
 Smith, with the two c.iptains, and the two Gto- 
 nii ttas, Ihould taivC care of the company's eri'eets on 
 board tlic canoe?, which were towed off and falleiuif 
 to the lloop. I'hele being l..fe, and the two captain* 
 .ind Haves on board, who li.ad diieclions to (lay ami 
 lire on a proper tignal, .Mr. Smith returned on iliote,' 
 intending to reintorcc the garrlfon of the l.a')or\',' 
 but by the way a fliot from the woods graz,td his left 
 ear, and fnged his wig. This put him into Inch a 
 (tight that he r.in to the faftory, where, tlumgh (e- 
 veial (hots were levelled at him by the way, hr got 
 late within tlie parade gates, at the dirtancc of t>.re« 
 tui'.ongs (torn the water-fulc. Here he ventiiud to 
 peep out, and could plainly (ee a laigc body of r.egrcs 
 r.illlcd under a gieat (ilk cotton-tree, which (luVeil 
 him what an eminent danger be badifcaped. Seeing 
 the ciKiin in the ("anie plate, he called to Ridlev on 
 b 'aid the lloop to tiic two o) his guns as near the rei t 
 of the tree as he could ; which h..d fucli fuceefs, th;.t 
 cleicn of the negros were killed or mort.nlly wounded, 
 riiis dilptrfcd the enemy, who cairiedoit" the de.id 
 into the woods. Mr. Smith then gave oukrs lo liie 
 white men to fire from the parade, if any number of 
 men fliould appear near the factory ; and went In 
 lepod himfelf. rinding all thitvgs ipiirt when lis 
 aw.ikiil, he ventured down between two (laves to ibc 
 water-lide, and was rowed on board the (loop, wheitr 
 be kept watch all night on the deck. About one 
 o'clock Holditch called to him with the trumpet, to 
 let him know he faw a body of negros marching ip 
 to the parade-gate, Mr. Smith ordered him to (ire, 
 which he did, and killed one auJ woundid imothci, 
 who proved to be the company's linguilf, An- 
 tonio. About three o'sl.ick, Mr. Smith heard tho 
 milling of a canoe near the (hoie, on which he Cent 
 two (laves to fee what the matl,er was ; thcyihfcovtrt J 
 three men, who jumped overboa.''d at their ai<]>roach, 
 and fwani on flinre amongll the mangroves. Jl'he 
 (laves brought the canoe on hoard, and at day-break 
 one ot the men brought Mr. Smith a lion's tail, found 
 in the canoe they had taker,, which he knew to ho 
 the king's CetKh j whe'.ce he concluded that prince 
 would have m.ide his cl<:ape in tiie night, if they hail 
 nut intercepted him. 
 
 Mr. Smith went on flioie with Mr. Ciimmcrbu?, 
 Ridley, and two others at fun-rilii', to confult about 
 removing the company's cU'etls- from Vork Kland. 
 The fir(t objeiS he (aw at entering the faclory was 
 Antonio, who lay on the floor, jjroauing with his 
 7 v\'uunds. 
 
1726.] 
 
 COASTS AND I S f-A N D S OF A F K I C A, 
 
 ^T'T 
 
 wnuiidi. Mr. STiith, fccniiiip; CiirpriliJ, HolJitch 
 tulil hiin, Anti.no was ;iiiuiiij;it llii; imn lie li.ul .li- 
 recUil li:in to lire jt in the iiiuiiiiiit; AiitoDio r.iul, 
 •' It is tru ', nulK'r, I luvc two I'ni^u s, loii^iic lor 
 white 111,111, ,in.| t()ii;;iie lor bl ii k iii.iii i I ileliie tn 
 die ; but I V .1111' tli.it white ni.iii llioiilil nit killhl.iek 
 Jiirui, but ht Iri.iiJ.*." Mr. .Smith hI'miI, why he 
 c:iiTie in a biilhie manner? lie rtplie.!, there wire 
 lev-ii i tlut ih.- line who was killeil, w.is a inelKii:;cr 
 fron the kin^;, with urt'-rs (i( |)eaie, anJ the cither 
 five Wi lit b.ick. Mr. Stniih (irdered his wduiiiJi tii 
 lie ilitflal viilh fdinc excellent liilvc he ha.l brought 
 Iriiin Kn^land, and told him he fh'iuld live it he had 
 (pokeii truth. 
 
 'I'lity afterwards held a ninfiiltnti'in, and Smith 
 propofed uiiiiuiiij; the ci.nip.iin ■> ilKcl. ilnwn to ,i 
 town called Janiaic.i, in pillVlliiui of iMr.Ciiii.ir.tr- 
 bil', as the place th y w"ie in, wis no way defenlijil.', 
 in cafe bolHlities coiitiiii.d with the natives. Mr, 
 llolditch objected that Inch a removal nii;\ht be preju- 
 dicial to the company, but deiliiiinj; to !;ivc his rca- 
 (bns, it was thouL^bt projier to examine Antonio, be- 
 fore they determined. Holditch bcin; named eb.iir- 
 man, Antonio was called in, who appeared with 
 many extravagant figns of fubniiirion and joy. Ily 
 liis account th'v learned, that th? king ha I been im- 
 polld on by bis trcafiirer, in relation to his die, or 
 tribute, ot which, bcint; I'enfible, he had lent lix of 
 his I'libjeiits with Antonio, to aecnnint the Kn^lilh 
 with the error, and n.-gotiate a peace ; that the kin'; 
 had, in the mean time, ord.'rej all bis fubjeols t.i 
 difarni, ami not (hoot or oftVnl a white m.iii, on 
 pain of deal !i ; he added, that his in.ijedv, with bis at- 
 tendants, wcio in great want of proiilions at tlut 
 lime. 
 
 The examination of Antonio was (Varolv liniflied, 
 whenoneof the wateh came anil iiihuiiicil llr.in, th.;t 
 a lin^Ie blick unarmed, wascoir.iiv; fioiii th.' woods ; 
 ami tint as he walked at t>ertain dillances, li.- threw 
 biiiil.lf piolhateon the ground. Antoni.i rejoived at 
 thi<, leapiiiLj and crying. That he was a niellinjer 
 from the kini;of Sheibero, who by pnivinp the tr.ith 
 iif what he I li.l, would be the means of prvlerving bis 
 life. 
 
 The niefl' ngcr beini; introduced by Mr. C'nmmtr- 
 bus, informed them, *' That the king his mailer, 
 was lorry he had olFeii.led the white men, by demand- 
 ing of tlicin cole which was not due, as he found by 
 the confciri.in of his troafiircr, whom he put to death, 
 us the caul'e of this diftercnce. That his niajefty vias 
 defirous to be at peace with the white men, and 
 had ordered his fubjects to lay down their arms, and 
 forbid them to ofl'end any white man on pain of death ; 
 adding, that the king and his company being (hort of 
 proyifions, begged their aflillancc, whieh IhouKI be 
 repaid when be returned to Sherbero." This mcfl'.ige 
 agreeing with Antonio's information, laved his life; 
 but as the envoy ni,ade no mention of the preceding 
 embally, Mr. Smith alked him about it, and found it 
 was as Antonio had laid, with this addition, that it 
 was by Antonio's means this difcovcry concerning the 
 king's cole was made. 
 
 'l"he envoy beini; withdrawn, the king's mcfljge 
 was taken intoconlideration, and it being the opinion, 
 that it was againft the company's general iiiterelt to 
 remove their cfieiEls from York illand, provided a fe- 
 »'urc peace could be made, they tliouj;ht it would be 
 proper to ta'<e advantage of the king's prcfent diltrcl's 
 to brine him to finer terms. It was therefore rci'olved 
 to fend .VIr. Cumnuibus as their ainball'.idor, to ae 
 <|uaint the king tliey Were defirous of living in gond 
 harmony with him and bis fubjecls j but that as bis 
 niajcfty had, by the ill counfel of bis minillcrs, com 
 niittcd bolt-lities, by attacking the Knglifli, and lii/. 
 ing the comp.iDy's eftedts, they were determined, fur 
 til :ir ii'tter fcciirity, to reniovcfiom York illand to Ja 
 maicatown, in cat- his niajeltv would not grant the 
 following pi i\ ilfges to them: Kirll, that lie would 
 Uvear by bis iVtifli, that he woul I not for the future 
 vilit York iiLinil with inwie than .'4 .utuid;',nts, and 
 
 VuL. I. N'o. 41. . 
 
 thef iinaimed. .Seconi'le, Tl.at tum .i'j/( cit •!-- 
 .:ros (liould land on th.- ilhml m a h< llile mai'iier, Ik 
 ir thiy (hould be put to d.atb. I'liiid'', that Alien, 
 his m ■jell)'* cole became due, no nmro 'ban fl\ \" 1- 
 fon« Ihould come to nciivc it. I'l nilb'v, ib.it tiiol'' 
 Chiilliaii] or whites, who iiiii,iliitu! 'ii wh.ilK'ti. 
 (hoiild have the Ireeexercife of then ri 1 • on. 
 
 Whin this bid bieii rtf dvid ujii'ii, ?,.r, Ciimn'-r. 
 bus let out with the king's envoy lor the w>H.ids •» 
 execute his coinmilfion, can) Ing wiibliliii ilie l n :'.^ 
 fetilll, found in the canoe two il..y~ liil".e. '1 .e 
 king w as fitting at the fotit of a filk 1 ott'ui tree, fur- 
 rounded by a crowd of his fiibjids. 11- toti U) n 1 1 
 Mr. Cininicrbus, who, having paid his c-ini|limeiit , 
 Llivereil his meir.ige i towbiehllie kw.-/. replied, iir 
 was iiiiwilliiig to be af enmity with the w bites j ih t 
 wbi n he uturned toSberUro, he woiilil hold a Syn- 
 lic, and decree the pilvilrges the I'.nglifli difiieo ; 
 bcLi'ling they would not remove fioin \'i ik ill.u d, 
 and promiling them ll.ivts, cam wood, ;;n.l Ivory, tu 
 a good value. 
 
 Mr. Cummcrbus being returned, and the king's 
 ani'wcr confidercd by the c.iuiu il, it was in half an 
 hour lelolved to remove the conip.iny's efliCli IVpih 
 York idand to Jamaica town, for the follow in;; lea- 
 fons : Becaiil'e the Ling of Slieibero w.is a man whole 
 word was not to be relied on ; that ^drk iflanj was 
 iinlortilied, whereas J.im.iica tow 11 was a place of 
 Itreni.ih ; and their pnnilions being much exhaullcd, 
 the p-acc offered tiicni might, lhtoii_'h ticachcrv, 
 pTO\r their ruin ; or, at half, be an additional weiglit 
 to tlie company. liLlidc, the uninval v^•Ollld at 
 bait iayetlie company the eolc, or tribiit/, paid 10 the 
 kin-. 
 
 Mr. Ciimnierbus returning to the king, kept iijni 
 in talk till he heard the ^uii they had a;^recd on as a 
 ligiial, when he told him, in an angry tone, he had 
 b.'en very impolitic in treating the KiU'lilbas he had 
 done, by ort'ering to rob the fadtory ; th.it the Kng- 
 lilb h.id already put the company's elFects on board, to 
 be carried out of his kingdom down to Jamaica town, 
 of whieh the gun be bad then heard, wasafignal. 
 The king feenied very unealy at this account, and his 
 fiibji. els began to mutiny. Mr. Cumnieibus, attended 
 by iNntoiii), repaired to a point of the ifland, \vhere 
 one of their canoes received him ; but he left Antonio 
 behind to watch the eiun.y. The canoe hail not got 
 far from Ihorc, when fiver.il of the natives appeared 
 in puifiiit of him, and let fly ftnie javelins and ar- 
 rows at him. He could fee their numbers increafe, 
 but was out of their reach in a little time. The 
 next day towanls evening, Antonio and fix others, 
 found means, in the hollow of a tree, to paddle down 
 to Jamaica town, and informed thim, that after Mi. 
 Cuniinerbiis's departure, a difpute arofe between the 
 yiiigand his fubjedls, that the king, 'o avoid their 
 fury, ordered them to purfue Cumnierbiis, the am- 
 bad'.idor, whom he acciifed as the caufe of the Kng- 
 li!h leaving York iflaniL, as ap|Haied by th.'ir remov- 
 ing to his town of Jatnaica, charging them to bring 
 him ill-ad or aliyc. This fchenie had 'ts effee'l, for 
 while they were bufy in the purfuit, the king, (who 
 dreaded their refentment for loling the advantages of 
 the company's trade, might induce them to dcllroy 
 him) took the occafion to withdraw, and was never 
 beard of more. The native, who, nt their return, 
 I'oiind their king had abfconded, pioccidid to chul'c a 
 new one. 
 
 i'his new chief, whnfe name was Maximo, dif- 
 patchcd a flayc in a canoe to Sherbero, w ith nnlers to 
 the cabofliirs to fend a number of canoes dirc'tly to 
 convey him and his people from the idand. He then 
 repaired to tbefaiJlorv, where bepaJled the night ; and 
 the canix-s ariiving the next morning, he embarked, 
 after rejci^ling the propofals of fome of his nobles to 
 burn the failorv. 
 
 In the mean time, the (loop with the company's cf- 
 ffdls arrived fafe at .Jamaica town. Here Smith went 
 on (liore with Ciinmievbu.'!, and pitch on two good 
 houfes, which he bought of him for tlic company't 
 
 6 G 
 
 ule. 
 
) 
 
 4r(» 
 
 Voyages to the 
 
 f':w» 
 
 ttii; .V an nfi ril*. At h!s fird |jn<lin;;, hi- wis 
 nricivci hv .1 iiu'lilwr of fw»>;.l,' Jt fhr vvjl' r-liJ--, 
 anil Ml- C 11:11111 il'us l,j<iki- m iwiU'l 1..-. i;)ii(i c.i)>'.iiiis 
 tu biJ (Ik |i^«|iu' (u pay th: ujtiior thr liirlull iiini- 
 pTinK'iKv, Ahuh »js J<jiil- llrj«. 1 lu'v 'iil) lur- 
 roiiiitliil liiiii, •Kill (hen twu el (li.m c.itiliir.; )iim 
 11)1 111 r!i' ir aims tuiroj him <in iScir (hnulJtrs ,<iiil ran 
 ■iw.iy >'. ;(li him >i> ilu' (mv II, nunn^ .iiitl itjiullingas 
 it fx'HcllaJ i lomc liipmg .iml l);i,i(imp, .iilurs cliAii;- 
 iii!^ ;ii)J iJirrlur^ii)^ (htir niiil<{uc(s Js taU .c^ jHjIliblo. 
 At liili Mr. Siiiiih \vj.s alrjul <i/ lunn: iiuk, )iu( lu' 
 was Toon ronviacLii they dclj^nfj no ill, lor (hiy 
 rarricii liiin thu.«, iliruu,i;h cviiy ninur «l (he (own, 
 the women an J chiKlixii gn(hi.iiii|( (o dieir J>Hirs anil 
 cUpiiin;^ (hi ii luiuls for joy. Diniiii! tins ceremony 
 (winch iaih'il alHiula tjuartcr til an liom) .Mr. Cnni- 
 nitibu> hail 1 •Iruiii beating, ;inii a iruiii|ii( luuniliivi* 
 itt his (liHir, where Mr. ttinith w.fj a( l.ill Lt Juwn, 
 his bi-arers havinj; ran him ami iIkiihJii's out ot 
 breath ; CuiniiKrlius lalutit) him wilh a lalioot Tevcn 
 linall guns plaiiteil near hi^i boul^', .il;.r vvhirh, he 
 cuniiuctid him iiitoal»r;;e open nxini, ttherc the 
 cloth was laid for iIihiut, or lathcr lir>|it.'r, it hcinj; 
 palt four o'clock. The (able was liiwii viiih krcral 
 tiilloof iKiili-d and IryeJ fiOi, with io.>i>, .is yam;, 
 and potatoes. The Ircomt c<iiiili:ol' n/all meal, w«^ 
 ■ furc-qijarter ol' a yoiKi^ kid, as gimd .'i> veiiif:.<i, 
 and four large fowls. Mr. Smith never w.in(cd plenty 
 of victu.ds here, and tolerably well di^fllJ. He 
 found hi-i Drong liquors liiniUlf, and whiu his fu;;ar 
 was OIK, they Jrank Madeira wine. 
 
 Havinj, fedled the faclory here, Novitiiber the 
 29th, hi lailcd, rdiiting the town with fu en ij:un<, 
 which were riliuir'd i.iujil.T. \Vh<n ih.v \rire un- 
 der fjie, C ip.'wi iCiikham tolj Mr. .Smith they had 
 but e;'^'il (I'lillt jol .^)J']•.iIa left J ulinh ivjsiuigood 
 new?', .\ much gri-.".tvr ijusiititv ol lii|ii ir biiii:; luviC- 
 fary in (It I.- iiotclioutcs (hoi in I.juijic. Hou-lVci, 
 ani'.iiiriiv^ M Imi-watir lie.ii a (ilan. ivhtic ( « one of 
 Ihi ( iiou-.i il.is fjij] lome wild fii^ai-r.ines ^^rri*', they 
 fi'nt hull ai.d iwii li.tvoi in (hv caniie, who in iivo 
 hi>urs re:uriii.<J with a bundle. Thvle rhiv cat and 
 prilicd, (Kvj)iiJi tiiitn in u.itc'r, till it v,-i- ('woet 
 coough to make punch, for (hey li.'.d mm xiid liiict 
 on board. Novrmbtr the jcih tbvy ."ii out ut the 
 river's mntiih, and anchored at the Plantain ilK>. 
 
 Kirkhjiu b.'iaj; .ic(juimted with .Milfrs. P<-::.'ce and 
 SanJctlim, t\ ho rilided (hire, look .Mr. .Smi(h on 
 fliore, u!io u:i!> ill ll•^poi III jrcttin;^ fome knowlcdije 
 cf the country u|i the river, where llic cam-nood 
 grows, buin;; hithrno had bnt a lerv impeilcif 
 arcooTil iTxn (tie iie-;i«f. Tliffe latter told him, that 
 wlicn tbcy f-ilci a giiod way up the river t>hriJ>eto, 
 they came iiil" a very hillv OMiniry, where the river 
 IS »crv crooked, winding i.iiiMuM (he hills, but not 
 raifei!, except at two iir three catcracK ; tkat one of 
 ihcm is l.'.i-.e, 'he river fallin;; over t'nc rocki, for 
 t»-cnty f<Mt perp.inJicuUr, with a 'iri-at noifi-; die two 
 ofhiT f.iJi' being ineoiiridciaiile ; tii.a -t the lirlt they 
 are ob'<i;;;d to go on jhorc and dra;; tiieir c.;nocs .ibove 
 thefa'.l. thsl Jt thf othor, if tlitir canoes oter-fct, 
 ttircam- wr»!. fink', to the iHitsoni, and in the dry fca 
 fcn, ihey conic .ind lake it up, tiic rlianne! Iviiiti; then 
 ouiie Ury. ') 'u;v alw.ns no uji .it the end iH tht uinv 
 leaiiin, wh.iU );;;netal!y laA> hie nior.ihs, to cut 
 »i»d .Jit fr.irrh tor ttxth, rct:tii;iiij with tiic next 
 r jins. 'lilt V lie iiiiriy i-Jit^ ot wild in'iUs but kldoin 
 receive anv iiuit. ^I^. Siiiii)i was iiikmiKJ, that a 
 Iar;;f branch <.f i!ie river ilicrbi.r<; emptied itlelf into 
 ihrf..j t>«-.ir Cape Monte, but was not n.in^alik- for 
 any vttlel b^ rcaf<in of the J;veat bar iicir tti- «iiouth, 
 ciUtd Sli-aitjr; otl«twil>- it would bf a Oioil cut 
 Itcim iiitrr." l.ions to Cjik- Monte. 
 
 Sherbiio }li.cr 14 a vciy plentilu! jil.Ke, and diiefly 
 I'lippliL-s Suna l.coiia witli frtfli pioi iiioiH. .Mr. 
 Smith tvjs diUfpointed in the informatirin he ex- 
 pcv-led in tJie riintaiii iflej; for '-join;.; on fli'iio with 
 Capialn Kukham, they found Pi '.Tt.v 3;,A SiiiuUrfon 
 were gone in their flosip, iridiiii< to the iinrih for 
 flavLi, AtKiorunijo: Injkvei'ej, ihey fuuiid Pcarcc's 
 
 wife .It l-.nme, like a pind Jiotifi wijr, w itli li.t woirm. 
 (lavis ah..iit (ur, llriii;;iii/ bi.idv, and cnUMtini' Imn-. 
 .She triaoil th'Mi ktmllv, -iml IriK loint ol li.i ll.i.ev 
 (o gii her cocoa imttt^iir (hiiii j and thnu' h |)k- had 
 no lii.;ar, fhemiiilr thrill lom<- i',oi.d jmukIi with (me 
 h'Mii'v, of which Kiikhani, unkiHiwn (u bmit*i, 
 bep,'vxla p'lt to carry mi boanl ilic Uiip.— — 
 
 llijre is a iei'^e <il (nnkeii i»«k>, that iiin nfF itit.- 
 the lea, about a kaguc to (he wi (I nl iheli iiUn, vvhii It 
 may lieciifilv ililioviriil and avoiihd l>r the bri.ikfr-. 
 On (he oiitlidi ol this KxU^' (licir nooii lay abi ul four 
 mil<.~. <liAaiit from fhorr. Jt w.ii> dulkifb wluii ihcv 
 leIC (Ik- iHe, and licfo're they (;ot a niilr, it ^rcw l<» 
 dailc, this ciHild nut lee land, mm h Id's their lloiip; 
 noi was (hereallai 10 be ficii. However, thtyiow- 
 11! a liuU', while lip and down, uncertiin v^hich w.i» 
 iIkv wiiit. Mr. Smith at tali ^rcw uiu.ilv, and 
 di-liivJ K iikhani to lie by all nii^ht, (or fear of iuiimk.^ 
 HI the dark fo far ulf to fca, as to be out of fi<;ht (f 
 land in the morning. However, fcarin^ a IoiikkIo, 
 ther .i_:;iiv>l (o loiv a little longer, in ho|H-s of kiin'' 
 lani!, or the iloop. Aliout an hour alter they found 
 (henifelnes neai lomc fniall bre.ikcis, fujipofing them 
 to be the ledj;i: «f rocks above-mentioned, wluch 
 llretchi.d from the fl»ore to the fltKip. Keep- 
 
 in;' thefi: to the ri;;ht, they rowed alonj; them, hop- 
 in;^ they w'uuld i;uide them cither to land, or to the 
 flocp ; but when they reaciu-d the end of tie n, they 
 could (ir- no light from the veriVl. Tlii< w:k oiviii:; 
 to Captain Kirkham's ftayiii^ 1<» lorijr on (liore bar- 
 }>aining for a man Have, that iiii;ht lb leon unawari-K. 
 And now they w'le I'uddcnly turpi il'ul with the mar 
 of foiiir wild O.-all, which Mr. .Smith lii|'|iol<.d to be 
 a lion. -\s (he iioil'e fe»ti\ed to be near, (hiy rov\td 
 to.vjrils ir, and prefently lav the land, heiiij' a bright 
 I'antly b-'..<.'h, with a few mcr.s upon it. Hthiiid one 
 of (iul'c locks they juftheld their canoe, fo that lliry 
 were fli-kercd from the fwcll of tlis fca, but dwrlf 
 not venture on fliore, the iioifc of the wild bcaflt 
 iilcre.iliii^. 
 
 It was now about two or thirf o'clock, ai»l tliey 
 h:d notbic.'i lonj; there when it br:;an tn ihuiHlcraiia 
 li;.:hteii, which was the liirc-runii'-r of a violent tor- 
 nad.'. J'he tornado was followed by ixcclTivi riiiii. 
 They had no fheltcr in their rannc, and dtird not 
 (e<.k anv .nirninj;ft the trees, for fear of the wild bealt<. 
 At day break It g-ave over. 'I'hiv found then that 
 tltcy w.ir in '^awry-bay, two lea_t;nes to the miiih- 
 ward of thePlantain-illi-s, which they cruld pl.iinly 
 fee, but no fijii* cf their iloop. 'I'hii lait mit-fortuin' 
 was (bo more grievous, as there was no p cfiibility of 
 getting dry cluath.s. In thi^ lail condition tliev :i'j,n(J 
 to lou to tlie Banana-ides then in (iiht, four leagues 
 djilant, to refrefli tlieml'elvtsatoneAir. Boimcrir.a.i's, 
 and if they could liear nothingof their flcHji, to con- 
 tinue their voyaj;c along Ciorc in the canoe. 'i Iry 
 accordingly put off, and, though it was a Innf; flreici 
 for tlic poor hungry Ci rotncttas, vet necefStv niadi; 
 thein m\>> llot'tly, ;ill about ten o'clock, the f.a 
 breeze in^t them in the teeth, .iiid iiicrealcd their 
 toil nnd loiT.nv. As it happenid, ntithn 1 l}i.d lonr, 
 for fcciii^ .. f.iil ihnding in (Vir land, they rowed up 
 for hei, an.l Ibiind flic was their own ilmip, wliicJi 
 had been driien out to fea by the violent tornadu in 
 the moruiiii, and WK returning to the Plantain ides, 
 to inquire about them, feariup; lomc niifcbicf bail 
 bcfalKii them. .As Toon as thev ij^iit on board, they 
 ran bciiveeii the Ban.mas and Ca|it: Shelling, <mi (he 
 tn.iin, .Ti'.d fopruacdcd to Sierra l^eona, where they 
 arii\cd next day, and at Bcnfc-ill.mcl theday foUow- 
 ins- Hire the author was ftized with a malignai.t 
 flier, which cimfineil him to bis bed till the 29th, 
 nor \v:ic he <^Mc to set on deck till the 4th of January, 
 V ii:h div th?y arrived at Cip; M.-nluraJo. 
 
 On the iSJth of December, th«y failed from Sierra 
 I.eoni, and on the 25th, anchoivd at Ci.iliiiia«. 
 Hire lav the Qiieim Klizabeth, dptain C.'rei;'bton, 
 belure mentioned, who invited Captain l.ivingflon to 
 take a Chriftnias dinner with him. A letter from 
 one H;'njimiii dob, (third mate of the Expeib'tion, 
 
 Captain 
 
*?!(>■] 
 
 COASTS AND IS t. AND3 OF AFRICA. 
 
 Captiiil Millim ) who had bicii fic/ril on liv l!u- 
 natives nf Cj|'c Miintc three months In Inn, .iiid ili- 
 tainiil there by wjy uf nprilal lor liinie nt their mm 
 carricil oft' bv an tnglifh tr.uUr. LitAx hearinj; ol 
 the (J^rrin J-,,./,:iheihS ai i i\ .il at (iiilliiia;, and hciri;: 
 left hy his own nii|), winie to Captain Criiyhtnu in 
 redetni him ; but he hcini" huiind fnr Sh.rhLio, Capt. 
 Livir^llnni' Jj^reed to dn it, when he v<n in Cape 
 Monte, as ho wa!> b>>und down the coalt ullcr the 
 ExiH'ditiiin. 
 
 i'he Kricndfliip brig, of Kriftol, Captain Barry 
 commaniler, lanic into the road the lame il.iy. II ■ 
 tik'/wilc (lined on hoard the(^ieen Kli/ahcth ; and, 
 towards nii^lit, havin;', drank pretty freely, infulted 
 the two captains, v»ho returned proper marks o( 
 rcfentinent. I'hij I'o ciiraj;id llirrv, that he went 
 ton board his own fliip and fired a fliit at the (jjieeii 
 Elizabeth, which had like tu have lakui away hir 
 forclhy ; havini^ all') ihrc itened I,i\ in;.Hl()ne to come 
 en board and «hip him. l,ivin;;llone returned on 
 board hit own (loop, to put himl'elf in a polture uf 
 defence j and perceiving the bri^ ftandin;; for him, 
 he fired fcvcral fhot at her, which obli^jed her to 
 Ihcer-cff. 
 
 'I'hey failed from (laliinas, the ?.6th of Decem- 
 ber, and arrived at Cape Monte on the 2Qth, where 
 Ihcy llaid four days. In this time iMvinjiftone red-eined 
 Crofs at the cxpcnce of about fifty pounds IKrIint;, 
 and brought him on board the Hon.'tta, where he flaid 
 till the 26[h of January, when tluy arrived at St. 
 Andrews, where there were fwAcr.il l'".ii'_lilli and 
 French Ihips : amongft which was the I^.\p.ditii'ii, 
 Captain Meltelle, who repaid Liviiig!ltii;e, .iiul tn'k 
 Crofs aqain. 
 
 Mr. Smith obfervcd at Cape Monte, tliat the na- 
 tives who came off to trade with hini, weie viiy 
 cautious of comin;; on board for f.ar of being tre- 
 panned ( and even thofe who ventured im hi. :ri', il 
 they law any arms about thefliip, immuliately I- jped 
 into their canoe, and got on fliore. They feime.l to 
 be verv indullrious,- being all dreflld in thi.ir own 
 nianulaelorv.'^— 
 
 Th-.-y d,p:!rted for Cape Menfurado, on the zd of 
 J.inuary, wlivie tluy arrived the 4th, and anchored 
 ill eight fatlvinis water behind the Cape, about two 
 Jeajues dirtant from the mouth of St. I'.iul's river, 
 here they lay till noon next day. But feeing none of 
 the natives came off to them, and bein^ loth to ven- 
 ture on land) they weighed, failing as dole in ftiore 
 •spofliblr, in order to take a true furvey ot the coail, 
 which retarded tlicir voy.i_!;e, being obliged to anchor 
 every ni"ht. On the 5th, they anchored before Rjo 
 Junco, in five fathoms water, and Mr. Smith went 
 in his long-boat to take the foundings and bearing'-. 
 
 The next morning they weighed, and Mr. Smith 
 proceeded on his furv.y down the co::il. January tlic 
 <)th, they anch ired on Rio Sellos, where they lay 
 lix days in oiipany with the Proiid.nee hrigantine 
 uf r.ondon. Captain Cutler. This time .Mr. Smith 
 employed in taking foundings and bc.iri;ij;5 of the river. 
 The natives here are civil cno igh to ftrangeis, though 
 rather fhy of the Englilh. Provifions are not 
 ticar, though very fcarce, except rice, of which thev 
 bought a good quantity, and fomc fowls. The I4tii 
 they had a hard gale of wind at eaf^-loiith-ealt, which 
 (jbligcd them to let go their heft-bower anchor, and 
 lower their yards and top-mafts. 
 
 Tlie next day, the weather being fair, they fiiled, 
 and the 2')th, they arrived at Santa Cruz, wh-.re thev 
 anchored in livteen f.iihonis. About an hour alter, 
 .• canoe tame off, and thev afkcd o le of the lu: ros, 
 viho fp(ii;e a little Knglifh, if ihey had aiiv .;;oat:, 
 hoq!:, or hen"- on (bore ? They were anl'wcred in the 
 i'.flirmative, which gave them hopes of finding provi 
 )i"ns pK-ntv and cheap. Next day Mr. Smith and 
 ilje chief nvitc went on fhorc, and were renivedbv 
 .! great niniiicr of t!:e natives at the witer-lide, who 
 rond.ieUii i!'.tm to the town : llu- houfes of which 
 w !c built live fv' Iron th? croun.!. He imaiiined 
 
 bvtiicp ...J.' 
 
 and full v.vini' ilieiii, that 
 
 thev were not iilid to fie llr.in 
 
 ll'.WI . ' 
 
 .<ri 
 
 Hi 
 
 iiuie briii(^ defiiipw to Mir|iiiu ..l.oul pi<o 'nu.', >n:t 
 toihechiel man ol ihv town, who i> u fort of p-f 
 kin[', to nluaiii :' lihfrty In tr.iil'- ( whiih gr.iiii.d 
 and bung at dinner, he dtfired T.';. Cirle to lit dowi 
 and t.ikc part with hiin. Thfr tinner wai boili.l 
 rice and Palm oil i ami one ol the loiil- in waini • 
 i;ave Mr. Caifc n (hell hy w.:y of Ipm.n. W.'hen li" 
 had diiied, the king hide liini put his fpnoii In hi. 
 pocket, which he did, hut in coming awiv , the kiiiij 
 tidd him he mull not ftir till he pave hni .1 prilmi 
 inlleail of his (hell. Mr. Carfe gave him fi.iieiiiHe- 
 nut (if his pocket, which he greedily lo.ik, and dil- 
 mill'td him. Thev were dila|>pointrd as to piovilions, 
 here biing notliiii.', to he "ot but fimic .^lal.igh.tti 
 p ■) p< r, and a liw p.ne-.ippres. 
 
 On the I jd oljanu.irv, they left Setra Criir, and 
 111 the i4t!i doubled Cipe I'alinas : Ah'iit leseii 
 haiiur, to the north-iall of whie'i, there is a tov 11 
 e.dled Offend, where they were iiit'i.rnied that the 
 people of St. Andrew's, the next town, hiul \.\t\\\ 
 made war upon Drewin ami burnt ii to alius filling 
 the men, v.onun, and < hihU' n virv cheap tn the (hips 
 then lying at St. .Andrew's. On this aeefunt ll.ey 
 palled by DrcAin, and j niiiary the zhili arrived ai 
 St. Andrew's River, whi u tluy foiird the l-:xp< dition, 
 Captain Meltill'e, bifidis feveral other Kiii;lilh and 
 French fbips. Thiy ll.iul no longer here, than juft 
 to fiirvev the B.iv, and ih -ii proci.ded along the rill 
 of the (^laipia coall, \vh;eh cx'inds Irom t'l^pe Pal- 
 mis e.ill and bv nnuh :1 "iir 10 !■ ;'.^ues to the river 
 M.inih.', bv fome called I'io Cohr.i, by others the 
 liold River. Tlufi- parts aie not near lo well iiili.i- 
 hirvcl a- the (irain C'oaff. 
 
 They anchored five miles to the well of Axirr, 
 vvhi re is a pretty little triangular lortirtc.'ion, 
 which mounts 11 guns each anple having a battery, 
 \ iz. the two to the land, three tuns e.ch, ;iiid that to 
 the le.i, five. Here is a large, populous in ,10 towr, 
 built under (helttr of the fort guns, a> all the Luto- 
 pcaii forts on the (Jold Coall have. 
 
 Seven or eight leagues fijuth-eaft of Axim, is 
 .incther large and beautiful fiirt, bu.lt by the lUjii- 
 denl.urghcrs, but was in the hands of the Dutch, 
 and well kniwn by the name of Conny's Cift c, as 
 already mentioned. 
 
 Th-.v anchored near this famous caftlc in fix fa- 
 thoms on the 6th of Kebruaiy towardv night, a Canoe 
 came off from the Dutch chief, to acijuaint ih ni, 
 that if they wanted wood or water, thrv n.ii;l.t be fup- 
 plicd. On the 7th they depaitcd from Kiideiiekrtjui!;, 
 Dixciwe, Sccondi, and Conimciid.i(at all which places 
 .VIr. Smith llaid to takefurveys) On the 17th they an- 
 chored in Cape Coaft road, where they found feveral 
 fhips. When they lay at James fort, they found 
 a letter left bv an Englilh (hip from Holland, di- 
 recfed to the Dutch general at El Mina, which they 
 hrou;!ht to Gape Coaft; and Mr. Smith thinkina 
 this a good occafion for him to take avicwofthrt 
 cafllc, went thither with C.iptain I.ivingfione, in a 
 large canoe, to deliver it to the Dutch general, who 
 it leems, had pretty good intelligence: Mr. Smith 
 imagining himfcif unknown and unobfirved, inno- 
 cently walkeil out to look about him, but was im- 
 mediatilv fidlowcd by the general, who pulliil him 
 bv the (lecve, and in an abrupt mnnner hul hi:ii b.;( k 
 to the great hall ; while he tidil him, that iheu^h 
 he came ahro.id to carry all Ciuinea in his poekft, 
 yet he fllould not take I'.l Minacaflle with him. This 
 at firft fiirprifed him : hut rioovcring a little, he toKl 
 the . encral, he thou;;ht him a perfim of more know- 
 ledj,e, than to Im.igine a man could atti.n-.pt the fur- 
 vey of a place without ]ir( (kt inffruments ; and as l.c 
 h.id none, he wondered how he (hould i'uf'peft it. 
 On thi-, the general pstifed a little, and fccmingcon. 
 >.ernid for his treatment of Mr. Smith, he dcfircj 
 him and l.ivingflonc to llav and dine with hjm ; 
 which they confentcd to. f-Ic then (hewed Mr. 
 Smith fome unfiniflied dr.nij'his left by the laft Dutch 
 fiirvevorf, fcnt by their Well-India company, rn th' 
 ' fcm~ 
 
V f) Y A O r, S I (» 1 H K 
 
 ;i«3t. 
 
 I 
 
 
 'I 
 
 fiinr Turvrv Mr. Smlili hi 1 in h nil. 'I'lic K<'fk vri\ 
 i«iil)> iiii, liui i)i<-iiiiJi'ii.iiiii 1 I1.11I ilnU, Usirclhiv 
 mull' liiiilli (Ih' liiiliiirl-. 
 
 I hry Uilol liiHii Cj|t.' C<\.n on llir 7 j 1 .11 Mjrch 
 At It «4> ihr tilln rihj oi'lliv Jry l..ii< 11 iji.it. \Vj. 
 I' r V.M' fo (i4ri« in llu' jjarril'Mi, ih^t ihi-) r.) jM fjurc 
 liiiMi' (ill ilini lhi|l( iifi' ; iIk re hi 111^ mi wjiri wilhiii 
 •■'4ht ini!.\ of t'lpi: Co.il), l>ui wh.il Ihvy piclcrvc 
 il'iriir.: (he rjiiH' Icjliiii, in .1 i.Tiir vjuWril tank 01 
 (liliiii uiiJiT ^I'Miml, III which ail i.iiii IH (.'••ntrycd 
 li'i 11 Ihi l.ip. ui liu Mm;;"! by \cdi\r» jupn. t)n ilii- 
 341I1, tiimhiDi; at Tiniumiiinrri, the """'h, t'i't 
 Ihiy JiiihciK'tl Jt Wiiinrluh in tin- ijUiiini". IKir 
 thiv were lii|)|ilieil wiih );'Hi.l tnlh »,Ui 1 niit ol ilu- 
 tuiik III tlir iiri, ,iiiJ (h iii^h tb.'\' c'rvw u-v.-ral toiK, 
 Ml. Siiith ci.iilj not p Ik 1. 1' tliiv hjil !.>i\i-n-il the 
 w.ii.r lix iiiihi's uhi'iicc hr ronvliiJiil 11 haJ a Ijiriiii; 
 ill it, iho holtiiiii b-.Mii!; Jii iiiin rock. 
 
 Ihf iKih thiy inUj Ihhii W'ijiii b.ih, anil nn ihr 
 '4i'ih iiiiihui.J .It .\i-hiTa 111 li^ fjihoii,-. li being lowl 
 Jiitky j'touiiil, ihiv bent ihrir llicrt c. liiv, m omUt tn 
 111 !;ii. III cjk-ih.ir ii:h..% |i.i,ii>!. J'hc l.iin'inr, 
 pl.iLO 14 pKtty 111.-, b;'iii;4 fli.llit.d by (oinr Imjll 
 loiks which lie cirt' Ivforv ii, anJ Im ik I.Sl- violence 
 <>t th.- w.ivcs. \Vhi|c .Mr. Snilih ll.ii.l .it Achi-ia,h<-, 
 one fvciiin-, 111 roinpjiiy wilh an Kii>;)iJ)i fji^ot, 
 waJkfJ by til.- ^;.ilv- ot the Dutch (.>n, »»hi:ic Uoml 
 foinc of (he Diiiih );cntlvnirn, whi> b.in;; kintwn to 
 til.- f.iclor, he t.ilki-j a while wiih iliun j buithtv, 
 roiitfjry to ciiilnm, never alkcil him in, or inviud 
 him whili- he w.ij ili-.-re. Smith fuppofes, tliry jui-ffej 
 who hi.- w.l^, aiiJ bail orders from ihiir ^cncLiI at 
 Kl Mini, nm to admit him, for ft-jr <>> hit iiukin/ 
 (>bl. Tv.ilii.ni. 
 
 In w.-ij;hin:; fr.mi Aihcr.ion the 3 I of Ajiril, their 
 c.ibic |).t:i'.l, but ih-y Id i;olheir ilurl Jiubnr, »vUuh 
 hiintjiii ■. thiir (hip !»■ tnily iij<, thi v fit I..1! f<>r Whi- 
 li .li. C>,\ the jth, thiy ir<'/i>l ihi' nxnitli <■> ih 
 j;u.it nn I \'iilt.i, 1.1 i..llul liv ibc j'orru.uiU 1 11 .ic- 
 I'oiinl of ill rjpiditv, ivhidi n li> viuWnt (li.l it 
 c.iuli-s .1 :pliii.i, .iiiJ th'n-.vs the colour of (h.: wa- 
 ter, at 1'mII ei^t ba^iHN frmii flinre. A: ^Uy-bivak 
 on th; 71!), t!u-y cjine 10 anchor in WhiJ.;h roid in 
 feven fitboins uatcr, mid fjlutid the furt, vrHich is 
 more than a lea;Mie from fliure. 'IS., v : -wnJ I vin;; 
 lu-re three French, and two I'lj^ii-juiiV O.ifx. 'lln> 
 is tlic molt dan;_eiiiu» landinp;-pl;ic^' in rll (jiiiiK-.i, 
 the fei breakiii^; and rolling at fut h 1 vail ilillatKc froai 
 fhorr, that no I urrtpi-.in boat cuii cvinn? Willi in 200 
 yards nl it, but niul^ aiichur at a i-cw.-d diftance, aiiJ 
 wait for canoes to ronie off, and c:iriy the |>,oi>ds and 
 pafTi-n^ers nn fli ite. I'his the dextrous raiiuc iiic-ii 
 ;;enerallv Jo iiiih I'lfeiy, though the condaiy tou of- 
 ten happen?. L'pon notice of ihcir arrival, linoi- 
 niocks *crc fcnt 1! 'iin to the wauT-ijde, and a lar)>c 
 r..noe came off t'> their boat to cany them «mi fliote, 
 u'hich it did »i'hi>ut any duna'.;e, but a little wet- 
 ted. iMr. Siniili « a< amir- 1', fthi 11 thev );ot jnionp^ft 
 the lar.'c bi<-aket«, tolcowiih what ilcxi.tity thcnc- 
 pros raiiied than ihioiish, and ran their c inoc on t!i< 
 top of 0.1C of the ru'.Iiii-j: waves, a ;.,oiid way nn fhorr. 
 'rhi«d IR-, they Sil KaptJ out, cind Jri?_'ed it uji 
 the hr.ch Icn t^-I yarJi beyojid the rcjch of the ncjst 
 ict'iT iiin^ \\'i\ e. — 
 
 Shi()s tudiny here have alu-;iv< tents on flvorc by 
 wayof ivarih'/.urc'., to Iheilei their gnxls, .At Mi. 
 S null's lanliji;, he wilked up inuiie of the trench 
 tents wherx- the mate, \vhi» hjd the chaiee of the 
 tent, being an Irilhman, ofTtriilhini a v'lal-. of br.Tn.li, 
 which he accept'-d. There vitie a uicit many an- 
 kirs piled up in the tent, wliich f.-rnu-J all wct on the 
 Out-fidc ; .Mr. Siiiilh .it5v(ii;r ih; icafoii, w;is toW they 
 had been diinn oti lhi<re tUut nionimg fii.Hn theti 
 long-boat, and that one of hi-; men, icntiiiing a 
 little too far -into the fea after an anker, which was 
 carried on fliure, hsppcned to be feized by a finnll 
 Ihark, whom he cnciuintcred »Jth his knife, .md ihf- 
 cnga^ed himfelf ; but the retiiin 'ti the iic\t wave, 
 which fet him a float, br.Kj!;ht in two other (harks, 
 that in amooieut (i;re bitu iu piccc«, aaj Jctuuird J 
 hint. <■ 11 
 
 JI.1- li.iniiii.Al* Uiiij; 'r»Jy in t:rt\ ih.m to tf 
 l''i, tluy p'l in, atij vim i;ikiii < \(i ihi>v iit.i- 
 lii n.)! .miihJ on me itt: li'-, ijuy chn)« 10 wJk, 
 ilii- 11 mil ly Ik It.;: very |.l..l.ini. Ihr Kii ;!i(h *iij 
 ti iirliliitt. font here ui'in iiii/.^im iIm.i ul talk 
 .ilur, Uiii^ lonipolij ot iln.k ii.iid Wilis, nui.it.d 
 divpl\ i..iir.ij I lie l-.i- ;(./li lurt, v, hi> li is »cry l.n^-. , 
 lu.i;mld rtlii|i{ b.alirii^, llouiltCil With I- jMsCi 1 I 
 lua\y i.inni<ii. Subui.liinili In iti., j;. kiii.iiisiit i» 
 thi Ciclniv ol Jkijuiii, .di.ut iSn ib ^ ditlant to the 
 i»ll, .nn! llut id .Sjbi (i>c iiiilei ilitiant to lh<-iHM.!i, 
 yyliiJl was tin n lediitul to ifliet by tlir kiir; ot i^a- 
 lii'ir.e. Ilisliirt ci;ii(]iult v\ustli.it iif Aiibah, tilty 
 null ^ 111 the iiijtth-wi.ll 111 :».itii, in 1-24. Ibt kiii.» 
 id Atdi.ih lulling at ih.il liine fi ii.c slclim,* w .ill 
 tliiicin-ir liab'wni at \\ ludali, and ace uiiisiH<t Le- 
 iiij; liltltil, he <kl.iiiKsJ one .\li. l.arnlv, .in I- ny- 
 li/h l.iiliir, at Aldi.ili, in hi>pe< to bun;; .Mr. ISalJ- 
 uin 111 airmiiit. in this intutal tli<r city ul Aidr ib 
 wisbifiei^J by the king of D.ihiMiH's ainiy, and .■!- 
 ti I a iKut leOllanie l.ikin, the kiii^ til Aidi.ih hini- 
 (i]| Ik .1.^; killed at his pal.ur gatr. Mr. l..iii.:iiHua 
 bioii)>,hl jiijfuner before lIickijij;of ]).:hunii\'» gioe- 
 tal, who, furprifed at fu firair;t a fij^uir at a white 
 ni.in, fpaicd his lile, and cniind hiiii aiaiaiilylit 
 the kin;; hij iiiaffcr, who was then -ioo iniUt WitJim 
 land, where never a white man had been (veii bJorc. 
 — -I)urini< his ciwifjnemcnt hire, he wiote .1 Kttei to 
 (inieiiinr Tinker, who fumeikd Mr. IJald.'.lii .it 
 WhiJjh, mid lorw.iidril .Mr. inuih ti..copy. 
 
 I"his prill r, ill tin- b, culling; tif libiuarv, I72f«» 
 laying 111 ;e to ihi' j^iiat ton n .md liii ol .Sabi, tlu: 
 c.i,n,il it Wiiidih, wliirc the klm;|elided, ji:U O.Tt 
 Kr 'Jilli, I'ur.rb, ind I'mlu m fe, ii.ul l.iil, ly houK ». 
 Ill a ici»h(iiirs he luiid lit. ,ilact .li he liad done .\r- 
 ilih j iiily lilt nijjefty <.t V\ hi.i.di, vhu v>at \cijf 
 tjt, ihinkiiu; h n.klf tmi bulky to li.ht, '\ 4s con- 
 iHiesl .,1V, ly 111 a h-imniKk by .1 c>i«iide ot lluidy jit- 
 ;.',io--, JiiJ Iu lace 1 his lilr. l"he Liirojicjii f.w.li>fii-« 
 » » ; e p! u niKrcJ, and the while men t..kcii pi liut?ci«, 
 and (.irritd up m thi- camp a; .Aiduh, wJure ihrkinj; 
 ol )>..hiiiie then wa<. \l'h..n (Jovevnor linker 
 was ..iliiiitt'.d To an audH-iicc, he toid Ins iii.ij.jiy Ji^ 
 niult.il..,' the whiie-i cimlJ he .1 mi hrviic tu t.'iat 
 ciiuatry which was brtnnic his by c^jujucH, tu: > a 
 tli« cniitrarv, -aimld dtlcr iil ihi;-s fu«ii tr.uJii'.^ then-, 
 and a hat would then biv<ime .i| lijs i^ranJcur f The 
 k-nj, fail'. It ivas veiy true, and .aIFuk.! the ;;oieiia»t 
 lie h.ij f,i»in no luchoidcr* to his ;^eii.r.il, but t,';al 
 he aii.l the leftof the t iiroju-anr. Wi-rc atlihittv to re- 
 turn to ilieir lorts, as they did a fvwdiys .liter. L'ul 
 wlK-n the I'n^lifhaiwl riciuh };ovs.-rnnrs «iie 1.11 «'..eif 
 ntinli thmiigh .Salu to W hi .ih, tin; l)ah..aic ^c- 
 uerjl tiM.k uccaliuu to fet the /.utory honhxni f-.rc, 
 belurc their fafe«, without the kinj^n orJer-. This 
 inisjorlune wasan-eat ^ritf to tin in, cfiieci.i.ly to iJie 
 1- r nch d iretfor, uhoh.id no i!. lien <il retuiuuu t« 
 ICurdp", a<i !;ocernor Tinker h.id, but raihtr lit jhJ 
 to Ice S.'oi rebuilt, and trade ridoredj but the '^iiit- 
 ral /jon put aiiciiJ jo fueJi luipi-N. Inordu to li.iin 
 lip tlic e.iuth.jfhis Jrmy to f;ure nnbli)j.l/i.r ihc lake 
 iif pluiiJ.r, this l'a\a_!.c eaiiJ J iJie boj j tf Jus tamp 
 ((nine lit whom were not . Jiove fcien or tji^btytais 
 old) to cu: oi3' the heads of llieold arid wounjtd Oavc* 
 
 tvh.i uerc i:ot lit for Ulc. 
 
 Th.-city of Sahi WJ-i jbout iivr miles in circum- 
 feieiKe; tlic hiiuCce iK-atly built, thou];h oujy niiij 
 waJis c.nertJ with thatch, h:ivi:i^ no (h.nc in aJI <Jie 
 countjv. n nvcviT, the laci urus wc.c Kuilt ufter the 
 Kuiojiejn inaniii-r, being lofty, fjuciotis, and i. ly 
 aiir, I untainin:.'; many iicm, ind c-mveiiitiit ;'.p 11- 
 nieiu-i. Farh had a fine lai ge ojieii ball, with ^i.<il 
 baKonas .nil iipim the firft flour, .nnd un.lirii, .ith 
 wcTC the warchcmJes. Thcfe contribtitid ittv nuitlt 
 not only to th.- ruir.fort and farisf.'.cli.in, hut alio t< 
 the health of th.; Furopeaiis. I he town wjs foe 
 coedin;; populous, that it W.1S diliicull 10 p .A thf 
 llreit-, ihon;;h vtry broad. Here uer- daily markciv 
 flored with niinv lints of Fiiro|>iati, as well .is Af- 
 rican cuiDiiitiJiue«, b'.fiJ.'s vajic.y fri pruiirioi-. 
 
il'1-] 
 
 Coasts and islands of Africa. 
 
 4I 
 
 Ncjr lilt' Kurnpean (ii\ntif, tlirrt wit • Tpicioui 
 pUc^- Di.i.lxl Willi tiill liro, under winch the Kuro- 
 pviii initclunit tni\ c.ipl.iiiit Iranraitrd buliiicU tt c<n 
 « chiller. All ihil'c pUi'ct wttt rcvluccd U> 4A1C11 by 
 Ihc colli) iicrur*. 
 
 Before Wi- cnnrluilr lliii account i( may not he 
 aniil'i to brin|', lla- ic.uler dii|U4iiilr'^ with tlu ptH:n<U 
 liigt i>( Ihc kin^ lit I).ihi>nu', a« wc tinil tlient t(\ >i<^<i 
 by one olnur loiinliyintii. 
 
 " At VVhiJ.ili, biliire it* diniilulion, 'lierc were 
 two Kuropejii l.iclunei. I hi faJ \V4* » >!■■ port 
 lur all n.itiiin>, and it wa< iom^mi J that alxm , w<' 
 lluiul.iiiil iir^ioj were yiaily expon J fiom ihoncc, 
 •nd liuiii the lu'iglihouring pLicii, by the F.n^lilli, 
 Flench, Diiuh, aiiii l'<iriu)(iielr, ami that tht ,'<.<>|il« 
 Were I'o civiliU'J by lliii tominrrct', that it wa< a 
 pliiiruri' III deal with ill in, I'lie |;ic.iiklt Inronti 
 iiicncc ihiy ruHeriil w.n, the ihievtiy nf tlir coiimii'ii 
 fuit, who were very iL-xuroui and bold in ihat 
 praiilicc : thuu;:h il' taki 11 in llie (ii\, they become 
 llavet to the |KTl'im robbed. 
 
 •' By the cuftiiin of polv^.tmy, (if being ufual for 
 a great man to h.ive lunie hundredn of vsive« and 
 concubine*) ihi- land waH become fu liocked with 
 pcuple, that the vvliole counlrv appured lull of lown« 
 ami villai',e«, and being a viiy rich foil, and uell 
 cultivaleil, il looked like .111 1 iitire )(ardcii. A loii^ 
 fluurifliiii^ ti.idc had likewile ennchid ilie people, 
 by which meaiik llii-y grew liixiitiims and (11 eH'emi- 
 liate, lhat though they could h.ive limught at leaft 
 lOO.OCO men inio the field, yet they wi ic driven out 
 of their piinnpjl city by about ;. o nl theii cnemien, 
 and at lall lo(l their whole couiiiry to a nation they 
 had formerly conlemned. 
 
 " The king of Whidah cominj; to the crown 
 about fourteen yearn of age, the government fell into 
 the hinds of the grandei^ 1 who, by iiulul;ing liij 
 humour, kept the piiw:'r entirely to iheml'elves till 
 tills levolution, when he w.is paft thiity years old. 
 He was a very lal'civious prince, h.iving lever..! thou- 
 fandt of women in his court, by whom he w.is ferved 
 in all capacitic", for no other Icr.ants were allowed 
 to be there. This weakiiefs ended in his ruin ( for 
 the gr^iiidies purfuing each his p.irlieular inlerelt, 
 became fo many tyrants, which divided the people i 
 and fo they became an ealy prey to their common 
 enemy, a far inland prince, the king of Dahome. 
 Thin prince had formerly fcnt to retjuci) of the king 
 of Whidah an open traffic to the fea-lide, offering to 
 pay his ufual cuitoms on negros exported, which oc- 
 iiiu, refufed, he vowed revenge whin opportunity 
 oHcrcd. This threat was fo much flighted then at 
 Whidah, that the kini; told the author foon after, 
 ihat if the king of Uahomc Ihould offer to invade 
 him, he would not ufe him when taken according to 
 their cuftom, which was, to cut oft' his head j but 
 would keep him for a flave to do the vilell offices. 
 
 " The kingof Dahome being a politic and coura- 
 geous prince, h.id in a few years conquered as far 
 towards the Tea coaft as the kingdom of Ardrah, the 
 next inland country to Whidah, where he thought 
 to have rcm.iined quiet till he had fettled his conqueil ; 
 but an accident foon called him again to arms, for the 
 king of Ardrah having much injured his own brother, 
 named H:iflar, the latter fent privately to him, oft'er- 
 ing him a large fum of money to revenge for him his 
 brother's affronts. This the politic prince foon lift- 
 ened to ; and the king of Ardrah difcovering the 
 ctefiign upon him, fent news of it to Whidah, begging 
 affiftance : but the latter imprudently refufed it, fuN 
 fering the Ardrah army, of 50,000 men, to be totally 
 deferted, and the king himfclf taken : foon after 
 which, he was beheaded in the conqueror's prefcnre, 
 according to the barbarous cuftom of the black 
 princes. 
 
 " There wat at that time in the country of 
 Ardrah, a white gentleman, named Rulfinch Lambe, 
 who having been lent by the goveinor of the African 
 company's fettlement at Jaquin, on fome bufinefs to 
 the king of Ardrah, was detained by him, under 
 
 Vol. I. No. 41. 
 
 pretence that the company owed him for 1 huiidii.d 
 flavci formerly lint ilnwn to their f.ii^lory. I h.. kiii|| 
 lent wuid alio to the governor, Ihat if he did not 
 forthwith ililcharue the debt, he would make Mr, 
 (.amiie. 'I°hl« the goveinor rrluliiig, I..inil)v ic- 
 mained a prifomr, (but teiy kindly ufed) abi'Ul 
 two years, till he wat taken in tliii war by the king 
 ol Dahome. 
 
 ' Ueing brought into the king'* prefmcr (whonc- 
 HI (j''<.>re had (ten awhile nun) he was liealed vtiy 
 kindly ttif hit majelty, who loiiii alter gave hiiii ,111 
 huulhuld, Willi many fervantt, and loiiie ol liik near 
 rtUiions forwivet. After lie had leinaiiird ihiii iicir 
 three yi !r>, he was at hi» own reiiu. II, diliiilllid b/ 
 thit prince, with -t noble prrlent of gold and Haves, 
 III Older 10 fo 10 F.iiK I'l'; Muieovcr, the inhubii.niis 
 of the losMis and viilaucs hj pnlied tlirougli, in l)>* 
 w.iy lo J.iquiii, were ordered, l>v an (.xprels niilllngii, 
 tu lliew him all polHulc rclpiil, aiul piuud« nobly 
 lur hitenteriailiiTfrnt. 
 
 Tint Lambe had always ilifl'iiadid the king of Da- 
 home from invading Whidah, as will mi account of 
 the great nuniliLis ol the iiiluliitjiils ukd lo lirc-aiiii>, 
 at ol the afliltancc ihcy would li.ue iVmii the whil. :> 
 refideni and trading there lor their own inierel). lint 
 alter his departure, this 'irinte linJiiig by hit Ipc-, 
 how much ihc great men and piopic were dividid, ami 
 that the king was only a typlier in the uoveihiiient, 
 marched afj.iinfl thfin. The liill p.irt ol the lomi- 
 try he invaded was the northeriimolt,of v^'liith a i;ic,ir 
 lord, iiainrd Apparag.ih, was heuditaiy t>.ovtnii'i, 
 who forthwith lent lo the king loi allill.iiui.^ Iiui 
 having en'-inies at court, who wilhtd his delliucliuii, 
 was refuted I whertlore, after making luiiic liiile it- 
 fillanee, he fubniitted to the king of Dahome, who 
 received himverykindly. Theconquell of App.iiar.ih, 
 ^ave the king an tafy entrance into thj heart uf thv 
 country i but ther.e he was obliged lo halt at a rivei 
 which tuns about half a mile to the piincipnl town 
 of the Whidahs, called Sabi, (already mentioned) 
 the refidence of their king. Here the kini; of Da- 
 home encamped for fume time, not imagining he could 
 have found fo eafy a palFage and conquelt ts he met 
 with afterwards : for the pals of the river was of luch 
 a nature, that it might have been defended a^ainlt hit 
 whole army by 50U refolutc men. liut inllead of 
 guarding it, tliefe cowardly, luxurious people, think- 
 ing the fame of their numbers I'utKcicnt to deter the 
 Dahomes from attempting It, kept no guard ; they 
 only went morning and evening to the river fide to 
 make fetifb, that is, to offer facriHce to their prin- 
 cipal god, which was a particular harmlcfs fnakc they 
 adored and prayed toon this occafion, to hinder their 
 enemies from paffingthe river. This fort of fnake it 
 peculiar to their country, being of a fingular make, 
 very big in the middle, rounding in the back like a 
 hog, but very fmall at the heaa and tail, which ren- 
 ders their motion very flow. Their colour is yellow 
 and white, with brown ffrcaks. Tliey are fo harm- 
 lcfs, that if they arc accidentally trod on, (for it is a 
 capital crime todo it wilfully) and bite, no bad ef- 
 fect enfucs, which is one reafon they give for wor- 
 fhippingthcm. They have likewife an antient tra- 
 dition, that they have always been delivered from any 
 impending calamity, by imploring the fnakc's alFiff- 
 ance. But however this fell out formerly, it now 
 ffood them in no fort of fervicej neither were the 
 fnakcs themfelves fpared after the conqucfl ; for they 
 being in great numbers, and a kind of domeffic ani- 
 mals, the conquerors found many of them in their 
 houfes, which thev treated in this manner, holding 
 them up by the middle, they faid to them, *' If yuu 
 are gods, (peak and fave yourfelves ;" which the poor 
 fnakcs not bcine able to do, the Dahomes cut their 
 headsofl^, ripped them open, broiled themon the coals, 
 and ate them. 
 
 " But to return to the king of Dahome, he wa« 
 
 fn polite as to fend to the Europeans, then refiding at 
 
 Whidah, to aflure them, that if thty flood mute, 
 
 they fhniild not receive any harm, iu tale they proved 
 
 (1 H ' ««it- 
 
 i>l 
 
 ;k 
 
„ „„^jiBK23Jt73l 
 
 4«1 
 
 VOYAGES TOT HE 
 
 conquerors, but he would reireve many itnporitions 
 laid on their trade by the king of Whidah. On the 
 contrary, if they appeared againft him, they mud ex- 
 pert his refentment. This meflage put them to a di- 
 lemma, for they would have gladly retired from Sabi to 
 two mud-walled forts, belonging to the En^tifh and 
 French African companies, which arc within three 
 miles of the fea-fule. However, finding this would 
 have been refented by the kingof Whidah, as a dif- 
 coura^emcnt to his people, they wore obliged to re- 
 main in the town ; never fufpeifling the inhabitants 
 would have ran uway in fuch a cowardly manner as 
 they did, or that they (hould (lure the fate of war 
 with them. 
 
 The pafs of the river being left witliout a guard 
 to thecareof the fn;ikes, the king of Dahonie's ge- 
 neral fcnt 200 men to ford it, which having done with- 
 out oppofttion, they marched towards the town of 
 Sabi, founding their mufical inllrumcnts. On this, 
 the king being informed of it by the out-guards, who 
 ran ijitothc town, immediately fled with all his peo- 
 ple, making no refinance, and with a great number 
 of his fubjeCls went to an ifland on the fca-coaft, 
 which was parted from the main Lind by a river ; but 
 a great many having no canoes, were drowned in at- 
 tempting to fwim to thr; iflanJs near Popo, the next 
 country on the fea coaft to the weftward, and many 
 thoufands, who (helicred themfelves among the buihes, 
 pcrilhcd afterwards by fword and famine, 
 
 " The Dahome foldicrs entering Sabi, immediately 
 fet lire to the palace, and then fent their general word 
 of their fucccft, who brought the whole army over 
 the river, hardly believing his own eyes. Mr. Du- 
 port, who was then the African company's governor, 
 told the author, that when the Dahome foldiers, who 
 had never feeii a white man before, came to his houfe, 
 they flood in a maze, and would not venture near him, 
 till he beckoned and held out his hand to them. On 
 which they laid hold of him, and finding him a man 
 in all refpcfts like themfelves, except colour, fooii 
 laid afide their reverence, and taking from him what 
 he had valuable in his pockets, made him prifoner, 
 with about 40 other white men, Englifti, French, 
 Dutch, and Portuguefe, who were fcrved in the fame 
 manner; amonjift them was Jeremiah Tinker, Efq; 
 who had but juli before refigncd the African compa- 
 ny's affairs to Mr. Duirort, and defigned to have cm- 
 barked in a few days for England ; but Signer Hercira, 
 the Portuguefe governor, cfcaped from Sabi to the 
 French fort. Next day after the town was taken, the 
 white prifcners were fcnt to the king of Dahome in 
 Ardrah, abc^t 40 miles off, hammocks being pro- 
 vided for them, as is ufual in this country. They 
 were brought into the ki.g's camp, and feparated ac- 
 cording to their difFcrent nations; but for fomc days 
 badly accommodated, till they obtained an audience 
 of the king, who excufetl it by the common fate and 
 hurry of war; but promiffd it (hould be othcrwife 
 for the future. Accordingly, in a few days, they were 
 fet at liberty, without any ranfom, and Vent down to 
 their rcfpeiSive forts, but could never recover what 
 had been taken from them. The principal gentlemen 
 were prtfcnte<l with (laves, and his majelty allured 
 them, as foon as he had fettled his conquell, he would 
 make trade flourifli, and have a particular regard to 
 their intercfls." 
 
 The king of Dahome having dcftroyed Sabi, at- 
 tacked and drove the king of Whidah to great diflrefs. 
 who retreatinc; to fomc barren illands fortified the 
 paflcs, and thus prevented his enemy's defign of de- 
 flroyinehim, who now contented himfelf with keep- 
 ing poflclTton of the country, by an army encamped 
 at Sabi. Hut, in time, this army dwindling, cn- 
 ctjuraged Captain Olfue to fettle himfelf near the 
 French fort, about four miles frojn Sabi, trufling to 
 its great guns for his protcilion. The king of Da- 
 home having notice ot this, rcfolved to fend an army 
 to drive out Ofi'ue, who, upon that report retired, 
 with many of his people, into the French fort^ lit 
 tie thin>.iiij of the governor's treachery. 
 
 Next day, the Dahonirf irniv cut L-douis .u <I j'.- 
 tacked the fort, which could nut l.uvf avaii il niuil , 
 fince they had only fmnll arms, hut it I. 1:1s (I 
 thatch of the houfc took lire, v.hich fo ,iI.iim:u!i' •. 
 whites, who knew there was a great deal of vjui- 
 powder in the magazine, and no pcflibiliu . I ih ,.- 
 ping the fire, that tlicy fled to the Eimiilli !,ii, 
 within mufquet fhot of their <jvvii ; hut ilie iwj'^,. ■ 
 line blowing up, killed above one thuulaiid 'jl. ■ k>, 
 bcfldes wounding many. Howevi-r, Cnpt.uii Oiiii.-, 
 and leveral of his people, efcaued like wile to the 
 Engl ifh fort, where Gtiveriior Wilfon, the Afiicaii 
 company's agent, gave them pre per pnt.clifMi. IL- 
 alfo to prevent accidents, ordered ^1 the hdules in tlic 
 furt to be unthatched, and flriiij^ nn the })alii'nu<:, 
 killed a great many, and kept the rtll at ;> propei dii - 
 tance. 
 
 The Dnhomcs (helteiing themfelves in the Film !i 
 fort, fcnt thence til Governor Wilion, to know tlv. 
 reafon why he had fired upon their army ; to which 
 he replied. That feeing them comedown luddeiiiy, 
 and fell upon his neighbours, he thought it the com 
 mon caufc of all the Europeans. 1'he D<<hoines ai.- 
 fwered, that when they came do\\n, the) hae. no de'- 
 fign to attack the French fort, h.iung no quanel with 
 the whites; but that the governor having taken Cap- 
 tain OfTue and his peoph into it, contiary to his pio- 
 mife, obliged them to ail as they had dene. At the 
 fame time, they told the goveriK. to his f.i,e, tLat he 
 had firft (cm to the king by a French furtein, thin 
 refidiiig with their inafler, to ptrluade his luajefly t" 
 fend an army down to deflroy Captain Oilue and his 
 people, proniifing to give them no protte'lion. This, 
 tliough denied by the governor, yet gained credit by 
 11 prefcnt, who looked on it as a contrivance to get 
 money from Captain Ofiue for protecting him ; how- 
 ever, he met, (fays thenuthoi) wiih a fiiitable re- 
 ward afterwards, being killed b) the Whidah's, whom 
 he had fo much injured. 
 
 As foon as the king of Dahome was informed of the 
 taking of the French fcrt, he fent to the governor, 
 to let him know that he hruuglit this misfortune on 
 himfelf by his perfidy, for that he had no quarrel 
 againft his n.Ttion, therefore would order his foldicrs 
 to repair the fort, which had been greatly damaged 
 by the powder ; or if he did not defire this, he might 
 depart with all his Frenchmen, to his own couii- 
 
 I he king of Dahome having conquered and ilcpo ■ 
 pulated leveral countries within :\ l.vv years, the kinq; 
 of Wiir.cy's fr.ns, with other princes, whofe fathers 
 this country had taken in war and beheaded, fled to :i 
 far inland, potent nation, called I-os. The king of 
 Whidah, after OfTue's defeat, having found means of 
 fending mcflcngers to the king. They and the other-, 
 who had fled to him for protetSinn, obtained of him 
 an army to march againft the king of Dahome, whom 
 they all looked on as a cruel dellroyer of mankiiul. 
 This nation of I-os fight all on horleback, and li\- 
 ing a gre?t way to the north towards Nubia, ihiycan 
 only march fouthward, but when the fcafon fur fo- 
 raK and dry weather fet in. 
 
 l"hc king of Dahome had notice of their coming, 
 and having formerly expeiicncrd tb.e difadvaiiLige of 
 his army, confiHing of foot only againft horfc, bu- 
 ried his riches, burnt his towns, and then fled to the 
 woods and thickets with his people, which is .1 com- 
 mon thing among the negros for the weaker fide to 
 dov\hen at war, having no fortified towns, asin Fu- 
 rope ; fo they that are maflcis of iheliolJ, eonimaiid 
 the country far and near. 
 
 'I'hus the king of Dahome diUipointtd the I-rs, 
 but Appragah and his people, l.itely conquered by 
 the Dahomes, not moving in time, abundance '-f 
 them were taken, with all Appra^ah's iiche', and 
 himfelf nariowly efcaped, wiUi only a lew ler- 
 vants. 
 
 After this, the I-os marched on in qucft of the 
 Dahomes, who ftill fecurcd ihemftlves by keeping 
 in the buflics, till the rainy fMlbn cjii c on ; wliieh 
 
 obligi'ii 
 
17^7-] 
 
 COASTS AND ISLANDS OF AFRICA. 
 
 4fij 
 
 obliged tlii-ir enemies to retire, the Daliomcs returned 
 to tlicir own country, and rebuilt their towns again. 
 
 About this time, Goreinor Willon departed from 
 AVhidah, and left in his room one Mr. Tcftcfolc; 
 who had rtlided there many years, but was no Ways 
 equal to him in prudcnce,as his unhappy fate wilTlhew. 
 
 Though this peil'on had been ofttn at the king of 
 Dahome s camp, where he was always uled withfjicat 
 civility, yet now, believing the King reduced, he 
 advifed the Whidahs to re-enter their country. Thele 
 accordingly being aflifted by the I'opos, through a 
 viewofre-cftabliOiing their trade, railed together an 
 army of 15,000 men, and encamped under ihc king 
 of Whidah, near the Englifhand French forts. 
 
 This thcDaliomes knew nothing of, till the '<ing 
 fcnt (ome tr;iders down with flaves j they returned 
 with news that greatly embairafleJ his Majefty i for 
 he had loll many of his beft foldicrs, whillt the I-os 
 kept him in the bulhes, and befidcs, had lately Tint 
 an army into the country to take flaves ; for he drives 
 no regular trade in fl.ivcs, but only fells fuch as are 
 taken in war. However, he extricated himfelf out 
 of this difKculty by llie following ftratagem. 
 
 He ordered a great number of women to be armed 
 like foklicrs, and appointed officers to each company, 
 with colours, drums, and umbrellas, according to 
 tlie negro faihion. Then commanding the army to 
 march, the women foldiers were placed in the rear 
 to prevent difcovery. The furprife of the Whidahs 
 at feeing fuch numbers as they fuppofed, of foldicrs, 
 brought a panic upon the grcateft part of them, who 
 cowardly flying, giive the Dahomes an opportunity 
 of falling upon Oflue's party with Popos, and foon 
 obliged them to fly in their turn. The king of 
 Whidah ufcd all endeavours to flop his party's flight, 
 vtrounded feveral with his hnce, but all in vain, and 
 at lalf to favc his life, was forced to run into the dry 
 diich of the Englifh fort, where, by the help of two 
 ofhisfons, he got over the wall, and fo cfcapcd the 
 enemy's fury : but many of his people were killed 
 and others taken. 
 
 This affair put Mr. Tcftcfole under fome diflicul- 
 tics, but at lafl he perfuades the king to leave the fort 
 that night, and efcap- to his barren iflands again : 
 however, the king of Dahome being informed of all, 
 and that the governor had been the occafion of the 
 revolt of the Whidahs, highly refcnted it, and hav- 
 ing furprifcd him, afterwards at the French fort, put 
 him to death by torture. 
 
 I'his prince left a fmall army at Sabi, and return- 
 ing into his own country, many banditti of other 
 nations reforted to him j fo that in a few months, 
 he found his power as conftdcrable as when he fled 
 from the I-os. 
 
 Mean time it muft be obferved, that though his 
 large territories of many hundred miles extent, in a 
 line country as any in the fouth part of Africa, yet 
 is he only a great king in name, for want of fubjedts j 
 for having deftroyed moft of the inhabitants ot the 
 countries he conquered, hris cruelty drove the reft 
 nway to other nations. In the next place he gave his 
 word to a great number of the former inhabitants of 
 thofc parts, that in cafe they would return, t^liey 
 (houki enjoy their priviledges as before, on paying a 
 cert. .in tiibute. This brought many thoufands to 
 return into the kingdom of Ardrah. nut as foon as 
 they were fettled, the Dahomes furprifcd them, and 
 killed or took captive, all who could not ei'cape. 
 Hence no bo'v will venture to trull him, and the 
 country in all | jbability, v\ill remain a waile during 
 his life. By this means the trade of Whidah is almolT 
 ruined : for the far inland people having no markets, 
 and the Dahomes uilng no tr.idc but war, few negros 
 are brought down to be fold to the Eut ^peans. 
 
 After ftlr. Tellcfole's unfortiuiatc t-.iie, two white 
 men running away from th> i .1 <.Iifli fott, informed 
 the king that he might eafilv.tk it, there being only 
 fout white:, ictt in thepl.icc. Cut he replied. He 
 had noquiircl with theEn^iiih nation j for that what 
 had been dona to the late governor, he had brought 
 
 on himfelf by his imprudence ; and he hoped the 
 African company would fend a fitter perfon to com- 
 mand the fort for the future. 
 
 Sometime after this, coiifideiiilg he (hould cer- 
 tainly be invaded by the I-of, as loon as the feafon 
 permitted, he fent large prcfints, together with one of 
 his handfomeft daughters, to their k>iig. His ambaf- 
 fadors prclenting the great men at court with large 
 pieces of coral ( which the I-os cllecm above all 
 things ) obtained an .idvantageous peace : for confir- 
 mation of which, the king of I-os lint a little while 
 after, one of his daughters to the king of Dahome 
 for a wife, who was received with gicat joy by thr 
 kiiig and his people. 
 
 The king of Dahome having concluded a peace, 
 as above related, viith the I-os, being a rcftlcfs am- 
 bitious man, marched far inland agalnll a nation 
 called the Yahus ; who defended themfclves amomtft 
 their woods and mountains till the rainy fcafoi) ...e 
 on ; the king's army mutinied, defiring to go home :' 
 on which he put fome of the principal officers to deathj 
 only tor mentioning it to him. Upon this, fome of 
 his captains defertcd him, with many foldiers, 
 amongll whom was one of his fons, v\ho fled with 
 4000 men to the king of Wimey. 
 
 Finding himfelf in thefc circumflanccs, he refolveJ. 
 to make one grand eflort on the Yahus ; in which, 
 though he prevailed, yet they made a brave retreat, 
 where his wearied foldiers could not purfue them. 
 So that the king returned foon after to his own coun- 
 try, with the lofs of moft of his forces and his 
 reputation. 
 
 Upon this, the people of Jaquin began to take 
 heart, hoping he might at lafl be deflroyed. There 
 redded at this place a Dutch gentleman, called 
 Mynheer Hertog, who carried on a confidcrable trade 
 into feveral dillant countries, by means of a river that 
 runs from Jaquin into the bay of Banin. This per- 
 fon, in conjundtion with the king of Jaquin, ilirred 
 up the king Wimey, and feveral other princes, 
 againft the king of Dahome, and fupplicd them with 
 ammunition : of all which he being iiifcrmed, rclblvcd 
 to be revenged. But the better to deceive them, gav« 
 out he intended a fecond expedition within land ; and 
 accordingly ordered his general to march towards the 
 inland parts ; but in the night the army wheeled ;ibout, 
 and with great expedition came by the wav of Whidah 
 to Jaquin, without being difcovered, (though there 
 were about 15,000 of them) till they were jult enter* 
 ingthe town. 
 
 'rhe king of Jaqiiin, with many of his principal 
 people, efcaped in canoes (whicfi were .nlways kept 
 ready for fuch occaflons) to an ifland he had fortified 
 in the middle of the river rowards Appah, ten leagues 
 to the call ; but he loll all his riches, and his mother 
 was taken. Mynheer Hertog alfo fled to Appah, but 
 loft every thing in the faiSlory, then full of European 
 goods to a very great value. However, the con- 
 querors not fatished with the rich plunder of the 
 town, according to their barbarous cuftom, made a 
 terrible carnage of the people, and tc^ complete the 
 deftruflion of the country, fet all the towns and 
 villages on fire. 
 
 Several European gentlemen and fadors were made 
 prifoners on this occafion, and, among the reft, one 
 Captain Robert Moor, who commanded the Squirrel 
 galley. I'his gentleman (as well as the reft in his 
 fartory) was obliged to walk on foot with the con- 
 querors to Ardrah. The French and Portuguefe 
 accompanied them, and were brought into the pre> 
 fence of the king of Dahome, to whom Mr. Moor 
 could not help making fome remonftrances (though 
 evidently at the hazard of hi« life) on the ill ufage he 
 had received at the hands of his majcfty's troops, ai^ 
 in particular remarked that he h^J no vifluals ; but 
 this was foon remedied by the king's breaking up a 
 caflc of beef with a hatchet, and fupplyiug their 
 neccfliticsi though the Pottuguefe thought nothing 
 leTs than that the conqueror was about to execute 
 thcni all with his own hands. 
 
 Having 
 
 *• 
 
iiiiiiflit tit 
 
 ♦*♦ 
 
 VOYAGES TO 
 
 ri E 
 
 E'7i7« 
 
 - 
 
 n 
 
 Having refnflicd them, ihey were diltributed ac- 
 Cottiing tu their nations, under the care u{ fcveral great 
 men. Captain More and his people were delivered to 
 Allegi, the Englifti cabofliir^ that is the perfon ap- 
 pointed to trade with them in particular, who treated 
 them with great civility, but was llizcd and beheaded 
 a few davs alter, though they could never learn the 
 caufir. Mure, and the other Europeans, continued a 
 good while prifoncrs, till Mr. Dean, the African com- 
 pany's governor at \Vhid.ih, came to Ardrah,and ob- 
 tained their freedom ) thereupon a guard was ordered 
 to lee the captain fufe down to Jaquin, but he chofe 
 to go by the way of Wliid.sh, liom whence he took 
 his paflage to Jaquin on board a French vtlFcl. 
 
 It is to be obferved, thit ilic king of Dahome was 
 by this time grown very jealous of the Europeans, 
 and feemed to dil'ipprove their method of trading for 
 flaves, which appeared by an extraordinary fort of 
 declaration he made ;is an overture for re-ettabli(hing 
 it, but which could h.irdiv be undcrdood as fuch by 
 the Englilh, to whom it was addrefled i namely, 
 •' That the natives niiglit and would fell themfelves 
 to the Engllfli — CanJiiion cf'tut ii'ing carried off." — A 
 condition which he well knew would never be ac- 
 cepted. 
 
 Moft fcnfible and humane men have confldcred the 
 (lave trade as a difgrare to humanity in general, and 
 to Chriflianity in particular. The account given of 
 it by fuch as have been concerned in it, with their de- 
 fence of the pra<£lice, may not be here improperly in- 
 troduced to the coiifideration of the reader. 
 
 Firft, it is obferved, that the negroes, by a longcuf- 
 tom, make (laves of all their captives taken in war, 
 who were put to death before the (lave trade was efta- 
 blifhed. — Moft crimes are punifhcd by fines, which 
 they, who cannot, or will not pay, are made (laves ; 
 but the latter clafs are redeemable by their friends, 
 and confequently fcldom fnid to Europeans. Though 
 the people on the fca coaft never fill their children, 
 but when they find themfelves reduced to great extr*- 
 mities ; yet thofe of the inland parts often adopt this 
 practice, without being under iuch ncceflity. 
 
 From what has been obferved, they fay. It appears 
 that a number of ufeful lives arc favcd. They alTert, 
 th.it negro*; live much better than in their own coun- 
 try i are of great ufe if carried to the tugar iflands, 
 where they can cultivate the lands better than the 
 white people, and ihat is doing a fcrvice to the negro 
 nations to tranfport thefe (laves fo as that they may 
 not return again to their native country, whereas, on 
 the contrary, they arc rauch wanted by the European 
 nations. 
 
 The concluding argument madeufc of by thofe who 
 are concerned in this favage trade for man's flcfh, is. 
 That the ai'vantages far outway the inconveniences, 
 and at the word it will be found like all fublunary 
 til! ■ 4^, a mixture of good and evil. 
 
 \ et it appears that the negros themfelves, who 
 ought to be the befl judges of their own happinefs, are 
 of a different opinion. Moft of the flaves are hardly 
 ufed, and many, even where that is not the cafe, prefer 
 death to that flavcry, which is thus glofled over, with 
 the Ipeciout name of convenience. 
 
 Hence arife fo many mutinies, hence the whole 
 crews of European velT.ls are fo often cut ofF by the 
 rifing of the negros, who hazard every thing to re- 
 gain the liberty which they are deprived of by the mtoft 
 cruel of all policy. 
 
 According to the account of thofe who declared in 
 favour of this tiaJe, theft unhappy wretches arc gene- 
 rally coupled together with irons, and often be^t and 
 buffetted about by the failors, and even ufed in 
 fuch a manner, that fomc of them conceive the 
 Europeans to be canibals, who delight (irft in tortur- 
 ini them, and afterwards in feafting upon their flefh. 
 They are kept confined below decks, except at fuch 
 timts at it is Hcccffliry (to prevent their fickening, 
 ■iy\w, and infeiting the (hip's companv ) to come up 
 on deck for the air m fair weather. They are fed in- 
 deed twii-ea-day, but cfien fcantily, and always on 
 
 the worft of viands, fuch as horfe-beans, wtierc they 
 are to be had, and the like coarl'e fare. If we follow 
 thefe poor crcatares to the Weft Indies, (hall we fee 
 them better treated? Certainly not. Some few ex- 
 cepted, they are put to the hardeft of labour, go naked 
 in the fields, are driven about like dogs, and have 
 only the force of cuftom to reconcile them to their 
 wretched fituation. When this is confidercd, we 
 may fairly infer that the (lave-trade is the inoft uii- 
 juftifiable traffic ever carried on by Chriftians in any 
 part o( the woild. 
 
 We (hall couclude hete, taking our leave of the 
 Coaft of Guinea, with a fummary defcription of thoJi: 
 parts of it, which have fo^un occurred in thik 
 work. 
 
 Guinea is a large extent of coaft, reachin? from 
 the river Scnaga, to Cape Lope Gonfalvo, and even 
 as far as Cape Negrae. The name, which is un- 
 known to the natives, and in ufe only with Euro- 
 peans, was firft impofed by the Portuguefe ; probably 
 from the country of Ghertchoa, mentioned by Leo 
 and Marinol, which firft occurred on the fouth nde of 
 the Sennga. 
 
 It is commonly divided into two parts, the Norik 
 and .South Guinea ; the firft extending from the Se- 
 naga to Sierra Leona i the latter from one of the capes' 
 above-mentioned. 
 
 South Guinea, which wecomenow to treat of, is 
 fubdividcd into fix parts, or coafts, the Malaghetta 
 or Grain Coaft, the Ivory Coaft, the Gold Coaft. 
 There are other divifions of it, according to the fancy 
 of navigators and geographers, but this ucffis the moft 
 juft and natural. 
 
 The Malaghetta, the Pepper, or the Grain Coaft, 
 taken in its largeft fenfe, extends from Sierra Leona 
 t* Growa, two leagues eaft of Cape das Palmas, 
 the fpace of i6o leagues. Others make it com- 
 mence at Cape Monte, 53 leagues to the eaftward of 
 Sierra Leona ; and foroe confine it between the river 
 Seftro and Growa, which reduces its extent to 35 
 leagues. 
 
 I'he coaft from Tagrin, to the ifland of Sherbero, 
 is encompalTed by the Baixos de S. Anna, or Shoals 
 of St. Anne, and runs fouth-eaft by fouth, forming; 
 thelarge Angra, or Bay of St. Anne, which reaches 
 almoft to Rio'de Gamboas. On the north fide of 
 this hay are the iflands Bravas, or Bananas ; the 
 largeft of them is the higheft land, and affords wood, 
 water and priivifions. 
 
 The five iflands, called Sombreros, lie on the fouth 
 of the bay, producing plenty of oranges, lemons," 
 pinicntodct cola, or rabo, a long pepper, wild wine- 
 palms, and fugtr-canes ; bananas, bees-wax, and 
 cam wood ; befides angclim, a timber fit for building 
 (hips. The natives make foap with palm-oil, and 
 palm-tree a(hes, which is fo highly valued by the 
 Portuguefe in thefe parts, that they will not fufter it 
 to be exported to Portugal, left it Ihould undo the 
 foap-boilers of that kingdom. The natives pretend 
 there are gold and iron mines in their little ifland, and 
 that they were fcparatcd from the continent by an 
 earthquake. 
 
 The depth of the bay is from five to eight fathoirus 
 mud. Four rivers run into it, whofc banks are lined 
 witfc man-grove trees, loaded with oyftcrs. The Rio' 
 Banquo is navigable for large (hips } the reft are not 
 much frequented, the adjacent countries being over- 
 grown with thick forcftt, and abounding with wild 
 bea((s. 
 
 I'he Rio Gamboas is two leigues to the fouth of 
 the Sombreros, having a bar at the mouth. The 
 town of Coucho lies 15 leagues up it, whither (loops 
 trade. From this river, to the Rio Sherbero, the 
 coaft lies fouth-eaft. It is formed by the ifland Sher- 
 bero and the continent, very large at the entrance. At 
 the weft end of Sherbero lie the three ifles of Tota, ia 
 a line. They are low and flat, with rocks on the 
 north-eaft fide. Their produce is much the fame as 
 on the main land. They are called Plantain Iflands 
 by the Enslifii, from tkat plant. 
 
 4 TiM 
 
I727-] 
 
 COASTS A N' D ISLANDS OF AFRICA. 
 
 4(?S 
 
 'I'hc inaml Slicrbcro, xt tlic EiuOlfli cuW it, is ii.n- 
 mcil by llic Pm liij;vicl'.', l''.iriilh.i, nr i'liuiiocns ; by 
 tlic Dutch, St. Aiim-, ()i- Malla Qii.j.i j anJ by the 
 I'lciith, Cicbv-ra. It txtcmls caft lijuth-call, about 
 to iL-ngiics, and is ail over flat land. Tlie country 
 abounds in ricf, niaili , as alfo in bananas, potatoes, 
 Indian figs, ananas, citidns, oranges, watcr-nicUons, 
 ;iiid the tVuit cola. Tlic inluiars are pa!.\iii>, and ul'e 
 circumcifion. 
 
 The river Shcrbcro, called by fume Madre Puniba, 
 by others Rio Selbuba, and Rio das I'almas, is very 
 lart;e, and rifing Car within land, dd'ctnds to the fei 
 thiou^hthc country of Uulm iMcmu, a land lull of 
 moralli.s. It is navigable for fliips of burden twenty 
 leagues upwards, to llic town of Bagas, or Haga, 
 where the Engli(h have a factory, belonging to Iju- 
 1am, and floops of 70 or 80 tons may afceiid 30 miles 
 above Kedham, 250 miles from its mouth ; but the 
 channel grows nanower the higher one goes up, and 
 in many places is almoft choakeJ up with buflics, 
 which grow along the fides ; befiles, in April and 
 May, the fit time for getting the cam-wood, of which 
 there i^ great plenty, it has fcarcely nine or ten feet wa- 
 ter ; but in Auguit and September, after the rains, 
 its depth is fixteeii orfeyenteeii feet. The navigation 
 is interrupted alfo by frcinient tornadoes, at whofc ap- 
 proach th.- (loops n.uH call anchor, or be faftened to 
 the trees growing along the (hnrcs, which arc v.ell in- 
 habited by very tivil people. 
 
 , 'i'his liver ubounds with crocodiles^ and water clc- 
 jiliants, a wild and dangerous animal. 
 
 The binds of Silni Monu, are fifteen or fifteen 
 leagues fa 11 her, and b yoml Silni,is(.^iun,'Miira, a pa- 
 pulous to'.vn, but the iiiHalii'aiUs not tlie bell naturid. 
 It (lands b".'hijid a greni woiJ, not to be feen fumi the 
 fliips ; is VLry large, but the houf-'S mean and b-w, 
 excepting nuL' in t!i" n/.d,!lo of the town, where the 
 principal negros liul'l tiieir p(1' mblic^. 
 
 The ailjae.'Mt country is very po|)ul;U'', the nativrs 
 1il;e iholoi of Sherbi ro, corinu/iily v.'.'ar a frotk ol 
 Itripcd calico, having all the famcc'adoms and man- 
 ticrs. The foil llkevsife proiluces the fame kind of 
 plantsandanim.il,> with tli.ic i.O.iinl. The cam-wood 
 here is a much belt', r kind of red « liid for dying than 
 lirafil, and reckon. d tbc bdt in all C.-uinea. It will 
 fervc ("even times for ufc. 
 
 The Sherbero receives hear the fea, the Rio Torro 
 at north-weft, and Rio dc St. Anna at fouth-caft, 
 lioth large rivers. I'lie Torro overflows twice a year, 
 but being Ihallow, and choked up with little ifland', 
 is navigable only fir Unall tjarks. From the foutli 
 Jjoiilt of the 'Sherbero river, to that of CJalinhas, 
 I he coaft ftretches call fouth-er.ff, eleven leagues, flat, 
 low, f.vampy, an. I marfhy, all covered with trees, 
 :ind inhabited. 
 
 Uio de (Jalinh.i<, called by th? natives Naqualabari, 
 rifos in the lands of Hondo, and runs thiough the 
 countries of Bulm Monu, and Qi,iilliga Monu, to 
 the fca, having two iflands in its mouth. It take 
 its Portugucfe nam? from the plenty of poultry. The 
 Europeans bring from hence dry hides, and elephants 
 teeth, brought down the river from Hondo, and Ca- 
 rudoba Monu, countries continii:iIly at \v:ir and 
 the fubjcifts to the king of Qinija, ivbo n fide, at Cape 
 Monte. The tide tuns very high to north-caft, along 
 the coaft, and the wind blows nioKly fn fli from the 
 tnrth-weft. I'he winter feafon here is from May to 
 Oaober. 
 
 Rio Maguiba, the next river, denies entrance to 
 iargo (hips by a bar. The Portuguefe, (who call it 
 Rio Nunc/, an.l Nuc\a) traded to it formerly, as 
 did the French ; but at prclcnt, it is frequented mo(t 
 bv the I'nglith, fur elephants teeth, failing up to the 
 village Dova Ruj:i. Higher up it is choaked with 
 tocki and f.ills of wattr. 
 
 Til - coall from kio (lalinbas to Cape Monte, is 
 lew and flat, fiockc I with vilIag^^s. The river Ma- 
 vah, or .^.;lf^'.lh, lU fiends finni the mountains, 30 
 leagues inl.iiid, near the Cja'vi nrgros, and running 
 into a large .uul deep clianii^l thiough the Danvvatc 
 Vol. I. No. t\-: 
 
 country, about a league on the north fide of Cape 
 Monte, is lo chi.kcd with fands, that it iu\er enters 
 the fea above once a year, at the time of its over- 
 flowing. 
 
 This river before the conqueft of Folgas, was in- 
 habited by the I'uy Monu negros, whofe king Flam- 
 burrc, commonly refided at the village Jog-Wonga, 
 on the weft fide, about a league and a half from the 
 k.w after he had quitted the town of Tomwi, at 
 Cape Monte, to the Q^iojas. Tlic king of the 
 l''olgas dwells on an ifland in the Lake of I'lizoje, 
 the better to avoid the infults of the Dogas. The town 
 'Fochu lies oppofitc to Jog-Wonga, where Flam- 
 burre refided for a time, when threatened to be 
 attacked by the Folgas. Two leagues farther up the 
 river, on the fame fide, is the village Fiji, where 
 formerly lived Tiji, the brother of Flamburre. 'I"wo 
 leagues higher on the fouth-fidc, is C"amma;.'oja, 
 and a league behind it, Jerbof..ja, over againft which, 
 the king had another village, from whence there is 
 a road through the woods to Jera IJallifa, three 
 leagues dilhint towards the fea, belonging to Flam- 
 burrc's eldeft Ion. 
 
 The coaft between Rio Maftah and Rio Maguibab, 
 is full of villages and hamlets, where tlie negros 
 make abundance of fait. 
 
 Cape Monte, called by the natives Wafh King, 
 is difcovered at a good diftancc from fea, (hewing 
 like an ifland in form of a faddle, Ixinga very high 
 mountain, appearing like a lofty ifland. 
 
 [At three leagues diltancc, one meets with thirty 
 fathoms water, black clayey bottom. 'I'he bell: an- 
 chorage is about three <|uartcrs oC a nule north-we(l 
 of t!ie point, in eight or twelve fathoms, where vcf- 
 IjIs may ride fate from the wind ; but as the fea is 
 always rough on this coaft, the failors are always 
 obliged to wade, and carry the o(ficers and goods on 
 Ihiiro i the negro canoes, if not Well manned, being 
 .ipt to over-let. J 
 
 The land which is low, produces a finall quantity 
 of yams, as alfo potatoes, and abundance of rice. 
 T'he fruits here, as well as on the (jold Coaft, 
 are, panguavers, bananas, pine apples, Sic. They 
 arc but indifl'erently (locked with cattle, having nei- 
 ther cows nor hogs, and but a few flieep. Nor have 
 they much poultrr, but what they have is good. 
 Here are numbers of elephants, tygers, harts, bulfalos 
 and other wild beafts, and the river abounds with 
 fi(h, which they catch v ith nets. 
 
 The courfe of Cape Monte river lies north-eaft 
 and (buth-weft, and it waters a very fertile country. 
 At a hundred paces from the fea, is a plain of fevcral 
 leagues extent, covered with o.xcn, cows, fliccp, 
 goats and hogs, amongft which the deer, roebucks, 
 and antelopes gr.izc peaceably. This plain is full of 
 villages, abounding with poultry; (uch as common 
 fowls, pintadocs, or CJuinca-hens, geefe and ducks, 
 which increafe wonderfully. Millet, rice, maife, 
 pulfe, arc alfo equally plentiful : fo is fi(h. I he palina 
 wine is excellent, and the air very tcnipiiate, from 
 the north winds, and innumerable rivers of pure 
 water, which run thiough the country. 
 
 The natives of Cape Monte are generally agreeable, 
 mild, fociabic, faithful, difintcreftcd, and very in- 
 duftrious. Their chief eniplovnients are, planting of 
 rice, and boiling of f.ilt, both which thry are obliged 
 to do for the king, whofc flaves they are. They fel- 
 dom arc at war with their neighbour;, chufing rather, 
 if any difierence happens, to end the nir.iter amicably. 
 Fach man marries as many wives as lu- can m.iiiitain, 
 :<nd as the women here work hard, tluir keeping i^; 
 not very cxpenfivc. Fhry are very contented, and 
 fecm not much concerned at what liberties they take 
 with other inen. All aiTts of government are deter- 
 mined by the votes of their cabo(hirs, who arc the 
 principal of the leading men at all towns, their expe- 
 rience or courage, having given them that fu- 
 pcriority. 
 
 The drcfs common to both (exes here is the tomi, 
 
 and the plaiting or briiiding ol" their wool. 'Fhc tomi 
 
 6 I. the 
 
 
i 
 
 I I 
 
 I 
 
 ! 
 
 ^1; 
 
 ri 
 
 ' i 
 
 481') 
 
 VOYAGES TO THE 
 
 t':-'. 
 
 the women t!c about their hips, and it fails hnlf w;iy 
 down their thigh nil rouml j but the nun bring it 
 luulir their twilt, and I'aften it jull upon the girdling 
 I'.irt behind. 15oth take great delight in twifting ilic 
 wool of their heads into rirglcts with gold or Ilunef, 
 BiiJ bellow a great de..l of tiniC and genius in it. 
 
 ■J'hc natives of C.ipc Monte aie ehaiilier in thi^r 
 wav of eating than the rc(t of tlicfc n.ili.>ns. 'I'Ixy 
 tile bowls made of a hard wood, and bafons of pewter 
 (T copper tinned, which tliey keep very neat ; they 
 road their meat on wooden fpile, but have for;;iit 
 wh;!t the Kunch taught them, to tuin it about, 
 lor they full ro.ill one lide, and then the other. 
 
 It ih certain the Normans had formerly a trade here, 
 and the Rouen company, in lOiff, a fettlement j 
 liUiUL;h it is at prtfent uncertain how, or when they 
 abandoned it. When the India company, in r666, 
 and i66g, lent Ihips here, the king, then leigiiing 
 here, received the French commander with great 
 kinJnefs, andconvcrfing with him in French, granted 
 him a tiee trade. Tliis prince was a tall, veneiable, 
 old man of lixty, called Fallani Boure. 
 
 'J'he En-lifti and Dutch, and others who trade 
 here, buy many fine mats and pagnes made ofgrafs, 
 which 51C very beautiful, and of a bright yellow. 
 Alio great quantities of i\ory of the f me goodncfs as 
 that of Sierra Leona. 'I'he teeth which thefc peo- 
 ple bring from the north, are not fo white, but much 
 larger, Ionic weighing 200 pounds weight. 'I'he 
 Europeans buy here the Ikins of lions, panthers, 
 tygers, and other wild be. ih, and about 1500 (laves 
 tveiy year. 'I'hefe hill are brought by the Mandingo 
 nKiehants from the inland parts of Africa, for only 
 criminals are fold here, and for the king's profit. 
 
 Here is alio fome gold to be had, which is probably 
 brou;;ht down by the fame merchants j fo that it 
 would be worth while to have a factory here. The 
 foic-lls yield plenty of woods fit for dying, cfpecially 
 in red. 'Ihis wood the ncgros cut, and bring it to 
 tlicllioie in blocks of four or five fiet long. The 
 Fiii'jifli, who buyagre.Tt deal cf it, prefer it to 
 lii. Ill wood, wliieh was fornieily lb miieh cllecmed. 
 
 C.ipe .Menfurado, is about fixteen Icigiics dilhint 
 from Cape Monte, there being a high land between 
 them. This mountain, which if, not near li) high as 
 the latter, is round and large, being almoll furrouiided 
 by water. The fide fronting the fea, is Itcep and 
 high, that to the land, more penile and accelliblc. 
 The top is level, and the ground much b.tter than 
 might be expeifled at fuch a pl.ue. On the call is a 
 b.iy of ct iiliderable extent, terminated by a nigh 
 Iind, Cincred u ith large trees. On the Wed fide is 
 another large bay fomKd by the river, whole mouth 
 is ill the middle of it. Thele two bays arc fcparated 
 by a long narrow neck of lai.d. The cape lies in fix 
 degrees nine minutes nf north latitude. That 
 part which projeils mod to the fea, runs fouth-cad. 
 A river fmaller than the Mcnlurado, which comes 
 J.oiii the ead, falls into the wedern bay, and is navi- 
 gable at high fea lor twelve or fourteen leagues. 'I'he 
 water of it is always brackilh, but it abounds with 
 filh. 
 
 The Portiiguefe call the river Menfurado, Rio 
 Diiro, on account of the cruelties of the natiics when 
 thev madaered fomc Frenchman there. It runs fird 
 north-wed for eighteen or twenty leagues, after 
 which, it makes a tuin to the uonh-eaft. Its courle 
 after thi-i is unknown. 
 
 i'he tide flows up the river Menfurado twenty 
 le.iguc; at the liafon of the equinoxes, and eight or 
 nine rte red of the year. They obfervc, in the rainy 
 months, the water is fait only about three leagues 
 ■ibove the king's ifle, becaufc of the freflincl's of the 
 I„nd rtood>. The river is very pleafint, in fome 
 plicis as broad ■j.s the Thames at London ; and 
 fringed on eaeh fide with thick groves of mangrove- 
 tiivi, which are always green. 
 
 Though it is uncertain how far the dominions of 
 the king of Menfurado extends inland to the north and 
 ■ ,iuh'iall ; it nay be piefumeJ they arc not fmall, 
 
 from the number of forces he cfn raifc on par.icular 
 oecafiiins. His limits to the cad arc the Rio June<', 
 twmty leagues from Cape Menfurado ; and to the 
 well, afinalliiver, half way between that and Cape 
 Monte. 
 
 All this country is very feitile, gold is to be had 
 here, hut it i^ unknown where they get it, orwheiinr 
 it is the produce of the foil. 'I hey ha\e as good red 
 wood here as at Cape Aloiite, and leveiid kinds of 
 wood proper lor bein;". wrou /ht in c.ibiiiet work. 
 .Sugar canes, indigo, and cotton, thrive hcic wiijioiit 
 cultivation. Their tobacco, (of the management of 
 which, the ncgros. arc wholly ignorant) would he 
 excellent, if it were carefully nianufacluird. The 
 lions and tygers do not hinder their (locks from in- 
 crcafing piodigioully ; and their trees are loadid with 
 fruit, in Ipiglit of the devadations of the monkeys: 
 in a wold, the country is rich, the commerce aJ- 
 vantagcous, and might be greatly augmented by thole 
 who could cultivate the frKiullhip ot the people, for 
 it would be in vain to think of making a fettlement 
 by force. 
 
 The natives arc of a good dature, ftrong, snd well 
 proportioned, have a martial air, and arc very brave, 
 as their neighbours have experienced, as well as the 
 Europeans, who have vinturid to provoke them. 
 They are fenfible people, who think judly, cxprcfs 
 thcmfelves well, and underdand their own intcrcfls 
 as well as their ancient friends the Normans. 
 
 Their drels, cattle and fruits, arc like thofc of 
 Cape Monte. The cabofliirs wear a driped frock, 
 reaching to the knees, and if they can get an old hat 
 they are very proud of it. Elfe they wear a party- 
 coloured ozier-b:ig upon their heads. 
 
 Their arms aie lances about five feet lonrf, with 
 pointed iron-heads J fiuall bows, and arrows aslieinltr 
 as a reed, mod of which were always poifoned wii'i 
 fome black ingredients, which, if it touches the blooJ 
 kills inevitably, if the part afF-cled be not immedi- 
 atily cut od'; their arrows have no iron heads oj 
 featiiers, neither do they ever (hoot them point-bliink, 
 but at random, but iiotwithdandingby this iriethod they 
 will come very n.i.r the mark they aim at. 'Jhey carry 
 Iquare targets ol thin board, i.biiut four foot ionr, 
 and two bioad, vviih convenienclcs on the infide tu 
 hang them 01. the left r.m s, but 10 as their hand Is 
 tree to manage their how. 
 
 The country is VI ry populous. The villages arc 
 large, and fwarnr with childrui, becaufc the women 
 arc very fruitfgl, and polygamy is allowed; bcfides 
 none of the n.ilives (criminals excepted) arc Ibid for 
 (laves. 
 
 In the midft of each village, is a fort of dagc raifcd 
 like a market hall, about fix foot above the ground, 
 to which you afccnd by a ladder. It is called th^: 
 calde, or place of converfation. The floor and roof 
 arc like that of their houfes : It is open on all fides. 
 Here they meet to tianfaiSl all their bufincfs : fo that 
 it is the exchange of this country, or r.'.ther a kind of 
 negro cofl'ee-houfc ; the indolent go there to fnio.-.k 
 and chat, the politicians to liear news. The rich 
 have their mats carried there by thi ir (laves to fit 
 down; others carry iheirown ; lomc hire them frora 
 the king's officers appointed to take care of the 
 place. 
 
 Their houfes are very neat, and their kitchen even 
 with the ground ; open on the fide freed from wind, 
 and walled on the oth'-r three fides, with ftakes co- 
 vered with red clay, which binds well, though not 
 mixed with lime, and lads long. Their bed-chambers 
 are raifcd three feet from the ground, to avoid the 
 inconvenience of the dews. Thefe houfes refembic 
 pretty much our mountebanks dagei iu Europe.— 
 I'he front is open, and the floor has a jutting outof 
 five or fix feet broad, where the negros, laid on mats, 
 pafs the day with their wives and family. The walls 
 of thefc chambers are of red clay near a foot thick. 
 The roofs, raifed like a tent, is covered with reeds nt 
 palm leaves, foclofe interwoven as to admit neither 
 fun nor raiii. To the right and left arc two cllradcs 
 
f';; 
 
 177.7.] 
 
 COASTS AND ISLANDS OF AFRICA, 
 
 **v 
 
 or benches, one foot high and four broad ; on thcfc- 
 arc iii.ils a foot thick, wnicli are covered wiih cot- 
 ton ilolh, or calico, and furroujuicd with curtaini of 
 th- fame. At the upper end of this room, they place 
 thcrr tiiinks or boxes, and their arms upon the walls. 
 
 In thi: middle of their apartments, tJKV laife a 
 fquarc elevation of about lix inches nigli, and two 
 feet oil each fide, on which they keep aconftant fire 
 night and day i in theday to fniokc, and inthenight 
 to drive away the flies, and defend thenifelves fiuni 
 the ccdd ;ind nioiftnf fs of the air. There arc as many 
 chambers as the perfoii has wivc«, with whom lu lies 
 by turns, and they arc proportioiuil in bignels to the 
 number of each family. I'he wife in who. e cham- 
 ber the hulbaiid is to pafs the 11 -,ht, has her lord's 
 fupper --cady. f'hey have iikcwile places in which 
 they (lore their provifioiis. 
 
 Their religion is a confufcd idolatry, often changing 
 their divinities, or fetilhcs. 1 heir ;:doration of the 
 fun is more fixed and conllant, to whom they ofter 
 f.icrifices of pahn-v.ines, fruits and animals. For- 
 mcily they oftereil !iu!)un viilinis ; but this cultom 
 has cealed fincc thev U.und the profit of felling their 
 priionersof war to foreigners. 
 
 Between C.ipc M.nfurado and the river of Seftos, 
 ther-.- are f.veral rivers; the fiilt is that of Junco, 
 (called alfo Riodcl I'unte) in five degrees, 50 minutes 
 north latitude. The m(iii:h or entry, lies fouth fouth- 
 caff. It is known by three trees, on a Iniall riling 
 ground oppofite three mountains, a great way in 
 land. The mouth is broad, fome fay tour or five 
 hundred paces, but has little water. It is planted 
 with trees on each fide, which form an agreeable pro- 
 fpcft. All the fliore is bordered with orange, citron, 
 and palm-trees. The co.iiter,'' who trai': here, ufiially 
 anchor at the mouth of the river, where difcharging 
 a gun, the negros light a fire on the point when they 
 have goods to fell, and this ferves as llic fignal for 
 trading. 
 
 'l"hc country between Sierra Leona and the river 
 Sellos, is divided into feveral tfrrito.'ies, p.^rtii ularly 
 thofc of Dulm, Silm, ^.^^i lli.<.i, Honili>, Galas, 
 Caradabo, Galivcy, Folgias, (^loia, ■.:..; leveral 
 others. To each of thcfe names is commonly added, 
 eithrr M^now, or Bercoma ; Menu, or Monow, 
 fi^jnityinj; people, Bercoma land, in their language. 
 
 Forty milc> to the fouth-eaft lies Silm, where there 
 arc leveral towns fcatcd on the river ; and atnongll 
 them the city of Qiianamora, Containing 5000 fami- 
 lies, a treacherous people. The Sherbero, which is 
 the chief river in the country, divides towards the 
 inouth, into two branches : one running weftward, 
 the inhabitants name Torro ; the other defccnding 
 fouth, the Portugucfe call Rio dc S. Anna, 'i'erio 
 twice or thrice a year has but little watei , and by rea- 
 fon of many ifl.iiids in its channel, is navigable only 
 for boats. 
 
 The country of Qiiilliga lies near the river Ma- 
 qualbary, by the Portuguefe, Galinhas, (or of Hens) 
 upon which, about 230 miles, dwell the Caradabo 
 Monow. It riles in the country of Hondo, more to 
 the north. All thefc countries are fubie^ito the king 
 of Q|ioja. 
 
 The country inward ffom Wabcongn, or Cape 
 Monte is called Qiioja. It is inhabited by two dil- 
 tintt people, the Vcy-Bercoma, and Q^ioja-Bercoma, 
 which were both fubducd by the Karows. The V'ey- 
 Ucrcoma are the remains of the ancient inhabitants of 
 the river Maffah and Cape Monte, once a populous 
 and warlike nation, extending as far as the countiy of 
 Monow, but, at prcfent, reduced to a handful of 
 men. 
 
 The territory of Hondo is fome what to the north 
 of Galavey. It is divided into four principalities, 
 Maflillagh, Dcdowach, D.ingurro, and Dandi, the 
 chiefs whereof arc named by the king of Q^ioja, each 
 having equal authority, piid paying a yearly acknow- 
 ledgment to him, by their envoys, in prcfentsof brafs 
 kettles, bafuns, qua-qua tluihs, red cloth, and 
 fait. 
 
 The CondcQiioj as, that is,Highf.}u j.i?, atf r.eijih- 
 bours to th;; Iioiido Monow, and h.ive a l;\n^ua^o" 
 diM'ereiU iVoin th.it ol the (^injas. T.ie l(<l.;i..^-, auJ 
 .\luMuw co'iiitries arc watered liy t.ic rivcis Jiin.^ and 
 Aaeredo, v.'hieli I'epa.'ate the For;i;s jicm the K."r>j\» 
 .\lono»^, although tiie uiiig ol K.;irinv letld.-s near ti: : 
 country of Fulgias, evti liiice ilvir union, whi.Ii 
 Willi iluir tonijucit over the lututs, occafioncd :« 
 great change. 
 
 The Folgias, as well as (ho Ruin and Silm, call 
 the fuhjects <.f tliis emperor, Mnu'i, ih«t i-, Loiff, 
 the (^iuj.i5, Mjiidi-.Nieiiiow, thertf;ile of the Lainl. 
 1 Ills i:> to honour ihcnifeves llv; luur:, a'l King his 
 tributarcs. Hut c.ieh of thele p'tty kings h;M 
 anabfolute autiioiity in his own di!lr:eU, and can 
 make war or peace without the coiilenlut tne em- 
 peror, or any other of whom they hold. 
 
 'I'he Qiiabi-Monoiv:> live about the river SlUo". 
 They were tormerlv fubdueJ by Fleiilirc, king of tl.c 
 Folgias, but haie liiicc rceoveud their former con- 
 dition, depending fulely on the .Monow emperor. 
 
 The vegetables, animals, &c. in this part, par- 
 ticularly the country of the Qiifins, .ire niueh ihc 
 fame, as thofe in the former diviliu.u of the oali. 
 
 Here is found the filla vanJoch ; it iv the fiie < f a 
 hart, of a yillowidi colcur, blended with whiru 
 llreaks i the horns about t.velve inehslng, with 
 each a hole, thiough which the aniniui breather. Ic 
 is fleeter than a deer. 
 
 'Fhey have porcupines both great .Ti'd fmall. The 
 quaggelo, is an amphibious animal, about .'.x f.it 
 long, Ihapcd and covered with ha:d, i:-.ip netrable 
 fcales, much like a crocodile. It defmJs ufilf fronl 
 other bcalls, by erecting its icales, whlcli a.e pointed 
 at the end. It has a broad tongue, with v.hitli it 
 catches pifmires. 
 
 They have four forts of eagles; and there arc abun- 
 danceof blue parrots, with red tails. Hcrj is a lit- 
 tle bird of the wood-pecker kind, about the (i/.e of ;i 
 fparrow, which by degrees makes a hole; w ilh its bill 
 in the trunks of trees, there toncltlc and breed young 
 ones. 
 
 The Jouwa, which is the fize of a lark, general!/ 
 lays its eggs in beaten paths and roads. I'lie bl.icks 
 believe, whoever breaks them, their children will 
 foondie. They eat of all the birds abovcmcnlioned, 
 except this latl. 
 
 There is a great variety of fifh along this coaR. 
 One has been fecn of a mnnih'iis form on this fiJe of 
 Cape Monte. It was al,> ;,t eight feet long from head 
 to tail, about a foot and a half in dii-inclcr, and four 
 and a half in circumfjienec. It had no leaks, the 
 Ikin vas thick, hard, and rouL,'i, like that of the 
 ihark : it was taken with a large hefk wi'.h an iron 
 chain. When they got him near the ihip, tl'.ev flung 
 a rope with a running-knot, round his tail, bywiiieh 
 they drew him up, but took care to kill liim bcloitf 
 they brought him onboard. The tb lat was hu'.c, 
 armed with twelve teeth, fix above, and fix bcluw, 
 thick and (harp, about two inches long ; his iV.oiit 
 extended half a loot beyond his under-juw, and was 
 a bone, covered with iIk lame Ikin as his body, of a 
 greenidi colour, though the throat and IpswercKt 
 a bri;_;ht red. His eyes were lary;c, red, and fpurkled 
 like fire. Inllead of gills, he had live gafliis, or in- 
 cifions, on each fide the body, whieh he opened and 
 fliut at pleafure, and jiill beyond llivm, an extremely 
 ftrong fin, of a middle liic. He had iwoiithers, le(', 
 beneath his belly, and one larger on his back. His 
 tail was fcollcped, thick, lar;;e, and ftrong, and co- 
 vered with the fame (kin. A ihark approaching him 
 while he was in the noofe, he received a ftroke with 
 his tail, which fcnt him away in hallc. N...11 the 
 Cape Mcnfurado, the lea produces alio fome fiflics, as 
 extraordinary as that above delcribcd. 
 
 The bhxks in general of both Icxcs, are very lux- 
 urious, which occafions difcafe", and fiiortenr- their 
 lives. They arc extremely fond of ftrong liquors, 
 efpccially brandy, whengi.cn them, but will feldoni 
 buy any. The women ufc certain liquors made of 
 
 h«rl»» 
 
4^9 
 
 V O V A G E S TO T !l t 
 
 r.75 
 
 Ikrbs ar.J bnrki tOc:;i:lc \Icioii>; ii;cilii.itloin. Th.' 
 natives, hciwcvci, ;;i thdfpp.irt*, an- gcnirally well 
 teni)icrid, civil, ;:iiJ tr;.i.lal)lc, lu t .ij.t to ihcd hu- 
 man lilooJ, iinKfs much provoki';!. 
 
 They live in g;riat union ami Criendfliip, being rcaily 
 to aflill each oiliir with doathiiir', or provifions upon 
 in<ii\ orcarum', and often ni ikinc; prilents ot" Inch 
 tliiii;^!!, ajid iMimliines (laves, or other goods of value. 
 If a pcrluM liies and leaves not inou^ih to bury him, 
 his frienils defray the charge:. Altough thcv are not 
 addicted to flealing from one another, thev make no 
 icruple to take whatever they can from lliofe uhu are 
 ftrangcrs. 
 
 It liah been already noticed that they have many 
 wives. The firit wife railed Mikilm.ih, has alupc- 
 riority over the rclt. Their iiiui ia ;c teren.ony is the 
 tame as in other parts ; only it inufl be obfcrvcd, thit 
 the bridigrooni mull make his bride three i!iftini5t prc- 
 fcMts. I'irit, the fnglo, or r .la, conllfh ot a cural, 
 I r bugles ; fecondly, the jafin;,', a lew p.':;nes, or 
 cloths; thirdly, the Icl'iny, a trunk' to put up her 
 fhiti[',s ; elle a brals kettle, abifoii, or, accoiding to 
 h r i|ualitv, a llavc. The bridc'.i father lends a prelent 
 of one or two flaves, twi> frocks, a quiver lull of ar- 
 row s, a fciniitar and belt, with three or four bafkets of 
 lice, 'flic hulband maintailis the bovs, the woman 
 the girls. 'I'hev fcrupic not to marry women who 
 have loll thtir virf;inity, provided they have jiood por- 
 tions. Thcfe liLicks, as well as thofe of CJambra, 
 firiiillv aMVain from their wives, as foon as they ap- 
 pear wilh-cliiKl. 
 
 Th'.v give names to their children ten davs after 
 tliey ati. born. On the diy the boy i* to In- r>.-.med, 
 the fithcr, atten I^d bv his i!ii;i,cltic-, atnied with 
 b'jws I'lul arroA^, walks about the town hortrlin;; 
 and fin; in.-, Ow inhaliit.ifils, as he palles, juin him 
 with tiiiir Miurital iiiftrumrnts. Aftci this, the perfon 
 pppcinied |(ir the nremoin-, t.ikins; tho child from 
 the ir:u!!;!r, lays it on a fliicKi in the niiilll of the 
 crinpanv, and p'.its a bow into its b. ind. Th<ii ho 
 makes a l-ii;; dilVoiirfe to the |>cople on the occalion : 
 alter which, tut ni:i^ t.i t'r.e child, lieu illus lie may 
 be lilte his f.ithcr, induHriou'^, hofpitalde, a p;ood 
 biiili!;".- and hn'liar..lr.ian : that he may not covet his 
 nciglihi'iii's will', be a drunknrd, glu'ton, or the 
 like. 'I'heii takin;r up the cliild, he gives him a 
 'iainc, nnd delivers l;i:ii to his iiiotlrror nurfe. Then 
 thev go luiniing, and afterwards feall upon the game 
 they have taken. 
 
 If a pirl is to he named, the mother or nurfe briii';- 
 iiig the child, where moll of the pcopl>.' of the village 
 are alTembled, lays hw on a mat tn the ground, with 
 u little Haft" in one hai.J, and then exhorts it to be 
 a good houl'ew ife, a goi.d cook, chalte, and a dutiful 
 wife; that her luilland may love lur above all his 
 other wives, .md (he attcnvl hnn at hunting ; fuch 
 wiflies being fmiflvJ, the ii..iiv? i^; given her. 
 
 The eULit fon of the decod'-d iiilieiits all his goods, 
 wives and concubines ; and he dying wiihout iflue, 
 all falls to his younger brother if he has any. The 
 other chiMien arc gen.'r:;!!y prt.vided for by their 
 father in hii lil'e-t nic, that they may not be reduced 
 to poverty after his death. Uut if a man dies without 
 male ili'ue, the Ion of his brother is his next heir, 
 thou;;li h'- flioiiid have f. leral daughters ; and in rale 
 there is not a m.il'; Kf: ofafaniilv, then the king 
 becomes the Ude heir, but is to maintain all the 
 dau-httrs that aie left b.hind. 
 
 '1 l-.c chief biilini Is of the blacks in this quarter, is 
 tillr.irc, for they ;,ie not much aildicU'd to trade. They 
 have (ew or no llav; ^ to difpofc of; and the great 
 jMimber of Kuropean lli'jis th 't pal's s-long their coafts, 
 (lion exhault the teeth, \\a.\, and little cam-wood 
 they have. 
 
 'I'he Ci^ioja blacks between their harvefts, employ 
 thernfclves in fifhing, hunting, or buildin:; : but 
 none can hunt hu(i.iloes without leave from tlic king, 
 who Ins the ni -iet) of th..., and a third part of all 
 (jthei g.: lie. Water elephants b.lnng wholly to the 
 king i-r chi>;f of the land, who rcturnc the hunters 
 .vh>tt h<. tiiiiiki lit. 
 
 The hoiifes of the Quojas arc a]\ b'lilt round as at 
 Rulifro. They have both open and furtilied villages. 
 'I'he former calicd Koii Serah, are built in 4 cirtuiar 
 form, inconipalled with trees planted very near each 
 other. The fortified towns called San Siah, have 
 four coheres, a fort of ballions, through which they 
 pals in and out of the village, by a gate fo low auJ 
 yarrow, that only one can pals at a time. Over 
 each gate there is a ccntrv box, made of the branches 
 of a tree, called Tambo Hangocla. Thcfe towns arc 
 likcwilc inclofcd with the tombo or wine palm, 
 (which are long, thick, and very hard wood) tallcneJ 
 to the liirrounding trees, fo that nothing can be fecit 
 throu|',h their indofuru-: but at certain diltanccs there 
 arc naii'ow lights, or loop holes, with Ihuttcrs 10 
 (hoot through on occafion. 
 
 'ihc river in the (^loja's country being choked 
 with falls and land, fo as to render canoes ulclefs ; 
 they have a Ibrt of bridges, made with ItaHs of tombo, 
 tied to;;ethtr with a rope (of certain roots t«i(lcd) on 
 each (ide, and Ihetchcd a-crofs at the heighth of three 
 feet, and (aliened to trees, to prevent paH'cnjjers fryiu 
 falling into the water. 
 
 Their fiiierals in general are the fame with 
 thofe ot other blacks already defciibed, though vary- 
 ing much in circumllances and additional ceremonies. 
 When tliecorpfc is well waHud, they tiini the hair 
 of^its head into locks, and let it uprii ht, fupportul by 
 props, and clothed in the beft appaiel that the pcffuii 
 woic »hil(t living; or had been given fiacc dead, 
 as is ufual ; with a bow in one hand, and an arrow 
 in the other. 
 
 Then the nearcft relations or fricndi make a fntt 
 of Ikirniilh With their arrows, which lalls a ci niidcr- 
 able while. That done, they kneel round the corpfo 
 with their hacks towards it, as if much provoked ; 
 and thus (hoot their arrows round the world, as they 
 call it, to lignify they are ready to revenge the de- 
 ccafed againlt any peifon who (hall olf'er to ipeak ill 
 of him ; or might have been inllrumental to his 
 death. After this, they (Irangle fonic flaves of the 
 dcceaUd, to attend hif.i in the other world; who, by 
 way uf preparalion, arc fcafted with all the delicacies 
 the country can art'ord. 
 
 During this time, the women acquaintance of the 
 village keep about his wives, and throwing tliem- 
 felvcs at their feet, deflre thcin to be comforted and 
 dry up tlieii tears. 
 
 After this, laying the corpfc on a board, or Imall 
 Ladder, two men carry it upon their IhonliLrs to 
 the grave. With the body they call in the lli angled 
 women and flaves, mats, kettles, bafons and other 
 things belonging to the deccafed ; th^ v cover all with 
 a mat, and hang his armour on an iion rod, fet up 
 in the ground atone end of the roof, which tliey trcct 
 over the grave to keep off the rain ; and every day for a 
 long tin.c after, they leave eatables aid liuuors there 
 for him to feed on in the other world. If a woman i* 
 buried, they fet up an iron p<!e, or red, her balon>, 
 and Dutch mug' in lieu of the armour. 
 
 'Ihey bur/all of the fame family in the fame pl.ice, 
 the igh the perfon die at ever fo great a ilillance. The 
 burying places are commonly in frmc fuif.iken or 
 ruined villages, which they call Toniburoy. Of thcfe 
 there arc many on the river I'ligoge, and in the illaiid 
 Maffali, behind Cape Monte. 
 
 Their rcafon for iliangling the perfons who are to 
 be buricil in the graves of men c f note, is, becaufe 
 they think human blood is too precious to b-- Ipilt or 
 walled on any account. They flrangle the in with a 
 bitof ftring, by twilling it about the neck. They all- 
 burn in their pielin'.e, the remaining vi(5luals that 
 had been prepared to feaft them before their exit, ad- 
 judging it to be facrcd. 
 
 Ihis cruel cullom, however, begins to Icfe ground ; 
 for generally at all places where it .; praclilcd, the 
 people hide their daughters or children, as loon as the 
 king's ficknels is thought mortal, to prevent which, 
 thofe who attend him ufc all precautions to conceal 
 it. And when thofe who have abfcond(.d return to 
 ji their 
 
ijtf,:] 
 
 fcOASTS AND ISLANDS OF AFRICA. 
 
 4«f 
 
 their il'A'.Il'n->«, they arc f.ici\Iy reproarlicd with 
 the want i>l (••>iir;ipr, whirli ^inidiir; ilicni is the gifntclf 
 atFront i and tuM hinv uiiriMl'on iblc it i«, tlial tlicy, 
 who hi I iMtcn thr bread of tluir luiil or hurbuiid, 
 (h mid be afraid to die \vith him. 
 
 It is jWo iiilfoin.irv fur the nearcft relation? or 
 IVinids to kii>r> a fill after th-- funeral, of ten days (°' 
 the comm.in fort, which are called liolli (juwe, and 
 thirty day^ tor a k'np;, or coiilidi rabic pcrfon. Such as 
 k.ep this faft make a vow, lifting up both liands, not 
 to cat rice during that time, nor to drink any liquor 
 but what is kept in a hole for that purpoie in the 
 ground, as alfo to abrtain from the company of wo- 
 men, and the women vow to tloath thcmfelvc^ with 
 nothing but white or black rags, to go with their hair 
 4oofe, and to lie. on bare ground at niyht. 
 
 The fad being over, the p.;nitrnts lift up both their 
 hands agains, to denote that tliey have very puniStually 
 accompiilhed it. After tk\<<, the men go a hunt- 
 ing, the women, at their return, drefi what they 
 kill, and all ton^ihcr frail on it j laftly, thofe who 
 have kept the fait are difmidld,. with each of them a 
 prefent of a bafon, a kittle, a cloth, a bafkct of fait, 
 or in iron bar, and other things. 
 
 Nr< piojile among tlie blacks arc To forma! and ce- 
 remonious a« the (^iiioj IS, and the fureft way to make 
 them tradable, is to comply with their cuftoms in 
 general. 
 
 A woman accufud of adultery, is to lake the oath in or- 
 der toclcar h'.rfelf. If afterwards conviiflcd of perjury, 
 flie is, in the eveninj:, carried to the public market- 
 place of the village, by her hulband, where the coun- 
 cil is fitting. They firft invoke the Jannanin ; they 
 then cover her eyes, that fhc may not fee the fpirits 
 that are to carry her away, after which follows a very 
 (i'verc reprimand on her difordcrlv life, with dre.idful 
 ihreatSj if ih^ does not amend it ; and fo flie is dif- 
 charced, after a confufcd noife of voices heard, ex • 
 prefTiriL', th It though fiieh crimes ought to be punifhed, 
 vet, fiiice it is the firlt off.nce, it is forgiven, upon 
 lier obfervii':; fonie (MU, and moi tifying herfelf j it 
 being expected, that fhe fliould live lochafte, as not 
 to admit any boys, though ever fo young, into her 
 arms, nor yet fo much as to touch the cluaths of any 
 man. 
 
 If, after this, flie happens to rclapfe, and is again 
 conviifted, perfons appointed for the purpofe making 
 a noife with a fort of fcrap"r, comes in the morning to 
 the criminal's houfe, and brings her into the public 
 place of the town. There they oblige her to walk 
 three times about it, ftill making; a great poife, that 
 all who are of the brotherhood of Belli, may fee what 
 Is doing, anil take v.-arninj;, fuch as are not of it, not 
 daring fo much as to look out, for fear the fpirits 
 fliould carry them awav. After this, they convey her 
 to the holy wood called IJelli ; and from that time, (he 
 is never heard of mon', being probably facrificcil there, 
 but the blacks fancy that the fpiritj of the woods carry 
 fuch women away. 
 
 If a man is charged with theft, murder, or perjury, 
 and the evidence Is iiot clear enough againfl liim, or 
 that he is only fufpeiflcd of this or ttiat crime, he is to 
 take the trial of Belli, a compolition made by the 
 prieft, with the bark of a tree and herbs, which is 
 laid on the perfons hanr^. If he is guilty of the in- 
 diflment, the blacks fny it will prefently burn the 
 Ikin ; but that, if innocent, will be prudui^livc of 
 no harm. 
 
 Sometimes the pricft caufes a perfon to drink a 
 draught of liquor made of the barks of tlie nelle and 
 quoni-trccs, which are thick, and reckoned a per- 
 icA poifon. If he be innocent, he will vomit It up 
 iinmcdiately, but, if guilty, it will foam about his 
 mouth, and thi.r<.l)y prove him guilty, and punlfliable 
 with death. 
 
 They ufually execute criminals, thus conviiSled, 
 in fomo remote place, at a great didance from their 
 village : there the criminal kneeling, with his head 
 bowed down, the executioner thrulis him through with 
 a fmall javLlin. 'I'hc body beinjj fallen on the ground, 
 
 Vol. I. Nu. 4.2. 
 
 he cuts the head oft" with an axe, or knife, and quar- 
 ters It, delivering the limbs to the wives of tlie pei- 
 fon executed, who commonly aflift him at tlif e'a v 11- 
 lion, and are to t.id them on fome dunghills about 
 the country. 
 
 Thele iHopleacknowkdie a Supreme Biing, Crea- 
 tor of all things, but cannot form anyjult idea of 
 him. The blacks of Bulmaiid I'iinna make flraii;.;': 
 reprefenlatioRS of him. Tlicy c.ill that lielii", Ca- 
 now, or Canuo, attributing to liim an iiiiinite jiowcr, 
 univerfal knowledge, and to be prefent every when. 
 They bilieve that all good proceeds from him, but 
 not that he is etern;il i holding, that another light or 
 being, is to come to puiiifli the wicked and leward 
 the virtuous, 
 
 'I'hcle people biliovc that the dead become fpirits, 
 which they call Jaiinac, or Jannanin, that is, Pa- 
 trons or defenders ; their bufinefs being to protcit and 
 artilt their former relations and kindred, which is the ren- 
 fon they put fuch quedions to their dead, as are be- 
 torenientioned, 'I'hus if a man happens to efcap^: 
 fome imminent danger in hunting, at his return lie 
 facrifices as the grave of his fuppofed deliverer, an 
 heifer, lice, and palm-wine, as an acknowhdgmenr^ 
 in the prcfencc of the relations of the dcceafed, who 
 dance and ling at the feaft. 
 
 When a man has received an injury, he repairs to 
 the woods, where they believe thofe fpirits or fouls 
 refidc, and with their howls and cries, intreat Canow 
 and Jannanin, to chaltife the malice of the party 
 whom he names. In like manner, when he finds 
 himftif in fome difficulty or danger, he conjures the 
 foul of his beft relations to help him out of it. Others 
 confult them as to future events : for inftance, whe- 
 ther any European Ihip will lion arrive and bring 
 goods to tiaflic, or the like. 
 
 In fliorl, they hive a very great vencr.ition for tliefe 
 departed fpirits, and rely on them as their tutilar 
 gods. They never drink water or palm-winc, with- 
 out firft (pilling a little of it, as a libration for the 
 jannanin ; and to aflcrt the truth of any thing, they 
 fwear by the fouls of their deccafcd parents. The 
 kings themfelvcs do the fame ; and though they feem 
 tohave a great veneration for Canow, or God, yet, 
 all their religious worfliip fecms to be dirciSted to thofe 
 fouls, each village having a place appointed in the 
 nearell wood to invoke them. 
 
 Thcfe blacks, at three fevcral times of the year, 
 carry abundance of provifions, for the fiibfiftence of 
 the jannanin. Into the woods and fortfts. And thi- 
 ther perfons in aflliiSion repair, to implore the affift- 
 ance of Cano.v, and the jannanin with very loud 
 cries. 
 
 It is farrilrdje for women, maids or children to en* 
 ter thofe facrcd woods, and therefore they are made 
 to believe from their infancy, that the jannanin would 
 ininudiately kill them. 
 
 They fay they have magicians and foreercrs among 
 them, as alfp a peculiar fort of men, whom they call 
 Sovah Munufin, that is, Poifoners and Blood- 
 fuckers. Thefe they fancy will fuck the blood out of 
 man or bcaft, or, at leaft, corrupt in fueh a manner, 
 as to occafion lingering and painful difeafes. There 
 are others called Pilli, who, by their inchantmcntSj 
 they believe can hinder the rice from fprouting or 
 coming to maturity. They fay the Sovah poflTefles 
 fuch, who being overwhelmed with melancholy, or 
 grown dcfpcrate through misfortunes, withdrew them- 
 felvcs from the company of all other men into the 
 woods and forefts, \vhere the Sovah flicw them what 
 herbs and roots arc to be ufed in their inchantmcnts, 
 as alfo the gcftures, words, and grimace?, proper for 
 thofe wicked prndices. Thefe men, when takcri, 
 are put to death. The blacks will feldom travel 
 through the woods without company, for fear of meet- 
 ing them, as well as the wild beat's ; and carry with 
 them a certain compofition, which, they fancy, prc- 
 ferves them againft the malicious Sovaht of whom 
 they tell a thoufand unintcrefting ridiculous fto- 
 rics. 
 
 6 FC When 
 
 ii 
 
4'5S 
 
 VOYAGES TO tflE 
 
 f*:»6. 
 
 ^Vlicii .1 prrfoii is furpcfltd to liavc ilicil a violent 
 dfiith, the culluiii is not to woOi the corplc, till a 
 ftriiit enquiry l>c nnulc. To this ctt'ciSt, they wrap 
 u;) Ibnii; piccts (il llie ili-ad ptrlbii's garments, with 
 the p.iriiii;s of his nails, anil clippini;s of his hair) 
 on thfle th'"y blow the (cr.ipings olcam-wood, falK-n- 
 iii,; tlic hiinjle to the prlUc, whitli two blacks i.irry 
 aH.iut thi- ]ilaic, Thcll- are preceJed by the prielK, 
 w!io beat with two hatehcis one againlf the other, 
 and ;ilk the coriile, where, when, and by whom, he 
 was thus deprived of his life i aiul whether Canow, 
 their deity, has token him into hi. proleilinn ; wlien 
 the ("pirit by movini; the heads of ilic hearers of the 
 corplc, after a certain nianiur, as they pretend, give 
 them to uiuleilfaiul, that the Sovah Munulin was the 
 caulc of it, they afk him again, whether the Corccrcr 
 is male or female, and where he lives ? This the 
 f'piiit alfo declares, in the fainc manner ; and leading 
 them to the place where the forccrer abides, they feize 
 and put him in chains, to be (.xamined on the charge 
 laid ajainll him hy the fpirit. If he pcrlills to deny 
 it, hi is compelled to take the kquoni, a horrid 
 bitter drink ; and if, after drinking three full cala- 
 balhes, he vomits it up, he is abfolved ; whereas, if 
 it only fi\'.ms out about his month, he is immediately 
 pin todcith; his corpfe is then burnt on the fpot, 
 and the afhes are rhrown into the river, or the lea, 
 be he ever fo great .i man. This drink is compofed of 
 the bark of a certain tree, beaten in a wooden mortar, 
 and in'' iftd in water. It is is a very fl<arp, dange- 
 rous I iij nor, and commonly adminiftered to the priloncr 
 in the morning, in cafe of fufpicion of a high crime. 
 All thcfenations cireunicil'e their children at theage 
 of llx months, ;>s a divine inllitutlon pra>^ifcd timeout 
 of mind, ^etl'ome mothers, through fondncfs.deferthe 
 operation till they arc three yeais old, that they may 
 b.aritwith greater cafe and I'afety. They heal the 
 wound with tiic juice of certain herbs. 
 
 Having iTicntioned Rio Seftos, we fliall give the 
 reader a defeiiptlon of that river and the adjacent 
 con III ry. 
 
 'I'lie entrance of this river from the fca is fuU of 
 rock:, which lie fix feet i; „ ■• water, fo that i't is 
 ealy to ])afs them with loadv ' boats j except two, 
 which appear above water, and are to be avoided. 
 The mouth of the river lies fouth-eait, and north-wctt, 
 iibout a league broad, with large trees on each fide. 
 The water is foul : there arc fome rocks under water, 
 and fome above. 'I'licre is, however, in"nhe pafs or 
 channel on the fouth fide three fathoms water, and 
 often fix or fevcn, which is fufficicnt for fmall vefrclr, 
 bciats may enter the river without any hazard. 
 
 'I he going in is between the point on the ftarboard 
 oread (hoir, and the rock in the middle of the river. 
 The entrance is about half a cable's length wide, and 
 the depth thirty- fcvcn and thirty-eight fathoms. 
 When it is entered, it will be found a very fine river, 
 where vtll'ils of an hundred tons may ridefafc. About 
 a gun-(hot from the aforefaid point, upon the fame 
 (hore clofc to the fide of the river, is a well of good 
 freflj water, where, for a few cawris, (thcfhells com- 
 iiionlv called black moor's teeth) tie negro women 
 biought tlum water, and filled their cafks in the boat. 
 The negro men being furniihed with hatchets, will, 
 for a fmall quantity of the afoufaid flicIU, < it fire 
 wr.od enough, and bring it to the boats, but they 
 niufl have a bottle of brandy now and then to encou- 
 rage them i fo that for expedition, this is the bcft 
 place to wood and «ater at. 
 
 The fource of this river is far within land on the 
 north- north- cart, fome fay, it is navigable for barks 
 for twenty leagues up. Higher it is full of fands and 
 rocks, which allow no pafTage but forcannef. 
 
 It is deferibcd as a fine pleafant river. The banks 
 on eaili lide arc thick fct with trees. Several rivulets 
 «ir fni.dl fprings difchargc thcmfelvcs into it; and 
 what add-, to its beauty, is a multitude of villa^res 
 aloii'^ the fides. 
 
 Tiio C'uiiitiy about ?eftos is vcrv fertile, well fur- 
 nidicd with potiliry, rice, and niiiutj «f thi« tliey 
 
 make all their bread, whiili tlicytnrrv In their canci-« 
 when they go a filhing. Here is good advani.iiie it 
 be made of rice, pepper, oi ivory, which lart i.> 
 excellent. 
 
 The land here is low, IcvlI, and watered wiili 
 many rivqrs ; fo that it is no wonder the foil is li^li 
 and fertile i and produces all vigit.ddes in abuiulanei ; 
 but the climate is unhealthy t.i lli..iii;er>, wl..^ are 
 expofnl here to long and dangerous dilkmpcrs. lie- 
 fides provifions, which arc cheap, tlic place yielili 
 ivory, flaves, gold-dult, and above all, Guihca- 
 pepper, which is the proiluceof the country. 
 
 They find in this river a kind of flints, like thofe 
 of Meiloc in France J but harder, clearer, and of » 
 better luHre. They cut eafier than a diamond, and, 
 with a good foil, make a great (hew. 
 
 About a cable's length from the mouth of the river, 
 is a necro town, of about thirty or forty houlirs, 
 neatly built, and fo high, that fome of them appear 
 three miles oil' at fea. Thefc houfes have more 
 rtories than thofe of Menfurado. 
 
 The town is large, and built after a different 
 model from thofe on the (J rain Coafl. They run 
 up the houfes (fqii arc or round) four feet from the 
 earth. At that hcighth is the firft and chief room, to 
 fit, talk, or fleep in, lined with matted rinds of trees, 
 fupported with fiockadcs, and in the middle of it a 
 fire-place for charcoal. This fervcs a double pur- 
 pofc, driving off inlt:iflj and vermin, and drying 
 their rice and Indian corn. Of the upper loft they 
 make a Uore-houfe, that runs up pyramidal thirty 
 feet; making the town at a dilhnce, appear like* 
 number of fpires, each (landing fingly. 
 
 About a league up a rivulet near the mouth of the 
 Seftos, is the king's village. It contains about 
 thirty little houfes, built of clay, and inclofd with 
 a mud wall, about five feet high. It Hands on a rifiuij 
 ground, juft at the mouth of a little river, and the 
 country round about it full of either banana, or palm- 
 trees. Every houfe has an upper floor, and Ibme two, 
 neatly whiicned within, twelve or fifteen Inches above 
 the ground, where the wall appears black, or rei', 
 round about it; but the flories are h low, that pi-o- 
 ple mull fit or lie down. The floors inftead of boards 
 are made of round flicks, or boughs of palm-trcts 
 fattened clofe together, which renders it very incon- 
 venient to walk on. The roof is compofed of the 
 fime materials, fet clofe alfo, and covered with large 
 banana and palm-tice leaves. 
 
 In the council houfe, built in the fame manner, 
 there is a piece of fijuaie timber, about three feet long, 
 on which was carved in halt-relieve, the figure of a 
 woman, and a child by her, but very indiflerentiv 
 done, and two fquare holes cut-in pretty deep at 
 each end of the timber, probably, to hold meat and 
 drjnk for the ufe of the fetifli ; that being the place 
 where they adminiftcr an oath, or fwtar to the per- 
 formance of con t rafts or agreements. 
 
 The king refides condantly at this village, which 
 wholly confifts of thirty of his wives, anJ their 
 children, noneelfe living tncrc. The king's fons, or 
 his fons-in-iaw, wear a long ozicr cap, like their 
 father; which is th« only 'h^ng that diftinguiflie* 
 them from the common fon, and peculiar to tholi; 
 only of the royal blood : but in all other things they 
 toil and work like flaves, when occafion requires it. 
 
 The king of this place is very abfolutc, but feldom 
 punifhes criminals with death, it being niuic tohis ad- 
 vantage to fell them for flaves. 
 
 The people here are very civil, and for a glafs cf 
 brandy, will do you all the good offices in their power. 
 They are tall, well-made, and ftrong, and havo i 
 martial air ; couragious, and often make incurfioiu 
 on their neighbours, to take flaves to fell. This 
 hinders the negro merchants from trading here; and 
 deprives them of the advantage their neighbours Hiare 
 in the commerce for gold. 
 
 Moft of thefe Seftos negros are fifhermen. Every 
 morning there fails out of the river a fmall fleet of 
 canoes, which difperfe thcmfelyes along the coi^l. 
 
 Thry 
 
I7?.fi J 
 
 C 6 A S T S A N D I S L A N J) S OF AFRICA. 
 
 40» 
 
 They fifh with » line, and generally return home 
 loailcn. The king has a certain duty ol Co much out 
 of what they catch. 
 
 Thefe peo|>le never cover their hra,!», bcarini; 
 without any inconvenience the heavieft rain, nr moll 
 violent heatj. I he nun and women here go ihc nuill 
 naked of any on the coalt, having at bell on!)' .t flight 
 rag tied about their middle. 'I'liev breed abund-mce 
 of cattle, and poultry of all kinds ; not fo much fur 
 their own ufe (for they live chiefly on in(h, pulfc, 
 and fruits, which arc excellent) as to fell to Ihips 
 that frequent the coaU. 
 
 The manner of falutation is the fame alon,:; the 
 coaft. 'I'hcy take the perfon's finger and thumb into 
 their hands, and putting them into a certain pofture, 
 pull them hard and make them fnap, crying when 
 they have done, aquio ; which is equivalent to, your 
 fervant with us. 
 
 Their marriages arc not very ccrcmoniouK. Thofe 
 who arc able to buy a wife, after agreeing with the 
 woman, apply to the p,ircnts or rcl.ilions, who hngL<;le 
 about the bargain. Th« price agreed on bjing paid, the 
 wife is delivered. The liufband, after drinking fome 
 bottles of brandy with his new rehilions, conduiih his 
 new fpoufe to the hut dcfigned for her : where his 
 other wives come to fee her, and help her to drefs the 
 ■wedding fupper. This being over, the hulband ftays 
 allnight with the bride i^ who next morning goes to 
 work with the rett of the women, according to the 
 feafnn. 
 
 The wife who brings the firft boy, is regarded as 
 the favourite and chief, but ftie buys this dear enough j 
 for (he is obliged to follow her hu(band, and is buried 
 alive in the fame grave. 
 
 A French author who was witncfs of this ceremony, 
 gives us the following account of it. " The captain 
 or chief of the village, dying of a hard drinking 
 bout of brandy, the cries of his wives foon fpread the 
 news through the town. All the women there ran 
 and howled like furies, I'he favourite wife diftin- 
 guifhed herfelf by her grief, and not without caufc. 
 However, as feveral women in the fame cafe have pru- 
 dently thought fit to make their efcapc, the relt of the 
 ■women under pretence of comforting her, took care to 
 watch her fo clofely, that there was no means of efcap- 
 ing the blow. The relations of the dcceafcd all came 
 to pay her their compliments, and take their farewell. 
 After the marbut had examined the body, and declared 
 he died a natural death, he, with his brethren, took 
 the corpfe, waffled, dried, and then rubbed it with 
 fat from head to foot. After this they ftretched it on 
 a mat in the middle of the houfc. tlis wives were 
 placed round it, and his favourite at the head, as th« 
 poll of honour. Several other women made a circle 
 round them. All theic endeavoured to out roar one 
 another, tearing their hair and fcratching thcmfelves 
 methodically, like people who knew perftiflly the part 
 they aftcd. Sometimes they left off and kept filent ; 
 at others they repeated the praifcs and great a<flions of 
 the deceafcd, and then began their lamentai'uns anew. 
 This mock mufic laftcd near two hours, ivhcn four 
 lufty negros entering the houfe, took the dt-ad body 
 and tied it on a hand-barrow, made of branches of 
 trees; ii>.*n lifting it on their fhoulders, they carried 
 it through the town, running as faft as they could, 
 and realing from time to time as if they had been 
 drunk, with a thoufand ridiculous gtftures, very 
 fuitable to the exclamations of the wives of the de- 
 ceafcd, and the other women who attended this 
 whimfical proceflion. The cavalcade over, the body 
 was taken from the hand-barrow, and dcpofited in Its 
 place. After which, the fongs, the cries, and ex- 
 travagancies of the women began again. 
 
 " During this, the marbut made a grave deep and 
 larg enough to bury two bodies. He alfo dripped 
 and Ikinned a goat. The pluck fervcd to make a 
 r.igou, of which he and his atfiftants ate. He alfo 
 caufed the favourite wife to eat fome ; who had no 
 ereat inclination to taffe it, knowing it was to be her 
 fall. She ate fome however, and during this repaft. 
 
 ilie body of till- go:\t was diviJcil into fnull pirci?, 
 broiled, aiidcii.-ii. The l;iiiicntalions b(.ij.iii :i;^atii • 
 ind wlicii tlv: nKiilmt tiuiii|.'ht it was tiinr: In fi.il ilu- 
 cerenioiiy, he took ilic f.ivoutiie wife hv the ainn, i.!id 
 delivered hi r to tuo lufly iK;.Mi.-i. Tri''.c fei/iiv lit i' 
 roughly, tied her hands .iiid fcit I iliiiul lui, an I lav - 
 iiig lier on her biiek, pliued a imcr nl wc(.i! on !;( r 
 bnult, then liolding each other v\ itii their hands in 
 their IhculJerp, thiy Kanipe,! wiili thiirlect on tlio 
 piece of woud, till they h.^.d biokiii the wonian'i 
 bleart. H.iving thus at leali, h;ill ilU'jiiiielu J, her, 
 they threw her into the !;rave with the r>Mi.iiiuler of 
 the go.if, c.iltiii;; her hiilbands body over hi r, iiiid 
 filling up the g:a\e with i;.itl> aid Hone-. Inuiudi- 
 ately the cries ccafmg, a quick fikiue fiiccteiieil llic 
 nolle, and every one retired home, as if iiothiiij^ h.'.d 
 happened." 
 
 The Ijn^uagcof the S(ftos negros is the muil lii.- 
 ficult on the coalt; fo that trade here is cairicJ on 
 much by figns, in wiiich they excel. They preleivc 
 many French woids, wliieli li.ivc been haiideil d..wn 
 to them by their nneelloi«, who le.uiied Ironi tho 
 French the art of tempering (teel, wliicli they yet le- 
 tain, and in which they have even ni;ide great im- 
 provements. 
 
 The French being expelled from all their fettlcments 
 on this coaft by the I'ortugucfe, tyrannizing over the 
 natives ; and the profits of their trade exciting tli? 
 jcaloufy of the Engliflj and Hutch, their power begr.n 
 to dcclinej fo that by degrees they loft moft of their 
 pod'eflions and foTts, and v.eic forced to retire up the 
 country, where, tomaintain themfelves they married 
 with the ncgros, from whence arc fprun;; the I'orlu* 
 gucfe mulaito-'s and blacks, to be found along the 
 coalt. 'I"he Furopean Poituguefc, out of policy and 
 aft'eiflion, acknowledge them in general for their coun- 
 trymen. 
 
 Thefe African Portuguefe, by means of their alli- 
 ance with the natives, trade freely every where. They 
 have penetrated even to the Niger, by the north of 
 the kingdoms of Gago and Benin. Thofe fettled on 
 the river Sierra Lcona, Junes, Seftos, and Sanguin, 
 trade frequently to the Gambra, as well ?s to thu 
 Cafamanfa, Rio S. Domingo, and Rio Grande. One 
 of their traders, who lived loo leagues up the river 
 Sierra Leona, went almoft every year to trade with the 
 Mandingos on the N iger, hcyond a confiderable branch 
 of it, which he believed to be the Gambra. It is 
 certain, that thefe advantages, joined to the regard 
 the natives have for them, would enable them to carry 
 on an extenfivc and rich trade, if they had European 
 goods more regular, and dealt for theinl'elves inltead 
 of other nations. 
 
 The country abounds in rice, which yields fuch a 
 prodigious increafe, that a large ftiip may tic loon 
 loaded, at the rate of about an half-iienny a pound, 
 but it is not fo large, white, or fweet asth.it of Milan, 
 or Verona. The better fort of people drive a coii- 
 ftant trade in this commodity, Guinea pepper, and 
 elephants teeth, though theialt they have but in Imall 
 quantities. 
 
 Befides ivory, Guinea pepper, and rice, aremaife, 
 poultry and cattle, all very cheap here. Thcdogs heie, 
 as in other parts of Guinea, ?re eaten by the blacks 
 as good meat. There are hut few l\vinr, and thu 
 fhccp differ much from thole in Europe ; they arc not 
 fo large, and have no wo 1, but hair like goats, with 
 a fort of mane like a lion's, both on the neck and 
 rump, alfo a briifti at the end of the tail. They arc 
 very indiiFerent meat, but fell there for a b.ir of iron 
 each. 
 
 Thefe blacks arc circumcifed, but can give no other 
 reafon for it, thun that it is an ancient cuftom, tranf- 
 mitted to them by their ancefters. 
 
 The Malaghctta, or Pepper Coaft, extends from 
 Rio Seftro to Growa, a little beyond C'iipc das Piiltna«, 
 about 55 leagues, being gencra'lj-low flat land, and 
 the foil clammy, fat, all over wooeiy, and watered 
 by feveral rivers and l)rooks, at the mouth of which 
 lie villages cf the fame name. 
 
 From 
 
 
\ 
 
 li 
 
 
 Mil 
 
 • I- 
 : i i 
 
 4ti 
 
 VOYAGES TO THE 
 
 tfntf 
 
 Froi* Rio Scftos M I,it!lc Scfto«, (or Scftro) an 
 f iiir Icajueii fouth-cult. Hrlcnc thl< {<l.icv tlucc U a 
 nMUiuamoui long rock, uii which j;row« a high ti<c, 
 wlili live other rocks lo the luuthward, uiiij une to tUt- 
 norlh«artl. 
 
 The blacks here arc generally fiflirrmen, and there 
 is liltL- or 110 trade. About tvv-o li;ai;ucs laithcj c<ill, 
 i< chu point called lUxins Swino, running out into 
 the iVa, and near it a k;re.tt r«*k, wiiite at lop, cliifvs 
 •o the land, which, .it a dillinrr, wi'(hv.ird at fin, 
 looks like a fail, ealily fceii Iroin Scltus load, in clear 
 Wfiilhcr. 
 
 A little below this rock, is the villaiic Sanguin, at 
 the mouth of the river of that name, which (.iim into 
 the lea at fouth fnuth-eal), and miII carry fniall fliips 
 twelve leagues up, though its entrance is very narrow, 
 the banks being mailed with fine tall trees. The vil- 
 lage contains about too ht^ufc?. 
 
 The Englifll had formerly a fettlement h«re, but 
 abandoned it on account of the ill temper of the 
 blacks. The king is tributary to the kiii^ of Rio 
 Scllos. He commonly wears a blue Moorilh frock, 
 and goes often on boaail the fliipi in the roaJ. for- 
 merly the Dutch and Portugucfe carried on a great 
 trade here for elephants teeth and pepper, but of late, 
 through the great refor' of fliips, the natives have fo 
 extravagantly advaiiccu (he price, that there is little 
 tu be Uoiie worth while, whieh indeed is the cale 
 throughout all the coaft of Ciuinca. In cafe of ne- 
 crflity, Sangwin is a convenient place for wood or 
 water, and provifioiis. 
 
 About a league and and an iialf eaft of Sanguin, 
 is the village of Baft'a, where there is fome" littli 
 trade for elephants teeth, but much more for pepper. 
 'I'lii- place is ealily known by a plain fandy point, 
 i-nviruned with rocks. Sunic of the blackk here, 
 ipciik a little l^lrtll^llel'e, or Liiij^iia Kr.inca. 
 
 Seicrna, or Sern., Is about two leagues eaft of 
 Batl'i, h.iving loiiie locks out at fea on the raO point, 
 and a good trad,- lor ivory and pepper. Not far oft' 
 to the f.iff, ill the village Tallc, or Dalle. Next 
 follows IViitowa, a town lltuated on the (horc, tal'ily 
 known by two great locks, one appc.iriii" out at fta 
 about two En^^lilh miles well of it, by the Portugueic 
 called Cabo do Sino j the other loui miles e^ft of the 
 town. It is dillinguilhed likewife by feverul high 
 hills beyond it. Here is abundance of malnghetta, 
 cr pepper, which the blacks exchange for blue pcr- 
 petuanas, pewter bafons, iron bars, and anna- 
 baiTefs. 
 
 They ufuallycome on board to traffic, but ought 
 to be well looked to j for they are dextrous thieves, 
 and will never pay tor what they buy, if the can any 
 way avoid it. 
 
 The village Sine lies fouth-eaft from Bottowa, 
 kbout a league and a half diftant, and dillinguifhed 
 by a great rock on a fand point, running out a little 
 to fea, behind which is a fine lurge river, rifin'^ far 
 within land, as the black report, and not much in- 
 ferior to that of Scftos. 
 
 The village of Souweraboe, or Sabrebou, is a 
 league from Sino to the fouth-eaft. That of Scftro 
 Carow five leagues from Sabrebou, is a large, beauti- 
 ful village. '1 he place is eafily known by a head or 
 cape of three black hills together, planted with trees, 
 which at fome dillance at fea, look like mafts of 
 ihips. Ihecape or point is encompafled with rocks, 
 fome of which run a little out to fea: it is likewife 
 known by two great rocks on the fliorc, about two 
 Engli(h miles afuiuler, the land bring low and flat. 
 Here is good watering, in cafe of neceflity, in the 
 bulging of the fhore, which (Lows at a dillance like a 
 little bay. 
 
 The village Wappow, or Wapp, is five leagues 
 from Seftro Carow, is fiiuated on a little river. It is 
 known by a ridge of about twenty or more high llrag- 
 
 fling trees, which appear on aflat, long, high ground, 
 cyond the fliore, with five palm-trees at the end 
 thereof. It is remarkable alfo for a very flat illand or 
 rock -pear the coad, if not jciiiin^ tu it, i.ivironcd 
 with other fuiall onci. 
 
 At the village within tlir ti.er, a, \^,!', at at Qo' 
 towa and Stllio Carow, the«leph,iiil» teeth are cmu- 
 nionly large. The cimntiy aluunds in iiiala^hetta, 
 which they cuniinuiilv tuny on board f}ii|'s in tir* 
 road, in great large bull-iulh balkvts, iiiaile in ih': 
 form of fugar-loavcs. 
 
 iJrue (Drue, or Dnw) and Neli'.i, two other 
 villages, arc between \V.ip|ii> and (ji.pd Sillio^ 
 they produce abiiiidaiiee m pepper. 1 lie black* 
 about Wappo and parts adj,.ceiii, are more ira^tabla 
 and better conditioned than iliule taiiiicr welt ) but 
 importunate ciumgh in begging their dallii, or prcl'cnt, 
 hetore they deal. Their language can Icarce bt 
 underftond. 
 
 The fea afftinU great variety of filh, much th« 
 lame with thufe on the Gold Cuatt. 
 
 The (horc from Wappo to Cirand Seilio, or S.liro 
 Paris, ftretches fouth-eall-hy liiulh. '1 his lalt is it 
 Urge village on the Kio das I'.faavos, The tide at 
 low ebb carries along the (hore, and at lea on the 
 return of flood. 
 
 Grand Scflos (or Scflro) is about two Ii agues anil 
 an half to the fouth-eall of Dioc. It is oalily fuui.d 
 out by a rock to the north-Weft, and by a cut in the 
 coaft, over which are three pa I in -tries up the land. 
 The Dutch call It Balleiies-liccek, fioin the name of 
 a black who formerly lived there. To this town tite 
 French of Duppe, formerly gave the n.iii c ol StIIro 
 Paris, becaufe of its grcatncls i being one of the 
 largeft and moft popuh us in all (iiiiiua. 'I'liey hati 
 a lettlemeiit here for ti.iding in Ciuinca pipper ani) 
 iviiry, (which are both very pUiily) li.iigbeliire ih.- 
 Kail India pepper was known in Europe, liut t)i>: 
 Poriui;ueli; h.iving conquered Princes illard in tt.f 
 Uight, over-run all the Ciuinra Coafts, titiliiig fac- 
 tories and driving out the French. This place is 
 called (irtat Paris i and Petit Siftio, a few leajucs 
 farther, Little Pans. The natives here ftiU prelerve 
 their antient aftcAion to the French. 
 
 It is three leagues and a half from Grand Sellro to 
 the village (joyaiie, or (foyava j four from hence to 
 Goawai, and two more to Cape dcs Palaias. This 
 cape had its name from the palm-trees to be feeti 
 from moft places, ifpccially r';ar the fhorc, and 
 from the two hills that form the .rci which ftand* 
 exactly in four degrees fifty ntuiutei of north- 
 latitude. 
 
 Behind the cape is a tiulging in the co.ift, which it 
 a good fticlter for ftiips againft the fouthcrly winds ; 
 about a league from it, is a great reck jutt by the 
 fliore i and from the point runs a ridge of fhotls, 
 or fniall rocks, even with the water, a league into the 
 fea at fouth-louth-eaft, where ftii|is in former time* 
 have b-^en eaft away. There is likewife another bank 
 two leagues farther out to fea, about which, the tide 
 runs very fwift at eaft, in nine or ten fathoms water. 
 
 Two leagues eaft from the cape Hands Goawa, 
 where the pepper coaft ends. — It is observed that the 
 vapours arifiiig from the many livers and brooks 
 along the coaft, caufes malignant fevers, dangerous 
 to Europeans. This bid air is moft pernicious about 
 Cape P.^lmas, being fonietimes felt tour leagues oIF 
 at lea ; for, when the weather is fogjj;y, it carries a 
 perfeift ftiiik with it. 
 
 The country in general h-is plenty of peas, beans, 
 pompions, lemons, orangey, bacchos, bananas, and 
 a fort of nuts, the fliells very thick, and all of a 
 round piece, without any peel within, like European 
 nuts, which eat very lul'cious and fweet. Great 
 numbers of cattle, goats, hogs, chickens anl many 
 other forts of fowls are tound here. 'Fheir palm wiiu; 
 is excellent, as is likewife the dates, which they arc 
 very fond of. But the principal commodity on ihU 
 coaft, as has been faid, is the malaghetca, ut Guinc.l 
 pepper, it being very plentiful and cheap. 
 
 The plant which bears the Ciuinca pepper, accord- 
 ing to the goodiiefs of the foil, requires ftrengtli 
 enough to fupport itfelf, and become a fin.i!l tree, or 
 ftandard, fuinttimcs for want of this, it is a creeping 
 iliiub, unlcfs it be propcd up, or can faftcn to inv 
 5 tree 
 
 i^ 
 
f 
 
 •7»7-] 
 
 COASTS AND ISLANDS OF A 1 I L A> 
 
 4'>3 
 
 i. 
 
 tree ro full 41 II it, in which cafe, like ivy, it covets 
 the whiile ImJy. When it criTpj aloii;; the ground, 
 the I'l'i'ils, tliuiit^h liir^e, are not f'u gund ; tur the 
 hi|{hrr ill hrunchii arc expol'eil to the air, the drier 
 «nd lni«llcr the fruit t but then it is hot and (harp to 
 the tadc, and hai all the true quulilit'9 of pcpjicr, 
 I'hc leaf ol the nuleghelta is twice as long at it i» 
 bruad, anil Hitiruw at (hu end. It i< I'olt, and of a 
 lively green in the rainy Icafon i but, when that i* 
 over. It withers, anil lofct its colour. When you 
 bruifc them in your fingers, they yield an aronulic 
 t'mell like cloves, and the extremity of it* hraiichc« 
 have the fame cftcdl. There idues from the under 
 part of the UMves, fm.!!!, curled tiliments, by whiih 
 they take hold of the tree, or prop. No goixl de- 
 fcriplion can be given of ilie flower, as il appears at 
 k time when there is no trade on the coall. Jt is cer- 
 tain, however, that the plant dues flower, and that 
 the Augers are rucci'1'di.il by the fruits, in thcfliapeof 
 angular figs, of dill'crent lizcs, according to the foil 
 or expofitiun. 'I'hc outlide conniis of a thin (Icin, 
 which dries, and berotnes very brittle. It is ufually 
 of a dark, rcddifb brown : the negro* fay it is poif- 
 onous. 
 
 The feeds in this fkin are placed clofe together in 
 order, divided only by a thin pellicle, whicli turns to 
 fmall tnreads of a Iharp, biting talict foincwhat like 
 ginger. 
 
 'I'liis grain itof thence of hemp-feed, the fuper- 
 fices almoin round, but angular, of a reddifh colour 
 before it it rijii, deeper when it comes to maturity, 
 and black after it has been wet, in whicli condition 
 they pack it up. This moillening of it produces u 
 fermentation, and greatly JiminiDies its viiiiios: its 
 tafte fliould be biting and Iharp, like th.it of India 
 pepper, in order to make it f.ll well. 
 
 'I'hc rind ui huHc of the berry is thin, lirft green, 
 and when dry, of a fine fcarlet, about the fi/.e of a 
 fig, and loft, as not being filled with any pulp, but 
 within it is the maleghetta, growing in four or five 
 roKs, and coveied with a white film, which alio fe- 
 parates each grain or feed. 
 
 Before they ripen they are red, and of a grateful 
 taffe. I'he bell arc the chefliut colour, large, pon- 
 derous, and very finooth i the black are the fmalled. 
 They take their colour as they lie on board their ftiip, 
 being put up green. The feed is neither I'o large nor 
 round as the Indian pepper, but has feveral angles. 
 The llalksof it tafte fomewhat like cloves. There is 
 another fort of maleghetta, growing like Lirgc leaved 
 grafs. That which is bought from the middle of No- 
 vember till March, i> certainly a year old; for the 
 new begins to bud in January. 
 
 They gather the fiuit whenever the leaves begin to 
 blacken at the end. I'his they dry, and fell through 
 the country in exchange for goods, by which they 
 make large profit. The feeds have been long ul'ed in 
 France, and other parts of Europe, inllcad uf pep- 
 per, crpccially when the latter is fcarce and dear, 
 ^'he retailers alfo adulterate the India pcpptr excecd- 
 ingUr. 
 
 The maleghetta on the river Seftos, grows on a fort 
 of flirub, and is the largell of all t'.us part on the 
 Pepper Coaft. The bulhel are To clofe together, that 
 in fome placet at Seftos, they look at a diftance like 
 thickets, or fmall coppices. There grows all'o a f'ruir 
 on fhrubt, which, in tadc and figure, refembles 
 cardamums. At Benin, and In land, there is pepper 
 like that of the Hall Indies. 
 
 The laft fort of pepper, called here Pimento, and 
 in P^urope, Spanifh pepper, grows here in abundance, 
 on flirubs almoft of the fame fizc, though fomewhat 
 lower than the goofbcrry bufhes in Holland. There 
 are two forts, great and I'mall, both at (irll green, and 
 change, the I'mall to fine led, the large to a red and 
 black. This fruit is much hotter than common black 
 pepper, cfpecially the finaller fort, which is not above 
 a quarter as big as the other, but the trees grow fix 
 timet as high, and fpread conlidcrably wider than the 
 ether. 
 
 Vot. I. No. 41. 
 
 The Dutch ul'ed form' ty lurxpnil «{ ti|uantiiy 
 of ityeaily, loading HI It- (hip. ) but > i>utv kin 
 (ought after. But this In 'of p< pper bei { novv lit- 
 tle iilcil in K.iiropc, the lia>.c I'f it is ifK.i.ifiderabie, 
 molt of ihur (hips that ply on this ninfl, look i hictTv 
 for elephants tccih, of which the Lnglilh and Dut>h 
 got the l.iri;rft lh.ite. 
 
 Bct'ore the comini; of the Portupucl'r, themrrchanti 
 of Barbary Came hither iiulte .uiols the continent, to 
 letch this pepper, and that from Barbary lonie qiian 
 tily was tr.'infported into Italy, where it was culled 
 Cirain of Haradife. 
 
 On the I'l pper Coaft the natives are very intempe- 
 rate, anil I jxuriouk to cxccfs, always talkin^of their 
 indelicai'.' amours. They arc much given to piltir- 
 ing, and, when on board flrp-, (teal tatabhs or goods, 
 nay even ruliy knives, brnken nails, and in Ihorr, 
 tvery thing th.it come in their way. They arc intoUr- 
 rable in begging tor a preterit. 
 
 The language of the blacks of this coaft rannot be 
 underltood at all, trade bcin;; c.irried on byligns.iid 
 geftures. They are generally well lha|'edj and iic 
 very ftrong and laborious. When they happc n to meet 
 from dift'erent places on board a (hip, th-y take oiu- 
 another by the arm<, near the (houl.lers, laying, 
 Toma, and letting the li.inds fall to the elbow <, 
 Towa : then take one .inotheri finder*, a. thofe of 
 Seftos, and prefs them, uttering the words Kn- 
 fanemate, Knfanemate i in fignihcation. My friend, 
 how do you do ? 
 
 They have pretty good black-lmithi *ho know 
 how to harden and temper we.ipon^, knives, in\ 
 Others make canoes large and I'mall, very neatly. 
 They arc al(r> good hufblndnicn to improve their 
 lands for rici', millet, and maltghettn, wliieli is their 
 chief (lependaiice for food and tr:ule. 
 
 Their laba, or taba-feyle, and by olher«, tabo-feyle, 
 that is, ihiir kings, are very arbitrary, and eS'edt mucli 
 (late when they go abroad, having an abfolute autho- 
 rity over their people, who pay them great fubmif- 
 lion. '/'hey are grol's pagans, praying to their Grigrij 
 or images, and to dead men, to grant them a peaceful 
 and holy life in this world: they lalute the moon witft 
 plays, fongs and dances, and great admirers of what 
 they fuppofe to be forcery. 
 
 'I'he Gold Coaft, of which our author treats, was 
 difcovered by the Portuguefe, though the French have 
 difputed their pretenfions, afTcrting, that this dif- 
 covery was made by fome adventurers of Dieppe in 
 Normandy. However, it is certain, that the French 
 traded to the Coaft of Guinea at an early period. In 
 the time of Prince Henry of Portugal, a ihip was 
 fitted out at Lifbon to make difcoveries along the Af- 
 rican coalt, which veftel was driven to an ifland in the 
 Bite of Guinea, on St. I'homas's day, to which 
 ifland they accordingly gave the name of that Saint. 
 Here finding plenty of neceft'aries, they ftaid to refit, 
 ant! formed the firft Portuguefe colony. 
 
 7'hefe adventurers returned to Lifbon in the year 
 1455. King John the fecondj to f ecu re the trade of 
 his I'uhjcdts, lent thither ten caravel in ibSl, laden 
 with all forts of materials for building a fort, and 
 loomafons, under James de Azambuja. This com- 
 mander, upon his arrival, lent advice to Cal'amanfa, 
 lord of the countrv, with whom he had before con- 
 clueled a treaty of commerce, defiring him to coir e 
 and ratify it. In the mean time he landed his men 
 privately armed; he took poft'efTion of a little hill, 
 where there were about 5C0 houfes, not far from Ca- 
 famant'a's refidence, asa fit place to build the intended 
 fort. Here he fet up a ftandard with the arms of Por- 
 tugal, on the feaft of St. Scbaftian, whofc name was 
 given to a valley where the Portuguefe landed. Af- 
 terwards Azambuja being informed of Cafamanfa's 
 approach, rangedhis men in order, and fat down in 
 an elbow chair. He had on a gold brocade waiflcoat, 
 and a gold collar fet with jewels. All his followers 
 were clad in filk, making a lane before him, that the 
 black prirKe might admire his grandeur. Cafamanfa 
 on his part was not wanting to (hew his Aate, which 
 6 L appeared 
 
 I 
 
 1 
 
* 
 
 494 
 
 V O Y A C! F. S TO T It t 
 
 f«7>f. 
 
 appraiiJ by .1 grcM niinibor of utiiicil hl.irk«, uiili :i 
 nii(:lit) noili (i| (rulll|lr(^, luirii!i, in.kliii^ lull*, ..lul 
 olhiT iiinruirriit», jll tn^itlicr inukui^* :i liiilcoui noilr. 
 The prilici|i,il hbikt wire JirlUil .ilirr ihcir own 
 niJiiiur wlaii (luy y." ><i war, mid Icillouitl niIi ut 
 lluiii l>y two ji.i^o, onciaityiiti; .1 bucklir, ;iiiii tin 
 (jtlicr .1 littU- iiiiiiiil llool, Oicir hcritit atluriitil with 
 gold ut'ttr llii'ir t.i(1ii<i|i. 
 
 Af.cr lilt (iifi nuiioniis nnil f 'iilf«, A/amb..'' 
 rra.k ,\ \i.h\^ I|icccIi, (iniiilyiiij; ti.' i,iejt aH-Ciini 
 whiili ilii' kiiij; hi mallir h.id lui (...'Imr ,:'i, .11 I 
 lii'hiiu; IiIhiiv 10 biiilj j I'lrt li<r cjtiviii^: uii triJ" 
 with his lubji'ih, and RiiJ-iing him urribic lu lii> 
 jifiihli 'um. 
 
 Carain.iiiii, nhowatam.iii of ircvij f.nfc, mnJc 
 fcvcial ohjctl'oiis to till' (irnpolal it build, 11^ a lift, 
 but WM'^ at l.>.l I , 'va.!id on I'l i.<jiiiL'iit to it. Next 
 cl.iy, A/.aiiibiija lithi» nu 1 t>i work, :inil the m.ilon*! 
 brcakiii;; fume iiuL- i.ri ill. lea fid' , thcblak*, whc- 
 thi-i out of fupe ll, lions veiv'iation lor iliofc io>.kH, or 
 tliat t!uy could r.oi a; piuvi of citdiii); a fori 111 their 
 couiury, bij. 11 to in w their rtfrntiiunt. 'i'hn 
 Aziii biijapc.-iciv iig, caufcil coiiliilcr;iblf prffenu to 
 bcdiltribiitcd aintiiiK iluin. Ii> ing by tliis niraix ap- 
 jitadd, tl' ■ P •, lU'^'atl; latriio oil tiuir work with 
 futhJii' r.ci', iliat tlic .'oft wa^ pu: in a puiturc of 
 ticti'ii .1 lil> man twenty day«, aiui ih' tower ralle.l 
 to the nMf lb ry ; thcmateii.iU bri)Ui;lu bv A/.inibuja 
 bLiiii; fo HticJ, that ihifc was nothing to do but put 
 them tii;etln.r. Soon after this he fent home his ta- 
 laiilswith a \a(l quantity of gold. 
 
 It was ilfpulatcd by the treaty of peace made at 
 Alc.izove;, in 1479, between Kerdinand of Callile, 
 and kins Alphon.o the 5tli of Portugal, that the 
 coinni.rti.- ami iuvi,^aticn of Guinea, with the con- 
 tiu.llof the kinj;doin of Fe/, griinteil hy tlic I'op.- to 
 tin- kings of I'oriunal, Ihould rimain to them, rx- 
 clulive of the Caihli.iii'i, who en'.',a|;<d not to trade or 
 toiuh in thole parts without pcrmillioi; fiom the court 
 of i'oitii,;.d i and on the other hand, that the Canary 
 Iflan.h Uiuuld entirely belong to the crown ul 
 fcpam, 
 
 l!ut wc find, thai contr.Ty to thefc articles of peace, 
 th: Ciiliiianf, ill the yeai 1481, h.ivini' lent a fleet 
 to tiaJc on the Coalt ol (hiiiica, Kiii:; Alphonfo ilif- 
 patehtd a fquadroii to obftruit them, uniler the com- 
 mand of Citorge Correal who metting with thirty 
 lliips of Callik- on the Coall of Minn, alter a Ihaip 
 ciij^.igcincnt, obtainid a complete victory, biinging 
 lcver.il ofthein to Lilbon. 
 
 Kin^ John 01 l\rtu;4al, gr,Tntcd Utters patent to 
 fome uiiilcitaltits, himi- If joining in p.irtiierlhip with 
 them. I hue (hips weir httcil out, and whether the 
 fort was er.il. ; ill 1471 or 1481, is not known (10 
 uiiccit;iin arc the I'uriiicuefe liiltorians). King John 
 l^ave it the name of bt, George, and afterwards 
 (•lanted many privilif;c« and fiaiichifes to fuch ;is 
 rtloulJ be willing to rehde in it. He alio gaye it the 
 II inie of a cit v, and eaiile<l a church to be built in it, 
 dclicatid to tli.. fimc iiaiiit. Alter this, he took the 
 lillc of Lord ut Cluiiica, and commanc'ed that thoh 
 einplj)ed to nuike liik-overies for the future along the 
 Couth.rii Co.id of Africa, fhoulJ, at every place of 
 note, iMcl a fijuare monument of ftone, (ix feet 
 hij;''., With li'.sai..i^ on it, and two inl'rriptioii';, one 
 on each lide in I.ati.i and I'ortugele. Conlainini; the 
 year, month, and dav .vhcii that dilcovcry was made 
 by his cidci, w ith the name of the captain who com- 
 m mded luili expcJition. He ordered alio a Uone 
 ciofs to be tiamptd into that peJeftal j whereas in 
 former times, they ufed to fct them up of wood, 
 tioinc years after, the king of Portugal formed a 
 (jiiinc.i company, wiUi the priviledac of an exclufive 
 trad^'. At (ii if they nude a very confidcrable pridit, 
 .Tiid rauftJ Kort .S:. Andrew to be built at Axini, 
 iiooiher fiinll one at Acra, and a lodge at Sama, on 
 the river 01 St. George, for the convenirncy of fup- 
 plying tliL- gairifonof Aliiia with provifions, which 
 b^ fore was maintained by the Icing of Portugal : who 
 ri.ji;[vcd 10 hi:iif::lf the 1 i^ht ui' appointing a govctnur 
 
 and other officer", every three year', to jrallfv futh 
 III hit lubjei^U a> had lerved hiin will in l-uiopraiii 
 in Atiica, III his wai* with Ihv Muvrt ul l\t, with- 
 out niakiii.; thur lortunr^. 
 
 Thua the gariilon of thi< plarr, «< Wtll offiri;i« M 
 eonmiiin foldiir«, ciini lo l<e t.Miimonly compodd «'t 
 liwd and ilil'i'iiiy p>ifrii«, (uUd to loiiiiiiil »ut- 
 i,i;;c«, and tu pluildei) or ol lUsh ai Wiic l>aiiil>.i<i 
 Poitugal for tlitir crimen. 
 
 In the i(. ^'11 III lliiitythe thin), of Franrf, th« 
 rinl wan liirrc bung at an end, the Krciieh bfpan 
 .i^a n 10 lKi|ueiit the Pvp|M-r and (jnld Coalt, but 
 could not prevail wi)h tlu blacks ol Alina to deal 
 with them, thole people being deterred by the ihrrMi 
 of the i'oitugiuli. On this ihry (iilei) tbeiur to 
 Acia i upon itiielligencc that the ne^tot, provokid 
 by the baibarout ulage of that nation, had luptil'-d 
 their little fort, dtltroyed llie gurrifun, and raced it to 
 the ground, in the year 157H. 
 
 Kioni that time the Portiigucfe credit and interfft 
 on th.<l coali began to decline, alter they hiiJ leaped 
 all the ..iK intakes of the Guinea fade Iri above icu 
 years, and fell into the hands ol the h uropean nations ; 
 who, by d.grees b eaine Ihaieis of the wealth. But 
 this was not with lut b|r«)d(hed, piirticularlv many of 
 the French iolf their lne>- by the hand- iithtr of the 
 Portugucfc or bl.iks who rrceucd an hundrril 
 eriwns reward fnin the former, for every h.adof « 
 Irtnchman they brought, whuh were cxpokd on 
 the walls of the fort. 
 
 Mean time the French, who had hitherto trai'ej 
 on the Maiieghetta, or Pepper Coall, Imii ; the ;.T>at 
 piofit the Poitui ui fc made by their tiadc on the GolJ 
 Coart, fent fome fliips there alli». Hut the negro* 
 durft not (leal with them, for fear of offending the 
 PoitU|;uefe as they fieily owned. Hi'sviver, roiniitj; 
 to Acra, the Ficncli were \wll received hy the ne(.ro , 
 who ghidly trad'd with them, when they found thejr 
 weie enemies to the Pcrtuguele. 
 
 'I"hc I'oriugiiele Hnding other methods fiuitlefs, 
 fent two Ifout Ihips tiom I'ortugal to guard the co'ft. 
 With thife tliey liink a lliip from iJiepne, calKd the 
 tfperence, killing the greatell part of the crew, and 
 making the reft itaies, in the year 15S2. liut net 
 prohibition or force prevailing to deter the negros 
 from trac'ing with the French, the PoMtiguclc 
 managed fo as to exclude by force not only the F'tutch, 
 but all loreign I'ations from trading on the coalt. 
 Not content with this, they fell on fuch interlopirs ot 
 their own nation as the hope of gain had brought 
 here, conlifcatiiig the (liips and I'oods, ;>nd punidung 
 the men with dci.th. A Poituguele Ihip that haj 
 ihen traded here, was, on her reiurii to l.ifbon, con- 
 demned to the king, and the crew put to death. 
 
 Not long after the year 1600, a b:irk, bound fiom 
 Port-a-Port to Rio del Ardrci!, was taken hy the 
 pirates. The crew put into the oftlc of Miii.i lor 
 frcdi water and pr'.vifions; but though they weie 
 .Spaniards, yet the governor refuted them this lilwrty, 
 on account of their not having the king's leave tr> 
 trade here, ai)d even ihreateneil thim with flavery if 
 thcv did not quit the coall. 
 
 'Fhe Dutch met with no better treatment froi» 
 the Poituguclt-, when they had an opportunity, but 
 would not defilt from the Ciuinca trade, being enccu- 
 r;igid by the mighty profit they I'ound on that coalf, 
 to bear w ith the outrages offered by thofe |KOple, till 
 at lalt ihiy had their full revenge. Fur when the 
 w ar broke out between the Hollanders and Spain, 
 the former c.illing to mind the injuries done them bv 
 the Portugucfe, at that time fubjr<its to Spain, took, 
 from them not only one half of Brafil, but likcwilc 
 all the forts they had on the Coaft of Guinea, drivinj 
 them from that nation lor ever, by forcing them tu 
 furrender the caIHe of Mina, in the year i'Jj7i anJ 
 that of Axiin in lb42- 
 
 The Portugucfe authors fay, the Dutch treated the 
 blacks even worfc than thenifclvcs had done, anJ 
 that the latter gained more upon the blacks by ciunk- 
 cuncfs, giving them wine amd Itror-g liqucis, than 
 
•jtjr.J 
 
 COASTS AND 1 S f. A \ D ■: OV AI' R I ( A. 
 
 49i 
 
 • h I'uth 
 
 'ft aii4 
 
 Wilh- 
 
 attd the 
 nc, anJ 
 crunk- 
 
 bv forrt- of ftrm, nnd iiiflriifling them, »» mini(ttf« 
 i>l ihi'll \il, in t)uir \vlilii.>!ii.i> : but ili.it ilmr 
 ilill 'lilt' livi:> ami iii.iiiiiir>, j»iii.<l to llir .iJvuiili^c^ 
 wtiirli III.: I'urlu^iM Ic iil Muu, thoii^li inMiiir ill 
 liiiinhvt, li ul g4iiicil u/ir tluin in roiiw riticiniiilvrt, 
 li.iJ fcihleri.J thi'in .19 ct>iiti.iii|itil>li' aiiiun;; the bl.icks 
 tor ihiir to'wjiilitc, a> w.iiit ut virtue. I'lul tliiy 
 htlJ, vnitliuuc liny iiilit r ri^lit ih.iii fuur, thu furl in 
 il.inii.ir, I'lui Uj^iKi Iruiii th.it ut' AxKM t ullu ihi- 
 Icttiriiiciit <il Coi.i, C'uruinantiii, iiiiJ AM>..t ilil 
 TuiTU",!! Coiiinienjci. Tlut ihiy ptiiicjUly ciijoycil 
 the CMifinn t\f (it Mill* iilcir, whiif ilicy |uiri.U.iltiJ 
 itbou'uvo .illiun« of ^oM yearly, and cxpoiiJ all 
 th^tioul' ,■ furiiilh'.-J ihi'iiiby the Ka7..irt, anJotlur 
 iiil.iiiil I .iins ; ih.it ilic qu.iniily ul mcichanJili' 
 broui^hi hy ihc Dutch, aii>l ihtir clicapiiii'*, had 
 iiudc the liarbaiLiiiH iiioic'^;;rcrdy of thun i ihuuKh 
 tiiinv |K'<i|ilu would willin{',ly have luid duuhlc tor the 
 l'ortu^;iK It' ^cKHJ.., as luliKi'ling the Uutch to be ul Iclt 
 valui', buying ihcni oiilv tor want of hctti r. 
 
 When the l'oriu;^ui-le of Kl Miii.i, I'ounJ the 
 Dutch trade un llu' toalt increare to their ^rriit l>i|i>, 
 Dill rndeavoiiri.d to exiili' the nativen ai^.iinl) tliim. 
 A Dutih lliip, tr.idin^; at Cape Cutlo, \vj» thus 
 liri uinvcntid by tlie nij;ro<, wiio |)rctcnd J to thi; 
 captain, unc hiiiioii dc I'aye, tiiat ilieir k'li^ was 
 coniini; on h'laid to vilit linn. I'lie DiitchMLin IVtit 
 Ills bu.it on lliiiic to ricei>'e the kin • ; but the negros 
 ill their canues furri'undiin; the bu,it, altac>.iit .iii.l 
 liillid tlu'trew, cxeept one or two, who by Iwiininlnij 
 {.'leaped to the {hip. I'liis was done at the iiil).- 
 cution of the Purtugud' , who alfu tau;.'ht the luiues 
 how to adulterate their uuld, and put it uli' tu the 
 Dutch. 
 
 'I'he I'ortujuefe governor at El Min.i, at this 
 tinu en;;a^ed oiij Voct.aii, a pre.'t i: -^'i. tr.idcr, who 
 li.iJ liriw d.'jliii['s with the Dutch, to betray lome ul 
 tlieiii iiitii h:< hands. I'or this end, ion." neijros 
 (.aiiie un b'uida Dutch baric tha' was trailing on the 
 cuall, and pieiendin ; Iriendlliip, iiifoiined them, 
 til It there was plenty uf deer and other game where 
 they lay. 'I'he Dutch on this, lent iiiree men vn 
 (lluie to hunt. Ill the mean time ihey talked in tu 
 trieiidly a manner with thole on buard, wliol'ufpeded 
 DO harm, mat tliey put out their matches ; which the 
 iiOKros perceiving, fell fuddeiily on them, wounding 
 and killing lome, and hrowing others over-buarJ, 
 to that they had all perillied, if the carpenter, who 
 was cuaiiig wood, had not run to help them, with 
 his hatchei falling on fo furioufly, that lie forced them 
 to efcjpe by fwininiing. However, the three men, 
 who went on ({lore, were feiicd by the nci^ros, and 
 carried to the gi.veinor, who kept them in flavery. 
 'I'iie Portuguclc here having no power of putting any 
 to death, without an order from the governor ol 
 Portugal, unlcl's when a Have attempts to efcapc. 
 
 live Dutchmen goinj; in a canoe to Mawri, were 
 by a calm ditained at fea near the caftic, in 1599, 
 which the j;ovcrnur obferving, lent lome negro«, who 
 tell upon them, and woiinuing them, r .rried tlum on 
 fliore, where they cut ott' their heads, which they pre- 
 fcnted to the governor. 
 
 In January, 1600, the Portuguefc, by the afiillancc 
 of the ncgros, furpril'ed .nnotlier Dutch baik, bul 
 were io warmly received, that tlicy were gl.id to ec; 
 away. 
 
 '1 he fame year, the Comnicndo and Fetii blacks, 
 animated by the Dutch, who fupplicd iliem with 
 arms and other iicccflaries, role af;aiiift ihc Puitu;;ucl"e. 
 The Dutch now iilolvvd to ereil fome lotts on the 
 Coaft of 15cnir and Angola. Then puflifing under- 
 hand, with I' . ral uf the kings, that of Sabow gave 
 them leave to uild a fort at Mawri, three leagues eaft 
 from Cape Cortb, which they iiniflicd in the yeai 
 1624, and f7ave the command to Adrian Jac>jbs, at 
 the time the crown of Portu>;al was at war with the 
 Dutch, but puH'en'cd by Philip IV. King of Spain. 
 
 Ill December, 1625, the Dutch made an attempt 
 on the caftlc of Mina, with J2,coo of their own 
 nieii9 and 150 Sabow blacks, under the command of 
 
 thrir ie.ir-.ul>iiiial, J,in Dnk I.anib, who l.itnlid j« 
 'I'lira I'lepivii.i, 01 Aiii'iila, in Ihe eiiintiv ol C'lili - 
 iiKli.lii, Imi Here luaily r.nited by the Portiii;ui i,! 
 juxilurie*, the bhiiks of Miiia ahiiir. Thole lialivv* 
 attacked the Diiuh before ih' ycjiiM f mil their body, 
 at the toot of a lull, a litlh' Ik lure liiu-let : the action 
 was rvir biloie ni^'.hi, w.ih the llau^litcr ot ^• ^ 
 folJii IS, and (jti leaiimi, hi liil. » all the auxiliary Saljov^ 
 bl.<iks, and molt of the Duteh ottieert. Their i(e> 
 iier.il bein:; wounded, was icleuwj by the I. idle Cuf'- 
 mam blacks. 
 
 Soni/yiars after, the Duteli iiia.lc over ihc properly 
 of foit N ill'au, al Mawri, to the \\ ell In.li.l lom- 
 pany, Nieliulas \'.iii V preii, iheir genual in that 
 pl.ier, made inuielt Iroiii tune to tune, by preliiut 
 and pioniiles, \miIi ilie black kings along tlial loall, 
 to drive the I'ortugitele Imin theiiee, and I. illetli'ir,- 
 lelves in their ruiiiii. He fueeerdid lo w l<, a> evui 
 Io fomeni a divilion among the Puruiguiie gariil\in 
 of Miiij. Having thus difp fed all lliin"s lor .1 
 ehaiig ', and gameil tlir eab. thus, . nd cap ...n ol thu 
 town tu ainit ihe Dutch in a fnoii.l ai .mp'. upon ihj 
 eallie : be feiil au account tu lliu diueturs uf thj 
 eumpany. 
 
 The;- gentlemen bavin;; fome vein before trained 
 a fooling in llialil, hy taking ,St, Salvadoi, and 
 Uahi.i, had bent their ihou.ht on leeuring a place i.f 
 arms on the Co.ill ol Afiiea j that being iTius ni.illiis 
 ol both points, on the two opp..!! u toiitinei.ts, tin y 
 nii^lit have the eoii.inaiid ol the oe an, and of thu 
 pair.ige 10 thu K.ill Indus, and luin^ lli ul.ole tii.lij 
 imo their own hands. They had olteii lought out 
 for lueh a pl.iee of arms along ihe Coalt ot Alriea, 
 from Cajic Verde, to the C.ipe of (iood Hope . but 
 failed III ilieir levi ral atteiiipis, and paiiieulaiiy in 
 that lieluie mentioned, in 1O25, againll the callle of 
 Kl Miiia, which was rcckuiicd the muil cuiiveiiient 
 for their deligns. 
 
 Piince Maurice, of Naflau, a near relation to the 
 Prince of tJrangc, ariived at Uralil with a lleet uf 
 thiily-two thipi, (twelve of tlitm men of war) car- 
 rying 27CO loldiers, lining by the Dutch Well Imii* 
 tomp:iny appointed governor general of that cuuntrv, 
 and of Souih America, where he made leveral eoii- 
 k|iicfts. V in Vpren being informed thenof, fent a 
 vetli'l over to give him an account of the favourable* 
 opportunity thin otleied tor redue.ng the catllc of 
 El Mills, and thereby driving the I'orluguetc from 
 the Ciuld Coali, Count N'alliiu lent him nine men 
 of war of his fciuardron, under the command of 
 Colonel Hans Conic. 
 
 This fvjuardroii arriving at Cape I-a How, on the 
 Quaijua Coalf, on the 25111 of Juni-, ibl-, the 
 comman.ler immediately tent advice to Van \ pren ac 
 Mawri, and proceeded himfelf with his I'quardron tu 
 Illeni. There he received that gential's oideis to 
 bring his I'quaidron to Commendo road, where he 
 waited with two hiiiidied canoes uf blacks, and tome 
 tranl'port thips. .Mean time Van Vpren had gamed 
 over 10 his party, moft of the youth of Commendo, 
 to whom he pi'oiniled a confiderable turn of gold, iit 
 cafe he leduced the callle by their afliflance. 
 
 Thus the lUet proceeded towards Cape Corfo, and 
 the forces landed the 24th of July, in a little creek, 
 about half a mile welt of th^- C.'[e. They «ere in 
 all eight hundred fuldieis and live hundred feamen,- 
 cach cariyiiig thiee days piovilioiij; belidcs tha 
 auxiliary blacks, „nil marched in three bodies. They 
 all halted at t!ie river Dana, to refrefli. And Coine, 
 who brought up the rcer, being informed that a body 
 of one ihoufand Mina blacks was polled at the foot 
 of the hill of St. Jago, to oppofe his taking polUflioit 
 of it, which it was abfolutely neceti'ary to do, as 
 commanding the fort ; he detatchcd four companies 
 of fuliliers tobeal tbcin otF; but molt of them were 
 cut to pieces by thole blacks, who lltuck off their 
 hcad.s, and carried them to the town. 
 
 Major Bon Ciarzon being fent with another de- 
 tachment, forded the liver Dana, and f.dling on that 
 body viKoroufly, diblijcd them tu abandon their poif, 
 
 which 
 
4^6 
 
 VOYAGES TO THE 
 
 [1717. 
 
 •5 
 \ i 
 
 \4 
 
 1 
 
 which he took po/rcflion of, wiili the lofs of four 
 \Vhitcs and ten liiaclcs, the nntivis afterwards endea- 
 vourinn twice to recover that p«il, were obliged tore- 
 tire. Hon (larzon purfuing them down into the vil- 
 lage, between the mountains, and the hill of St. Jago, 
 where the reft of the Dutch forces imitiediately joined 
 him. 
 
 The i'ortugucfe, no longer able to keep the field, 
 retired into the redoubt they had biiift on the hill of 
 St. Jigo. whei« they were foon after attacketh Co- 
 lonel Coine having caufcd two ways to be cut through 
 the thickets, which covered one fide of the hill, the 
 one leading on the river Dana, and the other direftly 
 to the redoubt itfelf; and two pieces of cannon and a 
 mortar were brought up the Hill, and mounted on an 
 advantageous fpot, which commanded the caftle fo 
 entirely, that ten or twelve bomb^ the Dutch threw 
 from thence, were very near falling into the place. 
 
 Another detachment of Dutcli and Cotnmendo 
 blacks, was fent out toatuck the Mina blacks, and 
 nfterwards the weft end of their town. The Com- 
 r:endo blacks attempting to drive away fomc cattle, 
 had been cut to pieces, but for the condud of their 
 officers, who kept them clofe in a body along the ri- 
 ver Banja, which covered them. Next day the Dutch 
 Rcing reinforced from their main body, att.ickcd tlie 
 town of Mina, but were forced to retire, by the ex- 
 eeflive fire from the caftle. 
 
 The day after, the general, to prevent his enter- 
 tcrprife from mifcarryi«g by delay, fummoned the 
 caftle as foon as rt wa* light, jirotcfting, that he would 
 put all the garrifon to the tword, it" they rcfufed to 
 ftirrender immediately. The I'ortugucfe i^overnor de- 
 mantled three >lays tu confid-r of it, which being rc- 
 fufeii hiiTi, Coine the next morning drew up his 
 forces on the hill of St. Jago, and threw fcveral 
 bombs into the city with little effeifl ; but the fol- 
 lowing cit'V, having caufcd his grandees to draw nearer 
 til the cadlc, the Portuguefc beat the chamade, and 
 Rnlout two perfons to capitulate, the articles being 
 furh as the Dutch general would impofe, viz. 
 
 Firif, The ^ovcrnur, garrifon, and alt the Portu- 
 guefe, to march out that day, with their wives and 
 children, but without fworJs, colours or any wea- 
 pons, each per/on being allowed but one fuit of wear- 
 ing apparel. 
 
 Secondly, All the goods, merchandife, gold and 
 llavcs to remain to the Dutch, except only twelve 
 flaves allowed the inhabitants. 
 
 Thirdly, The church ftuff, which was not of gold 
 orfilvr, allowed to be'taken away. 
 
 Fourthly, The Portuguefc and mulattos to be put 
 on board the fquadron, with their wives and children, 
 and carried to the ifland of St. Thomas. 
 
 The fort was delivered up to the Dutch, on the 
 jgth of Auguft, i6j7, and in it they found 30 pieces 
 of brafs cannon, 9CC0 weight of poAder, and much 
 other ammunition, but very little ^old, and no great 
 quantity of goods. This done, Coine returned to 
 Mawri, with his forces, leaving Captaii) Walraeven 
 with a garrifon of 140 men, bedfies feveral blacks, 
 whohxd taken an oath of fiJelity to them. 
 
 Coine, to make his advantage of the confterna- 
 tion, the fpccdy conqueft of the caftle of Mina had 
 fpread along the Gold Coaft, fent a canoe with a let- 
 ter to the governor of Fort St. Anth )ny, at Axim, 
 the moft important poft the Portuguefe had, next to 
 Mina, to fummen him to furrender that place, before 
 he came to attack it with his forces. This governor, 
 whr iiad more courage than that of Mina, confider- 
 ing that there was no great danger of vifit during 
 the rainy fcafnn, amwircd. That h? was t.Mdy to give 
 the gencrul a good reception if became, and was re- 
 I'olved tndffind the pl.iix to tliclaft rxtrciniry. This 
 rribliite JnKver olili^'cd Coiiu- to put orf tliat cnter- 
 prifctoa more f.iv oil r,ible oppoituiiitv, amlilK- Dutch 
 did not reduce Axiin till the xciir 1642. Coine, On 
 his n uirn to the Bi.ilil with his fleet, was received at 
 Olinda, and at .•Xir.uiit, by tViuiit John Morice's 
 command, uiuler adilcharge nf all the cannon^ and 
 with all other marks oJ honour. - -.. 
 
 The Du:ch now became maftcrs of the important 
 poft of Mina, and endeavoured to tnjjrolsitll the trauu 
 of the coaft in (heir own hands ; to that cffeiSt, Van 
 Vpren was called thither from Mori, to make that 
 Ms refidence,' as general of Guinea and Angola. 
 He caufed thccaftlc toberepaiird and enlarged, and, 
 by degrees, made it much ftrongcr, more beautilul, 
 and (if a yeatcr extent, Chan when in poflellion of the 
 Portu;;ucfe. 
 
 The Dutch at firft treated th6 blacks at Mina and 
 the reft of the coaft very gently, larefling, and pre- 
 fcnting the chiefs of them with prel'cnts ; but wheit 
 the Englifti came to put'in fur a ih.nre of the trade of 
 that ricli country, and endeavoured to make intercll 
 with the nativcii, in order to fettle on their coalts, 
 the Dutch changed their former civility into fcvcrity, 
 to deter them frotn favouring their new rivals. Tluy 
 alfo f.-ized the Eiiglifli fort at Cormentin, where th>: 
 commander of that nation refided, which was one of 
 the motives fof the u-ar between England and Hol- 
 land in 1666. 
 
 To curb the blacks al6ng the coaft, and tocngroft 
 the whole trade, they eredlcd finall forts at ISoutroj 
 Sama, Corfo, Anamabo, Cormentim, and Acra,. 
 under pretence of protedting them againft their inland 
 neighbours, who often harrafted them by invrifions. 
 With the fame view they likewifc laid dutie.4 on the 
 fifticry of the negros at Axim, Mina, aild Mawii, 
 forbidding them, under fcvcrc penalties, to hold any 
 correfpondence, or to trade with other Europeans, as 
 has been obfervcd. In fliort, they proceeded to lord 
 it over them fo abfolutely, as to take cognizance or 
 all civil and criminal matters, and to aft'ume the 
 power of life and death, though at the fame time they 
 were obliged to pay yearly acknowledgements to thii 
 native kings for the forts they had there. For all thcfc 
 precautions, the blacks were not deterred from tr.iding 
 when occalion offered, with other Europeans, whom 
 the Dutch treated as interlopers. 
 
 [It fecms the difcontcnt of the Mina and Com- 
 mendo blacks, as well as thofe of Fetu and Sabow, 
 was grown to fuch ? height, when Barbot was there, 
 efpeciatly thofe of Mina, that they had adually 
 broken with the Dutch, and kept their general dole 
 confined to the caftle, without daring to come on 
 board for ten months, in which tmie thejr had twice 
 afta^lted it, though without fuccefs, for want of un- 
 derftanJing the art of war : they loft about 80 of their 
 men, and killed but four of the Dutch. While they 
 lay thereabouts, 30 or 40 canoes full of blacks came 
 every day from Mina and Commendo, complaining 
 to him of the hardftiips the Dutch put upon their 
 countrymen, fome of whom were for a long time 
 kept in the Bilbos within the caftle, expofed ftark 
 naked to the fcorching fun by day, and the cold dews 
 in the night. Barbot himfcif ^w three of them in 
 that condition on the land batteries, (hewed him by 
 the then Dutch general, who had kept them fo above 
 nine months to punifh their boldnefs and treachery, 
 having been concerned in theconfpiracy of the Mina 
 blacks at that time, to furprife and burn the caftle of 
 St. George i but their defign being prevented, many 
 of them, after firing their houfcs, fled from Town to 
 other places on the coaft, the blacks both here, and at 
 Commendo, entertained Barbot with their grievances, 
 aiid importuned him to inform the French court at his 
 return, howdefirous they were to fee the French fet- 
 tled there, to proteft them againft the oppreflion they 
 lay under. Being one morning at breakfaft with the 
 general, with whom he was pretty familiar, as being 
 an old acquaintance, he fpied through the gallery 
 window, feveral ca^ioes of Mina, going on board the 
 author's floop in the road, to trade. Hereupon he 
 abruptly, in a paftion, threatened to detain him, and 
 feize his vcflcl. Barbot, to pacify him, dcfired him 
 to fend on board to know whether he had not left po- 
 fitive orders with the mafter, to fell nothing to the 
 blacks; adding, that the fifcal was actually in the 
 (loop, to dbfcrve what pafted. For his farther fatif- 
 fadtion, the author fold him the reniaiaing part of 
 f tl». 
 
lyib.] 
 
 COASTS AND ISLANDS t AFRICA. 
 
 «1 
 
 the cargo for about ten marks of gold, it wliich M 
 the hlaoLs, wh.i were on bourd, were mucit (lifplcalcii 
 at his return. J 
 
 The Gold CnjH contains fifteen kingdoms along 
 the ftiorc, which are Adouir, called alfo Socu, 
 and Awina, Axim, Ancnbar, Adoni, named like- 
 wife Little Iiicaflan, or VVarflics ; Jabi, or Jabs; 
 Comiiendo, or UuafFo } Fctu, S.ili.w, or Sabowj 
 Fantin, Acron, Agon^a, or Angwira j Acra, or 
 Aquambous, Labbadc ; and Ningo, or Limpi. 
 This coaft ought to be reckoned to begin at Rio dc 
 Sweiro da Cotta, near Iflini, being the fiift place 
 where gold is purchafed, and to end at Lay, in the 
 country of Lampi, 13 or 14 Ic;i!;ul-s eaft of Acra, 
 where this metal is only to be h;ul accidentally from 
 the Amahow people, who live farther inland. 
 
 Thefe countries contain fume, one, two, or more 
 towns or villages, lying on the fca (hoie, either un- 
 der or between the huropcan forts and caftles. Thcfe 
 are only for the convcniency of trade and fifhing; 
 for the principal towns lie within land, and are very 
 populous. Nine of thefe kingdoms ate governed by 
 their refpeflivc kings, or captains, as they were called 
 before the Europeans came here. The other fix are 
 Independent republics, under the dircJlion of their 
 own magiftrates. The inland countries arc governed 
 by kings or lords. 
 
 In the neighbourhood of the river Ancobar, or 
 Cobre, where the Gold Coaft begins, there are a great 
 number of villages, wliich compole the three different 
 iflands of Ancobar, Aborrel. and Agwira, thefirfla 
 monarchy, and the other two republics. 
 
 For fcvcral years pad, the Dutch had a fort in 
 the country of Egwira, and drove a very con- 
 iidtrable trade there ; for befides the afllux of gold 
 brought thither from foreign parts, the countrv it- 
 Iclf affords fonie gold mines j but the Dutch loft iheir 
 footing tlicrc in a very tragical manner. For the com- 
 mander in chief of the ncgros being clofely beficged by 
 the Duuh, as fame reports, fhot gold initeadaof lead, 
 hinting, by (igns, that he was ready to treat, and af- 
 terwards trade with the befie;;ers ( but in the midft of 
 their negotiation he blew up himlelf and all his enC' 
 mics at once. To conipafs this dcfign, he cni^aged a 
 flave by a promifc of ncwcloaths, to ftand ready with 
 a lighted match, with which he was to fire the pow 
 der, when he faw him ftamp his foot. This the 
 filly wretch but too pundhially performed, undifco- 
 vercd by any but one of the company's fiaves, who 
 obferving it, filently withdrew in time, being the 
 only one left alive to carry the news to Axim. 
 
 Eight leagues to the call of Cape Apollonia, is a 
 village which the nativci call Akxem,an(l the French 
 Axim. This country was once a monarchy. The 
 arrival of the Jirandenburghers divided the inhabi- 
 tants, one part of them putting thcmfelves under 
 the protedlion of the new comers, in hopes of more 
 liberty ; the reft, who were the honeftcr part, con- 
 tinuing under the Dutch. Before this time, Axim, 
 extended feven leagues from the Rio Cobrc, or Ser- 
 pentine river, to the village cf Hoefwa, a mile weft of 
 the Dutch fort, near the i illage of Boutry, or 
 Butrow. 
 
 The foil produces abundance of rice, watcr-mel- 
 lons, ananas, ctxos, banana*., oranges, Iwcet and four 
 lemons, and other fruit, and fallading. Their maife 
 is not good, nor in great quantities, on account of 
 the heavy rains that fall there. 
 
 Axim is governed by a body of Cabodiirs, who are 
 the chief, and by the Manc«rus, or young men, 
 clefled thereto. The public atfairs are managed by 
 the former, but what concerns the whole land, as 
 war and peace, and the raifing of taxes (which fcl- 
 dom happens) fall under the immediate cognizance of 
 both aflemblies. 
 
 Axim has many fine large villages, all of them 
 very populous, fome feated on the Ihore, others far- 
 ther inland. The chief near the ftiore that are called 
 Achombene, at the Dutch fort of St. Anthony, and 
 Pocquefo near the hill Manfroat Cape 'l\et Puntat. 
 
 Vvt. I. No. 43 
 
 The land is well cultivatcdj and the natives gene- 
 rally rich, by the great trade ihcy drive for gold wifh 
 the Europeans ; but by the long wars between thcfe 
 people and thole of Ante and Adeni, the trad« has 
 much declined of late. 
 
 The ncgros of Axim carry on a very con- 
 fidcrahle trade in gold, chiefly with the Englilh, and 
 Zealand interlopers, notwithftanding the penalty in- 
 curred by fucli as the Dutch catch in doing lo j yet 
 they find means by bribing the Haves ftt to watch 
 them, to carry it on ; fo that the Dutch have nut 
 .above the hunclredth part of the gold here.' 
 
 Fort St. Anthony is feated on a large, high roekj 
 runningout from the fhore to the fca, like a narrow 
 pcnlnfula, with a round, high, rocky head, on which 
 tile fort ftands, fu encompallcd with clift's and rocks^i 
 it is only acceftibleon the land fide, where it is well 
 fortified with breaft-work, a diaw-bridgCj and a bat- 
 tery of large guns, to cover the whole. 
 
 The firft fort which the Portuguefe (who built this 
 of St. Anthony) had here in the reign of King 
 Emanuel, was in a little point on the {hore, which 
 they were forced to dcmolifli on account of the at- 
 tacks made by the natives, and remove to this rock. 
 The Dutch uifpoflefl'ed them of it, January the 9th, 
 1642, and by the fucceding peace between Portugal 
 and Holland, it was yielded to the Dutth Weft India 
 company, who ftill poftcfs it. 
 
 This fort, though not large, is handfomely built, 
 being triangular, and ftrong by nature. It has two 
 batteries on the land fide, and one on the fea, with 
 proper out-works, which, as well as the walls, arc 
 of the black ftone of the country ; low to the fea, 
 becaufc the rock there is high and ftecp, and higher 
 to the land fide. It mounts twenty-two iron guns, be- 
 fides padereros. The gate of the fort is low, and 
 well fccurcd by a ditch eight feet deep, cut in the 
 rock, over which is a draw-bridge^ deiended by two 
 padereros, befides a fpur that can contain twenty 
 men, with feveral fteps, or ftair$« cut in the rockj 
 to get up into the fort from the fpur. 
 
 The chief factor's houfc is neatly built of brickj 
 and high, being tiiangular, with three fronts, before 
 one of which, on the weft fide, is a very fmall fpot 
 of ground, planted with a few orange-trees. 
 
 'rhc Dutch garrifon here is ufually twenty-five 
 whites, with as many blacks, under a ferjcant in the 
 company's pay^ and if well flored with provifions, 
 is able torafiftan army of the natives. One incon- 
 veniency here is, as in other forts on the coaft is^ 
 that the violent rains in the wet feafons moulder the 
 walls, and require a continual charge to keep up the 
 fortifications. For this rcafon, the Dutch have a 
 lime-kiln near the village, where they make lime of 
 oyfter-fliells, which are in plenty here, fufHcient not 
 only to ferve this fort, but eveii £1 Mina, and their 
 other fortrefles. 
 
 Th* natives here make it their chief bufincfs to feeic 
 gold by diving, in which fome are fo Ikilful, that they 
 Avill remain a quarter of an hour under water. But 
 the violence of it, often fubjefls them to ruptures, 
 and as they know not the ufe of truflesi they foon 
 die. Their way is to plunge in head-foremoft, with 
 aralabafti in their hand, which th*-/ liii with fand, or 
 wh.ilcvcr they find at the bottom of the river, and 
 this they repeat till they arc tired, or think they havB 
 got cnou;;h. Then fitting on the bank of the riverj 
 they put two or three handfulls of this fand or earth, 
 in a wooden platter, like a bowlt and holding it under 
 water, ftir it with their hand. This done, they fift 
 it, always covered ftightly with water, that the water 
 may carry of the lighter parts, while the gold, which 
 is heavicll, finks to the bottom of the bowl, wher* 
 it lies lik a yellow, heavy duft, fomctimee mixed with 
 larger gi?iins. This is what they call wafticd gold| 
 and what is found at Axim, is reckoned the bcft on all 
 the coaft. I'his river of Axim, and thofe which fall 
 into it, muft needs pafs near gold mines, the par- 
 ticles of which metal are carried down by their ftrcam. 
 After the great flocds in the rainy feafoni, the negros 
 6 M htts 
 
4'>« 
 
 VOYAGES TO T II L 
 
 [«7»r' 
 
 here get goli! in greater qunntitiM and larger grains 
 than at oilier times. Hut they dare nut fell their gold 
 to any other nation than the Duteh, or trade with 
 any fhips on the coall ; tor their villages are cum- 
 nianded by the cannon of fort St. Anthony. This 
 the Dutch have contrircJ, under pretence of pro- 
 te(5)ing them, but in reality, to monopolize the 
 tr.-ide; which ni.ikcs their government 16 odious 
 along the Guinea Coaft. 
 
 The Dutch C)ppi.r Kcopman, or chief faflor^ here, 
 is the next po(t on the cojil:, to the i;enerallhip of 
 Kl Min.i, and has a kUid of fovcrcign authority 
 through the whole country o( A\im, determining all 
 raufcs among the negros, and all linei being paid into 
 his hands; who didributes them to the injured 
 pcrfuns, iirft deducting hia own fees, whii-h are very 
 large. For inftance, if a i>Uck be fined an hundred 
 crowns, his dues amount to two thirds, and the 
 ether third falls to the ani-mbly of caboOiirs. But in 
 cifes of murder, robbery, or debt, three fourths ot 
 the whole belong to the plaintiff, and the other fourth 
 is for the fadior and caboOiirs, who divide it into three 
 parts, the former taking two, the«4atter one. I'he 
 tifliermen here, »lfo, pay him the eighth of the 
 tilh they catch, which produces no 'inconfiderable 
 funi. 
 
 'J'hree leagues caft of fort St. Anthony, is the hill 
 Manfro, and near it the village of Pocqucfo, pretty 
 large and populous ; this is the fame which we have 
 diltinguiHuJ n<i John Conny'stown. 
 
 The hill of RIanfro, is very proper to build a fort 
 on, being clofe to the lirft point of Cape Trcs Puntas, 
 and here the Brandenburghers, or Pruflians chief 
 fortiefs is icated. 
 
 Cape Tres Puittas, was fo called by the Portu- 
 guefc, from the three little heads, or hills, which 
 compofc it, and lie at a fmall diilance from each 
 other i forming between them t.vo bays, where vedlls 
 may anchor. The tjps of thefe hills are aduincd 
 each with a grove of tall trecf, vifible at a gieat 
 diftanrc. It lies in four degrees ten minutes north 
 latitude. 
 
 On the fliorc of the bays lie three vill.iges, Acora, 
 Accuon, and Iniiama, or, as the Englilh call it, 
 Dixcovf. — Acora is at the bottom of the firft bay, 
 fi'om the weft. Accuon lies on the afcent of the 
 middle point of the Cape. And Dixcove, is in a little 
 gulph, formed b) the lund, between the he«id or point, 
 and Acron. 
 
 Some reckon thefe villages to belong to the king of 
 VVarflias, or little Incanan ; which lies between 
 AximandAnta. The v. hole country about the cape 
 i'^ hilly and woody. One furt of timber here, is of a 
 Jinc yellow, of which chairs, t.ibles, &c. are made. 
 
 Bcfides great Frederickfburgh, the Pruflians have 
 anotlicr fort and lodge in the neighbourhood. The 
 fort is at Tacrama, or Crcma, a village in the mid- 
 dle of Cape Tres Punt.if, betwixt Great Frede- 
 rickfburgh and the lodge. It was built by the 
 Pruflians in the year 1074, to fecure the adjacent 
 w.itering place. It mounts only fix guns, to hinder 
 the natives from trading with foreign fliips within 
 reach of them ; the natives being entirely uiid'T the 
 governmciitof thcPrufliandiredor atFrcderickfiiurgh. 
 In 1701, the Piullian f.iiilor here fufl'cred foreign 
 Ihips to wood and water fur ten pounds per fliip. 
 
 The lodge, ur little fort, called Dorothea, is at 
 Acoda, about three li.:igiics call of the Cape, it was 
 about the year 1690, enlarged by the Dutch, who 
 had difpoirejlcd the Prufliani, of it in 1683, but after- 
 wards redored it, by order of the company, about 
 i6a8. They have fince confiderably ilrengthened 
 and improved it. It is only a huule with a flat roof, 
 on which are two fmall batteries, with about twenty 
 jjuns i and a fufficieiit number -if apartments, 
 llighlly built, and too much crowded. 
 
 At Dixcove, properly called Intiamo, the Engliffi 
 built a fmall fort in i6qi, alter they had fcvcral times 
 diiputcd the ground with the Ijrandenburghcrs, who, 
 fam« time before, had let up their elei^lui's flag lucre ; 
 
 but not finding it turn to account, tjiiietly yielded 
 it, and the Englilh wi le fix years in fiinlhing it. 
 
 Smith, in 1726, found this a handfome, regular 
 fortification, with four good batteries, mouiitcJ with 
 twenty guns. 'I'his, and all the Englilh forts, an; 
 fubordinate to Cape Coall Caflle, the chiefs being only 
 allowed to carry a St. Gorge's Hair, wiiich is Ai 'Oiu, 
 acrofsGulesj wln'reas thofe who are gnuinors, or 
 generals by perniiliion, hoill the uiimi. ri.i!;, as ..t 
 the Gambra, Sierra Leoiia, C.ipc Coiili, and 
 Whidah. At Dixcove there are two villages com- 
 manded by the fame cabolhir) who, whenever thu 
 flag at the fort is dilpIayeJ, hoilis the St. George'* 
 fl.ig at his houfe, to ihew his attachment to the Englilh. 
 Here is a very (Ac cove, or landing place ; and the 
 gardens belonging to the furt arc both pleafunt and 
 profitable. 
 
 The kingdom of Anta, or Hante, begins at thq 
 village of Boefua, eight miles call of Acoda, anil 
 lying between Infi.unaand tJie Cape at iiroeiroj ; and 
 extends rail to Saina, where it borders on that of tlie 
 Jabs; on the m.rth it has Adoni, to the north-cart 
 Alampe, on the north-weft Eguira, on the well 
 Inkefiiin and Axim, to the foutli and fouth-caft, the 
 ocean. It is about tin i. agues from calt to weft-, 
 full of hills, covered witn lar^je tiees, between 
 which, lie fpacious villapcs. 
 
 For feveral u'ars this courrry w- ■ divided into the 
 upper and lowet Ant:i, ji wlacn Axim was reckoned 
 the firft. It was formerly potent and populous, being 
 inhabited by a warlike, predatory people, frequently 
 invading the Dutch: but their t^mtinual wars wiili 
 the people of Adom, and others, have I'o infeibUd 
 them, that no footfteps remain ot I'.ieir piilUne 
 glory. 
 
 But the war in i6gi, betwixt the Anteans and 
 Adumians, reduced it to a miferubio ron.lition, and 
 ftrippcd it of iiioft of its iiihubitaii'.'.. 'llic lew now 
 left are fo dilpiritcd, that they ftuiier the ' felves ur- 
 dcr the Dutch foit, near i; :utri, leaving the K.iid 
 wild and uncultivated, lietore that war, the author 
 walked through this country, from Axim to l.'.iutri, 
 and regaled his eyes with a profpeCf of nun.eroiis 
 villages, well peopled, a plentiful harvi 11, and abun- 
 dance of cattle. Boutri exceeds other places for 
 healthinefs; for while he ftaid there, fewer of his 
 peoii'.e died, in proportion, than any .'.here elf,;. 
 
 'i'iie mofl delightful pan of the vvhcde Antife land, 
 lies between Acoda and lioutri, being watered oy a 
 frefti river which comes de,wn from the country, and 
 runs into the fea by the Dutch fort at the latter I'lace. 
 The banks of it are adorned "ith fine tall tret>, which 
 quite ovcrfiiade it. The mangroves which ^low 011 
 the fides of it, under lliefe trees, are full of o)fter.'t 
 growing on the boughs. This river is navigable four 
 leagues up, but not higher. 
 
 The chief villages of Anta ilong the fea coaft, are 
 Boutri, Poyera, or Petri-CJrande, i'ando, Taeorary, 
 the laigeft of all, Sacundi, Anta, and Sama ; ail 
 places of trade. 
 
 Buutri, or as it is commonly called Boutrow, and 
 Broetroe, is featcd on a little river at the foot of a 
 high hill, on which the Duteh have a fni.ill, iriegular 
 fort; it being an oblong, divided into two parts, and 
 defended by two inolFeiifivc batteries, mounted wiili 
 eight fmall guns. This fort was erected by one 
 Carlos, in the Dutch fcrvice, with the ctmlentof the 
 king o( Anta, to whom it pays a fmall tribute in 
 gold. It was called Badcnfteyn, and commanded 
 the village of Broetroe, which is thinly peopled, and 
 has but little trade, except that the inland bla...i.s 
 from Adom refort here foinetimes with good gold. 
 
 The king of Anta rcfidcs about four le:i^ues from 
 the fort inland, and is often at variance with tin k of 
 Adom, their teriitorics extending betwi ?n t!ie i.ver» 
 Cheina, or Sama, and Cebra, near tv -nty leagues 
 diftant from each otiier along the eo.ilt, and leein 
 to go up the river Sama in a line, and then to turn 
 with a narrow ilip away to Cohra. The liutch reckoa 
 the air of Boutri the wttalcloineil on the Gold C-Ai. 
 
 Poyera, 
 
'7»;'] 
 
 COASTS ANU ISLANDS OF AFRICA. 
 
 49^ 
 
 Poyera, or Petri Cirandc, and Pandos, or Pampe- 
 nn)', two villages bctw>'cii Uun'troc, and Tacorari, 
 are inconfiderablc for trade, licinc; chiefly inhabited by 
 lifhcrnicn and hufbandmcii. 1 he adjacent country 
 yields plenty of niaif^'. Thcfe places arc known at 
 lea by a vaft rocic near the (hore. 
 
 'I'ocorari, (or Toccarado, as the Englifli call it) 
 the principal town on the coall, (lands on the top of 
 a hill, whiclijutsto the fouh-cad into the lea, fur- 
 rounded with Icvcral rocks, (to ivhirh the blacks pay 
 their devotion) fome above, and rilii 5 under water, 
 wiiich run out two milts to fen, as aj pears ly ib- 
 breakcrs. When thcfc rocks are paft'cd, thi ;owii is 
 cjfily fccn. 
 
 'I he Dutch had formerly a fmall fort here, bi:iii ■.. 
 a hill at fome diflanc-; from the town, called VVitfcn, 
 which tile En;.;ih under Conimodorc Holmes took by 
 ftorm, in 1604. The next year tlie Dutch retook it 
 under d: Rutycr, who blew it up «' a pat.: of no con- 
 feqtience, and putting the inhabitanis to 1 lu^rd, 
 burnt the town. Tne ruins of the fort are ilill to l. 
 feen, the Knpliih, Duich, Danes, S vedes, and 
 Brandenbur^hcrs having poiV.fleJ it fucccflively. 
 
 The natives here art tan. ou. for making the fmeft 
 and largcft canoes on the Guuieu cua!' i fome being 30 
 feet Ions, and feven or eiyht broad, ^ 1 a fini^le tree, 
 that will carry above ten tons of t;oovls, with eiulittTn 
 or twenty blacks to paiitile then., bnips .c. id f-^r 
 Whidah, or Ardra, commonly pttviV." theuil' ives 
 witii fuch canoes. The price ot one of the lar^eft is 
 about the value of forty or fifty pounds ftcrling in 
 goods. They are a treacherous people, and have little 
 trade, though (hips can ride fafc in tliL- bay, into 
 which the river of St. George empties itfelf, a league 
 to the caRof the town. 
 
 This cuaft affords vail quantities of larrte ovft'is, 
 the (hells fciving to make lime. T'lefe thu L..^li(h 
 ufed to fetch from hence for their forts, alon^the 
 coail : but, in 1707, the Dutch general, p. 1 rely to 
 ' !nder them, built a fort of feven or eight guns there, 
 and fettled a fa£lor, with a proper garrifon. 
 
 The town was fo defrayed and burnt in the war 
 bel.veen Anta and Adorn, that only a few inconfider- 
 ahle people dwelt there. 
 
 The village Saccundi is feated on the other corner 
 of the bay, being as rich in gold, and as healthy a 
 place as any on the coaft. It lies fixteen miles lower 
 than Broctroe. Before the war between Adorn and 
 Anta, it was one of theiincft and richeft villages, as 
 well in money as people, upon the whole coaft ; but 
 the Adomefc conquerors entirely burnt and dellroyed 
 it. Since then they began to rebuild it. 
 
 I'he land for eight or ten miles round about thcfe 
 forts, is not lefs agreeable. At this place, and be- 
 hind Tocorari, four miles weft of Saccundi, the 
 valleys are fo fine, that nothing can be more delight- 
 ful. 
 
 The French had formerly a fettlement here ; at 
 prcfcnt the Englilh and Dutch have each a ftrong 
 houfe or foit. The Dutch fort, called Orange, 
 was ereiSed before 1682, and the Englilh had one 
 fome years after; both were 1^' the fame fize, and a 
 mufquct (hot afunilcr. 
 
 In September, iC<)4, the Dutch fort was furprifed 
 and plundered by the blacks, who alfo maffacreed the 
 ciew of a fmall Dutch (hip that lay there. Th« firlt 
 of June, 1698, the Englilh fort underwent the fama 
 fate from the Antean blacks. It was built by Cap-, 
 tain Henry Nurfe, agent for the company, as 
 coiifpicuoufly appeared from an infcription in the 
 wall. 
 
 About fix years, the trade being at a low ebb, the 
 ofiirers of the Englilh and Dutch forts at Saccundi, 
 grew fo jealous of each other, rfiat they both lived in 
 . mifcrablc poverty, at the the cxpence of both the 
 Englifh and Dutch companies. Not long after, the 
 Englilh fait was burnt and deftrsyed by the Antean 
 nei^rot j tlie chief commander and fome of the 
 En^lifli bcine killed, and the r:ft plundered of all 
 tlieir own ana the company's goods. 
 
 In 17(^0, only thcout-walls wcrelcf; (landing. The 
 Dutch king thus left inalkrs of the- phicf, lhouj;li 
 but little to their advantage. The year before iliey 
 tr.n!cd here for a large iiwintity of gulJ, which the 
 Englilh undcrftandiiig, made feveral attempts to ro- 
 buil ' ihcir fort, but v. crc .ilways liirdcrcd by the An- 
 tean blacks. However, tluy at lcn;ith fiiccceded. — 
 The new fort is quadi.n^ular, fituati- ! on a hill 
 about fifty paces from tlie lea lide, bttwcoii two Dutch 
 forts, the one at Totarari to the welt, the other at 
 Sliar.'.a to the eaft. It is built wiiii brick and lime. 
 The garrifon CLii.nioiily c-.:fills of fifteen whiter, 
 and twenty bl^-'ua. Smith, \v!io was there in 1726, 
 r.ys it is nil- ; larger and Itroiigcr than that at Dijf- 
 covc, tho'j^h it has but thf l'ai:ic lu.u.li.r of gun', 
 viz. twcril , The laadin:^-pla':e auti gardens :irc is 
 ;^ood, if no: octtr. The 1 ountry is indeed much the 
 fame, all a! imhcfj./' Ctiall. 
 
 Anta and IJoari, .wc two fmall villages bctwecil 
 Saccundi and Sama, not of any nutc for trade, un- 
 !tfs by accident. The country behind the; 1 ;j .^ili/ 
 ana V .'odv. Anti Is only famous for the pre. t t;-..n- 
 tily of p,.!in-v ii'.,- it produces, f:-i wl.i--'.i ti.c bla.ks 
 rcfort here from fifteen to twenty league; loiind, and 
 exjirt i' all along the Gold coaft. The fell is icr- 
 ..le .n .leri' , ,ools and fruits, and well ftciekeei v.;;fi 
 gcrt; anil ^o\i'j.r\-. The (loncs here are of a Jjik aiiJ 
 ■ i'..ay colour. I'ho natives hcic arc .-■IHicled with ca- 
 nine appetites, thought to proceed from their drink- 
 ing a fort of palm- wine, called Crifca. 
 
 Sama lies on a hill, watered by the fmall river of 
 St. George, which runs into the fea near its fc^'t. 
 It contains about 200 houfes or c-.ibbins, fo llntcd, as 
 
 I to form three fmall villages together, one of which is 
 juft under the Dutch fort of St. Sebaflian, fo named 
 Sy the Portuguefc, from wh.iin the Dutch took it. 
 the place is populous,' but the inli.ibicant'. tlio pooreft 
 on the-coafi-. They arfalmolt.iil lifhcnncn, ail.i expert 
 in their way. They form a kind ut Kpibli';, go- 
 verned by chiefs called Captains, under the protec- 
 tion of the king of Gavi, whorefidcsto the nortii- 
 eaft, fome leagues from the fea, is very rich, and much 
 cftecmed by his neighbours. 
 
 The Dutch fort at Sama is about the fizc of that 
 at Boutri, very finall, but a little longer ; it has four 
 fmall batteries, and juft as many guns ai at Br.itri. 
 In the wars with England, it was in a manner 
 levelled with the ground, being encon'p.'.lu J only 
 with palifadocs. The Englilh, in coiijumftioii 
 with the Jab blacks, attacked it, but were repulled } 
 ever fincq which, the Dutch have enjoyed it with- 
 out interruption. 
 
 The river Shama, or Rio de St, Juan, is called by 
 thenegros, Bofl'um Pra ; they adoiing it as a god, 
 which the word BofTum fignifics. It waflies the 
 Dutch fort, palltng by the Countries of Jab, Adorn, 
 and JaAer. From thence the ncgros fay it extended 
 itfelf about 400 miles within lantT; it is a fmall mat- 
 ter lefs than the Ancober, but wide enough, and lie's 
 fo that boats loaded may conveniently come into it 
 from the fea, if the pilot be careful to avoid a rock 
 near its mouth, which the failors call the fugar-loaf, 
 otherwife they are in danger of being fplit. This 
 river is very advantageous to the Dutch i for I.cfidcs 
 fupplying their (hips with fre(h water, it rurnilhes! 
 the caftle of El Mina with fuel fur their kiti:hens 
 and ovens; and wood neceflary for fmall (hipping; fo 
 that the fort here is only valuable for its defence of tha 
 river. 
 
 The Dutch, on the unanimous report of the na- 
 tives, that this river came down through countries 
 rich in gold, undertook a difcovery by water, and for 
 that end fent out a floop with fix men well armed. 
 Thirteen days after their departure, they returned, 
 havine rowed twelve days againft a violent ftream, 
 and finding the river choaked with abundance of 
 rocks and (huals under water, and exceeding large ca- 
 taracts. 
 
 Near the mouth lies the fugar-loaf, a dangerous 
 rock, on which (hips have been 'loft for want of care, 
 
 efpctiali/ 
 
100 
 
 VOYAGES TO THE 
 
 f'/'7 
 
 tfpecially in roii£;h weather. Tlinc arc nllo other 
 dangerous rocks about half a league lo (ca, on the 
 coau between this and Boari to the v.vli. The backs 
 of the little territory of Tabcw to the caft, fomcwhat 
 inland, bringing down to Sama Cam-roots, fruit, 
 and poultry. 
 
 'I he country of the Jabs or Yabbah, as the Eng- 
 lifli call it, commences, a little to the caft of fort 
 St. Sibaltian, ami runs a few leagues up to the inland 
 inci along the coaft, to that of Coniniani or Com- 
 mando. It is at prefcnt but a fmall diftriifl, and not 
 very potent, though the firfl kingdom which occurs 
 in defcending from the higher country. 
 
 The village Abrobi is the only remarkable place 
 on the coaft in this country, being fcatid in a bay 
 which terminates at the Cape Aldea dcs Tcrres j Al- 
 dcJ, in Portuguefe fignifying, a village. This vil- 
 lage is divided into two parts, with large plains 
 beiiind it, between the town and the hilly coun- 
 try, which makes the coall appear like double land 
 off at fea. The country abounds in corn and poul- 
 try, but there is not much gold except what is adul- 
 terated. 
 
 The kingdom of Great Commcndo, Commani, 
 AgualFo, or Guatib, borders weft on the lands of Jabs 
 and 'I'obou, north-weft on Adom, north on Abramboe, 
 eafton Uddena, orMina, a little commonwealth be- 
 tween Commcndo and Fetu, and fouth on the occin. 
 It extends about five leagues along the coaft, and is as 
 broad as it is long. In the middle, on the fliore, 
 lies Little Commendo, or Ecki Tccki, as the blacks 
 call it, or as fome Europeans ftile it, having Cape 
 Aldea des Tcrres on the weft, and Ampciii on the call, 
 with fome I'niall hamlets between them. 
 
 This kinedom fojmcily made but one country with 
 Sabii and 1'ctu, and waa called Adofienls, The 
 chief town or rcfidcnct of the king, is CJiiaffo, a 
 large popuhnis village or town of about 400 houfcs, 
 featcd on a hill four leagues up the inland country 
 from Little Commendo. Tiic Dutch called Gunftb, 
 Commendo Grande, to diltinguifti it from the Little 
 Commendo. 
 
 The countries about Dixcove, Saccundl and 
 Commendo, do not produce fuch fine crops of rice, 
 yet they abound with pleafant, fertile valleys, and 
 beautiful woody hills. 
 
 Behind Little Commendo, tlie country riles gra- 
 dually into fmall hills, covered with trees, at the fooi 
 of which are fmall plains curiouflv planted with fruit 
 trees, and thfland exremcly well fnhabitcd by a mar- 
 tial people i fo that the king can raife, on occafion, 
 an army of 20,coo men. His guards ufuully confift 
 of soo. 
 
 Little Coir.mrndo, fo ciUcd by the Enpliftl, French 
 and Dutch, todiftinguilh it from Guafto, named by 
 the fame nations Grc.it Commcndo, is called by the 
 Portuguefe, Aleadcs Tcrres, and by the natives Ecki 
 Tccki. 
 
 Tlus town contained about 400 houfcs, built on 
 the Ibore, and watered by a rivulet, which falling 
 into the fca on the fouth, forms a pretty channel 
 or harbour for canoes. The caft fide is low, the 
 weftern fAcilings into a bill, which being fiat at top, 
 it very convenient for a fort. The land rifes bv de- 
 crees attlic north end of the town (where the houfe 
 formerly belonging to the French ftands) into fmall 
 bills, at whole feet are fine fields and meadows, 
 planted v. ith variety of fruit. 
 
 Little Cumniendo was divided into three parts, 
 Cont.iining together about 150 houfcs ; but moft of it 
 being accidentally burnt, many of the inhabitants 
 moved to Ampeni, about the year 1675. Some parts 
 of the town are (cated on a rivulet, which runs into 
 the fca, forming a (inall h.irbour at the mouth for ca- 
 noes, on the weft fide of u'.i "l is a head, or fmall 
 flat bill; the cafHidc is low land, but the landing 
 difficult, by reafon of the bar. The heft time for 
 going alhore is in the mornin . 
 
 The blacks here arc of a tnrbulen'c temper, deceit- 
 ful and crafty, and great thieves if not well wafckcd. 
 
 They arc cliiefly fifhermfn orbtokcr?, it htinga pluB 
 of confulcrable trade (or gold and (laves, I'V reaion of 
 the Acancz blacks refortiiig here for E'lropean goods. 
 Every morning there come out of thefe am! other 
 places on this coaft, 70 or 80 canoes from each vil- 
 lage, fome a fiftiing, others to trade with tha (h'tyi on 
 the road j and return en ftioie about noon, when the 
 frcfh galti from the fouth-weft begin to blow, thiit 
 they may land without trouble, and have time to dil- 
 pak of their fifh, at Great and Little Commendo, 
 where ihe inland blacks buy it for the country mar- 
 kets, thofe of Grand and Little Commendo are {o 
 well furnifhcd with corn, fruits, (cfnccially bananas) 
 and roots at cheap rates, that tlie Dutch call it the 
 Fruit- market. 
 
 The Englifli fort at Conjmendo was large and qua- 
 drangular, with three fqunre baftions, anil one round ; 
 and within the fort is a large tower, built of ftone and 
 lime. It is featedon a level ground, fifty paces from 
 the fea, between two Dutch forts, bhama to the 
 weft, and Verdenburgh about half a mile to the 
 caft. 
 
 Our .luthor fays, •* Commcndo is the largeft and 
 ftronjjeft fort belonging to ihe Englifh on the Gold 
 Coaff, except Cape Coaft-Caftlc. It was mounted 
 in 1726, with twenty-one guns, though there were 
 ports for al moft as many more. It has the neighbour- 
 hood of a very good Dutch fort within mufqiict 
 (hot, but the chiefs have not always the beft undcr- 
 ftanding together. 
 
 An hn';lifh chief of Mr. Smith's acquaintance, 
 having a little before had (bme difpute with the Dutch 
 chict, was attacked by him unawares under a great tree 
 between the forts, and bravely defended his life by kill- 
 incthe Dutchman. 
 
 The Dutch fort was built by Mr. Swerts, in 1688, 
 called Verdenburgh. It is a fquare building, ftrength- 
 ened with good batteries, on which may be conveni- 
 ently mounted 32 guns, with!.-: fo many ports in the 
 breaft-work ; fixty men may live in it, though at pre- 
 fcnt there are not near fo many, and but twenty guns'. 
 In 1695, the negros attacked it by night, when half 
 of their twenty men were difabled by ficknefs, yet 
 they were obliged to retire with lofs, after a fight of 
 five hours, and loft but two men in the aflion, tho' 
 the ncgroi poured their fmall fhot as thick as hail 
 through the loop holes, which had no doors to them. 
 At lair one of them bcgaii to hack the doors with an 
 axe i but being killed, the reft precipitately fhcared 
 off. 
 
 The general, to whom the Dutchman had notified 
 his weak condition, ordered two fhips to anchor be- 
 fore the fort, to fupply him with men and ammunition. 
 The captain of one of them, the day before the at- 
 tack, for this purpofe fent his boat full of men, but 
 they were no fooner landed, than the negros fell on 
 and killed feveral of them, even under the cannon of 
 the fort. The guns were all found nailed up, in all 
 appearance by the villainy of (he gunner, who was 
 fent in chains to Mina. The general (wore he would 
 punifh himexamplarly i but inftead of that foon fet 
 him at liberty, and preferred him to a better pl.tcc. 
 If the negros hid rhcr. ftorme«l the fort, they were in 
 no pofture of defence; but going to cat, they gave 
 him time to prepare for its fecurity. 
 
 The merchandifcs here arc glafs beads of diveri* 
 colours.' Thofe they divide into leflcr parts, polifh- 
 ing and boring them to fell again i alfo fmall braCs 
 bafbns, bluecloth, and linen of a good breadth, lor 
 which the country people have a great demand : yet 
 here theli: goods are only fold in fmall parcels, fo that 
 on account of the dallies or prcfcnts to brokers and 
 boatmen, this is the worft place on the coaft, el'pe- 
 cially when many Dutch ftiips lie here together. Thi> 
 gold here is often adulterated, cfpccially that called 
 Cracra gold. 
 
 When the Commanians are at war with their neigh- 
 bours, there is Ibnietimes a brifk trade for flaves at 
 Linle Commcndo, the negros felling them quickly 
 off, to prevent the trouble and charge of lubfift- 
 7 '"U 
 
11^ J pl,nB 
 
 y rcaion of 
 can goods. 
 
 anc! other 
 1 each vil- 
 h3 {h'\\i> on 
 
 when iho 
 ilow, thiit 
 mc to dil- 
 'oinmenilo, 
 Jiitry mar- 
 ciulo are {o 
 y bananas) 
 C4ll it the 
 
 ;e and qua- 
 )nc round ; 
 if flone and 
 paces fron 
 ma to the 
 lile to the 
 
 largcft and 
 n the Gold 
 s mounted 
 there were 
 ncighbour- 
 n muCqiict 
 l)cft undcr- 
 
 quaintance, 
 h the Dutch 
 r a great tree 
 life by kill- 
 
 ts, in 1688, 
 ig, ftrength- 
 bc conveni- 
 ports in the 
 3ugh at pre- 
 wenty guns, 
 when half 
 ickneft, yet 
 a fight of 
 iftion, tho' 
 [lick as hail 
 Kjrs to them, 
 ors with an 
 atcly flieared 
 
 had notified 
 Q anchor bc- 
 immunition. 
 fore the at- 
 Df men, but 
 legros fell on 
 ie cannon of 
 cd up, in all 
 er, who was 
 ore he would 
 that foon fet 
 
 better plnce. 
 
 they were in 
 It, they gave 
 
 ids of diver"* 
 parts, pollfti- 
 fo fmall brafs 
 breadth, tor 
 demand : yet 
 Lrctls, fo that 
 brokers and 
 • coart, Kl'pc- 
 ogethcr. Thi" 
 lly that called 
 
 th their ncigh- 
 c for flaves at 
 them quickly 
 ■ge of fubfid ■ 
 ill]; 
 
 lyae.] 
 
 COASTS AND IS L AMDS OF AFRICA. 
 
 Jf/ 
 
 fillin:^ thtrci as li.ipptncd to an Engliih ttup hero 
 not nuiiy years ajjo. 
 
 Thouj^li the ;^i>U trjile is not fo cf'nriil<-rablc at tiiis 
 pl.ici.', as others (in the CDall j y -t tli.' Normans liid 
 a l.ii:ti)ry there, tlie ruins ot' whith the in.j;ros Ihow on 
 a hill to the ndrth. A modern voya.;or rtporis, that 
 llu' kinuol' CummfiMo, who iclitico at Guatti), bcin^ 
 iiitorniul a !• ivnth (hip was in the road, lent the cip- 
 tain a prcl-.nt of retrdhincnts, and :'cquaintcJ him 
 that !iew .iil.l niake no tnatv with aijv LuKijJc.in n.i- 
 tioii, wiiilc he had the Icall luijic the v icnch woulJ 
 filtlu With him. 
 
 l"ne n.iiivts cxprefl'.d a great affcilion for the 
 I'reneh, tii li.iibot. In 1682, iIk king fent him his 
 fti- :u! Ion as an in .l.igt.. It he would come up loCireat 
 C' innienJo to treat abnut fettling in his country. 
 A!: loui'.li at thi . time he h.id rcruieil both the Engliih 
 and Duitli tiie liberty of bulldini; forts here, fiar- 
 beit at his return, piopoCed the matter to the French 
 uiiiiiftry, and advifcd Ainpi-ni as the iiiteil place to 
 build a tort to bridle K! iVlina, lint it does not ap- 
 pt.r Ins repiLCeiituion'- met with .\nj liiccefs. 
 
 In tile year 1(1 j8, M. Du Cafle c.ime on this coaft 
 witli k.iir men of u ar, equipped at Rocht'ort, with a 
 dilijn of making lome leulenunts heie for the Dutch 
 Aiiitan company, el'pecially at Commendo, from the 
 fceiet imitations of tiie natives, who no)icJ to rc- 
 vtii^;e thcmlelvcs on the Dutch. Du Cafle fettled 
 a laclory at Coaimcndo, and proceeded to Alampi and 
 W'hiJah, with the Lime views. Jiut a t'ew monthsaf- 
 ter he U It Commendo by the inllii^ation of the Dutch, 
 a war happening with the Aguafl'os, they were routed, 
 the king killed, and the factory pilla^icil : the French, 
 bcini; w orlled, were oblii^cd to fly for refuge to the 
 Engiifliat Cape Corfo, fince v h'ch they have made 
 no attempt to fettle on this coaft. 
 
 A little farther to the call, lies a-place called Terra 
 Piqiiena or Luri, where the Dutch in 1600 had no 
 tr.ule, on aceoiint of its being too near the cnlUe of 
 Mina. When the Portugueic want any goods, 'hey 
 lend Come people of this town v\itli ^'t\d to Com- 
 mendo, which is but four miles ditlant acrofs the ri- 
 ver, to buy them from the Dutch. 
 
 The villaije of Lari is inconfiderable as well as 
 Ampi-ni. Tliis laft is the rcfidence of one Cuc.imi, 
 a Commendo black, who was lent by the king of CJ real 
 Commeiiilo as his envoy to the king of !• ranee, in 
 1671, to invite him to fend over and build a fort in 
 his country, the Commaninns having been loni? dif- 
 gulKd with the arbitrary behaviour of the Dutch at 
 £1 Mina, who had often made depredations bv feaon 
 thcin, and burn: the villages on the coail, not liaring 
 to enter farther up the country. 
 
 The war of Commendo made a great change in the 
 Dutch affairs. This place was in a flourifliing con- 
 dition, when, by the ill conduft of the Dutch, the 
 Conmianians grew difcontented, and ready to break 
 out into an open war. It w.is prevented for a time 
 by the governor of El Mina's fervant, brother to the 
 king of Commani, who having been afterwards dif- 
 niliied, and ill-treated befides, the Commanians foon 
 found a pretence to come to a rupture ; for in 1694., 
 fome miners fent from Europe, were cdered to make 
 an jfl'ay at a hill in Commani, about two miles above 
 fort Vicdeiibuifih. This gave oflence to the rtegros, 
 who pretended it was dedicated to one of their gods; 
 and in a few days, when the miners fiifpedled no- 
 thing, they afl'iulted and robbed them of all they had ; 
 thole who were not nimble enough to get away, hav- 
 ing been kept prifoners fome time. 
 
 The Dutch complained of this ill ufage to the king 
 of Ci-mmaiii, who protcfting innocence, laid the 
 blame upon one John Cabes, a negro, who lived near 
 theii- fort, and with whom they had a conli'lerablc 
 trade, alkdging, that he had done it in revenge of 
 the ill tre.itmenthe had met with from a former go- 
 vernor. This was plainly a falAty, for Cabes was an 
 arrant coward. However, the Dutch governor of 
 Kl Mina, without farther enquiry, marched into 
 Cnmmaniu with fome foKcs, in order to take fatisfac- 
 VoL. I. No, 43. 
 
 tinn of Joliii Cabe-i. Upon his atriv.il ^•. je! n's 
 vill.i^e, the hitter cam'' I. 'ii to meet him, ( ..■iil'.i.;; a 
 lli.ep Inr a profedt^ and totlear liimlMf ot tne c' ,'.::ei 
 but leein^ the Itik Mina lorccs fall upon hi« goods 
 w iihout anv warning, he put himlelf in a poUu'e. of 
 defence, and liime 011 both fid.s were loui'.e y b ;t'en. 
 After this, thiir aft.iirs ran into confulion. J'hn 
 Cibes, to revenge tlie injury, invited the Engliih 
 into Commani. He full ;.';ave them a dwelling in one 
 of fiis flit pans, about four miles from the D'jtcU 
 fort; and loon after fettled ther- in tin- old ruined 
 fort they formerly poflcfled. I'he i'.iif;li(h were af- 
 terwards well fortified there. This neiglib 'Urhood of 
 the Engliih had done great damage to their trade, 
 which might have been ealily prevented, if the gene- 
 ral had not been fo fiery and eager for war, in h' pe< 
 to have got as much honour as .\lr. Swcris did in 
 1687, who entirely fubducd the Cuinmar.i.iiis, I'ftcr 
 they had loft their king, and fcveral of the greatclt 
 men in the kin<;dom. 
 
 The general had prudently enough hired an army 
 of Jufter and Cabcfterra blacks, for let's than five 
 thouland pounds llerliiig, which wa-i twice a> llrong 
 a, th.i of Commani ; but imprudently threatening to 
 pay thofc of Fantin and Sabu a vifir, after he had 
 chaftifed the Commanians, they joined the latter, and 
 overthrew the Dutch, who lolt all their auxiliaries, 
 and were fo reduced, that they would never have been 
 able to make anv frefli attempt, if the negros had not 
 f.illen out among themlilves. By thelu means the 
 king's brother, Tccki Ancan, the piel'ent king of 
 Commani, came over to the Dutch with the blacks 
 of Adom and other auxiliaries. This brought them 
 into a Iccond engagement, in which the victory was 
 long dubious ; at laft it feemed to incline to the 
 Dutch fofar. that their army fell greedily to plunder. 
 
 This being oblerved by ,\.hc Tecki, thcCommanian 
 king, (who-cxcelled all his countrymen in valour aS 
 well as conducf, and laid this bait) h'.- marched to- 
 wards them with frelh forces; but to deceive them, 
 had their mufquets turned the wrong way ; arcord- 
 inglv, the Dutch taking them for friends, continued 
 plundering, till the king coming up, his men turned 
 their mufquets, and tirrd fobrilkly upon them, that 
 thev left their prey, and ikd to fave their lives, yield- 
 ing the Commanians a lecond complete vidlory. 
 
 Fhat general's fucceftors prevailed on the Comma- 
 nians not only to make good the damage the Dutch 
 had fuftained in the war, but alfo to enter into an al- 
 liance with them ; but the Englifh knowing this tended 
 them no good, infinuated to the king, that confnUr- 
 ing his two vie'forics, and their weak condition, he 
 ought rather to expecl fatisfaction of the Dutch j 
 ..idding, that he was then ftrong enough to make them 
 purchale a peace on his own terms ; that they would 
 make his caufe their own, and affill him with proper 
 nccelFarics. The king cafily liftening to this advice, 
 renewed his old coutfe, and did as much mifchlef as 
 ever. ■ 
 
 The Dutch at firft made ufe of fair means, but 
 finding it only made him more outrageous, thev treated 
 with the Fantin blacks, at that time their friends, 
 who in confideration of three hundred pounds ftcr- 
 ling, ftipulated to light the Commanians till they 
 were utterly extirpated. 
 
 Fhc l.)iitch now thought themfclves fecure, daily 
 expecting the Fantins would take the field ; but here 
 the Engliih again b?trtcd their dclign ; one of their 
 governors, going from C.ipc Corfe to Fantin, pre- 
 vailed with that people, for cxai^ly the fame fum gi- 
 ven them before by the Dutch, to Hand neuter, which 
 being oppofed only by the Braffo, they foon dil'patchcJ 
 him, fubliituting anotlier in his room. 
 
 The Commanians now began to infult them more 
 than ever ; to remedy which, the Dutch agreed ith 
 the Adom blacks for lefs than five hundred pounds to 
 afliftthem; but thev falling out about the divifion of 
 the money, as well as ihol'e of Acani and Cabellcrr.;, 
 (who had alfo contrae'lcd to join the others) rone of 
 them wcnild ftir. Thus balHed, the Dutch caft their 
 N laiV 
 
so* 
 
 VOYAGES TO THE 
 
 [•^7 
 
 if 
 
 li 
 
 lift anchor, uni cohtra<ftc>l with the Dinkira blacks 
 for 800 (louiids to tnke their part : but ihry tailing 
 into a war with their near iivighboursj were obliged 
 to neglcdl ihcii .igrccmciit to dctetxl their own country } 
 however they were h hnnvll as to return the money, 
 excepting a little tlic nicfii-nger kept. I'hc Dutch 
 alfo got back the greater part of what thw had given 
 the AJom negros ; but that which ihofc ol Fantin had, 
 could never be recorered. 
 
 They muft now infallibly have begged a peace of 
 the Commahians, had not a critical accident helped 
 them to a more honourable conclufton. The before 
 mentioned brother of the king of Comment had, 
 (for fome villainy, as it was reported) together with 
 hi? wife and children, been (int as flavcslo Surinam 
 by the former governor i but having been declared 
 free by the company, were brought hither again. 
 Upon his arrival, the Dutch employed him to found 
 his brother ; who fimling him inclined to pence, they 
 concluded one upon very honourable and good terms: 
 but they had no tiooner began to relifti the fvtcels of 
 their new tranquillity, when the Enelifh, for what 
 rcnfon is not certainly known, difpatched the 
 kiijg. 
 
 This a(f<ion broutjht on a Threat change of afFairs 
 on thccoaft. I'hcCoinmaniansbecamclnveterateene- 
 miet to the Englifti, rcfolving at any rate to revenge 
 their king's death, Terki Ancan, on the contrary, 
 having had a hand in his brother's murder, fled 
 from the Dutch, and agreed with the Englifh, to fall 
 on the Comifianians the firft opportunity. The 
 Dutch were invited to join them, but refufea, having 
 found war fatal to their commerce : however, they 
 went on with their dciign, hiring the negros of Sabu, 
 Acani, and Cibertcrra ; with which auxilarie;, 
 Tic'<i Ar.c.in cniji!;id the Commanians} but with 
 tour times the number of men, was totally routed. 
 The Commanirtifi owed this fignal vidtory to their 
 general, Anio Tecki. 
 
 Not'jvithltanJini; the ftrii^ neutrality of the Dutch, 
 the negro gcncr.il Itnt a civil fiK-llicie to their governor, 
 together wit l> fevcral <l;ii!ls of iiis vanquifned foes, 
 in token, that he had rcblvid to live and die in fhe 
 fcrvice of the Hollander?-. This melHrnger was dif- 
 miflcd with thanks and prcfcnts to the general. 
 
 The Dutch had here a fair opportunity to obftru.5t 
 the Englilh and refcnt their farmer injuries, by 
 quitting Tecki Ancan, and joining the Commanians 
 againft them. But, infteaJ of this, the governor 
 hflenii>g to one Akim, a broker, a great villain, 
 though liis favourite, who continually buzzed ftories 
 into his ears againfi the Commanians, behaved fo as 
 to provoke them to oft'er the Dutch fome injuries. 
 This was what Akim wanted, as furniftiing him with 
 new arguments for beginning a war againft them ; in 
 which he fucceeded fo well, that the governor, with- 
 out conlulting or imparting it to the council, refolved 
 to attack the people of Fttu, fiibje<ft to the Comma- 
 nians, when they came, under the protcflion of the 
 Dutch, to market with their goods. Accordingly, 
 this was barharouflv put in execution, and they robbed 
 them of all they brought, fome being killed, and eighty 
 made prifoncrs. 
 
 The pretence for this proceeding was, that the 
 Fctu blacks had murdered f-^mc women of El Mina, 
 as they were pafling by them : but they gave folcmn 
 aduranccs of their being innocent, and repaired to 
 market, as ufual, unarmed. The murder was more 
 likely committed, bv the contrivance and order of 
 Akim himfelf, and Tecki Ancan, to fcrve their 
 purpofes. However, the gentlemen of the council 
 were not willing to dilbover their fentiment<, bccaufe 
 the blame mud have fallen on Akim, who might re- 
 venge himfelf on them. 
 
 By thefc pr-iiliccs, the Dutch trade at El Mina 
 was atonceftiflcd, and the Commanians and Fctuans 
 became their profcfled enemies. This (b animated the 
 Kn^'lHh, that, inftead of making peace with the Sabu 
 blacks, the ftronger of the two, they ftrengthencd 
 thcmi'elves to the utmoft, and once mure engaged the 
 7 
 
 Commanians. Thtfe, with their fmall forces, be- 
 haved fo well, that they had certainly have got the 
 day, had not their general been wounded, and forced 
 10 retire ) which fo confounded them, that they fled 
 in great diforder, leaving I'ecki Ancan and his fol- 
 loweis an entire viflorv ; the general and fevcral 
 principal men being killed or taken prifonert. By 
 this fuccefs, Tecki Ancan became king of Commani t 
 and the Dutch reaped fome (hare of the advantage by 
 it a« well as the Englifli. 
 
 The kingdom of Fctu, or Afuto, as it it called by 
 Vafconccllas, or Fetow, by the Englilh, borders, to 
 the weft, on the river 'Bcnja and the countryof Com- 
 mendo. north on Atti, eaft on Sabu, ending below 
 the Danifti Mount of Manfrow, and fouth on the 
 ocean. The kingdom is elective, and the chi«£ 
 town Fetu, is far up the country. 
 
 Feiu is 160 miles long, and about as many breads 
 beginning with the hill St. Jago, or the Salt River, 
 and ending below the Danifli Mount, paffing bf 
 Cape Cor(e. 
 
 This country, fayj ouf author, wa» formerly fo 
 ponerful and populous, that it ftruck terror into all 
 its itcighbours, ef|)ecialiy that of Commani, fubjed 
 to it. But it is at pre<ent fo drained by coniinual 
 wars, that it it entirely ruined ; and neither the king 
 nor his nobles, dare ftir without leave from him of 
 Commani. This havock was owing to their diyifion 
 in the laft wars ; part fiding with the Commanians, 
 and part with the Dutch. Whence they fuffered a 
 double lof$, and were very much diminflicd in the laft 
 battle : fo that not enough remained to till the coun-x 
 try, which for fertility and picafantnefs, might be 
 compared to Anta. Before the laft wars, it abounded 
 with fine, wdl built, and populous towns, enriched 
 with large fields of corn and cattle, palm wine, and 
 oil, I'he beautiful, tall ees on the hills, and in 
 the valleys, and the frefh .vert in the country, do 
 not a little adorn, and render it a fit fituation for the 
 chief fettlcmenis of the Dutch and Englifli. The 
 inhabitant! moftly apply thenifeUef, without dif- 
 tinifiion, to agriculture, fome to fifliing and boiling 
 of fait ; and others to trade on their own account, 
 or as brokers for the inland blacks. 
 
 The cou.iTics about El Mina, and Cape Corfo, 
 are much the fame for beauty and goodnefs, but 
 more populous, and the nearer towards the flavc 
 coaft, the more delightful and rich the foil 
 appears. 
 
 Twelve miles below Vredenburg, is the village 
 or town of £1 Mina, or MiiK : but as no gold mines 
 arc found within feveral miles about it, thePortuguefe 
 probably gave it that name, bccaufe they met hera 
 with a great affluence of tf old from all parts. 
 
 The natives call it OcMena 1 it ii very long, and 
 indifferent broad. The houfes are built with rock 
 ftone, in which itdiffert from all other places, where 
 they are ufually made of cUy, or of wood. About 
 1684, it was very populout, and much ftronger thai> 
 at prefcnt ; the inhabitants being then very terrible to 
 all the negros on the coaft : but abont fifteen yeart 
 paft, the fmall pox fwept away fo many, and fincc 
 thrti, the Commanian wars, together with the 
 tyrannical government of fome of theif generalt* 
 whereby they have been fo miferably depopwlated, and 
 impoveriflied, that it is hardly credible how wrak it 
 is at prefent, (1701) it not being able to furnifli out 
 fifty armed men, without the help of the European 
 fervants ; and there is no place upon the whole Gold 
 Coaft without fome of the negros of El Mina: for 
 feveral, who were friends to the Commanians, fled 
 to them, but moil of them from the tyranny of their 
 governors, and the above mentioned Akim. 
 
 The Mina blacks are handfome, lufty, firong men, 
 of a martial fpirit, and the moft civilized on the Gold 
 Coaft, from their long correfpondence with the Eu- 
 ropeans. They drive a good trade along the Gold 
 Coaft, and to Whidah, by fea. They are alfo dex- 
 terous at debating of gold, a trade they learned from 
 the Portuguefe. Some of them are very ingenious in 
 
 (hti 
 
COASTS ANb ISLANDS OP AFRICA; 
 
 men. 
 Gold 
 : Eu> 
 GulJ 
 }dcx- 
 from 
 out in 
 (hci 
 
 the golJIimih'J »r*, making; oniamtnH and toys 6f 
 eoKl, a^ buKoiiji, plain, or in fille;;rcen ; curious hat- 
 b.inils inid fword hilts, with niaity uthcr curiodties. 
 They are :<.Ua great artills in melting glafs ot all forti; 
 info f-j^ures. 
 
 The river Benja run* inward towards the country 
 for nhout two mill's, the water of which is I'.ilter than 
 the f.iltoft brine, or pickle, in very dry fcafons : but 
 in the months of May and June, in tlie r^iny feafonj 
 it is as frcfh as frefh watir. At thofe times the 
 frcfhes fall from the circumjacent hills, as fwiftly as 
 ■ tide runs in from the feai fo that tliis place is very 
 convenient for water-mills, fince the itrcam would 
 eaniy turn one. 
 
 'I he caftle of El Mina, already mentioncdj is 
 ftfong, and well Tituatcd for proticting tra-.le, lying 
 near the centre of the Gold Coall, and the countiy 
 near it abounding with cattle and fruits. The natu- 
 ral pofition of it is ftrong, being huilt on a rock, 
 wafhed on one fide by the lea, towards which it has 
 bulwarks. It hasalfo twomore tothe land fldct but 
 not lb ttrong, there being lefi dang<T of an attack 
 from that quarter. Both the caftle itfelf and out- 
 work: arc of (tone, neatly builf. Towards the fca 
 the wall is lower, it bcin^dcfiiided by the ftecp rocks 
 on which it is founded. Thofe to the land fide are 
 high, a fpace being left to walk round the caftle, 
 which is near as big as that of Rammekins in Zee- 
 land. The walls are encompaflVd with a deep ditch, 
 dry towards the land, but the part next the fea full of 
 water. The eaft part being deepenough to admit barks. 
 
 The c.lftle has two gates, one on the eaft flde, the 
 other on the weft, of which, the latter is the largcft 
 and mod beautiful. It has a draw-bridce, over which 
 is a (lone building, or tower, wncrein is the 
 governor's apartment. The caft gate, which is next 
 the cuftom-huufc, ferves chiefly for importing or ex- 
 porting of goods. In the centre of the caftle is a large 
 arc.?, or Iquare, adorned with a new ch'.nh. Their 
 church ftood formerly on an eminence v ithout the 
 walls; but, in I$a6, one Charles Hutfor thrcatning 
 to beflcgc the caftle, they demoliflied it, and built 
 one in the fquare, more out of harm's way, 
 
 The Portugaele bear this climate much better than 
 the Dutch, which is owing to their temperance, 
 and taking care of themfelves i but the women fcldom 
 live longlierc, being fubjefl to difeafest which foon 
 camr them o(F. 
 
 The Dutch officers and fervants in this fettlcment 
 are, firft, the foldicrs with their commanders, out of 
 which, formerly, the beft qualified for merchandifr 
 and the pen, were chofen to fcrve the company as 
 afliftants : but through the mifcondu£l of one, who 
 had advanced himfelf to nimoft the higheftpoft here, 
 the companv have ordered, that for the future, no 
 foldiers fliall be preferred to aftiftants places. Though 
 his office is the lotveft among thofe concerned in trade 
 or writing, the falary appointed for this fervicc is 
 fixtcen guilders per month, and twenty more for 
 board wages. His firfl ftep to preferment, is that of 
 under commilTary, or under fa£lor, with a falary of 
 twenty guilders per month. By thefe fub-fadlors 
 moft of the gold is received, for which they are ac- 
 countable to the chief fa^or, or him to whom the 
 trade ot' the place is entrufted in chief, who is alio 
 accountable to the company ; the general accounts of 
 the whole coaft being kept at El Mina, where there 
 k alfo a warehoufe keeper, who has all wet goods, as 
 wine, beer, or brandy, &c. and all edibles, as flefli, 
 beans, peas, and oats, under his keeping, and is 
 intrufted with the fale of them : fo that when a h&OT 
 obferves his fub-fai3or, or warehoufe-keepcr, in 
 clincd to cxtrav.igancies, he muft watch him very 
 narrowly, fince the fa^or is obliged to make good all 
 that is wafted by his deputies. 
 
 Out of the under commiflaries, are chofen faAors, 
 to rcftde at, and ommand the forts^ and take care of 
 the trade there, with a falary of thirty-fix guilders, 
 bcfidcs an allowance of ten guilders for a fervaat 
 or twOf. and twenty guilders board wages per month 
 
 Scfj 
 
 The oldeft and moft experienced of thefe faAors is 
 ^(Thioved to Mowri, or Cormantin, with a ("alary of 
 eighty guilders per month, if his clttlion here be 
 coniirmcd hy the company ; who, not without good 
 reafonj have rcferyed the (applying thefe important 
 pofts to themfelves, as well as that of the chief faftor 
 at El Mina. or the fecund pcrlon on the coaft, who 
 has a falary of too guilders per month. ThcCe chief 
 factors have alfu the fame advance on mcrchandidc, 
 and board wages as the other factors have : bcfidcs 
 which j the fccond pcrfon has ten guilders per montll 
 allowed for .T fervantj and th« general'^, or goveinor- 
 genr'r:i''s table is at his I'ervice. 
 
 'I'he chief f:iiilor of El iVlina having ferved that 
 office failjfaiSory three years, has a gtJod chance for 
 the governor-gcnerars place, when it btcomts vacant. 
 '1 his is the higheft port, having the coir.pany's »u- 
 thi':i(y over the whole coaft, of which the pcrfon iit 
 it is diiedlor-generalj with a falary of 300 guilder* 
 per month, and a hirgc perquifite advantage in all 
 the company trades for, on the whole coall : fo that 
 in time of good t.adc, his poft is very advantageous. 
 Bcfides iht officers emplovvd in trade, arc tht 
 following ; firft, the chief fil'cal, wliofe falary LI 
 fifty guilders per month, and ten guilders (bra (erv ant, 
 bcfides the liberty of the general's tsblc. Though 
 his falary feems (mall, his peiquifites are large, if he 
 be diligent ; for all the gold, or commodities, unlaw- 
 fully traded for on the coaft is forftitcil, of which his 
 (hare is one third, be the goods an European's or a 
 negro's i befidcs one third of the fines fet upon the 
 latter, and the forfi:iture of wages infliAed on any 
 offending officers or fervants, by the governor and 
 council i all which together amount to a confiderable 
 fum. 
 
 Next the fifcal, the book-keeper-general take* 
 place i whofe province is to keep the great books) 
 and the counter parts of the accounts of all the forts 
 and lodges, or, in fhort, to take care of all the com- 
 pany's accounts in this country. His falary is feventjr 
 guilders, befides ten more per month for his fervants { 
 and^r a free table, he is allowed twenty-five guilders 
 advance. He is generally aflifted by an under book- 
 keeper, whofe falary is thirty guilders per months 
 and two afliftants. Next him) is the book-keeper of 
 the gnrrifon, whofe falary, equal to a fub-faaor's^ 
 is twenty-four guilders, though faflors have thirty- 
 fix : foto make amends, he has the power of felling 
 by au£lion, the effedls of all perfons who I'ie on the 
 coaft, for which he is allowed five per cr it. He is 
 alfo commonly helped by an affiftant. .Sometimes 
 here is likcwife a fecrctary, whofe '' ..ry is fifteen 
 guilders per month, and under him tie has three or 
 four affiftants. 
 
 The laft office is that of under fifca], commonly 
 called by the reft, auditor. His falary is twenty 
 guilders per month, and to his (bare falls alfo one tenth 
 of all forlvitures. 
 
 In fpirituality, they have only a minifter, with a 
 falary of 100 guilders, and a clarL with one of twenty, 
 per month, bcfides which, the firft has teu guilder* 
 per month allowed for a fcrvant, and a place at th« 
 governor's table. 
 
 As there arc not upon the wholecoaft, fixty perfont 
 in all, one third of which are affiftants, thefe if they 
 behave well, cannot mil's of being prclcrrcd to a good 
 poft. 
 
 The government is principally vefted in the di- 
 reilor-gcneral, as the fupreme ruler j from whom 
 all governors of the out-forts receive their orders, 
 without which they cannot tranfaA any important 
 affairs. But difficult affairs, or thofe of effential 
 importance, are cognizable by, and ought to be laid 
 before the aflembly of councellors, or council 
 compofed of, viz. ths dircilor-general, the fifcal, 
 fin all other things bcfidcs criminal cafes) Ithe chief 
 tailors, the enfign, or ftandard bearer, the ac- 
 comptant-general, whojointly make up thecoiuicil : 
 to which are added, the factors of the out-forts, or 
 councellors, occafional or extraordinary. 
 \ In 
 
5 --4 
 
 V O Y A C E S I T O t M ft V» "> 
 
 r'7»7 
 
 111 tlui council every man ha» the privilege of vo- 
 tiii ; ami >Kb.itiii ; iKxIy ; but .IS ilic ilircCtur-gtiKrul 
 h.is .111 .uliitjary jDwer in all alVaiis on the coall, aiul 
 can vliKli ir_;i: ..Ilk DiKcor, anil I'liid liiiii iitJ" the toad, 
 without .illijiiiii^, till! load rcalbii Cor it, thcrtforc all 
 the icit with cinuiiirpcdion watch his eye, and bc- 
 li.ivi' aixiir.iiii.'lv. 
 
 'I'lii. little kiifjilom of FlIii has fi'vcial villages or 
 tinvii» on thj k'aiu.ill, thi' chief whfrei.-f in (Jcgwa, 
 at Ca,)r Coifj, wliich liei>iii the latituJe of four dc- 
 i;n.vs lolly iiiiio iiiiiiutis, north, and is famous for 
 the li autijiil calllc tli.- Knglilli have tlari-'. 
 
 Thi-i to.vii lies on a riini; ground, defended by a 
 larje lock, i.n which the waves break Co violently, 
 it may be li aid a gr.at way oft". It contains above 
 live bundled lioufes, and is divided by narrow, crooked 
 l.iii^^, aluiijj [he defcent, ajipeaiing like an amphi- 
 tlu itie from the coalt. It i.s governed by a Bralio, 
 and one t irilliii a cabofliir, and lies wholly under the 
 conmiandof the caftlc guns. 
 
 I'lii-ir houfes arc built of niuil, kept clean, and 
 many uf thcin furnifhcd with chairs or ftools, good 
 inais t.) lio uj) 111, earthen pot and pan?, and feveral 
 th-iii'^es of tomis. 
 
 I'he town is noted for the plentiful niaikct held 
 every day, of all forts of provifions, brought from 
 the c.i.i.ury, as alfo of confidorable quantities of 
 },oid, iiuniFetu, Abrambo, Afiento, and even M.iii- 
 din"o. 
 
 T'lie town of Oegwa was formerly well peopled, 
 but this, as well as all the others, has futtlrcd very 
 uuK'h in theCoinmanian war; befides that, the mul- 
 tiplicity of Englilh interlopers hath continually (Iripl 
 it of its inhabitants i for, when they call here, they 
 always carry fomc of them to Whidah. They give 
 ii.iincs to their children molHy by the days of the week 
 they arc born on ; Quaflii Yeday, Kuujo, or Sunday- 
 Monday, Tucfday ; and at Manliood, change it to 
 foinethiii.; expreilive of llieir difpoOtion; Aquerro 
 Okliii, Yokali, 'I'itwi, tliat is like a parrot, lion, 
 orsvoir, J?;:. The fame th.'y do by white men, im- 
 pcfini^a name of their own chufing. 
 
 TUty are of a warlike difpofition, though in time 
 of peace, tlicir chi f employment is tilhing. At 
 this th.-y are very dexterous, efpecially with a call 
 ne-t, nor aie t'.icv lefs acquainted with the hook and 
 line for i;:,rouiKl tirti. I'hey go a fifliiiifj every day 
 during tlie Jryfcfoii, except Tuefday, which is theii 
 fetidi d.iy, or day of rell. They frequently venture 
 abioad in the lains, tliough tliey arc fometimes dri- 
 ven in .igaiii at the- approach of a tornado, before they 
 have been two hours .ibroad. 
 
 Cab.iC'oii'o, as the Portuguefe call it, and Cape 
 Cor'', or Colli, as the Englidi have corrupted it, is 
 formed by tie Ihore jutting out a little, and making 
 an angle, whole fouth and eaft fid.s are waflied by the 
 fea. About nine miles to the caft of LI Miiia, on 
 tliisc.ip', is li:iiated the KngliPa fort called Cape 
 Coail Culllc, b:ina an irregular fquare, two of whofe 
 fides lie along t!ie Jhore. 
 
 This is the principal fort and factory of the Eng- 
 lidi company to which their fliips continually refoit i 
 and here they rereive orders uither by themfelves or 
 with fupurcar^;0!, where ellc to proceed. 
 
 The walls of Cape Coaft Cjlileare high and thick, 
 efpeeially on the land fide, part thereof being of ruck 
 (lone, and part of large bricks, which the Englilh 
 make at fome diftancc from the pljce. The height of 
 the walls is theflrength of this fort, fiiflieient againll 
 any negro power ; as they lately exp rienccd in an at- 
 tack the Fantins made upon the cillle's dependants, 
 who found their feeurity under the walL. 
 
 The parade within, which is twenty feet perpcndi- 
 culjr above the furfacc of the ■ rock, forms a kind of 
 qiudrangie, being open on the caft fide to the fea, 
 wh ch ni«kes it airy, coo! and pleafant, affording a 
 ftnc ptofpeii.1 of Qiieeii Ann's I'oint, and the fhips 
 in Anamaboe road. On this platform are thirteen 
 pieces of heavy cannon. The other three fides of the 
 i'quarc are cuiioully bulk up, contuininir many beau- 
 
 tiful, fpaeious, neat apartments and offices} parti- 
 cularly on the fouth-fide, a large, well built chapel, 
 the back part of which joins to the calllc wall, hav- 
 iiig the great body of the rock, culltd 'J"abora, on the 
 fi>le of it, whirh not only feives to break off the vi- 
 olence ot the lea, but is a good defence againft an 
 enemy on that fide. 
 
 'I his callle has four flankers. The thirteen piecii 
 of cannon on the platform, which arc eight poundeis, 
 command the road and paffage up to it ; and the fuuiU 
 arms fcour all the landing places behind the rocks 
 which enconipafs it. On the battlement are ten guns', 
 and twenty-five on the flankers, from a million tu 
 nine poiimliis. On the rock rabora,.lvvcnty paces 
 Ironi the callli-, are four or fix twelve pounders, in a 
 round tower, which ferves to keep the blacks of tho 
 town in awe, though otherwifo it fecms ufeltfi, thq 
 caflle being fo high, that its cannon can both fuffici- 
 ently proteift or command the town. 
 
 '1 his calUe makes a handfome profpeifl from tho 
 fci, and is a very regular, and well-conlhucted for- 
 tification, being as llrong as it can be well made. 
 At the entrance is a well-fecured and large gate facing 
 the town, and within which, is a I'quare, where four 
 or five hundred men may very convenieutly be clrawi^ 
 up and exeicifed. Its four flankers have a covered 
 communication with each other ; and over the tanic 
 is a noble battery of fifteen whole culveri.n and dcnii 
 cannon, lying low, and pointing upon the road which 
 it commands. 
 
 Our author obfcrvcs, that the caftle mounts alto- 
 gethci forty pieces of heavy cannon i and about ico 
 white men in gurrifon. 
 
 I This garrilon hath a military land ofKccr to dif- 
 cipliiifi and command them under the Agento. He is 
 the lieutenant of the caftle, but goes by the title of 
 Captain. Every night at eight o'clock the gate is 
 fliut, where he appoints a good guaid, and comes 
 to the agent or meichant for tne word. 
 
 The natural fituation is on a round head jutting 
 out into the fea tu the fuuth Ibuth-caft, iind its beinj^ 
 encompaffed on that fide, and the fouth-weft by feve- 
 ral rocks, and the fea itfelf lender it inaccoflihle on that 
 fide, the waves of the ocean continually hieakinj on 
 thofe rocks. There being but one long faiuly beacli 
 to land forces, where one hundred men could ealily 
 repulfe a thoufand i and that if the fort could hold 
 out three days, the army would want provifions, it 
 being eafy to (lop all the pallcs, and cut the men off 
 from frefli water. 
 
 Yet notwithftanding thcfc advantages, this caflle 
 is not altogether fecurcd againft an enemy. The 
 three great h'lls which lie near it to the north-weft 
 and north-eall of the town, are no lefs inconvenient 
 to it, than the Danifh moun( was, before it came into 
 the company's polieflion, for there batteries might be 
 cafily ereifted to reduce it by any nation who were 
 mailers of the blacks and their country. For this 
 rcafon the Englifli make it their bufinefs to keep them 
 in their interefl by prefens, befides a monthly funi 
 paid the king of Fetu for the privilcd^e of the caflle. 
 
 The lodgings and apartments within the caftle 
 arc very large, and well built of brick, having three 
 fronts. 
 
 The agents and f.ii^lors have genteel convenient 
 lodgings, and there aie no better barracks any where. 
 They lodge two in a room, and receive their pay duly 
 once a week in goh] duft. 
 
 There is one fpaeious warehoufe,^nd feveral finaller 
 ones ; a convenient trunk or place for the flavcs to 
 live in by theiufelves i a good forge, with fmiths to 
 make iron-eoik i a I'rgc kitchen to drefs the pi ovi- 
 fions the faflors keepin^< a very plentiful table ; but 
 they eat only twice a day, .-,t ten in the morning and 
 four in the cvenTlii^. There are feldom fewer than 
 fixtetn at their table, which, as our author vtas af- 
 fured, flood the company fome years fiom twelve to 
 fourteen thoufand pounds. 
 
 The general's lodging communicates with the cha- 
 pel, u capacious hall, which ferves to preach and dine 
 
• ;«7] 
 
 COASTS AND I S r, A N 1) S OF AFRICA. 
 
 5"! 
 
 Lil jutting 
 
 its being 
 
 by fcvc- 
 
 on that 
 
 akin; on 
 
 ly licLidi 
 
 allly 
 
 Id holJ 
 
 ons, it 
 
 men oft' 
 
 ,1 finaller 
 flavcs to 
 fmiths to 
 
 he piovi- 
 blc i but 
 ning and 
 wcr th;iii 
 ar was a(- 
 twclve tu 
 
 I the chs- 
 
 i and liine 
 
 in: 
 
 in i hence l\ity on ofcr-huik what the rottipany's 
 Icivaiitsaic about. A ciinoiiMi lUiivid l)jlc()n) niii. 
 al.iir^ ilu' buildinjjMJl iiic tiill lliin, wiili hiiiidlnnii 
 Itaiiialcson the omliili, ai critinn ilillanct-j un laih 
 Imnt, lor u coinn\ui\u-.mii \ liotwicn chi' hnlpin;;* "I 
 tf\f :;.irrilon. Unilci thcli h lioniis .iri. I'lvtr.il llin)' . 
 NcM iht agcntS ap.iitiniMt n a hin;<i fiattly hall. 
 'I liiru arc alio Ipacioun Itorc-hoiili.^, and con.ptinp;- 
 houlirs tor the t.icfurs .iiid oihtr cffictrs. 
 
 In ill' callle is kipt a lUiuui to tiach the litth- black 
 thildiin of the town to rc.nl and writi , m order 
 10 j)rep:irc them to be eliriftlans : but tlic l.'.bnur is 
 loll, fur their paiciils will never give their conlent. 
 
 Near the great ^ate isadunj;eon for the eniilinc- 
 mciit of murderers, tr.\ii(irs, and fuch niaUtJcti>r.s 
 till an opportunity prefcnts of I'eiiJ.ng them tu 
 Kn(;land to be tried. 
 
 Under the ft|uare, or pl.ice of arms, isafpneious 
 vault, having an iron }>rate at the fiirfaci, to kt in 
 liuht and air on the llaves, ch.tined and cunhned here, 
 till a demand comes fur thcni. 
 
 Under the battery is a curioui tank, or ciftcrn, 
 containing 400 ton<;. It is a long fquare cut out of 
 a rock, and terrallul over, with a convenient pair of 
 Hairs down to it. This tank, which is filhd every 
 rain, fupplies not only the calHc with water all the 
 year, but fre(|uciitly the company's fliips. The 
 method of filling it is thus : there b.iiig many chan- 
 nels m.ide from the cadle to the tank, as loon :is it 
 bii^ins Co rain, the bainbay, (an officer fo called) 
 makes the negro flavcs liop all the pnM'a^cs of the 
 channels, and then Iwcep the calilc very clean. After 
 which, he opens the channels into the t.ink, where 
 the clear water runs in threat quunlities, the rains 
 liere being generally in long, ami heavy Ihowers. 
 Upon this tank, which is ftionj;ly arched over, there 
 is a mod delightful walk by the aforefaid battery. 
 
 The only laniling plac; is jull under the fortrels, 
 in a fmall bay to the eaft, where theltranil is clear of 
 locks, being a f.iiuly flat, on which the bh.cks run 
 tiicir canoes without danger. The way thence lics 
 alon^ the caftio walls to the principal gate, luokini; 
 weU-north-well, up the coiintry. It has neither 
 ditch nor draw-bridge before it, nor fo much as a 
 portcullis i being only defended by the two round 
 flankers on the land fide, and a low, fmall battery of 
 fix guns. 
 
 'j'he anchoring place is two miles from the fliore, 
 where Agent Grrenhill, in the year i6(iO, made 
 frequent obfcrvation, that the variation w.is twenty 
 degrees fourteen fcconds, well. It generally flows 
 here fouth-fouth-eaft, and north-north-wtit upon 
 the full and change. 7'hc water upon ipring tide, 
 riles fix or feven feet. 
 
 The callle expetfis to be faluted by nil fliips that 
 anchor in (he road of Cape Coife, not by firing of 
 guns, but by lowering the top-fails down to the tups, 
 and fires with ball on all I'uch ihipr, Englilh or others, 
 as omit to do fo. 
 
 The company's fliips arc- fupplicd with water 
 from a large ciltern in the caftle, or from a large 
 pond, lying at Ibmcdiltancc towards the lea, between 
 Cape Corfe and El Miiiaj the blacks conducting the 
 boats thither, and rolling the calks backwards and 
 forwards along the pathi, amongft the rocks, at a 
 I'lace called Duininc. 
 
 \Vhcn the tank is fo low, that fliips cannot be 
 fupplied with water from thencc,tliey are forced to fill 
 it at a Handing pool, called Dominc's hole,- a goad dil- 
 tancc from the caftle, and roll it thence- over craggy 
 ftones to the landing-place, where negros attend, fur 
 hire, to fwim the calks olF to the long-boat, which 
 lies about a cable's length oft'fliorc at an anchor, not 
 daring to come nearer tor the great fwcll that is con- 
 ftantly upon the whole coaft. The negro fwimmers 
 watch a linooth, and roll the puncheons of water 
 into the fca till they float, then each Iwims after his 
 calk, fometinies above, fometimes under water, ftill 
 piiOiing it before him, till they conic to the boat. 
 The iperchandife and ftores broimht by the fliii'S for 
 Vol. I. No. 43 
 
 the calllc, are fent in this long-boat ai nf-ir tl e /Im.r 
 M theyilare i;o, and are nut tiy the cj.iiots lo unl.i.ii- 
 thru-. 'I'helt bein;.', Il.it bctuiir.id, pby up'.iiiiicUa 
 until they prrceiie .1 Iniui.ili, and ll.eii with vn-l' nee 
 iiiiiiiing ihiinlelves on lli'Mi-, take rnit the momK, Jini 
 launch off' aj;ain. 
 
 I'he dirtctor-gemral is fupienic, oi fiill perfoii in 
 the fi.i;tory, at icoj pour-Js per iiiiiiirii i \\\o otlir r 
 merchants, at joo pcunds, an.l a inictary at I'.O 
 pnunds, arc what I. -iiipolL- ihe council In the toiii- 
 pany's att'j.rs, l.nd I. Cl-.is to the.r rmti r forl«t and 
 upercaruoes i;ii board vcHi-ls, to cnlLot the tt.ide^ 
 who arc to tr.iiilinit and nuke up their i.ct<ninis hen. 
 ihe general liippoiis a t.ible for thcni 1 a cli.i| l.\iii 
 an.l liiri;eon, wiih hiLiries of eighty pounds p;r 
 annum, who h.ne orderly meals, witiioi.t any idle- 
 bottles. 
 
 Though the general has but one vote in bufiiiefs, 
 yet it is tacitly euiiltntid to, from his li.iier allow- 
 ance and power as governor, that he ftiall lead the 
 otlurs, who fipn only for their l.il.iries : he therctoie 
 dilpoles lolely prcfcni'ients to the faelois anil wiiter'< 
 who, as they pleale, or difpleale, may he contiiiued, 
 or removed to advanla:;e. I'or, as on I rviee for tho 
 fort they are allowed a commiflion in tr.idi: iidditional 
 to their pay i fo in Ionic of the oiitvenid ports, luch 
 as Aero, or in afliip,thcy make coiill-luable increalej 
 while at other',' Annaiiiabo, or Dixiove, they find 
 a gie.it deal of trouble, wtt loiljjliig, fearcity of pro- 
 vifion, and iio profit. 
 
 The government of Cape Corfe c.iftic, is fome- 
 times velted in one perl'on, with the title of Captain- 
 eeiK ral of the Knglilh I'enlemcnls on the Cjold Coall 
 of Ciiiinea. As lor the council, it m^y be reckoned 
 a cypher; the chiefs iictin;; as they pleale, by tho 
 feeniing coiili-nt of a council, that docs not oppolc 
 them, as l>cing veiled wuli a lull power by the coiii- 
 p:inv to dil'pofe of all cni|iloyniuits at their plealurf. 
 I'he town of Oegwa forms a lort of tiiani^le ; two 
 of its angKs alir.oi? indole the c^iUle, and ihe thud' 
 extends a great length to the waits of the gardens, 
 which lie north of'it and the tov n ; the way from' 
 the caftle gate to the garden gate, lying through the 
 middle of it. 
 
 Our author, who furveyed this fcttlemcnt in 
 1727, fays, that thefc gardens arc pUafant and larye,' 
 being near eighty miles in conip;ils, but have no 
 limits or inclofurc, except on the foulh-fide, next 
 the town : the whole fpacc being called garden, as 
 far as any walks are planted. They are very fertile, 
 and produce every thing that grows within the 
 Torid Zone. 
 
 The ftiorc about Cape Corfc lies almoft eaft and 
 weft cxpofed to the fouth. The country is full of 
 hills, not very high, hut dole together ; the valleys 
 being very narrow, and covered with a fort of low, 
 but thick (hrubs. The negros do not till above a 
 tenili part of the ground, and yet in fix months it is 
 overgrown as tieforc. Some impute thele (hiiihs to 
 the hadnefs of the air, others to the rain-water in their 
 pits, which ftrains through the earth, and has n' 
 fweetifli tafte, with a mixture of acid, like vitrol j 
 others afcribe it to the excclfive rains : but it has 
 been obfcved, that it is not the wet alone which 
 make! this country unhealthy ; for the furfacc here is 
 every where land or grcvel, which is reckoned the 
 moft wholcfome foil, having under it a lort of 
 whitifti marl, like fullers-earth. 
 
 Here is abundance of excellent large fifli of feveral- 
 forts, l'ni.ill poultry, and large Mukovv ducks, at low 
 rates. The mutton and kid, though plenty enough,' 
 is very lean and infipid : but beef is feldom to be 
 met with. The cattle is well flocked with tame 
 pigeons. 
 
 As to the air, not knowing that it rs more faulty 
 here than in other places on tlie ccull ; it is thought 
 that the iinhealthiiiefs may procectl from the ground 
 being covered, as before mentioned, with fllrubs 7 
 whence, in the valleys cfpecially, arifes toward* 
 night and morning a certain fog^ or mift, which 
 If b O may 
 
 : 
 

 -f, 
 
 VOYAOES TO THE 
 
 I'VJ- 
 
 ni.iy ilifli-mpcr tlio air ( liiit it is taiJ the mortality 
 1ki\: i (liii'tly o^ini; to intcm|icrmice aiiil liiii ilict. 
 Tht -.ir iiiJtcil i> cxccllive hot, tnd I'o pierciius that 
 it pi'iictrutcs H ni^ui'.t boti) , much more thiii in France 
 or Eiv^l.iiul. It alio corrodes iron much falK-r. 
 
 Ill ihc ncijjlihiurhoiiJ o(' the calllc are two forts, 
 rxch Jul) ilircv quarters of a mile from it ) onerallcil 
 I'Mijiiii's To'vci, ihi; other Kort Royal. 'I'hc firft is 
 a litilc rouiul '.o.vcr, built by the governor, or Genrral 
 l'lii|i|)H, from whom it takes the name, on the topol 
 a Itccp hill, by the liJc of the jtardens. It (iaiids 
 liorth-wcll from the toAn, and mounts ftvcn!;uns. 
 
 Cap: Corlc has ahv lys been a noted place for traf- 
 fic, ever finee the Europeans frequented CJuino. 
 'I'hc French drove a confiderable trade here, till tiicy 
 were intcrruptcd.by the Portugucfe of Kl Miiia, who, 
 in 1590, orgi, fei/ed a Frencn fhip, killinj; mott of 
 the men, and making the reft (laves. They did the 
 like in lS92t by a boat belonging to an Amflerdam 
 fhip. However, in 1600, the natives of Mnwri 
 being at war with them, the Dutch trade of Cape 
 Corle, began to revive. Abundance of gold is brought 
 from Fctu, Abrambow, an<. Mandingo, as well as 
 other places, above 800 miles inland, by the native 
 merchants, who take oil', in exchange, a tfreit quan- 
 tity of goods, efpecially linen, ami brals b.ifuns of 
 the fmall fort. The fai'iory have every now and then, 
 a large demand for fait, made and brought hither from 
 Acra, before- mentioned. 
 
 Three quarters of a mile from Cape '.Vrfc^ is the 
 negro town of Manfrow, and Kort Royal, called 
 alio Q^iccn Anne's Fort, belonging to tlie Englifh. 
 It is built on a hill, named Dunflein, or, I'he Da- 
 ni(h Mount, hccaufe formerly poflclTed by the Danes, 
 who had aCafllc there, named r'redricklburgh, which 
 was built by them (with the afliftance of the negros) 
 after they were driven out by the Dutch from Cape 
 Corfe. 
 
 By the treaty made between the Englifh and Danes, 
 when they retook Cape Corfe from the Dutch, it 
 was concluded that the latter filould have a fortified 
 factory here. 
 
 Fredrickfburgh was feated on the liill which termi- 
 nates in a point. The whole circuit was above 300 
 paces. It commanded the country round it, cvea 
 Cape Corfe itfelf, which is not above a niufquet fhot 
 diftant. The form of the plot on which it flood is 
 round, but the fort itfelf was triangular, having three 
 baflions, one of which commanded the road to the 
 fouth, and the fccond over-looked Cape Corfu to the 
 wefl, and the third fronted the Dutch fort of NalTau, 
 at Mowrijon the caft. The fort of this hill, (which 
 is not above 100 paces high, and has a windingal- 
 ccnt) is furrounJcd by houfes of the negros. 
 
 The Danes had here in garrifon above 20 whites 
 fit for fervice, belides Gromctto blacks. It was gene- 
 rally obferved, hat of all the European nations on the 
 coalf, the Danes ioft more men in proportion, al- 
 though fettled in the beft air. This is afcribed to 
 their ill diet, which, dys the author, is worfe than 
 that of the Englifh at Cape Corfe ; for they are often 
 in want of money to buy iiecelTaries, and great lovers 
 of ftrong liquors. 
 
 The befl road for (hips at Manfrow, is due fouth 
 of the fort, in thirteen or fourteen fathoms good an- 
 chorage ground, which the Englifh at Cape Corfe 
 pretend lies in their limits. The eafieft landing place 
 is on the eaft fide of the hill; they put the boats to 
 anchor without the rocks, waiting for the negros ca- 
 noes from fhore, to carry their, over the breakers, 
 which are fometimes dangerous. 
 
 Th; Danilh general has a fine fpacious garden for 
 hisdivcrfion, on the north-eaft fide of the fort, above 
 half a mile from it, (lored with great variety of trees 
 and plants, efpccially orange and lemon-trees. In 
 the midll of it is a (lately fummcr-houfe. The coun- 
 try behind the Danidi mount is hilly, clofe, and not 
 much cultivated, but covered with fhrubs and woods, 
 through the indolence of the natives. 
 Tlic viciiiitvof ihc Dajiifli Mount at Manfrow is 
 
 a gri..* ''ifj.li'anta^c to the fortrcf>, which lying im' 
 der, and fo near it, might with a large caiinon be 
 battered to pieces. The autho- .;ai (rom this li.rt li - 
 veral times Iccii the men walking in the Englilh place 
 of arnii at Cape (-'orlir. The Enslifh, who were 
 fi'niible of tint ''tei'l, endeavoured by all means to 
 live amicably with the Danes, and at length pur- 
 chifcd Fiedncklburgh from them. This fort wiit 
 delivered by Mr. Hairis Luck, their general, in the 
 year 16H5, to Henry Nurfe, Efqj agent for the Royal 
 African Company of England, and by them named 
 Kort Royal. 
 
 Although this foilfwas then » yery mean fOrtifica- 
 tioii, yet the Englifh were "ery much pleifcd with 
 the poH'eflion. 
 
 ()ur author obferves, that the Englifh agents re- 
 built and fortified this fort in i6qS, and that had ihcy 
 perfected it according to the plan, it would have 
 been one of the Arongefl places in Ciuinca, being I'n- 
 icccflible every way, (through the ftcrpnefs of ttw 
 hill) but by a narrow path, which one gun may de- 
 fend i and even, though then ruinout, was, hy its 
 fituation, capable of levelling Cape Corfe caftir tn 
 the ground. It has mounted and dilmounted twenty- 
 one guns, with which they take up or aiifwcr all the 
 falutes in the road ; which is very convenient for tlw 
 fick people at Cape Corfe, who are not muchdillurbed 
 with the noife. 
 
 The town of Manfrow, (or Manfro) is almofl 
 round, and lies below the Danilh mount on thcfhurr, 
 fcvcral great rocks rendciing any acccfs difHcult. Il 
 is not very confiderable, the negros being moflly 
 tifliermen, labourers, or Talt boilers, with tome few 
 brokers for the inland blacks. 
 
 Befides the daily market town of Oegwa, or Cape 
 Corfe, there is a confiderable one at Abrambow, a 
 large town, twenty-fevcn miles north, where, by lh« 
 king of Fetu's appointment at a certain time of ttic 
 year, there is a rendezvous from c»cry part of the 
 country for public dancing, and is termed the Danc- 
 ing Seafon, which lafts orght days. A gr?at number 
 of people repair hither, and fpend the (lay, and moft 
 of the night in this toilf«>mc divcifion. At the f:mie 
 time are decided all fuits and controverfies v*hich 
 CO lid not b« determined by the inferior jullices In ihcir 
 refpe<5livc diftrii^t. • ThiS' fupreme court is compofetl 
 of the king Fetii, his doy, or prime niiniller, the 
 jcrofi'o, and the braflo, with two Englilh faftorsoi 
 Cape Corfe caflle, chofen by the p;eneral, who are to 
 have each as many new fuits as the court fin days. 
 I'his article, it is reckoned, cofts the company 300). 
 a year. 
 
 The village of AqualFow is very large, and lie« 
 weft from Cape Corfe. It is a market where the 
 blacks bring flaves to be killed and buried at the fune- 
 rals of their kings. 
 
 The little kingdom of Sobu, (or Sabou) extends 
 about two leagues in breadth along the coaft, reckon- 
 ing from the foot of the Danifh mount, to about two 
 miles below Mowri, where it joins to the country of 
 Kantin to the call, and a'oout four leagues inland to 
 the north. It is bounded by Atti to the north, and 
 Ketu to the weft. 
 
 Sobu produces great plenty of Indian corn, pota- 
 toes, yams, bananas, oranges, lemons, and other 
 fruits, befides palm oil ; great quantities of which, 
 efpecially the latter, they export to Acra and Axtm. 
 The natives arc reckoned the moll induilrious jwople 
 on the coaft, either in agriculture, filhing, or trading 
 with the Europeans and the Accanez blacks, who 
 bring down much gold here in exchange fur goods, 
 fifh, and fait. 
 
 The father of the prefent king of Sobu, had long 
 wars with the Atti and the Accanel blacks, his neigh- 
 bours to the north, occafioned by his intollerable ex- 
 actions ; but the prefent king being of a peaceabi* 
 and lefs covetous temper, has appealed thcfe troubles. 
 The Atti blacks are more numerous than thofe of 
 Sobu i yet their being good at iirc-arms, have often 
 
 routid 
 
imr- 
 
 'jv] 
 
 COASTS AND ISLANDS OF AFRICA. 
 
 soy 
 
 poti- 
 other 
 
 toiitrd (hfii), and brou:»ht down fcvcrjl hraJt of botli 
 lutiont to tlic Dutch f3tl.)ry at Mowri. 
 
 The town of Sobu, the king's rcl'ulincc, lies about 
 two league* inland, and is a large populace place. 
 
 The Hrit place on tlie ft* toad to Q;ieen Anne'i 
 Point, a fort litely built ^of Hone anu lime, fcatcd 
 nn a little hill witnin loft than half a mile of Fort 
 Knyal, or the Daniih Mount to the weft i and two 
 milct from the Dutch fort of NafTau to (he calt, 
 It mounts lix gum, and hai n garrifon of live whites 
 and fix (iromattos. 
 
 The next place i» t he village of Icon or Cnni^n, 
 lyini; half a league within the Danifli mount. Here 
 are llill to be fcen on two fmall cmincncei, the ruins 
 of a fine ftore-houfe the Dutch had there. 
 
 Mowri lies eaftward tv/o miles from Congo, a fmall 
 league from Fort Royal, and two leagues nnd an 
 half beyond £1 Mina. According to Artus, this town 
 lies high, but it irregular and dirty, and has an in- 
 Convenient market-place, though it abounds with 
 p.ilm-winc and fruits. It belongs to the Icing of Sobu, 
 whohai a colleiior here. Great numbers of the in- 
 land merchants from Cano, and other ri mute places, 
 bring hither much rough gold, as it comes out of the 
 earth, and a gre.it quantity of merchandifc. The 
 place was inconfiderabic before the Dutch trafficked 
 here,' but has greatly Improved fince, and it is now 
 the bcft place of trade on the coaft. 
 
 I'he bed landing-place at Mowri, isinabayjuft 
 under the cannon of the fort, on the call north-eaft, 
 which muft be by the help of canoc», as is praftifcd 
 in other parts of the coaft. 
 
 The fort of Naflau before-mentioned, is fttuated on 
 • rock, whofe foot is walhed by the fea. It was built 
 by the Dutch, and ivas their chief fettlemcnt when 
 the Portugucfe held E! Mina; next to which, it is 
 now the chief fort poflelTed by the Dutch. It is al- 
 moft fquarc, the front beinj; a little longer than the 
 other fides. It is provided with four batteries and 
 eighteen pieces of cannon. The walls are higher than 
 ^'ny fort, except El Mina, upon the whole coaft. The 
 Curtain, which takes in two fea batteries, is fo fpa- 
 cious and convenient, that I'uch a battery might be 
 eafily made, as ifie Englifli have at Cape Corfe for 
 commanding the fea ; hut i'"- grcateft ornaments and 
 conveniences, are the fo ■ fquarr towers placed at 
 the angles. It was formerly garrifoncd by fcvonty or 
 eighty men, whofo number at prcfent, though very 
 much diminifhed, Is fufficicnt to defend it againft the 
 negros. 
 
 This fort was built, in 1664, by order, and at the 
 charge of the States (jeneral, .nnd called Fort Naflau, 
 in honour of the family of Orange. It was built fo 
 as to command the town of Mowri, which lies round 
 it like a circle, except on the eaft fide, where it is 
 defended by the fea. The States afterwards cave it tu 
 the Weft India company. Its firft ftruclurc was 
 flight, the batteries being only of turf, often ruined 
 by the rains, which cxpofed the garrifon to the in- 
 fults of the Portuguefe at El Mina. 
 
 The country of Fantin borders on Sobu to the weft, 
 the iron mount, two miles below Mowri, being its 
 extremity. This hill is about a mile long, and h.is 
 on its higheft part, a clofc fliady walk. From the 
 foot of this hill, Fantin extends northward. This 
 country is bounded by Atti, Aqua, and Tonqua, 
 cafl by Acron, and on the fouth by the fea, along 
 which it extends ten leagues. 
 
 The Fantincfe are naturally a treacherous cheat- 
 ing people, and particularly dexterous in counter- 
 feiting gold. They drive a very great trade with all 
 fnrts of interlopers, boldly in the fight both of the 
 Englifli and Dutch, neither daring to hinder it, as 
 they can raife a great force, and have it in their power 
 to fliut up the pafles to the Acamze and other nations 
 northward, who drive a great trade on the coaft, as 
 well for European goods, as fifli, and white fait ; of 
 this laft great quantities are fcnt to Acanez, for which 
 that iiation pays a certain duty in gold to thofe o( 
 Fantin. Moft of this fait is made in a l.vge pond 
 
 by the heat of til.- lun, not a great W«y diftunt fioni 
 the tinvri. 
 
 The inland pt'()pleem|i!.)v i!ic;nfclvcs in till.t^r ai,;l 
 tr.idr, and I'up] I) ihe niai k. is with fruiu, kiii, uiid 
 p.ilin-wiiie i lilt lounliy piu.luiiii.; fucli jjn at plirily 
 of inail'c, that great quaniiiits of it :iie ixpuriid b.lli 
 by LuroiHans anil l)l.uks, wh'i conic Imhc r Inuii mhi t 
 pans. lUic i< a dirt of palni-\\iiic lullul (^aker 1 
 it is fiild .It double the price of the c< minoii dni, ,iiiil 
 neverthilefs i» nuill fjrccdil) luiuj-lit tp, riii'. I.iiid 
 is alfo rich in gold, (laves, ami all mcillariis of I f , 
 hut tfpecially in corn, in whitli iluy dial l.irgily 
 witli the Knglilh fliipj. 'I ills yieat (i|ipiiKiiry h.it 
 made tlum f > hau^hl/, th.it, in the w.iy of tialK*.', 
 an European mull coiili'ler liimfilf as tl.cir iiilc- 
 rior. 
 
 Here is no king, a braffo, or lender, ha\int» ilie 
 chief command, iie is u fort of j;overniir, but hi : 
 power is pretty much reftrained by the olil men, who 
 arc a fort of national coiinfcllors, aclmg pert* .Illy ac- 
 cording to their own inclinations, wiihout ciuifultlii.' 
 the braHo. Hefides thefc, every diilncl i f Fantin hhs 
 its own chief, who will fometiiiics own the pu-t.ini- 
 ncnce of the brati'o, w ho has only the empty liilc of 
 the Supreme Magiftratc. 
 
 This country is very populous, and full of villajjes ; 
 the principal along the fhore arc, Aiiican, Annamabo, 
 Aga, Corinantin, Amcrfa, Little Cormantiii, A<|ii;i, 
 Laguya, and Montfort, befidcs fome oihtrs (if Id's 
 note, from Montfort to Cape Ruyge-Haeck, all which 
 villages contain about 4000 fifturmen. The ca|iilal 
 town is Fantin, which lies about five Ica^iucs iu- 
 land. 
 
 The village of Anican lies on a liitlc hill, two 
 leagues eaft from Mowri. 'i'he place itfelf is iiicun- 
 flderable, and not worth anchoring at. 'Ihi; ro.id 
 lies half way between it and Annamabocaftle, fo that 
 the lalt may be eafily fcen from it, though Uated iit 
 low ground. The Dutch had a faiilory here fuimerly, 
 but finding trade did not anfwer the charge, and ih.it 
 the Engliln and Portugucfe had got footing there, they 
 quitted it. 
 
 The Portugucfe, fince the year 1679, caft up a 
 redoubt of turf for their fecurily, the coniniai:Jtr 
 whereof, Lorenzo I'crez Brancs, had ten or twelve 
 of his countrymen to defend it. His trade confiikd 
 of tobacco and pipes, Brafil, fwectmcats, foap, lum, 
 an J fuch like American commodities. 
 
 Two miles beyond Anican, and two leagues and an 
 half from Mowri, and four from Cape Cor(c, is 
 Annamabo. It is a pretty large town, am! the inhabi- 
 tants arc reckoned very bold and Kuut fellows, very 
 treacherous, and great cheats. 'I'hc gold here is molt 
 mixed with brafsof any in all Guinea; it lies ;;buut 
 four leagues to the eaft of C.ipc Corfe. 
 
 The Dutch rrprcfenc it as the ftrongcft town on the 
 whole coaft, affbrdiiig as many armed men us the 
 kingdom in gcner.d of Sobu or Cummani, 2nd yet 
 but a fifth part of Fantin. 
 
 The village of Annamabo, which is pretty large and 
 populous, is divided into two parts; the one inha- 
 bited by £1 Mina fiftiermen, the other by thufc uf 
 Fantin, who pay a duty to the Brafto of Annnmabo 
 for the liberty of fifliing there. 'l");e natives are 
 generally defperate villains, and mull bu narrowly 
 watched, and their gold well examined. The village 
 lies under the cannon of the Englifli callle. 
 
 At Annamabo the Englifli have a fn.all, but very 
 neat, compafl fort, the load before which is always 
 full of Engliih fhips. This place might afford a con- 
 fiderable gold and fiave trade, if llie Englilh inter- 
 lopers did not carry it very near all oft, and the Zc- 
 landcrs take what the others leave. 
 
 The Englifh here are fo plagued with the Fantiiiian 
 bl.tcks, that they are fometiines not fuiFered to itir out 
 of the fort, and if the nc^rot dillikc the governor, 
 they ufually fend him in a canoe, by way of coiitempr, 
 to Cape Corfe ; nor arc they able to oppofe it, but 
 rather forced to make their peace by a prclcnt. 
 
 In 1701, it was leportcd, that the Dutch, con- 
 
 - ( 
 
ioil 
 
 VOYAGES to THE 
 
 f.-«f 
 
 Ir.irv to irllilc<, «(?!flrd tin- former \miIi powder. 
 Hf|ui mill r ihi- 4th, b«iiii; Siiim^iy, tlii; iu'^uk, ill •( 
 liiiiiutttimi'. nuiincr, jp|tjii.ulK J Ihr lallK-, llmt at 
 ll, biiilic oprii thf oiili 1 l(iMi ij.itr, •iiid tt' hn' lo llii' 
 r>ut-\\iill< and rarn-rnnni , Imt the giint \k>i\^ fiii.trtly 
 dil'ch.irgid, ihcy Inoii (|iii(tr'cl tluir |;rnuiid ^ and in rt - 
 q111t.1l, that night, ihi' |-n);lilli hurni the maji ' 'iirt 
 til thiir town. Alter twcniy-trto days nulrjut, the 
 ncprot icqurllcd a truce, iiromifing to coni|Miie m.it- 
 trr» to the diflrc of the Kneliih. 'F'hc king ol S'>bu 
 c.inie there '.» mediatiir. 'I'hey nhjictcd to lu.tliing 
 lli.it wa« ^ropofcil, obligiiij» thcnililvri to piy thcda- 
 nia.tr .loiie to the tnrt, and took tlicir inthj to (u-rfurin 
 Ih . agreement, Kivin;> up their Iniif alfo 4« pledget. 
 Hut locn .titer, Ti.iving received adilliinee, ihiy le- 
 coniinenrcd holtilitici. 
 
 The Lnglith c.iltle was lately built in llio mom «l 
 An old hnuTc which iiuod there in 1679 : ibo mud- 
 walli of which arc to be leen before ll. Thii is a 
 fmall, neat, compa<!i fort, or lathet a large, Itrung 
 ' houfe, defended by two turrctt on the one fide, and 
 two flankers on the other next the Tea, all built of 
 ftone, brick, and limr, and featrd on a rock ; about 
 thirty paces from the fliand. It h.n twelve gond 
 (;uns .ind two padcrcros mounted, aivl 14 commonly 
 ^.irrifuned hv twelve white!*, and thirteen black)', 
 under a chiel fa^or. I'he ludaingi within aic con- 
 venient, with proper warehoule*. 
 
 'I'he landinj; here i) rather iliflicuir, the (hore being 
 full of rork«, on which tlic fea bieakt dangerouny. 
 The (hipa-boats anchor dole by, and the people arc 
 carried on fliore in canoes to a narrow landy be.ich, 
 )ull under th* fall command of the caft^e, iiirli>f(Hi 
 with which arc hnufes for the (Jroiiietto blacks, and 
 etrkcrs o*' the lompny'i fervants. This wall was ti- 
 h<- piillid down when the caftle wis quite finiflicd, 
 ^n^ one ol btK.t. built in the room nl it. Tlie toun- 
 try about Anrtam.iSo is full ofclofc hills, brginnin;;at 
 a j;ood dilfante from the town. There are five toj^c- 
 llirr liijjher than the relt, which arc a goful l.iml mark 
 to know this phcc, from Ionic KMi;ties to the wdl. 
 Here is gre.it varirty of trees, .nlFordini; a plcafant 
 p.- ifHCt : IS alio, iIr- bill pulm-niiiu on all theCuafi 
 of Cl'iinca, of ih(. fort called Qiiaker. There is like- 
 wife plenty of maifr, and an infinite number of pa- 
 roquets J.nnut as big as fparrows, their bodies of a 
 curious green, and their heads and tails of a mol) 
 bciintiful rcd( fnme of which the author carried to 
 Paris, as prefents to fomc of the princes of the blood. 
 Thefe birds are fold fora crown a dozen, but I'o hard 
 to keep, that not one in twenty furvivcs the voyage to 
 Europe. 
 
 Here is pood green cabbage; as nlfo, pnpss, a !;icrn 
 fruit, about as big as a little melon, which talles like 
 t.iirliftowers. The gre.it. It inconvenience is the want 
 of frclh-watcr, which they arc obliged to fetch by 
 their ftavej from two Ira^.ics diftance. The maife, 
 or Irniian wheat I'eils there hy the chcft, at one akier 
 of gold. The chcll containi, about three buOKls i 
 wli.n there is a great deni.md or fcarcity, it rifot to 
 twa or three akicrs. In plcnti'ul years, or times of 
 peace , it 'lU'. btcii (old at ten, and even eight tahos of 
 p ,ld, vshith is not three fhilliiigs £ngli(h. This 
 taCtov was tiefcrtcd in 17^0, but i& ncccfl'ary to be 
 nUttl.d. 
 
 About half a league, or r .'. o miles from Annamabo, 
 is A :a, a villa;;e on thi: Ua-Ihore, where formerly, 
 a» well .1.S Ann:miib'', tli Uiitch had a fort ; till by 
 luachery tlicy \\ci\- torctd out by the Enp,lifti, who, 
 bi-in;; jointly gariiloncd with the Outdi, treated them 
 barbaroufly. I'lic compiny have plnnted their flag 
 upon a negro's lioiifi h re, and kicp one faiJ^or to 
 buy millet of the Kaiuinians, for ihiir ll.ivc fhips, 
 but he lindin^ greater protit in trading with the inter- 
 lop'-r«, can Ipare hismalKr'-. fliips but Imall fharc. 
 
 The Danes a:i.l Dutch h.id formerly a I'ort here. 
 On the ruins of tlic former, th; Knglilli have built a 
 f.ulorv of turf, kept by two whites, and f jine Ciro- 
 metto blacks, Ivfidcs a faiiloi , with tlic Englifh flag. 
 The Dutch fort was only a bare tcJoubt, dcftroycd 
 
 by the l'!ii|;li(h in if6{ I brir^; flown up the Imiv'' 
 day that the Dutch ailniii.I lie Kii^tir, utttni^tidla 
 land at Annairabo : but in tliii he laiUd, be njj 
 tiiii.leifd !iy the gii.it bri-.king ol ihc (cj, and iht tiic 
 ol the Kiij.lifll, ainilui by ili> runtin blacks, fn'iu 
 lull I lid the rot ks thtt c<>\( r <hv llioie, anJ the cannon 
 ol the fort. The Rn^Iiih at Aga, coiicludiP;} tbit 
 the Dutch would lueeetil at Annamabo, nnd iIumi 
 vifit thrm in ihiir way to Coiman'in, uiiliiniiiiisl 
 the lort theie, and Uftam.tih ul fuih a Isuclh to 
 the powder, as thry lh>>u^,lit would lafi till the 
 Dutch took pollellion, but it blew up Uluir th^y 
 arrived, 
 
 I'hrce leagues from Mowii is the village of Cui- 
 niantin. Called Little Cuinuntin, lu diMiiigUilh it 
 from another Oiled the Ureal. 
 
 Curmantin before the year if.cc, was a confidet- 
 ablc marl, but then of little anlolln^ The town lift 
 on an eminence, and is remarkabK' for a tall tree in 
 the middle of the maiket-jdacei having five little bill* 
 to the weft, and the moun ain Mango to the raft. 
 The I'ortugucfc and Fieneh tuded much here j anil 
 the Dutch did fo too, till the natives began to aduU 
 ti late their gold, whii h foon occafioned the tradt here 
 to decay : fu that now tb" inhabitants rcfurt 10 Muwri 
 for what goods thry wa .. 
 
 I'he village u( Little Cormantin it only confidcr- 
 able for the fertility of the country round 11, and the 
 Dutch fort Amltcrdani, which commands it. Thi< 
 was the chitf rcfidente of the I iiglilh when De 
 Kuyter difpoireflid tluni of it in 1665. It was much 
 enlarged and beautified by the Dutch in Ili8l,and 81, 
 bi'ini{ a fquare fort, built with hard rock-done and 
 lime, {licngthencd with three finall, and unc laiuc 
 battery, mounted with twenty pircvs nf cannon. In 
 ihc centre is a large fquirc tower, dcfigncd to have a 
 eup >1.i on it, where the fl.^g-ftafr liand'. 
 
 There arc good lodgings, and all < (Tices for the 
 commanders and i;arril'on, which coiifilU of twenty- 
 five whiles, bi fides fjrunietta blacks. The brcalt- 
 works arc large, and the prufpcift from the lop of the' 
 tower delightful, over-lookini; all the fcaand country. 
 It Ins alfo lar^r convenient c'lAerns for raiu-water. 
 
 This fort is llrong by nature, as Handing on a higli, 
 rocky hill, in moli placet Keep and craggy, anj 
 only acecdible by a path cut into ilcpt ;Jong the 
 defcent of the hill. 
 
 The knglilh had a fort with four baftions here, 
 t-efi.re it was taken by thi. Putth in 16O5. The 
 former found means to recover It, but were again 
 dll'pollirfl'ed by the latter, who have fettled a good 
 tiadc there, as well ^s at Adja and J.-imolia, when; 
 they have fortified faifiurics. In the fort at Cor- 
 mantin, is a large, fquaie building, fiat roufcj io 
 the middle, which fcrves for a lodging 10 the governor, 
 and fur a magazine ; and the pTatform at top will 
 bear cannon. The country is rich in gold, yet the 
 foil is good, and well pcup! d. The natives arc 
 induftrious, and love tr.ide, the art of which, at well 
 as the icconumy, they have learned from the Dutili. 
 
 Great Cormantin, lies a cannon-ftiot below Fort 
 Amderdam, uivon a high hill ; is fo large and (h»- 
 piiloiis, as Ju(*ly to be called (ireat. All the in- 
 habitant^-, befidcs the traders, are fiOicrmcn, amount- 
 ing to 8co, or 1000 men. From this pl.icc, the 
 country of Fantin reaches twenty-two or twcnty- 
 tlirec miles along the fhorc, being all the way 
 replenifhcd with finall villages, being very pleafant 
 pafling by it in a canoe. 
 
 I'hc lands about tliefe Cormantines produce^ 
 plenty of fruit and corn. The air is very wholefmiie. 
 The natives blew excellent beer, made of maiie, or 
 Inilian corn, lufcious as ale, called petavv. I'hcy 
 bake bananas in bread and bifcuit, and alfo maifc fur 
 their common food, . 
 
 Once Annamabo and Cormantin were two of the 
 principal places of trade on the coaft, lor the Dutch 
 and Knglifli, on account of the great rcfurt of the 
 Accane7. blacks, who came down 111 little raiayans i 
 but thir difference that arufu between ihcfctwo nations 
 
 la 
 
f.-t^ 
 
 •7«7J 
 
 C () A r, T S AND ISLANDS OF AFRICA. 
 
 !lo() 
 
 hfre, 
 Ihe 
 
 in i('li.\, iiiil t(<li^, al'iii^ ili'j ih.i(1 iif iiortli ami 
 Itiiiili (iuiiu.i, iliil iIdiii Iii>iIm'.'''^( llllll.^(',l'| '•l)li;;iii^ 
 llu' lull li< ii'tirv Cii M wti, .tiiil {\\e Ki)};iifli lu Cur> 
 ni^nciii, I hi It l.illir win- hi (cure l.> tin lulittt, 
 Ihitt iluy aiiJ ihc Ahmiu-/. lil.iiln iiiviu^l ihi- Diiiih 
 ■I hi ^lllu, vvhiilc ^(ivftiiituiit tluy h.iil I'ccn li>iii; 
 ulcdifi, uihl likiil (It Utile a r.iclury •>( ArK'U \>hith 
 Wit idki'ii l<y llu' Kiit^lilli in iM 4, .iiul IiNivmi up in 
 l()6;. Ihc Kiiijlilli un ihui |urt, lu ihwari (he 
 Dutch, null aviiiii III to inriiiiit llic In.itlo* 'I' Kaiitm 
 ■nii AiciMi/., whii (iiok (hen tniiiKV »iiiiiiiil pcrlurin- 
 init (ht'c<>nilitiiin\ agrcrJ on 1 .mil hinlin;; thr jciluuly 
 between the nation*, in i>nm .>! ir.ulc, oiialioiinl 
 their hiviii); uikkIs che.i|ii.i, ih>y rncouia^.d the 
 Kn^lilli to buiKl ;\ (null loK 4( Aiwuniulio, (O lival 
 Ihe Diiieli at Mo»ri and A^,'.:'. 
 
 Mown, Annimaliii, Aiulli.ui, anil Cormanlin, 
 *rc |ilaici where Kriit( i|ii,inlilii-< ul I'.uri'pe.iii gnoilh 
 arc vciiJcJ, vr/. Iiiuiik, liKli.i<, ('ii|i|iei, iion>bars, 
 old Ihectt, brandy and rum, (lewter-b.iluni, muU|uuk, 
 buglci, beads ol all l6r(s, puwdu, \c. When Cui- 
 maiitin wan (aken fruni the I'.n^lilh, a< above nicn- 
 tiuned, (he K.intiiU'l'i', expivlleil ^tea( r.iii»laiitiun (o 
 feu (lie nu(cli fettled there a^-Jiii. Their rcafont 
 wcir, tha( (he LiigUni goieinor had inconimoUeu 
 llicm with his );arrilon ; .mil that (hey thought (he 
 Dutch fold tlieir );i""'* i'lKa|icr, iluwevir, they 
 gained a point upon (he Dud'h, who lornierly a;;iced 
 tu );ive thciii a goml funi id ,:;<dd, beliiles joo j;iiililers, 
 I'ur every Ihip i>r (he r<iiii|iaiiy's wliuh Ihould (mde 
 there, (Have lllip* except' dj in lOMlideration ot (lieir 
 afnilancc in reei>veiin^; I itt Aniltcrdani, and other 
 fcrvices i bu( iH'W (hi y i.liline thcin to pay Cur all 
 lbip« alike. They alfu extuK a ^uod Imii yearly 
 I'lum the l.nt'lifli. 
 
 Alter the lediiClion u( Fort NalTau .1( Mouri, ami 
 their dilappi>iiiiiiieii( a( CipeCorle and Annani.ib", 
 Ihe Diileh liuur.il, Falkenhur^h, a( a exuniil ot 
 wai liild oil boaid the adniiial, innft e.irntOly jtniUd 
 an .iiieiiipi on Cormanlin. Ihc eniiiptilc being 
 rclolved on, ValUiibur^ih Irilt Dii Kiiv(er a leinloree- 
 liiuitot .(OoeaniHs lull ol armed blarku froiii Kl 
 Mina, with »hoin the Dutch lleei came to aiivlior in 
 Corinanliii toad. Ihc bay, (lioui;li fp.ieious, bciii^ 
 dan^Trrous (o land at, and tin- coining out as bad, 
 Dc Ruytcr, on the ;tli ol I'ehiuary, ibii<i, fen( a 
 detachment ol lyoo men, lupportcd by (ho Min.i 
 blaek^, to land a( Annainabo, which the tni^lifti had 
 taken, as well as Agga, or Adja. Thclc toices ap- 
 proathinij the (liorc, were To warmly received by tie 
 Cormanlin blacki, polled behind the rocks and buOus, 
 tha( (he Dutch, unable (o Iwar (heir h:c, (oi^cdier 
 wi(h (hat of (he caHle, and fufpeitin;; their deliijn 
 betrayed by (lie bralVo of Aniiamabo, llood off (o lea, 
 and icjoincd thur fi|uarilron. 
 
 DcKuMci, however, was not difheartcnrd wi(h 
 tUisrcpullc : lor the blacks of Annamabo, and Ai^pa, 
 who had l«.vi» (ulpected of favouring (he tngliilh, 
 fent (o jd'uic h.m of (heir fidelity; proniifing next 
 day (0 join his torcis, and aflilHiiin in taking Cor- 
 niaiitin I'ort. Tlicy ranie and brough( widi (hem 
 jcoo I'aiitin bl.ick', (heir allies, whom (hey had hired 
 tor (hat Icrwce, 
 
 I'lielt: forces l.mJing in .i calm day, wilhout any 
 lofs at Aj.',^a, while (hey were joined by (lie auxiliary 
 n(i',ros ol A;'i;a and FaiKin. From licnce (hey 
 marched in good orJ,.r, e.ich black havin;i a whi(e 
 liaiulkerchiel about liis neck, (o dillinguiUi him from 
 tliolf of Cormantin. About noon (hey arrived at the 
 Fnv;lilh fuit, which Valkonbiir _h lum'moned to I'ur- 
 n-ndcr imnn-diately ; ami at the fame time caufed a 
 body ot his forte ■, condiiited by fome blacks of (lie 
 town, whom he had gained, to advance to a riling 
 ground, juil out of reach of the cannon. 
 
 The 1kIii-;^<iI nude a (eiribic fire, and frequent 
 fallici, tt hii h, for a '.vhile, ftopiKd the proi^refs of (he 
 *an-gii*rd ; 16 many of the Dutch blacks being killed, 
 tb!(( the palll'S wire bloekcl up with their bodies. 
 Moll of (his execution was done by joo Englifh 
 Ulack.s, coinmandcd by one Jihn Cabcx. The main 
 
 Vol., I. No. 44. 
 
 hotly nl lal( cnmiii|i; up, moft of ihefe black* wr*a 
 lut ott, or letircd pncipilalely (o (he fort. Valkeii- 
 biirjih ihin oidncd the (ow n In be le( on die j the 
 I'niokcol whiih, for a while, tiiuk aw ay (he fiL',li( el 
 llie liirl friiiii llie Dulili, and threw (he Fii-lilli into 
 (ui'h cohllcriiadoii, (li.it Uciii(; tlu' enemy appioaih 
 Willi ^'lanadiHi in theii liamK, and a mortar, (o^ivc 
 the all'aull, iheyKruck (heir A.ig, and opt neil (Ke 
 ga(e i .iiid the l)iiteli, aceoidiii;.; (o tiieir aiioiin', 
 ii'ok polli'llioii nf (he lor( a( In linall an expeiue.r, 
 Ul iii.iiks of ^old, whali thiy paid (he auxiliary 
 blacks ul F.intiii, and the bralib and cabolliin of 
 Annariiaho and A|{[;a. 
 
 Aimifi, Ai|ua, J.a);uyn, Tantumqiicrri, Mont- 
 loit, .Hid liMlic odur Ini.ill villa^ik to (lie call on tliu 
 I'aniin Ihoii, as 1. 11 .11 Acrmi, h.ivc but an iiiion- 
 liileralilt trade. A(|U.i liesuii a little tuer Iwu Icigiiis 
 ealt ol C'oniiaiitin. 'I lie ' mil nlKiU( i( is luw .lud 
 Hal, pioduciiig piriity ol Indian corn ; and ll.ere is 
 Wood and wa(er for Hups th.it want. 
 
 La^uyo is (wo leagues faitlurealt from Ai|ua, on 
 a riling; i;iouiid, dtleeiuliii^ (owarils (he llmre. ll 
 hai not much (r.idc for llaves, ainl ilic gold i> none 
 of (he belt. 
 
 Taiitumqiierri lies fuveii leagues lart of Corman- 
 lin, of couile ihrec from La^'.uyo. This is a pretty, 
 little, regular foit, hiving four Imall ll.iiiket^,mi>uiitcil 
 vv'itli 12 guns. It isplealaiitly fituated near (he Tea- 
 liile, but th'' landing-place is iiidilVerent. 
 
 'I'he fmallei vi!li};es to the call of (his tail aru 
 belter fiequciited by tiiropcaiis ; ihc inliabitants beinjj 
 poor Itlliermen, who Cany (heir Hlh on bo.ird lliips, 
 .IS do lliofu of l.aguyoand Montfort ; ye( llnle peupla 
 talk of their great plen(y of flases ami gold on llioie, 
 I purpole (II keep fliips longer 111 the road, that lluy 
 may ll II (heir lilll for pedlars waic and (oys. The 
 Knglilli lliips ciiitHy ply on this coalt aS f.ii ai 
 Acra. 
 
 Though the F.nglifli and Dutch poA'eflird Forts in 
 Faniin, vet neither of tlicm have any power there { 
 I'll that uhcn the natives arc inclined to it, they (hut 
 up all the palfes fo clofe, that not one merchan' ciin 
 eonie fioin iiilalid to trade with them, and lomrtimes 
 liiiidu I'rovilions being brought, till a peace is con- 
 liiilcd w lib (hem. The language of the blacks are a|j 
 molt one and the fame trom Axiin to Fantiii, all aloiiy 
 the ciold Cuaff. 
 
 Ihe country of Acton lies between that of Fantiil 
 Mul Aiigwina, or Agoiina, on the fea-Oiore, running 
 tad to the famous cape, cailtd Monte del Diablo. 
 It is divided intoCJreat .iiid I.itOc Acion, the fornn r 
 lying inland i as to its govenimeiit, it is a republic, 
 l.itdc Acton IS a kingdom. Tluy are independ.int 
 of caihodur, bu( Inc in petfei^t amity under the 
 protertion of the Fantin negros, enjoying; peace, and 
 cultivate (heir fruitful land fu as to liave a fufficient 
 crop for exportation. 
 
 'i"hc king of Little Acron, in our author's time, 
 w.isacivil, good-natured man, about f.ftv, reputej 
 one of the richeft on the Gold Coaft, though hcdreil'ed 
 no better than his fubjiii>s. It is rather an anarchy 
 than a monarchy, for the king can do nothing without 
 the content of the cliief men. The country abounds 
 in deer, hares, pbeafam«, partridges, &c. 
 
 Little Acron has a village on the co.ift towards the 
 middle of It, called Apain. 'I'liis village is very lit- 
 tle, and was always inhabited by lilheimen ; but, as 
 well as Acron, is well liluatid lor trade ) and if (ho 
 natives wcic more tractable, might become a popu- 
 lous town. It Hands a little way up a lalt livrr, 
 which runs jull below tiic fort, rifiiig about four miles 
 within land. It abounds both in lillt and lo.sl, and 
 is very plcafant. 
 
 Apani lies under a fmall fort, begun to be built by 
 the Dutch, in 1697. It is called Leydfaamheydr, or 
 Patience, from the great oppoliiion .riven thcin, when 
 building it, by the negros. it is fonilicd bv two 
 batterie.', mounting eight pieces ot c.nnnon. 
 
 I'he country of Augaina, begins at or about Monte 
 
 del Di.iblo, by tlic Dutch called Ruygc Hueck, (dil- 
 
 1' taiit 
 
i" 
 
 VOYAGES to rut 
 
 I'nf 
 
 tant about a league from thfi fah river of Acron) aftd 
 extends tlicncc eall along the (here to Aiiunfc in 
 Aqii.inbo, or Acr.i. On the north it borders on 
 Som^uay, and fuuth on the ocean, along which it 
 ftretchi s fifteen Kngiics. 
 
 The coaft from Corniantin to Monte del Diabloj 
 extends fouth-ea(t by eaft, about twelve leagues, thence 
 to Darcu, nine leagues, and from Barcu to Acru ri- 
 ver, nine more. 
 
 The country eaft of Coecks Broot-Hill, is low and 
 flat to the fea, b..-t hilly in land. Some leagues far- 
 ther to the eaft, it is woody, and the land dry. This 
 country has the advantage of a very fine, large, frclh 
 water river, abounding in oyfters and fifli, and the 
 banks of it furniflied with monkeys ind baboons, as 
 large as any in Guinea. 
 
 The country of Augwina is as fertile and pleafant 
 as that of Acron in all rcfpeifls. The people, who 
 arefifliermen, arc bold, warlike, and verfed in work- 
 ing gold and filver. In our author's time, (1682) 
 it was governed by a woman of great courage and 
 wifdom, who took the title of Qiieen. She was 
 about thirty-eight years of age, and, to pTeferve her 
 power, lived unmarried. 
 
 Our author adds, that this is the fole kingdom in 
 Guinea, where thefupremepo«er is hereditary to either 
 fcx i and the next heir to the crown is her eldeft 
 daughter, her fons being fold for Haves, or fo ilifpofed 
 of as not to inteirupt this female fucceffion. This 
 daughter is early initiated in the fame political prac- 
 tice, having a gallant purchafcd for her feparate amufc- 
 mcni. The inhabitants live peaceably under this go- 
 vernment, feldom going to war. The Englifli had a 
 fmall f"'t here for fome '.imc. 
 
 A'Jgwiiia has ffveral towns and villages along its 
 coaft, as Dajow, Polder's Bay, Mango, Winniba, 
 Wiamba, or Simpa, Old Barcu, or Barracu, Jac- 
 cou, Innya, Lampa, Sutcamma, New Little Barcu, 
 and Coecks Broot, a high round hill, in form of a 
 fugar-loaf, two leagues weft from Acra. All this 
 coaft is dangerous with the breaking of the lea. 
 
 'I'he French fay Mount del Diablo, abounds with 
 gold, which after great rains, tlie blacks gather in 
 great quantities, as it is waftied down with the fands. 
 The Duch gave it the name of Ruygc Hoeck, becaufe 
 being high land, they often faw it at a diftancc before 
 they could reach it in failing from eaft to weft, the 
 ■wind blowing conftantly here for the greater part 
 of the year at fouth-weft a frcfll gale, and the tide 
 fetting ac eaft, fo that it takes a long time to turn 
 it up. 
 
 We are told' of one Mr. Baggs, who, in 1700, 
 died at Cape Coife, where he was agent for the Kng- 
 lifti, and was intrufted with a more ample commif- 
 fton than anyof his predeccftbrs, for having informed 
 the African company of tills hill, and promifid to 
 dig gold or gold-oar out of it tor them. To this pur- 
 pofe he brought all forts of ncceffary inftruments 
 alongwith him, but for fome reafon or other did not 
 proceed in his dciign. An Englifli voyager w.as in- 
 formed, by a negro gold-taker, that he had feen this 
 mountain fmokc like a volcano ; from whence, and 
 being the haunt of rapacious wild beafts, they have 
 borrowed the name, and call it Devil's Hill. 
 
 Winniba, formerly called Wiamb, lies five leagues 
 beyond Apam. It is a fni.ill town, confifting of not 
 more than twenty houfcs. Round it are pleafant 
 fields, inclofcd with gone! hedges, ••'nd full of Indian 
 corn and good grafs. This country lying low, about 
 a mile from the town, towards ths inland, are many 
 large lakes or ponds of water, on whole banks are 
 many Guinea hens, with great variety of other fowls, 
 and abundance of wild dter, which range tlw plains 
 aboi t thefc lakes. 
 
 Winniba fort ftands on the afcent of a hill, in the 
 jutting out of the (.oall, agrcfibly fcatcd among trees. 
 The Eiiglifh fr.i^ory being a double ftone houfe, 
 was ranficlccd by the blacks in 1769, and the factor 
 h.id much ado tofave his own and his people's lives, 
 tftaping by night to Caps Corfe, where he landed 
 
 much wounded and cavereJ with blood. Thii pLcr 
 is eafily known from fea, by the two Knglilh ho.il.'s 
 yet ftanding, without any roof on the liiore, ab;>ut 
 200 pates from Winniba! 
 
 This Winniba is a l.irge, fquafc fort, with four 
 flankers, all built of ftonc and lime. It mount* 
 eighteen guns, and has commonly twelve v\hitt>, 
 and twenty-eight Gromettas, with a fuitahle tank or 
 ciftern for water, and a (lave houfe for ico noi>ro«. 
 It ftands 120 paces from the fea, within three niili-<» 
 of Shido to the weft, and thirty-fix miles fiom Acta 
 to the eaft. 
 
 Winniba Tort, is oh the fame plan and dimcrfions 
 as that at Tantuniquerri ; nor is the landing place 
 any better. It ftands on a rifing ground about four- 
 teen yards from tlie fea, having a liandfonic avenue i.t 
 trees- up to the outer gnte. It has alfo a lai[;,c (pur, 
 which contributes much to its ftrenelli and ufe, be- 
 ing afafe place to I'ccure their caftfe at ni^lit froia 
 the wild beafts. There are alfo good gardens. 
 
 Barracu, or Barcu, lies on the coail fix leagues 
 eaft of Winniba. It is fituatedon the top of a hill, 
 where the French ufjd to trade. Here the languagry 
 which is the fame as on the gold coal! hithert<s be- 
 gins to change. The natives are ingenious, not 
 only melting gold, but in working it into chains and 
 jewels. They alfo brew a drink not unlike our fnialJ- 
 bcer, w hieh they call Pitow. Poultry are more plen- 
 tiful and cheap here than on all the coalt. 'I'hty ha^ 
 alfo parroquets in abundance. 'I'hey buy much iron 
 from the Dutch, which they know how to work wtiJ, 
 and make all kinds of arms or weapons for themfi-lvc 
 The trade is now removed to Acrn, where iliev g<* 
 in their canoes to buy what goods they wnnt. I'hc 
 land between is low and flat, remiirkabic for a brckea 
 tree in form of a gibbet, which the iicgios ngarJ a 
 a fetifli. 
 
 Barcu is the chief town on the Aii:v.v'«i' co.ilf, anj 
 it is a proper pl.ice for a f.iclory or fovt lor trade, the 
 land bein;; pleafant ami plentidi!. Tliis country WJ4 
 formerly in the Englilh intereft, by contract with ihe 
 queen thereof} b.:t the Dutch cncroacluJ m as r:» 
 make a fettlcnient at Barracu, where thcv haveereiiLJ 
 3 fmall triangular fort of twelve guns. Their chiif 
 at this place, in 1706, look ftvtr.il Fnglifti go<i.ls 
 from the traders, telling them he would always <lo io, 
 if they bought from the Englifti; but Sir D.dby 
 Thomas the governor, recovered them. 
 
 While the Portuguefe prevailed on tliis co.ii>, tho 
 French traded here, which is the reafon v/hy the 
 blacks remember fo many French words, efpcciallyof 
 the Norman dialeift. Here are as many pariuquets u* 
 at Annamabo. 
 
 Little Barcu lies about a league and a half eaft of 
 Barracu, on a fmall river. 
 
 All thefe places of Acron and Augwina, are well 
 icated for trade, if they are not a: war with their 
 neighbours, tor when they are, little gnid, and few 
 flaves is to be had. The Acra blacks come down this 
 coaft to traflic, when thcv hear of ftiips tiiat li.ive 
 good cargoes, fuch as old ftiL-et'!, Co.fvall linen, 
 bugles, iron and hrandv. A ijooJ fl.'.ve lells licie, as 
 they do all along the coaft, for a beiiiJ.i, that is, two 
 ounces of golil. 
 
 The kingdom of Acra, or Acara, is tributary fo 
 the king of Aquambo. It is bounded on the weft cf 
 Augwina, from which it is feparattd bv a fmall ri- 
 ver. To the north it has Ahoura and lionu, to the 
 eaft Labaddc and Ningo j and to the foutli the ocean, 
 being 16 leagues in compafs, and almoft rounii, 
 fcar«ely two leagues and an haU' lying on the 
 fea. 
 
 This was formerly eftecmcd the laft kingdom on the 
 coaft, becaufe they found no gold beyond ihe river 
 Volta, which bounds it to the eaft. It lies fif (ten 
 leagts to the eaft of Cormantiii. 
 
 Acra was formerly a kingdom, but its ^hliabiiants 
 were conquered by their inveterate enemies the 
 Aquambos, and driven to a place called Little Popr, 
 which at prefcnt conuini llic great kingdom of A eri. 
 
 This 
 
I727-] 
 
 boASTS AND ISLANDS OF AFRICA. 
 
 in 
 
 are wt!l 
 
 with their 
 
 and iVw 
 
 own this 
 
 tlillt ll.iVS 
 
 I lii\,'ii, 
 s hctf, as 
 at IS, tvva 
 
 ■ibiitary to 
 : weft cf 
 
 fmall ri- 
 lu, to tiir 
 the ocean, 
 
 ig on the 
 
 This happcnwl in the year 1680 ami r68i, when the 
 country vrixt ruined, and reduced to a tributary 
 province. 
 
 The foil is a pile red, fat mould, producing little 
 or no fruit, and very few trees ; but it yields yams, 
 and fevcral forts of beans and peafe. 'I'lie country 
 beyond the flat is hilly. Near the European forts 
 arc numbers of remarkable ant hills, which may not 
 improperly bo called turrets, and look at a diltancc, 
 like the fait heaps in the Ifle of Rhe in France, at the 
 beginning of the Kerring feafon. 
 
 The land from the fliore, to about tliree leagues in- 
 land, is pretty level and even, and is a good fporting 
 country for hares, rabbits, fquirrels, wild boars, red 
 and fallow deer,, wild goats, pintado hens, and other 
 fovi'l. What large and fmall cattle they have, are 
 brought from Labaddc to the caft. Here are fucli 
 plenty of hares among the (brubs, which grow 
 thick, that the blacks kill them with fticks, and the 
 Europeans take them with fpaniels. In this country 
 there are more lions, tygers, muflc-cats, leopards, 
 and other ravenous creatures, than in any other parts 
 of Guinea. 
 
 Here are thofe deer, which are not above eight or 
 nine inches high, and whofe legs are not bigger than 
 a fmall pick-tooth quill. The males have two horns 
 turning back on their head, two or three inches long, 
 without branches or antlers ; tnefe are crooked, black, 
 ind fliining like jbt. Nothing can bo more tame, 
 pretty, or fond, than thefc creatures j but they are 
 fo tender, that they will not bear the fea, and what- 
 ever care could be taken, none have been yet brought 
 alive to Europe. 
 
 Acra contains many large towns within land, 
 of which Great Acra is the chief. Little Acra is 
 the middlemoft of three maritime villages in this 
 kingdom ; the other two are Soco to the weft, and 
 Orfoco to the eaft, each under the cannon of an Eu- 
 ropean fort. At .Soco is the Englifh fort James j at 
 Little Acra, Crevccoeur, belonging to the Dutch ; 
 and at Orfoco, the Dania* fort, Chriftianlburgh, all 
 three reckoned inferior to few of thofe on the 
 toaft. 
 
 Thefc three fortrelTes are fituated in the compafs 
 of lefs than a league and an half of ground, each on 
 a rocky head land, advancing a little on the ftrand. 
 It is dangerous landing here, except at Acra, where 
 it iseafier at thefirft and laft quarters of the moon, 
 with the help of Bar cnoes. 
 
 Soco confifts of about one hundred fcattering 
 houfes, it having been much enlarged in i6g2, by the 
 acceflion of many families, who retired hither frcm 
 Little Acra, when it was deftroyed by the blacks of 
 Aquambo : fo that the year following, it became one 
 of the fineft and largeft on the Gold Coaft, fcated on 
 a level ground, regularly built. It lias a great trade 
 with the Englilh, to the pr«judlce of the Dutch. 
 Here ftands James Fort, alre.idy mentioned, belong- 
 ing to the Englifh. 
 
 Little Acra, about half a mile diftant from Soco, 
 was a handfome and commodious market-town, well- 
 
 foverned and much reforted to, before the Aquamlios 
 urnt it a few years fince, leaving fcarcly fixty houfes 
 ftanding, Fourri, King of Acra, chofe rather to live 
 here than at Great Acra, which is up the inland. 
 
 At this place the Dutch have a ftrong fort, 
 called Crevecueur, fituated about half a canncn- 
 fliot from Jame«-Fort, on a rocky head-land ; and 
 though boats and pinnaces can come dole to the 
 flrand in fafety, yet the landing is well defended by 
 the guns of the fort, and fmall arms of the garrifon. 
 It is iquare, built with four batteries, which, as well 
 sis the curtains, arc rock-ftone and lime, neither very 
 thick, nor very high : So that it could not ftand much 
 battering, and the Englilh from James- Fort, though 
 mueh fmaller, might foon reduce it to a heap of 
 rubbilh with their cannon. Within it is a large, 
 flat, fquare houfe, with a platform, and on it a turret 
 with a cupulo, on which the Dutch flag is difplayed, 
 as at all the forts oa the coaft, as foon as any fhips 
 
 appear at fea. The lodgings are neat and convenient 
 both for the oflicers and garrifon, v/liioh confifls of 
 fifteen whites i:n.i 25 blacks. It li.is a h.uuHbnie 
 gate towards tlu' ninth, overlooking the villuge of 
 Little Acra, and the rori.l to (ire.it Acrp. Thi^ gate is 
 Iccurcd by a corp>-de-gnrile and two b;iniers, but ha:l 
 IU> ditch or p.-.lilado bttirc, like the rell of the foils 
 on the coaft, none excepted. 'I'lie bliicks being 
 wlioliy ignorant in attacking ealllc, inake thefc out- 
 ward defences regarded as unneccflarv. It has 1 + 
 guns, and fome padercros, on the baUeries. The 
 jituation is fucli, that it enjoys a better air than the 
 other two forts to the eaft and weft of it. 
 
 Orfoco is not fo confidcrable as it has been, having 
 been deftroyed by the Aquambos, and tlic iiduiliitants 
 removed to I'opo. 
 
 The fort of Cliriftianfburgh was built here by the 
 Danes, and fo called in honour of their king. It 
 is a fquare building, ilrcngthcned with four batteries 
 and twenty guns. It appears very beautiful, looking 
 like one continued battery, as in ctfecl it is ; for tlic 
 roof being entirely flat, the cunnoii may conveniently 
 be planted on all parts of it. 
 
 In l67(), it was governed by John Ollricks of 
 Gluckftead, a worthy man, whom the blacks mur- 
 dered at the inftigation of a Greek, who lived Come 
 years under him. This villain fonn after (old the 
 place to Julian de Campo Barttto, formcily governor 
 of St. Thomas, for about 7.7.4. pounds. 
 
 The Danes at Frcdericklburgh, near Cape Corfc, 
 folicited the reftoration of the places and liion aftcr^ 
 1682, redeemed it for a fum of money, rcfeltling their 
 trade here, which they polleired till the year 1603, 
 when the blacks furprifed it in the follov. ing man- 
 ner : 
 
 The Danes ha'' comhiitted fome infults on the 
 king of Acra, who ftudied revenge, and took the op- 
 portunity of the weaknefs of the place, by the death 
 of feveral of the garrifon. The king obli rving that 
 the Danes had great confidence in one Alicmnii, a 
 blacK, who had great intereft in that countrv, and 
 procured them much trade, engaged liim in the de- 
 llgn. Accordingly, AlUmnii made the DaiiKh go- 
 vernor believe he would bring him a confulerable num- 
 ber of merchants at once to buy arm«, advifing him to 
 raife the price. On the day appointed, AiUnimi 
 brought with him So blacks, whom the Danes ad- 
 mitted into the fort, lufpeiiting no treachery. When 
 the blacks had agreed for the arms, and paid the price 
 in gold, they loaded their mufquets with powder and 
 ball, as if to try them, but fuddenly fell on the ear- 
 rifon, which confiftcd of about twentv-fiveor tlilrty 
 Danes, who prefently yield.-d the fort. ' They imme- 
 diately difperfcd the Danes up the country ; after 
 which the king of Acra and the blacks ftripped the 
 fort, taking a booty of about 7CC0I. The fore was 
 given to Aftcmmi, who garrifoned it with his blacksj 
 fettlinsc in it, and trading with all tb.e European 
 (hips which conic there, to great profit. 
 
 I'he conqueror kept poflKTiun till two Dnnifh 
 (hipsarrivcd on the coaft; to which, by merns of a 
 very confidcrable prefcnt to the king of Ai]u:in;bo, 
 butmoreby theDutch interceffion,it was re- lelivered ; 
 but they were no great gainers by it ; for to gairi(<)n 
 the fort, they left their fleet (o poorly manned, that 
 they became a prey to tlie pirates in the fight of Gui- 
 nea. 
 
 About a century fince the king being gained by con- 
 fidcrable prcfents, which the Danes and Duteh made 
 him, to grant them a liberty ; at Hrft,thevafl^ed to build 
 each of them a ftorc-lunile to Uttle a Lu'lor in, under 
 the obligation of k\tn niaiks rf gild y.arlv for cacli 
 houfe. The houfes thus built, llic Dutch and Danes 
 never refted infinuating to the n.;inrs, thatwhereaj 
 they were continually e.xpofed to l!ie allliults of their 
 mortal enemies, the Aquambor, it would be for their 
 fafety, to admit thofe houfes t.i be turned into forts, 
 toprote<ft them and their families with thtir cannon. 
 By this means tliry prevailed to have thcfe places pul 
 in the condition they werci 
 
 Tht 
 
:a^ 
 
 Jl« 
 
 VOYAGES TO fMg 
 
 l'7»f 
 
 The Dutcli liclno; ihc firft who obtniiictl this privi- 
 lege of the k.in^ ol Acra, bi>ught u pi'(>|>er place for 
 a fort, wliich they built with a wnrc-li<uil'c uf rock- 
 ftonc, 6i feet Ions;, ami 24 broad. The floors were 
 planks laid 011 jc<ilts, and the rcof covered with tile; 
 all the buildiiif^s bciiii; enrompaflcd with bulwarks, 
 and the walls made with port-holes for guns. Some 
 time after the Danes, and at lafl the Kiiglilh, obtain- 
 ed the fame liberty. 
 
 The forts, on fome occaflons, have proved a good 
 refuge to the natives, efpecially in the year 1680. 
 when the king of Aquambo conquered Acra : for 
 had it not been for thefe retreats, few or none had 
 been left alive, or in a condition to carry on the trade 
 they now do, which is confidcrable, notwithftanding 
 a great number of families removed hence to Lay, 
 Popo and VVhidah. 
 
 At this place alone fomctimes more gold is received 
 than on the whole coaft befidcs : and its traffic would 
 be yet enlarged, if the jiegros of Aquambo and Akim 
 would agree, as they generally are at difference. 
 The latter pretending a feudal right over the former, 
 and demanding an annual trihvtc of them, which 
 thufe uf Aquambo will by no means fubmtt to ; and 
 the king, to fecurc his quiet, is fubtil enough, by fair 
 words and prefcnts, to fow difl'entions betwixt the 
 governing men of i'\kim. 
 
 The landing here is very dangerous, on account of 
 the faell. The beft anchorapc is oppofite to the 
 Danifh fort. The frcfli fouth-weft gales, which 
 blow here all day from May to September, (except 
 in the rainy feafon) bring in a violent fea, the tide 
 fetting caft, very rapid with the wind, fo that fliips 
 work hard on their c.ibles. 
 
 In the wet ft jCdii, the tiJc fits as the wind and 
 moon lulc it. I'ur two or three days before and after 
 the new and full moon it fets to the weft, as it does 
 alio after it has blown hard at north-e.Tit, and caft- 
 iiorth-ciift, and the wind returns to fouth-fouth- 
 wtll, or fouth-wid ; when tide for 24 hours will run 
 upwards a^aiiift the wind, as has been experienced, 
 lying before C.ipe Corfc, Annamnbo, Cormantin, and 
 Acra. 
 
 Next in order beyond Accra, is Labadde, but fo 
 fmall and inconfiderable, (being only four leagues in 
 circumference) that it fcarccdcfervcs notice, except 
 that it touches on the fca, between Acra and Ningo, 
 and that only for a league along the coaft. In this 
 fpacc lie the two villages of f )rfow and Labadde. 
 1'he hill is a large populous place, inclofed with a 
 dry ftone wall, fituatcd amongft fine meadows and 
 plains. The inhabitants of thcfc villages arc gene- 
 lally hufbandmen, tilling their ground, and looking 
 to their fliecp and f^ine, which they brih;^ from 
 Lay, and fattening tliem, fell them at Acra and other 
 places on the coail, to gocxl advantage. They make 
 laltof the fea-water for their own ufe, but the trade 
 is inconfiderable, here biing little gold. The coun- 
 try is governed by a petty king. 
 
 The kingdom of Ningo (which by the French is 
 called Lanipi, and, by the Engliflt Lampa, or Alam- 
 po) borders weft on Labadde and (Jroat Acra, at 
 Kgwira, enft on Snco, and iouth on the lea of Ciui- 
 iica, extending about thirteen leagues along the coaft, 
 front Labadde to Lay. 
 
 The prince of Ningo bears the title of King of 
 Ladingcour, though he and his fubjciSs are depen- 
 dants on the king of Aquambp, who rules them arbi- 
 trarily, punifliing the ftightcft faults with inftant 
 death. 
 
 The country hereabout is indifferently populous, 
 and fertile, but vny well ftoeked with cattle, as 
 (.ijws, hiigi, (lioe|i, befides chickens, ijcc. all which 
 • ledaiK lv)ii^lit up very cheap by the blacks of the 
 tiul.l C'jjII, to tranl'port to the upper coaft. 
 
 The remaining trade of thefe peuple confifts in 
 li.iv>., which .iri alfo bought up by the abuve-men- 
 tiunol iiLj^fos, Init moft of them tranfportcd hence 
 by the Ln^lifti, Trench, and Porlugiiel'e fliips. Simie- 
 ttnu'a the lUve trade here provci veiy ;ulvgiit.i;jeou!i, 
 
 efpecially about the village Lay; but whert th«! 
 inland counties are at peace, no flavci arc to bo 
 had, fo that the trade being uncertain, the Uutcli 
 only touch here in paffing, without any dcpendancc 
 on it. 
 
 Belides trade, the inhabitants employ themfelves in 
 agriculture and fifhing, the firft of which proves pro- 
 fitable i but the fifliery, efpecially that on the fea< 
 turns .It moft, but to fmall account : for the fliore 
 here is very high, and of very difficult accefs ; where- 
 fore it is fometimes not to be come at with fmall ca* 
 noes } but this is abundantly made up by the lakes 
 and rivers, which are very richly ftofed with good 
 filh. 
 
 The principal villages in this country are Little 
 Ningo, Tema, or Temina, Sinchb, or Chinca, 
 Brambo, Pompena, or Ponni, Great Ningo, Lay, 
 or Alampi, and Ucca, all barren places, and very 
 difficult to land at. I'hofe moft noted for trade arc 
 Sincho, Great Ningo, and Lay; though in 1680, 
 the Dutch had Tome trade at Tema. 
 
 Chinca or Sincho, lies five leagues eaft from A<rr«, 
 a place much refortcd to from the beginivinKof the 
 lalt century, when it was firft known to the Dutch ; 
 though now the inhabitants apply themfelvcs much to 
 fithing, to fupply the market at Spife, a large town 
 inland, for which they p .y no duty to the king. The 
 blacks here buy much linen, and feveral forts of cloth 
 for the country trade, as do all the blacks along the 
 coaft from hence to Rio Volta. Their language dif-. 
 fcrs fiom that of Acra. The land yields plenty of 
 provifions, and abundance of fine large oranges. 
 They fomctimes catch thornbacks here fifteen feet 
 long. 
 
 Great Ningo lies five Icaguescaft of Sincho, and like 
 that can fcarce be feen from the road j nor has it any 
 notable land-mark, except the high mount, called 
 Redundo, ftandingdue north of Lay, up theceuntry. 
 'I'his place has fometimes a brifk trade for flaves anil 
 KoKI, which is brought to the blacks of Ningo and 
 Lay from Quaco, a country lying above them to the 
 inland, abounding in that metal. The blacks of this 
 village, and the country about, drive a great trade of 
 cattle, which they fatten in their pafture grounds ; 
 and cither the Gold Coaft negros come to buy them, 
 or they carry them thither, or to Acra, where they 
 make thirty crowns of a bullock. 
 
 The town of Lay, or Alampi, is two leagues eaft 
 from Great Ningo, and appears from the road, at 
 Mount Redondo, bearing north -north- weft, fix 
 leagues uj) the country. Here is the beft anchorage, 
 the ground being fand, mixed with very fmall ftones. 
 This hill is very large, and fhaped like a fugar ■ 
 loaf. 
 
 'J he fhore about Lay confifts of high, fteep cliffs 
 next the fca, in fcv^ral places rent afunder, and in 
 fume .idorncd with palm and other trees at fonic diU 
 tnnce from each other. Before thefe cliffs run a fine, 
 white, fandy ftrand, of a moderate breadth. The 
 town ftands on the afcent of a little hill, looking 
 towards the north, fo that few of the houfes can be 
 feen from the road. The inhabitants arecivilized and 
 fair dealers, but fo fufpicious, they will fcarce ven- 
 ture on board any Ihips, till lioftagcs are firft fciit on 
 fhore. 
 
 Alampi, which is a confiderable place for flaves ha* 
 been poH'cflcd by the African company for fome years, 
 having had a faiflory with five whites, tenGromettas, 
 and fmall arms. They made fome fteps towards 
 building a fort there, but the Dutch inlerpofcd with 
 the natives, and it has been difcontinued for fome 
 time. 
 
 When the Aquambo and Axim blacks are at War, 
 here is commonly a great number of flaves to difpofc 
 of, the prifoners taken on either fide being fold to tlie 
 Europeans. The Axim blacks carry theirs to Lay, 
 and the Aquambos, theirs to Acra, where they fell 
 them for cawris, or bujis, feyes, perpats, Coefvelt- 
 cloths, Silcfia-linen, bugles red and yellow, knives, 
 fiic-arms, powder, chintz, falampores. 
 
 7 One 
 
\ the 
 to bo 
 
 Dutch ' 
 
 idancc 
 
 :lvcsin 
 es pro- 
 ;hc kit 
 ,e (hote 
 whcrc- 
 nall ca- 
 ie lakes 
 th good 
 
 : Little 
 Chinca, 
 o, Lay, 
 nil very 
 trade arc 
 n 1680, 
 
 .m A«t» 
 
 igof the 
 
 Dutch ; 
 
 much to 
 rge town 
 
 ing. The 
 s of cloth 
 along the 
 juage Jif- 
 s plenty of 
 oiangcs. 
 iftcen feet 
 
 o, and like 
 has it any 
 nt, called 
 ac country. 
 
 flaves and 
 Ningo and 
 them to the 
 acksofthis 
 eat trade of 
 t grounds ; 
 
 buy them, 
 where they 
 
 leagues eaft 
 
 the road, at 
 
 - well, fix 
 
 anchorage, 
 mall Hones, 
 kc a fugar • 
 
 ftccp clifts 
 ndcr, and in 
 at fon\c die- 
 's run a fine, 
 :adth. The 
 tiill, looking 
 houlcs can be 
 ;civilizedand 
 , fcarce ven- 
 e firll lent on 
 
 for flaves ha« 
 )r fome years, 
 
 nGromettas, 
 ftcps toward* 
 Icrpofcd with 
 lued for fom* 
 
 cs are at War, 
 
 avcs to difpofe 
 jing fold to the 
 theirs to Lay, 
 ■vhcre they fell 
 )ats, Coefvelt- 
 cUow, knives. 
 
 One 
 
 mi-) 
 
 tOASTS AND ISLANDS OF AFRICA. 
 
 5'3 
 
 One Santi, a famous black, ufcJ to manage this 
 trade by the king of Lay's appointment, fettling the 
 price ot flaves according id th'.ir f.x and age, and alfo 
 of European goods : tiicn hoftagcs being given, he 
 fcnt the flaves on board by degrees as they came down 
 from the inland country to the town, and received the 
 goods in proportion to the flaves delivered ; fo that a 
 Inip was often fiiiniflicd with 4 or 500 flaves in a 
 fortnight or three weeks. 
 
 The French, Englifli and Portuguefc chiefly fre- 
 quent this coatt for flaves an,' provifions : however, 
 at fome times, when the inland country is at peace, 
 here are no flaves to be had, the trade being quite 
 uiicertniii. 
 
 The country of Ningo, Lamp!, or Alanipo, is 
 flat and low, populous and fertile, well ilored with 
 cattle; as coh>, fhcep, and fwiiic, befidcs poultry, 
 which are continually brought up there to fupply tiie 
 Gold Coafl. Tlitir f.fhcry is inconfidorable, tlie 
 ihore being high and inacceflible ; but the want of 
 fea-fifh is made up by the great plenty in the lakes and 
 rivers. 
 
 The people of Soco arc chiefly hufljandmen, having 
 no employment but that and fiftiin^', though their 
 fiflicry turns to little account on their co.ift" till one 
 comes to Acra. Very few of them are ritli, unlefs 
 it be the Lampi, Acra, or Aquambo-blaeks, a num- 
 ber of whom arc fettled amongll them, as well as at 
 Lay, Ningo, Sincho, and fo Co Pompcna, or Ponni, 
 well ward. 
 
 BefiJis the four villages before mentioned on the 
 Soco coaft, there are t'everal hamlets and cottages in- 
 termixed between them on the fliorc, but not of any 
 note. Some authors reckon this country a part of the 
 kingdom of Lampi. The maritime port of Soco is 
 flat and low, rifuig gradually inland, and very 
 
 7 'y- 
 
 d.i V'olta was fo called by the Portuguefe for 
 "N i lurfe and reflux. Its fourcc (according to 
 >' 11 Jem author) is in the kingdom of Acam, 
 
 ' .1; ■: '^ foulh on tliat of Gago, in nine degrees 
 north latitude 1 running thence through the country 
 of Tafou, in which are faid to be mines of gold, and 
 fo dowi vards fouth ilirouu;h Q^iaco, Aboura, Ingo, 
 and otlici places. The coaft about it is flat and low, 
 but up the land it rifes into hills, and very ftccp 
 mountains. The (hore is bordered all along with a 
 fine, large, fandy ftrand, forming fever.il little bays, 
 having nine fathoms water about a Icagu,; out to fca. 
 The land is pretty open for fome miles on cither fide 
 of the river, from whence may be fecn a great number 
 of palm-trees placed at equal diftances. Fiie country 
 farther up, is all woody, or covered with flirubs and 
 bufliy trees. 
 
 'J'his is a fine wide river, difcharging its waters fo 
 violently into the fta, that it is fometimes vifible three 
 or four miles from fliorc. How far it extends its 
 couric inland, the author knew not. The great 
 freflies, carry down continually great numbers of trees, 
 which flicking fall in the mouth of the river, occa- 
 fion a very high furf of extraordinary violence, as well 
 as lotty agitation of the waves ; fo that this place is 
 paflable witii canoes but twice in the year, and that 
 is ufually betwixt April and November, the weather 
 being then calm on the coaft, which generally is juft 
 before the rainy fcafon, when the reflux of the river is 
 not fo fwifl. : but after the rains, it is not poflible to 
 perfuaeic a negro to venture, tho' they arc conftantlv 
 ufed to pafj in boats along fliore, which here, by 
 reafon of the above mentioned furfs, they cannot do. 
 In efleiil, the River Volta is remarkable for the rapi- 
 dity of its ftrcam, making a very great fea upon the 
 bar; and carrying itfelf off for fome way unmixed : 
 at two leagues dlftance it is only brackifli. From 
 hence begins th- Papou (or Papo) Coaft, low and 
 woody. Having thus j^iven the reader an account of 
 the principal places in Guinea; wclhall now proceed 
 to clofe our voyager's narration. 
 
 On the 20th of April 1727, they embarked from 
 Wiiidah in the following manner ; their canoe lay on 
 Vot. I, No. 44 
 
 the beach with her head to the fea, and tliofc who were 
 paflingers ftepping in, fiit down in the fore part, be- 
 caiilc the alter part ii for the canoe men to ftand to 
 their paddles, being commonly 1 1 or 13 in number. 
 \Vhen they v/cre fixed in their places, the ncgros took 
 hold of the canoe, md having watched an opportunity 
 ran her oft' on the back of a wave; when leaping in, 
 they handled their paddles fo dexlroully, that, before 
 the return of the next wave, they had pufhcd her out 
 of danger of the fhore breakers. 'I'liis was noi a'l, 
 for about 30 yards off" is a bar, where the fea u.-aks 
 more violent than on the fliore : however, they got 
 over this, on the outfide of which, 40 yards dillaiit, 
 lies a third bar, the moft dangerous of all. Uetween 
 thcfe two rows of breakers (which roared like thun- 
 der) they lay by on their paddles near a quarter of an 
 hour. At laft the men feeing a great wave break on a 
 fudden, made a pufli towards it, and darted their canoe 
 quite through the fuccecding wave, which being 
 pretty fmall, only wetted them a little, and thus ef- 
 caped the ftiarks, which followed tlicm in great num- 
 bers and got fafe on board. 
 
 The next morning tlie ?.!ft at day break, they 
 weighed from Whidah, intending for Prince's Iflu 
 to wood and water for Ihfir voyage home; and, 
 on the 8th of May, arrived at that harbour. Ilett; 
 they bought up what frefli provifions they could get, 
 at a dear rate, took in water and wood, and careened 
 their fliip. The i6th they departed, and, on the 7.0th, 
 crofTed the line, and paid as ufual, The 23d they 
 defcried Cape Lopez In one degree fouth latitude, 
 being the laft fight they had of the African fliore. 
 Hero it was Sir Chaloner Ogle fupprefliid the famous 
 Pirate Roberts, for which he was knighted. Mr. 
 Smith faw fevcral of his followers hanging in chains 
 at Cape Coaft. 
 
 When they had run down about four degrees to the 
 fouthward of the line, they came into the true fouth- 
 caft trade wind, and fleered away vveftward, near 400 
 leagues in fouth latitude : after which, they ftiaped 
 their courfe north-north-wc ft, crofling the line again 
 on the 5th of June. The next day they fell into the 
 alternate calms anil ftorms that are always near the 
 line at thofc times of the year, efpecially between the 
 north-eaft and fouth-eaft trade winds. At length, 
 however, they got fairly into the true north-ealt 
 trade; and with a good gale, held their courfe about 
 north-north-weft, till July the ift, when being in 
 thirteen degrees, nineteen minutes, north, their fliip 
 fprung a leak : finding (he made more water thani 
 their pumps could difcharge, they were under no fmall 
 apprehenfions, being fo far from land, and h.ivi:iT; no 
 fhip in company : however, thccaptain afteradii'(>;cnt 
 fearcli, at laft difcovered a linall leak clofe up by her 
 ftcrn, about a foot under water. It being impoifible 
 to come at it on the outfide, on account of the ftiip's 
 dipping or pitching under water, they removed part of 
 the cargoc, which raifcd her bow a little higher out 
 of the lea, and confcqucntly eafed the leak. 
 
 However, as it ftill continued, they rclblved to bear 
 away before the wind, which they found much relieved 
 the ihain the ftiip laboured under, fo that they could 
 juft difcharge the water with both pumps as faft as it 
 came in. They then conliiltcd what was bell to be 
 done, and according to the captain's propofal, agreed 
 to bear away for the Weft Indies, for they were then 
 in the north-caft trade wind ; {> that being in the 
 latitude before mentioned, a wcftcrly courfe would 
 carry them direilly on to Barbadoes. Their diftance 
 bv computation, was near 700 league's : however, 
 they refolved to do their beft to keep her .ibove water a* 
 long as poflible ; and for that end, afligncd each othei; 
 their rcl'pc(5t employments ; the captain and mate were 
 to take the helm four hours by turns ; one Mr. 
 Wheeler and the author were to cake turns to drcfs the 
 vii5tuals, and make hot punch for the men at the 
 pump, who were allowed three hall pints each, every 
 watch, to keep up their Ipirits ; for which end the 
 failors were divided into two watches, that after they 
 had been nine or ten days in this extremity, the men 
 6 Q. gr«»r 
 
 <4i^ 
 
iimni 
 
 su 
 
 tOYAGES +0 BHASIL. 
 
 ^s^^ 
 
 i 
 
 grew difcoiiMjed with exceflive labour, and began to 
 miirniur, though they hnd every day frefli iiruvilions 
 killed (or thtm : but they endeavoured to hearten 
 riicm as well a« they could by the hopes of foon feeing 
 Barbadoes. Their yawl, which was a good large 
 boat, was on deck, but their long-boat havine been 
 flowed between decks, fcveral were deflrous of having 
 her broug'it up, and the fails, mafts, and oars put on 
 board her and the yawl : alio all other ncceflarics : 
 fuch as compaffes, provifions, water &c. to be ready 
 to take their boats in cafe of the word : others were 
 very muchagainft the propofal, fearing fomeof their 
 men, who are now grown dcfparate, would take ad- 
 vantage of the night to run away with the long-boat 
 and leave the reft j which mutt have been attended 
 with the lofs of the (hip, it requiring all hands to keep 
 her clear. 
 
 On the i6t1i of July, three of their men, who had 
 the larboard watch from four o'clock till eight, 
 fainted away at the pumps, and were carried like dead 
 men ofT the deck ; which occafioned the ftarboanl 
 watch to be ca'.ud, before the bell rang for eight. 
 This drove them almoft todefpair. However, Mr. 
 Smith had provided fome breakfaft ; and, as they were 
 eating it, one of the men at the pumps leaped up, 
 and cried as loud as he could. Land! Land! running 
 about, like a madman, for joy. On this, neglcift- 
 ing their food, they looked out {harp, and plainly 
 faw the land, the moft ajgreeable profpciSt they had 
 ever beheld. This was July the i6th, at nine in the 
 morning, and proved to be the ille of Barbadocs. 
 At four in the afternoon, they anchored inCarlide 
 Bay, which was then full of (hips. The lame night, 
 Thomas Leake, Efqj the Royal African Com- 
 pany's agent there, came oft' to relieve their weary 
 nifn at tlie pumps ; and the next morning Mr. Smith 
 went on (hore to Mr. Leake's houfe. Soon after he 
 W.1S introduced, by his friend Dr. Warren, to his ex- 
 cellency Governor Worflcy. 
 
 Meantime, on the 17th, their (hip was hauled 
 along fide of a hull which lay in the bottom of the 
 bay \ and wliilc fome were employed in unloading the 
 goods into the hull, in order to heave her down and 
 
 fearch her bottom, the reft Jtept botfi pumps continu- 
 ally at work, which were now fcarce iibl.; to keep' 
 her above water,' though (he lay motioiifcfi in a fnioutn 
 bay. 
 
 While Captain Liringftone, Mr. Leake, and fome 
 other gentlemen, were one day abroad, the men 
 pumped out a fmall, half-confumcd young dolphin, 
 without either head or tai!,' being about three inches 
 and an half long, which the captain put intofjiirirs 
 of wine to bring home, being afl'urcd this little filli 
 had lain fome time in the leak, and kept out many 
 tons of water, to which they owed the piefervation 
 of their lives. In heaving the (hip ilown, keel out of 
 water, they difcovcred a large gaping leak, within' 
 two ftreaks of her keel, where (lie had left about four 
 feet of her (hcatliing. Tliey Itrippcd off all the reft 
 from that fide of her bottom, but found no leak of 
 any fignification, till they had ftripped the other fide,' 
 when they had found a few fniall onjs. H.T plank 
 was all found and good, nor did her feams want any 
 oakum, except about feven inches, whci'c the piece 
 of (heathing was loft. 
 
 Having refitted this vefTcI, they left B.ar'badots on 
 theiSthof Auguft, and when they had crolUd the 
 north-eaft trade, and come into the way of the vari- 
 able winds in latitude 29 degrees north, they met with, 
 brifk gales at weft and fouth-weft, which cariici 
 them at the rate of nine or ten miles an hour. Sep- 
 tember the 2ld, they came into foundings of fine 
 fand, eighty fathoms water. The 25th tliey made the 
 Lizard, and, with a fmart gale at fouth-weft, came up 
 the channel. 
 
 At day-break, on the 26th, they were .ibreaft of 
 the Ifie of Wight, when the wind changed to fouth- 
 eaft, and blew fo hard, they were obliged to bear away 
 for Portfmouth ; and though they made the proptr 
 fi;;nals, yet no pilot boat would venture off; howcvci', 
 their chief mate being well acquainted with the chan- 
 nel, undertook to carry in the (hip, which he fafely 
 performed, and at eleven o'clock they anchored in 
 I'ortfmouth harbour, September 26, 17-7, bavir.g 
 thus concluded their long and dangerous voyage. 
 
 S'Lt. 
 
 C^o 
 
 VOYAGES TO, AND SETTLEMENTS in BRASIL. 
 
 BRASIL was difcovercd by Don I'cdro Alvarez dc 
 Cabral, by accident, as we have already ob- 
 fervcd, in the year 15CO, and the difcovcry being 
 thought of too much importance to be neglecltd, fet- 
 tlemcnts were formed there at various times, and the 
 new colonies flourifhed am.ir.ingly. 
 
 In order to facilitate thefe eftabliftiments, the crown 
 had rocourle to >he making very extcnilvc grants, to 
 futh as had either an in':lination to fettle there, or a 
 power of fending other«. Upon this plan it was that 
 fomeof the chief nobility had lands allotted them, 
 equal in extent to l^ortugal itfelf. This was to be 
 improved, and rendered valuable at the cxpence of 
 others. 
 
 John in. king of Portugal, in the year 1549, un- 
 jreneroiifly revoked thofe grants made by his pvcdecef- 
 li»rs to the original proprietors. 
 
 The fame year he fent over Thomas de Soufa, with 
 the title t f Governor-General of Brafil, who fetting 
 fail with a Hi-ct of fix mcnot war, carried with him a 
 great number of oflicerp, both civil and military j a 
 confiderable body of foldiers, and fix fathers of the 
 new order of Jefuils, to attempt the convctfion of 
 the Indians. He was invefted with an entire new plan 
 
 of power, adjufted according to the view of the 
 court, was ordered to build a new town in the bay of 
 All Saints, and to take the necefl'ary nicafures for 
 fecuring the colony againft its enemies. 
 
 He arrived in the month of April, and foon began 
 to execute his orders, making war upon the Urafili;ins, 
 building the town of St. Salvador, and monaOeries 
 for the Jefuits. 
 
 What this governor could not finifli, his fucren'or 
 Edward Acofta, faw com pleated j lo that in his time, 
 the number of towns as well as inabitants, was 
 doubled; he ftrengthcned the towns by raifing better 
 fortifications, a ffcp that became neccfiary, bccnufe 
 other nations began to think of fettling in America, 
 and (haring witli the Spaniard^ and Portuguefe the 
 advantages ariCng from the colonies. 
 
 Acofta demolifli'il the old f )itilications, which wcrr 
 of earth, raifed new ines of brick and ftone, and fur- 
 ni(hcd them with artillery. Nor was it long before 
 the expediency of this new method of fortifying was 
 jultified by experience, as the I'rcnch made more than 
 one bold attempt \< diftutb the Portuguefe in the pof- 
 feflion of this country. 
 
 In the reign of Henry II, of France, the aft'airs of 
 
 that 
 
^5^^ 
 
 iC^cl 
 
 ^•OYAGES TO DRASIL. 
 
 5's 
 
 dial kiiiijiloin were 1:1 -""il lonfufion, the dilpiitcs 
 hot Ai-fn tlic Calholi^.■^ niij C;iluiiilts being carricil oi> 
 ro the utmolt lieiglit, which made numbers of people 
 tieiiruusol leaving iheir native I'uil, to feck an caller 
 ami more contented lituaiion in a diftant coun- 
 try. 
 
 Among thcfc wns Nieholas Dtirant, lorJof Vil- 
 legagon, and knight of Malta, who having fervcd at 
 fea with great reputation, was made vice-admiral of 
 Britany. Though this poft was rather honour;iMe 
 than lucrative, it created him To many enemies, and 
 he was fo ill treattd at Nantes, that he refolvcd to leave 
 the kingdom, and carry a colony into fomc diHant 
 part of the world ; and having received fomc toler- 
 able accounts of Brafil, he drew up a fchcme for fix- 
 ing a fettlement in that country, which he ptefented 
 to Gafper de Coligny, admiral of France, requeu- 
 ing his afliftance towards fitting out a fquadron for 
 that purpofe. 
 
 The admiral therefore repref?nted the affair in fuch 
 a light to the king, that he obtained permiflion to fit 
 out three large vcflels, which after having taken a 
 fufficient number of adventurers on board, failed from 
 Havre de Grace in the month of May, 1555, and 
 arrived at Brafil in November following, after a 
 troublefome and dangerous voyage. 
 
 At firft they landed upon a rock, which they found 
 uninhabitable, but marching farther within land, tlicy 
 fixed upon a very commodious fpot of ground, almolt 
 under the tropic of Capricorn, where they built a 
 convenient fortrcfs, to fecurc themfelves both againft 
 the Portuguefc and the natives, and gave it the name 
 of Fort Coligny. 
 
 When they were fixed, the Sieur de Villcgagnon 
 wrote the admiral a full account of his proceeding 
 and fituation : he defcribcd the country and its inha- 
 bitants : faid it would be no difticult matter to main- 
 tain themfelves there, and make it both a ufeful and a 
 thriving colony ; but remarked that fuch as were fent 
 over to him muft not cxpcft the delicacies of Kuropej 
 that they had no other bread but what was made of 
 a certain root ground to powder, no wine, much fifli, 
 and fome venifon ; and that people who could content 
 themfelves with fuch provifions, would find a fecurc 
 retreat at his fort in Brafil. 
 
 The admiral, on receipt of this letter, communi- 
 cated it to the famous John Calvin of Genevn, who 
 |)revailed on a dozen zealous proteflants of that city, 
 to engage in the defign of improving this new fet- 
 tlement. One Du Pont, a perfon of charai5ler and 
 good fcnfc, undertook the conduifling this affair, in 
 conjunction with two miniflcr^, Peter Richer, who 
 had formerly been a Carmelite, and William Cliar- 
 tier, both of them good men, but very great zealots. 
 
 Thcle let out together from Geneva in the month 
 of September, 1556, and went to Chatillon, where 
 they were kindly received by the admiral, and by his 
 afliltance, joined to their own intcred, they foon col- 
 Jetled 300 men, who embarked at Houflcur on board 
 three ftiips about the middle of November following. 
 
 They arrived at Fort Coligny on the 7th of March, 
 1557, and were received with great joy and fatisfac- 
 tion. But it was not long that things continued in 
 this ftatc, for the Sieur de V'illegagnon and the 
 Miniiler Richer, fell out about religion, and their Jif- 
 putes rofc to fuch a height, that he drove Richer and 
 all his adherents out c>f the colony, upon which tliey 
 failed up the Rio Janeiro, and eftablifhed themfelves 
 upon the continent, where they remained about eight 
 months, and then, being weary of the country, returned 
 to France, where they did not fail to rcprefent the 
 Sieur de Villegagnon in the blackeft colours, as an 
 apoilate and hypocrite) on which the admiral, who 
 had no other view than fervingthe proteftant caufv by 
 this ellablilhmcnt, fiitding the end not likely to be an- 
 fwercd, determined to give himfelf no farther concern 
 about it. 
 
 The Sieur de Villegagnon finding himfelf thus 
 abandoned, loft all patience, and taking the bcfl mc- 
 Niods he was able for the protection of the colony in hi'i 
 7 
 
 abfence, he returned to Fmncc, where lie piiMiHicd 
 an apology for his own conduifl, in wli'h lie p.iiiitiJ 
 the minifters in as bad a light as they hail placed liini i 
 but finding no gu(,d conl'equencts arofe from this pro- 
 ceeding, he retirid to a coiiir.nnJary of his own or- 
 der, and fpeiu the red oS his days in writing agalnil 
 ihc Proteftants. 
 
 The Portuguefc in the mean time, feizcd tliis op- 
 portunityj to rid themfelves of tlieir new ncighbouis, 
 and the very next year, Emaiiu.l Sa, tlien governor 
 of Brafil, cut off the French that were left behind, 
 and deftroyed their fort. 
 
 After this the Portuguefc continued to enjoy their 
 fcttlements quietly for a cunfidernble time; till .it 
 length, a French Captain, named RilF.iut, whrj had 
 been cruiliiigon the Spaniards, happened to touch ac 
 the ifland of Marignan, on the Coad of Brafil, and 
 contracted fo great an intimacy with the Indian Chief 
 of the ifland, that he invited him to bring a fufficient 
 number of his countrymen, to fix a fettlcment there, 
 which he afTurcd him would turn out to good accounr, 
 and that he would affift him to the utmofl t>i' his 
 power. 
 
 The French captain readily embraced tliis offer, 
 and rctutning to France^ he, in the year 1549, found 
 means to fit out three fhips, fu efuCliMlly, tli^t theic 
 was juft grounds to hope for cxtraordimiiy lucccfs 
 from the expedition : but before he could le.ich the 
 intended ifland, his men mutinied feveral times, and 
 on his arrival on the coalt of it, cither by accident, 
 or by quarrels among his people, the largcll of the 
 three fhips ran on fhore and was loft, which obliged 
 hiin to return to France, but Ibme few of his people, 
 among whom was M. de Vaux, chofe to tcnuin 
 with the natives, who gladly acceptcil their company. 
 In the mean time the IJrtch refolvini! to come in 
 for a fharc in the new fettlcment equipped a Itrong 
 fquadron, under Admiral Willikins, and entering- 
 the Bay of All Saints, took St. Salvador,, the capital 
 of Brafil ; but Philip the fourth. King of Sp;iin and 
 Portugal, caufed a large fleet to be fent out, which 
 arriving fafe in the bay, found the town already 
 blocked up by a land army. The garrifun mutiniei 
 and the governor was obliged to furrender. 
 
 However, the Dutch determined not thus to aban- 
 don their defign. In 1630, they again mide good their 
 footing on that continent, though not w ithout fouie 
 ilifficulty : the town of Olinda was now in pdFi ITinn 
 of their countrymen, but clofily blocked up by thr 
 famous Albcrquerque. In the mean. time Admiral 
 Pater was informed that a Spanifh and Portuguefc fleet 
 was at lea. 
 
 The Dutch admiral had but fixtecn vi flels ; but 
 jealous of the honour of his country, he was deter- 
 mined to fight at any rate j and therefore refolved not 
 to wait for, but meet the enemy, which he accordingly 
 did, in fix degrees fouth latitude. As foon as they 
 appeared in fight, the Dutch fleet feeing how unequal 
 the difpute was likely to prove, ten of thtir captains 
 bote away, and left the admiral with fix fhips only, 
 to fight an enemy of almoft ten times his number. 
 
 Admiral Pater had two flags under him, \yho, to 
 their immortal honour, were two of thofc who flaid 
 with him; fo that to fix fliips there wcie three 
 jidniirals. 
 
 The engagement was long and bloody : feveral of 
 the Portuguefc vcffcN were funk, and it plainly ap- 
 peared, tliat if the othuf ten fliips had ftaid, vicTory 
 would have declared for the Dutch : but at length 
 Admiral Thys, in the Prince William, was funk, 
 and not long after, a Portuguefc man of war Jicharg- 
 ing a broad-fide at the Dutch admiral, a ball fell into 
 the powder-room, by which the fhip was blown up, 
 and that bravc man loft. On which,' the four Dutch 
 fhips that remained retiicd, but did it with fo m'lcK 
 courage and addrefs, that they not only arrived fafe at 
 Olinda, but likewife cai i.-l oft a Portuguefc man of 
 war they had taken. 
 
 On Admiral D'Oqucndo's ariiving on the Coaft of 
 Brafil, he contented himfelf with findinij refrcfh- 
 
 men:i 
 
VOYAGES TO B R A S I I, 
 
 F'53». 
 
 
 incuts ami r^lnf(>rccnirnts to the army of Allicr(;iicr- 
 liui', l)ut nuilf nil iiiifiHpt ag.iinll t'lic city of Oliiid.i, 
 iiiid coiilciinriiily Iclt ihlni^s little bittirth.in he found 
 tlicin ; which he cxciifid from the great iofs lie hiid 
 fu.Tercd in b.ittl,', anuniniiii^ in the whole, to no Ids 
 thin thirteen f.iil, taken ami funic. 
 
 In tho month of Oolohcr, he lit fail for I.ifljiin, 
 but in his palV.i^e nut with fmir Dutch men of war, 
 who did not hefitate to attack hitn, lhoui;h he had 
 ilill 40 fail, and inoft of thorn large fliips. IVOquendo 
 in tliis en^^agcment, lotl the captain of his o«n 
 Ihip, and twenty-two other captains, bcfiJes his vicc- 
 aJniiral, three men of war, two frigates, and about 
 fcvcii hundred private men ; fo that he carrkd home 
 the remains of a fleet, unfortunate from the beginning; 
 and yet wi. 3ut any impeaclinitiit of his own 
 diariiilcr; the bl.ime falling entirely upon the 
 minilters, who had oblijjed him, notwithHanding his 
 jc:nonflrances, to fail, with ftiips which were not 
 above half manned or equipped. 'I'hc miniliers unable 
 to remedy this misfortune, declared thcmfelvcs will- 
 inj; to do all in their power to repair it ; and therefore 
 orders were given for providing a larger fleet, and for 
 equipping and manning thereof in a propner manner ; 
 the command of which, was given to IJon Fredrick 
 ("e Toledo, who had acquired great reputation ; but 
 af;cr abundance of pains being taken, it was found 
 that nothin;; could be done that fcafon., and therefore 
 it was deterred till the following fpring ; when it was 
 detcriiiined to fend fucli a force as IhoulJ put an end to 
 the war at once : hut as it was far c.ifier to projeil 
 lino fchemes, than to execute them j fo, notwithfland- 
 ing this famou"! admiral aflually pricccdcd on his 
 voyage with a large fleet, every way well provided, 
 yet he crtciled fo little, that authors have not even 
 recorded the particulars of what he diil. 
 
 From this time the Dutch arms w.-rc very profpe- 
 roui in Braftl, and the amazing fuccefs they meet 
 with was fuch as to induce the natives of Siara, one 
 of the mod northern captainlliips to declare for the 
 Dutch, and offered to aflift them ai;.iinft the Portu- 
 guefe, upon a promife of being left to the enjoyment of 
 their freedom : whereupon a body of troops being fent 
 to join them, under C'^pt. Gartman, he, « ith the af- 
 (iitanccof aBrafilian prince, reduced thatwlioledilfiliif. 
 
 Count Maurice now refolved to put in execution 
 the repeated orders he had received from the Weft 
 India company, for attacking St. S ilvauor in the bay 
 of All Saints, which was cftecmcd the capital of 
 Bralil : wherefore he embarked all the forces he could 
 eolleft at Oliniia, and on the Sth of April, i6<S. 
 landed with them in the bay of All Saints, thin!;ing 
 to have furprifed the Portuguefc : but the count dc 
 Banjola, being in the neighbourhood with a fniall 
 b'ldv of rcgiil.ir troops, threw himf;lf into tlic place, 
 though the govern )r of it w.is his enemy j and it w.is 
 «:n the cniiiitv fubfifting between them that count 
 Maurice founded his hopes of fuccel's. 
 
 Count Maurice attacked, and without much ditli- 
 culty made lii;nfelf matter of the ftrong fort of Albert, 
 that of St. Bartholomew, and the famous caftle of St. 
 Philip. This fuccefs encouraged him to creel two 
 bitttiies, to r.'tack at the fame time Fort Rofes, 
 vvhirli covered the city on one fide, and a horn work, 
 wb.ich wa? its principal ftrcngth on tBc other. Be- 
 tween thcfe tlieie wa~ a piece of grounil covered with 
 flirubs ard bufhcs, where count Banjola advifcd the 
 governor to poll hii'il'Jf with four hundred men, 
 w hile he made a f.'.'.ly. This had the intended eftc^fl ; 
 (fy! after an obliinate difpu'.e, the Dutch, endeavouring 
 to retiic iliiougli that peace of ground; were Jttacked 
 in the rrar ; ami beliJe- three hundred of their bcft 
 men, loll, four officers of dillinifion, and their principal 
 engineer; upon whiih Count Maurice abandoned the 
 caitles he h.id taken, ;i;-.d mad: a hafty reWcat. 
 
 The Spanifli government having in the mean time, 
 received an exact account of the llatc of aflairs in Bra- 
 fll, came to a lefulution of repairing their late niif- 
 takes, bv fending thither fuch a fleet and army, as 
 ftiould eftecfually put an end to tlic war, by oblij-ing 
 the Dutth loubaiicoii iill their conqucfts. 
 
 However the vigilance of the Count >'t l.u Torres 
 w.as fuch, that he put to fca with a flttt (.f ninety fail, 
 large and fuiall, with liooo nuu on board, in the 
 month of J.miMry ifi^o. 
 
 Count Maui ice, on the other hand, having ailim- 
 bled 41 men of war, waited for the inemy w ithin louc 
 miles of Olinda under the Count, this laft fliet wa» 
 commanded by \Villiam Loos, a Dutch admiral of 
 diflinguifhed bravery. The fleets meeting on the 12th 
 of the fame month, between the ifland of Tamara 
 and the river (jojana, fought from one in the afternoon 
 till night; the Dutch in this engagement loft four 
 men, one of whom was their Adniiial Lcos ; but he 
 was replaced the next day, by Janus Huyghens, who 
 engaging the Spaniftt fleet a feconil lime, obtaincit 
 confiderable advantages. 
 
 At length after many ftruggles on the ijihof June, 
 1641, they figncd a league oflx-nfivc and defenfivc, 
 regarding the dominions of both flatcs in Europe, 
 and a truce for ten years in the Eaft and Weft In- 
 dies : It was alfo Itipulatcd, that commiflioncrs 
 (hould meet in eight months in order to conclude a 
 definitive treaty of peace, and to fettle the pretenfions 
 of both parties ; but the Dutch took care to provide, 
 that if this treaty Ihoulil prove Incficdiial, the truce 
 and free trade between both ftatci fticuld Ifill conti- 
 nue j only the Portuguefc Ihould be rcflridlcd from 
 exporting any of the commodities of Brafil into Hol- 
 land, and the Dutch were to be under the like rell.if 
 tions refpciling the d»minions of Portugal. 
 
 Nevcrthclcis there were continual bickerings be- 
 tween the two ilates in this part of the world, till af- 
 fairs were reduced to the fituation which they now; 
 remain. The country difpiitcd being in pofltflion of 
 the Portuguefr. 
 
 The country of Brafil may be reckoned 2CC0 niilcj 
 from eaft to weft, and 2500 fiom north to fouth, tho' 
 even to this d.iy the Poituguefe have hardly pene- 
 trated 500 miles in any part of it. 
 
 The northern parts of the country, which lie near 
 the equator, art fubjciil to great rains and variable 
 winds, morcefpecially about the months of Maieh aiivl 
 September, when they were frcquentlv diflmbid by 
 molt dreadful hurricanes and tempt Its, which lajiiig 
 the country under w.iter, render it very luiwhol*- 
 fomc. 
 
 The part of Brafil which lies to the fout'', is one 
 of the fineft countries in the world, in every rifpciit : 
 but the Poituguefe dominions are but narrow in this 
 part, Iving bounded by the Spanilh territories on the 
 river of Plate. 
 
 The native Brafillians differ vciy little in fiatuir or 
 complexion from the Porttigucfe ; but th(.y jjieatly 
 exceed them in the ftrength, robultmfs and Mg(;ui ol 
 their bodies. Some of them lived on plain'^, fi me iii 
 vill.igc<, snd others moved from place to pl.tce accoid- 
 ing to their fancies. Their villages confiftcd only of 
 thi-ec or four large houfes, not unlike cur ban.s, in 
 which a whole family or tribe lived together, imJei die 
 authority of the eldcll patent. 
 
 From tlie time the Dutch abandoned Bt-if;!, th; 
 Portuguefc have fufleicd no (hips to trade thithir, ex- 
 cept their own, AH the trade of the five north- rn 
 captainlhips, viz. Paria, Maragnan, Siara, Rio 
 Grande, and Paraiba, is carried on at thclaft mentioned 
 port, which lies on a river of the fame name, at 
 the diftancc of about five leagues from the fea. 
 
 Paraiba is a fine and well peopled tow.-., and there 
 are annually fevcn or eight Ihips fent thither from Lif- 
 bon and Oporto, of the burden of 200 tons each. 
 Their lading confifts chiefly of fugar, of which they 
 make more in the northern captainlhips than in the 
 fouth : cfpecially finccthc difcovery of the gold mines 
 which has made the fouthcrn inhabitjnts negligent 
 with regard to cultivation. 
 
 The fugar of Brafil was the firft that was brought 
 to Europe, the Portuguefe having erefled their work* 
 in this country as early as the year 1580; and their 
 beinj;_fo long in polFeflion of it, has made them more 
 careful in the management of their fugar than any 
 6 Vthcf 
 
15^7'] 
 
 Voyages to drasil 
 
 5'/ 
 
 cx- 
 
 h in 
 Rio 
 
 at 
 
 thcra 
 Lif- 
 
 rach. 
 
 thi-y 
 
 tlie 
 
 nines 
 
 igcnt 
 
 lUght 
 
 their 
 
 more 
 
 anjr 
 
 nther nation i To that even now the clayed Aigart 
 Irom Brafil, are finer and whiter than ours, and yet 
 l|je method of preparing it is no ftcrct. 
 
 They alfu bring woods I'ur the dyers ufet fcveral 
 kinds of drug^, precious ftones, and other valuable 
 I'.otnmodities from F.traiba, which is the Icalt fre- 
 (|ucnted port of Brafll | however, thefe northern 
 captainfliips arc belt peopled, and their inhabitant* 
 are eafy in their circumftances, though there has been 
 as yet no mines worked in thofe parts, notwithftand- 
 iiig fome Spanifh writers affirm, that from the appear- 
 ance of the foil on the fides of the mountains, it is 
 hijchly probable they arc rich in filver. 
 
 fhe Brafll tree grows in dry barren places, and 
 among rocks, is very large and thick, and the timber 
 is generally crookid and knotty. It bears flowers of 
 a very beautiful bright red, wnich have a very fra- 
 grant fmell, and inftead of hurting, as mod per 
 fumes do, it chcrilhes and flrengthens the brain. 
 Though the tree is very large, it is covered with fo 
 thick a bark, that when the Brafilians have dripped 
 it off, a tree as thick as a man's body, is left no 
 thicker than the calf of his leg. The wood is very 
 heavy, dry and hard; it cracks much in the fire, but 
 fcarceraifes any fmoke. That which is the thickeft, 
 foundeft, and hardefl, is efteemed the befl. 
 
 The Bay of Bahia, or as the Portuguefe call it, the 
 Bay of All Saints, is about 12 leagues over; but in 
 ieveral places is fcarcely navigable, on account of 
 ihoals and fand-banks. In this bay there are fcvcral 
 fmall iflands, on which the Portuguefe have planta- 
 tions of tobacco and fugar, and tliey have likewife 
 very good fithcrieson thecoaftsnf the iflands, and on 
 ' the b<inks. 
 
 The city of St. Salvador is a fortified town. It 
 lies at the entrance of the bay in 14. degrees fouth la- 
 titude, and is at prefent the centre of the Portuguefe 
 trade in this part of the world. It has a very fine 
 port, which by a little induftry, might be rendered 
 more commodious. 
 
 St. Salvador is at prefent the feat of an archbifhnp, 
 and is divided into upper and lower. We fhall be 
 gin with defcribing the latter, in which reflde all the 
 merchants and people of buflnefs i and perhaps there 
 is not in the world a place of its fize of greater trade. 
 It liesat the foot of a hill which is extremely fteep. 
 There is in it a royal arfenal, befides the king's ware- 
 houlcs and magazines, which are large, well filled, 
 and kept in excellent order. There is likewife a very 
 fine yard for building of Oiips, which are not only 
 built here at Icfs expcnre than in Europe, but are 
 more ferviieabic th.'\n EurO)\.an veflcis, becaufc the 
 timber has the peculiar advantage of the worms being 
 unaWo to penetrate it. 
 
 Tlic up|>er town is fe.ited on the fummit of a hill ; 
 the houfes are Utt;o, and tolerably convenient ; but 
 the inequality of tlie ground on which they ftand, 
 fpoils their appearance, and renders the ftreets very 
 difaj;reealile. The greu fquare is in the middle of 
 the town, and the four fides of this fquare are taken 
 up with the viceroy's palace, the town-houle, the 
 mint, and other public builJini;'!, v»hich iire built of 
 ftone brought from Ponugal, this country producing 
 none fit for the purpofe. 
 
 AH other capiainOiips which lie farther to the fouth, 
 carry on their trade i-y the Rio Janeiro, lb called from 
 its having been dil'covereJ in the month of January, 
 in which is at prt(v-ni one of the moft coiiliderable 
 
 of tradc) as appears from llie numbir of (hipi Un- 
 thithcr every year from Portugal. 
 
 The king's tillli ot the (;(ilii returned annilally from 
 
 Brafll to Lifbon, is about ^oo.orol. llirlin^,, iothat 
 
 rivers in the world. The banks of it are as beauti 
 ful and plealant as tan be imagined ; the climate fine ; 
 the luil is f^ronjjly IVrtile, producing lugar, indigo, 
 tobacco and cottun, all ih great perfeiEtion. It has 
 been likewife found that European corn will grow 
 there with very litle trouble •, but on account of the 
 gold mines, this and all other improvements have 
 becndifcour.-.gcd, ihovii^h independent of thofe mines, 
 thisaniglii be londdfrcd as the richcll part of Brafil. 
 .•The city of .St. Scbaftian, is the capital of this 
 country. There are fveral other confiderable towns 
 on the Rio Janeiro, sll of which have a large fliarc 
 V-i,. I. No. 44. 
 
 the whole return is about a million and a half, to 
 which: if we add what is ptivaielv brought to Eu- 
 rope without paying the duty, and which i<exchan|.:ed 
 with the Spaniards for filver, we may very rralori- 
 ably fuppofe that the annual produce of the Urafillan 
 gold, is not lefs thnn two niillinn<. 
 
 The captainlhip of St. Vincent lies foutliward 
 from that of Rio Janeiro 1 it is bounded on the north 
 by the new captainlhip of Rio j on the fouth by tM 
 new captainlhip, or that called Del Rev ; on the 
 eaft by the ocean, and op the weft by the nicutains 
 of La Plata, and countries inhabited by various la- 
 vage nations. 
 
 The town of St. Vincent is fituaetd in a very fine 
 bay of the Atlantic ocean, and is a well fortifie<( 
 place. Not far from the north-weft lies the town of 
 Santos, which fome efteem the capital of the pro- 
 vince, and which is as fine a port as any in the Wefl- 
 Indies. 
 
 The captainlhip of Del Rey is the only one to thrf 
 fouthwardof St. Vincent. It extends from the lati- 
 tude of 18 to 34 degrees 30 minutes fouth, being 
 about 400 miles in length, but not above 100 broad 
 in any part of it. 
 
 Their method of reckoning up their age is fingular 
 enough, they lay by a chcfnut every year, beginning 
 the computation of the years with the rifing of ;l 
 ftar called Tacu, or the rain ftar. 
 
 Perfons of the blood royal are diftinguifhed by theit 
 hair cut in a particular form, and by long thumb- 
 nails, which latter is peculiar to the king, princes of 
 the blood being allowed long nails on tlieir lingers, 
 but not on their thumbs. 
 
 The people in the inland parts of Brafil acknow- 
 ledge a Supreme Being, whom they call Tuba, wliich 
 fignifies " Somewhat moft excellent ;" and they calf 
 thunder by the name of Tubakununga, that is, " a 
 noife made by the Supreme Excellence." They have 
 likewife fome imperfttl ideas of the general de- 
 luge. 
 
 With regard to futurity, thev are of opinion that 
 the foul does not die with the tiody, but is conveyed 
 to certain picafant vales beyond the mountains, where 
 they are to fpend their time in finging and dancing, 
 and toenjoy the greateft pleafures i but thefe rewards 
 are only for thofe who have difiinguiflied themfc1ve« 
 in performing great ai5)ion$ for the welfare of thcif 
 country, tit. On the contrary, thofe who have 
 lived an idle life, they fay will be tormented by evil 
 fpirits, for whom they have many diftcicnt names, 
 and of whom they are extremely afraid. 
 
 Thefe people have priefts among them, whom they 
 confider as prophetic inrtru6h)rs, and whom they 
 fail not to confult in all affairs of confequcncc, el- 
 peciallv thofe of war. 
 
 Brafll, as our author obferves, befides leopard-;, tv- 
 gers, and ounces, has fome animals peculiar to thft 
 country, of which the following arc the moft re* 
 markable. 
 
 The tapiroufTon, which though fomcwhat rcltmb* 
 ling a cow, differs much from that animal in other 
 relpciSls ; it has long horns of a reddilh colour, fhort 
 neck, and long hanging ears, fmall legs, and docs 
 not divide the hoof. Theflefh taftcs like beef. The 
 hide when dry is almoft impenetrable. 
 
 The cauti is fomewhat like a badger; it is cruel 
 and ravenous, and devours every creature it can maf- 
 ter, though its chief food is birds and their c^gs, and 
 young ferpents. 
 
 The porcupine is alfo a native of this country, 
 where it is called Kuandu ; it is about the fize of an 
 ape, with round, flaring fiery e^es. It is covered 
 with quills inftcad of hair. Its chief food is fowl. 
 The flelh of the porcupine is eaten by the Bra- 
 fil ians. 
 
 The Armadilla is fo called from bciiig completely 
 6 R covcrecl 
 
-r2s_ 
 
 *Kj«Aj>;i.../^i«j,.„., 
 
 |.« 
 
 VOYAOkS TO GREEN LAND; 
 
 r'553 
 
 covered witli fcates )ike armour. 'I'hc lirnd is like 
 thut uf a hog, and it lu« a iharp nufc and a ('mail (harp 
 toiigiir, wicii (hurt ears ot a dark brown colour, it 
 fccdt upuii roots and alio upon all Torts ol carrion. 
 
 The fluggnrd (or fluth) is about the fize of a fox : 
 Its head is round, and its mouth is conftantly foam- 
 ing, its teeth is fmnll and blunt, and its nofe is high 
 and liiiooth, its body is covered with hair of an afhen 
 Colour. It fcarccly moves but by compulfion, 
 dwells on.tiees, ami hides itfelf from the approach of 
 rain. 
 
 The fenembi or land crocodile is common in Bra- 
 fil. Its flefl) is faid to taOe like that of a rabbit. 
 
 The tamendua or ant bear, feeds on thcfc infe(^s 
 Tvhich it is faid to catch by leaving but its long tongue, 
 till a number of them fettle on it, and then drawing 
 them in all at once. 
 
 Here are found variety of beautiful parrots, one fpc- 
 Cies in particular (called the Tuin) which though 
 Scarcely bigger than a fparrow, is perpetually talking 
 and Tinging, and will l«cd out of the mouth of theper- 
 fon who breeds it. 
 
 The bird called thcGuiranhcugctta is about the fize 
 of a Goldfinch ; its wings and back are blur, its 
 belly and bread yellow, ana it lias a diadem of yellow 
 feathers upon its head. It has the notes of many other 
 forts of birds, and makes fo great a variety of turnings 
 and changes in its finging, that it forms a pcrfeA con- 
 cert of itfelf. 
 
 Brafil produces a kind of bats of the fize of a crow, 
 which have very fliarp teeth, and bite with great 
 ▼ iolence, Thefe build nefts in old walls, or in hollow 
 trees. 
 
 The bill-bird is about the fize of a pigeon, and has 
 a fafFron coloured crop about the neck, of three or 
 four fintfcri in compuTii. Its bill, which is Tull as 
 large as its whole body, is yellow on the outfide, and 
 red ivitliin ; and its feathers, uhich arc yellow on the 
 brcalt, and black on all other parts, arc tipped with 
 K'd. 
 
 There is a bird of a very odd appearance, called the 
 Barn-bird. Its bill is of a moil amazing length ; it 
 has a crown uf green and white feathers upon its 
 head, one half of which, together with liaU the 
 neck, has no feathers at all. It is about the fiz? of u 
 Aork, and when Ikinncd and boiled, is cftecmcd 
 tolerable good food. 
 
 Many mrts of wild fowl are alfo found here, which 
 differ but little from thofe of Kurop*. ^mong the 
 fmall birds, the Brafilian httmming-bird is the moft 
 remarkable, for though very fmall, it makes a loud 
 noife, and is of To variable a hue, that whatever way 
 it is turned it changes its colour. 
 
 Among the different kinds of fcrpents found in 
 Brafil, is the rattle fnakc, which is alfo common 
 among the Englilh fettlements, but the moft remark- 
 able is the guaku or liboya, a ferpent of a mofl pro- 
 digious fize, of a voracioHS nature, and will leap out 
 of the hedges upon men or wild beads. However it 
 is not fo venomous as other fcrpents, and the flcfh of 
 it is eftecmed tolerable food. 
 
 The gckko is a fcrpent of a ipoft venomous nature, 
 and the bite of it proves mortal, unlefs the wounded 
 part be immediately cut oiF or burnt with a hot iron. 
 
 The fcorpions of this country grow to a very large 
 lize, and their fling i; venomous. 
 
 The lizards of Brafll, which are about four feet in 
 lenatbt are eaten with liifeiy by the natives. 
 
 Amongfthc fpidcrs of this country, there is one fort 
 Of a remarkable large fizcj which is ufually found lit 
 dunghills, or the cavities of hollow trees. 'J'hcie 
 Weave webbs like other fpidcrs j and If provoked, they 
 wound with a ding fo fmall as to be feaicely vifibic, 
 and yet fo venomous, that it faifcs a bluifli fwcllinr, 
 which is extremely painful, and if not prevented by 
 a fpecdy antidote, will even prove <noit»l. 
 
 Among the vcgeubles of Hrafil,' is the mandioca 
 root, from which the Hrafiliuns derive a -{rent part of 
 their fubfidanccj for being dried, pouilercJ, and 
 afterwards baked in the manner of bread, it Tcrves Tor 
 the common food of the inhabitants of a good part of 
 America. This root is not unlike a parTiiip, is nearl/ 
 the thicknefs of a man's arm, and two or three feet in 
 length. It has this peculiar quality belonging to it: 
 that when eaten frefli, it proves a certaiu poiTon to 
 the human fuccies i but vrhen roadcd, the eating of it 
 is not attended with the Icaft ill confcqiirnce ; and 
 though beads of all kinds feed and grow fit upon ir, 
 yet the juice proves pernicious to ilicm as well a« 
 men. 
 
 The nara likewife is very remirkable •, it bears a 
 rcTemblance to the fempervivum; but its leaves a r& 
 not fo thick and full of prickles. In the middle of it 
 there grows a fruit not anlikc a pine-apple, which has 
 Tomething of the taite of the melon, but is much more 
 delicious, and has a very fragrant fmell. 
 
 The pocaire is a ftirub of ten or tweire feet iit 
 height, the dem of which is confiderably thicker than 
 a man's thigh, and yet fo tender, that one ftroke of .1 
 Tword will cut it aTundcr. The leaves are like thoTc 
 of water forrel ; they are commonly fix feet in length,' 
 and very broad, but are exceedingly thin, niid hav» 
 only a rib in the middle to hold them together j on 
 which account they are fo torn by the winds blowing 
 them about, that they hang i.n rags, and thefe Thrubs 
 when Teen at a didance, look as if they were duck 
 with feathers. The fruit, which is called poco, is 
 .ibout the length of a man's hand, and like a cucum- 
 ber both in fliape and colour. The tafte of it refcm- 
 bles that of* fig, but its delicacy is far Tupcrior. 
 
 Here is alfo great plenty of .iiianas, or pinc-applcs, 
 which, when ripe, arc in this country, as yellow a« 
 gold, and of a very fine fccnt. Their tade is fu|x^- 
 rior to that of the richcd prefcrved fruits, and the 
 liquor drawn from them is as good as malmfy wine. 
 
 The pacoba, which is likewiTe called Adam's fig-, 
 tree, is very large ; the dalks are Toft and fpiingy, and 
 the leaves very long, fmooth, and Toft like velvet. 
 The fruit grows in cluders like figs, at about a foot 
 didance upon the main dalk, and one tlufter often 
 contains two hundred. The fruit being gathered 
 before it is quite ripe, and laid by to ripen, becomes 
 yellow, and acquires a pleafant tade. 
 
 Brafil produces feveral forts of palm, and other fruit 
 trees, likewife mulberries and dew berries, together 
 with woods of various colours. 
 
 In cffeii*, the greater part of this country is rcpre- 
 feotcd by voyagers as a paradife of nature, .ind well 
 worth the conteii which it To long occafioned between 
 two powerTuI dates. The Hortuguefe are at this time 
 fenfible that in carrying their point, they haregai>ncd 
 a moft valuable acquifition. 
 
 ^jM/' 
 
 
 VOYAGES TO GREENLAND, with a DESCRIPTION 
 ^ oftheWHALEFISHERY. 
 
 THE fame fpirltofdifcovery which animated the 
 Portuguefc, fpreading among other nations. 
 Attempts were made at various times for tliedifcovery 
 of a paflagc by the ii»rth-caft and north- weft to the 
 Indies. 
 
 Among the reft, the Englifli were, not backj|p»d. 
 In the year 1553* under the reign of Edivari^-lJ. 
 feveral perfons of confcquencc entered into n (bcie'ty, 
 whick Uiey called^ The Company for tba Difcovcry 
 
 •f 
 
 \ 
 
i6i8] 
 
 Voyages to Greenland. 
 
 S»9 
 
 of unlcnown Coiin(ric«'. The chief dirciflor of this 
 compnny, was the famous Scb:i(ll:m I'aliot, who 
 unjcr the rei;in of King Henry VII. firft ili (covered 
 the northern part of America i from whence in fome 
 antieni maps ^hat part is called Scbaftian Cahot'D 
 country. 
 
 'I"hi» cor pany equipped thrcu flilps, under tlie 
 command of Sir Hush Willouylihy, an En:»ll(h 
 kni);ht, aivl Richard Chancellour, vice -commodore, 
 with orders to endeavour to find out a pafluge to tiie 
 north-call through the Tartarean fea to China. 
 
 Thefc three fljips purfued their voyage together, 
 without any riniiler accident, till they came to the 
 lieighth of Wardhuis and Lapland, where Richard 
 Chancellour was feparatcd from the reft by foggy and 
 ftormy weather. 
 
 In the mean time Sir Hugh Willougtiby, after he 
 had been tolTi'd up and down for a long time, did at 
 laft (according to the diary writ by his own hand) 
 viz. on the 14th of Auguft, come to an anchor near 
 n country fituate under the yid degree, which country 
 fince has been ftiled in many maps, Sir Hu^h Wil- 
 loughby's country. From thence he purfued his voy- 
 iigc nlung thofe coafts, till the fudden approaching 
 winter obliged him to enter a certain harbour, there 
 to pafs the wi-^ter. At laft, he himfelf was found 
 frozen to death, with the crew of his two fliips, con- 
 fiding of 70 perfons, in an obfcure harbour of Lap- 
 land, called Arcina Kecea, being difcovered by fome 
 Rufinn finiermcn, who accidentally came that way. 
 His corps being brought home and honourably interred 
 In London. 
 
 The Englifli (hips trading to Mufcovy becoming 
 thereby acquainted with tho(e northern coafts, had ob 
 ferved a great number of fea-horfes in thofe fea.< : fo 
 that feveral (liips were fent out from England to catch 
 them, chiefly for their teeth fake, which were fold at 
 a very dear rate in Mufcovy. 
 
 It was in the year 159-}, that the Englilh fent the 
 ifirft time their fliips to ciitcli thofe fea-horus. They 
 landed in an ifland, called by the Dutch the ifland of 
 Rears J by the Englifli, Cherry-Ifle, from one of the 
 chief dirccffrs of their company. The fea-horfes are 
 in great numbers thereabouts, of which they killed 
 a gre.1t many, kept their teeth and made oil out of their 
 flefli. Which trade they continued with great advan 
 tage for fcveral years after. 
 
 But in proccfs of time the fea-horfes began to be 
 fhy, that as foon as they perceived any men they got 
 into the fca, which rendering the catching of thofe 
 beafls the more diiKcult, and fubjcA to great danger, 
 the whales began to be purfued by the indufirious ma- 
 riners. 
 
 In the year i6iz, the Englifli fent two (hips more 
 thither, who meeting with a Dutch veflcl which was 
 fent thither upon the fame errand, they obliged them 
 to return home without any booty. 
 
 The next fdllowing year, 1613, they purfued the 
 fame delign with more vigour than before : for having 
 obtained a parent from king James, forbidding all 
 others, as well foreigners as natives (except the Muf- 
 covia companies] to fail toSpitfliergen ; they equipped 
 fcven men of war, wherewith they chafed tnc Dutch, 
 French, thofe of Bifcay, and even the Englilh thcm- 
 fclves that were interlopers, from thence. 
 
 In the year 1614, the Dutch and Zelanders appeared 
 hear SpitlWrgen with eight ftout veflcis, under convoy 
 of four frigates of 30 guns each : fothat the Englifli, 
 who were but 15 ftrong,' durft not enter into difpute 
 with them at that time. The fame happened the next 
 following year, 1615. 
 
 In the next following two years the Englifh had the 
 better of the Dutch ; but in the year i6i8, the Ze- 
 landerscame with a flrong fquadron, and difputingthe 
 preferente with the En^ilh, plundered their (hips, 
 4fl^orced them to retre.it. 
 
 <J^Be c6nte{l betwixt thefe two nation^ continued 
 'riVihie years after, till both (ides being Weary of it, 
 ' the palTag^ thither was left free and Ofea to all na- 
 tions* 
 
 Spitft)ergen is the moft northern p«rt of tfTc world, 
 which hitherto is come to our knowledge, being fitu- 
 ated betwixt Nova Zembia and Greenland, and ex- 
 tends from 76 to the 80th degree. It is called Spits- 
 bergen from its high and piqued mountains which are 
 fcen at feai Thele mountains are of a coarfe fanti, 
 intermixed with fmill flat Aones like our flates, and 
 ronfequently have no firm bottom. 
 
 The country itfelf is uninhabited, but affords three 
 feveral kinds of four leg'd bealls, vi/.. white bears, 
 not inferior in bulk and Itrength to our oxen, tiiey 
 live for the moft part upon the ice. Bcfidcs thefc, 
 there are likewife foxes here, grey, white and black j 
 and rcln-dcar, fomewhit fmallcr than a flag, but very 
 like them in (hape, and every thing elfe, only their 
 horns are not fo fn 00th. Their food is a certain 
 tjreen mofs, Inclining to a yellowifli colour, which 
 Iprouts out among the fand and ftoncs, being for the 
 refl not unlike that which grows upon trees. Some 
 arc of opinion, th.it deeper in the country there grows 
 fome' grafs : and probably there may be fome hot 
 fprings there, and perhaps alfo fome grounds not fo 
 much expofcd to the fnow, which affords fome fuftc- 
 nance in winter to thofe beafts. 
 
 In the beginning of June, when the foreign (hips 
 commonly make their flrfl appearance on thefe coafls, 
 the country all over (as far as one can fee) covered 
 with fnow i and the rein-deers are fo lean, that l\":y 
 can fcarce hang together ) but in fix weeks after, when 
 the fnow is melted away, they thrive to that degree, 
 that they have two inches fat on their ribs, I'hey do 
 not fly from men, hut rather meet them, and that fo 
 near, that fometimesone may lay hold of them, or at 
 leaft cannot fail to hit them with a gun ; at the noife 
 of which the reil difpcrfe, but return foon after to the 
 fame place. 
 
 The country Is exceeding cold ; and though the 
 whole fummer is but one continued day, the fun not 
 l^oing below the horizon for fix weeks together ; yet 
 IS this but a flender allay to the cold, which is there 
 the more fierce, the more clear the Iky appears, as may 
 be likewife obferved with us in winter-time ; the moun- 
 tains cfpecially ferd forth fuch cold damps as are in- 
 tolerable. The air is frequently foggy here, to fuch 
 a degree, that one cannot difcern any thing at the 
 length of a (hip ; fo that nothing but a thirfV after 
 lucre could induce mankind to cxpofe themfelves 
 to fo many inconveniences. 
 
 There are feveral kinds of whales in the frozen 
 fca, not _ to fpeak here of fome fea-monflers, which 
 are mentioned by fome upon the very credit of the 
 mariners who pretend to have feen them. The whales 
 may be conveniently divided into the white and black 
 ones. The black are again of two different kinds j 
 for fome have only one hole or pipe, and thofe are all 
 one fort 1 out of the head of thofe are taken the 
 matter which is called by the apothecaries Sp."'mu» 
 ceti ; others have two, and thofe are ,igain dtflin- 
 gui(hed by their different degrees of bignefs. The 
 biggeftkin'd is called Grand Bay; the reit are fubdi- 
 vided into five different forts, all which agree in this, 
 that they have no fins on their backs. There is one 
 kind which is never found without them, and for 
 that reafon has got the name of Fin-fi(h, but being » 
 fiercebeel^, and commonly very lean, is not fomuch 
 fought for. The white whales are fo called, becaufe 
 their basks are covered with a number of white cockle- 
 fliells. 
 
 Every nation has its own ftation or harbour, whera 
 they have fixed their coppers, huts, and other inflru- 
 ments, fitted for the boiling of the whale oil, which 
 are always kept behind. 
 
 The manner of catching and killing of the whal* 
 is performed thus : As foon as they efpy a wItaliJi 
 either from thb (hore or (hip, they put out three (hal- 
 lops, manned with fix men each, among whom i| 
 one, who being called the harponeer, is the perfon 
 who is firft to wound the whale with his hSrpoon. 
 Thofe th^ee (hallops row as faft as poflSble they can 
 after the whale> but m^ift be very cautioui thev do 
 5 • not 
 
 fAS 
 
VOYAGES TO GREEN I. AND. 
 
 not come too near liis tail ) when they come prrtty 
 near hirn, iliiy .iru a* lili-iit, aiul iiuki: M little nnilo 
 wiih ihnr u.irs, as polUbly tluv can, tor fear the 
 whale IhuulJ lalcc to the buttoni ol' the lea. When 
 they arc near ( 'ugh, thcharpoiictr ii|° one of thcl'c 
 fliallops, who bJicvcs fiinikU lu I'tc within reach, 
 tliiuwt his harpoon at liini with all hit (urcc i this 
 harpoon is about three feet lung, having; on both fulet 
 hook) or notches to prevent its bcint; torn out again, 
 after it is once fixed in the body uf the whale ■, it has 
 a wooden handle, the better to balance it lur the con- 
 vcnicncyof throwing, and a line fafteoed at the end, 
 which being about two hundred fathoms long, is laid 
 in a vefl'uT in the fhaltop } for no fooner the 
 whale finds hinifcif wounded, but w't^ incredible 
 fwiftncfs he goci towards the bottoip pT^the fea ; fo 
 that the line finoaks, being lubbed againft the fide of 
 the fliallop, and would certainly take lire if the men 
 did not condintly pour water upon it. There i> alio 
 one whofu bufincfs it is to take care that the line be not 
 entangled : for if that <hould happen, they have no- 
 thing to do but to cut the line, or die it would over- 
 fct the (hallop. If they tind one of thefe lines fall 
 fliort, thole of the next fliallnp furnilh them with 
 theirs, which thev fallen to it: but all this would 
 (land them in little (lead, if the nature of this fifti 
 ucrc I'uch ns to abide long under water ; whereas after 
 he has run Ibme hundred fathoms deep, he is forced to 
 come up again to take breath, at which time he fends 
 forth fuch a terrible found throu,^li his pipes, that it 
 niuy be heard at half a league diilance, though fume 
 make a much greater noife than others. As foon as 
 the lilli appears upon the furfaceofthe water, theflial- 
 lops puriue him, beini> diredled by the line which 
 llicws them the way. The harponeer, who comes fird 
 ncarell to him, throws another harpoon into his body, 
 which makes him once more take towards the bottom, 
 but after he comes up again the fecond tim;, they 
 do not make any further ufe of the harpoons, but of 
 Certain fmall pikes, not unlike a lance, of which 
 there are two forts, throwing-lances and puOiing- 
 lanccs. I'lie throwing-lances refemble an arrow, and 
 arc ufed much in the lame manner, but have no huuks 
 at the end ; for they are thrown into the body of the 
 whale, and drawn out again, the intention ot which 
 is to tire the fxRi by lb many wounds, till they xlaic 
 venture at him with pulhing-lances ; for whilfl he is 
 in his full ftrength no body dares come near him, for 
 whatever he hits witli his tail and fins, he batters in 
 pieces, as has been feen fometimes in fome ihallops, 
 which have >een turn in flitters, and the men thrown 
 up to a great >. '.'ight into the air. Whcmtthey find 
 him almuft tired, and his flrength confiderably abated, 
 th^y draw nearer to him, and make ufe of the other 
 Jauccs, which refcmbles our pikes J with thofe they 
 wound him, but cfpccially near the fins, where this 
 creature is mull fentible ; and this they hold fo long 
 till they have hit his lungs or liver, at which time the 
 ii(h fpouts out a great quantity of blood through the 
 pipes, which rifes into the air as high as the maft ; 
 then they defift, and the fifh finding himfelf wounded 
 in lo fenliblc a part, begins to rage mofl furioufly, 
 hittctin;; the fea and his body with his fins and tail, 
 t:!l the fea is all in a foam; and when he ftrikcs his 
 fins a^ainft his body, and his tail at the waves, it may 
 be heard at half a league diflaiice, the found being no 
 kis than if n great cannon was difcharged. This 
 llriigijling affords fo agreeable a fpeflacle to the be- 
 JiuIdeVs, that thofe who have fetn it alTurc us, that 
 they could never b; tired with the figbt of it. Whilft 
 ll-c rthalc is making his lull efforts, the fhallops are 
 I'Dli'ed to follow hini fometimes for two leagues 
 toycilicr, till havhii; IcjH all his flrencth, he turns 
 upun oiie li.le, and as toon as he is dead upon his 
 b.ick J tl>c;i till y draw liim with roixis cither on fhore 
 .rl he he near SpitllK-r.^fvn) or elfe to the ihip, where 
 he i> kept fo long till (it: ries above the water; for the 
 6itt.il3|f hi: lies alniofl even with the fu/'face of the 
 wjui, the fecujid, he rills about fix or feven feet 
 afcuv- '.•■., and Wic third, luinctiines as bifih as the 
 
 fii'i 
 
 hides of the fhip. On board each Oilp there is onir, 
 whofe bufineft it is to open the fifh, who after heh-« 
 put on his garment fur that pnrpofc, cuts (>pen li.a 
 belly with a very large knife, which is not done vMtli- 
 out a roaring noili?, and an intolerable In. II lent loi tti 
 from the entrails of this beaft ; but iiot» itlilluiiiliii; , 
 the man proceeds in this bufincfs, Icparaiing the flj'i 
 from the bones by pieces of two ur three hundica 
 weight, which arc conveyed thus either on fhurr, or 
 on board the vefTcl, where they are cut again in fmallcr 
 pieces. 
 
 The tail of this creature fcrveit for a hackinj- 
 blnck, being fovery nervous and flrong, that it ex- 
 ceeds any wood whatfocver for this ufe. Utinj thuH 
 cut into fmall pieces, thofe who have their leliJo- 
 ments at Spitfbergen, extra(^<i the oil imnicdiatrly by 
 boiling it on fliore, which being put tnlu baircl;., i« 
 thus tranfported lo the refpci'tive places to which tha 
 Diips belonf^. But thofe who want this coiivrnicncy, 
 and go only on board to catch the whaiK-s in tl^e opea 
 fea, are forced to put i^p thefe pieces in barrels, .which 
 they carry home, and boil them after the fame manner 
 as they doatSpitfbergeni but this i>of IclV value than 
 the other, as having a very difagreeable icent. 
 
 The whale, whcti full grown, is of a mod enor- 
 mous bulk, and produces befides Ipormaccti, many 
 puncheons of oil. Another valuabtu^art iithewhulc' 
 bone, which is fold to great advantage. I'his fifh i.t 
 viviparous, the female Diinging forlii her ycung lilK 
 quadrupeds. 
 
 Greenland is called that country Iving to the utmod 
 point of the north, which extends from fouth toeail, 
 from Cape Kare through the Marc Glaciale, or Fro- 
 zen Sea, as far as Spitlbergen atid Nova Zenibla. 
 Some are of opinion, that it joins to Great Taitary, 
 but without any certain reafon. To the eaft it borders 
 on the Frozen Sea ; to the fuuth upon the ocean i tu 
 the well upon Hudl'on's Strcights, by which it is Ic- 
 paratcd from America, and its bounds to the north 
 are unknown hitherto. Some arc of opinion that it 
 is on the fame I oiitinent with America, becaufe tlic 
 fuppofcd ftrciglus, called Davis's Strcights, have 
 fince been found to be no more than a bay ; but Cap- 
 tain Monk, who attcnnited the fame pafTagc, givci 
 us no great reafon to be'ljevc that it is fcparatcd from 
 America, as will plainly appear from his own rela- 
 tion. 
 
 A certain Norweigian gentlemen of confiderable 
 quality, called TorwaUl, and hii Ibn Erick, havinj; 
 committed feveral murders, were forced to fly to 
 Ireland. Torwold died foon after, and his fon Frick, 
 furnamcd Red-Hair, being of i turbulent fpirit, and 
 being profecutcd on the account of another murder 
 cunimitted there, went to fea in quefl of a countrv, 
 which lying weft off of Ireland, was called Guilder 
 biurn ; he was not long at fea. before he difcovcrcd 
 two promontories, one of which jetted out into tlic 
 fea from the continent, ttfe other from an ifland very 
 near to the fhore. The promontory on the ifland wac 
 called Witfercken, that on the continent Warf: be- 
 twixt both is a good bay, where there is I'afc ridin-j; 
 at anchor: unto this he gave the name of Sand Stafn. 
 The promontory of Witfercken exceeds the other 
 both in height and circumference. Erick Red hair 
 called this promontory oflheifland Muckia Jockti, 
 which is as much as to fay, the Great Ice Shoal ; 
 afterwards it got the name of Blowfcrcken, whicli 
 is as much as Blue-fhirtj and ladly it was called 
 Witfercken, or White-fhirt, quedionlefs from the co- 
 lour of the ice and fnow, which covers a great |> irt of 
 it all the year round. Erick's firft landing place wa» 
 in the ifle which he called Erickfun, where be palFcd 
 the firft winter. 
 
 The next fpring he palTed oyer to the continent, 
 where meeting with fome grafs he gave it the nan'.s 
 of Greenland, the place where he landed was called by 
 him Ericsfordcn, near which he built a cadle^^M 
 Oderburg. About the fall of the leaf he built ^B>^ 
 towards the well, ur.to which accordingly he^pwe, 
 the name of Weftburgh. The" next wtntet he paffei 
 6 over 
 
 ■^f-pii-- 
 
I6lfl.] 
 
 VOYADF. S TO OREENLAND. 
 
 ovur 
 
 over to Eiiikfun, ahil the followiiii; rummer .ii;.iin 
 111 the iKiriii nt Uuciil.iiul, «1ku lie mtt uitli 
 ^re.it niLks, wliuh he c^llaj (iiowinLksi iiiiJ nut Ur 
 Iroiii ilitnco louiul a goml liarbciur, tu wliicli, by 
 rcaum ni the gnat iiuriibii- of ravciiN he luiv there- 
 ahoiit, he !;avi' the name ol Ravcnstjtilcii. I'his har- 
 biiiir lit> iliin'l!) ni)rth Irnin Krii.li-.tiiuliii, which is tu 
 Ihi' li>iith, b.'t,!^ leparutcJ tioni «iie aiiutber by a 
 Dianeh ul the li.i. 
 
 Kiivk, aliir he had continued three year* in thoC- 
 pans '"•'!< a rtliilutiiin to (',o over itUo Kcland, 
 whcic he ji'V^- luch an advantageous account ul the 
 gocid |)alliii i^e, and plenty of cattle, fill) and fowl of his 
 new found country, that a great many uf the inli.ibitanti 
 cniliarkcd lhenil(.lvet tofullovv i\ini into Greenland. 
 
 The lJani(h chronicle ad'urcs ui, that the piilterity 
 of Eiick and his followers multiplied conliderably 
 III Cjrernland i and that idvancinii dee|>cr into (he 
 cuuntry, they met with ftrtile jtround, (;ood paltuies, 
 and Iprings uf frclh water. i'liey divided it into 
 cilh-rn and wellcrn (iieenland, according to the 
 lifuition of the two hetorc mentioned calHes. in the 
 eil^Mii CJreeiilaiid they built a city called Garde, 
 wnulii r the Norivcgi.ii.i'. uled to come every year to 
 traffic with the inhibitants. Afterwards ti„.y built 
 aiioilier iity, u.ito which !h?y gave the name of Alb, 
 ( ind bein^ great zcalnts) laid, the foundation of a 
 iiionjUery dedicated to St. riu>ina>i, at afinall dillancc 
 from the lea-ihore. I'he city of Garde was the epif- 
 lopal refidence, where the cathedral was dedicated to 
 St. Nichcdas, the patron of learfariii;; men. 
 
 In the year i j+ j, whether it is that the people 
 were fwept away by fome epidemical diliemper, or 
 from what other caufe is uncertain, the connexion 
 with Ciieenland (communly called Old Gieeiilaml) 
 was loll, and lomenlHrm, the country ilfelt has never 
 oeea touiul by any Kuropean. 
 
 Chiiltian iV. Kint; of Denmark, being dcfirous 
 tufind out a jKlfi^e b.twcen lireenland and .\.nerica, 
 to facilitate the voy.ige to the Kail Indies j ordered 
 uiie Captain AIoiu k, a perlon of great bravery, to 
 fail with taollout fliips to the Streights, which were 
 not many yc.irs before difcovered by one Mr. Hudfon, 
 an Englilhinan. 
 
 'I'his Mr. Hudfon having been fevcral liiiies before 
 on the northern coaAs, was at laU prevailed upon by 
 fomi" Eiiglifli merchants to try his fortune, whether 
 he could find out .t palVagc between Greenland and 
 America to the Half Indus ; accordingly he fct fail 
 from England with one fliip only, in the year 1610, 
 and paffing aloiii; the coalt of Greenland, was, what 
 with the togs, and what with llorms forced into a 
 flrnit pafl'age, which at lad brought him into an 
 r>pen lea, which made him begin to conceive cer- 
 tain hopes that he had been fu fortunate as to be the 
 difcoverer of the faid paflage. But after hi had, for 
 a confidcrable time, cruifed up and down this Tea, 
 without beiiijj able to difcover the defired paflage, he 
 refotved (contrary to the opinion of the rell) to pafs 
 ihc winter ' reabouts, though he was not fufficiently 
 Itorcd with provilions fur fu long a time ; and they 
 rouft infallibly li.uc pciiOicd for want of food, if 
 they had not met with feveral forts of birds, and 
 among the rell with white partridges, of which they 
 catched .ibuve an hundred dozen ; and thcl'e leaving 
 that part of the country towards the fpring, they were 
 in their licad fupplied with fwans, ducks, geefe, and 
 other fuch like water-fowl, w' ich werceafily catched. 
 Befides, they met with a certain tree thereof a mira- 
 culous nature, its leaves bein^ green, inclining to 
 yellow, h.td a (Irong ta(lc of fpice, and being boiled, 
 afTurdcd a baliamic oil ; the uecoiStion itfelf being a 
 prcfcnt remedy agaiiiH the fcurvy, the fciatica, and 
 other dillcmpets oceafioned by cold and vifcous hu- 
 mours. The approaching fpring fiirnilhed them with 
 fuch ftore of filh, as would be fufficient to freight 
 the whole fhip, if Mr. Hudfon had not been more 
 intent upon his intended difcovery than any thing clfe j 
 which however, not being able to efFeiS, hcfaw him- 
 felf under the ncceflity of bending his coutfe back to 
 Vol. I. No. 45 
 
 51« 
 
 England, In the .iican while there happrrrd a niu 
 tiny ai'aiiill ilir captain, c.irried on by one Ciretn, hit 
 clerk, v.lio bcingcducatcd bv him, bulby rcafun if hiii 
 mifbehavioiif was thrcatciieil, as well at lomc other of 
 the Ihips crew who had been w.mting In ib^ir duty, 
 and dreading the punilhinciit, foiccd his cabin, from 
 whence the) look him and hrs Ion, and piiiliii.', them 
 and (even innrr in a (liallop, committed tl'.'.m to thi> 
 mercy of the lea. One i'liilip Staff, a carpenter and 
 a good feainaii would not Itay behind wiih ihuff vil- 
 lains, but chofe rather 10 go along with Ins cap- 
 tain. What became of thiin is wholly un- 
 known, (hough It is piobablcthey cither pei.llied fur 
 want uf loud, ur elfe weie murdered bv (he l.ivages. 
 The fame fateatt 'nded the riiig-leadcrt of this mutiny, 
 who were (lain by th'.- lavages ; the red arrived not till 
 the following year I (j 11, un the 6th uf September, in 
 England, alter they had fnfl'.rcd fevrrcly fui want of 
 provilions, being lorced to li-e upon gialV, and the 
 Ikinsol birds, the fli Hi (hey h^d eaten long before. 
 
 To leturn to Captain Monck,'who fet fail from the 
 found with two (hips, one manned wiih h rty-eight 
 men, the otlier with rix(c(n, on the ■''iih of ^lr.y, 111 
 the year i6it^. He arrived on the zo'li of June near 
 Cape Farewel, being very rocky, covin d with ice 
 and fnow, and lituate uiid< r li.\() -(wo ..nd a half 
 degrees. I'roni thence lUering his cuurle to (he nurth- 
 welf towarils Hudlun's Straits, he was much incum- 
 modcd by the ice, which however, did him no con- 
 fiderable damage, he having fea-room enough. 
 Among other accidents that befel him, it fioze fo 
 violent on the iH(h of June a( night, and the wirdj 
 blew lb hard and cold, (hat his fails were rendered 
 ufelefs by reafon of the ice that adhered to (hem ; yet 
 the following day proved (o excellive hut in the 
 afternoon, that they were forced to lay by their 
 cloths, and go in their f1iir(sonly. 
 
 He did nut arrive at Hudfcn's Straits till the 17th 
 of July, which he called after the king of Denmark, 
 Chrilh.in's Straits. His firft landing was in an ifland 
 diredliy oppoiite to Greenland ; and having lent feme 
 uf his people (u take a view of the country, they found 
 no nun, but by their footfteps, were convinced there 
 were fome in the ifland. The following day they 
 law fonic of the lavages, who fecmtd (o be forprized 
 at the fight of the Danes, hid their aims behind a 
 great lluiie heap, and then advanced towaids them in a 
 tiiendly polluie, but kept continually a watchful eye 
 upon (heir arms, for fear (he Danes iliould come too 
 near (luin. No(withl)anding which, they found means 
 to get between them .ind their arms, which they feized. 
 The favages feemed tu be exceedingly troubled at this 
 lofs, and in a humble manner begged the Danes to 
 have them rertored, wiihout which, they were not 
 c<ble to fubfill, hunting being (heir only livJihood. 
 They offered to exchange (heir cloa(hs for (hem, which 
 moved the Danes at lalt to compaflion ; fo that thej 
 not only gave them back their arms, but alfo pre- 
 I'ented them with feveral toys, which they received 
 very thankfully, and in lieu of (hem brought the 
 Danes feveral lurts of fowl and filh. One among 
 them having gotafmall looking glafs, and feeing 
 himfelf in it, was fo ovcr-joycd, (hat he put it into 
 his bofom, and run away as faft as his legs could 
 cany him. Ihe Danes laughed heartily at his fim- 
 plicity ; but what diverted them mofl was, that they 
 perceived fome of thefc favages to make their court- 
 fliip, after their way, to one of their (liip's crew, who 
 having long black hair, and being of a fwarthy com- 
 plexion, with a flattifli nofe, they took him for one 
 uf their countrymen, who perhaps had been carried 
 away from Greenland fome time before ; which often 
 furnifhcd them afterwards with matter of laughter, fo 
 that the poor fellow wx) always jeered as long as the 
 voyage lalicd. 
 
 On the i9(hof the fan? month, Captain Monck 
 ordered the tails to be hoiftt ' up in order to leave this 
 ifland, but was forced toretu-n into the fame harbour 
 by reafon of the ice, which ob.^ru£led his paflajre. In 
 the mean time they left nothing 'oattempted to nnd out 
 
 6 S fom* 
 
■>^.g.r::fc. 
 
 V o V A (; f: s to (^ r e r n l * n d. 
 
 
 9*1 
 
 fomr of the inh.ihitantt, but in vain i Ihry fininil 
 foin« ncH (prr.iil iirjr llie lea- Ihnrr, on which th< y hiin!» 
 knivtt, lonkinv;-glalU«, »nil other fuch likr toy«, iii 
 ho|B-i to allure tliom to tlic Ica-rnlr ( bill no body np- 
 |K'urcd, whether out nf (Var of th' Daiu'^, m bccmifc 
 ihfy wrrc riinim.iiulc<l to the contrary by their lupc- 
 riiirs i« unrrrtnin. 
 
 Ciplaiii Montk biine ilir^ppnintctl in hia hopc^ of 
 nu'Ctin;^ with the inli.'thitanli, ordereil a wilJ rjin- 
 ilrfr to be (hot, of which there were crra' niimbrrs 
 there ; whei-flore he [;ivc the name o( Recnfiind id 
 the iIUikI, and to the h.itboiir that of Monikepei, 
 being filiiited under 6+ de^jreei ic minutra ; and after 
 he h.ul pliiiicd the Diinilli arnn there, he oiirc more 
 lift the idand on the iid of July, but met with luch 
 bid «c,iihiT, and lo mniiy f,rc\\t ne IhoaN at fi;i, that 
 <m the ?Hihiif the fame month, he wm forced to fock 
 lor (hdicr bilvyxen two ifl:ir.di, near one of which he 
 ranic to 3n anchor i Imt tindin}; it unfafc lo continue 
 thill', hi bioti^^ht his lliips i\ near (hon a* potfiblc he 
 tuuM, fo t!i,it .It tow water ihey l.iy upon the fand, 
 mid the hn.'h tide c.irriid fiich a prodi^iou^ quantity 
 of ice to the fli.iii, th.it thiy were in no fmiH danger, 
 if by their indulhy ihcy h.iil not prevented it. Then- 
 wa» a great ici Ihuil near tifly feet thick, which he- 
 ir^ I oofenid by the I iolcnce of the fea, carried all 
 belore it, and aniiiii;^ the n-H their (hallops, which 
 narrow! V efiaped linkini;. 
 
 They faw (ever il fivitft pi of irrn on fhore, a fi;^n 
 that the pljct was not ilcOiiiitc of inh.ihitjnts j hut 
 wlutcvir care they took, ihry could not f;et fight of 
 «iiy. They alio tuiind there fonic niiiiiral ifoius, and 
 very goed taick, of which they carried off feveral 
 tun weight. There were fcveral oilur fmall iflands 
 thircabuut?, but the fca ran fo high near the ftiore, 
 thit the Danes did not venture to land. Thill- idands 
 arc fituated under 62 degrees 30 minutes, about fiftv 
 I Mgiifs within Huill'on's, or as Monck calls it, Chril- 
 lian's Streights. The bay where he came lo an an- 
 ch'irin, he called Harcford, from the great number 
 cf hares they met with there. He again he fet up the 
 arms of Denmark, and the initial letter of his m.il- 
 tir, viz. C. IV, fit^nifying, Chriftian IV. 
 
 He fet fjil again from this place, on fhe qth of 
 Au^uft, with a north-weft wind, flierint; his courfe 
 wcil^ fouih-wefJ, and on the 10th came to the (outh 
 f)f thi ftraits of America, and cr.ft his anchor mar a 
 large ifland, unto which he gave the name of Snow 
 IHand, becr.uleit was all covered with fnow. 
 
 On the 20th of Auguft, he dinfted his cf. irfc 
 to the norlh-wcft', being then, (as his own diary tef- 
 tifics) ex.ii5Hy under the elevation of 62 degrees 20 
 minutes ; but there fell fo much fnow, and the wind 
 blew fo violently, that they could fee no land, though 
 the Iheiijhts were not aboi e fi.xtecn leagues over tliere- 
 abouti. After havin ; palled the ftrcights, he got into 
 Hiidfon's lia, wliich he furiiilhcd with another name, 
 ur rather g.ive it two ji.imcs iiillcad of one. For that 
 part of it which waflus the American ftiore, he called 
 Atarc Novum, or thf New .Sea. 'l"o the other part 
 which exlinds to Cjricnland, (if it bo really Green- 
 land) he gave the name of Marc Chriftianum, or 
 Chriftian's Sea. He continued his courfe weft north- 
 ■wcfl, till he came to 63 degrees 20 minutes, when 
 finding himfelf furroundcd on all fides by the ice, he 
 relblvcd to pal's the winter there; the harbour hccalled 
 Monck's Winter Harbour, and the country New 
 Denmark. In his relation, he only makes mention 
 of two iflands in the Chriftian S^a, which he ftiles 
 the Two Sifters ; and in the New Sea but one, called 
 Dichles Ocland. 
 
 He adviles thole who undertake the voyage through 
 ihefe ftrcights, to keep as iniiih as polTiblc in the 
 middle, .to avoid ^jing carried away by the ftormy 
 tkio, and the ;;rcat iii-lho.ils whicli arc of fuch a 
 thickiicis, theri.-, that it .i (h p happens to get be- 
 tween thrm, it Llilom el'iMpi"-. He lays that it flows 
 cxaclly five houri in tiic Chriftian Sea, the tide being 
 rcL'ul-itcd by the moon. 
 Vii the -th of September, Captain Monck caft an- 
 
 f«55'» 
 
 chorthfiei and after lilt people had rrfcin>rj llicni- 
 filves for foiiir diiy>, he ordered 1 hem to biinjilr 
 fhips into a liitl'ri',.ek, where they wcic lli.lut.d 
 .ig.iinft the viid lice of ihc wind* nii.l uc. Th inkt 
 thing tlity had lo do wai lo provide thrmrcNit fiimi 
 huU agmrill the iipproarliing winter li-afun. Thi» 
 harbour lay mar thi- uitrante of the river, whiili w. i 
 not froffn up in October, though the fca wj» lull U 
 ICC all round .ibout. 
 
 On the 17th of the fame month Captain Mun< L 
 had » mind to go up ihr river in a boat, but could n.yt 
 ao larther tliiin about a liaiMie and a h ill, by ic.iltu of 
 tlic citarai:!*, or rrtcky water-fall', that oppoltd hi« 
 pjfl.iee : he then mauhed with Ionic ol hi» iiitii afoul 
 tour leagues deep into the country, to he if he ctxilj 
 meet with any (it the iiih.ibil.ims ; 4iiit no bw.lv .ji- 
 uearing, he rclolved to rttuin .molliir wav. J|ci.: 
 he met with a certain ftoiie, r.nlid above the gruiiii.', 
 upon which was painlid an iiiu;.;'; tTfeinb!int> ihf ilc 
 vil, with cliws and liuiiit 1 iie.ir tins I'.iMie was .i 
 place about right feet fijuaie, intlolixl w.ih Itlln 
 ilones. 
 
 On one fide of this iiu'ofure tfere ' >♦ a hfan 
 of linall flat ftonrs, intrrruixtd with n I'ls of tre.ti 
 on the tippolite lide was a large flat Itone l.ml ujioii 
 two others in fli ipc of an altar, up.,'11 which iIkt 
 found three co.ils l.iid acrofs. I hey l,;w luciul 
 more of thefc altars, as they walked abiiit, ;ird Ibine 
 foot-ftrps of men near each of them; tlu.u;-.h tl. jr 
 did not come in fight at that lime. It \s very likely 
 ih.il ihc InliaLitants ulid to I'acritice upon thtfc altar, 
 citli' r willi fire, or perhaps olfir their facrifices lo 
 the fire itfelfj for round about thorn thev faw abun- 
 dance of bones, w hicli wire probably the bones of the 
 f.icriliced hearts, whole flefti the fav.igcj had div( uii-d 
 raw, according to their cuflom. 'I'liev met alio with 
 many trees cut iloaii to the roots with iicii ir.Pru- 
 ments,and wrth dogs that were mu/rlcd. Hut what 
 moft confirm d ihcin in their opinion, that this iflanJ 
 was not delUtule of inhabitant', was, th.t in many 
 places they could diloovcr thi- holes white thi ,• had 
 fixed the poles belonging to tl.eir tents, nnd louiid 
 many pieces of fkins of bears, wolves, drgs, ;nJ 
 Ita-calves, wherewith th'.y ul.d to tovir i!:eiii j 
 which fccmed to iiitiiiiaie, that the iRi..ihitaiit« 
 here led a vagabond life, like the I'aiuiis and Lai'po- 
 niant. 
 
 After the Daius had planted thiir bit', thev cut 
 good ftorc of wood to in- laid up loi the wi,.;ir, zt.i 
 killed abundance of wild-lowl. Ciapiaiii .Monclc 
 killed .1 white bear with his own Hands, which thev 
 cat; and he fays cxprelslv, th't it agreed very \vt!l 
 with them. I'hey catchi.' /.l>.;nJaiice of hari>, p.ir- 
 tridges, and other fowl, belules four black foxes, and 
 fome fables. 
 
 On the 27th of November, there appeared thicj 
 funs to them, and on the January following, two. 
 On the 10th of December oid ftili,', theic liappentil 
 an cclipfc c/ the moon, which liiev fa w about tight 
 o'clock at night, after which they faw the fame iiijht 
 the moon furroundcd with a very blight circle, 
 through the middle of which, was a crufj, whick 
 divided the moon in two. 
 
 The cold began to iiicrcafe with the uintir feafou 
 to fuch a degree, that they law ice of thiec hundred 
 feet thick ; no beer, no wine, or brandy, w:isftron;j 
 enough to be proof againft it, but fro7.e to the bot- 
 tom, and the veftels fplit in piece; ; fo that thev cut 
 the fro/en liquor with hatchets, and melt -d it bcf»^ 
 the fire, previous to their drinking it. If they h.ip- 
 pentd to leave any quantity of watei in their copper 
 or tin vcfTels, they found them all m pieces the next 
 morning ; neither were the poor Daii'-s able lo nfilt 
 foexceltive a froft, which inaftin-d the metal , for 
 they all fell fick, and thiir dckntfi increalcJ with 
 ■ he cold; they were generally fciziJ with a gripin^ 
 loofencfs, which did not leave them till it put -.n en3 
 totheirdays. Thus they dropt away one alter anc- 
 ther , fo that about the beginning of March, the 
 capuin was (orced to do duty as a ccntry, for want of 
 
 others. 
 
f»S5i 
 
 •flfll 
 
 V O Y A O »: S TO R E K N I, A K D. 
 
 V'} 
 
 for 
 
 i>thir«. 'riicwnrft wa«, tint the fprinn JiJ ai.?ment 
 iheir ili(K'ni|i' r, tor their licih wfic rraily to til. out, 
 mul llirir i<urni I'wcllrJ (.1 tlial(li-t;ri r, tli.it thty could 
 nni tjkc any nourlftiiiiiiit liut br<':ul Cualtril 111 \v iter. 
 The piiiir rimn.uii ol tin Ic iiiitnrtunjtc wr'.iihci were 
 ill tlic next fiilli'wini; M.iy fi^i/.Ld Willi another lucili- 
 iicCn, with All h \ itilrnt |iritkiiii» |uini in their linilii, 
 •I made them Itiiik lil(c mere lh.it)<iw<, thi ir arnia mul 
 leg) being quite l.ime, ;inil (ikW nl liluc lput>, ut il 
 ihcy had been be;iten, hrinjj; idiftemper not iinkmiwn 
 to li'.imcn, by whom it it lommunly railed the Scur- 
 vy, So many ul tliein dieil, that there were n'>t 
 ciioii^li Icit to bury ihim, the re(tb inj; likewil'e fu k 
 •nil weak, and to complete their m dry, they big.iii 
 to want bread, inllcuJ ol which iluy made iile ol 
 fatbiTrif, whicli they dif'ij'-d out Ircm under tlic 
 fiiow, whiih luppliiJ the ilefiCl ot' biead, but iluy 
 were forced to cat ill in a^ (<«>n a« they weic taken 
 ftoin under the I'liow, wlicie they kept 1'ri.fli, but loon 
 grew ufelcl's al'terward«. 
 
 Onthciithot' April it r.iined the firft time afirr 
 fevin months ; and t<).\ard> tliecnd of May there ap- 
 peared again all fotnof fowl, fuih a« wild geelo aiul 
 duck>, fwans, iWalUiws partrid)jei, ravens, Inipes, 
 faulconn, and ca^le;, but they were too weak toc.itch 
 them. 
 
 i.)n the 4th of June Captain Monek hinifelf fill 
 fo daii.;erous ill, that he to k no lixid fur fair Jays 
 together, and cxpciitin ; ii'ithina; Kf^ than prcleiit 
 death, he made Ins lall will, in whieli he dclircd tlmle 
 that might by chance come to iliis place to bury liii 
 corpfc, and to lend tiro diary of his voyajjc to the 
 kingof Denmark. After four day* were pall he be- 
 gan however to recover a little, and with much ado 
 got out of his hut, tti fee whether there were any of 
 the (liip's crew left alive, of whom he found ilo nioie 
 than two out of (ixty-four perl'ons he brought aloili; 
 with him. Thefe two being overjoyed to fee their 
 captain in a condition to (lir abroad, took him in their 
 ann^, and can led him to a lire, to rcfrefh his Ipiiits. 
 They now began to encourage one another, promif- 
 ing to ibnd by one another to the lall gafp. They 
 Jigged every where among the fnow, fill at lall they 
 met with a certain root, which bein^ both a reftora- 
 tivc and food to them, they were rellored in a few 
 •lays, 'I'lie ice now began to melt a pace, lb that on 
 the 18th of June they i atched fume falmon, and other 
 fi(h, which, with whatcxercife they uicd in hunting, 
 fo llrengthened them in a little time, that they rel'olvcd 
 to return to Denmark. 
 
 The fumnicr fcafon approaching, they were ex- 
 tremely peftcred with gnats, which made them haflen 
 their departure ; fo that on the i6th of July they 
 went on board their leller (hip, (leaving the biggell 
 behind) and (leered their courfe towards Monck's 
 Harbour i they were nuieh incommoded by the ice, 
 and loft their boat and rudder. AVhilll they wen* 
 bufy in making a new one, they faftcned their iliip to 
 an ice-rock, which being lool'ened by the tide, th< 
 fllip was carried away with it ; but the ice being melted 
 loon after, they got clear again, and met with their 
 boat which they had lod ten days before. It was not 
 long before they got faft within the ice once "'ore j 
 but the weather changing almoft every day, i) y were 
 foon relcafcd again. Having at iaft rcpift r' ireights, 
 they failed by Cape Farewel into the o-.a 1, hut w;rc, 
 on the 8tli of September, overtaken by a moft terrible 
 tempcft, which threatened no lefs than their total de- 
 ftruiSlion, they being quit: tired out aiul not able to 
 manage their ftip j fo that leaving thcmfelves to the 
 D'.ircy of the winds, they loft their mainmall, and 
 their fails blew over-board, which however they made 
 a fhift to favc. 
 
 In this condition they were forced upon the coaft of 
 Norway, where they caft a piece of an anchor (the 
 only one they had left) in a fmall creek, where they 
 hoped to (helter themfelvcs againfl the ilorm, but 
 found themfelves deceived in their hopes, for they 
 were in moft eminent danger of being dalhcd to pieces 
 aj>ainft the rocks, if by gooi fortune they had not got 
 6 
 
 betwrert thi ni .iiid the (horr, wtitre aAer lli -y hnil le- 
 frelhid tluiiiUlves jiir U itn' il.iy-, tliey pui/iitd th.it 
 voy.i|;f, ^ind .iriivd ai I ill In IJeijliaik. 
 
 Ciipt.iiii M iivk hill lui ('■I'lur lilt till I on fliori"^ 
 but he VMiil t'l t!opciiliat; n ti. •^\<.c the kiir.' im ac- 
 e<. lint (if his 1111(1, rtiiiuile yov.!,!-, who imt im;i.;iiiin(» 
 him 111 be ftill anion;! the li/nij, tiiiived him Willi ..II 
 imaginable m.i ks of his f iviuir. 
 
 I bus wrha r (en the lii.ivc Capt.iin .Morck re- 
 turn to the Dinilh Ul , »vliieb, i» nii;'ht rLifiiii- 
 
 ably be (upp'lei!, v.i old put an did to ,-,11 hi, t\,i\\, . 
 in;', i but it lei iiiH his ill delliiiy h 1 I prclnid liim 
 (or mure, which w.h to put an uiiliaj.! , priindtotht 
 lileid this brave ni.iii. 
 
 i'lir whiKt he u,i> in Drimiaik, Im- lll^d (.It. n to 
 ruminate upon his |m|| a.lnniiinH) .iiul I-.mh:^ (.j i!c 
 i{iei3 coiiMiiced iit wli.it li.i.l lien the iliiif caule cf 
 his nulsaii.:j',e ill hi» V(iyii;v tliruii,;li the llu iehi.., I.e 
 took a rcl'olutiiil to iiy his (urlune i.iu c nioie, in 
 whuh he liiipid to lilpply the detccls i.f tliefmnitr, 
 which irrol'e from a want cf a prn|iir knowleilj « of 
 tluilc feas, and Come other ciicuintl. iic.s. Accord- 
 iiijjly he piopoled bis defi;',!! to (iniic peilmis ol qua- 
 lity,' whoapptuvingof it, viiuipii-.l luollips, whuh 
 he vva'. to coiiiinaiid in chief. 
 
 I: ving provided liimfelf '• lli all necillarl'^ for 
 fucli .. voyaj'. hewasn.idj .fet (ail, when ;;,•, ill 
 fori J. c would have ii) the (fin^: feiit fcr hint, end 
 happ. iiin;;, 11 'mig vl' .. , thing-, to ('.'e il< ( f I'l;, lor- 
 iner unfoitunuc voyai' , told hlni, lint he hail 1- Il 
 two (hips by In . want / coiulue'l, which the cnp;,- in 
 anl'werirg funitwhat liallily, the kin,; tc I l.i- ■ iic 
 and puL.ed it with • ;er againll I, hreaft. ri:.- ,p- 
 tain took this urtV'Mii (o luiiirr iv, that hiini'vdi. 
 atel/ went home to bed, and cc , notbepdlu .' ^ Ki 
 take the Itall noiiri(li(niiii .> 'iiat in (•. 11 i!a)\ auer 
 he died tor iiH'laiiihuly, and '"aiit cf food, 
 
 II may be nee ?r''J lo take :i itice, tl.a' •' a fue- 
 ccilion of year" \'C .: the voy.ige abi,";;' uiiyin.d 
 was uiidcrlaki'.'., kv ■"il Danilli ii;oii.ircl,s had ar 
 heart the ma!;ii.,., a iie.v fettlcment in thefe |i,.r;s. 
 
 Chrillian 11. Iiad obliged hinidlf by nis corona- 
 tion oath, to endeavour the recovery of (irn-uLndj 
 hut inllead of bringing new acquilltions t.i tlio crown, 
 he loft both the crim, IS of Swcilui aiul Dun. lark, be- 
 ing dcpoli:d l-.y his I'ul.jeiits which is the ii.;.l'on he is 
 always painted witha lirnk'.n fcepue. 
 
 Under his n -l one Eriek Walclvcndur, a brava 
 Danilli lord, wjj lord chancellor of D.miiarl:, who 
 being after his nialler's ilil'gracc ciiiiltilut J lii(li-p cf 
 Druntheim in Norway, bent all hi. lhoii;'lits on the 
 recovery of Cirecnland, Forvvliieh n I'ln he fe;rchc(I 
 all the antient records, and adiiled wiiii ee ohIcP. ami 
 ablcft mariner?, who were CiippnfMl to have anv !;aow- 
 led:;e of that country J but whilll he was hivii.g ilju 
 foundation of this dciijrn, a (luarrel arofe Vetvvcei' 
 him and another great lord in Norway, in the year 
 ', 4., who being too pov/erful lor him, |irciu!(d ns 
 ' .lilhnieiit to Rome, where he died. I'rcd.ick J. 
 Chriilian's uncle, being got into ihc (luHWrn.n of the 
 two kingdoms of Denmaik and Norway, was bu'V 
 in profecuting thole whom he believed lo have tin; 
 leaft kindnefs for Clvillian, which made him encou- 
 rage the banifhment of AV'aL'kciidor, who was thereby 
 diiabled fron» profccutiiiy, his delijjn of the rcco-.etv 
 of Ctreenland. 
 
 Chrillian III. who fuecccded Fredrick I. attempted 
 the dllcovery of Cirecniand, but wiihoiit fi cccis, 
 which made him recal the (evcre prohiiiaion of going 
 to CJrcenland without lieenfe. But Norwiiy at that 
 time biiiig reduced to fjre.it poveily, and not in a 
 condition to undertake (ueh a dclign, this remedy 
 proved likewife ineftechial. 
 
 King Fredrick II. fucccedeil his father in the throne^ 
 and being willing to endeavour the recovery of Cireen- 
 land. Cent one Magnus Hennir;:fon to proftcutc thU 
 defign. If what is related in the chronicle may be 
 taken for authentic, there mull befoine fatality which 
 prevented the difcovery of Greenland at that time; 
 for this Henningfon, sftcr he had keen toliid up and 
 
 ilown 
 
 
 \t 
 
 J 
 
s^* 
 
 VOYAGES TO C> R F, E N L A NT -». 
 
 [TiO«. 
 
 ijo'.vii a! f..i ',>v t-Mij.-fts, for a kuig time, came at 
 bit ill li.jlit vt t!u lliorc i but to his great amazement 
 found Ills fliif) to ittip ill the open i'ea, where there 
 app.MrcJ nciihir ice nor lands j I'o that after ho found 
 all his endeavours of getting near the fliore to be in 
 Viin, he \\ as torceJ to return to Denmark, where he 
 j;.ue an account to the kiiijr of what had befallen 
 him, ami laid the fault of his mifcurriage upon the 
 magnet itoni.s, which he believed to be in prodigious 
 finjnmiei thereabouts, in the bottom of the fea. 
 
 Puvious to this, in tho year 1577, Martin For- 
 liilhtr, nn Mnglilhinan, had made the f»rft difcovcry of 
 that LOiiiitry, which is now called New Greenland, 
 aiul bccaule his account contains many remarkable 
 rnin.;> cuncei iiin;; the inhabitants and their manners, 
 wi- liiall i^ive thj reader fomc of the moft material paf- 
 {■^l\ri of it licrc. 
 
 ThH Martin Forbirtier let fjil from England in the 
 year 1577, to endeavour the Jil'covcry of Greenland, 
 wliicli he got fi^ht of at Inft j but by rcafon of the 
 p.riMt quantities of ice, and the approaching winter, 
 11 )t bcii!;; able to reach the fhoic, was forced to return 
 Iio.iie, wli-'rc he gave an accoiait of his voyage to 
 Q'l.t 11 Lli/.abctli, who then fvvaycj tlic lccj>lrc in 
 En.'.lnnd. 
 
 'l"hc queen ferit him the next following fpring with 
 »lirce other fliips, to purlue the former defign, when 
 lie got falVIv to (ireenland. Hut the inhabitants, at 
 the appro, nil uf the F'nglifh, leaving their huts, re- 
 tired amon'; the rocks, from whence levcral precipi- 
 tated theiulilves into the fca. 
 
 'l"hc Kiiiflilli, after they had in vain endeavourcjl to 
 mollifv tlvle l:iv.\;;es, went to tlieir huts, wliich were 
 ti-nts niLiilf lit [Ik- (kins of lea-calves aiul whales, 
 )i\Cil to llriiiu; pilts, and lewed together with the 
 Aiic.vs of IimHs; they had an opening towards the 
 luiiih a:;d -.veil, but were cbilely and viry artiricially 
 iiiiiicd toMthcr to llic calVand north, the better todt- 
 lenJ lb -!t:'' h'ls a.'.ainft ih • coKliieK of tbolb winds. 
 ■('nry mitwilh an !ivin<; creature there except an old 
 uomaii, with a chill in her hand, which they took 
 honi bei, -ml ihe ii.aJea mod miferablc outcry for the 
 l<,ls (if it. 
 
 I'rii:ii thtiice lliev f.iilcd along tlie coaft, vkhercthiv 
 I'.iw a lia-moiilK-r's licul above the water, with a hoi 11 
 ,»bout three or four feet long. They landed again, 
 and found tl-.e Uiif.ice of the earth rocky, but very 
 good ground beneath it; they alio met with great 
 ilore of glittering fand like gold, of which they took 
 300 tons along with them. 
 
 Th -v illi'd their utmoft endeavours to filter into 
 dii'coiirl'e with the fivages, who fetniingly fhewed no 
 great averfi'vn to them, an.l gave them to underftand 
 bv certain rvn^ that if they would row up higher in 
 the river, tlieir expe>;tations ftioiild be anfwered. Ac- 
 t.irdiii:,lv Martin Korbilher got into a boat with fome 
 (bidiers, ar,d having ordered his (hips to follow him, 
 went up the river, and lleing a great number of the 
 fava^espnfted among the rocks, he did not think fit 
 toexpne bimlelf by approaching too near the banks. 
 At !,il!, three among tbem, who a|>pcared fomcthing 
 better tli.iii tho reft, havlrtg made a fignal for him to 
 land, he flulved to do it, all thercll being at a con- 
 lider.ible dillaiice ; but bis bi.at fcarce touched the 
 bank of the river, when the favages began to appear 
 ill ^rcat numbers, which made him foon clioofe the 
 Itreani a^ain. 
 
 The lavages endeavoured to pcrfuade them by figns 
 to come on ftiore, tiirowing lhcrt» fomc raw flcfli. 
 Hut finding tlii- Knglilh fufpicious, tUey rcfolvcd to 
 draw tbem thither by the following ftratagem ; they 
 laid one of their men upot> tlic b.jik, who pretend- 
 in;; to be lame, thev fuppofed the Englifll would come 
 to take him, wliilll they pretended to be retired at a 
 farther dift.ince, being all out of fight behind tbead- 
 Vicent rocks. But the F.nglilh being aware of the 
 "in irc,dilcharged a gun at him, which made.him foon 
 recover his legs i and the favages coming to his af- 
 iiftance, pelted the Knglilh in the boat with Uoncs 
 and arrows, but were foon difperfed by their gun;. 
 7 
 
 The favages arc very ftrong and well fct, of an 
 olive colour; their cluaths being made of ilie/kinsof 
 lea-calves, fewed together with the (inews of bcafts. 
 I'he womens apparel is not diftercnt tiom that of ths 
 men, for they wear breeches, with many pockets iii 
 them, in which they carry their knives, needles, 
 yarn, and looking-glaJl'es, which tbcy either get from 
 ftrangers, orclfe aie call on fliore by the (ta. 'I'helr 
 t'aces arc painted with blue, and Ionic let tlicir hair 
 glow very long, hanging down over their llioulders 
 untwiftcd. Their (hirts are made of fifti guts, ftwed 
 together with fiiiews ; their garments loofe faftened 
 about their middle with a girdle ; they arc naturally 
 very nafty. and freely expol'o their privy niembcis. 
 All their riches confift in their flings, bows, arrows, 
 and boats. Their bows arc very flender, and their 
 arrows thin, tipped at the end with a pointed bone 
 or horn ; they manage them with great dexterity, 
 and hit the fillies as they are fwimniii.^ in the water. 
 Their boats arc covered all over with the fl:iiis of fea- 
 calves, and fitted only for a (ingle perf^n. Their 
 larger vcflels arc m.ide of wr-od, and covered with the 
 Ikins of whales, they arc big, enough to .contain 20 
 men at a time. Their falls are made of the fame ma- 
 terials with their ihirts ; and notwithitanding there i» 
 not thelea(b iron'work about them, arc (o ftrong, that 
 the favages venture very deep with them at ("ea. 
 
 No venomous things are to be found here unlefs 
 fpidcrs i and the gnats are very buly in the fummer 
 time; they have no fre(h fprin;,'^, but this deleft is 
 luppliid by the melted mow. I'hey have dogs of a 
 piodigiiius bignefs, which they u:e before their 
 lleds inlUad of horfes. But to return to Den- 
 mark. 
 
 Among all the Danish kings, no body had been 
 more v.ealous to promote the difcovery of Grccnianil 
 than King Chriftian IV. for which purpole he fcnt 
 for an expert I'eaman, out of Lnglaiul, who being ac- 
 quainted with thole leas, he gave him three ftiips un- 
 der the command of Got(kc I.indenau. They f t fail 
 liini the Sound in the year 1605, in the fommcr, and 
 continuing their coiirii: for fomc time together, the 
 Kiiglilhman at lall turned to the fouth-wcll to avoid 
 the ice, whi.'ftihc admiral ftcered his couife north- 
 eall, and laitly arrived at Greenland. He had no 
 looncr call anchor near the fliore, but the lavages cams 
 witli their boats all about his (hip, and were welcomeJ 
 with fome wine, which however they did not rdifh 
 very well ; but leeing fome oil of whales, they begged 
 fomc of it, which being given them, they drank it ofF 
 very grceillly. 
 
 'ihey htid brought along with them good ftorc of 
 (kins of bears and lea-i;alvcs, and fcvcral pieces of the 
 fea unicorn, which they cxebangcd for needles, knives, 
 looking-glafles, and fuch other toys. They did not 
 feein to put any value upon gold or filver, but were 
 extremely fond of iron, for which they would ex- 
 change their bows, arrows, boats, oars, nay their 
 Ihirts. 
 
 The admiral Gol(kc Lindenaii tarried thrcedayson 
 this cc>aft, but dur(l not venture on {hore. On the 
 4th day being ready to fct fail again, he detained two of 
 the favages, who happened to be on board of him, 
 and were fo outrageous that they were forced to bind 
 them ; the reft feeing their companions in danger of 
 being carried away, made a moft hideous outcry, and 
 ftiot at the Danes with their arrows, but were fooit 
 put to flight by the dilchargc of a cannon, after 
 which the admiral returned home to his own country 
 inAfcty. 
 
 The Englifhman had in the raran while landed on 
 the other /ide of Gre-enland, where he met with fe- 
 veial good hai hours, and plenty of pafturage. The 
 favages exchanged their commodities with him, as 
 thcv had done with their admiral, but fcemed more 
 miftruftful ; for no fooncr had they got any thing 
 fro;n the Danes, but they went away in all hafte to 
 their boats, as if they had ftolcn it. 
 
 The Danes being defirous to take a view of the 
 country, went on more well armed, and n]et with 
 
 gowf 
 
i6o6.] 
 
 Voyages to cREEfiLAi^tJi 
 
 m 
 
 good grounds, but rocky like Norway, 'the fmell of 
 lulphurtous vapours, fecmed to intimate that there 
 were fulphureous mountains, not far from thencci 
 I'hey found alfo a certain filver oar, of which they 
 carried a ^reat quantity into Denmark, a hundred 
 weight ol which, yields about twenty ounces of 
 filver. As they were returning to their (hip, they 
 took four ravages, one of whom was fo rcfra^ory^ 
 that they were forced to knock him down with the 
 but-endsof their mufquets, which frightened the others 
 into a more pliable temper. But the favages having 
 taken the alarm, purfued the Danes to relieve their 
 companions, and had found means to cut ofF their 
 paflage to the (hip : but by the help of their Rre arms, 
 and the great cannon from the (hip, thev foon cleared 
 their way, and got fafely on board with the other three 
 ravages, whom after their return into Denmark, they 
 prcfented to the king : they were found better pro- 
 portioned, and more civilifed than thofe that were 
 brought over by Lindenau, who failed again in 1606, 
 taking with him the fame three blacks, one^of whom 
 died by the way. 
 
 Lindenau taking the fame courfe the Engliihman 
 had done, arrived on the third day of Auguft, with 
 four (hips in Greenland, the fifth being feparated 
 from them by a ftorm. The favages appeared in great 
 numbers near the fea-(ide, but were as miftruftful of 
 the Danes, as they were of them, which made them 
 fail in quelt of another harbour, which they reached 
 foon after, but found the favages of the fame temper 
 with the others, and appeared in a pofture to fight 
 them if they (hould attempt to land. 
 
 The Danes, who by reafon of the great number of 
 favages, thought themfelvei no equal match for 
 thcoi, failed along the coaft ; and the favages would 
 follow them at fome little diftance in their boats, of 
 wliom they took fix, and then carried them together 
 with their boats and oars on board their (hips. 
 
 As they were riding at anchor one day in a certain 
 fmall bay, the Admiral Lindenau's gentleman, very 
 earneAly defired his mafter to give him leave to go on 
 (hore, to trf whether he could treat with the favages ; 
 which being granted at laft, he went, but had fcarce 
 walked a few paces, when the barbarians falling upon 
 him, cut him to pieces in an inftant. 
 
 Their knives and cutlaiTes were made of unicorn, 
 fo (harp edged, by wheting them againft ftones, that 
 they cut as well as if they were made of the bcft 
 fieel. 
 
 Lindenau finding but little hopes to fucceed in 
 this enterprife, returned to Denmark. In his return 
 he met with the fame (hip that was feparated from 
 them before by the (irefs of weather } but another 
 fiorm arifing foon after, they were again difperfcd, 
 and did not meet again till near a month after, 
 when they purfued their voyage to Denmark, and 
 arrived at Copenhagen on the 5th of OAober, 
 after a fecond dangerous and troublefome voy- 
 
 The fame king fent a third time two ftout (hips to 
 Greenland, under the command of Carften Richart- 
 fon, a Holfteiner, who having on board fome of the 
 moft experienced mariners of Norway and Iceland, 
 fet fail from the found on the 13th of May, and got 
 fight of Greenland on the 8th of June, but could not 
 approach the (hore by reafun of the ice, which lay 
 keapcd up like mountains, fome leagues deep at fca, 
 for there are fome years when the ice continues all the 
 fummer long w'thout being melted i which obliged 
 the Holfteiner, whc had been feparated from the other 
 (hip, and was afraid of being entangled in the ice 
 pailt retreating, to retirn to Denmark, where he, 
 notwithftanding hit mifcairiage, was well received by 
 the king. 
 
 The favages that were taken and brought into 
 Denmark in the two firft voyages, had liberty to walk 
 abmit where they pleafed, under the guard of fome 
 waiters. They lived upon milk, cheefe, butter, raw 
 teih and (i(h, according to their own cuftom, being 
 averii! to bread and boiled meat, but much more to 
 
 Vol. I. No. <$. 
 
 wincj the oil of whales being their faVotirite Jiquorj 
 They would frequently turn their faces to the north 
 and fetch a heavy figh. One time their keepers being 
 carelefs, they got to their little boats, and without 
 more ado put to fca, but by a ftrong wind were forced 
 twelve leagues bcyoiul the fuundjon (hore in Schonen^ 
 where being taken by the country people, they were 
 fent back to Copcniiagcn. I'his fervcd as a warning 
 to their waiters to be better upon their guard for the 
 future ; but they pined themfelves to death one after 
 another. 
 
 When a Spanifh AmbalT-dor was once fent 
 into Denmark, there being five of thofe favages 
 yet living, the king ordered that, for thediverfion ef 
 the ambaflador they (liould row up the fea in their 
 little boats : tlu-fu boats were (haped not unlike a wea- 
 ver's (buttle, being about tci\ or twelve feet long ; they 
 arc made of whale-bones of an inch thick, joined to- 
 gether by the help of the finews of beafts, and covered 
 all over with the (kins of whales, there is in the 
 middle a hole big enough for one man to put his bodjf 
 in. Thus they go to fea putting their legs un> 
 derneath, and if any fpacc be left round their body, 
 they (lop it up with their jackets (which arc made of 
 the (kinof fra c^ilves) fo tight that no water cun enter, 
 which done, they are proof againft all ftorms and 
 tempcftt beyond what may be expeAed from (liips ot 
 a confiderable bulk ; for though they arc often times 
 turned topfy-turvy, they always turn again upright. 
 They make ufe only of one oar, which they manage 
 with the fanK dexterity as the rope-dancers do their 
 poles, to keep an even balance; and with this they 
 row fo fwiftly, that (as it was tried at the fame timt) 
 they could keep pace with a boat with fixteen oars. 
 
 The ambaflador extremely well fatisiied with this 
 fpeAacle, made each of them a very good prefent, 
 with which they bought themfelves cloaths inadeaftrc 
 the German fa(hion, and other accoutrements, fuch 
 as boots, fpurs, and feathers, and afterwards olFc-red 
 to ferve the king on horfeback. But this gay humour 
 was of no long continuance, for the deCre of return- 
 ing to their native country being foon revived, two 
 of thoiit who had once before ventured to efcape »t 
 fea, and coiifequently werenot the lead miftrufted of 
 attempting fo dangerous an undertaking a fecond 
 time, did once more attempt to reach Greenland ia 
 their boats. They were purfued with all I'peed, but 
 one was only overtaken, the other no doubt being 
 fwallowed up in the waves. It was obfervable in hiia 
 who efcaped, that whenever he faw a woman with a 
 child in her arms, he ufed to fetch a deep figh, which 
 made the Danes believe that he had left a wife and 
 children behind him. The reft were more narrowly 
 watched, which ferved or.ly to increafe their melan* 
 cholly, of which they died one after another. There 
 remained however at lafi two alive, who lived near 
 twelve years after all the reft of their companions were 
 dead : they were cherifhed with all the fair promifes 
 imaginable, which feemed to be fome comfort to 
 them ; but they could never he bro ight to the true 
 underftanding of the Chriftian faith, beinp; quite 
 ignorant of the Danifh tongue. They were Ibme- 
 times obfervcd to lift up their eyes tow.irdi heaven, 
 and to adore the rifing fun. One of them died 
 whilft he was cmploynl iii pearUfifhiiig, at Cold* 
 ingcn. 
 
 This Grcenlander having given them to under- 
 ftand one day, that he was very dextrous in (ifhing 
 of pearls, the governor of Coldingcn took him along 
 with him to make ufe of him upon that account, 
 which the favage performed with fo much dexterity, 
 that he fcldom returned without fome good pearls. The 
 governor, who was very avaricious, being over eager 
 after fuch a booty, would not ftay till the next fpring, 
 but forcing the poor favage to dive in the midft of 
 winter under the ice, he fell fick and died. Hit 
 comrade remaining now alone iiiconfoleable for tho 
 death of his companion, found means the next fpring 
 to get to fea in his little boat unpcrceived by any 
 body i he was however purAied with all fpted, but 
 
 4 T liaving 
 
 I 
 
iiii 
 
 VOYAGES TO GREEN I. AN 0. 
 
 Ci68^ 
 
 having the ftart of thrin, wns f^nt 30 leagues out at 
 fea bi-forc he could be rcf.nkiji. I'hey f^avc him to 
 uiulcrftiiiJ by certain (ii;;ns, lli:it it wduM liavc Iwcn 
 inipofiiblc for him to hive re.icheil Grceiil.ind, but 
 that he muil have perifhcd amnnt; ihe waves, at which 
 he made certain figns, that he intended tu have run 
 along the coaft of Norway t" a certain height, from 
 V hence he would have croiTed tlie fcas, taking his di- 
 rection by the ftars. He was brought hack to Copcn- 
 haiicn, where he died loon after with nielancholly. 
 
 This was thcendof thefc unfortunate Cjrccnlanilcrs, 
 who approached in Itatiire to tlie Laplanders, being 
 well fet, but fliort, of a fwarthy colour, with flat 
 nofes and thick lips. Their boats, apparel, and 
 pther impliments, were kept at Copenhagen, as alfo 
 a Cireenland almanack, conipofcd of twenty eight or 
 thirty fmall fticks, faftencd to a leather firing, by 
 which they ufed to diftinguifh their time. 
 
 Since that time the king of Denmark did not think 
 fit to fend any more fhips at his own charge to Cireen- 
 land, but fomc merchants of Copenhagen beingjoined 
 in a company, (in which fcveral perfons of quality 
 had likewife a (hare) called the Cireenland Company, 
 they fent in the year i()36, two {hips to Davis's 
 titreighf;, where they were no fooner come to an an- 
 chor, but eight faviiges came in their little boats on 
 board of them. Whillt they were bufy in laying out 
 their fea-calves and fur-fkins, and feveral pieces of 
 fca unicorn, in order t9 exchange them wilh the Danes 
 for necJIes, knives, and looking-glalTe';, it happened 
 Bccidtntally that a gun was difchargcci on board the 
 fhip, which put the lavages in fuch a fright, that they 
 all leaped over board under water, and did not fo 
 much as put out their heads ajnin tiil they were at 
 leaft 200 p.icis dilt.int from the fhip, but being given 
 to undcrlfaiid hv certain flgns that they intended them 
 no harm, thi'y returned, and continued lo traffic as' 
 before. 
 
 Their manner of dealing is thus : Tliey chufe 
 among the I'.uroptan commodities what they likebeft, 
 which being l.i'l on one fide, they lay down as much 
 ot thcu« as"t!iev think (it to give in exchange, and 
 this is continued tlius till both parties are ar;rccd. 
 They faw at the lame time a dead li(h on the flioic, 
 with a bone, or rather a tooth on one (iJe of his hend, 
 which the favages had broken in pieces, and fold to 
 'the Danes. This fifii is of a prodigious itrength, 
 and a declared enemy of the whales, ju(l as the rhi- 
 noccrs is to the elephant, among the tereltial crea- 
 tures ; for if he meets the whale, he llrikcs his hoin 
 into his fide as deep as it will reach ; fome allure us 
 that it fometimes runs with fuch a force againfl the 
 ■fliips, that thereby it becomes leaky. 
 
 But the intention of the Danes was not fomuch to 
 exchange commodities with them, ns to take a full 
 ticw of the country ; and the male of one of the 
 fhips having taken notice near a certain river where 
 he landed, that the land refemhicd hotli in weight and 
 colour, true gold land, hudcd his whole fliip with it, 
 and with great joy returned directly to Denmark, 
 telling his Slip's crew as they were under l.til, that now 
 thjy were all rich enough. The lord In^h fteward of 
 Denmark, who had a confiderable lliaie in the fliip, 
 being furprifcd at the fudclen return of this vellll, the 
 mate told him he was freighted witli gold, hich 
 made the lord high fteward lend fome quintit) of it 
 to the goldfmiths of Copenhagen, to try whether they 
 could bring any quantity out nf it ; hut thcle not be- 
 ing able to produce one grain from this fand, he w.is 
 li) much cxal'perated at this difappoinlment, that he 
 immediately commanded the mate to go out to lea, and 
 to throw his pretcndnl gold fand into the bottom ol it, 
 without fpeaking one word more to any body. 'Ihe 
 poor mate was forced to obey, but with fo much re- 
 luilantv, that finding himfelf difappointed in the 
 hopes ot his fuppofed treafurc, he died loon after for 
 griff. 
 
 It w.is not long before the !ord high fteward re- 
 
 ScntcJ himklf for his rafhnels ; for fome fand refem- 
 ling tills, was found in the mines of Norway, from 
 
 whence feveral (lerlons, well verfed In the reparation of 
 inetallick bodies, drew a quantity of veiy good gold, 
 which fcemcd to profe that the 'difappi)intmciu was 
 owing to the unexperienced goldfmiths of Cuptn- 
 ha^en. 
 
 In this voyage itvj.is, they brought that piece of the 
 unicorn from Greenland, which wa? to h,ive been 
 fold to the great Duke of Mufeovy it is Itill tu bs 
 feen at Copenhagen, and valued at 6000 crowns. The 
 D.ines had likewife taken two favages, whom they 
 tied to the marts till they were a great way out at fen, 
 when they were untied again 1 but they no foonir 
 found themfelvcs at liberty, but they leaped into the 
 fca, in hopes, as may be fu|)pofed, to reach the (here 
 hy fwimming, which was impracticable for them to 
 do, by reafon of the great diftance they were then 
 from it. 
 
 It is moft probable, that the Ice from the north- 
 weft has quite flopped up the paft'age between Iceland 
 and Greenland, and that whilft the mariners were en- 
 deavouring to make their voyage through this paflage, 
 they were driven upon the Cape Farewel, and Da- 
 vis's Streights, or rather gulph, and fodifcovcred thSt 
 part of the country, w'hicli i\o\f is ftiled New Green- 
 land. 
 
 AVe learn from the Iceland Chronicle, that between 
 Iceland, and the Old Greenland, there were feveral 
 iflands and rocks ; as for inftance, that which they 
 called Schcer Gundebior, which favours this opi- 
 nion ; it being enfy to imagine that the ice might 
 with lefs difficulty be heaped between i!:e(e ifl.itiil. ; 
 which being of fuch a thickncfs as not to be melted 
 hy the beams of the fun, has rendered the ice be- 
 tween Iceland ami Greenland, quite impOflable ; fo 
 that it is impofliblc to give an account of the poderiry 
 of the antient Norwegians who fettled there : per- 
 haps they bore their fhare in the plague which raged 
 fo I'urioufly in Norway in the year 1348, and almoft 
 'l.-popiilatcd that kingdom. It is not altogether im- 
 probable, but that Ootike Lindenau, who in his firll 
 voyage lleered his courfe to the north-eaft, may have 
 cait anchor near Old Greenland, and that pcrhajw 
 thcle two favages were defeended froin the ancient 
 Norwegians ; but though they dillcrcd from the other 
 favnges that were brought over from Davis's Streights 
 both in manners and language ; yet theirs had not tlic * 
 lealt affinity with the Danifti or Norway tongue,;. ' 
 The Daniln Chronicle tells tis, that the three favages 
 brou.;ht over by the Englifti, talked lia faft, that it 
 was inipoirible for any body to dillinguiili oiia wor»l 
 from another, unlefs it were the two words. Oka, 
 fndccha, the meaning of which no body underltood. 
 Thus much is unqueftionable, that what was called 
 Old Cireenland, was no more than a fmall point of 
 the northern part of Greenland, viz. where it lav 
 neareft lo Iceland; and that the ancient Norwegians 
 durit not venture very f.ir into the country, no more 
 than iholi: who have ftncc difcovcrcd the New Green- 
 land. 
 
 I'hc Danes, in their bcforcmentioned voyage to 
 (irecnland, in the jear 1686, did, hy certain lij'.n^, 
 inquire of the favages, whether there were any con- 
 fiderable number of inhabitants in the inland coun- 
 tries there, upon which the favages gave thein to un- 
 derrtand by figns, that there were as many people 
 there as there were hairs upon their heads, that they 
 were very tall, armed with bows and arrows, where- 
 with they killed every thing they met in their way. 
 From whence it fliould feem probable, after all, that 
 neither the origin of thefc piople, nor that of the 
 Old Greenlanders, is thoroughly known to us at this 
 time. 
 
 It fieqiirntly happens that ftiips bcfet among the 
 ice, in thofo parts, pcrilh by being daftieil to pieces 
 .i;',ainll the lolid fields of iie, or crufhed by iht bro- 
 ken pieces crowded upon one another, and rifing (o 
 faft about the ftlip, as to exceed the height of her 
 fides, and then there is no elViping. Several of thcfe 
 mountains, by ftriking together, and coalefcing, form 
 thofe iflands of ice that are frequently l':cn in the lower 
 
 latitudes. 
 
1686] 
 
 VOYAGES TO GRF, ENI. AND. 
 
 S'7 
 
 liititudc'Sjrfiiving up artel down the fea, asthewinJ and 
 tiJvs Jirccl thein. The ^realcr danger to be apprc- 
 htiiJud, is from ihe looler icf ; lor the whalers ol'ten 
 moor their Ibips to the foliil fields of ice, that at cer- 
 tain Ccaroiis leein to rcll upon the earth, ami appear 
 fixidtoit, and there find the btft fifluiig. In I'uch 
 litu.itioiis it often appears, that little or no loofe ice 
 is to be fecn ; yet prtfcntly upon a ehangc of wind, or 
 thit blowing of a ilorm, it (hall pour in upon them 
 fo fudilcnly, that fonictiiiies thty perilh in it. It is 
 not polliblo to account for the altonifhing quantity 
 that will gather in this manner in Ids than an hour's 
 time. 
 
 Though it fecms to be agreed ^ that many of t'.e 
 largcft fields of ice are frozen to the depth of fea n 
 which they are found, and that they are bedded on ti.. 
 folid earth ; yet it is equally certain, that they arc 
 often rent afundcr by racing billows ; and that in 
 breaking, they produce the nioft terrifying noife in 
 nature j nay, it is ad'ertcJ, fliat the clathiiig of the 
 pieces of loofc ice againib each other, or any ex- 
 traordinary agitation of the waves, i^. attended with 
 a roaring (o loud, that a man who is near it can hardly 
 hear the founding of his own voice. 
 
 Before we conclude, we fliall add fome farther par- 
 ticulars, extradted fiom more modern authors, re- 
 lative to Spitfbergen, and the probability of a north- 
 calt palTagc. — ■" The rocks are llriking ob- 
 jeds ; bctorc a ftorm they exhibit a fiery appearance, 
 and the fun looks pale upon them, the fnow giving 
 the air a bright reflcition. Their fummits are almoft 
 always involved in clouds, fo that it is but juft poflihle 
 to fee the to^is of them. Some of thefe rocks arc 
 butoncilone from bottom to top, appearing like an 
 old decayed ruin. Others confill of large maflcs, 
 veined differently like marble, with rcJ, white, and 
 Vellow, and probably, were they to be fawcd and po- 
 liflicd, wnuld equal, if not excel, the iinelt Egyjj- 
 tian marble we now lb much admire. 
 
 On the foutherii and wellern fides of thefe rocks 
 grow all the plants, herbs, and moll'es, peculiar to 
 thi.s coiliury J on the northerly and ealterly lides the 
 wind flrikcs fo coUl, when it blows from thofe quar- 
 ters, that i( pcrilhes every kind of vci,et.ihle. Thefe 
 plants grow to perfeclion in a very fllirt t me. Till 
 the middle ot" Mav the whole country is locked up in 
 ice; about the beginning of July the plants arc in 
 flower i and about the latter end of the fame month, 
 or beginning of Aui^uft, they have perfeiled their 
 iced. The e.irth owes it fertility, in a great meafurc, 
 to the dung of birds, who build and breed their young 
 here in the fummer, and in tlie winter repair to more 
 favourable climates. 
 
 The plants that are moft common in Spitfljcrgcn 
 arc fcurvy-grafs, and crow's-foot; there are befides 
 fmall houfe-lcck, and a plant with aloe-like leaves j an 
 herb like flonc-crop j fome fmall fiiake-weed, moufe 
 ear-wood, ftrawberry, periwinkle, and an herb pe- 
 culiar to this country, which they call the rock-)ilant. 
 The leaves of this plant are in fliapc like a man's 
 tongue, above fix feet long, of a dull yellow colour. 
 The ftalk is round and fmooth, and of the fame co- 
 lour with the leaf j it rifes tapering, and fmells like 
 mufclcs. It is an aquatic, and rifes in height in pro- 
 portion to the depth of water in which it is found. 
 There are other plants and herbs, but thefe are the 
 chief. Of flow«rs,|the white poppy fccms thcprincipal. 
 The rocks and precipices are full of fiiVures, and 
 clefts, which afford convenient harbours for birds to 
 lay theireggs, and breed their young in fafeiy. Moft 
 of thefe birds are water-fowl, and lick their food in 
 the fen. Some indeed are birds cf prey, and purl'uc 
 and kill others for their fuftcnance; but thefe tire rare. 
 The water-fowl eat ftrong and fifliy, and their fat 
 h not to be endured. I'hey are fo numerous about 
 the rocks, as fometimes to darken the air when thry 
 rife in flocks, and they fcrcem fo horribly, that the 
 rocks ring with their noife. 
 
 There area few fmall birds like our fnipes, and a 
 kind of fnow-bird, but different from that found 
 about Hiidfon's bay. 
 
 Theioc-bird is a very beautiful little hint, bilt vc'-y 
 rare. He is in fi/,e and fhape like a turtle-dovp, but 
 his plumage, when the fun Ihines upon him, is of a 
 brigh yellow, like the golden-ring in the pea-cock's 
 tail, and almoft dazzles the eye to look upon it. 
 
 The other inhabitants of this forlorn country a^o 
 white bears, dcei and foxes. How thefe creatures can 
 fubfift in the winter, when the whole earth is covered 
 with fnow, and the fea locked up in ice, is hardly 
 to be conceived. It has been f.iid, imlecd, that when 
 the ocean is all frozen over, and no fuftcnance to be 
 procured in this country ; they travel foutbtrly to the 
 warmer climates, where food proper for them abounds 
 in the immenfe forefts of the northern continent. 
 
 The bear is by far the belt arcommodatrd to the 
 climate of which he is an inhabitant. Me is equally 
 at home on land and water, and hunts dilij.'.cntly for 
 his prey in both. In fummer he finds plenty of fond 
 tVom the refute of the whales, iVa-horIc?, and fcals, 
 which is thrown into the foa by the whalers, and co- 
 ver the fliore during the time of whalini; ; and ihey 
 have befides a wonilerful la;^acity in iWu-lling out the 
 carcalles of the dead, let them be ever lo deeply buried 
 in the earth, or covered with ftoncs. The dead there- 
 fore that annually are buried bcic, mny contribute, in 
 fome decree, to the fubliftance of a lew of thefe creil- 
 tures in winter; but the qucKion wiUftill recur, how 
 the race of them fubfiftcd before the whale liftiery had 
 exiftcnce, and before men found the way to this in- 
 iiofpitable ftiorc. Difquifitiois of this kind, as they 
 are beyond the reach of human comprehcnfion, ferve 
 only to raife our ailmiration of that Omnipotent Be- 
 ing v^lio provides fo wonderfully for his creatures. 
 
 rhel'e creatures, as they dift'cr in nothing but their 
 colour and fize from thofe commonly ihcwn in F.nf^- 
 land, need iio'defcription. The foxes ditfer little ill 
 Ihapc from thofe we are .lequaiatcd with) but in co- 
 lon;- there is no fimilitudc. 'i"heir heads are black, 
 and their bodies white. As they are bcafts of prey, if 
 thev do not provide in fummer for the long recefs of 
 wiiiicr, it were, one would think, almoft impodible 
 for them to furvivc ; yet they are fecn in plenty, 
 though by their fubtlcty and fwiftnefs, they are nut 
 eafy to he catched, 
 
 I he Dutch feamcn report, that when they are 
 hungrv, they will feign thrmlVlvcs dead, and when 
 the ravenous birds come to feed upon them, they rilis 
 and make them their prey. 
 
 It is moft wonderful how the deer can furvivc an 
 eight months fiminc. Like ours they feed upon 
 nothing that can be perceived but the vegetables which 
 the earth fpontaneoufly produces ; and yet for eight 
 months in the year, it brings forth neither plant, hcib, 
 fhrub, or blade of any kind of grafs whatever. They 
 are befides but thinly clothed for fo fevere a climate, 
 and what feems ftill worfe, there is not a bu(h to be 
 fecn to flieltcr them, within thediftance thatanv man 
 as y<'t has difccvered. The means of their fubfiftancc 
 mull therefore remain among the fecrcTs of nature, 
 never to be difclofed, as no human being can ever live 
 here, fo as to be able to trace thefe creatures to their 
 winter's refidtncc. 
 
 Amphibious creatures abound the moft about thft 
 founds and bays of Spitlbergen, and they feem bcft 
 adapted to endure the climate. Thefe are the feals, of 
 fc.i-dogs, and morles, or fca-horfes; of which the 
 whalers avail theml'elves, when difappoinred in com- 
 plcating their lading with the fat of whales. 
 
 The leal has been already defcribed ; but the fca- 
 horfe, as it is a creature peculiar to high latitudes, 
 is therefore more rare. It is not eafy to fay how he 
 came by his name. He is not unlike the feal in 
 fliapc. He has a large round head, larger than that 
 of a bull, but ftiapcd more like that of a pug dog 
 withoutears, than any other animal we are acquainted 
 with. He tapers all the way down to the tail, like 
 the fift) we call a lump, and hi' fize is equal to that of 
 thelargeftox. His tufks clofc over his iinder-jaw, 
 like thofe of a very old boar, and are in length from 
 ■one foot-to two or more, in proportion k) the fizc and 
 H 7 • 8»« 
 
mam 
 
 lit 
 
 VOYAGES TO GREENLANO. 
 
 («6r« 
 
 
 
 age of the animal that breedt thcan> Hit (kin ii 
 thicker than that of a bull, aad coveted u>ith Ihort 
 tnoufe-coloured hair, which is flceicer and thicker, juft 
 ■a he happens to be in or out of feafon when he is 
 caught. His paws, before and behind are like thofe 
 of a mole, and (erve hitn for oars when he fwinis, 
 and for legs to crawl when he goes upon the icr, or 
 on (bore. He is a fierce animal, but being unweildjr 
 when on land, or on the ice, iseafily overcome. 
 
 Thefe animals are always found in herds, fometimct 
 ef many humlreds together, and if one is attacked, 
 the reft make it a common caufe, and (land by each 
 «ther till the laft aafp. If they are attacked' in the 
 vrater, they will fight defperately, and will even at- 
 tempt the boats of their purfuers, if any of them are 
 wounded and not mortally. Some of them have 
 been known to make holes in the bottom of the boat 
 with their tuflu, in defence of their young. Their 
 eyes are large, and they have two holes in the upper 
 part of the neck, out of which tliey ejei% the water, 
 in like manner as it is ejedled by whales. 
 
 The kt about Spitibergen is full of (i(b. The 
 mackarel, of which, there are no great plenty, feem 
 not only to be the mult wholefome, and the m. .1 pa- 
 latable, but alfo the mod beautiful. They feem to 
 be a different fpecies from thofe caught upon our 
 coaft. The upper part of the back is of a vivid blue, 
 the other part as low as the belly of a gem-like gre> n 
 on an azure ground. Underneath the belly, thecolo .' 
 isa tranfparent white, and the (ins (hine like polidted 
 filver. All the colours glow when alive in the (ea 
 with fuch a richnefs, that fancy can hardly form to 
 itfelf anr thing in nature more beautiful. Almoft 
 all the other fi(h on this coaft are of an oily nature, 
 and of a very indi(Ferent flavour. 
 
 The faw or fword-fi(h, is remarkable not only 
 for the oddityof his (hape, but alfo for his enmity to 
 the whale. This (i(h takes its name from a broad 
 flat bone, in length from two to four fcet, which 
 projefls from his nofe, and tapers to a point, on each 
 fide it has teeth like a comb, ;.i. the diftance of a 
 finger's breadth afunder. He is alfo furnidied with a 
 double row of (ins, and is of aftonifhing ftrcngth in 
 the water. His length is from ten to twelve feet. 
 Me feems to be formed for war, and war is his pro- 
 felfion. The conflict betwixt him and the whale is 
 .i.eadful, yet h« never gives over till his fword is 
 broken, or he comes olF vidoriout. 
 
 No fprings of fre(h water are found in Spitfbergen ; 
 but in the valleys, between the mounuins, are many 
 lills cau(ed by the rain and melting of the fnow in 
 fiimmer ; and from thcic rills the (nips are fupplied. 
 Some are of opinion, that this water is unwholeibme, 
 but the whaling people have drank of it for ages, and 
 have found no ill effe&t from the ufe of it. Ice taken 
 up in the middle of thofe feas and thawed, yields alfo 
 good frefli water. 
 
 There are many harbours about Spitlbergen, where 
 (hips employed in the whale (ilhery, take (belter in 
 ftormy weather : and there arc fome iflands, fuch as 
 Charles's Ifland, the Cliftcd Rock, Red Hill, 
 Hacluit's Headland, &c. that ferve* as landmarks, 
 by which feamen direft their courfe. Thefe iflands 
 are full of the nefts of birds, but their eges are as 
 naucious as the fle(h of the fowls that lay them. 
 The failors (bmetimes eat them, but they are (ilthy 
 food. Even the gecfe and ducks upon the neighbour- 
 ingiflands eat (ilny and (Irong. 
 
 The air hereabouts is never free from iceiclcs. 
 If one looks through the fun-beams tranfverl'ely in 
 the (hade, or whcM the rays are confined in a body, 
 inftead of dark motes as are generally fisen, he will 
 i^ numbers of particles that fparkle like diamonds ; 
 and when the fun (bines hot, u it fometimes does, 
 fo at to melt the tar in the (<;ams of (hipt when they 
 lie (heltered from the wind, thefe (hining atoms 
 fcem to melt away, and defcend like dew. 
 
 It is fcldom that it continues clear for many 
 4»ys together in thii climate i when that happens, 
 
 the whalers are generally fuccefsful. There it n« 
 di(rerence between night and day in the appearance of 
 the atmofphere about Spitlbergen, one being as light 
 as the other ; only when the Uin it to the northward 
 you may look at it with the naked eye, as at tbemooa, 
 without dazzling. The fogs hew come on fo lud- 
 denly, that from bright fun-lhine, you are prefently 
 involved in fuch oblcurity, that you can hardly fee 
 from one end of the (hip to the other. 
 
 We have already noticed the opinions of di(rerent 
 voyagert to Spitfliergen relative to a nortli-eaft pafl°agc. 
 Many attempts for this difcoverr were nado attcr 
 the unfortunate one of Sir Hugh Willoughby, among 
 thofe, few were more remarkable than that t>T 
 Captain Wood in 1676, who fet out with a full 
 perfuafion he (hould be able to open a paflage : his 
 voyage was unfortunate, he (truck upon a ledge of 
 rocks, and befides which, in endeavouring tu 
 difcover an opening, perpetually embayed him- 
 
 When firft he faw the ice, he imagined it waa 
 only that which joined t« Greenland^ and that n« 
 folid body of ice extended farther from land than 
 twenty leaeues; in this perfuafion, he altered ' li 
 ceurle, and coafted along in the dircAion in which 
 the ice lay, cxpfAing, at every cape or head-land of 
 ice, after running a certain di(tance, to find an 
 opening into the polar ocean : but after running two 
 or three glalTes to the northward in one bay, he luund 
 himfelf intanglcil in another ; and thus it continued 
 till his (hip was wrecked. 
 
 By this experiment he found that of Barents con- 
 futed, namely. «• That byTleering the middle courii 
 between Spittbergen and Nova Zembla, in open (ca 
 might be atuined, in which a (hip might fafcly <ail as 
 far as the pole." From his own experience, he 
 therefore, on his return, pronounced it impoflible to 
 find out thedcfired paflage. 
 
 To this pofitivc afllrtion, however, may be op- 
 poled the teuimony of many creditable perfons, fonie 
 of whom have ihcmfelves failed beyond tl>e eightieth 
 degree of north latitude, nnd olhcrs, upon evidence, 
 whofe veracity there i^ no reafoiiable cauic to bring in 
 qucflion. 
 
 Among the latter may be reckoned the following 
 tefiiirony. That about the ycir 1670, application 
 being made to the States Genecal for a charter to in- 
 corporate a company of merchants to trade to Japan 
 and China, by a new paflage to the north-eaft, the 
 then Eaft-India company opnofcd it, and that fa 
 efledually that their High Mighcineflcs refufed to 
 grant what the merchants requelfed. 
 
 But a proof inconteltabie, is the teftimony of Capt. 
 Hudfon, who failed in 1607, to the latitude of cighty- 
 oncdcgrees thirty minute* north, where he arrived 
 on the i6th of July, the weather being then pretty 
 warm. 
 
 To all this it may be added, that the Dutch, who 
 were employed in 1670, in cndearouring to find a 
 north-eaft palTage, advanced within a very few t-Vgrees 
 of that open fea, which is now commonly navi,!!;uti:4 
 by the RulEans, and which would have inf.ilhbly 
 have brought them to the coalts of China and Jaj^.m, 
 had they perfevered in the courfe they were pur- 
 fuing. 
 
 It does not appear however, from :in)' .:iuhentic 
 account, that any voyage, profefledly lur the dif» 
 covery of a nerth-ealt pnTagc, has taxn undertaken 
 by either public or private adventurers in England, 
 fince Captain Wood, in the ycu 1676, till of lata 
 years -, and it is more thrm probable, that if the 
 Ruffian difcoveries on the north of Afia had never 
 taken place, no further attempts of fittding a prac- 
 ticable paflage from Euro))e in that directioi^ 
 would ever more have been thought of.' 
 
 Having thus defcribed thefe places, we (hall take 
 leave ot fuch uncomfortable regions, where we can 
 feleft nothing farther that may contribute to the 
 information m entertainment of our readers. 
 
 TRAVELS 
 
Ii6;« 
 
 III no 
 let of 
 
 llight 
 
 nooa, 
 
 \fud- 
 
 lently 
 
 ly fee 
 
 r 5>9 i 
 
 i.. 
 
 TRAVELS 
 
 t M R O U G H 
 
 EUROPE, ASIA, AFRICA and AMERICA. 
 
 ACCORDING to our promifc, we (hall now proceed to feled, for the Entertainment and 
 Inftrudtion of our Readers, a collection of the moft remarkable Travels which have 
 been undertaken at various times to the different quarters of the globe. 
 
 Voyagers, however attentive to the purfuit or knowledge, have rarely been able to give us 
 any very accurate accounts of great continents, their oblervations being moftly confined to the 
 countries ftretching along the fea coafts. What they have learned of the interior parts they 
 have been frequently obliged to take upon hear-fay, and confequently their relations when noc 
 alfiHed by the accounts of Travellers, have been frequently uncertain and imperfetft. 
 
 There are beiidcs many minutix which are more immediately within the fphere of the 
 Traveller, and are well deferving the attention of the curious Reader; fuch are the defcrip- 
 tions of the curiofities of art and nature prcferved in various other countries, with many other 
 particulars too tedious to recapitulate. 
 
 All thefe will be attended to, as far as they may contribute to ufeful knowledge, fo that the 
 Travels will form a counterpart to the Voyages, and both together >.onftitute one, ffw/arw 
 fyiiiii, anlwering to the plan laid down in our Preface, to which wc mean to adhere with the 
 rholt Icrupulous exaftnefs. 
 
 TRAVELS THROUGH DENMARK, by LORD MOLESV^ORTfi anA 
 ■ J - OTHERS, FROM 1693, TO 1768. 
 
 DENMARK, properly fo called, is bounded on all 
 fides with the fcii, except one final! neck of land, 
 where it joins to Holftcin ; the German ocean wafhes 
 It on the weft and north-well; and the entrance into the 
 Baltic, called the Categatc, on the north and north- 
 eaft, the Baltic on the eaft, and the river Eyder on 
 tlic fouth ; which having its fourcc very near the eaft 
 len, takes Its courfeweftward, and falls into the ocean 
 at Toningen. 
 
 Denmark therefore, comprehending its iflands, lies 
 in length between 54 degrees 45 minutes, and 58 de- 
 grees 15 minutes, north latitude, the breadth not 
 being proportionable to its len;>th in general. 
 
 Norway, which lies north horn Denmark, and is 
 feparatcd frotn it by the fea that is ufually called 
 the Catenate, is a large and barren country, full of 
 mountains and fir trees } it reaches from 59 to 71 de- 
 grees of north Utttude, but is very narrow in refpeil 
 tu its length. It is bounded on the weft and north F>y 
 the ocean, on the eaft by Sweden, and the territories 
 belonging to it ; onthcfouth by the fea lying between 
 it and Denmark. The fea is fo deep about Norway 
 that there is no anchorage for (hips, and therefore its 
 coafts are accouiued the mofl dangerous of any in£u- 
 
 Vol. I. No. 45. 
 
 rope to run vi-itd in the night, or in' a ftorm, on which 
 if velFels chance to be driven,' there is no efcaping; 
 the fliore being all along high rocks, at the very foot 
 of which one may find two hundred fathoms wa- 
 ter. 
 
 Oldenburg and Delmcnhorft, are two countries iii 
 Germany that lie together, detached from all the reft 
 of the king of Denmark's dominions ; the two rivers 
 Elb and Wcfer, and the Duchy of Bremeli,' inter- 
 pofing between them and Holftein. They are bounded 
 on the north-eaft by the 'Wefer; on the weft by Eaft 
 Friefland, and the country of Embden, on thefouth 
 by part of the bifhoprick of Munfter. They are a 
 fmall territory of about thirty-five Engliih miles in 
 diameter, the middle of which is in the latitude of 
 33 degrees and a half. 
 
 Thereftof tlie King of Denmark's territories (not 
 mentioned in the enumeration of his titles are) the 
 Iflands of Feroe, and Iceland in the northern occan^ 
 St. Thoma.s, one of the Caribbcc Iflands in the Wert 
 Indies, and a fort upon the coaft of Guinea,' called 
 Chriftianlburg, and another in the Eaft Indies called 
 Tranquebar. He has likewifc a toll at Elfleet upon 
 the river Wcfw. 
 
 6 U Thn$ 
 
 ii 
 
5^ 
 
 TRAVELS THROC'GH DENMARK. 
 
 f<f>9j. 
 
 TIuH Dcnnuik connds of mnny iflands in the 
 llaltic I'cn, and of that p.irt of the continent which 
 is now called Jutland. This is the largcll and moll 
 fertile country, but the iflands arc more confiderable 
 in regard of their fituation, cfpccially /eland, be- 
 caufe Copenhagen, the chief city of Dcnrnaric, is 
 ieati'd in it, and the famous pall'ige of the Sound is 
 bordered by its (hore, where, on the narrowell part 
 of the toan hllenorc flands. 
 
 Zealand ib ahnoll n circular figure, and contains 
 about iSo Englilh miles in circumference. Its fer- 
 tility is but indiflVrent, there being no bread-corn 
 growing in any part of it, except rye, which indeed 
 is in gocd quantity, .nnd of which moft of their 
 bread is made. There arc few meadows in it, and 
 yet there is no want of good hay ; moft of their grafs, 
 which is fhort and fweet, grows by the fides of the 
 corn-.ficlJsjOrinfomefcattcicd I'pots of marih jjroiind. 
 It has no rivers, njr above half a fcore of brooks that 
 are able ro turn a mill; to fupply this, there arc a 
 great nuiirber of fine lakes lufficiently Itorcd with fifli. 
 'i'lie face of the land is ple.ifant, iliverfificd with lit- 
 tle hills, woods, and rivulets, in .i very agreeable 
 manner. Amoii;j;ft the fea-ports, that of Copen- 
 hagen is a very fine one, and is a great addition to the 
 city. 
 
 Denmark is one of thof- ftatcs which has arifen 
 from fmall beginnings. Though, as a people, the 
 Danes were early known in the world, and, under 
 the name of Ealleilings, in common with the Nor- 
 wegians and other nations, infelied with their piracy 
 the German and Britifli ocean. Our own liiftory in- 
 forms us what depredations they committed upon our 
 Sa)ton anceftors, as foon as the heptarchy was fettled 
 in England, till after numerous battles fought with 
 various fuccefs, they got firft footing in the i/lami, 
 and partly by conqueft, and partly by agreement, ef- 
 tabliflied fovereigns of the Danilh line upon the throne 
 of Britain. 
 
 At the period we are fpeaking of, piracies carried on 
 by great fleets were not looked upon asdiflionourablc. 
 Either the expcflation of plunder, or the dtfirc 
 of fceking new habitations, was e.vcufe fufficient 
 for one people to make defccnts upon another, and in 
 thefe contefts the conqueror was always in the right. 
 
 But as arts and commerce dawned upon the world, 
 mankind began to be more civilized, and to entertain 
 i lifter notions of things. That rettlcfs fpirit which 
 ti.id fo long anim.ited the northern nations, fubfided by 
 degrees, and thofe Eaftcrlings that had fo long been 
 the terror of their neigJibours, fettled into peaceable 
 Hates, loling much of their lavage ferocity, but ftill 
 generally keeping the flame of freedom alive among 
 them. 
 
 It is true, that we muftexpeft to meet with a vaft 
 difl^rence between the ch.ira;flers of the ancient 
 and modern Danes, as well as in the defcriptien of 
 their land at thefe different periods of time. The 
 improvcmets in agriculture which have taken place, 
 have altered the face of the country ; the progrefs of 
 arts, has changed the manners of the people ; and 
 Denmark has now her proportionate weight in the 
 fcale of the European powers. 
 
 Copenhagen, (according to modern authors) the 
 capital of Denmark, is a fine city, and the ftroiigeft" 
 place in his Danifli majefty's dominions. It is fitu- 
 atcd in a low marfli, furroundcd by the country 
 cf Rofkild i this makes it by nature ftrong, 
 and the numerous works added to it, in the modern 
 ftilc of fortilication, incrcafe the ihength greatly. 
 The moft ftriking objecf, is the harbour and the na- 
 val arfcnal j it is capacious enough to hold 500 men 
 of war, and yet only one fhip can come in at a time ; 
 the entrance, fmall as it is, is defended by feveral 
 great giins, and there are feveral platforms near it, 
 with three forts. There arc no tides in the Baltic, 
 but the depth of water in the haibour, renders it per- 
 fedly fecure for the greateft ftiips, fo that it is juftly 
 reckoned one of ih:' bed havens in the world. The 
 king's fleet lies regularly arranged between boom?, and 
 
 >^;ainft ihem magazines, with the name of each fliip, 
 on the door of the ftore rooms, belonging to her ; and 
 every thing is kept in the completell order. The ad- 
 miralty is on the haven, which contains, befules tliele 
 magazines, numerous others ( thcarfeiians very will 
 furiiilhed with cannon and other military ftores ^ ai;J 
 ji'djoiniiig to thefe buildings, is a citidal, wliich ci.ni- 
 mands the harbour. 
 
 The royal palace is a fine buliding, very fpaciou«, 
 and fome of the apartments m.ignificent. Tim 
 court is a brilliant and military one, for the number 
 of officers are great ; the very garrifon of Copenha-rn 
 alone amounts to 10,000 men, bcfides the kh^^'t 
 guards, which arc very fine, fliewy, and well difci; - 
 Hned fet of men. The ftanding forces of the king- 
 dom are about 40,000 men, 14,000 of which .tr<: ca- 
 valry, and the reft infantry i a confideiable num- 
 ber of thefe are militia, hut then the militia of thi» 
 country is as regularly, and as well dilciplincd, as 
 the regular troops ; and for about two months in the 
 year, they aie embodied, and in aitual dilcipline; a 
 part of which time, they form the garrifon of Copen- 
 hagen, and arc ininicdiately under the eye of the 
 kin§. 
 
 'i he troops of Denmark, have a very good charac- 
 ter for bravery and obedience, the two great cficntials 
 in a foldier ; but the number kept up is much greater 
 than it ought to be, fincc Denmark furnifhes nine- 
 tcnths of them, Norway fupplying only fcamcn; and 
 their boifterous coaft form them la bold and hiirdv, 
 that none arc accounted better. None of the domi- 
 nions, c;ictpt partial diftri(5is, are well peopkd ; and 
 fuch a numerous body of troops, many of whom a;c 
 taken from their own peafants, is doing a gicat mif- 
 chicf to agriculture. 
 
 Many of the regiments are filled with foreigner:, 
 particularly Germans and Poles j and there are urcat 
 numbers of foreign officers in all the corps ; thisis to 
 keep the nation in the more Ani\ obedience. 
 
 The princes that have fet upon the throne of Den- 
 mark have been, (incc the revolution, remarkable for 
 their abilities, and for purfuiiig the real intereils of 
 the country. 
 
 At a certain period, thecommons difguftcd wi.h the 
 tyrannical behaviour of the nobles, went to the palace, 
 and made an ofter of their lives, libtrtics, and piopci- 
 ties to the king, without evru- a(king the concurrence 
 of the third eftatc : but the nobles were utterly againft 
 the meafure; and though they agreed in it nt laft, 
 yet every writer is fufficiently clear, that it was by 
 force they came into the agreement. 
 
 There are feveral new manufadlorics at Copen- 
 hagen, called royal ones, from being cftab'.iftied at 
 the king's expcnce ; the chief of thefe are the woollen 
 ones; here are more than 400 looms for weaving moft 
 forts of cloths, from the fineft, for the wear of the 
 king himfelf, and his court, to coarfcr forts f«r 
 cloathing the army. There are a great number of 
 hands employed in thefe, and fome late meafiires have 
 been taken to incrcafe them, and with fuch fuccefs, 
 that if they went on with as good a progrel's in future, 
 as they have done hitherto, it is faiJ, they would not 
 only cloath all the army, but completely fupply the 
 whole demand of Copenhagen, and alio make all that 
 was wanted to export to the Eaft Indies. 
 
 The improvements in agriculture, which have 
 lieen made with attention and care, arc verv 
 great and confpicuous in many parts of the king's 
 dominions j and nothing can exceed the means which 
 have been taken in this work to Hccoinplifh the end. 
 The former bad ftate of this kingdom, w.is greatly 
 owing to the mil'cry under which the pcafants groaned. 
 This has been every where mollified : they have had 
 numerous edi£ls in their favour, villainage is in 
 many diftriiSfs abolifhed, and the nobles and gentry 
 prevented by fevcre laws, from trampling upon the 
 lower clafl'es, in the manner they too commonly did 
 formerly. 
 
 The'late king fent feveral very able men to travel 
 through England, in order to report to him on ih.ir 
 
 return. 
 
 1 HirifWMy li iitf-^Ut 
 
1693-) 
 
 t R A V E L S THROUGH D i: N AI A R K. 
 
 is* 
 
 return, tlic peculiarities, laws, cuftoms, anil coniluci, 
 Mhich ill that kiiigilom ftcitieii to be mod conducive 
 to the well bcinj of hulbandry. 'I'heir journey was 
 fXTCutcd with i;reat ability, aiul from their memoirs 
 his majcfty aiul niiiiiltiTs were enabled to jiid|;c what 
 was, and what was not, prai!tirablf in Denmark. 
 'I'ht grand articles were, to give more freedom to the 
 cl.ifs of cultivators, to fecure their property, toabolirti 
 multipliable taxes, and to lett farms on lonjj Icafes 
 with covenants of improvements. Thefc were the 
 great heads of the report, and the points upon which 
 they niolf infifted, as thofc which were the crcateft 
 bencRt in England. They oftcred numerous inferior 
 ones, upon the particular conduft of certain foils, 
 upon draining, manuring, ploughing, &c. Imple- 
 ments were fent over as patterns, and fome ingenious 
 men toinflriift tlieniin the ufc of them; and the king, 
 in order to prtferve the knowledge thus gained, fixed 
 thofe, with haiidfomc falaries, on his crown lands, 
 with their implements, and dircilcd each to manage 
 a given quantity of land according to the Englim 
 husbandry. The miii who worked under them for 
 three years, were then changed, and fent to other 
 eftatcs, and frefli ones inllrudted, and the implements 
 were on courfe multiplied with all of them ; fo that 
 at this time there arc a great number in conflant ufe 
 in different parts of the kingdom. The general cffciils 
 of fuch meafurcs arc not immediately felt, but the 
 confequences of the principal parts of the fchcme have 
 been rapid and great, particularly the letting lands 
 on Icafes of improvement, which the king put in ex- 
 ecution upon the crown lands immediately, and upon 
 a large fcale ; and by his recommendaticiis to the 
 nobility, &c. and granting privileges to eftates, in 
 this management, the method fpreads fo much, that 
 if the fpirit which now animates the kingdom, lalls 
 but for half a century, Denmark may probably be as 
 well cultivated as fome parts of England, and thole 
 not the worft. Anotherencour.ngcnient which his late 
 majefty gave to agriculture, was, ordering the beft 
 books on that fubje£l in the French, Englifh, and 
 German languages, to be tranllated into Danifli, aiul 
 many complete fets of thcfe he made prefents to fuch 
 of his fubjet^s, as made themfelves at all known by 
 any undertaking in agriculture beyond the common 
 pradlice. He alfo puhliflicd the olFer of confider- 
 able premiums to be annually diftributed kmong the 
 tenants of the royal demcfncs, who excelled the moil 
 in works of this nature. 
 
 In the fine arts, the Daoes are no proficients ; they 
 have not encouragement enough to make any progrefs. 
 'I"he kingdom is too poor to yield a market even to 
 great portrait painters ; nothing can ever carry the 
 ime, which in faol are the luxurious arts, to any dc- 
 ilji'ce of height, but a |>crIod full of wealth ; in which 
 luxury abounds to an high degree, and wherein the 
 artift may find plenty of employment from the great 
 ami rich, and be at the fame time very well paid for 
 it. The only art that makes any decent figure at 
 Copenhagen, is niufic, which fiourilhes pretty much 
 at their concerts. 
 
 Copenhagen principally flouriflies from the refi- 
 denceof the court i this is much the moil brilliant 
 objecfl in Denmark. There are many great oificers 
 of ilate with conftderahle appointments; thcfe, with 
 the numerous infciior ones, and the guards, tend to 
 render the toan j;r.y. 
 
 The Daiiilh army is kept in very good order, and 
 well difciplincd : the men arc picked, and their 
 fc-loathing is in general very neat. We have already 
 mentioned, that they are not all embodied at a time, 
 but they could draw together, at a fliort notice, about 
 40,000 men, with a fine train of artillery and all 
 itorcs proportioned. This renders the king a re- 
 fpe£iable monarch, in the military light, among the 
 powers of the north ; and has certainly been one 
 reafon for the long peace, in which two or three very 
 wife kings have kept their dominions. Denmark has 
 nothing to fear from any of its neighbours, except 
 Kuifia, with whom (he cannot compare in force. 
 
 The revenues of Denmark have been increafing 
 gradually for fifty years 1 but the two lall king>, at 
 the fame time that they did many great things 
 for the good of their fubjcdls, and th^; ornament of 
 their kingdom ; and even aholiflicd fomo taxes, that 
 were the mull burthenfonie, greatly improved the 
 royal income. 
 
 The kings army, if fubfidics be reckoned, and the 
 great numbers to whom he finds nothing but amis, coils 
 him little, though there have been Ibme years in which 
 Denmark has bten without any treaties of fubiidy. 
 His navy is maintained at a very eafy rate, the num- 
 ber in coiiAaiu piiy in times of profound peace, is nut 
 confiderable ; the reil arc retained by a month's pay 
 in the yeir, to be ready at a call, and which they 
 find a mod excclknt way ; fo that the expcnce of tlie 
 navy is little more than the building and lebuiUIinj 
 ihips, and filling the llores and magazines. 
 
 Ihe increalb of the royal revenue cpf Denmark, 
 has been alnioil fulely owing to a general inipruvtrnent 
 in the riches and welfare of th.* nation, and nut, in a 
 fingle inUance, tc the addition of t.axcs. Thcin- 
 creafe of the trade, the eilabliihment of manufadures, 
 and the improvement of lands, have all aildcd to the 
 general income of the people, and increaled the num- 
 ber of the people themfelves ; and where taxes are at 
 all general, as they are in Denmark, and indeed in 
 riioilof the counties in Europe, all incrcafe of income 
 inim'diately makes taxes more productive; becnufc 
 the fame taxes produce more in proportion, as the 
 v/ealth of the people increafes, and as they, confe- 
 qucntly, can atlord to make a more free ufe of the 
 things and commodities that arc taxed. oo that 
 it follows, l^at Denmark is not to be fuppofcd poor, 
 in proportion ,'o the increafc of the king's revenue. 
 On the contrary the kingdom bids fair to flouiiih, 
 as it appears to be continually improving. 
 
 " From all the opportunities I have had of feeing 
 and converfingwith the Danes (fays a modern author) 
 which I have done with all ranks, they appear to be a 
 brave, courteous, and humane people. I'he fuperior 
 dalles are of an high fpirit, and have as much viva- 
 city in them as any people in Europe, the French 
 alone excepted. They arc (hewy and fond of magni- 
 ficence, and live in a mean between the Englifh and 
 the Germans, more fumptuous than the latter, but 
 not with i'uch a general confiftcncy as the former ; but 
 I fpeak here of their nobility only. In their drefs, 
 the French faihions arc generally followed, and the 
 language of that nation is alfo univerfal among them< 
 In their houl'es, they are expenfive not only in the ar- 
 chitedlure, but alfo in the furniture, exceeding in this 
 refpe^ the Germans, but not equalling the Engliih. 
 At their tables they refcmble the Germans moft for 
 cookery, but do not fit fo long at their meals. In 
 Germany, four courfes and a defart will hold, upon 
 a moderate computation, four hours and a half, which 
 in England is difpatched in one. But the Danes is 
 between the two, fcldom rifing however under the two 
 hours. Some of the nobility are very expenfive in 
 French cooks, but it is not general. In their wines, 
 they are particularly curious ; nor do I-in any coun- 
 try remember tailing a greater variety, or better of 
 thefort. Their tables arc admirably well ferved wit|i 
 fifli, particularly of freih water : and have fea fiih in 
 great abundance, though not of the beft ibrts. Wild 
 fowl they abound greatly in, and have a greater variety 
 than we in England ; their venifon is excellent ; but 
 their butchers meat is not, the whole not to be com- 
 pared to that of the Fnglifh. All the rich nobility 
 have hot houfes, and hot vv^lls, fronted with glafs^ 
 in their gardens; yet for want of a complete know- 
 ledge in the management of the plants, their fruit in 
 general is bad. In other Ibrts of provifions they have 
 upon a par with their neighbours ; and their impor- 
 tations of various eatables of luxury have much in- 
 crealed of late years. 
 
 " If .-in account is taken in all thcfe particulars of 
 the next clafs of the people, the gentry, thtre will 
 appear a greater difTcrciice between them and the fame 
 
 ■-'■■ ' • , rank 
 
S3» 
 
 TfeAVKLLS tflRdu^H t) E S ii A V. k 
 
 f't'»3 
 
 V 
 
 i AS. 
 
 rnnk in England, than hrtwci-n the D.iiiifli nnd the 
 Kngli/h nohility. They are ivjt (<.< t<.iiil(irt:ibly in 
 thoir CMciinift.iiircs, (caiccly Jiiy ot thchi arciheiiiii^ 
 ters ot' Inch illalcs as to carry tht m nlinutt to par with 
 the nobles which is fo common in uui country. Con- 
 fiJering that u great part of the nobility make a very 
 had llbnic fi^uie, the gentry <io not proportionably 
 e4ual thvin. 
 
 ** The lower claiTcs are not comparable to ours, 
 in cafe ant) happinefs ) but they are by no means in 
 thiit ilatc of abfolutc flavery, they were in Mr. 
 Molefwurth's time. Several cdiifts and regulations 
 have been publiflied by the crown far reftraining the 
 ancient villainage, and a great number uf cafes fpe- 
 cificd, in \vhic:> they gain thiir freedom ; and as to 
 the lower inhabitant's uf the towns and cities, they 
 have the fame freedom as in other .ibfolute countries. 
 
 " As to the perfons and manners of the lower 
 clafles, they are generally as well made and as flout 
 as the Germans ; they make good fuldiers, and with 
 any gentle ufage, are very docile niul truiflable. Their 
 manners have qpthing of diflin^uilhing brutality in 
 them ; they are in the villages, ignorant and down- 
 ifli i but I have travelled through fcveral countries 
 where the poor people arc much more contemptible. 
 With proper inltruifiions, 1 believe there are none in 
 Europe j would make better hufbandmvn and f-irmersj 
 tor the peafnnts, whether free or not, arc liitle far- 
 mers i and many of them manage their fmall fjuits of 
 ground in fuch a manner, that there can be no doubt, 
 tiut under more favourable circumftances they would 
 equal their neighbours in every thing belonging to 
 the culture of the earth. 
 
 " 'J"he Danifli army finds emplovment for many 
 young men of fmall fortune, who Icrvc in order to 
 j'jin a gcniv'tl niaiiitcnancc, and tlic iniploymcnts 
 about ttij court, of the lower fort, provide for others j 
 J'omc ai)|)ly thcmfulves to trade voluntarily, in order 
 to rail'-- foiaiii„j, r.nd freely embark for the Eaft and 
 the Wcdindies, and in the profecution of thcl'e pur- 
 fuits, they aic remarkably diligent and indefatigable; 
 and many of fuch as fi.ck their fortunes abroad, return 
 home With very good ones, efpccially lincc the late 
 cncoura;icmi.iit tliat has been given to commerce ; for 
 (luring tlicfc latter rtigns, there has been a regular 
 •ittention to cveiy thing that could promote the in- 
 tcreft of trade, and no aAs of injuOicc or opprcflioii, 
 againfl thole who have bettered their circumftances by 
 iiny kind of induftry, have been known in the crown, 
 or I'uftered in any of the great men. 
 
 " In their diverfions, the Danes follow the fa- 
 Ihions of the French and Englilh : cards make a 
 greater progrefs than formerly, and the wives of the 
 nobility, and of fuch other clafles as can alTord it, 
 have at Co|)enhngen their alfcmblies almoft as rcgu- 
 laily as any at London. The men arc great chefs 
 players ; it is a game thty are very fond of, and which 
 is more conmionly introduced at their vifits than in 
 England : billiards and tennis are alfo common at 
 Copenhagen. The theatre is French, though they 
 have lately eftabliflicd a Danifh one, where pieces 
 trandated from the Englifh and French are indiffer- 
 t-ntly perfornr m\ : attempts have been made of an 
 Italian opera but without fuccefs. 
 
 > " Learning of all kinds is but at a low ebb, to fay 
 the truth, the encouragement, which has flowed am- 
 ply from the crown, during the two laft reigns, has 
 
 -been almoft exclufively in favour of objc^ls of utility. 
 Trade, manufaflurcs, and agriculture, have been 
 much more attended tu than the cultivation of litera- 
 ture and the fciences ; though an acidemy was found- 
 ed, but it has not been very piodudive. The laws 
 of Denmark arc very famous for their brevity and ex- 
 cellence, but then their brevity leaves To much in the 
 bieafVof the judge, that it is little more than a dele- 
 gate of defpotifm. The throne of Denmark has, of 
 late years, been filled with able princes, who have 
 ilicwn, in every deportment of the ftate, fuch fpirited 
 condu£V, with fo much attention to the welfare of 
 
 ' ihtir fubjed', that I have no doubt> but the laws 
 
 have been well and imparti.illy executed ; ind whili* 
 luth a tight hand is held over all orders of the pcoj-li;' 
 in power, of wh'atfoever kind, I can eafily ((uictive 
 many bft/Tinas to flow fiom tlicfi; ftiort 'liws; but 
 what would they be under a negll^int one i"' 
 
 Haviiur mentioned the revolution Iiv which the 
 king of Denmark becume abfulute, we itiall here guc 
 the leader an account of that important event. 
 
 After the conclufion of the peace between thr tw<» 
 Northern crowns, Anno i5(jo, lim-c confiderable ctic 
 and time was necellary to rednfs the dil'oiiicrs occa- 
 fioncd by fo terrible a war. Denmark h.id brrn mod 
 violently fliaken ) .^uid allhniij^h the fuiy of ilie tem- 
 pefl was over, the .igitation raufcd Iry it ftill conti- 
 nued: The army was not vet dilh.inded, nor could 
 be for want of money to dilcharge its airc.irs; this 
 caufed frequent infolcnciis in the folJier;:, with a 
 
 further oppreflion of the burgers and poor country 
 people, who had been in a manner already ruined by 
 the mileries attending the war. 'J'hc nobility, though' 
 
 lords and maflers, were full of diTcontents, and the 
 clergy not in the condition they wifllcd. I'o redrefs 
 all fuch grievances, and reduce afTairs into fomc 
 order, by procuring money for the payment and dif- 
 bandingof th« army, tlic king thought lit to appoint 
 a meeting of the three eflatcs at Copenhagen, viz. the 
 nobility, the commonality, and clergy ; which ac- 
 cordingly followed about the middle of (JiHober : af- 
 ter fome days felfion, during which the nobility, ac- 
 cording to their ufual praiftice, debated how the funis 
 of money requifite might with greatcft cafe and con- 
 veniency be levied upon the commons, without the? 
 IcafV intention of bearing any propeirtionable Iharc 
 themfclves. Several difputcs arofe, and many iharp 
 cxprtffions pcfled between them and the commons ; 
 on one hand the nobility Were for maintaining their 
 anticnt prerogative of paying nothing by way of tax, 
 but only by voluntary contributions; and (hewed 
 themfelves too ftift' at a time when the country wa« 
 cxhaufled, and mod of the remaining riches lodged 
 in th'.'ir hands ; they feemed to make ufe of thi.<i oc- 
 cafion, not only to vindicate, but even to enlarge their 
 privilege* ibove the other two eftates, by laying im- 
 pcfitioiis upon them at plealure, whit-h weight they 
 would not touch th- Tifelves any farther, than as they 
 thought fit. On the other hand, the clergy for their 
 late adherence to the intereft of their country, and the 
 burgers for the vigorous defence of tlirir city, 
 thought they might juffly pretend to new nirni, 
 and be confidercd at leaft as good fiibjcAs in n 
 rtatc, which they themfclves had fo refohitcly 
 defended. They remembered the great promiles 
 made them when dangerous enterprifes were to 
 be taken in hand, and how fucccl'sliilly they ha<1 
 executed them, thereby faying from a foreign yoak, 
 not only the city of Copenhagen, hut the whole 
 kingdom, the royal family, and even thofe nobles that 
 dealt fo hard with them : they judged it therefore 
 reafonable, that the fum« of money neceflary, fliould 
 be levied proportionably, and that the nobility, who 
 enjoyed all the lands, mould at lead pay their fhare 
 of the taxes, fince they had fulFcred lefs in the com- 
 mon calamity, as well as done Icfs to prevent thr 
 progrefs gf it. 
 
 'f his manner of arguing was very difpleafing in 
 the nobles, and occafioned many high words on both 
 fides : at length a principal fenator, called Otto 
 Craeg, flood up, anet told the prcfident of the city, 
 That the commons neither undcrflood nor confidercd 
 the privileges of the nobility, who at all times had 
 been exempted from taxes, or the true condition of 
 themfelves, who were no other than flaves : lb that 
 their beft way was to keep within their own bounds 
 and acquicfe in fuch meafures as antient practice had 
 warranted, and which they were refolved to maintain. 
 This Word flaves, put all the burgers and clergy into 
 diforder, caufingaioud murmur in the hall ; which 
 Nanfon, the prefident of the city of Copenh9|;cn, and 
 Speaker of the Houfe of Commons, perceiving, and 
 finding a fit occafion of putting in praAice a delign 
 j before 
 
I7fi8-] 
 
 T R A V V. I, S r K R O U C, U D V. N M A R K. 
 
 <33 
 
 which 
 anJ 
 
 biloic coiicortcil (ilinu",h but wiakly) bft.vrcii liim 
 ail i the hilliop, ill yrc.it iuij'i'r rcilc out ci|' Ins lial, 
 and IwiirL' an o.itli, " That llu' tonimcm w ic no 
 fl.ivcs, nor liiini iIu-ikcIoiiIi hf cillcd lo by llic no- 
 bilily. wliiili ilii'y llioiiki lu'iii piovc ti) ilieir co(t i" 
 ami iiii.iii ivhiih, bri'akiiw up tin- iiflniibly in ilifoi'- 
 ilcr, and (Itparliii;; out ot' die ball, w.ii iVdbr.vcJ by 
 all tbciKi ;v aiul buri'.crs, tbe nr.lilus iR-ing bit ab.iic 
 to ciuUuii U'illi ibcinl'Ivcs at tbcir kiluu', i.lt' r a 
 little u liilc .nljuuriKil to a'private biiuic mar the rourt. 
 In ihi- mean time the tdiniinuis, beiny provoke! to 
 tbe high'. Il Jegre', arul rtfulvin;; to put tlieir thrMts 
 in iXLtutiiiii, iii.ui.lml proccirnin.illy by couple^, a 
 cUrgjinan aihl a i-ijir.r.;";ici , lV;>iu 'he i 't.it h.ill <ii 
 parli.uiiynt biiul., t(i thi' brf.vti\ bull, whi.bw.i-. 
 the 1111)11 convnii. nt pb.ue tliev couM pirtli iiponlo 
 ill .ip:irt iVoiii tlic imbb's, tile blllicp of Cnpeii'i;\ ^ai, 
 anil lb; |,r'.liJriit ol iht- city, leaJin^; them. It w.i. 
 there i!uiu;;ht neccll'.iry to confider Ipicdily ot tbe moll 
 cluvtu'.l means to lui picl's the intollcr.tble priJc of 
 the nobility, and Ik. u to mend tlieli own comlitioii : 
 alter many debates, tlicy concluded, tb.it they IhoulJ 
 iniineui.iielv v/. lit upon the kin:j, and ofl'er liiiii lb' ir 
 votes and aliilt.mcc to be abl'olutc inonarcli of the 
 realm, as alio tli:it the i rown (linuld delccnd by in- 
 licril;ince to liis I'.imily, vvbieli hitherto had gone by 
 rleclioii. They promired ihemleKes the kiii;i woul I 
 li.ivc logieat oMi;.',.ilion5 to tluni for this pit CO of fer- 
 viei, tliat hj uoubl [;rant andVonfirni fuch priviledges 
 as llioul J place ilieni .ibove the d.-rec of (laves, 'i'bey 
 knew li.' had hitiicrto been curbj.l by the no\)i!ity in a 
 gre.'.t ine.ilure, an. I now faw their o.vn foicr, bein;^ 
 iib'c (liiiee tiny bad arms in their own hands, and tbe 
 com uirtiKo of the loUliers) to perform wli.it they iin- 
 deitonk. At I lie u orlV, they fuppoled they (hould 
 Milv ehanr ■ m.iny m. .iters (or one, ind could better 
 lu'.ir h.ir.bii.ps from a kiny; than from inferior p; rlbns : 
 or ii' liv.ir c.ile w.is not bettered, at leall tbny thought 
 it l.)iiie coinlort to have more company in it j be- 
 flJes the latisl'aiilion of revenge on tbol'c that hitherto 
 not onlv ul'ed thcin ill, but inCiilteJ over them lo 
 lately. ''I'my knew the kin^, and had den him bear 
 with admir.ible patii.iKe and conftancy ;iil hiscuUmi- 
 tiey, were peiluadcd be was a valiant prince, who bad 
 tift.'n exp.ilcd his perfon for the fake of the public, 
 and tlv lelore liioiij^lit iliey touKi never. Ij enough to 
 fiKW their gr.itiiude, which is the ul'unl temper of the 
 people upon any fort of benefit received from their 
 prince. 
 
 .Sc.itcely was this propofed but it W.1S agreed to, and 
 tiotliing but the unlealbnahlcnrCjof the time (it being 
 then iieir ni.;lit) deferud the immediate execution of 
 it; but all the necellary meafures were taken againft 
 the next moining. 
 
 Tb -• cle:g,y h.id a further drift in this change of go- 
 vcrnmeiir ; for having been hitherto kept under by 
 the nobiliiy, thcv forecified to have no other fuperior 
 but the king, whofe nc.v authority they cngat;ed to 
 ina.ntain by the influence they had on the coni'cienccs 
 of the p ople ; expecting, with realbn, tb.c like fa- 
 vours -.'iid protcclion from the king, together with an 
 iiicreall- of ihcir power ; (incc he was in a great mca- 
 furc obliged to them for his own ; and the benefits 
 were likely to be mutual for the future ; the one hav- 
 ing; the forcr, the other tbe lie of religion in their pof- 
 feillon, which contraifls ("ub(ills to this day, to the 
 great adiantago of both (ides. 
 
 The court was not ignorant all this while of what 
 pafl'ed ; they wanted no l])ie>, no mcflengcrs to give 
 iiotiee of tiie diieontcnt of the commoners. Hanni- 
 bal Seeiltde, a I'enfible man, was prime minifter ; 
 and thebilliop, or luperintendent Swan, with Nan- 
 fon the (peakcr of the houfe of commons, were his 
 creatures: thcfe bad formcr'v in fccrct laid the dcfign, 
 wbicli was now upon the point of difclofing, though 
 their hopes were hardly laid (b liii'Ji, as to promilc 
 themfelves fuch mi;,hty fuccefs. Tlie whole night 
 palled in brigues and mcllenjers, the commons anger 
 was to be kept up to the rtquilue bc'^br, and the re- 
 foUltion they h.ul taken the iiighl bcfuicuot to be I'uf- 
 
 VoL. I. No. 46, 
 
 ('.red to cool, but perfulcd in t'tinu-s the nc.yt .r^rn- 
 iiig. The ([iicen, ;i wom.in of in!: igu- .ind l'i;;,'i (pi- 
 nt, wroii^h'. (lrcn;jly in i: by all n. iiner ol v.iys< 
 .. hint the l.iiij, citn;i thii'U^'li doubt of the event, or 
 linl'e of ihcdillioneliy ^nd eliiiv of the aiitor^, in pt"- 
 euring afl:r (i:c!i a mar.nrr the abloluto domiaion of 
 .1 free country, could h.\rdly be b i>ii^ht to con.ply 
 uilhit. Hc'detLiied tli:it ii:de;d he llioiild b'- pica eit 
 ihe (Mvereinnty uere entai!..d lui hi> family, piuii.ltd 
 it were done by univeiCal coiuent; but to beeomc ab- 
 lohitc and a:bitra:y, was neither his dvliio, nor did 
 he think it lor ih'- henrlit of tie kuu;J.ini i that Ur 
 was (ali^tled he liiculd not mah.eill uli ot I'uehan un- 
 limited i.iiihoiiiy, but no body kiiev/ what lucc.Kors 
 he might have i lii;itituas therefore d.o> >' rous both 
 (or them to;;ivc , an.l hini to receiic fuch .1 povjiras 
 mi^ht be :ibu(ed in lutuie tin s to the u'tei ruinot'_ 
 ihe naiioii. 
 
 IJut thtl'c redeeTions, v.hcther t'lcy W' re real, or 
 only pretence-, v\ hetlier la.i.ed by the piety or we,.k- 
 ne.s of the kiiii^, were Coon ovcr-mled by the mare 
 .iinbiiious and mafi uline fpiritof the queen, wtio dc- 
 (ircd him to (it (till, and Tee Jiow flic and her tiuiliaritj 
 would work for him ; told him, t! at tiie plot was 
 well laid, and bad began to operate jiroi'peioully ; tb.ic 
 he muit not ob'irucl lii> own and his families r'.ood 
 fortune; and in iiiie, (b Car prei./ihd on him, liiaC 
 he (icnied wiih fear to conCent 10 it, and permit ihac 
 wiiich he very much dclircil. Ifuing however 
 bylhiiihcwof iinwillin;, iiefs, kft open to hiinklt" 
 a door of reconciliation with his people, in tale ihc 
 hufmefs did not ("uceced. 
 
 All this while the nobles cither had none, or but ('mail 
 intimation of ihe proceedings o( tiie commons, they had 
 been u((:d lb long to (light and tyianni/.c over, that they 
 were not now (cnCible of any impending danger iroin 
 them, contemning their thicat, as well as their per- 
 loiis, and imagining they would have repi:iUed tho 
 next day, and comply with all that (hould be de- 
 manded of them i but the plot was deeper laid than 
 they fuppoCtd ; for not only the piime minilter, 
 but (bme other members of their own body, who h.iJ 
 employments depending on tbe court, wtn- engaged in 
 it. 1 his inadvertency, with tbe want of reijuilits 
 courage upon the occafion, brought upon tliem tiie 
 niiCchitf on a Cuddcn ; (o that except two or three 
 who were more than ordinary doubttuCof what'm.gi'iv 
 happen, and dipt out of the town that night, the reft 
 were altogether I'earleCs of danger, till the very inftant 
 that the evil was pafl remedy. 
 
 Sch;ick, tliegoverno. of the town had been gained 
 by the court to favour the dedgn, which he performed 
 eft'eftually, though not with (o fervilc an intention ai 
 others; (or when the king, upon the tirlt news cf ths 
 refolution of the commons, did often openly promile 
 that he would in gratitude, recompencj and declare 
 them all free, as foon as it lay in his power, by the 
 gift they were about to make him, and the people 
 were willing to truft the king's goodfttTs, a:id to de- 
 pend on the peribrmance of this promiCe, encou- 
 raged thereunto by the clergy, who alledged it a 
 thing unbeCeeming and difhonourablc to require any- 
 Other Security from tho king than his bare word : yrt 
 Schack urged vehemently that the commons lliouid 
 infifl: to have this promife under the king's hand, and 
 make themfelves (urc of the reward (or lb conquerable 
 a prefent as they were going to make, vvliilft ihev had 
 (b ("air an opportunity in their hands. Jiut all his in- 
 (taiiccs were in vain ; th«y were in the ;;i\ ing humour, 
 and relblvcd to do it gcneroufly, trulting the king (or 
 the pcrCormance if his word ; a thhii; which they' 
 have fincc, often, though too late, repented of. 
 
 The next morning, the nobles met in the council 
 houfe, and the other two electors in the brev.-crs bail, 
 the refolution of the commons could not be kept lo 
 fecict, but by this time feme warm rumours of it 
 h:id reached the nobility ; but fcarcely had they Iciluro 
 to confider what was fit to be done on that cccallin, 
 when they were informed that the commona wrier 
 marching towards them > ferthe biihop and the prcfw 
 
 ir 
 
53+ 
 
 TRAVELS THROUGH DENMARK. 
 
 dent had llivNcIl pcrrurmcd their parti, anJ urged the 
 ni'C< i'iiy ot' l'|jL-cilily txccutiri^ what had been refulvcd 
 rn till iljy helorc j th.it pII lime was judged loft which 
 w.i'< not rmpluyid in putting; it in practice ; they im- 
 
 r,7f,8 
 
 r/i r» • • / 
 
 iiiiili.itely .igrc'cd to t;() to thciouncil-houfc, und there 
 proponiid tn llie ncbilitv their defij;n, dthrinp; their 
 ciincuirtiicf in luih a nrcellary work, for the wel- 
 fare of the kiiif;diim. 'I'hey marched throuch the 
 flreets «itli great gravity and filence, by couples, as 
 befcrc, whilll the mob, by repeated Ihouts, applauded 
 what they were going to do. And thus they came to 
 the houfr whi re ilie nobles were all'enibled, who liad 
 fcarcc waniiiu; fnfficicnt to receive them. 
 
 Thepreli li ntNanlon made a (hort harangue, fctting 
 forth that ''" •/ had confideicd the ftalc of the nation, 
 anil thnt lb y found the only remedy for the many 
 diforJcrs which aflictid it, was to make the crown 
 heriiiii.i V, and to give more power to the kiii^; than 
 hitherto had been enjoyed ; that this refolution was 
 alreail) t\kni by the commons and clergy, in which 
 if the mb lity (houKI think fit to concur, they were 
 ready to atcompanv' them to the kinij, and n\Ar him 
 a tender of an hereditary and (jvcn-i^n donuu. n j il 
 not, that they were goint; tlienifi Ives, and the inattti 
 would be doiie without them ; that a fpecdy refolution 
 was neccdhry, for they h.'d alrc.iily fent word to tlic 
 court of their coming, and his majefty expciSled them 
 in the hall of his palace; therefore ilefired to be in- 
 lormed in a few word'! what they refolved to do. 
 
 'Ihe fuddennclsof fuch a propofition, andbriflcnef-. 
 in the manner of its delivery, caufcd a general afto- 
 nilhmcnt inthe nobles J one might have fecn tliofe 
 who but the day before carried it fo proudly, in an 
 inllant fall to an excefs of complacency, and betray 
 their fear by their fpecchci and countenances, as they 
 formerly had done their arogancc. The mifchicf no 
 fooner appeared to thcin, but they faw it was unavoid- 
 able i there was no Icifurc allowed them to confult ; 
 and to deny their compliance, or even to del.iy it, 
 was dangerous. To give up at once their beloved 
 power, and to fubmit their necks to a heavy yoak, 
 was an intolerable grievance : but they faw they were 
 jio longer mailers i the commons were armed, the ar- 
 my and clergy againft them ; and they found now too 
 Jate, that what the day before they had coiiifidered only 
 
 a, tl«1f oPa'.runcl^tfr^nl'gVdSy'muTtU~de,' ^ 
 Buided by wifer heads, and fupported by cncourage- 
 |"ents from court; .nay, poffibly by fome of their 
 own body : they fufpeaed each other, and no man 
 knew whether his next neighbour was not in the plot 
 aeainlV the public liberty. It is cafy to imagine what 
 dillracled thoughts affliaed them on a fuddcn, they 
 were altogether"^ unprepared for iuch a dilmal ftroke : 
 but fome anfwer muft be given, and that fpL|cdily. 
 Surh a one as they had a mind to give, they durll not ; 
 for they were affembled in a fortified «own, remote 
 from their feveral countries and interefts (where they 
 had governed Ikefo many prinees) in the power ot 
 .hofi who could, and certainly would be revenged in 
 ,afe they proved refradory. 1 he beft way the.efore 
 was to icem to approve of what they could not hm- 
 der. They anfwered. That the propofitions iiiadc to 
 them by the commons was not difpleafing, but the 
 manner of it wanted the requilite formalities; that 
 previous deliberation was neceffary to an aftair of lo 
 Ireat moment; that they could not b"t «ake it .11, 
 a refolution of fuch confequcnce niogld be concluded 
 un by the commons without the leaft acciuainting the 
 nobility with it, who were the chief cftate of the 
 tcalm : that they alfo afpired tothehonour of bearing 
 their part in bellowing fuch a material gift on the 
 kmz and his pofterity, but dcfired that the matter 
 mi'.ht be proceeded on with that gravity, and folem- 
 nity, which the nature of it required. 1 hat it was 
 not tit fuch a wei{<.hty tianfaaion fhould have the 
 appearance of a tumult, and feemed forced rather 
 than a free choice, -niccimcluhon of a 1 was, 1 hat 
 they hoped the commons would a little defer the put- 
 tini; in execution their defign ; and in the mean time 
 •oiifult With them, till the aftair was done orderly, 
 6 
 
 and with unanimous approbation, u well ts to 
 tual ailvanl.i(;e. 
 
 This wis with great vchemrncy by the prcfuknl 
 denied. Me replied, Thefe weie ihifts only to gjin 
 lime, that the nobles mi^ht be in u coiitlition to 
 frullrate the intention of the i oixnions; th.it thepiiiit 
 was already agreed, and the relolutioii taken 
 lluy came not hitht-r loiunlider, but to ; 
 nobles would join with thi'm, tin v 
 not, they would do what was lo 1 
 
 mu- 
 
 th.i: 
 t ; It till.' 
 
 were riady ; u* 
 lone alone , and 
 
 lll'l, IlirV \MIUtU llil WIlUl W.IS lU IIU OOMC .IIUIIC. aiU| 
 
 doubted not but his ni.ijelly would tu'Ac his iilit 
 of it. 
 
 During ilalc difputcs the nobility h.ul privately 
 frnt fome of thiir body to court to aii|ii.iint lluf 
 king, tli.it Ihe cominon-i were now at tiK'ii hoiile, :i d 
 had made tium luddm propolals out ol luriii, but 
 Iuch as they Ihould rathri coai iir with, thiii be uvcilc 
 to; that they were ready loj. in in ilKiinj.tn hcrvdi- 
 tary crown to hi>. iiLiji liy, and th, h u- innle of hi» 
 family for ever ; which llity hopid hii n..ijiHy ivo-.ilJ 
 accept in good p.irt : hut ilefirci! lo proceed in ulu.il 
 
 mukuousafl'enibly. 
 
 The king.with agreat deal ofmildnefs, as Ifhclr'J 
 been wholly unconctiii'd and |i.iflive in the cal.', 
 replied. That he was ohli;.;c.l to the ni fur llnir d.f:;,;!* 
 in favour of him, and llie roy.il I'ainily ; tli.it \i- hrpni 
 what they were abjut would tend to the bi i.i In of ihi: 
 nation; but that a cnwn entailed only m^in tlu 
 heirs male, could not be fo acceptable to him, as if 
 it were given without that limitation ; Ih.'.t ihj 
 c;overnmcnt of females had neiih'^r been a niw ihiiig 
 at home, nor unprofptroiis in neigliboiirin;; tountiii* : 
 That they might confuli r of it, and fince it w as th< ir 
 gift, he would not prcfcribe, but it could not be 
 acceptable to liim unli Is it were more general. 
 
 In the mean time the commons grew impatient, 
 the anfwer given tlicm was int fatisfrii'tory, anJ thu 
 nobles had not yet rclolvecl on an cntiiv niiipliniic.-', 
 nor were ready to accoinpanv tlum, btcauf.' they hnd 
 not yet an account of the iucefso! tlieir incnilcrs 
 lent to found the mind of the rou:t, _. ^ ____»-- ..' 
 
 "' Mii'c clergy and buigers ihcrcfore, kJ on by the 
 biftiop and prefident, proceeded wit... ut thinitoihe 
 palace, and were met by the prime miniltcr, ai.Jcon- 
 duacd by him to the hall ot audience, wliithcr, altir 
 fome ftiort time, the king came to them. The biriop 
 made a long fpeech, fetiing forth the pr.nles ot hu 
 majefty, and the canfe of their waiting on him: con- 
 cluding with an offer, in the name of ihcmfelvcs, tht: 
 two mod numerous, and if he ;dcaltd, iiiotl powerful 
 eftates, of an hereditary and abfolutc dommiim ; to 
 gethcr with the afliftance of their hands and purles 
 in cafe any body ftiould go about to oblUinit fo ntcel- 
 fary and laudable a defign for the good ot the country. 
 The king told them in (hort. That he ihankfd them ; 
 and in cafe a univcrfal confent cilablifhcd this pood 
 dcfire of their?, he would accept the prelent they 
 made him; but that the concuirence ol the nr.bic« 
 was ncccflary ; which he doubted not of in the leall, 
 when they had time to make the olRr wi'.h the neccl- 
 fary formalities ; that he allured the commons or his 
 royal proteaion, and fpared not to be unmindful of 
 their kindnefs by eafing them of their giievanccs, and 
 by encouraging fubjeas who had behaved thcmlelvcs 
 fo valiantly, and deferved fo well from Uim ; c:m- 
 eluding with his advice to them to <*ntimie their 
 ■feffion till fuch time as matters were brought to per- 
 feaion, and he could receive their gitt w|tn . 'P^ 
 folemnity that wns fitting: and upon that dilmiUed 
 
 them. .... 
 
 But the nobles were all this while in a grievous 
 diftraaion ; they faw the commons were gone to 
 the king without them : their mefTcngcrs brought 
 news that their propofition of entailing the crown 
 on the behs male, was not plcafing, bccaufe 
 a greater advantage was in ptofpea ; that this otter 
 
,y(^] 
 
 TRAVELS THROUGH D E N M A R f.' 
 
 531 
 
 Wii looked upon to (irncteil Crom pcifom that wmilJ 
 not h^vc bi-ltowij any thin", it ihiy ciilil h.ive 
 helped it. That it was tlioujiht they prcteiulfJ to 
 merit in giving only n part, when it was not in their 
 power to himl.r ihc t.ikiii;.; thi- whuli-. In thi^ 
 involution they brnkc up, anJ liiicc they wtrt to nici-t 
 again at nuon upon an llnr lolcnin oc< .ifmn, tluy 
 rololvcti how to {irdccc.l in an alf'alr (» delicate. 
 
 Monlieur belli le, a lenator, anJ priimpal man o( 
 the country, v\ as that aftcrno i; to lu biirirj in 
 grci. pomp i hi^ body hml 1. n lotric nionlli" mi ll.itc, 
 and .iccoriliiij; to the culler, , vvas to be neeonipuiutil 
 to its interinc'iit by all uic nohilitv tli ii in town ) tliii 
 being « p:'il..inieii' li iw, » ctiolcu lor the ci-re 
 inony, bee lulc iln; ii. Iili> w ic all oj^-Ua., and h 
 magnificent dinner wis picparcd, as is uliial "i iK> 
 like orculioiu. In the ...'j.''- "' tlieir enti ri.nnnunt, 
 anotiiccr came into the ro'-m, aiJu wl.ilpcreJ to l..ii.c 
 ot" the principal mki thai ili' i i'v ^i.-'s were Ihut, ami 
 the krvs cairitd to roml. iiu ih'' hioj; havin;^ uei-n 
 inlonied by ill. _, )v i . i, lli.it tw:i or Uirce h,.u pr.- 
 Vat ly i|i|ip..Joui I . iw.i tin night iHlori, anu b in 
 relolvad that i.o nimc lliouul icapL- oni of tlii n^ I, 
 till he had done his buui.eli, hul or I. red ihc^ ivirnni 
 that morninj; to lock tli • irate , and to lei no pi n. 
 in or out wiil'our (pccl.'.l •,rHer, I'he ^uvcriior I'lni 
 one Bill, tl'.c 'u'Mi nii.jr , to put '..iis in xciuti >. , 
 who a* loon as he n.iu I'oif r, weni ti' iIum. u'ewnere 
 they wi.ic met, uiJ .1. .' '• n at ilie iiM' .iiii". ; n 
 fenaio'.s. Tliis unin il n-ws 01 1*^1" olii( ■ r' was pii- 
 feiitly whi:,; I rjd r( anu tii ■ 1 Miipany ; wli. e"li- 
 
 diat.ly applied 'hfioilvi • 'o him, '1 know wr. 
 niea.ioi^ was ot I'ucri an unul'u li [ir.^i.cc.i.i " . 
 time ol a general convention j . :.j ii(ke'l li '.., W'lidi 
 d.;.tiny was appoint..d tir.Mn ? w'letli'.r iliey wtr 
 there to be m.ill'jcred, or >hut tlT- vv is to bed., e 
 with them? The t(,vii m^ijo' r uniy anlwenl, 
 That he believed there was no danger towards inein, 
 thit fuch violent meafures w: ii'd not be taktn by lo 
 graciou a king; thou ti he hud imlced (.oven the 
 orders himlelf for th.- iiiiitting the (;ates i and that 
 nobody was to llir out o! the town without leave; 
 but that this need not dillurb or hiiidei their, from 
 finilhing the work of the day, and purfuing their 
 public, as well as their private bufinel's. There 
 wanted no more than this cnnlirni.ition from the 
 officer to overthrow all the refolution, and confulta- 
 tlonsof the nobles i the dread of looling their lives 
 took away all tliou^l'ts of their liberty. They im 
 mediately difpatchid inrUengerslwth tothccourr, and 
 
 the coinnions, t,j 
 
 notice of their difpofition to 
 
 comply with what was formerly propofed j afluring 
 them likcwifc, that they were ready to agree to all 
 that (hould be afked of them. 
 
 Out the kine, who had begun and played his game 
 i'o well hitherto, determined to purfue it to the 
 tifniolt, and would not fufFcr the doors to be opened, 
 till the whole ceremony of inauguration was con- 
 cluded, and the homage done in due form, and there- 
 fore ordered they Ihould (lay, till in the face of the 
 people and the army, they h.ad fworn fealty, and di- 
 veftcd themfelvts of all right, as well as power, to 
 caufe any difturbance or alteration for the future. 
 
 Three days time was reijuifite to prepare matters 
 for that fatal hour, wherein they were to make a for- 
 mal furrcnder of theirliberty ; the Icaffolds were railed 
 in .' place before the caftle, and adorned with tapeliry ; 
 orders were given for the foldiers, and burgers to 
 appear in arms under their refpciSive officers ; and 
 when all things were ready, on the 27th of October, 
 ill the morning, the king, queen, and royal family, 
 mounted on a theatre eretSed for that purpoCe, and 
 being placed on chairs ofjlate under canopies of vel- 
 vet, received publickly the homage of all the fenators, 
 nobility, clergy and cuniinons} which was performed 
 kneeling. 
 
 They were then obligetl to take an oath, and fomc 
 men of quality who were Tick, or pretended to be To, 
 were brought in chairs. Among others one Garfdorf, 
 a principal fcnutor, who was the only one that Ijpoke 
 
 in behalf of their expiiing lilurtic, fiyinr, That 
 he ho|icd, and tnilteu, iliit ln« maj'liy tlili';iKj 
 nothinij but tlu g'lod of hik p. ople ; ..ml lu.t to iimerii 
 them alter the luikilh m.iiiiur: but willud lilt 
 niajefty's fuiciflors mi^lit tollow the «x;uvpl'-, whii ll 
 his ni.ijelly would uiuluiihieilly fet them, an! ni.o u 
 ufe ol that unliinitttil powei for the ^l;i in', ;u i not 
 tin- harm of his lul.jeils. Nut one of the i- fpoke a 
 woid, or leemid to murmur in the leaK .it v. h:it was 
 done. 
 
 Indeed it has been faid. That had the i.( blci 
 Ihewe.l iver lo Jittic toiirai^e in aliei'in^. iheir 
 piiiiledges, the king would imt have pnrlind lus 
 poin' lo far as to have deliied an jibilr.uy iloitiii.iun : 
 tor hi- was III coatinual iloiibl, and die.d n| the 
 event, and luc^an 10 waset \\i) much in lii^ refilu- 
 tions i lo th.it thiir lib-rui.s l.'.iii puielyloll li.r Wiint 
 ol lunie to appe.ii tor tlieiii. 
 
 I'roiii the tli.a:re, thuf thn" had done honMi.;o wt :it 
 to th" lounciMiouie, wirrc ihe nobles were i.uUd 
 • «er by n. iiie, .md ordered to fulilitibe the a'jovo 
 oentionul il. 1 1 iration, wliii h they did. 
 
 Thii- thiv .ifl'aii was finilhed, ai '. the kingdom of 
 J)iiiii .III: in lour davs time ch.i; i^cd Iroin .in eilatu 
 utile uiftiring linn'. aiillocr.''ty, lo as ablululc a 
 I i.'ehv as any at luliiit ill the world. 
 
 The I. biiitv liow-vcr, 11 U lei .in a .leliic of powrr, 
 not call V extiM^i.ifli'd in the h.nnaii bri^ill ; and to 
 ihe miiliiniiioio ol tome ot ihcfe may be attnl'iitij 
 ihe late ot a princefs who was degraded from u tlirtiic 
 10 Ipend her days in obl< uiiiy. 
 
 Among all the hardflups which are impofid vn iho 
 poiT p'alants of this country, is tlif obligaiion iluylie 
 uiiJer 10 fui:ifli the king, royal family, and ali tl nr 
 ittendaiits, thiir baggage and lurnitiiie, with liorlef^ 
 .:iu! travtilins wa;ji;ons, whenever he makes any oro- 
 grel's (which he oftei. does eiiher lo Jutland i.r Hol- 
 !lein) or takes any klllr journey in Zeeland ; even, 
 ilthough it be only to his country houfes of I'red- 
 lirkfburg and Yagerfburg. In thefe cales all the 
 pcafants that lie near the road, or in that dillriif, are 
 lummoncd to attend with tli'ir liorlcs and wajxgons at 
 certain (lagts, where they arc to rel i \ • j.ich other: 
 and this they often do, .".Iw yi at their o. n chargfj 
 for man's and horfe-meat, for tvto or three days to- 
 gether, no regard being made to the fcafcn of harvelt, 
 (which is their ufiial travelling time) or to any other 
 convenience of thcfe poor wretches. So that they 
 have been I'een with hundreds of waggons in a com- 
 pany, bewailing their lad condition: and as foon as 
 the king comes up, and his coaches, with tliofe of 
 the other perfons of quality, are fitted with fix or 
 eight boors horfes each, ami every lacquey feiy.cs on 
 his boor and waggon, for his own proper ufe ; at 
 which time, unlets his plealurc be in all thing* 
 complied with, the poor trembling pcafant (who drives 
 on and takes all patiently, without replying one 
 word) is forely beaten and abufed. Neither is it 
 only when the king himfelf travel,*, that the boors 
 are put vo this trouble, but whenever he pIcaiVs to 
 give his w irrant to any perfon of quality, or ciEcer, 
 that has a journey to make, they arc obliged to this 
 
 I'crvice and attendance. This cuftom however, 
 
 is not fo frequent as it ufed to be. 
 
 Apoplexies and the falling lickncfs arc the epi. 
 demicaldiftempcrs here; one hardly pafs through the 
 (Ircets of Copenhagen, without feeing one or t.vo 
 poor creatures groveling on the ground in a fi. and 
 foaming at the mouth, with a circle of gnzc. j and 
 affillants about them. Apoplexies among the better' 
 fort, often proceed either from cxccfiive diinking, or 
 from difcontent; it being very ulu.il here to have 
 them die of a flaeht, as they call it, u liich is an apo- 
 plexy, proceeding from difcontent and trouble of 
 mind. Butby wayof amendsfor thefc diftcmpeis, there 
 arc few or none that are troubled with coughs, ca- 
 tarrhs, confumptions, or fuch like dileafes of the 
 lungs ; fo that in the midftof winter, in thechurchesy 
 which are very much frcqufnted, there is no noffe ta 
 interrupt the attention due to the preacher. It has 
 
iV> 
 
 T R A V K f, S T r? R O U G If D E N ^f A R K. 
 
 [i' xf;** 
 
 h.Tii f.ii.I, thit tlirir warm ftnvT«, with the ulintyaml 
 I'lirviirl^ ut' their tirin ;, (which i» hicfh W'od) con- 
 in'iiiti-^ a» niuili ti> ihcir (Tnlmi Imm thilc kiiiJt dl 
 m.il.iihL-«, ui tiK' ;;riilliuls .mil iiiiwhch lo'iii ruin ol mir 
 CimN III I, on Ion iloeii Id our hciii'^ lo imivvil.illy 
 Iroulil. il with thi'ni ( iiniwiihlt.imlinj ilu' in 'cninii', 
 Mr Willi.im I'ltiy bi; ot .inuthit o(iiiii()n ; Inr in ;ill 
 rt'irr ri-f|HLti 111 iiir imJ liiujtion, vvehavi- the .iil- 
 VJiiiaj;? of thcni. 
 
 I'hi* nnrri,i,;i» hfre arc iirn.illv prcccilcil liy con- 
 tr.ii!l>, whiili will l;i(l (i'lnctiiiic* tliicc, Tour, or more 
 years, btmrf thi'v imicixlto.i piibliL- wciMmj; l>y tin 
 niinillfr J thini^h ot'tiii llv vouiik couple ^r'nv li-ltcr 
 ntqu.iintcd hi't're thJe iDrmjI.tiit .irc ilirp.itcliij. 
 'I'lu' gentry ;;ivc piirtimn with Ihiir daughters, hut 
 tht biir^rrs ami I'tal'.ifit*, if they he ahlc, t;i\c iloaths, 
 foiia hoiifjiolil Ihitt', :itul a v.ical wevMing ilimicr, Init 
 Diilliiiig ciL- till thry i!ie. 
 
 iiuinpiuimj burials and mr)niiinent<i are nuuh in 
 rriiiiiit with thi; nobility ; and it it iilual to leip the 
 cnrpi of apul'jnof quality in x v.uill, i^r tlicthan- 
 ccl 1)1' I'oiiie church, lor levcial vcar« to!;i.lluT, till :i 
 (it oppoitiinitv to cchlnate tlio funeral. The poonr 
 I'ort arc huiied in fnat thick chclU ; .ind in the 
 town< there are ahout a do/en of common niourner» 
 h-lon;.'iii!; to e.K h parifli, who aic obliged to carry 
 and atu'nd ihem to tlicii pravcv. 
 
 Lnrd Moicl'wort!! uhf^rncd that the common people 
 Weie eieen to chijtinj; and fiifp.i'ting other*. 
 
 " Inl'oniiich (lay- In-) tlut if you offer them great 
 piipfit for a thm,^ wliieh thry have not been fornierly 
 uled to lell, they will rel'iile to put with it, as l'.if- 
 ptcting that you lee an advaiit.igr in Curh a purchal'e, 
 which us yet is unknown to them, hut which they 
 lirpjj to find out. I remember one inft nice : feeinr; 
 ricat (locks of !;rccn ^ecl'e in the fields near the town, 
 1 lent to buy fonic, but they b^im; never ufcd to fill, 
 or eat rccfe in tliat countrv, till thev art bij; and old, 
 it was not pofTible to pcrluade any body to pait with 
 one of them ; tliouph double the price of a hi;; one 
 w.is nlT.red fdr each. They alked what we delired 
 to buv them for ? what we would do with ihcm, &c. 
 Kor they could not be iierfii.id' d, anv one would be fo 
 fojiilh to cat them whillf vounj, or little j altera 
 week, an old woman, to whom niorrv had been of- 
 fered for a dozen, came and brought four to f.ll, lay. 
 in;j, " That neither (he nor her gccfe, had thriven 
 (ince (he had refurcd to fell them at a good price; for 
 the kite had thf nij'it before killed ei^ht of her Ooek, 
 and t.'iat now tht remaininj; four v<'ere at my (erviee." 
 Thup. the fupcrlfition of this old woman procured us 
 the full ;j;rccn geel'e that I believe wcrccvtr eaten in 
 Denmaik ; but alter that they had taken noiico that 
 we fatted and killed them for eating, they furnilhcd 
 us with them .is often as defircd. I would not omit 
 this i!'>ry (acid- he) brcaufc it ;rivc« a more lively idea 
 of the comni >n peopl-:, than anv delcription i could 
 make. In theii inarkeis they will afli the fame price 
 for llinkint' meat as for frelh ; for lean as for fat, it' it 
 be of a kind. And the lure way not to obtain, is to 
 fecni to value, 'ihI to a(k importunatelv, a thin;; which 
 otherwife they rlundUves would defire (hould be done. 
 This lad remark is not prcnliai' to the common peo- 
 jile only. 
 
 " 1 do not fee that tliey arc ^ood at imitating the 
 inventions of other countiieji and for invcntins; 
 theml'elves, I believe none lure, fiMcc the famous 
 Tycho L'raha, ever pretended to it. Kcw or no hooki 
 are written, but what fome of the cler;:y compoCe of 
 religion. Not fo ir.iKh as a lon^i, or a tune, was made 
 during three years that 1 Itaycd here. Their lealons 
 nf jolity arc very rare, and lincc ths Cital op.-ra, 
 about four years a^, ., in which many hundred perlbiis 
 v.crc burnt in the old queen's houl'e, they contented 
 themlclves with runniiiL; at the goofc on Shrove Tiief- 
 days, and takina; their plc.^fuie upon (Icds in the win- 
 trr, .uul well wrapped up in wool or fur ; a diverfion 
 much ir. requcft ill this court, and among all kindk of 
 jieople. 
 
 <' I'hc langu.age h very ungrateful, and not unlike 
 
 ihe liifli ill ill whining . ompl 'iiiin?, Ion?. The I Ji^ 
 I'lealiniii, Rinirv, and many bui^n, make uh u' 
 lli:',h l>uli li 111 till ir urdinary diliouile, and ot KiiiuU 
 I" Itiani'/rs. I have hiard levcral in liii,h c inplo) - 
 I'l' nti boalt tli.it they (oiild not fp. aU iJamlh i \V( 
 many of rlic immifyl d lei> in iMi lon,;uc ate the la'tne 
 with the Knglilh i'aiul wnhml doubt we oi«^ ihi: 
 'ri;;iiial ol tlam lo the I),iik«, and have reuiiuil 
 thr.n ever hiicc thiy \v«c oialtcrt cl ouf toviii- 
 
 ">■■.' 
 
 J he town of Ry|Kii (lands on the liver Nipfiw, 
 'vhiih forms thru-. ohar.neU, and divides tin- pl.ice 
 iiuo as (Many parts : it falls into the north lea i bout 
 iliree niileii bilow tilt town, and lornis one of the Ult 
 hiiboiitj in IJriiniaik. This advaiita;;e octalii r.i 
 tiadc 111 re in hllicries, alfo limie to llainbur(;h, ;' lit- 
 tle to AmMiivlam ) and Ihiv lu\c a ftw linail (liipt 
 which u(e ill • ti.il.' Iioin Noiway and i!ie Ijaltit to 
 Kngland. There is a univerlity lute, bu: it is not in a 
 llourillnni; (ituatioiii iti.abilhop'i lee; and they havi? 
 lor their difeiitc alortifud c.lUe. The chuiili is built 
 of hewn Hone J the llceple is fo hi;.>li that il Utvii 
 IS .1 laiid-n.atk to lailoi* on this wwall, wliiili i> g^iK- 
 lally elteenied very daiijicroui. 
 
 IKidkdburj;, is a little town, M -11 fituattd on* 
 pretty river, upon which was obl'trvfd fonie Iniall craft, 
 .1 fign that the inhabitants cany oil .i tr.idcj and ilu-e 
 il gooil (illi hcu. I he country is tolerably Will culti- 
 vated, »xce|>t the nurlhes, which are all in the lUte 
 uf nature, haviiij; luvir leen attemptu! to bed.aiiuil. 
 1 hey cultivate many ol the tuiiiip j^iouii Is hcrewilU 
 cabbage leaves. Near this town i. l.eniw ij;, llic 
 country continuing putty j;ood. I'liat town is oddly 
 iituati.l on a finalj bay within lO miles of th^ lea, 
 .ind is without any trade or lliipping, but fiiiall f.lli- 
 iiig-craft ; the rral'on is, that it has iiu conm liiica- 
 tini with the Cieiiiian ocean, the bay (n v.hiili it 
 llands btiiij; in the great Like, wlii<.h txieii 's ii'iile 
 aerol's Jutland, and l-Us into the Baltic. Micic it 
 little woithy of cblViv ition in tliis place. 
 
 Nikilbing is litiiaii I ■ n an ilbnd ^n th': Like, w huh 
 they lall tht Gulph ol Leirutord. It i- chiefly .ipplicd 
 to pallura;;e. 'I'lie town is (irelty larg.-, but Ucll.i 
 very poor, and hat, but bad ai comincdatioii!. 
 
 Aalbciirgh is the lee of a b'lhop, »'ul a place of 
 fomc trade, and thcic arc ahoa few fairies of woolltn 
 goods, fixed at the king's cxpencc ; bi:t t'n-y do not 
 Icem to be in any (loiiri(hi!i;; (itu..tiun, cl.iefi. from 
 want of fuppoit and atientiun to the c. in'iiiTl of ihiin. 
 As ill; iiitioiluclioii of any ih^ig of this fcit is of 
 but little conliijuer.cc, unlefs thiie is a ll.iiidiiig at- 
 tention paid to their intreafc and wiIi'mc. 
 
 A\'yhurg is at thirty miles dilfjiur ; the way lies 
 throii.;h wal'.e land. '1 htii wades aioall w.:Il w. tmj 
 with Areanis, and ihefoil is in :;cncial verv good, and 
 muchof itdeepandiVcefroniiloncs, Ihoiijjh loair tra is 
 aie full of tlicin, and rocky, but none tb.at mi^ht not be 
 applied lo nisny vtiy iileliil piirpn(i.s, weic they in 
 tl-.e hand.s of aiilive and wcal'.hy iiidulliir.us iiecple. 
 This city is the fee of a bifliop, .-nd ..li'o the if lid nco 
 of a provincial court of jullite, but it is nevetthelels 
 a very iiiconfiderable place. 
 
 liurfens isallo a ftapoir. The king has i/ca: dc- 
 nal'ncs in the country, and upon wdiich has br.;i 
 planted lonie colonics of poor (jirmans. They iuj 
 l.iiuls let them upon leafe, wjiich thev cultivstt better 
 ihan their n'ighhoiirs the Danes, but tiuy do n^t 
 feeiii to be good hufbandnien, as they fix only upon 
 the dry lands, whereas the nurfiics drained \w>uld 
 prove much the richer of the two. Though ih'S at- 
 tention h.iJ been giuii to pcOi>linr; thefe waflv?, yet 
 very litilc care had lincc been taken lo iiicrcal'c '.he 
 nambcrs, or to give fuch cncoungcrncnt tci tluiii, ai 
 to enable them to execute any thint; confiderablc in 
 impiovcmcnts. 
 
 \\'eile, thouj;h a fmall place, is pretty well built. 
 The ilretts are llrait, and tolerably paved, and ihe 
 houles well built cf brick. Itba: a commodious har- 
 bour, on a bay whch falls into the Baltic, by meant 
 ot which, it carries en a pre'tv good trade. But 
 
1768.] 
 
 TRAVELS T rr R O U O F! DENMARK. 
 
 hi 
 
 Iniiit. 
 
 the 
 
 I lur- 
 
 fnns 
 
 liut 
 
 the 
 
 the icili.iliinntl of nil ihtfr liirl' pnrt tonrfu fccm much 
 tu w iiu iiu'Diirii^rnint in tlaii ii.t Icj iliry wouM nil 
 fliiuiilh vi ry tiilcr^lily, il ihty luil .1 i uldvitt'd coiiii- 
 try, vt ith liiiMc in.iiiiil.ietdrics hiluiiJ ihcm. Miny 
 lavciiu.ililc cinumnaiirri iniifl miilc in .1 port to 
 trciiti' II. nil-, wIktp the cx|iiirt ionllft< ot nothing but 
 • fijiiiy jirodiiol <)( mere M.vturjl cDmmoilitit* ; tr.ulc 
 conlilli ij| 411(1 (It'pciiJt upon ('vp»rt.ilinii rcciprncjl 
 to iIk' iinpdii.ition i but tlu ;{riii.rjl nil^turtunc in ilie 
 Luniiiii rrc <>l liiih little piirt>, 11 .1 Liiliirc iit ihu rx- 
 purutmn p.irl ) dll ul' ihrm, .1« Ur *% the dcnuiul 
 readies, .iro trrc tni)i)j;h, .,t iiiiporiin;',. Tlii* m a 
 furo trjilc t» the mcriluiu, .if innK lir.inchc« .irc, in 
 whii h golil .inJ (ilvcr an- ilu' cniiiiiioilitK'* vxportcd 
 I'lir tlH' proiliii.'t« .iikI ni:i.iiil.uliiH'« of other ciuntrii:*. 
 IiuIloJ the iJ.iiiilh poriH Ii.ivl- the [;tncr.il mi*l">i(unc 
 of being ildki'iit 111 inl.itiil iuvi_t;.ition, h^virii; no- 
 thinj; tu (lepcnJ up.in tint tin mete circiilulion nt the 
 town, which is in ^<'ner.il teiy cunrinol. Trade 
 (Icpeiidi much on ni.iiiut'.icluies, and nut .1 little on .1 
 fluurilhing agriculture. Neither of thcle arc eominon 
 ill Denmark i fo th.it it iN not tu he wondered, tli.it 
 the (general commerce o( ihe kin^duni i-i cunfiiird. 
 
 kiildin^ is a very pretty town, beautilully tituatid) 
 It conlaini fome trade, and a ru^.'l palace, but it has 
 nothini; m it that i;i worthy jf :i iiavelier* nonce, 
 though the inhabitants make a ^real matter of it, as 
 it It was the Vcrf.\ille4 of the noitli. 1 he kin;; has 
 fomcconlider.ibledcmefiiis around this town, and r.iifen 
 a levenue hy a lull upon all cattle wliieh pafs th 
 brid^jc, and which ainounts to ,1 cu'il'iderablc fiini 
 for mod th..t are driven from Jutland f.ir the Dutch 
 drovers, which arc \ery numerous, p.iy h re h.ilf a 
 dollar a head. The louiitry Irom Horlens to Weilc 
 ih tolerably well cultivated. 
 
 The ru.id fnim Koldinf;to Hosicrftielbr, is throunh 
 a country rein.irk.ible for its cultivation ; molt of llieir 
 ivafte tracks has been of late improved, and many 
 acics, that not many years lincewere all covered with 
 fortll>, are now in .1 Itatc of profit for their owner*. 
 'I'liis lias been totally owinj; to an emancipation of 
 the pealants. It was found that the caith would 
 never be well cultivated hynurc (laves, aiul aeliiig 
 conlilfeiuly with this lull idea, has had the defiicd 
 cfJcdt. 
 
 'I"lic Danes in the midft of their a tcntion to com- 
 merce and ajiriculture have laid many |<lan$ for increaf- 
 ing their Laft India trade, and among others, there 
 was one, which had aOlually been fo much approved 
 as to be put partly i'l execution, and this was to pur- 
 chafe by treaty, the port and territory of Mofambique, 
 on the Coalt of Africa, from the Portugucfe ) a 
 colony which isof l.ttle national advantage to that 
 kingdom, fincc ihc declenfion of their affairs in the 
 Ealt Indies, but which would be of inlinitc impor- 
 tance to the Danes, in cafe they fct ncartily about an 
 increafeof their India commerce. In fome negotia- 
 tions with the court of Liibon, matters had gone fo 
 far, as fixing the terms, which, though they were too 
 high to conclude on, yet they brought on a farthei 
 treaty, relative to other fcttlemcnts in the Indies, and 
 which it was evident they were willing to part » ith, 
 in cafe they could get high terms. Mofambique from 
 its fituatioii, might be a port and colony of as great 
 importance even as the Cape of Ciood Hope ; at" 
 Danilh Ihips, going and coming to and from the 
 Indies might water nnd take in their rcfrcfhments 
 there; as behind it lie the richeft countries in Africa, 
 and it is open to the trade of the rel> of that vaft coait, 
 to Arabia, Perfia, &c. fo that there could be no 
 doubt bur it would turnout a place of infinite impor- 
 tance in the hands of an active, and indullrious 
 nation. The treaty upon this affair with Portugal 
 was broke off, without coming to any conclufion, 
 but on what account is not known to the world. 
 
 The fclicme however, was a good one. The bcft 
 of all government that (lill belong to the Viceroy of 
 the Indies, is that of Mofambique, already mentioned 
 in the former part of this work. They have a (irong 
 fort there with four good ballions, which command ttic 
 
 Vol. I. No. +6. 
 
 channel, and in which thrr - 
 cannon, ami hire is alwav 
 
 iVvenfypi'''"?»of brafj 
 ■;>t a go'jd gartifon, 
 and in tolrrablr order. The n'lvernor is honoiirnl 
 with the title of Oeneral of the River .Senna, whfr« 
 hr has his lieutenant, which einployment wii worth 
 to hiin fcvcral hundiid thouUnd cruuns a year | there 
 arc but a lew hciufes about the fort, the inhahilantl 
 keepiiip their efteins on a nciphhnnnnj; ron'iiifiir 
 The merchnndile brought to this plai e by the flnps 
 oi the company, are bought at a l< I pnc" by the roy.il 
 f.idory, wliich afterward* friuls th'-m tu Chrliman , 
 the mouth of the River Senna, runiun;^ ^,10 imle.; 
 along the (oaft, in gallics and fniall scllil , biraulf 
 of the flats froiii Chelimani t Ihc goods arc lent up the 
 river ai;aiiilf the (fream, in alniandics, or little Unit , 
 which are ten days ^oing up, ami about five coiinni 
 'low II. It is very ififRcult Koing up fur thofe tint air 
 not acquainted with ihii Ihallmvi and windings of the 
 river. 
 
 Cafrns and lilac k J as has been obltrved, rcfoit tothia 
 port, from provinces and kiii);ili>iiii three or four 
 iiiuiiihk journey diH.int, to buy ai'd t.ikc up {;o^d» 
 upon tiult for fo iniieli gold, which lluy never fail 
 to bring pundually the next uar, uiilefs death pre- 
 vents them. This trade yiel.ls aSov,. ci-ni pi-r cent 
 fo that the Portugiiile may h: laid to have anotbct 
 India in Ahica. 
 
 Senna i».i little town, on the ii,;ht hand of the 
 river, inhabited by fifty l'oitu;;ui.le l.imilies, who 
 make It populous enough by the (;reat number of 
 blacks tliey keep. They till the ground, and dii; the 
 mines, and by that nie.ins in.uiitaiii thtir niallits, 
 iiillr III of beiiii; kept by ihein. 
 
 Snlfola, where the Poitu(;ucfe have another cf- 
 tablilliinent, is but about fifteen days journey from 
 hence ; and here a prodigious trade is carried on, of 
 Willi h the Portugule arcor mi^ht be malKr.s. It con- 
 lilfi chiefly of gold, of which there ar? greater quan- 
 tities here than in any other country in the world, 
 fince the annual produce of this market is computed 
 by the belt judges, at 46,000 ounces. There arc vail 
 quantities of Spanilh and Canary wines, oil, filks, 
 linens, cottons, coral, and other European good^, 
 fold here, which arc carried by the inhabitants ot the 
 little kingdoms of Soltola, through all the great empire 
 of Monomotapa, which the Portuguclc flilc the 
 Empire of Gold, from the prodigious quantities of 
 that precious metal, whiih is brought to them from 
 thence. There arc likcwifc fome very rich commo- 
 dities, brought hither by the negros, (udi as the moll 
 txcellcnt ebony in the world, great quantities of ivory, 
 abundance of fine mats, which arc much cftecmcd in 
 the Indies, and a great number of flaves ; lo that 
 (joa, and all the reft of the Portugucfe fcttlemcnts, 
 are furnilhcd from hence. 
 
 Yet thefe polTcfnons arc faid to produce fo little to 
 the king of Portugal, that it has been more than once 
 debated, in the council cf that prince, whether it 
 would not be to the intereft of the crown to abandon 
 them altogether, withdrawing their artillery and 
 cfieds i it is likewile aflcrtcd that it is not any poli- 
 tical but purely a religious motive, that has hindered 
 this rcfolution from being taken, the pricfts have 
 fuggefted, that in that cafe a multitude of fouls would 
 be loft to the church. But we fhall the lefs wonder 
 at this, if we confuler, that fuch as arc beft acquainted 
 with the Eaft India trade, allures us, that not a 
 f ngle merchant, and a fingle ihip of a rcafonable 
 burden, may curry on as great commerce, as that 
 which at prefent fubfifts between Liibon and Goa. 
 
 There are yet a great many fhips employed from 
 Goa, Dm, and L)aman, to the Coafts of Pcrfia, 
 Ptgu, Manilla, and China, but they are moftly on 
 account of Indian merchants, there fcarce being a 
 Portugucfe trader at Goa able to furnilh a cargo of 
 10,000 crowns, and it is very much doubted, 
 whether in the whole of their trade they employ above 
 200,000 crowns ; fo that it is not at all ftrznge, that 
 one year with another, there are not above two fhips 
 fent direclly from Goa to Liibon ; and thofe not 
 6 Y absve 
 
 I 
 
 i 
 
539 
 
 TRAVELS THROUGH DENMARK. 
 
 [i:&3. 
 
 sbovc a fourth part lb lich as when they annually 
 (int twenty. \'u there has bctn a late rc;;ulation 
 made at Gua, for the prefcrvation anil promoting erf 
 trade, vvhicl' thole who uiulerllooil that fubjcdl bcft, 
 agree, conipl.\Ucil its ruin. 'I'his is an exclufive 
 Company which has the fnlc right to the commerce 
 ot Molanibiquc md Mocha, which company has taken 
 upon itfelf the payment of the royal officers, who 
 are alio two thirds employed therein ; which has given 
 luth a blow to the natural commerce of (loa, that 
 the heft part of the Indian merchants that were left, 
 arc now retired from thence. 'I'o lay the truth, it 
 was the great Iharc theviceroys, governors, and other 
 officers, always took in conunerce, without contri- 
 buting any thing thereto; except protcdling the 
 merchants from tlie vioUncccommittcd by themlelvcs, 
 on luch as did not admit them toaihareof their trade, 
 that firrt dcftroycd the cxtenfive commerce they en- 
 joyed. l)ut though their power and their commerce 
 aic fo much declined, their pride is as great as ever, 
 infomuch tliat ihcy nfufe the natives of the country 
 who aie called Canarins, the wearing of (lockings, 
 though they employ them as phyficians, lawyers, and 
 merchants j by w hich, many of them are fo rich, 
 that they keep a dozen or fourteen flaves, and arc in 
 much better circumilanccs than the Portugucfc thcm- 
 Iclves. 
 
 The revenues of the church have fufFercd very 
 little by this moll furprifmg change in the (Kite : there 
 is hardlyamonaftery that does not receive four or five 
 thoufand crowns out of the treafury, at the faini^timc 
 the foldicfs llarve and mutiny for want of pay j which 
 is fo much the ha;dcr upon the government, bccaufe 
 the reverend fathers know very well ht.w to take care 
 of thcmfelves, infomuch, that it i affirmed, the 
 Jefuits in Goa have a better revenue than the crown 
 of Portugal. It is noteafy to know what becomes of 
 the money thefc churchmen raife ; but it is very evi- 
 dent, that the wealth thcv pilii'fs, together with tli.; 
 eltabliftimcnt of the inquiliiion at (io>, is fuch a 
 dead weight on tlic fettlcmcnt, as muft Ibuner or later 
 deltroy it. 
 
 " The wlfeft of the Portugucfc in Europe, (fays 
 cur autlior) unJerfta.id this very well, and would be 
 g\.\d to fee fome proper remedy nppliej, not from a 
 prejudice ngainll the church or churchmen, which is 
 far enough from being the vice of that n.ition, but 
 out of pure rei;ard to the crown and to the nation ; 
 but one would think tiiat the clergy thcmfelves, 
 inllead of grafping.at more, ought to be willing to 
 part with lome proportion of what is already in their 
 hands, in order to rciuttr the itate more able to pro- 
 tedf them in the pofldfion of the remainder. Ktfides 
 there is nothing clearer, than that the crefting of 
 religious houfes, is dircdHy oppofite to the very fchemc 
 of p':-.nting, and muft always ruin the fettlements 
 wi.cre it ,;revails, and conl'equently the religious 
 iioufes thcmfelves, which is even an argument that 
 ought to prevail with the popifti princes, to lay moic 
 rcltraint on themiffionaries that arc ftntabroad ; unlcfs 
 they prefer the reputation of zeal, among thofe who 
 ^rc no competent judges, not .inly to maxims of po- 
 ll -y and good government, but to the principles of 
 true religion, ^"or if there be any piety in converting 
 Pagans to the Chriftian faith, it follows, that there 
 i« itill greater piety in doing this effedlually, and in 
 maintaining fur ever the cftablifhmcnts neccflary to 
 fupport tlicm, which rcafon and experience fticws, 
 the building monafteries, ana maintaining numbers of 
 idle people in them, will not do; but on the con- 
 trary, will bring on, in time, the dcftn-riion of 
 thole colonics, in which this humour is fuflerod to 
 prevail. 
 
 " It is net many years fince that fevcral Indian 
 princes were driven from before Goa, which they I.jd 
 blocked up with a numerous army, by the powerful 
 fuccours lent by the king of Portugal, and by the 
 excellent conduil of the late viceroy, who was the 
 Count dc Lnurical, and who, if 1 miftake not, was 
 twice in the Indies, and behaved there <vith great 
 6 
 
 reputation. Such expeditions, however,' arc to be 
 conf'dercd as expedients only, which for a time niay 
 prefervc that fettlenient, but can nivtr tellore it, or 
 bring the aftairs of the nation, in thofe parts, into fo 
 good order as to make Ihem worth the attention of a 
 prince, who has the honour of the ciuwn, and the 
 good of his peopK at heart. 
 
 " It is however certain, that the tdablifhinoiits 
 which the crown of I'ortugal dill has in ilie l.;i(l 
 Indies, migliL in the hands of an aclivc, and iinhiitn- 
 ous nation, turn to coiiiiderable ai count ; for it h.ii 
 been long ago obferveu by Mr. Tavinitr, that ttiu 
 port of l)>u is as well fituateil for trade, and as c.ipa- 
 ble of improviment, as any in that part of ihc vvoiM, 
 or more fo ; and if put under proper regulations, that 
 is, if made in fome mea fine a free port, it mull iiccef- 
 farily come in for a large (hare of that commerce now 
 carried on at Surat, and in all probability, rtiriive 
 much of the Arabian and Perfian commerce, that has 
 been fo long loll to the Portugucfc : on the other 
 hand, as they have ftill fome factories at liilimge^, 
 and other places on thatcoaft, it wouKl be no difficult 
 matter to re-cftablifli their commeice in the heart of 
 India, at the fame time, that the port of Macao 
 would furnilh them with the means of lopplying the 
 China market, as chea|i, or cheiiper, than any other 
 turopcan nation ; becaufe the colony of Mof.iirjhii|ue 
 is fo lituated, as to ferve them for the l..!ne purix.fe 
 that the Cape of (Jood Hope docs the Dutch, or 
 the ifland of St. Helena does the Knglifti. 
 
 " But all thefc advantages fignily nothing in the 
 hands of thofe, who are lo far lioin polli fling the 
 virtues requifitc for futh iniprovcmcntr, that, on the 
 contrary, they arc not only tainted with, but over- 
 run by luch vices, as mull iinqiiellionahly o\ertuin 
 the bell cllablifliment in the world. W't may there- 
 fore fafely predict, that the continuance even of the 
 llender power which the Portuj^iuefe have liill left, can- 
 not conilnuc long, and that for thefc > wo plsin le.ifons; 
 lird, becaufe it has been long, anil itill in a declin- 
 ing condition ; fo that its force being extrimely ile- 
 aycd, and at the fame time continually employed in 
 rclifting the efibrts of its enemies, it is impoihhle, in 
 the nature of things, that it ihould fuhlid lor any 
 time ; I'econdly. the manners of the people aice.itiri ly 
 ruined, fo that ihere is not the lead pmbabilitv tlu't 
 any luch relormation will ever he cffeilted, as might 
 enable thcrn to make fuch ule of thecoi venicnt ports, 
 of which they arc dill poUineJ, a, is n.xid'aiy lo 
 revive and reltore their commerce in the Indies. We 
 may vent.! re therefore to pronounce, that in thecom- 
 pafs of twenty or thirtj years, their ell.iblidiiiients in 
 thefc parts will be quite loft, and that in all likeli- 
 hood, Goa, Dm, and Daman, will he lolt iiirt; 
 which will ncrellarily draw after them thedclirtion of 
 Macao, which cannot long fubfift !iy its own force, 
 and lies at too great a diftancc to receive any effeiilual 
 luccour or fupport from Portugal direi^tly." 
 
 By the date of the matter it is apparent, that the 
 Danes might make fuch a purchafc, as we have men- 
 tioned, turn out to a very good account. 
 
 Though learning is not arrived at any high pitch 
 in Denmark, yet there is an univerlity at Copen- 
 hagen, and there arc other fcmin.iries in the king- 
 ilom, wliich arc capable of improvement, and will 
 probably receive it under fome fuccccding r< ign. As 
 to the prcfent, it fecms to promiie but little ; and 
 though we hive fpokcn of the Danes as a riling peo- 
 ple, it is likely their progrel's will be but flow under 
 the governiient of fuch a prince as Chriftian VII. 
 who fullers himfcif to be guided in the mt^t impor- 
 tant concerns of date by the members of a court fic- 
 tion, W'hofeek their own aggrandifemcnt, rather than 
 the honour of the fovereign, or the welfare of their 
 country. 
 
 In the mean time it behoves Denmark to kci p a 
 watchful eye upon a jealous neighbour that ]vj^, tor a 
 fucccffion of ages been confidered as a natural en' mv, 
 and after having been tumbled from the fummit of 
 power, gives figiiiof once more growing into great- 
 
 nels. 
 
1768.) 
 
 TRAVELS THROUGH SWEDEN. 
 
 53^ 
 
 nol's. The Sat(1i's, wndcr tlic aufpiccs of a young 
 monarch, whofc cnunCtls have bailUtl thole ut the 
 aged, may be eiiahlcd to thwart the interdh of her 
 jival In many lefpct'ts, aiiJ hinilci her fiom reaping 
 many of thofe advantages which fhe may otherwile 
 rca(bnably hope for, from the wile regulations made 
 within the fpace of the \.\i\ century. j 
 
 On the whole, it may be obl'erved, that thou!;h ! 
 much has been accompliflied, yet much more remains \ 
 to be done, to give Denmark that eclat which it 
 fctms to expcdt. Among the rtll, a rcvifal of their 1 
 
 bojflcd code of laws appc-'rs to be nccclTary, whirt J^ 
 
 fome altLii.iK.ns n\ij;ht he niadf, equally lor tlie lieuht 
 rif the (ulijeits, and the j^oud ct the (late. Theil- 
 tablilhin;; a luarer conne?,ion lictWLcn a_i;ri( ulluie ai.d 
 cunimerce, mi^hi he an nbj.ct worth altt-ndins; to j 
 ajid a Id's de;',iee ot partiali.v fir v^ ii tn ihv military 
 orders miiiht be of roal fervi 'e to tiic t'juntry.— * 
 Ihefe emls beini,' ai'ainid, we cap:, it iKlpeuntluilini; 
 with fonie ingenious counir; iii'.n of curs «lio iiave 
 lately vilited ihofe parts, l\nr..urk would cut a good 
 figure among the ftates of Luri>pe. 
 
 TRAVELS THROUGH SWEDEN. 
 
 SWEDEN, includinrr the dukedom of Finland, is 
 bounded by the Baltic fea on the fouth, the un- 
 pall'able mouiuains of Norway .Tnd AluCcovy on 
 the ea(f, being extend d from $c) to 69 degrees 
 no;th latitude, ami from 32 to 55 longiiude ; and 
 consequently lAiee as big as the kinjulom of Fr.nce ; 
 but the abatments thnt null be madr for levi'ral leas, 
 and many great lakes, f-imc whtieof arc above Ho 
 En^lKh mill's long, an.; io broa<!, aj alfo for rocks, 
 woods, heaths, and inu:arus, that cr ver much of thcfe 
 countries, will reduce the habitable part to a very 
 fmall portion, comparatively to the extent of the 
 whole. 
 
 The foil in places capable of cultivating, is toler- 
 ably fruitful, though feldom above half a foot deep, 
 anu therefore more eafily plowed, as it frequently is 
 by on; maid and an ox, and is generally beft where 
 th.re is the lead of it, that is, in the little fpaccs be- 
 tween the rocks ; and frequently the barren land en- 
 riched with the alhes of trees growin;; on the places 
 that arc burnt, and the leed raked among the nfhcs, 
 produces a plentiful crop, without farther cultiva- 
 tion. 
 
 'I'his praiElicc is fo ancient, that their writers de- 
 rive the name of Sweden from a word in their lan- 
 guage that cxprefl'es it ; but the danger of dertroying 
 the woods, has of late occalioned fome laws to limit 
 that cuilom. 
 
 If the inhabitants were induftrious, above what 
 ncceflity forces them to they might at leal have 
 corn futlicient of their own j but as things ai^ ma- 
 naged, they have not ; nor can they fubfilt without 
 great importations of all forts of grain from ihe coun- 
 try of Lcifland, and other parts of Germany, ad- 
 jacent to the liahic fea j and notwithltaniling thefe 
 I'upplies, the pooreft fort in many places remote from 
 traffic, are forced to grind the bark of birch-trees to 
 mix with their corn and make bread, of which they 
 have not always plenty. 
 
 The cattle, as in other nortliern countries, are ce- 
 nerally of a very fmall fize ; neither can the breed be 
 bettered by bringing in larger from abroad, which 
 loon degenerate j hccaufc in lummer the grafs is n ach 
 Ids nourifhing than in the places from whence they 
 c.-.mc ; and in the winter they are ufiially half (larvcd, 
 for want of fodder of all kinds ; which often falls fo 
 very fhort, that they are forced to unthatch their 
 houfcs to keep a part or their cattle alive. Their 
 (hecp bear a verycoarfe wo il, only fit to makecloath- 
 ing for the pcafants. The hotfes, efpccially the 
 fineft, though fmall, arc hardy, vi^^orous, ftrong, 
 furc-tootcd, and nimble trotters, which is of great 
 ufe to them, becaufe of the length of their winters, 
 and their fitnefs for fleds, which is their only carriage 
 in that feafon. 
 
 Of wild bcalh, which are very plentiful in thcfe 
 purts, bears, elks, deer, and liaies, arc hunted 
 
 for their fli Oi, as alfo '.ni;ethcr with wolve«, foxes, 
 wild cats, ^:c. for their fiiri and hii:.-s. They hunt 
 here with Id's ceren.ony than elfewiieri, ak.iig .ill .\d- 
 vantagiS toJli ut liiuir game, at which thc^' .ue g- iv- 
 r.illy very ui xterous. 'Ihire are no rai-bils in ih. fc 
 countries, but wliat are brought in tor cutii.iitv, .^nd 
 ki pt tame. Invii'ter, foxes ami Iquirreis loim hat 
 chi'ige colour, and become grayifti, but haristurn 
 quite white. 
 
 Both wild and tame foul arc verv plentiful and 
 good in their kind, except fea fowl, vihicli leid and 
 t.ille of fifh i the molt common are on, is and ki-dir;, 
 the lurnier of the bignels of a hen, the otiii.r of a 
 tiirky; as alfo partridges, and a kind of bird fomc- 
 thing refembliiig them, called Yerpers. There aie 
 taken in winter great numbers of fmall birds, as 
 thruflics, black-birds, and fydeiifcwans, the Kill of 
 the bignefs of \'ddc Cires, but better meat, lui"|ii)lcj 
 to come from Lipland, or yet farther norm, and have 
 their name from the heautifiilnefs of thiir feathers, 
 fome of which are tipt at the point with I'c^irkt. 
 
 Ihe chief lakes in Sweden arc the \'ittcr, the 
 Wenncr, and Macler; the liift in Oifn gcthia, re- 
 markable for its foretelling ot florms by a continu.il 
 thundering nolle the day before in that quarter vvhi ncc 
 thcyarifc; as alio fjr the fudden breaking of the ice 
 iv))on it, which liimetimes furpril'.' travtlkis, and in 
 half an hour's time become navigable: for its great 
 depth, in fome places is above 300 fathoms, though 
 no part of the B.iltic exceed 50 ; It fupplies the river 
 Motala, which runs through Norei'| ia^.h, where ic 
 has a fill of about thirty fiit, and fome winters is fo 
 choaked up with ice, th.at lor many hoais no water 
 paflcs. The fecond is in ^^'c(lrognlhia, from which 
 ^fl'ues the river hive ; that, f>diing dowu a roi k mar 
 fixtv feet, paflls by Gotteiiburgh. 'I'hc third emp- 
 ties itfelf at Stockholm, fiirnifhing (me fide of the 
 town with frefli watt r, as the fea docs the other with 
 fait. 
 
 Thefe, and abundance of other lakes, of which 
 many like ponds, have no vents, and an. called Inn- 
 feas ; they arc well (Jorcd with fifVi, falmon, pikes, 
 p;arch, tench, trouts, eels, and many oilur forts 
 unkriown clfewheie, of which the nioft plentiliil is 
 the ftreimliiiL', a lifli Icfs th.'.n a pileher, taken in 
 great qu.mtities, ar\d faltcd in bands, and dilfributed 
 over all the country. Befides, the Nortli-Boitcm or 
 bay, that leparates Sweden and Finland, abounds 
 with feals, of which a confu'erable quantity of train- 
 oil is made and exported j and in the lakes 111 Fin- 
 land are great quantities of pikes, which leinj; thken, 
 are faked, drycd, and fold at a very reafonable 
 rate. 
 
 Thefe lakes are of great ufe fo.- the convenience of 
 carriages, both in fummcr bv boats, and by fltds in 
 w. liter, and among them, and on the fia coalh, are 
 almoft innumerable illanJsof difi'cient fize<, of which 
 
 therv 
 
S^a 
 
 TRAVELS THROUGH SWEDEN. 
 
 [1768. 
 
 there arc in SwcJon above 6oco tlmt arc inhabited, 
 the red arrriihcr hare rocks, or covcud with wood ; 
 (lOtland, Oian I, artd Aland, arc iflis of large ex- 
 tent, ons being lixty miles long, and the othcri little 
 kl"s._ 
 
 'I'heir woods and vaft forcfls ovcrfprcad much of 
 thecounirv: and are for the mull pirt of pines, firr, 
 hiach,hiii.h, aider, juiii pur, and f< rue oak.cl'pcciallyin 
 the p;ovinic of Bleakiri', the trees growing in moft 
 place- fBilor.' together, and UIng to rot where they 
 /all, make the woods fcarto pall'alilc. 
 
 'Ihet'cafiliid a plentiiul and cheap firlntj, and be- 
 ing generally very flrai; and tall, are eafily converted 
 into tiinher fit for all iifes. In the parts near the 
 mines, (he woods are niuih liclhoycd, but that want 
 is fo well firpplicd from dillant placei, by the con- 
 venience of nvcis and winter carriages, that they 
 have charcoal abn\c fix times js cheap as it is in Eng- 
 land, though indceil it is not half I'o good. 
 
 The mountains abound in minis. '1 lure is one of 
 filvcr, into which workmen are let dow n in bafkets to 
 the rirft floor, which is 105 fathoms under ground, 
 the roof there i? as high as a church, fupported bv 
 vail ir^hes of ore j thence the decent is by ladders 
 or balkcts, to the low eft mine, above 40 fathoms 
 where thev now work. They have no records fo an 
 lient a^ the (ill) difcovery either of this <'r the copper 
 mine, which iiiiift needs be the work of many ages j 
 tlie ore feldum yields above four per cent, and requires 
 great pains to refine it; thev are .ilib at the charge of 
 u water-mi'i to drain the mine, and have the benefit of 
 another that draws up the ore. It yearlv produces 
 about 2C,CC0 cro'.sns of fine fiUer, of which the 
 king has the pre cniption, paying one fourth lefs than 
 the re.il value. Tlie cojp'.r mine is about So f.ithoms 
 deep, of nie.'.t extent, b'lt fiibjeiit to d.mia;e by the 
 fallin:; in ot I'-.en.ofi \(t that is I'omctimes recom- 
 pencd by til',- a!iiiiu!;inee of ore that the ruined ]>illars 
 yield. 
 
 Iron mines and forges are in great numbers, ef- 
 p'.cially fnvaids the mountainous parts, whi-re >^'y 
 have the i.o;n tiiiencc of v.ater-f.;lls to tin n their mills. 
 J- rom thile, b'-fides fiipplying the country, there is 
 yearly e.vported iron to the valiio of near -^cOjOOol. 
 But of late year'., the number of thefe forges has 
 been fo muci increafed, that each endeavouring to 
 undetfell others, the price has been much lowered ; 
 and fiiice the prohibition of foreign manufactures (in 
 exchange of which iron was plentifully taken of}') it 
 is grown fo cheap, -that it was found neced'ary to Icilcn 
 the iiumKr of foig's ; iicitliLr has that contrivance 
 had the eff-ift intended ; but on the contrary, many 
 more arc lik'iy to fill of tliemlelvcs, brcaufc they 
 cannot work I'ut to lof'^, in which many thoufind-of 
 poor people, whi.-fe livtliiioods depmd upon ihefc 
 iorgrb a"iid mines, vviii be reduced to a liarviiig con- 
 dition. 
 
 Thefeafens of the year, thou.;h regular in them- 
 felves, du not altog.-'lier aniwer tlioleof otherilimates, 
 as J French amhallador obfervcd, who in a tailkry 
 f'aid, I'here were in Swikii only nine mcmths win- 
 ter, aiulali tlie reft was (ummer ; for as winter com- 
 nu'iily be.;iii'. very foon, fo (ummer inmiediately fuc- 
 leeds it, and leivts little or no fpace to be tailed 
 t-piiiig. 
 
 Tlie produiltions therefore of the earth, are, more 
 fpeedv in thJr ^.'rowth than in other parts; the rea- 
 lon of which !■ ems to be, th.it the oil and fulphur in 
 the earth, (as it appear., by the trees and minerals it 
 produces) being b.uhd up all the winter, aie then of 
 i luu'in ai5luated by the heal of a warm fun, which 
 ahnoft continually iliiiue, and thereby makes amends 
 for its f'lort llay, and biings to maturity the frints 
 pr ipet to the climale. Yit withal, its heat is fo in- 
 ttiife, that it oft' 11 f'ts the woods on tire, which 
 fometi.iics fpreadi itfelf many leagues, and fearce can 
 be ilopt till it comes to fomc lake, or very large 
 plain. 
 
 In the fiimmer feafon th: fields arc-civered with a 
 \ iiiety of iljv.ers, and the witolc country ovcrfprcad 
 
 with ftrawbcrries, raft)crries, currants, and the like, 
 which yrow upon every rock. In their gardens 
 melons aie brought to good perfcclioii in dry years ; 
 but apricots, peaches, and other wall fruits, arealir.oit 
 as rare as oranges, they have cherries of feveral lort.~, 
 and fome tolerably good, which cannot be faid of their 
 apples, pears, and plumbs, that arc neither common 
 not well tafted, all kinds of ro.-)t:i are in plenty, and 
 contribute much to the nouiifliment of the poor 
 people. 
 
 'J'he lun at Midfummer is above the horizon of 
 Stockholm eighteen hours and a half, and for fome 
 weeks make a continual day. In « inter, the days 
 are projjortionably fttoitcr, the fun being up but five 
 hours and a half, which dcfeft is fo well lupplied as 
 to lights, by the moon, the whitenefs of thefnovv, 
 and ilearniis of the Iky, that travelling by night is 
 as ufual as travelling by day ; and journies begun in 
 the evening as frequently as in the morning. The 
 want of the fun's heat is repaired by ftoies within 
 doors, and warm furrs abroad ; inftead of which, the 
 poorer fort ufe flieep (kins, and other like defences; 
 and arc generally better provided with cloathing, 
 to fuiting their condition, and the climate they live 
 in, than the common people of any part of Europe; 
 tl'.ojgh where any ncgUct or failure happens, it ufually 
 proves fatal, aiicl occafions the lofsofnofes, or other 
 members, and fometimcs of life ; unlefs the ufual re- 
 n.cJy to expel the froft when it has feizcd any part, 
 be early applied, which is to ren.ain in thcceUI, and 
 rub the part efteded with Inow, till the blood return 
 to it ngiin. 
 
 AVhat has been faid in relation to Sweden, is in the 
 main applicable to Fiiiland, except only that hitherto 
 no minis have been dilcdicicd there. Its chiefeft 
 commodities are pifh, and tar, all foiti of wooden 
 ware, Oriidfifti, cattle, trainoil, Src. 
 
 I he ii.vdics, like moft other nations, arc fond of 
 deiivi:\ iheir oiigin from the remoteft ages; but there 
 is noth.ii^' to be depended on in their ancient hiflory 
 till the .nn.d uf t)din, who with his Afiatives emi- 
 piittd to the north about fixty years before thj 
 Chiiftian .T-.ra. This chief planted his aiins and his 
 religion .iinong them. The latter was a heap of ab- 
 lurditie^, but well caUulatcd enough to Itir up a 
 baibarmi^ nation to warlike atchievements. Aceoid- 
 ing to hi . lydem, the fouls of the wicked after death 
 were conligned to Hi/ii, a place of punilhment, while 
 thofe .it the good, and particularly of fuch as fell in 
 battle, were received into the halls if Odin, where 
 the latter qiiafi'cd mead and ale out of the fkulls of 
 their ciieniies. 
 
 The natives of Sweden were eaily renowned for 
 their courage, and fome judgment may be formed cf 
 what their neiglibours thought of them in this refpeil, 
 where it is obfervcd, 'I hat one of the ancient Punic 
 writers giving as a fort of fcale of the brave.-y of the 
 northern nations, fays, " That the Stieiits were 
 excelled only by the immortal (lods in valour." 
 
 Divine honours were paiti to Odin Woden after 
 his death, and Wednefday owes its name to this God, 
 who was adored, together with Thor, Freva, and 
 other idols by the Swedes, and likcwife by our Saxon 
 anceftors. 
 
 That the Saxons who were called into England 
 about the year 450, were originally a colony of 
 Goths, is conjei^lured from the agreement of their 
 language, laws and cuOonis. Hut that the Swedes 
 and Goths, joined with the D.ines and Norwegians 
 in their invafion of England, about the year 800, we 
 arc afl'iircd from our own hiftorians, that expreflly 
 mention them, with the charatl, r of barbarous and 
 Pagan naiions, as they then were ; and the fame may 
 be concluded from the many Saxon coins, that are 
 frequently found in Sweden, and in greater variety 
 than in England, which (eem to have been the Dane 
 gilt, or trii'ute which the nation then paid. 
 
 The Normans alfo, who about that time fettled in 
 France, were in part natives of this country, lo thit 
 England, together with the mifirics that accompanied 
 
 thofe 
 
 : 
 
1 1 
 
 I76S] 
 
 TRAVELS THROUGH SWEDEN. 
 
 54' 
 
 iholl- conqutP..-, O'.ves ii yreat part of its cxtruilion tn 
 thcfc people. 
 
 It w.is about the year 8 JO, that the ]'.ni;<cror f^ii- 
 ilovicus Pius fiiit Arr.;.i^rjs, alunwards aichhilh"!! 
 of Hanihur^ii, loat['.;i.pi tlic cimvcrlirm (it ihf SwcJ. ■> 
 and (jciths, who at lirlt l\ad liuli- or 110 I'ucc.ls j but 
 in his Icconcl jouriifv , Come years alter he was b-.t-.r 
 recclvej, aii.l b.ipti/.ed the kiiii; Olaus, wiio was 
 afterwanls niarlyred by his heathen rubje^t-, ami 
 oft'cred i:i faentiee to tl\L-ir ^;ods ; nor did (Jnriltianitv 
 become the general relijjio.i of Sweden till about 100 
 yoarf after, when it w;i'. .ilanted by Sigt'rid, auhh:(h"p 
 of York and '•llur En^iilh divines, Cent (or thtner by 
 another Olau* ; in wiiole time the kingdom of Swe- 
 den, and that oC Cioihi.i were united, but became 
 afterwards to be leparated again, and continued Co 
 near 200 years ; when they wcr. again joined, on 
 condition that the two roy.d Camiiies (houKl Cucceed 
 each other by turns, as thiy did f( r a fpace of a hun- 
 dred years, bui not without great oiforders, and much 
 blood thed, and ended in the extirpation of tlie Gothic 
 family. 
 
 The throne of Sweden was filled by various princes 
 of dilFerent lines, and often devolved upon ihe kings 
 of Denmark; and when this was not the caCe, the 
 Danes had always a faiSlion in the kingdom, and thcl'e, 
 under the reign of Stenfture the younger, headed 
 by the Bifliop of UpCall, advanced Chriltian II, to 
 the rcaal dignity, but he behaved himCelf to ty 
 rp.nicalTy,and fhed Co much innocent blood, eCpecially 
 of the nobility, which he defi^ncd utterly to root out, 
 that his reign became intolerable, i«nd the wliolc na- 
 tion confpired ajjainl* I m under the command of 
 Guftavus the firlt, Wi ■> (eCccnded from the I'ntient 
 kings of Sweden, whofe fat' er had been bche.ided, and 
 his mother hsd two fiflers inipriConed by Chiiltian. 
 He was at firll: received governor uf the kingdom, snd 
 two years aCttr, had the regal dignity confeucd on 
 him, and as the Danes and Norwegians had alio 
 expelled KingChriftian, who had married Charles V's 
 fifter, and repaired to the imperial court for Cuccour, 
 which he could not obtain to any purpofc, being, upon 
 his landing in Norway, defeated and taken priConer, 
 in which Kate he continued to his death ; therefore 
 Guftavus was freed from all fuither trouble on that 
 account ; and at liberty to ledrefa the diCorders of the 
 kingdom. 
 
 Hitherto the kingdom of Sweden had for fevcral 
 hundred years been elective, but was at this time 
 made hereditary to the male illuc of Guftavus, in a 
 right line of CuccelTion, with reCervation that in de- 
 fault of Cuch ilTuc the right of election (hould return 
 to thccftates. Gullavus, by his three wives, had four 
 fons, and Ceveral d.iughtets : his eldeft Con, Lrick, 
 was to fiiccced to the crown ; John was made Duke 
 of Finland; Ma»nu', Duke of Oftrogothia ; and 
 Charles, Dukeof Sudctniania ; whereby thole pro- 
 vinces were in a manner dilincmbercd from the crown. 
 Having thus in a reign of tliirty-lix years brought the 
 kingilom in Cuch a flourilhing londitioii, as it had 
 not fecn in many ages, and entailed a crown upon 
 his own family, in which itftill remains. 
 
 The next remarkable prince wc find recorded after 
 a Cuccedion of year', was (Jultavus Adolphus. This 
 monarch found himCtlf engaged in a IJanifh war, 
 which he nnillied, and then turned his aims againft 
 MuCeovy ; to the borders of which he Cent his bro- 
 ther, not with an intention to procure his cltabiifli- 
 ment in that tiirone, uiiitli he railier ainu'd at Cor 
 hiuiCelC; but to induce the fortified places adjacent to 
 Finland and Liefland, to accept of Swedifh gariiCons, 
 in Prince Charles PMlip's name, which fuccceded in 
 a great mcafurc, till another was cholen Czar; with 
 whom, after various CueccCs on both fides, a peace 
 was concluded by the mediation oC Fngland and Hol- 
 land, by which Sweden, behdes part oC Lcifland, 
 preCently got the country oC Ingermanland, and the 
 province of Kexholm, with Ceveral Cortificd places, 
 and wholly (hut out the Mufcgvitcs from the tall 
 fea. 
 ■ Vol, I. No. 46. 
 
 The Polifli w.!;', that h 'd Come (hcrt Intervals of 
 ttuces, was of 1 longer continuance, and no ! Is b.- 
 iKlicial to Sweden ; which in ilir tour'.e of it, took: 
 Riga, and all other places lUe PoK--, had in Leillan.l, 
 except only one fort, and tr.iiic: cairicJ the war into 
 Prulila, with the like CucccCs, till at l..(t, by the inter- 
 polition ot I'.ngl.uid and I'raii.e, e.;c. .1 truce was con- 
 cluded for lix years. 
 
 i'iiis gavL (jultavus leiCure to cni;;i!»e in the Ger- 
 ni.in war, to which he was both provoked by the em- 
 peror, and encoin.igid by others. Tlie year (ol- 
 lovvinghe h"gan tli.ii e.xptilition, ami o;i the 2.^111 if 
 June, arriving ;.i the mouth i;f the Odor, he i. aided 
 nis little army that conlilled of lO troops of horCc, 
 and 92 compii'ics of foot, making about Hero nienj 
 which befides other addiiions, w.is augnitiited by fi.^ 
 regiments of Engliflt and Scotch, under Duke Ha- 
 milton, but more by the king's inci''diblc fiicceCs. 
 
 Upon his .'iril approich, Sleliii and all l'oineran!.« 
 lell into his hands. The vear following haviinrjoincd 
 the elettor ol Saxony, he gave the cinperoi's army, 
 under Ueiicral Tilly, a total overthrow ninr Liepfig i 
 whence he travirled Franconia, the Palatinate, lia- 
 varia, he. till tha iie.\t year at the b.ittle oC Lut/.cii 
 (where his army was again victorious) he was lu. - 
 cheroudy killed, (as it i* b-Iieved) by Francis Al- 
 bert, duke oC Saxon l.awcmhiiigh, not only to the; 
 great joy of the iiTiperialill<, but of France and other 
 his friends, who envied and feared the farther incrcale 
 of his grcatneCs. I'y his death, the crown fell to his 
 daughter, Chiiftina, a prince Is of five ytars old, 
 in whofe favour her father had gained the Ctates of 
 the kingdom to alter the hereditary union, as it is 
 (tiled, which refirained the Cucccflion tn the male 
 line. In her minority, the chancellor, Axel Oxeir- 
 Itiern, had the direetion of the Swedifh nriairs In 
 Germany, where the war was proCtcuted with varii.ty 
 oC Cuccefs, but mudi to the advantage of Swclen, 
 which was pofieni.d oC above 100 forti.icd places, and 
 had an army exceeding I00,CCT men, when Prince 
 Charles Guftavus was (iener..Iiirinio, a little hJ'oic 
 the conclufion of the treaty of Muniter, by wliich 
 Sweden obtained Cor its fali<C;',i.tion, the dukedom ot" 
 Pomirania, Bremen and \'crden, v.iih the city of 
 WiCmar, and a right of Ceilion : ii vote in the diets 
 oC the empire, andiiicic of Lower Saxony, as alio 
 the luin ot five millions of crowns. 
 
 The queen had for levcral vcars tntTtaincd a refo- 
 lution to quit the crown, which at l,;ft Ihe efj"_(;tedj 
 and aCter having procured Piince Charles Gult.'.vus 
 to be declared hereditary prince, (whom the dates 
 would gladly ha\e had the queen married, hut nei- 
 ther he nor (he were iiu lined to it) with nuieh Ib- 
 lemnity flie divefled herColC of the crown, and le- 
 IcaCed her Culijeiils Crom their allegiance. 
 
 She was a princeCs renowned through Europe Cor 
 her fine Ceiil'e and underllandin.^ 
 
 All the world knows to wdi.it diftrelles the rafli con- 
 duft of Charles Xll. reduced the Suedifli nation, 
 which have lately been put an end to by their prefi nc 
 monarch, (to whom, in imiiation oC the Danes) 
 the bulk oC the people have Currendercd their liber- 
 ties, with a view of delivering themlcKcs from ths 
 intolerable opprefiion eC ;in ovcibeaniig nobi- 
 
 '''>■• .„. 
 
 Chriftianity was not received into Sweden till about 
 
 the ninth century ; and not into i'niland till near 
 
 ■^co years alter ; and if not fiilt preachid, was at Icaftt 
 
 hrll ellablilhed, as we li.ive noticed by S. Siefiid, 
 
 who was afterwards martvied with tliiee of his 11c- 
 
 phcM s, by the Gothi. 
 
 The lilic fate attended St. Kfkill, and other Eng» 
 lifh, by the Swedes; and ahmit the vear 1 1 5c, S^t. 
 Henry, an Englilh bifhop, accompanied St. Erick, 
 king of Sweden, in his cxpedi'ion into Finland, 
 which the king conquered, and the bifliop r(>nvcrtcd 
 into Chrillianity ; he aid was martyred by the infi- 
 dels, and lies buried at Abo, the meiropolis of that 
 country. 
 
 The reformation there, as well as in Dcniraik ard 
 it '^ Norvv..y, 
 
 1! 
 
 i 
 
542 
 
 TRAVELS THROUGH SWEDEN. 
 
 [.768 
 
 began foiin sOn tlic nriphbiiuriiij parts of German)' 
 bail criihracc'il l.iillicr's tincts, ajul was c(Kibli(hed ac- 
 tou^iii,; ro hi.s platlorin. Tiic tyrannv ft Minii; Cliril- 
 ti:i;i 11. ulio t'.u 11 woic tht'l'c tiircc northern crowns, 
 {;,ii.- an opporiunily li> (jiiH.a ii«, the loiiiulcr of the 
 priKnt royal tamily, both to alter rel';;ion ami ad- 
 vanci- liinililf ti) tliL- Ji;;al dignity, w'lich till that 
 time w.is tlcc'livc, but was then jnadc liereditarv to 
 bis f.iinilv, in which it has ilncc continunl, as th; 
 I.utbernn u-lii;iiin has wUb clone in the country, never 
 but once ililhirbcil fniii abrnad, andlince that dil- 
 t'.irbanc.' never ilillraelid at linnie with nonconfor- 
 mity; ail thcorikrsof nica a|jrceii!::; in a conltnnt at- 
 tendance on divine I'ervice, and a /.e.il for their o« n 
 wa\ , wiihou; any nice inquiries intodifputable poinls, 
 cither in th.ir own tenets, o. thole of other churches, 
 whereby it b.Tomes the bufinels of their prCachers, 
 rather t<) pjrfuade the practice of liicty, than to op- 
 pofc the doctrine of others, or obllinately defend their 
 own. 
 
 The church is gn\crncd bv an arcbbifliop and ten 
 bilhn|)s, whole Ihuiies arc confined to thfir own ein- 
 plo\ ni'.'nl-, b^'in.; never called to council, but only at 
 the alliinblv of the lUtcs, nortinubled with the ad- 
 iiiiniflration of anv fecular affair. I'heir revenues 
 .nic very moderate ; the archliilhop of Upfal not 
 iinpnrlin:, four hundred pounds a year, the billioprick 
 iiftcr th u propoition. CnJer them arc feven or eight 
 I'upeiiniendents, who have all the power of bidiops, 
 and only want the name ; and over each ten chuiclies 
 is a pri'voll-, or rural dean, with lumc authority o\rr 
 the inferior c'iTl^v, of whom the fum total may belt 
 be coniputid by t!ie number of churches, which in 
 Sweden and rmlind, is (liort of 20CC, to which the 
 ii.lditijn of til ijilains and curates, will iacreafc the 
 bjdv of the tier.'.v to near 4000 peifons ; they are 
 all the fons of pearaiits or mean burL;ers, and can 
 therefore content ihi iiifdvis with the liii.ill income of 
 theii pi ices, which bcfid.s niore inconfiderable due;, 
 arlfe^ tuni glebe lands and one third of the tythcs, 
 of which tire otlier two thirds arc annexed to the 
 C't)wn, to be cmp'oyed in pious ul'es : however, the 
 cl'T^v have L^eiierally wberc-withal to cxercifc liofpi- 
 t.il tv, and arc ihecunftant ret'uj;e of poor travellers, 
 ilpeciallv ltrani',crs, who ufe to p.ci from priell to 
 jiii-rt, ils in other pi ices from conllablc to conllalde. 
 The cler;,v of each diocef-, upon the death of their 
 liil'nap, prO|iyie three pcrfons to the kinjj;, who either 
 iliuleoneof them, or foiiie other, to fuccccd in that 
 office-, which is alio praiitded In the choice of fuper- 
 ir.t'.iidcnt-. Ill the choice of an aiclibifliop ali 
 the chaplains in (he kinj;dom vote, but the determi- 
 nation IS i the kin.','s brcalt. Hi^ maiclly hath alfo 
 the p.itrona:;.-; ol molt churchc>.-, foinc lew only bcin;; 
 in me dil'pofd of the nobility. Many of their 
 churches arc u.lonied with variety cf fculptuics, 
 paintings, ^iUlin?;, J;c. AH of th; m arc kept neat 
 and I lean, and in _:_oiid repair, fi.rniibed as well in 
 country as citv, with rich altai cloths, cope>, and 
 other villmentv. 
 
 Stockholm, the capital of Sweden, lies in fifry-ninc 
 decrees twcniy-cight mir.iiti:s nortn latitude, and 
 jibout fortv-one longitude, asdefciibed by our modern 
 travell'.-r>,' is romantically fituated, being built on 
 feven or ei;;!it illaniisand rocks in the ;:r' at lake .Me- 
 rer, wliich gives it feme rclciiiblaiici of \'cnicc; and 
 this fiiu..iioi"i, like th.it of Venice, i- Uich a fecurity to 
 it, th.it no other lortificat ion have been thought iieccl- 
 lary. It is very well built ; the (treets in j;encral aie 
 broad, ilrait, and r.jular; and the public builiimgs 
 are many of them j;rcat ornaments to the place. 
 Amon'.; theU-, the king's pal.ice demands the fnlt at- 
 tention; this is an obi building, and therefore iritgu- 
 lir in parts, but it forms a fijii.'rc, and is raifed ol 
 Hone. It is witiiiii acitidel, but the fortification 
 could not do much in dcfer.rc of the town, and it is 
 belides (cmnianrlcd h\ an adjoining hill. Confidering 
 that the place fcrves lor many public r.lbs, beliJrs the 
 kiiu-:'s ufiddKc ; it is not only miMn but tinall ; all 
 the roon.» 0) the li:H .\ik\ f;conJ flu^ r, art tiled for 
 
 private meetings of the fcnate, and the courts of judi- 
 cature ; fo that the apartments of the royal family aie 
 three pair of (lairs hig;h, and fomcof them four. The 
 fenatc-houfc, where ihc public meetings, \i a very regu- 
 lar and lincidilicc, making the belt hguie of any in 
 tne tovMl. 
 
 I'hc houfes of the nobility arc not very magnificent, 
 but fomc of them are haiulfomc, otliirs large and 
 conimcdious. I'hc arfrnal is a large building:, but 
 bv no means well ilorcd : the ro- ' liable?, and tlie 
 !;reat liofpital, alio make fomc .lj , the bridge of 
 boats, which is 100 yaids long . d which tliey ihcw 
 wilh Ibme degree of vanity, is a paltry fubftitiite. 
 Among the churches, the principal are St. Nicholas, 
 St. .Mary's, St. Catharine's, St. Clare's, St. John's, 
 and St. Olive's. The king's chapel is more dccora- 
 teil than any of them. 
 
 The chief trade of the kingdom is c.irried on In 
 the citv; the Iia'bour will admit of ^oorreat Ihip'^, 
 .Old above 500 fmall ones at the fame time, which 
 might all ride in the utnioll fafetv ; and they hjvc a 
 ijuav for the delivery and taking in of goods, near a 
 mile long; and tins is reckoned the pleafantctt and 
 nioft chearful part of Stockholm. It has a face of 
 bulinefs and acli\ iiy upon the public qu.iy, which in 
 a town, is far more lively than the perpetual rattle of 
 coiiehcs. liut not withilanding it is a place of great 
 tiade, and the harbour perfectly fecure, yet there aie 
 dilKculiies in getting in and out, which is a cramp 
 upon their commerce, 
 
 Thrrc are numerous iflinds in the Jake lietwecn 
 Stockholm and the ft a, and thcfc caul'e iuch a winding 
 courfc, that f.vtral different winds are necefiary to 
 <arry them in and out ; and which is much the vvorfc 
 lor their having no tides, which would greatly aflill 
 the na\igation. 
 
 Oregiond is a fea-port on the gulpli of Kothrin, 
 tolerably well f;;uated for trade, elpccially that of 
 timber. From a hill near the town, is a moll beau- 
 tiliil view of the gulpli, with a gieat pai: of Kinlanil 
 on the other fide ; the illands of Aland fpot the fea in 
 a mi ft picturcfque manner. 
 
 At I ;o miles dillant is Hcdeinora. The country 
 is vciy wild and vaiious, hills and dale', ninuniains 
 and ro.:ks, bogs, rivers and lakes, al! mixed thickly 
 with a fmall <|uantity of cultivated and profitable 
 land. Ail the peafants here are farmers, and moil of 
 them own the laiuls they cultivate. T heir houfes are 
 very well built of wood, and covered with ihingles, 
 the materials being to be had in the utnr dl plenty; 
 they are much better, and more cnmfoi table dwelling-, 
 than the rottnges of mud, co\'cred v. 'lb thatcli, 
 wl'.ii h arc fo common in I'ingland. Tlitir furniture 
 is of their own nK,nufa£turing, connfting of very 
 little more than what they make of tlieir pines. All 
 of tlirm handle the faw and the axe wilh much ability, 
 nor do they make bad or clunify work, for their chairs, 
 tables, beds, &c. arc very decently cut and put toge- 
 ther. 'I'hey feem to he a very happy and contented peo- 
 ple; each has his farm divided into regular uulofurcs 
 around his lioufe, which the women almoll tnt:;llv cul- 
 tivate, while the men are ciiiploycd in cutting timber 
 in the foicils ; for they have a conliderablc river, down 
 which they float vaft quaniitics. 
 
 Th'.v always fix their hciifc in the niidfl cf a vale 
 of dry foil, upon a rock, if tliry can clioofe, fo that 
 all the woiks of tillage are performed with great cafe. 
 They cultivate but very little wheat, tlmugh their 
 land aj'pears to be good enough for any produil j 
 _ oats and a little barley, with a goud many beans, are 
 their chief crops ; but ihefe fetm to beai jio propor- 
 tion to theirfiflds of Swcdifli turnips, and alio another 
 fort, whiih we arc infotmed, does very well in the 
 fevered climates, and is more generally cultivated in 
 the northern parts of 'he kingdom. Up.n ih-.'fc 
 turnips, thty principally depend for their own diet, 
 as well as that of their cattle; and -li' r hovk'-, in 
 winte' have no other food : their breed i> fi .ill, ' ut 
 very llrong, uncominonly hardy, and v ry Ai;.' fooled, 
 going down even the moft rocky mouiiuin's fides. 
 
 Tli« 
 
,7^,8.] 
 
 t R A V K L S THROUGH S W F. D L 
 
 S-Ij 
 
 The f.ininiis Provii'.c? of n:ilcrarli:i is thiii- dr- 
 firilifj by an Knj;lilli mntli man, who paU'cil tliroiigh 
 h Co l.itily ,is tlic yrar r;'.'S). 
 
 " 'I'lie wbiAr. cminirv lnoks as if tliorc was not 
 any privatL' |iiii|ifrtv in it : l)iii I fnund that iIk-Ic 
 fciicfts anJ wil Is h. 1(1 owners, as wi-ll as more culii- 
 vatcil proviiici'v. 'Ihrrc arc funic ginllcnu-n's fiats 
 in Dalctarlia, as I was infuinicJ, thuugii I law nonci 
 ana tlic-ir (k-wanU and a.'/nts employ iht pcafants in 
 tutting timber, in drawing piiih and tar, and in 
 making charcoal, on ihuir account", paying them, 
 in gi;neral, by nicafnrc and tal. j their "-ates of labour 
 »rc not hi^h, few of thcni earninn mure than four- 
 pence or Mvc-p-nre a dav, Knglilh, though they are 
 indultrioun and ulcd to h«id labour ; but thi-. pay is 
 (iilHcient lor maintainiri!^ them very well, with the 
 help ot their firm?, as their wives dung them, an<! 
 very old men do tliu principal bufincf, ot them. All 
 the purchafcs they have to make with money arc foiiu- 
 parts of their cloathing, which is extremely coarfe and 
 cheap, and alio iitenfiln and implements, all whiih 
 arc bouj;tit of travcllini; pedlars ; for I Jo not appre- 
 hen;l tlicre an- three fliops for buving them in this 
 iinmenle provincf. As their money is lufficient there- 
 fore til their wants, tlicl" being all the ufcs of it, ex- 
 cept fonie very fli;:ht t.:x :, they have very few in- 
 ftanccs amon^ tlicm of ui.-.appinels on account of the 
 want of money ; n.ir do i any where remember fieinfj 
 a people, that liiii more ap|->;ar,inceof perfect content 
 and h.ippinels among ihc-n. Tl,ev arc bU-flVd with 
 an almolt uninicrrupted flow of henllh, which is 
 owing to the nardv.els of their lives, attended with 
 wholcfoine diet ; a bolder, braver, hardier race of 
 men, 1 appreliend, do not exift, than th:- Dulecar- 
 Iians; they ale -i moll fincere, honcil, fi.iple, but 
 plainly fcnliblc people ; thev are as hofpitahle as can 
 well be contoivcd, infomuch, had I b^en ea;^cr and 
 ;'ttentive to take advanta?/- of this ;];ood difpoliiion, I 
 ihould have travelled through their province, Ipendinc;; 
 notiiing but good words: indeed, money is fo fcarce 
 here, that paying them what thev demanded, without 
 the Icait hclitation, and forcing mnnev upon I'ome of 
 them, ffill my expences in tiavelling were low beyond 
 conception. I have leveral days travelled forty miles, 
 and paid fn- myfelf, man, and live horfet, with two 
 or three n ..'s, and a ni;^ht's lodging', only the value 
 of three ihillings Kn-liih. Indeed 1 took up witli 
 t'.ie food of the pealants, fat at their l.oard, and was 
 particular in nothing but letting up my own bed. 
 (his was a mode of travcilini; extremi.ly delirable in 
 lo wild a country, wlicrc the peal'ar.ts are the only 
 people in it, that demand the leall attention. 
 
 " I reached Lvnia on the 21!',, the dillancc of 
 near forty n>ilcs. I'he country as 1 adsanced, grew 
 amazingly romantic ; the view, as far as the eve caiv 
 cunin and, from the tops of the mountains, is one 
 vali range of mountain b.vond iiuiuntain, till you ice 
 the ndge that parts Sweilen fioin Nor^vav, rifiiii; far 
 ahovc the coni'ii in e'ouds. The v, lioie profpeel is a 
 thick woodland i and in many pl.xcs very confulcr- 
 ablc lakes, ot tome noles long and broad, breiik upon 
 the eye ; nothing can b-: more awful, or more lublime 
 than theic wonderful Icciies ; the fitnation of the 
 village ot Lyma is gieatly uncommon i it lies within 
 the l)end of the river, which is in tii\ a con'ii' ■ 1 
 water-tall, pourin ;; over one tijge of rocks the mo- 
 ment it has parted another; and niakin_^ fuch a con- 
 tinual roar as almolf to Ifiin the whfde yilbi'^ej im- 
 mediately beiiind it rili.; a 1 id^e ii',' mountains, whole 
 tops are, in cloudy weather, far above the clouds; 
 but fonunately for me, the wer-ther ha.s been uni- 
 formly clear ; lo that thefe dreadlul heights, with 
 Ihu torrent |>ouiiii; down atfheir feet, appeared mag- 
 llilicent in the higliell degree. 
 
 " In th" morning of the 2 5J, 1 tritvellel to Seriia, 
 which i« thirty-t.vo niile< ; wnere 1 ixt with nothing 
 Worthy of oll.-rv.aion. It is a little vilhge, tlie pea- 
 sants of which hive nothing more than gardens. 'I'lie 
 
 whole country is, liowe^er, ana/, 
 as the c\e coniniandi. Inch ran^ 
 bc^linsit unbujiidcd. 
 
 magnificent, 
 It thick wood as to 
 
 " From .Serna, I turned full eail to H'. r'ala, thi 
 diftance near lixty miles, which took me up neur two 
 l.iys i through acouir.tv in v. hich thcie isaiiry 
 broad and con li lei able tiaik of nal land, \\'ilh a riM-r 
 in the middle of it. It is, as 1 guelV, twcn'v miies 
 irroiV, lino of a fu prratei leiij;ll). 1 liipiKde Snedtl! 
 does notcont.iin a richer track o| landj )ii very little 
 (d it is eullivatid 1 much of it is bog lome inarlh, 
 but mcdl of it is a dry, di'.p, lich, found loam. Ac 
 "erdala, m\ lirvr.nt overtook nie lii.nt Stoikho'ii'^ 
 liavinc tr.iced me hy the intoimaiiim of the prafints. 
 
 " I'roni thiner I let off on the 26tli lor Linfdal, 
 
 village at the ddlance of eiiihty miles in the province 
 f Helfingia i which proved a journey of liuce davs^ 
 through a more romantic, wild, and mountainous 
 country, than any I had yet feen.'' 
 
 The trade of Sweden, was left in a mofV m f r.dile 
 condition at the ccnclufion of the war with Mufcovy. 
 Immidutcly after the death of Charles XII. fuch ;i 
 langour p-oceeded, that had not much attention been 
 L;iven to improvement, and a charge in the coi.llitu- 
 tion cnfucd, it would have taken ;,t leall a cmtnry to 
 have recovercil, and perhaps much more. Many of 
 the wounds then received, are not yet healed ; there 
 re tracks of country, in many ' f the provinces, which 
 once were well peopled, that nrc at this day dei'arf j 
 and the ravages of the Rufli.ins d\:llroy(.d foine valu.iMo 
 coppermines, which arc not yet recovered. Vhilhiri 
 thtfe twenty years much has been done to fpr.ad im- 
 provements, fo that the country wears a tine face; 
 hut all this is not to be called a creation of new in- 
 dulhy, much of it is only a renovation of that which 
 we long ago eijoyed. 
 
 The modern improver?, who have puflied mcll of 
 the advantageous laws which have hv( n m..de of l.ito 
 years in favour of commerce, Jcc. had oncpiincipal 
 aim, which was certainly very meritorious ; it was ta 
 force the Swedes, eitluT to manufaclure for themlelves, 
 or to go without the commodities forintrly in. ported 
 from abroad ; msnv l.iws were made with this \ iew j 
 and which at lall ended in almoll general prcdii- 
 hition toforei-;n fabrics. T bis was very well meant, 
 but it was drivirg too fafl, and has had fomcconfc- 
 Unences of a complexion by no means agreeable. If 
 is true feveral ma'nit'.ichires were illahlilhed in diflei- 
 ent parrs of the kingdom, to enable the people to pir- 
 form for themfelves, and lome of them fiice.eedcd we!!, 
 but It is a bufinefs of much longer time to n;ake .1 
 peopl« a manufai'hiring nation. The atterrpt to do 
 it at once, was not only unfucc^fsfu!, but was at- 
 tciidid with leveral evils to the whole kingdom. 
 Sweden impf.rtr.!, it is true, large quantitie.s ot manu- 
 f.ic'.ures, but then Ihe p.iid for M of them, or at le.ift 
 for much thv greateil part, with the prodiiets of her 
 own foil J fvich as copper, iron, timber, flii|i«, (lax, 
 hemp, pitch, tar, furs, (kin*, fvc. li that the noble- 
 men uho dirllcd themfelves in brcncii or Eii_'.;;h 
 tioaths ; his wife, who wore French and Italian fiiks } 
 and all u ho expendid their jcvenuc in nr.v foreign 
 import, did, at the fame time, rnniingc the lower 
 cliiU'es of the people, and indeed ailiit th; whole Hate, 
 by exporting the above producii, in pioportion to tf f 
 goods fo impoited and worn. The I'"gi(lature faliely 
 imagined, that foreigners lould net i!o without thofe 
 products they bou;;bt of Sweden, and paid for with 
 tiuir niaiiul.ilures ; th>v fuppol'ed thry would buy 
 in the feme proportion, am: pay foi them with money; 
 but this was at b' (I a delulion, for other nations km w 
 their inteulls as will as the Swedes, and immediately 
 trans:ci red a vail poition of their trade to Norw.;y 
 and Is udia ; the conlci]uei',ce of which has bei n, that 
 tile coppe:- and iron work', n every province in tlu 
 kinL'dom, are dit'coiuiaueii 1 r want of tlie old de- 
 mand ; and a great number oi hands, once eniplojtd 
 in the timber trade, have ever lincc llood rtiU. 
 
 Trad;: hoACNcr, is now rather inchntd to Hourilh 
 in Svvelui, the people aiv \ery aticHtive to it, and 
 lome ol the laws th.it have been made to encourage it, 
 h.ive bad goo.i cffct. 'File Hupping bilong iie, to the 
 kingdom, is much incicaUd iit tlic Ult tiiiity yc-irs » 
 
 tbcy 
 
 !' 
 
544 
 
 TRAVELS THROUGH SWEDEN. 
 
 [i-M 
 
 tlivy export more of their commodiiics in their own 
 bottnms than formerly i which h;is in every iifpcel, 
 proved a vciy advantageous thing to them. Al. their 
 lnip|)ing, aiul cvtiy article of naval ftores, arc their 
 own product ; fo that an incrcalc of it, is gninin^ 
 (int- of the moll advantagcou< markets in tlic woild. 
 Indfcd a very confiilerable nrtiile of trade with them, 
 is buildiii;^ lliips for fale ; in which aitiele, the I'mich 
 .inJ Uiiteh arc the bell piMrhali.-rs. The former, it 
 is well known, once bought a (Ivet of nine fail of men 
 of war of ihe line of them, at one timr; and the Dutch 
 ;ire rcgulai purchalert of fonic merchant fltips ; but 
 the chief inoreafe of their Ihip building has been for 
 theinfelves, in confeqtience of an incrcale of their 
 foreign trade, which it is fuppofed, is now, on com- 
 parifon with what it was thirty years ago, as five to 
 three, tonage leckoned. 
 
 The eftabliflimcnt of the Eaft India commerce lias 
 been of riuch confcqucncc to them, in this article of 
 (hip building, and indeed to all the other branches of 
 commerce in the king J im j for Eaft InJ'« -'oods were 
 before boi.ght with cafli, without br !:j,jig in any 
 advantages by fliip building, c the employment of 
 feamen j bi t the government has obliged the company 
 to expo.-, tc the in '.i s a given quantity of Swedifli 
 niamit..-lurei i :.U wnich exportation is clear profit, 
 b.fiiles I 'C i.ir umiianrc!" mentioned .ibove. This 
 i-(h\bliflv cent jf an EalJ ( idla cmpany in Sweden, 
 c.iiplry^ki c . 'i^ciil.itirr >f the 'rading part of Europe, 
 wi^.'i pri/nouii'- i it a vifionary fcheme, and one 
 which co<.iJ -• '..Ti'ily anCvcr J but experience ha? 
 no-.rio'ii ih Ml, .ii •. nuthl",,v.aj lefsjuft than this con- 
 dem.i: ■ tor the whc".e kingdom of Sweden is fup- 
 
 plie. b) It, and *her. 's a pretty confidcrable qunntity 
 of I.i !ia g^'ods ^xpcrted to Poland, alfo fome to 
 Cjcri.i.nv, .lid a few ;c> Ruflia ; all which are very 
 wrcat and conri.''".-.'le .id, antaa;es, compared \v;.h the 
 tune whtnth'V thcrtji ).-C' .ought their whole home 
 comumiition of the ''•"u'jiirh ...J Dutch. 
 
 Anotli'.r fciicmc ol tr.-vie which has been partly ex- 
 ecuted, though not entirely, is to import all their 
 \Vt:l\ India conimrdities in their own bottoms ; this 
 was not an eafy mi.ttcr to execute, for it is contrary 
 to the laws of a.l the nations, that have colonies in 
 that part of the world ; but certain it is, th.it in 
 fpitc of all obftaclcs of this foit, they do purih.ife 
 luri'e quantities o,' fugar, rum, &c. in the Welt India 
 iflands j and another channel, through which they do 
 this bulinefs, is through the Hahema iflands, where 
 they buy from the account of Boi! n merchants, 
 poods which come from the Englilli nds. 'I'his 
 plan is not brought fully to bear, but u ihcy get it to 
 be quite fuccefsful, it will make a confidcrable de- 
 duction from the navigation of England, and add to 
 that of Sweden. 
 
 Building of (hips for foreigners has lately received 
 a very laumblc bounty of ten lhi!lin;;s a ton, which is 
 cue of the beft confidered mcafiircs that could have 
 been executed i and if this bounty was to be raifed lb 
 high, as to enable the Swedifli fliip carpenters to 
 under fell the tnglifti and Dutch ones by many ()er r 
 cent, in their own yards, it would be a moll political ' 
 meafurc, and perhaps give the kingdom a more advan- 
 t;i2eou« market for moft of her ilaple commodities, 
 than :ill their other methods put together. . 
 
 Among til', manufactures which thev have been | 
 eager tocftablilh, the principal is the woollen. They 
 have in coarfe cloaths m.idc fome proifrcf-, and begin 
 to work fome that are fine ; an improvement, which 
 his been much owing to their gainings better breed 
 of fticcp from England, and which liavelioen dilpcu'ed 
 with much afliduiiy over moft parts o{ the kingdom. 
 liy means of Polilh wool, mixed with the woilt of 
 their own, the Swedes make tolerable coarfe clotiis, 
 and other fabricks ; and the bcff they import from 
 Piilmd, mixed with the brft of their own, m.ikes a 
 finer cloth, thjt fells W'J! at home, and prcchi.lcs 
 the impor' of any but the fined of all, worn by the 
 nobility and gentry of confidtrabic fortunes. 'Ihcir 
 njiinufadure* of the coail'c iyrts ai* fo enlarged by 
 b 
 
 degrees, th.it they have for fome years, exported iln.dl 
 qiiaritiiies ol it to I'olaiid ; wlii< h fhcws liow Jar thi y 
 have been able to cany tlieir p int. 
 
 Bcfides ihele wi.ullen f.ihiics, wlii( h are In a w;iv 
 of proving eonliuei.ible iiiouliIi to .'op toiilly .,il im'. 
 porlatioiis ill time, they li.ae alfo e(l:ibii''.id jtinx 
 of linen, hut th^fe lire not yet li) fat ...!,. ..iitd as the 
 former; tluy make l.iigc quantitiisof n coarlc lort, 
 which (ells well among the conmion peiijiU- ; but alj 
 the higher chillei of inli.ibitans iile that wluch tunics 
 from England, HolUiul, or turmaiiy. 
 
 'I'hc manufactories of hard wan-, are much th^ 
 greatell niiioii!; the Swedes. 1 hey work and calt tlu ir 
 copper and iron into inanv forms, and ni.ike of tlum 
 a great variety of implenu nl«, uti iilil'., and niateri.;Ii 
 for nianufaiituiing ; lucli as bar; and plate^, of copper 
 and iron, various foils ot wire, great t;uns, and Jiu- 
 merous other articles in the tuundry way. Thev ex- 
 port vail quan;ities of iron aiiiiuilly, for wnitis, 
 England, Holland and France rretheii tnflcii{toniirsi 
 but the Englilli pay them a bah'.nce ol tr..i!e, anicuii;- 
 ing to fevcrai hundred thoufand poiind.> annu;.liy, of 
 which, iron and timber are the prineipjl aiticles tliiy 
 take ; whereas the IVench p.iy them in nothing but 
 wines, brandies, and manul.icluics. (>t ull tli« 
 articles of their trade, iron and tin.b.r arc the ii.olt 
 confidcrable. 
 
 As to the improvements which have been nndc in 
 their hulbandry, taken at large, the grand .irtlelc h.u 
 been the prevcniing the iinpoititinii a c>':n from 
 abroad; high iliities at fiili, and then a piohihilion, 
 have in this inltance, bien attended with every efr'ecl 
 they could wi(h. liy quick degrees, thev intioduccd 
 the culture of wheat in many provinces, which b. fori 
 had never thought of fuch an article of cultiiaiion ; 
 and by taking proper mcafiircs for encour;ging tfic 
 peafants, the point li.is been fo thoroughly c...iied, 
 that Sweden at pielenr, raifis as much corn as i!ie 
 confumcs, and in fome years n;'-re ; fo that a unuil 
 exportation has tnkt n place more ih.iii luu c. 
 
 In thj debates thiit have aril' n at diir..rcnt times 
 among the memheis. of the legillature, on this point 
 of the advancement of huflunory, th.'-y h...-. h.d, 
 wh.1t may he called two pai lits i.uiong th-. in ; i lie v. ho 
 were tor cllab!:ihiiig many rules fi^r the [articuh.r iii- 
 flrinflion ot peaSints ; pieiii'mns for tii'ir ;;c>od con- 
 <lii.5t, for pidciiriiig gocd farmeis from o'h .r parts of 
 Europe, to ft example.-, all) the bt'f iinjilemci.ts 
 and breeds of cattle, with fome good woikir.cn for 
 draining of bogs, and bringing waftcs ...t.: eulture, 
 at the expcnce ot the legifl.tuu", by way ., .'hewing 
 in what nian;rr fuch woiks o;ii^ht to be- I'l.'ie. ()ii 
 the ci.ntrary, the other party (Ireiiuoiiily urged, 'I h;it 
 the I eci.tioii of all il.ile n'.inutc ideas woulu proM; 
 very e;:peii'^ve, and particuhirly Irom being obli i.d 
 to tfill 1i1i.:t. to many pi'plc, .o-.J aVn; ift without 
 crntroul. Tliat befuies this llr"iig oljeciion, tiie 
 e(tee't« leiiilwg could m t ''• 'a i_;'eat c; gcncial, biit 
 vr-uld be confined tofi.iall Ipot-, Ir.rii which it might 
 Ix- .1 centiiiy before they would i.aw'. over h.'lf the 
 kingdom; for this rcalon, th y projioled tg - tnit a!' 
 fuch atte.npts, ...dc.infiiu- tl.uii (elves tor.eneral laws, 
 which P ,. lid a(HiCt fhe whole kin;dom; luch, for 
 •iftance, as the prohi'iiti n of the importation of al! 
 I oieign comniodiiKi 'hat -ould be r.iil'.d at liom., 
 nd pirticularly corr , thai when ihis l.-.w had t.ikv , 
 I'll I Ifec'l, '.neli to g.ve the iinprmeinent of ano'her, 
 ort'ering bounties upon thcexpoitation oi'various foit.. 
 ot corn, ar. 1 other commoditic.., to iiifure a quick 
 f Ic 'It a good price, whicli would be of all other 
 n.eali res ihe moll likely to induce the jprmers to en- 
 large the culture of them. Oihcr peiieral laws flioulJ 
 aid) be bii'iight in aid, to eximpt the improvers of 
 walfc lands Irom all taxes, tithes and public charges 
 for lite. Alio to introduce l.alcs, in tiie tenures of 
 land-, of loii_; duration, with leveral other fciuniesof 
 inriri.igcnieiit that had rcfcicnce to the kingdom at 
 large. 
 
 The lej;i;l,iturc very wifely followed ivithrr of 
 tlicfe propulaU in cxcluliuii ot the other, but gr.ulu- 
 
 «1!/ 
 
 / 
 
 y 
 
1-. 
 
 ^^■^^i 
 
 »768.J 
 
 tftAVELS THROUGH SWEDEN. 
 
 M 
 
 I 
 
 u 
 
 illy took from both what appeared prudent and likely 
 to be cfflcaciouj., They prohibited the importation 
 of corn, upon the plan of one party ; and they at- 
 tended to the minutiz of agriculture, purfuant to 
 the ideas of the other. Some laws wcre,likcwifc 
 made concerning leafes, and improver! were ex- 
 empted from taxes ; but wiiethcr they will give a 
 bounty on exportation, is yet a qucftion. It is the 
 general opinion, that the plan \% not dropped, and 
 that the mcifure will be executed, whenever the quan- 
 tity ot corn at home fufficicntly reduces the price. 
 
 With regard to the military power of thc.SwedeS, 
 the change in the conllitution upon the death of 
 Charles XII. funk it entirely to the militia, except 
 a few guards for the king's perlbn ; the former is en- 
 tirely upon the old fyftcm ; they are maintained by 
 the farmers ; but the number which was once 60,000 
 men, is not at prelcnt more than 42,000 i however, 
 they are very well difciplined, and fufficient for the 
 detcnce of the kingdom againft any force that is 
 likely to march againll it. 
 
 Sweden has nothing to fear but from RulTia, and 
 whilft flie leaves the conquered provinces peaceably 
 in the hands of the Mufcovites, which undoubtedly 
 (he will do, there is not any danger of their diilurbing 
 her poflclfion of the remaimler. The fleet of Sweden 
 was once pretty coiifiJeiable, amounting to forty 
 good (hips of war j but it is much declined. They 
 could not fend out to fea 10 fail of the line in jEood 
 order, fn that their power i j not equal to that of Den- 
 mark by fea, nor that of Ruflta. 
 
 Thecullom of a jury of 12 men is (o ancient in 
 Sweden, that their writers pretend it had its original 
 among them, and was thence derived toother nations, 
 but at prcfent it is difufed every where, except only 
 in the lower courts in the country, and there the jury 
 men arc for life, and have falaries ; they have this 
 peculiarity to themfclves, that amongft them there 
 mull be an unanimous concurrence to determine a 
 caufc, which in other courts is done by a majority of 
 voicas. 
 
 Titles to eftates are rendered more fccure, and lefs 
 fubjeil to coiitrfts, by the regifters that are kept of 
 all falcs, and alienations, as well as of other engage- 
 ments of them i the purchafer running the harard of 
 having an after-bargain take place of his, if he omit 
 the recording of his tranfaclion in the p'-oper 
 court. 
 
 In criminal matters, where the faift is not very 
 evident, or where the judges are very favourable, the 
 defendant is admitted to pu-gc himfelf by oath, to 
 •vhith is oftentimes added the oath of fix or twelve 
 f.nermen, who are all vouchers of his integrity. 
 
 Trcafon, murder, double adultry, burning of 
 houfe< vitchcraft, and the like heinous crimes, arc 
 punifliv;ii with death, which is eaecuted by hanging of 
 hien, and beheading of women, to which burning 
 alive or dead, quartering and hanging in chains, is 
 fometimeS added, according to the nature of the 
 crime. 
 
 Learning is of no great antiquity in Sweden 5 it 
 is not 46c 'ears fince the introducnon of it j and 
 few monuments extant of a more ancient date, ex- 
 cepting infcriptions, rudely cut upon rocks, and un- 
 hewn ftoncs, which are every where found ; but as 
 they have no date, fo they feldom exprefs more than 
 the nam ,of perfons, of whom no other memory re- 
 mains ; that which makes them mod remarkable is, 
 th.'t they are writ in the ancient Gothic and Runic 
 t.iaradlcrs. 
 
 The mod curious piece r. learning among them, 
 is a tranllation of the E/angclifts into the Gothic 
 tongue, done about tv.'''l';e or thirteen yean ago, by 
 Ulphila, a bilhop Of the Goths in Thracia, ofwhich 
 they have the fole ancient manufcript copy that .{ 
 known in the world. Since the reformation, G if- 
 tavus Adolphus was the fitft great patron learning 
 hud ill this country, by whom the univerfitics that 
 had been much impaired, were endowed with tolerable 
 fal.iries for profeflbri ia moft fctcnces. Thefe his 
 V.I.. 1. No. 47, 
 
 daughter Chriftina fomething augmented, and by the 
 fame of her own learning, and tiie favourable recep- 
 tion (he gave to fcholars, drew fcvcral learned men 
 from abroad, that have left good proofs of their 
 abilities, and raifed an emulation in the natives, whofc 
 bcft performance is in the hiftory, antiquities, and an- 
 cient laws of the country. 
 
 The univerfity of Upfal confids of a chancellor, 
 who is always a great niiniller of liate ; a vice chan- 
 cellor, ^ways the urchbilhop ; a redtor, chofen out 
 of the profeflbrs, of whom there are about ao that 
 have each 150I. a year falary. The ordinary number 
 of lludcnts IS about Icvcn or eight hundred, Hfty of 
 whom are inaintaincl by the king, and fume few: 
 others were formerly by perfons of quality; the reft, 
 that cannot fubfift of tlicmfelves, fpend the vacatiuit 
 in gathering the charity of the diocefs they belong to, 
 which is commonly given them in corn, butter, dried 
 fifh, or fljft), ifc. upon which they fubftft at the uni- 
 verfity the reft of the year. They live not collcgiatcly, 
 but in private houfes, nor wear gowns, nor obferv« 
 other dilcipliiie, than what their own necelTity or dif- 
 pofition leads them to. 
 
 The other univerfity of Abo, in Finland, is con- 
 ftituted in the fimc manner, but lefs numerous itl 
 profcflors and ftudcnts. There was a thiid at Lun- 
 den in Schoncn, which having been interrupted by 
 late wars, is thought fit to be difcontinucd, becaiife 
 it^ neighbourhood to Denmark nourilheil in the ftu- 
 dents an afteiSion for that crown, to ivliich that 
 province formerly appertained j yet it is again rc- 
 ftored. 
 
 In each diocefs there is one frec-fchool, where boys 
 are fitted for the univerfity ; and other trivial fchools 
 to which children arc fent to learn to read, write, and 
 fiiig their prayers i a cultom fo univerfal, tliat very 
 few want this degree of education j and fuch as are 
 not defigncd for a life of ftudy, feldom go any far- 
 ther. 
 
 Public provifions for the poor, are very few; there 
 are not above five or fix hofpitals in the kingdom,' and 
 a little alnis-houfe in each parilh, maintained by the 
 charity of the inhabitants, to which they are for the 
 moft part very well difpofed, according to their abili- 
 ties. 
 
 Air. Wraxall in his tour through Europe, gives 
 us the following defcription of the prefent ftate of 
 Upfal. 
 
 " The Swedes (fays he) had infpircd me with fucli 
 exalted ideas of this univerfity, that I was only tear- 
 ful left a fingleday might be far ihadcquatc to fuch an 
 undertaking, and to have fpciit a longer time in fo 
 agreeable an occupation. I am however, at prefent, 
 moft completely undeceived, and ran afi'urc you that 
 Upfal has hardly one inducement to draw a man of 
 tafte to vifit it, unlefs from being the rerulence of 
 Linnius. This Lyceum of the north, has not one 
 piece of painting within its walls, and only two of 
 fculpturc, which are bufts of Guftavus Adolphus, 
 and Charles XI. A gentleman w.ho refides here, and 
 who is fon .of the late archbifliop of Upfal, did us 
 the honour of being our Ciceronic, and to conduit 
 us over the place. I enquired of him how many col- 
 leges there were, and which was the moft celebrated. 
 " Sir, (fays he) we have three; but I cannot fay 
 any of them deferves your notice. The principal ob- 
 jeiSs of attention are the library, the cathedral, and 
 the botanical garden. I know not of any thing 
 elfe." 
 
 The firft of thefe is a real prond building, and there 
 is a cabinet in it, atwh'-H, lor vant of a better em- 
 ployment, I fpent an h u. ortwc, while the librarian 
 fhewed me a number o ' ittlc ti nkets, rather than ra- 
 rities, which are prefei ired «ith great care. Among 
 thefe, is the identical hag which Judas kept one of 
 the thirty pieces of filver, money cpf which he received 
 for hii perfidy, in delivering up his maftcr; and a 
 pair of red flippers, in which the Viigin Mary paid a 
 vifit to her coufin Elizabeth. 1 muft do the man the 
 juftice to fay, that he blulbe^ as he (h«wcd them to 
 7 A mej^ 
 
 l5~- 
 
i4« 
 
 TRAVELS THROUGH SWEDEN^ 
 
 me i and I could not help telling him, that I thought 
 tlic univcrfity would noi do aniil's to IciiJ thcl'c preci- 
 ouj fclics to S(. J.inu.irius, or my Lady ot Lorctto, 
 who, it tluy arc not already pruvidid with others, 
 might probably be Iiiglily obliged by lb vuluablv an 
 acquifition. 
 
 " As to the cathedral, it is built of brick, and as 
 the two towers at the well end, lately wanted repair, 
 they have with great talh- added adoric architrave to 
 thele gothic walls, and placed (wo great domes of cop- 
 per on the top. It mult notwithllanding, be for ever 
 venerable, while the remains of Gultavus Valla, and 
 Chancellor Oxcnftierii repofe in it. The laft of thefe 
 great men, whole virtue and wifdom Sweden yet 
 reveres, rclls in an obfcure chapel, beneath a com- 
 mon Hone. Ho has no monument ereiiUd, or epitaph 
 infcribed to his memory } while a St. Eric, who was 
 a king and a devotee in fomc barbaroui age, is pre- 
 Icrved in a fhrinc of filver gilt, and placed on the right 
 hand of the high altar. 
 
 " There are at this time, as I am alTured, near 
 1500 fludonts in the univerfity of Upfal. They are 
 not however, young men of tainily and condition as 
 with us, but for the moil part miferabic poor, and 
 lodge five or fix toi^cther in wretched hovels amidft 
 dirt and penury. The profelTors in different branches 
 of literature are about twenty-two, the largell of 
 whofc falaries does not exceed one hundred and thirty 
 or forty pounds per annum, and art in general not 
 half that fum. 
 
 " On our firft arrival, the gentleman who accom- 
 panied mc, and who was intimately acquainted with 
 Liniixus, fent his compliments to fay, that he would 
 do himfjlf the honour to wait on him if agreeable 
 immediately, and would introduce at the fame time 
 an Englilh genilemaii, who had been induced to vifit 
 Upfal from ihe fame of fo great a man. He lent us 
 word in return, that he would pay us a vifit in the 
 afternoon, at three o'clock, when he had done dinner. 
 Ht eamc punctually at the hour marked, and after 
 ftayinjj; fume time, conduil'.ed us to the botanical par- 
 den, where hv fliew'cd us all his collcdlinn of plants, 
 Ihiubs and fl )uers, which .me vtry numerous, and 
 have b.'cn prclintcd to him from every part of the 
 globe. Ar the .loor, he took his leave, and quitted us. 
 
 This ce'.-brittcd botanift is now in the fixty-ninth 
 year of his a.a-. He is of a middle fi/,i', inclining to 
 Ihort, which i.. (lill incnafird by his ftooping prudi- 
 gioufly when he walks. H- was dreflld in a plain 
 blue fiiit of ci Mths, .md boDted, which is common 
 with the Swedes. Ar his button-hole hung the white 
 croli vf the order of the Pole Star, wliich was con- 
 ferred on him bv the late kinj; Adolphus, who admired 
 and honoured hirn. He enjoys a very eal'y indepen- 
 ilaii.e from his l.flary, and pupils in the univtiiityi 
 belides which, he is laid to be pofli ll'd of a conlider- 
 abie fortune .icquircd by his profclfion. He has a 
 country hoiii'i about five miles out r.l' t iwn, and keeps 
 his chariot. Hi-hasoncfon and four daughters alive; 
 but I do not fi:id thcv poficfs any of their father's 
 genius. At n eO'nt he ve'v larely attends the bot;'.ni- 
 cal pa;ties wli ih are made twice a week round Upl'al, 
 and are conduiStcu hv his Ion, who is botanical pro- 
 fefibr. Lini'xu- has been in England, France, and 
 Germany, Ina i|ieaks no languages except the Latin 
 and Swedilh ; in the former of which, he convcrfes 
 with perfed fauiay. His knowledge, 1 am alTured, 
 is by no means univcrfal, but confined almoft abfo- 
 lutely to natural hidory, in which it is unbounded. 
 His faculties are as y. t unimpaired, except his memory 
 which begins to fiiH'er fonie diminution." 
 
 Dilfbo (Kinds on a river near the Baltic, and has a 
 harbour that admits fhips of 200 tons burthen, but 
 yet there is hardly j'V trade at it : now and then a 
 vcflel comes for a hjaJ of t'inber, but it Is ieldom. 
 From thence to Hudwickfuald, is through a flat 
 country, pretty well cultivated, and the inhabitants 
 mucli more indiilirious. Here arc two or three lar^ic 
 houl'es furrounded by conliderable farms ; and 
 eentlcman's feats ; and the owners ..cm to carry 
 
 on a hulbandry equal to any in Sweden. Their 
 crops arc gincrally good ; and the produiSis rife, upi'ii 
 a medium of all lnrts, to three or fuurquaiuis pn 
 acre: their dw.irf luans are a f.'vourite nop here, thi^ 
 do not grow more than a lout iiigh. Ariiiiiial gr.iliii 
 arc very ranly fan in tins kingdom, and iluie is 
 certainly a reafon lor it j the great pleniy of \m1J 
 ground and nurihe , on which the pealant>de4)cnd for 
 the fuhlidcncc ot thiir cattle. 
 
 Hudwickfwald is txtf niely well fituuted for the 
 Baltic trade; the harbour is I'picious, fafe, and ad- 
 mits Ihipsof any burthen : there aie a few merchants 
 in the town that are rich. They have a tolerjbic 
 quay; moll of the II rvets are regular and clean, aii4 
 fome of them nektiy built. 
 
 Tuna Is about thirty-fix miles from Hudwi^krwald. 
 The country is various; parts of it m.nfh y, and 
 parts dry: a good deal of the latter is culavaied. 
 Many of the pe..f.in!s here p;'y di.ir r nt with )j..it 
 of the products if their l..nd, and lli.'.r laiulloid'a 
 ftcwards come in lluops from b;'i(.khulm at .1 ct;'t..iu 
 time of the year, to nreive ti u- pioduct.s; this is 
 reckoned here very adv..nta.;ious io i\\^ laijilii-ids, 
 for they have the corn, (<c. at a much lei's calcul.iitj 
 value than wh.t ihcy fell it f-'Pat S.ocklioliv., all ex- 
 pcnccs nckonid ; but at ,'11: lam.' tinu', the pi a' ami 
 like it better than being loiced to find the niLin;,, 
 which is very Karcc lire. They cultivate lupc 
 quantities of corn, ami many turnips .ind cari.t.-, 
 and have Ihe art of fatti ning oxen with thefe rinjis iii 
 winter, by boiling and marfhing iliem, ;'..d thci 
 mixing fome meal uf b.iiley or oais uiih thein ; witii 
 this food their oxrn and their hogs fatten very quicj. ly, 
 and they reckon, if the crop of roots is good, it pru\e» 
 in their w.iy of ufing it, one of the b<.il a farmer can 
 cultivate. 
 
 Una is one of the moft confidcr.ible to.Mis in V.'ift 
 Bothnia. It is fituate on a very fine Lirge livcr, vviii(h 
 falls into the Ciulf; there is a go< d harhour lor 
 (liips, and the place has a pretty brilk trade in tiinhcr, 
 iron, pitch, tar, &c. and having two or thuc nur- 
 chants of large property, to whom liviial lliips 
 belong, they carry on a trade here with HoUaiid and 
 England, loading out with the products of the coun- 
 tries around the Gulf, and bringing hi.ine a iircat 
 varietv of commodities, which they fell in all the ports 
 around ihcB.iltic, in Sweden, RiilTia, Li.onia, Puland, 
 Pruffia and Germany. It is of very t;r.Jt advantaL;c 
 to a town to be inhabited by a lew luch ext^ii le 
 traders, for the profits ccntic in it; thty en i)loy 
 thcii townOncn in their fliipping, and export much 
 more proiliifls than would be done if it were not foi 
 them. Thefe merchants alto niiicli enrich the place 
 by their fhip building ; for they have ncv.r lefs th.:n 
 three or four upon the lloeks at a tiuo ; thefe fliip* 
 they fell wherever they can get a ma ket, cargo anJ 
 all, which they often do to good advantage. 
 
 " p'roni hence palTing through a wild country, we 
 came to Tornco. Here they have fomc appearance <f 
 cultivation around their cottages ; hut it is only for 
 their own luhfillenccj there is enough however, to 
 (hew, that high as the latitude of this country is, (it 
 is about fixty-fix degrees) it would pro.luCL pUnf.- 
 fully for a numerous people; but it ii very thinly 
 inliabite.I. 
 
 " Through all the provinces of Sweden (fays our 
 author) that I have travelled, 1 am convinced that the 
 principal caufc of the country being fo thinly in- 
 habited, is the fm.-.ll number of fanners ■ thrib'lnj 
 o.ily ptafants, with land enough round their cott.igcs, 
 lor the fubfillcnce of the people within them. Many 
 of thefe little fpots belong to them; ;:nd none tf the 
 children of one will ever brook living in .1 '■•■ i:ie 
 manner than their fathers did ; wl. ch fcems ;o he a 
 prevalent idea amon,2;rt them : fo that a family in •'lij 
 fituation arc furc to leave but one reprelVntaiiv , an- 
 lefs fome gemkman builds cottages, and gives .jvay 
 his lands around them, which it may calil, be 
 imagined is not very com'non. This prevents 
 maf'fiaijes among the fons i for, as ihey canuot have 
 
 their 
 
«7r4-) 
 
 TRAVELS THROUGH SWEDEN. 
 
 flicir own cottage* ami lands, they live at home iin- 
 marrii'd, with tlic biuthcr who inherit : thus little 
 or no increalc hiijipens, iinlcf'S by mere actidents, 
 But if all thcli; pcariiits lived in hired cotta(;i'<, 
 without any lanil, and the country was cultivated by 
 great farmers, who could afford to pay them money 
 lor their labour, the farmers would grow ten timts 
 the produce which is now grown, and exjnrt all 
 that was not confunied i v%hich would bra enud.mt 
 motive to thcin to increafe their bulinefs, and cfeuUile 
 to fix their Tons in other farms. In the cafes of Knie 
 patriotic perfons, who have matle impriiveircnts in 
 hufbandry, and built houl'es, we found belore, that 
 (he people incrcafcdas fail as could bcwilhed. 
 
 •* Torneo Hands better than any other town on 
 the Gulf, for the trade of Lapland, Which is m t 
 inconfiderable in furs, lome of which are very 
 valuable. It lies near three confiderablc rivirs, 
 which (low through all Swtdilh Lapl.'iid, and opens 
 • fmall commerce with Norway und Mufcovite 
 Lapland ) to that at Torneo I found more Ihippiiig 
 than I had feen at any place I had lately bicn at on 
 this fea. Ships come from Stockholm hither, ladei. 
 wi'h all forts of iiccell.irics for thefc northein p:o- 
 vinccs, and cany thcii products back in r.turii, 
 Hence thf town is toler biy w. 11 built, the iUtets 
 bioad anc' ftraighs, rnd vt ry well paved, and Ibmc of 
 til.- merciiAnts, of which there are a ^reat number, 
 very rich. They build fliips and fit tluni out cm 
 tradinij voyages, and make every elliiri to en,|i'.i>v 
 their m n. j !'• a. it may bring in i;oud interell i b.it 
 wi;l. .11 th:ii '■■! I avfiuis, they are nut .ible lo inci'e;ilc 
 th trade of the plaee, further than what the fame men 
 would cany on at any oilur: which is owing lo 
 a want o> population and Wealth in the country 
 behind them i ii^ th -t ther are much limited in the 
 com nod: ies they export, and alio in the ijuantity uf 
 tliofr th y iinport. 
 
 Crvrannum, a little town on the coaft, which is 
 fubfilted chiefly by tinvng. Tlie inhabitants in the 
 molt northerly part.s ot the two IJothnia's, have a dif- 
 ferent app.arance from the Swedes in the fouthern 
 provinces of the kingdom : they arc Ids informed, of 
 afhoiior ll.iiure, and more irregular in th^ir drels, 
 m.iiy of them fewing together the (kins of foxes, and 
 other wild creatures whole furs are not of value, and 
 make their cloathing in a much rougher and more 
 ordinary manner ; nor are they lo intelligent or com- 
 prchenhve j but they arc a very limple and harmlcfs 
 people, appear to be very humane ; moft of them are 
 exceedingly refpeClful and civil. Their ordinary fa- 
 lutation is not bowing, like the Swedes in other parts, 
 thcfe countrymen take hold of your right hand, and 
 lay it over their left, making ilrange faces at the fame 
 time. 
 
 The next town of the leaft confequcnce, is Salo, 
 which carries on a very fmall trade, about eighty 
 miles diftant from hence. 
 
 Nicarlby is a place of no great confidcration, It 
 was once a town that carriciT on a great trade ; but 
 when the Riiflians over-run the province, they burnt 
 it to the ground, and quite ruined fevcral of the 
 greateft merchants in it ; fince which it has never re- 
 covered its trade, the commerce at prefent carriid on 
 here not being at all confiderablc. It is not however, 
 badly built, and the ftreets are regular. The church 
 is I'mall, but very neat. They have a trifling manu- 
 faiftute of very coarfe woollen goods, for the fupply of 
 the neighbouring country ; but it does not feem to bS 
 in a flourifhinglituation. 
 
 Vcro, is another little town on the Gulf, with an 
 exceeding good port, and a tolerably built quay, 
 which is the only goud ftrect in the town. There is 
 a little trade upon the coaft, and to .Stocl^holm, which 
 confifts chiefly in timber. Thci'2 are not above fevcn 
 or eight hundred fouls in the place, and it appears to 
 be but a poor one. 
 
 WafTay, is a place of greater note, it has more 
 trade, and feveral merchants, tolerably wealthy, 
 inhabit it. who have Ihips of their own, in wliich 
 
 they export l.npe quantities of tiniher : hut they w.iiit 
 a home deiii;ini", lu lu.id their vedi.s biiek Dj;:.i'i, for 
 the country beluiMl liie town ii one eonliniud tciiU, 
 without an) cultiv.iled fpots or vili 'jc, . iid r'.ichcs 
 lioni hence quie to the whilf ( .', through feveral 
 Kiiiri.in provinces, i,t the ililtinc ol i.eiir roo miles, 
 iiid lc.:icely any iiili.ihit.mt- ti h': fi;und all the wiiy. 
 
 Ol the revolution at Siocklx.lm, uliiih f'.:ipii!cd 
 all me world, wc I. ive the lul_K". 'in' account. 
 
 *' Thi O|>preflion (;.iys our ,i.,i*inr) oi' ihccon- 
 eluding )i.ai. <if the reign of C.'ii'rI.s Xil. w m Inch, 
 
 that on his death in 1718, the II. 'cs rjbl filter 
 
 Ulrica Elionora, prevu ir. fo her ;ifi-'....!ii,y tli tl^ ct'C, 
 10 renuiiiicc i.ll heredita.-/ iiglt o< ai-lo'ui.i ,'"iver, 
 and to hold ilic crown nuiely by tleei've Ki'i.nt. 
 She rcfigned even th- . limited foveriijiiiiiy I'.m ).ar» 
 after, into the h .;.i'', (it her hutb.ir.d tli'- I'riiUc of 
 Hille, who died in tiy yiar lysi. He h d ihe lefo- 
 lution of a br.i' e ind ictive kin;% ;n<; n h j.inM liy 
 apprehiiidcd, w.iulil have •cpclielli' I h";>.'elf rf fiiat 
 p.iuer which hi'- i,ul?rn Im! bri 11 i,( |.m,' d f-f, if his 
 wa:it of child'iii had not i;:..de hin. iaci.tt •.■. la to art 
 :'itjii;.''itioii, which he could nor traniniit to nia 
 dell endants. 
 
 •' Adolpliu', the late fovcrcipn, 'v.^s a weak nr.'W, 
 and uiuler him tin- (!eii-..'cr.itii a' auth'"t) .iitain-d m 
 utiiiolt jui ;ht. 'I he ro/.\l r. venue wns Mtv in .dr- 
 iiuate to his dignity, and iiis weij;!;: in thi; I'calc of 
 gov( rniiirm inconlideiahle and di!,ii(i.d. 
 
 " Intn;- htuation, Gull vus Hi. liicee.'de.l lotl;? 
 crown. lie [/olV' If d the fun- .idvaiitaKeover lii> twd 
 inniiedia'e prcl^c If'rs, wlixn Ivs pre(i./it M j ity 
 Cicorye 111. ot England, did rver ii«, in his ace;- 
 1m" ; that lie w.X', born in ther-iinir>- ov'i whi.li 'io 
 rei;;iied, ai'..l fpoke the langi;a^i peiln'l,. 'Ihe 
 Swi.de-, who fincc the yejr 1720, hiul I in only 
 foreigners on the throne, were charmed to h:ue once 
 (norc a king from among theml'elves j their i;iy wai 
 demoiiHrated by their behaviour, and medals were 
 (Iruek upon the orcafion. 
 
 " On the 19th of Augijd, 1772, this extraftr- 
 dinary event was produced, which again reftored to 
 the crown thofc prerogatives (he had loft lor more 
 tl.an half a century. The king's fecreey, addrefs, 
 and dilTimulation in fo dangerous and criticaf a junc- 
 ture, far furpailed what might have been expected 
 from his age. It is faid only five perfons in the king- 
 dom were cntrulted with the defi^n, which was car- 
 ried into execution with as much vi.;our, as it had 
 been planned with fagacity and judgment. The fol- 
 diery and the people, were fucceffiveiy gained by 
 the eloquence with which the young king addreffed 
 thrm, who plainly evinced the vaft importance of 
 this quality in popular commotions, and public afl'airs. 
 Very few perfons were imprifoned, and that only for 
 a (hor' time ; nor have any of them experienced, in 
 the fmalleft degree, any diminution of t\u royal favour 
 on account of their oppolition. The fenate took a 
 new oath of allegiance to the prince, and tranquillity 
 uas reftored throughout the kingdom. 
 
 " It is however, difficult to lay, what limits are 
 exadlly fixed to the government, or how far they may 
 be enlarged and infringed,' particularly under a prince 
 who has already fucceeded in his firft enterprize, and 
 certainly pofl'cft'ed in an eminent degree, many of 
 thefe qualifications and talents, which have a pro- 
 digious ertViit on the niiillitude. He is aftahle in his 
 manners and converfation to condefcenfion, and often 
 makes unexpeiiled vifiis to perfons of intuior rank* 
 where he behaves with iin eale and politemfs wKieli 
 muft inlallibly render him beloved. Hi. infpcflsevei v 
 department of ftatc in his own perfon, and tliem(i.n.ft 
 lubjedls may prefent his grievances without feor of 
 repulfe. His foldiery adore him, and the peculiar 
 attention he jtays to their dilcipline, the continual 
 reviews he makes of his regiments in ilifterent parts 
 of his dominions, his dildii'ii of fati^ui , and un- 
 doubted perfonal courage, may probably nndir Sw«- 
 di,n I'ome years hence, nioie iniportani m 'he (c^ile of 
 Europe, than (he has been lince Charles's d.ath. 
 
 Very 
 
TRAVELS THROUGH VORXVAV. 
 
 
 
 Very large reviews are intended in Scania, and in 
 Fi'il.ind ) great military (lores are continually laid 
 up, and every thing has the appearance of I'orccafll 
 ind dciign. Unable to reward thole ofKi ers who ad- 
 hered particularly to him at the revolution, with 
 pentions or pecuniary emoluments, he has found 
 tacitns to attach them by ribbons and ftars, which he 
 dilhibuted without parnmony, and which are equally 
 Cff°e£tual, without draining an cxhaultcd treafury. 
 Ne has lilcewife founded a new order of knighthood, 
 known by the name of Vafa, diTigned f»r men of 
 merit in every (lation, and which is con(erred, with- 
 out the Icaft attention to birth or diftin^tion, on every 
 man who drfcrvcs well of his country. He is nUhe 
 An all occaAons, more commonly on hurfebnck than 
 fn a carriage, and has rarely any the parade of royalty. 
 In his pcrfon he is rather low, and inclined to thin- 
 nefs. His face is not handfome, and what is fingular, 
 6ne(*idc of it does not rcfemble the other, his features 
 being a little diOorted : an accident which probably 
 happentd in the birth. 
 
 *• Tho Swedes univcr'fally lament that he has no 
 children by the (|uecn ; and it is on this account that 
 his next brother Prince Charles is now married, in 
 hopes of an heir to the throne. The king is laid not 
 to be of anamourous complexion, or attached to wo- 
 men," 
 
 Notwichllanding the cold climate in which Sweden 
 
 ri;:4. 
 
 is fituatc, as fomc improvcmenti have !>: ?« Kroiipl'i 
 to bear, fo likcwife many others might yet bciiiauy .,t 
 agriculture, as well as in commerce. 1'here are cer- 
 tainly v.ill (r.iiHi of wafto land cap.ihle of inipr<jve. 
 ment. l)ut the greatell mifchief is that in many plaits 
 the l.ind, which was drained of its inhabitants to flip, 
 ply Charles Vlf, with fuUliers, (Ml remain dilulaie, 
 to the great diladvantair of the (f.itc. 
 
 'I lie copper money iif that prime cnii(ijt«ti:s (lis 
 chief currency. His (ii.T,iii>us dDJlars now p.ifs Cur 
 fomewhat mure than half a fj^thiiiL' e.ich. bilvu m 
 fcarce, and gnld hardly tube feen in loinini/n circula- 
 tion. Paper money is the only fubdiiute foi ni; dc- 
 feil J and they have bank note:, pafling in nuiiiy piivj 
 of Sweden, not excecdinjj one (hilling and t';x-pi.nca 
 value. 
 
 All thrle howfvcr, src dcfcJ^s, which it may not 
 be impollibic for a wife government to remedy. The 
 Swedes are a penple not devoid of emul.iliun ; nor is 
 ll.is emulation con(incd only to military atehicvmentj. 
 Tlio' there is t\ot a country where the finer arts can 
 be expeiSted to (jouiirti, as in the moie genial climate 
 of Italy, yet fiieh as arc neceilary to the wcll-biing 
 of a (tatc, would thrive with proper ruhivation. It 
 remains to be fceii whether Gullavus III, and'his fuc- 
 celTors will render this nation of heroes happy within 
 themfclvcs, and rcfpcclablc in the eyes of Eu- 
 rope. 
 
 TRAVELS THROUGH N O x\ W A Y. 
 
 With a Dcfcriptibn oF the Country, by Erick Pontotpidon, Bifliop of Bergem. 
 
 NORWAV Is ntJW an appendage fo the crown 
 of Denmark; but beingconfidered as a feparate 
 domain, and its natural hiftory furnifl.ing many ob- 
 
 i'etls woitby the attention of the curiotis reader, we 
 'avc judged it nccclFary to give a particular cltrcrip- 
 tion of the country, as fcleeted from the belt autho- 
 rities. 
 
 The Norwegians, like the .Swedes, were famous 
 ef old for their valour j and from thcfe rugged regions 
 proceeded the Nordmans, (i. e. Nor'.h-Mcn} or 
 North Met:, who over-ran fo great a part of Eu- 
 rope. They have had their heroic chiefs and princes, 
 equally famed for piety and arms, 'of whom they 
 boaft to thi: day, though now become fubjeiti to a 
 foreign dominion. 
 
 Norway ftretches along a fea cor.ft, to the weft- 
 varJ of which are innumerable littic idands and rocks, 
 feme indeed are no lefs than >iine leaguss over, but 
 the greater part are fo fmall as to be only inhabited 
 by filhermen or pilots ; fo that Norway is defended 
 by a rampart which confills perhaps of more than a 
 million of flone c ^lumns that have their bates at the 
 bottom of the fea, and their capitals a few fathoms 
 only above the furfate. Amongd thcfe rocks there 
 arc good harbours, but they are of diillcult and dan- 
 gerous acccfs ( particularly to large Ihips without 
 oars } but to prevent accidents as much as pofliblcy 
 the government has caufird many hundreds of large 
 iron rings to be fixed to thefe rocks, as moorings for 
 ihips, where there is not room for anchoring. 
 
 Befldes the ebb of flood in the ica of Norway, 
 there is a current or eddy called Maleftrom, or Mof- 
 fcoeftrom. This ftream derives its name from Maf- 
 koe, an illand lying between the mountain Hcdeggen, 
 in Ivofoden, and the ifland Ver, which arc about one 
 league didant, and the ftreaiU' makes its way bttween 
 7 
 
 the ifland and coaft on each fide. Befweeil Lofsden 
 and Mollcoe it is near 400 fathoms deep ; but between 
 Ver »n(l Mofkou it is fo fhallow, that not even a 
 fmall (hip can pafs it. 
 
 When it is flood, the ftream runs up the country 
 between Molkoc and I.nfoden, with prodigious rapi- 
 dity J and when the tide ebbs, returns to the fea with 
 more noifc and violence than that of the loiulelt c.i- 
 taraits. It is heard at the diftance of many league*, 
 and forms a vortex or whirlpool of great extent anrf 
 depth, fo violent, that if a ihip comes nc.ir it, it i^ 
 inftantly, and irrefiftably drawn into the whirl, and 
 difappears, being in a moment carried to the bottom, 
 where it is dafhed to picres againft the rocks'; aiuljult 
 at the turn of ebb and flood, when the water becomes 
 ftill for about a quarter of an hour, it rifcs again in 
 fcattc-id fragments, fcarccly to be known for the part,* 
 of a (hip. When agitated by a ftorm, it has re:ichej 
 ve.lelsat the dil^ance of more than live miles, where 
 the crews h^ve thought thcmtcives in perfect fecu- 
 rity. 
 
 Even anJmaLs, when they have come too netir the 
 vortex,- have exprefTed the utmoft terror on finding 
 the ftream irrefiftable. Whales are frequently car- 
 ried a way, and the moment they feel (he force of the 
 water, they ftruggle again(f it with all their mightj 
 howling and bellowing in a fi'ightftil man;icr. 'I'hc 
 like happens often to bears, who attempt to fwim to> 
 thf ifland to prey upon the (hecp. 
 
 The large ffcms of (irs and pines, rife a,j^ain fo 
 (hivercd and fplintered, that the pieces look as if co- 
 vered with briftles. The whole phenomena aie the 
 eft'edfs of the violence of the daily ebb and flood, oc- 
 cafioned by the contraAion of the ftream in its courfc 
 between the rocks. 
 
 In the fummer nights the horrifon, when unclouded. 
 
1759} 
 
 tfe/VVELS THROUGH NORWAV. 
 
 Hi 
 
 U fit clrar anil luminous, th.it pcrfon* c:in fi-c to diull 
 kiiuls 01 work ut miJiiij, In, .is in llic >hiy tiiiio i uliil in 
 the cxireinily of this ii.iimry |in»ar(i» ihc ill;in«U o( 
 Kniniiirlc, thefuti i» (DiulMiiiilly u\ view .n ilu' iiiMIl ol 
 fumincr, mid is obltrvid tocitculjlc <liv ami Mij;lit 
 round the north pule. On ihcothrr li:inil, in thi- ilipih 
 of winter the (un i« iiivifibU' lor lima wetk* i .ill tin- 
 light ptrcnvtJ lit noon, liniig a l.iiiii i;lininurin(;, 
 ihat conlimif* about an hour .ml ;iii liiK i which, .n 
 the fun never appclrs ahovi: the hurnliMi, thieHv pio- 
 i'ccdi from the rill ^mii of the r;iys on the hiL;lKll 
 mountains, whole luminim are fi''n more clo.iily lh;in 
 any other ohjedt*. but exclufivi of the moon-lhiiie, 
 which bv the reflexion from the niount.iin«, ii ixertd- 
 ingly bright in the v.ill'y, the people receive con- 
 liderablc refl.'xioii from the Aiinn.i Ijori.ilis, or Nor- 
 thern Lifihts, which often :ilford> them as much lijht 
 as is ncceilary for the difpaUh of their common hu- 
 finefs. 
 
 'l"hc winter on the caft of Norw.iy gencr.dly eoiii- 
 mcnces about the middle of Oct' bir, .111. 1 tontiiiiii'^ 
 till the middle ot April. The waters are miiteihl 
 to a thick ice, and iIk iiioiint.iins ami v;il!ie5 are co- 
 vered with liiow J this liuwe.er is of tutli iiii|inii,imi 
 to the welfare of thecountry, that In a miKI wiiitii , 
 tlic peafants who live amonij the nKiuiiiaiii-, .lecoii- 
 fider^ible fiiftirers ; for without levere ftoft .iiiJ fmm', 
 they can neither convey the limb r tiny have lelled to 
 the rivers, nor carry their corn, butter, furs, and 
 otlr--i commodities, in their llidj;c«, to the ra;irket- 
 toAiisj for fuch is the power of the froll in ihole 
 northern regions, that tiic Urjjcd rivets', with ihi.i: 
 toariiu;c itariids, are arielled 111 tliiir cmiifc, ;iiul tin 
 very fpittle is no Iboner out of the mouth tliiui it is 
 inllaiitly conj!;calfd, and rolls along the ground like 
 hail. Their extenlive foiclh atfbrd tlicni plenty ol 
 timber for building and for fuel. The furs ;iik1 (kin- 
 of wild bealts, ind the wool of the i:iei'p, fiiinilh 
 them with coverings for their b^iis, and wmiiii lining 
 for their cloaths. They are fup,ilitd with valt quan- 
 tities of down and feathers, by innumerable flights of 
 wild fowl. I'he mountains fervc lor fences againft 
 the north and eaft winds, and they are well flieltereii 
 by their caverns. While the winter thus ra^es on the 
 cart fide of Norway, the lakes and bays on the well 
 iiile are kept open by the warm exhalations of the 
 ocean, though lying in a direct line with the callern 
 parts ( and the frofts are feldom known to lad above a 
 fortnight or three weeks. 
 
 In general, the air is pure .iinl healthy, but in par- 
 ticular in the middle of the country about the moun- 
 tains, where the inhabitants are almoll flrangers to 
 ficknefs. There are no phyficians but in the princi- 
 pal towns, where they have a public lalary ; but even 
 there they have but a fmall (hare of employment. 
 
 All the eaftern coaft of this country is fo fiibjcft to 
 frequent rains, that the women, when they go abroad, 
 wear a woollen, or filken black veil over their heads, 
 Bnd the men defend tliemfelves by a kind of rain hats, 
 Ibnirthinj in the ftiapc of umbrellas. 
 
 There arc in Norway a prodigious number of 
 mountains, foinc of which are fcattercd about, and 
 furroundcd by a level country, while others extend in 
 a long chain from north to feuth. 'Ihis chain is faid 
 at Icalt to equal the Alps in height, and abounds with 
 frightful caverns of amaying extent. 
 
 " The inhabitants of Inch a mountainous country 
 (fays our author) may be faid to labour under many 
 Oiore inconveniences than others : thus arable ground 
 is here but little better in comparifon w ith the walks 
 andtlefaits, fo that the people arc obliged to procure 
 Acre than half their fubfilk-ncc from the li:a : the 
 • illages are fmall, and the houfes fcattcred amoiij'thc 
 vallicn ; but in foinc places the peafants houfes (taiul 
 U> high, and on the edge of llcep precipices, that lad- 
 ders are fixed to climb up to them ; fo that when a 
 clergyman is lent for, who is uiipraililed in the road, 
 he rilques his life in afceiulin;; them, cfpecially in 
 winter, when the ways are (lippery. In futh places 
 the bodies of the dead mud be let down with ropes. 
 
 Vol. I. No. 47. 
 
 or be broii;.;ht on men's b.uks hi fore tliey are laid in 
 a colKn ) aiid.itloiiK dillamc Ii<>im Bcigeii, ll>e mail 
 mult iiktAile in winter be drawn uvei the It.epcll: 
 mount. Mils. 
 
 " C.)ne (f the principal inconvcniriiceli, cfp- ci.lly 
 tolr.1 .elU rs, iiiilii I r 0111 the ro.ids : they cm not with- 
 out tciii'i, p.i s KVirai plaeo, even in the King'i 
 ru.id, imr ih' fides of Itei p anil eia^cy mountain'^ 
 on M.iys that .ur either liiored up, 01 liilpuideJ by 
 iron li'lts, hxe . Ill the nii/unta.ii«, ali.. ih >u^h not 
 r.buve the breadth of a lout-puth, li.ive no raiU on the 
 tide. 
 
 '« If two ttatellrrt were to meet thtrr in the nii^hr, 
 and not fe c.ieh other foon enough lo lU/p wl.ere (liu 
 road will lulfer them to p.iS, it .'ppears to nil, as it 
 does tootheis wh'jm 1 h.ive cunlulted, that iiry u uft 
 llop (hort, wiihoui bniip able to pifs each oth.r, or 
 to hnd a turning foi tin r hitfo, 01 even to .il,jlit. 
 The only relouice I can iiiia,;int in this 1: llitulty i«, 
 tliat one mult endiavoiir to cling to fon.e clui ol thit 
 lleip mouniain, or it hel|) be at liar.,', fob .rawn 
 i<p Ny a lopt , and then tliiow hii hoil' !i'.;iilloi\ down 
 a tu>:iriidi'Us jirecipice, in or^er to make room lurthe 
 utlirr travellir to p.il-. 
 
 " Another tvii leliillii;] from il.e moiinr.ins, it 
 tlic (heller they afi nd in the • caieri' anil c! fis to 
 ihe wild hearts, wlueh .ndeis it ililii iiI, lotxiirpalo 
 thein. I,. !■; luit 1 .1 y .0 d leiibe the liavo' k ii:a e hy 
 the h lives, fo.\i «, Dear^, iiid il|.ic:..lly wclvt', among 
 tile eaille, ..11. 1 other ul- liil .uiimals, 
 
 *' It oitiii hapj. 11- viiai tlieiuws, (hiep, and goati 
 NlU'i j;iiig to the ;'ea(.:nts lal' down the precipiscs, and 
 aie dillr iviJ. ,Soiin times iliey m ikc a falfe ftep in'o 
 a projciition culled Mountain-hammer, where they 
 can neither jfrend nor deleend j on this ocealion, a 
 peafant chearlully vcnluies his life for a (Imp or a 
 goat, and defcendin^j from the top of a mountain by 
 a rope of fomc hundred fathonjs in length, he (lings 
 his bidy on a crofs llick, till he can get his foot on 
 the place where the goat is, when he fallens it to the 
 rope to be drawn up along with himfelf : but the mod 
 amazing circumltance is, that he runs this rifque 
 with the help of only aftngle pcrfon, who holds the end 
 of the rope, or fadcns it to a (tone if there be one at 
 hand. There arc indances of the a(riflant himfelf 
 having been dr.igged down, and facrificing his life 
 from hdelity to his friend, on which both have peri(h- 
 cd. On thefe melancholy accidents, when a man or 
 bead falls fome hundred fathoms down the precipices, 
 it is obferved, that the air prcdes with fuch force 
 againd their bodies thus falling, that they are not 
 onlydeprivcd of life long before they reach the ground, 
 but their bellies burd, and their entrails gu(h out, 
 which is plainly the cafe whenever they fall into deep 
 water. 
 
 " A great chaiu,of thefe mountains fervcs as a bar- 
 rier between Norway and Sweden, and are excellent 
 natural fortreflcs for the defence of thole dates : be- 
 lides, theft mountains exhibit the mod delightful 
 profpeflsj nature has here been mod profufely favour- 
 able in adding greater beauties to the fituation of cot- 
 tages and farnj-houles, than can be enjoyed by royal 
 palaces in other countries, though alTilted with all 
 the varieties of groves, terraces, canals, and cafcades. 
 A predeceflbr of mine is faid to have given the name of 
 the northern Italy to the didrid of Waas, which lies 
 fomc leagues to the cad of Bergen ; and certainly there 
 cannot be a more enchanting profpcft. All the build- 
 inps in it are the church, the parfanage, and a few 
 farn. houfes, fcattercd on dift'erent eminences. The 
 feautyof the place is much heightened by two uni- 
 form mountains, gradually rifing to a vad height, 
 between which runs a valley near half a league iit 
 breadth, and a river, wliich in fomc places partici- 
 pates Itfelf down the rocks in foaming catara^s, and 
 at others fpreads itfelf into fmal! lakes. On both 
 fides it is bordered with the (ined meadows, inter- 
 mingled with little thickets, and by the eafy declivi- 
 ties of the verdent mountains, covered with fruitful 
 (ields, and farm-heufcs, ftanding above each other 
 7 B in 
 
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 C'75'> 
 
 in afucCffliMi nf liiitnra! t< rraccs. Between thcfc a 
 llalfly fori If ('nil nl5 itUlf to tlic view, aiiil tuyiiml 
 th.it, the fiiirmils of the n\oiintain'i f nvf red with pcr- 
 |ii:tii.il liiow; ail! llill lityiiii'J tliiiiV ten or tvvilvc 
 flriiinis ititiini; liom the liiow ni(<iinl.iiii«, foini an 
 igriTahIc ccn.ialf 'ii thiii iTKaniki>; aluii'^ tlic lilni.m- 
 iiig li'Usoi tlic lull, (ill lliey iulc thiinlclvc!! in the 
 rivers beniaih. 
 
 " Kiotii the m.inv fpriii;;' ifuiincr fri'in the (ncmn- 
 t:iins, antl llie valt ninllls oi Inotv ;xciiiiiiilatrJ i>ii 
 their fiin)nii;«, wlicnee, in (iininur tlu v gently 
 diirnlve, are lonr.til iraiiy ei'ni'uler.'hle riwrs, tlie 
 largcrt of whiih, is the Cjleaimn, or tili.niinen j hut 
 none of thctn are Havii;ahle fir uji the coiintrv, the 
 pallagc hciiij; every where interrupted |iv nieks aiul 
 cataract'. 1 he hrulges over them arc im wh.ri, that 
 I rcrn^niher, walk'J, hut nurelv foinud of liinlier 
 cafes tilled wich Honc^, which liives lor piers, on 
 which the timbers .'ire laid. I'iie laiijeft bridpe wf 
 this kind, is a th -iif.iml paces in length, anl has 
 iorty-thrce Itonc calcs. In ni inv places, where the 
 nariinvnel's and rapiuity of tlie ctirrent will not admit 
 of finkinp; lloiie lM:^, thick malU are laid on eatli 
 lldc on tlie fhorr, wiili the tliickelt end lalltned to 
 the rocks i one niafV l.cing thus laid in the water, 
 another is placed iii/ui\ it, ieachin!»a fathom beyond it, 
 and then a th^rd or fourth, in the like manner to the 
 inidiilc of the llreani, where it is joined bv other con- 
 ncclcd malts Irom ihcoppolitc Tide. 'I hiis in paniiitr 
 over tlu- bridge, el'p'ciallv in the middle, it feems to 
 fwin;:, which to thole who arcnot uli-d to tlicle bridges 
 appear (o danjerous, that they alight from their liurks, 
 till they imas^ine th' inlelves late. 
 
 " Whithin the bowels of lomc of the mountains, 
 arc the molt beautitiil kinds of marble: the moun- 
 tains alio contain that lurprifiiitT lubllancc calleil the 
 magnet, <ir load-lloiie, in Inch quantities, that Ibine 
 tons of It havi; boon exported. 'I'iiey likcwile yield 
 the amianthus, or i'.lbcllos, of wliich iiicopibutlible 
 linen or paper have been made." 
 
 ']"his country formerly produced gold, but the cx- 
 pence of \/orkinp the mints, and I'eparaling the j;old 
 from the ore being Cfattr than the profit, they have 
 been neglec'l.d. J'herc arc however, filvcr mines of 
 great valuo, which attjrj eniployinent to fevcral thou- 
 land pcrfons. I'he copper mines are likcwile ex- 
 tremely rich, niiJ employ vaft iiunibers. Iron is alio 
 one of the molt prolitable projucts of Norway ; there 
 arc likevvife fonie lead iniiit^, but nunc of titlur tin 
 or (]u;cklilver. 
 
 The foil produc"s whtat, rve, bailey, white, giey 
 and green peas ; vetches, uud as proviiuler for hoili-s j 
 hops, flax, and hemp, many kinds of roots and greens 
 for the kitchen, with a coiifiderable number of hardv 
 flowers. Several Ions of plii.nbs attain to i tialcruble 
 ripenefs, which ran very leidoni be l;iiil of jieaches, 
 apricots or grapes. However, applos and pears ot 
 feveral kinds are found all over the country ; but the 
 greatcft part of thefc aie lumnitr fiuits, which ripen 
 cirly j for th.; winter fruit leldom comes to any per- 
 fc£iloii, unlets the luinmrr proves hotter, and the 
 winter lets in later than ul'ual. But tlio' with rel'pecl 
 to fruit trees, Norway mult be acknowled;.;ed inferior 
 to moft countries in Kurope, yet this deticicncy is li- 
 berally compen fated in the blelliniTS of incxhauftible 
 torcfts ; fo that in molt pro»inces, imnienfc l'uin» are 
 received fiom foreigners for malts, beams, planks, 
 boards, &c. not to mention the home conl'uinpiion 
 for houfes entirely built of wood, Uups and bridges: 
 and the amaiing" number of I'oundcries, require an 
 ininrnre quanntv of charcoal, in the full jn of metals, 
 bcfides the dc iKind for luel and other donieflic ul'ci i 
 to which mutt be added, thit in many places the 
 woods are felled only to clear the ground and be 
 burnt, the alhcs iVrving for manure. 
 
 The Norwegian horl'js, are better for riding 
 than drawiii'.', their w..lk is eafy, th-y are full of 
 Ipirit, and a're vuv fu re footed. When they mount 
 or delcend a lleep ciilf on ftones like (teps, they firit 
 ftad iicntly with one fjot, to try if the lioiie they 
 
 touch be fart, niul in this they murt be I'-lt U> them • 
 (elves, (r the bill rider will run the rilqiic of hii 
 III ck, but whi 11 they are to go down a very Itcrp anil 
 flip|n-ry place, ihfy, in .t lurprilinij manner • draw 
 their hind legs together under tliim, and Aide dov\r. 
 I'licy (liew a gnat deal of coura;'e in tivriiting with 
 wolves or lic.irs, wIihIi ihey arc olien obliged to do, 
 lor when the horfe perceives one of them near hiili, 
 ;oid has a mare <;r [H Uliiig with hini, he places them 
 beliiiid him, attacks his anlaronilt by Itiiking at him 
 v.ishhii fore-legs, and iifually ronies rft coiKiufrcri 
 rt he t'l.ns about to kick with his hind legs, he is 
 iiiiiuilj f.ir the bear who has double his ltreng(b, 
 iiiltaiitly leaps on his back, while the poor horfe 
 :• Hops, on, untill he dn-ps down through Inls of 
 liloi.J. The Norway cows Hie generally of a yellov/ 
 colour, (as are alio their hortisj they aic (nail, lut 
 their tklh is tine graintd, juicv, anJ well larted, T he 
 il.eep hcie.Tie liiiall, and refemble tliofe of Denmark. 
 Ciic go.Us in ni.iiiy places run wild in winter and 
 liimiiier in the fitlds, till they arc ten or twelve yean 
 o'll ; and when the pcafant who owns them piopofe* 
 u> catch them, he mult do it by lomc inare, or (hoot 
 iliem. Ihey are lo bold, th.it if a wolf approaches 
 ihem, they ll.iy to receive him, and if they have dogs 
 'viih them, they will relitt a whole herd. 'Ihey fre- 
 quently attack the fnakes, and when they arc bit by 
 th<ni, not only kill their antagonills but eat th.m, 
 aliei which, they arc never known to die of the bite, 
 though tiny are ill for feveral days. 'I"hc owner 
 warms ihcirown milk, and wafhes tlie fore with it. 
 
 There is a flat and naked field, near Rotiad, on 
 which no vegetables will grow, the foil is almofl 
 .vliite, uitligrcy Uripes, and has fomewhat of fo pe- 
 culiarly poiloiKius a nature, that though nil other 
 aninids may litfL-lv pal- over it, a goat or kid nofuoncr 
 lets his feet upon it, than it drops down, Itretchcs 
 out its legs, its tongue hangs out of its mouth, and 
 it expires, if it has not indant help. There are few 
 hogs in Norway, and not maiiv of the common deer, 
 but th6 hares, which in the cold f;afon change from 
 biown to grey or I'now white, are very cheap in win- 
 ter. Here are alio in fomc parts of this country, 
 elks, but they arc not numerous. The rein-deer, 
 however run v/ilJ in herds, and are fliot for food by 
 the inhabitants. Thele animals contlitute the grcateft, 
 and almoft the only riches of the Laplanders, who live 
 upon the milk, the cheel'c they make of it, and on the 
 llelli. I hey make their clo.'ithii.g, tents, and bed 
 coveiing ot their (J;ins, and of their tendons they 
 make their fewing thrrad. 'J'hetc arc vart numbers 
 of them in I'inland, bcth wild and tame, and many a 
 man has thirc from fix or eight hundred to a thoufand, 
 of tiiel'e ul'eful creatures, which never come under 
 cover. They follow him wherever he is pleafed to 
 raii.blc, and when they arc put to a fledge, tranfport 
 his goods from one place to another. They provide 
 lor thcnilelves, and live chiefly on mofs, and on the 
 buds and leaves of trees. They fupport ihenifelvc^ 
 on very little iiourilhnient, and are neat, dean, and 
 enteitaining creatures. It is remarkable, that when 
 tlie rein-deer fheds his horns, and others rife in their 
 iliad, they appear at firlt covered with a ikin ; and 
 till they arc of a lingers length, are to loft, that they 
 may be cut with a knife like a fafauge, and arc deli- 
 cate eating, even raw; therefore the huiitlinen, when 
 far out in the country, and pinched lor want of food, 
 eat them, and find that they fatisfy both their hunger 
 and thirft. \Vhcn the horns grow bigger, there 
 breeds within the fkin a worm that cats away ths root. 
 The rein-deer has over his eye-lids a kino of fkin, 
 through which he peeps, when otherwife, inthrharii 
 lliows, he would be obliged to (hut his eyes entirely. 
 The ravenous beafts are the b;ars and wolves al- 
 ready mentioned, the lynx, vaft numbers of whif, 
 red, and black foxes ; and the glutton, a creature, 
 which few otlur countries know, hut by report. 
 This animal receives its name from its vor icious ap- 
 petite i it in fize and Ihape has fomc rcfemblance of a 
 long bodied do|{, wi'h thick legs, fl),-.rp claws and 
 
t7S0 
 
 1 
 
 T ft A V E L S THROUGH NORWAY. 
 
 iSt 
 
 trithi 'he colour is bijck, variagatcd with lirown 
 aiiJ ,'t!i <w Itrcaks. }le has the boldnrrs tu attack 
 cvcr^ '....lit he can poflibly conquer, and il he finds a 
 cnrcal'e Ax times is big us himlelt, he duel nut leave 
 oil eating, .is I nj; as ihcre is a mouthful left. When 
 ihiis norged, he prelfcs and fi;iKe7.es hiiiifilf between 
 Ik'.u lu'c.i, and tlius empties liiiaiclf of v^h;t lie h.is 
 iKit llinc to dii^ed. As his (kin (bines liki' danialk, 
 and IS (.ovetcil with folt hair, it is verv precijus •, 
 it Is liuiifote well «orth llir himllinjii's whw- lo kill 
 liMu without wounding the fkin, wliu h is done uuh 
 lliodtini; liim with a b.jw .;nd lilunt arrow?. 
 
 I'lie martin is iiir>> liun!4d an ai'CKunt cf its fkin, 
 as is likevxile the I'ljuirrel :tiiJ tlie uiniiif, both uf 
 uhicli ate therelort.' Ihot with blunt aiiows. It is 
 douuicd whetlier the ermine be ditleiciit Iruni the 
 D.iiiilh weafel ; irs valuable Ikin is of a beautilul 
 white, and it has a bl.uk fpot on llic tail. T'hc 
 enniiies run altir luicc like cats, and drag away what 
 they catch, particularly t;;^*, wlii^h aic their nitelt 
 delicacy. Here aie alio >.jltors, b.;duers, ottet), and 
 hcdo-hogs. 
 
 Among the mice, fonv! are thought poifonous, and 
 othirs are remarkable tor being wbuc, and liaviir^ 
 redeyes. Hut the moll pernicious verniine is a little 
 animal, called the lii:mus, or kinmiii.'. whii h is near 
 theli'/.eol'a rat; the (ail is Ihort and luiind up at the 
 end, and the legsare alio folhoit tli.it thiy (caice keep 
 the belly from the giounJ. Ihey have very fli"rt 
 hair, and are ot diticuiit colour*, parti, iilarly bl.ick, 
 vith yellow and brown llie.iks, and (oii.e in fpots. 
 The biftiop all'uics us th.it, about onee or twice in 
 every twenty years, tluy all'cmble from their fecrct 
 abodes, in projii^ioui numbeis, like the nullL-npers of 
 heaven to punilh the neighbouring inhabitants. They 
 proceed from Koltn's roik, which diviibs the Nord- 
 land manor troin Sv/edeii, and is held to be their 
 .peculiar and native place j inarchin;j; in valt multi- 
 tudes through Nordland and riiimark to the wellern 
 ocean j and other bodies throui;h Swedilh I^apmark, 
 to the Sinus, Uothnicus-, devourini; all the grafs and 
 vegetables in their way. They do this in a dired 
 line, and goin^ ftraight forwards proceed into the 
 rivers ef the fea : thus, if they meet with a boat on 
 any frelh water river, they lun in at one end or fide, 
 and out again at the other, in order to keep their 
 courfe. They carry their \oung v.'itli them on their 
 backs, or in their mouths; and if they neet with 
 peafants who co.nic to oppofe thim, they will itand 
 undaunted, and bark M them like dogs. This evil 
 is, however, of no Icing duration ; for on enterinj; 
 the fea, they I'wim as lung ;is they are able, and tiieii 
 arc drovvned : if they are flopped in tliiir courle, fo 
 that they cannot reach the fea, they are killed by the 
 Jroltsof winter; and if they efcapc, moft of thein 
 die as foon as they cat the new gral's. 
 
 As to the reptiles, there are neither land-fnakes nor 
 toads beyond the temperate zone ; and even thole 
 fnakes on the cxtremitie, of the temperate climate, are 
 Uls pnifunous than in more foiithrrn countriis. 
 Lizards arc here of various colours, as biown, green, 
 and Itriped. I'hofe that are green are found in the 
 fields, and the others in the cracks and holes cf 
 rocks. 
 
 Among the fowls arc moft of tliofe ('.en in the reft 
 of Europe, and (iimc of them peiuliar to this country ; 
 of thofe that are in a mannei peciili ir tu I'lis couiitrv 
 is the franculin, an cxeelUnt f'l.d bird, which 
 fcrves the Norwegians inllead of the pheafant, its 
 fi: (h being white, firm, ami of a delicious taile. 
 'Ihe black-cap is almoft as fmall as the wren ; the 
 body is black and yellow, it is white under the beily, 
 and the top of th.; head is black. Tlielc birds keep 
 i|car tlie houl'es, nir.l are (iich lovers of meat, that the 
 farmers can hardly keep them from it, and therefore 
 catch them like mice in a trap. 
 
 Nurwaiy is alio fup|)!iiil as plentifully with fifti 
 as any country in the world. 
 
 The biihup in his hiftory bcfiJes the animals before 
 nteiitioned|. tells us of fgmc oUicrs of dubious cx- 
 
 iftencc, fuch arc the mrr-man and mer-maid. ffe 
 alfo defcribes a creature calKct the fea-fnake, who:i: 
 dimcnfions are fuch a:, fhock cicdibility. 13ut the 
 mon(k'r whofe fize is the moft Liiormous that we be- 
 lieve was ever heard or re.id of, is the kraken, a filh, 
 in (hapc like the ftella muriii i, whof- circumference, 
 he lays, is above an tnglilli mile :ini\ .t half, and 
 which lie fays, is often millakm by maiiiiers lor ..n 
 idand ; but fctting afide many other improbable eir- 
 cumltinces, th's animal mull encrojcli too much 
 upon the general proportion of natiitc to have place 
 III a glo! e where all is calculated for a fymmetry of 
 parts; we fiiall therefore ; with all fubniiflion to the 
 reverend author, conclude that he was deceived in 
 his judgment, and that all accounts he has rtt^ivcJ 
 of the kraken, art a heap of abfurdities. 
 
 " The iiiliabitaiits of the mountains, in Norway 
 (fays our autho.') do the woik of horfes, for nine 
 luceeflive hours, fingiim all the time; and throw 
 themfelves every half hour on the fiiou, thcu^h in a 
 proful'e fweat, fucking it to (lake their third, without 
 the lead appreheiihon o( a cold or fever. 
 
 " All the peafants are in general, handy and inge- 
 nious, h.iviag no traJefmen anjong them, nor buying 
 any thing made up in the towns; as the farmers fay 
 nobody can ever make a good nan without being his 
 own taylor, (hue-maker, weaver, fniith, carpentir, 
 &c. tlu)ii';h without ileiogating fiom their ingmuity, 
 it is molt probable, that mceflity, is in a great 
 meal'ure, the parent of it ; as the produce of their 
 foil would be unequal to the employment of fuch n 
 number of tradefn-.en. They fc. ni however, to excel 
 in carving with their toll knife, (a broad fliort one) 
 fmie of the gi(.atr(t artificial cuiiolities in the royal 
 mufeiim, coiihfting of their carving in wood." 
 
 Though the bifliop celebrates his countrymen for 
 their ability and politenefs, the peafants arc very fe- 
 rocious, fome of whom has been known to buckle 
 themlelves together by their belts, and fight with 
 their (hort knives, till one of them have bi.cn mor- 
 tally wounded ; fo that, till the middle of the laft 
 century, our author fays it was cuftomary, when the 
 family has been invited to a wedding, for the wife to 
 take her hufband's (hruud with her. 
 
 Except at weddings and other entertainments, the 
 farmers do not ufc rye in their bread, oats being their 
 general corn ; and when grain is fcarce they mix a 
 little oatmeal with a greater quantity of the bark of 
 the fir powder, which nvkes a bread that is Id's 
 nutrivc and bitterifh ; but which however, they ac- 
 cuftom themfelves to in plentiful feafons, to be pre- 
 pared againft a time of fcarcity. Indeed, in 1743, 
 and 1744, they improved their bread by fubftituting 
 elm bark, which was better tafted. 
 
 In parts where there were great (ilheries, they at- 
 tempted to mix cod-roes with oatmeal ; but this gave 
 fome the bloody flux. It feems odd that they chufe 
 to let their filh four before they fait it. They make 
 a ftoclc of ftrong ale againft Chriftmas, and chriften- 
 ings, &c. but at other times regale on mungat, a 
 very bad fmall beer, milk and water, or water and 
 four wcy. They are great lovers of tobacco, expend- 
 ing annually fcvcral thoufand dollars in it, which 
 makes our author, as a patriot, wift) for Its perfect: 
 produiition there ; fnufF they properly enough call 
 na-femeel. 
 
 Their houfes are commonly built of whole trunks 
 uf pine and fir trees, chopped fo as to make them lie 
 clofe, and joined by mortifes. They are covered 
 firft with biroh-bark, and over that three or four 
 inches thick wiih turf, wherein fervlcc trees and good 
 grafs grows, whence many a farmer mows a pretty 
 load of hay from the top of his houfe. They are 
 often let to three, four, or five families; and have a 
 ftaubarct for all their proviflons at a diftance, for 
 fear of fire. Even the rich farmers have feldom any 
 windows, but a Iky-ligh;, called liur, at the top of 
 the houfe, over which, they place the midriff of 
 fome animal, in a frame, to keep out the rain. The 
 membrane is itrong and tranfparent as a bladder ; it i» 
 
 Miltd 
 
51* 
 
 TRAVELS THkOUGH NORWAY. 
 
 r<7s4 
 
 called Siaa, and lifted on or off with a pole, which 
 pole, every pctCun ruining on important bulincCs, 
 and cfpcciaily on cnuitfliip, mull touch liefore they 
 utter u word. I'hc fmoak pdlll-s through the liur i and 
 kingt, till the i ith century, lived in (uch houfei. 
 
 The mailer of the houfe always fits at the upper 
 end of the table on the hoy-fajdet, (hiyli-feat) where 
 he has .1 little cu))hoaril to lock up his valuable things. 
 They burn the roots of thofe fir-trees thai have lieen 
 cut down fcvcr.il years for tar. As a great part of 
 their livelihood is obtained from the water, many 
 fpend half their time on that element, and die in it i 
 and though their bodies are feldom fwuiid, tliey have; 
 a funeral ceremony and fcrmon ealled Uravfxflctfe. 
 Aniiniller at Karfund affirmed, that during his refi- 
 dcnce there, which had been fifty years, there h.id not 
 died above ten grown men on (horc ; and at Chi illiaii- 
 fand, they fay that moft of the women have had live 
 or fix hulbands. 
 
 The lakes and rivers furnilh the inhabitants with 
 plenty of frefli-water fifh, and the mountains I'upply 
 them with game. Tor their winter ftocic they kill 
 cows, (hcep, and goats, part of which they pickle 
 and fmokc, and Tome of it they cut in thin fliccs, 
 fprinkle it with fait, and then dry it in the wind, and 
 cat it like hung-beef. They are fond of brandy, and 
 of chewing and I'nioaking tobacco. 
 
 The Norwegi:ins who live in towns have nothing 
 fingul.irin their drcfs , but the peaCtnts do not trouble 
 theml'elves about fafhion : thofe Called Slilc Farmers, 
 have their breeches and (lockings in one piece : they 
 have a wide, loofe jacket, made of coarfe woollen 
 cloth, as are likewil'e their waill-coatsj but thofe 
 who would appear fine, liave the fvams covered with a 
 different colour. Ti.i- pcafants of one pari/h aic re- 
 markable for wearing bhick ilo.iths, edged witli 
 red} another for wcanne; all liljck ; the urefs of a 
 third paiilh is while edged with bl.uk j others wear 
 black and yellow, and thus the iiilubitants of almoll 
 every parifli vary in the colour of their cloatlis. 
 They wei^r a flapp'd hnt, or a little brown, grey, m 
 black cap, made quite round, and the Teams adunud 
 with black ribbons. They have fhoes of a peculiar 
 tonftruction, without heeh, confilting of two pieces, 
 the upper-leather fii^ elofe to the foot, to which the 
 folc is joined by a great many pb.its and folds. When 
 they travel, and likewife in the winter, they wear a 
 fort of half-boc/ts, which reach up to the calf of the 
 leg, and are laced on one fide ; and when they go on 
 the rocks in the fnow, they put on fnow ftioes ; but as 
 thefe are ttoublefome when they go a gi eat w.w to travel, 
 they put on (kates as broad aj the foot, but fix or eight 
 feet long, and pointtd before ; they are covered with 
 feal-flcin, fo that the fmooth grain of the hair turns 
 backward to the heel. Wi(h thefe fnow- (katci they 
 Hide about on the liiow, as well as they can upon the 
 ice, and failcr than any horfe can go. 
 
 The peafants never wear a neck■c^oth, nor any 
 thing of that kind, except when he is ureflirdi for 
 hisrieck and bread arc always open, and he lets the 
 liiow beat into his bofom. On the contrary, lie- co- 
 Vfrt his veins, binding a woollen fillet round his 
 wrift. About their body they wear a broadleathtr 
 belt, ornamented with convex brafs plates ; to this 
 hangs a brals chain, which holds their large knife, 
 gimblet, and other tackle. 
 
 The women at church, and in genteel affemblies, 
 drefs themfelvcs injatkets, laced clofe, and have lea- 
 ther girdles, with filvei ornaments about, them. They 
 alfo wear a filver chain three or four times round the 
 neck, with a gilt medal hanging at the end of it. 
 Their handkerchiefs and caps, are almofl covered with 
 fmall filver, brafs, and tin pt.it'.-<, buttons, and large 
 rings, fuch as they wear on their fingers, to which they 
 bang again a parcel of fmall ones, which make a 
 jiagling noife when they move. A maiden bride hat 
 her hair plaited, and hung as full as polTible with fuch 
 kind of trinkets, as alfo lier rioaths. 
 
 The peafants are budcd in cutting wood, felling 
 and floating timber, burning of charcoal, and ex- 
 
 tra^ing of tar. Great numbers ai% employed in the 
 mines, and at the lurnacet and (lamping mills, and 
 alfo in navigation and (ifhing, bclidcs hunting and 
 (liootingi for everybody it at liberty to purlue the 
 game, cfprcially in the mountains, and on the heaths 
 and commons, where every pcafant may make ufeoi' 
 what arms he pleafes. Suinv of the inhabitants procure 
 a good maintenance by catching of birdi | but it it 
 impolfible to give a ju(l idea of the fatigue and danger 
 with which they fuarch for birdi in the high and (tcep 
 rocks, many of which are 200 fathoms perpendicular. 
 Thefe people who are called Bird-men, have two me- 
 thods of catching them ; they cither climb up ihefc 
 perpendicular rocks, or .-ire let down from the top hy 
 a (trong, thick rope j when they climb up, they have 
 a large pole of 11 or laelU in len;;th, with an iron 
 huok at the end ; they who are underneath in a boar, 
 or (land on a clilF, fallen this hook to the waidband 
 of the man's breeches who climbs, by which meant 
 they help him up to the highcd projetiion he can 
 reach, and fix his feet upon i they then help up ano- 
 thcr..to the fame place, and when they are both up, 
 give them their bird-poles, and a long rope, whicu 
 they tie at each end round their waids. This dune, 
 one climbs up as In ^h us he can, and whcie it is diffi. 
 cult, the other, by putting his pole under his breach, 
 pufhes him up till he g> ts a good (landing place : the 
 uppermod of the two then helps the other up to him 
 wiih the rope; and thus they proceed till they get to 
 the part where the birds build, and there they Irarch 
 for them. As they have many dangerous places yet to 
 climb, one always leeks a convenient place to lland 
 furr, and be able to hold himlelf fall, while the other 
 IS climbing about. If the latter (llould ha|>pen to 
 Ilip, he is held up by tlie other who dnnds firm, and 
 when he has got fafe by thofe dangerous places, he 
 fixes himfelf in the fame manner, that he may aflift 
 the other to come fafe to him 1 and then they clamber 
 about after birds where they pleafe ; but accidents 
 fometinies happen ; for if one does not ftand (irm, or 
 is net llroiig enough to lupport the other when he (lips, 
 they both fail and are killed, and thus fonie perifh every 
 year. 
 
 When they thus reach the places that are feldom 
 vifited, they find the birds fo tame that they can take 
 them with their hands ; lor they arc loth to leave their 
 young; but where they are wild, they cither throw 
 a net over them in the rock, or entangle thofe thai are 
 flying, with a net fixed at the end of their poles. 
 I hus they catch vafl numbers of fc wis, and the boat 
 keeping underneath them, they ihiuwthe dead birdt 
 into it, and foon fill the veffel. 
 
 When the weather is tolerably good, and there is a 
 deal of game, the bird-men will continue eight days 
 together on the rocks ; for there are here and there 
 holes in which they can fecurely take their repofe ; 
 they draw up provifions with lines, and boats are 
 kept coming and going to take away the game. 
 
 On the other hand, many rocks being fo deep and 
 dangerous, that they cannot poflibly climb up them, 
 they are then letdown from above; when they have a 
 (Irong rope eighty or one hundred fathoms long. One 
 end of it the bird-man fadens round his waid, and 
 drawing it between his legs, fo that he can fit on it, 
 he is let down with his bird-pole in his hand, by fix 
 men at the top, who let the ro|)e fink by degrees } 
 but lay a piece of timber on the edge of the rock for 
 it to (lide on, to prevent its being torn to pieces by the 
 (harp edges of the dunes. Another line is fadened 
 round tne.;nan's waid, which he pullt to give Agni 
 when he would have them pull him up, let him lower, 
 or keep him where he is. He it in danger of the 
 dones loofening by the rope, and falling upon him, 
 he therefore weart a thick furred cap, well lined^ 
 which fecures him from the blows he may receive 
 from fmall donet j but if large one* fall, be it in the 
 greated hazard of lofiiig hit life. 
 
 Thus do thefe poor men often cxpofe themfelves 
 to the mod imminent danger, merely to get a (ub- 
 fidcncc for their families. There uc fome indeed who 
 
«754-I 
 
 tRAVELS THROUGH NORVVAY. 
 
 Hi 
 
 fay there is nr great hazard in it, after they are atcuf- 
 loined tn it ; but at l\rt\ the rope turns ruuiitl with 
 them, till their heads arc giddy, and tlicy cm do no- 
 thing to fave thcmfclvcs. ThDli: who have learnt ihc 
 ■rtniakea play of it; tlicy put their feet againll the 
 rock, throw thcmftlvcs I'cveral fathomiout, and pulh 
 into u hat place thiy pleafc. They even keep tlicm- 
 felves outon a line in the air, ami c.ilch with their 
 poles numhtrs of hirds, flyinj; outof, and into their 
 holes. The greatcll irt is required in throwing thcin- 
 fvlvesout, Co as to fwing umler the projection of a 
 rock where the birds gather together j here they tix 
 their feet, loofen tlicinfi.lvcs from the rope, which they 
 fallen to a ftone, to prevcrtt its fwinging out of thiir 
 reach, and tlicn the man climbs about and catchcb the 
 fcirds, cither witli his hands or his pole ; and when he 
 has killed as nunv as he thinks proper, he tics them 
 together, faftcns them to a fniall line, and by a pull 
 gives a fignal for thofe above to draw them up. In 
 this manner he works all oay, .md when he wants to 
 
 fo up, he gives a fignal to be drawn up, or cllc works 
 inifrif up with his belt full of birds. 
 
 Wiii-ii there are not people enough to hold the rope, 
 thebirdman fixes a poll in the ground, hitcns his 
 rope to it, and (lidesdown without any help to work 
 as before. In fonie places there arc Ittep clifJ's of a 
 prodigious fize, lying under the land, and yet more 
 than 100 fathoms above the water, which are very 
 difficult to be got at. Tlioy help one another down 
 thc(i; elilFs in the manner abovementioncd, and taking 
 a llr.dii; lope with them, failcn it here and there in 
 theclitt', ivhcre they can, and leave it all the fummer : 
 upua this they will run up and down, and take the 
 birds at ple.ifure. 
 
 It '» iinp.iflible to defcribe how frightful and Sm- 
 ^erous tins liird-catching appears to the beholders, 
 Ironi the va'.t lieiyht and exccflive (leepncfs of the 
 rocks, many of uliich hang over the fca : it ficms 
 inipoflible for men to enter the holes under thcfe pro- 
 jections, or to walk 200 yards high on crags of rocks 
 where they can but jiilt hx their toes. \Vhen they 
 have brought home their bird,, they eat foine of them 
 fn Ih, an«l tome are hung to dry for the winter fealon. 
 'I'hele buds afford the inhabitants a very good main- 
 tenance, partly from their flelh and eggs, and partly 
 from their feathres and down, which ar: gathered and 
 fent to foreign parts. 
 
 We fliall htre fubjoin the account given of the 
 country, by a French gentleman who embarked at 
 Copenh.igen on board a northern fleet, bound on a 
 voyage of difcovery, which landed him lafe upon the 
 coail of Norway. 
 
 " The pcafants of Norway (fays he) who are (laves 
 to the nobility, are moll of them fi (he rmen, and re- 
 markable for their fimpllcity and hol'pitality. The 
 women, who are very handfomc, though red haired, 
 are fond of ftrangers j they look after the cattle, of 
 which there is a great plenty ; they are likewife excel- 
 lent hoiilew ivcs, and in general make their own family 
 cloth. 
 
 " As we were on our way towards Chriftiana, we 
 met one of the neighbouring gentlemen, followed hv 
 two fcrvants, and a pack of dogs, going upon an elk 
 chacc. The gentleman knowing the man that was 
 with me, invited us to partake of his div^ifion. Af- 
 ter riding with him about a mile, we met his huntf- 
 inan, together with more of his fervants, and ten or 
 twelve )>eal'ants, who led us three miles farther to a 
 wood full of budics, at the entrance" of which we 
 difinountcd, and gave ourliorfcs to one of his domef- 
 tics. 
 
 " Preparations had been made for thechace theday 
 before by the gentleman's v.ijlals; in confequcncc of 
 which we had fearce gone 40 yards before wc perceived 
 an elk, who h.id not advanced far when he dropped 
 down dead, being feized, as they told me, with the 
 falling. ficknefs, from whence they derive the name of 
 Elk, which fignitics a miferabic creature ; and it feems 
 they often fall in this manner at the beginning of the 
 chace. Hid not this accident happened, I believe we 
 Vol. I. No. 47. 
 
 (hould hav« found it hard to have run him down i for 
 wc were above t^o hours in purt'uit of the next, which 
 I do not believe wc (hould have ever catchcd, had he 
 not alfb dropped down dead i however, he killed two 
 >f the btft dogs with his fore feet, and the gentleman 
 peii:/, extremely lorry tor their l«fs, would hunt no 
 more 1 but fent lor a cart to c.^.rry the game, and in- 
 filled on our going with him to his c;iiUc, where he 
 treated us in j pleiuitul and agie able manner. 
 
 " The elk is as bij: as a Urge huife, and hit body 
 ..ke that of a flj;j, h u Icnjer an I lat"Lr j his leps arc 
 alfo lung, his I'- •■I lnoi.-l : iiil elovi 11, Tiisanilers l.irge, 
 hairy, and bro.id 1 keafaliow deer's, but hu is not fa 
 well furnini';d with herns as a Hag. 
 
 " At niy depaitiir. iT'vhuK I'li'le irv-a pnfcnt of the 
 two left (hanksof the elk', alluring in ■ that they weie 
 an excellent lUie fur the talling-(u k.),i.i5 j to vvliieh I 
 replied by my inicr)'ietci, th..t 1 wondered, fincc th« 
 leg of the ells had Inch virtue in it, why the animal 
 did not cure hinif.ll. The gHnilinian rcfleiting on 
 what I faid, laughed aloud, and told me I waa in the 
 right, fur he h id given it to (everal perfons afflidled 
 'viih the fame difcafe, but it had r.rver produced a 
 cure J upon which he had longfufpei-led that the pre- 
 tended virtue of the leg or foot of Uiis animal was a 
 vulgar miflake. He then gave me many inftances of 
 the ill effects produced on human bodies bv eating tht 
 flefh of elks. 
 
 " The gentleman having obliqed in to fpcnd th« 
 night at his caltle, we took our leave of him the next 
 morning, after breakfaft, and returned to Chrif- 
 tiana, where we (laid four or five days, and then failed 
 for Uerghen ; but being becalmed in our paflagc for 
 five days, we employed ourfctvcs in catching fi(n, and 
 took fo large a quantity, that wc lived chiefly on that 
 food for a long time afterwards, 
 
 " Berghcn, the capital of the province of the fame 
 n.ime in Norway, has one of the (insfl ports in £u- 
 rope. It is a large trading town, full of merchants, 
 and w.ts formerly an archbiflioprick ; but it has not 
 been acknowledged as Aith (ince the refoimation, 
 which prevails here as well as in the king of Den- 
 mark's other dominions. The archbilhop's palace wat 
 given to the Hans towns for the refidence of their an» 
 cient merchants, fo long as they continue (ingle ; but 
 if they marry, they arc obliged to remove. The 
 merchants are called monks, though they do not wear 
 a cowl, orobferve the rules of any order ; and the 
 warehoufes bear the name of thi Cioiflers. Th* 
 chief branch of trade carried on at Berghcn is in her- 
 ring, cod, and ftock-fi(h i for which there is a great 
 demand in Mufcovy, Poland, Sweden, Denmark, 
 Germany, and other parts of Europe. 
 
 " When we had difcharged the cargo we had to 
 deliver at Berghcn, wc fet fail for Dronthcim, half 
 our lading confiding chiefly of bread and beer, be- 
 ing configned to the furveyor of the copper and fil- 
 ver mines, for the ufe of the miners, and other work- 
 men ; but being again becalmed for feveral days, we 
 caught a vad quantity of klip-(i(h, a great part of 
 which we falted and barrelled. They are a fpecies of 
 cod, and obtain the name of klip-(i(1i, from theirne- 
 ver leaving the rocks, klippe, in the German tongue, 
 (ignifying a rock. 
 
 «» When wc arrived at Drontheim, we applied to 
 the furveyor to unlade our (hips as fad as po(rible, 
 that we might proceed on our voyage ; but he told us 
 he could not begin, till the officer, who was to re- 
 ceive the provifions, came back from the mines, and 
 oft'ered to fend a mcflenger on horfcback for him, 
 whom I tjbtained pcrmiflion to accompany. Early 
 the next morning, the furveyor's man and I begun 
 our journey ; but the roads were fo rugged, that we 
 could not reach only eighteen miles front Drontheim; 
 for the night came on, and we had a long wood topafs 
 through, io which were lynxes, boars, and wolves, 
 in great numbers, that rendered it dangerous to travel 
 in the dark. 
 
 " We came to our journey'i end the next night, 
 
 and lodged at the for^ti, where, icrording to the 
 
 7 C cudon 
 
S54 
 
 l-RAVELS THROUGH LAPLAND. 
 
 ['7^' 
 
 cuftom of the countrvt vie were cntcrfaintil by the 
 people whohavf thcciirc of the mines, with tobacco, 
 beer, iiiul brand)' ; and our holl was li> very hofpi- 
 t:iblp, that there wa* no poflibility of Roinj; to bed (o- 
 ber. 1 here brrame aKjuaiiited wiili one of the of- 
 ficer-' of the niinri, who (poke Krcnch, and on my 
 cxpri fling a ilefire to go dov»n into thrni| he proniiled 
 to gratify my curiofity. 
 
 '• Having breaklailcd with the pcrfon who fpokf 
 French, and the mailer niinci, they went with me 
 fifty or (ixty paces from the forges, which are upon 
 a high mountain, to the mouth of one of the mines, 
 over which was erecliJ a machine not unlike u crane, 
 turned by two great wheels, each guiilcil by a man, 
 by which means the ore is drawn up ; and the mafter 
 miner and I, being fixed in a wooden buiket, to 
 which our handi were bound with iron gantlets, were 
 letdown lifty fathom dee|). Never was there fecn a 
 more horrid profpcit, nor a truer picture of the infer- 
 nal regions ; the flames of (ire that blazed every where 
 •round, the rugged cavcrnj, and the fight of crea- 
 tures that had a nearer refemblance to the tiends than 
 to men, all conlpireil to fill the Ibul with terror. 
 The miners were drell'ed in black leathir loats of I 
 mail, and mutficrs of the fame faftencd round their I 
 heads, juft under their eyes, reaching down to their ; 
 brcafts, they had alfo leathern aprons. 'F'hefc miners | 
 have ditTercnt employments ; for while Come divide ] 
 the ore from the mafs, others fearch for new veins of 
 metal, and others try to difeover caverns (illed wilh 
 water, which often uncxpeftedly bur(t forth, and 
 drown thofe in the mines: however, if thel'e arc 
 found the mifchief is fometimes prevented. The 
 mafter miner, who dtfcendcd with me, imagined 1 
 was near being fcized with a cold fit, which is com- 
 mon in thefe places, rang a bell, which being the 
 finnal for thole above todiawus up, we (oon afcemled 
 with the fame cafe with vvhich we had gone down. 
 Never was frefh air more welcome to me, than after 
 havin" breathed the unwholcfomc damps of this cavctn. 
 
 •• We now went to the houfc of the officer wh» 
 fpokc French, who entertained ui in a very hofplt.ibVe 
 manner. Atter dinner, he oidertd horfea to he |>»t 
 ready tu take us to the filver mines. Having iiitio- 
 duced me tu the furveyor, wc were each o» us pre- 
 lented with a large glafs of brandy, and then trcati^ 
 with beer and tobacco ! when we were thus refreflied, 
 the furveyor condudtcd us to the forges, which were 
 about a mile from his houfe, and we (oon after reachi^d 
 the mouth of a mine, down which we went in the 
 fame manner we had done at the copper mine. 
 
 " The miners never work in winter, and in the 
 fpring and autumn, they only labour three hours 
 before, and three hours after dinner | but in the 
 fummer they work four hours in the morning, ami 
 five in the afternoon. The reft of the time they fpend 
 in mirth and fealiinf;; they delight much in dancing 
 and have violins, hautboys, and oilier mulical inftru- 
 ments, to enliven their Ipirits. This merry lite thry 
 are well able to fupport, being paid a crown a day all 
 the year round. 1 had an opportunity of (eeing them 
 engaged in their paftimes, the fimpliciry of which, 
 gave me much pleafure. Thefe mines turn to a good 
 account, and are not the leall part of hit Daiiilli 
 majcftv's revenue. 
 
 " Having feen every thing worth notice at the 
 mines, we went home with the furveyor, who treated 
 us with brandy, beer, and tobacco : we afterwardt 
 partook of a plentiful fupper, and when we had 
 refredied ourfclvcs, went to bed. In the morning 
 the mader miner and I having thanked our bo(t tor 
 his kind entertainment, went back to the copper 
 mines, where having taken leave of the ojficcr wba 
 (poke French, wc fct out for Drontheim." 
 
 With this relation we fliall dole our dtfcription of 
 Norway, and proceed to give that of Lapland, a 
 country where the manners of the inhibitants form* 
 a (hiking contrail to that of the citilizcd nations of 
 Europe. 
 
 >/. /Wy. ^ /^ 
 
 TRAVELS THROUGH LAPLAND. 
 
 LAPLAND might appear, from its remote fitua- 
 tion, to be placed at the northern extremity of 
 the globe j but the difcovrry of Spitfbergen has con- 
 vinced voyagers and travillers that thev cuuld proceed 
 yet farther in their approaches towards the north 
 pole. The author whom wc quoted above, was 
 bound for both thefe places. He thus continues his 
 relation. 
 
 " As night came on before we hid gone eight 
 miles on our way, we were obliged to take up our 
 quarters in the next village, at the houfe of a peafant, 
 who thinking himfelf greatly honoured by having 
 fuch gucfts, did all in his power to oblige us. He 
 iirl( treated us with beer and tobacco, and a kind of 
 brandy dilliUcd from malt ; and having lately killed a 
 hare and a couple of pheafants, he drelfed them for our 
 fupper. When wc had done fupper we again fwal- 
 lowed large quantities of brandy and beer, and were 
 inveloped in clouds of tobacco. At length the 
 maAcr miner was made dead drunk, at which the 
 peafant cxprcfled the utmoll fatisfadiion, and took 
 large draughts to put himfelf in the fame condition ; 
 nor was I much better ; it is the cultom of the coun- 
 try among all ranks of people, and not to be avoided, 
 they have no notion of there being any pleafure in 
 fociety that does not end in drunkcnnefs. When we 
 bad drank our till, wc betook ourfelves to reft on 
 
 clean ftraw which had been fpread on the floor for that 
 purpofe. As 1 was firft awake in the morning, I 
 by figns, made the peafant's fon underlland that 1 
 wanted the horfes to be got ready, being detern'incd 
 to reach Drontheim that night, if poflible. When 
 I faw they were faddlcd, I roufcd my companion and 
 hh holf , a'nd having again eaten and drank more than 
 in prudence we ought, we took our leave of the 
 hofpitablc peafant, and before night arrived -M 
 Drontheim. 
 
 " The (hip havini; cleared out, and t.-iken in her 
 flock o' pn vifions and other necell'aries i in two days 
 after my return, we fet (ail with u lair wind to purlue 
 our voyage to the northward. After a few days wc 
 were becalmed under the ar£lic circle, and fomc of 
 ou r crew being fo luperftitious as to imagine that the 
 inhabitants ot the neighbouring cnaft, like thofe of 
 Finland, could rule the elements, and difpofc of the 
 winds at their pleafure : our captain lent his boat on 
 fliore with the mate, to purchafe a wind of them ; and 
 though I believed nothing of the matter, I had the 
 curiofity to accompany thofe employed in this ridicu- 
 lous commiflion. 
 
 " We landed at the firft village we faw, and as the 
 mate could fpeak enough of the language of the 
 country to make himfelf underftood, he loon found 
 out the chief Lccromanctr, and aJked if he could 
 
 turjiUk 
 
l;6o.] 
 
 •TRAVELS Tii ROUGH LAPLAND. 
 
 55! 
 
 furnifli ut with a wind (hat could Lift till we arrived .it 
 Maurmanlkcimore ? but the necromancer gravily ic- 
 plicd, that he could not ; for that hit power cxtcnclid 
 no farther than the prnmontury of Rouxclla. The 
 mate confldering, (hat if we reached fo far, we mi^ht 
 e:ifily make the north cape, dcfired him to eo on board 
 with us, and bnigain with the captain. The wizard 
 conlentin;;, took three of his tnmrades with him, 
 and leaping into a fm.ill fifhing boat, went on board 
 our fhip, where the captain and he foon agreed, and 
 he paid ten krunors, which is about thirty-fix (hil- 
 lings, and a pound of tobacco. When (he bargain 
 was con'-ludfu and (he money paid, the conjuror 
 tied a woollen . j, about half a yard long, and a nail 
 broad, to (he foreniaft. This rag, in which three 
 knots were tied, was all the captain had for his iiio- 
 niy i and thr necromancer and his companions imim 
 diatcly returned on (bore. Not long after he \\^ 
 gone, (he captain agreeable to the inftrudtiuns he had 
 received, untied the lirll knot in the rag, and foon 
 afterwards a brifk gale fprung up from the fouth weft, 
 which drove us thirty leagues beyond Ma'ftrom, a 
 whirlpool in the Norwegian Sea, that has proved fatal 
 to many velTcls. For this rcafon thofe pilots that arc 
 acquainted with thofe coalls, keep ci^ht or ten lea^^ues 
 out to fea, to avoid (ba( and fcveral other cddic:., as 
 well as the rocks that lie ofFOflrafsrd. 
 
 " The wind now beginning to veer a little to the 
 northward, the captain untied the fecund knot, on 
 which the wind (ettled as before, till we reached 
 Rouxclla. When we had pafl'ed that promontory, 
 the needle of our compafs turned back half an inch, 
 from which fome imagined, that there was a loadllunc 
 in the mountain. However, if we had not had an expe- 
 rienced pilot, we certainly Ihould have loll ourcourfi;. 
 He IhiiC up the compafs, and difplaycd a flag on the 
 top of the forc-inail head, as a fignal for fomc other 
 (liips (hat weie in company to follow our way. We 
 were two dnys and nights in (his fituation, having 
 nothini; to depend upon but the pilot's experience ; 
 but on the third day, when we were at a coiifidcrable 
 diltance from the mountains of Rouxella, the needle 
 again pointed to the north, from whence we concluded 
 that we drew near the north cape. The wind failing 
 us about this time, our captain untied the third knot, 
 and there fprunj up a fmart breeze at north-caft, 
 which foon incrcafed ro a moll dreadful (empeft. We 
 we were now obliged to take in all our fails, and drive 
 before the wind under our bare poles, expei^ting every 
 minute to go to the bottom ; and dreading left this 
 fhould be a judgement inflii^ted on us for our infernal 
 commerce. At length we ftruck upon a rock, when 
 leaft we expected any ; as foon as we felt (he fhock, 
 we gavcourfelves up for loft, and every man betook 
 himfelf to his 'devotions ; but by great good provi- 
 dence there came a high rolling fea, which carried us 
 clear over the rock, though not without fome damage 
 io the velTcl. 
 
 " On the 4th, the ftorm ceafed, when we were 
 tinder great concern at having loft fight of our other 
 veflcls, which we had great reafon to fear were loft ; 
 but having a fair nale, we conrinued our courlc, be- 
 ing refolved (o make the firft port in order to refit. 
 
 " With refpeit to the fale of winds for which thcfc 
 northern people are fo famous, it may be proper to 
 obferve, that like all other kinds of witchcraft and 
 neernmancy, it has its foundation in fraud and im- 
 jiofturc. Thofe who deal in it ftudy the weather with 
 the utmoft care ; and from conftant obfervation, arc 
 able to forefce the variation of the winds for feveral 
 days to come, and (hey take care to ftart fo many dif- 
 ficulties in making their bargains, that they are fure 
 never tocome to a conclufion, till they perceive the 
 fign of the approach of the wind that is wanted ; 
 and when our fuppofed conjurer affirmed that his 
 power reached no farther than Rouxclla, it ought to 
 be undcrftood that he knew well, by experience, that 
 cape to be the limit of his obfervations, and (hat he 
 (hould rifque his credit, if he prefumcd to exceed his 
 bounds. This account we have received from fome 
 
 intelligent pcrfons who livid fome time in Icchiuii 
 wht re rhcv are f.mmiv lot iliis kind of trnllic, iiiul ilil- 
 pofv of vvindi with lif. H.nilation than tllewherc, be- 
 ciuT.- Ilvin;; upon an ill.Miil, iluy ar? ■ 'j: j 
 
 jiul;;e of the vatiatiim ol ilie viii.U in all the li.is 
 round aliout thrni. This kind nl idKiulc'ie is roll- 
 fined (o .1 very fiw p>-ii|)li-, WHO pr^t.i.il !o i.piiir of 
 thewiiul .\' (liLir oi n pr mk r men li.iiiJil'-, when by 
 (hey keep their ncijjhl)..iir- m !iibjii:l un, ;ind put fo- 
 reigners under tribute i nor an ihvl' Ulu •■ f ^U" 
 lous no(ions (o be woiulered ai in a couiitrv v. lure re- 
 ligion is at a very low > Mi, .ind I'.-.ii liio;; his nuv.'. hut 
 a Imall advance towards the iinpiovciiiLiit ut the 
 mind, 
 
 " The coafts of the fea all over the north, are fo 
 full of rocks, that the poit? and creeks are aliiioll iii- 
 acceflible, and wc wcie i)!ili:.C(l to fail (no d.iys 
 longer before we could innk" a |)ii.|i- 1 port; hoHcurj 
 we at length reached the cull ol XVaid'tuN', llie 
 chief (own of l),iiii(h I,.ipl.ind, \> hue 'here iv:igir- 
 rilbn ot two conip.inic of loldiei'. Ii. li)n;;iiig ti. liic 
 king of Ucnmark, and a wdlcctor O' t!ic-.!u;i' . uii- 
 poled oil forcigneis, trading to or ficu A.cll- 
 angel. 
 
 " The colledlor jud;;ing us to be D.iv > ly our 
 colours, and our filuting tiie caltl;-, iiift'ii i| 'j> 'd 
 fail on to V;'raii?'er, witliuiir fen, hiii'; m. T.i, coun- 
 try all abou' f inud eery wild, nnd no peil. 11 on ho J 
 h.id the k.ill knowledge oi it; llic caj iiin, inpa- 
 tient to find a place wh-re we nii^ht rif.i, : n i dc- 
 lirous of obt.iiiiin ; fonu inlVirmatioii rel.au'c in;i.,dc, 
 ordered out the huiij-boat, and t.ik m; ;\\.h 'lini ii.;ht 
 men well .nin-d, row.d tu.<.iid- (he town, v.liei •■ ne 
 arrived in aiiout li.,lf an h uir, He found I'l jMirt 
 very convenient, and the pl.ic- popiiloii-, bii." <■• lit- 
 tle frequented, that the inliuhitanis lii mcd ,,ni zedat 
 feeing him, but readily oftered to afTill in r fitting 
 the fhip, though they gave him iniall encouragement 
 rifpciJling trade. 
 
 " On the next day we entered the port, and un- 
 laded our cargo, which confided of bales of cloth nnd 
 rolls of tobacco, with whii h w: defigiud to ha'.c 
 (radcd. Thefe goods were lockci! up in .1 wirchiniU 
 near the (horc, and a watch let togunrd them. Ttj 
 fomc of the principal inhabitants we prcrmled fmall 
 quantities ot tobacco, which being more welcome to 
 them than gold, it fecured their filendftiip, and in re- 
 turn they entcr(ained us with fi(h that (cries them in- 
 ftcad of brcnd ; the flelh of rein-deer, which I did 
 not think ve p'.diitable, together «ith fonic bear's 
 fltftl, and that of other wild beads, of which wc h.iJ 
 no knowledge 1 they alfo treated us with fiefli lifh, 
 boiled withou(fal(, and ferved up cither with the oil 
 of other fifti, or a four liquor that is higlily efticnud 
 by them. Their dainties not fuiting our taite, we 
 fent for provifions from the fhip, the chief of which 
 was falt-becf and bifcuits, over which, and a can of 
 liquor, we made ourfelvcs very merry j but when we 
 offered fome of our food to (he f.aplanders wc found 
 (hat it was as difagrecable to them as theirs was to us. 
 The four liquor which I have mentioned, is made by 
 throwing into water a qii intiiy of juniper berries, and 
 agraJnIike Icntiles, which is vety common in Lap- 
 land They accepted and drank freely of our beer 
 and brandy, though they preferred their common li- 
 quor to cither." 
 
 'I'he religion cftabliflied in Lapland is Lutheranifm^ 
 but mofl of the natives arc inclined to their ancient 
 heathenifm ; and fo fiiperflitious, that if in the mr.rn- 
 ing they meet a heart in their way whofe nppearancc is 
 efteemed ominous, they return home and neglect all 
 buflnefs for that day ; and when they go a fiftiing, if 
 they take but one filh at the fiift draught, they think 
 it an ill omen, and leave work for that time. 
 
 Both the men and women are low in flature, but 
 ftrong and ailtivc : their faces ate broad, and their 
 nofes flat. Their eyes are fmall like a hog's, and their 
 eye-lids make them look as if they were blear-eyed. 
 Their complexion in general is Iwarthy, and they are 
 of a rude, uncivilized, and hfcivious difpoiition ) 
 
 cfpeciallf 
 
 f^ 
 
5S6 
 
 TRAVELS THROUGH LAPLAND. 
 
 [.760 
 
 rfpecliillv the Momrti, who rridily proflituie tlum- 
 frlvi'i (o .1II (unins, pro\ idcil ihcy can tlu 11 vsiih- 
 oiit their hufbaiiil's kiinwlrtlge. 
 
 'I'hc nun'> cu.\ii, which ri-.irh hut a little below 
 their hip«, .1IL- nuile ul the flciii i>l' rriii-dreri With 
 the hair turnol uiitward<, as ,irc likruifc their hats, 
 iloclciiig* and hrceches. Their hat«, or rathci 
 their honiiet>, arc cJ^ril with a Ihip ol cither 
 jrrcy or white li.x- (kill. The women wear <in their 
 hcaiU a coit°, not iihlike thulV wniii in Norway, made 
 i>t ciijrle i'.inva', :iii>l their hjir i> twilled up in two 
 ri>II<, whieli h.iii^ >! iwn, (iiiconeacli Ihouldcr. Some 
 of them wcir a kinl uf rud", ol' the bttadth ul' eight 
 fingtrs, whiih tliey tic behind. Their clo.iths aiul 
 llockings arc eilliLf eo.irl'e cloth, or rein-ilcci'» (Vin, 
 V.'itl^hc h.iir turned outward ; and their ftttJCi arc ol 
 fiflpHIWl with the iVat'-s on, and I'oniewhat rcl'em- 
 blini; the wtrodeii fhucs worn hy the peat'anis in 
 l'"r.ince. 
 
 Thi'ir liuufrs rtfcmblc thofv of the pcafanls about 
 Chrilli:'.n.i. They have no lii;ht hut what ciUtri by a 
 hole at thelop nf the hut, and do not make ulc ol bcd< 
 any more than the other i^.iplandrts. Tlic whole family, 
 ni ilicrs, miltrclVe^, childien, and men and maid- 
 fiiv.iiin, lie down proirifcuoufly in the middle of the 
 ■aparti'ient, upon bv .ii-fiCini, which when they rife in 
 the morning, are t.ikcn up and laid by, till they arc 
 \vantL\l a(jaiii at ni^ht. Every family has a large 
 111 11 k c.it, wliith IV highly elKTmed, which the mailer 
 of llie f.iinilv nill talk tJ ^li if it was a realonable 
 creature, ;.nd which follows the people in all parilet af 
 fdiiiii; o; luuilin,.; like a do;;. 
 
 " When we li.id unladed the Oiip (fays the author) 
 we hauled her on fliore, and found the inhabitants 
 ready to give us all alfillance in their poAcr ) fur the 
 vcir>:l being under a neeenity of ha\ iiig timber to ritil 
 her, they helped lis to fetch what wc wanted from a 
 neighbouring mounl.un. As we found that the (hip 
 would he foiiie time in refitting, the fupercargn pru- 
 pofed to two o( the Ih'pS compjiiy and niylelf, to 
 make a journey into the rouiitry, to try whether any 
 trade could be carried on with the peaf.ints there. 
 
 " Having fupplied ouilclves H itii falt-beef, pork, 
 and bifcuit lor provifioni, and with cloth and tobacco 
 to trade, wc let out on our journey on the 12th of 
 May, attended bv three of the inhabitants of Varan- 
 ger, >%h'iin wc f .lliwed ihrou;;h the woods, moun- 
 tains and v.illey<, without meeting with any living 
 creature, till ..bout tour oclaek in the afternoon, when 
 we obi rveJ two wiiite be.irs of prodif;ious fize ap- 
 proach, a» we th'iu^ht, to di'iiiur U-, hut our guides 
 laushid at our fe.ir<., an I jH'ured u^ if wc kiptour 
 arms re.i 'y for deleiic", we Ihoiild not be att.tcked, 
 and wc lound Int ihcy laid to be true ; for whether 
 the hears were fnghten-d at the fire which ftruek from 
 our flint'', or from what caiife it happened 1 cannot 
 fay, but wc had no I'ooner prepared our fuzecs, than 
 they fled with the utnioll precipitation. 
 
 " As wc were dclcending a mount.-.in, about an 
 liour before night, we peretivid at a iliflance a herd of 
 beads nut unlike ilags, which our guides tc!d us were 
 rein -deer. Soon after this, we came to a village, 
 which confifleduf aboutadozen Aiaggling lioufes, at 
 one of which wc were very glad to rcpofe ouifclvcs, 
 having tr.u'clird a long way with our baggage at our 
 backs. Wc prefented our hofl with a piece of roll to- 
 L.1VA.0, which he riciivcd wiili extraordinary joy, af- 
 furing us that he had not had fo v.ilnablc a prclent in 
 nine months before ; and in nturii he biuught out hii 
 btandy bottle, fomc dried fifh, and feme rein-deer's 
 flrfli drcfl'ed w ithout falting, which we gave to our 
 guides, and fupped, ourfelvcs, upon thcprovifions we 
 had brought with us ; after which wc (Icpt upon bear- 
 fltins, according to the cuftom of the country. In 
 the morning wc aflccd our hod if he had any thing to 
 barter with us for cloth and tobacco ? To which he 
 ani'M-ered, that he had fnme wolf, fox, and white 
 Squirrel flcins, and that his neighbours had Tome o( 
 the fame C(>inmoditic<, i^nd would gladly exchange 
 U'ith us. ^Ve then bid him bring out his (kins, and 
 7 
 
 I if he had any cloithi made of rein-deer (kins, we 
 would deal with him for fourluilt, which we wanted 
 to keep us waim ) accordingly he brought forth hii 
 mcrchaiidifc, which wc bartered, and paid him partly 
 in tobacco, and partly in cloth. When we haJ pur- 
 chafed all th.it he had to (ell, we trucked with hit 
 neighbours as long » they had any thing worth buy- 
 inK« and then defircd our hoft to aflill ui with fome 
 rcln-derr, to carry us forward on our journey, to 
 which he readily confcntcti, and taking down a horn 
 that hung in his cottage, he went to the door and 
 blew it, on which fourteen or fifteen uf thofc animals 
 came running low.^rds the hut, from among which ht 
 chufc out fix, which he immediately yoked to fix 
 fledges. We put our merchandife and provifuni in 
 one of the fledges, and alTigncd another to one of 
 the guides, who undcrftoou the languages of our 
 different Laplanders, and difmifTed the other two 
 guides, h.iving firlt paid them in tobacco for their 
 trouble. 
 
 " Wc thc» put on our Lapland cloaths, and each 
 of IIS lying down in his fledgi., was covered with a 
 hear-(kin. At the back uf each fledge were two girtt 
 mailcofrcin-dicr^fkin leather, in vthich we th;ud our 
 aims up to the (houlders, to keep ouifelvcs lieady, 
 and wc had each a Kick, with a (Irong ferrcl to it, to 
 fupport the fledge, in cafe it (hould be in danger of 
 overturning againit the (lumps of tree* or lionet, ly- 
 in^ in the way, 
 
 " When we were ready to fct out, our hoft muttered 
 fomr words in the ears of our cattle, which I after- 
 wards learnt from our guide, wcredirci5lion> whitlier 
 they fliould carry us ; for fo credulous arc thel'e poor 
 writrhes as to think the beafU uiulerlland them. 
 Huwryer, cudom has made this muttering fo familiar 
 to them, that when our hoft had gone to all the fix, 
 th.7 fct off at a proiligious rate, going over hills and 
 dales without keeping any beaten path, till fevcn 
 o'clock in the evening, when they brought us to a 
 village between two hill;, on the borders ot a great 
 lake. I'hcy ftopt at the fourth houfe in tiici>lace, 
 and beating the ground with their feet, the inader of 
 the houfe and fome of his fervants came out at the 
 noife, and having unharnelTcd our cattle, and taken 
 us out of the fledges, they gave each of us a brimmer 
 of brandy, poured from a juniper can, of which 
 wood all their vcfl'cls arc made: this it feems was to 
 revive our fpirif:, onr guides having informed them 
 that we were frightened at our been drawn fo fwiltly, 
 not having bern u'cil to that kindnf travelling. 
 
 •' When wc go* out of our fledges, our hoft con- 
 ducK-d us into liis hut, which, like the reft of the 
 cottages in the place, was very little, low, and covered 
 with the bark of trees, the light entering in at a hole 
 in the top. The people feemed here more barbarous 
 than tliofe we had lafl converfcd with : however, we 
 gave our hoft a piece of our roll tobacco, about two 
 inches long, and a piece not quite fo long to each of 
 the inhabitants of the place, to engage their (ricnd- 
 (hip. Their language was very different from that 
 of the people of Varanger, from which we were now 
 very diflant, having travelled above thirty leagues 
 this day. 
 
 " After fupper we lay down on bear-(kin$, as 
 ufual, having (irft exchanged with our hod, our 
 Lapland habits, for thofc that were longer and more 
 commodious, ,ind bartered fomc tobacco far the (kins 
 of an hundred grey fquirrels, a fur much efteemcd in 
 Denmark and other parti of Europe. I'hc next day 
 the people provided us with fix other fledges, and hav- 
 ing treated us with brandy, and wifhed us a good 
 journey at parting, our hod performed the fame cere- 
 mony of muttering in the ears of the fix rein-deer, and 
 they then fct off, and drew us with the fame fwifinefs 
 as before. Our cattle did not ftop till three o'clock in 
 the afternoon, at which time we arrived at a village 
 of eight cottages, pleafantly fii'iated by the ftdc of a 
 woon on the top of a hill. Here we faw no in- 
 habitants, the rcafon of which, as our guide told us, 
 was that it bel«n|ed to the KUops, one of the wildefl 
 - . ,-' Laplwid 
 
 
I768J 
 
 TRAVELS IV RUSSIA AND SIRF. RIA. 
 
 5^'* 
 
 i\ 
 
 •if iho nictfopolif, ami will when liiiilhci! be a |wiki:i 
 I'tnt. I'll.- ji4iJiiis ,iri- l;iiJ mit m tlic lii^-lidi l.ilti 
 by * injii "f KiiJ' "uiit, who wa» fcnt dir by ibc 
 |iriiic'c 111) (lut aiiotiiit. 'I'hi; n.iiure cif tlic urmiMj, 
 mill a fine pi.ri.- ol w.itrr iu:ir llic houlc, yavt liKii 
 (kiipc tor his n^imn. On my iiliirn Inim hriin , I 
 f.iw llu' mv.il |).il4n- 111 /..uliD-Zilii i lliis w,i> built 
 by h.li/.alHlli, ,iml !■. llic cuiiijikli It liuimph i.l a 
 barh.iiouN i.ilb- I lutvc (1.111 in th' If mjiihi in l.in^. 
 diinis. I'liu lilualiiin in bnv, ;wul iiimm.iiiiU h.uilly 
 any priifpi-v-l, nor h:i>i .my ii.aui il jilv.inl.ii'.r iml.nm 
 furli .1 |iiilcrincc. Il !■. \i ry Lnn'-'. .U"' 'hi.- !i"i>l 'i- 
 tiiiilj ti) a great lin^'.li, a!> tliire is (inly on' (tor) 
 bclidLS ihe^rminil 1Up<ji>. All iIh' i .i|iiMl» cj' the pil- 
 lar!, the lt.itue>, uiul minv oihii- puis ul ihc lAUr- 
 n.il lliui'lnre, are ,;ilt ; nor ilois ihr eye ft.irie nri t 
 any lliing elle, in Uie apiiliiunts «iiliin. One rci >m 
 is 111 a very p'-i uli ir ani uiiiiinimoii llyle ot m;i;;nili- 
 cenco, the liili* iif it beiiit; enliuly tunipulid "I 
 limber, on whiib arc ililpoleil iLit.Kms, ami nihcr 
 ornaininls of iIk' fame. Its lraiili>.ntm'v, .nul ibe 
 lOiifeiouCners of itsr.iiitv. have a fiiu i iKtI. This 
 i*as a prckiit of tlie riij;iiii\ ; kini; of I'liidia to llie 
 late cmpiels. Her ptikiit m.ijilly priteis this )i.ilace 
 to any ot thcothei'; ; ami when here Ihc is in retreat, 
 »i ill town at the IKiniii.i;;e. 
 
 A. VI ON (J the c.Mentive tcriiloiie.of ilnC/.nrina 
 is Siberia, which if ue ni.iy biliivt Ic.me moihin tr.i- 
 vcllers, is far fiom being incapable of improve- 
 ment. 
 
 It is to this province that the Rnfli.ins grnerallv 
 banilh Inch iriniinaK, as not havii..', inpiilcJ iballi, 
 are yet ai'juilgril worthy of livere pniiifhun'nt ; ami 
 inJecd ttiLle unhappv I vilis, for the niofl part, fiift". 1 
 f.) much (lurinj; ihvir baiiilhnirni, whiih is oltiii fur 
 life, that it were h.-lter for ihem to fall by iIk' liamis 
 of the executioner, than thus to diag on a milcrable 
 cxilhncc. 
 
 The frontiers of Siberia are for the mod part well 
 garriloneJ, whithis very necell'.irv, to piiftivc them 
 from the iiuuiiions of fuch of the Tartar tribf, a' 
 arc Jifpoful to commit ileprcdations iip'in their iiei;^h- 
 bours. 
 
 The religion of this priwince is fallnl Nicholatian. 
 The judiciary proccedirr^s are all txpfiit ioiilly t.riiii- 
 naled, for all their courts of julliee are eoll^t^ of 
 equity. There are no pettifoi;;;tis that prey upon the 
 innocint and unwary, and under pretence ot reliiv- 
 ing innocence, ami fuecouiin^ diftrefs, enrich ihem- 
 fclvcs with the fpoils of the widow and the fathcr- 
 Icf;. 
 
 The people of Siberia arc grave, robuft, fwift, and 
 very ikxtt roils at fliootiny at tir- crofs-bow, but they 
 are ignoiant, churlilb, and jealous i}( tlnir wives, 
 whom they generally lock up; and even if they do 
 not, none of them dare tjuit their rooms w ithout leave 
 of their hulLands. 
 
 The adulterers of either fcx arc ftoncd to death ; 
 tlic murderer I'eldom efcapcs with his lil'c; perjury is 
 moll feverely punched, and the robber generally meets 
 with his delerts. 
 
 Tobolefl{, orTobolIke, is the chief city of Sibe- 
 ria, whof' jutifdiclion extends fouthvvard, beyond 
 iia'/apa, from W'archaluria to the river Oby 1 tall- 
 ward to Samojedia ; northwaid to Ollialki ; and 
 weftvvaid to VA'.i, and the river /.u/.jvv.ija. This pro- 
 vince is every where well peopKd, as well by Ruf- 
 fians who depend on hulbandry, as by all forts of na- 
 tions, particulaily Tartars and heathens, who pay 
 tribute to her Czarifli majefty. Corn is fo very cheap 
 there, that a thoiifaiid<icrman pounds of rye flour, 
 may be puichafed for fixtcen cops ; and as for flefh, 
 the piice of an ox is coinmonlv two rix dollars; t»o 
 and an half about eleven fhillings I'.nglifli money ; 
 and that of an indilferent large hog is from thirty to 
 thirty-live (livers. Kefides, the river Irtis produces 
 fuch a prodi^;ious quantity of fid), that a (turgcon, 
 wcighini; forty pounds, is to be bought for five or fix 
 cops or (livers ; ami thelc fiOi are fo far from being 
 lean, that when they are boiled their fat appears the 
 
 Vol. I. No. .^9. 
 
 m.ijilly i whin he vs;is purftiiii, he and his toii'paniajis 
 fled up the liver K.una, ami fiom thmce into the 
 
 iliicknefs of a fiM(;cr. Here are great plenty of .ill 
 lorn of wildbi.ids, asilks, il.i^s, deir, hates, \> . 
 .iiid of wild lowl, viz. pheiianls, p.irlii'j.is, Iwais, 
 wild geile, duekn, and llutk", all v\ hich aic che.ipei 
 ih.iM beef. 
 
 ThiN city is feiured by n Aron? guriifonof well 
 .iiiiK'd foldieis, v«ho uiioii oiil.i> liu'ii be C'/.ai~, 
 cin briiij; ^r.oo men u.to tlie f'vld •, bi fides which, 
 here are liveral thoiiiand ot i'jilii-, w hf> fervc 
 their C/.ariih niajclUcs ail u.i ho. ib.^ck on o.ca- 
 
 flMll. 
 
 Slrollinn iiu'iifion' in tbi' w fl, upon tb.ir l'/.iri(h 
 iii.ijellies Imntiiis, aii- vu v fi( ipii ni'y m.nle by tlv; 
 K-ilinuck-, llie Cof'ik I >iJa, ai..l tli.,- Iiilij.-cl« ot tli-. 
 ral(iili.iin, or^<'Viriinr id thi. Hu. Iian .n T.oiars ; 
 lielidis vshiili, the LlHi'ier ,iiid 1) l..iri.in I'ariai, 
 commit lev'ral iiifolinces ; hut tbifebii.!- of |.|iv atJ 
 immediately oppolid and npulfed by the Ti.b.dif- 
 Ikiaiis. 
 
 This city is alfo the place of refnlence of the ine- 
 liop'iliian or chu f et.Klliflic, who i^ bit liom 
 .Molidvv biilur, and evl'lllll^ Ipiriiu.d jti. ildiclioii 
 over .ill Sibeiiaand D.oiiia. 
 
 About a entry a'.o, ibis ciiv, and the whole prn- 
 vime of Sdieria, Incline fiibjivt to lie L'/ir, by the 
 folliiwiii:; accident. Ji nm.ik Tinu 1. iev> it/, a cer- 
 tain robber in the rii;.',n of Ciar Ham \\ al..iwit7, 
 h.iviiig plunJiriil link-, and all the em , iiijacent 
 eouiriics, had gri.iily iiijiirid tho'c i-l Ins C.Miilh 
 
 Mjilly i wl 
 
 ed up the 
 Ivv/.uvaja, which falK into the lCam.1, wh.'ielie the 
 l.iiuls ot Slraninort', (..inous for his v.dl c(l..k- anJ 
 vvoiks, whnli taki- up the ^rnatid pan of ihelhore, 
 .iiid (In tell to the kn^ih of -o (ii.riii..n n.i.i' It 
 was this rich man's giaiid-lallur 'li it he appliel him- 
 klf to (or proiecliiMi, and be.i^id his inicn ll in ob- 
 taining his CzaiiOi nipji liv's pardon, ortVrlii.; at the 
 fame time, by way of ali'iiemitit for hi -i kllonioiis 
 eriines, to reduce the whole province ol S.beria to be 
 (uliji'iil to the Czar; pui fiiint t.. which he alio ob- 
 t.iiiied from the ahovenunti.iiud Stia^inolt', alhllancc 
 of barks, arms, and necilTai y worliinin ; and thus 
 provided, and accompanied with his fillow robbers in 
 li^'ht balks, he palled up the river Senbu nkoy, whicit 
 runs by the north-call part of the \Verch ituriaii 
 hills, and falls into the Iwzaw.ijaj thenec he con- 
 veyed his equipage by land to the river Toi^in, oit 
 v^hich he failed into the Tura, took the fort of Tu- 
 nieen, fituate thereon, razed it to the ground, and 
 advanced up the river Tobol to Tobolclk, where then 
 refided a Tartarian prince, aged about 12 years, whpfe 
 name was All ''lai Kut/jumfwitv. This city he 
 likewife att ' .d and took with fmall lofs j after 
 which he ca. : .' he prince prifoncr to Mofcow, and 
 put the conquc • '. city into a better polliirc of de- 
 fence. 
 
 After this fuccefs he proceeded down the river Jeti- 
 foh ; but was let upon in the night by a party of Tar- 
 tars, not far from Tobolefk, who cut on a great 
 many of his men, and he himfelf endeavouring to 
 (lep from one bark into another, leaped (bort, and by 
 reafonof his heavy armour, irrecoverably funk to the 
 bottom ; his body w as carried away by the force of 
 the dream, and never found. In the mean while 
 Straginod" had obtained the Czar's pardon for Jere- 
 mak i and fevcral Mufcovitc odicers and I'oKliers came 
 and garrifoned and fortified the places which he had 
 taken; and from this juncture the Czar's fovercignty 
 over Siberia is to be dated. 
 
 Mod of the inhabitants of the country near the 
 river Irtis arc Rudian Jemdcicks, who arc in the an- 
 nual pay of her Czarilh majcdy, for which they fup- 
 ply the way-wodes, that arc ordered this way, and 
 all other pcifons who travel on the Czarifli affairs in 
 Siberia, with free carriages and men to work } ami 
 arc obliged to carry them by water, as far as Surgut, 
 fituate on the Oby, at a very rcalbnable price. Thefi: 
 people keep great numbers of does, which they make 
 uli' of to travel with in winter, for it is utterly im- 
 7 Cj poflibU 
 
379 
 
 T R A V F. r, S IN R f S S I A AND SIBERIA. 
 
 [1708 
 
 ' I 
 
 podible to p-\h lhi< country with linrl'c- drill, by rea- 
 foil th.it riiincliini.> tlic rnow oii the Uby il .ibuve a 
 fjlhomdnp. 
 
 Thtle iliigi ,irr y'lVnl two tn carh florf, whiih i* 
 for that purpolt- nuilc very li^hl .iii>l thin, uiid ran 
 c.irrv from two to thne huiiJrrd Cirrmaii wrii;ht. 
 Ncilhrr the IKJ nor the llo,',^ aic huit by the (now, 
 but both run vrrv l«illly i)\ir, lraviii|; a ttarc only 
 •it llic ilrpih ofafin:;ir's brrailth. homr of ihilr 
 dojjn know iH-torc hanil whither thrrr is a likelihood 
 of any •.«ork to he (or thini, »\ we art tiild ; and if 
 Ih.y arc likely to be eniploynl, they lieiJ tii(;etlMT in 
 crowds, aiul hov^ ! in a difnial manner, whence ihiir 
 malJers draw their pri(,ige«, If whet) they arc on the 
 way, th.y arc inilinid lohtint, the maner takr< hi» 
 
 Sun on iiit Ihouldcr, and puts «n lii« long duling 
 ioc«, with which he i^ocj over the ice, takes his ilopn 
 with him, anil Heps a little way into a wood, turns 
 Up all manner ot wjIJ game, perhaps a line black 
 fox i and the (kins of the •jame are the maflei'i, and 
 the flefli he gives the dops. Thus they make a fuf- 
 fei.nt and very pro(it.ihlr ufc of thc(i: draught dogs, 
 winch aic middle- I'l/.rd, fliarp-nol'ed, with long-cie^hd 
 cars, and carry their tails crookinl, fome of whitli 
 arc likr* wolves or (oxes, infuniuch that as they lie 
 allirp ill the woods, they are fometimes by miltake, 
 iliot for one cf thole two fpecies ; to countenance 
 which, it is alfu certain, that thefe ilogs mix their 
 fti.iin bya promiCcuous copulation with that of uolvcs 
 ani' ("Xes ; when.e it is that whenever a roiirfing 
 match happens ain«ii);the inh.ihit.mts ot the vilii^es, 
 they ("ind a great inimbcr of both I'pecics near the vil- 
 lages, av nath Uen liequently obferved. 
 
 The banks of the Oby arc inhabiled by a people 
 called Dltiatks, who woiftiip tcrnltrial f;ods, but 
 acknowledge, (hat aecoulini; to nature, there murt be 
 a Loril in heaven, that poveriis all ; nevcrthelct's they 
 do not pay any worfliip at all to him, but have their 
 own pods made cf vsocd and earth, in feveral human 
 fhapes. Some of the liched amoni;(l thcmdrrfs thife 
 •Icitics in I'llken cloaths, made alter the f.ilhion ol 
 the Rjlfian women. All of them have thel'e idols 
 placed ill their hut , which are made of barks of trees, 
 fewed tog< thcr with bans guts. 
 
 On one fide cf the god hangs a bunch of human 
 and hoife-hair, ai'..l next that a wooden vcffll, with 
 milk pap, with which they daily fupply their gods, 
 and thrull it into their mouths with a Ipoon, made for 
 that purpofc, but by reafon the idols cannot fwallow 
 this (heinnilk diet, it runs out au'ain at both fides of 
 their mouth, down their bodies, in fucli a filibv man- 
 ner, as is (uflieient to difgiilt one from caiing that 
 diet. When this nice f;od is to be worfliipped or 
 prayed to, his adorers ftand bolt upr.ght, .ind tois their 
 heads up and down, without bending their backs in 
 the leall ; befides which they chirrup or whiitle 
 through the lips, as we do when we call a dog. 
 
 They call their gcxl Saicurn. Mr. Ides in his tra- 
 vels from Mofcovy to China, tells the following plea- 
 fant ftory, of the idolatry of thefe people. " ()nce, 
 (fays lie) feveral (^tliacks came on board the (hip in 
 whieh I was, to fell us fifli, and one of my fervants, 
 a Nurcnburgh-bcar in clock-work, which when 
 wound up, drummed and turned his head backwards 
 and forwards, continually moving his eyes, till the 
 work was down. Our I'eople let the bear at play a 
 little i and asfoonas ever the OOiacks fa^ it, all of 
 them performed to it their cullomary religious wor- 
 Ihip, and danced exeefTivily to the honour of the 
 bear, nodding their heads, and whiftling at a great 
 rate. They reprefcntcd our btar for a right Saiturn, 
 crying out. What arc our Saiturns which wc make? 
 If we had fuch a Saiturn, we would hang him all 
 over with fablesand black fox-flcins. They alfoafkcd 
 if this clock-work was to be fold ; but I ordered it 
 out of their fight, to avoid adminiKcring any occa- 
 fion of idolatry." 
 
 They have as many wives as they can maintain, 
 and marry their near relations without any fcrupic : 
 If a rel'iiion dies, they cry inceflantly for feveral 
 
 diy«, covering their brads, and fittinc on their knrcs 
 in their huts, and >sill not (uHi r thrmfrliea to be 
 fern ( but they carry the corps on poles to the ground 
 to be buried. They are a poor people, and live vriy 
 mifrrable in forry huts. They might indeed live Wi II, 
 (inec all pans near the Oby, abound with great quan- 
 tities of rich (iirs i bcfide that, ilieic is extraordinary 
 good tilhing in that river, in(umurh that 10 large 
 llur(;eons may be bought of them (or fhiee penny- 
 worth of tobacco ) but they are fo horrid la/.\, that 
 thev do not defirc to gel any more than will barely 
 fiirticc lluin annually lor the winter; (or when they 
 travel, they rat mollly filh, cf|Kciully when they art 
 on the water filhiiig, for thrn thry five on noiliiiig 
 ell'r. I'hey arrof a middle Kature, mod of them yel ■ 
 Jowifh or red haired ; and their f.ues and notes difa- 
 greeably hrn.id ; they are weak, .md unable to labour 
 hard, not at all inclined to warv, and iiltcily iiiua- 
 pahle of military exrurfioiii. Uow> and arrows me 
 their weapons, with which they (}i>iOt Wild beads, 
 though not much addii^Kd to this riihrr. 'I'hcir 
 rIoatlisconfiK of ftiirgcoii and other fi(h-fkins, and 
 they wear neither linen nor woollen ) their fliocs and 
 itockings are faltencd together i and they wear a fliort 
 coat with a cape, whieh in eafi: of rain they pull over 
 their heads. Their (hoes are alfo made of liih-llcins, 
 and arc fewed fall to their (lockings, but not clolely, 
 fo that their feet mw(} nrcelTarily be always wet. 
 ^Vllen thev arc upon the water, nolwitIiftan<ling the 
 thinncfs of their ilralhiiii;, they will bear extraor- 
 ilinarv great cold ; (or if it be but aeoimnon winter, 
 they are no better eloatlicd than abovcinentioiied j but 
 if the winter prove hard, thofe who are thus cloathed, 
 are nereditatiil to put another coat of the fame fort 
 of fifh-fkin over that ; and they rxprcfs this fevere 
 winter amont^ft one another, by faying. Do you like 
 the winter that forces one to wear two coats of (kins f 
 Thev fomctimes go a hunting in the winter with a 
 (inrle cnat only, and their hrcaHs bare, depending 
 upon warming thcmfelves quickly with Aiding ana 
 running over the iee in their leales, orfluliiig (hoet ; 
 but if, as it often times happens, they are overtaken 
 by an extraordinary fevere froft, and it feems utierl/ 
 improbable toefcape or favc their lives, (fo incredibly 
 docs it fometimcs freeze on the Oby) they with the 
 utmoft hafte throw of}' their fi(h-flcin coat, and fling 
 themfelves into the derpeft fnow, and willingly freeze 
 to death : the reafon why they put od their coat is, 
 only that they may die tfie fooner .ind with much lelii 
 pain. 
 
 The womens cloaths are almoft like the men ; the 
 men's greatcft diverfion is bear-hunting, to which 
 fport they gather together in crouds, armed with no 
 other weapon than a (harp iron, like a large knife, 
 Hxcd to a (tick, about a fathom long. 
 
 When an Olliack is jealous of one of his wives 
 with another man, he cuts fome hair off the under part 
 of a bear's (kin, which he carries to the man whom 
 he fufpeih : if he be innocent, he then accepts it ; but 
 if he be guilty, they believe he dare not venture to 
 touch it, but acknowledges the truth, and then ami- 
 cably makes up thebuftnefs with the hufbancl, and the 
 wife is fold. Put if any (hould prefumc to be fo 
 ra(has to take the hair, though hewasguilty, thry 
 tell us they .ire »(!' id, that the bear's (kin from 
 whence that hair viaii .11 off, will again b'Tome a 
 living-bear, whirh after the expiration of three days, 
 will appear in the woods, and tear the perjured wretch 
 to pieces, who was not afraid fraudulently to receive 
 his hair in order to deny the truth. On this occalion 
 they invoke bows, arrows, axes, und knives, and 
 firmly believe that if any guilty takes any of thefe, he 
 (hall certainly be killed by ihole individual indru- 
 ments, which he accepts, within the fpacc of a few 
 days, which is not only avered by themfelves, but alfo 
 unanimoufly backed by the RuiTians, who live all 
 round thrfe parts. 
 
 Buratz is a fortrefs, the country about which is 
 inhabited by Buzartians ; of whole manners, and 
 thofc of the neighbouring people, the following ac- 
 count 
 
1768] 
 
 TRAVELS IN RUSSIA AND SinERlA. 
 
 S7« 
 
 ciiuiit ii fxtraflcd from M. I. '% TrJvrN, Thr 
 liuulc* of ihrfc ptopK: iirc built nt lome clHlinrr fnnii 
 cull (iilur, .!« in vill.ii;is, ami ;ire (^inpr.illv fitti.niJ 
 m ihr li.li- ol » river. Cl'ile to tlnir doon fc.ir.il 
 polrn iiri; crcili J ill ihc grounil, nii lume ol wliiili 
 iiri' Itui'k Dii'ip, 1)11 iiihcri bucks, mid fume f.illcii 
 bmll lii'l('« on thciii. 
 
 In (jiiini; .mil aiilunui ihry ,!"i out by hiindrc>l«, in 
 » troop on hiirlib-ick, to bunt ltt(>i, v»ilil (Iwcp, .in.l 
 rot-buck*. When ihev havi- found a pbri- when- 
 Ibi-rc ii umir, lluy r^n 'i' thimllvi* in ciuuLir onlcr, 
 To that tiny cjn ciiily cmnr np.ir one another, by which 
 in furh 4 riii.!, liny will bunt together, and en- 
 tonip.ili lonu' hundriiN nf brnds ; Mui having once 
 j|;ot Ibcm within rr.nli ot ihiir .irrows, every one lct» 
 fly, fo that very (cw of ihi biall* clciipe, each biintrr 
 b('ini> fowcll provided as to nuke thirty (holt fuccif- 
 fivily. 
 
 After himtin'^, each himirman eafily finili his ar- 
 rows, by their pe uliar ir..irk<i ; but there li one gri.it 
 mi>fortunc aliending this way of bunting, which iv, 
 thai ih< V unaw.ircs fri'(|iiriitly (hoot one another, aiul 
 the holies are often wound'il. They flcin their game, 
 cut the fl.lh troin the bones, and dry it in the fun ; 
 on this provilion they live as Ion); as it lalks, and when 
 it is gone, they go out a hunting a^ain. 
 
 Thiife who want oxi'n or caimis of an extraordi- 
 nary lize to convey their gomls t» China, are obliged 
 to buy them of tiufc people, who will noi deal for 
 money, but receive in exchange of the bu\ers, pale 
 fables, pewter, copper biloii , red Hambutj;h rlnih 
 otter (kins, ami I'crtian filks of all colours, in winch 
 commoditie!. tin- pi ice of an ox is not above tnur or 
 five rubles, and that uf a camel fcldum exceeds tenor 
 twelve rubles. 
 
 Both men and women of this country are lar(;e, 
 robull, and have tolerable liandruinc features. In the 
 winter both fexes wear Ions coats made of (heep-fkin<, 
 with a bioail girdle tipped with iron. They h.tve a 
 fort of caps w liicli Ihev draw over their ears in cold 
 weather j and in fumnier they wear coat* of a light 
 red cloth. Tliefe people never cut the nails either of 
 their hands or feet, nor arc ever walhed, except at 
 the time of their birth j fo that they make a very nafty 
 appearance. The hair of the unmarried women 
 flicking faif toi;e'her in plaits, (lands an end, and 
 makes them look juft as Envy is rrprefented by the 
 painters. The married women haveonlv two plaits, 
 which han^down on each tide of their heads, adorned 
 with all lolls of tin (i;;ures. 
 
 When any of them die, they are buried with their 
 hrrt rloaths, bows, and arrows. Their religion con- 
 flits of worfhipping the dead bucks and (heep which 
 arc ftuck upon ihcir poles before their houfes, at fc- 
 veral times of the year, as long as Ihey continue un- 
 puiri(ied. Their adoration of tbcm is performed by 
 bowing the head, while they arc kneeling with their 
 hands clafpcd, without either prayers, or fo much as 
 fpeaking one word. 
 
 This is the only divine fervice they arc acquainted 
 with, nor will they learn any other. They have in- 
 deed ffvera! prirfts, whom, when they think proper, 
 tbcy kill and bury, together with cl'<aths and money, 
 alledging it is neceflary to fend them (iill to the other 
 world to pray for them, and that ihcy ought to hau- 
 money to fpend, and cloaths to wear, left they (hould 
 be driven to neceflity. 
 
 Whi-n they arc to take an oath, they go to a hill 
 which they citccm facrcd, and upon this nifl they take 
 the oath, (irmly believing that the falfe fwearcr (hall 
 never come down alive. To this hill they frequently 
 o(Fer up all forts of llaughtered cattle, and have paid 
 a veneration to it for many years i but upon what 
 tradition this reverence is founded, is not as yet 
 known. 
 
 In this neighbourhood is found themufk cat. This 
 animal is almoll like a young buck, without horns, 
 with this difF..rence, that its hair is a little black, and 
 ihe head rcfcmbl.'S that of a wolf. The Chinefe call 
 this animal Yclicain, that is Mu(k-h»rt, on account 
 I 
 
 ol Its likrnels to a ftig i hut befiiles the diflimilaudo 
 III tbr hrnil, it hath Iwu iijlk< like that of a wil I b > ir, 
 whith llick out of Us mouili. The mull. i> cuii- 
 I. lined in a certain (wi llini; al the navel, like a little 
 purle, which is compufid uf a tbiii (km, covered with 
 a VI rv fine hair. 
 
 I'liilip Martinus, in his Chinefe Atlas, givct the 
 liillou'ingdefcription of ihis anm al : 
 
 *' The mu(k-i at is aliiudl like a young hart or dof, 
 only iliil he is fomculiat biowiui, .mil fo Hovs' and 
 iinao)ive,that the hiiiiler's grcaitif ilifliculty is in put* 
 ting hull up i for l bat once dine, be is inimriliatrly 
 (hot, lor he lutieieih h nifell tamelv lobe klled, ' iih- 
 oiit either ileleiidiiig hin.lill or (lirringi the mulk, of 
 which there are vaiious (urts of dirt'ereiit value', i( 
 prepared from this he .ill in the following manner. 
 
 " After he u ink n, all his blooj is drawn off 
 and reiei vcd ) and tmn. iindi r his navel is taken nut a 
 bladder, that is hlUd with blood, or fome other odc- 
 riferoiis liquor ihrrc concreUil i after which the ani- 
 mal is n> ail and cut to pieces. 
 
 " When the Cliintle defign to make the bcft fort, 
 tbcy take the hinder part of the animal, beginning 
 from the kidneys, which ihey (tamp .ind bruife to a 
 j lly, which Ihey dry, and there with it fill the fmall 
 bags, which tbcy make of the (kin of the heart. 
 
 " Hut if they di fire a (lighter fort of mulk, which 
 (hould yet he very good, ami not at all fophillicated, 
 they then be-at all the parts of the animal together, 
 without any diltin£tion, to a jelly, with a little ojt 
 his blood, in a mortar, with which, ai before, they 
 (ill up the bags made of the hide. 
 
 " Ue(ii!"s thefe two, then is another fort of mulk, 
 which is highly valued, though not fo good as cither 
 of the former. T'his is prepared of the fore-part of 
 the animal to the kidneys, which they particularly 
 lay by the reft o( his body, in order to make the com- 
 mon nuilk; lo that none of this creature is thrown 
 away, but all parts of it arc good ; whence it is faid 
 to be better dead than alive." 
 
 Thus far Martinus i we will now purfueoiir au> 
 thor. ■ 
 
 After travelling fome days, he arrived at the t ity of 
 Jakutkoi, which was large and populous. In this 
 city, grain, fait, (le(h and (i(h, were very clieap : 
 an hundred weight o( rye was fold for fevcn (divers. 
 For fome miles round the city, the land is very fruit- 
 iul, and corn grows in great abundance i liefldes 
 which great numbers of Ruffians have fettled here, 
 and it is inhabited by fome hundreds of villagers, where 
 they follow agriculture, with great indullry and fuc- 
 ccfs. 
 
 Oppofltc to the city on the eaft fide, is a burning 
 cave, which for fome years before Mr. Ides waj there 
 burnt very violently, but was then almoft extinft { 
 it is a large cleft in the earth, and on a long pole, be- 
 ing put into it, it felt very warm. 
 
 Near this city was a very fine cloifter, in which 
 lived a Mongalian Baron, who had put liimfelf un '.-r 
 the proteilion of their Czarifh majellies, and em- 
 braced the Greek Chriftian religion. 
 
 This gentleman had a firter, who, according to the 
 Mong.ilian cuftoms lived in the devoted fpiritual ftate, 
 and wasalmoll inclined to receive the Chriftian faith. 
 When any one difcourfcd with her on that fukjcct, (he 
 ufed to reply, " I am fatisficd that the Cbriltiana 
 Uod muft neceflarilv be a (trons God, fi \c • h ■ will 
 return thither, though he (li:,ll again be b aten 
 down." 
 
 Uur author paid a vifit to this lady, who on her 
 entering the room falutcd no perfon, her order not ad* 
 milting of fuch condefcenlion. Sue had a rofary or 
 firing of beads in her hand, which (he conftantly 
 pafled round through her fingers. There was with 
 her a lama, orpricli, who had alfo a Itring of beads 
 in his hand, which he very fwiftly ant inceffantly 
 turned over through his fingers, continually moving 
 his lips, as though at his devotions; and with this 
 perpetual telling of his t>eads, his thumb wa': worn 
 through the (lc(h aad nail up to Uic knuckl.- 1 
 
 which 
 
 ..•>.;r . 
 
 *(« 
 
 'h 
 
'r^ 
 
 ■ i 
 
 TRAVELS IN R U * 9 I A AND SIBERIA. 
 
 wliii-li Ini II?, Ii I M rulibcil ort' by very flow iligrco, 
 ili<l n<ii )>. ill liiiii ai ill. 
 
 .Mr. |il.» ,inj hi> rcilniif h i»in" rrtiulnnl fuim 
 ti''<ii' J( jdKu'lkiii, lit t<irA.ir,l III ll' J.'i'< I'll iIk' licit 
 .utM4ri.M, t.iw.uil^ the l,iki' dI H.iiki'l« wliiili liny 
 rtM'hiil iMi iIk- iDih III till' liiiK' iiiiiiiili, miJ liiiJin^ 
 it Iti'^i II ii|i vrrv luiil, pill. ll I.1I1 Iv nvi r. 
 
 Ill Ilk" <>l li.iik<>l i< .ilioiii loriv (itrnun iiiilo. 
 lull)!, ii'il |i\ luri.iil. Till' ill- III II W.IS •iluiiit n hi 
 ft-cl inuk. I luiL' .irr CMiliiiioiily in it Kt'iT;il liinkcii 
 pbc < or wind III. Its, mIikIi imi IkIhl; Im/iii ii|<, 
 piovi' \i'rv lUii 'I i>iu« to li.iu'llir» whin |iii|irilnl wilh 
 jliuw III ltiii|> lliiniK wiilili : III till' hirl'v, il nut 
 (haip Iho'l, .HI- (liivt'ii In unliiiily by ilic imv >>l ilic 
 
 n :ilil<i lh.lt till V ('.iniliil III All lull', bill l.ilUll'j; nil llir 
 ill, .111' hill I ml nil hy llu' wiiiil, till llky .iiiil ihi 
 
 flcil;'!' Ill' IvJIllWl'il ll|l ill IIIIL l>l thulc I'l'lll I'Ihi'i'., 
 
 by » liiih hilt It lioiii's Jinl luliiii^ci* Jt.- iiiUllilh |.>ll : 
 brliili'*, to ;iii,<iiuiit till' il.iii^ir, lIu' iii' uliliu l.iki' l^ 
 limicliiiK* torn opt ii li'ur.il l.4lhi<'iu hv In lilcn \Mnil>, 
 M'liiiii nuki' .1 noil'i .1« luiiil 4l\^ tiiiilili' .Ik tliiin Ici 
 cl.ip« i hut .ilt^r thi' iX|iii.iiioii ol :i liw lioiir«, tlic ice 
 juint .i;'..i;i, .111.1 r.'oii liivuiiii t .is cliilt' .11 III loll-, 
 
 Tliei-ainilt .mil ox. 11 which travillcr'. tikt with 
 Ihcili MM tlii'ii I'Uiiniv to C'hiii.i, arc iihli^iil to p.ilt 
 over lhi« l.ikc Iroiii [jkuillini \ in uidrr to whiili ilir 
 Ciinicli hnvc a kui.l nl b.i il ticJ jbout ihcir k-.'*, whiih 
 i« very Hmip ut the b.itiinii i an.) the oxen jre pro- 
 viiled uich Ih.irp ihiih Ihuek through tli: ir hool's, 
 without uhicli II vvDiiiJ b.' iinpoinble lor tliiin tu ^u 
 turw^iid;. 
 
 The «.itcr Pi thi* l.ikc is cleir, tadii. very fri'lh, 
 iiiil yet it H of a deep L'leen, like th.il ol the ocean. 
 Where the lee w.is opni, our .luclior trii|iii lulv <'h- 
 lervcil a grc.it iiiiniber of li .i-doj.;-*, uml lilh in (;ie.it 
 lhund.in''e, pariicul.iilv Duri^iiuis .nml pike-, luiiie 
 III' which he a(i'.tt» wtiyhcd two liuiiJied Cicrnuin 
 |iouiids. 
 
 VVc h.ivc .ilivadv mentioned the cuftom i>( lending 
 txilcH into .Sihrii.i, wliith.T perlons cl r.iiilc are fre- 
 cjuintlv banilhed .ilicr haiin;; iheir tiirs iiml mili'sflii, 
 orreciiviii;; roniL' rorpor.il piinilliiiiint. — In order to 
 give the rciJir a cUir iJea of this muter, we ftiall 
 here qu'ite tlic narrati.n of a traicllci, wlm converfed 
 with foinc I'l tin 1'.' iiiih.ijipy exiU-s thi re, together with 
 bin d-rcripiioii 01' the city of l'..pinowijorod, whither 
 he W.1S l;iiini', when he met with the adventure. 
 
 " Il.iviii;; lield on oui way (f.iy* he) tlmmgh al- 
 moft iinpallable foivlh, and over hi^h mountains, 
 at length, -after three hours jouriuy, as we ap- 
 pruach'.il a thick wood, we (bleived live nun in lonj^ 
 coat* of \>hite b.ars ftiii, nude alter t'le Miilcoiitc 
 talhion, each of »1ioim had a ^iin on hii. flioulder, a 
 poucii (III on.' fide, and a kmfe an. I llitalli on the 
 in'ier. As ihev ailvaiiecl towards us, our jiuide llop- 
 fH.i the fiin deer. When ilie five men luin;^ iie.ir 
 tniMioh to he li .ml, one of t lain perci ii iiij; lli.it »e 
 were HraiiL;«rs, b.id us t;ood-niorrow in the Gerinan 
 lon_'ue, w'lniin ; iney were as free as we were. Our 
 ruperear;;! Imn,; a ii alive of Lower Sjx.uiy, w.i.s at- 
 tr.iilcd by the fuiin.l of his own l.in;;uat|;e, and afkcd 
 him what cimiitiymjn he was; when enter in;; into 
 convi rfatioii, Imi.il tiiiii;;s were d.irted, hy whiih il 
 appeared thai tliev h.id bem inliiiiatc aci|u;iintanees. 
 'J'lic fuperiar^o now alii;liteil Irom his lledt;e, em- 
 br.iccd him, and enquired how he c;ime tin re; to 
 tvhich he repl.ed, tiiat he had been banilhed for hunt- 
 inn l*blis, a veiy tapit.i! oU'eiice. 
 
 " Wiiile tliev vieie ll ik oiirriiii;, I hid leilurc to 
 furvcy the other four, wlun one of tlum, of whole 
 fcitures 1 had fome idea, tiiDugh I could not infhnily 
 TecoUeel who lu- vva-, allccd inr in French whence J 
 tame, and wlutlier I was goin;;. l-'indint; that I 
 could not rtcidli^t linn, he told me his name, and 
 that he had often iliank with meat Stockholm. I 
 now knew him well ; he was a perfnn to whom I had 
 been gieatly obliged, liaving received many civilities 
 from him ill Sweden. He was a gentleman by birth, 
 a native of Lurrain, and lieutenant colonel of a rcgi- 
 in«ut uf Muleovice borfe. He had endeavoured tu per- 
 
 fi7'-l 
 
 lu.ide iiir III go with him to MofcoW, hy odiiiii^ !• 
 prot'Uie me a poll ol liiuiur and piolii^ hiii I had Je- 
 1 linrd till- p10p.1l.1l. 
 
 " Winii 1 eoiiip.irrd the fin- appi-arince he made 
 at that linir, the lelpu'l wiili whieh h; ivat Ireaudoil 
 aernunt of Ins ellite, his lank, and his ihaiactri, 
 iMth thr iiiilii.ibl'' euiiililioii to whii h I iinw law biiii 
 ir.liieed, I could not nliain Imm tiar>. I tnibiaecj 
 liini mill the utmoll Irii.'i mils , mil .illictioii, and en - 
 ■ lull III,' into the ejiife ot his dil^.|.it.i , he lepliid, that 
 ilic C/ II iiiijiillly liilptcliii,' hi Iniil not hern lo /lalout 
 inhisliivue as he i.ii^ht to luvi l>. en, bad I .inilhcil 
 liiiii III Silxiiafor three \eais, wheie he mdureil hard. 
 Iliips niii III beexpiellid ; brint: •xpofid to ihr i;ieat- 
 elt d in ;i'i\ in hunting' wild brails Im his liiMilianii, 
 to the tnifiiies ul hun^ir, and llie liujiir ul the Ka< 
 Ions, whiih he and his lompa. kmi^ were ubli;;ed to 
 iiiiliin, llu peilim daiin;>, to .ilbud iheiii the leall re- 
 iki. Me laid that liaiee .1 dav pallid but tliiy Wi re al- 
 l..cked hy wild bi'all<, wiiiih tliey met in herds ftck* 
 nil! lor prey, and ihal Ihi > licqu. iilly l..iind ):reat 
 dilHi iiliy III ilefi tiding thi mil Iks , that btlide>, ihcy 
 wue ohlii;ed to liipply ih. I'/.ii's i.lKcers with a icr- 
 tain number of fables, under the penally of bein^ fe- 
 verely lalhed with a whip of thick hard leather, oit 
 theii ii.iked backs, till thiy were covered with blood. 
 
 " One of the ntherj b.id been receiver-pcncral of 
 the C'/. ii's r venues, another had been a m.iior-(;ene- 
 lal, and a fifth a man of note. They all joined ill 
 iliplorin,', their mufoi tunes, exclaiming loudly a^ainli 
 the C/.ai, and deelarid, that whin once the tine: of 
 their exile wan txpiied, they would lake care to get 
 fai eiioiii;li out ot his power. WeoH'irid our bill en- 
 dc.ivniirs to laeililale th.ir efe.ipe ; but they told ut 
 this was impollilile, .ill the lii'iilius bein;; guardid by 
 (oris, 10 the (.onimandaMts of which their faces wcic 
 will kniiwii, and that nothing Ills than the ciuelell 
 death baibarity loiild ile\ile, winild be the ceitaiii 
 ci>nlii|urnce, both to thini ai.d us, for the attempt. 
 
 *' llaviii;; rcfrclhed them and ourfelvcs with fuch 
 provifions as we had wiili U', ue told them wc rc- 
 lidved to fjicnd a few In urs with them, for We could 
 lint iliink uf leaving lo very fuddenly, men whom 
 .\c had known in better days, wlicn fortune fniiled 
 upon them. 
 
 '* They rcccivid this propofal with great joy, told 
 us they h.id live little huts, which they had built in 
 the nei;.;biiurin^; wood, and if we would be lo kind to 
 i;o thither with them, they lliould be greatly obliged to 
 us, and all thr Ikins they had Ihould be at our fcr- 
 vice, except the fables, which they wcte obliged to 
 nliue fur the Czar : they adJed, that the remem- 
 bianccof the happy hours they Ihould fpindwith ui 
 111 tiiiir fulitude, would make many future months 
 p,lideinore fueetly. Wc immediately complied wilb 
 a rei|uil) fo politely and aireiilintily cnfoned, and on 
 apprnathing the huts, uc found that nerefTity had ren- 
 dered thefe unhappy men ingenious. They were built 
 of fir, and were higher and mure commodious than 
 any we had feen in our travels j there were two or 
 three rooms in each of them, and lattices to let in 
 the light at the fides. They were each |]i.idcd by 
 trees, and fo artfully paved with fi(h bones, that the 
 floors looked as if they were inlaid with ivory. To 
 defend themfilves from the depredations of wild be.lfts, 
 they had dug a trench round th:fc buildings, and 
 ereiited pallif.idiK's with flrong pods and pieces of wood 
 nailed acrofs them, on the tops of which uerr fpikes 
 of filh bones. Thus, when their gale was clofed, they 
 were as fecure as in a fortified place. They had within 
 .ill kinds of hunting and lilhing-tackic, bcfidcsagooj 
 (lore of failed rein-deer venifon, bifcuit, and me- 
 ihci^lin. 
 
 " While the reft of the company fat down to drink- 
 ing, the lieutenant colonel and I withdrew to bn, 
 hut to convcrfe together. Our convcrfation turned 
 chiefly on the wildernefs of the country, and the bar- 
 barity of its inhabitants i and his defcriptions were 
 fo lively and juft, as added greatly to the pidturr. 
 He told rue that when ths time of hit cxIIl flioulJ 
 
 ■i 
 
 % 
 
•w 
 
 1751 
 
 •1 
 
 TRAVELS FN RUSSIA AND SIBERIA. 
 
 t 
 
 kirxpirnl, hr intfnileil tu n-tiirn hom«i and favr im 
 mttlirretion in l.tirriin. When my lintiil .iii<i I ha<l 
 tirrJ ouilclvti *iih talking, wc ti>tnpi>lcil minilvc* 
 fo llerpi upon bear (kiiia, m our tnnipiniont ili>l 
 allii\tlK-nihry wire (irnliil drinking, and lU'pt I'uuiidly 
 (ill nrxt moriiiii):. 
 
 •• We ariid- c.iilv, .it tlif difiic of the five rxile«, 
 innk rach nt ii.i u |',<<ni 4iul uiiciidrd lliriii iii(i> (hr 
 wu<hI«, lom.iniiiu' tlii-ir fnarcs, lo Ice whjl prry '•\** 
 cau(;lil in thole they had laid the night lirloii. Wc 
 killed ten or twelve white fdX'-^, and hall a Jd/.iii 
 (jrey ni.iilin*, but itict viriih ninn- of the Irrjirr gin -. 
 At we intended to purine our jourinv '" the alternoon. 
 we did not chufc to lole miith time- in Kuniinc., but 
 reliiincJ to the hui», and h.ivin;; Hined luurtily, .tiid 
 di.iiik piniiil'ullv, wc took our leave, truly alfec'ted 
 at not bi-ing iible to relieve thofc uiili.ippy pcnlle- 
 nien. 
 
 *• At piriin|% they forced upon ii» fomc iruoius, 
 beari, Ioxia, .iiid woll« (kini, for v*hich they would 
 t.ike no moiii'v ; however, we prevailed on them to 
 accept fmie biaiulv, tobacco and cloth, which we 
 took c^rr (h'ull 1 xiceil in v.ilin' tlie cominiHlitii* they 
 hid nivrn ii>. Wc wrpi rrcipnirally nt partlni' ; and 
 haviiii; tikcn a lall farrwel, we nvrtintctlour fiedj^t*, 
 and purlutd our journey wi>h the ulual expedition. 
 
 " Inaboiit three hiiuri wecanie to five or li\ hut', 
 inli.il'ilrd by .■hout a dojtcn pcojile, of whom we liouf^ht 
 all ihcir (kiin ; and afterwards lutlowiiiK the courfc of 
 the river I'lf/ura, wc frcqiKiiily nut with liiiall vil- 
 lagCT, in foinc of which we fiMiiul inhabitant, and 
 in otheri none ■, but whenever v\e iiitcl with any body 
 lo trade with, we were lure of havin;^ Ikint either 
 for money or brandy, but none would venture lo fell 
 us fabler. Wc no* reached a larjje rid^e of moi:n- 
 taiin, that are alinolJ always covcrni with I'liow, and 
 In barren, that no huma:\ ci'ilurc can live upon 
 ihciii. On both fide* of ihc(c nioiint.iiiis w;io kaft 
 number', of white bears and wnKc», v*'hich put us in 
 fear of our livet i thou};b I am apt to believe thole 
 bcaftj were a« much terrified as \vc wtic, Inr they fled 
 from in on all fules, perhaps IrifOucned bv the i;littcr- 
 inj; of our arms, which wc took care to dil'play to the 
 belt advantage. 
 
 '• Wc were above twelve hours crortinj; thefe 
 mountains, over which our cattle had great difficulty 
 lo draw us; but we at length reached the defcent, 
 and foon arrived at a village in Siberia, where the peo- 
 ple hail linen ftiirts, clu^ bufkins, and garments nl 
 bear-fkins, with the hair outwards j they appeared to 
 be lefs barbarous than thole with whom we had lately 
 converfed, rcceivin.^ us with great hofpitality and 
 civility, afking our country and bufincfs. Having 
 refolvcd their (|ueflions, wc nought all their fkins for 
 ready money ; ftafted with them on dried bears and 
 wolfs fle/h, rice cakes, and bramly j and then (Icpt 
 upon hears (kin», in houfcs built after the manner of 
 thofe in Lapland. At our rifing, they treated us with 
 a glafs of brandy, and then we jet forward for Pa- 
 |jinowgrod, which place we reached in twenty-four 
 hours. 
 
 •• The governor hearing of our arrival, fent for 
 us, upon which we immediately waited on him, and 
 iinfwered all his queOions much to his fatisfaiftion. 
 When he underftmxl we were Danifti merchants, who 
 had travelled fo far to buy furs, he treated us in a very 
 friendly manner, and as a mark of his refpeiff, fent 
 for his wile to entertain us, which wasamoft fingular 
 honour. 
 
 •' She came into the room with a bottle of brandy 
 in one hand, ami a filver cup in the other, and was 
 followed by a fervint maid, who carried a plate of 
 gingerbread. We I'aluted her according to the cuftom 
 iif the ciiuimv, bv bowinj; our heads, when untying 
 the knot of her fhift fleevcs, (he let it fall to the 
 ground, and the fiipercarqo faking it up, we each of 
 us kifl'ed it. She then furled it up again with her left 
 hand, and taking the bottle and cup, which (he had 
 fet down to perform this ceremony, gave each of us 
 .1 hiimper of brandy, and gingerbread, ftandingall the 
 
 Vol.. I. No. 49. 
 
 Sfi 
 
 »hilc near hrr hulband at ih.- end of the ubtt. Sht 
 then withdriw, and the guveinor treated ui with an 
 excellent fuppti. 
 
 '* I'heentiit .iiimeiitbeiiii» ended, we wcreeondui^tcij 
 loihc Irdijingt piep ir. J fo' us in liiv lallle, and loii- 
 lidering Ihceoui'tiv, lay n Very ^ood bids. Having 
 llepi about Icvcn uurs, w- aroli, .ind tlic govcriiur 
 loDaiitly wailed on u , I M.wtd by a It ivilil with a 
 bottle of brandy, ui whiili h ((jve each ol 11 1 hearty 
 up lor a nlt•lll<l1^^ whet. He tin 11 produced hit 
 ikins, which lliuu.jh Ihev were Valued much higher 
 than any wc li id mri wit'i in uur travel., they wc^ 
 the bell woith our nioiK'V. 
 
 " Wliiii Ik hid difjiu I of his own (lock, he or- 
 dered one i.f hi* Itrv.iiits i'. ciu|uiic (or chapmen 
 amon^' th. jrople of the town , iiid w liilc ih'.- lu|)er- 
 c .rifo w . d"aling with the people, 1 div. ried niylelf 
 t. nn 'Aalking .ib»ut the town. 
 
 " The hiiulcs of I' piiiowarod arc low and meanly 
 built, of inu.l or woo.l, the ihinks being (lopped up 
 with inofs, and the llreetsare paved with limber, l.iii 
 dole lo'^i ih.r. Tlie country about it is vcty f rtile, 
 alio wi il watered In' ahnc river, in which there it va. 
 ticty III txcellent (illi. 
 
 *' The (icople of fafhion wear a loni; cloth coaf, 
 which reaches down to their toes, woh tery clofe 
 (leevcs of another colour, under whcli thev have 
 breeches, and (lockings of the f.iue ilotli. Their 
 (hoes, or rather their bo.ii>, aic of blue, nd, or 
 low colour, buttoned 111 ilic top ; and on ihei^ 
 hands they wear clotli I Ills, '•nd.md bordeud with 
 ermine, liible, or black (ox (kins. The wnmrii art 
 very handfomc, and fomewhat I'ai 1 their hair is of a 
 light cliefnut colour, hanging down to llieir waift, 
 and their head-drelt IS an oval cap | their upper gar- 
 ments, which like the men's, hang down to theic 
 icet, are made of a red, blue, or violet i oloured cloth, 
 and are lined either with fable, or white fox-(kin| 
 lluiMed with pearls, and iheir (hifts are made of fine 
 eallico, with (Iceves all ruffled up from the wrift to the 
 Ihoiildcr, fomc of which are five ells long ) and this 
 bundle prevents theit ufing the arms of their robes, 
 which therefore liang ulclefs, and arc only pinneA 
 on." 
 
 The banifhment of prifonrrs into Siberia by or- 
 der of the government of Ruffia, ii in general ron- 
 fidcred as a punilhment even worfe than death it- 
 felf ( and yet we find that there are fome authors of a 
 contrary opinion. And the country, although at 
 burre n as we have reprefented il, yet is in a capacity 
 of admitting of many improvements, which good 
 fenfe will point out, and honcA indu((ry will fubniic 
 tO} indeeel it mul> be granted in favour of the un> 
 happy perl'ona who re condemned to live in ihofe in- 
 hofpitable dcfarts, that their fpiriti are deprefTed, anJ 
 cunfcqucntly they have no defire to cultivate the 
 ground. They are often left in a ftate of uncert.iinty, 
 with rel'pcift to the time allotted for their banifhmtnt, 
 and thus think it unnecefTary to begin what they may 
 not accomplifh. 
 
 Many pcrfons werebani(hed to Siberia in the reign 
 of Peter the Great ; but moft of ihcfc were perfona 
 of eminence, who had incurred the royal difpleafuret 
 for that emperor although in many relpcdls an emi-' 
 ne nt perfon, yet being a (lave to his pafTioiis, like Alcx- 
 aijder the Great, often deOroyed his moft intimate 
 friends. It was the defign of Peter, nor has it ever 
 been loft fight of by his fuccefTors, that nations can 
 never rile to grandeur, unlefs commerce is cultivated | 
 and for this reafon, Peter whofe dominions were 
 interior, and whofe people were favages, left no- 
 thing undone in order to cftablifh a harbour, from 
 whence he could fend (hips into any parti of the 
 known world. 
 
 It ii well known what methods Peter madeufeof 
 in order to cultivate the manners of his fubjeAs, and 
 while he was laying the grand fcheme for the conqueft 
 of Livonia, the oppofition he met with from his rival 
 Charles XII. fcrvcd rather to accellcrate than fruf- 
 trate his defign. After the battle of Pultou, 1709, 
 7 H ^ete* 
 
 ',*! 
 
y^ 
 
 5H 
 
 TRAVELS IN RUSSIA AND SIBERIA. 
 
 ff7«a 
 
 r > 
 
 <■ 
 
 Peter found tlie whole province of Livoiiia as it were 
 laid open to him, and it was taken poill'lfion of by his 
 viAorious vroops. . On a duller of illandt he built 
 the city uf St. Pctcr(burgh, and partly hy promil'es, 
 and partly by force, he caufed fume of the muft rc- 
 fpcAable perfuns in his empire to come and fettle in 
 it. The cncouragcmLMit he gave to men acquainted 
 with the liberal arts and the fciences, induced many 
 perfons to fettle in the new city, and this part of his 
 conduft is imitated by his fucccilors. 
 
 The late emprcfs, who died 1762, made it an in- 
 variable rule never to put a criminal to dearli, and 
 this praAice gave rife to the frequency of banifti- 
 Aients to Siberia. It was common to fend regiments 
 of raw undifciplined recruits along with thefe pri- 
 foncrs, and when thefe young men returned again to 
 Pcterfturgl' . they were fo much inured to the fevere 
 hard(hips of the climate, that they became foldiers 
 able to undergo any fatigues whatever. I'his was a 
 bold ftrokeof policy, and it is in part owing to it 
 that the Ruffian arniics make at prcfent fuch a di(- 
 tinguiftiing figure. It ij well known that at the bat- 
 tle near Frankfort on the Oder, in 1758, thcRufliao 
 forces, commanded by<ji'uend Apraxin, ftood like 
 an immoveable wall againlV the forces nf that expe- 
 rienced genera! the prcfent King of Pruffia, and 
 obliged him to quit thf Held. 
 
 The banifliment of criminals ta rcfide in wild de- 
 farts has been attended with difllrcnt confcquencc!, 
 in different ages; and there have been many in- 
 llances wherein the defccndants of the banifticd have 
 returned to tliofe countries from which they were 
 driven, as unwoichy of a place in fucicty, ai.d 
 eftabliflied governments upon more enlarged princi- 
 ples of freedom. 
 
 All.'.ican, by fimie wri ters railed A ftnikan, is fituatcd 
 on a plain near the river VVolgu, and not f^r from 
 the holders of Rullta. It is a town of con/idcrahle 
 antiquity, and accorJing to Mr. Hanway, who vi- 
 (itcd it in 1742, it is in a thriving condition. It i^ 
 built up<in an afcent, anJ furruunded with a wall, 
 which has been lately ri built ; and within the wall 
 are many pleafant ganlons, where the inhabitants 
 fpeiid much of their time in fummer. Two or three 
 regiments of foldiers, arc coainionly llationed in it, 
 and there is a callle where the governor refidcs- 
 The inh.ibiiants are paitly Greeks, Mahometans, 
 and HcJihens. I'lie Greeks, as in other parts of 
 RulUa, have their churches; tlic Mahoinotans have 
 a moiquc, and the hcithi ns a temple ; for it is a 
 maxim in the RulEan g )v. rnmcnt, to grant a toler- 
 ation to the profejlbrs of all diH'erent religions, fo as 
 they do not give any oirciii-c to the civil power. This 
 is in all rcfpcdls confident with the infancy of a go- 
 vernment, which aims Jt extenfiie power, and in- 
 tends to crtablilh an univerfal monr-.chy. The per- 
 Ibns who allemblo in tlic Heathen temple of Aftra- 
 £an, are difciplesof the ancient Magi ; but they hav- 
 ing been fo long mixed with 'he Tartars, they have 
 forgot the principles of their religion; and are now 
 became worlhippefs of images and attendants on fa- 
 crifices. 
 
 When Ml. Il.mway was at Aflracan, his curi- 
 ofity led him to be prefeiit one day in ilie Pagan tem- 
 ple, where facrifices arc oftcmJ, and he found thefe 
 to conlld of flcfli, cakes, and fuch liquor as the 
 country affords, and one of the officers of the tem- 
 ple, brought him a pare on a plate, but he refufed 
 to cat it, knowing it had been ^offered to idols. He 
 adds, that the Heathens in that city are not very nu- 
 merous, and in general they .ire compofed of the low- 
 er ranks of people. They have fomc confufcd no- 
 tions of a Supreme Being, but although there can 
 remain no doubt ot divine revelation haying been 
 made known to them during the Itrft aget of Chrif- 
 tianity, yet there are at prcfent no remains of it among 
 them. Hut the Greeks, and the Mahomctani in Ar- 
 traean, and throughout the whole of that province, 
 are equally as ignorant as the Heathens 1 and Peter 
 the Great was fo much intent on acquiring a digni- 
 
 fied place in the political fyftem of Europe, Aat 'sm, 
 payed but little regard to Aich of hk i'ubjeds as li.vo* 
 ealiward of Mofcow. 
 
 All along the banks of tke Wolga there are laicli 
 vaft numbers of Tartarian robbers, that the govern- 
 ment h.'S found it neceffary to puiiifli them in a moft 
 exemplary manner. 'I'hc mode of punilhincnt is in- 
 deed confident with themannersof a baibarous, leiocU 
 ous people, but it is much to be doubled whctlior 
 they ever lead towards the reformation of nianncrsg 
 thofc who arc favage in their manners, pay little re- 
 gard to torture, when infliAed on ilieniklvis, fur fi> 
 veiity of punifhment ferves rather to harden than t* 
 humaniac the niind. A conflant repetition makes .is 
 familiar, and that which would (o us become Ihuck- 
 ing, is confidcrcd hy thefe barbarians no more th.ta 
 ordinary puniflimeiits in the fame manner as the peo- 
 ple in France, Germany, am! other countiits, are 
 not in the leaft (hocked when they fee a niaji brokt 
 alive upon the whccL 
 
 Mr. Hanway, who travelled ih.it cxtenfivc part <*" 
 the Ruffian empirewhich lies bttwiin i\tei!hurgl. 
 and Aftracan, had an opportunity, as u n^ao ol expe- 
 rience, to make proper remarks on every object lliitt 
 prefented itlclfto his view, and b(r:n^ well aeqiiain'.- 
 cd with drawing, he Iketched out the forn.« ui'id tn 
 the execution cf thofe Tartarian robbeis. All along 
 the hanks of the Wolga, fniall platforms of wuo^, 
 like fcaffolds, are built, and in the centre of each is 
 a pole with great hooks (luck into it. Thefe hooka 
 a.w aiincft in the form of a gardeners pruning knifi^ 
 with the points Handing upwards, and wiien the thief 
 is taken, he is ftrip'd naked, and the point of the hook 
 is driven in between two ,of his ribs, and the poirs 
 llrotching upwards, it keeps the criminal fo confmcA 
 to the flake that he is like one nailed to a crofs. 'Jhi; 
 part of the barbarous ceremony being performei^ 
 the foldiers, who are the executioners, fet the licaf- 
 lold afloat on the river, and it frequently happen!^ 
 that (ome of thefe wretches will live three ur four 
 diys under the moA excruciating tortures ; nay it 
 Ireqtiently iiappens, that fouie of thcin niuU. ilieir 
 eftape, and aliJiough this may apj^ear rather incrediibl« 
 to fonii. perfons who never vilited the country,^ yot 
 we cannot doubt the veracity of Mr. iianway, a man 
 ellcemcd by the learned, the pious, and indeed bf 
 all thofe who are not aihamcd of virtue and truth. 
 
 When he vifited th.it country, robberies were per- 
 haps more frequent than they are at prednt, and he 
 himfelf, although he had a guard to cicort him from 
 Molcow to Altracan, yet was very ofti n in d.ingcr. 
 He fau- many of their temporary gibbets flo.iting on 
 the river, and there were generally a few foldiers t« 
 take notice of the criminals till fuch time as they ex- 
 pired. 
 
 One day a thief was fixed to the gibbet in the m-in-- 
 ncr already mentioned, and fet aAnat on the river. 
 This happened about noon, and notwithftanding the , 
 fcvcrity of the torture, yet he continued in that 
 condition till night, when by an unaccountable 
 exertion of his manual power, he extricated himfelf 
 from his confinement, and fwam aihore. It was not 
 enough for hiiri that he had recovered his liberty, near 
 did he value felf-prefcrvation fo much as the defira 
 of being revenged on his tormentors. Accordingly 
 he walked flowly to the place where thiec foldiert 
 were polled, two of whom werealkep ; and he wrefi- 
 ed tlie gun from the third, who was not the Icaft 
 aware of his coming. He foon difpStched thecenti- 
 nal from whom he had taken the gun, and with the 
 butt end of it he knocked out the brains of the tw« 
 others who were afleep. He then went in queft of hia 
 companions, carrying the three mufquctt with him a* 
 a valuable acquifition. 
 
 From what has been faid concerning thefe barbari- 
 ans, of whom we Ihali have (lill more to fay when w* 
 come to treat of Afiatic Tartary, it appears thRt 
 the Ruffian empire, ii like an unwieldy bodv with x 
 fmall head. The extent of territory is too large for 
 government ta take proper notice of tke sojidud of 
 
 all 
 
 Av 
 
 J' 
 
 
 >* 
 
f?6«J 
 
 TRAVELS THROUGH ASIATIC RUSSIA. 
 
 S7J 
 
 Aks 
 
 •U the inhtbittntf i and the civil power is ftill weak, 
 there being yet no fixi-d body of laws, for the pre- 
 servation ot property and prntrclion oi luciety. 1'his 
 cxtenfive empire would be greater in po.\er and more 
 rich in commerce, if its tcrriioiics wurc left, and its 
 fubjr£)s not fo numerous. It is very probable, however, 
 that it i* riflng from obfcuriiy, on tiie decline of 
 fome of the greateft Europr in powers, and it will 
 acquire glory, as well .-is ilnngili, in proportion to 
 the virtue of the people. 
 
 The late war between the Rnfliuns and the Turks 
 has been of more fervico to the latter than the f.irm. i . 
 The Turkilh janifTarics had hi vn long uniK-cuHonud 
 to war, but heru an unexp'-iited event roufed ihcm 
 from a (late oi lethar(;ic ftupidity. It was thi; ikfij/n 
 of the prefent emprefs to eftahlifb a port on the Kuxinc 
 fea, and from thf-nce to open a pair.ige into the Medi- 
 terranean. The French apprilVd the 'I'urks of the 
 deflgn of thcempri fs, and f .rci.!. trom all parts of the 
 Ottoman empire were brought tu cppofe the Riiflians. 
 Moft people belirvi'd that tiie Rufliaiis would have 
 prevailed, but they had a more dangerous ennny to 
 engage with than the I'urki). The warmth of the cli- 
 mate, and the luxurious wiy of living, fought and 
 prevailed .igainft men wh>i h;id been bruu:;ht up and 
 inured to hardfhips in a <::■'..' niciuntainoi:. country. 
 
 It was during this conlli>^t which the Kudian.s had 
 with the Turks, that a fleet of men of war for the firft 
 time pafTed through the found, and from thence up 
 the Mediterraneaa a<; tar as Conllantinople. Very 
 little fuccefs attended this expedition, far the French 
 continued to fend afliftance to the Turks, and all the 
 Ruffians could do after the lofs of m.iny thoufands of 
 men, was to conclude a peace on the beft 'vrnis they 
 could. I'he prefent Emprefs continues to £^'\'c all 
 
 poflible encouragement to men of learni.ii; to ci;iioan I 
 ii;ttlc in lier dominions J but wiiai w:tli i!i dirtiieiiee 
 of religion, and the unfetilcd firm of ()/>■.. ..infiir, 
 there are hut few that ihul'e to g(j, excpt i.:ch as we 
 commoi.ly call adventureis, wiio liavi 't; n' Iw.d 
 habitations in the coiiit-y which t, ive th rn liirh, 
 thiTikah nations .ililce to ilicni. 
 
 The n.ligioii of Riillii is what we ca'' t ,CJ! 'ek,aiul 
 fecms to refcmblr th:il lum of worfiii,) whicli pi?v...led 
 in tlie Eaftern church ahuut the ei<;nth c luiiry. Vlif- 
 ilnnjries from (everal pa.i^ of (ireeec inirodjiid th ir 
 r'.li_,ion in Mufcoyy :ihi'in the midJli. . f the (.leveiith 
 century, and in moil ihinj^s th re is bu' litil'- iliUVr- 
 ente bclv.'een them and the (Jreeks in the 1/ v.nt. 
 liiey have archbifliops and biliiop^, wit'i euiuepii 
 both of monks and nuns. Nuite (<f the lecular pii' lis 
 can be ordained till they are iiiarrird, ard if they 
 (luiuld marry at'tcr oniainatinn, tlu-y are dei'nUd. 
 Evwy proteilant who einbr.ices their uliijicn, mull 
 be re-baplileil hnd anointed with oil, as v. .i, the caf^- 
 »f the prefent eniprelsami the g'nul JucIkI'*, !i/.h of 
 whom were brought up Lmnn.ms. They h.u'c valf 
 numbers of convents ncai MufdW, wlmli was once 
 the capital city, but there h.'.ve fo many foreigners 
 fettled at Pcteriburgh that we find not ni..ny of thsni 
 there except a few for furm fake. O'iginally the great 
 land-holder!) had power to fell their tenants, but in 
 eonfequcnce of their progrels in retinen\ent in iran- 
 ners, that barbarous eurtoin begins to fink into obli- 
 vion. In a word, Rullia will either become a moll 
 llourifliing empire, or it will fink under the cNtent of 
 its dominions. Its internal relources are much con- 
 traded, and thercfdie prudence and well timed 
 ceeonomy can only promote the intcrcft of the people, 
 and fupport the dignity of the lovcrci^n. 
 
 TRAVELS FROM ASTRACAN through ASIATIC RUSSIA to CHINA, 
 BY FATHER AVERIL. the MUSCOVITE AMBASSADORS, &c. 
 
 .1 
 
 
 -' " 
 
 r : y ■• 
 
 w 
 
 i 
 
 THE antient geographers had fo little knowledge 
 of that vafl extent of land lltuated between the 
 river Oby and the famous Chinefe wall, th.ic they 
 either pall'ed it over in filence, or invented fabulous 
 florics concerning it. Neither have the modern geo- 
 graphers been more fuccefsful, for mod of them have 
 told us, that in that vaft country there arc nothing 
 befldes mountains and defarts. For the difcovcry of 
 that country we are obliged to the Zapomgian CJackty 
 a favage body of people, whofe fituation was original- 
 ly beyond the Borvfthenes. Thefe having been op- 
 preflcd by the Ruiiians, they formed a refolution to 
 (hake oft the yoke of fu'ojeiStion, and to cffeiSl this they 
 inarched in great numbers towards the Wolga, by the 
 way of Caflan, and from thence to the river Jolifli, 
 where they built a city, which they named Tobol, 
 from a river upon which it was fituatid. It was not 
 long before they extended their conqueits a great way 
 into the country, but not bein^ able to procure the 
 nccelTaries of life, they once more fubmitted to the 
 Mufcovite yoke, in order to carry on a tiade by dif- 
 pofing of the Ikins of fuch beads as are found in the 
 country, but notwithdanding their formal fubmilfion, 
 yet they pay no more regard to the Rullian laws, than 
 as it fuits their own interefl. 
 
 The mod valuable creatures throughout Tartary 
 are the fable martins, and the manner in which they 
 are hunted is very Angular. Some companies or 
 foldiers are fent once in fcven years into thofe provinces 
 where thefe creatures are found. They arc found in 
 
 general in the fniall idands, or on the banks of the 
 rivers, and the foldiers kill ihem with crofs-bous, left 
 fire-arms fhould fpoil the fur. As the chief p.iit of 
 this hunting depends on the activity and diligence of 
 the liildiers, fo theofTiccrs are obliged to reward thein 
 with fome of the (kins. Some of thefe officers clear 
 upwards of four thoufand crowns during the k\i:n 
 years they are there, and the common folfiicrs fix or 
 feven hundred, which are vaft fums in that country. 
 There arc alfo in this country black foxes as in 
 Siberia, and thefe are confidered ascxticmely valuable. 
 Formerly the iMufcovites were contented with ordi- 
 nary furs, except the ermines, which were ufed only 
 by pcrfons of quality, but fincc the difcovery of tin ic 
 more precious furs, they have been I'o eager in the 
 fcar.-h o'' them, that by penetrating every year further 
 into the country, they have difcovercd the rsiads load- 
 ing to China. The firll of thefe roads is ; hrouah the 
 territories of the great mogul, but the vail defarts 
 being much frequented by riibbers, the journey is 
 extremely dangerous. All thofe who travel this road 
 are obliged to go in caravans of two or three thoufand 
 each, carrying lire-arms and other weapons along with 
 them for their prcfervation. Several of the French 
 jefuits have travelled this' road, particularly Father 
 Averil, to whom we are under many obligations for 
 the curious difcoveries they have made, and the infnr- 
 mation they have communicated to all the European 
 nations. * 
 
 Tht 
 
r 
 
 I 
 
 ' r 
 
 57* 
 
 TRAVELS THROUGH ASIATIC RUSSIA. 
 
 [1768 
 
 The fccond road is that ufcd by the merchants of 
 n<'cara, who travel through the cities of Samaritan, 
 K.ihal, Kachcmire, Tourlan, nnd lb on tiirough fr- 
 vi-ral other cities to Barantola, the moft confidcrable 
 citv ol j>rcat I'artary. This roail, like the other al- 
 irady mentioned, is equally dangerous, for there are 
 many f.iudy ijcfarts, and vaft numbers of Calmuc Tar- 
 tars, who rub and murder all thulc who are notable 
 to ikfcnd ijunifclvcs; and yet it is often made choice 
 of by the Kullians, in preference to any other. The 
 thud, and that which is moft commonly ufed by thofe 
 w'lorcgird their prefrrvation, is fiomToboKki', along 
 the banks of feveral lakes, yielding large quantities 
 of fait; and this journey fakes up about nine or ten 
 days before they an ivc rit the great wall of China. 
 The fourth road is alonj; the banks of the river Oby, 
 and this leads them to Szelin^ii Khun's rcfidcnce, 
 which is a journey of about eight weeks, from whence 
 by n.cans of a fma'l prefent, they procure carriages 
 and guards to condu(5t them to the great wall. 
 
 This is the road the Mufcovites have ufcd ever 
 fincethey were laft at war with theChinefe, and it is 
 reckonid the mod f.ilc of any ; for although the 
 roads are fometimes poftercd with robbers, yet here they 
 fcldom appear in large bodies ; hut all thofe who tra- 
 vel along this ro.id, mulf, before they begin their 
 journey, provide themfelves with water, otherwife 
 they will be in danger of pcrifliing. The fifth road 
 is that which Spartavius the Rufllan ambaflador took 
 to China; he pafl'ed through .Siberia, to the city of 
 Narczinflci, on the river N.ijunai, and from thence 
 to Chiria, which is near the entrance into China. 
 Thi« road is the more fafc, bccaufe the travellers ge- 
 nerally once in a day meet with the fable martin hun- 
 ters, who arc well acquainted with the country, and 
 who fora iniull gratuity, arc always ready to cfeort 
 them. 
 
 The fixtli road islikewife through Narczihfki, and 
 the country of the Monguls, and from thence to the 
 Lake Dalai, out of which rifcs the river Argus, 
 which is navigdblc all along, and joins its current 
 with the Tumour. Near the Argus are mines of 
 filver and lead, and the prince, or Taifo, whofe ter- 
 ritories border upon it, is obliged to find the Mufco- 
 vitc caravan";, which pafs that way three times in the 
 year, carriages and horfes. 
 
 I'rom Nart/.iiifki, to the Lake Dalai, is a jour- 
 ney of upwards of a week, and near it we find a pro- 
 vince, fubjcdt to China, the inhabitants of wliich 
 cultivate the ground near the lake, and in three weeks 
 carry pafllngers in waggons drawn by horfet, to the 
 great gate of the Chinele wall. 
 
 And hence it may be proper to fay fomcthing con- 
 lerning thefe tribes of Tartars who inhabit the coun- 
 try near the borders of China, and over whom the 
 Ruffians pretend to excrcife a lovcreign authority. 
 This account is taken from the writings of the Je- 
 fuits, who have been indefatigable in finding out new 
 unknown countries, in order to mal;e converts to the 
 church of Rome. The firif of thefe arc the Bogdoi, 
 and their country being of a large extent, they are 
 divided into feveral tribes, or herds, each having a 
 particular prince of their own. One of thefe pro- 
 vinces is called bv '.he Ruffians Dionerfki, and is in- 
 cloled between the eaftern fea, and the two great ri- 
 vers tbingala, and Yamour. They were ancir- tly 
 known to the Chineli?, hut little regarded by them, 
 till they made an irruption into that empire, and 
 conquered fix provinces, which induced the Chinefe 
 to fend for the Youlhcc Tartars to ajfift them j but 
 thefe fettled the family of Jvina on the throne of 
 China, and by the piinccs of that family, the em- 
 pire was governed till I <Sh, when being expelled by 
 the Chinefe, who enthroned the family of Tayminga, 
 and they reigned till 1664, at which time the Di- 
 vughi Tartars .igain invaded China, and made an en- 
 tire conqueft of that kingdom. Their prince who 
 took poliinion of the throne of China, was named 
 Cuncki, and his poflerity arc at this time fnvcreigns 
 of that empiir:, of whom more fhill be mentioned 
 fffterwardi, 
 
 Throughout the whole country of Bogdoi, and fe- 
 veral other of the neighbouring provinces, fubjc^t to 
 Ruflia, all the houlcs are built of caith, and their 
 trade confifts in exchanging with the Mufcovites fabtet 
 of martins and black foxes (kins. In their features 
 they are muih like the Crim Tartar^, but they are 
 more polite in confequence of conveifing with the 
 Chinefe. They are all heathens, and worfhip many 
 different idols, but they have no regular fyflem of 
 theology. 'I'hey wear croll'es about their necks, call- 
 ed lamas, and tome of them pretend to pay much rc- 
 gaid to the Chriltian religion. Probably it had been 
 once planted among them, but at prclcnt there arc 
 no remains of it to be found ; for, when the Jefuiti 
 began to enquire into their fentiments, they found 
 them extremely ignorant. Their language is a fort 
 of corrupt Perfian, but they have fixty letters in 
 their alphabet, and, like the Chinefe, read from tb« 
 top to the bottom. Their rivers of Argus, Yamour, 
 and Lhingala, produce great ftore of rubies and 
 pearls, which they fell to the Ruffians, for things ot 
 a more ufeful nature, and they know the ufe of gun- 
 powder, although it does not appear that they avail 
 themfelves of that deft ru£iive invention. 
 
 Next to the Bogdoi, is a vafl extent of land to the 
 we((, called Mongul, beginning at the ealtern coun- 
 tries of the river Yamour, and extending vreftward, 
 to the dominions of the Calmuc Tartars, from whom 
 they are feparated by great defarts. Upon the fouth 
 eafl it borders up(m i'urquefton, and reaches to Chi- 
 na on the eaft. Thefe people live under the govern- 
 ment of their Taifos', or Khans, but as they are all 
 of one family tliey live tOfjeiher on the moft amiable 
 terms, and affift each other againft all their enemies ; 
 not excepting even the Ruffians themfelves, who 
 vainly call them thtlr fubjct^s. As they inhabit nei- 
 ther tow ns nor villages, lb they live moftly on plun- 
 der, by making excuifions into thofe territories near 
 the Lake Dalai. As their grounds are watered with 
 a great many rivers that fall into the Szclinga, they 
 are very fertile, fit for paftuie, and rich in cattle, 
 which makes them live on good terms with the Muf- 
 covites, to whom they pay a fmall annual tribute. 
 Amongft themfelves they are peaceable, but when it 
 happens that a quiirrcl arifes, it is referred to the de- 
 cifion of the judge, whom they call contrifta, and 
 one of that charaifer attends all their clans when 
 they go out to war, or to plunder their neighbours. 
 
 'rhe Monguls bear a conftant grudge againft the 
 Bogdoi, ever fince the latter had the addrels to plane 
 one of their colonies in China, and to give fovcreignty 
 to that vaft empire. But as they are not acquainted 
 with the ule of fire arms, fo they are not in condition 
 to do them any confidetable mifchief, any farther 
 than to drive away their cattle and fell them to the 
 Ruffians, and this pra£lice is very common. 
 
 One of the chiefs of the Monguls is called Otchi- 
 ourticane, and he pretends to derive his origin from 
 the great Tamerlane, and this is not in the leafl im- 
 probable. I'his prince hat vaft power over thofe w ho 
 are in pofleffion of fmaller territories, and even the 
 Ruffians who pretend that he Is ther vafTal, are oft- 
 en obliged to court his fricndfhip. He lives in great 
 magnificence, and is ferved with as much ceremony 
 andgrandeur as the emperor of China. His fubjefis 
 have no.fixcd habitations, much lefs cither towns or 
 cities, but live in the fields under tents made of (kins, 
 and thefe arc very commodious and neat; for as they 
 lead a vagabond wandering life, they are the quickeft 
 in the world at encamping. Some time ago otie of 
 thefe chiefs of the Monguls raifed an army to in- 
 vade Ruffia, and advanced near to Aftracan. While 
 he lay encamped in that neighbourhood, he was vi- 
 tited by a French officer, who found that he h.id no 
 lefs than one hundred thoufand horfe ; but he con- 
 tradided the common account* that this prince was 
 ferved in gold and filver, which would be very fur- 
 prifing indeed, when we confider that the 1 ariari 
 h.ive but few artifts among them. 
 
 All the inhabitants of RulTian Tartary, are Pagans, 
 
 I and 
 
 .a 
 
I768J 
 
 TRAVELS I IJ ROUGH ASIATIC RUSSIA. 
 
 577 
 
 and they Have a fuprcmc high prieft, whom they call 
 Dalac Lama, but this name is a quality, for even 
 the Dalac is Aippofcd never to die ; which has fome 
 affinity with the notions entertained by the Egypti- 
 ans, concerning their (lod Apis, who was no other 
 than a bull, and when he died another was fublH- 
 tutcd in his room to deceive the people. 
 
 This Dalac Lama, has his temple in the fortref^ 
 of Bcatabac, near the city of Barnntala^ thu metro- 
 polis of the kingdom of Tunchut j lying between 
 China and Pcrfia. It is in a manner impofliblu to 
 dcfcribe the veneration flioivn to him ; all the Tar- 
 tars /'end preleots to him annually, ami fometimi.-'i 
 they carry him into Chin,i, where he is worftiipped a!< 
 a guil. As foon as he dies, his priclls make choice 
 of one of their own body to fuccecd him ; fo that it 
 is not a difficult matter fur them to make the vulgar 
 Tartars believe that he is immortal. It is rather more 
 than probable, that this Dalac Lama, is no other 
 than the famous I'rcfter John, of whom we have 
 read fo many fabulous accounts in hiHory ; and when 
 we cunfider the {lories related of him, it will be more 
 rational to look fur his refidence in Afla, than in 
 Abyfmia, where he certainly never was. To make 
 this the more evident, it is to be obferved, that when 
 John II. king of Portugal, had fent Peter de Coulan 
 to make the difcovery of the pafljgc by fea to the Eaft 
 Indies, he gave orders in the moft particular manner, 
 to the faid Coulan, to m.ike an exact enquiry after the 
 famou:< Prefler John, fo much talked of in Europe, 
 without its being known in what part of the world he 
 refided. Purfuant to the king's commands, Coulan 
 advanced a great way into the Indies, where after the 
 moll diligent enquiry he poflibly could make, he could 
 not hear one word of Prcfter John, but on his return 
 home, coming to Cairo, he was told that in Ethi- 
 opia, beyond Egypt, reigned a certain potent prince, 
 a profelled protector of t1ie Chrillians, and that 
 whenever he appeared in public, he had a crof^ carriH 
 before him. 
 
 As thefe characters bore a near refemblance to thofe 
 of the prince he was in fearch of, he thought himfelf 
 fufficiently informed of the truth of what he e.igerly 
 fought for, and believing this monarch to be the fame 
 Prellerjohn, king of the Abyfinians, he fent an ac- 
 count thereof to the king his mafter, containing a 
 relation of his difcovery. The king received the 
 news with tranfport, and next year, when his fhips 
 failed to Africa, he gave orders to make further en- 
 quiries, and they, upon their return home, fpread 
 the news through every part of Europe, that they had 
 found the countryandcity of the famous Prellerjohn j 
 fo that the {lory was believed, and feveral accounts 
 were written concerning this extraordinary perfon, 
 but all {tufPed with the grolTell falfhoods. Father 
 Kircher juftlyobferves, that none of the Abyfinian 
 hiftorians make any mention of this Preder John, 
 and therefore it is reafonabic that we fhould look for 
 him in Ada. 
 
 But this fubjeft is of too much importance to be 
 flightly palTcd over, cfpecially as we find fomething 
 of this Prtfler John in mod of the writings of our 
 ancient travellers, although they generally differ from 
 each other. Some of the Jcfuits tell us, that the 
 emperor of the Tartars having fent his fon to con- 
 quer the LefTer India, which he efFeiftcd, he advanced 
 with his viiSlorious army, againll the Greater India, 
 ft that time inhabited by Chriflians, where he was 
 overthrown by their prince, commonly called Prefter 
 John. This agrees with what Paul the Venetian, 
 another Jcfuit, fays on this fubjciS, and he refided fe- 
 veral years in the palace of the Great Khan of Tar- 
 tary, and was better acquainted with that country 
 than the rclt of his brethren. It is certain, that by 
 Kitay, the RulTi.ins underdand that country which 
 runs from the Wolga to China; and the only objec- 
 tion againft this opinion is, that the fubjc^s of the 
 ancient Picller John, arc faid to have lieen Chrif- 
 tians, whereas the modern Tartars are r^ll heathens, 
 except a few Mahometans who relide amoitgll them. 
 
 Vol. I. No. 49. 
 
 Rut this objeflion is foon anfwered, for if any credit 
 can bcgivcn to hiftory, there are many nations now 
 in the world fitting in darknefs under the power of 
 idolatiy, whole anceltors were uiice illuminated witU 
 the glorious light of the gofpel. It is gmerally al- 
 lowed that Thomas the apoille prt.icl.til ilie gofpel 
 in India ) for there is a province iiutthward of China, 
 where the inhabitants are Itlll called by wayofjtiifion, 
 the Difciplcs of St. Thomas, althounli it docs not 
 appear that they have any vclliges of ChrilKanity left 
 among them. 
 
 Upon the whole, it appears evident that this Pref- 
 ter John< fo much talked of, was one of the Tartu- 
 rian princes in the middle ages, fiiice the iiicatiiaiion, 
 and that he, as well as his fubjedts, had fume faint 
 notions of Chrillianity, and the name itfclf feems 
 to have been corrupted by oral traditions among the 
 ignorant barbarous inhabitants. And as knowledge 
 decreafed among the Tartars, nothing was more eafy 
 than for fome ot their prieftn, who were flaves to fu- 
 perftition, to make the natives believe, that Prefter 
 John was ftill alive, and as ignorance encreafcd, he 
 became an ob}e<St of idolatry I 
 
 It is true, the Dalac Lama is no temporal prince 
 at prefent, as Prefter John was of old, but this mult 
 be the confequence of fome revolution, of which 
 hillory is filent. He is itiU at the head of religion^ 
 and he is called in the language of the country. Lama, 
 which fignifies a crofs, and all his followers wear 
 crofles. 
 
 Befldes thefe Tartars before mentioned, there are 
 feveral other tribes or hordes, fuch as the Ulliaki, the 
 Bralfki, thejacuti, and the Tonguuffi, who inhabit 
 about the lakes, betwixt Siberia and the Monguls. 
 As they fpeak the fame language, and wear the fame 
 habits as the Calmucs, fo it is probable they are of the 
 fame original, but having, in their roving manner, 
 fettled near to Mufcovy, became fubje£t to that em- 
 pire, rather from motives of felf-intereil, arifing 
 from the benefit of trade, than with any defign of be- 
 coming flaves. They are generally of a fwarthy com- 
 plexion, inclining to an olive colour, with broad flat 
 faces, high above, and falling in below. Their iiofes 
 are flat, their eyes are fparkling, and they fufFer their 
 beards to grow. Their habits arc (heep-fkins, or 
 flcins of any other animals fewed together, in the 
 Ihapc of veils, clofc to their bodies, having a cord 
 about their waifts, inftead of a girdle, whereunto they 
 fatten their bow and quiver, wherever they go. They 
 fhave their heads, leaving a fmall tuft of hair on the 
 middle of the crown, and on their heads they wear a 
 round bonnet of the fame ftufT with the reft of their 
 habit, and to the top of their bonnet is fixed apiece 
 uf cloth in tlic form of a cockade, to diftinguifh the 
 horde to which they belong. Thofe who live in the 
 countries where they catch martins, make themfelves 
 cloathsof their (kins, as alio of dogs (kins, of which 
 they have vaft numbers. 
 
 Sometimes they wear double vefts, and when that 
 happens, the (kins of the martins, although much 
 efteemed, are kept within next to the body, and thofe 
 of the dogs without. And natural fenle in thofe peo- 
 ple, who are little better than favagcs, points out an 
 excufe for this part of their conduiS. They fay, that 
 as the dogs affift them in taking the martins, fo they 
 are more noble creatures than the latter, and that the 
 martins, for their cowardice, ought to be concealed, 
 and the dogs for their boldnefs, expofed to public view. 
 Here is philofophy, without education, and from thefe 
 favages we may learn that all the difference between 
 mortals in the exertions of mental powers, confifts 
 only in the aids that we receive from human learn- 
 ing, felf knowledge, and an acquaintance with the 
 world. 
 
 From what has been here faid, it appears evident, 
 that the Ruflians could be under no great difficulty 
 in opening a road and eftablilhing a communication 
 between their own empire and that of China ; for 
 although it is not an eafy matter to fuhdue populous 
 nations of favages, yet when thefe favagcs are divided 
 7 I »» 
 
 ■?* 
 
S7« 
 
 tllAVELS THROUGH ASIATIC RtJSSlA. 
 
 [1768 
 
 in rm:ill hordes, pnlltical and dcTigning princes can 
 t-afily lit thiiM agninit caih other. By thefe means 
 the pou LI o( thtlu hordes is wealccned, and they become 
 iin lal'y prc-y to ihcif'c who have Handing armies 
 inured to haidfhips, and acquainted with military 
 difcipliiici for as the Riiflians know tiic art of war, 
 and arc acqti tinted with the ufe of guii-puwder, it 
 could not be fiippofed that thole favaues ftiould be 
 long able to oppole them', and yet the Ruffians have 
 never been able luially to fubdue them. 
 
 It would be much for tliu intercll of the Ruffians 
 to erect forts for the deleiicc of their conquells, the 
 furthcriiioft of which is calhd Albaza, not above three 
 weeks journey from Peking, although above three 
 months from Mulcow. It is leatcd on the banks of 
 the River Yamour, which occafioning a difterence 
 between the RulUans and the Chincfe about the 
 privileges of pearl lilhing and hunting of fables, 
 brokeout at lalHnto a war ; but the Ruflhns confi- 
 dering the difadvantages they lay under in expofing an 
 •rmy to he dclhoyed for want of proviflons in fo vafl 
 a country, thi.>u^ht it moft convenient to accommodate 
 the matter in an amicable manner, by leaving things 
 in the fame (late as bi fore. 
 
 The Rufltaiis in jauiiieying to the caft, commonly 
 fet out in the months of February, the fnow being 
 then hard, and they are drawn by rein deers on 
 fledges properly conltrucled for that purpofe. They 
 wait near the borders uf Siberia a few days to fee 
 whether it will thaw, which if it does, they fail 
 in boats doAn the River Oby, but if the froft conti- 
 nues they go on by land to the country of the Olliaks, 
 a horde of Tartars, under the jurifdidlion of the 
 Ruffians. Here, if tlic thaw dues not overtake them, 
 they Lnd bark their carria^^es to Tobolofko, which 
 they chnni;e f^ir othois, and in order to make the rein 
 deer run as fall a^ puliible, there is a "reat dog behind 
 each of the carriages, who barks and (cares the crea- 
 tures when they begin to be idle. But the moft fur- 
 prifing thing is, that in the open country all the way 
 between Siberia and Mount Caucaufus, the travellers 
 10 eafe their hearts have a method of putting up fails to 
 their (ledges, which, if the wind be favourable, car- 
 ries them over the fnow and frtzen rivers. In this 
 manner they travel over the ice to the River Geneflai, 
 where the RulTians have built a city of the fame 
 name. There they take (hipping on the river, which 
 carries them to two other rivers, Tonguc(n and 
 Angara, which runs out of the Lake Ba(kala. The 
 waters of this lake are fo clear, that although very 
 deep, yet a pcrfon cim fee the (tones which lie at the 
 bottom. This lake is fiirrounded by lofty mountains, 
 but although it is not above eight leagues in length, 
 Mt, on account of Come tronblefome winds, it often 
 ti.kes them eight days to crofs it. 
 
 Having palled the lake, if they intend to go further 
 by water, they embark in fmall veflels on the River 
 Schtlinga, which carries them to a city of the fame 
 name, built by the Ruffians for the convenience of 
 their caravans ; but when tliey intend to go by land, 
 they buy dromedaries and mules from the Mongul 
 Tartars. This b' iti^ one of the principal roads 
 which the Ruffian meri.hants take to China, makes it 
 •ippear, that all that country, known formerly by 
 the general name of Great Tariary, is not fo un- 
 peopled as many havereprefented it. 
 
 They have many fine rivers, v tiich produce abun- 
 dance of precious commodities, fuch as pearls, ginfong 
 roots; and in many pirts of the country there is 
 plenty of rhubarb, caltors, azure-ftone, with fables, 
 martins, black foxes,and lead mines. The Ruffians have 
 found out a kind of ivory, which for its whitenefs 
 and fmoothnefs, furpafl'es any that is brought from 
 India. Tiii>; ihty are furnilhed with by a certain 
 amphibious creatiin', called behamoth, round moft 
 commonly in the River Laka, or near the (hore of 
 the Tartarian Sea. " I have feen (fays Father 
 Avaril) feveral of thife creatures at Mofcow, and 
 their teeth were about ten inches long, and two in 
 diameter. Thefe teeth are more beautiful than the 
 
 elephant's, and they have a remarkable qiii.lity in 
 rtoi>ping the blood o( wounds. The crcrtuie is'very 
 lierce, and it requires much labour and trouble to 
 hunt him. I'he Tartars ufcd to carry along with 
 them their whole families M the chacc, and it fre- 
 quently happened that proceeding too far upon the 
 ice, many hundreds of them have pcriHied. 
 
 Among the many rivers that lie beyond Siberia in 
 Tartary, the four following are the moft noted, the 
 Oby, the Genc(rai, the Lena, and the Yamour. 
 The moft wefterly of thefe rivers is the Oby, and it 
 is extremely dangerous by reafon of the va(i moun- 
 tains of ice lying at the mouth of it, which prevents 
 (hips from getting into the fea. 'I'hc next to the 
 ea(t, is the River GcnelTai, which, beiides the 
 mountains of ice in common with the Oby, itlabouis 
 under another inconvenience, that of being incon^- 
 moded with (even cataraitls or water-falls, which 
 puts the merchants to va(t trouble in loading and 
 unloading their ve(rels. 'I'he River Lena has a more 
 uniform current, but inftead of ice, it is (b much 
 peftered with rocks and (helves at the mouth, that it is 
 only paflable for fmall boats. The River Yamour, 
 the moft eafterly of all, which falls into the fea of 
 Japan, is not fubjetl to thofe inconveniencies, but 
 where its waters mix with the fea, there grow fucli 
 prodigious quantities of bulrufhes, and thufe of fo 
 large a fize, that the entrance is extremely difficult. 
 
 The Ruffian ambaflador who travelled over 
 Tartary to China, has related many curious 
 particulars, which will not furprife the reader 
 that he went in a public charatler, and a numerous 
 retinue to. attend him. " Walking one day along 
 the banks of the Pultou, (fays Brand, the fecretary) 
 we faw at a diftance fome of their huts, and amon)' 
 them one fome what bigger than the reft, which raifed 
 mycuriofitytogoand take a view of it, having obtained 
 leave of the owner for a fmall prefent of bread and 
 fait. I entered without any ceremony, apd found 
 three women lying on the ground, who rofe up at 
 loon as they faw me, and by their geftures, fufficiently 
 teftllied their diljdeafure, but as I had fecured the 
 owners good will, I went forward, and took a view 
 of every thing in the hut. I was afterwards told 
 that thofe were the wives of one of their princes or 
 chiefs; but their furniture appeared but little fuitable 
 to fuch a rank. The only thing wortli notice in the 
 hut, was their domeftic idol, which they call their 
 Shdlan. It was made of wood, about a yard in length, 
 of a moft dreadful afpe^, for its hcaJ being covered 
 with an iron plate, ic appeared as black as a chimney, 
 occafiontd by the incenlcthey oft'er to it; befides that, 
 its garments were nothing but a parcel of woollen 
 rags of dilTerent colours. One day, the ambaflador 
 being in a good humour, ordered one of his fcrvants 
 to bring out a wooden machine, made in the fliape of 
 a drum, fo curioufly contrived, that it beat by meant 
 of clock-work within. He immediately fet it a 
 beating, which fo much frightened the I'artars who 
 were prefent, that they all ran away; but recolleil- 
 ing themfelves, they imagined it to be a god, and 
 returned and worfliipped it in the fame manner they 
 do their own idols. They begged earneftly that the 
 ambaflador would let them have it, but he did not 
 chufe to comply with their rcqucft, left it (liould 
 encourage their idolatry. 
 
 Their manner of devotion is the moft Angular that 
 can be imagined, for inflead of faying their prayers, 
 they whiftle thrm, clapping their hands together, and 
 knocking their heads againft the groun'.* : when they 
 fwear, they lay their hands upon a bear's (kin, and 
 each of the parties drinks a cup of horfe's hloo.l. 
 They have fuch rcfpcdt for their idols, that in r.ll 
 public entertainments, the firft difhcs are fet before 
 them, and when th' y ncgledt that cercmonv, t!ioy 
 believe that the victuals would tot or tu-<. to 
 worms in their bellies. Their chiefs arc iiuich 
 addicted to tobacco, and they take it after a m.-iincp 
 peculiar to themfelves. Having (illeJ tncir ni luihs 
 with water, they draw the Ihioak from the pipes into 
 
 the 
 
m 
 
 i7<;8.j 
 
 TRAVELS THROUGH ASIATIC RUSSIA. 
 
 571 
 
 the \.vater and fwallow it, which is the rcsfon that 
 frequently at talcing it, tlicy fall down in a lit, but 
 foon recover iheinfclvcs, and it does not alXcA them 
 any more at that time. 
 
 riie amliaflador having refted himfclf two days at 
 the vi!lu|jc Buhutfli.1, began his journey througn the 
 norclic-rn defart, and did not find any houfos in i* 
 exci'pt a few huts, although it took up eight days fo 
 crof-i it. At the eallcrn extremity of this defurt. 
 there is a numerous tribe of Tartars, called Ton- 
 guclll's, who were formerly reputed for their valour, 
 but they have been for many years fubjcil to the 
 Rulfi.ins, and pay an annual tiiliutc. They are, ge- 
 nerally fpcaking, well proi>uitioiiccl, and have flraiyht 
 limbs, and there is no dilll-rincc between the drelic!! 
 of the men, and thulc iit the women. They have a 
 cuftom which feems peculiar to thcmfelvcs, which is 
 to ftitch the checks of their children while infants 
 with black thread, through and through in different 
 forms folic being like croflls, and others fquare, 
 or which ever way they chufe, and this they cunlldcr 
 as a badge of honour and antiquiiy, tranlmitted to 
 them by their ancellors, and thefe marks they retain 
 as long as they live. 
 
 Their huts are made either of the (kins of rein deer, 
 or of fome other wild beads, or of the bark of trees, 
 and in thci'c miferable places they live, enduring the 
 fevered winters, being inured to cold from their 
 birth i for no fuoncr are they born, than they are laid 
 into cold water, in the lumnier, and on the fnow, 
 in winter. I hefu Tartars, in this province, are di- 
 vided into three hordes i the liril live by plundering 
 their neighbours, and they arc very expert horfemen \ 
 the fccond fubfift by hunting, and the third are fo 
 barbarous, that in their w^ of living, they rcfem- 
 blc beads, rather than men. Their idols are all of 
 wood, every one having his domeftic god, or patron, 
 unto whom they direJi their devotions : but if they 
 do not obtain what they pray for, they make nothing 
 of throwing them out of doors, where they muft lay 
 till they procure an anfwer to their prayers, when 
 they are agam taken into the houfe, and have an offer- 
 ing made to them. In all places where five or fix fa- 
 milies live together,|they jointly maintains Shamman, 
 or Pried, and at their meetings, this pricit makes 
 his appearance in a habit, having upon it all the 
 figures of lyons, bears, ferpencs, adders, and fuch 
 like, which being made of iron, they fometimes weigh 
 two hundred pounds, and the pried beats on an in- 
 ftrument like a drum, while the people make the mod 
 difmal outcries and lamentations, pretending that they 
 fee apparitions under the forms of ravens, and fome 
 oilier birds. 
 
 In the mean time the pried leaving his drum, pre- 
 tends to fall into a trance, which the people confi- 
 der as a fure fign of his fincerity, and while he re- 
 mains In that podurc, they believe him to be conver- 
 fing with fpirits. Notwithdanding their wretched 
 way of living, they maintain a plurality of wives, 
 cfpecially the chiefs, who buy the young women from 
 their parents, for a few rein deer each. He that is 
 to take .in oath, mud drink the blood of a dog, dab- 
 bed in the fore legs for that purpofe, and the blood is 
 fuffered to run out till the creature dies. I'hey nei- 
 ther bury nor burn their dead, but hang their bodies 
 upon trees, till they putrifie. The word curfc they 
 imprecate upon thofe who offend them, is, that they 
 may be taken into Europe by the Ruffians, and for 
 ccd to cultivate the ground ; fo that although they 
 pay a fmall tribute of (kins annually, yet it appears 
 that the Czars, are rather their nominal than real 
 maders. 
 
 As the ambaffador approached nearer the borders of 
 China, he dopped at a village, where there was 
 (liccp and a goat killed, and fixed on a tree with 
 their heads upwards, being intended as facrificcs to 
 the heavenly bodies. Mr. Brand, the fecretary, made 
 fome enquiry into the religion of thofe Tartars, but 
 all he could learn was, that they were Pagans, wbo 
 offered a flieep and goat every year, to the Creator of 
 
 the Heavens ; and they adored the fun. They arc 
 very rich in cattle, paiticularly in camels ; whom 
 they fell to the Rullians, who travel towards China. 
 In eight days alter they arrived at Udinfliy, a Ruf- 
 fian fort, and were met a mile from the pl.ice by thu 
 commanding officer of the garrifon, who treated 
 lO'm in the mod hofpitable manner. 7'his fort is 
 .Mated on a hill fortified in the Ruffian manner, ana 
 i^> confidcrcd as a place of gieat ftrenglh, and the 
 chief bulwark of the province of Danria ; for although 
 it has been often attacked by the Mongul Tartars, 
 yet they have never been able to take it. In this place 
 the ambafl'ador and his retinue were obliged to remain 
 three weeks, to provide themfelves with camels and 
 horfes, and with fuch other neeelVaiies as were want- 
 ing to condudt them over a great del'art, through 
 which they had to pafs. 
 
 Having procured wh.it they wanted, they entered 
 the defart, on the 6th of April, with a caravan con- 
 fiding of 250 men, fome hundre-ils of camels and hor- 
 les, 400 waggons ; the camels carrying; about 600, 
 and the horles about 250 weight a piece. As the 
 Mongul Tartars arc generally abroad in large par- 
 ties, thofe in the ambafl'adors retinue were obli- 
 ged to be condantly upon their guard, and for that 
 purpofe when they pitched their tents at night, it 
 was done in a circular form, that centinals might be 
 the more conveniently placed round it, at a proper 
 didance from each other, to give the alarm to the 
 others if there fliould happen to be any necelfity for 
 it. This precaution having put it beyond the pro- 
 bability of the Tartars doing them any harm, they 
 foon found themfelves moleded in a manner they lit- 
 tle expected. The Mongul Tartars being well ac- 
 quainted with the nature of the country, fet fire t* 
 the grafs, in order to prevent them from procuring 
 provifions for their cattle. Several of their horfes and 
 camels died for want of fubfiftance, which was very 
 agreeable to the Tongueffes, a certain horde of Tar- 
 tars, who inhabit that defart, and live chiefly on 
 horfes flefh, as the mod delicious food in the world. 
 Thefe Tongueffes, whom the Ruffians call their fub- 
 jefts, know little or nothing of any civil govern- 
 ment whatever. They burn the bodies of their dead 
 with all their moveables along with them, and if 
 any of them become decripped before they die, they 
 burn them upon a high mountain, and impale their 
 horfes befide them. Having eroded the defart, they 
 came to the city of Nerkin&oy, f'eatcd on the banks 
 of the river Nedza, where there is a colony of 600 
 Tongueffes, fettled by Peter the Great, and they 
 have fortified the place againft the Mongul Tartars. 
 In this city the ambaffador was obliged to remain two 
 months, in order to procure carriages and horfes, 
 having lod a great number in crofSng the defart. Be- 
 fides the guard they bad already with them, they were 
 allowed 50 Coffacks, who were to conduft them into 
 China, and efcort them again into the Ruflian terri- 
 tories. 
 
 Leaving Nerkinfkoy with part of the caravan, they 
 reached the fame night the Schilaka, which they fer- 
 ried over, but as this was their general rendezvous, 
 they were obliged to wait three days, till the red of 
 the caravan came up. 
 
 At lad they arrived, being in all about 6co, and 
 every one having had his (hare of bread, beef, and 
 venifon, they proceeded on their journey, for three 
 days together, through a vad boggy fored, and three 
 days more through a dry barren dclart, and two days 
 more through another defart, which brought them to 
 the river Samur, where they pitched their tents, of 
 which they had no -more than 50, the road having 
 been fo bad that many of their camels were not able 
 to travel. Here they refreihed themfelves, and fetting 
 out for the city of Arguin, where they arrived in 
 ten days after, but vecy much fatigued. Kear this 
 city is a river, from whicli it takes its name, and 
 the ftream is fo rapid, that it was four days be- 
 fore the whole caravan could pafs it.' This river is 
 in fome parts the boundaries between the two em- 
 pi re* 
 
 "»* 
 
it6 
 
 TRAVtLLS THROUfJH ASIATIC RUSSIA. 
 
 [1768. 
 
 1 
 
 piret of China and Kuflia, for the citv of Arguin is 
 the lafl frontier of the province of Uauria, fubjcA 
 to the juril'ilictioii uf the RufTunt. 
 
 At (he Mungul 'I'artuis arc always roving abroad 
 for booty, the ainbali'.idors caravan was obliged to 
 keep a viratchlul eye wherever they went, but as 
 thdfe Tartars are foi the mod part, punilanimous 
 cowards, they were not much afraid of them. The 
 ambaflador difp.itchcd twenty of his Coflacks to the 
 town of Naun, on the frontiers of China, in order 
 to know in what manner he was to be received, but 
 they could not proceed in lei's than four days, bcraufe 
 the rivers were fo mucli fwellcd, that they had over- 
 flown their banks, and rendered it dangerous for 
 thofe Coflacks to attempt paflinK them, although 
 they are feldom afraid of the muR threatening dan- 
 gers. 
 
 About ten days afterwards the Coflncks, with the 
 meiTengers that had been fent to the city of Naun, 
 returned and brought advice to the ambaflador, that 
 there was a pcrfon nf rank come from Peking, to 
 meet him and receive him with the honours due to 
 his rank. While they vtere waiting for the return 
 of thefe meflengere, a Kuflian convoy came up, con- 
 fifling of 300 camels. They were returning from 
 China, where they had been to purchafe goods, and 
 to dil'pofe of the commodities of their own country. 
 They fpent two days together, entertaining one 
 another in the moft triendly manner, for few things 
 can be more plealing, than for the natives of a coun- 
 try to meet each other in a foreign land. 
 
 Thefe friends having p.-irtcd, the ambaflador with his 
 retinue proceeded on his journey two days longer 
 through many fruitful plains, and encamped near 
 the fource of the river Gull, which is another of the 
 boundaries, between Afiatic Rullia, and China. For 
 fevcral days after they travelled through the moft de- 
 lightful wood, the branches of the trees covering 
 heir heads. Here were likewife many filbert trees, 
 and although not fo high as thufe in Europe, yet 
 they were fo loaded with fruit, that they aflt)rdcd 
 an agreeable entertainment to thofe jieople in the ca- 
 ravan, while the camels and horles were refrefhed 
 hy the fweet grafs, that grew along the fide^ of the 
 paths. At laff they were received by the Chincfe 
 meflengers from the emperor; but of'^this we muft 
 treat afterwards, in our account of the different 
 travels into th.it extenfive empire. 
 
 '1 hofe other parts of Afiatic Ruflia, which we 
 have not yet delcribed, are fuch as lay near the bor- 
 ders of Perfia, along'the banks of the Wolga. 'I'he 
 lirft place dtfcrving our notice, is the ifle of Dol- 
 goi, which is alf fandy and barren, producing 
 nothing for the fupport of human life, except what 
 is brought forth by the fevereft induflry of the in- 
 habitants, in their gardens, and in fome fmall 
 fpots of ground. The continent on the right hand 
 is no lefs barren, but on the left, towards the river 
 Jaika, are fome very good pofluret. On this fide the 
 Wolga is a very lung heath, extending feventy 
 German leagues to the Euxine fea, and another ex- 
 .tending eighty leagues to the Cafpian fea, the laft of 
 which generally takes up two weeks to travel over 
 it. The only thing thefe barren heaths produce, 
 is f.iit, of which there are many valuable pits, and 
 it is^ a ufeful article of commerce, for rhe Ruffians 
 in their dealings with the eaftern Tartars, who 
 purchafe large quantities of it for the prefervation 
 uf their fi(h, H|>on which they live great part of 
 the winter, 
 
 . 'J'his fait is baked by the heat of the fun, which 
 leaves it to f*inv upon the furiace of the water of 
 about half an inrh (hick, inuch in the form oF rock 
 cryftal, and in fuch protiigious quantities, that for 
 the value of a lulf|)enny, one may be permitted to 
 luke up uf it about furty pounds weight, one cruft 
 being no fooiier taken on, but another come* up. 
 This I'ak is much eflcemed, but we do not find that 
 any of it is feiil into Euni|>e, bcraufe it anfwers the 
 end of ihe ui.iclunu i.> a belter |)iiri»)fe to fend it 
 I 
 
 "*■<'. 
 
 among (he Tartars, who pay (hem for it in the com- 
 mo<lities of their own countries. 
 
 The Wolga b«'twcen Aftracan and the Cafpian fia 
 abounds fo murh ui(h fi(h, (hat (he gentlemen in 
 the retinue of the ambafladcrs from the duke of HoU 
 ftien, bought twelve large carp for (wo-pencc, and 2C0 
 young fturgeons for half a crown ; lobfters are here 
 in inhnite numbers, becaufe (he Muicovites and Tar- 
 tars do not eat of them. I'he numerous ifles in the 
 liver aflord a great variety of wild-fowl, efpecially 
 wild geefe, antTwild ducks, which the Tartars hunt 
 with falcons and hanks ; and in the breeding of thefe 
 birds, the Tartars are- very ingenious. Thefe Tar- 
 tars are very much addicted to the hunting the wild 
 boar, and bcraufe their religion does not permit thim 
 to cat it, thry fell it to (he Mufcovites. 
 
 The fruits here are much inferior to thofe whi<|h 
 grow in Perfla, hut fome of them are much eaten, 
 particularly a fort of melons, called Arpus by (he 
 Tartars, becaufe they are of a cooling nature. The 
 feeds from which they grow were fiift brought from 
 the Indies, and the fruit is pleafant both tothc fight, 
 and the tafte : the rind being of a lively green colour, 
 the meat of a pale carnation, and the feed black, and 
 yet for nil that, they are fold as cheap as the worfl of 
 our apples. 
 
 Gr.ipes were but Irtely introduced here by means of 
 fome I'crfian merchants who brought the firft (ample* 
 of them to Aftracan, and bring (old to an uld monk, 
 who happened to be (here on a vitit, he cairii I them 
 home to his convent, and planted (h(m in his {garden. 
 Peter the lireat, having tafted fome of llcfe ^rape?, 
 ordered the monk to propagate th>.m \v 'th unremitting 
 induftry, which he did fo cftVc^ually, that fome year* 
 ago when the Holftien ambalia.'. 1 < vilit.d (he place, no 
 houfe was i.vithout its walks or atbouis of vines. This 
 turned fo much to the advantage of the inhabitants, 
 that the landlord where the ambafladors lodged, toM 
 them, that the year before, the vines ab''>ut his houfe 
 had yielded him one hundred crowns, and that fome 
 of the vines in fmall gardens had yielded no lefs than 
 fixtv pipes of excellent wine. 
 
 This monk, whofe name will ever be treated with 
 rcfpeft in the country, was born in Auflria, in Ger- 
 many, and being taken prifoner by the Tartars, was 
 fold to thofe Mufcovite Tartars, and by them to the 
 Mufcovites. Having embraced the religion of the 
 Greeks, he turned monk, and became the fuperior 
 of a convent. He lived to a great age, and was much 
 efteemed and refpcAcd by all who knew him. And 
 when any ftrangers came to vifit him, he treated them 
 with all that his convent could afford, and with fuch 
 plcafurc as none but the virtuous feel. 
 
 The Tartars of Nagalia, near the Wolga, were 
 formerly governed by their own pritTces, till they 
 were conquered by the Mufcovites, about the year 
 1 554, and now there are fo many Mufcovites among 
 them, that they begin to live on amicable terms, 
 many of the Tartars having embraced the rdigion 
 of the Greek church. Thefe Tartars are much 
 more refined in their manners, and lefs ferocious than 
 thofe wc have mentioned inhabiting near the borders 
 of China ; but they ftill retain many of their antient 
 cuftoffls, fuch as eating the flelh of horfcs, and 
 drinking the blood of thofe ainmals when they are 
 taken fick. When they go out to war, they are all 
 mounted on horfe-back, and when they come to a 
 deep river that cannot b<e forded, they difmount in 
 an inftant, and plunging themfelves into the water 
 with their horfes bridles in their hands, fwim acrofs 
 with as much eife as if they were marching on 
 land. 
 
 In all that part of Tartary which lay* fouth of 
 Aftracan along the hanks of the Wolga, the people 
 in winter alTemble in troops together, and lodge at a 
 proper diftance from each other, that they may be in 
 a condition to affift each other againft the Calmucs, 
 who in that feafon generally pay them a vifit to rob 
 them ef every thing they can carry away. For this 
 reafon the RufTians furnilh them with arms and 
 
 ammunition 
 
 *m t 
 
 '/ 
 
 [ 
 
 -4ci-. .-. 
 
l76o] 
 
 tRAVELS THROUGH LAPLAND. 
 
 5il 
 
 \ 
 
 i 
 
 Lapland nations, the people of which, (ly fioi\) 
 ftrangir"!, aiut lubfift entirely by liunlinf;. 
 
 " We now baittJ our dier with iiiols, whicli 
 grows here in great plenty, an I rtlreflitil oiirlehes 
 with (alt-beef and bil'euils, and a dram of branciv, 
 with which the people ut the lad village had fiirnilhed 
 us, while our imerpritcr illiied upon vcnifon and 
 filh. After liaying abjut an hour, our guide eiidia- 
 voured tomalce'the d.-r go forward, but had ijreat 
 difficulty to do it, though no Laplander whatever 
 knew better how to manai;c them. I'his village be- 
 ing the ufual ftage ol the deer, they are very un- 
 willing to quit iti our guide, in ordrr to induce 
 them to move, ufed many ridiculous and luperlHtiims 
 ceremonies : he went alone into the wood, and com- 
 ing out a^ain, muttered fome words in the ears 
 of thel'c animalj, which, whether they underftood 
 or not, had but little tffedl on them, till he had 
 played the farce over four or five times, when they 
 began to proceid, though not I'o fwiftly as before. 
 We now defcendid the mountain, and at a fmall dif- 
 tance difcovercd four kilops returning from hunting 
 in fledges drawn by rein deer, but they returned afide 
 to avoid meeting us. In lefs than half an hour we 
 entered a long ivood, in which we heard terrible 
 bowlings, but faw no licafts of prey. Having pad'ed 
 the wood, we had another hill to defccnd, at th(- bot- 
 tom of which was a little village, whither our rattle 
 conveyed us, and (lopping betorc the door of a cot- 
 ta^e, gave their ifual lignal with their feet, at which 
 the mailer madj hU ippcarancr, wliofe friendfhip we 
 folicicc'd with n piLieof tobacco, and he made us wel- 
 come: being uicd with our journey, we h.id no fooner 
 Tupped, than we l.iv down to retl on bear-fkins. 
 
 " The next morning, our guide informed us that 
 wc had travelled forty leagues the preceding day ; but 
 1 imagine he mufl bcmillaicen, or elle the leagues are 
 not fo long as they are generally reckoned ; for forty 
 J^apl.iiiil leagues are equal to i6o of thofe of France. 
 Our guide likewifc informrd us that we were now in 
 Mulcovite Lapland ; and having defired him to en- 
 quire if the inhabitants had any thing to barter for 
 cluth and tobacco, they produced white, black, and 
 grey fox-(kins, grey fquirrels and fables, for which 
 we foon bargained, and paid them chielly in tobacco. 
 When we had tinilhed our bufmefs, we fat down to 
 drink with them, and though thty were not quite fo 
 brutal as lome of the Laplanders, their converfation 
 was extremely rude and indecent. 
 
 " Uur holl here furnidied us with as many fledges 
 as wc had occafion for ; and we departed about one 
 o'clock in the afternoon, and went with great fpeed 
 through different and unlicaten wades, till about fix 
 in the evening, when defcending a hill, we obferved 
 two huts under a rock, a little out of the way. Our 
 guide informed us that they belonged to two Kilop' 
 who no fooner faw us, than they fled with their wives 
 and families. After a mod fatiguing journey, wc 
 arrived about 1 1 o'clock at nignt, at a large village 
 at the bottom of a hill, by a river fide, and went to 
 a cottage in the middle of the place, whither our cat- 
 tle thought proper to conduil us to. The mailer of 
 the houfe received us with great civility, made a fire 
 in the middle of the hut to warm us, and treated 
 us with brandy, dried fidi, and fait venifon, with 
 fait I'Utter and milk : this was the beft fare wc 
 had met vvith finreour letting out, and wefhould have 
 lupped moll fumptuoully h.id we had any bread left, 
 but our flore was unhappily confumed. Wc were 
 furprilcd at this fudden change, not having before met 
 with any fait provifions, which however our guide 
 would not taflc, but ate fome frefh venifon that he 
 had brought with him. 
 
 " Li the morning we found they had nothing to 
 trade with, and that they could not ftipply us with 
 fledges ; upon which we crofied the river, and foon 
 reached another village, and hired rein-deer and 
 fledges to carry us to Kola, where we arrived about 
 noon. 
 
 •' Kola is a little citj', fituatc on the fide of a ri 
 
 Vol. I. No, 48. ' 
 
 ver, nciir ten leaguer, from the norih lea, hav'ng a ! irj.'« 
 loicd and dil.iits to the <a(l, M.uiriTiaiirK' im"ic H' 
 th' will, and very lii^li mouiil.mis to till- I'cnitli. It 
 lonfills of one iiKl1ll1.11 lit (Ircct, the ho\i((s(if whii tl 
 arc built of wood, and very lo'\, but ,uc haiull('Mii.!y 
 raofid with li(h bonis; .;ihl cm the top dure is a hnl; 
 hit to let in the light, as luoth.r parts of lyiipl.ind. 
 The inhabitants ol tlli^ pl.ice, ,iinl in, lied of Mul- 
 cuvv in genci.d, are (n jcdoiis ol llulr wivts, that 
 they lock them up to pieveiit their being fci n by 
 (Irangers, 
 
 " J'he pcrfiins with whom we lodged at Kola,' 
 took all our cloth otV our hands, and i;ave u< in ex- 
 ihanjjC two lynxes (kins finely ipotttii, three dozen of 
 white fox (kins, fiiine ermines, and li.ilf a do/.cn of 
 wyetfras, an animal not unlike a b.Ki:;er, but with 
 longer and rougher hair, of a dark red colour, and a 
 tail like a fox (Jur holl likewil'e fu]i|ili;ii us with 
 fledges to the fide of the river we had lo iaulv palleJ, 
 and provifions fulficicnt to lall us to Varancjer. 
 
 " The next morning, when we weie preparing to 
 depart, fome of the towns people rnqiiiied ^lullKf 
 we had any rolls of tobacco Itit ? and being anlweud 
 in the alBrmative, foon fetched fuismiug!! to pur- 
 chafe all wc had, except levcn or eiyht mil*, which wc 
 refcrved to pay our way back to X'arani;! r ; tor to- 
 bacco is more nccdl'ary to thole who trivel in thi^ 
 wild and unfrequented country, than gold, the [>ap- 
 landcrs preferring a bit ot the length of one's fiii^ir, 
 to a ciown-piece. 
 
 " The kings of Denmark and .Sweden, and thfi 
 Czar of Mulcovy, have taxed it lever ly, aiultliio 
 arecolleiSlors fettled in every frontier town, to guihee 
 the imports upon it. 
 
 " When wt had difpatched our hirfinefs, wc were 
 obliged, accoreiing to the cullom of tli ■ plae ■, to drink 
 uith our chapman. They all cntertainc.l us with 
 brandy, and kept us till two in the afternoon, when 
 our hod provided us with rein-deer ar.d llcdges, 
 packed up our furs for us, and fjrnifhcd us « iih bif- 
 cuit, ginger-bread, and faked rein-deer venifon, be- 
 fides a fmall runlet of brandy, ^\'e now itoreil our 
 merchandife in one of our llcdgcs, got into the other 
 ourfelves, and having drank a bumpir of brandy 
 with our chapman at parting, fet out on our return 
 for the village, on the other fide cf t!;e river. 
 
 " We arrived at the fird village by fevtn o'c!i)ck, 
 foon crofltid the river, and went directly to our old 
 quarters, where our landlord, in hopes of getting 
 more tobacco, received us veryjoyfullv. He imme- 
 diately gave us a cup of brandy, and if we chofe it,- 
 would have provided us with Hedges to goforv\ard im- 
 mediately ; but we chofc to rt-d ourielvcs till thi; 
 morning, there being no village for fever.il lea:;ues 
 from his habitation j upon which he gave us anoth.r 
 cup of brandy, and alked us to accompany him to 
 the funeral ot one of his neighbours, who h.id been 
 dead about four hours. 
 
 " This invitation was extremely agreeable to w, a? 
 we had heard much of their funeral ceremonies ; \va 
 therefore .ittended him to the houfe of the decialVd, 
 where wi faw the corpfe removed hv fix of his n cit 
 intimate friends, from the bear's (kinon whleli he h.;d 
 expired, into a wooden coflin ; the body being fiilt 
 wrapped in linen, and the face and hands only beini; 
 left bare. Li the colhii tlu'v had put brandy, diiid 
 fi(h and venifon, to lubfiil him on his inurney to hea- 
 ven ; in one hanil they put a purii; with money in it, 
 to fee the porter of the gate of Paradile, and in the 
 other a certificate, figr.ed by a parifh pried, and di- 
 rettcd to St. Peter, informing him that the bearer had 
 been a good Chriftian, and ought to be admitted into 
 heaven ; and at the bend of the coffin was placed an 
 im.ige drcfled like a pilgiim, which they called St. 
 Nicholas, who was one of the (even deacons men- 
 tioned in the adls of the Apollles. 
 
 " This St. Nicholas Is greatly reverenced in all 
 parts of Mulcovy, where he is ("uppofed to be a par- 
 ticular friend to the dead ; therefore his image is 
 always fixed near thccmpfe, inllcad of a crucifix. 
 
 7 D " " The 
 
 r flT t iyjwj r j.m . u gg; 
 
»i 
 
 TRAVELS IN RUSSIA AND SIBERIA. 
 
 [i:68 
 
 I 
 
 *• They fet fir« to fome fir-tree rooti, piloJ up M 
 a convenient dilUiicc frimi ihc rolBn, wcpi, liowlul, 
 ami rnaJi- u variety o( (luingc gilliiies, alluiiiin;: a 
 ihiiuLuid ilirt'eienl atlitiiJes m (hew llie extr.i\.i(;.iniL 
 t)l their forrow. When tlii> iu)i(c,anil theli" ;.',iHieiila- 
 tion> W( re over, ihiy ii.irclied Itver.il tiinc« rounil 
 llie corj't'o ill pn-iflliiri, i.fkiii;; the ilecealiil why he 
 ilitil? Whuher lie w.i^ .iiii'iv wiih hi^ wil'cf WlKiher 
 he llixij ill iireil ol 1111,11, drink, nr ( luiihs i \( he h.id 
 bull uiiriuiiMiil in lidiihir, ur loll liin !;.nne « lien 
 hunting.' Alter .iIIviiil: iKefe, and a thi'iilaiid nther 
 <|iultiiili^ Kjiiallv ridkuloii^, tliev reliinud ti.eir 
 huwiiiit;, (tanipeil with all li.:ns iil diHi.iClinn, while 
 a priell, uhu altciulcd, tnquently Iprinkled cnnli- 
 ctated water on the curpl'e and the inourncit alter- 
 nately. 
 
 " Ucing quite wearied with looking on thele bar- 
 barous rites, we lelt our landlord behind us, and 
 Teturneil to his cuttagc, where we found his wile. 
 She had made .1 lallv iVom the place in « liieli her 
 hulb.ind h.id coiiriiKd her on our arrival, and no 
 tboner law us, than fiiiipofing he was in our com- 
 p.inv, would have rciiied to her corner, but oui 
 inlerprc:er ae<)u. intinp; her that her hulband was at 
 llie luneral, and would not return for fonic time, (he 
 came Very willingly among us, examined us all at- 
 tentively one al';er .uii.hci, appearing !;ood humoured, 
 r.nd well phalid with u<. When (he had latisfiid 
 her ciiriofuv, Ihc fat down with u«, and llievvedusa 
 bonnet of Ik r ov\ 11 uiibroiJerinp, very cutioiidy per- 
 fumed with tinfel tliread. Alter h.iving tafttd our 
 pnivifions, but partieulaily the gin{;erbreaJ, which 
 ihe feemed fond of, and drank two or three L-lallcs of 
 brandy, Ihc wilhJicw to her place of conlinemcnt, 
 for fear of her hufband's return, who would have 
 certainly rcfentcil Iter taking fuch liberty, had he 
 catched her anKuig us. 
 
 •' When the hulband came home, be infiftcd on our 
 eating and drinking with him, .Titer which ue fmoaktd 
 a I ipc i and as our guide would touch tuilhing that 
 was fait, he had a piece of bear's fltfli, which he 
 broiled on the coals. 
 
 " We rofc early the next morn'.njr, and being 
 furnifhed with convenient fledges, and excellent lein- 
 dcer, V ere carried at the rate of fix leagues an hcur. 
 As we were palling between two hills, we law a 
 Laplander u,oing a hunting, who came up to us, and 
 fkated on the I'now, which often lies unnultrd till 
 fuinmer, as faft as wc lode in our fledges, llis (kates, 
 which were made of the bark of a tree, were (even 
 feet and a half long, four fingers broad, and flat at the 
 bottom. His diefi was deer's fkin, embroidered 
 with tinfel, and he had a girdle of the fame fort round 
 his waill, a large tjuiver at his back, a dart in one 
 hand, and a bow in the other, and was followed by a 
 large black cat. Me kept company w iih us about half 
 a league, and we parted at the lout of the mountain. 
 " W'e continued our rout three days, Hopping at 
 the fame places where we lay before, and meeting 
 with nothing cxtraurdinaiv. Our cnteitaiiiinent and 
 method of travelling was exactly the lame as before, 
 and on the 21ft of .May, about nine o'cloik at night, 
 wc arrived fafelv at Veranger, having met with no 
 riccident in the courfe of our journey, and having 
 been every where treated with the utmoft civility." | 
 
 The L-plandrrs throw the dart with fuch di ^tcritv, 
 that till. V will hit a mark of the li/e r I a crown pun , 
 at the liill.ince of thirty pace*, and ilirv are loexpcrt 
 ill the ufe of the bow and arrou , that ih' v can (hoot » 
 biid flying in wh,ne\er part tluy think proper; yet 
 thevare fo aierle to war, that if the King of SwcXn 
 or iJenmark, or the C/ar of MuUuvy, wants foldiers 
 from among them, thiy leave their dwelling*, and 
 (kulk in the woods, to avcid being fi.rccd into the 
 (erviie. 
 
 The women of the Mul'covite Lapland, who are 
 k pt under greater tediietii/iis than thole of iheothtr 
 l.aplands, make all thei li,aths for ih'ir hufljandi and 
 laniilies, which ihjy eiiibroider round the edges with 
 tinlel thread drawn between their teeth to a furprifinjc 
 linciiefs. They are handfomr, well (haped, and 
 good humoiiied, but fo extremely lewd, that they 
 would give tlicmfi Ives up to the (ir(t comers, if they 
 were not narrowly watched. 
 
 The Laplanders have plenty of fowl, which theyf 
 feed with the grain of which they make their drink, 
 and when that is (earce, give them dried fifli. MoU 
 ot the hearts of L.iplin>l are white, as hares, wolves, 
 foxes, (ic. but what is very extraordinary, their 
 crows may h.- compared to fwans lor whitencfs, hav- 
 ing nothing black about them, but their bills and 
 feet. 
 
 There is a bird of prey in this country, of a deep 
 pearl c<dour, as large as an eagle, but not otherwilit 
 relcmbling it than the beak and claws : his head is 
 like that of a cat, his eyes are red and Iparkling i he 
 devour;, hares and other fmall game. 
 
 They have likewife a fmall cur, which is an ex- 
 cellent moufcr, and feeds on his prey likcacat, thef* 
 dogs, though very ugly, are greatly cftccmed : they 
 arc about a foot long, and four inches thick ; their cars 
 prick up like thole of a fox, and their he.ids are (haped 
 like a rat's, the tail curls, and the hair, which is * 
 light yellow, is \ery rough, and generally (lands aa 
 end. 
 
 Thcfilh, which when dried, the Laplanders ufe for 
 bread, is called raff; it is very broad, and two or 
 three yards long ; it is firm, fubrtantial, and except- 
 ing the fat, has a very good tarte. I'hey have plenty 
 of other forts of lifh, and though they have an anti- 
 pathy to fait, yet they boil them in fait water, if they 
 live near enough to the fca, to get it conveniently. 
 
 The rein-dctr, of which we have civen a defer iption, 
 is a native of this country, and like certain trees, 
 peculiar to other climates, feems calculated to fupply 
 in general, the wants of the fimple inhabitants. 
 The riches of a Laplander confid in the number of 
 thefe animals that he polfcfles, whi>h are equally 
 ufeful and hardy, and entirely adapted to endure the 
 cold winter of the arflic regions. 
 
 We met with nothing farther worthy of notice in 
 Lapland, unlefs we were willing, like fome authors, 
 to crowd our relation, with an account of the won- 
 derful forceries of the natives, who when intoxicated 
 with brandy, are n.aJ enough, by the help of an 
 inlhument painted with various figures, to pretend 
 to foretel future events to thofe who are weak enough 
 to believe them. We (hall therefore clofe this ac- 
 count, and proceed to a defcription of the Ruffian 
 Empire. 
 
 TRAVELS IN RUSSIA, SIBERIA, &c. by Mr. HANWAY and OTHERS. 
 
 RUSSIA owes her elevation to her prefent pitch 
 of greainefs, to the adtive genius and unremitting 
 toils of the Czar Peter the third, who (irft began to 
 mould the rugged natives into men, and brought the 
 valt unwieldy body he governed into the form of a 
 growing empire, and an European power. 
 
 The ancient fovereigns of Ru(fia, fttled themfelves 
 great Dukes, and afterwards Czars ; but Peter thr 
 Great ali'umed the title of emperor, and that title is 
 allowed by all Europe. The titles of the emperor at 
 full length are, •• Emperor and ible Sovereign of all 
 the Ruffians, Sovereign Lord of Mofcow, Kiow, 
 
 Waditnirea, 
 
1768] 
 
 TfeAVELS IN RUSSIA AND SIBERIA. 
 
 ii'/ 
 
 WBilimirca, NovogroJ, Ciar in Cifin, Aftrawn, 
 •nd Liberia) Lord ot I'lcflcow) Gmt Duke nf Sinu- 
 lenfkoi Duke uf I- (llicnia, Livonia, und Carelia i of 
 Twcria, Ingria, Pcniia, Wiatliia, Bulgaria, and Lord 
 of I'cveral other Tciritoricii_Gre.it Uuki of Novogrod, 
 in the low Country of Tftie'rnicko*, Yif.iii, Rnltow, 
 JarnOav, Hiilu-fcru, Uldoriii, Coiidinia j Lniptror 
 of all the Northern Part* i Lord ol the 'IVrrilory of 
 
 iuwcriai of ihc C.irthulinian, (jt(W/inian, and 
 Itorijian C/. irs ; of ihi' Kabantiiiian, Circjfri.ni, 
 and Gorian Hriiiccs ; Lord and Suprinic Rultr ol 
 ma'hy other Countries and Territories." 
 
 .1 he powri of the Kmperor of Ruflia is ai abfolutc 
 and unlimittcd as poflible. Hcierthe Great publifticd 
 an ordnaiicr, by wliicli the fuccrlTion was entirely lo 
 depend upon the will of the r igning fovcrcign ; noi 
 have they any other written fundamental law, relat- 
 ing to the fucccfliiin. 
 
 The empire of Ruflia i<. boiintlcd on the north and 
 call by the main, and tovfaid'i the well ami I uth its 
 limits are fettled by trc-atits, coiuludcd by fiviral tar 
 diftant powers j with the Swulc-, the Poks, the 
 Turks, the Pcrfi,in«, and the CliiiR'H'. 
 
 The number of provinces comptclicndcd in tl 
 Empire of Ruflia being very prcat, and many of 
 them very txtenfivc, it nccilVanly follows, that the 
 foil and tcmpcraiurr of the air, mull be txtrcniily 
 various indift'tnnt parts. 
 
 In thofe which lie beyond fixty dey;iecs of north 
 latitude, thrrc are few pL.rcs where corn will grow to 
 maturity i and in the noilliern pjrls of the empire, 
 which rc.ich beyond fevcnty di-^rics, no good fruit 
 arc prndurt'd, cxiipt in the cuuiitry about Archangel 
 where many bufhes and (hrubs yrow fpontancoully, 
 and yield Icveral forts of berries. In the neighbour- 
 hood of that city horned cattle iirc alfo bred, and 
 there are plenty of wild bcalfs and fowls, and fevcra' 
 forts of filh. 
 
 In the middle province of this empire, the foi 
 produces moft kind of trees and gardi:n IViiits, corn, 
 honey, &c. 'I'hey are alfo well Uocked with horned 
 cattle; the rivers arc navigable, and filled with the 
 beft kind of fifli, and the woods abound with game. 
 
 In the foutlicrn parts of the empire the coUl is very 
 fcvcrc, and the days in winter are extremely fljoitj 
 but the fummers are warm and plealant, and even 
 in the fliortcft nights the twilight is very luminous. 
 
 When the day is at the (hortcft at Archangel, the 
 fun rifcs at twenty-four minutes aftir ten in the 
 morning, and lets at thirty-fix minutes after one 
 
 At Peterlburg, the fun riles at fitieen minutes after 
 nine, and fets at forty-five minutes after two ; but at 
 Aftr.ican the fun rifes at forty minutes alter feven, 
 and fets at twelve minutes after four. At the fum- 
 mcr folftice, when the day is at the greatcd length, 
 this order is revcrfcd, and the fun riles at AUracan at 
 twelve minutes after four, and fets about forty 
 minutes after feven ; and at Archangel rifes at thirty 
 fix minutes after one, and fets at twenty-four minutes 
 after ten. 
 
 It IS generally remarked, that the eaftern countries 
 are much colder in winter, than the welfern that lies 
 in the fame latitude; this is particularly true with 
 refpecl to Rullia : for the river Neva, at Peterfburg 
 is in fome years covered with ice, fo early as the 24tn 
 of October; and in other years, when latcft, about 
 the 22d of November, but in general thaws by the 
 26th of April, old ftyle. 
 
 The reader cannot fail of being pleafed to fee the 
 progrefs of the fcafons at Peteifburg, which is fituated 
 in fifty-nine degrees of latitude, as given by Mr 
 Hanway. 
 
 February generally brings with it a bright fun and 
 a clear (ky ; every objcil feems to glitter with gems, 
 and the nerves become braced by the cold. There is 
 no fmall amufemcnt in riding in fledges upon the 
 tiiow, to thole who from the length of the winter 
 have forgot the much Itipcrior plealure, which nature 
 prefcnts when cloathed in all her verdure. 
 
 March is frequently attended with (howcrs, which 
 7 . 
 
 with the heat of the fun, penetrates the ice; this is 
 generally three quarteis of a y.trd thi< k on the N<.v,'< 
 and in fume gieat rivers to the north-ialt, mticli 
 thicker. This renders it like a hniu v comb, and 
 about the end of that month, it iiiually bre.iks up. 
 
 The month of April is vciy warm j lumn:er liem. 
 to pifcide the Ipriiigi lor it is lon».iiirtb the hill 
 ol June before any verdure appeal s, and then the 
 intmlc heat brings it on lofall, ihii' ihe eyi- can dil- 
 covcr its progrefs from day to<!..y. Till ilir middle ot 
 July it feems to be one continued d.iy, the fun not 
 entirely difappcaring above two hour:> in the twenty- 
 four. 
 
 The rain and froft generally heijins In September, 
 anil the level uy ol bmh ii cu.k- in (Jilobti, anil ;ii 
 November ihi rucr Ncrva Is .iKv.iys liu/rn. At this 
 timeconies on tlic feafon loi an eily »...! cxpeditioun 
 coiivyaiice on the fnow, by uhic!), h.lh piovil'ions 
 arc hr' ui^ht to niar>'-t, icoo Kii;;lilh r d , by I nul j 
 fo thai ui.f of Archanail isofti:n >.ai'.n at I'l;. iftjurg. 
 The cold IS 10 very inti iil. in Uiccin!),! and J muary, 
 that the poor, who arc overtaken by 1 ipior, tr expoled 
 to the air in open plaies, ate treipuntly fri zc to 
 death : but the great iiii:iiuiiii.s of wuoJ, clileHy birch 
 and elder, with which the csuntry aliminV, and the 
 cim'.iiiuilioufnclsof the (fdves, enables ihi !iih..b''.ants 
 to introduce any (lc;;ree of heat In'othen Louies. 
 
 There is not a tenth p.irt of the Ruflian Empire 
 propeily cultivated, or fufficiently peopled; for not- 
 witliHanding its prndiijinus extent, the number ot 
 inhabit ints who pay the- poll tax, is rtckoneil at only 
 five millions one hundred thoufand ; and the reff, 
 including the females, are about ten millions, 
 exclufivu of the inhabitants of the conquered 
 provinces. 
 
 The principal rivers of Ruflia, arc the VVolga, 
 which takes its rife in the foreft of Walconlii, and is 
 one of the largcft rivers in the world ; for it run* 
 .ibovc 2C00 miles before it falls into the Cafpian Sea. 
 Its banks in moft places are fertile, and though not 
 fufficiently cultivated, on account of the frequent 
 incurfions of the Tartars, yet the foil fpontantoufly 
 products all kinds of cfculent herbs, and afpaiagus 
 in particular, of a very extraordinary fizr and goodnefs. 
 This river receives fevcral other confidi-rable ones, 
 among which are the Occa and Cania, and diftharge* 
 itlVlf by feveral mouths into the Cafpian Sea, by 
 which means it forms many iflands. 
 
 The Don (or Tanais) has its I'ource not far from 
 Tulain, the Iwans AfTcro, or St. John's Lake. It 
 fiilt runs from north to fouth and alur its conflux with 
 the Sofna, diredts its courfe from well to eaft, and 
 in feveral large windings, again runs from north to 
 loutb, but at length diviiling into three channels, falls 
 into the lea ol Alapli. The Don in its courfe, ap- 
 proaches fo near the VVolga, that '.n one place the 
 dillance between them is but a hundred and forty 
 werfts, or about eighty Englifli mih;«. 
 
 Tht Dcvinais a very large river, the n.nme figni- 
 fies double, it being formed by the conflux of the 
 Sukona and the Yug. This river divides itfelf into 
 two branches or channels near Archangel, from 
 whence its runs into the White Sea, 
 
 The Nieper, the ancient Boryflhenes, arifcs from 
 a morafs in the foreft of Walconfki, about 120 miles 
 above Smolofki, and forms feveral windings through 
 Lithuania, Little Ruflia, the country of the Zaporo 
 Caflaes, and a track inhabited by the Nagian Tartars ; 
 and after farming a marfhy lake of fixty werfts in 
 length, and in many places, two, four, or even ten 
 werfts in breadth, difcharges illVlf into the Black 
 Sea. 
 
 The banks on this river are on both fides generally 
 high, and the foil excellent; but in fummer the 
 water is not very wholefome. The Neiper has no 
 left than thirteen water- laKs, within the fpace of fixty 
 werfts ; yet in fprine, during the land floods, empty 
 vcffels may be hauled over them. There is but one 
 bridge over this river, and that is a floating one, a{ 
 Kiow, 1 6 j8 paces in length. This bridge is taken 
 
 away 
 
 
 ** ,.,.. 
 
.^JJ.. U»«.<V yfj. . 
 
 j6o 
 
 TRAVELS IN RUSSIA AND StBERlA. 
 
 Ui^i' 
 
 about the end of September, to give the Aakei of ice 
 a free palTage down the livcr, and ii ag^in put together 
 in fpring. 
 
 A great number of millt ere^ed in boati, are to be 
 fcon on this river. 
 
 The bke of La.logi, fituated between the gulph of 
 Finland and the laki- of Onrpi, it cfteemed the large!) 
 Like in Europe, .ind i« fuppofed to exceed any other 
 fur it% plenty of lilh, amon,i; which are alfu fcali. It 
 is 150 miles in length, and ninety in breadth. Thi( 
 lake is full of quick-fiinds, which being moved from 
 place to place, by the frequent dorms to which it is 
 fuhje^, caufc feveral fliclves along it< courfe, which 
 often proves fatal to the flat- bottomed vellt:ls of the 
 RufTuns. 
 
 This induced I'eter the Great tocaufe a cannt iKai 
 ^oEnglilh miles in length, feventy in breadth, and 
 ten or eleven deep, to be cut, at a vaft ex pence, from 
 the fouth-weft extremity of tlii< lake, to the fea. 
 
 This great work was begun in the year 17 18, and 
 though vigoroudy profecuted, was not completed till 
 the year 1752, ui the reign of the Einpref* Aniie. 
 There are 25 fluices on this canal, and (i'veral rivers 
 runintoit. Atthe diftanceof every werft, along its 
 banks, there is a pillar marked with the number of 
 werftsi and a regiment of foldiers are conftantly em- 
 ployed to keep the canal in repair. The molt fruit- 
 ful part of Ruflia is near the frontiers of Poland, 
 where the inhabitants have corn enough to fupply their 
 neighbours. The northern parts arc over-run with 
 forefts, chiefly inhabited by wild beafts, and are ex- 
 tremely cold and marfhy. 
 
 Fiih is much more common diet than flefli, through- 
 out the whole nation ; for their fads take u|> near two 
 thirds of the year, during which they arc abfolutcly 
 prohibited by their religion to taftf of animal food j 
 which is obfcrvcil with tlie utmoft ftriiflnels. 
 
 A perfon may travel very cheap and cxpcditioufly 
 both in fummer and winter in Ruflia : the poll-roads 
 leading to the chief towns arc very cx.iifHy mcafurcd, 
 with werfts marked, and the poll ftaf>cs fixed at pro- 
 per diflanccs ; for throughout the whole empire, and 
 even in Siberia, a pillar i> infctibed with the number 
 of werlls crciicd at the end of each. 
 
 Between Riga .ind Pctcrfburgh, the hire of a poft 
 horfe for every werft is no more than two copciksand 
 an half, which is one penny three farthings Ikrling ; 
 between Novograd and Mofcow, but half a copcik. 
 Nothing can be im>rc accommodated to cafe and dif- 
 patch than travelling in (ledges durin'j the winter, 
 when the earth is covered with deep fnow, and im- 
 nalTablc for wheel carriages ; for in the journey Mr. 
 Hanway made in that feafon U om Mofcow to Peterf- 
 burgh, he flept in his fledge, without waking, while 
 he advanced too werlls, or 66 Englifli miles. 
 
 The whole road betwixt thofe two cities was 
 marked out in the fnow by young fir-trees, planted on 
 each flde, at the dillance of twenty yards, which at a 
 moderate computation, amount to 128,480 trees. 
 At certain diftances were likewife great piles of wood, 
 to be fet on fire, in order to give light to the cmprefs 
 and her court, if they pafTed by in the night. 
 
 Hermajeily, on thefc occaflons, is drawn in a kind 
 of houfe, which contains her bed, a table, and other 
 conveniences, where four perfoni may take repall. 
 This wooden firu£lure, which has a floping roof, and 
 finall windows to keep out the cold, is fixed on a 
 fledge, and drawn by 24 pod-horles ; and if any of 
 them fail on the road, there are others ready to fupply 
 their places. 
 
 The late cmprefs was fcldom more than three days 
 and three nights on the journey, (notwithdanding her 
 having feveral palaces at which (he fometimes dopped 
 to refrefh herfelf } though the diftitnce is 488 Englifh 
 miles : and once this journey was made by Peter the 
 Great in 46 hours, but he did nst travel in the fame 
 kind of carriage. 
 
 The Ruflian language is derived from the Sclavo- 
 nian, hut at prefent it is very different from it ; and 
 with regard to religieui fubjecls, abounds with Greek 
 Wtrds. 
 
 Their alphabet confidt of a4letteri, moft of theia 
 Greek characters, a> tliey were written in the 91I1 
 century) but it the latter did not cxprefs e\iti^ par- 
 ticular found in the Sclavonian language, ricourle 
 was had to feveral Hebrew letters, and tu the inven- 
 tion of fome arbitrary figni. Various tlialrtits a/« 
 ul'ed in the different parts of the Ruffian empire, at 
 theMufcuvite, the Nurogrodian, the Ukrainian, anJ 
 that of the Archangel. 
 
 The Ruflians prufeft the religion of the Greek 
 church, which was fird enibraicd by the (treat 
 Duchcfs Ogta, fovertign of RufHa, in the nine hun- 
 dred and fifty-fifih year alter the birth of C'hrid. 
 The external part of ihtir religion confilis in tlie 
 number and fcverity of their falfi, in which ihty l.ir 
 exceed the Romifn church. Their ulual wvikly 
 fadt are on WednclUays and Fridays, In lent, (Ley 
 neither eat flefli, milk, egg", nor butler; but nm- 
 tine ihemfelvet to vegetables, bread, and lilh ImJ 
 in oil. 
 
 The Ruflians are great enemies to the wnrfhip uf 
 graven images, aud yet are lb aliliirdly iiKiinfillciii, 
 that in their piivate devotions, they kneel IicIkk-j 
 
 fii£)ure of our S.ividur, theVirj^in Mary, St. Niiho- 
 as, or fonie other f.imt, which is an iiuliiji.'iil.ililc 
 picceof furniture in their ilofet. To lliis thi;y bi>* 
 feveral times, making the fiijn of the crofs wiih tlivir 
 thumb, f«ie-finger, and third-finger, on the brciift, 
 forehead, and ftioulders ; at the lame time lepcaiii.i;, 
 in a low voice, the Lord's Prayer, and fume Ihorl 
 ejaculations ; particularly, " Lord he mercifnl unto 
 me." Indeed they fildom pafs by a church witliuut 
 uttering thcfe words, at the fame time bowing and 
 crofling thcmfelves, without paying the le,:d regard 
 to any pcrl'on who may happen to be within fight. 
 
 Great numbers of the common piople, niul even 
 fome perfons of rJnk, either by way <'f' pen.inre, i>r 
 fome other motives of Jiumiliation, pioilrate th(m- 
 felves on their faces at the entrance of the cliurch, 
 and thofe who arc conlcious of having contr.it'Ud any 
 impurity, forbear entering the church. The bslU 
 are often rung ; and as ringing iscouiite^I a branch (*' 
 devotion, the towns arc provided wiili a great number 
 of belli, which make, as it were, a continual chi- 
 min;. 
 
 The divine fervice is entirely performed in thi- Scla- 
 vonian tongue, which the people do not unJeiOaiul, 
 as it is very different from the mudirn Kuflian \ and 
 this fervice confifts of abundance of trifling cereimi- 
 nies, long mafles, finging, and prayers j ;ill whi'h 
 are perfcinned by the priells, while the peopi-.' onljr 
 repeat, " Lord be merciful to me." Thiy (i ineiimn 
 give a leisure from one c>f the fathers ) hui On rear- 
 few churches in which Arnioiis are ever ddiv.ud, and 
 even in thefe they pre.ich but fcl.lom. • 
 
 In Ruffia there arc a !;rcat number of convents fir 
 the religious of bolh fexcs ; but Peter the firft, with 
 the utmod prudence and good policy, ordcrrd that no 
 perfon (hould be allowed to enter on a monaliic life 
 before 50 years of agej however, fiiice his death, 
 this regulation has been repealed, it being thought 
 proper to fhew a greater condefecnfion to the nionaf- 
 terics ; hut no man is permitted to turn monk till he 
 is thirty, nor any woman to commence until ilie v% 
 50 i and even then not without the exprcfs approbation 
 and licence of the holy fynod. 
 
 Ruffia afl^ords a variety of articles of commercr, 
 that arc of great ufe to foreigners; and as the exports 
 of this country farexceed its imports, the balance of 
 trade is confiderably in its favour. The RuHlan home 
 commodities are fables, and black furs ; the Iki^s of 
 blue and white foxes, ermine«, hyaenas, lynxes, lijuir- 
 rels, bears, panthers, wolves, martini, wild cats, 
 white hares, &c. Likewife Ruflia leather, coppc:, 
 iron, ifinglafs, tallow, pitch, tar, linfeed-oil, triin. 
 oil, rofin, honey, wax, pot-alh, hemp, flax, t'lreiid, 
 calamancoes, Ruflia linen, fail-cloth, mat«, callor, 
 Siberian mufk, mamonts teeth and bones, us thfy arc 
 called} foap, feathers, hogs brifl Us, tiniber, Uc. ta 
 which may be added th? Chinefe goods, rhubarb, and 
 
 f 
 
»75<»] 
 
 t R A V E L 3 IN k r S S I A AND S I B T. K I A 
 
 oilier ilnigi, with which (he rcll of Europe ik pjrily 
 fiipiiliid tiy the Kufluni/ 
 
 I'hc (r.idc (o China is chiclly carried on hy cara- 
 variH, aiiJ parily hy private advriKurcrt. 1 he molt 
 valuable conimuditicK. and (hufe In the greatvll quan- 
 tity, cariied by the Kulli.in* lu China, are I'urs, in 
 return lur which they bung back gold, tea, filkn, 
 cutKin, kc. The iiadc li> Hcrfia, by the way of the 
 Allracaii and Cafjiian feai, iiconliderabic i and the. re- 
 turns arc made in raw filks, and filk fluffs. 'I he 
 trade with the Caliinics, which is entirely in privatu 
 hands confifl of all kinds of iron and copper iilcn- 
 fils i in return for which ihcv receive cattle, pruvi- 
 fioni, and fonieiimes gold and filver t but this trade 
 ii of no great importance. The trade to Oochara, 
 one of the chief towns of Ufbic Tarlary, is cither 
 for ready money, or by bartering of goods >or cund 
 lamb-flcins, Iniiian lilks, and fometiincs gems broujjhl 
 to the yearly fair at Samarkand. The traders in the 
 Ukraine fell all kinds of provifions to the Cnni 
 Tartars i and alfo carry on a iratle with the Circck 
 merchants at Conflantinople. The inhabitants ot 
 Kiow fend cattle and Ruin.! leather to SiUTia. 
 
 The Enulifh enjoyed confiderablc privileges in 
 trade, fo early as the reign of the C/,ar Iwan-Uafilo- 
 witz, to Whom Captain Chancellor delivered a letter 
 from Edward VI. in 1553, and received a licenfo to 
 tridc, which was renewed by Peter the (jreat, 
 
 A treaty of commerce was concluded between Ruf- 
 fia and England in 1742, by which it was (tipulated 
 that the Englilh fliould be allowed the privilege of 
 
 Sending goods through Rufliainto Perfia: but Cnptain 
 ^Itnn, nn Enuliflinun, having entered into the fer- 
 vice of Nadir Shah, and built ihips for that monarch 
 on the Cafpian fca, the Ruflians, together with the 
 troubles of Perfia, put an end to that trade ) however, 
 the Englifli flill carry on aconfiderable trade toRuflia, 
 and larger than that of any other nation. 
 
 Next to the Englifli, the Dutch carry on the 
 greatell trade with the Ruflians. Hills of exchange 
 are drawn at Petcrfburgh or Ainllerdam only, on 
 which account the traders of any other country than 
 Holland, who e\vi: commifllon for buying Rufl'uin 
 commodities at Petcrfburgh, arc obliged to procure 
 credit, or otherwife to have proper funds at Amlier- 
 dam. 
 
 All the coins of Ruflia, except ducat!:, have in- 
 
 fcriptions in the Ruffian tongue. The gold coins arc 
 mperial ducats i and the largcfl filver coin is the 
 ruble, the value of which rifes and falls according to 
 the courfc of exchange. A ruble in Ruflia is equ.il to 
 an hundred copciks,or fourfhillings and fix- pence ller- 
 ling. The other filver coins aiehalf rubles, which 
 are called Potinnics, and quarter rubles. Agraphc, 
 or griwes, is of the value of ten copeiks ; and ten 
 griwcs arc equal to a ruble. The copper coins are, a 
 copeik, which is of the value of about a half-penny ; 
 or dcnga, or denulhka, two of which make a co- 
 peik i and a polulhka, which is a quarter of a co- 
 peik. There are no other foicign pieces current in 
 Ruflia, except Holland rix dollarii, albert dollars, and 
 (lucafi. 
 
 Mr. Voltaire obferves of the Ruflian empire, that 
 •' It is of greater extent than all the reft of Eu- 
 rope, or than the Roman empire in the zenith of its 
 power ; or of the empire of Darius, fubdued by 
 Alexander ; for it contains more than eleven hundred 
 thoufaiid fquare le.igues. 
 
 " Neither the Roman empire, nor that of the Ma- 
 cedonian conqueror, comprifed more than 550,000 
 each ; and there is not a kingdum in Europe the 12th 
 p-irt f<> cxtenfive as the Roman empire. In length, 
 from the ifle of Dago, as far as its inoft eaftern limits, 
 it contains very near 170 degrees ; fo that when it is 
 noon day in the weft, it is very near midnight in the 
 eafternpartof this empire. In breadth, it ftretches 
 from fouth to north, 3000 werfts, which make 800 
 leagues." 
 
 Mofcow was formerly the capital of this vaft em- 
 pire, till the Czar thought fit to build it at Pctcrf- 
 
 Vot. I. No. 48. 
 
 buri^li, by which means he reljlvcd 10 mak<R^;flia4 
 ciinlidrrable European power. 
 
 'I'his city is built on llveral idanJi, wliuh were 
 nothing more than iiijrlhy IjioIh of mud, over run 
 with reeds : but the immuit.l Piter, whufe uiidtr- 
 ukings in every iliiiigcaiiiid a nu)V>>hctni.r of ul.;i 
 in thini that cm never be fufltcirnrly admired, con> 
 verted a milir.iblc bog into a hue city. 
 
 This city IS ihc (oul of coniiuerce in all ihefe nor- 
 ihrrti pails i It IS the fnundatum 011 wliicli all the 
 Rufli.in naval furce has been ere^tid i and the pnrt, on 
 which moii ili'piiids ih'.'ir nurlery of fiilors, Ai the 
 I'.im tune it is very dchcicnt a, a ttccpl.iile ol the nun 
 of war of a great inipire j for the depth oi w:\icr, tlis 
 frcftinclj of it, till- ducks, yards, every ilnn:' at I'e- 
 terlburgh, are ayainlt the ule of it f»i that puipule. 
 The yaidii are Jl Pi-tc-ilburgh, but ill- di|iih of v,jl^t 
 is lit iiiconliderable, that iioihiiig can be put on bujij 
 the lirll rale nun of w;ir bifore tin. y are lonvtved tu 
 Croniladt, which is not c.ifilv dune neither. (Jncc 
 this work was efllctcd by means ol nmll ixpenfive 
 machines, but nuw they come without that diflicully 
 by means of the new canal, which Is nut foconipleic 
 but infinite attention is nccillary for cunducting 
 them. 
 
 Men of war are not the only vefllls that are built 
 here ) galleys are much in ufc for the Baltic, but a* 
 this empire has experienced of laie great changes in 
 the fyllem of politics, the ufe of galleys varies ac- 
 cordingly. 
 
 A celebrated author fays, •• Galleys are here the 
 proper thing", be there never fo little watir, there is 
 always enough fnr them. Thev glide between the 
 iflands and the rocks ; they can land any where. The 
 Czar was fenfiblc of it at lal(, and f'nt for galley- 
 builders from Venice. I met with one of them gieatly 
 advanced in years, and was not a lirilc furpiifed tu 
 hear terminations in a. o. in (0 div;rei.s of latitude. 
 Ihe galleys one fees here, are of difter.-n; li/,es : there 
 are liiiall ones which carry about 130 rr.en, and others 
 fome much larger. They arc all armed with two 
 pirccs of cannon on the prow, and fuiniflu'd with 
 chace-guns, and fwivcis on the fides. 'I'he Czar 
 gave to each of them the name of a Ruflian iini. 
 Now they arc numbered as the legions were ; there 
 are upwards of 130 of them, and they are to be much 
 more numerous. By this means an army of 30,000 
 men are tranfported with great cafe. Rowing is to 
 the Ruffian foldiers what the exercife of fwimming 
 was to the Romans. Every foot foldier learris to han- 
 dle the oar at (he fame time as the mulquct, by which 
 means, without maritime commerce, and without 
 embargoes, the Ruflians have always crews reidy for 
 their galleys. They caft anchor every night, and 
 land where it is leaft cxpe£ied. When difembarked^ 
 they draw thim up npgn the land, range them in a 
 circle, with their prows and artillery pointed outward,- 
 and thus they have in a trice a fortified camp. They 
 leave five or fix battalions to guard it, and with the 
 reft of their troops over-run the country, and lay it 
 under contribution. The expedition ended, they re- 
 embark, and begin in another quarter. Sometime^ 
 they tranfport their vefli'ls from one water to another 
 over a flip of land, as was pradlifed by the antienti 
 on feveral occafions, and particut.irly after the ex- 
 ample of Mahomet II. at the fiege of Conftanti- 
 nople. 
 
 «« The Swedes can tcftify whether thefc Rufliari 
 galleys are formidable. They have feen them ravage, 
 their rich mines of Norkopping, the whole coafts 0/ 
 Gothland and Sudcrmania, and (Lew themfelves evea 
 before Stockholm." 
 
 Pcterfburgh is amazingly increafed within thefc 40' 
 years : at the death of Peter the Great, it did noi 
 contain 80,000 inhabitants, and now the Ruffians 
 affcrt that there are 500,oco, but this is an exaggera- 
 tion. It covers a very great extent Of land ana wa- 
 ter. The ftrcets are fomc of them broad, long, »ni 
 with canals in the middle of them ; and others are 
 planted in the Dutch faibion} the houfcs are im- 
 7 E imMclj 
 
$ftj 
 
 TRAVELS IW RUK.SfA ANb SlRKRlA. 
 
 f'7<il 
 
 ftienfcly l.irglf I ihc pilacc^ of ihe niihiliry cxi-rnl Ih 
 (Ui , ihdif t>r ;iiiyiilv) nnj iIijC of llie cmpr fs it 
 •n uiii.t/iiu-; Itrui'tiirc ; hill jII i« ^'i ;.inur, Ihry -tre r,i- 
 ihcr );i(.it ihuii brjutilul i ihr t'wr n .ill ihut lliikiii the 
 (ye i Aiul tlicit' pr<><lij.'.ii>ii> pilr« .iri; lliiik In Ihiik with 
 nriuiiiriii.<, that lluu- ii h,iiilly >invlU(li lliiiig »\ 
 judging rf thi'ir pri>|ii>riii>iiii , ilic li.ili.in ardiiuc 
 luri' i% iMixi'J wiili lilt' Dull. h, .iiiil llir wlmlc Imnii 
 vcrv liiili yint liiiii.lii^^*, ill uhitli tiiir LilIc l<i whiilK 
 racrilicTtl III a piiiliilinn ol oiiliiiumI, I hi' C'/>ir 
 himlrll (pared iin puint inrtinUiiii^ it iu Itrmig .m 
 poliil'lc ; lnr hciiij; at ihf \c'iy («Uniuiy i)f hii ilii- 
 ftiinion', tlolf 111 hii cncniici tlii' Sni'ilo, aiul npiii 
 lo.ill the jlf.ick« whirli ate pollililc M .iiilc Irnni hi^ 
 Kiiiopcatt conti''xJi>n<, he in.iJc ,i puint of h.ivin^ it 
 impri'^i'.ulilo i but hi-rciii hr ciruinly lailtil. 'rhcii- 
 arc iii.iiiy lum, .inti wh.>lr ni«rr< cmiviMleil into plat- 
 furiiK, anil lined Irom ciitl to end with grrat |<un). 
 Thtfe works begin at Croiiftadt, whii h it madi- viry 
 flronp, .mJ they l,i(i to the city. There in a i-itidaj 
 rrt;ularly built, .iiid cap.iblv not only of inntet^ting 
 the cily on one lide, but allu ill'vlt uf tiaiidmg 
 fie^e. 
 
 There arc many public buildingi well worth the 
 attentiuii uf a tr.ivelirr, paitieularly the dink yardt 
 and the naval niagrtinet, the arfenal, fnumlry, ;id' 
 mlialty, &e. without Infiltiiig on the imperial palace, 
 ihr dihedral, or many churches. 
 
 Here is a foundry ; the iron i» brought from Kex- 
 holin by water, and tlieiiunibcr of cannon and nior- 
 lais that arc calt here arc very great ; alio cannon balK, 
 fhells, and all forts of military implemrnts in which 
 iron is uftd j \vhii.h urc made here «t as fniall an ex- 
 pence as in Sweden, or any other piri of the world. 
 I'hc arf. nal is alwayi well lloreii with them ; and 
 there arc vati qiiantiiies made on a private account fur 
 exportation, lorming .1 very conliderable briinch of 
 commerce. 
 
 " 'This city, (fays .Mr. Wraxall) is ni yet only an 
 immmfc oiilline, which v\ill require future cmprclFcs, 
 and almofl future a|;es to eoinpletc. It DaniU at 
 nn I nt on a prodiyious extent of ground j but as the 
 houlcs in ni.iiiy p.iris are nut contiguous, and great 
 fpaccs are left unbuilt, it is hard to alctrtAin its real 
 fiZB and magnitude. Devotion has not been wanting 
 to adi to her ma^nifici nee, and 10 erect |d.iccs of wor- 
 iliip in almoft every part. Curinfity and novelty have 
 carried nie to all of them. 'The (jxiernal architec- 
 ture differrs very little in any ; the Cineks (..eni as 
 fond of domes, as the Mahoinedans are of minarets in 
 their churches. 'Th'y ufually encircle one lar^e with 
 four fmallcr cupulns, and cover tlv-'m with copper gilt, 
 which has » fine cli'eiit on theeye whi n the fun Ihines 
 upon ft. The ornaments within ire cdly and bar- 
 barous : a Mexican temple can hinlly be more fo. 
 'They furround a daubing of the Virgin Mary and 
 Jefus, with gi>lil and filvcr heaJ-drcflls, and lomc- 
 times complete habits, and leave only cxpofed the tiiig- 
 gers, which the multitude very devoutly kifs. Some 
 cf thefe ttrange compound tigurcs of paint and me- 
 tal, arc very laughable, and the poor Madona (cims 
 like a prifoner in goUkn fettirs. 'Tlie prielts, 
 «re drcfl'ed id veftnunt"., which very much rel'emble 
 the Romilh, and aic generally conipofed of tiirue and 
 cxpenfivc filks. 'The manner in which they perform 
 the fcrvicc, rather reminds me of an incantation, 
 than » pmycr offered to the Deity; ni;il they repeat 
 much of it fo incredibly faft, that one ij tempted to 
 fuppofc it iinpnliible the auditory can undcrfland one 
 articulate word the pricft utters, let their attention be 
 ever fo ftrong. 
 
 ♦« In the church of the citadel repofe the body of 
 Peter I, and the fucccdive fovcrrigns fincc bis death j 
 who are ranged in coffers fide by fide, but have not 
 any of them marble monuments ercftcd 10 their memo- 
 ries; nor is there any other motive to induces traveller 
 to enter this church, except the eonfcioufnefs that he 
 4>ehold« the wood which contains the afties of Petrr, and 
 that mingled fentimcntof reverence and pieafure, which 
 4hc mind may experience from the contemplation of it. 
 
 Only one monaich ii excluded, is it unworthy to b« 
 mloniltrd with his progrnilori .ind prrdrcrfl'nri in thi 
 throne of Kuffia. This n the Ijtr unhappy |>eier lll,> 
 who *(lrr his deathj wit i'X(Hifed during (ome diyt in 
 the nionalleiy of St. Alcxindei Nrwfikoi, ifiwinilri 
 our of town, to contince Ihe perplc that he hid not 
 fuliVred any violence, but ended his lite niturally, lie 
 was afterwards privately interred there. " 
 
 'The public building! of difterent kinds ire prndigi- 
 oiiHy iiunieidus in this cily. Some of them are «one, 
 but the larner part are only biick, or wood plailjered. 
 Ihe winter palaces is lompuled of the former matc- 
 rial^, and waseri-ittedby the late 1- mpreli Elicabclht 
 It is very large and very heavy j one would have fup- 
 polid Sir John Vanbuigh Was invoked to lend lii« 
 aid in the plan uf it, lince iiothinK can moieftrikingl^ 
 releiiible his (lyle. It is not yet quite finiflicj, lik« 
 almol* every thing elfe in Rullia. 'I'he fitualion il 
 very lovely, on the banks of the Neva, and in the 
 centre of the town, conii|;uoui to it it a fnial' paljce, 
 built by the preiuit Linpiefs, and called, 'Th' Hcr-> 
 mita»c. When her majitty refidc* in ihii part of the 
 building, (he is in retreat. Thefe aparimcmi art 
 very elegant, and furnilhcd with great tailc. There 
 are two (galleries of paintiiigl, which have been lately 
 pyrchafed at an immenle expcncc in Italy. The crown 
 is perhaps the rielu II ill Eurspc. It it Ihaned like a 
 bonnet, and totally covered with dLimonds. The 
 fcepter is the celebrated one, purcb>iled by Prince 
 Orloff for five hundred tho'ifind rubiei (a coin 
 of the value of about four (hillingi ind fix-pence 
 Knglifh] iuid prefenlcd by him to hit fovereigi\ 
 mi iireft. 
 
 'There are two academic* here, one of arts and iht 
 other of ftiences. 'The prefcnt emprert hat founded 
 the firlf, which will be, when finilhed, a ru(Krbrdi* 
 Kcc : it is furniftied with mallcrt in the different 
 branches of polite letters, and filled with cafls from 
 the moff renouned of Greek and Roman fculpturc; 
 but it do<'s not appear that any eminent eeniufci have 
 arifen, though they have not been witliout ariifts. 
 Nature feeiiis to have confined perfeAion in thele 
 elegant and exquilite productions, to certain climates 
 and people, among whom they fpring fpontancoua 
 for centuries ; and which are only imperfci^ily copied 
 by other nations^ where the feeds are not fo happily 
 dlfpofed, or the organs fo juftly adapted. 
 
 Our modern travellers obl'erve that the Thames i$ 
 not comparable to the Neva, in beauty ; and as the 
 Ifream feii conltantjy out of the L.-ikc Ladoga into 
 the Ciulf of Tiiilaiid, it is always full, clear, and 
 perfe(illy clean. Along its banks is the fined walk 
 in the world. It i* n«t a quay, as veffels never come 
 to this part, but a parade running a mile in length { 
 the buildings on which, are hardly to be exceeded in 
 elegance. It it yet to be continued to double the 
 Ir.'igth. Over the river in the narraweft part is a 
 bridge on pontoons. From this noble river, caaalt 
 are cut to all parts ufthecityi nor rould any fituation 
 be more favourable to the genius of commerce, if the 
 inclemency of the latitude did not keep it frozen up at 
 Icaft five months annually. 
 
 " As this place (fays Mr. Wraxall) is the for- 
 mation of fo few years, it is laid out with great re- 
 gularity i &<:re is not any thini^ that looks odd, and 
 much is ftiil imperfcA and unhnilhed. The build- 
 ings throughout have a very handfome appearance, 
 and arc lil e every thing clfc, on i larger fcale than if 
 to be feen '-Ifewbere. The iircets are moftly paved { 
 but they have a cuOom here of layingin many places 
 a flooring of timber on the grounti. This was more 
 common formerly in Mofcow, where, in the frequent 
 fires they ufcd to have, the ftreet itfelf caught the 
 flames, and the conflagrations became terrible, at the 
 houfes likewife are moftly made of wood even at 
 prcfent." , ^ 
 
 The trade of Peterfburg is much more confiderable 
 than that of any other town in the Ruffian Empire; 
 and would vie in comparifon with many very great 
 marts in ether parts of Europe} but unfortunately 
 
 that 
 
 ■ I"' 
 
i;Ml 
 
 TfcAVELS IN RUSSIA AND SIBERIA. 
 
 nh 
 
 that viK cnmmtrce ii nine-lrntli< of il carried on in 
 furcign buttomi. Ihe Dutch alunr load aniiiully 
 hrre with timber, iron, and all f<iri« ol naval Iturct, 
 4 ureal many lhi|i<, and the Kni;li(h m.my nicitr. 
 
 The cominiKlilie^ Ihcic liatiun • ■ irry Itmii I'ctirl- 
 burg, .ire lar, bew-wax, pilrh, h iii|'. fli«, li.iihi-r, 
 (kini, fiira, put-jDiei, timber, pLink, irun, yjrn, 
 linen, linl-fecd, j<c. and thcU in I'uch <|tiaiili>ie« thai 
 ihc very balance ol trade ln'twci'ii (ii>^at tiritjiii n! 
 RiilTia hat been recli<in'-d at 400,'.'. pounds a jiai 
 Igainit the I'urmcr ; thcaiil"iint <>f the uHt\ ty'tunnicc 
 mav iherctore be calily con>.t. i- 'I'he royW myy 
 of rngland i< almult totally rii|>| n J vlth licmp h^rri 
 i'etcrlburg, great quanlitiei ut iron, and oilier naval 
 ftorei, and all the (hip|iingin Kngland lilfwilr , ami 
 this iiiiportation hai incrcai'ed very mucti liner the 
 Swcdo laid « pruliibition on our niaimraClorirs, l<> 
 that the importation triiin that country wat reduced to 
 the few artftle* wliirh necelTuy obliged ui tn hive 
 from thence i and all the rcll very politically transferred 
 to RulPia. 
 
 The greateft trade at l'eletn)urg i<carrii-d on by the 
 Knglilh i next in rank ornie the Dutch 1 at to tlic 
 French, they deal here ai little a« polUbIc \ fur the 
 two cruwnt arc very far from beinj; on a good footing, 
 the French and the .Swedes luing in clofc alliance, 
 they therefore triii- to Sweden for all ihole commodi- 
 ties whuh F.n|;l iiul git^ (roin Rulfia, lome few ex- 
 cepted, which are nut to be hid at that marlcc 
 Notwitliltanuing this, ihev conlunu l.irpe quantities 
 of French commodiliei in RulPia, hut thd'e come to 
 them principally through thchandtof the Dutch. 
 
 The building this capital h.is had .i very great crtei'l 
 in Improving large tracks of land in the lunoundiiii; 
 province). The corn and other provifions hrnu'^ht 
 hither, and the variety of merchandife exported Irom 
 hence, employ fome of the moil cunfidcrablc inLintl 
 navigations In the world. The Neva, the vn at Lakes 
 of Lagoda and UneK;a ) the Tuerka, the Methi, the 
 Volcovi, and the Wolga, all thcfc rivers, with many 
 others, though fome uT them areatacriat diltancc, 
 keep open a communication between Petcrllnirg ami 
 thofc noble tracks of country upon the C.ifpian and 
 Euxinc Seas : but it may be fuppofcd that the greatclt 
 advantages are made by the people who have nut fuch 
 a diftance to go ; fo that the products of all the nei^'h- 
 bouiing provinces arc infinitely greater than thufe of 
 Others moic diftant. 
 
 Next to Fiterfburg the favourite city of I'ctcr was 
 Azoph, the reafon uf which, was hisdefign of elta- 
 bliihing a trade from thence through the Thracian 
 Bofphorus to the Archipelago. 'I'his would not only 
 have given him greater mercantile advantages than 
 Pcterfburc, but would have endangered the very being 
 of the Turkilk Empire i by letting a naval power 
 of the Ruflians into the very hinrt of Conltantinnple ; 
 and that Peter defigncd fomething more than com- 
 merce, we may eafily gather from his forming dock- 
 yards and naval magazines, at Azoph ; and actually 
 had (hips of feventy guns upon the ftocks, which 
 fufliciently (hewed that he intended a naval war 
 upon the tuxine Sea againft the 7'urks. 
 
 The Ruffian Empire is but badly peopled. The 
 beft writers inform us tbat It contains fevcnteeii 
 millions of inhabitants, and one million in the con- 
 quered provinces} but the piefent Lmprefs has in- 
 creafed the number of her fubjefts many ways, prin- 
 cipally by a general and very ad)ive encouragement of 
 all arts, of agriculture, mining, manufaiflures, and 
 commerce, and this with fuch tSetA, that all of them 
 are more flourifhing at this time by many degrees, 
 than they were twenty years ago. And another means 
 which (he hat taken to increafe her people, has been 
 inviting foreigners ) thi$ (he has done in a (till greater 
 degree than any of her predeceflbrs ; almolt from her 
 acceffion to the empire (he has brought continual 
 bodies of Germans, Poles, and Greeks Uom Turkey, 
 to fettle in her dominions, and thcfc not few in num- 
 ber i from the coaftiof Germany (hip loads, bi4t from 
 Roland and Turkey, whole town>» villages, and 
 
 diOikls, have lift their habitation*, and feiilMl iti 
 Kulhai not h.is 11 licin tmiy ut ceium tnnt^, but 
 regular emi|.',raliun«, in conUi|>iciici ol hir oiKiiiiued 
 (neuura^eiiieni. All ihL ixprnir^ ot Ih )Ouri.' y .ir 
 voyjge ul tholt lotngii'.rs linin ihcir n..iivt inuiiiiy, 
 ;ire iMirne bv her i (h< teiji ami liippiui> ihem ' y (lie 
 wjy. Lpuii their urriv,il ui the ii 1 itury appoinlid 
 llieni Id culiiv..li, (whuh h i« alv ii\> b<eii p.iri .1 tho 
 erown |jnd») e\eiy lainily li;i> .1 Hu't.ii;. eiiillitl <t her 
 '"IH'iite, to wliiih th' y » nihi ;hiit.' Ijh.iui ( th. v then 
 ur. luiiiilhcd Willi implini'iiis nurir.iiv tor lul- 
 iiv ition, and one year's jrovili 'ii tm (he ^^ Imle i.imily, 
 and a lui ther ailvinlaf:" i» un ixunp; 11 ft.>ri II '.\\\.t 
 l(i( tivf yeat^. All whcih IS .1 l> I'.moi Inch ii'niii.i. 
 bl.policf, in. I titled iiiio ..;. suiinii \ th (ji.h iin- 
 uluiil ipiiii, ev. " while the tiii;iiuii 11 ihe eii.piic 
 h.ive been fuih Uiifrelled by iipiiidve v».itH. 'I he 
 toiitinui! dilordcrf in I'l.l.ud, ami the ,i|i;ireheiil> !is 
 III I'Mrkey, have caukd many iluml iiiilt cjt lainilus 
 annually Id ^ .ive then > nintiy, Jii ' make uk- of this 
 buuiity ut the Linpielv So thai the iiumbei ul the 
 new comers u ai prel'ent i^ru'er than ■ ver, and 
 piiimilcs to b'.- fo coiiiMlerihle, lli.it in a tew years, 
 ll the titiublet in I'oland continue, the increaie of 
 people will be immenie, and with ihcni e rtaiiily thit 
 ol tlic pin\er .ind wcj!ih ot the en.pirc. N 1 has any 
 event ot her reijrn dilcoveud a ^i iter uiiderltaiiJiin;, 
 than this reguUr favour (hewn in |>iipiilihiin. 
 
 The revenues of the Kulfian Knipiie.ire vcrv great, 
 conlidcriii^ the value of money. 'I'lic Kin|)ril is in 
 many atiules the lule meich.mt in her djniimons, 
 'I'hc whole trale by land to Chini i'. un her ac nunt j 
 this is not inJi-id eoiifulu .Mi , lui :icir:ivin lanly 
 goes now. Kheub.irh, pot-allie , ;i.ij l|rces, arc 
 br.inebcs in v\'hich the, and nohuily elle, ti<dcs. 
 Salt is .in article that biin;:s her an imiiienl'e revenue. 
 Very large qu.inii tics ol the bed licnipot the Ujsi.iir ur« 
 bought and fold un her account ) much iron ilia 
 lame, ai.d even beer and bi.iiuly are hers, Ijeliilet 
 ihd'e articles, (he has culkms, toll", and .1 pull tax 
 of three (hillings and li\-pencc a head. I'he crown 
 lands which arc prodigicufly cxtcniive, bring in a 
 confulcrable revenue. 
 
 We (hall here prefent our readers with fome circum- 
 ftances lelntive to ihelife and character of Peter the 
 Great, as feleilled from the belt authorities. 
 
 He had the utmoO averiion to rich cloaiht, and liked 
 no drcfs I'o well is his regimentals : he never wort but 
 one fuit of embroidery, and thur only fur a fingle d.iy. 
 It was his cnmniun cutlom in the lummer lime to drive 
 about the ftrects of I'etcrfburj; in a chair with one 
 horfc, attended only by a fiiiglc luldier un horfeback. 
 He has been often lecn in winter, in a common hack- 
 ney fledge J and it has fumetimcs happ'ncd that he had 
 not the value of three-pence to pay the tare ; on which 
 occafions he has not icruplcd to allc the loan of the 
 money of any perfon whom he knew and aciidently 
 met. Yet notwilhftanding thefe fecming improprieties, 
 the fuperiority of his genius, fupported the dignity of 
 a great monarch. 
 
 In the winter fcafon he was ufually at his tribunals 
 and public o(Hces by five in the morning; and thus 
 his perfonal attendance and knowledge n( bufinefs, 
 taught his fubjects their refpective duties, confined 
 them to thofe duties, and advanced the welfare of the 
 (late. 
 
 Peter the Great was not fatisfied without examining 
 to the bottom of things, and therefore, indead of 
 making his people wait on him, he watched them^ 
 l°o that he was but feldom to be found in thu palace. 
 The care of providing public fcafts for the foreign 
 niiniffers was committed to Prince Mcnzikoft', fo that 
 the emperor loll no time in idle ceremonies ; and with 
 regard to his own diet, it was rather coarle than ele- 
 gant. He ufed to eat and drink with all forts of peo- 
 ple, and was often god-father to their children i if hit 
 god-child died, he has ever, moie than once attended 
 their funerals. 
 
 He was very inquifltive about trade, yet he con- 
 fcdird it was what he leaft undorftood ; but his eda- 
 
 bliflinicnt 
 
 
 j 
 
^ 
 
 tRAVELS IM RUSSIA AND SIBERIA. 
 
 frjtl 
 
 r 
 
 bliflimcnt of the commerce in St. Petrrfturg, and 
 brin^lnj; the grealeft part of it from ArchaiiycT; the 
 premiums he offered to thofie whu Ihuiild find out new 
 branches of trade ; his fetting up .niiJ cncuuragiiii; new 
 manufachiries of linen and hemp in his own country ; 
 the great countenance he gave to foreign nurchanls, 
 and many other fuch lilce circumft.inces, .ire certain 
 indications that he underltooJ in many indances, the 
 means of advancing commerce, as well a^ tlie great 
 end of it. 
 
 This prince made even his pU'.ifures and amufc- 
 mentsfubfervient tothe important ends of his govcrn- 
 ment. He had more than once rectived very melan- 
 choly proofs of the impatience of his fubjcils under 
 the reformation which he had planned, and was now 
 accomplifliing i this rendered him extremely fiil'pici- 
 ous of them. As mens hearts are generally moll 
 open In their cups, he often drank with them liberally, 
 fometimcs at court, and oftcner at their own houfes. 
 His manners fecmcd to be rude, in requiring even the 
 ladies, upon certain occafions to fwallow goblets of 
 wine, or other ftronc liquors ; but in this he had his 
 views : drinicing is (till the vice of RutTi t ; but in this 
 they condu''^ thcmfclves with ;.iore decorum than they 
 did formerly. 
 
 He had frequent convulfive diftortions of his head 
 and countenance, contrat'ed by a fright in his youtli, 
 upon nn occafion when his life was in danger ; but in 
 iuch cafes it was always the rule of the company he 
 was in, to look down, or a dificrcnt way, and pur- 
 fur their difcourfL- without fecming to regard him. 
 
 H.- wojI J never lie alone, left any attinipt might 
 lie MijJe on hi^ lite ; wh.Mi he was not with the cm- 
 pre:'<, or o'.hrr companion, he ordered one of his 
 ch.iinb.rlains to Heep with him, which was an un- 
 romfortabif i'lliiuion to them, as he was very angry 
 jf they awjk.d him ; tlio' he ufed to grafp them very 
 h.iril III his flfcp. 
 
 His character, as a mafter of exqulfite art, and 
 aculc ivnigcinent, will iip(>ear from his being able to 
 in'.pirt his pooj-'le with a contempt of that lordid ig- 
 norance which had for many ages reigned through 
 the cduntrv, an.l wliicli he made it his particular care 
 to b.uiifh. He could not bring this aUuit more cfFcc- 
 turilly than by ridiculing the fupcrftilious reverence 
 they entertained for the culfoms of their ancertors ; 
 with tliis view he ordered a number of drelles of 
 the fevcral crficers of the crown and court, as were 
 worn in part ages, and in thefe himfelf, and his vvl\oIe 
 court appeared in.mafquerade ; by wliich means the 
 peoiiie were perCuaded, that at Icalt lliey were as wife 
 as their fontathcrs. 
 
 .Mr. Bell in his travels to Dcrbent, in Perfia, has 
 given us the following "ccount of this great man. 
 
 About the middle of OiSober, 1714, (fays he) I ar- 
 rived at Cronftailt in an Englifli fhip. 'I'he Czar 
 having notice of the (lii|i's arrival, came on board the 
 next moinin;; from St, Peterlhiirg ; being attended 
 only by Ur. Arefltine, who was his chief phyfician at 
 thai time, and on that occ;ifion, ferved him as inter- 
 preter. 
 
 After his mDJifly had enquired news about the Swe- 
 difli fleet, 5ic. he ate a piece of bread and chccfe, and 
 tlrank a glal's of ale, then went on fhore 10 vilit the 
 Works carrying on at Cronltadt, and nturned the fame 
 evenin^; in hi.s boat to St. Peterlbuigh ; dillancc about 
 twenty Englifli miles. 
 
 The firft winter after my arrival at St. Petcrfburg, 
 I lodged at Mr. Noy's, an Englifli' fhip builder in the 
 C/.ar's fervice. One morning before day-light, my 
 fervant came and toUl me thai the Czar was at the 
 door. 1 got up, ..nd law him walking up and down 
 the yard, the weallur being fcverely cold and frofly, 
 without any one tJ attend him. Mr. Noy foon tame, 
 and ux.k him into ihe parlour, where his majefty gave 
 him fome particular direftions about a Ihip on the 
 H.H-k.s, which having done, he left him. 
 
 His majelly's piifon was graceful, tall, and well 
 made, clean, and very plain in his apparel. He ge- 
 nerally wore an tnglilli drab-colour (rotk» never ap- 
 
 j praring in adrefs fuit of cloathf, unlefs on great fifti- 
 vals,- and remarkable holidays ; on which occafioiis 
 he was fometimcs drefled iu laced cloaths, of which 
 fort he was not owner of above thice or four fwts. 
 When he was drcflld he wore the order of St. An- 
 drew i at other limes he had no badge or n;ark of juy 
 order on his pcrlbn. His equipage wasfimple, with- 
 out attendants. In funimer, a foiir-oared wliury was 
 alwavs attending, to carry him over the liier, it he 
 Ihould want to crofs it, which he fuquenlly did. 
 When he went about the town by land, he always 
 made ufcofanopcn two-wheeled chai(>', jtleuJid by 
 two foldiers or grooms, who rude before, and a page, 
 who foiiietimcs Hood behind the chaife, and cfltn liix 
 with his ni.ijefly and drove him. In winter he made 
 ufe of a (ledge, drawn by one horle, willi the fame at- 
 tendants. He found theli: to be the oiuft expiditioui 
 ways of conveyance, and ufed no other. He was a- 
 broad every day in the year, unlefs confined at home 
 by illncfs, which rarely happened ; fo that feldom •' 
 il ly pafled but he was fecn in alniuil every part of (be 
 city. 
 
 1 have, (fays the author) more than orce feen him 
 (lop in the (Ireets to receive petitions from perfou* 
 «ho thought thcmfclves wronged by (Vntcnccs pnflld ia 
 courts of judicature. On taking the petition, the 
 perfon was told to come the next day to the lenatc, 
 where the atFair was immediately (xamined, and de- 
 termined, if the nature of it would admit its beijig 
 done in lb fliort a time. 
 
 He role almoll every morning in the « inter time be- 
 fore four o'clock, was often in the cabinet by thite, 
 where two pri\ate fecretaries, and certain cbiks (wij 
 conflant attendance. He often went (0 eaily to thel'c- 
 nate, as to oecafion the fi?nators being raifedoutof 
 thei' beds to attend him there. When alTembled, 
 after hearing caufes between fubjcil and ("ubjedl, 01 
 public affairs, regarding the interior of the em- 
 pire, re.idbythe (ecretary, and the opinion of the 
 i'enate recited theieupnn, he would write upon th« 
 procefs, or u|)on the affair under deliberation, with 
 his own hand, in a very laconic ilylc, Let it be accord- 
 ing to the decree of the fcnate ; and fometimes would 
 add fome particular alterations, fuch as he thought lit 
 to mention, and wretc Peter under it. 
 
 -His majelty knew fo li(tle of relaxation of mind 
 when awake, that he never allowed his time of reft to 
 bebroke in upcn, unlefs in cafe of (ire. When any 
 accident of that kind happened, in any part of the 
 town, there was a (landing order on its liiil appear- 
 ance to awake him ; and his majeflv was frequently 
 the (ir(l at the (ire, where he always remained giving 
 the nccelTary orders, till all further danger was over. 
 This example of paternal regard of the Cz.ir for hii 
 fubjedls was, of courfc, follow cd by all the great of. 
 (icers, and tliolc of the firtl quality, vvhicii was (ic- 
 quently the means of faving many thoul'ands of bis 
 fubjeils from utter ruin, whole hoiilis and goods, 
 without fuch Angular ailillance, inuit have fliarcJ the 
 fate of their ruined neighbours. 
 
 In aifls of religion he appeared dcv ut, but not fu- 
 pcrftiiious. I have feen bim at his public devotion* 
 in church many times. I have been pieUnt w hen his 
 majidy, not liking the clerk's manner of reading the 
 pfalni', hath taken the book from the clerk, and hath 
 lead tliem himfelf I which he did veiy dillinctly, nnJ 
 wiili proper enipliafis. His niajcfly was allowed by 
 the bed jmlgcs of the Sclavonian and Rudian lan- 
 guages, to be as great a mafltr of them as any of the 
 mofl learned of his fubjccts, whether rhurchnun 
 or laics. He wrote a very good han.l, very cxpit'i- 
 tioudy, yet the charaifUis dillinit cnojjgb. As to the 
 ftyjf, fome of his fecretaries, and other complete 
 judges of the language a(firnud, that th'-y had never 
 known any man who wrote more correilly than he, or 
 could compril'e the fcnfc and meaning of what he 
 wrote in fo few words, as his majefty. 
 
 The following I had from a certain Ru/Tian gentle, 
 man of very good family, and who was a general of- 
 ficer of unexcrpiionable charaflcr, in ilig army, who. 
 
 rittcnd«4l 
 
t768] 
 
 TRAVELS IN RUSSIA AND SIBERIA; 
 
 I 
 
 tmdcd hismajefty from his very youth, in all his ex- 
 peditions. This officer being an oldl'iieiid uf mine, 
 1 went to |>;iy him ii vilit one tveniny, long alter the 
 death of Peter the Gre.it, when he told me that lueh 
 tand Inch officers, niimin;; themy had liinej with him 
 thut day, and that the principal luhjedt of their con- 
 verlhtion turned on the actions of their old father (as 
 he termed him by way of eminence) I'etcr the Great. 
 He told me further, that ihoui^h his majelty fecnicd to 
 be fevere on certain nccafions, yet not onf of them all 
 tould produce or rccciikiit one finj'le inllantc of his 
 hiving puiiiflKd an horn (I man, or that hehad caufed 
 any perlbn to fuller any punilhment, who had not 
 well ileferved it. 
 
 He hath been rcprefented as making too frequent 
 ufe of fpirituous liquors to c;:i;els, which is an un- 
 merited afpeiliori ; for he had an averliin to all forts, 
 and to thole too much giien lodrinking. It is true, 
 he had his times of diverfion, when he would be merry 
 hinifelf, and lik d to fee others lo ; this may have 
 been necell'ary, and proper for the unbending his mind 
 from affairs of gre.it weight j but fuch amufemcnts 
 occurred generally duiing holidays, and fefiival times, 
 and was w'th him, at no time of long continuance. 
 It hath been imputed to him, and not without fomc 
 appearance of iiafon, that he had political views in e:i- 
 couraginjj ilriiiisiiij at ihufe times of merriment, for 
 on thefe occafions, he mixed with the company, and, 
 converfing with them on the footing of a companion, 
 had better oppormnities, at fuch times, of difcover- 
 ing the real frntinientsof tliofe about him, than when 
 they were quite cool. 
 
 li^hole, tt ho by their offices about the perfon of Pe- 
 ter the tjrcat, might be fuppoled to be the bell ac- 
 quainted wiih his difpofuion, always difavowed his 
 »lrini;inij, to accefs i and iiililled on his being a Ibbcr 
 prince. 
 
 During the campaian of the expedition to Derbcnt, 
 in Pwrlia, he was not"p;iiilty of tlie lealt excels, but 
 rather lived abftemiouily. In this point 1 could not 
 be miftaken, as the tent of Dr. lilumenlroft, his 
 majclly's chief plivficiaii, with whom i lodged, was 
 always the neareft lent to that of his niajelty. One 
 inftance occurs in prof of the tempe;;.nce of this 
 great maUj viz. in our third day's march, on 
 our return from Derbent, when we were kept in 
 continual alarms by cciiUderable bodies of moun- 
 taineers, both horle and foot, whom we faw ho- 
 vering on the tops of the ailjacmt hills, though they 
 ilutll not conieilortii to i'.c plain, to attack any part 
 of our army, yet it «as n.cell'ary to be watchful of 
 tlijiii, wfiith ill lO'iie nualurc impeded our march. 
 'I hCLieninj; ot ihit dav, we had a hollow way to pafs, 
 which took up much time, and obliged the gieittft 
 part of the army to remain there all night ; fo that 
 none reached the camp, except the guards, and 
 fome light horfe who attended his nujetly. On 
 mv arrival there, about midnight, I found only his 
 majelly's tent fet up, and another linall one for Mr. 
 Felton, the Czar's principal cook, and mailer of 
 his kitchen. 
 
 I went into Felton's tent, and found him all alone, 
 with a large faucepan of warm grout before him, made 
 of buck-wheat, with butter ; which he told me was 
 the remains of his majelly's fuppcr, whoatcof no- 
 thing clfe that evening, and whowasjuft gone to 
 bed. 
 
 During the whole courfe of his life, his majefty 
 avoided all foitsof ceremony, except on public oc- 
 cafions. His manner of living in his houfc, was 
 more like that of a private gentleman than of fo great 
 a monarch. I was once at court on a holiday, when 
 the emperor came home from church to dinner, with a 
 large attendance of his minifters, general officers, and 
 other great men. 
 
 His table w.'s laid with about 15 covers. As foon 
 as dinner was f.rvi d up, he and the cmprefs took their 
 places; and his majelty addrcffing hinifelf to the 
 company, faid, " Cjentlomtn, pleale to take your 
 places as far as thi tabic will hold, the tdl will ro 
 Vol. I. No. 48. 
 
 home and dine with their wives." On fuch occafions; 
 ihepiincefllsj hiscluldren, dined in another room, 
 to whom he lent fuch diihes from his own table, as 
 he thought proper for their dinner. 
 
 Thisgp'at Miuniiicli took all the pains, and ufed :iU 
 means poffiblc, in order to be intimately acqiiaintei* 
 with every tiling prupii for a man, who nil d ii. 
 m'ghlv empire to know, lleeiucrci into the detail of 
 every blanch ot ait- nfrfiil to mankind ; into th.itot 
 the maiiulachiries vvhiili rr^nrd the coid'niciion of 
 Ihips, and fittiii;^ them for the ka; into tdal of the 
 making of aims, artillery, &c. 
 
 If he had a ruliiii; paflioii for any part of thefe ac- 
 quirements, it mulf have been for lliip-b'iilJiM.', intn 
 which heentetcd himftif very eurlv, in the quality of 
 a common workman, with his hatchet, and proceeded 
 regularly through all the degrees, to the rank of maf- 
 tcr-builder, which he attained but a few years before 
 his death. 
 
 After he got that length in the art, he maue the 
 draughts, formed the mouldings, and diucted the 
 building of fevcral men of war, of the fecond and 
 third rates, himfclf ; and he duly demanded and re- 
 ceived his falary as a maifer-buiUler. The day of 
 launching the Ihips, which he liiml'elf built, he cc- 
 librated as a holiday, and put on laced cloaths, but 
 before he went to work, to (hike away ilanchions, 
 blocks, &c. he always put oft' his tine coat. 
 
 He was very frugal in what regarded his pcrfonal 
 exoences, and tbofe of his hool'eholil. Nctwith- 
 rtandiiig hisfiugaliiy in what rclatid to hinltlf, he 
 fpared no cotf, in whateve' concerned the pub'.ic, in 
 the fltuclure of the men of war, in the ariilUry,. 
 fortifications, arfenals, canals, &c. all whiih boro 
 marks of very great mngniricence. ^^or has he fparcJ 
 in his buildings, and the decoration of his gardens 
 with ftatucs, grottos, fountains, &c. of which the 
 buildings of the fummcr p.'.lace, and the gardens of 
 St. Petcrlburgh, at PeterthotF, .Stre.ilna, Czarfky, 
 Scalo, and ni..ny others, are I'ufficient proofs. 
 
 As his majelty was always very early up in the 
 morning, he went abroad geneially without breakfaft, 
 came home to dinner about eleven o'clock ; alter 
 dinner went to flecp for about an hour ; after which, 
 if bufinefs did not intervene, he lomctimcs diverted 
 himfelf at his turning loom ; then went tovifittl.ofc 
 he had a regard for, as well foreigners as Ruffians, 
 with whom he would be very fociable, and cafy in 
 converfation. He Ibmetimes fuppcd with them, 
 which generally in his latter days, was on hare or 
 wild-fowl, ro.ifted very dry, he drank fmall-bcer, 
 and fomctiines a few glafles of wine, .".nd generally 
 was in bed before ten o'clock at night. He 
 neither plaid at cards, dice, or any other game of 
 chance. 
 
 This great monarch was at no time, even during 
 mafqucnides, feaftings, aftemblies, or any other di- 
 verfions or amufemcnts, by day or night, withoutthe 
 attendance of I'ome or other of his minifters, and 
 of thofc who poflefled his confidence ; by which 
 means bufinefs, and fuch affairs as were of the 
 grcalcll cunlcqucnce, went on regularly ; and fome 
 of them were even concerted during thofe times of 
 relaxation. 
 
 Notwithftanding thefe elogiums, there have been 
 thofe who have pointed out many defefls in the cha- 
 racter of this great man. They have faid that he wa» 
 given to intrigues with women, and that he was of a 
 cruel vindictive temper. As to the firft circumftance, 
 feveral private anecdotes have been brought forward 
 in proof it. And as to the fecond charge, it has been 
 thought fufficicnt to obfcrvc, that he put to death hjA 
 own ion, though many rcafons have been offered, on 
 (he other hand in fupport of the policy and ji^ice of 
 the fentencc. In cffeiil, we arc not to expert princes 
 to be perlcCl charadlers, and m-ch Icfs are we to ex' 
 peCt to find fuch perfeClion in the theabfolute mo» 
 narch of a rude and barbarous people. 
 
 We cannot help taking notice here, that his amour- 
 
 ous difpofiiion, which It certain times would not 
 
 ;■ I' adnitt 
 
^66 
 
 TRAVELS IN RUSSIA AND SIBERIA. 
 
 fi76| 
 
 admit of the controul of political confiderations, led 
 him to the moft fortunate a£lion of his life, when it 
 bccafloned him to advance an obfcure Livonian to be 
 thcpartnerof his throne. When this prince ami his ar- 
 my were furrounded by the Turks at a critical period,' 
 and Taw no hopes of efcaping their hands, in fpite of 
 his orders' to be left alone, the Emprefs entered his 
 tent, and propofed to him the only means of deliver- 
 ance, which was to bribe the Grand Vifir, who hav- 
 ing excepted the propofal, after fettling terms with 
 the Czar, drew off his troops v— — and thus did his 
 Confort prefervc him from impending deftruition.—— 
 But to return to our traveller, he thus continues 
 his recital. " As I advanced on my journey (fays 
 he) I every where made cnq^iiries after liew fettle- 
 ment.s on the lands belonging to the emprefs ; but 
 heard nothing of them till 1 got to Twera : there they 
 told me, that in the foicft of Volkouflcile, about an 
 hundred miles to the South Weft, was a very large 
 new colony of poles, fettled at the expence of the 
 Czarina. I immediately determined to go out of my 
 way ") view it, thai I might have an opportunity to 
 fee in ih.it u inner they were fixed, and -a hat a re- 
 ception thiy mtt wiiS. I got there the l6th, pafs- 
 ing thi'.iiijh a country, the chief of which is wafte, 
 beii., citlijr foreit or meadow, but with few villages. 
 I foun 1 the fettlcment of Poles confifted of about Ooo 
 families ; and plearcd mc better than any thing I had 
 feen in Ruflia. Kach family has a finall, but not 
 a bad houfe, built of wood, and covered with (hin- 
 gles J a houle as [;ood or better than the gcncraliiy of 
 imall farm houfes in England, where mud walls 
 would give foreigners an idea that we were the pooreft 
 nation in Europe. Behind every houfc was an inclo- 
 fure of about 50 Englifli acres in one field. The 
 fence was a ditch and parapet with a row of young 
 plants for a hedge, that fecnied to be a kind of elm. 
 Each inclolurc came down to a rivulet, where cattle 
 might water. Each family had t«o Iheep and a ram 
 to a certain number, a cow and a couple of oxen to 
 till the arabic, with a cart and a plougli ; all which 
 \vas at the em prclTcs's expence, and do not coft what 
 they do in England. This may be conceived, when 
 I give the rates. Two oxen for ploughing and cart- 
 ing come to about five pounds ; a cow to thirty fliil- 
 lings ; a (hcep eighteen pence ; a plough four fhillingSr 
 a cart nine {hillings, each houfc coft the emprefs about 
 twenty-four fliillings, and every family had an allow- 
 ance of provifion the firll year from the ncighbsuring 
 county, which coft her nothing ; fo that the total ex- 
 pence, per family, wasonly eiirht pounds ten fliillings; 
 and many of the families conlifts of eight or nine pcr- 
 fons. The farms were all under culture, andfubdived 
 by the people themfclves : and I obfcrved that thefe in- 
 ner fences were done exadly in the fame manner as the 
 furroundingones. Some had four fit^lds, others five, and 
 fome fix. The land, wlicn they fettled it, was wafte fo- 
 reft, butnot many trees on it, that yielded a wild and 
 luxuriant grafs ; it is a red loom or clay. The peafants 
 culuvate wheat without exception, which they had 
 been ufed to in Pohnd ; each had one field of it ; alfo a 
 crop of barley, oats, rice ; with a piece of beans, 
 and another of turneps. Their farms were in general 
 in good order, and they feemcd to be extt-emely dili- 
 
 Snt and induftrious in their management. Some of 
 em had vaftly encreafcd on the adjoining forcft : 
 fome had more than twenty flieep, ten cows, and fix 
 oxen ; but they had greatVy increafed their farms, 
 which the emprefs allows, provided the former por- 
 tion is ail in culture. They all fccmed to be perfectly 
 happy, being entirely free from all oppreflion by being 
 the lands of the crown : and there is no doubt but 
 they will in time yield a fine revenue, without any fc- 
 vcrity being employed. 
 
 " Some ofthem had pieces of hemp, which thrives 
 with them fo well, that its culture incrcafes among 
 them daily. I enquired particulary into the value of 
 an acre, and found that it was worth upon the fpot 
 from fifty ftiillings to four pounds, which I think is 
 very confidcrablc, und (hew* that tMv new colonies 
 6 
 
 may prove a fouree of very great wealth and popiila- 
 tidn. 
 
 «' It is extremely evident from this inftance, that 
 the way of bringing improvements to bear in Rufha, 
 is not by encouragements given to the peafants, unleft 
 they could at once be fet as free as in other countries, 
 which I am convinced already is an impoflibilily, from 
 what I have (een on this journey j becaufe the nobi- 
 lity and other land-owners, to whom iht y arc valiiils, 
 (fceee and opprcfs them 10 fuch a degree, that they can 
 never be fecure of arty property, iinlefs their encou- 
 ragement conies from their own lords. Even they 
 who are not vaffals,' but have pollcffions of their own, 
 are trampled on by the foUlicry. No improvements, 
 by giving them a greater degree of liberty, can have 
 any effedf, unlefs it comes from their lords ; .is in th's 
 cafe of tlie PoliOi emigrants. The emprefs fixing 
 them upon the crown lands, they are valVals of tli« 
 crown, and all the liberty flic chules to give them they 
 will fecurcly enjoy without any one's il.iiing to in- 
 jure them in any rcfpeiS ; and as the (ovcieigii can ne- 
 ver profitably cultivate an extenfive doni.iiii lor her 
 own account, this is the only me.ins of working im- 
 provements ; and they cannot fail of proving an.,*l 
 higly profitable, 
 
 " Theft; crown lands are fo amarlngl/ extcnfive,' 
 that very great things might in thi-; ni:iiiner be done,' 
 and far more efteiilually than bviteiieral laws, in a 
 country where the people are fo habituated to (lavery, 
 that it would be a vain attempt to free them under 
 all mafters. Thefe 600 families had at once 30,000 
 acres in culture, befidcs the incrcafc, which by nianf 
 of them was very confiderahle ; all which will,, in' 
 procefs of time, yield a great revenue to the crown,- 
 bcfides the acquihtion of ftrength which the empira 
 receives by the addition of population, and the amount 
 of fo much induftry as ;ill thefe people create. After 
 five years this colony is to pay an annual tent, which 
 in ten more will he increaleil, and after that remains 
 a freehold to the Poles, fu! j. cl onlv to that rint. 
 
 This colony of Poles have a iiiarket in the mid- 
 dle of their fetllcmcnt on the great ro.it), where thi 
 merchants rcfoit to buy their fparc produiSs, hemp, 
 &c. bringing all tliofe lorts ot coninuditics whicli 
 they want; and this trade occafruns a circulation 
 among them, which is highly advantageous. The 
 report of the indulgence and benefit they have met 
 with has had great efFe<a: in Poland : fo that they 
 pointed out to mc a track of land contiguous, wheri 
 they foon expe£)cd 200 families more. 
 
 " I arrived at Mofcow on the 20th, paflincr through 
 a very fine variagated country, well \v:U(reJ and 
 wooded, and fprcad in fine pla ns, with many villages, 
 fcattered through them ; and uiurh appearanre of cul- 
 tivation : all this country is in the h ndr, of three o* 
 four nobles, whole ftcwards dircift the management 
 of it. 
 
 This city is the greatcft in the empire ; it was 
 once ftrongly fortified for this part of the world, but 
 the fecitrity of the prefent times h.is made every thinj 
 unneccllary except a wall : it is about fixtccn miles i'l 
 circumference, and contains about half a million of 
 inhabitants, till lately the Czars fpent a part of the 
 year here j but the palace, which is a very indifii rent 
 one, having been damaged b) (ire, they have not cf 
 late years been there ; but iiotwithllaiuling, this,- 
 Mofcow is the rcfidence of a vaft nunib.r of the no- 
 bility, indeed of three fourths of thole whofe offices or 
 expectations do not oblige them to attend the courf, 
 in which inftance there is a greater appearance of li.* 
 berty than in molt other countries,- for in general, all 
 the nobility of a kingdom, flock to the feat of govern-' 
 niont. 
 
 " This city is very irregulaily built, but it ia 
 a beautiful citv ; from the windings of the ri-* 
 ver, and from many eminences which arc co- 
 vered with groves of fine tall trees, and front 
 numerous gardens and lawns, which open to the 
 water, give it a moft delightful airy a|>pearancc. I 
 iSlott to lac AOtbinj^ but wooden buul'cs, but waa 
 
 agieeably 
 
 expec 
 
^7681 
 
 TRAVELS IN RUSSIA AND SIBERIA. 
 
 is? 
 
 tgresably furprifed at the fight of many very fine 
 febricks of brick and ftone. It is beyond comparifon 
 a filler city than Petcrlburg. The number of churches 
 and chaples, amounting it Is faid to 1800, make a 
 great figure in the printed defcription.of this city ; but 
 from the appearance of them I IhouM luppofc the h& 
 falfe, and that out of great numbers very few are 
 worthy of notice. I faw the great bell, which is the 
 largeli in the world, and indeed a moll ftupendous 
 thing it is. They have many other bells in this city, 
 which much exceed any thing that is to be met with 
 elfewhere ; the Ruffians being remarkably fond of this 
 heavy ornament of their churches. 
 
 " There is a very confiderable manuf;i<3urc at 
 Mofcow, of various hemp fabricks, particul:irly fail 
 cloth and fliccting, which employs ibme thoufands of 
 looms, and many thoufands of people : the hemp is 
 mod of it brought from the Ukraine; there arc alfo 
 grent nunibcrj of confiderable merchants here; who 
 carry on a very i-xtenfive comnnrce with all pirts 01 
 the Empire i for there is water carria;;e from licnccto 
 the Black and C.ifpian Seas, and with but fe.v inter- 
 ruptions to the Kaliic alfo, >.hich are clrcuinltaficcs 
 that make it the centre (.f a very irrcat commerce. 
 
 " Our authT" fays, Mofcow is much better fituatcJ 
 for the metropolis of the empire than Peterlburg ; 
 itisalmoft i.i ilie centre of the mort cultivated pit".! 
 it, communli.itiiij^ in the manner abovi me. iiionid, 
 wi'.h tliciliree itil.ind fca , nut at a gieatilHIancj tijm 
 the moll important provinrc of the rmpiie, the 
 Ukrr\ine, open 10 th" fou.h' 'h territorl"' on :hc Black 
 Sea, and hv the means of the rivers Wolga and the 
 Don commandin;^ an inl.ind navigation of a prodls;!- 
 eus extent. Its vicinity alfo tv the countries, which 
 mullaUvayw b,' the feat of any wars vrith the 'rurk>, 
 the cncniic- 1111)0 to be attended to of all tliofe with 
 *ho!Ti the Ruffiins made war ; upon the whole 
 made it iiiiiiiitily a better fituatlon for the feat of 
 governmei.t, than that of Peterfburgh, which is at the 
 *ery cxircinlty ol vlie cii.pirc. 
 
 " Tlie 23a, (continues he) I left that city, taking 
 
 the road toujids the Ukraine. 1 was fortunate in 
 
 Having very tine clear weather, and found the roads 
 «!very where exceedingly good, no autumnal rains 
 having yet fallen, I got that night to Molafky, the 
 diflance about fixty miles, nor did I find fuch a day's 
 journey too mJch for the horfes, the country all this 
 way is .1 level plain, very fertile, and much of It 
 well cultivated," with many villages, and in general, 
 a well priipled territory; the pcafants fccmed tolerably 
 <afy, but fcarce any of them have any property. 
 From Mdlafkv, fifty-fix miles carried me the next 
 day to Arcroify, a fmall town fituated in a territory 
 fiot fo well p('opled as the preceding; the villages 
 thinner, and but little of the foil cultivated, being 
 covered with much timber of great fize and beauty. 
 f>n the 25th, 1 reached Demetriovitz, at the diftancc 
 of more th.in fifty miles, every ftep of which, was 
 acrofs a forelt In which 1 faw not the leaft veftlge of 
 any habitation; the road was not difficult to find, even 
 if I had not had a guide, b'ut it is not much fre- 
 i]ue!if. d ; the m'Tcantile people making that part of 
 the journey to the Ukraine by water. 
 
 " This ir-.mf nfc track of wild country, is patt open 
 jneadow and part timber, which ivould in England he 
 thought a g! ilmis fight : the foil is all a fine fand, 
 and, if 1 m \ ludge from the fpontaneous vitatlon, a 
 moft fertile loom; fo that nothing is wanting but an 
 (nduih lous |H-.|iu!ation ; but without that, the whole 
 territory is of' little worth. I birited the horfts in the 
 miiiJle of tl": lorcft, and refrcfhcd myfeff and com- 
 pany , mucii :\;!iniring the uncommon exrerrt of coun- 
 try that V a , ■..irhout the leail appearance of being in^ 
 habited : I apprehended that the country mud have 
 B great refenlilance of the boundlefs plains and woods 
 of Lo^.ifian :. 
 
 " The ;ith I rode forty mites through an uninha- 
 bited plain, to Serenfky ; no timber in It, but all one 
 level fertile meadow. 1 faw fome herds of cattle feed- 
 ing »s if wild, but the land wM not a tenth part 
 
 ftockcd ; for the graft, if we turned out of the road, 
 was up almoft to the bellies of the horfes. 
 
 " The 2gth, I got to StaradotF, at the diftance of 
 50 miles, full twenty of which are through a rich 
 and plearant country, much of it very well cultivated 5 
 they were getting in part of their harvelt ; they culti- 
 vate all the grain and pulfe common in England ; and 
 from what 1 law, I have little doubt but their huiban- 
 dry IS extremely good." 
 
 From Staradoff to Czernicheu is 75 miles. Part 
 of the track Is as well cultiv tted as that on the other 
 hdeof ytarndoff, but much of it is covered with the 
 foreft. Czernicheu is a very well buiit town, finely 
 fituated on the banks of the river Oefna, which is 
 navigable for barges of jo tons, is very well fnrtlfied, 
 and inhabited by about 15,000 people, many of 
 whom carry on a confidcr.ble trade with Kiovin, and 
 by the Nieper, with Poland. All the track of coun- 
 try, which lies upon the riv^r Dr(na, is very rich 
 ;Mid well cultivated. M.iny of the inhabitants of 
 Czernichcu are Coflack Tartars ; but a traveller has 
 no more reafon to fear them, than the inhabitants of 
 ;-ny other part of Ruffia, for the government, although 
 .adder in the Ukraine, and the nei-l,boiirln.r nro- 
 vince.-, from having heen conquered fnm P.lar.i, is 
 yet the fame, and the police as dria as any ynt of 
 the empire. 
 
 Kiovia Is the capital of the Ukraine, and eighty 
 miles from Gzcrnicheu. The road leads on the banks 
 ot the Dcfna, through a beautiful country, great part 
 of It being well peopled andcultivated. It is inh.ibitcd 
 by I artarian dcfcendants ; but the picfent Coflacks, 
 who have very little idea of hufbandry, come far 
 from the callvvard, from countries that reach the river 
 Don, at the diftance of above 1000 miles from hence. 
 7 he prefent race of the Ukraine area civilized peo- 
 ple, and the bed hufbandmen in the Ruflians em- 
 pire. 
 
 Kiova is a place well known in the empire ; for 
 though It has been fiibjeifl to many revolutions, whItU 
 reduced it to a low ftatc, compared with its former 
 grandeur; yet it has now recovered all thofe ancient 
 blows ; It IS well built of brick and ftone ; the (Irects 
 are wide and ftrait, and well paved ; It has a very 
 noble cathedn-il, much of it lately rebuilt, and eleven 
 other churches. It has 40.000 inhabitants, and is 
 ftrongly tortified. The Nieper is here a noble river ; 
 and Icveral larger rivers falling into it, after waihin-- 
 fome of the richeft provinces of Poland, enable this 
 town to carry on a very confiderable commerce. It 
 IS the grand magazine of all the commodities of the 
 Ukraine, particularly hemp and flax, which in this 
 fine province are ralfed in greater quantities, and of i 
 better quality, than in any other part of Europe. 
 1 he Ukraine is the richeft province in the Ruffian 
 empire. Part of if formerly was a province of Po- 
 land, and the reft an independent fovercignty, under 
 a Tartaran prince ; but the whole is iiow°» mere pro- 
 vinccof Ruffia, and much the richeft aequlfition that 
 crown has made. It is upon an avcia-o 250 mile* 
 long eaft to weft, and 140 broad from north to 
 fouth. 
 
 The grounds aremoftof them incJofed with ditches^ 
 to fome of which arc hedges, but not to all. They 
 have fine meadow grounds, which they convert to 
 hemp, but leave them under grafs for ten or twelve 
 years before they break them up ; and keep them in a 
 tillage management as long: upon fome grounds they 
 have three crops of hemp running. 
 
 Fl:ix they alfo cultivate, but they do not reckon it 
 fo profitable as hemp. In the management of their 
 cattle they are very good farmers : they have larga 
 docks, and they houfe them all whenever thefnow is 
 above four inches deep upon the ground} they litter 
 them down well with draw, and feed them with hay 
 or turnips ; cows are their principal Aock, and thry 
 fell immenfe quantities of outter and cheefe ; tho' it is 
 extremely remarkable, that not many years ago, they 
 knew not what butter was. The property of all thi's 
 country is very much divided } here are very few great 
 
 (dues 
 
 y 
 
56S 
 
 TRAVELS IN RUSStA A St) SIBERIA. 
 
 t'iti 
 
 ellatrsbt-loltging to the nubility ; the olJ inhabitants 
 of the iiiiinti y aro vtry free, ajul have a great equality 
 arnon:; thtiii ; and tins in |)oliiHioiij as well as other 
 ».iicumttanei.s J aiul forfumti-ly this continues, though 
 in fubjoit (in to Riiffia. Molf of the peal.mts an lit- 
 tle farmers, whole f.irrr.s iire Jl tlicir ovvli. They 
 piv a conliJerihle tribute, but raifc it among them- 
 iilvcs accorilinj; to their own culloms ; and they 
 iillc'furnilh theUudian arniits wiUi a great many very 
 fiiiliilul tK'Diis. Tlufe [Hiints, with the iniinenle 
 value of Ir.ulo the Rulliani e.ury on by the nicjiis of 
 th'ir proilucfs, hoii,) an:l llix in particular, render 
 the prnvinee of the hrit im|iott.ince. 
 
 Uiid.1 i< a liiilc town, or rathir a village, prettily 
 fituateU between two rivers in a coun(ry very plea- 
 fanr. 
 
 To the north -weft is Kordync. Tobacco grows 
 in tlie neighbourir.i; country j and the Tartars upon 
 the Black Sea, and the Kalmucks, buy large ijiian- 
 titic';, and tlity are not fo nice in the feparatiun of the 
 ibrtf, at the American planter.-. They have large 
 houle«, hi.;iily run up for Jiyin;^ it. They think tlie 
 land cannot be too rich for eiilier hcir.p or tobacco, 
 anil accordingly pl.mt tnem on frelh land, 
 
 C.rlr -ine li. v\ ho fuays this vaft empire may be 
 raii!i:d anioiijr thole wife ufur[Kri whofe policy leads 
 them by cnaiitin ;; ",ood laws to obliterate from the 
 iiiemory of thiir lubjeots, the indiretlt means by which 
 thry arrived at that power they feem difpoltd to tx- 
 trcil'e foi the j;ood of th-ir people. 
 
 When Peter III. had, by his attempts at reforrr.n- 
 tion, gained the ill will of n. oil of the orders of the 
 flate, all Kurnjie with alliiiifiiment beheld a wom'an 
 fvi/.e on the foverei^>n power. Surprilcd with the 
 news of an infurrcdlioii, which he whom it concern- 
 ed the mod, was the laft apprifej of, he hflilened 
 from his country feat to the lea fide, called Unenabe- 
 ium to take rclu;;? in the foitrefs of CronftaJt, where 
 he was refufe.l aJmiitancc, and fome guns which 
 were not charged, being pointed at his bo.it, ilruck 
 with a panic, he bore off, and after fome friendly 
 overtures funvndcred himfelf at difcretion. Everyone 
 knows he died in prifoM, and all may guefs of what 
 dilorJcr ; though his ileath was attributed to a natu- 
 ral dillempcr, and his body was expofed to public 
 view for foiiie time by commaml of the eniprefs. 
 
 Mr. Wr.'.xall gives usa ftiortdefcription of the per- 
 fon of this princti'";, which we fliall prelent the rea- 
 der in his own words, •ogctlier with fome remarks 
 of his on hir palace at Pcttrfhoff. 
 
 *' As we arrived, eaily, I had an opportunity of 
 viewing the gardens before her maj.flv's appearance. 
 They arc very extrnfivc, lying along the fhore of ihc 
 Gulf of Finland, and watlied by its waters. In the 
 midll of them Ihmds the palace itfelf, fituatc on an 
 eminence, ar.d commanJiiiga fine view, it was begun 
 by Peter the I. but has been enlarged and improved 
 hv the inipreflef, his fucccffors, fo that it is become 
 novf very large. In th: front is a canal of fdnieriun- 
 drctl yards in length, whiih joins the Gulf,/ and 
 from which three /m ,/ enu are filled, whitb do not 
 like thole if V'trljilk*, only play on great fciHvals, 
 'but conftantly through the \car. The apartments 
 are all very fplendid ; but' my attention was chiefly 
 engrodkl by the drawing ri>oin, where hung five 
 matchl'jfa portraits of the foveriigns of Ruffia. They 
 are all length pieces, but by what malKrs I cannot 
 fay. Pcttr himfelf is tli.- firl>, and oppofite to him 
 appears the Livonian villages, v%honi.he railed from 
 a lOttaLC to the moft unbouiiiied fovereig:i;y. I ftood 
 for fome moments under this painting in filcnt ad- 
 miration of the woman, who had paffed from fo hum- 
 ble a fitualion to an imperial fliadeni, of which her 
 genius, Iter fidelity, and l'.:'r virtue made her worthy. 
 She is drawn by the painfr as in middle lilej her 
 eyes and hair black, her countenance open, fniiling 
 anti ingratiating, ;;nd her perfoii not (.xeeedlng the 
 middle f\/'\ The empnfs Amu ftiid t!;zah':tli fill 
 their refpfctive places in this apartimnt, but did not 
 long detain me from a portrait of the rii^ning fuvc- 
 
 reign, which is of a Angular kind. She is habited in 
 the RulTian uniform, booted, and fits aftridc on i 
 white horfe, in her hat is the oak bough, which Jjxr, 
 wore at the memorable revolution which placed her 
 on the throne, and which was likcwife taken by alt 
 her adherents. Her long hair floats in diforder duwi) 
 her back : and the flu/hing in her laic, the natural 
 heat and fatigue flic had undergone, is finely defigned. 
 It is a faithful and exa£t refcmblanee of her drcis and 
 perfon, as (he appeared twelve years ago, when Ihe 
 came to Peteilhon-', and fcizcd .the throne of Ruffia. 
 
 " While my eyes were /ivittd to ihi> pidture, and, 
 my thoughts employed on the melancholy catallrophe 
 ol the unhuppy emperor which fo foon followed, the 
 emprefles entrance was announced. Shewas prece- 
 ded by a lung train of lords and gentlemen. I 
 felt a pleal'ure curro^led with awe as I gazed on 
 this ex. r.iordiiiaty woman, whofe vigour and policy, 
 without any right of bloml, has fcatcd and niaintains 
 her on the throne of the Czars. 'l"houf;h (he is now 
 became rather corpulent, there is a digniiy tempered 
 with gi'aeioufnefs in her deportment and maiinir, 
 which lirlkingly iinprefles. She was habited in a deep 
 bluefilk with gold ftripes, and her hair ornamented 
 with diamonds 
 
 Another modern traveller draws the charaAcr ol the 
 einprefs in the following manner. 
 
 " The cmprefs (fays he) enrcied more than one* 
 into converfation with us j and enquired into our 
 opinions of feveral ubjeJls we had viewed. She is 
 referved in the manner of her fpccch, but has a nobis 
 open countenance} with a becoming greatnefs in hcf 
 air ind carriage. There is nothing lively or pleafing 
 at court, the whole being but a dull though a fine 
 I'cene. It is certain that the great wifdom that has 
 liitherto appeared in all the adlionsand counfels of this 
 princefi, flows from her own perfonal genius and 
 abilities. 
 
 " I have not learnt that (he has any minifters, 
 whofe diflinguilhed parts would give one any reafon 
 tofuppofe the fuccel's owing to them; befidcs, it is 
 well known here, that the emprefs is very determinate 
 in her opinion. She alks and hears the advice of her 
 council upon important afiPairs; but generally follows 
 her own opinion, which is evident from her adling 
 diredlly contrary tu the opinion of the whole in two 
 or three alTairs of confcquence ; and in which the 
 fuccefs that followed, proved clearly that her own 
 judgment was far fuperior than that of all her minifters. 
 .'>hc is remarkable for being quick in her decifions -, 
 (he never a£ts from long and repeated confiderati- 
 ons, but determines almoft inflantaneouny, and ex • 
 ccutes with equal celerity. Such adifpolition is cer- 
 tainly fitter for the coiidudl of gre.it ailairs, than 
 one in which more caution, and a greater degree of 
 prudence appeared : for nothing is fo fatal in tlie 
 government of an empire, as inconftancy and ir- 
 refolution. 
 
 Under the government of fuch a princefs, there 
 will be no wonder if theRuflSans fee the fchemesof 
 Peter the Great, which were left unfinilhed, and 
 happily completed, and the foundation laid for in- 
 tirely reducing the power of the unwieldy Ottoman 
 empire, which has fo long tottered under its own 
 weight. Catharine has already made them feel the 
 force of her arms. She has fulficiently availed her- 
 fclf of the troubles in Poland ; and where (lie has 
 not (harcd in the partition of provinces, has depopu. 
 lated whole traits of land in that country, to add to 
 the number of her fubjcfts in one part of her dumi- 
 nions, whitll the Tartars in dlltant parts own her 
 fway i and there remain yet vaft regions capable of 
 cultivation, and of filling her colTers, and increafing 
 her power. 
 
 I'he palaces of the RulEan nobles are not without 
 their beauties. 
 
 I have made one or two excurfions (fays a modern 
 writer) into the country, particularly to Gathcliin.i, 
 a place of prince OrlcfF^, about forty miles off. It is 
 
 Ufituitttf in the inuft cligiWc fpo^ within a great diftance 
 of 
 
 t-j^ 
 
 i. 
 
TRAVELS THROUGH ASIATIC RUSSIA. 
 
 5^' 
 
 iimmunilion to oppofe the common enemy. This is 
 the mote niccflurv, bcc.iuf«; if they had not artnsj they 
 would be in dungcr of b(.'ing murdered, and robbed ot 
 all they have in (he world j and the Calmucs are 
 obliged to return loon from their expeditions, left a 
 thaw (hould take place, and then their journey would 
 fubjecl them to be attacked by thofe whom they came 
 to rob. The Tartars along the banks of the Wolga, 
 who acknowledge the Ruflians to be thtir mailers, 
 are obliged to furnifli the emprefs, or the fovereign 
 for the time beini;, with a certain number of troops, 
 and this they arc to do whether he is attacked in his 
 own dominions, or makes war upon thole of any 
 other prince. It is true, rhcy have provinces of their 
 own } but in order to lUure- their allegiance to the 
 Ruflians, they are obliged to give up hoftugcs, who 
 for the moll part are kept confined in the cattle of 
 Attracan, where they are treated in a princely man- 
 ner, in order that, when they are exchanged in the 
 room of others, they may carry home with them a 
 favourable report to their own country. This is at- 
 tended with another advantage ; for as many of thefe 
 hoftages are induced to embrace the Greek religion, 
 fu when they return home, it is no difficult matter for 
 them to make converts amon^ their countrymen, and 
 this is perhaps one of the wileft maxims in the Ruffian 
 government. 
 
 The Crim Tartars are generally low of ftature, 
 inclining to fat, with large faces and little eyes. 'I'hey 
 are of an olive colour, and the men have wrinkles, 
 with (hort beards, and their heads fhaven. The 
 Inen wear a garment of cnarfe cloth, with a mantle 
 of fheep-flcin over it, having the woolly fide outward, 
 and a cap of the fame materials. I'he women arc 
 tolerable in their fliapes, and they moll commonly 
 wear a robe of coarle linen cloth, with a coif on their 
 heads, round about which hang a great number of 
 the fmalleft forts of Ruffian coins. 
 
 The fecretary to the Holttcin ambaiTador fays, that 
 while he was there, he did all he could in order to find 
 out their manners and cuftoms. 
 
 " They have a cuftom (fays he) of devoting their 
 children to that god, or idol, who is the objedt of their 
 worlhip : and if the child is a girl, (he is diftin- 
 guiflied from others by a ring with a ruby, hanging 
 from her noftrils ; but if a boy, he wears it in his 
 right ear. It is not unnecefTary to obfcrve, that 
 this cuftom prevails in many other parts of the world, 
 particularly in Perfia. 
 
 " They live upon what their cattle, their hawk- 
 ing, and ilifliing fupplies them with, and their cattle 
 are exceedingly large. Their fltccp have large fat 
 tails, with flat nofes, and hanging ears like our^pa- 
 niels. Their horfes are fmall, but capable of under- 
 taking any fatigue ; and their camels have two 
 hunches on their backs, which fcems to be peculiar 
 to this country and Perfia ; for we did not fee any of 
 the fame fha|>e in the other parts which we vifited. 
 Wcmade particular enquiries into theirmanner of liv- 
 ing, and we found that it was mollly on iifli, dried in 
 the fun, which they ufe inftead of bread, though the 
 better arul more opulent fomctimes make cakes of 
 mcul, rice, and millet, and fry them in oil or honey. 
 'J'hey eat tjie ftefh of camels and horfes, and they 
 drinic cither water or marc's milk; but the Utter is 
 the moll ellcemed, and they treated us with it as a 
 mark of rcfpeA." 
 
 As we proceeded towards the Cafpian fea, we 
 had frequently occifion to ftop for provifions ; and 
 no fuoncr did we ftop for that purpofc, than fome of 
 the Tartarian princes came to vifit us, and prefented 
 us with all fuch neceflaries as their country could af- 
 ford, fucli as melons, apples, apricots, peaches, and 
 grapes, in exchange for which we prefented them with 
 dittillcd waters and fweet-meats. As we proceeded 
 farther down the river, we met with ftill greater ci- 
 vilities, particularly one day, when we were in want 
 of provifions, we were obliged to fend our ihallop on 
 (hore, to trv whether the natives would let us hare 
 any of thole things wc were in need of, but this they 
 VuL, I. No. 50. 
 
 could not do without perniillioii IVniii tl.iir priiitc. 
 Accordingly we made applie.'.iiou to him, uiul he 
 came on board our vellel, aiteiiJid liy lorty vionitllics; 
 and having along with hini iirriilier |>iiiicc, who 
 feunicd tube his lelatioii. Tl.i: tiiii w.;i ii t.ill, cnineiy 
 looking nKin, who leeiiud ^itv'ii; twuiiy-tielit \\.ii3 
 of age, of a hue eomplexiuii, and nieiiy diljmlitioii, 
 being richly clothed after the tullnun of the Muko- 
 vites. 
 
 We received ihim with found of iruiiip.t*, un- 
 der the dilcluigc ol three piices uf euuiiuii, <md ht:i.r 
 a Hay of two hours in tlie :iiiih.iir.<doj's apailiiiinr, 
 and viewing our vill'el, he was reeriidiickil on Ihoie ; 
 for although wc had prepar>.d a ciijl.iiion lur hiiri, yet 
 he politely rcfufcd to cat any of it ; l)iit with the 
 utmoft condefccnfion oideted liis people lo bring us 
 what provifions we wanted. His pielents confilled of 
 rice, millet, and fevcral forts of clued fVuits, with 
 twenty flitches of bacon, and a great number ot laige 
 fifhes dried in the linoak, a bariel of bier, and two 
 or three barrel.i of mead. 
 
 Next day the Tartarian prince difired the am- 
 baiTador would honour him with a Mfit ; and accord- 
 ingly we rowed our boat to the lhori\ and were re- 
 ceived by him in the moll polite manner. 
 
 We were conducted to an jnartincnt prepared for 
 us without the city, where wc were met by the prince, 
 who attended us to an npartnieiit rieliiy hur.; with 
 tapeftry, which is common in that ei-unuv, Lieeaulc 
 they purchafe it from the Pcrfians. Thcie w as a no- 
 ble collati<m of fruits prepared for us, niul we weru 
 ferved with wines, beer, mead, and ipiiiiuous liijuors 
 refembling what the Europeans ca.l Geneva, 'i he 
 prince in the moft humble pollurc drank tlic health of 
 the Czar ; and fuch was the reCpeft he had en- 
 tertained for him, that ho would not put on his cap 
 till he bad drank to all his pnges. Here it was that 
 we met with the Mufcovite anibaflador, or rather de- 
 puty ; for although he is called an ambaflador, yet 
 he enjoys a power fuperior to that name. His buiinefs 
 is to enquire into the public revenues, that he may 
 fend an account thereof to Peterfburgh, and accord- 
 ing to his account of the ilate of afFuirs in the pro- 
 vince, the taxes are regulated. He docs not cxai^. 
 the tribute hiinfelf, but another perfon of an inferior 
 rank is fcnt to do it, who a£ls much in the fame man- 
 ner as the Roman quxllors, although with much lels 
 power. 
 
 This Ruffian ambaiTador entertained us in the moll 
 fumptuous manner, for he was a man of experience, 
 who had been formerly on I'everal embaffies into Per- 
 fia, fo that he had acquired a very confiderable know- 
 ledge of the world, and was relpcfted by all thofe 
 who knew him. After the entertainment was over, 
 we wanted to take a view of the habitations of the 
 Tartars without the city, but the Mufcovite guards 
 would not permit us, it being contrary lo their or- 
 ders, nor could the ambaflador from that court com- 
 ply with our requell, unlets he would have gone 
 beyond the line of his duty. 
 
 A few days afterwards, the Ruffian ambaiTador 
 came on board our velTel, to pay us a vilir, and we 
 treated him as magnificently as we could, confident 
 without circumftaiices, being then far from home, in 
 a ftrange country, and depending for fubfiftcncc upon 
 people whom we imagined to be fav.-iges, although wa 
 found them quite otherwife. This ambaiTador was 
 about fifty years of age, had a moft graceful appear- 
 ance, and was well acquainted with the Latin lan- 
 guage, the mathematics, and fevtral other fcienccs ».. 
 and what was ftill more to his honour, he had, during ' 
 hisembafiy, at his leifure hours, begun making dail/ 
 progrefs in every thing that could enlarge his mind 
 in human knowledge. He was liu well acquainted 
 with aftronomy, that he couid at any time calculate 
 an eclipfe, and take the elevation of the pole while 
 he flood in the fields, or in the ftrcets, to the no fmall 
 Turprife of fuch of his countrymen as atu«dci 
 him. 
 
 Proceeding flill farther down the Wolga, we 
 7 ^ cam* 
 
581 
 
 TRAVELS THROUGH ASIATIC RUSSIA. 
 
 t 
 
 :..'^i- 
 
 came to the territories of a prince who was nominally 
 fiibjrfl to tlie Rufllan!!, hut paid little rrgard to their 
 govcrninenr. He entertained us witli much civility, 
 ami coiidudted us to the pbccs where the 'I'artars have 
 their hxufcs, that wc might be able to form Tome no- 
 tion of thrmj for he told us that we had been mifin- 
 formed nith refpcift to many particulars concerning 
 them. To this we anlwcred, that it was not much lo 
 be wondered at that we fhuuld be miflnrormed, be- 
 caufe there being fo many nations of Tartars, wc 
 fomrtlme. confidered thcni all as one and the fame, 
 inconffqucnce of the imperfeA accounts that had 
 been Iranfinittcd to us ; but we were glad to find our- 
 filvesmiftaken, and for the future would he cautious 
 how we drew ourconcluftons. 
 
 Here it was that we firft obferved that they did 
 notthrtfh their corn as we do in Lurope, but trod 
 it out by oxen and horfes, nor did »« meet with a hut 
 fo mean but it had its hawlc and falcon. In our re- 
 turn we met " ith or»e of their deputy princes, who 
 came with his h.iwk in his hand, as did all the reft of 
 his retinue. He coirpliniciitcd the ambafladors in 
 the politeft manner, tellini; ihcm, that he was lorry 
 he hai; not an opportunity of waiting on them at 
 hnme, that he might have treated them according to 
 their rank. 
 
 The next place we came to was a Ruflian or Greek 
 chnii'l, and near it was a vilhigc, which the natives 
 call Zuaii7,uk, a place where vaft numbers of fifh are 
 l.iken, and ht-rc the Wolga is divided into many 
 channels, which form fo many illands, all covered 
 with bu(hes, cane?, and oziers, as indeed is the 
 preateft part of the coafis of the Cafpian fea. Among 
 the reft of thtfc iflands, there is one of confiderable 
 bignefs, on which there is a houfe pretty high, hav- 
 ing on the top a pole, with the fcull of a fticep fixed 
 to the fummitof it. They alFured us that this was the 
 frpulchre of a Tartarian faint ; and that the inha- 
 bitants who pafs that way, kill a (heep, part of which 
 is offered up in facrince, the remainder they fcafl 
 on, and the head is fixed on a pole, where it remains 
 till it falls off, .ind then another is put up in its 
 room, and this is the reafon why the Mufcovitcs call 
 this place, The Tartar's Sacrifice. In the fame 
 illand area vaft number of huts, where the filhcrmen 
 refide free from the noife of a tumultuous world, for 
 if their enjoyments are fmall, their defircs are few, 
 and they are utterly unacquainted with luxury. 
 
 At night we came within fight of another fiftiing 
 place, fenced in, and guarded by about a hundred 
 Ruflian foldiers, where we faw a great many dog-fi(h, 
 or fea-hounds, and a kind of fowl, called by Pliny 
 onocratabus, with long beaks, round and flat at the 
 end like a fpoon beaten out, having taken its name 
 from the nolle it makes like an afs, by putting its 
 beak into the water. We alfo difcovered a vaft num- 
 ber of creatures as large as wild geefe, larger than 
 fwans J their bills about a foot anda half long, two 
 fingers broad, and forked at the ends. They have 
 under their bills a b.ig of (kin, which they can con- 
 tract or extend as they pleafc, and it will contain 
 three gallons of liquor, and this they ufeas a prefer- 
 vatory for the fifh they take till they can fwallow them. 
 ^Ve fnot one of them, and it meafured two ells and a 
 half between the extremities of the wings, and feven 
 feet from the head to the feet. We alfo faw a kind of 
 wild ducks much larger than th'ofe in Europe, and as 
 black as crows, with forked oills, and their feathers 
 as hard as thofe of crows. The Ruffians call them 
 braclun, and they never appear but in the night, when 
 they make a moft horrid noife. 
 
 When we arriveil at the mouth of the Wolga, we 
 found it full of fmall i (lands covered with reeds and 
 canes, and thefe iflanil. extend fix leagues into the 
 fea, which has given •rife to a proverbial expreffion 
 an.ong the natives, " That the Wolga has fix 
 mouths." With relpca to ourfelves, we found we 
 had many difficulties to encounter, for the bottom vas 
 all muddy, with (hallow water not above four or five 
 feet deep ; fo that in fcvtn days wr did not advance 
 
 2 
 
 above four leagues. One day we ftuck upon a f.'ml 
 bank near one of thefe illands, and after fiii^iiinv; 
 ourlclvcs leveral hours in getting off, we came into 
 fix feet of water, but foon found it was only a pit, 
 furrounded on all fides wtith fands, and the wiml 
 changing about, brought us in three feet water, lu 
 that we foon found ourfelves fixed in the tt.ud. 
 
 We unloaded our goods into the Tartar's boat«, 
 and tried day and night together out, but in vain, 
 there being no hopes of relief till the return of tlm 
 water, which could not be expedled without the 
 change of the weather. In four days after, perceiviiu; 
 the waters to have increal'ed five feet, wc began tii 
 entertain fume hopes of being extricated out of our 
 difficulties, and the next day a tempeft railed ilie 
 water to nine feet, and we might have got into the 
 fea had not the violence of the winds prevented u*. 
 Our Ruffian pilot was extremely ijnorant, and ?II 
 the maps we had along with us were fall'e, fo that w>: 
 found it nec< ffary to addrefs ourfelves to the colonel 
 of the foMirrs who did duty there, to procure us a 
 pilot, to conduct us to the Cafpian Sea. 
 
 This gentlemnn, who was a native of Mofcow, came 
 on board our vefl<:l, and we having treated him in the 
 beft manner we could, he promifed to fend us a 
 pilot, but no fooner was he gone, than he fct fail in 
 a vefUl of his own, and left us to reflect on our 
 credulity. We met with this fellow after our arrival 
 at Terki, and when we upbraided him with his in- 
 folence and perfidy, he only laughed at it j nay, he 
 had even the impudence to tell us, It was a fine 
 matter to talk of. 
 
 In the mean time being reduced to fuch ftraits, we 
 refolved fo apply to the mafter of a Perfian vtflel, a 
 man of fome knowledge in navigation, far beyond 
 moft of his countrymen. No Iboner had he heanl 
 our requeft, than he came on board our (hip, and at 
 eleven at night ordered the anchor to he weighed, fo 
 that we foon found ourfelves in eighteen feet w.Ttei, 
 and continued failingal'^no; the coafl till next moriiin.., 
 when, tooui intxpreflibie picafure, we beheld the 
 trees waving over the fea. 
 
 Having efcaprd from thefe dangers, we difcovered 
 the country of Circalfia, which extending along the 
 coaft, forms a fpacious bay, in the form of a crelcent. 
 We did all we could to get round the point of the 
 tiulph i but the wind veering about, had infallibly 
 forced us into it, had we not caft anchor at the en- 
 trance. About twenty fifhcrinen, who came to fell 
 us fome fifh, put us in much fear, becaufc wc believed 
 they were Cofl'acks; but coming nearer, wedifcovered 
 who they were, and bought plenty of provifions eif 
 them. The fifli they fold us were large ; and what 
 was very remarkable, moft of them had loblicts in 
 their bellies. The remainder of the day was fpent 
 in giving God Aliiiit;hty thanks for his graciojs 
 goodncls to us, in prefeiving us from fuch imminent 
 dJingers, and in the mean time our Perfian pilot not 
 only fent a proper perfon tp direct us, but likcwile a 
 boat as a guide. 
 
 Next day a thick mift furrounded us, fo that wr 
 were obliged to lay at anchor till morning, w hen, alte • 
 much fatigue, we weathered the point, and calt 
 anchor about a quarter of a league from the (hore. 
 We wcri. told that the Coffacks had a defign of attack- 
 ing us the night before, near the point where we hail 
 been reduced to fo many difficulties ; but miffing ip. 
 they h:id the infolence, upon their return, toatt;. -r 
 thofe Tartarian piinces who had treated us with fo 
 much civility. In this, however, they found them- 
 felves doubly miftaken, for the Tartars fired upon 
 them, and killed leveral, upon which, they begged 
 feir mercy, telling them that it was only the Germans 
 whofn they wanted to rob ; which circumftance 
 ferves to (hew, • That idlenefs will always ftiniulate 
 • people toafls of the greateft injuftice.' 
 
 A rumour that the Cotracks were in the neigh- 
 bourhood, had been fpread the fame morning in the 
 city of Terki, and the noife of our great guns having 
 incteafcd their i'eari, becaufc they knew that their 
 
 prince 
 
TRAVELS THROUGH ASIATIC RUSSIA. 
 
 583 
 
 prince MufTalto was iherr, ocCHfionrd a great alaini 
 in the place, which was however quickly appealed, 
 when the prince an<l his fleet fuon after came into th 
 road, and giving a falute with tlicir fire arms, invited 
 us to honour them with a vifit, at the huufe of Ins 
 mother. Uut hcic we mull Hop, to give lume account 
 of the city «( Tcrlci. 
 
 This antient ciiy is fltjatcd ahout two miles from 
 the (horc, upm a liiiall nvrr talliil I'emenlki, a 
 branch of the gn it River Buftro, and f.icilitates a 
 communication ii'twecn the lea and the city, which 
 has no other avenues by land, beinq; furroundcd wit!\ 
 trees for a quarti-r of a Icajjue round. 
 
 The fiiuatiun is low, and all the houfts, as well as 
 the ranipaits, were formerly built of wood, but Peter 
 the Gi^at ordeied a ranipirt of earth to be thrown 
 up, and fevrral other loriificalions to be raifed. 
 1 here is a large ^iirifnn conlfanilv kept in this city, 
 an;l a b.ittalion ui them attends the Taitanaii 
 prince. 
 
 Circ'dia is n very an'ient kingdom, and although 
 now fubji'tf to the Ruliians, y.t iliey ftill uijcy 
 fheir own religion, iiul in gemril are govc'riicu by 
 their own '.aws. I' ic men are (frong limhtd, and ot 
 a tawny e 'iipUxion, but in gi'ivr.) not lo bro.id 
 fared as wiilt- T.iiais we havt- alre.idy nientioneu. 
 They wcir long bl.i.k h.iir, but fliavt ih.' miiljli 
 of their heads from Ihe forehead to (he 11 ck, ..ul 
 not abivc the breau;h of an inch, leaving a loilc jull 
 at the crown, whien t,ills down behind, and makes 
 them appear frightful to grangers. 
 
 Several authors have r. piif iit^'d them as extremely 
 barbarous, and probably mat \> is 'he cafe formerly, 
 but it is not Co at prelMii, fir ever fince they became 
 fuVijedt to the Ruflinus, ili'v n ivc been making daily 
 improvements in poiittiief , a. far as is confiltent with 
 the ftate of the country and the form of government. 
 Befidcs their own language, * hich is that of the Tar- 
 tars, many of them, particularly thole in offices, fpeak 
 the Ruflian, which is much elicemed among them. 
 In their Hrcfs they refcmble the other Tartars who 
 inhabit thofe parts, only that their cloaks are fome- 
 what longer, and faftened to the neck with a firing ; 
 but as they do not cover the whole body, fo they 
 turn them according to the weather. Their women 
 have good fliapes, amiable countenances, ami frefh 
 complexions. They wear no veils, and their 
 locks hang down in trefTes on both ftdcs. They 
 wear black coifs upon their heads, and cover them 
 with a piece of line calico or linen cloth tied under 
 the chin. In the fummer the women wear fcarce 
 any thing but a (hift, which is either green, yellow, 
 or blue, and they are cut (o deep before, as to betray 
 a large ihare of immodefty. 
 
 Widows are diftinguiflted from the others, by 
 having the bladder of an ox full blown, and covered 
 with calico, or any other fort of ftuft', hanging from 
 their necks. Their women in general treated us 
 with much familiarity, taking particular notice of 
 our cloaths i and not In the leaft oflTendcd, when fome 
 of our fervants, proceeding from one familiarity to 
 another, would often thruft their hands into their 
 bofoms. 
 
 Some of them invited us to their huts, and told us 
 that it was the cuilom of the country, when Grangers 
 came to vifit the women, for the hulbands to go abroad 
 into the fields. They have, notwithftanding all this, 
 the rCii..tation of being very virtuous; and one day 
 an officer in our retinue, having got into a familiar 
 acquainrmce with one of them, who was very hand 
 fome, having an opportunity to malce trial of her 
 challity, found her deaf to all his intreaties, but at 
 the fame time was not difpleafed ; when he told her 
 it was common enough in his own country, flie faid, 
 file would Ihew him all the kindnefs in her power 
 conflflent with modclly and decency, but further ihe 
 would not go. 
 
 Polygamy, or a plurality of wives, is allowed 
 smong then, and they may marry as many as they 
 pleafe, fo u tfaey can maintain them, but in gencru 
 
 they are contented with one. If a man dies without 
 ifTu'*, his brother, if unmarried, mull efpoufe the 
 widow ■, and this practice being one of the maxims of 
 the Jewifh law, there is rcafon to btlieve that tliefe 
 CircafTians learned it from thofe people, while they 
 were captives in I'erfia. Some jf iheni arc Mahome- 
 tans, others are Chriflians, their rites confilling of 
 a mixture of Jeu Kli, HopiOi, and Greek cereiiioiiits. 
 1^1- heathens, however, are the molt numerous, and 
 fome of their ceremonies dill'Lt from thofe ot the 
 Tartars. Thus, when a perlon ot any note dies, 
 the relations of both (exes appoint a meeting in the 
 fields, to perform Uie facrihee, which is a he goat, 
 that creature being confidered as molt proper to make 
 an atonement for fin. 
 
 The lirfl thing they do, is to try whether the goat 
 IS lit lor ilie fLcriiice; jikI tnr thi- purpofe, iliey lutoft' 
 his tclticles, and throw them jgainfl a wall. If they 
 Itick there, they H.y the goat, and itreteh the fkin 
 uiion a long pole, bi ton " lii. n 'he) > fti ihi fai ritice : 
 ifiL- fliih . . b 111 boiled and n ailed, a''er v/hn li, it is 
 aten, Alur the feall, the n.en ji.iy iheir devotions 
 to ihi fl<:ii , wiiieii oone, the women an- knt home, 
 .iiul ihi men eontlu le the diy with druikn'^ fpiriiu- 
 ou« liquors lo fucli an excels, iliai tl\ y appear rather 
 like bcalts than human creatures, and fcKlom part 
 wuiiout blows. Tin- fkin of the goat eniains fixed 
 on the pole t.ll another perfon of quaiif, dies, for 
 tn-fe lacrihces are not for ti.e ordinary laiiKs eif piople. 
 We law one of thile lliins near Teiki, upon a black 
 crol's, with the head and horns on it ; It was fixed in 
 ihe middle of a quick-fet hedge, to ke.-p the dogs and 
 cattle from profaning it. 
 
 In burying (he bodies of the deceafed, they ufe a 
 great number of ceremonies, perfons of quality 
 having houles built over their tombs ; and to exprcfs 
 their grief for the lofs of their departed fri»nds, they 
 fcratch their foreheads, arms and bieails, till tiie blnou 
 flows plentifully } and fo far do they carry this ridi- 
 culous part of their fuperftition, that they tear open 
 their wounds, and make thcni bleed afiefh. 
 
 So far as we can learn, there is little or no men- 
 tion made of the Circaffian Tartars in antient hiflory, 
 and equally as little by modern authors; Scaliger 
 makes mention of them in very few words, and calls 
 them by the name of Ziga 1 as Strabo, the famous 
 geographer, did of old ; and he affigns their habita- 
 tions beyond Mount Caucafus, upon the Kuxine 
 Sea, near the Palus Mxotis, betwixt Afia and Ku- 
 rope. 
 
 In this however, they are millaken, for thofe Cir- 
 caffians mentioned by our learned traieller are de- 
 fcended from the antient Scythians, inhabiting part 
 of Albania, being inrlnfrd <in the eafl and wcfl by 
 the Cafpian Sea, by Mount Caucafus to the fouth, 
 and the vaft mountains of Allracan to the north. 
 Our traveller proceeds to deferibe feveral other curi- 
 ous particulars. 
 
 " In the neighbourhood of Tcrki, we faw feveral 
 creatures of the bignels of a man's arm, and fix feet 
 in length, fporting themfelves in the heat of the fun, 
 and the place is pcltercd with a fpccics of creatures 
 called jerbuah, or field mice. They are moilly of 
 the fize of a fquirrel, and not unlike it in lliape, only 
 that they are more inclining to black, with heads like , 
 rats, long eais, and the fore feet fhorter than the 
 hindermou, which makes thein unfit for running, but 
 they will leap five or fix feet high from the ground, 
 with their tails laid over their backs, which arc long 
 without hair. They are in great numbers, not only 
 in Tartarian Circaffia, but all the way along as far as 
 Babylon, and many of the people eat them. 
 
 '• If they get into the houles, they will carry every 
 thing they can along with them tu their nefls, and 
 they will even take money, as hr.ppened to a Perfian, 
 the father of one Ackwerdi, who was my fervant. 
 He had long miffed fome money, and although there 
 were no thieves that any one knew of, or fufpeAed 
 in the place, yet his pockets were picked almoft every 
 night. He tgld this (o our landlord, who deiired bim 
 
 *i*«r(=-,it- 
 
5»* 
 
 TRAVELS THROUGH ASIATIC RUSSIA. 
 
 to fcarch the iicd of one of ihefc creatures, and there 
 he found mure th.in hi- hnd lofh" 
 
 Having I'ecii ivcry tliinj; worth notice in Terki, 
 we prepared to continue our journey, and bargainetl 
 with our inn-lcccpcr to furnifl) us with waggons at 
 a crown eacli, with two horfes, to carry us through 
 the defart, which was about fevcnty leagues, between 
 this place and Allracan. VVe were joined by as many 
 Hcrfiaii, I'urkifh, Cireck, and Ruinan merchants, 
 that wc had in all about two hundred waggons, each 
 carrying! three or four pcrfoiis, fu that we amounted to 
 about Itven hundred and fitly. Our provifiuns for 
 fuch a journey were as t'canty as can well be imagined, 
 each of us had a fi-w pounds of hard bifcuit, a mouldy 
 loaf of brcid, and the half of a dried falmon for 
 his portion. We had no water, becaufc Baron Brug- 
 nian, one of the amb.illadors, would not confent to 
 hire a waggon to carry it, and moft of us did not 
 urgeth: matter, aIihou,;;li we had reafon afterwards to 
 repent of this part of our conduct. 
 
 Wc had only left 'I'liki a few hours when we came 
 in fight of the dreadful dcfai t, our journey being along 
 the r.id of the Cafpian fea. It was no fmall matter 
 of I'urprifc in us not to fee a city, town, village, 
 houle, or even a tree, for eleven oays ; nay, not fo 
 much as a bird, or a river, except the Kifibaf} the 
 whole was one vaft fandy plain, which here and there 
 produced a little grafs, and fome (landing pools of 
 fait, with a little corrupted muddy water 1 nearoneof 
 which pools, we took up our lodgings, on the iith 
 night, having made no more than two leagues a day. 
 On the ijth day wc travelled through fenny grounds, 
 that werj fcarce palT.ibIc, and were much afflicted 
 with heat, thirft, gnats, wafps, and other infeifts, 
 cfpccially the camels, who having no tails, could not 
 defend thcmfelves againll them fo well as the horfes. . 
 
 On the 14th day wc made four leagues in the fore- 
 noon, and after having refreflicd our beads, we made 
 four more in the afternotm j and in the evening, the 
 Tartars, who were along w--'- us, roafted one of 
 their horfes, which they hai. I< led, becaufe it was 
 likely to die, and they feemcu to eat It with much 
 picalure. On the fifteenth we travelled feven leagues, 
 and encamped near a lUnding pool, made by the over- 
 flowing of the fca, but the water was lo much cor- 
 rupted, that we could not drink it without hold- 
 ing our noftrils. On thefixteenth we travelled feven 
 leagues farther, -and had the good fortune to encamp 
 near a fmall brook of frcfti water, near the banks of 
 the fca. 
 
 On the feventcenth, we travelled eight leaeues, and 
 encamped near a pool of frefli water, formed by the 
 Wolga, but the tafte was fo naufeous, that few 
 of us could drink it. This day fome of our Tar- 
 tars having been in purfuit of wild boars, killed feve- 
 ral of them, and hrought thtm to us in the evening. 
 In this place we found an eagle's netl, with two 
 young ones not quite fledged, which we confidered as 
 a very great curiofity. On the eighteenth day we 
 travelled eight leagues, and pitched our tents within 
 fight of Aftracaii ; and the next day we came to the 
 banks of the Wolga, juft oppofite to that city. It 
 was furprifing to fee ibme of our people who li.ul not 
 tafted frefli water from the time they left Terki, 
 running into the river to quench their thirft. We 
 were no fooncr arrived here than fome of our friends 
 came from Allracan, and brought us frefli provifions, 
 which were received by us with a hearty welcome, and 
 we continued encamped till we could learn whether 
 the governor would provide us lodgings. 
 
 Having obtained permiflion of the governor, we 
 crofTetl the river, and had lodgings afligned us in a 
 long Uonc-houfe without the city, near the river fide, 
 wliere we were furnlflK-d with plenty of provifions, 
 tent us by the duke of Holllein's refident. The am- 
 balfaJor, for rcafons we were not then acquainted 
 with, ordered all the baggage tr be put into one 
 room, which was done accordingly ; which fo ex- 
 afperatcd fome of our retinue, that they burft open 
 i»ic doors, and took away the ehefts, in fpite of the 
 1 
 
 centincl who was to i;unrd it. The governor «>t Af- 
 Iracan treated us witli the utmuft politcnefs, and in t 
 us beef and mutton, with all forts of poultry that 
 the country afforded, tugrthrr with beer and other li- 
 quors, in rccompencc fur a preknt we had nude 
 him. 
 
 About this time, a mifundcrltanding took plit'e 
 between our two anibafl'adors, in coiifeuuencL- of 
 Baron Urugman being apprehenfive o( being called 
 10 an account for his conduct, for during the whole 
 of our journey, he had treated us in a very indillaent 
 manner. He became morofe and fulky at table, unU 
 would fcarce fpeak to any of us, and often broke out 
 into injurious and otteiirivc cxpreflions. 'i'his hap- 
 pened in a remarkable manner onedav, after dinner i 
 for not content with quarrelling with his domefiics, 
 h.' broke out into the moll ahufivc language againlf 
 me, whom he wanted to charge with the whole of his 
 niilcondu£t. J faid a few words in my ow.i vindica- 
 tion i but this, inltcad of allaying the heat of his 
 paflion, enraged him fo much, that he laid hold of a 
 knife, and would certainly have fiabbed me, had 
 I not rifen from table and left the room. He 
 treated the ch.iplain of the embafly with fo much 
 cruelty, that he was often in want of the necciTariei 
 of lite ; and one day, while he was adminillering the 
 facrament, the Ruflian governor took notice that he 
 had nothing under his caflock but a pair of draweis. 
 The governor ordered cloaths to be made for the poor 
 minilTer; but although he was in fuch want of them, 
 yet he durll not accept of them, left Brugman fhnuld 
 have treated him with ftill greater feverity. This Rul- 
 fian governor did all he could to ibftcn the temper of 
 Brugman, but all to no puipofe, for he continued to 
 increafc in his leverity every day, and even laid apian 
 for ruining his colleague. Nor did the Ruffian go- 
 vernor, who had treated us with fo much tenderncfs, 
 efcape his cenfure, for he even wrote to the emperor 
 concerning him, accufing him with things he had ne- 
 ver been guilty of; which had fuch an etteii upon the 
 poor gentleman, that he poifoned himfclf. 
 
 While we remained at Aftracan, a German, 
 whofe name was Andrew Reufncr, provided with let- 
 ters of recommendation from the duke of Holftein to 
 the king of Pcrfia, came in .1 caravan from Mofcow 
 to Aftracan, where in a little time he entered into 
 fo ftri£l a friendfhip with Brugman, that he relin- 
 quifhed his defign of going to Pcrfia, and engaged tu 
 return with the ambaUadur to Holftein. We had an 
 opportunity while we were at Aftracan of feeing a pub- 
 lic fcftival, which is obferved annually in memory of 
 the Ruffians having taken the place, which was on 
 the firft of Aueuft, 1554. Mafs was faid in the 
 morning, then tne great guns of the caftle were fired 
 off, and the evening was concluded with much 
 drunkennefs and debauchery. Several perfons were 
 killed i for fuch is the licentious difpofition of thelis 
 Ruffians, that they will intoxicate themfelvcs, and 
 then fight like fomany wild beafts. 
 
 A Mufcovite caravan, confifting of two hundred 
 perfons, went by land from this place to Mofcow, 
 which induced Andrew Reufner to embrace that oppor- 
 tunity for his departure. Some of our retinue were 
 alfo lent at the fame time, and every thing was got 
 ready for our departure, it being the ambaUador's de- 
 fign that we fliould go by water to Cafan. A few 
 days before the time fixed for our departure, Ibme Ruf- 
 fian 7'artars brought to the ambafTadors two young 
 girls, one of ten, and one of feven years old, whom 
 they propofed to fell. I'he firft was the daughter of 
 a .ariar of Frecos, taken by the Cofiacks, wheu 
 they took paflcffion of Azoph, a place of confider- 
 able ftrength, fituated near the mouth of the river 
 Don. I'he young one of feven years old had been 
 ftolen from a village net far from Aftracan, and the 
 wretches had put her into a bag, like a pig. She 
 had on her cheeks two large marks, to be known by 
 her parents, from which circumftance, two things 
 are to be learned ; firft, that the practice o( ftealing 
 children is common in that country i and fccandly, 
 
 that 
 
TRAVELS THROUGH ASIATIC RUSSIA. 
 
 Sff 
 
 th^t however barbarout people may be in their man- 
 neri, yet a lover of their offspring is to be tounil 
 throughout the whole human race. The aiiibali'idur 
 Brugman purchal'cd both the girls, the cldvli for 
 twentv-fivc, and the yuunguft lur iixteen ciowns, 
 and attcr hi» return to Hjjftcin, he prcrunted chcm to 
 the duchel's, who hail tlicm inliru6tcd in the Chrif- 
 tian religion, and buptizcd. 
 
 Much about the lame time the Perfian ambaflador, 
 a man offcvcnty years of age, bought a witc for I2U 
 crowns. Tliii Pcriian ainbaflador was a man of a fine 
 appearance^ and a vigorous conllitution, o.ving, as 
 he told us, tohislivinij chiefly on henip-fecd, b.iltid 
 in the embers. Tlie lady he purchalWI was the daugh- 
 ter of a Tartarian prince) and one of our interpre- 
 ters, nearly related to her, had embraced the Chrif- 
 tian religion. His filler endeavoured to pcrfuade him 
 to ffl with her to I'crfia, but nothing could prevail 
 with him i and being afraid lell he fhould be trepanned 
 and taken away, he feidom went out of the aiiibalVa- 
 (lor's apartments. In the mean time the Perfian .im- 
 baflador received orders to vifit the duke of Hoincin, 
 and therefore it was propofed that wc (hould all fei 
 out togctlur in boats on the Wolga. 
 
 buch is the prefent Hate of that vail extenfive coun- 
 try in Afia, fubject to tlie Ruflians, or at leall pre- 
 tended to be fo i for, as we have already taken notiec, 
 the Tartars in moft parts of the RulTian empire look 
 upon themfelves as free, although for their own in- 
 tereft thry fumetimes fubmit to the name of vafl'als. 
 And now the grand queltion before us is, " U it 
 confillcnt with found policy in the Ruflian govern- 
 ment to attempt the cultivation of one part of the 
 empire^ and pay no mure regai^ to the other than 
 juft to confider the inhabitants as bealh of bur- 
 den ?" 
 
 A proper anfwer to thisqueflion is of much impor- 
 tance to the inhabitants of thofe European nations 
 who arc continually fceking to extend their conquells 
 over lavage nations, without confidcring whether it 
 will ever be of any fervice to them. It would be 
 happy for us in the prefent cafe if we could draw a 
 parallel line between the Roman empire and that of 
 Ruflia i but this cannot be done, the circumllances 
 being in many rcfpecls dilFercnt ; to which may be 
 added, " Wu know what Rome was, but we know 
 not what Ruflia will be." 
 
 The Romans were at lirft a band of robbers, but 
 having formed themfelves into fonie fort of foctety, 
 they gradually, from time to time, Subdued the inha- 
 bitants who lived in the villages around them, till at 
 lad they laid the foundation of a city, which has for 
 many ages been the admiration of the world. When 
 Rome was built, the territories of the Romans did 
 not exceed in extent one of our K.iglilh counties, 
 nay, it was lefs than fome of them ^ but the love of 
 power, fo peculiar to the human mind, furmounted all 
 difficulties, and moil of Italy foon became fubjedt to 
 them. From Italy they extended their conquelts into 
 Gaul, now called France; into Iberia, now called 
 Spain ; into Africa, part of which they fubdued ; 
 into all the known parts of Afia, and Greece I'ub- 
 mitted to their viiflorious arms. But of that gran- 
 deur there remains nothing at prefent but the name. 
 
 Had webeen as well acquainted with the origin of 
 the Ruflians, as wc are with that of the Romans, 
 many ration.il conjctSlures might have been formed ; 
 but as they have no writings to throw any light upon 
 the adlions of their piedeccfTois, we are obliged to 
 fit down contented with what has been tranfinitted to 
 us by travellers, without having recourfc to antient 
 writings. It is common to confider all nations as 
 emerging from a ftate of obfcurity, and doubtlefs 
 Ruflia did fo; for it was formerly divided into many 
 principalities, although at prefent it bears one general 
 name. Their extending their conquells into Afia, 
 was partly from motives of fell prefervation, and 
 • partly from the love of power. 
 , Tbe Tartars invaded them fo often, and drove away 
 their cattle, that it was found neccfliry to make re- 
 
 Vot. I. Ko. SI. 
 
 prifaii. This h.ippened in early times, when the Rul- 
 fians were little better than favayes, and utterly unac- 
 quainted with cuinnieree ; but as circunilianec!> liavu 
 taken a diHlrLiit turn, ditferent uljidb UioulJ be kepi 
 in view. Lvery man of conimmi experience will 
 grant, that it is more for theiiiUull of a prince to be 
 the fuvcreigii of a fniall country well cultiv.ited, and 
 its inhabitants civilized, than lu have llie vain empty 
 n.imeof being the U"duf barren d<.'..ats iiili.ibited bv 
 favages. Tins will in every ui'ii^wt .ippl) to Ruflia, 
 and to all thulenther n.iiiuiis in the wuiiJ, wheie tliere 
 are moreinhabit.iiits thun the civil pi>w\rc.in take no- 
 tice of. And here wc would fug^ell a few thoughts 
 that have often occurred to us in the pcrulal of tlic 
 hillory of ditrereiu n.itioiis in the world. 
 
 The conduit of Peter the Great, in attempting to 
 civilize his fubjeilits, was truly laudable, and his en- 
 deavours toextend commerce gave a prouf of his gooU 
 fenle ; but, like molt other human beings, he h:ia his 
 weak fide. One grand objciil he had in view, was,lu 
 equal any of the European princes in glory, to be- 
 come a mediator in all quarrels anuingfl them, and in 
 war to take pai t with tholi: whofc caufe lie efpou led from 
 motives of policy. This part of his conducl is not 
 mentioned merely on account of itsbeingblame.ible,but 
 to point out that he attachid himfelf too iniitii to it; 
 becaulc by purfuingit with unwearied afliduitv, he ne- 
 g^leiited the interior pjrts of his empire. I'his might 
 have been re>ilified, and his errors amended, had 
 his predceeil'ors adopted the fiillowlii^ plan, and car- 
 ried it into execution with perfeverance. 
 
 Had the fuccelFors of Peter continued to extend the 
 cultivation of the Empire, in the manner it w.is begun 
 at St. Peocrfburgh, they might before tins time have 
 carried it on as tar as Mofcow, which is an extent of 
 territory reaching fix hundrctl miles in length. To 
 have encdled this valuable fcliemc, it would have been 
 proper for the fovereign to have given every fort of 
 encouragement to hulbandmcn. This is not yet too 
 late ) and until it is put in praflice, little good can 
 be expedlcd in Ruflia, either from commerce or con- 
 quells. Let the government confider the pcafants as 
 the mod ufeful members of fociety, and bellow upon 
 them lands in proportion to their ability to cultivate 
 them. This would carry civilization to a great 
 height } for men become in love with the Ipot 
 of ground they have cultivated, and, where they 
 have brought up their children. It would prevent 
 them from roving about in idlcncfs, and their neigh- 
 bours next to them in f tuation would chearfully 
 copy their example. It is true, this would be the 
 work of time, but if once begun, perhaps a fingle 
 generation mi^ht fee it accomplifhed. As Mr. Pope 
 lays of refined felf-love, it would gradually extend 
 itfelf to all the provinces of the empire. 
 
 Another thing to be attended to is, that along with 
 encouragement given to the cultivation of the lands, 
 the fame care mould be taken to improve the minds 
 of the rifing generation ; knowledge expels barbarity, 
 as light fwallows up darknefs. 
 
 It is faid of the prefent Emprcfs, that Ihe gives every 
 fort of encouragement to the liberal arts and ufeful 
 fcienccs; but it is much to be feared, that her benevo- 
 lence is confined to fuch forts of learning as can only 
 be of fervice to her military and naval officers. This 
 conveys a mod unnatural idea to the mind, for it is 
 like beginning a ftrudlurc where it fhould end. 
 
 To give encouragement to the liberal arts and 
 fcienccs, is laudable in every country; and the ne- 
 glect of this, is what has kept the Turks fo many 
 years in a ilatc of ignorance ; but to difregard the im- 
 provement of the minds of the vulgar, is like a father 
 who having twenty fons, fulFers nineteen of them to 
 continue in ignorance. 
 
 It is of little fervice for ;he Emprefs to fay, that 
 (he has academies, which fhe fupports at her own 
 expence, while the gicateft part of her fubje£ls remain 
 in a date of profound ignorance. It would be much 
 to her honour to have fchools ellablilhed in the pro- 
 vince of Livonia, at her own expence, and this the 
 7 L coul4 
 
 1 
 
 % 
 
iH 
 
 TRAVEL^ IN CHINA. 
 
 koi:'.J the more eafily do, becaufe (he li under no 
 ri'Diid'.' II with rcl'poA to the ulrs to be made of the 
 publir ni inry : it would be a ndhic and generous ex- 
 crlKin i^t her rcg.il uuthori(y, and fcrve co point out 
 th.'it even ihl'iilute power, when employed in a proper 
 manner, might be of ft-rvice to mankind. The gene- 
 ral objection tu be made againft what ii here laid 
 down i!>, that foverrignt arc difcouraged from under- 
 taking what (hey muy never live to fee accomplithed ; 
 but ini< -objection it no more than i filly cxcufe: 
 llrith the r.imc realbn might a man fay, I am afraid to 
 begin building ;i huufe, or to undertake any thing 
 vhatever, becaufc I may die before it it completed. 
 It i<i our buriniTs, in 'Ahatcvcr (tation we are in here 
 bviow, either to begin fomething beneficial to our- 
 felves, or to carry on that which ''has been already 
 becim 
 
 The RulTiani, by confinin;^ their attention to the 
 province* near Heter(burgh for fomc time, would be 
 
 of great fervice to the reft, efpecially thofe wfiirfi lay 
 more to the eaft, for it would Simulate the inhabitant* 
 to fcek for the fame ufeful arti to be eltabliflied among 
 themlclvei. There are many parti of Great Uritain 
 as barren and mountainous at many of the province* 
 of Ruflia, and yet who can f^y that we have a favags 
 amongll us j nor was this the work of a day ; it re 
 quired time, and we may now fafcly fay, that the 
 pooreft of our pcafants are at civilized in their man- 
 ners, as fome of the chieft in other nations. Upon 
 the whole, it is probable that Rufltawill never make a 
 very great figure, until learning is encouraged among 
 the lower ranks of people. 1 hi«, with agriculture, 
 would civilize their manners^ humanize their minds, 
 lead them off from ahtient prejudices and fu|<erftitinns, 
 and might even, in the end, reach as far as thofe in- 
 hofpitabic defarts in Siberia, Tartary, and aiiny 
 other parts which wf have already defcribed. 
 
 TRAVELS IN CHINA, by the RUSSIAN AMBASSADOR, FATHER 
 NAVARETTI, FATHER DUHALDE, FATHER LECOMPTE, &c. 
 
 THE vaft Empire of China, of which we have 
 no accounts in ancient hiftory, is bounded up 
 the north bv the great wall which divides it from 
 Wettern TaVtary. On the *reft by Tibet and Ava ; 
 on the foulii bv the t-aos Tong-king, and the Chincfe 
 Sea, or Oriental ocean ; and by the fame ocean on 
 llie cr.(l. It i& rcni.irkahlr, that notwithftanding tht- 
 valt dift.incc of Chin.i from us, and the fentimcnts 
 of the people lb oppofite to ours, in politicks as well 
 as in religion, yet by the unwearied indaftry of the 
 mifltunancs from the focicty of Jcfuitt, the dimen- 
 sions have been well afcertained, and from thtm we 
 are enabled to difcover huw it is fituated. China lies 
 between an hundred and fifteen and an hundred and 
 eij;hty-one degrees of fad longitodc, and between 
 twenty degrees twenty-five minutes of north latitude. 
 It is in fhapc almoft fquarc, being in Jingth, from 
 fouth to north, about 1270 miles, and iico in 
 breadth. 
 
 China is, by many travellers, reckoned the fined 
 country in the world ; bein^ exceeding fertile, and 
 the mountains are cultivated even to the tops. In 
 many parts it produces two crops of rice annOally, 
 with all forts of other grain, befidcs a variety of fruits 
 and heibs. It abounds with horned cattle, flicep, 
 iin'd all torts of game; and it has many fine rivers, 
 UoreJ with all forts of fifti. Its mountains yield 
 mines of gold, ftlver, copper, and many other 
 metals, and in every province there is plenty of 
 coals. 
 
 The provinces of Pe-chc-li, Kyang-nan, and 
 Shang-ton?, arc in nioft p^rts-flat, and cut into 
 cinals like Holland ; but the northern provinces are 
 more mountainous, bcing^f great extent ; the fouth- 
 (in parts are hot, and thnle to the north cold, but in 
 both the air is generally pure and wholefome. It 
 exceeds all other nations or empires wc know of, in 
 the number of its inhabitants, cities and towns; and 
 Its temples, according to their mode of architecture, 
 aic the moll magniiiient in the world. Their laws 
 are founded upon principles of morality, and their 
 courts of jurtite are regulated with the itrifteft care. 
 
 The coinm<.rce of China, confifts in gold, filver, 
 precious ftones, porcelain filks, cottons, fpice, rhu- 
 barb, bcfides tea and many other articles. The trade 
 ai the provinces with each other ii fo great, that 
 2 
 
 the empire toiild very well exift without any com- 
 merce with Europeans. The Jifuit Licompte tell* 
 us, th.it there arc in China one thoufand four hundred 
 and feventy-two rivers and l.ikes, and upwards of 
 two thoufjiid remarkable mountains. Refides oranges, 
 lemons, and citrons, v.hich come from thence, there 
 are the varnifh tree, the tallow tree for candles ; the 
 iron wood, of which anchors arc m.- le ; and here we 
 find the mufk deer, the man ape, th • go!d filb, very 
 beautiful, and another fifh called the H.iy-fong, very 
 hideous. 
 
 The p'iblic works in China are extremely nume- 
 rous, and (ome of them arc curious, others ffupen- 
 dous, particularly the great wall already mentioned. 
 According to the account which the Jeluits procured 
 from the moft learned men in China, this wall wai 
 built two hundred and fifty years before the incarna- 
 tion of Chrilf, ami it v.'as done in order to prevent the 
 inroads made by the Tartars. 
 
 It is in length one thoufand feven hundred and fc- 
 veiity miles, about twenty-five feet high, .-ind broad 
 enough for fix horfes to travel abreaft. The gre.it 
 c.inal extends three hundred leagues in length, quite 
 through ?he empire, from Kanton to Peking. It 
 was cut about four hundred years ai;o, arul is con- 
 ftantly croiided with fmall veflils, tariyins goods 
 from one plare to another. There arc upwards of 
 three hundred bridges on this celebrated canal, one 
 thoufand one hundred and fifty-nine towers and tri- 
 umphal arches, erefled in memory of great men ; two 
 hundred and feventy-two libraries, and above ftveii 
 hundred halls j thirty-two palaces for the emperors, 
 and thirteen thoufand fix hundred grand houlet 
 for the nobility and magiftrates. All along tht banks 
 of the canal are vaft numbers of fine gardms, 
 laid out in the Chinefc tafte ; and thcfe iire adorned 
 with fummcr-houfcs, pleafant w.ilk«, and the moft 
 refrclhing groves. In thefe the nubility, and proiile 
 of high rank in oflice, divert tlicnifilvcs during the 
 heat of Aim mcr, as thcdeliclAus fruits which grow 
 in them ferve to heighten their pleafurei. 
 
 The citits in China are generally all built on the 
 fame plan, although many of them arc dtfterent in 
 grandeur. Where the ground will permit, they are 
 ^uare, lurToundcd with high walls and toM'crs built 
 at proper diftancct from each etlicr^ and they have 
 
 aitchci. 
 
 a 
 
TRAVELS IN 
 
 ditcher, either wrt or dry, iirconling tn the fituation 
 of tlic |>Ucu. Within tliiir cuiis tliiy have temples, 
 for the wiufhip ul' thrir K"'''t with ^raiiil triuiii|ihnl 
 •rchei, in nicinury of Ciich jjci lOiis as luvu been ot iig- 
 nal frrvicu lu the It.itc. I'luir Kietu iiml (iiu«ie« are 
 broaJ iinil open, but few of the lioiif>« huve any more 
 than die grouiul floor, and none of tliem more than 
 two. Ill tliefe llreet* ar.' iIk ir fh'ips, .iiul beloie the 
 doors of each their gondi arc piled up f<> as to maki 
 a granil appearance. lUfore the door is a pedcUal, 
 with a board iixed upon it, either painted or uilded, 
 with three tharadlcrs, by way of a li;;ii. On this 
 board are painted the names of three or lour forts of 
 Bdodt, and undetncatli that of ilie fliopkctpei hiin- 
 fclf, with the following Words, Pu hu, that is, " he 
 will not (heat you." 
 
 We fhall not pretend to fay wh'.iher the Chiiii-fe 
 always adl confiflent w:tli priiieiplts of honel'y, but 
 probably they do as mueh lo as tiieir iieijhlviurv, ami 
 It IS certain that their laws are well calculated lo 
 promot!' fuch a falutary purpoli;. I'hat which the 
 Romans called the lex lalioiiis, was lung attended to 
 in China, but at prefent it is in a ^re.it dir.rce fallen 
 to decay. 'I'liuj the inuiderer was put to death in 
 the lame manner as he had murdered the decealed ; 
 anJ a liief was fold as a Have, to nial^c a recoinpcnte 
 for til'- lofs of ihellolen goods. C)l old, ami cvciii'u- 
 ling tile lall centurv, the puniftimeiiis they inHietid 
 Up<in criminals were attended with tirrumilaiices of 
 tlie molt horrid barbarity i but whether by rlieir con 
 nedtiuns with the Kuiopeans, or by fonie other iiuaii' , 
 this much is certain, that tlie ferocity of their man. 
 ners begin to wear ott', .ind at prefent they are in many 
 refpects, more civili/ed than the Kullians, only that 
 fhcv aic (lill jealous of permitting (Iraiitrers to fettle 
 amoni; them. With refpect to their titles of nobility, 
 tli.-y are not hereditary in families ; for althouj^h a 
 fon n>ay, and frequently does fuceeed to bis tather's 
 cllate, vet he does not enjoy his honours, for thefe 
 arc bellowed upon other perl'ons i for the emperor 
 civcs I'lem away to whomfoever he pkafes. Perhaps 
 it would be much better if this w.is attended to in 
 other nation-., for by fuch a praiSiice none could have 
 ieaf<m to expedi honours, but thofe whole merits en 
 titled them to the enjoyment of them. 'J'his me 
 thod makes the Chineli: youth lludious to tread tn 
 the fame fteps with their anceliors ; and when they do 
 fo, tiie emperor i;enerally reltores them to their fa- 
 ther's titles. All the princes of the blood royal en- 
 joy titles, but they have no power annexed to them. 
 Kach of them is allowed a palace, with jiroper officers, 
 and every thing becoming; their rank ; but .ilthough 
 the people treat them with the giejtell lefpect, yet 
 thvy are not permitted to poil'efs any place at court, 
 either of honour or profit. 
 
 liut norwithdanding all that has been laid, the em- 
 perors of China are far from being backward in re- 
 warding merit, even when they find inllancesuf it in 
 foreigners. 1111678, Father Verbiell, a t'lcmifli je- 
 fuir, happened to be in China, and being well ac- 
 l^iiaintcd with every thing in allronomy, the emperor 
 f;nt for him, and defired him to draw out tables of thi 
 celcftial motions of the heavenly bodies, and calcula- 
 tions of cclipl'es for two thouland years backwards 
 This the jcfuit completed in thirty-two volumes of 
 maps, and preff nted them to his majedy, whofe name 
 was K.ang-hi , and the emperor was fo much pleafed 
 v.'\th them, thai he caufed them to be placed among the 
 archives of the palace ; and to reward the jefuil for 
 his extraordinary ingenuity, he made him prefidcnt of 
 tlie college of attronomy, with the title of Tau-fln, 
 which in Englilh (ignirics, " (ireat Man :" fuch a 
 title as this is feldum conferred, even on the moft de- 
 ftrviiig of the natives ; but when it is, it extends to 
 all their kindred, even of the moft remote degree of 
 confanguinity. 
 
 Although Verbieft had no relations in China to 
 enjoy this honour, yet all the miinoiiarics palled 
 for his brethren, and were confidered under that title 
 by the maadarins. I'his title of great man, gained 
 
 C H 1 
 
 Sir 
 
 the Jefuitt an eafv adni, ffion into the Co Jt» «nd molt 
 of them had it inlcnlKd I II the di)or» "I' neir ii>>;a.e-' 
 In enry city in China, there .ire (ehutd', v' >ih if eh 
 ers to inllruCt the youth in the fi n nces, ani< >hc (<Mi« 
 of people of falliion li.'ve tuli r-. t<i attend Ihfm. "» 
 thi le leiilinaries of learning, llie y lulh an inilruiSe. 
 tirit in the fundainemal pruKipli-, 1 f thur language i. 
 fiom that th y proitid to ht.ii leclcire- ou nviraii e, 
 according to the Joclrinc ol Coiilui iii- ; aii< lall i.i' 
 all, they arc nude acquainted w iin the laws of their 
 country. 
 
 The employment of a fthool-mafter is counted 
 honourable ; and wlunever the pan nt- t>f the youth 
 mi et them, tlie\ ^ive tl-.iin the light hiiiJ, an I fay, 
 Syew-feng, " (Jur iiialli r, on: doClur :" ,11 d th<ir 
 pupils !iave the "it;hell itlpect I'lr ihrrii as long as they 
 live, and generally make them v dualile pri lent-. 
 
 Although there are no unueifities in Chui.i as in 
 Kurope, yet every city of the liilt ililhrift.n has a 
 place lit apart for the examination ol tnof'e «ho have 
 liieii lTiHi,lit up It the piib;ie leliools, and molt of 
 thefe places are built in the laiV.e manner. I'liry are 
 enrloleJ wiihhii'h w.ill<, the dUijiue is niagnil ceii', 
 and i'elore it is a large Iqii re, on,' niin.lred and lilty 
 paces wide, planted with trees, liami ; beiiclics anil 
 feats for the captain and loldiers who do duty during 
 the time of examination. 
 
 The entrance is firlt into a large court, wher« the 
 mandarins lit inflate, att luled by 'i numerous reti- 
 nue, and at the end of this is another wall, with 
 loliling ^ates. Thele gates be ng opened, thireisa 
 liridj^e over a canal, which leads to a third gate, 
 where guards arepliiited, who let none In without: 
 ordiis Irom the projicr officers i pafliiig through thii 
 gate, there is a narrow pall'agc leading to a broad 
 open fqiiare, on both fidts of which are a valt num- 
 ber of little chambers elofc together, tour leet .md a 
 half long, and about three and a half broad, for the 
 Itudents to lodge in, who arc on fon.e partiiular 
 occafiuns above fix thoufand in nuinbtr. As alt thefe 
 (ludtntj are obliged to compofe their themes Without 
 any afliflance from others, that there may be no 
 deception with lel'peiil to their knowledge, they are 
 Hopped when they come to the gate, and learchcd, left 
 any papers Ihould be found upon them : if in fucli 
 cales any fraud was difcovcred, the youth would not 
 only be excluded from all conneiftiuns with the 
 learneil, but he would alio be punilhed as an impoltor. 
 When every ime is examined, the gates are Ihut up, 
 and the public feal affixed to them ; and there are 
 officers appointed to fee that every thing is coiidiiiile>l 
 in a proper manner, and that the ftudents may not go 
 out of their chambers to (peak to each otlicr ; for tins 
 would in all refpedts deprive them of the benefit of 
 their degrees. 
 
 At the end of the narrow palTagc above mentioned, 
 there is a tower erciSed upon four arclies, and flanked 
 w ith lour turrets or a fort of round Joni-.'s; from whieh, 
 if any dilluibance is perceived, a drum is immedi.ucly 
 beaten to alarm the guaids, that the difordcr may be 
 remedied. Near this tower there arc fevcral apart- 
 ments, and a great hall, in which thofe air.'mble whu 
 are to be prefent at their iirit examination. Pafling 
 through this hall, there is another nearly adjoining to 
 it, but more magnificently furnifhed, with divers 
 apartinents for the prefidents and principal officers. 
 There are alio galleries, a garden, and many little 
 apartments for the mandarins, fccietaries, and other 
 inferior officers whofe bufmtfs it is to attend. In the 
 apartments are beds, tire places, kitchen furniture, 
 with every thing II. ceflary- for the reception of the 
 txamirwrs ; becaufe many of them come from very 
 diliant parts, auJ thcieforc it is but realbnable that 
 they (liould be fupportcd at the public ex pence. 
 
 "I'he prefidents before whom the youth sre -;xa- 
 mined, are the Fu-ywen, the Chi-fi, and th? Chi- 
 byen, who are governors of prorince; and cities, of 
 the firlt and third rank. As foon as the ftudents 
 have palled the examination of the mandarins, they 
 muft begin witn that of the Cbi-byen, in whoie 
 
 jarifdi^iol^ 
 
 •m: 
 
SI* 
 
 TRAVELS In china. 
 
 jurirJIAion they wcrrbnrn. In rvrry province thrrr 
 II » mandarin, who \\ lent lo ri'iiJe in the p.il.ii'r hy 
 the emperor, and at the end or three years lie rtiilnis 
 lo Peking. When thcl'e manJarini arrive in the pro- 
 vince allotted for them, the firit thins thcr du is u> 
 oflVr upfacrificet toCunfuciut i for aulidiigh this ic- 
 Icbrated perlun i« allowed to have been a hunun hcin^', 
 yet divine hbnuuri are paid him. After thin ;ill the 
 ltudent« are broiiglit together, along with dicir teacli- 
 erj, and examined with rclpcc't to the prugrtli thrv 
 have nude in learning ; and il they are apprnved oi, 
 then they .Tie fent up to the thief city in the province, 
 to receive their degrees. 
 
 But the molt remarkable thin;; it, that the fame 
 mandarins wlio examine the (tudints in the common 
 fciences, likcwife examine the cai!i.ts in military tlil- 
 cipline ) and thcle military cadets cannot be admitted 
 into any ofRce, nor have a coinmllCon in the .irmy, 
 till they have given the utnioft proof of their abilities 
 ill riding, ftisoting, fencing, and fucli like manly 
 cxercifes. This mandarin, whole title is Hi-yo-taii, 
 delivers themes to the (ludenis, who arc obliged to 
 return anfwers within a limited time, otherwife they 
 will be expelled from the (eat of learning ) he is alio 
 obliged to viflt every city, town, and viTl.ige, in the 
 province, and iranfmit to Pckinj; an account of what 
 coniei under his notice. This is fuch a plan of ex- 
 cellent policy, as ought to be imitated by all thole 
 nations whoever heard any account of it. 
 
 The mandarin generally divides, his ftuJents into fix 
 clafles, whom he vifits once every year ; and it at the 
 third examination anyfhould happen to be abfent with- 
 out afligning a reafonablecaufe for it, they will be in 
 danger of lofing their degrees. All tholi; who have 
 had their degrees, go once in three years to Peking, 
 to hear the public examinations, unfefs they arc in 
 office, and then they are excufed. On thefc occa- 
 fions the cmprror is prcfent, and dictates qucltions to 
 the young gentlemen. 
 
 In China, the hufbandmcn arc treated with great 
 refpeft, and confulercd, as they always ought to be, as 
 worthy members of fociety. They are preferred to all 
 forts of merchants and mechanics : their profeflion 
 being accounted the mod neceflary in the Oate. 
 Moft of their children are brought up at the public 
 expencc, for they look upon the cultivation of the 
 earth as the principal means of human exigence. 
 Great part of their hufbandry confifts in rice, and 
 they manure their land extremely well ; gathering, 
 for that purpofe, all fuch things as can be of any fcr- 
 vicc to il, fuch as rotten herbs, linfecdoil, and ma- 
 ny other things. This fort of manure, which in 
 fome countries would burn up the plants, is of great 
 fervice in China, where they have the art of temper- 
 ing it with water, before they ufc it. They gather 
 the dung in pails ; which thr.y commonly carry co- 
 vered on their (honldcrs ; and this contributes very 
 much to the clcannefs of their cities, the tilth being 
 taken away every day. The induftry of thofe hul- 
 baiidmen is almotl incredible ; but fuch is the kind- 
 nefs of the foil, that it repays them amply for their 
 trouble, by producing generally two crops in the 
 year of different forts of grain. 
 
 The number of merchants and traders in China 
 is exceeding great j for into whatever town one en- 
 ters, there litem to be more fellers than buyers : they 
 are all very obliging, and will not rcfufc money, lo 
 as they can be in the Icafl gainers. When they once 
 tell the lowed price of their goods, they will not 
 abate any thing ; notwithft.inding all the arguments 
 that might be ufcil for tliat purpt)li.'. We are told 
 by Le-Comptc, that there arc no people in the world 
 better acquainted v«ith trade than the Chinel'e : fur 
 they are very infinuating in their manners, and their 
 cagernefs to get money puts them daily upon the 
 invention of fome new fchemes. They turn every 
 thing to advantage, and undertake the moft difficult 
 voyages for the leaft hope of gain. They have a 
 mean opinion of foreign merchants, it being a max- 
 im with them, in their commerce, that all thofe 
 
 who come to iraJc with (hem, would li;ur tlu'ir 
 goods lor as little as pi;lhhle, oi even lor iiolhun; at 
 all it (hry coulJ. 
 
 ILiving laid tlius mudi loncrrniiig China in gene- 
 ral, we Ih.ill pruciid to j;ni' .i more p.iilKuUr at:, 
 count lit It in the woidsot the travtllirs ihiiijli'lvcn. 
 
 " The tiiK place we canu- to (f.iys Itraiid, tciie. 
 tary til the Kiilll.in aniballador} was a lortilicd (own 
 on the Coiilini's of the proviiKC of Ouuri, iiihabittd 
 by the ruin;iits, a luJe people, Immerly \vuh<iiii any 
 form o( j;ineriiiiicntj but now liilijiCt to the Clmiele j 
 for all that p,ut of Dauri lyiiij; on the other li'leot the 
 river Aijiiiiii, is fubjeCt to the RiilJi.ins. Wc found 
 molt ot (tie people here employed In hufhaiidry, and 
 we law l.ir'e erops of barely, Oals, and tobacco. Al- 
 ter we had Ipcnt three d.iys more in tr.ivelliiig through 
 the defan, we came to ilie villaj'.e of Siittcgat j where 
 being nut hv the Adogeda, or niiiiilter, who had aluiiij 
 with him .ibout fifty perlons, he united us to hi» 
 tent the lame evcningi where he treated us with niilk- 
 tea, and lome fwcctnicats .ind preferves. Ntxt day, 
 the adogeda liavin;^ invited the aniballador to dinnei, 
 he met him at fome diltaiue from his tent, and, atlet a 
 mutual fdule, conducted him thither. 
 
 The dinner was I'erved up, on a Iniall table, with- 
 out a table-i loth i the amballador, and the :ulo;;edaj 
 h iviii" each his own dilh, as had every one of the lilt. 
 Our ilitlies weic tilled with foup :uul mutton ; aiul liic 
 feeond courle was pottaj^e witli a kind ot puililini; iii 
 it, long and thick like a (.;ut. 'Iluie lieing no knives 
 or forks, we were at tirlt greatly at a lots, till wc taw 
 the adoi^eda take two llrai^ht ttieks of etiony, tipped 
 with gold and filver at the end, and about a ijuaiii r of 
 a yard in length ; with thele he took the viCluaU out 
 of thedilhes, and having bit a laige moiithtui, let the 
 reft fall into the dilh again. Alter dinner, two lilver 
 cups filled with brandy were brought in, one fur the 
 adogeda, and the other for the amballador, which 
 they both drank off j and we who attended, v^-eie It-rveil 
 in China cups with the fame liquor, which wc were 
 obliged to drink to the bottom, and then we had a 
 dilh of fwcetmeats fervcd up. 
 
 Having relied ourfelves two days longer, till Septem- 
 ber the 14th, the amballador invited the adognlato 
 dinner, and we found that our provifions leemcii as 
 Itrange to them, as theirs did to u«. After dinner the 
 adogeda and ambafliidor, by the help of the interpreter, 
 converted very friendly together, and then we touiid 
 what our allowance was to be from the court. The 
 emperor had ordered the adogeda to furnilh us with 
 carriages and all torts of provifions that we lliould 
 want, fuch as bread, mutton, brandy, and milk-tea, 
 io that we were not in want of any thing. ^V'e t'oui.d 
 all the inhabitants in this part of the country the 
 grofl'eft pagans we ever met with j for they worlhippcd 
 the devil in the night, with the molt horrid outcries. 
 Their houfes arc beth coiuenient and neat, and moft 
 of them procure a fuhfitlencc by planting tobacco. 
 On the 16th, the ambalFador fent the adogeda a 
 prcfent of forty fables, fifty ermines, with two fine 
 looking glall'cs, and fevcral other things ; but it wag 
 dilHcult to perluade him to accept of them, for the 
 Chinel'e have very high notions of honour, it be- 
 ing a maxim with them never to accept of a prcfent 
 without niakini; a double return. 
 
 September 7. 1 II, the adogeda fent the ambaflador 
 fix tables with fweetmeats, and feveral bottles of 
 brandy J and invited us to dinner on the 23d, as we 
 did hini on the 24th. On the zgth, our carriages be- 
 ing got ready, we proca'ded on our journey, and Ipent 
 the two next days at a village, where wc were treated 
 with great hofpitalify J for it ought to be mentioned, 
 to the honour of the Chinefe, that they are very obli- 
 ging toltrangers. We found many inllanccsof this, 
 for all the wliile we palled through thedefart, we were 
 accommodated with very conunient lodgings, and 
 where-cvcr we arrived at night, fcrvants were ordered to 
 attend us with what kitchen utcnfils wc wanted, and 
 in the morning they conducted us part of ourjoutr 
 ney. We were furc to have frclh horfcs every other 
 I 4ay 
 
 J ft 
 
TRAVELS IM CHINA. 
 
 i^ 
 
 ity, »nil Wf were eonft«ntly giurdnl In the niRht by ^ "i, i (h« nearer we »ppro«ch*.l the Chintfe wall, rli< 
 pir|im« who liiiJ btlUtosiv! the «l >"•'" if thcrr Ihoii'il country ^ppcaird inon- dind mnre |v.puli in j iitul nur 
 t .iiiV luttfliry f'>r it. (.)ur c'Mivrrf.itioM with ih UlHhtir ,ljy« j'UriK-y, bi fon.- we i<(it ('ii;ht ot it, vvn 
 
 hy a r(i.iil 1 III ;i'iv coincniriitty thi lu^h ihi u *%, 
 III the mitjd of which w.w a city, cut (ii>t of a niniiii- 
 i.iiii, c.illiil K >r.i- R itdii. Ill ihi> pl.».<' wi' wi :' .il- 
 liiwril hii;;, iiili. ,\cl ' Ih Pi .inil It iiMv iKit b> iiii< 
 
 •any lUdfliry for it. (.)ur coiivrrf.itioM with ih 
 adu^ril.i tiiintj moftly upon piilitic«, whirl' rmlcil 
 chiefly HI praifc«f th'- Chin ■!<■ i lor, lilie ino(l olh' r 
 pcnplf, ihry »rf fXtrrnitly (oiiil o| fl.titrry. 
 
 Th.-chiet Jifflcully we h.ul to (Wii.-.^lc with .v.is the 
 fcarcilyof wmr, for it 11 viiy niu lily 111 thi <li(4ii, 
 fo thJt wh ii^vrr we met with iiiy lh.it wi^ fr<(h, wc 
 Werr i)bli;;f'l i'>lil| iiur liMthir botile? wiih it. 
 
 Wr Irinu.n' iy tlivirttd oiirltlvc* wiih huntm ^ i 
 which 1 vij< iicc in d.in ;ir ot hiviiii; paul Hi n 
 for. Hivi i;onr nui "lie niornint; with a p.ii- 
 ticular iMenii of iiiiiir, to (liooi (oni-- lh'"P, we 
 milTeil our oir.ivan, ami rddf ah.ni' th- ihlJit two 
 days .11. 1 n;o;hi«, lill coniint? withni fii'Jit of luini 
 Tart.iri.in nu' , we wim riuuli .ili id, aiil fought to 
 conceal ourfilv.:*, Ull tiny il) nild h;i\ ■ mtinlcrrd us. 
 Biit wc ha'l forn\cH 101 h.. Ill noiioii* of tholepin 
 pie I for no foomr'lid ih' y (•t- w, iliin they con- 
 dudei ui tolheir cabini or huts "here, b-yoodonr 
 expect itions, iliey treat -d uh veiy oiili -iii^ly, and h'v- 
 inghy (ijjn. made them uno'rl'ind mat wc bclonpd 
 totheRulTian amb. fliidoi , tluy fent a iHLllin^'cr t 
 give h m notice ut our bfina there j ami ihit wc 
 waited for his eomini;, which ac accorilin^ly did till 
 the caravan p.iflid thai wny." 
 
 From what is here r-latcd by thr f-'crrtary, we find 
 that Europeans are apt to ulc too h irih expnllions 
 in calling all heathem favapes i for ulihou^jh tli.ir 
 manners are nftt fo retined ai our', iheir vie s .n,- ooi fu 
 numerous, Notwilhrtandin^ fomc of .huiinia) com 
 mil robbery, and murder travellers, yet we 11 ulf iioi 
 fuppofe ihim all equally guilty ; and jiriibably tholi 
 wh'tdocominit furh crimen, arc fuch a« their own I iws 
 would punilh. V/.; have but too little re iloii to con 
 demii them, while fuch crimes arc d ily eommittcd 
 amonpft ourfelves, of which it would bt in vain to 
 proJucc inllancej. In all accounts of thcle penple, wc 
 ftould judge In the molf candid manner; lor if the 
 Chinele have not been able to civili/.' thofp Tartars 
 fubj"ft to them, neither dues it appi.-.r that we hive 
 made many improvements in the niaiiiicrs of thole 
 heathens wlitre we have feltlements. 
 
 Oftobtr 15, wc arrived near the banks of the river 
 Cafuinur, which falls into the river N.uin i where 
 having refreflied ourfelves for twenty- four hours, we 
 continued our journey, and on the lOtli p.ifled in fight 
 of 'he ruin of feveral antient citKs, the remains 
 of tli.m having fome ftrange fi^jures upon thrm, very 
 different from any that arc to he foiiinl in Lurope. 
 They t.ild us that thole place'; had been dLltroyed by 
 Alexander the (Jreit i hut although Ciiiiiiiiu> Cur- 
 tius tells us, ihat the Grecian conqurior exienJeil 
 his conqucfts into India, yet no ni.o, who has the 
 leaf! Itnoalcdf^e of the country, on rccolUiiHiig th. 
 (hort time that hero lived, who dud in the j^d year 
 of his age, will ever believe that he went lo far a- 
 China. At the fame places we (aw lar;;e ftoiie pil- 
 lars, with bells hanging on them, winch made a noiie 
 as often as the wind blew upon them. A little be- 
 yond thefc we diCcovcred the ruins of fomc places, 
 with the figuies of men, women, and Iwafts cut on 
 ilone, but could not learn for what re;ifnn they had 
 been fet up. The molt probable conjeiilure we could 
 form was, they had been fet up in memory of fome 
 illiiftrious p< r(()ns, whofc names arc not recorded i.i 
 hiftorv, and that all this <lcva(lation happened when 
 the Tartars invaded China, or when the Chinefe 
 foiight againll each ' ;. it, as was frequently the cali.-. 
 
 I'here were vart m nbers of wild Ihccp, deer, and 
 liacs, all the way aloiigas we ciolTed the delart, and 
 wc had leave to (hoot as many of them a« wc thought 
 proper. There were likewife vaft numbers of phca- 
 fants, but as they did not fit upon the boughs of the 
 trees, fo we found it a difRcult matter to catch them ; 
 but the talios, or fecretary, whom the adogcdahad 
 brought along with him, was very expert In thatex- 
 ercife, and we were furpri.'ed to fee how eafily the 
 Chinefe could flioot any fowls flying. Wc obferved 
 Vol). I. No, 50. 
 
 L/U> lll\^ V'.OVVV ill^l>' .-."III. UIIUKIIIL tJLII'L;! 
 
 I they have lery conlufed and urols noiiima 
 ng him. When they bury their diail, they 
 
 p-r loobl i v> , ill .t alllioii^li the C .iin Ir Iv .'S aia 
 ii'ii lar'^e, y i tii.y are lo (o, ihat tlirlr hillic> hanij 
 .'own lo the , r uinil. A«thefe rocics ihion h which 
 we paffed, aie liiftlJed with ty(;er«, Kop.iid", and 
 pamiK-i , i- Was oii!''red ih.it noiu lliould l'..vc ilia 
 earavm , unlel's ihr.-w re it le.iK thlie in lompinyj 
 indliie-arms :iloii;; Willi iheni i tor iioilorn '" 'nine 
 I o'liinon than |oi ilwile wild bealt* lo iliv n'l rn.ls 
 p.ifl" ngers, lit wtuv-h ihrre will be many ihllalice* ic- 
 cii'd III liiecoiirle ot ihi, work. 
 
 Having p.illed ih' fe r'.ck«, we had t good ]• iimey 
 ij ih Cliiii'le w.ill, <nd here we h.id .m oppoiliiniiy 
 of iiukini; fome ini|ii'ries into ilie ceumi.i n of the 
 .Vl.iuiul Tartar*, who inniibil tin le pirt'.. They 
 have iheir donu ilic idols, to whom they oH'er up fa- 
 mtices; but they b'.licve there is one Supreme Heingj 
 althoUp'h 
 concerning 
 
 place a coik upon the lid of the ci ffin, and tins in- 
 duced us to beli. vr that iheh. he. ;hiin have (o,. r no- 
 tion, fi-^ni !ra! ■' t'( a 'cfuirtition. The cri'Wi;ig 
 of the cock IS generally i ligii o( the approich (I iho 
 morninjj ; and proh biy they do this to point out the 
 morning of the relurrcftion. This hov«iver i« only 
 memijnid by way of conjicturej b'eaufo we found 
 nanv other thiir;s of a (mgiilar iiatiiti, vvhiih we 
 ."iilJ not eafiK I'ccount for. Inlted the nioll rc- 
 ■ aikable thing we nut V ith here was, .1 .M' iigul 
 mm, .ind fhe was Ircijur'nily at her pr.iycrs, wall her 
 hook in hi: hands, litin^ .iflccd, b' he anil.ifl'..d.'r< 
 to whom (lie offered herpravi'rs) (lie .iitwerrd, " Td 
 thelameCiod, v.lio biing excluded Irom heaven by 
 yourCjoJ, will at lilt r.turii, and put your (ludout 
 of bis place, and thon you will li:e procfigious altcrii- 
 tions on thiscjith." 
 
 Ml. Krand, the (irretary, h.is made no remarks upon 
 •hisexprjTion I f the nun, which is the mor- to ba 
 wondirtd at, b caufe he n tor tlie mofl part viiy ju- 
 ilieioiis, and (i.enis to have been a man of veiy tx- 
 tentivc knowledi;c. Let the iiitelliecnt rcador I'Ut at- 
 ti lid (miy a few uimites to the Wdr';-, n:id he will 
 Hnd that thev ha\e a near affinity with II. e pagan my- 
 thology, which tiaches, that ilu relvlii. us gods were 
 driven out of beavin ; nay, it may he added fjrih.r^ 
 that this tradition itfelf w.imio rithei than a mutilated 
 account of the fallen angels. Hut to return to our 
 traveller. 
 
 " Oi-loher J7, towards evening, wc got fight of 
 ihe famous Chiiiele wall, and it was the mi (I Itupen- 
 doii; work we hid ever feen. Near ihe fird gate wc 
 entered at, the wall fecmed rather decayed ; and a little 
 farther wc pallid through anoihei gate, which w..s for- 
 tifieil, in the form of a baltion. W,. (j.iflld two more 
 ;.;ates, and ov.r th ihiid w .is a gii.ird of foldi-rs, who 
 arcccndanily placed there in order to fprcad . n .ilarmj 
 in cafe the Alongul Tartar fhould attempt 10 make 
 an ittack. Scaicc had wi p.ifUd a niili with n thefe 
 ;ates, when we came to a (Ironj town called Cjalyra, 
 and near it we met witli the fi.'lt idol of the Chinefe, 
 ot which they h.ive vj(i numbers, not only in the 
 empire at large, but likewife in every ciiv, town 
 and village. The idols we faw at this place had a 
 moft dreadful afpeiif, having ("pears in their hands, 
 and lurroundcd with all the impli ments of war. 
 
 Oi^ober 28, we p.-ifled by another ChMi'-Ce city, 
 and in the evening arrived at the city of Xaniuning, 
 where we were I'plcnJidly en'ertained by the governor^ 
 and officers both civil and mililaiy, in the fame man- 
 ner .If wc^ad been in all the places through which we 
 pafTeJ. Muficians were ordered to divert us, and the 
 evc'aing was fpcnt in the nioft agreeable manner. 
 
 On the 29th wc came to the city of Xun-gu-kou, 
 
 where we were diverted with a farce, on a ftage ercflei 
 
 7 M lot 
 
5<»o 
 
 TRAVELS 
 
 I N 
 
 CHIN A. 
 
 for that purpofc. Hercwefaw, in one of their tem- 
 ples, a goJdefs of ftonc, 118 feet high, with 700 
 hands ; and as we frequently went into their temples, 
 we foufii' all their idols richly drefled, but with the 
 miitl frightful countenances. Near this place were 
 many <epulchres of the dead ; and on the joth of 
 October, meeting a great many men and woiiien on 
 the road followingan idol, preceded by pipers, ilriim- 
 mers, and other muflcians, wv aftced the adogeda 
 what they meant by it f He told us :hat they were 
 going to perforin their devotions at a fepulchre, and 
 that they were obliged to take their god along with 
 them. \Vc learned afterwards, that this is a common 
 prailicc in China, much in the fame manner as it was 
 with the Greeks of old, and other heathen nations 
 thinughout many parts of the world, as appears by 
 the te(fimony ot travellers. 
 
 The fame day we came in fight of a fpacious place 
 called the Red City, and famous for being the bury- 
 ing place of many of their princes and emperors in 
 antient timis. We lodged that night in a village, and 
 as fome extraordinary bufinel's detained the adogeda 
 in the place, we fct out in the morning without him ; 
 hut btfore we hrd travelled far, his lieward came up, 
 and defired us to tarry a little in the place where we 
 were ; his maftcr being on the road to overtake us, 
 we fpent this lime in taking a view of one of their 
 tempks, where we faw three of the adogeda's fervants 
 prollrating themfelves before an idol that ftood in the 
 middle, and two others that ftood on both fides of it. 
 We were much furprileil to find a people, who in 
 many things are undoubtedly ingenious, and more 
 acquainted with learning than cither the Maho- 
 metans or many o'her people in the world, fuch 
 grols idolaters ; for wherever we went, we found 
 temples ere£led, and the number of their gods Teemed 
 almoftendlifs. 
 
 November the ad, we came to the city of Tunko, 
 famous for its traffick in Porcelain, and here we were 
 again fumptuoudy entertained with all forts of mufic, 
 and we had a play acted in the evening; the a£lors 
 bcins; in the richeft dreflcs we had ever feen. 
 
 The next evening wc came near to the fuburbs of 
 Peking, the capital city of China, wher" wc were 
 met by many perl'ons of high rank from the emperor's 
 court. November the 4th, the ambaflador made his 
 public entry into Peking, in the following order : 
 About one hundred peace officers t« clear the fttcets ; 
 thcfe were followed by a party of the emperor's 
 guards, with drums, trumpets, and other forts of 
 martial mufick. Behind them walked the adogeda, 
 who had condu£fcd us from the borders of China. 
 And then the ambafl'ador himfelf, with two of the 
 emperor's ofHcers of ftate on each hand. And we, 
 who compofed his retinue, clofed the proceflion. We 
 were alt lodged in the court, as is the cuftom for am- 
 bafladors from Ruflia to China. -Here we lodged till 
 November the 12th, when the adogeda came to inform 
 the ambafl'ador, that he was to have an audience the 
 next day, and therefore dcfircd him to have his cre- 
 dentials ready. He alJced him at the lame time. Who 
 were to carry the prefcnts .' I'he ambaflador told him, 
 the Coflacks I which did not feem to pleafe the 
 sdogeda ; for he would rather have had them carried 
 by Chinefc fervants; but this the ambaOador would 
 ..-.ot comply with. 
 
 It was, however, November the 14th, before we 
 could get every thing ready ; ano .hen we proceeded 
 to court in the fcdlowing order : Fifteen Coilacks 
 carrying the prefents,- followed by one of the mailers 
 of the jewel-office to the Fmperor of Rtiffia ; and he 
 was followed by myfelf as fccietary of the embafTy, 
 carrying the credentials : the ambafl'ador came next, 
 attended by four adogedas ; and in the rear marched 
 the reft of the gentlemen belonging to the embafl'y. 
 Coming to the caflle, we alighted from our hotCes, 
 and walked in through a long narrow paflage, arched 
 on the top, and at each end was a ftrong folding gate. 
 Within the inner gate, we came to a fpacious ftonc 
 bridge, abgut fixty paces iti length, and on each fide 
 
 was a wall not above three feet high ; but ailotned 
 with a grc-it number of images cut in ftone. Kevond 
 the bridge we pafled through a bro.nd (parlous court, 
 where wc faw two large pillars wroiiiiht verv artifici- 
 ally, and aelorned with a variety of Injures, tievoud 
 this court, we «cre conducted into the moft fpacious 
 ?nd elegant hall I have ever fccn ; and there ue f.iw 
 tables pliiccd, with ht.lftcrson the ground for us to fit 
 on, whiih is tlie eullc HI in China, particulailv with 
 Itich as are treated with more thanoidinary refpicl. 
 
 Wc had not been fiateil above ten minute'-, when 
 we faw the great minifters of ftate enter the hall, and 
 the emperor walking behind them, and into lii.s own 
 hands the credentials were delivered. The prefcnts 
 were given to the adogeda, who ordered them to be 
 laid upon the tables; and then the four great officers 
 of ftate walked forwards, and falulcd the ambafl'ador. 
 They enquired very particularly concerning the health 
 of the czar ; and told the atnbafl'ador, that the cre- 
 dentials (hould be imnudiately tranflaled, and an an- 
 Iwer given to them. F'his ceremony being over, we 
 were rc-ctmducted to the ambafliidor's lodgings in the 
 fame manner we came; and within three hours after, 
 two adogedas came to let the amb-nlFador know, that 
 the czar's letters had been received with more than 
 ordinary fatisfaclion at court, and that the emperor 
 had lent all lorts of moft delicious prtivifions for him 
 and his retinue for that day, brcaufe we were to dine 
 with the emperor on the day follow ing. This was an 
 honour wc did not expect, and the adogeda did not 
 tail to let IIS know that few anibnlTaelors had ever 
 been indulged with fuch a privilege. 
 
 Next day we went in proceflion to the palace in the 
 fame manner as before, and being feated again on 
 pillows, in the hall already mentioned, the emperor, 
 attended by the fame officers as before, came forwards, 
 and welromed the ambafl'ador with a very heartv faliite. 
 Four tables were immediately brought in, two of 
 which were covered with forty filver dilhes, filled 
 with all forts of iweetmeats, for the anibafliidor ; and 
 the other two which had likcwife fweetmcats on them, 
 and mutton, were for us who belonged to his retinue. 
 After dinner we were treated with the liquor called 
 milk-tea, in wooden diflies, which, when we had 
 drank off the liquor, were rc-delivered to the fervants 
 with a low inclination of the head. The ambafl'ador 
 was no fooner rifen from table, than all the fweet- 
 meais were given to the Cofl'acks, who carried them 
 away w hen we left the palace. The whole of this 
 entertainment was conduced with fo much decorum 
 and fobrieiy, that we could not help forming very 
 high notions of Chinefe politenefs. It is true, there 
 were many ceremonies obferved, but they were not 
 impoled on u.'^, nor did they blame us for not com- 
 plying with what we did not underftand. Two days 
 after we had dined with the emperor, his firft minifter 
 of ftate, accompanied by f<;veral of the officers of 
 court, waiteel on the ambafl'ador, who entertained 
 them with very good mufick, to their no fmall fatif- 
 faction and pleaiure. The ambafl'ador likewife pre- 
 fented the tlorgamba, or chief minifter, with a large 
 looking-glafs, two fmaller ones, two watches, with 
 fome other things, fuch as fables, black foxes flcins, 
 ermines, and other Siberian commodities, which 
 were accepted of in the moft obliging manner. 
 
 November the iSth, two heralds came from the 
 palace, to invite us to dine again with the emperor; 
 and we were conduced to the hall where wc had dined 
 before. The ambafl'ador, with fourteen of his 
 retinue, being feated on the pillows, the officers of 
 ftate already mentioned, came in; and after the mu- 
 tual compliments were over, alked the ambafTaJor, 
 if ho could fpcak Latin ? He anfwered, he eould not ; 
 they then alked if any one in his retinue could, an^l 
 being tolel there was one, but he was afraid he could 
 not hold a long convcrfation, they went away, leav- 
 ing us to wait for the emperor. We waited in the 
 hall five hours, when the adogeda came, and ron> 
 dueled us through three fine gates, and as many fpa- 
 cious courts. In the middle court was a beautiful 
 ■^ fifli- 
 
TRAVELS IN CHINA, 
 
 W» 
 
 fifti-pon<] filled with clear water, and over it a noble 
 bridge, fupporccd by five lofty ardies. 
 
 Ai foon as we entered the prefence chamber, we 
 found the emperor fcalcdon his throne ; and the am- 
 baflador »as condu(tted by the aJogcda, and featcd 
 bi-lidchimon his right hand. 
 
 The room, which w s very lofty, and adorned with 
 many marble Itatues, was Ailed with vail numbers ui' 
 courtiers, carrying the emperor's arms on their brealls 
 and biwks wrought in gold. Juft oppofitc the door 
 of this room we had a view of the feraglio on the one 
 hand, and the imperial temple on the other. The 
 ambalTaclor's retinue Itood behind him, and oppofite 
 the four chief niinifters of ftate. Near the throne 
 <luod a guard of forty pcrfons, alldrefl'ed in one uni- 
 form manner, holding in their hands halberts, pikes, 
 and battle-axes. We had not fat long when we faw 
 a table brought in, covered very thick with large 
 di{hes of gold, filled with fweetmeats, grapes, ap- 
 ples, pears, chefnuts, China oranges, citrons, and 
 «thcr fruits. Every one took care to obfcrve when 
 the emperor began to eat ; and having gently inclined 
 their heads, they eat likcwife. 
 
 Several tables were fet for thcarnhnflador's retinue, 
 with large diihcs of filvcr, filled with Iweetmeats, 
 and fuch other things as had been ferved up for the 
 emperor. The perfons who waited at tiible were 
 richly drelTed, which furprifed us much ; but we 
 learned afterwards tlial thefc were officers of rank at 
 court. 
 
 After dinner, which lafted three hours, two very 
 large cups of brandy being prcfented to the emperor, 
 he commanded the dorganiba, and another of his chief 
 ininillers, to conduct the ambaflador to the throne; 
 and he being come upon the fteps, the dorgamba gave 
 one of thele cups to the ambafiador, defiring him to 
 make a low bow with his head, and then drink it off at 
 one draught. This being done, fcveral jefuits came 
 into the room, and fpoke in Latin to the amballador, 
 and he anfwercd them in Italian, that he tvasnot well 
 acquainted with Latin. It happened that one of the 
 jefuits underftood Italian, and by order of the em- 
 peror, he afked the ambafl'ador fevcral qucflions ; as. 
 How long he had left Mofcow i what wars were car- 
 rying on in Europe i ^d whether the Czar was en- 
 gaged in any ol them i with many others of a fimilar 
 nature. All thcfe being anfwered and explained to 
 the emperor, the ambafiador was re-condu<ited to the 
 throne, and we in our turn ordered to -ftand before the 
 emperor, and drink a gold cup full of brandy each. 
 Returning to our feats, we had milk-tea fet before 
 us to drink. The tables being removed, the adogcda 
 condufled us into another room, that we might not 
 fee the emperor delceiid from the throne, that being 
 contrary to the laws of China, becaufe by that is 
 pointed out his being dethroned, which noiion like 
 wife prevails in other parts of the eaft. 
 
 The royal family of China are dcfcended from the 
 Mongul Tartars, and the emperor who treated us 
 with fo much magnificence, was of a brown com- 
 plexion, tall, and about fifty years of age. After 
 he left the throne, he came into the room where we 
 were, and ordered all that was left of the fweet- 
 meats to be given to the fcrvants. By this time it 
 was drawing towards evening, and we were re-con- 
 dudU'd to the ambalFador's lodgings. <vherc we made 
 iHir remarks upon* Chinefe magnificc.ce 3P.d hofpi- 
 ' tality, nor did wo know which to commend moft. 
 
 In this manner we fpent the time in a continual 
 round of fcaftine, till December ii, when we were 
 invited to be prelent at a grand folemnity, it being 
 theil.iy on which the Chinefe Inrds pay their homage 
 to the emperor. They proftratcf'. themfelves fevcral 
 times before him, and knocked their heads againft the 
 ground. This ceremony being over, we were again 
 entertained as before, and in the evening theadogeda 
 condui^led us to fee a play adled. It was fomewhat 
 like our European opera, there being much mufic in 
 it, and the aAion was tragic, but it was impoflible 
 for us to know upon wb*t it was founded. After the 
 ; «. I ' - 
 
 play was over, there was fonicthing adled lilcc a rnrce^ 
 confiftiiig chiefly of legerdemain tricks, and levi ral 
 other feats of dexterity. 
 
 The jefuits, of whom there were eight in Pekin» 
 at that time, treated us with a fine dinner, and t\\t 
 imball'ador returned the compliment within a (c\^ 
 lays afterwards. We continued at the court of 
 Peking upwards of fourmontlis, \vl>cn having fettUd 
 every thing relating to our embafly, wj were le-con- 
 dudfed out of the empire to the borders of Rullia, in 
 the moll honourable manner, having had carriage!*, 
 horfts, and provifions allowed us." 
 
 Such is the narrative of Mr. Brand, who returned 
 home to Rullia with his ambafl'ador. And we fhall 
 now give a delcription of the imperial city of I'ekingj 
 from the learned jefuits. Father Du Haldc, and I'a- 
 ther Le Compte. 
 
 It is called Peking, which fignifies the Court of 
 the North, it being the ordinary refidence of the em- 
 peror's, who removed from the fouth to fettle here, 
 about the year- 1405, in order to watch the motions of 
 the Tartars. It is the capital of the empire, fituated 
 in a mod delightful plain, twenty leagues from tho 
 great wall. It is almod fquarc, and is divided into 
 two equal parts. That where the emperor's palace 
 (lands is named Lau-Ching, or the Old City. It is 
 alfo called the Tartar city, becaufe the houfes are in- 
 habited by the Tartars, as are likewife the lands a- 
 round it ; and they have ever been exempted from 
 taxes fincc the prcfcnt royal family came to the throne^ 
 the emperor being defcended from thofe people, 
 
 The fecond is called Lingo-Ching, or the New 
 City i becaufe the Chinefe retired from the old city, 
 and fettled here when the prefcnt family took pof- 
 feflion of the empire. Both thele cities, taken toge- 
 ther, are about eighteen Englilh miles in circumfe- 
 rence, and are encompaflcd with ilrong walls. I'hofs 
 of the old city are ftately, and worthy of the greateit 
 capital city in the world ; but thofe of the new city 
 are narrow, and have nothing in them remarkable. 
 The walls of the old city are made with an afccnt } 
 and there are houfes for the foldiers to do duty in, at 
 proper diftances from each other. 
 
 I'he ditch is dry, but very broad and deep, and 
 every thing is kept in the fame order as if they 
 were continually in fear of an enemy. The gates of 
 the city are nine in number, and they are high and 
 well arched, with pavilions over them. Their pavi- 
 lions arc nine ftories high, and each flory is furnifhed 
 with loop-holes ; the lower ftory forming a great hall 
 for the officers and foldiers. Before each gate thers 
 is an o|ien area, or parade, of above three hundred 
 and fixty feet, which fervesas a place for arms, and 
 it is encompafliKl with a femicircular wall, like that 
 of the city. The entrance into thefe parades is never 
 on that fide which faces the great road leading into tho 
 city, for the Chinefe are very jealous of the coun- 
 try people's wives with the foldiers. 
 
 The road is alfo defended by a pavilion, with 
 cannon upon it 1 fo that it would be no eafy matter 
 for an enemy to get into the city At each gate, on 
 each fide, are two other pavilions, facing each other^ 
 much lower than that over the gate ; aniTthefe having 
 likewife cannon placed upon them, no city in the 
 world can be better guarded, both againft an enemy, 
 and alfo to fupprcfs infurredlions among its own in> 
 habitants. 
 
 Almoft all the ftrccts are built in a dircdt line, thi 
 largell being about one hundred and twenty feet broad, 
 and three miles in length. In this, and in the other 
 large ftreets, they have many fhops for felling their 
 niks i and as diflTercnt pieces are hung out, thcfe, 
 with their gilded figns, give the whole a moft beauti- 
 ful appearance. 1 heir figns have the figures of all 
 forts of animals painted uf sn them, and many other 
 tilings, in the fame manner as in E)urope. The little 
 ftrcets run all from eaft to weft, and divide the fpace 
 between the large ones into fo many equal and pro« 
 portiniiable pans. 
 
 The amazing multitudes of people who throng thcfe 
 
 flreets, 
 
 •'^- 
 
^5^ 
 
 tllAVfeLS IN 
 
 CHINA. 
 
 ftreets, without one woman, and the confufion oc- 
 Cafioncd by the vaft numbers of horfcs, cattle^ 
 anil carria_i^( V, is aftonifhing. Pcrlons ot dinindion 
 Would bi.' flipped every moment, if they had not a man 
 On hurlc'b^ck to go "efore, and call to the puflcnjijcrs 
 to make vviiy. Muny people are carried through the 
 ftrrets in chairs, but moll commonly they ride on 
 hurfcback, or on mules. One may hire a liorfe or a 
 irulc the whole day forfix-pence ; and there are books 
 fold, which give an account of the ward:i, ftrcets, or 
 places, where every peribn lives who has any public 
 employment. 
 
 The houles bear no proportion to the beauty of 
 the flreets, being neither lofty, nor well built ; ex- 
 cept the emperor's palace : the former aie extremely 
 mean, the noblemen's being but one ftory high, like 
 theothejs. But the numerous apartments tliey have 
 for tncmfelves, their wives, and their donieliicks, 
 make fome amends fur other deficiencies. 'I'huir 
 courts of juftice arc no better than their houlb ; 
 except th.it they have lofty g.ites, with lomc curious 
 emblematical figures upon them ; but neither the 
 halls, nor rooms, have any thing in them <%orth no- 
 tice. All their temples are built at the expcnce of 
 the emperor ; who alfo allows fomcthing for the 
 fupport of the priefts, the fchools, the judges, and 
 ether officers, whether ecclefiaflical or civil. 
 
 The governor of Peking is always chofcn in from 
 among the Tartars, and is called Kyu-men-ti-tii, or 
 General of the nine gates. He has under his jurifdic- 
 tion the foldiers as well as the inhabitants, in all 
 civil matters i and nothing can exceed the policy 
 obferved here. It is amazing to fee the perfefl tran- 
 quillity that reigns among fo many people. For 
 leveral years together a houl'e is not broken, nor a 
 murder committed ; for it would be almoli impof- 
 fiblc for the criminals to efcape being punilhcd. 
 
 All the great (treets, which run in a line from one 
 gate to another, have foldiers day and night, with 
 fwords by their fides, and whips in their hands, to 
 clialiife all without diftinAion who make any dif 
 turbance ; and to contiiie thofe who refill ; the lellt:r 
 flretts have, at each end,- wooden gato, with openings 
 In them, fo that the foldiers can lee »hat is tianfaiSl- 
 ing. Thcfe wooden gates are Ibut at night, and not 
 opened till morning ; unlcfs a perfon wants a phy- 
 fician, or fome other thing ablolutcly neccflary. As 
 foon as the lirft ftroke of the watch is given on a 
 great bfll, two rfr three of the foldiers walk from 
 one guard to another, playing with a ihort piece of 
 wood upon a thing refembling a bowl. 
 
 They fufter none to walk the llreets at night, and 
 even queftion thofc whom the emperor lends upon 
 bufinefs ; who, if they cannot give a good account ol 
 themfclves, are immediately taken intocuftody. That 
 the foldiers may be conftantly upon their duty, the 
 governor orders fome of his officers to go round the 
 rtrccts, at the time they are leall expe^ed ; and this 
 keeps them conflantly upon their duty. It is truc- 
 the empire is put to great expence on this account ; 
 for part of the foldiers are employed for nothing elfe, 
 but to take care of the flreets ; and they have large 
 pay. But what fignitits theexpencc, while the place 
 K well governed, and crimes prevented inflead of 
 being puniflicd.^ If fomcthing on a plan fimilar to 
 this was adopted by us, we fliould not have (o many 
 hnufes broken, nor fee fuch numbers of wretches 
 executed. 
 
 Befides thefe foldiers watching day and night, 
 it is their bufinefs to fee that every one fweeps that 
 part of the (Ircct before his own door ; and waters 
 the place morning and evening in dry weather. The 
 foldiers tluiiifelves clean the middle part every morn- 
 ing for the carriages; which isthe more necelwry,be- 
 ra'ife the flreets are not paved, and the ground is ra- 
 ther foft. 
 
 Alter the foldiers have taken up the dirt, they beat 
 it, and mix it with dry earth ; fo that within two 
 hours after rain, the flreets become dry. Du Haldc, 
 fpcakingof the Obfervatory at Peking, gives the fol- 
 
 lowing dcfcription of it. " We firft entered a p ret* 
 " ty large court, where thofe who took care ol the 
 " place lodged} going in, we found a very nairu\y 
 " llair-cafe, which led to the top of a fquare tower, 
 " contiguous to the wall of the 'I'arcar city, and 
 " railed but ten or twelve feet above ihc bulwark. 
 " Here the Chinefe ullronomers had placed their 
 " inllritments,' which although but few, yet took 
 " up the whole room. I'liole inllrumints were in- 
 '♦ ferior to what we have in Europe ; fo that when 
 " we inflrufled them how to make others, according 
 " to the latell difcbveries, the emperor oidcicd all 
 " the old ones to be locked up. iiut though the in- 
 " flruments we taught them to make, were extiemcly 
 " good, yet they could not be pciniittcd to ule them^ 
 " till an order from the emperor came fur tliac 
 " purpofe." 
 
 The city bell for flriking the watch, or hour of 
 the night, is reckoned the biggcft in the worlJ } and 
 the iound of it is heard at a great diflance in the 
 country. It vvas carried up to the tower by engincfi 
 contrived by the jefuits, t'> the aftoniflirr.ent of the 
 whole court, who had never fccn any thing of the 
 nature before. 
 
 We have alreaJy given an account of the manner 
 in which the Rulfian ambali'aJor was treated at Pe- 
 king : but tir.ind the leciotary has given us. but a very 
 imperfedl account of the emperor's palace j th^.' thfl 
 is not to be wondered at, efpecially when we confidir 
 that even the ambaffador himfelf was not admitted 
 into any parts of it but the hall of audience, and 
 the (lining room. It is to the two learned jefuits, 
 Du HaKle and Le Compte, that we are indebted 
 tor a proper defcription of that magnificent flruiSure. 
 Thefe jeiuits had ;;ained the nffei^tions of the Chinefs 
 fo much, that they were admitted into every place, 
 except the feraglio, whire none arc permitted to go 
 bcfides the emp':ror and his eunuchs. 
 
 This fpacious palace Hands in tiie middle of the 
 old Tartar city ; is of a fquare form j theeail, north, 
 and weft fides, being equally dillant frcra the waif. 
 I'he fouth fide forms the front, and has many cu- 
 rious figures upon it. It is divided into two, one 
 being called the outer, and the other the inner pa- 
 lace. The outer palace is an oblong fquare, about 
 four miles in circumference, and fuiiouiided by a 
 w.-ill, with gates, at each of which a guard is 
 kept. 
 
 The fouth gate is the gate of the palace itfcif, be- 
 ing about one hundred fathoms from the great gate 
 of the city, and is called the gate facing the noon day 
 fun. The inner wall, which immediately encompaflet 
 the palace where the emperor refides, is extremely 
 high and thick, built with large bricks, and embel- 
 lilhed with battlements, well contrived. It has four 
 gates with large arches ; thole to the fouth being 
 three-fold, but the others on the fides are finglr. 
 Upon thefe gates, and upon the four angles of the 
 walls arc eight towers, or rather h.ills, ofantxtra- 
 ordinary bigiicfs, and very cuiious workmanfhip, 
 varniflied with a mofl beautiful red, adorned with 
 flowers of gold, and covered with tiles painicd yellow, 
 which when the fun fliines upon ihim, npper.r as if 
 they were of folid gold. In the reigns of the Chinefe 
 emperors, twenty eunuchs kept guard at each of thefe 
 gates i but ever fince the Tartais fubducd the empire, 
 foldiers have been appointed in their room. All 
 the officers of the palace, with the mandarins, are 
 allowed entrance within thefe gates; but all others 
 are prohibited under the fevercft penalties, unlefs they 
 fliew a tablet of ivory, with the name of the manda- 
 rin upon it to whom they belong. Round this inner 
 wall is a deep moat filled with water. 
 
 Clofc by the eaftern wall on the outfide, runs a 
 river, over which are built feveral very fair bridges 
 all of marble, except the arch in the middle, where 
 there is a draw-bridge, which is never let down but 
 when fome of the officers are to pal's. The whole 
 palace is divided into a great number of apartments, 
 each being for a feparate ufe, particularly for the 
 
 great 
 
/•RAVELS IN CHINA. 
 
 593 
 
 <»!f.M ofliuis of ftuir, loicign .imbafladors, and 
 
 I'lii; firll apartment is calli'J tlic Portal of grejl 
 lie.imy, orl'uiityi an>l it lu. three gates, wliicli are 
 ncvti <i|nned, but when the »(ii|Kr(ir goes out of town. 
 Ucyorid ihi< apartment U u vail court, adorned on 
 iTkcU lide vtiih porticoes, fupjinrled by t^^u hundred 
 pillars, vsliich prel'ent a gr^iiid piol'pedt from the gate, 
 rijc lecond .ipiriinent has hvc izates, three of wTiich 
 arc never opened but lor thir emperor, but the other 
 two admit the uHicers ol Hate. Above each of thefe 
 gates (lands a fpacioti:* hall, adorned with a large 
 plumber of columns gilded on fomc parts, and painted 
 with vermilion on others. At the end of this court, 
 is the apartment called the Portal of the Beginning; 
 and behind it another apaitnient, called the Portal 
 uf the South, which is the lirTt within the inner 
 wall. The entry to t'lis apartment confilts of three 
 vaft arches, with halls above each, well built, and 
 beautifully adorned with all forts of paintings in 
 gold and vermilion, according to the talle of the 
 Chincfe. 
 
 The next apartment is called the Supreme Portal, 
 being far fupcrior to any of ihofc we have yet men- 
 tioned. It has five g^tcs, and the afccnt to each is 
 by ninety Heps } hut before they can come to them, 
 they mull crofs a moat filled with water, having 
 five bridges over it. All thefe gates are adorned 
 with beautiful pilafters, richly carved and finely 
 painted. At the end of this apartment is the grand 
 imperial hall, the afcent to which is by five pair of 
 ftairs, each of forty fleps, and all of fine marble, cu- 
 rioufly wrought. I'wo of thefe flairs are for the 
 great ofHcers of (late, and two more for the eunuchs, 
 that in the centre being for the emperor himfelf. 
 During the reigns of the Chinefe emperors, this hall 
 was rcekoncd one of the wonders of the world, both 
 for -'s arc'hileiflure, and the richncis of its furniture ; 
 bwt when the Tartars invaded the empire, great p;irt 
 of it was dcftroyed. This is the halt in which the 
 cmperrr receives the homage of all his viillals, and 
 gives audience to foreign ambalTadors, as wc have 
 already feen in the account written by Brand. The 
 hall is lurrounded with grand pillars, each two whereof 
 are divided at the top by an arch, which forms an 
 opening below for every perfon, a'ho hasbufmcfsat 
 Court, to (land according to his rank. 
 
 Beyond this is another fpacious hall, called the Hall 
 of Concord, where the emperor comes only twice in 
 the year, to fettle every thing with his officers of (late 
 concerning the government of the empire. Here all 
 complaints are heard, and frefh indrudlions are given, 
 and appeals are determined, which have been fent up 
 from inferior tribunals. For this realbn, there is at 
 theeaftend of the hall a fpacious apartment, with 
 places for the emperor's judges ; and before them are 
 benches for the council to (it on, who have come thither 
 to plead the caufe of thofe who thinic themfclves in- 
 jured. Beyond this court are the emperor's private 
 apartments, where he refides with his three emprelTes. 
 It is called the Manfion of Heaven, clear and with- 
 out blemifh ; and is the richell and moll fumptuous of 
 any in the palace. One of thefe ladies is confldercd 
 as his fole emprcfs, and the other two are treated 
 according to the place they hold in his afFe£lions. 
 They have Tepatatc apartments, and each of them has 
 eunuchs and llaves to wait on her. But b^ftdes 
 thefe three wives, he has a vad number of concubines, 
 fometimes upwards of a thoufand, but the children of 
 thefe are not confidercd as of the bJood royal. This 
 cuflom is obferved in Turkey ; forLadyWortley Mon- 
 tague tells us, that though the grand fcignor has a 
 vail number of concubines, yet the fuccelTion is con- 
 fined to the children of a few. 
 
 Near the feraglio, or apartment for the women, 
 the emperor has a fpacious court, adorned with pil- 
 lars and colonades ; and in it are feveral rooms, where 
 he enjoys himfelf with his miniders and friends. 
 During thefe meetings, the veil, which covered 
 jnajefty, and rent dignitv, is laid afide ; and here the 
 
 Vot. U. No. J I. 
 
 fovercign forgets his ceremonial pomp as a monarch, 
 in order to enjoy the plealbres of a man. A little 
 beyond this private apartment, is a grand magnificent 
 building, where the emperor's hork-s are kept) and 
 near it is a park, where he enjoys the exercife ef rid- 
 ing when the weather will permit. All the fervants 
 nuJci liih mailer of the horic, refide here in different 
 apartments I and there is a gate, through which they 
 are allowed to pafs, when they want to go into the city. 
 
 The bridge over the moat that furrounds the palace, 
 is a mod furpiiling druilure. It is made in the form 
 of a dra^jon, of an extraordinary fize, and lively 
 ftru(£lurc j and its fore andhiud feet daiiJing in the 
 water, fupply the place of pillars. His body lurms 
 the middle arch i his tail another; and his head and 
 neck the third. The whole is of black jaf|>cr, To 
 uitl rIoR'd and poliflied, that it Icems to be all of 
 one piece. It is called Ti-ky.mi;, or the Hying 
 bridge; for the Chin.fc have a tradition, that inis 
 dragon fled through the air fro'ni a kingdom of the 
 EalT Indies, which they call Tytn-cho, or the King- 
 dom of Bamboos. 
 
 In each of thefe courts of the palace there is a 
 temple ; and in all of tht in vad number of idoh^, to 
 whom they offer facrifices. Among thif", is one 
 noted for its obfcenity; for the idol is rLprcfeiiiid 
 naked, in the fame manner as the Roman Priapus. 
 It is only worfljipped by the Tartars ; for the Cliinefe 
 ho'.d it in abhorrence, and mat its pricds as the word 
 of debauches. The cudom however of facrificing 
 to this filthy idol, is fo much attended to by the 
 Tartars, who probably brought it out of their own 
 country when they conquered Chin;', that the eni . 
 peror, from political motives, is obliged to damply 
 with it at lead once in the year. If he were to n( gleet 
 thi", he would incur the dil|j|fafui'c of his lubjcdls, 
 tiiat is, of thofe who are Tartars ; and they are not 
 only the mod numerous, but alfo the moil powuful. 
 
 All the druftures already defcribed are covered 
 with large thick tiles, varnifhed with ycllo^t, green, 
 and blue ; and fadened with nails ; to witlidand the 
 winds, which are very high at Peking. Thtfe 
 temples, palaces, and other public druiSlures, being 
 feen at a great didance, appear as if covered with 
 plates of gold when the fun (hines upon thim ; 
 and the appearance is dill more heightened by the 
 azure and green, than which nothing that ue can 
 form any notion of is more beautiful. 
 
 The ridges, which atw.nys run from ead to wed, 
 rife about eight feet above the roof i and the extremi- 
 ties are terminated with the figures of dragons, tvgcrs, 
 lyons, and other wild beads, that wind about and 
 extend themfelves the whole length of the ridge. 
 
 The country around Peking is well cultivated, and 
 it is furprifing to fee the number of inhabitants em- 
 ployed in many different arts and manufadurcs. No 
 perfon is to be feen idle, they are all employed in 
 one thing or other; and what is very remarkable, 
 few of them ever vifit foreign countries. 
 
 But we mud now give an account of other parts of 
 this exicnfive empire, beginning with thofe which 
 are more to thcfouth ; and here we have ample ma- 
 terials, in the learned works of the jefuit. Father 
 Navarctti. This jefuit had vifited South America, 
 and from thence crofTed over to the Philippine Iflands, 
 where he daid fomc conftderable time, and then fet 
 out for China. The hardfhips he underwent were 
 the more fo to him, on account of his fuperdition ; 
 but we (hall keep as near as poffible to his own words. 
 
 *' Leivinc Macoa (fays lie) we landed iti China, 
 and I was obliged to travel on foot for want of money. 
 One day i went up a vad hill which tired me much { 
 and there I found a houfe where foldiers were quar- 
 tered to guard the roads, of which the Chinefe art 
 extremely careful. The captain feeing me goine- 
 by, came out to meet me, was very courteous, ana 
 invited me into the houfe, to which he led me by the 
 hand. As fuon as I fat down, he ordered fome drink to 
 be brought to me, made of an herb called Cha, and 
 fecmcd extremclv aftisCled with my fuffbrings. He 
 7 N »(ke4 
 
 r^ 
 
 )/ / 
 
 
 ij 
 
 •i 
 
594 
 
 TRAVELS IN CHINA. 
 
 »fl<cd my Chincfe cotr.piinion how I came to travel in 
 that m.-tiincr ) and as 1 hud been robbed at Lea, was 
 much concerned to find that lYiy things had been fiolen. 
 This was fuch ufage as I did not expert to meet with, 
 but my companion told me that his countrymen were 
 very hofpitable to ftrangirs. He gave us what pro- 
 vifionf he could Iparc j and when v.c left him, wiihed 
 1^ us a good journey. I went on with my lumpanion, 
 
 who, though a Chincfe, had been bapiifcJ, und was 
 a Chrillian ; but in going down the hill, it was lb 
 Itccp and craggy, lliat my feet were ladly cut, I'o thiit 
 I was I'carccablc to ftand. At the bottom of the hill 
 we came to an infidel's houfi- ; but the pioplc were lo 
 " civil, that they boiled u chicken for our ftipprr, 
 
 though we had not money to pay tlitm for it. While 
 I it was making ready, I was lo much fatigued, that I 
 
 fainted awayj and though I i)rel'ci.tly came to my- 
 felf, yet they thought I (hould have died. The in- 
 fidel prefently went into a room, and brought me warn) 
 cloaths to put on ; and having eaten a little, he put 
 me into a fnug warm bed, lo that I wtnt to reft. I 
 was aftonifticd to fee with what care this infidel at- 
 tended me, for I could not hi:vc been better treated 
 had I been in Spain. All this he did for nothing, 
 which was what I did not expect among infidels. 
 Next day, as we were entci ing a great town, my Chi- 
 ncfe companion, with another who carried what 
 things we had left, went before j and I was left be- 
 hind, tired and out of patience, among thoufands of 
 Chinefe, without knowing how toafk them any quef- 
 tions. I was very fick the whole of the afternoon, 
 but no man oft'ercd to treat me uncivilly. At length 
 my companion came to me, and »e were kindly 
 treated by the people j for I muft acknowledge that 
 the Chinefe exceed in hofpitality all I ever yet met 
 with. 
 ^ Next day, it being very cold, as it was then ne»r 
 
 ^Kjf- the middle of Oiitober, we continued our journey till 
 
 we came to a river. I took ofF my fhoes and ftock- 
 t ings, and waded it in the water up to my knees, and 
 
 was very fenfible of the violent cold. Soon after we 
 had croilcd this river, we fpied a dreadful tyger, lay- 
 ing on a rifing ground, dole by the road, which 
 frightened us much, for it was as big as a calf; Pro- 
 vidence however protected us, for we ftooped that it 
 might oot ice us, and thus we remained unhurt. 
 That day we came to a populous town, featcd on a 
 fine navigable river, with many viflels upon it, and 
 we thought to have got a boat prefently, but we could 
 not, for the 4)eople were all in an uproar, becaufe 
 they had received information that a band of robbers 
 were abroad. At that time the Southern Chincfe 
 '.y had taken up arms againft the Northern ones, whom 
 
 we call Tartars j but we took no part in their quar • 
 "" rtl, for having procured a lodging wc went to reft; 
 
 and next day a boat landed us fafely at the famous city 
 Chang-cheu. 
 
 V- The city Chang-cheu is very much celebrated 
 in China, and moft of the inhabitants carry on an 
 extenfive trade to the Manilas. It is fituatcd in the 
 province of Fo-Kien, and coll the Tartars much blood 
 * . and treafure to fubduc it ; for being a frontier as well 
 
 t as a trading town, the people did not willingly part 
 
 jl vvith their antient privileges i but it was conquered 
 
 by fuperior forces, and is now fubjttl to the Chincfe 
 emperors of the Tartarian race. It was about the 
 dawn of the morning when we landed at this Limuus 
 city; and curiofity led me to take a walk into the 
 principal ftreets, one of which' was the fincft and the 
 fulleftof people I had ever feen. But what furprifcd 
 me moft was, to hear the people, as my interpreter 
 told me, faying to one another, This is one of the 
 Fathers of Manila. 1 was much frijjhtened left they 
 ihould have treated me in a cruel manner, fo that I 
 wentonas faftaspoflibic, to cfcape the danger which 
 I iina"incd to be hanging over me. I thought the 
 (Irect would have no end, for it was above a mile in 
 length, and the fronts of the hcufcs were finely 
 gdorncd with pillars and carved work. Tioops . f 
 horfe were marching out of the city in nreat coiilu 
 Ron, and I exj cfteJ every' moment that I fhouU be ^p 
 
 prchendtd ; for the people, where we thought to pro- 
 cureprovifions, would not fuft'cr us to come into the 
 market pl.ice. In this uncertain ftatc wc went 
 into the boat, in order lo be ftrtieJ acrofs the river } 
 but there were many other palRngers on board, who 
 kept their eyes fixed upon me all the time we were 
 there. 
 
 It took up above four hours for us to fail down the 
 river about as many leagues ; laid when we landed, I 
 thought myfelf in a new world. 
 
 Having ti.nclled abcut two leagues, we met with a 
 tall, fierce-looking Chinefe j but though he was ter- 
 rible to us at fiift, yet in the ei.d hi. icenicd to have 
 been an angel feiit from Ciod. He c;ir,ie up to me, 
 made much of me, comforted me, and by figns made ■ 
 inc to undiiftand that I nctd liar notliir.g, for he 
 would take care of me. I uiuierlloud a little of w hat 
 he faid, and my Chinefe companion explained the u It 
 to me very well. He took us to his lodging?, and 
 gave me the beft room ; when v.e eat, he gave me the 
 beft vidluals he took me by the hand, and placed me 
 on his right fide, and always took the lanic care 
 of me as if he had been my tutor or guaidian ; and 
 1 may fafely fay, 1 never law a better tempered man 
 in my life. 
 
 Next day wc continued our journey, and met with 
 another Chinele, who treated us in the fame hofpitable 
 manner, and accompanied us to the city of Civen- 
 Cheu. I was furprifcd to fee fuch a place ; for as wc 
 viewed it from an eminerce, it fecmed tobe a little 
 world within itfelf. When the Tartars took it, the 
 walls were deftroyed, but they were again rebuilt in a 
 moft mafterly manner, within the compafs of two 
 years J we walked round the walls, and counted the 
 number of cannon, which amounted to upwards of 
 one hundred and fevcnty, for I could not count the 
 fmaller ones, my attention being led <ilf every moment 
 to view things of another nature, which (.onftantly 
 prefented themfelves to my notice. 
 
 Leaving this city, where we were hofpitjblv en- 
 tertained, we came to one of the moft remaikable 
 bridges I had ever feen. It is laid over a navi. 
 gable arm of the fea, where formerly a vaft num- 
 ber of people ufed to be drowned ; and to prevent thcfe 
 fatal accidents for the future, Cai-Jang, a man of 
 knowledge and benevolence, govc.nor of this coun- 
 try, caufed the bridge to be crefled at his own ex- 
 pence. It is in length thirteen hundred and forty-five 
 paces, and the piers upon which it ftands arc above 
 three hundred. The intervals between them and 
 the water are not arched but flat, each covered with 
 five ftoncs locked into one another. The fides are 
 adorned with beautiful baluftrades, with globes, lions, 
 and pyramids, at equal diftances, which makes it 
 have a moft graceful appeaiance. The whole work is 
 of a fine blue ftone, fo deep coloured, that at firft 
 fight it appears black i and though founded in the deep 
 fea, there is neither lime nor iron about it, the ftones 
 being fixed artificially to each other, and notwith- 
 ftanding it has been built years, yet it does not feem 
 to be in any danger of falling. There are on it five 
 ftately towers t equal diftarices, with ftrong gates, 
 and guards of foldiers. As I was travelling over it, 
 the paflengers told me the following ftory : Formerly, 
 when they crofted this arm of the fea in boats, a woman 
 with child went on board; and the mafter told her, 
 that flie fhould be delivered of a Ion who would come 
 to be agreat mandarin, and fo powerful, that he would 
 build abridge there at his own expence. They relate 
 that it happc'ned fo, and the child proved to be the 
 fame Cai-Jang, whom we have already mentioned. 
 
 Wc muft here, in juftice to Father Navarctti, ob- 
 ferve, that he treats this ftory as an idle talc ; but 
 indeed there is nothing at all extraordinary in it ; for 
 we feldom or ever read of a great man, but after his 
 death Itories are forged, pointing out fomething forc- 
 tnl I -oncerning him before he was born. A thoufanJ 
 inll..:iccsof this nature might be mentioned ; but we 
 fl :.)1 p.ifs them over in filence, and go on with the 
 ic<uit':> narrative. 
 
 I «• Three 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^■ 
 
 ••^^'ife 
 
TRAVELS IN CHINA. 
 
 59S 
 
 " Three days aficr we lud croflcd this famous 
 bridge, wc met with the gencr;il of Fn-kien, who 
 was inarchiiii; lo Chaiig-cliiu, with twnity tlioufaiul 
 men. I was in great cunlulion and <hlfrcfs uii this 
 occafion, confidenn:^ in what condition a poor reli- 
 gious man mull be, in a ftran^c kingdom, undamidfl 
 an army of idolalors. The two natives (if China, 
 wlio a>,coiii|).inied me, were fo gooJ-natiircJ, th.it 1 
 know nut what I fhduld have done without them ) 
 not that anv man Ipoke to me, or otTered me the leafl 
 incivility; but merely becaul'e of the niultilude of 
 Ibldicrs, to whom, as being unacqu.'.iiited witli their 
 language, I could give little or nu iiccount of myfelf j 
 fuppoUng it had been retjuelled of me, nor did 1 know 
 what my interpreters might have faid, efpeciully as 
 the accounts I had heard of the country, made no 
 i'avourable imprelTion upon my mind. 
 
 Wc palled wiihin fight of the general, whofe army 
 marched near the Ihure i audit was furpiihng to fee 
 what a number oi waggons and baggage horles he had 
 tu attend him. We had not palled him above a mile, 
 when we came to the top of an cinincnce; and here 
 again our fears were renewed, for we faw another 
 large body of m.n coming up, with pikes in their 
 hands, and making a very formidable appearance. 
 They lined the road on both fiJes, and wc parted 
 through them without their otleriiig us the lealt injury. 
 Indeed, I may jullly fay, whit I have often heard from 
 fomc of our biethren who h.id tiavellcd into thofc 
 parts before, that a man is in more danger in travell- 
 ing throu.;h an army of Europeans, than one of Tar- 
 tars. The country cottagers h.id their fruit and 
 pruvifions fei out at their doors to f(.ll; as it is never 
 known in that country, that a loldicrdoes any injuiy 
 to the people; for let an army be ever to numeiou';, 
 the people are never in the hall afraid of them. So 
 ftriit are the laws concerning the militaiy, that 1 
 once law a Cliinefc foldier behe.idcd, for cheating a 
 countryman of about the value of an halfpenny, 
 ill buying f<'me rice. 
 
 Before 1 came to the metropolis of Fo-kien, called 
 Fo-cheu, I fent my Chinefe into the city, to enquire 
 whether there were any Jefuits there, and to find out 
 the v.lnirch. It was long before became back, which 
 troubled me much, bccaufe I did not know but fome 
 accident migj^t have happened to him, or he might 
 have been taken up for a fpy. 
 
 In the mean time my other companions took me to 
 an inn, as good as any I had ever feen, either in 
 France or Italy. We parted through two courts, 
 and found a table covered with all forts of provifions, 
 befides a vaft variety of fruits .md fweetmeats. 1 was 
 extremely hungry, but it being the eve of tit. Simon 
 and St. Jude, I was afraid loeat, thougii my condition 
 was fuch, that I might have dune it witlmut any fc tuple 
 of confcience. My countenance expofid my forrow, 
 but thofe infidels did not know the rcafon, and yet they 
 ufed every means to comfort me. It pleafed God the 
 Chinefe returned foon after, and with him aChridian 
 of that city ; but, for reafons I could not learn, this 
 Chritlian left me immediately, and 1 faw him no 
 more. Perhaps he imagined I wanted fomc money to 
 help me on my journey ; but I am rather inclined to 
 believe that he coiifidercd me as an importor. 
 
 Next day I was vifited by a phyfician, a Chriftian, 
 who not only treated mewith tendernefs, but likewife 
 aflliled me with Ibmething to fupport me during the 
 remainder of my journey. We refted here two days, 
 during which time I took a view of the city, which 
 I found to be extremely beautiful, adorned with in- 
 fidel temples, fome of them dedicated to the fun, 
 and others to the reft of their idols ; and though this 
 is one of the leall metropolitan cities in China; yet 
 it was aiua/.ing to behold the vail number of inha- 
 bitants, and thefc only men, for the women are not 
 permitted to be feen. The ftreets I went thro' were 
 exceedingly broad, and though not paved, yet they 
 were very clean ; with (hops on both fides, contain- 
 ing every thing one could think of. Going along, 
 I met three of their mandarins, and was ordered to 
 
 make room for them ; and I flood as it were amazed, 
 to lee with what gravity they rode on hurfeback, and 
 what a numerous rciinue thiy had to attend them. 
 
 Leaving this place, we travelled live days tpg^'ih-r, 
 without meeting with any thing reiiiarkabli , only 
 that one Charles, a Chriltian, hippencd to becom- 
 ing that way, and as he knew lome of my order, he 
 not only gave us proper ilirecHons concerning the 
 road, but likewife fome money to defray our expences. 
 Five days loiigi r we ir.ivtilid over hills, whole tops 
 I'lenied to reach to the clouds ; but, thank God, wc 
 met with no harm ; and the hill night wc lay in a littlu 
 caftle, in which were about fifty loldiers. It is al- 
 molf incredible to think what civility we met with in 
 this place. The commanding officer, who had a good 
 room, quitted it for me to lay in it, though 1 en- 
 deavoured to be excul'cd ; vet he infilled on my aeci'pt- 
 ing of it, and went himfelf to another. I was 
 amazed at fuch ulage among infidels, whom the 
 Europeans, who are not half fo humane as they, c;ill 
 barbarians. 
 
 Next Inorning the commander came to take leave 
 of u«, and begged pardon for the cntcrtainnuiit not 
 having been better; which made fuch an imprfrtion 
 upon my mind, that I believe i fliall never forget il. 
 That day we travelled over feven deep mountains, on 
 the lall of which it rained hard, fo that wc were 
 obliged to take Ihclter in the tlitf'of a rock. I was 
 both luingry and tiled, for my companions had de- 
 ceived me in the num'er of miles; hut one of the 
 Cliincfe happening to h;.ve fome boiled rice in his 
 pocket, I ate heartily of it, and thought I never 
 tailed any thing fo fweet. As we went down the 
 hill it rained again]; and we met a company of horfc- 
 inen, who fulutcd us according to the cullom of their 
 country. That evening brought us to the city of 
 Fo-n.igan, but we were lb late, that the gates were 
 Ihut ; fo that we were obliged to take up our lodging 
 in a fuburb ; where we had a bad night indeed, for 
 there were no neccflarics to be had ; nor could we get 
 a fire lo dry our cloaths. Wet as I was, I lay down 
 upon fome ftraw, but the cold was fo intenfc, that I 
 could not feel in a manner whether I was de.id or 
 alive. It was the worll lodging I had had during 
 the twenty days I travelled in China ; and it was well 
 wc could get any at all ; becaufc there were a great 
 number of foldicrs quartered, not only in this fuburb, 
 but in almoft every part of the neighbourhood. 
 
 Next day wc went into the city ; and as foon as I 
 had found outaj'-fuit, he took me to the church, , 
 where I heard mafs, and was fo much overjoyed to 
 find thofe of my own order in the place, bclidcs l<;ve- 
 ral convents, that I forgot all my former fufterings. 
 During my forty days journey hither, I did not iee 
 more than three women, although perhaps near a mil ■ 
 lion of men. One of thefe women was near the 
 river fide ; another was at a confidcrable diftance ; 
 and the third was at the door of a houfe as we parted 
 through a village. 
 
 The city of Fo-nagan is very much renowned in 
 the province of Fo-kyen, and it fulF-icd much when 
 the Tartars invaded this empire. It fubmitted upon 
 capitulation, that none of the inhabitants fhould be 
 injured ; but no fooner were the Tartars in poflelTion 
 of it, than they maflacred fourteen thoufand men, 
 among whom was a Chriflian, who commanded the 
 Chinefe army againll the Tartars, and who might 
 have been laved, but he would not give up his autho- 
 rity. Lau-Chung-zao, the governor of the city, a 
 man of great biavery, knowing the Tartars would 
 (hew him no mercy, refolved- to poifon himfelf; and 
 accordingly fent for fomeof his friends, among whom 
 was the Chriftian, the commander already mentioned, 
 and he, the governor, invited them to follow his ex- 
 ample. 
 
 They all excufed thcmfelves, and he took the 
 poifon alone; foon after which, he expired in his 
 eafy chair, leaning againft a table, and in that pollure 
 he was found when the Tartars took the city. They 
 made feveral low bows to his dead body, coiiimendinfr 
 
 his 
 
 *a 
 
 .W 
 
596 
 
 TRAVELS IN CHINA. 
 
 . 
 
 hi> loyalty in dying in fuch a manner, ratlier than to 
 l^ive up the city to thotc whom lie confidered as his 
 enemies. 
 
 The firft thing I did,' after I had got a few days rc- 
 
 {refliment in this city, was to fct abunt fluclying the 
 ^hiiiefe language i and fuch prugrels did 1 malcc, that 
 in a few months 1 was able to preach. During two 
 years I refided in this province, many converts rame 
 to me to confcfs their fins, and, as far as 1 could judge, 
 1 found them very fincere. Having now learned the 
 hnguage, and my beard being grown, I thought it 
 Would be time for me to continue my jourtwy tofome 
 other parts of this vaft empire ; for I had alrcxdy con- 
 verted a vaft number of the infidels, all of whom had 
 been confrflcd, and had received the facramriit. A- 
 long with me went two chrilllans, and an inlidcl who 
 was upon his converfion ; they were natives of the in- 
 land parts of the country, and as good-tcnipercd men 
 a. ever I had met with. 
 
 The (ccond day of our journey we came to the 
 fiigheil mountain I ever law in my life, and this, 
 with a few fmaller ones adjoining to it, took us up 
 eleven days to crofs ; but at the end of every leacue, 
 or fometimes lefs, we found le.'^ing-pliccs, and fo 
 neat, that nothine could be fitter for the iwrpofe. All 
 China is furniflied with thefe reding places, and has 
 exceeding good roads. On mod of thefe mountains 
 we faw heathen temples ; but the afcent to them was 
 fo (tcep, that we did not chufc to vifitthcm. There 
 were others in the valleys, and fome by the road fide. 
 Thofe lail had hot water (landing at their doors, with 
 the herb cha, for palTengers to drink. The priefts of 
 thefe temples are called bonzes, and they beg from 
 paflcngers as they go along, but are extremely civil, 
 for if any thing is given them, they make a low bow ; 
 but when it is refufed them, they fiaiid liill and fay 
 liochiiig. 
 
 Wlicn we came to the limits of the p "-'nee of iho 
 1*1^ Kiaiig, wc found the paiTnge was between two vaft 
 
 hi!;h locks, where was a guard of folJiers, and a little 
 farther on were their quarters. I'here we ftopped a 
 little, and .ite fome of the herb cha, which was very 
 refrefliing to us after our fatigue ; for provifions were 
 at that time very fcarce in the country, on account 
 of the vaft numbers of foldiers that were quartered in 
 almoft every city, town, and village, and even in pri- 
 vate houfes. 
 
 The commanding officer gave orders to one of the 
 foldiers to fcarch our baggage ; but our infidel Clii- 
 nefe, whom we had along with us, told him it had 
 been fcarcbed already, upop which he proceeded no 
 farther, but fufFered us to pafs. Soon after we came 
 to another narrow paf;, fomewhat like the former ; 
 but the guards were much more numerous. Here the 
 fun (hone bright upon us, and we refted ourfelves a- 
 bout two houra. There were many people coming 
 outof a temple, and they all bowed to mc, without 
 dying any thing. During that time I faw a woman, 
 which was the firft I had feen in China, come up 
 from a valley to go to the temple, and as (he paflcil 
 the foldiers, they all bowed to her. I was much plea- 
 fed with the m(>defty of the foldiers, but could not 
 learn who the woman was, or what was her charac- 
 ter, which I was the more earned to know, becaufe 
 one fcldom fees a woman in tl. t empire. The next 
 evening wc lay at an inn, where I law another wo- 
 man, which was the firft and laft I ever faw at an inn 
 in China, though I lodged at many. 
 
 The next puce I arrived at was Kin-Hoa, a fpa- 
 cious city, furrounded by pleafant gardens, and ex- 
 tremely populous in appearance ; for in all the cities 
 of China, we meet with vaft numbers of people. 
 There is one thing indeed which encreafes the popu- 
 larity, and that is, that as often as a mandarin, or 
 ' any other magiftrate, goes abroad, all hi* attendants 
 
 follow him. In this city our brethren had a church, 
 and it was my turn to baptife feveral of the Cate- 
 chumens, or new-made converts, which I did i butfoon 
 after they relapfed into idolatry. Indeed I often found 
 that few of thofe whom wt had baptifcd iq China 
 
 held out long; they foon returned to their former 
 idolatry, and died infidels, as they had betn bit'ore. 
 We wcie often molcftetl by the mandarins, who came 
 frequently to vifit us i and they pretending to enter into 
 difputes concerning irligiun, wetoldthtm, that our 
 religion had God for its author, and all ihcy who 
 rcjciSled it would perifli cverlallingly. This, however, 
 did not fatisfy them, for they had the aflurance to tell 
 us, that their gods were equal to ours. Nay, they ui- 
 ten ridiculed our holy ceremonies, tilling us, that 
 they knew no difference between the wuilhip of a h(>|{ 
 and a wafer. 1 Toon found that little good could lie 
 done in this place, and therefore I rcfolved to leave 
 it, having feen in it every thing worthy of my no- 
 tice. 
 
 The city of Kin- Hoa is fituated upon an eminence, 
 having a river running below it ; and the prol'pcdt 
 from the houfes is both extenfive and delighilul. 
 Here are many fine building!, and a vaft number of 
 temples, where the people go to woifhip thtir idols. 
 Thefe temples are curioufly conftru£lcd, each having 
 a (brt of pyramid on the top, in the form of one 
 of our fpires ; and around them are gardens for 
 the priefts to walk in when they converic with the 
 Devotees. The ftreets are broad ; but lb ir.uch 
 crouded, that a ftranger fcarce knows how to get 
 along i and there are fo many (hops for all forts of 
 Chlncfe goods, that one who is not acquainted with 
 the country, would not imagine there was a dwellliig- 
 houfe in the city. There are men appointed to keep 
 the ftreets clean ; but that is in a manner impo/Tible, 
 for in hot weather the duft becomes fufiocating, and 
 when rain falU, the whole is like a puddle, or nuiv. 
 I'he people have plenty of all forts of provifions, 
 particularly mutton, which fecms to be the moft fa- 
 vourite flcfh, made ufe of bv the inh.ibitants in 
 winter; but in fummer thr\ jve another difli ftill 
 more agreeable, it is called 'I ^ u-fu, and, is a fort of 
 palte made of kidney-beans. They diaw the milk out 
 of the beans, and Iqueezing it together, make it up 
 into great cakes, fomewhat refeniblingchecfcs. I'he 
 hody of it is as white as fnow, and to look at it, no- 
 thing can appear finer. Sometimes it is eaten raw a* 
 we eat cheefe ; but the moft polite way is, to boil 
 it, and drefs it yp with herbs, fifli, and vinegar. 
 When eaten alone by itfelf, it it very infipid, but 
 dreflcd in this manner, is exceeding good, and fo it 
 is when fried with a little butter. 1 hey J\ave it alfo 
 dried and fmoaked, and mixed with carraway feeds, 
 which is the heft of all. It is incredible to think 
 what vaft quantities of it are confumed in China, and 
 much more furprifiog ftill to think where they can 
 procure fo many kidney-beans. Tnis is eafily an- 
 fwered ; China is one of the moft fertile countries in 
 the world, and yields all forts of herbs. I'hefe 
 beans grow without cultivation i even in the fcarceft 
 ti mes this food may be had fo cheap as one halfpen ny per 
 pound, which is above twenty of our ounces, and it 
 IS of great fervice to thofe who travel, becaufe it majr 
 be eaten ra)v like our cheefe; or if they have an op* 
 portunity, they may drefs it. It has one quality pe- 
 culiar to itfelf, and that is, it has the fame cfTedl upon 
 the conftitution, let the climate be what it will ; and 
 it is well known that in fuch a vaft extent of territo- 
 ry as the einpire of China is, there muft be a variety of 
 climates. This is the reafon why the teu-fu is fo much 
 efteemed in China, for it frequently happens that 
 merchants travel from one extremity of the empire to 
 the other, which they could not do without food of 
 this nature. 
 
 Leaving this part of China, I took leave of my 
 brethren, it being my inclination to vifit the capital of 
 the empire, where I knew our order had a church. I 
 thought at firft to have gone by land; but the many 
 difficulties which prefented themfelves to my view, in- 
 duced me to alter my propofed plan, and make ufe of 
 the moft eafy conveyance. Accordingly, I ordered a 
 boat ; but no fooner was it ready, than I found myfelf 
 under fre(b difficulties. 
 
 The officers appointed to conduA me, intimated, 
 
 that 
 
 f: 
 
TRAVELS IN CHINA. 
 
 $9? 
 
 that they expei?lcd more money than their due i which 
 at firlldid not lurprifc mc much, bccaufe I had al- 
 ways tburid thefe lort of people taking every opportu- 
 nity lO iinpofe upon ftraiigers, and get from them all 
 they could. I did not rightly know in what manner 
 to conduiS myfelfi I was among ttranijirs and in- 
 fidels j and thmigh I knew fomttliing of their lan- 
 guage, yi't I was inlirely unacquainted with many of 
 their culloms. Kver lubmiflivc to the civil power, 
 1 was determined to be obedient in all thinsjs, fo far as 
 they did not interfere with my religious lentiments, 
 and even comply with their extortion as far as lay in 
 my power. This I confidcred as the real mark of a 
 Chnllian, and I am fure it is confiftent with all the 
 rules laid down by our fociety. Had refinance been 
 legal, it would have been imprudent, and every one 
 muK know that prudence isamoral, as well as a Chrif- 
 tiun virtue. 
 
 They afligncd mc an officer to attend me, who ap- 
 peared to be too bufy, and I began to imagine that he 
 would in the end become troublefome. 1 his gave me 
 fome uncafinefs ; fo that in order to -iiake my journey 
 as agreeable as polTible, 1 lent a fmall prcfent to the 
 clerk, defiringhim to fend me anotlier officer in the 
 room of him who had been appointed. Accordingly 
 another was fent me, who, from his whole condui^t, 
 gave me caufe to have a different opinion of him 
 than I had of the firfl-. I had not failed above 
 half a day from Kin Hoa, when I was over- 
 taken in another boat by my companions, and we 
 failed together five days longer, not imagining that 
 any thing more than common was to happen to us j 
 but we were miflaken, for on the 6th day, the chief 
 mngiftrate of the city overtook us, put us in irons, 
 and fent us back under a ftrong guard to FCin-Hoa, 
 where we were confined in prifon eight days, without 
 hearing of any crimes that had been imputed to us. 
 All that time 1 lay upon a few boards, vith a blanket 
 over me ; and fuch was the fevcrity of the fcafon, that 
 I ulmoll \oH the ufeof my limbs. 
 
 On April 21, we were taken out of prifon, in or- 
 der to be fent to the imperial city ; and though a 
 boat was allowed us at the public expcncc, yet they 
 made us pay for another, under pretence that the 
 firft was not good enough. 
 
 A guard of horfemen were appointed us, who rode 
 by the fide of the canal, and were every now and then 
 relieved by others ; for one fcldom conies to a ftage 
 without meeting fome foldiers. Thefe foldiers, aswcllas 
 the failors who conduflcd the boat, treated us wi(h all 
 manner of civility ; and whenever we told them we 
 wanted any thing, they went and brought it to 
 us. 
 
 After failing ten d.iys upon the famou&canal which 
 divides China in an equal line from north to fouth, 
 we came to the city of Zu-Cheu, and rcfted there 
 five d.iys, being much fatigued. In this city I 
 met with fome of my own brethren, who, like myfelf 
 and my companions, were prifoners, having been ta- 
 ken up on fufpicion j the people being utterly ignorant 
 of our fL il tharafters. At the end of the five days 
 we proceeded on our voyage up the canal, and came 
 to the Red River, which frightened us much on ac- 
 count c 1" its vaft number of whirlpools. Juft as we 
 pafied this frightful place, we met with two more 
 jefuits, who were prifoners like oiirfclves, and we 
 were much delighted with their converfation. 
 
 It is impolfiblc todefcribe the vaft numbers of vef- 
 feh we faw on this canal, and on the Red River ; 
 fome were fmall, others of confiderable burthen ; and 
 it frequently was with gre.it difficulty that we could 
 get through them. 
 
 At the cullom-houfrs the water was entirely covered 
 with them J and it fomctimcs happened that we were 
 detained two hours before we could be admitted to 
 have our baggage examined. At each of thefe cuf- 
 ■ tom-houfes were two Tartarian officers, who got 
 above fifty pounds a day each, in prefents from the 
 
 fiaflcngers. We difputed with them concerning the 
 egality of their fees, but we foon found that they had 
 Vol. II. No. ji. 
 
 too much power to pay any regard to our argu- 
 ments. 
 
 Leaving our boat, becaufc the water was fallen, we 
 went on fliore, and travelled two hundred Lagues 
 ovor a plain country, wifh carts, in which we were 
 placed as malefaflors. The weather was extremely 
 hot, but every now-and-then wc met with a cooling 
 Itrcam, and ilie poor peafants in the country fold us 
 apricots for a penny a dozen, and eggs at the fame 
 price. In this valley we thought to have converted 
 a manilarin, who declared that he was willing to be 
 baptized ; but when we told him that he muft part 
 with all his concubines, he rcfufed to comply. How- 
 ever, he made us a prefent of a (hccp, with fomo 
 rice, and fuch other things as we wanted. He was 
 a man far advanced in years, had a fon who com- 
 manded in the army, and who had been advanced to 
 a very high rank. He told us he loved oui religion 
 extremely well, but he could not either in confcience 
 or honour turn oft" his wives, and leave them toftarve 
 in order to pleafc our God. 
 
 It is wonderful to think what numbers of people 
 we met upon this road, fome on mules, fome on afles, 
 others in litters, and others carried in fedans. All 
 that paftl'd knew us by our beards : (bmc endeavoured 
 to comfort us, by telling us that all things concern- 
 ing us were fettled, fo that we would be fet at liberty j 
 while others faid that we were in a very unhappy fitu- 
 ation, «hich was what we expeded ; noneof thefe 
 things afFeiled us, for as we havi not given oft'cnce to 
 any one, fo we knew that our own comcicnccs did not 
 condemn us. But I muft not leave this part of the 
 fubjciS without taking notice of the country through 
 which we parted. And here 1 am, as it were, at a 
 lofs, to dcfcrihe its many beauties, and its admirable 
 delicacies. We faw thoufands of men and boys em- 
 ployed in hufbandry, and the whole of the country 
 wore the appearance of a garden. The houfcs were 
 numerous, fmall, neat, and clean, in their outward 
 appearance ; for we were not permitted to go into any 
 of them. Every houfe had a fmall inclolurc before 
 the dear ; and behind, the garden was overfprcad with 
 trees. 
 
 Adjoininp^ to the houfes is a feparatc building all oil 
 one floor, the windows of which look into the garden, 
 and this is the place where the women refide, no man 
 being permitted to vifit them befidcs their hulbands. 
 In fome countries this would feem a harfh re ':raint, and 
 it is certainly inconfiftcnt with the natur' rights of 
 human beings j but this makes no manne /t differenec 
 in China, nor indeed in any of the .icrn countries 
 where the women are brought up from their early in- 
 fancy, without ever converling with the other fex till 
 they are married. The women fpend their time in 
 dumeftic offices, in nuifing their children j and as they 
 are utterly unacquainted with what pafles in the world 
 at large, or even in their own ncijjhbourhood, focen- 
 fequentJy they cairhave no afpiring views, nor do they 
 ever hope to fee their condition changed while they 
 arc in this world. 
 
 All the way as we travelled along, we faw very beau- 
 tiful villages, with fome market-towns; and as they 
 have particular markets and fair-days, fo we faw valt 
 numbers of the country-people carrying their fruits, 
 corn, herbs, and other things to bedifpofed of at thefe 
 places for the benefit of the inhabitants. 
 
 Wedid not hearafingle complaint either of thcff, 
 robbery, or murder ; for the people travelled toge- 
 ther as all mankind ought to do; that is, as children 
 of the fame common family. Happy if ,we Euro- 
 peans could, or would live in this manner; but fome- 
 thing unattended to prevents it. We value ourfelves 
 on our politcnefs, which in fome meafure may be 
 true J butbe thisasit may, taking the great outlines in 
 one point of view, are not we in many things more 
 deftitute of humanity, than many of thofe whom 
 we are weak or foolifh enough to call Barbarians f I 
 only mention thefe things, that Europeans may learn 
 not to accufe the inhabitants of other parts of th« 
 world of cruelty and barbarity, uptil they have 
 7 O &ft 
 
 '■!;■■ ■ . 
 
 ^..■Af 
 
" 
 
 ''XJiJifMiitiittim^'- 
 
 TRAVKLS Ifl CHINA. 
 
 lirft convinced mankind that they tlwfnrclvc* are more 
 humane. Bot leaving (here rcflcAioni, Ifhallgoon 
 with my narrative. 
 
 On the eve of St. Peter and At. Paul, in the morn- 
 ing, we came into the imperial city of Peking, and 
 were foon enough to attend mafi in the church of thr 
 Jefiiits, and tt^dine with our brethren. Within a 
 few days wc were joined by thofc who lived in other 
 provinces I fo that we were about thirty in number) 
 and would have been more, had not feme of nur 
 Older made their cfcape in a Dutch fliip, bound I'ur 
 the Manilas. 
 
 We continued In the imperial city till the 13th of 
 September, on which day wc received .'entence of 
 baniOimcnt to Macao. Tliis is a fmall territory fub- 
 
 Je£t to China, which had been in pofTeflion of it one 
 lundred and fifty years. H.)wever, upon a repie- 
 fentation of the condui^l of the Portuguefe having 
 ticen made to the emperor of Cnina, he ordered them 
 •II to be expelled, or tn pay a certain ranfoni nsfhould 
 be impofed upon them. The latter they j.'omplicd 
 with} and though they receive fome benefits arifmg 
 from trade, yet they arc kept in fuch a ftate of (l;ivery 
 by the Chinel'e, that thry are the mod mifcrable br- 
 ings in the world. Every foot of ground tlwy have 
 is taxed, and they arc obliged to pay u, cy fur every 
 thing they import. But notwir* .landing all thefe 
 difadvantages and difcoura-efn nts, the place conti- 
 nued for many years to fiuuriHi ; and when I arrived 
 there, I found no Icfs ^han three churches, and five 
 convents. The p«)ple, natives of the place, traded 
 chiefly with the Japanele and the Portui,uefc, by 
 exchanging goods with thcm.anJ acquired tonfiJerablc 
 profit. But the Spaniards havinu: niadefcltliiTitnts in 
 the Manilas, the trade of Portugal fiifl fell into decay, 
 and foon after the Dutrh cngrolTcd the whole com- 
 fflerce of Japan to themfelves. 
 
 The inhabitants of Macao, that is the original 
 ones, arc all Chinefe, and there they carry on their 
 different manufactures ; but many dilputes havearifen 
 from time to time, between iliem and the jefuitt, 
 who had been fent miflioners from Spain and Portugal. 
 This gives much offence to the Chinefe Government ; 
 fo that at one time an crder came to expel all the je- 
 fuitt out of the pLice ; but fome of their brethren in 
 Peking procured them favour. It is certain that the 
 jefuits, though in many refpeiSts men of very exalted 
 charaillcrs, have always made themfelve* too bufy in 
 meddling with the affairs of fecular princes; and as 
 for many years they reigned as lords over the confci- 
 ences of men of the higneff rank in Europe, fo they 
 were vain enough to imagine they could do fo witn 
 the Afiitic princes. 
 
 A little before I came to Macao, the catholic 
 biihop had committed a woman to prifon for living in 
 fornication with a Tartarian foldier. This part of 
 thebifliup's condudgavc great offence to thcfuldiers ; 
 and accordingly at noon day, they came and broke 
 open the prifon doors, and let the woman at liberty, 
 not one daring to call in queftion what thev did. 
 Much about the fame time a youngwoman, who had 
 been baptized, ran away with a Chinefe } and many 
 Others did the fame : for though the bifliop impri- 
 foncd above fixty of them, yet all thefc women found 
 means to make their efcape ; fo that our labours proved 
 in a manner unfuccef^ful. 
 
 While we were at Macao, I made fo many converts, 
 that I was obliged to get another .of our brethren to 
 •(lift me in hearing their confcflions ; but what grieved 
 me much was, that I found .'omc of our order had 
 extorted money from the people when they came to 
 confefs their fint. The Chinefe magiffratcs in Macao 
 did not efteem us much, for they took every opportu- 
 nity in iieir power to affront us in one refped or 
 Other. One day wc had a proccffion in honour of 
 St. iignatius, our founder ; and, as if it had been to 
 mortify us as much as poflible, the governor of the 
 place ordered a coffin to be carried un the (houlders 
 of fix men, juft befide the image of our Saint. One 
 of my converts drew his fword, and would have (tab- 
 
 bed the men, but I reflrained him, left we (hould 
 have been all maffiicrcd. We conliaucd llvcral 
 months in this place | and from tl.rncc went agajn 
 for the Manila Itlands, where we were kindly re- 
 ccivrd by the bifhop and clergy." Su far this learned 
 irfuit, who, like many others of the Kiiman Catho- 
 lics, ap|)ears to have been both luptrltitious and 
 credulous, but relates no more than what came under 
 his own oblervaiiun. 
 
 We (hall now attend, more particularly than wo 
 have hitherto done, to what has been written by 
 another learned jc(uit. Father I.eCompte, wlio refilled 
 in that Empire upwards of twenty years. Speaking 
 of the populoufncfs of China, lie gives us a 
 more rational and confiftent accotint of it than nny 
 wc' hnve ever met with. We fays, " 'I'hc inhabi- 
 tants of a place, wit'.) refpci^t lu numbers, are not to 
 bf pioperly known from viewing the crouds we meet 
 with in the ftrects, and particuh'riy at Peking. 
 
 t'lrlf, Bccaufe from all the neighbouring towns vaft 
 numbers of pcalants daily lluck to Peking, as tlio 
 capital, with all i;irtr. of ufeful provifioiis, and other 
 • immoditiis, which, for want of a river, ari' broiij^ht 
 by land. This fills the eity with multiiuiles uf larts, 
 waggons, camels, and other beads of burthen j (o 
 that mi.inings and evenings, when the g.ite» arc 
 opened and fhut, there arc fuch vail crouds iit people 
 going in and cominj^, <>.t, that one is obliged to wait 
 acuiilideiahle time before admittance can be obtained ; 
 and yet few, and fonietimes none of tliel.: arc 
 citizens i fo that while the city is thronged with peo- 
 ple, the country has fcarcu any left in it, bciidcs 
 women and children. 
 
 Secondly, Mod artificers work in their cuffomcrs' 
 houfcs i not only taylors and flioe-makers make 
 cloaths and (hoes at every man's houle or lodgings, 
 but even their fmitht carry with them their anvil, 
 furnace, and other implements for their ordinary ufe. 
 So that they are continually about, looking out for 
 bufinefs, which much increafcs the throng. 
 
 Thirdly, When a perfon of rank goes from one 
 part of the city to another, every perfun belonging to 
 him follows in his train, except the women. Now 
 as the Chine(eare fond of pomp and grandeur, and as 
 they keep at many fervants as their circumftances will 
 permit, fo it is no wonder that fuch vaff crouds 
 (hould be daily feen in the ftreets. 
 
 Laflly, When a mandarin goes abroad any- where, 
 all his officers as well as domeltics attend him, and 
 fometimet one of thefe mandarins will have two or 
 three hundred in his train. The princes of the blood, 
 and all the great ofHcers of ftate, go always abroad 
 with large troops of horfemen ; and as they are obliged 
 to he at court once every day, fo their equipages 
 alone are enough to crouo the (treets, fuppofing there 
 were no other perfons in it but them. Thefe things 
 ferve to (hew, that Peking is far from being fo popu- 
 lous as it appears to be, but it is allowed that there 
 are near two millions of inhabitants in it." 
 
 We have already taken notice that the emperor has 
 only three wives, or enprefils, whofe children can be 
 legitimate, but let us hear what Lc Compic fays of his 
 concubines. 
 
 The number of the emperor's concubines, (fays 
 he) is never known, nor is it fixed. They are never 
 fcen by any man but himfelf, nor is any perfon per- 
 mitted to enquire concerning them, though the em- 
 peror fometimes diverts hiinielf in company, when he 
 reflefts upon their virtues and accomplifhments. 
 They .ire all women of quality; which the man- 
 darins, or governors of provipccs, chufe out, and 
 fend up to the palace; where tley are kept from all 
 correfpondence, even with their cwn parents. Many 
 of them are never taken notice of by the emperor. 
 Each has a feparatc apartment, with women to wait 
 on them, together with all forts of the mod codly 
 furniture. They are not permitted to converfe on 
 any fubjefls relating to civil -iffairs, nor are fecrets 
 communicated to them ; for the Chinefe fay, " That 
 Heaven has endowed women yvith good nature, mo- 
 
 1 
 
 a 
 
 e 
 f( 
 
TRAVELS 
 
 ilcfty, and innocence, ih;\l they may look after their 
 faiiitlien, iuul talce care of the ciluc.ition of tlieir 
 chiiilrcn ) but men only have ftrcngili of body and 
 mine) to rule the vviirlj, And theicfuie, by way of 
 jert, they c»ll KiiiDpc, Tht Laiiiti Kingdom, becaule 
 there the fceptre olteii f.ills into the hands of women, 
 
 The Chinefe ranic their cities into three clalFcJ ; 
 the firll coir.iiiis about one iuinilred and fiMy, and 
 thcle are for tli; molt put capitals of provim es. Tht 
 fee on I el.ifs coiififts of two hundred and fi venty, and 
 thcfe fuborJinate to the jurifdiition of the tirlh 'i'hc 
 third cl.ifs confills of twelve hundred, which .ire of 
 Icfs note than the fecond ; and they have three hundred 
 wall d towns, where garrifoi\s of foldiers arc con- 
 ftantly kept. The villages are almu(( niimberleOi, 
 cfpccially in the fouthern provinces; and in the pro- 
 vinces of Xanfi and Xenfi they are for the moft 
 part furrounded with walls, ditcher, and iron gates, 
 wliirh tlie people (hut at mf^ht, and uuard in the day 
 tiiTii , to prevent being robbed and plundered by 
 paiiiesof Mongul Tartars. 
 
 Ucfiirt the 'I'artars conquered China, Nankin was 
 the c.tp'tal city ; and though it is in fome meafure 
 fallen to decay, yet there is Itill lo much to be feen as 
 to point out its former grcatnels. It has rather the 
 appearance of a ruined province, than a city j fcr it 
 was formerly inclofed within three walK, and was no 
 Icfs than forty miles in circumference without, 
 which is little lel°> thin tht bounds of the antient 
 cities of Nineveli and Uabylon 
 
 When the inhabitants refided in this famous city, 
 they «cre in a manner numberlefs j its fiiuation, fer- 
 tility of foil, and commodious haven, all joined to 
 promote the riches and grandeur of the place, and its 
 commerce extended to mod of the eaftern nations. 
 The flreels arc pavii), which is an advaniaije Peking 
 docs not enjoy ; and the houfes, though low, are 
 neat and clean, and the fltnps hlled with all forts of 
 rich filks, with many other forts of collly wares. It 
 is fituated in the centicof the empire; and though 
 it is not now the metropolis, yet it is ftill more po- 
 pulous than Peking. All the mandarins, and other 
 Icaiiicd men who are out of employment, come to this 
 place for I lie benefit of ftudy, there being fcveral ex- 
 cellent libraries maintained at the public expence. 
 There are fevtral printing-houfes here, and the work- 
 men are reckoned the mell ingenious in the empire, 
 being far fuperinr to thofe in the capital city. No- 
 thing but political rcafons of llate could prevent the 
 emperor from r^fiding here, for it has the following 
 conveniencics which Peking dots not enjoy. 
 
 Firft, it is fituuted on the river Ikiam, which is 
 the largeft, dcepeft, and moft navigable iii t hi: whole 
 empire, being above a mile broad at the city fide. 
 Secondly, there was a royal obfervatory on the top of 
 a mountain, which is now too much negleiSlcd, but 
 would n(e again into repute if the court was kept 
 here. Thirdly, there is a ftrong tower, built in the 
 formof a caftic, which was formerly a magazine for 
 arms, and in it a garrifon of foldiers were kept ; but 
 the chief delign for which it was built, was to be a 
 place of refuge for the emperor and his court during 
 a fiegc. And laftly, there is a grand (Irudure without 
 the gates, called the Temple of Gratitude, built about 
 four hundred years ago, by the emperor Yon-lo, and 
 was once the moft magnihcent ftruAure in the em- 
 pire. 
 
 It it raifedon a ftrong foundation of large bricks, 
 and encompafted with a rail of unpolillied marble. 
 The afcent to the firft hall is by twelve ftep', and 
 tlic front is adorned with a fpacious gallery, with 
 curious pillarl. The roofs are covered with green 
 fliiniiig tiles, and the ceiling is painted in ll-vcral 
 pieces, differently wrought, which, with the Chinefe, 
 is conlidcred as a very great ornament. It has no 
 light but what comes m at the doors, which are three, 
 and extremely large. Its figure is that of an oftagon, 
 each part-being fifteen feet wide; fo that it is forty 
 feet in breadth, and one hundretl and twenty in cir- 
 cumference. Round it It a wall fupporting a pent' 
 
 I N 
 
 CHINA. 
 
 «9 
 
 ■ 
 
 houfc, which comet from the tower, and forms a 
 pretty fort of gallery. This tower it nine l^uriet 
 high, each ftory being adorned with ■ cornice tnree 
 feet wide at the bottom of the windows, and diftin- 
 guilhed by little peni-houfes as the former) but every 
 ftory it narrower and narrower, as the tower rifei 
 higher. The wall at the bottom 'rat leaft twelve 
 feet thick, and above eight and a half at the top, co- 
 vered over with China plates ; fu that when the furt 
 ftiines upon them, it dazzles the eyes of the beholder. 
 The ftair-cafc is narrow, and tiouilcfome to afceiid, 
 becaufe the fteps are very high, which renders it very 
 inconvenient to thofe who are not accuftomed to it. 
 Kach ftory hits a room floored with timber, and the 
 ceiling it beautified with paintings. The walls of 
 the upper rooms have nitches in them ; in each of 
 which is the figure of one of their idols, and thefe 
 have a good efUdt on iht beholder who views them at 
 a diftancc. The grcateft part of the building it 
 gilt over, and looks like carved ftune or marble; but 
 It is only a fine fort of brick, which the Chinefe arc 
 very ingenious in making. 
 
 'I'hc whole builuiiig Imm the bottom of the bafis 
 to the top of the cupola, is two hundred feet, and 
 the cii|)ola is of itfilf a very grand ornament to the 
 ftruilurcj being like thcniaft of a fliip, about which 
 runs a Ipiral line of iron at fome diftancc from it, and 
 on the toj) is placed a large gilded ball. From this 
 tower ore has a profpecl of the whole city, the river, 
 and all the country adjoining, to a vaft diftance, 
 where a fort of terreftrial paradife prefcnts itfelf to the 
 view; containing cities, towns, villages, andathou- 
 fand other objects, which lead the mind away in a fort 
 uf picafing captivity. I'hiscity is likewifc famous for 
 its bells, of which there are three in fo many different 
 towers ; and thefe were conftrudlcd and hung up 
 under thcdireiSlion of the jefuits, in the fame manner 
 as thofe at Peking. Thefe bells do not differ much 
 from each other in fize ; and though they are all lefs 
 than the great bell we have mentioned at Peking, yet 
 they are fo large, that their found is heard at a great 
 diftance. They are tolled every hour in the night j 
 and ferve as a fignal for the watch to go round, to 
 fee that every thing is kept in proper order, and that 
 no perfon is found walking in the ftrects ; for all 
 thofe who are found out of doors, are taken into cuf- 
 tody till morning, when they are carried before a 
 magiftrate, and obliged to give an account of them- 
 felves. 
 
 Sigen, the capital city of Xenfi, is three leagues 
 in circumference, and the walls cncompafling it form 
 an cxaift fquare. Its ditches, which are partly dry, 
 are very fine, its walls are high and thick, as well as 
 the towers built upon them, and the gates arc ftately 
 like thofe of Peking. The city is divided into two 
 parts by a wall of earth ; the northern part being 
 inhabited by the Tartars, and the fouthern by the 
 Chinefe. Each of thefe diviAons maintains a gar- 
 rifon ; but that inhabited by the Tartars is by far the 
 ftrongeft, for ever fince the prefent royal family came 
 to the throne, they have made it an invariable rule to 
 de;irefs the antient Chinefe as much as polfible. Here 
 is an old palace which was the refidence of the former 
 emperors, who were powerful not only among their 
 own fubjefts, but likewife in their conqucfts of feve- 
 ral of the neighbouring provinces. The houfes 
 in this city are low, but exceedingly neat; and 
 though the trade is not extenfive, yet the inhabitants 
 enjoy many privileges, nor are they much burthcned 
 with taxes. They have plenty of China-ware here, 
 but it is not fo fine, nor well poliftied, as in other 
 parts of the empire. 
 
 The next city deferving our notice, is Ham-cheu, 
 the capital of the province of Che-kiam, and one of 
 the richeft in China. It is four leagues in circum- 
 ference, the flreets are full of people, the fuburb* 
 very large, and the canals are crouded with a vaft 
 number of boats. 
 
 The garrifon copfifts of ten thoufand men, of whom 
 only three thoufand are Chinefe, the other feven thou- 
 fand 
 
 t*\«3 
 
 / 
 
«Mi^teHMM*. 
 
 ■J..*ft»**^. 
 
 666 
 
 tRAVELS IN CHINA. 
 
 fand being Tartar*. The water of their canali i« not 
 clear, nor arc tlicir p/cetl bni.n."i but ihcir fliijn arc 
 neat, and they carry on a confidcruhle nicrch.inJili' 
 with thedift'rrcni iirdvincik next adjoining to them. 
 A little to Miecaftwaril ot the city i> a rivir about a 
 mile broad j but a little higher it \% only a ul'cler> tor- 
 rent, owin;; to the cifiVrcnt llreams u hich conipoli' 
 it, ili'uing from among a (treat nunibrr of Iniall rotk<. 
 On the wcH is a lake about fix mili'« in circunifercno , 
 and in it are a vail number of fri(h-w.»lcr h(h. The 
 water is clear, but (hiillow, ytt deep enough to cury 
 fomc large Ral-bottouKd biui", in which the young 
 peo|ile take their plealure. In the middle cf the lake 
 IS an idand where there is a Imall tempk', and fever.il 
 pleafure-houlcs for the young people to reg.ile them- 
 felves at. 
 
 About four leagues didancc front Ham-eheii (lands 
 Su-cheu, a city ol equal binnclv and extent, being 
 likcwife about four degrees in lireumfcrtnce, 1( is 
 the ufu.il rcfidencT of a viceroy, and carnc:; i>n a con- 
 fidcrable trade. The vail crmids of piopk- daily f en 
 at the cu(tiim-ho«f , would induce a llr.iiiger to be- 
 lieve that it is extrtiiR'ly populous, and yet it is not 
 fo well inhabiti'd as many other cities ot the fame lize 
 in the empire. 
 
 The whole of this province is fo well cultivated, 
 that there are towns and cities every- where within 
 fight of each other. .Some of thcfe towns unci cities 
 are large I others are fnul! ^ but all of them aic io 
 populous, that it is difficult to j;it through the croud. 
 1"he river ICiaMi, which runs throug'i this province, 
 has feveral well built towns upon us b:inks, particu- 
 larly Yam-cheu, one of the niort rcm.irkablc cities in 
 the whole empire, and which the Chincle fay con- 
 tains a million of inhabitants. This however is not 
 true; for, upon theclofed obfcrvations we could make, 
 it did not appear that there were above 50,000 inhabi- 
 tants. For notwithllanding vail crouds nt people VN'ere 
 there daily, yet upon enquiry we found that they 
 were no others than fucli as came from the country, 
 in order to difpof.- of provifions. 
 
 Among the cities and towns in China, there are 
 fome in the provinces of Yun-Nan, Quei-Cheuni, 
 Quam fi, and Su-Cheum, which pay no tribute to the 
 empertir, nor yield him any obedience ; but are go- 
 verned by their own princes, who exercife an abfolute 
 authority over them. They are invironed with high 
 mountains and deep rocks, within which are fields 
 and plains of foveral days journey, full of cities, vil- 
 lages and towns. The Chinefe call thefc mandarins 
 of the country ; becaufe, as they think there is no 
 emperor in the world but theirs, fo there is no prince 
 or lord but what he makes. 
 
 Thefe people can (peak the fame language with the 
 Chineli; i but they have another peculiarly to them- 
 felves, and in many thin'^s their manners and euf- 
 toms diflxr; but in their uiapes, ftature, and com- 
 plexions, they are alike. They excel the L'hi- 
 nefe in courage and valour, for which realcio the lat- 
 ter having not been able to fubdue them, have con- 
 tented thcmfelves to fuffcr them to live in peace within 
 theinclofuresof their mountains, and to canyon a 
 free trade witTj them. It is true, however, that about 
 two years ago, 1744, one of thefe independent princes 
 was fubdued, and brought prifoner to Peking, with 
 all his wives and children. The emperor having ex 
 amined them feparately, ordered them all, except one 
 young boy, to be maflacrcd before his fa'-c ; but ftill 
 there are many of them who do not even at prefent 
 fubmit to the Chinefe government. 
 
 VVc have already Ipoken of Macon, which is the 
 mod foutherly town in the whole Chincii: empire ; 
 and though tlic Portugucfe made confiderable profits 
 by trading to it, yet fuch was their bigotry and fupcr 
 (tilion, that they became obnoxious to the Chinefe, 
 and loll the fruits of many years labour. It was not 
 futiicient for the Portugucfe to fend their priefts into 
 a country where they tbem(i;lves only enjoyed a par- 
 tial toleration, but they went even fo far as to attempt 
 letting up the inquifition, which proved their foolifli- 
 Hcfs, ;in(l promoted their ruin. 
 
 The next fea-port town to Maeoi ii Canton, » vHf 
 well known to all tli ife Kuk peans wh- trade by (cii 
 with the Chinefe. It is a l.ii{;e city, walled round, 
 and l.ikes its name from a river luiiiiing bcTide it, 
 which is fo commndious to. fliippiiio, (hat the laigcit 
 vclUU can go up it. It is to ihis ciiy that all the 
 Knglilli bad India (bipsgo wluii llicy trade to China i 
 but the mand.u ins will not (uHi r any o( ihe pallVn- 
 |." r-i to come wilhin the gates, Io that ihcy arc obliged 
 III puichiifc their i^oodiin the lubuibs. 
 
 Ill the nroviiueot Fo-kien it another celebrated fea- 
 port, csllfd Kmoni, from an idand of that name, 
 I'lcri: the largi II lhi)>s can ride in faletv, and may come 
 .IS near the flioie as they picale. The trade of this 
 pl.iee has been lately much improve<l, and dill con- 
 '.inius to eiicrcale. Here the emperor kerps a garrilon 
 of levcn thoufand men, iindir a Chinefe commander, 
 but mod of the foldiers are Tiiitars. The J.iponcic 
 (end their (hips here annually, and bring home goods, 
 which they fell to the Dutch, w ho are the only Eu- 
 ropianstliat ti.ule vcitli them. One is furpiifed to fee 
 what vad iiumbers of veHels come into this harbour, 
 and what great multitudes are continually going out ; 
 and here it may he neeellary toobferve, that in ex.iit- 
 iiig c ullom-houfe duties, the Chinefi mealurc the fliip, 
 without enquiring into ihe nature of the cargo. 
 
 In the more catferly part of China is Niiiipo, the 
 entrance into which is difficult for fhips of large bur- 
 then 1 the bar at the highed tides not being above fif- 
 teen feet. 'Ihis place, like that already n.cniioned, 
 carries on a great tiade to Jap.iii, it being but a day's 
 fail to Nanguz.iki, whither they cany filks, fugar, 
 drug-, and wine, which they exchange for gold, hl- 
 ver, and brafs. Ninipo is a city of the fiid dais, but 
 it was much damaged in the wars between the Chi- 
 neli; aud the Tartars i yet the walls arc dill in good 
 condition, the city and fuburbs well inhibited, and 
 the garrifon pretty numerous. There are many tri- 
 umphal arches here in memory of viiilories obtained 
 bv the ancient Chinefe over the Tartars, but ni.ad of 
 thcin arc now falling to decay, Thiy confid of three 
 great arches abread, built witii large nmrblc dones, 
 and the centre one is placed higher than the others 
 The columns that fupport them are fometimes round, 
 but more commonly fquare, but they have no capitals. 
 They are adorned with beautiful figures, and em- 
 bofled fculptures, wrought loofc one within another, 
 flowers carved, and birds flying as it were from the 
 done, which are coiifidered as real mader-pieces of 
 art, and equal to any that are to be met with in 
 China. 
 
 With reCpeiSl to the habits worn by the men in 
 China, many of them are diftercnt from others, not 
 only on account of the manners and cudoms of the 
 provinces where they live, but likewife the difFcrenct 
 in men's dations and charailers. The men fliave 
 their heads all over, except that part next to the 
 neck, where they fuffer a finall tuft of hair to grow { 
 and they wear on their heads .^ fort of bonnet or cap, 
 which civility forbids them to pull oft'. Their bon- 
 nets differ according to the feafon of the year ; that 
 which they wear in fummer, is thin, and loofe, like 
 a cowl, being wiiUr below, and terminating in a 
 point. This is lined with fattii., and the top is co- 
 vered with a thinmat, which is much edeemed through- 
 out the empire. In liiling, they wear a fort of long 
 hair dried, tinged of a rcddifh colour, fo deeply, 
 thattherainmayinakenoimprenion uponit. Thishair 
 grows white u,.on the le{«« of cows, in the province of 
 Souchven j and having teceived this tindure, it is fold 
 at a higher price than the fined filks. In winter 
 they wear a pluflicap, bordered with a fable fox-flcin, 
 and the rell is of a curious fattin, black or purple, 
 covered with red filk. Thefc caps are extremely 
 handfome, and fell for eight or ten crowns apiece, 
 but they are fo Ihallow that they do not cover the 
 ears. 
 
 The mandarins in their families wear upon their 
 bonnets a diamond, or fomc other precious done, 
 ill-cut, fet in a button of gold curioufly wrought. 
 
 Otfieri 
 
 1. 
 
.TRAVELS 
 
 Othen hive « lafff^p piece of ftuft', with aRatc, 
 cliiyll.ll, or liime fiiih mattiT. Their h.iliit is long, 
 ' aiitl hu< foinc rcfcnibl.iiice to th.\t of a llmleiit, bui 
 i< very cumbeiloine l.ir rin'ii on horltbjck. It i'oii(ill% 
 of »>•{(♦, wliith rcniliis to tlu'i-'roiiiul, the tkiits ot 
 which btint; folJiil before, are falUiied on ihc left fide 
 with four or live gold or filvcr buttoin. The (Icevcs 
 nrc wide toMardi the (hduldcr, and grow (horter and 
 Ih'irter, us they dcfcend down to the waill j nor is any 
 thing tobe fecii of the bands, bclidcl the tops of tlie 
 fingers. They keep their velli dole to their bodies 
 by a bro.i(l filken falh, the ends of which re.ich down 
 to the knees. The Tartars, to diniii;;uilh thcmfilves 
 from the Chincic, wear a kiiifc .iiid a lork llucit into 
 a handkerchief, and l.iltcned tothelilli, toj;ether with 
 fevcral other triflint', tbinf;>. In liininicr they weai 
 their necks bare, which to an European would .ippcar 
 as bordering upon indecency ) but in jvintcr tbcy co- 
 ver their necks with plulh fattin, or foxes Ikinv, 
 which makes iheni appear very well oi\ liorfeback. 
 Above this they wear a furtout, which covers their 
 bodies all the way down to the feet, and thefe have 
 much the fame appearance as mir barrilters gowns. 
 The ftudents in the fchools wear their uowns very 
 long i but the gentlemen, i-jrticularly the Tartars, 
 have them made (hort. 
 
 The under garment in fummer is only a llnglc pair 
 of drawers of white tafFaty, undi;r a Ihirt of the 
 f.ime Ikuft') but in winter their fliirts urc made of 
 linen, and under them they wear a piece of quilted 
 cotton, or raw filk. They always wear boots ; and 
 if any perfon happens to vifit them, and they have 
 not their boots on, the vifltor is obliged to wait till 
 they are fetched. This cuftom belongs entirely to 
 the Tartars, for as they never go to war without 
 hoots, fo they think It difhonouruhle to be feen in any 
 other drcfs. Their boots are not like ours, for they 
 have neither heel nor top ; and when they go on a 
 Ion, journey, they are made of firm old leather, or 
 thic\ , black pinked cotton ; but in towns and cities, 
 ihcy ufually wear them of fattin, with a border of 
 plulli or velvet on the knee. The people in otHce, and 
 thole of fupcrior diliindlion, w:ar pr.ttcns inftead of 
 lliocs, and they arc covered «ith linen, cotton, or 
 fllk. They ftirkclofe to the icet, by a border that co- 
 vers the heel without tying. 'I'hcir doflors, and other 
 learned men, let their nails grow very long, infonuich 
 that they are fomctimes as long as their lingers. Thus 
 they arc not only as an ornament, hut alfo as a dif- 
 tinihionj that it may be known that they are not con- 
 nected with mechanical arts, but wholly addii^cd to 
 the ttudy of the fciences. They likcwife fuffer their 
 beards to grow, which, in the opinion of the vulgar, 
 creates them much refpecl, and induces the people to 
 look upon them as more than ordinary beings. Of 
 thefe cuftoms the Chinefe are fo fond, that rather than 
 change their habits ordrefs, they renewed a great and 
 bloody war with the Tartars, and th? greater part of 
 them chofe rather to lofe their heads than their hair. 
 They abhor the drefs of the Europeans ; but this is 
 not to be wondered at, when we confider that they 
 know fo little of Grangers. 
 
 The peruke fo much eftecmed by Europeans, they 
 call a fantaftical head-drefs, proper only upon the 
 ftage for an adlor who would rcprcfent the devil 
 in the (hape of a man. They cannot be pcrfuaded 
 that ftockings add any grace to the figure of a man's 
 body, merely becaufe their own cuftoms, manners, and 
 drcfs have been the fame from time immemorial. Per- 
 fons of quality obferve all the ceremonies peculiar to 
 their rank in life, or the office they bear in the flatc, 
 or community ; and they never uncover themfelves 
 in any company whatever. 
 
 It is otherwife with them when in company with 
 their friends in private, for then they give way to ce- 
 remony, and enjoy all thofe pleafures which naturally 
 flow from a union of fentiments. The vulgar tranf- 
 crefs all bounds of modefty in this refpefl, particu- 
 larly in the fouthern provinces, where the boat-men 
 are fo impudent, that they go along the ftrects in finele 
 
 Vot. II. No. SI- 
 
 I N 
 
 CHINA. 
 
 601 
 
 drawers, without flioes, (lockings, or any t'linr; elfe 
 upon them. In the norlhcin pnn ince> tliiy.iua lit- 
 ilo more refcrvc-d, which may aiile Ironi niuliVLs i,\ iu> 
 icllily, bctaule 11 is more cold llierc than in the fuuth. 
 Ill luinmer many of the cniiiniotn wear nothing; ho- 
 fules a coarfe liiiiii frock, >ly>d blue or black ; and in 
 the winter they wear one qiiilt'd with cotton, and 
 lined with Iheep-lkiiiN ; but piiluns of i|ii:ility line 
 their frocks with ermine, foxes Cm 11 », i.rvhi't, .c- 
 cordin^^ to their choice. llie dial and 11. nil ilKciiiid 
 colour is fible, wliicli firms peculiar to tin- n nilrrn 
 Chinefe, in confeiiiKiicc ol ilicir dilceiit I mm tl.. I'.ir- 
 tars i who, of all othi r people in the wuiKI, Item to be 
 the fondelt of that colour. 
 
 In true politeiiefs, and in tl.c n:ac;nificcnce of 
 their buildln|.v., the Chinefe arc miuli inferinr to tlw 
 Europeans ; lor llieir an hilciitiirc is not f 1 beauii iil, 
 nor are their ap.irtnuiu.s e'lnltriieleil upon 1 pn.jei' 
 plan. Thi.« is the inoic liirpi ilim;, btcu'i e 111 many 
 of the fine arts they make conruleialile pin^^iels , na\, 
 fome piecesof their worknianfliip .iie icallv :\>lniirulilc. 
 But as there is no ctreCt without a ciiil'., fo 11 ni.iy 
 not be improper to attend to what has been wntun on 
 this fubicil by thofe who hue hid the hit! opportu- 
 nity to know i namely, thole jejuit.s who ri li.led f> 
 long in tills vaft enipiie, that thev even knew inme 
 of lonie parts of it than the natives tU' inl.h ■ •. 
 Eitft, becaufe all the pal.ices of the niandaru.s be- 
 long to the emperor, and are furmllied at the piililic 
 expencc ; I'o that the poflWrors do not give th' ni- 
 Iclvcs much trouble concerning them, knowint;that 
 their enjoyment of them will end with the cxpn.itioii 
 of their offices, or at the ulniolt sviih vheir lives, 
 And in general thofe mapilaiins are fo poor, iliat tiny 
 have feldom any thing more to fpjie, thnn what is 
 neced'ary tofupport tiieir dignity, which is i.i propuf- 
 tlon to their rank. 
 
 Secondly, becaufe the cuftom of the country for- 
 bids receiving of vifits ill any of the inner riHuns but 
 only in the yJrj.vH, which is conllrueled only I'oi tliaC 
 ceremony. It is a kind of banqucting-hotile, all 
 open, without any ornaments, except one . w of 
 columns- of painted or v,irnitlied wood. Their beds, 
 which they look upon as the principal ornament <. f 
 their houfes, never come within fight of a iirani/er -• 
 and it would be grofs incivility for anypcifon to de- 
 fire being admitted to the bed-chamber, thou^;h he 
 had feen theo'her parts of the houfe. All this mag- 
 nificence may therefore be reduced to cabinets, tables, 
 varniftlcd (krccns, fome pioluies, and piecesof white 
 fattin, upon which there arc written in large charac- 
 ters fome fliort fentences of morality, rhtfe or- 
 naments, when properly arranged, are very fine and 
 beautiful. 
 
 Varnilh is common all over China, and is of 
 fuch a nature as to take all forts of colours. I'hcv 
 mix flowers of gold and filvcr with it, and it not 
 only gives a fine luftic to the wood, but it alfo 
 prefeives it from worms, which are very niifchievousin 
 that country. No nioillure will penetrate into it, 
 nor any fccnt aftect it. It is not a compofition, as 
 fome have thought, but agum thatdiftllls from a tree 
 like rofin. It relembles pitch or tar, and mull be 
 mixed with oil, to make it iifeful ) but it has no fmcll. 
 On tables and ordinary chairs, they only lay on two 
 or three layers of varnifli, which makes it fo iranfpa- 
 rcnt, that all the veins of the wood arc difcernible; 
 but if the veins of the wood are to be entirely hidden, 
 then the varnifli muft be laid over ejuht or ten times 
 tHl it appears like a piece of ice. When the varnifh 
 is dry, they paint upon it many figures in gold, filver, 
 or any other colour, and then give it a flight touch of 
 varnijh to create anew luftre, after which the whole 
 appears extremely beautiful. 
 
 Porcelain is the ordinary fjrniture of every houfe ; 
 their tables, fide-boards, and even their kitchen Htcn- 
 fils are made of it ; for they eat and drink out of it as 
 the moft ordinary vcflels. They have large flowc.'- 
 pots of it; and their architciSfs fomctimes cover, roof, 
 and pave marble buildings with it. That which is of 
 7 P moft 
 
 VA- 
 
 -•'%. 
 
(.■■* -■"! 
 
 Ibn 
 
 tRAVET, S IN 
 
 C II r N A. 
 
 mort cftccm, i« of three iliffircnt lolmiri. Firft ycllu v, 
 which, lh(iiii;h Ihc rarth be very hue, appear* num 
 Ciurl'e ihiii (he (ilhir>, IhciiiIu ih.il olonr will mil 
 •ilnm (inc p()!ifliin(;. 'Ih'' emperor iife« iiii other iii 
 hi»pjl.ite, and will allow no ho.ly tn h. \e .my ol li ; 
 To th.it ihoiiph he lia« ilic woill loit, yet an none 
 but hinilflt ijnh.iv", Tj none may emet. Sutiiu'lv, 
 ^ley, wliieli ha* ahunil.uue ol iiri^iil.u Iiikh in it 
 Ih.it erois o'.c another, a\ it the ytlUls weir llurto'J, 
 or wrou^iit with niol.iic woik j to thin thiygivea 
 deep vaniilh, to eovir the inu|iuliiie«, aiiJ by a 
 gentle file it it iiiaile iep,iil.ir, ami pulilhiJ. 'jlieCe 
 ved'elt have J pailii iilar be.^iily, .iiid .iie iiukIi valiiiil 
 by the (iirioiM. Thirdly, the whole i% oriununtiil 
 with divers fi;^iire«ol Howtr% tree*, aiul binli, which 
 they piint In blue. Tliis \* reckoned the moll com- 
 mon nt' all ; etery prrliin ules it ; and it is the lame 
 th.it is lent into Kuiop-. Ol' ihii lort, foine is bul 
 very imlillVrent, ami not e(|iial to tli.it made in Ku- 
 ro|ie J but lliiit aie oiliir loitu (I it exe edini; fine, 
 and iiin'iiiiiiiii!; to a eonfiderablc price. The hnenels 
 it d.lUin red by the tranlparency, which is dircernihie 
 chidly about the biiiiis, that are thinner, and by 
 joining toyclher again il it he bioke, becaule tiiat is 
 a certain li^n ol th.' hardnel's, and conl'equcntly of the 
 Hnenels of the matter. 
 
 The whiicner* is olten confounded with the varnifti ; 
 but as the Ikillul in.iy dilcern ihi ni aliinder by carry- 
 ing them iiilotheair when thev are new, fo age will 
 in time make a plain dilliiRlion ) lor the bri),'htnets 
 will tarnilh, and the whiteiuls bei onie more and more 
 apparent. I he Imnotliiuls and fi lUii rseonlills in the 
 brightnefs of the va.nilli, and regularity of the iiiatlei. 
 The variiifli mult not be too thick, becaule then theie 
 will be a ciull U|ion il, and it will lliine too much. 
 
 I'Ik painting is one of the gnatelJ beauties of the 
 piircilain, ;;iid the colour* moil coiiiiiionly ufid arc 
 red .III I blue. 1 hey haye iii.tny beautiful red>, but 
 ftwoft!iiin arc lively, becaufe the ii.ii;;hntls ol the 
 matter lu ks in the ubiile pirts of the colour, and 
 theielore blur is nioie uiid. I'luir blue is the hncft 
 pcrb.ips in the world ; but it is difficult to hit upon 
 tlie nglit tiiidturc ; lo that it be neitlur too pile, nor 
 too bright. Their difi;;n< in paimiii;; arc rather 
 pretty than elegant j I ut iheir figures of men appear 
 monlhous to a llrangi r, though niueh cfteemed by 
 themfelvcs. They let a great v.iluc upon antient 
 vellels, as well as v«c, but for dill'erent reafons : wc 
 value them becaufe ibcy are fearce ; and they, becaule 
 they were made by their anceltors. Our merchants, 
 who vifit China, are not permitted to buy their goods 
 from the workmen ; fo that thev cannot ttll whether 
 they get the bcfl or i nt. IJc fides, they have no 
 opportunity lopivc ilirccTions to have any thing made 
 after a particular pattern, which if they li.id, wc 
 fliould certainly fee miiiiy things brought over to 
 Europe, uf a more curious nature than any hitherto 
 imported. Tlie cmpeior and the great men buy up 
 the finefl for theml'elves, and the workmen have but 
 an indifferent price for it. 
 
 Paintings are another kind of ornamental furniture 
 of theChinefe; but they I'o not excel In this art, be- 
 caule they are not curious in perfpectiye, though they 
 apply thcmfelves diligently to the art, and take great 
 delight in it. Moll of the paintings hung up in their 
 houTes reprcfent either the figure', or the aiflions of 
 their anccllors, if they ha. c been diDinguifhed for 
 anything grand or virtuous. If the lives of their 
 anccllors do not fiirnirti out any thing of that nature, 
 then they have figures of tiers, fowls, beads, fifhes, 
 and fometimcs laiidCcapcs. Hut whatever their paint- 
 ings reprelenty they have always fomc moral fentcnce 
 written undcrneaih, which might be extremely ufe- 
 ful to make an imprellion on the minds of thofe who 
 confider how applicable it is to the figures reprefented 
 in the painting. 
 
 In their gardens they are ftill more negligent than 
 in the furniture of their houfes, and their fancies in 
 that refpcit diOer much from ours ; for, except in 
 places f'^t jpattfor cUe buri.(l of the duad, they think 
 
 it niadiirl's to leave ary place unriiUivltcd for uffi 
 haying but little lalle U't what Kuiupeant lo inuili 
 I lb em. 'The |jw.\ cuioiii that the gii.itell part ol the 
 ' ndt be plowed ainl lovt n ; lo that fiowcr-gaiileni 
 nitli llirm air but licondai V (ibjiCtt. linowiiiglu 
 till", that bi tides having al«a)» enough ol the fruiln 
 of the e.iiili lur donullic coiilumplion, they aie able 
 (Very yi.ii to (xpoit vail i|iiantitiei tu Japan and 
 Irveial other parls. If lliey were properly fkilled in 
 the art ol loudening, and knew bow to lay out walks 
 to the 111 II advaiitagi , nothing Hould be able lo tcjual 
 the biauty of their' walks, wheic the orangcn and 
 lemons would appear to an ad\.iiit.igr, beyond either 
 imagination or deleriptioii. It mull, however, be 
 < xcrpted to » hat has bnn here laid concerning their 
 iieghcl of gardens, lli it this dora not extend to 
 ihoie of a higher rank ; lor the Cbincle nilility 
 have, accordiiig to iluii ovmi talle, the fiiiell gaidinn 
 in the world. Molt of tlule ate liil lied on the baiiki 
 of liveis ( others have can ils running through ihun ; 
 and all of them aic adorned with prelly I'ummer- 
 hoiifts. 
 
 They arc extremely fond • ' fireworks, and very 
 curious in conli lying thini, i|)ecinlly on the days i f 
 their lellivals, cf which lliey have m.iry in China. 
 One of ihile is very ren.iukatle, and is talUd the 
 T'l .ill of Lanterns. The origin of thin (call it very 
 obfeuie, but the following is the traditional account 
 concerning It, as helmed by the vulgar. 'Ihircw's 
 a famous mand.iiin, who bad a moll beautilul ui.d 
 accompliflied daughter, and one day as fhc was walk- 
 ing bv the Me ol .1 river, ftie fell in and Has 
 drowmd. 'The aflic>-.d latbir, with his family and 
 other perfons, ran to the plaie, and, that they might 
 find her the iouner, caul'ed a go at iiunber of lanteins 
 tu have lights putintluin. All the inhabitants of the 
 place thronged after hiiii with torches; and though 
 they fought all night in yain, \rt it niueli pkalid the 
 maiuhrin to fee the willinum Is of the people 10 allifl 
 and condole with him. 'The next year the people 
 went again with their lantern^. ; and lo on annually, 
 till at lalt It became an eltabliihcd cuflom. Such is 
 the traditional account of the origin of ihis fellival ; 
 but the learned men jiillly oblerve, that fuch a triflin;.; 
 occurrence as this could hardly give bi''.li to a 
 national fellival. ' The account thry ^ivr of it is the 
 following. 
 
 China, th-y f.iy, was govcrneil, about three ihoufanJ 
 fix hundred years ago, by an emperor named Kio, 
 the lail of the fitfl race. He was endowed with all 
 the qualities that can conflitute an hero ) but the love 
 of women, logciher with his other debaucheries, 
 made him a monftcr in every fpecies of guilt. Among 
 many other extravagancies which he was guilty ol, 
 he rxhaufted all his trcalures in building a tower of 
 piecious {tones in memory of oii<. of hit concubines, 
 and filled a pool with wine, for himfelf and three 
 ihoul'and young men to bathe in, after a lafcivioui 
 manner. The wiieft of his courtiers advifed him to 
 defift from fuch pradiccs ; but infteadof complying, 
 he ordered them all to be put tu death. At length 
 he committed a crime that confummated the deltruc- 
 tion of himfelf and family. One day, in the heat of 
 his debaucheiies, he complained to his favourite 
 queen, that life was too (hort, and told her, he fliould 
 be content to rrake her eternally linppy. The queen 
 anfwcrcd, that as all the human race are mortal, the 
 only way for him to enjoy |)«rfril happinefs, was to 
 forget there were any changes of th'; feafon, either of 
 years, or days, or nights. To effcdl this, Ihc p.c- 
 vailed on hiin to build a palace, into which the light 
 of the fun fliould nevcf penetrate. To fu|'ply tlie 
 want of the light of the fun, he ordered a vaft num- 
 ber of lanterns to be hung up 1 and in that place, 
 he and his favourite queen propofcd fpcnding their 
 lime in fuch a manner, as not to know when it was 
 cither day or night. 
 
 After he had been fome months lliut up in this 
 place, the people, unable to bear the opprcflioiis thty 
 laboured under any longer, took up arniii, and pvt 
 
 tbcmfelye* 
 
 % 
 
TRAVELS IN 
 
 ihriiifi'Lei UMiIrr eh« ilirci^liun of • grrtt lord ct-lc- 
 hr.iti'>l tor Ills wifil )in in priv.ilir, a< ucll as in pnhlii 
 lili'. As I'.Miii 4s llic i.ni|».'i<>r lii.iiJ ol tins luiilpii .'L) , 
 hf put liiinlL'll iit (lie hi ul (>r .III iirniy ; but his p(.'ii|>li.' 
 rIi'IikIiuiuI linn, aiiJ In- winiK'i\'il up :uul iIhaii in 
 dil^;i.ici', III! at l.ill lie >li(J tur want ol r>>iiinii>n 
 iiiiiir.irKs. In llic nii'un time thr pioplr (Ulltnycd 
 h ' p.il.Ki', .iiiil ti) piciirvc the nui.c ly 'it (mli .m 
 ■lIuiii, tiny liuii" I'll! Ijiitc'iiis III ivciy oni' ul ihr.r 
 cllirs, I Ins (ulliini lircinu' ,iniiu.il, iiiiJ h.is ivir 
 (iiKv bcL'ii the nu'll iiinlnia ilile t.llu.il in the 
 inipirr, It is iililcrviJ uith inure r»l>mnily in 
 ((•mi'Clii'U thin any wliere clle t pi ihulily liei.iuk' 
 the L'Iri'uiiiltaiicu ili.il ^.ive ri.u tu it tnuk pUte 
 therr, 
 
 'I'licy are To extr.iv.ngant .it the time of thli frltival, 
 tli.it tluy ijivc thciiilelves up tu all fnrts ii| IliDiii;;, 
 ganiiiii;, ami iliniikciiiii.-r'.. Every hunk- i>hunij; nnr 
 in til.' (unit '.vlt:i lant insi and it lie(|ueniU !■ i|>- 
 p.ns, ili.it in I'ckin^ .iluiiu they amuuiit tu upw.mls 
 ul one Imnilrcd niillinns. 
 
 H.it (lie yii'.ittft piece of magnifuencc in China, is, 
 wlieii llu emperor iimIus Ins ;;)i|pearance in pulilic. 
 lie never ihtws liiiiil.ltOpcnIy, hut in IW fpuiulida 
 inaiUKT as to llrilie th eyes ol Ih.' beli<v|ijii» with 
 nnia^eiiient) when he lides out, \vliich is hut feldiini, 
 he IS altenjed hy up sard^ ol live (iujulaiid hoilirinen, 
 and tholu not of the lower rank, luit all periuns ol 
 t.ilhiun, including ilie lords ol lil^ eoui:, with 
 iill the great olliters ul' llalc. In their dielll'*! nu- 
 tliin;^ is to be I'een hut (illts, r.iitins, gildiny, and 
 precious Hones. Kvery thin^ is Iplciulid and pump- 
 cuis : their arms, the iLirnelsol tluir horfes, uinhii I- 
 l.is, llreamers, andath.iuUnd ot!it r bjd^';es ol' rojai 
 liignily, eviry-.^here Ipaikh-.il ili.it tiii.ej yet there 
 is nothing more itj;ular th.ni tins croud i eveiyoiie 
 knowing his rerpei;tivc rank ; iinl ihe head of that 
 ■nan, or at leall his fortune lies :u Hake, who Ihoiild 
 preluine toobllruet the order of the march, home- 
 tiniishe poes without the p.reat wall into 'I'artary, for 
 the divcrfion of hunting, but is aivv.iys accomp.mied 
 by luch valt croud< of people, that it is as if he w.is 
 goin^ to take pofleinon of a imw empire. Sometimes 
 the number of thole in his retinue amuunt to lilty 
 thouland, and they aic put to many inconvenien- 
 cies, bctaufe tluy rannot encamp, but ate obliged 
 tu lay out in the fields with their horfes, during ihr 
 n:i;ht. 
 
 Ill goinu; ihefe joiirneyi, many of the men am! horfcs 
 die 1 bui the emperor makes no .tccouiu of lueh 
 thin;;s, his horles, as well as his liilj -i t», being aliiioll 
 innumerable. Forty oi lilty of tliv larLirian princes 
 tojiietopay thrir homage to him; lonieot wiioin have 
 armies of their own, but they are all his vaflals ; 
 hj ftequi nily fjives iheni his dauj;hters in marriage, 
 and to keep them (inn in his iiiteielf, he d. dares 
 himl'.lf their pmiiili't a'^ainll the Weft, rn Tartars, 
 called Monguls, and thole fubjeit to the Ruflians. 
 When thcle petty princes attend the emperor, they 
 arc treated in the nuiil fiimptuous n-anner, that they 
 may ie poll iFcd with roiiic idea of the wealth and 
 gram!, ur of China. 
 
 When he i;ocs to the temple to worlhip, or to any 
 of his temples for tliat purpof; , lie has I'el lum his 
 than live thonfand att-ndants ; and as many of thele 
 are moll fumptuoully dielp-d, with fplendid flags 
 carried before them, the whole has a nioll magnilieent 
 appearance; nor is it lefs fo when he gives audience 
 to foreign ambafl'aJnr* ; for on liich occafions the 
 whole empire is lanfacked tu find out things proper 
 to eiuerlain them. 
 
 V\'iili r^i'pcd lo language, that of China has no 
 affinity or tonneCtion with any of thofe in Europe, 
 neither in found, pronunciation, nor in the arrange- 
 ment of the words. Every thing is myftcrious in it, 
 and tho' all the words may be learnt by heart in a few 
 days, yet it requires two or three years to enable a 
 perfon to I'peak it, fo as to be underllood by a native. 
 But befides the fingularity of the word-, this language 
 tk»» cbara£ters of iu own to dilliiiijuilh it from all 
 
 CHIN A. 
 
 «oi 
 
 Nihrr». Thry do not fpeak at ihry wri'r, an. I ihc 
 h'll compt.liiion in lurlh .ind h^ibarous when pnnie.l. 
 
 I hiir el.iqueme doe', not coiilill in a cerljin u Ipofi- 
 tmn (if p ri(id«, fiiji as orat irs .itftct, willioiir b inj 
 (lulled wi h wi.rd. inllead i.f n. alter j lor I'rti.idof 
 Inch (U| crhcial ilctorjiioin of I. in uage, lie y have 
 many lively .ind pumied rxpr 111 .ns,' liuih in p.me- 
 j'yrie an I (jiiie| nolile nielaphor-, bild but wi ale 
 iiimparilons, and aburdame ol ( ntenccs and p.ifli- 
 grs lak-n linni tU • aiitients, who arc among them 
 gieailydleem'il. Th' y eipr. fs a great manv ihingi 
 III a lew ssordsi their (lile is (' mctimes ihile and 
 inylKnoui, ohlcure an.l not lontiiiu d, fur ili'y (V|. 
 doin uf.- ncttllar) partiil.s to lUiiKratc and t.iniieil a 
 dilcoiirfe. I lie Imiiid of (heir words is ,igr cjblc 
 enough to the ear, il^eeially in the provinre n' Nan- 
 kin, where the accent is more coireiil than in any 
 oiher pan, hit tlierc thry primounre the words in lo 
 folt and delicate a maniur, that a llranger tan Hardly 
 underllaiid th'in. 
 
 They never ulc the letter R, wliich much mtdilles 
 ihcir l„n^ua;ei yet many of the Chmele, who pre- 
 tend to Ipcak torodlly, ilraw out ilieir words to luch 
 a length, that they appear as lli nianv leniences. 
 
 Ilii y have no tixcd alphabet as we have, and often 
 evprel's their fuipnfe that we tan deliver our fenti- 
 mcnts with ihe .iirill.ince of lo liiiall a number of 
 letters. No pel lull cm he admitted to any degree in 
 learning, iiiilels he writes fair j li) that to thole whu 
 uiiderlland their letter-, every conipolition appeart 
 extremely beaulilul. I'lintiiig, which has not been 
 known in Europe niu' h above three hundred years, 
 IS of great a.uinuity in China ; but it dilFers much 
 from ourj. 
 
 When any perfon intends to have a book printed, 
 he employs a perfon to write it out fairly j and then 
 the printer, who may be more properly called an 
 ingravcr, pjues each leaf upon a fmooth table, and 
 with his tool diaws the charailers lo ex.icllv, that 
 they perfectly refcml'le the original. So that the im- 
 prcllion is good or bad, according to the care or neg- 
 ligence of the fciibe : for the flcill of the engraver is 
 fo great, and they arc fo cxadt in their work, that if 
 the leaf is properly vsrittcn, it feUlom happens that 
 .iny faults arc committed ; and when it is tiniflied, 
 it is impolTihlc to diftinguifh the print (lom the writ- 
 irg, if the paper is the lame. It is certain this way 
 ol printing is much inferior to ours, becaufc the 
 engraved wooden tables are of no manner of ul'e for 
 any other book befides that tlicy were engraved for. 
 The paper ufcd in China is fo fine, that many peo- 
 ple believe it to be made of filk, but it is not; for 
 It is all made of the juice and rind of the b rk of bam- 
 boo, which is A tree thicker and ftronger than our 
 alder. They throw away the firft rind as too hard, 
 but the innermoft being whiter and fofter, they puuncl 
 it in fair water, and lo compofe the mat..er for the 
 paper, which they make up with frames or moulds, as 
 long or broad as they think proper, as we do here. 
 Some of their leaves are ten or twelve feet long, 
 but their pa[x:r is much more tranfparent than ours. 
 They waih it over «ith alum, which prevents the 
 ink Ironi finking into it i and renders it fulhinin<r and 
 tranfparent, that it appears as if varnilbed over with 
 filver. But for all this, the Chinefe paper is not 
 hilling, for dirt foon gets to it i and being made of the 
 baric of a tree, it is alnioft impoflible to prclcrve it 
 from worms, if care be not taken to beat the book* 
 frequently, and expofe the leaves to the fun. 
 
 Their ink is moil excellent, but that of Nan-kin Is 
 moft valued. They make it up into fmall ilicks, 
 and fo fwctt-fcented, that one would be tempted tu 
 keep them, though they fliould be of no ufe at all. 
 The ftlcks arc folid, and in colour tranfparent, be- 
 ing fquare, about four inches in length, and one in 
 breadth. Some of them arc gilded, with figures of 
 dragons, birds, and flowers ; and fo neatly wrought 
 in moulds, that they appear as Arm as if computed 
 of metal. When a perfon writes, he dips one end of 
 the Hick ill water, which he rubs gently upon a piece 
 
 
•'•Atoiteli'diwV 
 
 
 €'04 
 
 TRAVELS IN CHINA. 
 
 b( marble, anJ this produces a liquor into whiih he 
 (lips the pin, and writes upon one fidu of the paper 
 *>iilv. It 1* madj of l.'irp-black, drawn from many 
 HilTci.nt materials, I iit li-.at wliieh is mull elKinied 
 Ls frciii the grcale'of h't'^'t. lard. They mix a fori of 
 iiil with it' to make it fAcvt, and pleafnnt odors to 
 I'lipprcfs the rnicll of the lard. 
 
 'i'hc binding of hooks in China is ;i!fo very cu- 
 rious, though it falls mueh fliort of ours. They 
 luilher gild nor labour ihcni on the edjjes ; and the 
 ordinal y books are covered ,with a grey palleboard, 
 which appears handfonio enough to the eye. They 
 bind others as 'hey pleafe, Tome in fattin, and others in 
 fiih :ilk, flowered with gold and lilvcr. I'heform of 
 biiulina; i^ always th^* fame, the di'Tcrencc being only 
 in th.' mitcrials, which is more or lefs lich according 
 as the purchafcr chufcs to be at the expencc. 
 
 They pretend ihat they had printing among them 
 aliove four thnufand years ago ; but this opinion is not 
 to be wondered at, when we conlider that they are 
 very dcticicnt in the knowledge of chronology. 
 
 In ancient times the Chinefe had many books on 
 moral fubjedls ; but all thofe were forgoicen, and fell 
 into difrcpute, when the great philofophcr Confucius 
 made his appearance among them. The character 
 and writin;^s of this man are in fo much ellcem in 
 China, that the latter conftituto the bafis of their 
 civil and religious government, and his example is held 
 forth as a rule for the moral condud of all ranks of 
 people. It is therefore incumbent upon u?, in duly 
 to the reader, to fay ibmching concerning him in 
 thii work ) for many people have heard of his name, 
 without knowing any thing more concerning him. 
 
 Confucius, whom the Chinefe call Coum-lfe, was 
 Dorr ■" 'h? prrvvinrp of Quamtuam, in the 37th year 
 of the reign of the emperor Kino, 4B3 years before 
 Chrift's incarnation. His father died before he was 
 born, and therefore he was called Ife i that is, a child 
 of forrow. While a bov, he took no pleafure in 
 thofe ipoits and divcrfions of which young ones in 
 cencral arc I'o extremely fond, but had a grave and 
 ferious (Icpoitmint ; and difcovcrcd fig:is of the mod 
 exemplary piety. He never ate any ihiijg without 
 protlrating hiiiifelf on the ground, and bcjrging for 
 a blcfilng on it from the Supreme Lord and Governor 
 of the univcrlb. After thedeath of his grandfather, 
 he became a difciple to Toem-Sa, a famous doctor of 
 thofe times, and under him made great proficiency ir; 
 knowledge, before he was fixteen years old. 
 
 When he was a little more ai'vanci J in years, he 
 made a colleiiinn of the moft remarkable fayings and 
 maxims of the ancients, which ho intended to lay 
 down as the rule of his conduifl, and inllil into the 
 minds of the people. Every province was at that 
 time a diltincl kingdom, and had a prince of its 
 9wn, who, though fuhjeft to the emperor, governed 
 bv his own laws, levied taxes, difpofcd of all 
 places of trufV, and made peace or war when he 
 j)leafeJ. Thefe princes happened to have fomc differ- 
 ences amonglt thernfjlvcsj and the emperor, at thetiinc 
 Confucius was a young man, was afraid of them, be- 
 caule he had not force Itfficientto fubdiie ihem. Con- 
 fucius feeing this, .nnd being perfnaJed the people 
 could never be h.ippy fo |ong as ambition and falfe 
 policy govein-d their councils, refolved to preach up 
 n fovere morality to e.nch man, to contemn riches and 
 worldly pleafurcs, and embrace temperance, patience, 
 and other virtues, to infpirc them with magnanimity, 
 and a finccrity incapable of the leaft difguifc. His 
 words were fecondcd by fuch an example, as produced 
 very bei cficial confcqucr.ccs ; for kings were go- 
 verned by his councils, and the people reverenced him 
 as a faint. Thole who would n"! imitate his con- 
 diifl, vet commended him. j and being chofen to an 
 high office in the kingdom of Lou, in lefs than three 
 mo.iths hcbiought the people into fuch a (late of fub- 
 ie(!lion, that the neighbouring princes became jea- 
 lous, as knowing that the kingdom which was (b well 
 ojveriied, mull Hourifli, and become powerful. 
 
 T.'ic king of Tai was more jealous than any of the 
 
 reft arid therefore, if poflible, to put a flop to the 
 proceedings of Confucius, he picked out fomc of the 
 moll beautiful women in his dominions, and Tent them 
 along with an ambaflador to the king of Lou. Thi» 
 I'chenie had the dehied efledt ; for the king of Lou 
 and his courtiers forgot all the morality taught them 
 by Confucius, and gave ihenifelvcs wholly up to plea- 
 fure in company w ith thefe beautiful women. In 
 vain did the philofophcr remondrate againll the iriC' 
 gularity of their conduiEl j in vain did he rcprefcnt 
 to them that they were acting beneath the dignity of 
 theircharadlersas men. They lent a deaf ear to all 
 his inllru£tions ; v. hich grieved him fo much, that he 
 refolved to leave that kingdom, and travel into fome 
 other parts, where he iUuuld be treated with more re- 
 fpecl. 
 
 Accordingly he travelled from one province to ano- 
 ther, but was treated with (o much contempt, that 
 he was often in want of the nectiVaries of life, and 
 .IS often in danger of being murdered by thofe to whom 
 he had given the bcft of inflruiflions. But none of 
 thcl'e things alfeiEled him ; and he ufed often to fay, 
 that " The caufe he defended would prevail, and at 
 lad be acknowledged and fupported." Many dif- 
 ciples put thvmfelves under his tuition, fomei f whom 
 he taught to write a fair hand, others to couverle nji 
 the principles of government ; and feveral he in- 
 druilcd in the highcftmyfteries of the Chindc reli- 
 gion. One of his maxims was, " That human na. 
 ture came from heaven pure and perfciSl, but is cor- 
 rupted by paflion,' ignorance, and ill example. To 
 redoreit, wcmuft riduceitto its original, and become 
 obedient to realbn, which will inflrufl us to think 
 well, fpc.ik difcreitly and virtuoufly j obey heaven, 
 love our neighbours as ourfelves, and deny I'ubjeilion 
 to the conduct of the fciifes." This feeins to have 
 been his leafing maxim in theology ; and when we at- 
 tend to it, welhall find that it is at lead as pure as 
 any of the doc'lrines of the philofophcrs, whether 
 aniit lit or modern. 
 
 He lent lix hundred of his difciples into different 
 parts of the empire, to reform by their indruiSions 
 the ni;iiiiKrs of the people; and fuch was his zeal to 
 do good, that he once intended to have crollcd the 
 fens, and indriicl ilie inhabitants of didant nations. 
 The jcfuits tell us, that Confucius prophefiedof the 
 birth of a Great Pufon in the wed, who was to re- 
 form the whole world, by whom mud be meant Jcfui 
 Chrid i but what truth there is in this, we cannot fay j 
 only that almod all heathen nations had fome hopes of 
 the coming of fuch a perfon. 'Ibis truly great phi- 
 loro|>hcr lived to a great age j and though his precepts 
 were but too little regarded when living, yet after 
 his death, dately temples were built to his honour. 
 So that notwithdniiding any defign of his own, he is 
 now become an objeil of idolatry. 
 
 With refpcil to government, that of China majr 
 be confidend as in all refpcdls monarchical. They ne- 
 ver heard of the name of a republic till they learnt it 
 of the Dutch. And they llill wonder how a date can 
 be regularly governed without a king. They look 
 upon a republic to be a mondcr with many heads, 
 ibrmed by ambitious men in the times of public ca- 
 lamity. And their fentimcnts are the fame with rc- 
 fpciJl to all mixed governments whatever ; their laws 
 allow their princes an unbounded authority, upon a 
 fuppofition that he will ufehis power with moderation 
 and humanity, to fupport the dignity of the crown, 
 and promote the intcreds of the community. The peo- 
 ple rcfpeft their prince fo much, that they almod adore 
 him i his words arc oracles ; his commands are indif- 
 putable ; and alt that he does or fays, is confidered 
 as facred. He is (eldom feen, nor can any perfon 
 be permitted to (peak to him, but upon their 
 knees. All his officers of date ore obliged to do (oi 
 nor is there any didindtion made between them and 
 the princcsof the blood royal. When he is taken ill, 
 and there is rcafon to fear that he will die, then the 
 whole court is filled with mandarins, and other de- 
 pendants, who prajr inceflantly for his recovery. 
 
 This 
 
 ■i .'4' 
 
 ■* 
 
"' V^'" 
 
 TRAVELS IN CHINA; 
 
 60s 
 
 •■^s' 
 
 r 
 
 This indeed is no more than what is confident with 
 their intercd ; bcinuL evi'ry mw cinpuror may tilrii 
 out ot cmplijyment all thule whole 11 iiduiit he dots 
 not appiove ot, and put hjs own favourites into their 
 places. 
 
 Tnattliis is the true (late of the c.ife, will appear 
 evident when we conliiler ihat the IoIIowim;; pariicu- 
 lars are eltabliflicd a» law in China ; and uiy pcrl'on 
 prefumin^ to find fault with them, would be con 
 jidcretl as a ri hi I, 
 
 Firit, All places, whether of truft or honour, ;.« 
 beftoaed tiy the emperor without purchale-moncy, 
 merit being the only title i but (.f tliat merit he is 
 left tu be the fole judge, In like manner he is to 
 judge whether the pcrfoii who has been appuiiued to 
 ail) plac- ads confilfjnt with the nature of his lUity ; 
 and if any thing In his conduct difpli afes the emperor, 
 he immediately lurns him out of office. Sucli things 
 fr..queiitly occur in Chiiia) and it has hajipencJ 
 more than once, that a perlon in high rank has b en 
 difcarded lor Acaring a robe, which tlie emperor 
 Conftdered as fuperior in clej;ance to his own. 
 
 Secondly, The fovcreigii has alio an unlinvad power 
 over the lives, as well as over the offices of lus luhjeiits. 
 No vicero), nor any court throughout the empire, 
 can execute a criminal witliout expici^ orders iVo.ii 
 the emperor They may try and condemn ihmi ac- 
 cording to law } but till procedings mud h'- laid 
 before the emperor, who either ronfirms 01 di.'aiuill' 
 the fenteiice according to his will and plealuie j and 
 foinetimes he curtails part of the li:verity of the fen 
 tenc, by making it kfs rigorous. 
 
 Thirdly, Although every man enjoys his real and 
 perfonal eftates in fecurity, yet the emperor can at 
 any time impofe what taxes he pleafcs j but it fel- 
 dom happens that he exadls more thin is con- 
 fiftent with that duty which every fubjeiii in general 
 owes to the ft.ite lit large. He has liKewife the privi- 
 lege of exempting particular provinces from bearing a 
 ftiare in thcfe neceflary burthens ; but this indulgence 
 is feldom granted, except when the inhabitants of 
 thofe provinces have been opprefled by fomc of the 
 Mongul Tartars, who frequently make inroads 
 tmongft them, and ftrip thun of every thing that is 
 valuable. Thus far we lenrn that the will of the 
 prince comes in the place of law; and the happincis 
 or mifery of the people muft, in a great mealiire, be 
 eftinidtcd according to his virtues or vices. How far 
 this may be the caie under republican governments, 
 we arc not now to enquire. 'Ihe lame paffions that 
 direiil an individual, often dire(5t whole communities; 
 but we may fay in the words of Mr. Pope, 
 
 " Whatever is bcft adminiftcr'd, is beft." 
 
 , ourthly. The emperor has the fole power of de- 
 claring war, or concluding peace. He may make 
 treaties on what condition he pleafcs, without :."iing 
 the advice of any of his fubjefts j but it is generally 
 fuppofed he will keep the honour of the empire in 
 view. No appeals lay from his judgments; for all 
 his decrees are irrevocaMe, fo that tliey muft be ex- 
 ecuted according to hi? mandate. 
 
 Fifthly, He has a right to appoint one to fucceed 
 him in tiie regal dignity ; and fo unlimited is his au- 
 thority in this matier, that he may even fet nfide the 
 princes of the blood, and chufc one fiom among his 
 common luhjedts. This however feldom takes place 
 in the prefent age, although it has been pradtifed 
 formerly. 
 
 TheancientChincfc emperors confidered themfclves 
 as the fath.-rs of thcii people; and therefore as they 
 knew th !t tliey were not to live forever in this world, 
 confuiucntly thiy looktd upon it as an incumbent 
 duty to provide for the fecurity and happinefs of their 
 people, after their prince was taken from them. At pre- 
 fent, the emperor generally appoints for hisfucceflbr 
 the Ion of one of his favourite queens; but though 
 his name may happen to be leiiftered in all the court; 
 of record in IVkin;T, yet the emperor may again rc- 
 
 Voi. II. No. 52. 
 
 yoke the appointment, and declare another of the 
 princes of the blood to be his lucccflbr. We have 
 iiiiiiy iiiltances of a fimilar nature in the hiiloiy of 
 i'/arope.m ii.itioiis ; and it may I'eive to fiicw, ihat 
 however weak at pnl lit the feudal law is become, 
 yet it WIS once uaiverl'.d j and that Unking inftaiiees 
 ot its power are to be met with in feveral of the 
 eallern naiioii?, and even in (.'hina ; an iiittancc of 
 which, til! very lately, we were in a manner unat- 
 quaiiiled with. 
 
 ."sixthly, l)i aili puts no end to the power the emperor 
 Ills over his fuhj tU ; or, in other words, though any 
 of tliem die, yet he •an ii waid or punilli iheni ; that 
 is, he can confer titles upon them, which (hall de- 
 fceiiil to ihtii chiUlieii ; or he can render them iiil'a- 
 moiis 'or ever. .Sometimes he gives orders for temples 
 to be built 10 their memory; and if their con- 
 iludk li;:j been veiy beneficial to the. Ihite, he orders 
 the people to honour them as gods. Uiidoubtod'y 
 this is a moll flagrant abiife of religion; but then it 
 muft b confidered that ihcfe people have nothing more 
 than tile liglu of i,.iture to dirxl Jieni. 
 
 Seven! Illy, The emperor hath power tochange the 
 figure and form of thdr l.tteis, 10 abo'.ifti any cha- 
 r.icters .dread;, recivjii, and to I'ubllitiite ncwoiusin 
 thill room. He may alfo change tii i.ames of pro- 
 ■• ,ncfs, cities, towns, villages, and even families; 
 hut tins IS no more thai 'vhat has b'en olMl done by 
 Eur.i|.i'an princes. !le has a power to prohibit the 
 ule ot fuch words in ctmvcrfation as arc not agreeable 
 to hiiti, and may introduce a new way both of fpeak- 
 ing and writing. One would naturally imagine tliat 
 ihis unlimited power granted to the fovereign mult 
 at one time or other be pervei ted to very bid pui poles ; 
 but it is really not fo, for there are laws even in China 
 wdiich dictate prudence to the emperois. 
 
 For, Firft, the old lawgivers have made this a 
 ftaiiding maxim of government, that kings are pro- 
 perly the fathers of their people, and not mailers 
 placed on the throne to be ferved by flaves. This 
 maxim is deeply imprefled on the minds of the peo- 
 ple, being alviays inculcated by their teachers and 
 philofophers ; fo that the emperor is, in fomcmeafure, 
 obliged to {hew himfelf in moft refpeols worthy of 
 that amiabe title. 
 
 Secondly, Every mandarin may tell the emperor of 
 his faults, fo that he does it with due fubmiflion and 
 rcfpeiSl i and if he does not then attend to his conduit, 
 he may put him in mind of it again. And though 
 there have been frequent inftances of fome of theli; 
 mandarins fuffering much for ufing fuch freedom 
 with the emp rors, yet the greateft part of the hiftory 
 of China fliews, that the foveieigns of that coun- 
 try in general have preferred the good of their people 
 to their own ambition. 
 
 Laftly, If a prince h.is any regard for his charac- 
 ter and reputation after death, he will take great care 
 to adt confiflcntly with his dignity and duty, in pro- 
 moting the intereft of his people. A certain number 
 of tlicir moft learned men are chofen to write down 
 an account of the emperor's adtions, and even his 
 words, from day to day; which chronicle is publiflicd 
 after his death, and every one is at liberty to make 
 what rcmaiks on it he pleafcs.' 
 
 The ordinary form of government which the law 
 prefcribes, is the following: The emperor hath two 
 fovereign councils, the fiift of which is called the 
 Extraordinary Council, and the members of it muft 
 be all princes of the blood ; no other being permitted 
 to fit in it. The fccond is called the Ordinary Coun- 
 cil, and, befides the princes of the blood, all the great 
 officers of ftate fit in it. Thefe two councils examine 
 all officers of ftate, and make their report to the em- 
 peror, from whom they receive their final determi- 
 nation. Under thefe councils i>'e fix courts .it Pc- 
 kiilg, each having different matters affigned them. 
 The firft is called Lipou, which prefides over the 
 mandarins ; and gives or takes away their offices, with 
 the confent of the emperor. Secondly, the Houpou, 
 which takes care of the treafury, and points out the 
 7 Q. ntoda 
 
 'Sltj^^.- 
 
•^f>:~y^w 
 
 606 
 
 t. R A V K I. S IN CHINA. 
 
 moJe of raiCng the taxes. Thir>lly, Lipo, whicli 
 is to look after the antient cuftonis ; to tiikc cnic of 
 riligioii, the arts i>ml fcrcnces, and fori-ii^n alt.iirs. 
 Fourthly, ThcPinipou, which is acuurt of war, to 
 ti>ki- can- of the (uldicr?, anil every thing rchting to 
 the army. Fifthly, The Hiinpoii, where all cri- 
 minals are tried i and laltly, I he Conpou, which 
 has the care of .til the public buildings; iiich as the 
 emperor's palaces, the temples, the water-works, 
 halls, cilices, and fcafl'olds at public entertain- 
 meius. 
 
 E.ich province has a lieiitmant with a deputy under 
 him, and both are obliged to %ri\dc within their 
 own jurifdiflion. Each of theli; lieutenants ha* a 
 court, where all civil and criminal matters are de- 
 cided i but his decrees in caufcs of lil'e and death are 
 not final, till realized by the cmpetor. Along with 
 each of tlicfc vicc-roys or licutcnnms, are feveral 
 mandarins, who are in fome rcfpidl fpies on their 
 condufl i and this fervcs much towards keeping them 
 watchful and fteady in the difcliarge of their duty. 
 For neither favour nor threatening will prevail with 
 thcle mandarins to wink at the mal-admijuliration of 
 juflice; which Were they to do, they would be dif- 
 gr-tced throughout the whole of the empire, and their 
 ftimilics would be ruined. They tranfmitonce every 
 month to the emperor's council an account of what 
 has been done in the provinrc, and how the lieutenant 
 h.is comiucled the public aiuirs. IJut, bcfidcs all this 
 care, the emperor vifits the province in perfon, to 
 hear the complaints of his fubjrcts, and he does it 
 wholly at his own expence. He gives no notice of 
 his coming either to the mandarins or the lieutenants, 
 in order that they may be continually upon their 
 guard ; which is certainly one of the IkII fchemcs of 
 civil government that could have been invented. 
 
 In the punifliment of Icfler crimes, fuch as mifJe- 
 mcanours, the magillratc, if he fees them committed, 
 may caul'e the criminals to be puniflied on the fpot. 
 Thus, when they fee one man afl'ault another, they 
 can order their attendants to give the offender twenty 
 or thirty Ihipes, according to the nature of the of- 
 fence ; and all this in the open ftrect, without the 
 formality of a trial. 15ut in all trials where the life 
 of the perfon accufed is at ftake, then he has time 
 granted him to make his defence, and his trial pro- 
 ceeds in a fair open manner. It is very remarkable, 
 that though China is a large, populous empiie, yet 
 there arc but few criminals to be found in it, which 
 niuft be owing to the three following caufes. Firft, 
 the iBoral principles taught the people in their youth, 
 and frequently repeated in their advanced years. It 
 was 'lid of the Lacedemonians, thit their youth 
 treated the aged with more refpcifl than what was 
 (hewn by the vouth of any other nation; but this 
 was trifling when compared with the conduift of the 
 Chinefc. The people in China have fueh a facred 
 regard for the .iged, particularly for their parents, 
 that they comfort them under afflidfions, vifit them 
 when fick, aiul, as the lall mark of their love, bury 
 them in a pompous manner. 
 
 No rankor charaiSer is exempted from thefe duties; 
 they are incumbent upon all, and to ncgleil them 
 would be attended with the grcatcft difgrace. If a fon 
 were to mock his parents, or offer to lay violent hands 
 upon them, the whole empire would be alarmed. In 
 fuch a cafe, which feldom happens, the emperor 
 judges the criminal himfelf; all llie magillratcs in 
 the town or city where it happened are turned out 
 of employment, for negledling to curb this diabolical 
 temper, in the beginning ; the ciiminal is chopped 
 into a thoufand pieces, and his houfe is reduced to 
 adics. The emperors thcmfelvcs, notwithftanding 
 their fjvcreign power, would never find reft on their 
 thron", were they to (hew any want of refpeiEI to their 
 parents, as will appear from the following anecdote, 
 mentioned by Father Le Compte. 
 
 " One of the emperors banifhej his mother for 
 tarrying on an intrigue with one of the lords of the 
 eourc i and bccaufc he knew that this ai^ion would 
 
 render him obnoxious to his princci and mandarin^, 
 he forbad them all under pain of death to admonifli 
 him of it. For fome time they continued filent, hopc- 
 ing he would condemn himfelf for his conduit, but 
 finding he did not, they refolved to lay the cafe 
 before him, whatever might be the confequcnccs. 
 Three, filcceflively; were tortured to death ; but aC 
 length their heroic conlUncy fo gained upon him, that 
 he repented him of his cruelty. He refledlcd with con- 
 cern, that he » ho was the father of his people, fhould 
 thus a& the part of a cruel unjuft tyrant, by putting tu 
 death his innocent fubjedis, lur no other rcafon but 
 that they put him in mind of the duty he owed to 
 his mother. Accordingly he recalled her home, re- 
 inftated her in her loinier hom;urs; and he was 
 honoured by his ful.jiols for doing fu." 
 
 Next to their parents, thi y treat the mandarins 
 with great honour and refpeiit, i onfidering them as 
 the n prefentatives of the emperor. Part of this re- 
 fpeft is kept up by the fplendid rctinujs uliich thefc 
 officers have at all times to atteml then), end partly 
 by their integrity in the .ndminitlration 01 juitire. 
 Vvhen they go out of office in the provinces, whieli 
 is generally at the end of three years, th • people .:lKm- 
 ble in large bodies together, and fland on each fide of 
 the roail, for ten miles together or upwards, to teftify 
 their rcfpeiS for their good m..giftrate. This lays 
 the founiiation of honcft ambition in the mind of the 
 new appointed governor, who generally imitates the 
 conduct of his prcdcceilbr. 
 
 Secondly, Their civil government is built on the 
 wifcff maxims of found policy, which contributes 
 much towards the prefervation of peace and good or- 
 der among all ranks of people. CJne of theli; maxims 
 is, never to put a mandarin or lieutenant into oiHco 
 in the province where he was brought up, lefl he 
 fhould become partial to his own relations, and for 
 fear thofe who knew him in his youth might not 
 treat him with proper refpcct. 
 
 All thofe who are lent to govern provinces, or in 
 any important office diffant from the capital, are 
 obliged to leave their children at court, not only that 
 they may be properly educated, but likewife that thc7 
 may be kept as pledges lor the conduit of their 
 fathers. There is no fuch thing as imprefling cither 
 feamen orfolJiers, for the Cime army is kept in peace, 
 as in war. This creates refped to the (li:;iiity of the 
 emperor, and contributes towards preferving the pub- 
 lic peace. Every one who does his duty in a public 
 charaiflcr, is lure to be rewarded, according lo his 
 rank and merit, and all their punilhments are in one 
 way or other adequate in proportion to the nature of 
 th-r crimes committed, but ihofc of an enorincus 
 nature arc not common. 
 
 They reckon it good policy not to fufTer a womatt 
 to engage in trade, but to keep hcrfelf confined 
 withindoors, and he continually employed in bringing 
 up their children. So that as they do not vifit abroad 
 like our women, neither are they expofed to the fame 
 temptations. Great encouragement is given to com- 
 merce, and their fhips fail once every year to Uatavia, 
 Siam, Malacca, Japan, and Manila. But their 
 greatcft trade is among themfelvcs, between the in- 
 habitants of one province, and thofe of another ; 
 which, like fo many kingdoms, communicate their 
 riches to each other ; and this mutual commerce 
 unites the people, and fills their cities with plenty. 
 
 It isalmoft impolfible there fliould be any intrigues 
 between the different fexes; foras'the women are kept 
 in the apartments, fo none but their hufbands arc 
 permitted to vifit them. Thofe of a high rank have 
 concubines and nurfes, others have nurles only, who 
 a<5t the part of domclfics ; but the lower fort, who 
 have not above two or three wives, are oblij;ed to let 
 the one wait on the other. Nor is courtfliip known 
 in China, for a man never fees the woman he is to 
 marry till (he is brought to him. Their mothers, or 
 fome old woman employed by them, make up all their 
 matches, and they generally reprefcnt the bride a% 
 pon'efTing more qualilicatiu(ii thait Ibc really does. 
 
 Many 
 
 .'^•fff. 
 
f't* 
 
 TRAVELS IN 
 
 Many of the men purchafe their wives in the fame 
 manner as they Jo other mcrchamJil'cs j givinj; more 
 or left for them, according to their gooU or bad i\ui- 
 lities. The parties being agreed, and the UHMuy 
 paid down, preparations are made on both tides tor tlic 
 marriage folcmnity. 
 
 The bride is carried inafumptuous chair, preceded 
 by drums, trumpets, hautboys, and other forts ot 
 mufic, and the parents and relations follow behind 
 Her portion, which flic carries along with her, is only 
 a few cloaths, and fomc articles of houlhold furniture, 
 with which her father prelcnts her. The bridegroom 
 (lands at the door to receive her, and having opined 
 the fedan, leads her into the women's apartment, who 
 fpend the remainder of the day in fealting, while he 
 does the fame with the men. This fomelimes proves 
 a day of forrow both to the bride and the bridegroom ; 
 for when he finds himfelf impofed on by a falle account 
 of the bride, he chufes rather to lofe the purchale- 
 money, than to t.ilcc her as a wife. Hufbands and 
 wives arc not to be feparated or divorced in any cafe 
 whatever, except adultery ; which, as it is in a 
 manner impoflibic, fo it feldom h.ippens : when it 
 does, the man who feduces the woman is fcourged in 
 the moft fevere manner } but the woman isJold, and, 
 with the price paid for her, the injured hulbamJ pur- 
 chafes another. 
 
 There arc upwards of one hundred perfons employed 
 by the emperor to regulate the calendar every yiar, 
 that the people may know how to diltinguiih iioly 
 days from others. They make the year to confill of 
 thirteen months, accordmg to the courfe of the moon, 
 which caufes fome alterations to be made from time 
 to time. Antiently they divided every day into 
 ninety-fix equal parts ; but at prefent, in confe- 
 o..p I cccf the inltructions given them by the jcfuits, 
 the -iivide it into twenty-four parts, in the Came 
 t-[2 : .: . in Europe. As for the ordinary people, 
 .1 J '<■ ind of time is the rifing and fefting of the 
 
 • -I'r'jon. In the villages they have bells, which 
 tii<.y tinkle in the night '.vhen they are alarmed at any 
 thing, or when one neighbour wants the afliOance of 
 another. But in every city and town there arc two 
 towers, in one of v\h'rh is a bell, and in the other 
 a d-uni. The bell is rung, and the drum beat, five 
 timesevery night, which tliey call fo many watches; 
 and without the afiiftancc ot clocks, tl ey have fuih 
 a regular way of counting, or rather guefling the 
 time, that they are feldom niift.iken. 
 
 The Chinefe coin is very odd, n<ii- is there, perhaps, 
 any thing like it in the world, unlefs it be in Japan, 
 or fome fuch parts. 
 
 They have round pieces of copper with hiiro- 
 glyphicks engraved on tlum, and a hole in the middle; 
 but the metal is not pure, nor are the characters 
 well damped. Tliey arc thick, but eafily broken ; 
 and their value does not exceed that of a farthing. 
 They reckon their money by croAii';, which are in 
 value equal to fix fiiillings and fix-pence with us; 
 but thefe pieces have no figure of the emperor upon 
 them i and any pcrfon wlio has doubts concerning 
 the value, rr.ay cut them in pieces. In general all 
 their coin is valued by weight, which, perhaps, is 
 the beft method that can be thought of; for moft of 
 the pieces are fi) clunify and irregular in their fhapes, 
 that every perfon cannot jud^c properly of them. 
 'I'hey buy alnioft every thing hy weight, and that is 
 the reafon why thofe who have occafion to go to 
 markets, carry Icales and weights along with them j 
 but all thefe muft be marked by proper officers ap- 
 pointed lor that purpofi- ; andfoexailt arc they, that 
 the thoufandth part of a crown will inftanlly turn the 
 fcale. They hav hut little g( Id coined amongft 
 them; and the reafon l<, the greateft part of that me- 
 tal is ufed in orn imcnts for their diellcs. They 
 divide till' poiinil into fixteen rqiial pirts, like our 
 ounces, and each of ih' I'e into ten cijual parts, and 
 each of thefe again into ten linalUr p.irts, and fo on 
 (ill they come to grain";. 
 
 The civil government of Chiii.i takes notice that 
 
 H I 
 
 N A. 
 
 io^ 
 
 buildings be kept in proper repair ;, and whether there 
 are rivers or lnooks, neat itone bridges arc huilt 
 over them. The canals which convey their water 
 to tlv.- cities and towns, are all paved with free-done, 
 ami .1 liaiik r.iifed above the furtace, to prevent paf- 
 I: ngtiM l:iMM lielnjr aceidentall) drovvnid. In niarlhy 
 grf.uiuls tliey throw up prodigious large bank-, which 
 ;iep the rr>.\d> very dry, ai.d all thia is lii^ne at the 
 expenceol L,ovu:riini.nt. Some of tliilr hii;h\va) . are 
 cut thioUjjh nnui;itaiii«, which ippiar terrible to 
 lliangers ; lut the people of the country are ac- 
 eultmned to thtm. Moit ot their naJs are eighty 
 feet bro d, aiui me foil being lii^iu, Ih.y ar.; loon drjT" 
 afterthc r.iin. In f>mi' priiviiiccs, tht y have on both 
 fides caufeways for fo.a pan ncrrs, witii ro sol tiees 
 growing near, which raak. s it vuv refru'hiiig in 
 I'ummer. Each of tiitlc r<.au> tenmnatcs in a ciTv or 
 to*n, and there arc woodeii ijillars fixea u,^ at h;jf a 
 mile diftance from each other, wiili large l.ttcrs on 
 the upper part, which tcli the traveller how far he 
 is from the town he left laft, ami how far from th.-t 
 to which he dcfigns to go ; to that it t'lcy c^ii read, 
 they have no occafion for any one to diretl them. 
 
 That the roads may be kept dee fnma rolilurs, 
 parties of militia arc ftationcd at ihort dillaiices 
 from each other. Their bufinefs is to convey letters 
 from one town to another, to protect paliengtTN, flop 
 every fufpicious perfon, and al.irni the country in 
 cal'e of the approach of an enemy. Every nun 
 whom they find going armed is (topped and taken to 
 the next town, wheic he is obliged to give an account 
 of himlelf. 
 
 Of all the equitable infiitutions in China, the 
 method of collefling the public revenue is moft 
 commendable. They are not pellered with fwarn.s 
 of officers as we arc; but all the landed eftates ; re 
 furveyed and meafured, and all the rich inhabitants 
 are regiftcred. When a tax is laid upon any fort of 
 goods, it is pnblickly known ; and, inftead of hiring 
 officers to colleiSt it, the people mull bring it to the 
 mandarin of the place. All their names being 
 known, there ir no difficulty in afeertaining who has 
 paid, and who has not ; and if a pertiin negle£ls to 
 fend in his (hare, the mandarin orders him to be 
 baftinadocd till he has made good h's payment. 
 Though the revenues of this empire are the grcateft 
 in the univerl'e, yet the fouthern provinces alone 
 could pay it ; but luch is the equity of the govern- 
 ment, that all arc taxed according to their riches, 
 and the nature of their feveral employments. 
 
 '("he numerous army kept in pay by the emperor of 
 China, one would imagine, was lufficient to fubdue 
 all Afia ; but their natural efFcininacy, and continual 
 idlenefs, are fuch, that they are but very little va- 
 I ucd . 
 
 'I'he VVeftcrn Tartars defpife them fo much, th.it 
 they fay in derifiun, " That the neighing of a Tar- 
 tary horle will rout all the Chinefe cavalry." And 
 yet all poffihie care is taken to have good foUliers ; for 
 none are admitted to be officers, till trial has been 
 made of their (kill in military atrairs. Thefe officers 
 exercilc their troops, form them into Iquadrons, march 
 them fiom place to place, teach them to divide the 
 files, to go through narrow pall's, fhew them the 
 way of attacking an enemy, and how to rally when 
 put in ditbrder. 
 
 Although they know the ufe of fire arms, yet they 
 take more pleafuie in the bow and the leyinitar, bc- 
 caufe they have (eldom any enemy to oppofe, except 
 the Tartars. But notwithftanding all the trouble 
 ufed in training them up to military difcipline, yet 
 they are fiion broke, bccaule they have no principles 
 of honour inftilled into them ; fo that they live con- 
 tinually at eafe, hoping there will never be occafion 
 for them to fight. It is certain, that this piece of 
 Chinefe police prevents dom..llic rnfiirreftions, but 
 it expofes the whole empire to be invaded by any fo- 
 reign enemy. 
 
 I'hough the Chinefe are now idolators, yet they 
 have ntjt been always foj for it appears probable, that 
 
 part 
 
 »isSf*' 
 
6o8 
 
 •TRAVELS 
 
 part of ttiis vaft empire was peopled by the dcfccndants 
 of Noah, iooii after the deluge. Wi- read in Ciciicfis, 
 (chapter xi.) that the defcendaiits of Noah weru very 
 numerous at the lime when the Tower of Bubel was 
 built, and the confufion of languages which hap- 
 pened obligl:d them to fcatter thenitelves into differ- 
 ent parts of the univcrfe. I'hcrc is no doubt but 
 thele men continued many years after towoifliip the 
 fame God) but in all nations \vc find idolatry gaining 
 ground, till at laft it was firmly ellablilhej, except 
 among ihe Jews. The mod learned men in China 
 allow, that before fuperflition was introduced with 
 the god Foe, there were neither idols nor ffatucs to 
 be fecn ; for the people worftiipped the invifible God 
 of Heaven and Earth, and regulated their conduct by 
 the maxims of the Emperor 'I yao. It is laid that 
 this purity of religion continued ne.ir three hundred 
 years, till at laft fome ftrangcrs introduced images, 
 in the form of fome th' y had fecn in their own coun- 
 tries. But whatever truth may be in that, the Cliiuefe 
 are at prefent grofs idolators, having many temples, 
 and gods to whom they otf'er up facrificcs, jjarticu- 
 larly of fwine's He(h. 
 
 Their notions of the attributes of thofc idols whom 
 they worfliip, are the moll unworthy that any human 
 being can form. When they pray to them, and their 
 requells are not complied with, they treat them in the 
 molt reproachful manner, turn them out of doors, and 
 kick them about in the flrccts. 
 
 Le Compte tells us of a man whofe only daughter 
 had been long ill, and he prayed and facrinced to an 
 idol in order to procure her recovery. One of the 
 bonzes or priefls made him believe that fhe would 
 recover ; but be was miftakcn, for (he died. The fa- 
 ther was fo much enriigcd, that he went to the lieu- 
 tenant of the province, and procured an order to have 
 the temple pulled down, and the idol broken to pieces ; 
 all which was executed. 
 
 They believe in the doiftrine of tranfmigration of 
 fouls i namely, That as loon as a man dies, his foul 
 goes into another body ; thofe of the wicked into the 
 meanell reptiles ; but the righteous into men of a 
 higher fiation than the body they formerly inhabited. 
 Beiidcs the bonzes, who are the priefts of the an- 
 tient Chinefe, there is another fort called Lamas, who 
 Were brought in by the Tartars, and at Peking are 
 chaplains to the Tartarian nobility. Their habit is 
 the fame as that of the bonzes, and their religion is 
 nearly the .fame,' all the dift'erencc conliflinj,' in the 
 ufeof a few ceremonies. 
 
 About the middle of the fixtecnth century, St. 
 Francis Xavicr, a jel'uit, went into China, and laid 
 down what he believed would be a good plan for the 
 converfion of the heathens. Several of his brethren 
 followed him, till at lail there were upwards of two 
 hundred of them. The emperor permitted them to 
 build themfelves churches ; and they made fome few 
 converts, but nioft of them relapfed into idolatry. 
 Nothing but the wildell enthufiafm could ever have 
 induced the jefuits to imagine they could propagate 
 popery in China ; for it appears, that in the fervice of 
 the mafs there are more ceremonies ufed than in the 
 Chinefe pagan temples. To this we may add, that 
 their prayers being read in an unknown tongue, thole 
 converts did not underfland the meaning of the words 
 they repeated. At prelent there are no jefuits per- 
 mitted to vifit China ; for they, were fo zealous to 
 propagate their tenets, that they entered into difputes 
 with the bonzes i and this giving great offence, they 
 were all banilhcd, and their churches pulled down i 
 and fo little impreflions had their notions made upon 
 the minds of their people, that they all relapfed into 
 idolatry as foon as thefe fathers had left them. We 
 arc, however, under many and lafling obligations to 
 thofe fathers for their indefatigable inquiries inioevcry 
 thiiig relating to this vafl txtenfive empire. The 
 Europeans knew little of it at that time, but the je- 
 fuits pen!:trated into every province ; and being men 
 of learning, they were able to give a proper account 
 .of every thing they faw. As they taught the Chinefe 
 
 IN CHINA. 
 
 many ufeful arts, fo for a confiderable time th^ victt 
 treated with great rcfpcft ; and the emperor often fcnt 
 and converfed with them. As every popifh pritft 
 takes an opportunity of fpeaking of religion to ihofc 
 who differ from them, whether Heathens, Mahome- 
 tans, or Protcftants ; (o one day while Lc Compte 
 was in converfation with the emperor, the latter pro- 
 pofed the following objedions to the truth of the 
 Chriftian religion. " If the knowledge of Jcfus 
 Chrill be abfolutely necelFary to falvation, and God 
 dclires that all men fliould be favcd through him, how 
 happens it, for thefe fixteen hundred years, we in 
 China know nothing of it ? Is China foinconfidcr- 
 able as not to be thought of, while fo many b.irba- 
 rous nations have been enlightened '" To this objtc. 
 tion tlie jefuit anfuered, that China had not been for 
 gotten in the commiiTion given to ilie apoftlcs to in- 
 ifrudt all nations ; and in procf that St. Thomas, 
 and another of the apoflles preached in Chin::, ho 
 quoted the following paflage from their hiftory. '• In 
 thofe times (that is, about the age of the apoflles) a 
 man came into China, and preached heavenly doc- 
 trines. He was not an ordin.iry man, for his life, 
 miracles, and virtues, nude him admired by all the 
 world." We fliall not take upon us to fay v\hat truth 
 there is in St. Thomas ever having been in the em- 
 pire of China, or in any |>art of the Ea(l Indies; 
 but be that as it will, the emperor's ol-jeiflions fall 
 to the ground, when we confider that thcie were many 
 floutifhing churches. in nations where the inhabitants 
 are now either Heathens or Mahometans. 
 
 As the jefuits will not give up any of their notions, 
 fo they taught the Chinefe that they could woik mi- 
 racles. Father Faber, a zealous jefuit, having 
 taught the doiSrine of miracles, it happened that a 
 difirii5l in one of the provinces was inteftcd by vaft 
 fwarms of locufts. 'I'he people waited upon the je- 
 fuit, and begged he would dellroy thofe peflilcntial 
 vermin, feeing he had the power to work mir.clcs. 
 
 I'he father laid hold of this opportunity of preaching 
 to them, telling them that if they wculd believe thu 
 gofpcl, he would not only deftroy the loculh, but 
 would give them an alTurance of eternal life. They 
 promifcd they would, upon which he told them thiy 
 mud fall and pray fevcral weeks, (or he knew that 
 about that time the locufts would die of themfelver. 
 Accordingly, when he was certain the time was coire 
 that they would be dcflroyed by the feverity of the 
 weather, he called the people together, and having 
 drelTed himfelf in his robes, went out into the fieUl5, 
 and having pronounced the fciucncc of excommuni- 
 cation, he fprinkled the ground with holy water, and 
 next day all the locufts were found dead. Next yiar 
 however the locufts returned, and as the Jefuits would 
 not comply with thercquefts of the people in deflroy- 
 ingthem, before they had made any progrefs in d'- 
 ftroying the fruits of the earth, they all forfook po- 
 pery, and relapfed into idolatry. .Such were the tl- 
 fedls attending the jefuits proleiring to work niiuclis. 
 
 They knew it was not in their power to ch.in^c tie 
 courfc of nature j but they were tbolifli ciioii:;li to 
 pretend to do it. And from tliis circumftance wc 
 may learn, that even the greaieft politicians are, in 
 fome things, thegrcatcft fools. We fhall conelude 
 this account of China by drawing a few reflexions 
 from what lias been already advanced. And, Firft, 
 It is furpriling to find fueh a vaft itrpirc will inha- 
 bited, and furniHied with all the neeelVuries of life, fo 
 little known to the reft of the world. This however 
 will be accounted for, when we confider that our 
 merchants, who trade to China, have nothing in view 
 befides the acquiring riel'.es ; fo that they never give 
 theml'elvcs any trouble to inquire into the manners 
 and culloms of n people with whom it would be no 
 difhonour to bcconnedlcd. Strange that (ueh an opu- 
 lent company as that of the merchants tradinc to ihtf 
 Eaft Indies fhould not feek to enlarge the huin.ii'. 
 undcrftanding in the f.imc manner as tley do com- 
 merce ! It is well known that this niii;ht be done by 
 fending a few valuable prcfents to funic «f the great 
 
 men 
 
 
TRAVELS THROUGH TARTAR Y, fcc. 
 
 £o^ 
 
 Bien in the fouthern arovlnces of China. Thefe 
 prerenti being delivered in agraccful manner, would do 
 nore towards opening a communication between thefe 
 people and ourfelves in Europe, than any thing that 
 has been hitherto attended to. If they would be pre- 
 vailed upon to fend two or three of their fons over to 
 this part of the world, to learn our laws, manners 
 and cuftoms, and after being treated with friendfliip, 
 conduA them home adorned with all thofe accom- 
 pliihroents which corld be acquired, they would, by 
 their converfation with their friends, remove from 
 the minds of their countrymen thofe unhappy preju- 
 dices they labour under. 
 
 Secondly, As the Ruflian empire is apparently ri- 
 fing up to a ftate of greatnefs, fo to facilitate a com- 
 munication between Europe and China ; it would be 
 much for the intereft of the emprefs, and for the dignity 
 of the Icing of Great Britain, that the Chinefe (hould 
 be invited to keep an ambaflador conftantly refiding 
 at the court of Peter(burgh, whofe curiofity might 
 in time lead him to vifit London. 
 
 Thus a communication might be infenfibly as it 
 were brought about. The Grecian language, at 
 prefent much cultivated in England, would be of great 
 fervlce to anfwer thefe valuable purpofes j and at laft 
 the Chinefe would begin to emerge from their prefent 
 obfcurity, and court an alliance with European 
 powers. 
 
 Thirdly, As we have already feen how ridiculous 
 the jefuits have made therafelves In pretending to work 
 miracles, let us endeavour to learn wifdom by their 
 mifconduA. If it ihould ever happen that a corn- 
 muiiication could be opened between Great Britain 
 and China, fo as to enter into converfation in a frie.idly 
 manner, let us not pretend to do what is not in our 
 
 Eower; but let us tell them, that we make nopreten- 
 ons whatever to the power of working miracles ; 
 
 for although we are firmly perfuaded that miracles 
 were wrought in the firlt ages of Chriftianity, yet 
 they ceafcd as foon as the neceiTity for them was re- 
 moved. The Romifli priefts never make a more auk- 
 ward figure than when they pretend to work miracles s 
 and the reafon is obvious, for they know they have 
 not the power to do fo j and wherever they inculcate 
 fuch notions among the common people, they will 
 find that fome of them will be bold enough to call 
 upon them for an exertion of their abilities, perhaps 
 when they little expefl it. 
 
 Laftly, We could wiflt that in the ordinary Courfe 
 of reading hiftory, young pcrfons would not negleA 
 that of China. It is furprifing to think how, and in 
 what manner, hiftory points out a fimilarity between 
 the inhabitants of all the nations of the world, either 
 in antient or modern times. In their manners and 
 cuftoms, the Chinefe have fo many things in com- 
 mon with the antient Egyptians, that many have 
 imagined the former was a colony of the latter, who 
 left their native country at a period of time when they 
 were oppreiTed by fome tyrant, whofe name has not 
 been tranfmittcd to us. This, however, is really a 
 vain conjeftuie ; for with greater reafon might we af- 
 fert that the favages in America are defcended, from 
 the ancient Carthaginians, becaufeboth ufed the cuftom 
 of fcalping their prifoners. Many things of a fimi- 
 lar nature might be mentioned ; but we mall conclude 
 this article by advifing fuch of our officers, as 
 captains of fliips, and other men of abilities who 
 vifit China, to endeavour to bringus better account* 
 than they have hitherto done. This will habituate 
 them to an acquaintance with the place; and by an 
 infinuating, engaging behaviour, they may probably 
 learn even more than they could have reafonably ex- 
 peAed, confidering the difcouragements they laboured 
 under. 
 
 TRAVELS THROUGH TIBET, WESTERN TARTARY, KARAZM, and 
 
 BUKHARIAS. 
 
 By Thevenot, Kircher, Duhalde, Gruebar, Dorvile, &c. 
 
 THIS country, which the Europeans call Ti- 
 bet, or Thibet, has many different names 
 among the Orientalifts, and fo have all other countries 
 in that part of the world } for it is our misfortune, 
 or rather it is owing to their quicknefs of expreffion, 
 that we do not rightly attend to what they fay. Ti- 
 bet is fituated on the weft of China ; and is in length 
 from eaft to weft one thoufand feven hundred and 
 thirty miles i but in breadth it is very irregular, be- 
 ing above fevea hundred miles in fome places, and not 
 above two hundred in others. It is bounded on 
 the north by the country of Koko-Nor > 7nd a vaft 
 fandy defart which feparates it from Liti le Bukharia ; 
 on toe eaft it has the empire of China ; on the weft 
 by the Mongul's empire, or Hindoftan, with Great 
 Bukharia ; and on the fouth part of the fame territo- 
 ries, it is divided into the LefiTer and Greater Tibet, 
 the (irft of which is called by the natives Beladiftan, 
 and the fccond Butiin. 
 
 Little Tibet lies to the northward of Kaflimir, the 
 moft northern province of the Monguls empire, ard 
 moft of the inhabitants are Mahometans. In the 
 year 1664, they were tributary to the great Mogul ; 
 but a difunion having arifen concerning the right of 
 fuccelfion, one of the pretenders to the crown ap- 
 plied feemingly for alKftanee to the governor of Kau- 
 
 VoL. II. No, J2. 
 
 mir, who, by the Mongul's orders, gave him the moft 
 powerful fuccours he could afl^ord ; and having af- 
 fifted him in fubduing and putting to death all his 
 competitors, left him in peaceable pofleffion of the 
 regal dignity, upon condition of his enlarging his 
 annual tribute to the emperor, that is to him whom 
 we commonly call the Great Mogul. 
 
 The petty prince waited upon A'ireng-Zeb, when 
 he was in Kaflimir, and brought along with him a 
 prefent of cryftal, mufk, and wool ; but he had fo few 
 attendants, that a Spanifti gentleman who happened 
 to be there at the time took nim for a country peafanta 
 Bernier wasat that time in theferviceof a nobleman 
 making the tour of the Mogul empire, andbeingot 
 an inquifitive temper, he invited this petty prince to 
 dine with him. After dinner he aflced him fever!>l 
 queftions concernine his kingdom ( and received for 
 anfwer, that it was bounded on the eaft by Great Ti- 
 bet, and that it joined to Kaflimir. He added, that it 
 was in length about three hundred miles, and one 
 hundred in breadth ; and although it afforded fome 
 chryftal, mufk and wool, yet it was in general bar- 
 ren, and his fubjeAs extrer^ely poor. Fte faid they 
 had fome fruits, but that was only in the fummer; for 
 their winters were fo cold, owing to the great ftermi 
 7 R af 
 
 , f 
 
 .,-as* 
 
(li4 
 
 tftAVELS tHROUGH TARTAR Y, &e. 
 
 of fnovr, that it was in a manner impofliblc to pre- 
 serve fuch ripe fruit as hnd been gathered. 
 
 " We went (faysBernlcr) to hflccrju, the capital 
 of Little Tibet, which is fiiuateJ about cicht days 
 journey from the borders uf the province of K.i(hniir. 
 In this town or city we met with nothing that I'lenicil 
 remarkable. The houfes have only a jj^ruund floor ; 
 and their mofques, which they would nut permit us to 
 enter, feemed but very contemptible edifices. The 
 rn'ountain upon which this city is built, in-liiced us to 
 believe that we fliould enjoy the beiu lit of a vaft ex 
 tcnfive profpect ; but we were dilapiioinied ; for there 
 Were fo many rifing grounds to intereepl our view, that 
 we fcarcc faw any thing worth notice. A river runs 
 near the city, and, winding in a ferpentinc form round 
 the mountain, divides iritlt'into fever.il branches, in a 
 large valley below. The water of this river in confi- 
 dercd as medicinal, and perfons of all ranks from molt 
 parts of the country come to drink of it." 
 
 The fame author, tells us, that there are feveral fo- 
 refts in Little Tibet, well ftorcd with all forts of 
 game, the prince and his fubjciSls being much addi£led 
 to hunting. Father Duhakle, thej-.l'uit, with feveral 
 others of the fame order, were the lirft perfons who 
 ever gave a proper account of this country called Ti- 
 bet, even to the Chinefe themfclves. As if thefe fa- 
 thTS had thought no hardfhip too great, fo that they 
 co;ild ingratiate themfelves into the favour of the 
 Chinefe, they undertook a journey acrofs this vaft 
 country ; for though it is fometinits known alto^^ethcr 
 by the general name of 7'ibet, yet it is divided into 
 man;' lefllr kingdoms j of which we fliall give an ac- 
 count in the words of the jcfuits themfilvcs. 
 
 " We entered this country (fays l)iih:ilde) at the 
 borders of China, and leanied that the territories we 
 were then in were called CJrcat Tiliet, to diltinyiiifh 
 them from a lelUr kiii^^i'oiii of tlie lanie name. The 
 firlt place «c arrived at, was a moll dreiu'.fiil lol'ty 
 mountain, covered all over with fnow ; and this was in 
 fcventecn days after we had jniiied a caravan, that was 
 travelling into thofe parts. In fevcntecn days more 
 we arrived at Ladak, a fortrefs, whiie the kings of 
 the country refided j but here we met with very little 
 worth notice. 
 
 The weather was then extremely cold, it King in 
 the midft of winter, but we were obliged to travel in 
 that feafon for the benel'.l oi' the caravans. A mer- 
 chant, a native of the place, told us, that the whole 
 kingdom of Great Tibet is, in comparifon of Pcrlia, 
 •he kingilom he came from, a moll niiferatie, tr()/.en 
 tlcliirt. 
 
 'J'hc people fpeak a fort of broken Pcrfian, part of 
 which we underftood ; fo that We were able to hold a 
 converfution with lliem. The firft we met with-among 
 them were Mahomvtans ; but they were extremel) 
 ignorant, and knew but little of the principles of 
 the religion they profefled. They were all drclTed in 
 coarle woollen frocks, or gowns, with Ihort boots, 
 and fur caps on their lieads. But though they were 
 poor, yet they treated us with the greatefl civility, 
 and Ihewed no rudenefs in their behaviour. Their 
 mofques were little better than cottages, nor did it 
 appear to us that any of them uiiderflood letters; 
 their whole worfljip confifting in a few rites and cere- 
 ino'.ies. We afked them whether they drank wine ? 
 and the anfwcr we received was, that there was fo 
 little of that liquor to be met with in the country, 
 that there was no great fear of their breaking the laws 
 of the holy prophet. 
 
 Proceeding about an hundred and fifty miles farther 
 into the country, wc met with many difliculties in 
 rroding rivets and climbing mountains; and there we 
 found tlie people grofs, illiterate heatliens. They had 
 feveral idols, which they fhewed us, to whom they 
 offered up facrifices j and, what is very remarkable, 
 thev have one god, whom they call Urghien, and 
 they believe that he was once both god and man, 
 witnout father or mother, but born of a flower, about 
 feven hundred years .ngo. On convcifmg farther 
 with them concetning this remarkable iJol, we found 
 
 he was the fame with the famous god of the Siamcfr, 
 called Sonimonocodom ; who this extraordinary per- 
 fon was, we arc not now able to determine, but ths 
 fable concerning him feems to have been originally 
 founded upon fome part of the Icripiiire hilioiy ; yet 
 (o gnlly mangled to iLrve the purpole oi luperltitioii, 
 that little lenlc can be madeol it, in all their tem- 
 ples dedicated to tl)i> idol, they have the ftatiie (f a 
 woman with a Hower in her hand, which anfvvers 
 r,\aCtly to the account we have of the mother of 
 Somniunocodom, who conceived him on the flower, 
 floating in the midfl of a fiver. 
 
 Tluy ufe a let of beads in their worfliip, make no 
 difliiidlions with ref))ccl to meats or drinks, believe in 
 the traivfmigratiun of the human foul, and will not 
 allow of polygamy, as is common in moft of the 
 eaflern nations. Their priells, called lamas, wear a 
 habit different from the common people, and their 
 hair hangs loofe over their ears or ntcks, nor do they 
 wear ear-rings. Their employment is to read and 
 ftudy the books of their law, written in a langu.:ge 
 and charaifler which the vulgar do not undirll.ind : 
 and they recite their prayers much in the fame man- 
 ner as they do in the churches of the Roman Catho- 
 lics J namely, by finging them alternately with ths 
 people. They perform all the public religious duties, 
 and arc held in great veneration, living feparalely 
 from the rclf of the people in a fort of convents, built 
 on purpofe for tliciii. They have fujieriors, like our 
 bifhops i and over the whole body is one who adts 
 the part of an archbifhop, or patriarch, whom the 
 king himfelf treats with the grcatcfl relpeit. In all 
 cafes of difficulty at the court of Butuii, thelc Patri- 
 archs are confulted, and much regard is p.iiJ to their 
 advice, hee lufe they are, for the moft part, men of age 
 and experience. 
 
 At iliKiin, in 1715, we had an opportunity of 
 converfing with the piiiiee of the country, whole 
 name wa'. Nima Nany.d. He received us with great 
 good nature, tho' with lome degree of formality ; for we 
 were obliged to wait till his chief miniller introduced 
 u', and then we found his majelty leatcd on his 
 thrune. Next day he invited us to dinner, and wc 
 eonverfed with him till towards evenini?. Meh.id never 
 heard of the Chrillian religion, any farther tlian what 
 fome of his Mahometan fubjeilshail told him ; name- 
 ly, that there hailheenonccajiieat prupiier, called Jel'us 
 Chiill, who, for feveral years, had many lollowers ; 
 but they had at lalt become I'o degentiale, that they 
 were not known in the world, exttjt in lomc few 
 parts. Wc tidcl him the whole accoiiii: ol our Sa- 
 viour and his dileiples, with wliieh he appeared to be 
 entertained ; and in four days afterw,.rds he lent us 
 another invitation to dine with him; and then he 
 treated us with more familiarity than before. We 
 did every thing wc could to entertain hiir., 'nd related 
 to him an account of the moft iiuuei.-l pall'ages in 
 the ffate of Europe, all which pleaied him exceed- 
 ingly ; and when we left the place, he conduiled us 
 out of to'vn. 
 
 In 1664, the king of Great Tibet, knowing that 
 Aurcng-Zeb was at Kafhmir, and thieatened him 
 with a war, fent an ambalTador, with prefcnts of 
 mulk, chryftal, and fine white cows tails, which, 
 by way of ornament, are fr.lKned to tlie ears of ele- 
 phants; that creature being nuieh regarded in tht 
 Mogul Kmpire. This ambafl'ador's train confilKd of 
 about title-en or fixteen perfons, all tall men, but poor 
 meager looking creatures, with whifkers infiead of 
 beards, like the Chinefe. On their heads tliey wore 
 red bonnets, an I a few of ihem had fwordsj but the 
 reft marched behind the amb.'liador, without any fort 
 of arms whatever. He piomilVd the Great Mogul, in 
 his mafter's name, that a mofque ihould be built in 
 his capital ; that his coin for the future fhould bear on 
 one fide the figure of Aurcng-Zcb and his fuccefTors } 
 and that for tlie future I'.e woald become a tributary 
 to the (Jreat Mogul. However, no fooner was the 
 emperor Aurcng-Zcb returned home» than the kii»g 
 of Tibet broke his word, allcrted h»s independency, 
 
 MM 
 
 ^- 
 
 $' 
 
 - *. 
 
TRAVELS THROUGH TARTAR Y, Sta 
 
 6ii 
 
 n 
 
 and even to this day the people of this country are in 
 fomt mcafure free } being ainioll in the fame fituation 
 with reipcdt to the Mogul Entpirc, as the Tartars are 
 to the Ruflians, living by pi unJir, and paying but 
 little regard to government. 
 
 Anotncr divifiun of 'I'ibet is called the kingdom 
 of Lail'a, and the miflionarics have given us the f»l- 
 lowini] account of it. It is bounded on the fouth by 
 vafLchains of moujitains covered with fnow^ and no 
 lefs difficult to pafs than thofe which fecure Gre.it 
 Tibet on the wcit ; the torrents that feparate them 
 being pallid over on planks, laid on ropes ftretchrd 
 acrofs. On the weft lies CJrcat Tibet ; on the noith 
 a great fandy defart J and on the calt, feveral fmall 
 provinces, bordering on China. I'he capital cily of 
 this kingdom, is called Tonkcr, and is fituated at the 
 foot of the mountain Putala, near the confluence of 
 a fmall river with the K.iltyu, which falls into the 
 Ifanpii, about thirty miles to the fouth-fouth-wcft. 
 There is a fpacious temple in this city; but befides 
 that, it has nothing remarkable in it. Diihaldc fays, 
 that in converfation with n Chinefe ambafTador, he 
 learned, that in the river there was a fmall ifland, on 
 which was the refldence of the high prieft, or grand 
 lama, whofe temple was fevcn itorics high, in the 
 uppermuft of which he lived ; and near the fides nf it 
 were the ruins of an antientcity, deftroyeil by Kullii 
 Han, king of the Eluths, about the middle of the 
 laft century. 
 
 «« The inhabitants of this country (fays the jefuit) 
 are ftrong and «ell made, but their fes and faces 
 are kmicwhat black and R.ir, or i..,ner of a cream 
 colour; anil their women arc bigger th;\n the men, 
 bur much afllicted with fwellings in thiir ihrnat. In 
 fuminer bmh (txes wear large pieces of fnllian or thin 
 heniptn cloth round their bodies ; and in winter, a 
 thick garment like felt, and on their heads they h.ivc 
 a bonnet adorned with boars' teeth, and ftailiers of 
 various fowls. The richer fort have necklaces ot 
 coral or amber ; and all the women wear bracelets 
 upon their left arm^, from the wrift up to the elbow. 
 Both ni.'n and women wear about their necks a piece 
 of filk twift, at the end of which hangs a lurge bead 
 of amber or chryftal, and fometimcs a boar's tooth, 
 ■which dangles upon their breafts ; and on the left fides 
 their girdles are fattened with butions of the fame ma- 
 terials. The courtiers, though to all appearance ex- 
 tremely poor, yet are very expcnfive in thi?ir dicCs, 
 which confifts of cloth of goKl, nri the richeft bro- 
 cade ; and as they have none of tncP- thiiii^s in their 
 own country, lb we find that thr.y purch.ife them 
 from the Chinefe, giving in exchani',e the nierchandife 
 their own produce. Some of the men wear a habit 
 in all refpedis refeinbling that of the women, only that 
 the upper part of their garment is red, after the man- 
 ner of their lamas, or priefts. But notivithltindins 
 all this tinery, they are a very (lothful people: many 
 of them eat raw fled), which fecm« to be peculiar to 
 the I'artars, and neither the men nor the women wear 
 (hirts ; and they feldom Wiifh their hands or faces. 
 They are courteous and aft'.'ble to ftiangers. 'I'he 
 women are not confined as in China ; they are permit- 
 ted to walk the ftrects as vv-11 as the men ; but fuch of 
 them as we faw, were very frightful figures. They 
 difter greatly from mod other people in the eaft, 
 in relation to their marriages ; for the rcftriilion laid 
 upon the men is greater than upon the women. It is 
 true, the men arc allowed a plurality of wives ; but in 
 thi"; they are fevcrely rcllriflcd with refpe<!> to confan- 
 guinity ; none being permitted to m.irry within a cer- 
 tain degree of kindr>."d. It is oihcrwife with the wo- 
 men, who may have as many huib-.nds as they pleafe, 
 fo that tliey are not the relations of each other; and 
 thcle hufbands have the women in common among 
 them; only the firft who cohabits with a woman, is 
 confidered as father of the children. When the lamas 
 are reproached for this cuHoin, which they make an 
 article in their religion, they apologize for it by the 
 foarcity of women, which prevails both in Tibet and 
 throughout.all Tartary, where the iiiitU'S are the molt 
 
 numerous; but this cxcufe we found trifling, for 
 throughout all thofe parts we vifited, we'found, either 
 by our ownobfervation, or from the bift accounts we 
 could procure, that the fexes were as equal in nunibcr 
 as they are in any part of Europe. 
 
 It was with much difficulty that we could acciuire a 
 litlk- knowledge of their language ; for it is diftlrent 
 both from the Chinefe and the Perftan. The BQtun 
 churaCler is much ufed in the eaft, and confifts of only 
 f(;ur vowels, twenty fimple confonanti;, ten double 
 letters, and niiuty-hx compound charadlers, fuch as 
 are anini.ited by their vowels. In many p.iits of this 
 country the foil is good, ^IxjuiiJing with rice, corn, 
 pi.ilfc, and wine; and tlitir tr.ide is chiefly with the in- 
 habitants of Bengal. The chief conimoditics in whicli 
 they trade, are nuitk, rhuburb, worm- Iced, and fursj 
 and here the rhubai b is reckoned the bcft in the world. 
 It is a root which thiy cut in pieces, of which ftring- 
 ing ten or twelve together, they hang them up to 
 drv. As the wet (jioils it, the nuichant runs great 
 hazard in bringing it to market, for vaft (howers of 
 rain fall in that country. VViiat they call worm-feed 
 grows in the fields, and muff die before it can be ga- 
 thered. But the greateft hardfliipi', that before the 
 feed is ripe, the wind difperfes above one-half of it, 
 and tint is the reafon why it is fo fcarce. When they 
 gather it, they take two little hampers ; and as they 
 go along, move them from the right to the left, and 
 back .igain, as if they were mowing the herb, which 
 they bend at the top, and thus all the feeds fall into 
 the bafkets. Had the natives the fame art of killing 
 martins a", the Ruifians have, they might carry on a 
 confidirahle trade with the fur ot thofe animals ; but 
 with that they are at prifent utt-rly unacqu.iintcd, A 
 duty of twtnty-five ^f/- ifnr. is im poled by the Great 
 Mogul upon all goods which the merchants of Tibet 
 hriiig tiiiough his territories, but fometiines it is re- 
 duced to eight or ten. When theoflicer at thccuftom- 
 houfe lefulls to do fo, then the merchants return, and 
 come by another way through vaft forcffs, where 
 thoufaiids of elephants are continually grazing. Their 
 women are in fome relpeits very ingenious artlfts, and 
 in the abl'ence of their hufbands they make pretty toys 
 of coral and amber, which they fell to llraiigers at a 
 confiderable advantage. 'Ihey have abundance of fil- 
 ver coined, w hich induced us to believe that they have 
 fome mines of that ore in their country ; but they ei- 
 ther could not, or would nor, give us any informa- 
 tion concerning them. A« for gold, they have none 
 but what they get in exchange for goods from the 
 merchants in Bengal, or Ibme other provinces with 
 which they trade. In their religious ceremonies, we 
 found thole who were heathens to have a very near 
 affinity with the Chinefe ; and at firit we could not 
 help thinking we had difcovercd fufHcicnt evidences 
 of the Chriftian religicm having been onceeftablilhed 
 in this country. Firft, the drefs of the lamas feemed 
 to refemble what »e are told the apoftles wore. Se- 
 condly, their fubordination, which has a nearafHnity 
 with our hierarchy. Thirdly, a rcfemblance between 
 fome of their ceremonies and thofe of the catholic 
 church. Fourthly, their notion of an incarnation. 
 Fifthly, their maxims of morality. However, upon 
 mature deliberation, we found that nothing could be 
 inferred from thefe fimilarities, any further than they 
 pointed out to us, that there is, and always has been, 
 fome form of religion in every nation in the univerfe. 
 The apoftles undoubtedly drefl'ed according to the 
 falhlon of the country in which they happened to re- 
 fide, fo that there were no indecencies in the garments 
 worn by them ; which was too often the cafe ai^iong 
 the heathens ; and as for fubordination, it is to be 
 found among Mahometans as well as in the catholic 
 church, or among thofe pagans juft mentioned. 
 
 Such are the refleiftions whicli iJuhalde, and fume 
 other miflionaries draw from this fimilarity; but 
 Gruebar,another jefuit, gives a fcopetohis enthufiafm, 
 and carries it much farther. He fays, that their arch- 
 lama has the fame power among thefe heathens, as 
 the pope has over the Roman catholics. Secondly, 
 
 Both 
 
 :f^ 
 
 iHm 
 
6l2 
 
 TRAVELS THROUGH TARTARY, «cc. 
 
 Both ufe holy water in ill their aAs of devotion. 
 Thirdly, They both pray for the dead i and latiiy, their 
 drefi is the fame in which the apoftlei are rrprcfentcd 
 
 in antient paintings. Here the jefuit was much inif- 
 taken with refpeA to paintings; h)r, fufaras welcnow, 
 there are none in the world lb old as tlie apollolic 
 
 The fame Jefuit adds, that in all elTuntial points 
 the religion of thofe people has fuch a ftriking refcm- 
 blance tothatof the church of Rome, that he could not 
 help thinking the gofpcl had been once eftablilhed 
 amongft them. Thus (fays he) they have a feaft re- 
 iembliiig our facrifice of the mafs i they give ex- 
 treme undlion j blefs the people in marriage ; pray 
 for the dead i make proceOions in honour of their 
 faints i worlhip the relics of idols (he Ihould have 
 faid faints) I have monafteries and nunneries; fmg the 
 fervice like the catholic pricfts ; obfcrve divine fads 
 during the year ; undergo feveral penances, fuch as 
 whippings i fen J out milTtonaries, who live in ex- 
 treme poverty, and trnvel barclooted into China. 
 Thefe things, adds Gruebar, I was an eye-witnefs 
 of. We have already fcen that thefe jcfuits are con> 
 futed, in their ridiculous comparifons, by fonie of their 
 wifer and more fober brethren ; nor indeed are fuch 
 comparifons much to their honour ; for inftcad of its 
 proving that thefe heathens were once Chriflians, it 
 will rather ferve to point out th.'xt the Roman Catho- 
 lics have borrowed many rites and ceremonies from 
 the heathens, amongft whom there was in many re- 
 fpc£is a ftriking uniformity. 
 
 All the princes or kings in the different pro- 
 vinces of Tibet are more or lefs fubjrA to the em- 
 peror of China; at lead they are fo in name; for 
 although they fometimes pay him a fmall tribute, yet 
 they very frequently make his fubjeils pay double for 
 it ; it being their conllant practice to plunder the 
 Chinefe, as often as they can find an opportunity. 
 When the er-peror of China fends an ambaiTador to 
 Lafla, or any other of the provinces of 'I'ibet, the 
 country people are obliged to furniih him with horlcs 
 for himfelf and attendants at the end of every ftage ; 
 and conduA him to the next, till he arrives at the 
 capital. All forts of proviltons muft be furnillied him, 
 and he generally returns home as foon as he has re- 
 ceived the tribute. In the fame manner the rm|>eror 
 maintains the ambafladors from the princes of I'ibet 
 when they come to China, and he entertains them in 
 the moft fplendid manner in Pckine. 
 
 The king of Lafla is conftantly attended by a 
 guard of feven or eight thoufand men, armed with 
 bows and arrows ; but fome of them wear fwords and 
 bucklers. There are always fifty elephants kept about 
 the palace, and twenty-two camels, each having a 
 piece of ordnance on his back, that carries a half- 
 pound ball, and a gunner fits behind to manage it. 
 Noperfon is permitted to ftir out of the kingdom 
 with any fort of .*ire-arms, except by permiflton from 
 the king, or the governor of the province where he re- 
 iides. Thefe people aflitrted to the jefuits, that they 
 knew the ufe of fire- arns, and even heavy artillery, 
 above five hundred years ago ; which is long before 
 they were known in Europe. This tale, told by 
 the jcfuits, feems to be a grofs impofition on the public; 
 for it is generally acknowledged that the Chinefe, the 
 moft polite people in theenft, and beft acquainted with 
 the arts and fciencet, knew nothing .of gunpowder, 
 or the ufe of fire-arms, till thofe fathers taught them. 
 How far in doing fo they adled confiftent with their 
 duty as Europeans, muft be left to the reader to judge. 
 Had they not taught the Chinefe and other eaftern na- 
 tions the art of making gunpowder, and the ufe of 
 fire-arms, we might by this time have been much 
 better acquainted with them than we are. 
 
 There is no fovereign in the world more learned 
 and refpe£ted by his fubjefts than the king of Lafla, 
 or Butun,{being in a manner adored by them. When 
 he fits to give audience or do juftire, they all hold 
 their hands clofe together, above their foreheads ; and 
 before they approach the throne, they proftrate them- 
 
 felvet upon the ground, not during to lift up their 
 heads. In this humble pofture they make their re- 
 quefts known to him ; and when they retire, go hack- 
 wards, till they are out of his fight. When he ridtt 
 along the ftrects on an elephant, they fpread thi-ic 
 cloatns on the ground, and in that manner conduct 
 him wherever he goes. 
 
 Another body of people in this extenfive country 
 are called the Si-fan, or Tu-fan, a nation formerly 
 in gictt repute, having feveral kingdoms tributary to 
 them. Duhalde, and the other jcfuits, have given 
 ut the following accounts of them. In the 71I1 cen- 
 tury of the Chriftian aera, Ki-tfong, king of I'u- 
 fan, courted an alliance with Kay-tfong the re- 
 nowned Emperor of the Tans dynafty, and fent an 
 embafl'y to that prince ; which having been received 
 with great marks of diftinAion, he, by a fecond, de- 
 manded a princefs of the imperial blood for his ton 
 Long-tfong. The emperor s council looking upon 
 this as a very bold propofal, treated it with fomc marks 
 of dildain. 
 
 Soon after this, Long-tfong fucceeded to the throne 
 on the death of his father, and marched with an army 
 of two hundred ihoufand men to demand the princefs. 
 He defeated feveral princes fubje£l to the emperor uf 
 China who oppofed him, and penetrated to the borders 
 of Shcn-fi, »here the emperor kept his court. 
 From thence he lent a haughty meflagc, demanding 
 that the princefs might be immediately delivered to 
 him, with a certain quantity of gold, filver, and fine 
 rich filks, by way of portion. The emperor, oU 
 fended at fuch an infolent demand, amufed the mef- 
 fenger with hopes, till his troops were afl°emblcd on 
 the frontiers, and then difmifled him difgracefully, 
 without returning an anfwer to his mafter's fetter. At 
 the fame time the Chinefe army attacked that of Si- 
 fan, and routed it; however, as the lofs was not very 
 confiderable, Long-tfong rallied his troops, and be- 
 ing in a condition to give the emperor much uneafi- 
 nefs, the princefs, by the advice of her father's coun- 
 cil, was fent to the king of Si-fan, who, after the 
 marriage ceremonies were over, ltd home his army, 
 and afterwards became very ferviceable to China on 
 many occafions. 
 
 During many years after this memorable tranfac- 
 tion, the kings v( Si-fan, or Tu-fan, continued tu 
 live on good terms with the Chinele, and often al- 
 fifted them with forces when domcftic rebellions broke 
 out, or when they vere invaded by a foreign enenn . 
 One of thefe kings of Tu-fang, whofe name was 
 Itay, was remarkable for making many cxcelKnt 
 laWs for the good government of his fubjedts ; and he 
 fent for learned men from China, in order to improve 
 the minds and polilh the manners of his fubjccts. 
 He reigiu'd many years beloved by his fubjecls, <!- 
 teemed by his neighbours, and feared by his'enemics , 
 but dying without ifltic, was fucceeded by his kinf- 
 man Vu-ma, a profcfied libertine, who gave himfelf 
 wholly up to his pleafures, without minding the af- 
 fairs of government. For fome time he lived in pence 
 with his neighbours ; but opprefll-d his fubjecls wjtl< 
 fo muih cruelty, that they left their native tuuniiy 
 in great numbers. In a word, his conJufl was the 
 firft caufe of the kingdom's falling to decay ; and al- 
 though he did not livelong, yetmifery increafcd with 
 his death. As he left nu iflue, nor had noniinatcil 
 any perfon to fucceed him, his queen, by the in- 
 triguer of hercounfellors, had the additfi. tu get ilis 
 fon of her favourite, a boy of three years old, de- 
 clared king. 
 
 On the firft report of this ciciflion, Rye-tuna, fiift 
 minifterof ftate, haftened to the palace, and oppoliJ 
 it in behalf of the royal family ; but his zeal coft 
 him his life, for he was murdered as he was returning 
 home. I'he condu£l of the court loft them the af- 
 fefiions of all the people ; and La-kong-je, w he 
 then commanded the army, refufed to obey the go- 
 vernors, and even formed the defign of making him- 
 lelf king. He was a man of boundlefs aniLition, 
 proud, full of felf-coiu:eit» extrcn«!y psiConate, 
 
 -M- 
 
TRAVELS THROUGH TARTAR Y, &c. 
 
 6.3 
 
 I 
 
 ,««lw* 
 
 and orteii cruel. But on the other h.iiiil, h^ was brave, 
 (kilful, aiiJ capiilileol the ).'ri.Mt(ll uiid.it.>kiM;,4, H 
 lirll e^ulcd a ripurl to be thread, that h " w.i> picp inii^ 
 to rxtirp.'itu tlie ulurpcrs of the cmwii i .iiiJ liicn 
 marchctl dirc'tly ngiiiiilt llie army df the new kiiip, 
 which lie dc jnied , aii.i allcrwaidi plurKlciid tliciuwn 
 ofVVcy-Chew. Uy this nine his army, by the acLCllion 
 of malcontents, was above a hundred tli>>uf;iiul itroiig) 
 but his chii'f deii^n was, to bring the guveriiurs of the 
 provinces inlu his mcalurcs. 
 
 The chief of thefe governors was Shang-pl-pi, a 
 man of great experience in military atfairs, who hail 
 trained up his Ibldiers in the mollexadt manner. 'I'o 
 him Lu-king-ji: wrote a very flattering letter j but 
 Shang-pi-pi faw thiough the deceit, and lent him an 
 .infwcr which flattered his hopes. At the fame lime 
 he marched forward with his whole army, and came 
 upon the rebels fo unexpectedly, that he fuon routed 
 them, and put them to flight. Lu-kinr;-je was fo 
 much afraid of loling the remains of his army, that 
 he marched towards the borders of China, where he 
 was joined by vail fwarms of Tartars; and in order 
 to make them fubfervicnt to his purpofe, he gave them 
 leave to plunder fcvcral of the Chinelc provinces. At 
 firll he had lome fuccefs, but the Cliinefc coming up- 
 on him in great numbers, drove him out of the empire, 
 and took feveral of the frontier lowns of Tu-fan. 
 
 The rebel, who confidercd thcfc lofles as no more 
 th.in trifling, and fuch as mi^ht be talily retrieved if 
 cnce he could make hiinlcif mart r of th-; kingdom, 
 augmented his army with a vaft number of Tartars, 
 whom he allured wilh the hopes of plunder ; anil bent 
 all his thriughts on reducing Shang-pi-pi. With this 
 refijlutiim he began his march, and arriving near 
 Chen - Cheu, forced Shang-pi-pi to abandon his 
 camp, which he had fortified on the fird news of his 
 approach. Hercupan that officer crolTcd the river, 
 broke down the bridges, and did every thing he could 
 to impede the march of the rebel general, who fought 
 to bring him to an engagement, but could not. 
 
 The rebels committed great ravages nil over the 
 country, as far us they went ; but the violent over- 
 bearing temper of their general encreafed fo faft, in 
 proportiin to the fucceft he had obtained over his ciie- 
 my, that many of his forces forfook him, and joined 
 themlclvs to Shang-pi-pi ; and the Tartars, who had 
 been difappuintcd in their hopes of plunder, retired 
 home to their own country, laying every thing wafte 
 before them. 
 
 Lu-king-je hereupon, defpairing of compafling his 
 (leflgn, lubniitted to the Chinefe emperor upon certain 
 conditions, and repaired to Ko-Chew, a citvnf Chi- 
 na; where he lived ineafe the remainder of his life. 
 
 This happened about the middle of the ninth cen- 
 tury ; and the kingdom of Tufan being torn in 
 pieces by contending parties, each of the prince* of 
 the W'^-ydj as well as the thiols in the army, fet up 
 for fovcrcigns themfelves over the different provinces ; 
 fo that for many years the whole country was deluged 
 with blotxl. 
 
 In themidflofthereconfufions, and when the people 
 were weary of deftroying each other, Pan-co-clti, 
 prince of Lu-ku, and of the blood royal, flood up in 
 their diiencc, and took them under his proteflion. 
 As foon as they beheld a chief of the blood royal of 
 their aiitiimt kings, they quickly formed an army, 
 and attacked the king of Kya, who had treated them 
 moft ungratefully for the fervices they had done him. 
 Pan-co-chi offered to join himfelf to the Chinefe ar- 
 my, upon condition the emperor would honour him 
 With a title that might give him more authority 
 among thofe of his own nation. The propofal being 
 liked, the emperor fent him patents, by which he was 
 conftituted commander in chief, and captain general 
 of the kingdom of Tu-fan. The king of Kya, who 
 knew nothing of thefe private tranfaAions, after ma- 
 king fome ravages in the adjacent country, beficged 
 the city of Si-Iyansi and having taken it, put the go- 
 vernor to death. He thought to have pulhcd hit cun- 
 quefti further, believing that Pan-co-chi wai coming 
 Vol. II. No. 52. 
 
 to join him with hit troops; but that prince arriving 
 at the head of fixty thoufand men, attacked hmi with 
 lo much fury, that he totally defeated his whole army- 
 This viflory might have been attended with very be- 
 ni'Hcial confequences to the kingdom of Tu fan ; but 
 ihc brave Pan-co-chi received a mortal wound, of 
 which he died within a few days afterwards, 
 
 So-tl'o-lobent his whole thoughts towards recover- 
 ing! the dominions of his ancclfors ; and tor that pur- 
 pole tonncd a fmall court, and began to raife an armyt 
 with theic forces he invaded China feveral Jilfercnt 
 times, but was always beaten ; and at lall ubliued, for 
 his own fafcty, to conclude a peace on the belt terms 
 he could obtain. Im'jed, there were fuch numbers of 
 contending parties in his army, that he could not put 
 the le.i If confidence in any of them ; fo that this was 
 perhaps the bfft meafure he could take. 
 
 As th t,iowiiig power of the kinijot Kya continucii 
 daily to increal'e, and as he had afl'unieJ the title of 
 emperor of all the I'artars, So-tlo-loconfldered him- 
 ftlf in extreme dan;;er ; fo that he wa« obliged to feek 
 the aflilhnce of the Chinefe emperor. That monarch, 
 to keep him firm to his inierelt, made him goveriiui- 
 geneial of all the province of I'aw-fhun ; which w.is 
 the more convenient for him, ab it lay near to his 
 own dominions. But foon after this generous donr- 
 .tion made him by the emperor of China, So-tlolo 
 died, and his kingdom being divided among his chil- 
 dren, hadened the ruin of Tufan. I'h^it prinre had, 
 by his lift wife, tv\o children ; the one named Hy.i- 
 Cheu, the other Mo-Cheu-tfu. He had afterwards 
 by a fcconil wife, the prince Toii-Shcu. The mo- 
 tlier of this prince prevailed upon her hufband to im- 
 prilbn the reft of his children by his ti 't wife ; hut 
 they foon found means to cfe:ipc, and havinj; niadr 
 knoA'n their rank to the people, vaft numbers flocked 
 after them, as the heirs of their late fovcrcigii, who 
 had always treated his fubjei^ls in the moft tender, 
 fatherly, and compalTionate manner. 
 
 After many years fpent in bloody md cruel war', 
 ail thefe provinces pat thrmlclvcs under the protec- 
 tion of the Chinefe emperors ; and to them they h:(ve 
 paid a fmall tribute ever flnce. But, as father Dii- 
 halde obfervcs, the Chinefe are obliged to confidci 
 them rather as allies, than fubjedls or vaflals; and the 
 tribute thiy demand from them, is rather a matter nf 
 form to keep up the alliance, than any thing that 
 denotes either fovcreignty or fubjidtion. 
 
 The next place vilited by the ji i'uits was KarazM, 
 of which they have given lis ttic following account. 
 " When we vilited it, we founl the people had iKvct 
 before converfed with any of the Europeans ; nor do 
 they know who inhabited our part of the world, onlv 
 that they had heard there were lome perfons in China 
 who came from Europe; and that they were priells of 
 their religion. We explained tl.ole matters to thciii, 
 for their language was in moft refpcfts the fame with 
 that uled in the northern parts of China ; and they 
 treated us with every mark of r(fpe<St, afl'ability, and 
 tcndernefs, according to the manner of their country. 
 
 This kingdom is bordered, fo far as wc could make 
 any difcoveries, on the north, by the country of 2u- 
 kertan, and the dominions of the (jrcat Khan of 
 Tartary ; on the caft, by Bukharia ; and on the fouth, 
 by fome of the provinces of Pcrfia ; having fome parts 
 of the Cafpian fca to the weft. It is about four hun- 
 dred miles in length, and three hundred in breadth i 
 and in many parts of it are vaft fandy defarts, which 
 are in a manner unpaflable to any but thofe who tra- 
 vel in caravans, and who carry their proviflons along 
 with them. But in many of the provinces there is fome 
 land, which would .it any time afford a fufficient fublift- 
 ence for the people ; butthevarefo much addicted to 
 roving and wandering abroad, that they ncgle£l agri- 
 culture, choofing rather to live by plunder. They 
 have vaft numbers of grapes, of which they make ex- 
 cellent wines ( and they have true water melons, of a 
 deeper colour than any we have in Europe. Some 
 oftheir melons are pernAly white; but they are not 
 fo much eftcened as the others. The feed is black, 
 7 S (haptd 
 
 m 
 
 Jtiiiii 
 
 II •iMHi'liiiiiltt 
 
 i'^-j'^5fc4ii-.'f*"Wi'>-"fl^'^' 
 
fj-i 
 
 014 
 
 TRAVELS THROUGH TARTAR Y, kc. 
 
 Ili.i|)t-J Ilk? that of the pompion, hut more round ind 
 tuiil'|i:irriit, and hai an cxcrcdinj; fine tulie. i'hcle 
 melons arc very tooling i aiul (he larccft quantity of 
 ihcm niav he tiitcn wilhiiiit danger. They will Icecp 
 fu lunp, that the Tartar* often carry them as far as 
 Allrai.in, where lliiy exchange thtm tor Inch things 
 us tluy want. In travelling over this country, we 
 I'dunil ih.it it (ined moll of its fertility to three rivirt, 
 ami a large r.vtcmlcd lake. 
 
 Thcfe rivers have their fource near the bottoms of 
 hir;h iiKiuntaiiK, hy which this kingdom is I'eparated 
 f'riiin the donuiiiuns of the Great Mo^ui. The Arft 
 ol tju'fu \s the (Jxus of the .lOlicnts, hut is now called 
 bv the iiaiivL's Anui. It crulll-s the fouthern part of 
 Cinat liiikhaii.i, front call to well ^ then winding 
 n.'iih-c.iti along ihi' borders of that country, enters 
 K irazni j and iioding it obliquely, forty leagues from 
 its mouth, It divides into two branches ; that on tlic 
 Icft, turning vrellward, (alN into the Cafpian Sea to- 
 wariN the province of Allarabad ; but the right-hand 
 branch, which palled heretofoie by the c ity of Ur- 
 jenz, and met the lia twelve Icaguis to the north of 
 the foimer, about one hundred years ago quitted its 
 mitient channel, fix leagues from the place where it 
 /eparaii-d from the other arm ; and changing its courfc 
 more to the north, tlirew itfelf into the river Khel'el, 
 on tlu- other fiilc of the little town of 'I'lik i to that 
 its antieiit channel before the city of Uijen/., is at 
 pnl'ent quite dry, which has grrally injured that 
 plate. This river abounds with all forts of the moft 
 excellent lifh ; and on its banks grow thofc melons 
 which are li> much clleemed all over the Indies, Pcr- 
 fia, and RulTia. 
 
 The next river is the Khefel, or Refil, as it is 
 called by the inhabitants. It rifcs in the mountains 
 to the northward of the province of Sogd, or Samar- 
 kniit, and running north -well between the Aniii and 
 the Sir, falls into the lake of Aral, about fixty miles 
 after it has been joined by one of the branches of the 
 Amu. The ground near both fide» of this river is 
 extremely fertile, and produces excellent grain, when- 
 ever it is cultivated ; but the inhabitants do not love 
 agii.ulture, moft of their time being fpent in plun- 
 dering thole who live in the next provinces adjoining 
 to them. Here, however, they find excellent pal- 
 ture for their horfcs ; for almoft all the men in this 
 country arc habituated to riding from their moli early 
 youth. 
 
 Here are no towns of iny note near the banks of 
 this river j and as for the villages, they ure in a man- 
 ner dcl'ertcil great part of the year. 
 
 The waters of this river are extrcnely encrcafed by 
 thejunflion of the Amii before mentioned, but of late 
 years the Tartars of Karazm have alfo turned the 
 courfc of the Khefel from the Cafpian Sea, into the 
 lake Aral, on the following occafion. 
 
 Peter the Great, emperor of Ruflia, being informed 
 that there was much gold on the coaft of the Cafpian 
 Spa, at the mouth of the river Sir, and judgmg that 
 a trade might be carried on between Allracan and the 
 to'jthern p.irts of Afia, ordered certain pcrfon?, fkilled 
 in maritime afli'airs, to accompany the ColTacks of 
 Jaik, in fevcral of their expeilitions along the coaft of 
 that lea, in order to find outthe mouth of the Daria, 
 the lame which the Tartars call the Sir. Thofc peo- 
 ple finding that no contiderablc river dilcharged itfelf 
 into the Caf|)'»n Sea between the Yem, or Ytinba, 
 and the Amu, except the Khefel, concluded this muft 
 b" the river they looked for ; efpccially as the Coflacks 
 allured them it was called Daria, not knowing that 
 IJaria isonlyan appellative, fignifying any river in 
 general among thj people who inhabit near the banks 
 fif the Cafpian Sen, anil who arc generally known in 
 Rulha bv the name of Uzbek Tartars. 
 
 However, having founded the entrance of the Khe 
 fcl, and obferved fcveral marks whereby to know it 
 aa lin, they returned, and made their report to the cm- 
 pror. Peter was fo well plealed with what he had 
 he.ircl, that in 1719 he fent one Brigadier Beckwitz, 
 by the way of Allracan, with two thuutanU five liun- 
 2 
 
 drcd men, to take poftlflion of the mouth of this ri' 
 v<r. He pitilicd upon this officer, becaufe he was n 
 CircaOian, and underlUxid the Tartarian language, 
 which is but little known to many of the Rullians. 
 The Tartars groAingjealuus to fee him comeleveial 
 times that way, tumid the llieam of the channel by 
 three dift'errnt ways ; tlic grounds being low, anil 
 anil the earth rafy to be rut, Tbifc branches were 
 conducted northward into, the lake Aral, and thru 
 they ftoppcd the tntianceof lire river ) I6 that whtit 
 Beckwitz arrived with hii yell'rls, he found the mvuth 
 of the river quite dry. 
 
 However, in obedience to his inftiiiAioni, he landed 
 his men, ajtd began 10 build forts, aa well as the 
 ground, which he found exceeding dry, would permit. 
 But before he was well able to make any refiftancr, 
 the U/.beck Tartars rnifed a great army, and came 
 upon him while he had no thoughts of meeting witit 
 them. 
 
 llei kwitz defended himfelf with fo much bravery, 
 that the khan, \shA commanded the 'Tartars in perfmi, 
 defpairing to conquer him by force, got one of his 
 officers to inform him that he was fecretly in his heatt 
 a real well-wifher to theRulHani, and that he defireJ 
 nothing more than to fee them fettled in the neigh- 
 bourhood ; hut that he was obliged to onpofe them to 
 plcafe the princes his neighbours and relations ; that 
 it was determined to renew the engagement the next 
 day, and in cafe they had no better fucceiii than l>e- 
 lore, he would ci.deavour to bring about an accom- 
 moilation. 
 
 Beckwitz, gave the eafier credit to the khan, becaufe 
 he had fent an envoy to the court of RulFia, with 
 a proteftation of his fincerity. In the meantime the 
 Tartars prepared for renewing the engagement, and 
 when the morning came, many of them, contrary 
 to their ufual cuftom, jumped off from their horlcs, 
 but were again repullcd with lots. Upon this, 
 the khan fent two of his officers, demanding to know 
 what bufincfs the Ruffians had to land men in 
 his territories, and what it was that they wanted ? 
 Beckwirz returned for anfwer, that the fluices made 
 Ml the river fliould be Hopped up, and the mouth of 
 it opened again, that the current might refumc its 
 former coutfe. ThC' Tartars rcmonltrating tl at it 
 was not in their power to dam up the channels, be- 
 caul'u the water ran into thcin with fueh rapidity, 
 Beckwitz propofed that they fhould deliver up to him 
 a certain number of hoftage^ and he would go and 
 do it with his own troops. As that was juft what the 
 I'artars wanted, they readily agreed to his demands ; 
 and the Ruffian commander having left fomc men to 
 uuard the forts, fet forward with the reft : but the 
 hofta.;cs whoferved him for guides, ltd him into dc- 
 farts, where there were only lome holes of Handing 
 water, not fufficient for his troops ; fo that after five 
 days inarch, they found themfelves in danger of pe- 
 rilning. In this diftrefs their guides propoled 10 di- 
 vide them into I'everal finall parties, and lead them 
 by different ways i and Beckwitz. was obliged to com. 
 ply, although he law the ilanger that would attciul 
 i'uch a meafure. In Ihort, the Ruffians '.i.iung thus 
 imprudently feparated themlelves into parties, the 
 Tartars furrounded them one after another, and hav- 
 ing killed their leader, with the greatcft part of ihtir 
 men, led the reft away into flavery. Thole- who had 
 been left to take care of the forts, embarked un board 
 their vcll'els, and, as good fortune would have it, got 
 Cafe to Aftracan. 
 
 'The Lake of Aral, that is, the Lake of K;5glt», fe- 
 parates the province of Aral, to which it ijaes ji.<me, 
 from the eaftern provinces of Karazm. It is one "r 
 the moft cxtenfivc lakes in the northern parts of Afn, 
 being in compal's above eight hundred miles. Its wai- 
 ters arc exceeding I'alt, but contain great quantities u!'' 
 (he fame forts of filh that are found in the C.ifpi.ia 
 Tea, with which it does not fcem to have any ecn- 
 nexion or communication ; nor does it cverflotv its 
 banks, although it receives the waters of fcvnr,il ri- 
 vers into it. The Tartars, who inhabit tht northern 
 
 banks 
 
 'U 
 
 i-jliiiil'i&iS 
 
TRAVELS THROUGH TARTAR Y, &c. 
 
 «IJ 
 
 banki of tliit Ukt, take great uuantitict of the water, 
 which they lay on the hnti% to dry, and the fun tiirni 
 it into A nne chrvOalline fait, which they fell to the 
 people of the neignbouring provinces. 
 
 We had fcveraT guide! to conduct us to Urjrnr., 
 the capit.il of the kin|;dom, fituatcd in a great plain 
 to the north of the River Amii. It was formerly a 
 place of confiJerablc ftrength, but fince the Tartars 
 iKcamc poU'eircd of it, and the northern branch of the 
 Ainii, which ran by it, hu taken another couilc, it 
 has fallen into decay i fo that at prefcnt it is a poor 
 contcmotibic place, with mean houl'es, and about 
 three miles in circumference. lis walls are of burnt 
 bricks, very narrow, and the ditch around it is nearly 
 filled up. The country round tliis city is fertile, but 
 the want of cultivation gives it the appearance of a 
 (Icfart. Wc convcrfcd with fome of the people, but 
 found them extremely ignorant, having no notion of 
 any thing th.'\t bears the name of religion, unlcfs it 
 be the worlhipping of idols they cull So. It is true, 
 they have their temples, which aie little better than 
 milerable hutsj and their idoU are fo numerous, that 
 there is hardly any fuch thing as giving an account of 
 them. Every family has its god, but tliey have fo 
 little rcgird for them, and fuch unworthy notions ';.'' 
 all that Dclongs to the fupremc being, that we often 
 wondered how human nature could be ever funk fo 
 low. Whenever they imagine that their gods refufe 
 to hear thi Ir prayers ; or, in other words, when they 
 do not obtain what they folicit for, then the image 
 is dragged into the ftrects, and broken into a thoufand 
 pieces. Nothing is more common among them, than 
 to hear them difputing concerning the power of their 
 different i^od* { jud in the fame manner as we fre- 
 quently difpute concerning religious points in divi- 
 nity ; and as we frequently make converts to the 
 Catholic faith, fo thefe Pagans prevail upon their 
 neighbours to change their gods. 
 
 When they are Teized with any fort of ficknefs, 
 even with the moft violent fevers, they ufe but one 
 remi'dy, and that is, horfes blood mixed with milk, 
 which the patient drinks. If he rcfufes to drink it, 
 he is tonfidercd as pall recovery ; but if he drinlcs it 
 off, then he is fuppofed to be in a (late of recovery ; 
 which, according to their notions, frequently hap- 
 pens. 
 
 I'he care of the flck is for the moft part left to the 
 women, who refide at home ) for when the men arc 
 rovine abroad in fearch of plunder, and any of them 
 is at that time taken fick, it frequently happens that 
 they are left to perifli. 1'heir military ofHcers exer- 
 cife an unlimittcd authority over the Ibldiers, or 
 rather over the men, for all thofe who are able to 
 manage a horfe are conlidered as foldiert. They 
 make little account of loflng two or three hundred 
 men on an expedition ; and when they return home, 
 the relations, whoarefo accuftomed to thefe things, 
 fcldom make enquiry concerning them. This may 
 ferve to (hew t><--t there is a great difference between 
 the manners and cuftoms of thofe who live in a ftate 
 df nature, and fuch as are governed by the rules of 
 human focicty." So far the learned jefui's, with 
 refpefl to the manners and cuftoms of thefe peopk ; 
 we fliall now go on with fome farther extradls from 
 their writings. 
 
 The jefuits have not been fo accurate as could have 
 been wifhed in their account of the antiquities of this 
 country ; which is the more to be wondered at, bc- 
 caufc they were men acquainted with all forts of 
 learning. Wc fliall therefore endeavour to make up 
 that difference, by pointing out what this country 
 was in antient times, and now it became reduced to 
 its prefent ftate. This will appear the more ncccfljry 
 when we conAder, that there is no forming any no- 
 tions of them without being well acquainted with 
 what they were originally. 
 
 Herodotus, who lived lone before the moft flourifh - 
 ing period of the Roman empire, fays. That in his time 
 it was fubjeft to Perfia ; which is not at all to be won- 
 dera'at, Mcaufe Perfu was then in fuch a ftate of graii- 
 
 dcur,that(hewatconriilcred«sthemiflrersofiheenftcrn 
 world. This was lung after the death bf Cyrus } and 
 Dsiim placed a governor in it, who ■'>p'' as » lieu- 
 tenant ur deputy under hi felf. Probably, when 
 Alexander the Great fuhdued the Pcrfian eni) 're, ihit 
 provmcf, among the reft, fubmltttd to ih' conc|tieror ; 
 but ih" idnfufiun tihat took plate afterwaruii, lian 
 left u& iitirrly in the dark. Indeed we meet with nti 
 farthci notiie of it, till tlie Aiahi toi'k pnlKinnn of 
 it tuward< (he latter end <>t the fetenth (rniiirv, •md 
 placed a governor in ir, as 'hey did in all ih. luigli- 
 boiiring provintes. The Aiabiaii caliphs kipl pof- 
 ftiriun of it upwards of two hundred years ; but their 
 power falling to drray, the mhabitanti of Kara/ni 
 were the firft who liood up in defence of their amicnt 
 rijghts and privileges, llui ftill there were not many 
 king! in thi« country for feveral years after j f.ir every 
 pretender having fet up for himfelf, the ftate was 
 involved in civil broils and dillcntions, nni did any 
 of the inhabitant! know who was the rigliiful fu- 
 vcreign. At length it fell under the dominion of 
 Sultan Mahomed Uazni, King of KhoraUn, whd 
 took poflefTion of it in the year 1016, and made it a 
 province of his empire. In this manner the kingdom 
 of Karazm continued till the year 1092, when the 
 governor Kothb-addin, taking advantage of the broils 
 that enfued, in confequcnce of the death of Mahomed 
 Gazni, aflumed the power of fovereignty, and got 
 himfelf declared king, contrary to the opinion or 
 conlent of the antient nobility, iiut that title was 
 belter eftabliftied by his fon and fuccefTor, Mahomed 
 furnamcd Atflz, though not without great oppofition 
 from Sultan Sanyur, a neighbouring prince, who 
 often reduced him to a ftate of dependency. But 
 Takafh, the Emperor of China, having efpo'ufed the 
 caufe of the King of Karazm, his fovereignty was 
 firmly eftabliftied by the fall of that of the Turks, 
 whofe power he put an end to in Perfla, in the year 
 1196, and added their dominions to his own. His fan 
 Kothb-addin Mahomed extended the empire yet 
 farther, by the empire of all Perfia, and was the 
 greateli prince in Afia, at the time when Jenghiz- 
 khan invaded and took podeinon of his dominions, 
 in 1218. In the mean time Karazm continued to be 
 governed by its own princes for many years after- 
 wards, but was in fome meaiure fubjc£l to the Chinefe 
 at one time, and to the Pcrfians at other times, till 
 1510, when the Perfians again fubdued it, and placed 
 a governor in it. In that condition, howevi:r, it did 
 not remain long ; for within two years afterwards, 
 the inhabitants, being tired of /lavery, revolted againfl 
 the governor, and having fcnt for Ilbars Sultan, they 
 proclaimed him king of the country, 1512) and his 
 fuccellbrs are in pofleflion of it to this day. At pre- 
 fent, nor for fome years back, have we learned much 
 concerning the internal ftate of this country ; only 
 that about the year 1720 there was a rcbellioii here, 
 which terminated in the defeat of the rebels, and all 
 the ringleaders were put to death. Three years 
 afterwards, as appears from the teftimony of Nacchi 
 the jefuit, the prince of the country appointed a 
 Mahometan governor j for that jefuit faw this governor 
 near Aleppo, in his journey to Mecca in Arabia, 
 where Mahomet lies buried. It is probably owing to 
 this circumftance, that, according to the beft informal 
 tion we have been able to procure, there are now 
 many Mahometans in the country. It appears 
 farther, from the jefuit's converfation with the go- 
 vernor, that the prince of the country had rebcfled 
 againft the king his father, and caufed his eyes to 
 be put out, that he might have no farther hopes of 
 enjoying the royal dignity} we learn farther, that 
 foon after that horrid aft of barbarity, the fon vias 
 murdered, as a juft reward for his unnatural cruelty 
 to his father. 
 
 Bukaria, Bukharia, or I'okaria, by all which 
 names it has been known in diTcrent ages, contains 
 that vaft trail of ground ' vhich lies between 
 Karazm and the great fandy lefart bordering on 
 China. Its name is derived fron. a word ufed by the 
 
 Mongul 
 
 ■5| 
 
 ^ 
 
(lift 
 
 TRAVELS T II k f) U (7 II r A R r A K Y, kc. 
 
 Mcin[',ul Tartar*, which (ignifu-* a Irarnril ninii ) hr- 
 cmrt' in ruriiirr iimctlhcrc were in ihi» rnuiitry iivc- 
 ml iLhuuN l«r ihc itlucaiinn nl' ytiuili in llii lilMr.il 
 mis antl UiriiccK. Uut Mhalcvcr Icarmng wit« cul- 
 tivjtcil in tlul pljce in fiirnui (inic!<, ciri.iln it i<, 
 llicrt- i» bul liltlf (II Ik (oiiiid thirc ai indent. The 
 riMlon is <ibvioii«t (hv prclcnt royul family (it China, 
 Ijiruiig originally from (he Mun^iil 'I arur*, aiiJ 
 jirnli.ilily tlie f\itt cii)|ifri'r» of that race, lonk all 
 ihc Icjiiicil nun ailing with ihi'iii tn 1'. kiiii;. This 
 i> no nuire than what ba« been tloni- ii\ many dirtVi- 
 ent luntriet ; for coni|urri)r(, who iiinnil torefKlc 
 in the (tUcei thry have con(|urrr(l, fnun forget thole 
 r>f llicir natitlly ( and, in order tu maliu them- 
 liivrs the more agreeable to their new fiibjiits, they 
 |:rncrally bring alone; with them every thing (hat ik 
 valuable.} and what ii mnie valuable towards promot- 
 ing; the intcrcll of a Date, than learned men i 
 
 Dnh.ilde, and the other jcfuits who vifitrd thl( ex- 
 tcnfive i.ountry, have given us the following defcrip- 
 tioiiofit. " It is boiiiiited on the north by the river 
 Sir, which feparatn it from the dominion! -if thr 
 Lliiihsi on the ea(t, by the kingdoms of Kafligar i 
 on the fouth, by Ihedomininns of the Great Muuul ( 
 and on the wed by the kingdom of Karacm. It in 
 In length about feven hundred milei from cad to weft, 
 and fix hundred in breadth from fouth to north. Con- 
 fidcriiig the fituation of this country, lying far to- 
 wards the north, no place can be more agreeable. 
 The mountaiiii abound with the richcft mines ^ tlie 
 valleys are of an aftonilhing fertility, in all forts of 
 fruits and luibs i*thc fields arc covered with grafs the 
 height of a iivii ; the rivers fwann with the moft cx- 
 celUnt filh ) and wood, which is fu fcarce all ovetr 
 (ircat Tartary, is found here in great plenty in many 
 clift'crcnt pans. In a wurd, it is the bcft cultivated 
 country in all the northern parts of Afia i but all thefe 
 blLinnes arc of little lervicc to the inhabitants, who are 
 ii.ituraTly fo lazy, that they would rather fteal,or rob, 
 and kill their neighbours, than apply theirifelves to 
 improve the benefits which nature fu liberally affords 
 them. 
 
 After a journey of three weeks (fayt Duhalde) we 
 arrived at the capital city of this extenfive kingdom, 
 which is called Bokara i fo that it either gives name 
 to the place, or receives its name from it. It is fitu- 
 ated in a moll delightful plain, and furrounded by a 
 wall made of earth. It is of great extent, and divided 
 into three parts, of which thecallle is one, where the 
 Khan, or king of the country refides ; fur by the 
 calUe we mean all thofe neccflary buildings adjoining 
 to it, as well as the fort itfelf. I'be fecond iJivifion 
 uf the city is taken up with the apartments allotted 
 •for the military, from the commander in chief down 
 to the common foldiers i for in this country all mili- 
 tary men are alike honour.-tblr, thouah all are not 
 equally rich. The third divifiun, whicli Is the largeft, 
 is iKiflefled by the merchants and tradefmcn, with all 
 the common inhabitants in general. In this laft di- 
 villon, every trade or profcflion has its particular quar- 
 ter, and the huufes for the mod part are of earth ; but 
 the temples, and all the puljlic drudlurcs, are of done; 
 fumptuoufly built, and curioufly gilt, efpecially the 
 baths, which are I'o (kilfully contrived, that none like 
 them are to be found in the world. 
 
 There is a mod beautiful fmall river, which divides 
 the city into two etjual parts, but the .water is of fuch 
 a noxious quality, that the perfon who drinks of it, 
 while he is in a fweat, is in daiigerof having worms 
 bred ill the flefhy parts of his legs, which frequently 
 turn to a inortilicstion. They have art art of extradt- 
 ing thcfe worms, by pulling them oot gently i but if 
 they break in the operation, it generally proves fatal 
 to the patient. The method prefcribed when thefe 
 'worm^ make theirappcarancc, is to give the patient wa- 
 ter mixed with mare's milk i and thoii: who neglect to do 
 Co, are whipped through the market place. I'liere are 
 oiEcer* appointed to fearch all houfes for fpirituous 
 liquors ; and in c.ifc they find any, to break the vef- 
 fcl). Nay, it frequently happens, that if a perfon in- 
 
 forms aj'niiid ;uii'tlirr for driiiliing ttrnng liijiii>r<, ll,.- 
 perfon atiuled is tied to .1 1 1 || anJ »hi|i|'cJ. Tin- 
 li verily of ihis l,iw it owiin; to ui\ aiitunt uii!ir 
 made by limii 1)1 llieir prieds in forimr .>;;<<, in order 
 111 prevent dniiikeniu Is , wliuh cann-t he i<( any 
 gre.it lerviee, iiir niiuh r(;;.iid be p;.id to ir, li.r ,ii| 
 th'ife who live lit loM louiit.ies will ii.iliiMlly wilh 
 for hot li((uor*, 
 
 The power of th( kiiijj is much n llricled ; and his 
 ri'MMiiis .iielo linall, ihit be itdblmul lodcpeiij for .t 
 rubliltence fium thecit;. lb lakes ih' tenth part of 
 the \aluc of everv tbinij loM, to the pri.it injury of 
 the people ( ami when hi- wants money (o Inppoit hu 
 exlrav.igjiicies, he finds his ofTicrrs to fci?.o thegowls 
 of the lltnj>-ke(peis. 'I'hii*, lhoUi;h Ir i puwvr b- 
 Imall over futh of his luhjeols as refidc in the coun- 
 try parts, yet he exernfis a tyrannical eru 'liv 0( I'l- 
 thole In his capital city. While we wcie liere, llio 
 prince often fcnt lor us, and aflccd ns many (|uclliuiis 
 concerning the laws, relii;i(>n, and jiower of the 
 Kuropean nations, and he litlrncd tu the aceount wc 
 gave him with great attention i and notwiilidandini; 
 the defpotilm ht ixercifrd a» iilready mentioned, yet 
 we faw feveral iiidanccs of bis jullice to draii'^erv. 
 A caravan hapi'eiilni' to lome from Perfia Into hit 
 doniinions, it was robbed, and fome of the people 
 murdered. Complaint being made to the king, he 
 Cent an hundred armed men in purfuit of the robbers, 
 fome of whom were taken and hanged, and the good* 
 redored to the owners. 
 
 The country of Bukhwia was formerly fubjeft to 
 the Perfians, and the Pcrfian language fpnken there j 
 biit at prefent the Bukharians arc continually at war 
 ■with their neighbours on account of religion, thougit 
 both are Mahometans. They quarrel with the 
 Perfians, becaufe they will not cut ofT the hair from 
 their upper lips, as they and all other Tartari. I'o. 
 To funer the hair to grow on the upper lip is by 
 them reckoned a great hn, and therefore they call 
 the Perfians, Kafvs, which fignilics unbelievers j 
 and this is the name they give to the Chridi<ins. 
 Almod everv year the king goes out to war ; and it 
 frequently nappcns that, m his abfeiice^ his domi- 
 nions arc invaded from another quarter than that to 
 which he has marched, 
 
 'I'liey have no gold coin in this country, and but 
 one piece of fijver, about the value of an Knglilh 
 (hilling. Their copper money is in very fmall pieces, 
 for one hundred and twenty goes to make' up ilur 
 filver one, wliich is not fiKomnumly ufed in paymenr 
 as the copper, the king often fctting wh.it price he 
 pleafes upon it. 
 
 The trade here was once very confidcrablc, for ca- 
 ravans ufed to arrive once every year wilh goods from 
 Ruflta, Perfia, and India ^ but at prelent it is (n 
 fallen on account of the poverty of the people, that not 
 above one caravan arrives in the fpace of three years. 
 The chief articles fold by the inhabitants to thefe 
 merchants are, raw filks, raw hides, (laves, horles, 
 and fuch like; and In return, they take calico and un- 
 wrought filk. Formerly caravans came from China, 
 which the Bukharians call Kathay, when the way 
 was open. This journey took up nine months i anil 
 the merchants brought along with them niulk, rhu- 
 barb, fattin, damafk, and other goods ) but that coni- 
 merce has been dcftroyed In confcquencc of the bloody 
 wars carried on by the I'artarian nations. 
 
 The city is conveniently fituated lur trade ; anJ 
 formerly the duties on goods did not exceed three per 
 cent, but at prefent the merchants are fo much op- 
 prefled, and fo loaded with taxes, that tew have any 
 encouragement to vifit that place ; however, it is from 
 hence that the dominions of the Great Mongu), and 
 part of Perfia, arc fuj^livd with dried fruits of all 
 forts, which have a modexquifite flavour. 
 
 Befldes the capital city Bokhara, wc vifited feveral 
 others ) but in number of inhabitants, and extent of 
 buildings, they arr much inferior. Kafmina, one of 
 thefe cities, is fituated in the province of that name, 
 toward* the frontiers of Katazm ; but although 
 
 formerly 
 
f R A V E r, r, T <f R o t; c n t a r t a r y, &c. 
 
 617 
 
 formally 1 |»|jce o( nolc, )Tf it ;> ii. v A vrry incon- 
 fiJcralilc luMTii. About crn i>r Itvilvu miles m ihr writ 
 of tills, lict WiiriUiiri, litii It'll lU'nr the xiriiiiuy 
 of K.ir.iiiii, ind 14 1 pretty neat i.'ivn, rurroiiiultd by 
 (ileadnl lieliln ind bc4utiiiil ^ 11.U111. The inli.ihi- 
 Unii Hiivo t coiilideriblr ti.ijt with th« K'rliano, 
 but not III exteiifivc <i<i It was Imimrly, on account nt 
 the loii^ iin<l bloody w.ir> th.it luvc been cirtitd on 
 in th.it |>irt of the world. 
 
 Kiillil, another city >n thli liMir;iloni, l« fitiutcd 
 on the north liile ol' the 1 ivvr Aiini, aii.l i^, n'Xt in the 
 capltiil, tlic bell city in the kin|vl"i" 1 bring Urge, 
 liopulout, ami well bnill. The ii.i/liboiirlnk; landi 
 lire exceeiliiwly U'ttilc in .ill l'urt> <it ,;i.iin .ind liiiiin ) 
 and ttiu iiiluDiuntt carry 011 .1 riiiili<lt'ralilu liadc t'> 
 the iiortluiii parti ol the Inuun. li wan In th^: 
 beautilul plaiiii adjoiniii'.', to tliit city il'it the ^reat 
 Taincrlaiie iiUi:n encjni]H'd hit army, when he 
 marched (ound Iroin thr Indu-t. A litik to thi- mirili 
 ol thi» city i:ta linall iaiii i aii.l the nm Aim lic- 
 llii{ fordabic lien-, it 11 gin'-taily criiucli.d wiih pinpli, 
 wlio |>afn ihrou.i;li it in their way In Pcrlia ; but other 
 %virc it h.ith nothing reniarkable. 
 
 What wc have jull now «xtratbd from the jcfiiits, 
 rdatej chiefly to the ancient or I'ropir liukharia, for 
 there arc many other province!* wliiih they vililid ;iil. 
 joining to it, tint arc often callid by the lame name. 
 All tlule provinces were vilittd by tin- ji liiits, as well 
 as by fevcral iMirnpcan nieKhaiit>, wim e.irricil ;>n(i<ls 
 in cjiavans all the wayacrols Alia, troiii AIe|>|io, int.i 
 'J'artary. 
 
 The (irft of tbefe provlncei we (hnll mention, i< 
 Samarkant, beiii;! about live hundred miles lonj;, and 
 the fame luiinbei in breadth. It was tiirinirly lull ol 
 fliiuiilhiii-; lo'A IIS and tiliis, but null of tlum now 
 nre eitiuf loMJly ruined, or iiiu.h decayed. " We 
 entered ji,(l,iythc jeluils) liuin tli'' c.ill (j| liiikha- 
 ria I'lopir, and travelled over a nmlf d.li'liifiil tdun- 
 try ahmil ten diy*, when we an ived at tl.c city of 
 Samarkant, wliicli }',ives iiaiue to tin: province. It is 
 ntiMtcd III a v.ille) , on the banks of u riier called 
 S(i;^d, and kiiuivn to the aiRiiiits by llr; n^me ol 
 Soi'diaii. It Is a larjjc, well built, populous town, 
 and foriilied H lib Itrong bulwarks ol earth. I'here 
 bein^ leveral quarries of liee-dune 11" ir iliecity, fume 
 of the luiulcs are built of iKm.-, p.iilM iil.nly the caf- 
 tlc for the icfidcnd of the klian, uliicb is the moll 
 fpaclous edifice in the prcvinie. I'.it as thi< province 
 has at prcfent no particular khan, lo the callle is much 
 ncglciitcd i for when tlic khan of (treat I'ukbaii.i 
 conies to viCit this place, he encamps on the meadows 
 adjoining to the city. 
 
 Hut the molf reiiiaikiblc ciiriofity in this city is an 
 academy, where all the lever il arts and Iciences known 
 in that part of tlie world are tau';bt ; and lieie an 
 a great number of youn;^ men of the M.ibametan 
 religion, who vifit ibis place tioin all the neiuhbuuring 
 countries to purine their iliidies. They ba\c apart- 
 ments allotted them, and pkafant gaidens to 'k 
 in 1 but they would not permit us to bear their rv 1 . 
 cifes; fo that all wecould learn was, that they .".i. 
 fome parts of alhonomy, geography, liilbny, and have 
 moral lelluns dellvcrcU them on felect pall'ages In the 
 Alcoran. 
 
 Near the city runs a fmall river, which 1"'': into the 
 Anui, and might he id' gicat utility t- iht place in 
 opening a communication betwcei tb 1. ; aSiitants and 
 the neiglibouring kingdoms, bad the 101 mei butfulficient 
 indulfry or knowledge to make It navigable; but that 
 tr.iJc may flourilh, there would require another fort of 
 a mailer than a Maho.netan Tartar. They make lure 
 the mod beautiful lilk paper that is to be found In all 
 Alia, which occalions it to be h'UI in fuch repute 
 throughout the caft, that they have a coiifidcrable ile- 
 mand for it. 
 
 The country produces apple', pears, raifins, and 
 melons, of a moll excellent talle, and in fuch plenty, 
 that vaft quantities of them are lent to Perfia, and 
 throughout leveral parts of the Mon;^ul empire. The 
 women have almoft the fame libcrtv as in Kurope, 
 Vol., II. No. 5j. 
 
 -% 
 
 aiid fomr of them are far from being difajjrcfiblr, but 
 rhi y never conveiftf with llrangrr). 
 
 Otiar, the next city ol any note in this province, 
 IS liliiatcd near the northern cxiieniity ol ih.r loiin- 
 Iry, and is, like Samark.oii, I iiilt in a dilightlul 
 plain, having a Im.ill liver running thrjo;;li It. Ihu 
 houles arc low ami meanly built |. but there aie- a coii- 
 liderable nuiTiber ol inhabitants, it Is fecund by 4 
 Kron;^ eait'irn wall, but liltic care is taken of it, ex- 
 cept when hi y are «lraid of the approach ol an eniin}'. 
 It Wat heie that the f;re it Tainei lane died, in 14O], 
 who was one of the moil cxtraordinarvperloiu wb iiio-t 
 with in hilloiy. He was 1. 1'l an orphan in his ln> 
 f.'n.y, and bi' night upanv.nn llnpheriUon the moun- 
 tain* i but heiiii' of an ent. ipril' ig dil|ioliilnri, cool, 
 I'.dii'r, andartlul, he icIoUeiJ to iiiipnne thole talents 
 111 ri'lloitng peaie to his country, tluiituin by intrl- 
 tini- divilions, and hair.ill'ed by foreli^n invalioni. 
 Ill this uiidertaklin; he was much cnciuiraged in con- 
 l.tjiieiueol bis having learnt, 01 at lealt made to 
 hilhvc, that he w.isof iiie liLnd mval of I'artary. 
 Whatever truth might li.ive been in that, cannot now 
 be known, nor is it at all neci ll'.iry t lor whether or 
 not h.' w.is deieende.l of kiiijs, ihi'i much i< certain, 
 thit powerlul emperor^ have d Id mini li.imhim, 
 
 H.ii IP;; eollitli d toi^ci r a hand of (lieplnrdi, cn- 
 itrd to hardlhip'. he tr.iired thtin up to the ultf of 
 ■ms, a'ul attack. d a ! ' d of t'dibcrs who infellej 
 ' 'le prin ..lec wlieie he rili.ud i and this give fo much 
 I tl>f.u'li' ■> to the eople, that many of them joined 
 f im i an, I 111 one year he was fo luccehful, ihatipcace 
 was nllo I to |i I'reatell part ol Tarijiv. Ihl» 
 I'avc Tain.'ilanc a:i opportunity of aciiuiring a name ; 
 ai. the people, ■ho were a' 'bat tin. midci' the gc- 
 
 veinment of l-veral petty ees, mr.rle him juiige 
 
 in all till ir controverfies. '"'us was jull what he 
 wi(h-'<l for ( bec.'ufe h '--, i\ that nothing tended fo 
 irii'h towards tllablillii ,^ ,ower as that ol deciding 
 111 didkult cafes, where tlie piiple caiiii..' i;'rce among 
 thcmfiivcs. 
 
 The T rkiini. ns, fincc called i u^iis and Otto- 
 mans, in I! mory , ' Uthman, one of their Icad.^s, 
 were at hat lime beginning to be extremely powei - 
 fill ; and intending to pulh their conqueils into '...' 
 foiith-uell provinces of Alii,thiv found, that unleli 
 I hey could bi iiiT the Tart.irs tu be Ionic way or othor 
 dependi-nt on thi 01, It would be dangerous for them 
 to have their dominlcns expoled to the Inroads of 
 inch iiiveteritr nurcilefs rnemief. Accordingly they 
 iiiv.vil.d T. ■<■•/; aiul as the inhabitants were too 
 li.oi;;bty to li.ibmit, they ch.ile Tamerlane to be their 
 coniinaiidrr in cliiel. From this time the admired 
 talents of this heroic leader began to lliine forth in 
 all their meridian glory j and the greater the danwrs 
 he bad tooppofe, the lefs he leemed to be aflcited. 
 He drove the Turks out of Tarlary, and Inving pur- 
 lued them Into the moll fertile provinces in Afia, took 
 prifoner li ijazet their leader, confined him in an iron 
 ca;'e,ai\d Itood upon it when he mounted on horlcback. 
 
 Having forced the Tuiks to luc for peace, h« 
 granted it to them, upon enndition that they fliouM 
 not invade 'I'artary, and, at the fame time, though 
 he was a heathen himfclf, yet he obliged the Turks 
 to promiii:, under the fevereft penalties, not to in- 
 vade the territories of the Greek emperors. Havini^ 
 thus far humbled his enemies, aivl given peace to all 
 thofc provinces in Tartary that acknowledgej hii 
 fovereign authority, he obliged the more ictiaftory 
 to fubmit ; and, haying thus united them, he fet 
 himfclf about making ufeful laws for their better go. 
 vcrnment, both in peace and in war. Inllead of fuf- 
 ferlngthem to rove abroad In fmall parties, he had 
 them regularly trained up to military difcipline, and 
 incorporated into battalions and Iquadrons. 
 
 He was unanim>iufly tltCled khan, or emperor of 
 Tartary ; and no fooner bad he received that title, 
 than he refolved to fhew himfclf worthy of it. He 
 railed an army of near a million of men, mod of 
 whom were horfemen ; and marched into the Indies, 
 where he I'ubdued the Inhabitants, and laid the fuunda* 
 7 T tion 
 
kit 
 
 TRAVELS THROUGH TARTAR Y, &c. 
 
 tion of the Mogul empire, which is inherited by his 
 defcendants to this day. All his Ibldiers wc^e loaded 
 with fpoili i but fo ftriiSt was he in preferviiig go4Kl 
 order, that without pcrmiflion from him, not one 
 dared to meddle with the mod infignificant article. 
 This feverity> of difcipline has made Come authors 
 accufehim of cruelty ; but it fliould be confidcred,' that 
 he had a barbarous people to govern, upon whom 
 ordinary punifhments would have had but little clfedt. 
 One day a farmer complained to him, that one of his 
 officers had robbed him of fome fowls, and the delin- 
 quent being broaght before Mm, he ordered him to 
 be fpitted, and ronttid to death before a flow fire. 
 This may appear fhocking to us; but let us only 
 confiderwhat kind of fubjeds Tamerlane had to deal 
 with, and what objcfts he had in view. 
 
 His fubJe<Sls were barbarians, till, by the fcverity of 
 military difcipline, he brought them into a ftate uf 
 fubjeflion, and made them ht to be members of fo- 
 Ciety. This was partly what he had in view ; but 
 flill he afpired to higher things. He had already 
 eftabliflied an empire in the Indies, driven the Turks 
 within the bounds of their own provinces, and greatly 
 civilized the manners of his own people. His next 
 fcheme was, to make the fucceflion to the Mogul em- 
 pire hereditary in liis own family, and accordingly 
 gave it to one of his fons : Tartary he gave to 
 another, namely the eldeft; and as many of ha, fub- 
 jc£ls had embraced the religion of iClahomet, he 
 humoured them fo f.^r as to do the fame. Judging 
 his end approaching, he fent for his deputy governors 
 of the provinces, and caufcd th:m to promlfc to do 
 every thing in their power to fupport his family on the 
 throne ; and to engajic them in thi<, he m.ide their 
 offices hereditary. Having thus difpol'tJ of every 
 thing in a proper manner, he died at Otrar, in 1405, 
 well advanced in years, beloved by his fubjciSls, and 
 feared by I'is enemies. There are at prclenc thn-e 
 tmpcrors in Alia dcfccndcd from this illuftrious licro ; 
 namely, the Khan of Great Tartary, the CJreat 
 Mogul, and the Emperor of China. 
 
 We thought it the more ncceflary to take notice of 
 Tamerlane in this fliort digrcffion, becaufe though 
 we find him often mentioned, yet does it not appear 
 that many peifons are acquainted either with his 
 country, the age in which he lived, or his real 
 chara£ler. 
 
 " Having feen every thing worthy of notice at 
 this place, (fays.Duhalde) we entered the province 
 of Balk, fituated on the fouth of Samarkant, and is 
 in length about three hundred and fixty miles, and 
 in breadth two hundred and forty. It is one of the 
 moft fertile provinces in Bukharia, which is the 
 general name of this part of Tartary. The prince, 
 who is fubjedt in fome mcafure to the khan of 
 Tartary, enjoys a confulerable revenue; for there is 
 much filk in his dominions, of which the people 
 make the moft beautiful patterns. They carry on an 
 extenfive trade with the Indians and Perfians, which 
 contributes much towards civilizing their manners ; 
 but in all other refpcils, they are like the reft of the 
 Tartars. 
 
 The city of Balk, which gives name to the 
 province, is filuate about fifty miles from the borders 
 of Perfia, on the River Debafk, which, about fort^ 
 miles to the wcftward, falls into the River Ainu. 
 It is at prefent the moft confiderable town inhabited 
 by the Mahometan Tartars, being large, fair, and 
 well peopled. Moft of the buildings are of ftone or 
 brick} and its fortifications confift of bulwarks of 
 earth, fenced without by a ftrong wall, high enough 
 to cover thofe employed in its defence. 
 
 The khan's c.iftle is a great building, after the 
 caftern fafhion, being almott wholly of marble, dug 
 out of the neighbouring mountains, where there are 
 many fine quarries of it. 
 
 All foreigners having free liberty to trade in this 
 city, it is now become a place of great merchan- 
 dize, and like a middle ftage between Bukharia and 
 the Indies. The fine River Dcbaflc, already mcnti- 
 2 
 
 oned, contributes greatly towards promoting the 
 trade of the place; and only two per cent, duly is 
 paid on goods cither exported or imported ; but p.ii- 
 fengcrs pay nothing. 
 
 We travelled through fevcrrti vallics at the foot of 
 lofty mountains to the fouth of Ualk, till wr nrnytii 
 at the town of Andcrab, fiiu.itcd near wheie the 
 Mogul empire is divided from I'lifia Jiid Bukh::ii.i. 
 This place we found cr iiided wiih iiavellers; for all 
 the goods brought from Bukhaf'-i to lie fent to thi 
 Indies, are carried through the road adjuiiiin/; to 
 Andifiab, there being no piilfihility for he:ilts ol bur- 
 then to travel acrofs'the mountains. I'he town is 
 not Well fortified; but to make up that deficiency, a 
 ftrong guard of foldicrs perform duty, to protect the 
 merchants who travel to and from India. The neigh- 
 bouring mountains afford very rich quarries of lapis 
 (azuli, with which the inhabitants (arry on a confi- 
 derable trade to In<lia and Perfia. There arc many 
 inhabitants in this town, ,inJ they h.ive a mofquc, 
 which is but an iiulliferent huiiJiiig. 'I'hc duty on 
 all goods brought through either to India or Perfia, 
 is four per cent, becaulc tlicre is a neceffity of keep- 
 ing a confiderable number of folJiers to prevent thieves 
 from taking the goods. 
 
 More to the caft\v:irJ, rnd at the foot of one of 
 thefe mountains, Hands the city of Badagflian, and 
 is the frontier giirrifun between Great Ta.tary and 
 the Mogul Enipire. It is a very aiVticnt citv, and 
 almoft impregnable on account of ll'e mountains in 
 the ncighhourliood. It is depcuJcnt on the khan of 
 Proper Bukliaria; and in it is a Orong caltle, in 
 which ftate prifoncrs arc confined. The city, thongh 
 not larg'", is extremely pop\iloiis ; and the inhabitants 
 are inriched by their mines of j^'ld, filver, .ind rubies, 
 of which there are many in the neighbourhood. 
 Thofe who dwell near the foot of the mountain^ 
 gatlier great quantities of gold and filver duft out of 
 the clianiitls which are formed by the torrents ^^hich 
 run from the top, when the fnow melts in the fpring. 
 The reft of the Tnrtars look upon thefe people with 
 contempt, bccaule they follow mcichaiidife, infte.td 
 of plundering their neighbours ; for the rude Tartars 
 think nothing in the world fo honourable as roving 
 from place to place in queft of booty. 
 
 The inhabitants of this part of the country, and 
 throughout the greatcft part of Bukharia, are, in their 
 pcrfons, of an ordinary fizc, but well made, and fair 
 complcxioncd, confiikring the climate. They have 
 for the moft part large eyes, black and lively ; arc 
 hawk-nofed; their faces well ftiapcJ ; their hair black, 
 and very fine, and their beards thick. Inaworif, 
 they are very dilferent from many of the Tartars who 
 live more to the northward ; beinj; in all refpeCts much 
 more handfome in their ftiapcs, and agreeable in their 
 countenances. I lie women are large in their make, 
 have good fti-'ipcs, and many of iliem very beautiful 
 features. Bo-h men and women ufe calico fliifts and 
 drawers, but the men arc diftinguiHied by a veit, 
 which they call a h/flat, and it r'.aehcs to th; calf of 
 the leg. On their iicads they v.car a round cloth 
 bonnet, fliaped much after the Polifli faftiion, having 
 a large border of fur ■, but the gentry wear turbans, 
 after the manner of the Turks. 'I'ney tic tlieir vefts 
 about the middle with a girdle of filk crape, which 
 goes fevcral times rou :.d the body ; and when they go 
 abroad, they throw over it a long tlothgown fringed 
 with fur, and lined with the fame in winter. Their 
 boots are made like the Perfian hiifkin, but not alto- 
 gether fo neat ; and they have the art of preparing 
 horfes hides for the purpofc, after a very fiiigular 
 manner. 
 
 The women wear long gowns of calico, or filk, 
 which are pretty full, and hang loolb about tlieb')dy. 
 Tlieir flippers arc (hapfd like ihiifc worn liy the women 
 in the Indies, and they cover their heads with .! ' : )e 
 flat coloured bonnet, letting their hair han;; down lue 
 back in trcfTes, .idorned with pcirls and otiicr jewels. 
 They travel in large caravans to China and the Jn(!i( ■, 
 where they difpole ol their goods to a very gnat ad- 
 
 vantage. 
 
 • 
 
 
 
TR AV ELS THROUGH TARTAR Y, &c. 
 
 619' 
 
 vantngf. They are fo different from the northern 
 Tartars, that they never eng.i^i.c iii wars, but apply 
 themfelvcs to the arts of peace, in manufafturing 
 their filks, and carrying on an cxtcnfive commerce ; 
 ''or which they are trcateil by their favagc neighbours 
 as a cowardly people; notwithftandiiig which, they 
 give more proofs of tlieir good (enfe, than is flicwn 
 by thofe who defpife them. 
 
 Thcfc natives of Bulcharia are luccrly at a lofs to 
 difcovcr from what body of people tl-y are dcfcendcd ; 
 nor can they give any account of the time when they 
 firft fettled m this part of the Indies. All they could 
 tell me was, that they came from fome diftant coun- 
 try, of which they can give no further account, but 
 that it has been tranfmittcd down to them by oral 
 tradition. Several writers have imagined that they 
 are the defcendants of the ten tribes, who were car- 
 ried into captivity by Salmananar,' king of AITyriaj 
 (II. Kings, ch, xviii.) and this they think the more 
 probable, becaufe Media, where thcfe people were 
 placed by the conqueror, was fltuate near the borders 
 of Perfia, and in part of the kingdom which is now 
 called Bukharia. The conjeflure is farther fupported 
 from the circumftance of the people having much of 
 the appearance of Jews, and many cuftoms like 
 theirs ; but fimilitudes of manners and cuftoms are 
 often fallacious, and no certain rule by which We can 
 diftinguifh between truth and falfliootl. It is not faid 
 whether thofe who belonged to the ten tribes returned 
 from the captivity, but yet it is certain, that many of 
 them did; for when our Saviour was on earth, we 
 find thofe mentioned who belonged to other tribes ; 
 and the reafon is obvious. Many of the Jews, who 
 were carried into captivity by Nebuchadnezzar, were 
 fettled near the borders of Perfia ; and Cyrus the 
 Great having united thtfe provinces together, a com- 
 munication was opened between the tea tribes and 
 thofe of Judah and Benjamin j fo that there can 
 remain not the leail dnubt, but that many of the 
 ten tribes joined their brethren, and returned to 
 Jerufalem with Zeruobabcl. Nay, if we look into 
 the book of Ezra and Nehemiah, we fhall find that 
 fome of each tribe arc mentioned; and probably it is 
 owing to this that there is not at prefcnt any dillinc- 
 tion between the tribes among the Jews. However, 
 it is more than probable that this place, called Buk- 
 haria, is no other than what the Jews tells us many of 
 their countrymen refide in ; but fuch a fable does not 
 deferve credit ; for no modern traveller gives any 
 countenance to the opinion. 
 
 Leaving Great Bukharia, we travelled fouthward, 
 through that vaft traiftof land called Little Bukharia; 
 not that it is Icfs in extent than the other, for it is 
 larger; but it is called little, becaufe it is neither fo 
 populous, nor has it fo many fine cities. It is bor- 
 flercd on the north by Great Bukharia ; on the weft, 
 by vart fandy defarts ; on the caft, by the country of 
 the Caimuc Tartars, and the Moni;uls; and on the 
 fouth, by Tibet, and the north-weft end of China. 
 It is in length, from eaft to weft, about eight hundred 
 aiid forty miles; and (torn north to fouth, five hun- 
 dred and feventy. It has fo many lofty mountains, 
 that the air is colder in winter than is common in 
 fuch a climate ; but though It is not fo well cultivated 
 as the provinces in Great Bukharia, yet it produces 
 the moft excellent fruits and wines, with every thing 
 nccefiary for the fupport of the people. It is very 
 rich in mines of gold and filvcr ; but the inhabitants 
 are too lazy to work them. 
 
 Indeed, the only fervice the gold is of to them, 
 fcrvcs 'ather to denote thii indolence than their in- 
 duftry. They will not be at the trouble to work in 
 the mines, ; l>ut when the rain and melted fnow wafhes 
 the foil from the tops of the mountains, they ftem 
 the currents of the rivulets, and gather out the gold 
 andfilverduft, which they fell to the Indian mer- 
 chants. There is much mufk in this country, and 
 all fotts of precious ftoncs, and even diamonds ; but 
 as the inhabitants have not the art either to cut or 
 polifli them, fo they are obliged to fell them rough to 
 
 the Indians and Chinefe, whopolilh them, and difpofc 
 of them to the Europeans. The vallies at the foot of 
 the mountains are not only fertile, but alfo delight- 
 ful ; and almoft every one of them is watered with a 
 ftrciim of freft) water. The moft difagrccahlc thing 
 is, that when we went to the tops of the mountains, 
 we naturally cxpe£ted to have an extenfive proipciSt 
 before us, but we were deceived ; becaufe all wc 
 cnuld fee was the top of another mountain, or many 
 otiv.T mountains, as high as that upon which wc 
 
 rtood. 
 
 'J"hc country is divided into fevcral provinces, all 
 of which we vifited, and ftiall here give as accurate 
 an accbunt of them as pofTible. The firft of thcfe is 
 Kalhgai" ;" fo called from its capital city, built near 
 the banks of a fmall river, formed by ftrtams ifluing 
 from the mountains. It was formerly a place rf 
 great ftrcngth, but having been often bcficgcd and 
 taken by fome of the neighbouring priiice«, it is now 
 fallen to decay. However, there is ftill a confiJcr- 
 able trade carried on in it, thoui^h not equal to what 
 there was formerly. Before the Tuiks fettled in the 
 fouthern provinces of Alia, this was their capital 
 city, and fome remains of their arcliitedlure are ftill 
 to be feen in it. The i [habitants here treated us with 
 great civility, and took any trifle wc cfl' red ttitni 
 in exchange for provifions. Tliere aie nii.ny fmall 
 villages in this province, where the wonicn arc fo 
 far from being under any fort of reftraint, that tliey 
 aftually cultivate the ground in the abfeiice of their 
 huft)ands. This is in a manner abfolutely necelVary, 
 becaufe the men are either employed in hunting, 
 fiftiing, or merchandife. 
 
 Leaving ICaftigar, wc travelled eaftw.ard about 
 ninety miles to Yarkian, fituated on the baiil.;s of a 
 river, which is formed by a coUedion of fprings 
 from the mountains, and running north about fix 
 hundred miles, after being joined by many other 
 rivers, empties itfelf into a lake called Lop. The 
 town is large and well built, moft of the houfes 
 being of brick, but according to the ealtern cuftom, 
 they are only dried in the fun ; fo that the rain cafilv 
 wames them away. All round the town, the ground 
 is well cultivated, and produces all forts of ufcful 
 grain. There is a caftle where a governor rcfides 
 during two or three months in the fummer, in order 
 to colled the tribute for the khan. It is a place of 
 great commerce ; for the inhabitants trade not only 
 with the fubjc£ls of the Great Mogul, but likewife 
 with the Chinefe, with the natives of Tibet, and 
 even as far as Siberia. 
 
 Peter the Great intended to have fettled a trade be- 
 tween his dominions and Yarkian, by means of the 
 river Irtis, which would have proved very advanta- 
 geous to his fubjefls, but he died before he had com- 
 pleted his defign, and his fuccefTors have totally ne- 
 gleited it. A little more to the fouth lies the fine 
 valley of Hotom, fo called from a city of the fame 
 name. It was formerly a place of great importance^ 
 being extremely populous, and the inhabitants rich, 
 by means of their tr.ide. At prefcnt it is much de- 
 cayed, but the trade is not ruined ; for here is a con- 
 titiual refort of merchants from China, India, and 
 Tibet. Although the inhabitants are for the moft 
 part Mahometans, yet there is a, general toleration 
 granted to all forts of pagans, and that is the reafon 
 why we found feveral heathen temples in the town, 
 and in the neighbourhood ; but in their ceremonies 
 they difl^ered much from each other. Some of them 
 facrifice horfes, and drink of their blood while it 
 is warm ; but fuch as are defcendcd from the Chinefe, 
 make a continual rule to facrifice hogs. 
 
 All the buildings here are in the eaftern fadiion, 
 namely, of bricks dried in the fun ; and the inh;ibl- 
 tants pay a fmall tribute annually tO the khan of Circat 
 Tartary, who keeps an army in pay to proteift them. 
 Thcbeft place we vifited in this province was Akfu, 
 vvhich though not the capital, yet is the moft flou- 
 rifliing town in the whole place. It is built on the 
 north fide of a fmall river, which falling from the 
 
 mountains 
 
 Sf!-, 
 
i1>6 
 
 T R A- V K I, S r H R C U G H TARTAR Y, .<c, 
 
 ihountains on the north, cmptios itfclf intt) a vaft- 
 Candy defart on the fouth. 'I'hcre is a confiderablc 
 trade carried on by the inhabitants ; and here arc nia- 
 nul'ai^lured fortie of the fineft filks in the ealt. 'I'hc 
 town is furruunded by a Hone wall, faced over with 
 ea''th, ahd kept in good rip.iir ; having uatch tnwrrs 
 at equal diftanccs, and fine walks fur the inhabitants. 
 The greatcd part of the |>eople arc Mahometans, bur 
 there are alfofeveral pagans who have a temple, where 
 they oiFor facrifices of hogs to their idols, which 
 fervc* to fticw" that they are Jefcended from the Chi- 
 iicfe. 
 
 Travelling more to the cadwari!, we arrived at 
 Turfan, which gives name to a province., J;t js a city 
 of confiderablc extent, furroundcil by a ,br"i<jk wall, 
 and extremely populous. The bulMings are neat, 
 being all of brick, and they have fivcral mofii.ues, 
 the inhabitants being wholly Mahometans ; for al- 
 though they grant a general toleration, yet wc could 
 not hnd any heathens in the p!;)ce, excciit fuch mer- 
 chants as came from China and India, 'I'he country 
 adjoining to the city affords all the ncctfi'iiricsol life; 
 but there are few fruits befides melons. The nielmis 
 however are of a large fize, and fine flavour, fo that 
 they become a confiderablc article of commerce. They 
 IVll all thefe to the merchants who tome from the 
 Mongulempire, that fort of fruit being much v.iliied 
 there. Near the borders of this prni incc, there is .tii 
 cxtenlivc defart which reaches as t.ir as the yrc.it w:ill 
 of China; .ind in Ibme parts of it, there ;.rc great 
 luinibrrs of ty;;ers, and other wild bt.ilfs, lo that 
 tlu-re is no '|>a(lin5 through it i.\icpl in cniavan'., an. I 
 every traveller niu(t have arms to dthMi.1 hinilllf again It 
 t.'icle furic^ animals. 
 
 Inthe^noleof this defart, there is neither gr.ir> 
 nor water, fo that thofi' who mglccl to tnke pruvi- 
 fioMs l"or their horlis alon^ with thcin, arc .tjU to 
 1, lie ilii-in before ihev get at the eiid of tlicir join my. 
 The 'l'art.irb tlieicfore ufe dromedaries, b'.eaufe little 
 food iVrves them, and ihey can live without w..ter 
 five or fix d.iv! . 
 
 With lefpcdt to the uihabit.Tnts of r.iitlc Biikha- 
 ria in general, we found but little diili-rciire .Tn-.oni; 
 them ; for tliey arc in general lAarliiy and bl.ick- 
 haired, although fome of them niv fair. They Ireeir 
 Itrangcrs with great rcfpecl ; but they arc exireir.ely 
 covetous, which is the realon th'-y carry on fui li ;in 
 cxtenfive trade with China, Pcrfu, huli.i ai)d RufTii. 
 Thofe who deal with them, ami arc una^i]iKnriti d 
 with the arts they pradice, arc fiire to hi: cli.att;! ir 
 impofedon. In their habits, the men ditKr very liiilc 
 from the Tartars; for they wc.ir a Itut of froci; of 
 coarfe cloth, that falls down to the calves of thtir Kgs 
 having fleeves very wide tovrnrds the fhoulJers, hut 
 narrow at the elbows. They wear tiinlles like the 
 Poles, and thefe are generally of ffripcs made of fcar- 
 let-colourcd filk. The habit of the v\'omcn differs 
 but little from that of the men. lliey wear loole 
 robes of quilted cotton, with b'hs in their ea;', twelve 
 inches long, falling often as low as tluir flii)ulders. 
 Thcv part and twilt their hair in trellis, which they 
 lengthen with black ribbands embroidered with gold 
 or filvcr, and with great tafTcls of filk ami filver, 
 which hang down to their necks or their brcnrts ; ihcy 
 wear tufts of filk, and their necks are adorned with 
 firings of pearl?, with fcvcral pieces of coin h ;n;;- 
 in» from them, fo that thoy make a glitteiin;> ap- 
 pearance, which ferves topleafe the men, whole talk's 
 arc not very rcf5ncd. Both fexes carry about with 
 them little cotton bags, in which are levcral prayers 
 written by their priells, ami theli; they rrpe.it as ai.ti 
 dotes againff any evil that may happen to them. 
 
 The young women, in order to mal<e thernfclves 
 appear more beautiful than thofe advanced in years, 
 make ufe of vermilion with which thiy paint tlicir 
 nailf ; and this colour finks (b deep, that it will 
 remain fcvcral years without being renciCed. IJoth 
 men and women wear dole drawers, and boots made 
 of RulTia leather, very li''ht, and much in the lame 
 Ihape as the flippers worn by the 7 inks. They alio 
 2 
 
 wear the fame fort of bonnets and covcrin'^ for tlu* 
 head; except that the wcintn have theirs adouicd wiitv 
 peatls. 1 hat a married woman may be known fmm a 
 virgin, the former are diftnguifhed by a 1cm; piece of li- 
 nen, which they wear under their boniui,and after 
 folding it round the neck, they tic it in a knot behind., 
 fo that one end hangs down to the waill. 
 
 Some of their houfes are of Hone, but the grentcfl 
 part of brick ; and in their furniture they have nothing 
 ornamental. They have neither chairs nor table-, 
 nor is any thing to be I'ccn la their chambtis but 
 fome China trunks, upon which they fpread carpit.s 
 made (if cotton, and ot various colouis. 'I'hcir window 
 curtains aie alio of cotton with flowers wrought 
 in tliem ; and tlictr bedlieads arc about half a yard 
 high,, and four yards in length ; hut in the day 
 thefe arc covered with carpets. They go to bed 
 ftark naked, but always drcis in the morning when 
 they get up, and fit crofs-legged, in the fame maiir 
 ncr as the Turks. 
 
 They arc very neat about their viiSluals, which tlit 
 flaves drefs in their mafters' chambers ; where, accord- 
 ing to the number of pcrfcMis in the family, there are 
 feveral iron pots, fet in a kind of range near the 
 chimney, which ferves to warm the houfe during 
 winter. Some have little ovens made of bricks, and 
 in thefe they frequently bake their viitual.i. 'J'heir 
 kitchen utenfils are for themoff pait of copper veil'els, 
 in which they boil their tea, ami warm water when 
 they want to wafli thcmfelves. A piece of calico 
 ferves thvm inftcad of a table cloth, and they ulc 
 neither knives nor forks, but pull the meat to pieces 
 with their fingers. They aie extremely fond ol? 
 I'oups i and in eating them they ufe large wooden 
 f))oi.ns, much in the l.aiie form .is the ladles we have iu 
 liiiiope, with which we fkimciir ,njts. Their ufual fixid 
 confilts of minced meats, of which they often make 
 a fort of pics of a fcniicircular fniin, and tliefelcrvc 
 as provifioiis when they go on a long journey, par- 
 ticularly in winter. 
 
 They carry this food inb-igr; and when they have 
 nccafion to ufe it, they put it into boiling water, 
 fo that its tafic very much icleinliles the niinccd veal 
 of the Englifh. Thiir ufiul diiiik is tea, and ihcy 
 have a black fort which they prepare with milk, f.ilt, 
 and butti.r, andtlicytatbrc.nl iiloiig with it. Thi', 
 however, is not, properly f'pciking, tea, for it is 
 made of black beans, a gv.iin uicd by the I'artars in 
 general, of which they make tlicir bread. It is ex- 
 tremely wholcronic ; and ucfiir.d but little ililler- 
 cnce between it and the f'uikifli coU'ce. 
 
 The people however are too much addiiTlcd to the 
 ufe of it, which conduces ;;really to ueprefs their Ipiritr, 
 and reduce them to a Itatc of the moll abjei'l indo- 
 lence. Probably it is owing to this that their minds arc 
 in a manner ftrangers to ambition ; for there is a poffi- 
 bility of human nature fuiking lo low, that even art 
 becomes ncccfl'ary in order to raile it up to its original 
 flatc of grandeur. Thefe peopl.- arc, like many others 
 in northern nation?, much addicted to drinking fpi- 
 rituous liquors, which generally produces quarreir, 
 and frcnu;.ntly ends in not, debauchery, or perhaps 
 murder. 
 
 In the article of marriage, they buy their wives, 
 and pay for them according to the fliarc of beauty 
 hey pofl'efs ; and ns the parents receive thepurchale- 
 money; fo the bell eflale a man can have in this 
 country is at leaff half a dozen liandlome daughters. 
 The perfons to be married are forbid to f|ieak to ci'.ch 
 other from the time the coiitric't is figiied, till the 
 day of eipoiifal, when they Ijiiid thice d.iys in all 
 manner of b:iiuiueting ami fcaltiiig. i'lie ivenlng 
 before the wedi'ing, a conipanv of ynuiig gills meet 
 at the biide'> houfe, ami t!i\ ci t thiinlcKcs till mid- 
 night, in playing, dancing, and finding. Next 
 morning the guefts meet at the bride's boulc, in 
 order to prepire her for the ceremcny. Thi.b.uig 
 done, they |;ive notice to the bridij' mini, wriu .ir- 
 rives fjion atterwaids, accomp inird liv feveral of his 
 friend^ .'iij relations, an. I lolluwed by iLvcial pcrlons. 
 
TRAVELS THROUGH l' A R T A R Y, &c. 
 
 tit 
 
 playing on fltitcsi and fiicli other inftrumcnts of mu- 
 (ic as are ulcd In the country. 
 
 When the bridegroom arrives, he entertains the 
 company with a hurfe-race, and diftribliies prize* 
 according to the merits of the riders, of which he 
 himfelf is the fole judge. Thcfc prizes confill chiefly 
 of (kins of black foxes, or pieces of fine filic, and 
 they are held in much cftcem by thofs who receive 
 
 them. , ., ■ 
 
 The young couple do not fee ench other while the 
 ceremony is performing, butanfv^er at a diltanc" to 
 thequettions propofed by the prieft. When thj ce- 
 remony Is over, the bridegroom returns home, am 
 entertains the company according to the nati. e o 
 his circumftanccs. After dinner, he goes to the brii.. s 
 houfe, accompanied by his relations and friends, and 
 defires to be admitted to fpcaii with her. This favour 
 however is not granted him ; fo that he is obliged to 
 withdraw ; but he returns again the fame evening, 
 when he finds the bride in bed, furrounded by her 
 women, and he is permitted to lay himfelf down in 
 in his cloaths befide her, but that is in prefcncc of the 
 women ; fo that in a few minutes he is obliged to 
 withdraw. 
 
 The fame farce is repeated three davs fucceffivcly, 
 nor do the new-miirricd couple go to bed till thelourth 
 night ; and on the fifth day the hufband carries his 
 wife home in triumph. If the parties are young 
 when the marriage Is concluded. It frequently hap- 
 pens that they do not convcrfc together, nor con- 
 fummatc the marriage, in lefs than two or three years 
 after the ceremony. In fuch cafes the money given 
 for the vvii'o becomes the property of her parents. If 
 fhe dies; but as a principle of generofity takes 
 place more or lefs in all countries, fa nothing is more 
 common '.han for the bride's parents to return part of 
 the money.to the hulb.nul.- 
 
 All the women in this country arc confidercd as 
 impure fur forty days after their delivery, and Jarc 
 not fo much as fay their prayers during the whole ot 
 that time. The child is named the third day after 
 its birth, by the father, or fome one of the ncarell 
 relations; who, at the fame time, prefents the in 
 fant with a bonnet, or a piece of lilk, which he is 
 to keep fo long as he lives. 
 
 At feven years of age they are circumcifed, on 
 which occafion the father maices a fcalV, to which he 
 invites mod of his friends. I'rom this circumftancc 
 we may learn, that circumcifion is a very antient cuf- 
 tom in the eallcrn nations; but that is not fufficicnt to 
 prove that the people la ihofe countries learnt it from 
 the Jews. 
 
 By the common law of this country, polygamy Is 
 forbidden ; and yet it frequently happens, that a man 
 has ten or twelve wives. Divorces are frequent 
 among them ; and when a man fends his wife home 
 to her relations, it is cullomary to return all thofe 
 things which fhe confidered as her property while 
 (he lived with him. This, however, is a niaiijr of 
 favour, for ftie has no right to demand them ; but in 
 order to prcli;rve the peace of f.imilies, the hufband ge- 
 nerally complies ; and thefe feparations are fo little 
 regarcled, that fcarce any notice is taken of them ; and 
 the woman who Is divorced from one hu(band, can 
 foon.be married to another of equal rank. 
 
 When one of the natives falls fick, he fends for a 
 prieft, whom they call a MuUach, and he reads to 
 him feveral prayers, after which he breathes upon 
 him, and with a knife makes feveral flouriftics round 
 the patient's face, as If he intended to cut him. 
 By this operation they Imagine they cut out the root 
 of the dil'cafc, which they fuppofe to be caufed by th 
 agency of the devil. But when the patient dies, the 
 prieft layj the Alcoran upon his bread, and recites 
 feveral' prayers. After this, the corpfe is carried to 
 the grave, which is generally in fome foil tary grove 
 in a wood, and they indole it with wooden pali 
 fadoes. 
 
 They have no money coined, but thpy take it by 
 weight, which was the cuftom in all antient nations ; 
 Vol.. II. No. 53. 
 
 for »c read, that when Abraham bought the cave of 
 Machpelah, he paid for it a certain fum accordinj; 
 to the current price given by merchants ; which muft 
 mean, that he gave a certain fum of gold or lilvcr, not 
 as coined, but by weight, 
 
 Mahomctanifm is the cftabliflicd religion ; but they 
 grant a toleration to pagans, and indeed to all thole 
 of what denomination foevcr they may happen to be. 
 But whether the anceftors of thefe people ever learno«i 
 any thing concerning Jefus Chrift, this it certain, 
 that they liavc heard of him, though in a very con- 
 fufed manner ; as will appear from the following tra- 
 dition, which they look upon as facrcd. 
 
 They fay. That the Virgin Mary being a poor 
 orphan, and her relations having fome dilputes con- 
 cerning her education, re|i>lved to decide ihtm by lot. 
 Accordingly they threw a feather into a vellll full of wa- 
 ter, and he to whole finger it ftuckwas to bring up the 
 child, it fill to the lot of Zacharias ; for no fooner had 
 he put his finger into the water, than the feather came 
 fi'om the bottom, and fixed upon it. This miracle 
 induced him to carry her home to his houfe, where he 
 brought her up in the moll tender manner, as prac- 
 tifed by the Jews alter their return from their cap- 
 tivity. 
 
 It happened one time, that the bunnefs of the tem- 
 ple kept him three days from home, and during that 
 time he recollci^ed that he had locked the youimgirl 
 up, fo that no pcrfon could come near her. Upon 
 this he ran home as faft as he could, but indead of 
 finding her de;id as he feared, flie was liirroundtd with 
 all forts of eatables, which (lie f.iid God h.ul fent her 
 from heaven, AVhen (he was about fourtci 11 years ot 
 age, (ho went to bathe in a fountain, according to 
 the culloiii of the country ; but while flic ron- 
 tinued there, flie heard a voice wh chexccediivily ftruck 
 her with fear, I'o that fhc i .Ikncd to put on her 
 cloaths, in order to return. liut prcfeiitly an angel 
 appeared, and told her, that ihc (liould conceive and 
 have a Ion, whom they were to call Ifiy, which is 
 the fame we call Jefus, and anfwcrs in all relpeds to 
 the Hebrew word Joel, 
 
 Mary replied, that (he was afraid of the pains of 
 child-bearing ; but the angel breathed on her breaft, 
 and b.ide her fear nothing, as the divine power would 
 fuppiirt her. In fliort, (he conceived from that 
 moment; and the time of her delivery approaching, 
 ftie went and hid herfelf in the defart. There fall- 
 ing in labour, (he fupported herfelf againft the trunk 
 of a decayed tree, and in that condition was delivered. 
 At that iiiilant the rotten trunk of the tree began to 
 fpread forth leaves, and the country all around breathed 
 the fweetuefs of fprlng. The angels came to com- 
 fort the virgin ; and flie being perfeflly recovered, re- 
 turned home to her relations, who rcfufed to receive 
 her. All this indignity flie bore with patience, and 
 finding flic had no rcalbn nor any hope to expe£t 
 favour from her relations, ftie returned home, and 
 fpcnt her time in bringing up her fon, according to 
 the rites of the Jewifti religion ; for flie knew of no 
 
 other. 
 
 Young Ifay in time becameagreat prophet, and adoc • 
 tor of high authority, but was generally hated and 
 perfecuted by every one, cfpecially by the great men 
 of his time. They often laid In wait to murder him, 
 though without fuccefs ; for God took him in an in- 
 ftant up to heaven. As two aflaflins had been em- 
 ployed to murder Ifay, fo God, to punifh them, tranf- 
 formed them into the fliapc of their celebrated pro- 
 phet ; and they having deceived the people by tell- 
 ing them many falflioods, they rofe, and ftoned them 
 to death. 
 
 Dark and confufed as this traditional ftory may 
 appear, yet we cannot imagine that it was invented 
 by thefe people, but rather that there might have been 
 a traditional account of Chrilt handed down among 
 them, from the age of the apoftles. This will ap- 
 pear the more evident, when we confider that thefe 
 people, while they deny that Chrift, whom they call 
 7 U I Ay, 
 
62* 
 
 TRAVELS THROUGH T A R T A R Y, «.c. 
 
 Ifay, fufficved di'ath i yet llicy believe in a refurrcdion, 
 and a future flute of rewards und punifliiiicnts. 
 
 Butuilh relpci^ to punifhnieiits id anotlirr life, 
 they do not brliiye ihtm to be ettrnni, but only for a 
 certain time-, affirming, tliat as devils lirft led man 
 into fin, fo the weight of tlie puniihmcnt will fall 
 upon them. They have likewife anolhcr notion, 
 which feems to be peculiar to themfvlvcs, namely, 
 that at the general rcfurrtfiion muny creatures, both 
 angels and men, will be annihilated i but the latter will 
 be purified, and taken up into the heavenly manfians. 
 
 i'hey believe that there are eight paradifes for the 
 cletfl; and feven hells for the wicked, where flnners 
 are to be puniflied by fire ; and that the finners who 
 will fuffer the fevereit punifhment, arc liars, cheats, 
 and back-biters. That one out of an hundred will 
 be chol'cn from among the wicked, on whom the fire 
 will have no power, and this fmall company will be 
 taken into a particular paradile, whrrc they will 
 enjoy all forts of felicities, till God creates for them 
 a new world, inftead of the prvfcnt which we now 
 inhabit. According to thcni, it is u fin to fay, God 
 is in heaven; for they are taught tobti.cve, that he 
 is cvery-where prcfent, not being confined to any 
 place whatever. 
 
 The government of this country has never been 
 properly regulated } nor can wc ("lul that they ever 
 had a conftant fucceflion of princes. At ptufciit their 
 government forms fomething relemliling what we call 
 an ariftocracy, by which is meant that the jiowcr is 
 lodged ill the hands of individuals. They have a vaft 
 number of niagi(lr.itcs from the higlieft decree to the 
 lowcf^, and they all compole as it were links of the 
 fame chain. The lower ordir of the ma^iftratts 
 decide in all matters of controverl'y between the 
 people in the firit inllancej but from their judgments 
 appeals lie to the higher tribunals. This prefevves 
 a fort of harmony among them ; for when people, let 
 them be ever fo rude, ai'c accuflomed to an uniform 
 fyflem of laws, they look upon them as containing 
 fomething of a facred nature, and fubniit to them 
 without relue'lance. But yet thir, form of government 
 does not anfvver all the ends ncccfTary to be attended 
 to in conducing the affairs of civil focicty. 
 
 The whole body of the people may be faid to 
 conflft of tvko clafTes, namely, merchants and rob- 
 bers. 1 ne merchants are regulated by their own 
 cuftomsi and, as for the robbei«, they are under 
 no other form of government, except the orders 
 of their chiefs. The former trade with the Indians, 
 Chinele, and PerlJans, and live in a very peace- 
 able manner i but the latter run all hazards to live 
 by plunder, while at the fame time they might be 
 more happy, were they to remain at home and 
 cultivate their lands. By this they would enjoy the 
 contents of peace, and live in comfort with their 
 families ; but their roving difpofitions arc fuch, that 
 nothing can bring them to a (isnfc of honour, honelly, 
 or duty ; for, like wild hearts of prey, they think it 
 no crime to rob and plunder their neighbours. 
 
 Near adjoining to Little Bukharia, is the country 
 called Turkeflan, or Country of the Jurks, which is 
 at prefent inhabited by Tartars, who are of the Maho- 
 metan religion. They are fometimes called Uzbecks, 
 but their antient name was Turkumans j fo called, 
 according to their traditions, from Turk, whom they 
 make to be the eldefl fon of Japhet. All thofc peo- 
 ple now called Turks, are defcended from them 1 but 
 at prefent they have no coi.ncClion with each other. 
 
 In the Hillory of the Decline of the Roman 
 Empire, we read, that about the middle of the fixth 
 century they were u vrry inconfiderable body of 
 people, who'duclt on the north-weft of Bukharia ; 
 and their chief employment was working in iron 
 mines, with which they carried on a confiderable 
 trade, and made all forts of warlike inftruments. Wc 
 are told further, that before the end of the fiieth 
 century tliefe people became fo powerful, that they 
 fcnt ambalTadors to the tinpcror Juftin, atConftanti- 
 nople, defiring toentcr into a trcr.ty with him j and they 
 I 
 
 brought along uitli tlinii large quantilii.«, whieli ihiy 
 fold to confiderable advamiige. At that time they li.ul 
 a chief, whom they called their kagun, or khan, ami 
 his nnnic was Diliibules. This prince, finding his 
 country too nanow to contain the number of wilia- 
 hitants, led out a great army, and encar.iped them 
 near Kk-t.ik, or the Golden Mountain. It llicd on 
 the nmft cailrrn part of his dominions, and had its 
 name from the abundance of fruits and cattle that 
 were there ; and not from gold mines, as Ionic have 
 thought. Difabuks dying in 580, was lucccedcd by 
 his foil Toxander, who marched an army againft a 
 fierce people, called the Orgoritcs, whom he fubducd ; 
 and in (lOO, having 'added their dominions to his 
 own, he lent an amhallador to the Emperor Mau- 
 ritius at Coiiflantinople. And probably it was dur- 
 ing thcfeembalfies, that the inhabitants of Turkeflan 
 firft formed the dcfign of extending their conquelis to 
 the fouth. 
 
 As thefe Turkumans had almoft continual wars 
 among themfelves, as well as with the Chinele and 
 nations of Great Tartary ; fo it is natural to fup- 
 pol'e, that in time their territories, th(>ugh enlarged, 
 were divided among many khans or chiefs ; and 
 many of the nations fubdued by them threw off the 
 yoke at the beginning of the tenth century. In the 
 year 1216, Zengliiz-khan feizcd on the greateft part 
 of the country ; and thus an end was put to their 
 government in that part of the world, except that it 
 retains the name of Turkeflan, and is the country 
 we are now treating of. 
 
 There are feveral fine rivers in this country, par- 
 ticularly the- Doria, famous for its gold fand. Peter 
 the- Great procured fomc of that fand, and cm- 
 ployed artifts to try it, and found it exceeding good. 
 The inhabitants carry it to Aflracan, where they 
 exchange it for furs, and thefe they either wear them- 
 felves, or fell them to the inhabitants of the Mogul 
 Empire. 
 
 1 hey have another river, called the Yem or Ycmin, 
 which rifes in the great mountains of Tartary, and 
 running about three hundred miles along the bor- 
 ders of Ruffia, falls into the north cart corner of the 
 Cafpianfea. This river, which abounds with mofl 
 excellent fiOi, is excefltvely rapid, but Ihallow. I'he 
 waters of it are delightful, and its banks as fertile as 
 can be imagined ; but the inhabitants pay fo little 
 regard to the cultivation of the earth, that thefe 
 beautiful fpots of ground are in a manner totally 
 negleiSled. There is neither town nor village on the 
 banks of this river ; for the water is fo fliallow, that 
 the Ruffians cannot fail up it ; and as for the Tartars, 
 they live moftly in huts. 
 
 'I'urkellan is divided into two provinces, namely, 
 tie weftern, and eaflern. 'I'he firft, poflefl'ed by the 
 Mankats, extends from the town of Turkeflan to 
 the Cafpian feaj and the fccond, in the hands of 
 Kafatchia-orda, reaches from the fame town to the 
 mountains eaft of Andugan ; but all the towns in 
 both parts arc built upon the River Sir, or the 
 rivers that fall into it. 
 
 The weftern part has for its capital 'I'urkeflan, 
 which fcems to give name to the whole. It is fituated 
 on the banks of a fmall river, that falls into the 
 Sir, a little below the town j and though the houfes 
 are built of brick, yet it is but a very indifferent 
 place, having nothing to recommend it befides its 
 agreeable fituation. i'he inhabitants call themfelves 
 Mankats, but the Ruffians call them Kara-kalpaks, 
 from their wearing a cap or bonnet open before and 
 behind, with broad brims on each fide. They are 
 proteiUd rcbbers, having nothing to live on but 
 what they fteal from the Ruffians, and other people 
 around them. I'hey often pafs the mouittaMS in nu- 
 merous tribes ; and making inroads into ftberia, 
 carry away with them vaft quantities of plunder. 
 During the winter iluy are all at home, but no fooner 
 does the fummer return ; than they leave their habita- 
 tions, and encamp, like fwarms of locufls, in the 
 Ruffian and Pcrfian dominions. 
 
 The 
 
TRAVELS THROUGH TARTAR Y, ice. 
 
 623 
 
 1^ 
 
 I 
 
 The capital of the eaftcrn province is called 
 Tifhkant, and is fituatcd on the ealt tide of the riv>.T 
 Sir; it was a place of great antiquiiy, hut has been 
 often deftroyed in the wars among the Tartars, and 
 always rebuilt in times of peace. It is at prcfent the 
 rcfidence of a khan, who marches every fummer at 
 the head of an army to plunder. The inhabitants of 
 that part of Turltelhn refembic the Calmuc Tar- 
 tars, beint; of a middle fize, but exceeding well made. 
 Th'-ir faces are bro.id and flat j their complexions very 
 fwarthy ; th-ir eves black and fparkling, and flrongly 
 refemblm^ th- Calmucs, only tliat their beards arc 
 thick, and thcif nifes well fliaped ; they cut their 
 hair, which is cxtninely black and ftrong, within 
 four inclii:s of the fkin, and wear round felt bonnets 
 about a f|>aii high. 
 
 Their cUijthmg confills of a coarfe (hirt, a pair of 
 Ihecp Icin Hr. eches, and a quilted vert of calico ; but 
 in winter thi-y wear over thefe a Ihcep-fkin cloak, 
 whicii fervcs them inftead of a quilt; their boots are 
 made of horfes (kin-i ; and their weapons are the fabre, 
 the bow, ii' I tlie lance; for as yet theyknowbut little 
 of gunpowder. They are, like the Tartars in other 
 parts, very good horfemen ; and they hunt and 
 plunder on horfeback during the fummer, leaving 
 their wives at home to look after their c.ittle. 
 
 They poflefs very fine lands along the banks of the 
 river Yemba, which feparatcs Turkcftan from the 
 country of the Calmucs ; but all their thoughts being 
 fixt on rapine, they cultivate very little for they 
 feldom ufe any bread. They are continually at 
 war with their pagan neighbours, the Tartars. In 
 winter they pay a vifit on one fide to the Calmucs, 
 Tubjeft to the khan of Great Tartary, who about that 
 time ravage the frontiers of Great Bukharia, and 
 
 other parts to the fouth of their own country. At 
 other times they invade the province of Aftracan; but 
 in fummer they generally crofs the mountains, and 
 penetrate into Siberia. It is on this account that the 
 Rulfi.ins are obliged to keep guards in all the viU 
 lages along the banks of the Tabol, and other rivers, 
 to dil'appoint their fclicmcs. They are often killed in 
 thole incurli'iiij ; and even when they are fortunate 
 enough to efcape, all the plunder they can procure 
 is not equal to what their land would produce, were 
 they to cultivate it, which they might do in fafety. 
 And yet fuch are their wretched notions, and fo dcf- 
 titute are they of honefty, that they chufe rather 
 to expofe themfelves to many dangers, and undergo 
 numberlefs hardfhips, to fubfift by robbing, than 
 apply themfelves to a regular buflnei's, and live com- 
 fortably. They fell the (laves they take in thofe 
 incurfions to the Pcrfian, Indian, and Armenian 
 merchants, who repair thither folcly on the account 
 of that trade, which is the only one carried on with 
 any fccurity in thefe provinces. They feldom keep 
 any of thtfeflnves to themfelves, unlef- they happen to 
 pick up fume RiilTian girls in Siberia, whom they 
 make their concubines. 
 
 Their own women are large and well made, and 
 although their faces are broad, and their nofes flat, 
 yet they are far from being difagreeable. They wear 
 high pointed bonnets, which they fold on the right 
 fide, and they have large flippers j but in other rtlptcls 
 their drefs refembles that of the men. 
 
 Though they are all Mahometans by profeflion, 
 yet they are extremely Ignorant, having no books 
 among them, nor do they know any thing of the 
 Alcoran but what has been handed down to them by 
 tradition. 
 
 TRAVELS THROUGH TARTARY, TIBET, and BUKHARIA, 
 
 TO AND FROM CHINA. . 
 
 By Friar Carpini, and feveral other Perfons of the fame Order. 
 
 HAVING related to the reader every thing worth 
 •r.t i.e at prsfent in thefe cxtcnfivc countries, as 
 relate ' !<\' the Jefuits Duhiilde and Le Comptc ; we 
 fliall proceed to give an account of the ftatc thofe 
 people ..e.'C in many years ago; in doing which, we 
 have the afliftanceof fomc very curious materials. 
 
 The prodigious conquefts m.ide by the Monguls 
 and Tartars under Jenghiz Khan, towards the end of 
 the twelfth century, having made I'artary and its 
 inhabitants famous through the continent ; that vaft 
 region, which before was fcarcc known to the Euro- 
 peans, began to be vifited for the fake of trade or 
 curiofity. But what principally opened the way to 
 thefe undertakings, was the zeal, or rather folly and 
 prefuiiption of the popes, who took it into their 
 heads to fend fome friars, by way of envoys, to the 
 fucceflbrs of the above mentioned conqueror, to per- 
 fuad*- them to defift from their deflruflivc invafions, 
 and embrace the RnmiOl faith. 
 
 With this ridiculous view, joined to a defign of 
 prying into the fecrets of the Tartars, Pope Inno- 
 cent X. feut Carpini, a friar, with feveral others of his 
 brethren, to make what difcoveries they could ; and 
 thefe being men who feared no hardfhip', but rather 
 wii'.,pd to undergo many fatigues in order to propa- 
 TTte their opinions, undertook the journey, not 
 tloiibtiii;; ! lu tlifir labours would be attended with the 
 moll I'liu-firia! to;'.r°quences. 
 
 Carpini writes as follows : •' We fct forward on 
 
 our journey, and were kindly received by the King 
 of Bohemia, who fcnt meflengers along with us to 
 the Duke of Silefia ; and, by the munificence of the 
 latter, were conducted to Moftow, and kindly enter- 
 tained by the Grand Duke of Ruflia. There we 
 were Informed that we muft take prcfents along with 
 us ; and confequently, we provided ourfelves with a 
 confiderable quantity of rich furs, of which the Tar- 
 tars are extremely fond. We were obliged to hire 
 fledges to be drawn over the fnow, which at that 
 time was almoft .is folid as ice; and we arrived at 
 (Cenow, the firft town in the dominion of the Tar- 
 tars, on the 4.th day of February. Here we refted 
 one night, and the next morning fet out to anothei- 
 town ; where we were received bv the tirft guard of 
 Tartars, who behaved very rudely, and were inqui- 
 fitive to know who we were, and what was our bufi- 
 nefs. Having given them all the fatisfadion we 
 could, they ieemcd pleafed, and fent a party to con- 
 du£l us to Kortenfa, lord of the weftern marches, 
 who had under his command fixty thoufand men. 
 
 As foon as we arrived at his camp, we were con- 
 du£led to his tent, where we bowed three times, with 
 the left knee, before the door, taking care not to 
 touch the threlliold. Being entered, we repeated the 
 fubflance of our commiflion, and prefented the pope'* 
 letters kneeling.' 
 
 From hence we we»e conduced to a grand chief, 
 called Duke Bathi, <vho received us with great ftate 
 
 and 
 
 i V 
 
^ ^ 
 
 If?' 
 
 6»4 
 
 T R A V E 
 
 L8 THROUGH 
 
 A R T A R V, &c: 
 
 ^ . I on ft \oftV tlifone > be 
 .na dignity. He-asfc;u=a °^^ ,. ^ 
 
 lore him, b«t a ''"''. u?TotluTS, ions, anJ other 
 -,'' ■'" '»>' l^f wrtlTa^cdt the f.>mc n,..."- - 
 relations. »^<= "V. _ „ .1.= 
 
 relations. We were uea ctl ^j. ^,^^ ^^^w . 
 
 ambaffadorsgencrMly "= '"f^';^ ,„, the court of 
 and on Eafter buiiday ^^t <« ou ^ ^^_^ Monculs. 
 
 I where I 
 
 rd on Ealfer Sunday wcj^"0-"^ 
 
 Kuyne Khan, f/iirny created j and1)oth 
 H,/e we were but '"XS. ih»t we were almol 
 "aualsand water «"= •" '"/^''thc loweft degree ot 
 
 weaknefs i but we f°""^ °""^hich wc did on Alccn- 
 Tf continuing our journey, wm ^^. gif^.^,.,,, 
 
 Ln day, and entered on ihe pro ^^^^^ ^„j 
 
 Where we found, vaft ""-^m the norther., parts 
 Mftlesi »*>«='°^'"6LXdftroyedthem. Here we 
 havinginamanne. total.y J^i^, ^f a prodigious 
 
 vet feen his rnajefty • ..-veiled over many di«ad- 
 
 y Leaving this place, we ^ravent ^^^ ^^^ ,^j 
 
 SU:eS;SrXane.o.elcainganew 
 '°Sd;ysa.-ur.nva;a,.hispU._vve^rc 
 
 invited to »;P='^V°"nV nd hewholc u.is IWiciindcd 
 twothoulandperfons, anutn ^ ^,^,.,^, ..f 
 
 E-^"'' ^-t .r'X^rire'Sd^iltcd". andl^re 
 through which all ^i!;\°",ndees having cnteixd the 
 wasalhongguard Theg_^^^^_^. ^^^ elcd-on t Jl 
 
 tent, began '°.'°"uev got to drinking i"-'^^' ^tl 
 
 StrjXg^^S^;^.^S:^S^^ 
 s^%:rtrstK ^-^r^-^ ^-"-"^ '^'^''' 
 
 -THeeleaiontoojcup^-^r^^S^fa:^^ 
 the end of which the new emp ^^^^^^^ ^^ ^ ,,,,,, 
 ; plain between mountans nc^ir t ^.^^ ^.^ _. ,|,,„ 
 
 ^^¥SrX;Uconip.nyturned^rfac«tow.ds^^^ 
 
 fouth, and repeated levcral prayer .J ^^.f„^, ^Ue new 
 
 xeturne'l^"**^''' the «" ' ^"^ f''^^^' ^^""'f 
 Ileaed en-.peror ! excufing "S vvM ^_^^^,i^.„t „.,th 
 
 ie had intimated to them hat it^va .^^^^^^ 
 
 The principles "f °y'5=''S'°";f a n iddlc ftatuve, and 
 ob'a little t---ej f '- ^„t„,hat fcemcd to mai^k 
 
 never once laughed >» °";;"^"J„«rwith any foreign 
 
 -,ho was cither a Jew o ^^^„ and 
 
 Sns never fpoVe to h'" ''."VTPowcr of God, and 
 In his titles he^nS d Jnhisfeal wascnRraven, 
 
 the Emperor of "^»";'' , Ju^nc Khan on Lai th, the 
 \. GodinHeaven, and Kuyn ^^^^ ^^^^^^^^ „f ,n 
 
 power of Oocl ■■, 
 
 ^^iSicrtainment being o^-^::,';::^^ 
 
 an audience •. but l«=f°« "'^ij^'farched, Icil we ftiould 
 
 2 
 
 ,hatwepr!..ntedour.n».arul^H.lKrthm^ 
 
 had biought ; f-'.,^'^'^°be:.np'nitted to fpeaK to an 
 there IS no poflibil y ot M ^ there was a valt 
 
 caikcrn prince. -I^f,'';"^ '/he d pendent Tartarian 
 number of ambaffadors f om ttu. p ^^^^ p f., 
 
 princes, fomc from R.^[',V...r?n. hill, near the place 
 
 rfoniefrom RuiVu. »"^ " ," n r hn>lnce 
 
 i;nd China. «" » "f'^r; t lie ' we faw no Icf. 
 
 '»"= '^ri\ iUm "'h'prdcn'.s ; fuch a, fur.. 
 
 eror's tent was pitu.eu, v.. 
 «i-SOO waggons loadcd..a.^KUn,s.£_ 
 
 fine cloaths, lilks, and many ^^^^^^^ ,i, h 
 
 ..Styles »-ct,;:.r"'.iSi| 
 
 ready mentioned, ""'7 J^? i^-^/g to themlelves than 
 particular in fome tb'ngs .cm g ^^^^^ ^^^^^ f^,^,,, 
 cither Duhalde or Le L,ompre i,uropei fo m- 
 
 o them incompany when^h 1. t^^J ..^tinucd t,. 
 (lead of the number d.crcaU, y^^^ „ncs beins 
 r:SeS,Tart^:rdathenrreWes into fever. 
 
 ^"S.dinglrthej,we.joincd^by^ 
 
 ihisAfelin, and his three con p ^^ ^^^ country i 
 the mifRon into a ."f^iX^f Ucwhcre near the 
 agreeing to meet ^^^'^ .^.'^ ^.rdaring as this Icheme 
 horJers of China. »" " j":\he iefuits from putiing 
 wa.. yet not'^-Sl'lS w h b.i three companions, 
 it in execution. ■'^ ciin, borders ot 1 ^rlia , 
 
 ravelled fiifi towards the norther, „, the 
 
 Nov, a Tartarian pi incc.enc I i,cen a man 
 
 Tbllarmy. This prince appeals o ^^^^ 
 
 of fpirit- f"^"" t"Xcamp. han he ordered one 
 men were arrived in the camp, ._^ j„ ,„ter- 
 
 :;^his attendant, ^o ^We t'^^nce they came, what 
 preter, and demand f^^^^t bufnufs they tiad wuli 
 Ivas their profefTion, and wn ,^^^^ ^^ an,, 
 
 his fubjefls ? Afel.n anlwere , ^^^^^ ^^ j,g. 
 
 haffador from the Pope, ''7hT,?,Urcd as their father. 
 nI;amongChriftians, andhoio^ , 
 
 '» We told them f"","^" i n>i„hty Ciod, and that 
 popewasthenextperlonto A n>.g j^^^^^^ ^^ 
 
 Se had fent us, his ch^dren^ ^.erlartins happmefs. 
 andhisfubjeds '"J^yj brought along wih h.m 
 The meflenger, who hau or s^ ^^ our fpcaking >« 
 
 ftveral others, >*''» ""J^ "^e f'""! ^^"^ "V'^ *'f 
 fuch a lofty manner of he pop .^^^ ^,, .he on of 
 
 did not Wnow 'h* ''''*".* Nov was his prince r ^Ve 
 (;od- and that Bayoth I^°yj,kni„v the names or 
 
 t'n^v red. That the pope^^-^^^ ^,""^'0 would not have 
 titles of their. pr.nces>^'^;7;'fent. But that the 
 omitted them m the le"" ,.^ „,any murders 
 
 holy father, 'be pope. h^'' '^^;„ ^new not the light 
 committed by the ^^1"";, T,, cnmpaffion fent us to 
 of the gofpel, t*'='\'^',^ Uotized, that they might 
 beg tha't they «°^M be^^»>Xfift Ivom committing 
 XSlrrUUberies for the ;uture._^^^ ^^ ^^^ 
 
 ■^Thefe mefTcngers "'"'/"^by attempting to make 
 always in different diefTes, thereby v^^ f^„, . 
 
 i believe 'hat tl«y vv r "Ot^,;, ..^y could "ot 
 but we knew the.r voices, ^^bat pre- 
 
 deceive us. They ««'% «"^;°"^;;„, and to his Ion, 
 fcntsthe pope bad fent to f.e icn . ^y^,j^,j them, 
 ;" princeVhocommanded thm n^y ^^^j,,, .ho 
 th-it the pope never fent pr?''^ " i„fidels, who 
 
 , e hT^own children; "luch Ids ^. ^^^^^^ 
 
 ^uV; rather - fcn jrefents o_^^h^ ^ ^ , .bey 
 
11 
 
 T R A V K I, S THROUGH T A R T A R Y, ikr. 
 
 t.S 
 
 We 
 
 We were cnni 111.1 lulci! to liiiril down before the 
 prince U.ivoili Nov \ Hut tli.it we alilohit ly ri'fiid'il 
 to do, lc(( thi V (limiKI liavc iiiML^iin'il tli.it we con- 
 fidcreil tlie |)(i|ir lis interior to ilic riiri.ir< ; how.vcr, 
 we told them, tli.it wc woiiM (hiw thrir prince- ii< 
 niiicli reCpeit as wc toiild, confillciitly willi the 
 piinciplis ol' our holy n li;;iiiii ; 01. ly that ivc coiiM 
 neither kniil down lictoie liim, nor acknowleil;e that 
 file khan, his I'ltlier, was the (on ol (joil. At this 
 they were I'o niu<.h enraged, that they i.illcd the pope 
 a dog, and wc liis puppies. Wc would have replied to 
 tliefe opproliii.ius cx|Miirions j hut were (invenied hy 
 the nulVengers, who nude fui h a noill', th.it il was im • 
 podilile tor u. to be heard. And, perhaps, it was well 
 lor us that we did not (peak ; for the prime B.iyoth 
 Noy was fo much incenl'ed againd us, that he ordered 
 us all inftantly to be put to tieaih. Sonic of his 
 counfellors advifed him to fparc two of us; and 
 fonie others adviled, th.it I, beinj; the thief, fliould be 
 flay'd alive, and my (kin (fuflcd with (Ir.iw to be 
 fcnt to the pope) fome were for whipiiini; us to death, 
 and others were for (itiiiig us in the front of the 
 army during the next battle, that wc might be (hot 
 dead by the enemy. 
 
 At that inftani Providence interpofed in our favour, 
 and in a manner we little expeiited. THl- prince had 
 fix wives, and Ihc, who was the chief, had the good 
 fenfe and humanity to rcprefent to her hulband, tha' he 
 would bring lading difhonour upon hiint'elf, if ho 
 pevfi(ted in his defign of putting us to death ; (he told 
 him, that the pcrlons of ambalTadors ftiould be con- 
 fldercd as facrcd, and if he did us any injury, he 
 would (et up a precedent for other princes to murder 
 his own. The princefs was fupportcd in her argument 
 by fomc of the favourite courtiers, \\ho reprcfented to 
 hiin wlrit offence it would give to the khan his father. 
 [It fitiiis, this Bayoth Noy hail once feized an am- 
 ballador, and with his own hands tore nut his heart ; 
 after which, he caufed the body to be dragged at a 
 horfe'stail through the camp. J They added further,that 
 if he pcrfifted in his defign, they would retire frum the 
 army, rather than murder men for declaring their 
 own fentiments ; and they threatened to lay the whole 
 before the khan his father. 
 
 A word fpokeii in feafon "s good, and fo it hap- 
 pened to us; for no fooncr had the courtiers done 
 fpcakiiig, than the prince revoked the fcntence, and 
 ordered us to withdraw. In about two hours after- 
 wards fcvcral mefl'engers waited on us, and a(ked us 
 wh.it fort of reverence we paid to our own princes: 
 which we ftiewed them by pulling od' our hood', 
 and bowinjT our heads. Then one of them faid, fince 
 you chriftians make no fcruple to adore (locks and 
 ftoiies, why do you refufe to do the fame honour to 
 Bayoth Nov, whom the khan has ordered to be 
 adored equally with himfclf? Weanfwcrcd, that wedid 
 not adore (locks and (lones, but only the fign of the 
 crofs in honour of Chrid Jefus, who was crucified; 
 fome time after this, Bayoth Noy fent again for us, 
 and told us, that he intended we diould carry our 
 letters to the khan his father; but this we refufed 
 to do, as we had no orders for that piirpofe. Our let- 
 ters were then tranflated into the language of the Tar- 
 tars, which is nearer akin to the Perfian, and deli vered 
 in'.o the prince's own hands, who dill detained us, 
 without afligning any rcafon for fo doing. 
 
 This was in the fummcr ; and though wc made 
 fevcral applications to be difmided, yet all was in 
 vain ; not (atislied with atnuCmg us by frivolous 
 pretences from time to time, they even went fo far as 
 to add infult to feemiiig indid'erence, and told us 
 fneeringly, that as we had come to their camp, fo wc 
 mud day till it broke up. H^rc we frequently waited 
 whole days, from morning till evening, in the violent 
 heat of the fun, and returned to our tent almod 
 pcrKhing with hunger, without receiving any anfwer, 
 but were jeered, fcofFcd, and laui^hcd at." 
 
 Ac the end of three months, Bayoth Noy fent for 
 us, and told us, that he h;id ordcrf I Utieis to be 
 written to the pope ; but he could not deliver them to 
 
 Vol. n. No. 53. 
 
 us till a lord came from the court of the kli.m, hi* 
 fath T, wh'iTi he expelled every Jay ; tins lord how- 
 ever did not arrive nil the l-egiiniinu of wiiitei, when 
 we ref<.lved to make iiiteril! with one 01 the pnnc. 's 
 favourites to attain our didniiriun, and (or that pu ,.o('e 
 olFered htr I'ome prefenii. I'hi' had the iielir J 
 id'cil J and had we known th- tm., rs and liii'- 
 pofitions of ihefe petiple fooiier, w: (hi iild net have 
 been detained fu loiij; ; but no (ort of kiio.\lcdge \% 
 equal to that gained by expriience. 
 
 At lal) we were difinid'ed j but indrad of going 
 towards China, to niict oiir bretlinn, we were 01- 
 dered to travi;! tow.ircis Acta 111 .Syria, where we 
 arrived in about fixty days ; but it \» as a loni; while 
 al'terwards before we lanJud in Italy, to deliver to 
 the pope the letters written by the khan to his (on, 
 and the fon's to our h.ily f.ither. In tliefe ictiers 
 Bayoth Noy iiulmated, it was Ciod'j w\\\ the Tartars 
 (hould fubilue the world, and theretore thote who 
 would not ruhiiiit inult be dtftroyed, for oppolirg the 
 divine command. He therefore . dvifid tie pope to 
 come in pcrfon, and (ubniit, othcrwifc (jod only 
 knew what would be the conliquenre ; tu' iie added, 
 that the pope' mud lird tend hini fume ambadadori, tu 
 acquaint him whetlier he will come or nor. 
 
 'I"he reader will naturally p' r.-^;ivc in what man- 
 ner thefe letters were confiJereH by the c'>u;t of 
 Rome; a court cftablidied upon futh pniitiples as 
 are inconfideiit with the rights of mankind, ir iiunian 
 beings, or of chriftians, who acknowlei.';e no other 
 (oveieignbut Jtfus. it was little bettir than ni.idiiels for 
 the popes to fend iniffionaries into heathen nations, with 
 a crucilix in one hand, and a Latin breviary in the 
 other ; and equally ridiculous to perl'uade men to ac- 
 knowledge thcmfclvcs idolaters, v\ hi !e they, the Jefuits, 
 aftua'ly uorfhipped crucifixis. Nay, we may add far- 
 ther, t1.1t the Roman Catholicks will never be able to 
 convert ieathens to popery upon chridian prin- 
 ciples; fot the changing of one ridiculous ceremony 
 for another is equally abfurd,andcan only be compared 
 to the condudl of the Romans, when they attempted 
 to force the Iberians in Spain to worlhip (iich gods 
 as had been deified in the capitol. But this leads 
 us on to another part of the narrative, which wc 
 (hall extradl from the journal of Rubiuquls, who 
 travelled into Tartary foon after the miirionaries juft 
 now mentioned. This Rubruquis was a Franciican 
 friar ; and being fired with zeal to propagate his 
 favourite tenets, he fet fail from Italy, and landed at 
 Condantinople, where he was kindly received by fome 
 of the Greek chriftians, who approved of his (cheme 
 of going into Tartary, although none of them would 
 cnnfentto accompany him. Leaving Condantinople, 
 he took diipping on the Euxine or Black Sea ; and 
 having eroded it along with I'ome other friars in his 
 train, they all landed in the province of Kerfona, 
 \\h':te they were obliged to crofs a vaft dtfart. 
 
 On the firft of June (fays this friai) we arrived at 
 Sadaia, where we refreihed ourfelvcs till the twenty- 
 fird of the fame month, in order to concert proper 
 meafures for profecuting the remainder of our 
 journey ; there we procured four covered waggons for 
 our baggage, and two more for our bedding, all 
 drawn by oxen, who areextremely ufeful in that part 
 of the world ; becaufe they are patient in enduring any 
 fort of fatigue. We had likcwife five horfes to carry 
 prefents ; and had a young lad named Nicholas, 
 whom wc bought at Condantinople. 
 
 Having pafl'ed a long ridge of mountains, we en- 
 tered a plain inhabited by the Tartars, five days 
 journey in length, which brought us to the end of 
 the province which there terminates in a narrow neclc 
 of land, like a great wall between two feas. This 
 plain had been originally inhabited by a body of 
 people called Komans, whom the Tartars drove out 
 from thence ; thcfe Komans fled towards the Tea coad, 
 where they were reduced to fo much diftrel^, that 
 they ate one another like canibals, and now no- 
 thing remains of them but their name. At the end 
 of this country we law great lakes, of the waters of 
 7 X which 
 
 1 
 
626 
 
 T W A V V. I, S T H R (• U (J If T A R 1" A R Y, ^c. 
 
 ' ti 
 
 wliir.h ihc Inluibitnnts make Ult, iiiul ihis ihry Ml i<> 
 the Turks at a runfult i;il)K; puilu. 
 
 I.eavin;^ this (il;iiii, wc met, for the i5lfl tin-.i-, a 
 liirgc hoily of 'raruir>, vviiK wen- viiy iiinuiruui., .uhl 
 li.ciiie.1 iinportunutc to kiunv wh.it i;ill>'\\. iiilciiilLd 
 togivt^ thi-ni, but they ilid uol otRr m tike aiiv thnij; 
 by t'orce. Nuxtilay wc came to the eouit o! Skak.i- 
 tav, bi other of U.i.itu, a Tartarian priiu:., to whom 
 we haJ letters ol lecomiiKiulatioii tVniii Coiiflauti- 
 iiople. The whole of this prince's court eoni'ilV.! ol 
 huts, waiijjoMs^ aiiil a va(t number of cattle, but 
 he hail not above five hunilred men in his retinue. 
 We found him liilin!^ in his bid uilh a L;uitt. r in hi- 
 hand, and one of his wives bJide him. His noil- 
 was lo (hurt, that we thought it h.ul been cut off, 
 but ill the end we found that ni'id of his fuhjrcis u- 
 frinbled him ; which induced us to com lude that t!ity 
 force down the nofes of infants while lluy are youii^;. 
 lie accepted a prelcut fronins of a tiw hifeiihis, loiiie 
 diicd fiuir, and a bottle of brandy, which he diltri- 
 huU'il ainonir his utteiulants ; and wlii'n he luaid U'. 
 e\olaiii to him the Clirillian faith, he llmuk his head, 
 without faying r.ny thin-;. 
 
 Wc continued « ith him fevcral day, and in the 
 nicui time a large body of pe 'ple ariived, who arc 
 called by the 'l"artais, Alais ; but on conviifiny with 
 them, wc found tliem to be Cireeks. We had nut 
 much converfation with thcfe p^-ople, for they left the 
 place in a few days ; and we ciuiiinuid our journey 
 to the end of the country called (r:i/aiia, where we 
 l*)und the place of rcfidcnce lor thole officers who 
 were appointed to receive the dulv on lalt. 1 heli 
 men treated us with j;reat civility ; lor after inform- 
 ing us that wc fliould meet no p.riple for fifteen days, 
 they !;avc us two oxen, wilh a great number of blad- 
 ders hlled with mares' milk. Travelling cattwanl, 
 we arrived at the cud of twenty days at another Tar- 
 tarian camp, where there was abunda.icc of cattle, 
 and fuch other proviluMis a<i the country could alford. 
 Here we attempted to explain to thole pe-oplc the prin- 
 ciples of the CluilHaii religion ; but our interpreter, 
 who was a heatl'.en^ deceived us j for whenever wc 
 told him what to f.iy, he repeated fomething altogether 
 Jifferent. 
 
 Finding we coiild do no good in this place, we con- 
 tinued on our journey as fir as the river Tannij, 
 which feparatcs Afia fr<mi Ruflia, and we found it as 
 broad as the Seine at Paris. On the caft fide was a 
 cottage, where, by order of Baatu and Sartak, feveral 
 men attended to ferrv over ambaflaJors and merchants. 
 Thcfi men crofl'ed fiirrt, and then having falKiicd two 
 boats together i they put one wheel of a waggon into 
 one boat, and the other wheel into the other, and fo 
 carried them over. 
 
 Here we Itaid three days, and pvirchafeel fuch pro- 
 vifionsas wc imagined we (hould be in want of; and 
 amongft other things a very large turbor, which we 
 found to be extremely good, not having lafled any 
 fuch fifli for feime time. Hut our i;^norant guides not 
 confidcring that we intended to travel farther, fent 
 back our horlcs unknown to us, fo that we were 
 diliged to travel four days on foot. On the fifth day 
 wc procured horfes and waggons, and ft)on after we 
 arrived at the court of Sart.ik, which is about three 
 ftagcs from the Wolga. From th'^nce to the Tanais 
 the country is extremely line, and watered with feveral 
 beautiful rivers, aft'ording abundance of the moll ex- 
 cellent fifh. The inhabitants arc divided into two 
 forts i namely, the Moxel, and the Mahometans. 
 ^°he Moxel arc pagans, and d«e-ll in cottages in the 
 woods, and they procure a lufifiltence mollly by 
 catching wild beads, at which they are very dexterous. 
 ■As for tlie Mahometans, they have fonie fmall towns, 
 but no mofques in them; for although they profcfs 
 themfelves to be of that religion, yet they arc ex- 
 tremely ignorant, knowing nothing more of the Al- 
 coran th^n what has been handed down to them by 
 tradition through many generations. 
 
 Sartak's court appeareel very fplcndid ; for, bcfieles a 
 Tift iiMtnbcr v( attendants, he iiad fix wives, and his 
 
 Ion had three. All thefc women live-d tognhcr in one 
 hoiile i and as thiy ir.uel Itom one part (if tl'C ctuii- 
 try to aiioiliei, eacii ol tlr.in h.ul t..o huiidicd w.ig- 
 iMiiis. We were hiIhhIiici d to liis fecrelary, v. hofe 
 liulincfs it IS to leeeue iinh.ill'aJois, and lie tii.itetV 
 us with iiimh iiiiire kiiuliuls than weexpe>'led. \\'lici» 
 «■,• toll! him that we had iio prelents left, he ;'iil\vereel, 
 that he did not defire any ; addiiiii, that he wi;uld ra- 
 tliergivius wliat allirtance h-cuuld, th ir. riceive any 
 thing iVoin n<, N'txt day we were ordered to allenil 
 on .S.irtak in his tent i and anordinqly we went die fl'nl 
 ;n our liiiplices, finging a l,i.tin hymn, in honour of 
 thehli-lieel Virgin. Ht viewed us v.itli great .itteii- 
 tion, and alked us feveral qucllions coneerning our 
 hooks and im.iges ; for he lU vei heard e.f ;!ny fueh 
 things before. It is true, there were feveral Armcni- ■ 
 an-. Ill his court, as well as fonie Oicck prieils, but 
 iieiiherof them fecmed to know much of the eatho- 
 lic religion j lor as they wouUI not acknowledge the 
 fupreniacy of our holy father the pcpe, fo wc were 
 eibliged to confidcr them as heretics. 
 
 Alon ;> with thcfe Armenians and Greeks was a 
 FCnii'lit Templar ; and .Sartak, who did not fcrm to 
 relilh their company, lent thiin awav under a Urong 
 guard, to liaatu his father ; but • bligcil them to leave- 
 all their waggons behind Ihcni. AVe (laid only a few 
 days after this, and then let out for the court of Baatu, 
 ^viiere wc arrived in ten d.iys, being much afraid of 
 robbers, of which thcie are always a gieat number in 
 thofe parts. 
 
 The court of this province filled us with aflonifli- 
 ment, lor we had never feeii any thing like it before ; 
 it cunfilled of a vaft number of huts and tents, extend- 
 ing about three miles in length and one in breadth, 
 and tilled with fuch vaft numbers of people, that it 
 had the appearance of one of the largeft cities in 
 Europe. '1 hcfe Tartars had their huts conftrudcd 
 in fuch a manner, that they could put them up in 
 waggons, and remove them from one place to ano- 
 ther with all the cafe imaginable i fo that they were 
 much like the tents made by our foldiers. Kaatu's 
 tent was placed in the center, and round it were tents 
 for his courtiers, who were extremely numerous j 
 the apartments for the women being locked, but they 
 are not under fuch rcftraintas in China and Turky. 
 
 Baatu having fent for us, wc made our appearance 
 before him in his tent; and as we were bare-he.idetl 
 and bare- footed, with our clerical robes, the whole 
 afi'embly gazeel at us with feeming aflonifhment. The 
 prince fat on a feat like a bed, gilt all over, with one 
 of his wives, who probably was themoft beloved, bc- 
 fide I'.im. He had a ficlh, ruddy e'omplcxion, and, 
 looking earneftly at us, ordered us to ipcak. Then 
 our guide dcfired us to kneel on both our knees, which 
 we end, and prayed earnellly that God would convert 
 Baatu to the faith of the holy catholic church. 
 
 Our interpreter having explained the words of our 
 praver, the prince fecmed to fmilc i but his attendants 
 burll out into loud fits of laughter, clapping their 
 hands, and jeering us with every mark of contempt. 
 Baatu, however, ordered our letters of recommenda- 
 tion to be read by our interpreter, and then we were- 
 defired to withdraw to a teirt prepared for our recep- 
 tion, till fuch time as he fhould confult with his cour- 
 tiers concerning what anfwcr he was to give us. Thus 
 we were left intirely in the dark concerning what was 
 to happen to us ; and what was the worft of all, we 
 had never yet been able to make fo much as one fingle 
 convert to the holy Roman- catholic religion. 
 
 Having continued feveral days longer in this court, 
 or rather camp, our guide came to inform us, thai 
 as we defired pernii/rion to flay fome time in the coun- 
 try, Baatu could not grant it without the confent of 
 thekhan or enipctor, fo that it was neceilary for us 
 to repair te> his court. Accordingly we fet out with 
 our interpreter, Baatu himfelf having been fo obli- 
 ging as to accompany us. Our journey, which took 
 up no lefs than five weeks, was along the banks of the 
 Wolga, and during that time wc were almofl flarved 
 to death fur want of pvovifions. 
 
 A* 
 
 
 Vt.' 
 
 MMM 
 
r R A V E L S I- (I \\ O i; (i IF TAR P A H \, c<;c 
 
 Bi7 
 
 T' '! 
 
 ' ■ * ■ 
 
 
 At length, on the ifiili il.iy "f Si|ilLnib(ri wo dc- 
 parted Inr lliccniirt ol' On- kluiii <'t (lniit T.irtiiiv, 
 which ^^n^ .1 JDiiiiK y of I'mir mdiiihs'i .inil wc uiiu 
 fibliycil to |)urihalc (nr mirlilvis w.11111 ;'/nviis, with 
 Ic.ithir hifcchi"', a?i.l hunts iii.uli: dt (l)a|i (km, with 
 thf woiiUy fulc turned iiiwaids. Ahmit t^e b('i;i|i- 
 niiig of Nun'iiihiT wc touiid ourltlvi.s in ;i i ouiitry 
 iiihahitiJ hy a hndy o( |ico[>lc lall.'d the K.mkk-i 
 and tlicir cmni'iy Ivuv^le, 'I'm/v vveiv tnriiurly 
 (iihjjiil til tho l'!.'iia,.ii>. 1 but now thi'v do nut ritaiii 
 on.; linglc idv.i ul' ih,; nuiincrs nt' that warlike 
 p-nple. 
 
 I'li.'l- people live in hutf, anl Ip.'ak a llianue 
 liingu.i;,c, iviiieh has a near aHinity to what we 
 call the Selavonicj and tV(i!ii this part ot ihe 
 world many i>(' thoie b.irbarians tame who overthrew 
 tiie llomaii tnipire, and eltahlilhed luvereignties 
 vn its ruins. 
 
 In iMir iimrniy tliroir^h this tfiintry, we ("iilFered 
 inueli Iroui the ii verity ol the cold. Our jMiide was 
 uiniM of (ome repute in Ihe country, who at lull 
 tre.ited us in a hauyhtv Icnrnliil ni. inner; hut our 
 bciiiviour was fo lubniiflive, th it at lall it fofte'iel 
 hii heart, and made him look upon us as lonKAvhat 
 more than human, 
 
 Tlius arlifts melt tlie fullen oieof lead. 
 With heaping coals ot tire upon its head : 
 In thj kind warmth the metal learns tojdow, 
 AllJ, ioofc Iroin drols, the fiiver runs below. 
 
 The chiefs of the Mnnguls, who inhabit great 
 part of that txtenlive delert, treated us with every 
 fort of refpedt, and often delired our prayers. They 
 oftered us all forts of provifions i;ratis; Init we would 
 not aeeept of any tlniii; but what we paid for. 
 
 J'hcy told us, that feveral perfuna irom their coun- 
 try, who had travelled as far as Conll.mtinii{de, 
 had informed them, that the pope was five hundred 
 years of age ; which convinced us, that they had 
 heard foniethin;; of Jefus Chrill. Front this part of 
 the country we l.irneil more to the foutluvard, and 
 .crolled ftveral lleep iiioaiuain'^, where we were often 
 in d,'.i;L,er of b-'iny dallied 10 pieces over precipices, 
 <ir devoured by wild b^alb, (Jii thefe nuuintains we 
 faw many allej as large as cumninn horles, and fo 
 I'iVifr, that our j',ii:de was nut abl- to catch one of them, 
 Ab.nic the middle ot September we entered a 
 large plain I'linounded by mniMitauls, at tlu end of 
 wdiich we c.une to a town e.dltd Kerkat, where the 
 j;overnor met Us at (he i^ate, and treated us with ale. 
 A threat river dufcended I'roin the mountains, which, 
 beiuLjciit into i'.vcral c.mals, watered thewlnde coun- 
 try, and ended m a molt b-..iutiful lake, where we 
 found lome ( f the h.ll li(h we had tafted fince we 
 came into tliefe part?. 
 
 Having relied ouilelves at this place, we conti- 
 nued our jonnuy tow aids the ealt, along a rid^c of 
 mount. lins that join to the Cafpian Sea. Here we 
 came to a \illage, and made eiu|uiry concerning fome 
 J)utchmeii, who lived at a place called 'I'allasj but 
 all we could learn was, that Ban, their lord, had 
 been pu: to death by Raatu, in whole jurildiclion he 
 lived, for (peaking diliefpc'lfully of him; and that 
 the nil of his c iiintrvmen were removed to lialak, a 
 villas", a numth's jnuiney more caftward. It feenis 
 the!'.' Dutchmen hid been informed, that there were 
 gold mines in tho'e p'.rts of 'I'artary; but they were 
 miltaken, and nie.l of them pcri(hed in the fearch. 
 
 Continuing to travcrfe this lall del'art, we came to 
 a village calkd liilirns, inhabitid bv Mufulmen, or 
 .Mahometans; and they fpokc the I'crfian language. 
 Near th!-; village we had I'everal mountains to crols ; 
 after which, v\e came to a moll b.autiful plain, and 
 loon after arrived at thj antif ni citv of Koylak. 
 
 In KoyLik were three idol tempUs ; and in one of 
 thcfe, we were {hewn an iniii^^'e placed behind the 
 altar, in the Corm of an anD,el with vvings Around 
 it were feveral oilier images, moU ot whom had 
 their hands c! ifped together in a praving pofturc, 
 
 or rather as gnint^ to blefs ili'ir t< or(hipper«. 'I'hc 
 ddois of till ir teinpli s lite always open tovv irds ihi- 
 I'ouih J and thoiijji we liuind them built leiit'ih-vviijs 
 trom raft to \\\i\, yet tluir piiifls, as well as the peo- 
 ple, woi(hi|> uilb tliiir fa es to 1 ards the north; 
 prolh.iling theml'eKei 011 the ivonnd, anjLniakiiij; 
 the mo|! nideoiii lani'nt itions. Their prHs, who 
 havi' tliur heals and Iv.aids (hived all rv r,^ live tn. 
 geiher ill a convent ; and in their temples ilvy went 
 yellow )tatminl>. Tliee lit on heneh' s in tin ir tem- 
 ples, e.ieh haviiiL; a ItiinL' of nul-lhills in hi^ hand i 
 iiiid ihev furpieiuly rip:aithi' wo'H*, " Lord, thou 
 knowelt '" wiiieh is conlidered by iliem as bavin;; 
 Innieihing ill it of a very in"i itorions nature, 
 
 Theli' tmiples have fipinc t nirt«, oppofite the 
 front doors to the f lUlh ; ; ud there the prielt-, whole 
 tills are on carh (Idc , fit and convei le togither. They 
 wiilefmm the fop loth: hoti .'n, and nuiliiply the 
 lines (rom the right hand to the left, Thiv bunt 
 their dead, and depofit the alhes in an urn, which is 
 li\'d on the top of a pyramid, near the git.'S of their 
 Iiinpl s; and they believe t'vit there is one Siipicme 
 liuii:, who hai a great many civ puties to aill under 
 him. 
 
 l)e|iarling from Koylak, wc came to a ruined 
 village', where we foiinil t'le finiins of a caltle ; .ind 
 .ib'jut three days after, we crcill'ei! near the eivl of the 
 lake, which wc found to bealiiioft as bo.lb'unis as the 
 (V a. Near the borders of this end of the lake was a 
 fmall to.vn inhabited by Nellorian-, who are very 
 numerous in thefe parts j and they had a churiih, 
 where their priefts laid niafs. Here thi: wind was fo 
 (hong and boillerous, that to avoid being blown into 
 the lake, we turned northward, into a hilly country, 
 ahiioll covered over with fnov. There were feveral 
 huts at the bottom of the rocks, in which lived pea- 
 (ants, who conduced lis from one (lage to another; 
 for they were given to iinderlfand, that we were going 
 to the court ot the emperor. Next day, as we pad'cJ 
 between frit'Jitful rocks, our guides came and advifcd 
 us to fpeak fome words to drive away the devil, who in 
 that place, they (aid, often carried men oft' from their 
 horfes, and fometimcs tore out their bowels. Upon 
 that, we repeated the creed ; which had Inch etfeiif, 
 that the devil did not approach to hurt them ; and the 
 guides were Co fcnfibleof what we had done for them, 
 that they begircd us t() write out copies of the ci^-ed 
 for them to (lick in their caps, and keep them as 
 prelervativcs. 
 
 From this place wc travelled more towards the 
 north-eaft, through a hilly country, and then entered 
 a great plain, which, at a diftance, looked like the 
 fca. At the further end of this plain, we came to 
 the court of the great khan, or emperor, where our 
 guide had a large houfe allotted him for his relidence } 
 but we were croudcd together in a fmall hut, where 
 there was fcarcc room for ourfclves and our baggage. 
 The weather was (b cold, that (though contrary to 
 our order) we were obliged to wear Ihoes, which we 
 made of pieces of horfes hides, keeping the hairy fide 
 next to us. 
 
 On the 5tli of January, wc were brought to the 
 court of the emperor, and placed in a tent covcrtil 
 before the gate with rough (kins of (beep, hor(es, 
 and bullocks. It being Chriftmas feafon, and we 
 being earneft to convert thefe people to the faith, we 
 fang to them an hymn in Latin, but they did not 
 fecm much to regard it. 
 
 The fcrvants or guards who waited at the gatp, 
 ("earchcd us for knives ; but finding we had none, they 
 conduded us into an apartment, where we were 
 (bated on benches, and the khan's wives came and 
 looked at us. The room was hung with cloth of 
 gold, and in the midit was a fire, made of thorns 
 mixed with ox-dung. The khan fat on a bed drelTcd 
 in a robe of fpotted fur, which (hone as tranfparent • 
 as if it had been a feal-(kin. He was of a middle 
 flaturc, flat nofed, and about fifty years of age. His 
 principal wife fat next to him ; and near her, was 
 her cldeft ilaughter, and feveral little children. Nei- 
 
ets 
 
 TRAVELS i H R O U C, n P A R T A R Y, ^c. 
 
 ther tite women nor the childrtn had any thing in 
 them that Wis rn^a,';inj{ ) tor, l>cbJct their flat nii(m, 
 they wrre of a Iwiiiihy r(ini|il< >l»n, low ol ftaturi.', 
 but rohuli, with lar^i- ryi's, ami l>;inl IVaiuni. 
 
 'I'he khan dtliriil our iiuer|ut'ier i» ulk m what 
 liquor »c choli: to dijtik? at ilif tame liiiu ii.uiuii); 
 tiuur tlMkrcnt.l'urK i and ai wc were cqualjv llianrt-rv 
 to ill (Vthem, Wf t(Mik what wa« rccnnnncndrd to 
 ui, which wa« callid li'ialina, a li(|u'<r niadi.- iil 
 rice i it was mild, >.lcar, ami tnllt-d vciy much like 
 white wine. Wc tuld the khan, that we had liii-ii 
 li'nt by BaalH to thj couit, luul th it our cliict diligii 
 w-n, to convert his (uhjcil* to the ChnHian laiih. 
 The einptror^jifwercd, that his puwir was i;reatovcr 
 ull till, eaft, and that we niiiMit r'ninin as long »k we 
 plcalcd iiv hit dominions) whiili ltd us to take 
 notice of fome things that h ippencd both before v/i: 
 came, and while we were thiii;. 
 
 About a year belore »<: airiveil nt ll>e cmpfror's 
 court, two friars, the one named I'licoilolu*, and the 
 otUvr Andrew, came into I'ariary, lisvini; traveller, 
 fruin Syria, all the way acn.fs I'ttfia. Andrew, nut 
 liiking the country, riiiirned honc; but Ihculolus, 
 who was an artful mm, pre(cnilcil that hclnd received 
 letters from the king of iIk Krinks, wriiitn on gold, 
 which he was to itctivcr to the cni|i'.ror i Inn that the 
 horl'e he rode upon had broke loolr, and ran away with 
 Ihcni. 
 
 Having promifed to condiifl anibsiTidnrs to that kins, 
 the khan caufed a bow to be niaile, lb (liong, that two 
 men could h.irdly bcod it; and two airows with lilvcr 
 heads, and full of holes, which ciol'ed ihein to wlnllle 
 as ti.ey flew through the air. Tlieie be delivered to a 
 Moiicul, ordering him to prefent llieni to the kini; of 
 the Franks, and tell hmv, that in ca'e he rntcicil inio a 
 lejgiie with hira, lie (the kh.m} would hibdue all the 
 Mahuin.'tan countries thai lay to the wcl\warJ of his 
 domiiiiont, and give iheni up to be governed by the 
 Franks ; but in cafe he refuftd, then the envoy, inftead of 
 delivering the bow, w.is to tell the kin?, that his mailer 
 could (Iwot f:;r with it, and do a creii deal of mifchief. 
 'I'his .Mon|ul,»hu ai^vdasambaflador, fs'out, accom- 
 panied by T'heodohis, for the court of the king of the 
 Franks, with an inicrpie'er along with them. They 
 travelled feveril months together, till they came iieai 
 llie borders of Syria, when lltey difcoveied that this 
 Thcot'olus was a.i impoftor, and thai he intended to 
 carry them by fea to the pope. Accordingly they ap- 
 plied to the governor of tlie place, vt ho caufed I'heo- 
 «loIu9 to be imprifoned ; but In the OKan lime the am- 
 baflador and the inierpretrr died. 
 
 Here we found a great number of NcHorian Greeks, 
 one of whom, a monk, called Sergius, told us one diy, 
 that he was going to baptize the emperor. We he^'ged 
 to be permitted to fee the ceremony, which Sergius 
 proiuifed we fliould ; but when the time appointed 
 came, he did nut come near us. However, wc went 
 in the evening to the court, where we found Sergius, 
 with the crofs in his hand -, when he told us, that he had 
 baptized the iinperor; I ui lh.it was falfe, for ahhru"h 
 .the khan fuffered all forts of priefts4o villt him, yet he 
 never admitted any ceremonies to be pcrfoimed except, 
 his own, which were he;ithcn. 
 
 The khan's lirl> lady, who was a Nellorian, and had a 
 fon whom (he brought up in the principles of her own 
 religion, had a chapel where (he went to mafs, and 
 where many abominable ceremonies were ufed. All the 
 people bathed thrmfelves at the door of the cli ipel ; and 
 »ft f' on a* the pricrt had finithed thsir fervice, litjuois 
 were fet before them, and they gat intoxicated fo 
 much, thii they were rather like healls than men. 
 
 Soon after this, the queen was taken dangernufly 
 ill ; and though the was a Ncllorian, yet tite khan 
 loved her fo much, that he fent for .Sergius the monk, 
 who undertook to cure h:r. We attended to the 
 methods ufed by him ; which were as ridiculous as 
 any wc< h.iil ever feen pr&iSiifed by mountebanks. 
 Having cut fomc rhubarb very fmall, he put it to 
 ftccp in water along with a crucifix j and by this he 
 .<<tid, he knew whether the patient would live or die ; 
 I 
 
 for if Hie were to ricover, it would flick to htr KrenfJ 
 like glur, but if (he wcie to iljr, it would nut Ituk 
 to it at all. We wen of opinioi , that it would hi- 
 much hiitir K/r him tti luMer u> to .iiioint h> r witli 
 holy oil and water, ih.it heiiij^ our rtmtdy for all loits 
 ■it dill all ^ i to V'hieh Sii-iui loiifiilled. 
 
 Aiiditliiifily we ('|)ii)t the wlioK- nighl in prayrr ; 
 .mil ill the uiiirnin;; we waited upon the laJy, whom 
 we anointed, and Ihr Coin found heilill iiiikIi httter. 
 Next d,iy till' khan lent tor u>, and ue lounil liiiii 
 tilling', III the inidlt lit his fervaiiiv, lipping lome- 
 lliiiii; like p.ille. He told u«, we ilil'.;ht c.iiiyour 
 iTols on tin top ofalaiite cr fpiar, lo that it ini^lit 
 he (t-in by the people. I'rocdJinp liom theme, wc 
 rti It to the lady, whom wc found hearty and will, 
 hut Wf ihoufi.ht It moll proper to irpcat our iiinidiis. 
 We Ijad aniiiltd ourfelves willi the hopes of lei ing the 
 kill"; of Aiininia, as wc had been tolj we(hoiild, nye- 
 iher with a Dutch prieli Iroiii Lt.ilak i but hearing no 
 newsofihcin, we applied to the kh.in for information. 
 We could not however hiinij any intctligenec con- 
 cerning thein; and as the winter was near appioach- 
 iiij;, we rifoKecl to have the rountry ; I his wc 
 found the more nceeP.iiy, bccaiile, alter we h;ul done 
 every thing we could lo convert the iiihabilaiiK, wc 
 hail not bicii able to make one profelvte ; for the 
 Neltorian monk woiiUI not pirniit us to conveilo 
 with tlie queen, w hini wc had healed ; and as for 
 the emperor, he was continually furroundtd by pagai* 
 priefts. 'I'his prince ordered each of us a warm (;.ii-' 
 nient, with every thing necefl'ary for our journey, and 
 ^ave the interpreter monry u> defray our cx|ieoccs 
 on the road. 
 
 Leaving the khan's court, we travelled above 
 twenty days, aniF then learned that the king of 
 Armenia had palTed us, he having taken another 
 road. Travelling ftill farther, we ariivcd at the Tar- 
 tarian camp, where Baatu commanded, after havinc 
 been abfent from it exadly one year. Wc fufl'ered 
 much in this journey to Uaatii's camp, for we fre- 
 quently met with 'I'artars near the mountains, who 
 afkcd us if we could take care of horl'es, and milk 
 mares, upon which we concluded that they intended 
 to make flaves of us. 
 
 Haatu treated us much better than when we vifited 
 him firft; for having called us into his tent, he or- 
 dercd his fecrctary to read the letters he had wiittcn to 
 the king of France ; and when our interpreter had 
 explained them, he fent fome of his men, who con- 
 ducted us four days on our journey, and then left UJ. 
 Having travelled a month longer, we came to the bor- 
 ders of Perfia, w here we found the Wolga divided it- 
 felf into fcven flreams, fo that we wercobliped to 
 crofs as many, ferries. Two days more brought os 
 to Samaron, a city moftly inhabited by Jews, where 
 wc rtfiefhed ourfelves one day, and then continued 
 our journey fourhward, where we law the ruins of 
 walls, which reiiched from the top of the mountains 
 to the fea. All along wc met with hords of Tar- 
 tars, efpecially near the banks of the river Araxes, 
 which we crorfed on a bridge of boats chained to^ 
 gether. Near this place, and adjoining to the banks 
 of the river, we were (hewn the mountain, called 
 in fcripturc Ararat, where it is faid the ark rc((ed, and 
 the Armenians firmly believe it. It is no-.v called 
 Semainum, which fignifies Eight, alluding to the 
 prefcrvatiou of Nuah and his family during the 
 flood. 
 
 Near the bottom of this mountain is a town called 
 Naxuan, where we met with two friars of our order, 
 who had been confined there a long while during the 
 winter, the fnow being fo deep, that they could not 
 travel. In fifteen days liwre we entered the Tutk- 
 i(h dominions on th': (ird Sunday in Lent, where 
 we found fevcral townsjfin which were mote Greeks 
 and Armenians than Mahometans. 
 
 The fecond Sunday in Lent, wc came to the head of 
 the Araxes, which rifesin a mountain, beyond which 
 there is a fine city, called Arzerum, and near it, on 
 thcnoitli, tho Euphrates has its fourccj but the 
 
 fnov/ 
 
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